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LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

GENERAL STAFF

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES

(ITS ORGANIZATION, DUTIES, PAY, AND ALLOWANCES),

FROM

1775 to 1901.

COMPILED AND ANNOTATED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

Major-General HENEY 0. OOEBIN,

ADJUTANT-GENERAL. OF THE ARMY,

EAPE^AEL P. THIAN,

CHIEF CLERK'ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1901.

"-A. good. StafF haw the mei-it of "being more durable than the
KCtraiu.a of any one man." Jomini.

PREFACE.

Traces of a general staff are found first in the Brandenburg (after-
wards the Prussian) army in 1655, under the Great Elector, but its
functions are supposed to have first been employed in Swedish organ-
izations.

The Russian general staff dates from the time of Peter the Great.

The operations of the general staff of the German army are entirely
independent of the minister of war, being directed by the chief, who
is responsible only to the Commander in Chief the Emperor. This
status has existed for over seventy years.

In Russia there is no separate direction of the general staff, the chief
reporting directly to the war minister.

In Italy the officers of the great general staff are entirely under the
chief of the general staff, who reports directly to the war minister.

The chief of the general staff in France is directly under and entirely
subordinate to the secretary of war.

In Austria the chief of the general staff is considered as the assistant
of the imperial war minister.

In England the adjutant-general's office is once removed from the
secretary of state for war through the commander in chief of the
army.

The Continental Congress, June 15, 1775, unanimously elected
George Washington, esq., "to command all the continental forces,
raised or to be raised, for the defense of American liberty," and
resolved, July 21, "that such a body of troops be kept up in the
Massachusetts Bay as General Washington shall think necessary, pro-
vided they do not exceed 22,000 men."

On assuming this command General Washington found an hetero-
genous and undisciplined force which, on the call of the Massachusetts
committee of safety on the morning after the affair at Lexington and
Concord, had assembled at Cambridge in a motley host of full 20,000
men, and immediately took measures to bring order out of confusion.
Joseph Reed, of Philadelphia, was chosen by him for the important
post of Secretary to the Commander in Chief. Horatio Gates was
appointed Adjutant-General, Thomas Mifflin, Quartermaster-General,
and Joseph Trumbull, Commissary-General. Owing to the multi-

Elicity of affairs pressing on the attention of Congress, that body,
>ecember 27, 1776, vested General Washington with full and com-
Elete power to displace and appoint all officers under the rank of
rigadier-general and to till up vacancies in every department in the
American Army.

4 PREFACE.

In a letter dated June 13, 1776, addressed to the President of Congress,
General Washington wrote:

I once mentioned to Congress that I thought a war office extremely necessary, and
they seemed inclined to institute one for our Army; but the affair seems to have
been since dropped. Give me leave again to insist on the utility and importance of
such an establishment. The more I reflect upon the subject, the more am I convinced
of its necessity and that affairs can never be properly conducted without it.

Congress having, June 13, 1776, created a Board of War, General
Washington, seven days later, wrote to the President of Congress as
follows:

The instituting a War Office is certainly an event of great importance, and, in all
probability, will be recorded as such in the historic page. The benefits derived from
it, I flatter myself, will be considerable, though the plan upon which it is first
formed may not be entirely perfect. This, like other great works, in its first edition
may not be free from error; time will discover its defects, and experience suggest the
remedy and such further improvements as may be necessary; but it was right to give
it a beginning, in my opinion.

The Board of War, thus created, was the germ of the War Depart-
ment of our Government. The evolution of the general staff of the
American Army covers a period of many years, during which tenta-
tive measures were adopted, from time to time, to meet emergencies.

On the eve of his recall to the supreme command of the Army, Gen-
eral AVashington forcibly presented his views on the subject of a gen-
eral staff in two letters addressed by him to Hon. James McHenry, the
then Secretary of War. July 4, 1798, he wrote:

In forming an army, if a judicious choice is not made of the principal officers and,
above all, of the general staff, it never can be rectified thereafter. The character
then of the Army would be lost in the superstructure. The reputation of the com-
mander in chief would sink with it and the country be involved in inextricable
expense. To remark to a military man how important the general staff of an army
is to its well being seems to be unnecessary.

And again, on the following day:

"The appointment of general officers is important, but of those of the general staff
all important.

The Inspector-General, Quartermaster-General, Adjutant-General, and officer com-
manding the corps of artillerists and engineers, ought to be men of the most respect-
able character and of first rate abilities, because from the nature of their respective
offices and from their being always about the Commander in Chief, who is obliged to
intrust many things to them confidentially, scarcely any movement can take place
without their knowledge. It follows, then, that besides possessing the qualifications
just mentioned they ought to have those of integrity and prudence in an eminent
degree that entire confidence might be reposed in them. Without these, and their
being on good terms with the commanding general, his measures, if not designedly
thwarted, may be so embarrassed as to make them move heavily on.

If the Inspector-General is not an officer of great respectability of character, firm
ami strict in discharging the duties of the trust reposed in him, or if he is too pliant
in his disposition, he will most assuredly be imposed upon, and the efficient strength
and condition of the Army will not be known to the Commander in Chief. Of course
he may form his plans upon erroneous calculations and commit fatal mistakes.

If the Quartermaster-General is not a man of great resource and activity, and
worthy of the highest confidence, he would be unfit for the military station he is to
occupy; for, as it is not possible at all times to mask real designs and movements
under false appearances, the better and safer way is to place full confidence in him
under the seal of responsibility. Then, knowing the plan, he participates in the con-
cealment, on which, and the celerity of a movement, success oftentimes entirely
depends. In addition to these requisites in a Quartermaster-General, economy in
providing for the wants of an army, proper arrangements in the distribution of the
supplies, and a careful eye to the use of them is of great importance and call for a
circumspect choice.

The Adjutant-General ought also to be a man of established character, of great
activity and experience in the details of an army, and of proved integrity, or no
alertness can be expected in the execution of the several duties consigned to him on

PREFACE. 5

the one hand, and everything to be feared from treachery or neglect in his office
on the other, by which the enemy might be as well informed of our strength as of
their own.

It was not, however, until 1812-1821 that the general staff was organ-
ized on correct lines and its several departments created, substantially,
as they have remained since.

Air. Secretary William H. Crawford, in a report dated December 27,
1815, expressed himself as follows:

A complete organization of the staff will contribute as much to the economy of
the establishment as to its efficiency. The stationery staff of a military establish-
ment should be substantially the same in peace as iii war, without reference to the
number or distribution of the troops of which it is composed.

Hon. John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, replying, December 11,
1818, to a resolution of Congress asking what reduction, if any, might
be made in the military establishment, wrote:

The staff, as organized by the act of last session, combines simplicity with effi-
ciency. * * * Were our military establishment reduced one-half, it is obvious
that, if the same posts continued to be occupied which now are, the same number of
officers in the Quartermaster's, Paymaster's, Medical, and Adjutant and Inspector
General's Departments would be required.

To compare, then, as is sometimes done, our staff with those of European armies
assembled in large bodies is manifestly unfair. The act of last session, it is believed,
has made all the reduction which ought to be attempted. It has rendered the staff
efficient without making it expensive. Such a staff is not only indispensable to the
efficiency of the Army, but it is also necessary to a proper economy in its disburse-
ments; and should an attempt be made at retrenchment by reducing the present
number, it would, in its consequences, probably prove wasteful and extravagant.

In fact, no part of our military organization requires more attention in peace than
the general staff . It is in every service invariably the last in attaining perfection;
and if neglected in peace, when there is leisure, it will be impossible, in the midst
of the hurry and bustle of war, to bring it to perfection. It is in peace that it should
receive a perfect organization, and that the officers should be trained to method and
punctuality, so that at the commencement of a war, instead of creating anew, nothing
more should be necessary than to give it the necessary enlargement.

With a defective staff we must carry on our military operations under great dis-
advantages, and be exposed, particularly at the commencement of a war, to great
losses, embarrassments, and disasters.

The history of the general staff is marked by good judgment, great
executive ability, and readiness of execution in emergencies. The
value of the staff has been fully demonstrated by the administration
of its affairs in the wars of the past, but in none more so than during
the late civil war, when the system was submitted to most severe tests,
from which it emerged triumphantly. The crowning evidence of its
thorough effectiveness was the preparation of the plan by the Adjutant-
General's Department for the muster out and disbandment at the close
of that war of the volunteer armies, numbering over 1,500,000 officers
and men, distributed to 1,274 regiments, 316 independent companies,
and 192 batteries.

The plan was submitted to the Secretary of War and the General of
the Army and was adopted within one hour of its presentation. The
movement homeward commenced May 29, 1865, and, had it been prac-
ticable to spare all the forces, the entire number could easily have been
mustered out and returned to their homes within three months. Six
hundred and forty one thousand were mustered out within about two
months, 741,000 within two and a half months, and 800,963 were dis-
charged by November 15, 1865. In his annual report for that j^ear
General Grant states that

These musters out were admirably conducted; 800,000 men (subsequently increased
to 1,034,064) were passing from the Army to civil life so quickly that it was scarcely
known, save by the welcomes to their homes. PPT

CONTENTS

Page.
I. General provisions affecting the several corps and departments of the

general staff 9

II. The Adjutant-General's Department 49

III. The Inspector-General's Department 83

IV. The Judge- Advocate-General's Department 119

V. The Quartermaster's Department 137

VI. The Subsistence Department 235

VII. The Medical Department 359

VIII. ThePay Department 441

IX. The Corps of Engineers 481

X. The Ordnance Department 531

XL The Signal Corps 609

MINOR BUREAUS.

The Commissary -General of Musters 629

The Commissary -General of Prisoners 637

Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 653

The Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 665

ADDENDA.

General provisions 681

The Quartermaster's Department 686

The Subsistence Department 687

The Medical Department 689

The Ordnance Department 690

The Signal Corps 690

I.-GENERAL PROVISIONS.

PROVISIONS AFFECTING THE SEVERAL CORPS AND
DEPARTMENTS OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

September 21, 1775. "Whereas frequent applications are making to the General,
Commander in Chief, by officers of all ranks and denominations for an allowance of
rations of provisions, which are not only absolutely necessary, but usual and cus-
tomarily allowed to them, the General has thought proper to order and direct that
from the first day of July last there be issued by the Commissary-General the fol-
lowing proportion of rations, viz: To each major-general, 15 rations; to each briga-
dier-general, 12 rations; to each colonel, 6 rations; to each lieutenant-colonel, 5
rations; to each major, 4 rations; to each captain, 3 rations; to each subaltern, 2
rations, and to each staff officer, 2 rations. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

March 15, 1776. Expenses of the horses of general officers, when traveling on
official business, were to be defrayed by the Continent.

May 10, 1776. Resolved, That this Congress has hitherto exercised, and ought to
retain, the power of promoting the officers in the Continental service according to
their merit; and that no promotion or succession shall take place upon any vacancy
without the authority of a Continental commission.

September 9, 1776. In all commissions the words "United Colonies" to be altered
to "United States."

September 16, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Congress make provision for granting
lands in the following proportion: To the officers . . . who shall
so engage in the service and continue therein to the close of the war,
or until discharged by Congress, and to the representatives of such
officers and soldiers as shall be slain by the enemy.

Such lands to be provided by the United States, and whatever
expense shall be necessary to procure such land the said expense shall
be paid and borne by the States in the same proportion as the other
expenses of the war, viz:

To a colonel, 500 acres; to a lieutenant-colonel, 450; to a major, 400;
to a captain, 300; to a lieutenant, 200; to an ensign, 150; each non-
commissioned officer and soldier,' 100.

September 18, 1776.

Resolved, That if rations be received by the officers ... in
the Continental Army, in money, they be paid at the rate of & of a
dollar.

September 20, 1776.

In order to prevent the officers and soldiers who shall be entitled to
the lands hereafter to be granted bj r the resolution of Congress of the
16th from disposing of the same during the war,

Resolved, That Congress will not grant lands to any person or persons
claiming under the assignment of an officer or soldier.

12 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

December 27, 1776.

The Congress having maturely considered the present crisis . . .
do hereby

Resolve, That General Washington be, and he is hereby, vested
with full and complete power ... to displace and appoint all
officers under the rank of brigadier-general, and to fill up all vacancies
in every . . . department in the American Army.

* * * * * * - *

That the foregoing power be vested in General Washington for and
during the term of six months from the date hereof, unless sooner
determined by Congress.

April 10, 1777. General Washington was asked to transmit to the board of war a
list of his appointments made under powers vested in him.

August 14, 1777. Congress authorized the commanding officer in the Northern
Department, for four months from date of resolution, to suspend any officer under
his command, for mal-conduct, and to appoint others in their room till such time as
the pleasure of Congress can be known concerning the person or persons so suspended;
and that he report the names of such as he may suspend, with the cause of their
suspension.

August 23, 1777. General Washington to be informed that Congress never intended
by any commission hitherto granted by them, or by the establishment of any depart-
ment whatever, to supersede or circumscribe his powers as the Commander in Chief
of all the Continental forces within the United States.

September 17, 1777. General Washington was authorized to suspend all officers
misbehaving and to fill up all vacancies under the rank of brigadier-general until
the pleasure of Congress can be communicated; powers to continue for 60 days and
within a radius of 70 miles of headquarters. November 14, 1777, this power was con-
tinued to March 1, 1778, unless sooner revoked.

January 6, 1778. Every officer and man entering an hospital for treatment of
secret disease to pay, respectively, $10 and $4; such moneys to be paid to the director-
general or his order, to be appropriated to the purchase of blankets and shirts for the
use of the sick soldiers in the hospital.

February 3, 1778.

Resolved, That every officer who holds or shall hereafter hold a
commission or office from Congress shall take and subscribe the fol-
lowing oath or affirmation:

' k I, : , do acknowledge the United States of America to

be free, independent, and sovereign States, and declare that the peo-
ple thereof owe no allegiance or obedience to George the Third, King
of Great Britain; and I renounce, refuse, and abjure any allegiance or
obedience to him; and I do swear (or affirm) that I will, to the utmost
of my power, support, maintain, and defend the said United States
against the said King George the Third and his heirs and successors,
and his and their abettors, assistants, and adherents, and will serve

the said United States in the office of , which I now hold, with

fidelitv, according to the best of my skill and understanding. So help
me God."

* * *

Resolved, That all officers in the Army shall take and subscribe the
foregoing oath or affirmation before the Commancl ?r in Chief, or any
major-general or brigadier-general.

* * *

That every officer, having the disposal of public money, or who is
or shall be intrusted with the charge or distribution of public stores,

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 13

shall, at the time of taking and subscribing the foregoing oath or affir-
mation, also take an oath or affirmation of office, in the following
words, viz:

"I, , do swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully, truly,

and impartially execute the office of , to which I am appointed,

and render a true account, when thereunto required, of all public
monies by me received or expended, and of all stores or other effects
to me entrusted, which belong to the United States; and will, in all
respects, discharge the trust reposed in me with justice and integrity,
to the best of my skill and understanding."

That every officer taking the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or
either of them, shall obtain from the person administering the same
duplicate certificates specifying the time of his taking it, or them, and
also his name and rank, or employment.

That every military officer shall deliver or transmit one of the cer-
tificates so obtained to the commander in chief, or the commander of
a department, or to such person as by general orders shall be appointed
to receive the same; and the said commanding officers shall cause the
certificates so received to be sent to the secretary of Congress, and
shall keep an exact list of the names of all officers whose certificates
shall be received and forwarded, together with their several ranks and
the times of their being qualified.

* ******

That each deponent or affirmant shall retain and keep the other cer-
tificate by him obtained as a voucher of his having complied with what
is hereb3 r enjoined him:

Revolved, That every officer, civil or military, now in office, shall
take and subscribe the qualification above directed, within twenty days
after notice hereof; and every person hereafter appointed to any office
by or under the authority of the Congress of the United States of
America shall take and subscribe the same previous to his acting in
such office; and every officer who shall continue or presume to exer-
cise any commission, civil or military, under the authority of the
Congress of the United States of America, without taking the qualifi-
cation in time and manner above directed shall be cashiered, and forfeit
two months' pay to the use of the United States of America, and be
rendered incapable of serving in the Army of the said States, and of
executing thereafter any office under Congress.

February 9, 1778. Governors of States authorized to suspend, for cause, any officer
of the staff not immediately appointed by Congress, and to make temporary appoint-
ments in the place of the officers suspended, reporting their action to Congress.

May 15, 1778.

Resolved, Unanimously, that all military officers commissioned by
Congress who now are, or hereafter may be, in the service of the United
States, and shall continue therein during the war, and not hold any
office of profit under these States, or any of them, shall, after the con-
clusion of the war, be entitled to receive annually, for the term of
seven years, if they live so long, one-half of the present pa}^ of such
officers: . . . And provided, That this resolution shall not extend
to any officer in the service of the United States, unless he shall have
taken an oath of allegiance to, and shall actually reside within some
one of the United States.

14 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May 27, 1778.

Resolved, That when any of the staff officers appointed from the
line are promoted above the ranks in the line out of which they are
respectively appointable their staff appointments shall thereupon be
vacated.

May 29, 1778.

Resolved, That no persons hereafter appointed upon the civil staff
of the Army shall hold or be entitled to any rank in the Army by
virtue of such staff appointment.

June 2, 1778.

Resolved, That subsistence money be allowed to officers and others
on the staff in lieu of extra rations, and that henceforward none of
them be allowed to draw more than one ration a day.

June 4, 1778. Congress appointed Messrs. Carroll, Matthews and Wentworth a
committee to extract from the journals, for publication, all the resolutions relative to
the government of the Army.

June 9, 1778.

Resolved, That the value of the rations due since the 1st of January
last till the 1st inst. be estimated at one-third of a dollar . . .

June 23, 1778. Congress authorized General Gates to dismiss all the supernumer-
ary staff officers in the district under his command.

August 12, 1778. Congress allowed $500 to every officer whose duty required him
to be mounted and whose horse was killed in battle.

November 2J+, 1778.

Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall
receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra
ration heretofore allowed them.

December 19, 1778. Messrs. Duane, Laurens, Ellsworth, Gerry and M. Smith, con-
stituted a committee to confer with the Commander in Chief and the principal offi-
cers of the staff on ways and means of retrenching the expenses of the Army.

April 14, 1779. The subsistence money allowed having become insufficient by
reason of the rapid increase of the necessaries of life, Congress recommended that
the several legislatures supply the officers of their respective States, at the expense
of the United States, with West India rum at $ of a dollar a gallon, muscovado sugar
at a dollar per pound, coffee at \ a dollar a pound, tea at 1| dollars per pound, and
chocolate at \ a dollar per pound.

May 11, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who serve with the Aiinv
shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line,
provided they engage for a year or longer.

June 12, 1779.

The Board of War having reported a form of a commission for offi-
cers of the staff, the same was read and agreed to, as follows:

"The United States of America in Congress assembled, to

, greeting:

" We, reposing especial trust and confidence in your patriotism,
prudence, and fidelity, do by these presents constitute and appoint you

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 15

to be . You are therefore faithfully and diligentty to discharge

the duty of by doing and performing all manner of things

thereunto belonging. And you are to observe and follow such orders
and directions, from time to time, as you shall receive from this or a
future Congress of the United States, or committee of Congress for
that purpose appointed, a committee of the States, or Commander in
Chief for the time being of the Army of the United States, or any
other your superior officer, according to the rules and discipline of
war, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you. This commission to
continue in force until revoked by this or a future Congress, the com-
mittee of Congress before mentioned, or a committee of the States.

"Witness , President of the Congress of the United

States of America, at , the day of , and in the

year of our independence.

"Entered in the War Office, and examined by the Board.

"Secretary of the Board of War."

August 11, 1779.

Resolved, That the half pay provided by the resolution of the 15th
of May, 1778, be extended to continue for life; and that the holding
of a civil office under the United States, or any of them, shall be no
bar to prevent any officer from receiving the same.

August 18, 1779.

Resolved?, That, until the further order of Congress, the said officers
of the Army be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence
money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel . . . 500 dollars;
lieutenant-colonel 400 dollars; every major . . . 300 dollars;
every captain 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign . . . 100
dollars.

Resolved, That, until the further order of Congress, the sum of 10
dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly
for their subsistence, in lieu of those articles of food originally
intended for them and not furnished.

August 18, 1779. The Journals state that Congress proceeded to the consideration
of a report for a further allowance to the officers of the Army (committee consisted
of Messrs. Duane, Smith, Morris, Laurens and Drayton), and

" Resolred, That until the further order of Congress the said officers be entitled to
receive monthly for their subsistence money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel
and brigade chaplain, 500 dollars; every lieutenant-colonel, 400 dollars; every major
and regimental surgeon, 300 dollars; every captain, 200 dollars; every lieutenant,
ensign, and surgeon's mate, 100 dollars.

" Renolved, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 dollars be paid
to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence in lieu
of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished."

October 2, 1779. "The following are the uniforms that have been determined for
the troops of these States, respectively, as soon as the state of the public supplies will
permit"their being furnished accordingly, and in the meantime it is recommended to
the officers to endeavor to accommodate their uniforms to this standard; that when
the men come to be supplied there may l)e a proper uniformity:

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut: Blue, faced with
white; buttons and lining, white.

New York, New Jersey: Blue, faced with buff; white lining and buttons.

Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia: Blue, faced with red; buttons and
lining, white.

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia: Blue, hoed with blue; buttonholes,
edged with narrow white lace or tape; buttons and lining, white.

16 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Artillery and artillery artificers: Blue, faced with scarlet; scarlet lining; yellow
buttons; yellow-bound hats; coats edged with narrow lace or tape, and buttonholes
bound with the same.

Light dragoons: The whole, blue faced with white; white buttons and linings.
(Orders, General Headquarters, Moure's House.)

November 25, 1779.

Resolved, That the following articles be delivered as a suit of clothes
for the current and every succeeding year of their service to the
officers of the . . . staff entitled by any resolution of Congress
to receive the same, viz:

One hat, one watch coat, one body coat, four vests (one for winter
and three for summer), four pair of breeches (two for winter and two
for summer), four shirts, four stocks, six pairs of stockings (three
pairs thereof worsted and three of thread), four pairs of shoes.

*******

That all clothing issued to noncommissioned officers and soldiers,
enlisted artificers . . . beyond that allowed to them as a bounty,
shall also be valued and paid for at the rate before mentioned; but no
noncommissioned officer, soldier, . . . artificer shall be entitled
to purchase in any one year, out of the public store, any other addi-
tional articles than those of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not more
of these than are absolutely necessary, and not exceeding the number
of the like articles allowed as their bounty clothing.

That ... all clothing to staff officers [shall be issued] on the
certificate of their principal with the Army or in the district within
which the}' shall serve . . .

That no staff officer, artificer, or wagoner, not being engaged for at
least one year, shall receive clothing; and if any such officer, artificer,
or wagoner, being engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such
clothing, shall quit the service before the expiration of the term for
which he or they are or shall be engaged, he or they shall forfeit and
pay the full value of such clothing, and be subject to all other penal-
ties and inconveniences attending his or their breach of contract or
desertion.

January 8, 1780.

Resolved, That every officer of the Army of the United States
whose duty requires his being on horseback in time of action be
allowed a sum not exceeding the average price given at the time, in
the department or place where the accident shall happen, for horses
purchased for private dragoons, as a compensation for any horse he
shall have killed in battle; this resolution to have retrospect as far as
the 1st of January, 1779; and the Quartermaster-General, or his dep-
uty, is hereby authorized to pay the value of such horses, not exceeding
the said price, to the respective sufferers, on the facts being properly
authenticated.

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 17

January 90, 17S0. A board of commissioners (one of whom to be a member of Con-
gress) was appointed to inquire into the expenses of the staff departments, to dis-
charge supernumerary and delinquent officers and men, to stop all issues of rations
and other supplies not indispensably necessary for the service; any two of them, in
conjunction with General Washington, to adopt any proper measures for promoting
economy in those departments. January 21 Congress elected Mr. Schuyler and
Colonel Pickering, and January 22 General Thomas Mifflin.

March 11, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That every officer who by such regulation [of
the Commander in Chief] shall be entitled to a servant, and who shall
enlist, to serve during the war, a youth not under fifteen nor exceed-
ing eighteen }^ears of age, and who from appearances is likely to prove
an able-bodied soldier, such officer shall retain the youth so enlisted
as his servant, until, in the opinion of the Inspector-General, or one of
the subinspectors, he shall be fit to bear arms, and the youth shall
receive the bounty monejr, clothing, pay, and rations of a soldier; and
the officer to whom such servant shall be attached is not to be allowed
a man out of the ranks, on any pretense whatsoever, while such serv-
ant remains with him . . . The like allowance of clothing, pay,
and rations shall be given to any officer entitled as aforesaid to a serv-
ant who shall bring into the field with him a servant of his own . . .

April 10, 1780.

Resolved, That when Congress shall be furnished with proper docu-
ments to liquidate the depreciation of the continental bills of credit,
they will, as soon thereafter as the state of the public finances will
admit, make good to the lines of the Army, and the independent corps
thereof, the deficiency of their original pay, occasioned by such depre-
ciation; and that the money and articles heretofore paid or furnished,
or hereafter to be paid or furnished by Congress or the States, or any
of them, as for pay, subsistence, or to compensate for deficient^, shall
be deemed as advanced on account, until such liquidation as aforesaid
shall be adjusted, it being the determination of Congress that all the
troops serving in the Continental Army shall be placed on an equal
footing: Provided, That no person shall have any benefit of this reso-
lution except such as were engaged during the war, or for three
years, and are now in service, or shall hereafter engage during the
war for three years and are now in service, or shall hereafter engage
during the war.

April 13, 1780. Messrs. Schuyler, Matthews and Peabody constituted a committee
to confer with General Washington and the chiefs of departments, with a view to
remedying defects and perfecting the arrangement of the several staff departments.

Af/ril 14, 1780. Congress tendered their thanks to General Mifflin and Colonel
Pickering for their attention to the business committed to them, manifested in their
plan for the arrangements of the staff departments, which has been referred to a
committee (Messrs. Schuyler, Matthews and Peabody), who are to consult the Com-
mander in Chief and the heads of the staff departments.

June 14, 1780. General Gates was authorized to appoint all staff officers necessary
for the organization of the Southern Army.

S. Doc. 229 2

18 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

June 18, 1780. "As it is at all times of great importance, both for the sake of
appearance and for the regularity of service, that the different military ranks should
be distinguished from each other and more especially at present, the Commander
in Chief has thought proper to establish the following distinctions and strongly
recommends it to all the officers to endeavor to conform to them as speedily as
possible: The major-generals to wear a blue coat with buff facings and linings,
yellow buttons, white or buff under cloth, two epaulettes, with two stars upon each,
and a black and white feather in the hat. The brigadier-generals, the same uniform
as the major-generals with the difference of one star instead of two and a white
feather. The colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and majors, the uniforms of their regi-
ments and two epaulettes. The captains, the uniforms of their regiments and an
epaulette on the right shoulder. The subalterns, the uniform of their regiment and
an epaulette on the left shoulder. The aides-de-camp, the uniforms of their ranks
and corps, or if they belong to no corps, of their general officers. Those of the major-
generals and brigadier-generals to have a green feather in the hat; those of the
Commander in Chief, a white and green. The inspectors as well sub as brigade
the uniforms of their ranks and corps with a blue feather in the hat. The Corps of
Engineers and that of sappers and miners, a blue coat with buff facings, red lining,
buff under cloth, and the epaulettes of their respective ranks. Such of the staff as
have military rank to wear the uniforms of their ranks and of the corps to which
they belong in the line; such as have no military rank to wear plain coats with
cockade and sword. All officers, as well warrant as commissioned, to wear a cockade
and side arms, either a sword or genteel bayonet. The general recommends it to the
officers as far as practicable to provide themselves with the uniforms prescribed for

their respective corps by the regulations of , published in general orders, the

2d of October last." (Orders, General Headquarters, Short Hills.)

July 14, 1780. "It was omitted in the general order of the 18th of June last to
mention that the Adjutant-General and his assistants are to wear a red and green
feather in their hats and the uniforms of their corps. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Pracaness. )

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That any of the said officers entitled to forage,
who shall keep their horses at their own expense, when in camp, or
when absent from the Army on public service, shall be allowed as
much daily for the forage so found as shall be certified by the deputy
quartermaster of the State in which the Arm} 7 may be, to be the net
current cost of a ration of forage, every officer claiming such payment
producing a certificate from the forage master, from whom he usually
draws* that he had not drawn forage from him during the time charged
for, and certifying upon honor that he hath drawn no public forage
whatever during the said time, on which a certificate shall pass from
the commissary of forage, or deputy, to the Quartermaster-General's
auditor, for settlement of the same, not exceeding the current net cost
of the ration as settled by the quartermaster of the State: Provided,
That no officer on furlough shall be entitled to draw forage or paj^ for
the same for any time he is absent beyond the time allowed him by
his furlough.

July 19, 1780. "The feathers directed to be worn by major-generals are to have
the white below, the black above. It will be best to have one feather, the upper
part black. It is recommended to the officers to have black and white cockades
a black ground with a white relief emblematic of the expected union of the two
armies." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.)

August 12, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the officers (of the Army) shall hereafter
be allowed five dollars per month in the said new bills [emission of
March 18, 1780] for each retained ration.

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 19

Thrt the provisions for granting lands by the resolution of Septem-
ber 16, 1770. be, and is hereby, extended to the general officers, in the
following proportion: To a major-general, 1,100 acres; a brigadier-
general. 850 acres.

August H, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That if it shall appear that the subsistence
money allowed to officers in lieu of the rations withheld is not equal to
the cost of the rations, the deficiency shall hereafter be made up to them.

Resolved, . . . That the resolution of the 15th da}^ of May,
1778, granting half pay for seven years to the officers of the Army
who should continue in service to the end of the war, be extended to
the widows of those officers who have died or shall hereafter die in the
service; to commence from the time of such officers' death, and con-
tinue for the term of seven years; or if there be no widow, or in case
of her death or intermarriage, the said half pay be given to the orphan
children of the officer dying as aforesaid, if he shall have left any, and
that it be recommended to the legislatures of the respective States to
which such officers belong, to make provision for paying the same, on
account of the United States.

That the restricting clause in the resolution of May 15, 1778, grant-
ing half pay to the officers for seven years, expressed in these words,
viz, "And not hold any office of profit under these States, or any of
them," be, and is hereby, repealed.

August 29, 1780. "As black and red feathers have been furnished the division of
light infantry to distinguish it from the rest of the Army, they are not to be worn by
any officers or soldiers but those who belong to it." {Orders, General Headquarters,
Team. Neck.)

November 29, 1780.

Resolved, That the act of Congress of the 8th of January last, pro-
viding for the payment of officers' horses killed in action, be extended
to such officers entitled to keep them who shall have their horses
wounded and disabled in action, provided the horses so wounded and
disabled be delivered to the department of the Quartermaster-General.

January 26, 1781.

Resolved, That the allowance of five dollars per month to the officers
of the Army for each retained ration, granted by an act of the 12th of
August last, shall commence on the 1st day of August, 1780.

June 13, 1781. Congress declared that until it shall be able to liquidate the depre-
ciation of the continental bill of credit, on the principles established in the resolution
of April 10, 1780, that the money paid by the States to compensate officers of the
Army shall be deemed as advanced on account until adjustment by Congress of such
liquidation.

September -SO, 1781. "All officers and others are strictly forbid, for obvious reasons,
to wear red coats." (Orders, General Headquarters, Secretary' i Quarter.)

October 80, 1781. "In pursuance of the determination of a board of general officers
Betting forth the means by which the officers of the Army may receive a general benefit
from that article of the Capitulation which entitles them to a right of preemption
of the good- in the po s s essi on of the traders in York and Gloucester, at the time of
the surrender of these posts, the Commander in Chief is pleased to direct that every
officer who came here with this Army (coming under the following description)
receive on account of his pav to the amount of twenty pounds (dollars, at six shil-
lings) each, viz: * * * The officers of the hospital, * * * the Quartermaster-
General, the Commissary-General, and their deputies; hut not to include the deputies

20 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

of deputies. * * * Heads of departments not connected with brigades are them-
selves to purchase for the persons entitled or give written authority to one person in
their respective departments to do it for them. The brigades and corps, having
balloted for priority of purchase, are to be served in the following order, viz: * * *
7, sappers and miners; 8, 9, 10, the Quarter [master] 's, Commissary's, and Hospital
departments. * * * The persons appointed to purchase for each brigade and
separate department will have a certificate of their appointment from Major-General
St. Clair. * * * The regimental paymaster to take receipts from each officer, as
so much pay, and transmit an account of the aggregate sum to the Paymaster-General,
to be by him charged to the regiment. Where officers are unconnected with bri-
gades, their amounts to be transmitted to the Paymaster-General by the general
officers to whom they are attached and the heads of departments to which they
belong. Until the purchases aboveauthorized are completed and the same announced
by a general order, no person whatever is permitted to purchase on private account. ' '
( Orders, General Headquarters, New York. )

January 19, 1782. " Commanding officers of * * * corps are not in future to
furnish servants or waggoners from their corps on any pretext whatever, without an
express order from the Commander in Chief or officer commanding the Army. Officers
actually belonging to * * * corps and serving with them are to be allowed
servants from their respective corps, in the following proportions, viz: * * * No
* * * doctor to take a convalescent from the hospital for a servant on pain of
being tried by a court-martial. The general and military staff and officers not
belonging to corps are to be allowed servants in the following proportions, and when
they are not otherwise provided may take them from the Army, viz: Major-general,
four servants; brigadier-general, four servants; colonel, two servants ( without arms) ;
lieutenant-colonel, one servant (without arms); major, one servant (without arms);
captain, one servant (without arms); aide-de-camp, one servant (without arms);
major of brigade, one servant (without arms). {Orders, General Headquarters, Phila-
delphia. )

April 8, 1782.

Resolved, That . . . the Secretary at War . . . issue his
warrants ... to the head of each department for the pay and
rations due to each department; that the accounts for the pa}^ and
rations of . . . each department in the Army from January 1,
1782, shall be made out at the end of every month, and be transmitted
to the War Office for examination and warrants.

That the manner of making the paj'ments, of keeping the accounts,
. . . be regulated by the Secretary at War.

April 10, 1782.

-Resolved, . . . That estimates and returns from the different
departments be lodged at the War Office, to be examined and approved
of by the Secretary at War.

April 22, 1782.

Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves
of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or
allowances to officers, over and above their pay and what they are enti-
tled to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are
hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each
officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . .
affixed to their several ranks, viz:

A colonel 2 rations per day; 12 60/90 dollars per month.

A lieutenant-colonel. 1 do. ; 11 do.

Major 1 J do. ; 8 do.

Captain 1 do. ; 6 30/90 do.

Subaltern 1 do. ; 3 15/90 do.

* * *

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 21

All officers in the line of the Army employed in any of the staff
departments shall be entitled, while acting therein, to draw the same
number of rations and like subsistence to which they are entitled by
their ranks in the Army; and when any persons, not in the line of the
Army, are employed in any of the staff departments, they shall be
entitled to draw the same number of rations and subsistence as officers
of the line acting in similar stations in the stall' with them are entitled
to draw.

No compensation shall hereafter be made to those officers who may
neglect to draw rations to which they are entitled.

August 7, 1182. "Honorary badges of distinction are to be conferred on the veteran
noncommissioned officers and soldiers of the Army, who have served more than
three years with bravery, fidelity, and good conduct; for this purpose a narrow piece
of white cloth of an angular form is to be fixed to the left arm on the uniform coats.
Noncommissioned officers and soldiers, who have served with equal reputation more
than six years, are to be distinguished by two pieces of cloth set on parallel to each
other in a similar form."

"The general, ever desirous to cherish virtuous ambition in his soldiers, as well
as to foster and encourage every species of military merit, directs that whenever any
singularly meritorious action is performed, the author of it shall be permitted to
wear on his facings over the left breast, the figure of a heart in purple cloth or silk,
edged with narrow lace or binding." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

August 11, 1782. "The badges which noncommissioned officers and soldiers are
permitted to wear on the left arm, as a mark of long and faithful service, are to be of
the same color, with the facings of the corps they belong to, and not white in every
instance as directed in the orders of the 7th instant." ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Newburgh. )

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That any of the officers entitled to forage, who
shall keep their horses at their own expense, shall be paid therefor by
the Quartermaster-General at the average price given by him for the
forage of the Army.

December 3, 1782.

Resolved, That after the last day of December inst., in lieu of the
rations hitherto allowed to officers of the Army, including those for
servants, they shall be allowed subsistence money at the rate of four
dollars per month for each ration; provided that where circumstances
in any ease shall not permit the payment of such subsistence money,
they shall draw their rations as heretofore.

December 6, 1782. "The honorable Secretary at War having been pleased to direct
that the uniform of the American cavalry and infantry shall in future he hlne ground
with red facings and white linings and buttons, the General gives this early notice
that provision may be made accordingly before the Army shall receive their clothing
for the present year. The Corps of Artillery is to retain the present uniform, and the
suppers and miners will have the same." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

December 13, 1782.

AVW/vv/. Thai every officer whose duty requires bis being on horse-
back who shall have his horse killed, or wounded, or disabled by the
enemy, or whose horse shall fall into the enemy's bands without his
own manifest fault or misconduct, shall be entitled to receive from the
Quartermaster-General or his deputy the just value of such horse, to
be tippraised on oath, or on honor of the appraisers, it' commissioned
officers, provided the same does not exceed 120 dollars; provided also,

22 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

that if the wounded or disabled horse be brought off, he shall be deliv-
ered to some officer in the Quartermaster's Department, whose certifi-
cate shall be necessar}^ to entitle the owner to compensation: provided
also, that before any compensation shall be made for horses lost in the
manner before mentioned, the necessary facts shall be proved to the
satisfaction of the Quartermaster-General or his deputy. . . . This
resolution to have retrospect to the first of January, 1779; this resolu-
tion not to extend to officers who have already received compensation
for horses lost since that day.

December 15, 1782. " By the order of the 6th instant respecting uniformity of
clothing for the Army, the General did not propose that the coats should all be made
in the same mode; on the contrary, he wishes commanding officers of the different
lines and corps would agree among themselves on such distinctions as may be deemed
proper in the fashion of the lapels, cuffs, buttons, &c." {Orders, General Headquar-
ters, Newburgh. )

January 3, 1783. "Duplicate accounts of the subsistence of departments and gen-
eral officer's family, to be signed by the heads of the departments and general officer."
{Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

February 21, 1783.

Whereas sundry officers in the Army of the United States have been
taken from the line to act in the departments of the general staff, and
are entitled to additional pay in consequence thereof:

Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several
States, to whom such officers respectively belong, to adjust and dis-
charge, on account of the United States, the deficiencies on the addi-
tional pay to which they are entitled by the resolutions of Congress, in
the same manner and to the same time they settle their accounts as
officers of the line.

February 24, -1783. "The nonarrival of the clothing expected from Europe renders
the greatest economy in that article doubly necessary. The Commander in Chief
therefore recommends that the business of turning and repairing the coats of last year
should now be considered as a primary object, in doing which a certain model as to
the fashion and length (for the coats ought to be made something shorter than at
present) will be established by the commanding officer of the corps, from which
there must be no deviation. . . It is expected scarlet cloth for cuffs, capes, and per-
haps half facings will be furnished, as the Secretary at War has been pleased to give
assurances that he will cause a quantity of that cloth, together with a sufficiency of
thread, to l^e immediately forwarded from Philadelphia, if possible." ( Orders, General
Headquarters, Newburgh. )

March 3, 1783. " Notwithstanding the proposed alteration in the uniform of the
infantry and cavalry, it appears necessary, from the inevitable circumstances, that all
the light infantry companies should be clothed in blue coats, faced with white, until
further orders. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

March n, 1783.

Resolved, That such officers as are now in service, and shall continue
therein to the end of the war, shall be entitled to receive the amount
of five years' full pay in money, or securities on interest at six per
cent per annum, as Congress shall find most convenient, instead of the
half pav promised for life by the resolution of the 21st day of Octo-
ber, 1780. . . .

April 14, 1783. "The regiments which have not turned and repaired their coats are
to draw lots for the scarlet cloth which arrived yesterday. Such corps as can not n< w
be supplied must retain their old uniform. Everything that can be done previous to
the first of May to make the troops appear respectable ought to be attempted. An
extra allowance of one ration per coat will be made for every regimental coat that
has or shall be turned." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 23

September 17, 1783.

Whereas the legislatures, as well as the citizens of several States, are
opposed to the allowance of half pay to officers of the Army, and also
to the commutation made by an act of Congress of 22d March last;
and it is the request of the delegates of such States that the legislatures
thereof may have an opportunity of effecting a compromise with the
officers of their respective lines, and of enabling them to retain the
affection and esteem of their fellow-citizens:

Resolved, That the Secretary at War be directed to transmit to the
legislatures of the States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Provi-
dence Plantations, and of such other States as may apply for the same,
a list of the officers belonging to such States, respectively, to whom
half pay or the commutation had been promised by Congress, . . ;
in order that the said legislatures, if they shall deem it expedient, may
reward the services of the said officers in a way that shall be mutually
agreeable to them: . . . Provided, That such officers as may not
accept the proposals of their respective States for rewarding their
services aforesaid shall be, nevertheless, entitled to the commutation
and every other emolument granted them by act of Congress.

September 86 1 1783.

Resolved, That the Commander in Chief be authorized and directed
to grant furloughs to such of the general, medical, and staff officers
and the officers of the engineers whose services are not, in his opinion,
necessary for the troops remaining in actual service.

September 30, 1783.

Resolved, That the Secretary of War issue to all officers in the Army
under the rank of major-general who hold the same rank now that they
held in the year 1777 a brevet commission one grade higher than their
present rank, having respect to their seniority. . . .

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of June 1, 1789 (1 Stats., 23).

AN ACT to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths.

That the oath or affirmation required by the sixth article of the
Constitution of the United States snail be administered in the form
following, to wit: " I, A B, do solemly swear (or affirm, as the case may
be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States." . . .

* * *

Sec. 4. That all officers appointed, or hereafter to be appointed
under the authority of the united States, shall, before they act in
their respective offices, take the same oath or affirmation, which shall
be administered by the person or persons who shall be authorized by
law to administer to such officers their respective oaths of office; and
such officers shall incur the same penalties in case of failure as shall
be imposed by law in case of failure in taking their respective oaths
of office.

24 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of June 7, 1794 (1 Stats., 390).

AN ACT in addition to the "Act for making further and more effectual provision
for the protection of the frontiers of the United States. ' '

Sec 1. That if any commissioned officer . . . shall, while in
the service of the United States, die by reason of wounds received in
actual service of the United States, and shall leave a widow, or if no
widow, shall leave a child or children under age, such widow, or if no
widow, such child or children, shall be entitled to and receive the half
of the monthly pay to which the deceased was entitled at the time of
his death, for and during the term of five years; and in case of the
death or intermarriage of such widow, before the expiration of the
said term of five years, the half pay for the remainder of the term,
shall go to the child or children of such deceased officer, while under
the age of sixteen years, and, in like manner, the allowance to the
child or children of such deceased, where there is no widow, shall be
paid no longer than while there is a child or children under the age
aforesaid: Provided, That no greater sum shall be allowed in any case,
to the widow or to the child or children of any officer, than the half
pay of a lieutenant-colonel.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stats., 430).

AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United

States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject.

x- * *

Sec. 13. That if any officer . . . shall be wounded or disabled
while in the line of his duty in public service he shall be placed on
the list of the invalids of the United States, at such rate of pay and
under such regulations as shall be directed by the President of the
United States for the time being: Provided always, That the rate of
compensation to be allowed for such wounds or disabilities to a com-
missioned officer shall never exceed for the highest disability half the
monthly pay of such officer at the time of his being so disabled or '
wounded: . . . And provided also, That all inferior disabilities
shall entitle the person so disabled to receive an allowance propor-
tionate to the highest disability.

Act of May 12, 1796 (1 Stats., 4.63).

AN ACT allowing compensation for horses killed in battle belonging to officers of
the Army of the United States.

Sec. 1. That every officer in the Army of the United States whose
duty requires him to be on horseback in time of action, and whoso
horse shall be killed in battle, be allowed a sum not exceeding two hun-
dred dollars as a compensation for each horse killed.

Sec. 2. That the provision contained in this act shall have retrospec-
tive operation as far as the fourth day of March in the year one thou-
sand seven hundred and eighty-nine. . . .

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 25

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749).

AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to fill certain vacancies in

the Army and Navy.

That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereb}-,
authorized to make appointments to till any vacancies in the
Army . . . which ma}^ have happened during the present session
of the Senate.

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).

AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows,
to wit: ... to each colonel, seventy -five dollars; to each lieu-
tenant-colonel, sixty dollars; to each major, fifty dollars;
to each captain, forty dollars; to each first lieutenant, thirty dollars;
to each second lieutenant, twenty-five dollars; . . .

Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to
receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of
provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations;
a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two
rations ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said offi-
cers ... at the posts, respectively, when the rations shall become
due; and if at such post supplies are not furnished by contract, then
such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to for-
mer contracts, and the position of the place in question: . . . ;
and to every commissioned officer who snail keep one servant, not a
soldier of the line, one additional ration.

* * *

Sec. 7. That the following officers shall, whenever forage is not
furnished -by the public, receive at the rate of the following sums per
month in lieu thereof: Each colonel, twelve dollars; each lieutenant-
colonel, eleven dollars; each major, ten dollars; . . . each surgeon,
ten dollars, and each surgeon's mate, six dollars.

* * *

Sec. 14. That if any officer ... in the corps composing the
peace establishment shall be disabled by wounds or otherwise while in
the line of his duty in public service, he shall be placed on the list of
invalids of the United States, at such rate of pay and under such regu-
lations as may be directed by the President of the United States for
the time being: Provided al/wa/y8, That the compensation to be allowed
for such wounds or disabilities to a commissioned officer shall not
exceed for the highest disability half the monthly pay of such officer
at the time of his being disabled or wounded, and that no officer .shall
receive more than the half pay of a lieutenant-colonel: . . . And
provided 'also, That all inferior disabilities shall entitle the person so
disabled to receive an allowance proportionate to the highest disability.

Sec. 15. That if any commissioned officer in the military peace
establishment of the United States shall, while in the service of the
United States, <iie by reason of any wound received in actual service
of the United States, and leave a widow, or if no widow a chil d or
children under sixteen years ot age, such widow, or if no widow such

26 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAEP OP TT. S. ARMY.

child or children, shall be entitled to and receive half the monthly, pay
to which the deceased was entitled at the time of his death, for and dur-
ing the term of five j r ears. But in case of the death or intermarriage
of such widow before the expiration of the said term of five years, the
half pay for the remainder of the time shall go to the child or children
of such deceased officer: Provided always, That such half pay shall
cease on the decease of such child or children.

Act of April 12, 1808 (2 Stats., 481).

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an addititional military force.

* * *

Sec. 6. That the subsistence of the officers of the Army, when not
received in kind, shall be estimated at twenty cents per ration.

* * *

Act of January 11, 18 m (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the subsistence of the officers of the Army, when not
received in kind, shall be estimated at twenty cents per ration.

* * *

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784).

AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the President is hereby authorized to confer brevet
rank on such officers of the Army as shall distinguish themselves by
gallant actions or meritorious conduct, or who shall have served ten
years in any one grade: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall
be so construed as to entitle officers so brevetted to any additional pay
or emoluments. . . .

Sec. 5. That the officers who shall not take waiters from the line of
the Army shall receive the pay, clothing, and subsistence allowed to
a private soldier for as many waiters as they may actually keep, not
exceeding the number allowed by existing regulations.

January 11, 1812 {2-671). Reenacts sections 14 and 15 of act of March 16, 1802.

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 819).

AN ACT for the oett r organization of the general staff of the Army of the United

States.

* * *

Sec. 4. . . . And officers taken from the line and transferred to
the staff shall receive only the pay and emoluments attached to the
rank in the staff; but their transfer shall be without prejudice to their
rank and promotion in the line according to their said rank and
seniority, which promotion shall take place according to usage, in the
same manner as if they had not been thus transferred.

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 27

Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the War
Department, and he is hereby authorized, to prepare general regula-
tions better denning and prescribing the respective duties and powers
of the several officers in . . . the general . . . staff, which
regulations, when approved by the President of the United States,
shall be respected and obeyed until altered or revoked by the same
authority; and the said general regulations, thus prepared and
approved, shall be laid before Congress at their next session.

Act of July $&, 1813 {3 Stats., 34).

AN ACT to regulate the allowance of forage to officers in the Army of the United

States.

That all officers in the military service of the United States who
are by law entitled to forage shall receive in lieu thereof when not
drawn in kind an equivalent in money, at the rate of eight dollars per
month for each horse to which they may be entitled: Provided,
That no allowance shall be made to any officer for more horses than
he shall actually employ in the public service.

Act of March 30, 18 U (3 Stats., 113).

AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United

States.

Sec. 9. That from and after the first day of June next the officers of
the Army shall be entitled to waiters agreeable to grade, as follows:

. . . Every commissioned officer who holds a staff appointment
which gives the rank of captain, or any higher grade, one. . . .

Sec. 10. That no officer shall be permitted to employ as a servant
any soldier from the line of the Army, and that the servants of officers,
not exceeding the number allowed by the preceding section, shall be
mustered with the same corps of the Army, and that on the muster
rolls formed in consequence thereof payments shall be made in money
to the officers employing them in lieu of wages, subsistence, and cloth-
ing, by the paymasters of the several corps or districts where such
servants are mustered, at the rate allowed to privates of infantry,
which shall be published to the Army annually by the Secretary for
the Department of War.

Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., Mf).
AN ACT fixing the military j>eace establishment of the United States.

Sec. 6. That to each commissioned officer who shall be deranged by
virtue of this act the*re shall be allowed and paid, in addition to the
pay and emoluments to which they will be entitled by law at the time
of his discharge, three months' pay.

28 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF XT. S. ARMY.

Act of April U, IS 16 (3 Stats, 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the
Army of the United States.

Sec. 9. That the several officers of the staff shall respectively receive
the pay and emoluments and retain all the privileges secured to the
staff of the Army by the act of March third, one thousand eight
hundred and thirteen, and not incompatible with the provisions of this
act; and that the regulations in force before the reduction of the Army
be recognized, as far as the same shall be found applicable to the serv-
ice, subject, however, to such alterations as the Secretar}' of War may
adopt, with the approbation of the President.

Sec. 10. That . . . hereafter the staff of the Army may be
taken from the line of the Army, or from citizens.
* * *

Sec. 12. That when forage is not drawn in kind by officers of the
Army entitled thereto, eight dollars per month for each horse, not
exceeding the number authorized by existing regulations, shall be
allowed in lieu thereof: Provided, That neither forage nor money
shall be drawn by officers but for horses actually kept b} r them in
service: Provided also, That none except company officers shall be
allowed to take as servants or waiters soldiers of the Army, and that
all officers be allowed, for each private servant actually kept in serv-
ice, not exceeding the number authorized by existing regulations, the
pay, rations, and clothing of a private soldier, or money in lieu thereof,
on a certificate setting forth the name and description of the servant
or servants in the pay account. . . .

Act of March 3, 1817 (3 Stats., 394).

AN ACT to amend an Act entitled "An Act making further provision for military
services during the late war, and for other purposes."

x- ;: -;:-

Sec. 2. That the provisions contained in an Act, entitled "An Act
fixing the military peace establishment of the United States," passed
on the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, grant-
ing to the commissioned officers of the Regular Army, who were
deranged by said Act, three months' pay in addition to the pay and
emoluments to which they were entitled b}* law at the time of their
discharge, shall equally extend to . . . warrant officers of the
staff of the Regular Army, who were deranged by the before recited
Act, except those provisionally retained by the President of the United

States.

* * *

Act of March 18, 1818 (3 Stats., 410).

AN ACT to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the
United States, in the Revolutionary War.

That every commissioned officer, noncommissioned officer . . .
who served in the War of the Revolution until the end thereof, or for
the term of nine months, or longer, at any period of the war, on the

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 29

Continental establishment . . . who is } r et a resident of the United
States, and who is, or hereafter, by reason of his reduced circumstances
in life, shall be, in need of assistance from his country for support,
and shall have substantiated his claim to a pension in the manner herein
directed, shall receive a pension from the United States; if an officer,
of twenty dollars per month during life; if a noncommissioned officer
. . . of eight dollars per month during life; Provided, No person
shall be entitled to the provisions of this Act, until he shall have relin-
quished his claim to every pension heretofore allowed him by the laws
of the United States.

Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 426).

AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army.

* * *

Sec. 4. That to each commissioned officer who shall be deranged by
virtue of this Act, there shall be allowed and paid, in addition to the
pay and emoluments to which they will be entitled by law, at the time
of their discharge, three months' pay and emoluments. . .

ft -X- *

Act of April 16, 1818 (3 Stats., J$7).

AN ACT regulating the pay and emoluments of brevet officers^

-X- # ::-

Sec. 2. That no brevet commission shall hereafter be conferred but
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Act of May 1, 1820 (3 Stats., 567).

A X ACT in addition to the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the
Treasury, War, and Navy Departments.

* * tt

Sec. <>. That no contract 1 shall hereafter be made by the Secretary
. . . of the Department of War, . . . except under a law
authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its ful-
filment. . . .

. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 266).

AX ACT to increase the j. resent military establishment of the United States, and

for other purposes.

* * ->:

Sec. L5. That every commissioned officer of the . .. . staff,
exclusive of general officers, shall be entitled to receive one addi-
tional ration per diem for every five years he may have served or shall
serve in the Army of the United States. . . .

'Excepting contracts for the subsistence and clothing of the Army.

30 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of July 7, 1838 {5 Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth,
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:

First. Nothing contained in the said act shall be so construed as to
allow to any officer additional rations for time past, commonly called

back rations.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1839 (5 Stats., 339).

AN ACT making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Gov-
ernment for the year eighteen hundred and thirty-nine.

* * *

Sec. 3. That no officer in any branch of the public service, or any
other persons whose salaries, or whose pay or emoluments is or are
fixed by law and regulations, shall receive any extra allowance or
compensation in any form whatever for the disbursement of public
money, or the performance of any other service, unless the said extra
allowance or compensation be authorized by law; nor shall any execu-
tive officer, other than the heads of departments, apply more than
thirty dollars, annually, out of the contingent fund under his control,
to paj T for newspapers, pamphlets, periodicals, or other books or prints
not necessary for the business of his office.

Act of August 23, 18 J$ {5 Stats., 508).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army, and of the Military
Academy, for the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-two.

* * *

Sec. 2. That no officer in any branch of the public service, or any
other person whose salary, pay, or emoluments is or are fixed by law
or regulations, shall receive any additional pay, extra allowance, or
compensation, in any form whatever, for the disbursement of public
money, or for any other service or duty whatsoever, unless the same
shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly
set forth that it is for such additional pay, extra allowance, or com-
pensation.

* * *

Act of June 18, 18 4S (9 Stats., 17):

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of
the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 7. . . that appointments ... in the general staff,

which confer equal rank in the Army, shall not be held by the same
officer at the same time; and when any officer of the staff who may
have been taken from the line shall, in virtue of seniority, have

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 31

obtained or be entitled to promotion to a grade in his regiment equal
to the commission he may hold in the staff, the said officer shall vacate
such staff commission, or he ma3 T , at his option, vacate his commission
in the line.

Act of March 3, 184-7 (9 Stats., 188).
AN ACT to establish certain post routes, and for other purposes.

Sec. 4. That all letters, newspapers, and other packets, not exceed-
ing in weight one ounce, directed to any officer ... of the
Army of the United States in Mexico, or at any post or place on the
frontier- of the United States bordering on Mexico, shall be conveyed
in the mail free of postage.

Sec. 5. That the two preceding sections shall continue in force dur-
ing the present war, and for three months after the same may be
terminated, and no longer.

Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 618).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.

. . . Provided, That all promotions in the staff department or
corps shall be made as in other corps of the Army.

Act of August 31, 1852 (10 Stats., 76).

AN ACT making appropriation for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Govern-
ment for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-three,
and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 8. That it shall not be lawful for the officer ... in charge
of any bureau ... in any of the departments of the Govern-
ment to print, or cause to be printed, at the public expense, any report
he may make to the President of the United States, or to the head of
any of the departments.

Act of February 21, 1857 (11 Stats., 163).

AN ACT to increase the pay of the officers of the Army.

That from and after the commencement of the present fiscal year
the pay of each commissioned officer of the Army, including military
storekeepers, shall be increased twenty dollars per month, and that
the commutation price of officers' subsistence shall be thirty cents per
ration.

32 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287).

AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.
* * *

Sec. 15. That any commissioned officer of the Army . . . who
shall have served as such for forty consecutive years, may, upon his
own application to the President of the United States, be placed on
the list of retired officers, with the pay and emolument allowed b}^
this act.

Sec. 16. That if any commissioned officer of the Army . . .
shall have become incapable of performing the duties- of his office, he
shall be placed upon the retired list and withdrawn from active service
and command and from the line of promotion, with the following pay
and emoluments, namely, the pay proper of the highest rank .held by
him at the time of his retirement, whether by staff . . . commis-
sion, and four rations per day, and without any other pay, emoluments,
or allowances. . . .

Sec. 17. That, in order to carry out the provisions of this act, the
Secretary of War, . . . under the direction and approval of the
President of the United States, shall, from time to time, as occasion
may require, assemble a board of not more than nine, nor less than
five commissioned officers, two-fifths of whom shall be of the medical
staff; the board, except those taken from the medical staff, to be com-
posed, as far as may be, of his seniors in rank, to determine the facts
as to the nature and occasion of the disability of such officers as
appear disabled to perform such military service, such board being
hereby invested with the powers of a court of inquiry and court-mar-
tial, and their decision shall be subject to like revision as that of such
courts by the President of the United States.

Sec. 18. That the officers partially retired shall be entitled to wear
the uniform of their respective grades, shall continue to be borne
upon the Army Register, . . . and shall be subject to the rules
and articles of war, and to trial by general court-martial for any
breach of the said articles.

* * *

Sec. 20. That officers of the Army, when absent from their appro-
priate duties for a period exceeding six months, either with or with-
out leave, shall not receive the allowances authorized by the existing
laws for servants, forage, transportation of baggage, fuel, and quar-
ters, either in kind or in commutation.

* * *

Sec. 25. That retired officers of the Army . . . may be
assigned to such duties as the President may deem them capable of
performing, and such as the exigencies of the public service may
require.

Act of August 5, 1861 {12 Stats., 316).

AN ACT making appropriation* for ratifications, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That any commissioned officer of the Army, . . . who,
having tendered his resignation, shall, prior to due notice of the
acceptance of the same by the proper authority, and without leave,

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 33

shall quit his post or proper duties with the intention to remain per-
manently absent therefrom, shall be registered as a deserter and pun-
ished as such.

* * *

Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stats., 502).

AN ACT to prescribe an oath of office, and for other purposes.

That hereafter every person . . . appointed to any office of
honor or profit under the Government of the United States, . . .
in the . . . military, . . . departments of the public service,
excepting the President of the United States, shall, before entering
upon the duties of such office, and before being entitled to any of the
salary or other emoluments thereof, take and subscribe to the following
oath or affirmation: "I, A. B., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I
have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, coun-
tenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hos-
tility thereto; that I have neither sought nor accepted nor attempted
to exercise the functions of any office whatever under any authority or
pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not
yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority,
power, or constitution within the United States, hostile or inimical
thereto. And I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my
knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of
the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will
bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation
freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that
I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I
am about to enter, so help me God;" which said oath, so taken and
signed, shall be preserved among the files of the . . . Department
to which the said office may appertain. And any person who shall
falsely take the said oath shall be guilty of perjury, and on conviction,
in addition to the penalties now prescribed for that offense, shall be
deprived of his office and rendered incapable forever after of holding
any office or place under the United States.

Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 594).

AN ACT to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and for

other purposes.

That officers of the Army entitled to forage for horses shall not be
allowed to commute it, but may draw forage in kind for each horse
actually kept by them when and at the place where they are on duty,
not exceeding the number authorized by law: /*ror!<I<<l, /io/v<>rer, That
when forage in kind can not be furnished by the proper department,
then, and in all such cases, officers entitled to forage may commute
the same BC< ording to existing regulations. . . .

Skc. 2. That major-generals shall be entitled to draw forage in kind
for five horses; brigadier-generals for four horses; colonels, lieu-
tenant-colonels, and majors for two horses each; captains and lieu-
tenants . . . having the cavalry allowance for two horses each.

S. Doc. 229 3

34 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 3. That whenever an officer of the Army shall employ a soldier
for his servant, he shall, for each and every month during which said
soldier shall be so employed, deduct from his own monthly pay the
full amount paid to or expended by the Government per month on
account of said soldier. . . .

Sec. 7. That in lieu of the present rate of mileage allowed to officers
of the Army when travelling on public duty, where transportation in
kind is not furnished to them by the Government, not more than six
cents per mile shall hereafter be allowed, unless where an officer is
ordered from a station east of the Rocky Mountains to one west of the
same mountains, or vice versa, when ten cents per mile shall be allowed
to him; and no officer of the Army ... of the United States shall
be paid mileage except for travel actually performed at his own
expense and in obedience to orders.

* * *

Sec. 12. That whenever the name of any officer of the Army . . .
shall have been borne on the Army Register . . . forty-five years,
or he shall be of the age of sixty -two years, it shall be in the discretion
of the President to retire him . . . ; and the President is hereby
authorized to assign any officer retired under this section or the act of
August third, eighteen hundred and sixtj^-one, to any appropriate
duty; and s-uch officer thus assigned shall receive the full pay and
emoluments of his grade while so assigned and employed.

* * *

March 3, 1863 {12-709). Under section 42 the franking privilege was conferred
on chiefs of bureaus or chief clerks, under regulations to be prescribed by the Post-
master-General. The act of June 1, 1864, authorized franked matter to be conveyed
free of postage without being indorsed ' ' official business ' ' or with the name of the
writer.

June 11, 1864 {13-123). Heads of bureaus prohibited from receiving pay for their
services in any matter where the United States is a party.

Act of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 487)

AN ACT to amend the several acts heretofore passed to provide for the enrolling and
calling out the national forces, and for other purposes.

That the measure of allowance for pay of an officer's servant is the
pay of a private soldier as fixed bj 7 law at the time; that no noncom-
missioned officer shall be detailed or employed to act as a servant, nor
shall any private soldier be so detailed or employed except with his
own consent; that for each soldier employed as a servant by an} 7 officer
there shall be deducted from the monthly pay of such officer the full
monthly pay and allowances of the soldier so employed; and that,
including any soldier or soldiers so emplo3 r ed, no officer shall be
allowed for any greater number of servants than is now provided by
law, nor be allowed for any servant not actually and in fact in his
employ.

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 35

Act of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 495).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
thirtieth June, eighteen hundred and sixty-six. 1

* * *

Sec. 3. That from and after the first day of March, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-five, and during the continuance of the present rebellion,
the commutation price of officers' subsistence shall be fifty cents per
ration : Provided, That said increase shall not apply to the commuta-
tion price of the rations of any officer above the rank of brevet
brigadier-general, or of any officer entitled to commutation for fuel

and quarters.

* * *

Sec. 5. That commissioned officers of the Army, serving in the field,
shall hereafter be permitted to purchase rations for their own use on
credit from any commissary of subsistence at cost prices, and the
amount due for rations so purchased shall be reported monthly to the
Paymaster-General, to be deducted from the payment next following
such purchase. And the Secretary of War is hereby directed to issue
such orders and regulations as he may deem best calculated to insure
the proper observance thereof.

* * *

Act of July 13, 1866 (U Stats., 90).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 8. That the allowance now made by law to officers travelling
under orders where transportation is not furnished in kind shall be
increased to ten cents per mile.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 25. (The Subsistence Department to sell, at cost, to the officers
and men such articles as may be designated from time to time by the
inspectors-general of the Army) and if not paid for when purchased
a true account thereof shall be kept and the amount due the Govern-
ment shall be deducted by the paymaster at the payment next follow-
ing such purchase: Provided, That this section shall not go into effect
until the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven.

* * *

Sec. 32. 2 That officers, of the Regular Army entitled to be retired
on account of disability occasioned by wounds received in battle may
be retired upon the full rank of the command held by them, whether
in the regular or volunteer service at the time such wounds were

received.

* * *

'Section 6 authorizes 1 pound of tobacco per month to be issued to enlisted men at
cost prices exclusive of cost of transportation.
1 Repealed by act of June 10, 1872.

36 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 35. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making
appropriations for the support of the Army for the } r ear ending thir-
tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-six," shall continue in force
for one year from the passage of this act: Provided, That no officer
who is furnished with quarters in kind shall be entitled to receive the
increased commutation of rations hereby authorized.

Act of March 2, 1867 (U State., 1&2).

AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of
the United States, and for other purposes.

* * *

That for two years from the first day of July, eighteen hundred
and sixty -six, all officers of the Army below the rank of major-general
. . . shall be paid an addition of thirty-three and one-third per
centum to their present pay proper; . . .

* * *

Sec. 9. That section fifteen of the "Act to increase the present
military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes,"
approved June fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, be amended
so that general officers shall not hereafter be excluded from receiving
the additional ration for every five years' service; and it is hereby
further provided that officers on the retired list of the Army shall
have the same allowance of additional rations for every five years'
service as officers in active service.

March 2, 1867 {14-434) In computing length of service of any officer, he shall he
credited with the time he actually served, continuously or at different periods, in
the Regular Army, or in the volunteer service since April 19, 1861. First section of
act of March 3, 1865, relativeto pay of an officer's servant, not to he construed as
retrospective or retroactive in its operation.

March 2, 1867 {14-517). Brevet rank may be conferred on officers for gallant,
meritorious or faithful conduct in the volunteer service prior to their appointment in
the Regular Army.

Resolution of July 25, 1868 (IS Stats., 261).

A RESOLUTION granting permission to officers and soldiers to wear the badge of
the corps in which they served during the rebellion.

That all who served as officers, noncommissioned officers, privates,
or other enlisted men in the Regular Army, volunteer or militia forces
of the United States during the war of the rebellion . . . shall be
entitled to wear on occasions of ceremony the distinctive arnry badge
ordered or adopted by the army corps and division, respectively, in
which they served.

March 1, 1869 {15-280). Franking privilege can only be exercised by written
autograph signature.

Act of January 21, 1870 (16 Stats., 62).

AN ACT relating to retired officers of the Army.

That no retired officer of the Army shall hereafter be assign c<l to
duty of any kind, or be entitled to receive more than the pay and

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 37

allowances provided bj r law for retired officers of his grade; and all
such assignments heretofore made shall terminate within thirty days
from the passage of this act.

Resolution of April tf, 1870 (16 Stats., 37%).

A RESOLUTION relating to officers of the Soldiers' Home.

That the law passed January twenty-first, eighteen hundred and
seventy, prohibiting the assignment of retired officers of the Army to
duty shall not apply to officers selected by the Board of Commissioners
of the Soldiers' Home, District of Columbia, for duty at that institu-
tion, such selection being approved by the Secretary of War: Pro-
vided, That they receive from the Government only the pay and
emoluments allowed by law to retired officers.

Act of July IS, 1870 (16 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June
thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, at his
discretion, to place on the retired list of the Army, on their own
application, any commissioned officers who have been thirty years in
the service, and the officers who may be retired by virtue of this sec-
tion shall be entitled to the same pay and emoluments as are now
allowed, or may be hereafter allowed, to officers retired from active

service.

* * *

Sec. 14. . . . it shall be unlawful for any officer to use any
enlisted man as a servant in any case whatever.

* * *

Sec. 24. That the pay of the officers of the Army shall be as follows:
. . . The pay of major-general shall be seven thousand five hundred
dollars; the pay of brigadier-general shall be five thousand five hun-
dred dollars; the pay of colonel shall be three thousand five hundred
dollars; the pay of lieutenant-colonel shall be three thousand dollars;
the pay of major shall be two thousand five hundred dollars; the pay
of captain, mounted, shall be two thousand dollars; . . . the pay
of first lieutenant, mounted, shall be sixteen hundred dollars; . . .
the pay of second lieutenant, mounted, shall be fifteen hundred dollars;
and there shall be allowed and paid to each and every
commissioned officer below the rank of brigadier-general, includ-
ing . . . others having assimilated rank or pay, ten per centum
of their current yearly pay for each and every term of five years of
-en-ice: /'rovided, That the total amount of such increase for length
of service shall in no case exceed forty per centum on the yearly pay
of his grade as established by this act: And provided farther, That
the pay of a colonel shall in no case exceed four thousand five hundred
dollars per annum, nor the pay of a lieutenant-colonel four thousand
dollars per annum, and these sums shall be in full of all commutation
of quarters, fuel, forage, servants' wages and clothing, longevity
rations, and all allowances of every name and nature whatever, and

38 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

shall be paid monthly by the paymaster: Provided, That fuel, quarters,
and forage in kind may be furnished to officers by the Quarter-
master's Department, as now allowed by law and regulations: And
provided further, That when an officer shall travel under orders, and
shall not be furnished transportation by the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, or on a convej^ance belonging to or chartered by the United
States, he shall be allowed ten cents per mile and no more, for each
mile actually by him traveled under such order, distances to be calcu-
lated according to the nearest post routes; and no pa}'ment shall be
made to any officer except by a paymaster of the Army. Officers
retired from active service shall receive seventy -five per centum of the
pay of the rank upon which they are retired.

June 8, 1872 {17-283). Franking privilege conferred on heads of bureaus; privilege
to be exercised by written autograph signature; official communications addressed
to them to pass free of postage. The act of January 31, 1873 (17-421) , abolished the
franking privilege after July 1, 1873, and the act of March 3, 1873 (17-530), provided
for special stamps and envelopes for official business.

Act of June 10, 1872 {17 Stats., 378).

AN ACT relative to retired officers of the Army.

That all officers of the United States Army who may hereafter be
retired shall be retired upon the actual rank held by them at the date
of retirement, and the thirty -second section of the act to increase and
fix the military peace establishment of the United States, approved
July twenty -eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, is hereby repealed.

May8, 1874 {18-43). Officers on duty west of north and south line through
Omaha, Nebr. , and north of line east and west upon southern boundary of Arizona,
allowed 60 days' leave with pay when taken once in 2 years, 3 months' if once in
three years, and 4 months' if once in 4 years.

Act of June 16, 187 J,. (18 Stats., 72).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . That only actual traveling expenses shall be allowed to any
person holding . . . appointment under the United States, and
all allowances for mileages or transportation in excess of the amount
actually paid are hereby declared illegal; . . .

Act of July % 1876 (19 Stats., 97).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy -seven, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That when any officer travels under orders, and is not fur-
nished transportation by the Quartermaster's Department, or on a
conveyance belonging to or chartered by the United States, or on any
railroad on which the troops or supplies of the United States are
entitled to be transported free of charge he shall be allowed eight cents
a mile, . . .

* * *

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 39

REVISED STATUTES SECOND EDITION 1878.

Sec. 1145. Commissioned officers of the Army, serving in the field,
may purchase rations for their own use, from any commissaiy of sub
sistence on credit, at cost prices; and the amounts due for such pur-
chases shall be reported monthly to the Paymaster-General.

* * *

Sec. 1204. . . . Promotions in the staff of the Army shall be
made in the several departments and corps, respectively.

Sec. 1205. Officers may be transferred from the line to the staff of
the Army without prejudice to their rank or promotion in the line;
but no officer shall hold, at the same time, an appointment in the line
and an appointment in the staff which confer equal rank in the Army.
When any officer so transferred has, by virtue of seniority, obtained
or become entitled to a grade in his regiment equal to the grade of his
commission in the staff, he shall vacate either his commission in the
line or his commission in the staff.

* * *

Sec. 1227. All persons who have served as officers, noncommissioned
officers, privates, or other enlisted men, in the Regular Army, volun-
teer, or militia forces of the United States, during the war of the
rebellion, * * * shall be entitled to wear, on occasions of cere-
mony, the distinctive army badge ordered for or adopted by the army
corps and division, respectively, in which they served.

* * *

Sec. 1232. No officer shall use an enlisted man as a servant in any

case whatever.

* * *

Sec. 1243. When an officer has served forty consecutive years as a
commissioned officer, he shall, if he makes application therefor to the
President, he retired from active service and placed upon the retired
list. When an officer has been thirty years in service, he may, upon
his own application, in the discretion of the President, be so retired,
and placed on the retired list.

Sec. 1244. When any officer has served forty -five 3 r ears as a commis-
sioned officer, or is sixty-two years old, he may be retired from active
service at the discretion of the President.

Sec. 1245. When any officer has become incapable of performing
the duties of his office, he shall be either retired from active service,
or wholly retired from the service, by the President, as hereinafter
provided.

Sec. 1246. The Secretary of War, under the direction of the Presi-
dent, shall, from time to time, assemble an army retiring board, con-
sisting of not more than nine nor less than five officers, two-fifths of
whom shall be selected from the medical corps. The board, excepting
i he officers selected from the medical corps, shall be composed, as far
as may be, of seniors in rank to the officer whose disability is inquired of.

* * *

Sec. 1255. Officers retired from active service shall be withdrawn
from . . . the line of promotion.

Sec. 125t). Officers retired from active service shall be entitled to

40 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

wear the uniform of the rank on which thej r may be retired. They
^hall continue to be borne on the Army Register, and shall be subject
to the rules and articles of war, and to trial b} r general court-martial
for any breach thereof.

* * *

Sec. 1259. Retired officers of the Army may be assigned to duty at
the Soldiers' Home, upon a selection by the commissioners of that insti-
tution, approved by the Secretary of War; and a retired officer shall
not be assignable to any other duty: Provided, That they receive from
the Government only the pay and emoluments allowed by law to retired

officers.

* * *

Sec. 1261. The officers of the Army shall be entitled to the pay
herein stated after their respective designations:

* * *

Major-general, seven thousand five hundred dollars a year.
Brigadier-general, five thousand five hundred dollars a year.
Colonel, three thousand five hundred dollars a year.
Lieutenant-colonel, three thousand dollars a year.
Major, two thousand five hundred dollars a year.
Captain, mounted, two thousand dollars a year.

* * *

First lieutenant, mounted, sixteen hundred dollars a year.
Second lieutenant, mounted, fifteen hundred dollars a jear.

* * *

All other storekeepers, two thousand dollars a year.

Sec. 1262. There shall be allowed and paid to each commissioned
officer below the rank of brigadier-general, including . . . others
having assimilated rank or pay, ten per centum of their current j^early
pay for each term of five years of service.

Sec. 1263. The total amount of such increase for length of service
shall in no case exceed forty per centum on the yearly pay of the
grade as provided by law.

Sec. 1264. Brevets conferred upon commissioned officers shall not
entitle them to any increase of pay.

* * *

Sec. 1267. In no case shall the pay of a colonel exceed four thou-
sand five hundred dollars a year, or the pay of a lieutenant-colonel
exceed four thousand dollars a year.

Sec. 1268. The sums hereinbefore allowed shall be paid in monthly
payments by the paymaster.

Sec. 1269. No allowances shall be made to officers in addition to their
pay except as hereinafter provided.

Sec. 1270. Fuel, quarters, and forage may be furnished in kind to
officers, by the Quartermaster's Department, according to law and
regulations: Provided, Iiowever, That when forage in kind can not
be furnished by the proper departments, then and in all such cases
officers- entitled to forage may commute the same according to existing
regulations: . . .

Sec. 1271. Forage in kind may be furnished to officers by the quar-
termasters' corps, as follows:

Major-general, for five horses.

Brigadier-general, for four horses.

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 41

Colonel, for two horses.

Lieutenant-colonel, for two horses.

Major, for two horses.

Captains and lieutenants, mounted, for two horses.

* * *

All other storekeepers, for two horses.

Sec. 1272. Forage shall be allowed to officers only for horses author-
ized by law, and actually kept by them in service when on duty and
at the place where they are on duty.

Sec. 1273. When any officer travels under orders, and is not fur-
nished transportation by the Quartermaster's Department, or on a
conveyance belonging to or chartered by the United States, he shall be
allowed ten cents a mile., and no more, for each mile actually traveled
under such order, distances to be calculated according to the nearest
post routes; and no payment shall be made to any officer except by a
paymaster of the Army.

Sec. 1274. Officers retired from active service shall receive sevent} r -
tive per centum of the pay of the rank upon which they are retired.

* * *

Sec. 1296. The President may prescribe the uniform of the Army
and the quantity and kind of clothing which shall be issued annually
to the troops of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 1299. The amount due from any officer for rations purchased
on credit, or for any articles designated by the inspectors-general of
the Army and purchased on credit from commissaries of subsistence,
shall be deducted from the payment made to him next after such sale
shall have been reported to the Paymaster-General.

* * *

Sec. 1779. No executive officer, other than the heads of Departments,
shall apply more than thirty dollars annually, out of the contingent
fund under his control, to pay for newspapers, pamphlets, periodicals,
or other books or prints not necessary for the business of his office.

* * *

Sec. 3788. No officer in charge of any bureau or office in any Depart-
ment shall cause to be printed, at the public expense, any report he
may make to the President or to the head of the Department, except
as provided for in this title. [Public Printing.]

Sec. 3789. No printing or binding shall be done, or blank books
furnished . . . for any of the Executive Departments, except on
a written requisition by the head of such Department, or one of his
assistants.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of June 18, 1878 (W Stats., llfi).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred ami seventy-nine, and for other purposes.

* * -*

Sec. 8. Allowance of or commutation lor fuel to commissioned offi-
cer- La hereby prohibited; but fuel may be furnished to the officers of

42 LEGISLATIVE HISTGBY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the Army by the Quartermaster's Department, for the actual use of
such officers only, at the rate of three dollars per cord for standard
oak wood, or at an equivalent rate for other kinds of fuel, according
to the regulations now in existence; and forage in kind may be fur-
nished to the officers of the Army, by the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, only for horses owned and actually kept by such officers in the
performance of their official military duties when on duty with troops
in the field or at such military posts west of the Mississippi River, as
may be from time to time designated by the Secretary of War, and
not otherwise, as follows:

* * *

To a major-general, three horses.

To a brigadier-general, three horses.

To a colonel, two horses.

To a lieutenant-colonel, two horses.

To a major, two horses.

To a captain (mounted), two horses.

To a lieutenant (mounted), two horses.

* * *

Sec. 9. That at all posts and stations where there are public quarters
belonging to the United States, officers may be furnished with quar-
ters in kind in such public quarters, and not elsewhere, by the Quar-
termaster's Department, assigning to the officers of each grade,
respectively, such number of rooms as is now allowed to such grade
by the rules and regulations of the Army: Provided, That at places
where there are no public quarters commutation therefor may be paid
\*y the Pay Department to the officer entitled to the same, at a rate not
exceeding ten dollars per room per month. . . .

* * *

Sec. 13. That from and after the passage of this act all promotions
in the Army, in each and every grade, . . . corps and depart-
ment thereof, shall cease; and thereafter no promotions or appoint-
ments shall be made to fill any vacancy which may occur, or be created
therein, until after such report shall be made and acted upon by
Congress. . . .

Act of June 30, 1882 (22 Stats., 117).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes.

. . . And provided furtJier, That on or after the passage of this
act, when an officer has served forty years either as an officer or soldier
in the regular or volunteer service, or both, he shall, if he make appli-
cation therefor to the President, be retired from active service and
E laced on the retired list, and when an officer is sixty-four years of age
e shall be retired from active service and placed on the retired
list. . . .

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 43

Act of June 30, 1886 (24 Stats., 93).

AN ACT making appropriations forthe support of the Arm y forthe fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . That . . . the maximum sum to be allowed and paid
[for mileage] shall be four cents per mile, . . . and in addition
thereto the cost of transportation, exclusive of sleeping or parlor-car

fare; . . .

* * *

Act of February 9, 1887 (24 Stats., 394).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred ana eighty-eight, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . That . . . the maximum sum to be allowed and paid
to an officer [for mileage] shall be four cents per mile, . . . and

. . . upon the officer's certificate that it was not practicable to
obtain transportation from the Quartermaster's Department, the cost
of the transportation actually paid by the officer . . . , exclusive
of sleeping or parlor car fare and transfers: And provided further,
That wnen any officer so traveling shall travel in whole or in part on any
railroad on which the troops and supplies of the United States are
entitled to be transported free of charge, he shall be allowed for him-
self only four cents per mile as a subsistence fund for every mile nec-
essarily traveled over any such last-named railroad; . . .

* * *

Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 481).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . That the transportation furnished by the Quartermaster's
Department to officers traveling without troops shall be limited to
transportation in kind, not including sleeping or parlor car accommo-
dations, over free roads, over bond-aided Pacific railroads, and by
conveyance belonging to the said Department; . . .

* * *

March 2, 1889 {25-825). The act of this date omits the requirement as to the cer-
tificate of the officer.

Resolution of September 25, 1890 (26 Stats., 681).

JOINT RESOLUTION granting permission to officers and enlisted men of the Army
and Navy of the United States to wear the badges adopted by military societies i >t
men who served in the war of the Revolution, the war of eighteen hundred and
twelve, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion.

That the distinctive badges adopted by military societies of men
who served in the armies ... of the United States in the war of
the Revolution, the war of eighteen hundred and twelve, the Mexican
war, and the war of the rebellion, respectively, may be worn upon all

44 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

occasions of ceremony by officers and enlisted men of the Army . . .
of the United States, who are members of said organizations in their
own right.

Act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stats., 562).

AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regu-
late promotions therein.

That hereafter promotion to every grade in the Army below the
rank of brigadier-general, throughout each . . . corps or depart-
ment of the service, shall, subject to the examination hereinafter pro-
vided for, be made according to seniority in the next lower grade of
that . . . corps or department. . . .

Act of August 5, 1892 (27 Stats., 349).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for
other purposes.

* * *

No printing and binding shall be done by the Public Printer for the
several Executive . . . Departments of the Government in any
fiscal year in excess of the allotment for such Departments, and none
shall be done without a special requisition, signed by the chief of the
Department and tiled with the Public Printer. . . .

Heads of Executive Departments shall direct whether reports made
to them by bureau chiefs . . . shall be printed or not.

No report, document, or publication of any kind distributed by or
from ... or bureau of the Government shall contain any notice
that the same is sent with "the compliments" of an officer of the

Government.

* *

March 2, 1897 (29-609). This act simply provides that the maximum sum to be
allowed for mileage shall be four cents per mile.

Act of March IS, 1898 (30 Stats., 318).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine.

ft *

. . . That the maximum sum to be allowed and paid to any offi-
cer of the Army shall be seven cents per mile. . . . Provided
further, That when any officer so traveling shall travel in whole or in
part on any railroad on which the troops and supplies of the United
States are entitled to be transported free of charge, or over any of
the bond-aided Pacific railroads, or over the railroad of any railroad
company which is entitled to receive only fifty per centum of the com-
pensation earned by such company for transportation services rendered
to the United States, he shall be furnished with a transportation request
by the Quartermaster's Department for such travel; and the cost of
the transportation so furnished shall be a charge against the officer's
mileage account, ... to be deducted ... at rates paid by
the general public, . . . Provided further^ That officers who, by

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 45

reason of the decision of the accounting officers of the Treasury, have
been compelled to pay from their own means one-half of the cost of
their travel fare over railroads known as fifty per centum roads, shall
be reimbursed the same. . . .

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Statu., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
United States in time of war, and for other purposes.

* * -x-

Sec. 10. . . . The staff officers herein authorized for the corps,
division, and brigade commanders may be appointed by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, as officers of the
Volunteer Army, or may be assigned by him, in his discretion, from
officers of the Regular Army, or the Volunteer Arnry, or of the militia
in the .service of the United States: Provided, That when relieved from
such staff service said appointments or assignments shall terminate. 1

Act of May 28, 1898 (30 Stats., 421).

AN ACT to amend sections ten and thirteen of an act entitled "An Act to provide for
temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of
war, and for other purposes," approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred
and ninety-eight.

That so much of section ten of the act approved April twenty-second,
eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "An Act to provide for
temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States
in time of war, and for other purposes," as provides that " officers
appointed or assigned to the staff of commanders of army corps,
divisions, and brigades shall serve only in such capacity, and that when
relieved from such staff service such appointments or assignments shall
terminate," be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and that assignments
of the officers of the volunteer staff shall be governed by the same
rules and regulations as those of the Regular Army.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 7. . . . That in time of war retired officers of the Army
may., in the discretion of the President, be employed on active duty,
<>t Imt t lnui in the command of troops, and when so employed they shall
receive the full pay and allowances of their grades. . . .

* # *

Sec. 14. . . . Provided, That for each Regular Army officer of
a staff corps or department who may be retained in or appointed to a

1 For designation of staff offioen, sec Adjutant-* u-ncral, Inspector-General, Jadge-
Advocate-General, Quartermaster-General, Commissary-General, Surgeon-General,
and Engineers.

46 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

higher volunteer rank in said staff corps or department than that actu-
ally held by him in the regular establishment there ma}^ be appointed
one officer of volunteers of the lowest grade mentioned in this section
for such staff corps or department, but no appointment will be made
which will increase the total number of officers, regular and volunteer,
serving in any grade above the number authorized by this act: And
provided also, That all the volunteer staff officers herein authorized
to be appointed or retained in the service shall be honorably discharged
on July first, nineteen hundred and one, or sooner if their services
are no longer required: And provided furt her, That the officers herein
authorized shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate. 1

Sec. 15. . . . Provided also, That each and every provision of
this act shall continue in force until July first, nineteen hundred and
one; and on and after that date all the . . . staff . . . officers
appointed to the Army under this act shall be discharged, and the
members restored in each grade to those existing at the passage of this
act: . . . And provided further, That no officer who has been, or
may be, promoted under existing law, or under the rules of seniority,
shall be disturbed in his rank.

Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stats., 1064).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Regular and Volunteer Army
for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred.

* * *

. That actual expenses only shall be paid to officers when
traveling to and from our island possessions in the Atlantic and Pacific

oceans.

* * *

Act of May 26, 1900 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Regular and Volunteer Army
for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and one.

* * *

For mileage to officers . . . Provided further, That officers
who so desire may, upon application to the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, be furnished with transportation requests, exclusive of sleeping
and parlor car accommodations, for the entire journey under their
orders; and the transportation so furnished shall be a charge against
the officer's mileage account, to be deducted at the rate of three cents
per mile. . . . And provided further, That when the established
route of travel shall, in whole or in part, be over the line of any rail-
road on which the troops and supplies of the United States are entitled
to be transported free of charge, or over any of the bond-aided Pacific
railroads, or over the railroad of any railroad company which by law
or agreement is entitled to receive only fifty per centum of the com-
pensation earned by such company for transportation services rendered
the United States, officers traveling as herein provided for shall, for

1 For retention in service of officers of the volunteer staff, see Adjutant-General,
Inspector-General, Judge- Advocate-General, Quartermaster-General, Commissary-
General, Surgeon-General, Paymaster-General, and Signal Corps.

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 47

the travel over such roads, be furnished with transportation requests,
exclusive of sleeping and parlor car accommodations, by the Quarter-
master's Department: And provided further ^ That when transporta-
tion is furnished by the Quartermaster's Department, or when the
established route of travel is over any of the railroads above specified,
there shall be deducted from the officer's mileage account by the pay-
master paying the same three cents per mile for the distance for which
transportation has been or should have been furnished: And provided
further, That actual expenses only shall be paid to officers for sea
travel when traveling, as herein provided for, to, from, or between
our island possessions: Provided also, That hereafter when an officer
shall be discharged from the service, except by wa}^ of punishment for
an offense, he shall receive for travel allowances from the place of
his diseharge to the place of his residence at the time of his appoint-
ment or to the place of his original muster into the service, four
cents per mile. . . . That for sea travel on discharge, to, from,
or between our island possessions, actual expenses only shall be paid
to officers. . . .

* * *

. . . Provided, That hereafter the pay proper of all officers
. . . serving in Porto Rico, Cuba, the Philippine Islands, Hawaii,
and in the Territory of Alaska shall be increased ten per centum for

officers. . . .

* * *

That the act approved January twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety-
nine, granting " extra pay to officers and enlisted men of the United
States Volunteers," shall extend to all volunteer officers of the general
staff who have not received waiting-orders pay prior to discharge, at the
rate of one month to those who did not serve beyond the limits of the
United States and two months to those who served beyond the limits
of the United States; . . .

* * *

Two months' extra pay, on discharge, to those who had served faith-
fully beyond the limits of the United States, and one month's extra
pay to those who had served within the limits of the United States.

Act of February 2, 1901 {31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

* * *

Sec. 26. . . . That when vacancies shall occur in the position
of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to
such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, offi-
cers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in
the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the
appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said
office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and
allowances now provided for the chief of such corps or department.
And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who
shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall
subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allow-
ances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department

48 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any
staff corps or department holding permanent appointments, the chief
of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so
remaining therein.

* * *

Sec. 34. That all officers who have served during the war with Spain,
or since, as officers of the Regular or Volunteer Army of the United
States, and have been honorably discharged from the service by resig-
nation or otherwise, shall be entitled to bear the official title and, upon
occasions of ceremony, to wear the uniform of the highest grade they
have held by brevet or other commission in the regular or volunteer

service.

* * *

Sec. 41. That the distinctive badges adopted by military societies
of men "who served in the armies and navies of the United States
during the Spanish- American war and the incident insurrection in the
Philippines" may be worn upon all occasions of ceremony by officers
and men of the Army and Navy of the United States who are members
of said organizations in their own right.

Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

* * *

. . . Provided, That leaves of absence which may be granted
officers of the Regular or Volunteer Army serving in the Territory of
Alaska or without the limits of the United States, for the purpose of
returning thereto, or which may have been granted such officers for
such purpose since the thirteenth day of October, eighteen hundred
and ninety-eight, shall be regarded as taking effect on the dates such
officers reached or may have reached the United States, respectively,
and terminating, or as having terminated, on the respective dates of
their departure from the United States in returning to their com-
mands, as authorized by an order of the Secretary of War dated Octo-
ber thirteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety -eight: . . . Provided
farther, That any officer or enlisted man in the service of the United
States who was discharged in the Philippine Islands and there reen-
tered the service through commission or enlistment shall, when dis-
charged, except by way of punishment for an offense, receive for travel
allowances from the place of his discharge to the place in the United
States of his last preceding appointment or enlistment, or to his home if
he was appointed or enlisted at a place other than his home, four cents per
mile: . . . That hereafter the pay proper of all officers . .
serving beyond the limits of the States comprising the Union, and the
Territories of the United States contiguous thereto, shall be increased
ten per centum for officers . . . over and above the rates of pay
proper as fixed by law for time of peace, and the time of such service
shall be counted from the date of departure from said States to the
date of return thereto: Provided further, That the officers . . .
who have served in China at any time since the twenty -sixth day of
May, nineteen hundred, shall be allowed and paid for such service the
same increase of pay proper as is herein provided for: . . . .

II THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

a Doc. 229 i *

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

The Adjutant-General's Department eo nomine was first established
under the act of March 3, 1813.

From the disbandment of the Army in 1783 until the act of March
3, 1791, there was no regular Adjutant-General. The act of March 5,
1792, provided for an adjutant who should also do duty as inspector,
and this dual function continued until the reorganization of the Army
in 1821, which abolished the office of Adjutant and Inspector-General.
This act, in effect, reduced the Adjutant-General's Department to one
officer. There appears to have been no- change in the legal status of
the Department from that date to 1838, when, by the act of July 5 of
that year, the President was empowered to appoint as many adjutant-
generals, not exceeding six, as he might deem necessary.

June 17, 1775. Brig. Gen. (Maj. Gen., May 16, 1776) Horatio Gates (Virginia).

June 5, 1776. Col. Joseph Reed (Pennsylvania).

Jan. 22, 1777. Brig. Gen. Arthur St. Clair (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General.

Feb. 20, 1777. Brig. Gen. George Weedon (Virginia), Acting Adjutant-General.

Apr. 19, 1777. Col. Morgan Connor (Virginia), Acting Adjutant-General.

June 18, 1777. Col. Timothy Pickering 1 (Massachusetts).

Jan. 5, 1778. Col. Alexander Scammel 2 (Massachusetts).

Jan. 8, 1781. Brig. Gen. Edward Hand (Pennsylvania).

Nov. 5, 1783. Capt. William North, 3 Sixteenth Massachusetts Continental Infantry
(Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant and Inspector.

Oct. 18, 1787. Ensign and Adjutant Ebenezer Denny, First American Regiment
(Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General.

Nov. 7, 1790. Lieut. John Pratt, First American Regiment (Connecticut), Acting
Adjutant-General.

Sept. ,1791. Lieut. Col. Winthrop Sargent, 4 militia (Massachusetts), Acting
Adjutant-General.

Nov. 4, 1791. Lieut. Ebenezer Denny, First Infantry (Pennsylvania), resumed
duties of Acting Adjutant-General.

Mar. 10, 1792. Lieut. Henry De Butts, Fourth Infantry (Maryland), Acting Adju-
tant and Inspector-General.

Apr. 11, 1792. Lieut. Col. Winthrop Sargent, 4 militia (Massachusetts).

Feb. 23, 1793. Maj. Michael Rudolph, Light Dragoons (Georgia).

July 18, 1793. Sublegionary Maj. and Inspector Edward Butler (Pennsylvania),
Deputy pro tem.

May 13, 1794. Maj. John Mills, Second Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adju-
tant-General and Inspector.

Feb. 27, 1796. Maj. Jonathan Haskell, Fourth Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting
Adjutant-General and Inspector.

1 Colonel Pickering was elected a member of the Board of War November 7, 1777,
but continued to do duty as Adjutant-General until General ScammeFs arrival Jan-
uary 13, 1778.

'Colonel Scammel resigned his staff appointment January 1, 1781, to take com-
mand of the First New Hampshire Regiment, but remained at headquarters until
relieved by General Hand January 12, 1781.

8 On the general disband ment of the Continental Army, Captain North, who had
been designated as inspector to the troops remaining in service, acted as adjutant and
inspector to October 28, 1787.

4 Colonel Sargent declined the appointment, assigning as a reason that the office
was not attended with sufficient rank.

52 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

Aug. 1, 1796. Capt. Edward Butler, Fourth Sublegion (Pennsylvania), Acting
Adjutant-General and Inspector.

Feb. 27, 1797. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, 1 First Infantry (Massachusetts).

July 19, 1798. Brig. Gen. William North (New York).

Mar. 26, 1802. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, 2 First Infantry (Massachusetts), Adjutant
and Inspector.

Apr. 2, 1807. Maj. Abimael Y. Nicoll, of the Artillerists (New York), Adjutant
and Inspector.

Apr. 28, 1812. Lieut. Col. Alexander Macomb, 3 engineers (New York), Acting
Ad j utant-General .

Julv 6, 1812. Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Cushing (Massachusetts).

Mar. 12, 1813. Brig. Gen. Zebulon M. Pike 4 (New York), Adjutant and Inspector-
General.

May 9, 1814. Brig. Gen. William H. Winder (Maryland), Adjutant and Inspector-
General.

Nov. 22, 1814. Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker 5 (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector-
General.

Aug. 13, 1821. Col. James Gadsden 6 (North Carolina).

May 8, 1822. Capt. Charles J. Nourse, Second Artillery (District of Columbia),
Acting Adjutant-General.

Mar. 7, 1825. Col. Roger Jones (Virginia).

July 15, 1852. Col. Samuel Cooper (New York) .

Mar. 7, 1861. Col. (Brig. Gen., August 3, 1861), Lorenzo Thomas (Delaware).

Feb. 22, 1869. Brig. Gen. Edward D. Townsend (Massachusetts).

June 15, 1880. Brig. Gen. Richard C. Drum (Pennsylvania).

June 7, 1889. Brig. Gen. John C. Kelton (Pennsylvania).

July 5, 1892. Brig. Gen. Robert Williams (Virginia).

Nov. 6, 1893. Brig. Gen. George D. Ruggles (New York).

Sept. 11, 1897. Brig. Gen. Samuel Breck (Massachusetts).

Feb. 25, 1898. Brig. Gen. (Maj. Gen., June 6, 1900) Henry C. Corbin (Ohio).

1 The act of March 3, 1797, permitted the Brigadier-General (General in Chiefs to
select his brigade major from the line of the Army. Major Cushing, not having relin-
quished his rank in the infantry on being appointed inspector, was selected by Gen-
eral Wilkinson and continued to perform the duties of inspector and adjutant until
May 22, 1798.

2 The act of May 14, 1800, disbanded the adjutant-general, and the duties of adju-
tant and inspector were performed, under detail, by Major Cushing (who resided in
Washington) from June 15, 1800, to April 2, 1807.

3 Colonel Macomb relieved Major Nicoll, April 28, 1812, having been directed in
War Department order of that date "to perform the duties of Adjutant- General until
further orders."

* General Pike was killed, after the capture of York, upper Canada, by the explo-
sion of a magazine April 27, 1813. From this time until May 19, 1814, the office
remained vacant, the act of March 3, 1813, having been construed to the effect that
there could be but one Adjutant and Inspector-General, who must either be an officer
appointed and confirmed to that office, or else be a brigadier-general especially des-
ignated by the President to perform the functions. The affairs of the office were
meanwhile administered by Maj. C. K. Gardner, Assistant Adjutant-General, until
December 30, 1813, and from that date to May 28, 1814 (with the exception of the
brief term of service of General Winder) by Col. J. De B. Walbach, Adjutant-General,
who was relieved at that date by Maj. John R. Bell, assistant inspector.

5 General Parker was appointed Paymaster-General June 1, 1821. By general
orders of that date from headquarters of the Army Lieut. E.Kirby, aid-de-camp, was
directed to perform the duties of Adjutant-General of the Army until further orders.

'Colonel Gadsden's appointment was not confirmed by the Senate and his com-
mission expired March 22, 1822. On the following April 12 the President renomi-
nated him for the office, but the Senate adhered to its original determination.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

June 16, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That there be an Adjutant-General.

That his pay be one hundred and twenty-five dollars per month.

June 17, 1775.

The Congress then proceeded to the choice of the officers in the
Army by ballot.

* * *

Horatio Gates, esq., Adjutant-General.

Resolved, That Horatio Gates, esq., 1 now chosen Adjutant-General,
shall have the rank of brigadier-general.

July 9, 1775. Announces appointment of Brig. Gen. Horatio Gates as Adjutant-
General of the Army. {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

July 17, 1775.

Resolved, That the convention of New York be desired to recom
mend to General Schuyler a proper person for a deputy adjutant-
general, or brigade major for the Army in the New York Department.

July 19, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That it be left to General Washington, if he
thinks fit, to appoint three brigade majors and commission them
accordingly.

July W, 1775.

Resolved, That the pay of the ... be ... :
Deputy adjutant-general, fifty dollars per do. (month).
* * *

Brigade major, thirty-three dollars per do. (month).

August 15, 1775. "David Henley, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General
Heath's brigade."

"John Trumbull, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Spencer's brigade."

" Richard Carey, esqr., is appointed brigade major to the brigade commanded by
the eldest colonel.

"Thomas Chase, Daniel Box, and Alexander Scammel, esqr., are appointed to
continue to do duty of brigade majors to the brigades they respectively belong."

August 17, 1775. " Thomas ( "hase, esqr., is to continue to do duty as major of bri-
gade to Brigadier-General Thomas's brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters,
Cambridge. )

August SO, 1775. " By the orders of the 17th instant, Thomas Chase, esqr., was, to
the prejudice of Samuel Brewer, esqr., through mistake appointed to be continued to

'Afterwards major-general, and, in 1777, president of the Hoard of War. He
accompanied Washington to Cambridge.

54 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

do duty to Brigadier-General Thomas's brigade, as major of brigade. His excellency
orders that mistake to be rectified, and directs Samuel Brewer to be continued to act
as major of brigade to Brigadier-General Thomas." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Cambridge.)

September U, 1775.

Resolved, That Edward Flemming, esq., be appointed deputy
adjutant-general for the Army in the New York or Northern Depart-
ment, with the rank of a colonel. . . .

September 21, 1775.

Resolved, That General Washington be ordered to issue commissions
to Majors Box, Scammel, and Brewer as brigade majors.

* * *

Resolved, That General Schuyler be empowered to nominate and
appoint a proper person to the office of brigade major in the army
under his command, and to issue a commission accordingly.

November 8, 1775. "Congress directs you to acquaint General Schuyler that they
approve of his appointment of Captain Dimon to be a brigade major, and have ordered
him a commission accordingly. ' ' (Letter of committee to Messrs. R. R. Livingstone, Rob-
ert Treat Paine, and J. Langdon. )

January 7, 1776. "The Adjutant-General will this day deliver to the brigade
majors the number of the new articles of war necessary for each regiment, in their
respective brigades; and that no mistake in regard to the said articles may possibly
happen, each book is signed by the honorable John Hancock, esqr., president of the
Continental Congress, and countersigned upon the title page by William Tudor, esqr.,
Judge- Advocate of the Army of the United Colonies." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Cambridge.)

March 3, 1776. ' 'All arms in store fit for use may be delivered out to the Adjutant-
General's order." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

March 6, 1776.

Resolved, That Thomas Bullit, esq., be appointed deputy adjutant-
general in the Southern Department with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel.

March 23, 1776.

Resolved, . . . The committee on qualifications having recom-
mended Peter Scull to be a brigade major in the Army of the United
Colonies in the Middle Department.

* * *

Resolved, That commissions be granted to them accordingly.

March 30, 1776.

Resolved, That each brigadier-general, when in command, be empow-
ered to appoint a brigade major.

May 18, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Thomas Bullit, esq., the deputy adjutant-
general in Virginia, be advanced to the rank of colonel.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL^ DEPARTMENT. 55

June 5, 1776.

Resolved, That the . . . deputy adjutants-general,
make regular returns and reports to Congress, and to the respective
officers to whom they are deputies, at least once a month, and that the
principals also make returns to Congress at the same periods.

* * -X-

Congress then proceeded to the election of an Adjutant-General
. . . to fill up the vacancies in those offices; when the ballots being
taken and examined,

Joseph Reed, esq., was elected Adjutant-General . . .

* *

Resolved, That Joseph Reed, esq., have the pay of 125 dollars a
month and the rank of a colonel.

June 17, 1776.

Resolved, That an experienced general be immediately sent into
Canada, with power to appoint a deputy adjutant-general, . . .
and such other officers as he shall find necessary for the good of the
service . . . and notify the same to Congress for their approba-
tion.

June 18, 1776. "Joseph Reed, esqr., is appointed Adjutant-General of all the Con-
tinental forces with the rank of colonel." ( Orders, General Headquarters, New York. )

.}uuei!U, 1776. " Jonathan Mifflin, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General
Mifflin." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

July 19, 1776.

The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy adjutant-general
for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken,

Samuel Griffin, esq., was elected.

Resolved, That Mr. Griffin, as deputy adjutant-general, have the
rank of colonel.

July 25, 1776. " Peter Gusdon, esqr., is appointed major of brigade to Brigadier-
General Heard." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

July 28, 1776. "William Peck, esqr., who has for sometime past done the duty of
brigadier major to General Spencer, is appointed to that office." {Orders, General
Headquarters, New York.)

August 7, 1776. "John Palsgrave Wyllys, esqr., is appointed brigade major to
General Wadsworth; Mark Hopkins, esqr., to General Fellows." {Orders, General
Headquarters, New York.)

August 9, 1776. "Nicholas Fish, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General
Scott." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

August 12, 1776. " Major Henly (for the present) is to do duty as brigade major
in General James Clinton's brigade, Major Box in General Nixon's, Major Living-
ston in Lord Stirling's, and Major Peck in General Parsons', and Richard Piatt, esqr.,
is to do duty of brigade major in General McDougall's." ( Orders, General Headquar-
ters New York.)

August 15, 1776. "Cant. Thomas Dyer to do the duty of brigade major to General
Parsons' brigade till further orders." {Orders, < ieneral Headquarters, New York.)

August 20, 1776. "Edward Tilghman, esqr., is appointed as an assistant brigade
major to Lord Stirling, the duty of the whole division being too great for one officer."
( Orders, General Headquarters, New York. )

August 21, 1776. "Adjutant Taylor to do the duty of brigade major to General
McDougall's brigade during Major Piatt's illness." {Orders, Gmend [Feadquarlers,
New York.)

August 31, 1776. " Ebenezer Gray is appointed hrigade major to General Par-
sons." {Orders, General Ifrndquur'rrs, Sew York.)

56 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U S. ARMY.

September 1, 1776. "Samuel Augustus Barker to act as major to the brigade under
Colonel Douglass; Benjamin Talmadge, brigade major to Col. Chester." (Orders,
General Headquarters, New York. )

September 4, 1776. Captain Howell, of the 2nd Jersey regiment, was appointed
brigade major to the 3rd Brigade (Col. Stark's). (Orders, General Headquarters,
Ticonderoga. )

September 6, 1776. "David Henley, esqr., is appointed depy. adjt. general until
further orders, and immediately to repair to General Spencers' division to regulate
the several returns and do the other duties of said office, extending his care to the
division under General Heath." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

September 7, 1776. "Major Lee is desired to do the duty of brigade major in Major
Henly's stead, till an appointment is made." (Orders, General Headquarters, New
York.)

September 9, 1776. "Mr. Adjutant Bradford to do the duty of brigade major to
General Nixon's brigade during Major Box's illness." ( Orders, General Headquarters,
New York.)

September 10, 1776. "Major Scammell is appointed a temporary assistant to the
Adjutant-General, and is to repair to General Heath's division." (Orders, General
Headquarters, New York.)

September 12, 1776.

Congress then proceeded to the election of sundry officers; and the
ballots being taken,

* * *

John Trumbull, esq., was elected deputy adjutant-general of the
Army in the Northern Department.

September 28, 1776. "Mr. Finn Wadsworth is appointed major of brigade to
General Wadsworth." (Orders, General Headquarters, Harkm Heights.)

October 7, 1776. " Capt. William Mc Williams, of the 3rd Virginia Regiment, is to
do the duty of brigade major in Colonel Weedon's brigade till further notice."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.)

October 9, 1776. "David Dexter, esqr., is appointed to act as brigade major to the
brigade under Colonel Lippet." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights. )

October 11, 1776. " [Benjamin] Talmadge, esqr. , is appointed brigade major to Gen-
eral Wadsworth." (Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.)

October 17, 1776. "Daniel Lyman, esqr., is appointed major of brigade to General
Fellows."' (Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.)

October 21, 1776.

i Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers
on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled,
be as follows: . . .

To the . . . deputy adjutant-general, 6 rations, . . .

October 26, 1776. "Capt. Ebenezer Huntington is to assist the Adjutant-General
in regulating the duties and details of General Heath's division till further orders."
( Orders, General Headquarters, White Plains. )

October 29, 1776. Alexander Scammell, esqr., appointed assistant to the adjutant-
general for General Lee's division. (Orders, General Headquarters, White Plains.)

November 19, 1776.

Resolved, [that weekly returns of all rations issued or paid be made
by the Commissary-General or his deputies] to the Adjutant-General
or his deputies, to be by him inserted in the general returns of the
Army, and transmitted to Congress monthly.

January 13, 1777. "Till an Adjutant-General is appointed the duty of that office
will be discharged by Colonel Weedon, who is obliging enough to undertake it pro
tempore." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

January 17, 1777. "Lieut. Isaac Budd Dunn is appointed brigade major to General
St. Clair." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

THE ADJUTANT-GENEEAL'S DEPARTMENT. 57

February W, 1777.

Revolved, That the President write to General Gates ana inform him
it is the earnest desire of Congress that he should resume the office of
Adjutant-General, and that his present rank and pay shall be continued
to him.

February <2<2, 1777.

Resolved, That Thomas Bullit, esq., deputy adjutant-general, have
the rank of a colonel in the Continental establishment.

March 1, 1777. "Isaac Budd Dunn, esqr., will do the duty of Adjutant-General pro
tempore, and to be attended to accordingly." {Orders, General Headquarters, Mor-
ristown. )

March 26, 1777.

Ordered, That the President acquaint General Washington that
Congress expect the office of Adjutant-General to be filled by a speedy
appointment of a person of abilities and unsuspected attachment to
these United States, and recommend Colonel William Lee to his con-
sideration for this purpose.

April J+, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the Adjutant-General be ordered to send
monthly to the Board of War a copy of the abstracts [of all the musters,
regimentally digested, and of the rations drawn or retained by the
several regiments] which he received from the commissary -general of
musters, together with an abstract of the returns of the Army.

April 9, 1777. "Major Dunn being obliged to attend Major-General St. Clair to
Philadelphia, to which place he is called by Congress, Lieut. Colonel Connor will
be obliging enough to discharge the duty of Adjutant-General pro tempore."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

April 11, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the pay of brigade majors in the Conti-
nental Army be raised to 50 dollars a month.

April 19, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That General Gates be empowered to appoint a
deputy adjutant-general for the Northern Department.

April /.'/, 1777. Deputy Adjutant-General Trumbull's resignation was accepted.

May 11, 1777. "Benjamin Day, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Wood-
ford, and Samuel Shaw, esqr.. is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-General
Knox." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

May hi, 1777. "William Johnson, escjr., formerly brigade major to General Lewis,
18 appointed to that duty in Brigadier-General Scott's Brigade." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Morristown.)

May U, 1777.

Involved, . . . [A major-general and a brigadier-general not hav-
ing the command of a separate department shall each be allowed forage
for six horses for themselves,] their . . . brigade majors . . .

58 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

The Commander in Chief and the commander of any separate depart-
ment shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for
and during such times, as they shall think proper, ... to the
Adjutant-General and his deputies, . . . : Provided always, That
if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants,
should be allowed forage in consequence of any general orders here-
after given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses
as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage
shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they
at any time thereafter be allowed any forage, or back allowance, or
any money in lieu thereof.

May 16, 1777. "Francis Swain, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-
General Muhlenberg." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

May 19, 1777. " Thomas Mullens, esqr. , is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-
General De Borre." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

May 20, 1777. " Valentine Peers, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-
General Weedon." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. )

May 21, 1777. "Michael Ryan, esqr. (late brigade major to the garrison of Ticon-
deroga and Fort Independence), is appointed to that duty in Brigadier-General
Wayne's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

May 26, 1777. "Peter Tarling, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-
General Conway." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

May 27, 1777.

Resolved, That if General Gates, before General Schuyler's arrival
at Albany, shall have appointed a deputy adjutant-general, . . .
for the Northern army, the said appointments be confirmed; if not,
that General Schuyler be empowered to make these appointments.

May 29, 1777. " Major Ryan, who has done the duty of the Adjutant-General for
some days past, is now excused from that service. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Middle Brook.)

June 2, 1777. "Until the arrival of Brigadier De Haas, the eldest officer in his
brigade is to take the command, and John Harper, esqr., is appointed to thetluty
of brigade major in that brigade till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Middle Brook. )

June 10, 1777.

Resolved, . . . XXXIV. That no returns of rations drawn or
returned by the several regiments be hereafter made by the . . .
commissary-general of musters ... to the Adjutant-General, or
by the Adjutant-General to the board of war, as directed in the regu-
lations of the muster master general's department, passed by Congress
the 4th day of April last.

June 18, 1777 . "Timothy Pickering, esqr., is appointed Adjutant-General to the
Continental Army. . . . The General begs Col. Connor to accept his thanks for
his obliging and punctual discharge of the office for the time he has acted as such."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.)

July 18, 1777. "Thomas Fosdick, esqr., was on the first instant appointed brigade
major to Brigadier-General Glover."

Roger Alden, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-General Huntington."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Pompton Plains.)

July 17, 1777.

Resolved, That General Spencer be informed, in answer to his letter
of the 20th of May, that Congress confirm the appointment by him of
William Peck, esq., deputy adjutant-general to the militia and State
troops of Rhode Island, kept in Continental pay.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 59

August 28, 1777. "Joseph Scott, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General
Muhlenberg, in the room of Major Swaine, resigned." (Orders, General Headquar-
ters, Wilmington.)

September 2, 1777. "Mathew Smith, esqr., is appointed deputy adjutant-general
in the Continental Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Wilmington.)

October 3, 1777. "Lewis Fleury, esqr., is appointed brigade major to the Count
Pulaski, brigadier-general of the Light Dragoons."

"Thomas Mullens, esqr., is to act as brigade major to General Conway till further
orders." (Orders, General Headquarters at Wentz's, Worcester I'ownship.)

October 6, 1777. "Thomas Mullens, esqr., appointed the 3rd instant to act as
brigade major to General Conway, is now, for his gallant behavior on the 4th instant,
appointed brigade major to General Conway." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Perkiomy. )

October 11, 1777. "Capt. Paul Parker, of Colonel Hartley's regiment, is appointed
to do the duty of brigade major in General Wayne's brigade till further orders."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Torramensing.)

October 14, 1777. "Lyman Hitchcock, esqr., is appointed to do the duty of brigade
major in the 2nd Maryland Brigade, late De Borre's."

"Mr. John Lawson, adjutant to the Prince William Militia, is appointed to do the
duty of brigade major in the brigade of militia under the command of Colonel
Crawford."

"Richard Emory, esq., is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the First
Maryland Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Towamensing.)

October 26, 1777. "Captain Thomas Patterson, of Col. Dayton's regiment, is ap-
pointed brigade major (pro tempore) fur General Maxwell's brigade." (Orders, Gen-
eral Headquarters, Whit pain. )

October 20, 1777. " Capt. McGowen is appointed to do the duty of brigade major
in the brigade, late De Haas's." (Orders, General Headquarters, Whilpain Township.)

November 6, 1777. Colonel James Wilkinson, Adjutant-General of Northern Army,
being strongly recommended by General Gates as a "gallant officer and a promising
military genius," was, in consideration of his services in that department, given the
brevet of brigadier-general.

November 18, 1777. "Richard Claiborne, esq., is appointed brigade major to Gen-
eral Weedon's brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, White Marsh.)

December 26, 1777. Henry McCormick, esq., appointed brigade major to the
Pennsylvania brigade. ( Orders, General Hdqrs. ) No place given.

January 2, 1778. Adjutant Marvin, appointed brigade major pro tern, to Gen.
Varn urn's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters.) No place given.

January 5, 1778.

Congress proceeded to the election of an adjutant-general in the
room of Colonel Pickering, who is called to the board of war, and, the
ballots being taken, Colonel Alexander Scammel was unanimously
elected.

January 8, 1778. John Berrien, appointed brigade major to the North Carolina
brigade. ( Orders, General. Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

January 12, 1778. Lieut. Stagg. of Colonel Malcolm's regiment, appointed brigade
major pro tem. in the brigade late General Conway's. (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Valley Forge.)

January 13, 1778.

Unsolved, . . . That ... a deputy adjutant-general . . .
be appointed to act pro tempore for the troops aforesaid [from New
Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, con-
stantly employed in Rhode Island for the defense of the State and of
the Providence Plantations]; that the . . . deputy adjutant-
general ... be appointed by the officer commanding at the post
[Providence]; and that each . . . take the oath of fidelity and
office. . . .

February 26, 1778. Captain Duval and Adjutant Haskell, appointed to act as
brigade majors in General Mcintosh's and (icneral Patterson's brigades, respectively,
till the return of Brigade Majors McCtare ;mcl Berrien. (Orders, General J/radqimr-
ters, Valley Forge.)

60 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

March 22, 1778. Captain T. Seely, appointed brigade major in the 2nd Penn.
brigade, vice Brigade Major McGowan. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

March 25, 1778. Mr. Fanski, adjutant in General Huntington's brigade, appointed
to duty as brigade major in the absence of Brigade Major Alden. (Orders, General
Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

March 29, 1778. Captain Walker, of Colonel Livingston's regiment, appointed
brigade major pro tem. in General Poor's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters,
Valley Forge.)

April 14, 1778. Lieut. McLinney to act as brigade major in the late Conway's
brigade till Major Stagg returned.

April 26, 1778. Elihu Marshall, adjutant 2nd N. Y. Regiment, appointed to act as
brigade major in Gen. Poor's brigade until further orders. (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Valley Forge. )

May 5, 1778. Aaron Ogden, esqr., appointed brigade major in Gen. Maxwell's
brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.)

May U, 1778.

Resolved, That a deputy adjutant-general be appointed for the army
in the Northern Department under the command of General Gates.
The ballots being taken,
Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Troup was elected.

May 21, 1778. Mr. Vowles, adjutant 7th Va. Regiment, appointed as brigade
major in General Woodford's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.)

May W, 1778.

Resolved, That the brigade major be appointed, as heretofore, by
the Commander in Chief or commander in a separate department, out
of the captains in the brigade to which he shall be appointed.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition to their pay in the line there be allowed
to ... a brigade major 24 dollars. . . .

Resolved, . . . The present . . . brigade majors to receive
their present pay and rations.

Resolved, That . . . brigade majors . . . shall hold their
present ranks, and be admissible into the line again in the same rank
they held when taken from the line; provided, that no . . . bri-
gade major . . . shall have the command of any officers who
commanded him while in the line.

Resolved, That whenever the Adjutant-General shall be appointed
from the line he may continue to hold his rank and commission in
the line.

June <2, 1778.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy adjutant-general in
the Northern Department in the room of Lieutenant-Colonel Troup,
who declines and whose commission is returned by General Gates;
and the ballots being taken,

William Malcolm was elected.

June 14, 1778. "On the march Lieut. Colonel Fleury will be attached to General
Lee's division; Lieut. Colonel Davies to General Stirling's; Lieut. Colonel Barber to
General Mifflin's; Major Ternant to General de La Fayette's; Lieut. Colonel Brooks
to General De Kalb's; and, as they will not be employed on the march in exercising
or maneuvering the troops, they are to fill the office of adjutant-general, each in his
respective division." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forg<-.)

June 15, 1778. Captain Smith, brigade inspector in General Varnum's brigade,
was also appointed brigade major in the same, doing duty in both capacities. ( Orders,
General Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 61

June 19, 1778.

Resolved, That Colonel William Malcolm, deputy adjutant-general
in the Arm v. now under command of Major-General Gates, be per-
mitted to hold his rank in the Army and his regiment, if the same
shall be kept up in the new arrangement now making.

November 17, 1778.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy adjutant-general
. . . for the troops in the Southern Department; and the ballots
being taken,

Captain Edmund Hyrne was elected deputy adjutant-general . . .
for the troops in the Southern Department, they having been previ-
ously nominated by the Delegates of South Carolina.

JitiDHirii 8, 1779. "Lieutenant Robert Porterfield, of the 7th Virginia Regiment, is
to do the duty of brigade major till further orders in General Woodford's brigade,
Brigade Major Porterfield being absent." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle
Brook.)

February 18, 1779.

Resolved, . . . that the office of brigade inspector shall in future
be annexed to that of major of brigade.

Mmj /.{, 1779. "Major Cabell is appointed brigade major and inspector to Gen-
eral .Muhlenberg's brigade and Major Croghan to General Woodford's." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Middle Brook. )

May 17, 1779.

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General of the Army of the United
States be allowed the same rations as a brigadier-general.

That he be permitted to engage two assistants and one clerk, the
assistants to be taken from the line, and both they and the clerk to be
approved of by the Commander in Chief.

That each assistant be allowed such an addition to his appointments
as an officer of the line as shall make the same equal to those of a
lieutenant-colonel.

That the clerk be taken from the subalterns or volunteers in the
Army, and allowed pay and subsistence equal in the whole to those of
a captain.

May 24, 1779. "Capt. Nicholas Gilman, of the 3rd New Hampshire Regiment,
from the 15th of January, 1778, and Capt. John Singer Dexter, of the 1st Rim' It-
Island Regiment, from the 1st of May following, are appointed assistants to the
Adjutant-General." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.)

./inie 12, 1779. "Capt. Alexander, entitled to a majority, is appointed brigade
major to the 1st, and Capt. Moore, also entitled to a majority. Is appointed brigade
major to the 2nd Pennsylvania brigades." (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's
Tavern. )

the 1st

djutant-

General during said time" [temporary absence of the Adjutant-General with the
Commander in Chief]. (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.)

62 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

June M, 1779.

Resolved, That majors, in consideration of their extra duty, acting
as . . . majors of brigade, receive $44 per month, in addition to
their regimental pay.

* * *

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General, for the time being, be also
assistant inspector-general.

June 24, 1779. "Capt. Henry Hardman, of the 7th Maryland Regiment, entitled to
a majority, is appointed brigade major to the 2nd Maryland Brigade." (Orders, Gen-
eral Headquarters, New Windsor. )

July 1, 1779. "Henry McCormick, esq., late brigade major to the 1st Penna.
Brigade is appointed to do the duties of brigade major and brigade inspector to the
light corps under Brig. General Wayne." (Orders, General Headquarters, New
Windsor. )

July 8, 1779. "Major Oliver, of the Massachusetts line, is appointed major of
brigade to Gen'l Nixon's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.)

July 13, 1779. "Capt. Selman, of the 4th Maryland Regiment, is appointed to the
duty of brigade major in the 2nd Maryland Brigade till further orders, vice Capt.
Hardman, who declines that duty at present." (Orders, General Headquarters, New
Windsor. )

July 25, 1779. "Lt. Col. Brooks, a subinspector in the Army, is to be considered
as deputy adjutant-general in the garrison at West Point and its dependencies."

"Major Andrew Peters, of Col. Bailey's regiment, is appointed brigade major,
etc., in the 4th Massachusetts (commonly called Late Learned's) Brigade." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Moore's House. )

July SI, 1779. "John Davidson, esq., of the 2nd Maryland Regiment, and eldest
capt. in the Maryland Brigade is appointed brigade major to the same till further
orders, vice Ca^t. Selman, whose ill state of health prevents his doing that duty."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.)

August 2, 1779. "Capt. John Doughty, of the Corps of Artillery, is appointed
brigade major to the same till further orders. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's
House. )

November 5, 1779. "Major Scott, of the New Hampshire line, is appointed brigade
major to Gen'l Poor's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' s House.)

December 24, 1779. " Major Church, of the 4th Pennsylvania Reg't, is appointed
brigade major and inspector to Gen'l Hand's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquar-
ters, Morristown.)

December 25, 1779. "The Adjutant-General having leave of absence Col. Williams
is appointed to perform the duties of the office until his return." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Morristown. )

January 1, 1780. "Capt. Brice, of the 3rd Maryland Regiment, is appointedbrigade
major and brigade inspector of the 1st Maryland Brigade till further orders."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. )

April 11, 1780. "Colonel Scammell, having returned, will resume the duties of his
office. The Commander in Chief requests Col. Williams to accept his thanks for the
attention, assiduity, and propriety with which he has conducted the office in the
absence of Col. Scammell." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristonm.)

June U, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That Major-General Gates be, and he is hereby,
authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general . . . [for the
Southern army].

July 12, 1780. "Capt. McGowan is to do the duty of brigade major in Gen'l
Hand's Brigade till Lieutenant-Colonel Command' t Butler's health permits him to
join his regiment." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.)

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses
be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 68

by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sepa-
rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag-
gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to-wit:
* * *

Adjutant-General and assistants ... 1 covered 1-horse wagon.
Deputy adjutant-general with a separate army ... 1 2-horse
wagon.

:< * *

Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and
bathorses by these regulations, there be issued ... as many
rations as the service shall require.

. . . Adjutant-General and his family, including what he may
draw in the line, seven deputy adjutants-general for a separate army,
three including what he may draw in the line . . .

July 20,1780. "Captain Ogden of the Jersey Brigade is appointed to do the duty
of brigade major in the same until the return of Major Ross. ' ' ( Orders, General Head-
quarters, Pracaness. )

September 16, 1780. " Major James Moore is appointed brigade major ... to
the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade from the 21st of July last." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Steenrapia. )

September 25, 1780.

Resolved, . . . There shall be one assistant inspector-general
with the main army, who shall be adjutant-general for the time being,
and shall receive in addition to his pay $10 per month; and one to
every separate army, when consisting of two or more divisions, who
shall be the deputy adjutant-general, and shall receive in addition to
his pay $8 per month.

* * *

The assistant inspectors-general shall assist in the general duties of
the department . . . and they shall nevertheless continue to per-
form their duties of adjutant and deputy adjutant-general.

The inspectors shall attend to the execution of the regulations estab-
lished for the Army in their respective divisions ... at all times
performing the dut}* of adjutant-general to the same; and when a
detachment of more than one division is sent from the Army the eldest
inspector of the marching troops shall act as adjutant-general to the
detachment.

The subinspectors shall do the duty of majors of brigade to the
brigades to which they belong .

November 11, 1780. " Captain Converse is to do the duty of brigade major . . .
to the I'd ( 'onnecticut Brigade in the absence of Major Wood bridge." (Orders, Gen-
> i-nl J/ifidquurters, Fotowa/)

November 28, 1780.

< h-drred, That . . .. the Adjutant-General, ... be sup-
plied with the journals of Congress.

December k, 1780.

Resolved, That instead of the additional pay allowed to officers in
the inspector's department by the resolution of Congress of the w 25th
of September last, the following sums be allowed, viz:

To the Adjutant -General, as assistant inspector, 35 dollars per
month.

64 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January 8, 1781.

Congress proceeded to the election of Adjutant-General, and, the
ballots being taken,

Brigadier-General Hand was elected.

January 12, 1781.

Resolved, That the additional pay of . . . brigade majors,- . . .
agreeably to the act of 27th May, 1778, be considered as fixed in specie;
and that the same, from and after the 18th day of August last, be
drawn in bills of the new emission.

July 14, 1781. "Captain Robert Pemberton [is] appointed assistant adjutant-
general, vice Dexter, promoted, and joined his regiment." {Orders, General Head-
quarters near Dobbs Ferry. )

August 19, 1781. "Lieut. Col. Grosvenor is appointed to the duty of deputy
adjutant-general of the troops placed under the immediate command of Major-
General Heath." {Orders, General Headquarters near Dobbs Ferry.)

October 2, 1781. "Capt. John Carlisle, of Genl. Hazen's regt., is appointed an
assistant to the Adjutant-General." {Orders, General Headquarters before York.)

Jiiue 28, 1782.

Resolved, That so much of the resolution of Congress of the 27th
day of May, 1778, as relates to additional pay given to captains . . .
acting as . . . brigade majors be, and is hereby, repealed.

Resolved, That there shall be such additional pay and emoluments to
the pay of captains . . . serving as . . . brigade majors as
shall make their pay and emoluments equal to the pay and emoluments
of a major in the line of the Army.

August 1, 1782.

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General be appointed by Congress from
the general officers, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, commandants, or
lieutenant-colonels in the Army; his pay shall be 125 dollars per month;
he shall receive four rations per daj^, and 25 dollars per month sub-
sistence. The Adjutant-General shall also be allowed forage for four
riding horses, and be furnished with two four-horse and one two-horse
covered wagons for the transportation of his official papers, his own,
his assistants', and clerk's baggage. He shall have two assistants and
one clerk, to be appointed by himself, and approved of by the Com-
mander in Chief. The assistants shall be majors or captains in the
Army. The pay of each shall be 50 dollars per month, one ration and
a half per day, 8 dollars per month for subsistence, and forage for
two riding horses. The assistants shall be allowed each 6f dollars per
month for servant's wages and the clothing and rations allowed to a
private soldier. The , clerk shall be a subaltern or volunteer in the
Army; his pay shall be 40 dollars per month; he shall draw one ration
per day, and receive 6 dollars per month subsistence.

That there be as many deputies adjutant-general of the rank of field
officers as there may be separate armies in the United States that con-
sist of one or more divisions, to be appointed occasionally by the
commanding officer of such army, whose name shall be returned to
the Commander in Chief for his approbation.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 65

That the deputy adjutants-general shall each receive 75 dollars per
month pay, two rations per day, and 12f dollars per month subsistence,
forage for three riding horses, one four-horse and one two-horse cov-
ered wagons, for the transportation of their official papers, their own
and assistants' baggage.

The deputy adjutants-general shall each appoint one assistant of the
rank of major or captain, who shall be approved of by the command-
ing officer under whom they serve. The assistants appointed and
approved as aforesaid shall each receive the same pay and allowances
as are given above to an assistant of the Adjutant-General.

That there be one major of brigade to each brigade in the armies of
the United States, whether of cavalry, artillery, or infantry, who shall
be appointed by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a
separate arnry as occasion may require, upon the recommendation of
the Adjutant-General or deputy adjutant-general, as the oase may be,
and thev shall each receive the same pay and allowances as is given to
the assistants of the Adjutant -General by the foregoing resolutions.

That the provisions nereby made for the respective officers afore-
said shall be in full compensation for their services, and of all pay and
allowances to which the3 r may be entitled from their rank in the Army.

These regulations shall take effect on the first day of January next,
and from thenceforth that all acts, resolutions, pay, and appointments
heretofore made in anywise respecting the Department of Adjutant-
General and brigade majors shall cease, and are hereby repealed.

August 27, 1782. "The Adjutant-General, having agreed to spare Capt. Carlisle, of
Hazen's Regt., one of his assistants, to do the duty of brigade major to the corps of
light infantry, he will immediately enter on that service." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Newburgh. )

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of
wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers: .

* * *

Adjutant General, two covered four-horse wagons; for the baggage
of his assistant, clerks, and official papers, one two-horse wagon.

* * *

That there be allowed for saddle horses:

* * *

Adjutant-General 4 rations.

Deputy with a separate army 3 do.

Each assistant 2 do.

* * *

November 22, 1782. "Capt. Jeremiah Fogg, of the 2nd New Hampshire Regt., is
appointed brigade major of the New Hampsnire Brigade from the 11th instant, vice
(apt. Robinson." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

December 31, 1782.

Resolved, That Brigadier-General Hand be, and he is hereby, con-
tinued in the office of Adjutant-General.

Junuanf 9, 1783. "Captain Richard Cox, of the 1st Jersey Regiment, is continued
in the office of major of Brigade to the Jersey Brigade;

"Captain Benjamin Hicks, of the 1st New York Regiment, to the New York
Brigade;

S. Doc. 229 5

66 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. '

"Captain Nathaniel Cushing, of the 1st Massachusetts Regiment, to the 1st
Massachusetts Brigade;

"Captain Abraham Williams, of the 2d Massachusetts Regiment, to the 2d Massa-
chusetts Brigade;

"Captain J. K. Smith, of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, to the 3d Massachusetts
Brigade, and

"Captain Jeremiah Fogg, of the 2d New Hampshire Regiment, to the (New)
Hampshire Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

January 12, 1783. "Captain J, Walker, of the 3rd Connecticut Regt., is continued
in the office of major of brigade to the Connecticut Brigade." {Orders, General
Headquarters, Newburgh. )

January 14, 1783. "Captain John Carlisle, of General Hazen's Regt., is appointee!
asst. adjutant-general, to take place with the new arrangement." {Orders, General
Headquartei-s, Newburgh. )

March 1, 1783. "Captain Aaron Ogden is appointed major of brigade to the Jer-
sey Brigade, vice Cox promoted January 6th, 1783. ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Newburgh. )

April 8, 1783. "Captain Simeon Lord (late of the 20ih Massachusetts Regiment)
is appointed assistant adjutant-general, * * * his appointment to have effect
from the first day of February last." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

October 31, 1783. Secretary of War reported that the following accepted the com-
mutation of five years' pay in lieu of half pay for life: Adjutant-General and family,
Brigadier-General Clinton.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1791 {1 Stats., <m).

AN ACT for raising and adding another regiment to the military establishment of
the United Slates and for making further provision for the protection of the fron-
tiers.

* * *

Sec. 5. That in case the President of the United States should deem
the employment of a . . . brigadier-general . . . essential
to the public interest, ... a brigadier-general so appointed may
choose his brigade major from the captains or subalterns of the
line. . . .

Sec. 6. That in case a . . . brigade major . . . should be
appointed, their pay and allowances shall be, respectively, as herein
mentioned: . . . That the brigade major be entitled, including
all allowances, to the same pay, rations, and forage as a major of a
regiment. . . .

Act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stats., &/).

AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision .for the protection of the
frontiers of the United States.

Sec. 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers . . .
on the military establishment of the United States . . . shall be, in
future, as follows, free of all deductions, to wit: General staff: . . .
Adjutant, to do also duty of inspector, seventy-five dollars; . . .
brigade major, to act also as deputy inspector, in addition to his pay
in the line, twenty-four dollars. . . .

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 67

Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stat*., 430).

AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United
States and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the monthly pay of the officers ... on the mili-
tary establishment of the United States be as follows, to wit: General
staff: . . . Adjutant-General, to do also the duty of inspector,
seventy-five dollars; . . . brigade major to act also as deputy
inspector, in addition to his pay in the line, twentj T -four dollars.

* * *

Sec. 11. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provision, to wit: ... A lieutenant-colonel commandant,
. . . six rations; . . . brigade major, . . . four rations,
. . . or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers, at
the contract price, at the posts, respectively, where the rations shall
become due.

Sec. 12. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever

forage shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the

following-enumerated sums, per month, instead thereof, to wit: ...

Adjutant-General, . . . twelve dollars; . . . brigade major,

. . ten dollars. . . .

Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., 1,83).
AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . one brigadier-general, who

may choose his brigade major from the captains or subalterns of the
line; which brigade major shall receive the monthly pay of twenty-four
dollars in addition to his pay in the line, be entitled to four rations
of provisions for his daily subsistence, and whenever forage shall not
be furnished by the public to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof;
. . . one inspector, 1 who shall do the duty of Adjutant-General,

Sec. 23. That the general staff, as authorized by this act, shall con-
tinue in service until the fourth day of next March, and no longer.

Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507).

AN ACT to amend and repeal in part the act intituled "An act to ascertain and fix
the military establishment of the United States."

Sec. 2. That there shall be one brigadier- general, who may choose
his brigade major . . . from the captains and subalterns in the

The Inspector-General acting as Adjutant-General is entitled tender this act to
$25 in addition to his pay in the line, six rations per day, and $12 per month for
forage.

68 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

line (to . whom there shall be allowed the monthly pay of

twenty -five dollars in addition to his pay in the line and two rations
extraordinary per da}\ and whenever forage shall not be furnished
by the public to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof). . . .

Act of May 22, 1798 (1 Stats., 557).

AN ACT to amend the act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act
entitled 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United
States.' "

Sec. 1. That the brigadier-general who is now, or may hereafter
be, in the service of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized
to choose his brigade major . . . from the commissioned officers
in the line of the Army; and that so much of the second section of the
act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act entitled 'An
act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States ' "
as confines the choice of brigade major ... to the captains and
subalterns of the line be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558).
AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army.

Sec. 6. That whenever the President shall deem it expedient he is
hereby empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
to appoint ... an Adjutant-General, who shall have the rank, pay,
and emoluments of a brigadier-general; . . . and the President is
hereby authorized alone to appoint from time to time, when he shall
judge proper, assistant inspectors to every separate portion of the
Army, consisting of one or more divisions, who shall be deputy
adjutant-generals thereof, respectively, and who shall be taken from
the line of the Army, and allowed in addition to their pay eight dollars
per month; . . .

Sec. 7. . . . Provided, That in case the President shall judge
it expedient to appoint ... an Adjutant-General ... in
the recess of the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make . . .
said appointments and grant commissions thereon which shall expire
at the end of the next session of the Senate thereafter.
* * *

Sec. 9. That the . . . Adjutant-General . . . who may be
appointed by virtue of this act shall . . . continue in commission
during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for the
public service. . . .

Sec. 10. That no . . . staff officer who shall be appointed by
virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive pay or emoluments until
he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he
shall continue therein. . . .

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 69

Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 604).
AN ACT to augment the Army of the United States, and for other purposes.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . one Adjutant-General, with

one or more assistant or assistants (to be taken from the line of the
Army), ...

Sec. 4. . . . The Adjutant-General shall be entitled to the rank,
pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general. . . .

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 71$).

AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment to
serve . . . as an assistant to the Adjutant-General, by whatsoever
name, the place of such officer in his regiment shall be supplied by
promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but the
officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment,
and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not
been detached.

Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed . . . as an assistant
to the Adjutant-General who when appointed shall be of a rank higher
than that of captain.

* * *

Sec. 14. That the Adjutant-General of the Army shall be ex officio
assistant inspector-general, and that every deputy inspector-general
shall be ex officio deputy adjutant-general, and snail perform the duties
of adjutant-general in the army to which he shall be annexed.

Act of April 22, 1800 (2 Stats., 38).

AN ACT to fix the compensation of the Paymaster-General and assistant to the

Adjutant-General.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the pay of the assistant of the Adjutant-General, in
addition to his pay and other emoluments in the line of the Army,
shall be forty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation
for his extra services and travelling expenses, to be computed from
the time of his entering upon actual service.

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).

AN ACT to fix the military j>eace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one adjutant and inspector of
the Army, 1 to be taken from the line of field officers. . . .

1 Under this act the offices of Adjutant-General and Inspector-General were united.

70 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows,
to wit: ... To the adjutant and inspector of the Avmy, thirty-
eight dollars in addition to his pay in the line. . . .

Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to
receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of
provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations;
a major, four rations, ... or money in lieu thereof at the option
of the said officers ... at the posts respectively when the rations
shall become due; and if at such posts supplies are not furnished by
contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having
reference to former contracts and the position of the place in ques-
tion; . . . and to every commissioned officer who shall keep one
servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration.

Act of April 1<2, 1808 {2 Stats., 1,81).

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force.
* * *

Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United
States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other
than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which
appointments shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for
their advice and consent.

Sec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue
of this act shall be a citizen of the United States or some one of the
Territories thereof.

Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.

* *

Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . five brigadier-gen-
erals, each of whom shall be allowed a brigade major, . . . to be
taken from the captains and subalterns of the line; and there shall
also be appointed one Adjutant-General, . . . with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of a brigadier-general. The said Adjutant-General
shall be allowed one or more assistants, not exceeding three, to be
taken from the line of the Army, with the same pay and emoluments
as by this act are allowed to a lieutenant-colonel.

Sec. 5. That when an officer is detached to serve ... as an
assistant to the Adjutant-General ... on the appointment of a
general officer ... he shall not thereby lose his rank.

Sec. 6. . . . The brigadier-generals, respectively, shall be
entitled to one hundred and four dollars monthly pay, twelve rations
per day, and sixteen dollars per month for forage when not found by
the public.

* * *

Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer who may be appointed by
virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments
until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time
than he shall continue therein.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 71

Act of May 16, 1812 (2 Stats., 735).

AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 4. That each brigade major provided b\ r law shall be allowed
twenty-four dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line.

* * *

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 782).

AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States.

That ... to the brigade majors, under the act passed January
the eleventh, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, there shall be
allowed for forage for one horse, or in lieu thereof ten dollars per
month. . . .

Act of July 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 78/+).

AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

[Authorizes the President to appoint two additional brigadier-gen-
erals] who shall each be entitled to the same number of . . . brigade
majors as are allowed to a brigadier-general under the act of Congress
passed the eleventh of January, one thousand eight hundred and
twelve. And the said . . . brigade majors shall be entitled to
receive the same pay and emoluments as are by law allowed to officers
of the same grade.

Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in
which the Adjutant-General . . . shall serve, it shall be lawful for
tho President to appoint one deputy adjutant-general, . . . who
shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall each, in addi-
tion to his pay and other emoluments, be entitled to fifty dollars per
month, which shall be in ull compensation for his extra services. And
that there shall be to each of the foregoing deputies such number of
assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the pub-
lic service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken from the
line, and who shall each be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in
addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in full com-

Sensation for his extra services: And provided oho, That the Presi-
ent of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint
any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the Senate, to
be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting, for their advice and
consent.

Sec. 3. That all letters and packages to and from the Adjutant-Gen-
eral . . . shall be free from postage.

* * *

Act of February 24, 1813 (2 Stats., 801).
AN ACT making provision for an additional Dumber of general officers.

That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint
. . . six brigadier-generals, who shall be allowed a brigade major
. . . , to be taken also from the officers of the line.

Sec. 2. That the officers authorized by this act shall receive the

sa pay. forage, rations, and other emoluments as the officers of the

same grade of the present military establishment.

72 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 819).

AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Arrnv of the United

States.

That the Adjutant-General's . . . departments shall consist of
the following officers: That is to sa} r , an Adjutant and Inspector Gen-
eral, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general, and
not exceeding eight adjutants-general, sixteen assistant adjutants-
general, . . .

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby,
authorized, if he shall deem it expedient, to assign one of the briga-
diers-general to the principal Army of the United States, who shall in
such case act as Adjutant and Inspector General and as chief of the
staff of such Army. . . .

Sec. 3. That all the other adjutants-general shall have the brevet
rank and the pay and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry.
The assistant adjutants-general . . . shall have the brevet rank
and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. . . .

Sec. 4. That the assistant adjutants-general . . . shall be taken
from line. The adjutants-general . . . may be taken from the
line or not, as the President may deem expedient. . . .

* * *

Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the adjutant and
inspector general, adjutants-general, . . . which relate to their
official duties, shall be free from postage.

May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged
proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically
made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special
authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, with-
out material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the

GENERAL STAFF.

* * *

One adjutant and inspector general and two adjutant-generals, to be provisionally

retained.

* * *

(General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.)

Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff, and making further provisions for the Army

of the United States.

That in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish-
ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight
hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff,
be, and the same are hereby, so far as established, that the general
staff shall in future consist of one adjutant and inspector general of
the Army and one adjutant-general.

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.
* * *

Sec. 5. That there shall be one major-general, with two aids de-camp,
two brigadier-generals, each with one aid-de-camp; and that the aids-

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT 73

de-camp be taken from the subalterns of the line, and, in addition to
their other duties, shall perform the duties of assistant adjutant-
general.

Sec. 6. That there shall be one adjutant-general, . . . with the
rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry.

Act of March 2, 1827 (4. Stats., 238).

AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department.
* * *

Sec. 4. That . . . the Adjutant-General, ... be author-
ized to frank, and to receive letters and packets by post free of post-
age. . . .

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

A N ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for

other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 7. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is
hereby, authorized to appoint so many assistant adjutants-general, not
exceeding two, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a major,
and not exceeding four, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of
a captain of cavalry, as he may deem necessary ; and that they shall
be taken from the line of the Army, and in addition to their own, per-
form the duties of assistant inspectors-general when the circumstances
of the service may require.

Sec. 8. That the officers to be taken from the line and transferred
to the staff, under the last preceding section, shall receive only the pay
and emoluments attached to their rank in the staff, but their transfer
shall be without prejudice to their rank and promotion in the line,
according to their said rank and seniority; which promotion shall take
place according to usage, and in the same manner as if they had not
tli us been transferred.

Act of March 3, 1839 (5 Stats., 352).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act regulating the pay and emoluments of
brevet officers," passed April 16, 1818.

That from and after the passing of this act the act entitled "An
net regulating the pay and emoluments of brevet officers," approved
April sixteenth, eignteen hundred and eighteen, be, and the same shall
be, BO construed as to include the case of the Adjutant-General of the
United States.

Act of June 18, 181$ (9 Stats., 17).

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act to provide for the prosecution of
the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,." and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby
is, authorized to appoint as many additional assistant adjutant-generals,

74 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

not exceeding four, as the service may require, who shall be appointed,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in the same manner,
have the same brevet rank, pay, and emoluments, and be charged with
the same duties, as those now authorized by law: Provided, That these
additional appointments shall continue only so long as the exigencies
of the service may render necessaiy.

Act of March 3, 18Jfl {9 Stats., 184).

AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general offices, and for other

purposes.

Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Adjutant-General's Depart-
ment one assistantadjutant-general, with the rank, pay, arid emoluments
of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalrj 7 , and two assistant adjutants-general,
with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry, to
be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, in the same manner and be charged with the same duties
as those authorized b} r existing laws.

* * *

Sec. 20. That the provisions of the sixth section of the act entitled
"An act respecting the organization of the Army," etc., approved
August twenty-third, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two,
which allow additional rations to certain officers of the Army, be, and
the same are hereby, so extended as to embrace the . . . Adjutant-
General of the Army from the date of the act.

* * *

Sec. 22. That all the officers appointed . . . under this act
shall be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico. . . .

Act of My 19, 1848 (9 Stats., &7).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act
providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and
the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes.

Sec. 3. That so much of . . . the act of the third of March,
eighteen hundred and forty -seven, as requires the discharge at the
close of the war with Mexico of an assistant adjutant-general, with
the rank, pay, etc., of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and two assist-
ant adjutants-general, with the brevet rank, pay, etc., of a captain of
cavalry, as authorized by the second section of the said act of the
third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, . . . be, and
the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy happening
under the provisions so repealed shall be tilled up until further author
ized by law. . . .

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 75

Act of March 2, 181,9 (9 Stats, 351).

AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff, and for an additional number
of chaplains of the Army of the United States.

Sec. 4. . . . that so much of the proviso to the third section of
the act approved July nineteenth, eighteen hundred and forty-eight,
as relates to officers of the Adjutant-General's Department be, and
the same is hereby, repealed.

Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595).

AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and disabled
soldiers of the Army of the United States.

Sec. 2. That . . . the Adjutant-General shall be, ex officio,
commissioners of the same. . . .

August 31, 1852 (10-105). Sec. 15. Adjutant-General Roger Jones to be allowed
the pay, etc., of his commission as Adjutant-General from the date of the reduction
of the Army in 1821, until March 7, 1825, when he was restored to his rank in the
staff.

Act of July 22, 1861 (12 Stats., 268).

AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws
and protecting public property.

Sec. 3. . . . each division shall have . . . one assistant
adjutant-general with the rank of major. Each brigade . . . shall have
. . . one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of captain. . . .

Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287).
AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.

Sec. 2. . . . That hereafter the Adjutant-General's Department
shall consist of the following officers, namely: One adjutant-general,
with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant
adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel
of cavalry; two assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and
emoluments each of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; four assistant
adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a major
of cavalry; and twelve assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay,
itiid emoluments each of a captain oi cavalry; . . . and to be taken
from the line of the Army, either ot the volunteers or Regular Army.

76 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 594).

AN ACT to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and for

other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 22. That there shall be added to the Adjutant-General's Depart-
ment by regular promotion of its present officers, one colonel, two
lieutenant-colonels, and nine majors; and that the grade of captain in
said department shall thereafter be abolished, and all vacancies occur-
ring in the grade of major shall be filled by selections from among the
captains of the Army.

Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597).

AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eight, sev-
enteen hundred and ninety-five, and the act amendatory thereof, and for other
purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That each army corps shall have . . . one assistant
adjutant-general, . . . who shall bear . . . the rank of lieu-
tenant-colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volunteer
force by the President. . . .

March 11, 1864 (13 Stats., 20).

AN ACT to establish a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United

States.

* * *

Sec. 11. That it shall be the duty of the commander of the army
corps to transmit to the Adjutant-General the names and rank of all
officers and enlisted men detailed for service in the ambulance corps
of such army corps, stating the organizations from which they may
have been so detailed; and if such officers and men belong to volunteer
organizations the Adjutant-General shall thereupon notify the gov-
ernors of the several States in which such organizations were raised
of their detail for such service; and it shall be the duty of the com-
mander of the army corps to report to the Adjutant-General from
time to time the conduct and behavior of the officers and enlisted men
of the ambulance corps, and the Adjutant-General shall forward cop-
ies of such reports, so far as they relate to officers and enlisted men of
volunteer organizations, to the governors of the States in which such
organizations were raised.

Act of July 28, 1866 (14 Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall
hereafter consist of the officers now authorized by law, viz: One
Adjutant-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 77

general; two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emol-
uments of colonels of cavalry; four assistant adjutants-general, with
the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; and
thirteen assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of majors of cavalry.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the adjutants-general . . . shall hereafter be ap-
pointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. . . .

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in the Adjutant-General's Depart-
ment. . . .

Resolution, of April 10, 1869 (16 Stats., 53). '

JOINT RESOLUTION concerning vacancies in the Adjutant-General's Department.

That the vacancies existing in the Adjutant-General's Department
at the time of the passage of the act approved March third, eighteen
hundred and sixty-nine, "making appropriations for the support of
the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and
seventy, and for other purposes," be, and the same is hereby, exempted
from the operation of said act.

June 10, 1872 (17-347). The unfinished business of the Bureau of Refugees, Freed-
men, etc., was turned over to the Adjutant-General July 1, 1872, who exercised con-
trol until January 1, 1879, when the Bureau was ordered closed and all papers relating
to payment of bounties, etc., to be turned over to the Paymaster-General. It was
finally closed in the Adjutant-General's Office June 30, 1879.

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 578).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled " An act making appropriations for the support of
the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy,"
approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine.

That the sixth section of an act entitled "An act making appropria-
tions for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth,
eighteen hundred and seventy," approved March third, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-nine, is so far modified as to authorize and permit the
President of the United States to nominate, and, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint one assistant adjutant-
general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major in the said
department.

Act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 4-78).
AN ACT to reduce and fix the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army.

That the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall hereafter
consist of one Adjutant-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments

78 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

of a brigadier-general; two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of colonels; four assistant adjutants-general,
with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels; and ten
assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of
majors.

Sec. 2. That so much of section six of the act entitled "An act
making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur-
poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as
applies to the Adjutant-General's Department, be, and the same is
hereby, repealed.

March 8, 1875 {18-515). Maj. N. H. McLean, late of the Army, to be appointed to
first vacancy in lowest grade of the Adjutant-General's Department, or be reinstated
and retired with rank to which he would have attained at the date of this act.
[Major McLean was appointed lieutenant-colonel and assistant adjutant-general
March 18, 1875, to rank from March 3, and was retired March 18, to date from
March 3.]

REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

An Adjutant-General's Department.

* * *

Sec. 1128. The Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall
consist of one Adjutant-General, with the rank of brigadier-general;
two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry;
four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of
cavalry; and thirteen assistant adjutants-general, with the rank of
major of cavalry.

Sec. 1129. All vacancies in the grade of major in the Adjutant-
General's Department shall, when filled, be filled by selection from
captains of the Army.

Sec. 1130. Assistant adjutants-general shall, in addition to their own
duties, perform those of assistant inspectors-general when the con-
venience of the service requires them to do so.

* * *

Sec. 1193. The adjutants-general, . . . shall be appointed by
selection from the corps to which they belong.

Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in the departments of Adjutant-
General. ...

* * *

Sec. 1647. Each division [of militia called into service] shall have
. . . one assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major. Each
brigade . . . shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general
witn the rank of captain, .

* * *

Sec. 4815. The . . . Adjutant-General shall constitute a board
of commissioners for the Soldiers' Home.

June 20, 1878 (20-206). Expenses of collection and disbursement of bounty, etc., to
colored soldiers, to be disbursed under direction of the Adjutant-General.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 79

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 56 '4).

AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in
the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That tho board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home
shall hereafter consist of . . . the Adjutant-General, . . .

# *

Act ofFel/ruary 28, 1887 (2J+ Stats., P %).

A \ ACT to effect a rearrangement of grades of office in the Adjutant-General's De-
partment of the Army.

That tho Adjutant- General's Department of the Army shall consist
of one Adjutant- General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of brig-
adier-general; four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and
emoluments of colonel; six assistant adjuntants-general, with the rank,
pa} T , and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel; and six assistant adjutants-
general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of major: Provided, That
the vacancies in the grade of colonel and lieutenant-colonel created by
this act shall be filled by the promotion by seniority of the officers
now in the Adjutant-General's Department.

Act of August 6, 1891,. (28 Stats., 233).

AX ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

Adjutant-General's Department: . . . J^avtded. That there shall
be no appointment of assistant adjutant-general with the rank of major
until the number of such officers in that grade shall be reduced below
four and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be
fixed at four, and hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the
lowest grade in the Adjutant-General's, . . . Department, respec-
tively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army.

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment ol the

United States in time of war, and for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall con-
sist of one assistant adjutant-general, . . . who shall have, . . .
the rank of lieutenant colonel; one assistant adjutant-general, who shall
have the rank of captain. . . . The stuff of the commander of a
division shall consist of one assistant adjutant-general, . . . who
shall have, . . . the rank of major. . . . The staff of the com-
mander of a brigade shall consist of one assistant adjutant-general,
. . . with the lank of captain.

80 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of May 18, 1898 (30 Stats., 419).

AN ACT to provide for the increased volume of work in the Adjutant-General's
Department of the Army, due to the calling out of volunteers and the increase of
the Regular Army.

That the President is authorized, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, to appoint one assistant adjutant-general with the rank
of colonel, and one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of major:
Provided, That the vacancy created in the grade of colonel by this act
shall be filled by the promotion of officers now in the Adjutant-Gen-
eral's Department according to seniority, and that upon the mustering
out of the volunteer forces and the reduction of the Regular Army to
a peace basis no appointments shall be made in the Adjutant-General's
Department until the number of officers in each grade in that depart-
ment shall be reduced to the number authorized by the law in force
prior to the passage of this act.

J. R., June 29, 1898 (30-749). Prohibition of purchase of books and periodicals by
act of March 15, 1898, and limitation, in section 1179, Revised Statutes, of amount to
be expended not to apply to the Military Information Division of the Adjutant-
General's Office.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 :<tats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of ... an Adjutant-General's
Department, .

* * *

Sec. 6. That the Adjutant-General's . . . Department shall
consist of the number of officers now in those departments, respec-
tively: Provided, That vacancies in the grade of major occurring in
either department shall hereafter be filled from captains in the line of
the Army: And provided further, That all such captains who have
evinced marked aptitude in the command of troops shall be reported
by their regimental commanders to the War Department and shall be
entitled to compete for any such vacancy under such system of exam-
ination as the President shall prescribe.

* * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in
service, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

Three assistant adjutants-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
and six assistant adjutants-general with the rank of major.

Act of June 6, 1900 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Military Academy for the fiscal
year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and one, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 3. That the Adjutant-General of the Army shall have the rank,
pay, and allowances of a major-general in the Army of the United

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL^ DEPARTMENT. 81

States, and on his retirement shall receive the retired pay of that rank:
Provided^ That whenever a vacancy shall occur in the office of Adju-
tant-General on the expiration of the service of the present incumbent
the Adjutant-General shall thereafter have the rank, pay, and allow-
ances of a brigadier-general.

Act of February 2, 1901 {31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States, . . shall consist of . .an Adjutant-General's Depart-
ment, .

* * *

Sec. 13. That the Adjutant-General's Department shall consist of
one Adjutant-General with the rank of major-general, and when a
vacancy shall occur in the office of Adjutant-General on the expira-
tion of the service of the present incumbent, by retirement or other-
wise, the Adjutant-General shall thereafter have the rank and pay of
a brigadier-general, five assistant adjutants-general with the rank of
colonel, seven assistant adjutants-general with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel, and fifteen assistant adjutants-general with the rank of major:
Provided, That all vacancies created or caused by this section shall, as
far as possible, be filled by promotion according to seniority of officers
of the Adjutant-General's Department.

* * *

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding permanent
appointments in the Adjutant-General's Department, . . . includ-
ing those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and
first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen,
twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted accord-
ing to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and
nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which
can be filled b}^ such promotions or to the periods for which the
officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any
vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall
occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section,
it ehall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more per-
manent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps
after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled.
Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist,
under such system of examination as the President may from time to
time prescribe.

All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the
expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and
officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible
for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two
years with the line.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff

corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by

and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at

large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office

S. Doc. 229 6

82 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

for terms of four j T ears. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or
department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans-
ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this
act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number
detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart-
ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the
staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If
under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any
particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized
by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the
number has been reduced to that authorized.

Act of March 0, 1901 {31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

* * *

Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest
grade in the Adjutant-General's Department, . . . may be made
from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-first,
eighteen hundred and ninety -eight. . . .

III. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

The Inspector-General's Department was first established under the
act of March 3, 1813, with an organization of eight inspectors-general
and sixteen adjutants-general.

The office of Inspector-General dates from December 13, 1777,
although Lieutenant-Colonel de la Balme, a French officer of cavalry,
was appointed by Congress July 8, 1777, Inspector-General of Cav-
alry; and on August 11 Monsieur du Coudray, a French artillery
officer, was appointed Inspector-General of Ordnance and Military
Manufactures. The Continental Congress resolved that two inspectors-
general be appointed, and Brig. Gen. Thomas Conway was elected^
but the other was not chosen. Fortunately, for the discipline of the
Army and the conduct of military operations, the proposed plan of
administering the inspectorship was not carried out, for its effect
would have placed the Inspector-General in direct communication with
Congress and the board of war. Although General Washington did
not employ Conway as Inspector-General, he still gave heed to the
duties of an office which ever held a high place in his mind, as on his
commendation Congress appointed Baron Steuben with the rank of
major-general. That the services of Baron Steuben had proved of
immense value to the Army was evidenced by the letter addressed him
by General Washington on the day (December 23, 1783) he resigned
his commission and retired to private life:

. . . "I wish to make use of this last moment of my public life to signify in
the strongest terms my entire approbation of your conduct, and to express my sense
of the obligation the public is under to you, for your faithful and meritorious services.

July 8, 1777. Col. Mottin de la Balme (Inspector-General of Cavalry).

Aug. 11, 1777. Mons. du Coudray (Inspector-General of Ordnance and Military
Stores).

Dec. 13, 1777. Maj. Gen. Thomas Conway, Inspector-General.

May 5, 1778. Major-General Baron Steuben, Inspector-General.

Apr. 17, 1784. Maj. William North, 1 Inspector.

July 3, 1788. Mr. John Stagg, Inspector.

, 1788. Lieut. Col. Francis Mentges, Inspector.

Mar. 10, 1792. Lieut. Henry de Butts, Fourth Infantry (Maryland), Acting Adjutant
and Inspector-General.

A pr. 11,1 792. Lieut. Col. Winthorp Sargent, 2 Militia (Massachusetts).

Feb. 23, 17i).'5. -Maj. Michael Rudolph, Light Dragoons (Georgia), Adjutant and
Inspector-General.

July 18, 1793. Sublegionary Inspector Edward Butler (Pennsylvania), Deputy Adju-
tant and Inspector-General.

May 13, 1794. Maj. John Mills, Second Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant-
General and Inspector.

'On the general disbandment of the Continental Army, Captain North, who had
l>een designated as inspector to the troops remaining in service, acted as Adjutant
and Inspector to October 28, 1787.

'Colonel Sargent declined the appointment, assigning as a reason that the office
was not attended with sufficient rank.

86 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Feb. 27,1796. Maj. Jonathan Haskell, Fourth Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting
Adjutant-General and Inspector.

Aug. 1, 1796. Capt. Edward Butler, Fourth Sublegion (Pennsylvania), Acting Adju-
tant-General and Inspector.

Feb. 27, 1797. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, ' First Infantry (Massachusetts), Inspector
and Adjutant-General.

July 18, 1798. Maj. Gen. Alexander Hamilton (New York), Inspector-General.

Mar. 26,1802. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, 2 First Infantry (Massachusetts), Adjutant
and Inspector.

Apr. 2, 1807. Maj. Abimael Y. Nicoll, of the Artillerists (New York).

July 6, 1812. Col. Alexander Smyth, Rifle Regiment, Inspector-General.

Mar. 12, 1813. Brig. Gen. Zebulon M. Pike 3 (New York), Adjutant and Inspector-
General.

May 9, 1814. Brig. Gen. William H. Winder (Maryland), Adjutant and Inspector-
General.

Nov. 22, 1814. Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector-
General.

Apr. 29, 1816. Col. John E. Wool (New York).

Oct. 1, 1820. Col. James Gadsden (South Carolina).

Nov. 10, 1821. CoLSamuel B. Archer (Virginia).

Dec. 21, 1825. Col. George Croghan (Kentucky).

Jan. 8, 1849. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Feb. 23, 1847) Sylvester Churchill (Vermont).

Aug. 9, 1861. Col. (Brig. Gen., Dec. 12, 1878) Randolph B. Marcy (Massachusetts) .

Jan. 2, 1881. Brig. Gen. Delos B. Sackett (New York).

Mar. 11, 1885. Brig. Gen. Nelson H. Davis (Massachusetts).

Sept. 20, 1885. Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird (Pennsylvania).

Aug. 20,1888. Brig. Gen. Roger Jones ( District of Columbia) .

Jan. 30,1889. Brig. Gen. Joseph C. Breckinridge (Kentucky).

J The act of March 3, 1797, permitted the Brigadier-General (General in Chief) to
select his inspector from the line of the Army. Major Cushing, not having relin-
guished his rank in the infantry on being appointed inspector, was selected by Gen-
eral Wilkinson, and continued to perform the duties of Inspector and Adjutant until
May 22, 1798.

2 The act of May 14, 1800, discontinued the office of Inspector-General, and the
duties of Adjutant and Inspector were performed, under detail, by Major Cushing
(whonesided in Washington) from June 15, 1800, to April 2, 1807.

"General Pike was killed, after the capture of York, Upper Canada, by the explo-
sion of a magazine, April 27, 1813. From this time until May 14, 1814, the office
remained vacant, the act of March 3, 1813, having been construed to the effect that
there could be but one Adjutant and Inspector General, who must either be an offi-
cer appointed and confirmed to that office or else a brigadier-general especially
designated by the President to perform the functions. The affairs of the office were
meanwhile administered bv Maj. C. K. Gardner, Assistant Adjutant-General, until
December 30, 1813, and from that date to May 28, 1814, by Col. J. De B. Walbach,
who was relieved at that date by Maj. John R. Bell, Assistant Inspector.

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

April 18, 1777. In the absence of a regular inspector, Congress requested General
Armstrong to inspect the magazines of provisions under the care of Commissary
Wharton.

July 8, 1777.

Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Mottin de la Balme be appointed
inspector-general of the cavalry of the United States of America, with
the tank and pay of colonel.

That Mons. Vallenais be appointed an aid to Mons. de la Balme,
with the rank and pay of a captain of cavalry.

July 16, 1777. Messrs. Hey ward, J. Adams, and Lovell were appointed a commit-
tee to confer with Mr. du Coudray, and inform him that while Congress can not com-
ply with the agreement he has entered into with Mr. Deane, yet, sensible of the
services he has rendered the United States and having a favorable opinion of his .
merit and abilities, they will cheerfully give him such rank and appointments as
shall not lje inconsistent with the honor and safety of the States or interfere with
the great duties they owe to their constituents.

August 11, 1777.

Resolved, That Mons. du Coudray be appointed inspector-general of
ordnance and military manufactories, with the rank of major-general.

Resolved, That a committee of four be appointed to define the powers
to be granted to and exercised by Mons. du Coudray.

The members chosen, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Duane, Mr. Heyward, and
Mr. S. Adams.

October 11, 1777. Colonel de la Balme resigned.

December 13, 1777.

Resolved, As the opinion of this Congress, that it is essential to the
promotion of discipline in the American Army, and to the reformation
of the various abuses which prevail in the different departments, that
an appointment be made of inspectors-general, agreeable to the practice
of the best disciplined European armies.

Resolved, That this appointment be conferred on experienced and
vigilant general officers, who are acquainted with whatever relates to
the general economy, manceuvers, and discipline of a well-regulated
army.

Resolved, That the duties of these officers be as follows:

To review, from time to time, the troops, and to see that every
officer and soldier be instructed in the exercise :md manoeuvers which,
may be established by the board of war, that the rules of discipline be
strictly observed, and that the officers command their Soldiers properly
and do them justice.

88 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Resolved, That the inspectors-general, respectively, shall give notice
to the commanders of regiments of the time which shall be fixed on
for such reviews, who are to prepare the following returns, models of
which are previously to be furnished by the inspector, viz:

A return of clothing.

A return of arms and accoutrements.

A return of recruits, with an account of the money laid out for that
purpose.

A return of the number and names of the wounded men, distinguish-
ing such as are fit for the corps of invalids and such as are totally unfit
for service.

A return of the loss sustained in the regiment by death, desertion,
or otherwise.

A return of the pay and rations drawn by each regiment.

A return of all the officers of each regiment, with observations upon
the behavior, capacity, and assiduity of every individual.

All the returns, when signed by the field officers of each regiment,
are to be carefully scrutinized by the Inspector-General, who, after
having made and added his remarks upon the same, is to sign and
transmit them to Congress.

Resolved, That the inspectors-general shall make these reviews in the
beginning and at the latter end of every campaign, and at such other
times as the Commander in Chief shall direct, or as they themselves
shall severally judge proper, or shall receive orders for that purpose
from the board of war, first giving notice thereof to the Commander in
Chief, and obtaining his leave for reviewing the said troops.

Resolved, That the inspectors-general, respectively, shall make this
review minutely, man by man, attending to the complaints and repre-
sentations of both soldier and officer, and transmitting to Congress
what petitions and grievances he shall think worthy of notice; that not
solely depending upon the accounts and characters of officers as given
him by the colonels of regiments, the inspectors-general shall examine
the said officers in person, direct them to command different manoeu-
vres, and take such measures as shall enable him to give an exact
account to Congress.

Resolved, That these reviews when closed be transmitted to Congress
by the inspector-general making the review, who is to furnish the
major of the respective regiments with a copy of the same, and to keep
another for his own government and assistance in proceeding to the
next review.

Resolved, That the inspectors-general shall examine from time to
time the pay books of the respective regiments, which are to be kept
in an uniform manner, agreeable to such regulations as may be estab-
lished for that purpose, giving immediate notice to Congress of any
malversation or mismanagement which he may discover.

Resolved, That it be referred to the commissioners of the war office
to report such further regulations for this office as they shall deem
calculated to extend its utility and to promote the end of its institution.

Resolved, That two inspectors-general be now appointed.

Congress proceeded to the election and, the ballots being taken,
Brigadier T. Conway was elected.

*******

Resolved, That another major-general be appointed in the Army of
the United States. The ballots being taken, Brigadier T. Conway was
elected.

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 89

March 22, 1778. "As a system of easy manoeuvres and exercises is to be intro-
duced, with a view of establishing uniformity in those points throughout the Army,
the commanding officers of brigades and regiments are desired to discontinue exer-
cising and manceuvreing their men by way of instructions, until new regulations shall
be distributed." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) [This was prepara-
tory to the introduction of Baron Steuben in the character of Inspector-General, and
the adoption of the new system of tactics proposed by him. General Washington at
this date was selecting proper subinspectors. ]

March 28, 1778. "The Baron Steuben, a lieutenant-general in foreign service and
a gentleman of great military experience, having obligingly undertaken to exercise
the office of Inspector-General in the Army, the Commander in Chief, till the
pleasure of Congress be known, desires he may be respected and obeyed as such,
and hopes and expects that all officers, of whatsoever rank, will afford him every
aid in their power in the execution of his office.

" Lieut. Colonels Davies, Brooks, Barber, and Mr. Ternant are appointed to act as
subinspectors; the three former retaining their rank and station in the line."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

March 29, 1778. "The following officers are appointed brigade inspectors, and are
to be obeyed and respected as such in their several respective brigades: Colonel
Tupper, in General Patterson's brigade; Lieut. Colonel Sprout, in General Glover's;
Major Wallace, in Woodford's; Major Cabell, in Weedon's; Major Hull, in Learned's;
Major Fish, in Poor's; Major Huling ? in the late Conway's; Captain Smith, in Var-
num's; Major Brimfield, in Maxwell's; Major Ryan, in the 1st Pennsylvania; Cap-
tain Inglis, in Mcintosh's; Captain McGowan, 2nd Pennsylvania." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

April 7, 1778. "Captain William Lewis is appointed brigade-inspector in General
Muhlenberg's brigade, and Captain Croghan in General Scott's." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Valley Forge. )

April 26, 1778. "Lieut. Colonel Fleury is to act as subinspector, and will attend
the Baron Steuben till circumstances will admit of assigning him a division of the
Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.)

May 5, 1778.

Resolved, That Congress approve General Washington's plan for the
institution of a well-organized inspectorship.

That Baron Steuben * he appointed to the office of Inspector-General,
with the rank and pay of major-general, his pay to commence from the
time he joined the Army and entered into the service of the United
States.

That there be two ranks of inspectors under the direction of the
Inspector-General, the first to superintend two or more brigades and
the other to be charged with the inspection of only one brigade.

1 Frederick William Augustus Steuben was a distinguished officer in the Prussian
armies. He reached America December 1, 1777, and served as a volunteer until his
appointment as Inspector-General, which was mainly secured by Washington's influ-
ence. No foreign officer rendered more important service to America. He had given
up an income, offices, and emoluments far greater than those he could hope For in
America, and from pure love of freedom entered as a volunteer, the service of the
United States, in which he died November 28, 1795.

" I have seen the Baron and his assistants seven long hours inspecting a brigade of
three small regiments. Every man not present must be accounted for; if in camp,
sick or well, they were produced or visited; every musket handled and searched;
cartridge boxes opened, even the flints and cartridges counted. Knapsacks unslung
and every article of clothing spread on the soldier's blanket, and tested by his little
book, whether what he had received from the United States within the year was
there; if not, to be accounted for. Hospitals, stores, laboratories, every place and
every thing was open to inspection and inspected, and what officer's mind was at ease
if losses or expenditures could not, on the day of searching, be fully and fairly
accounted for? The inspections were every month, and wonderful was the effect,
not only with regard to economy, but in creating a spirit of emulation between dif-
ferent corps. I nave known the subalterns of a regiment appropriate one of their
two rations to the bettering the appearance of their men, but this was at a later period
of the war, when supplies and payments were more ample and more regular."
[William North, in Kapp's Life of Steuben.]

90 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That the officers appointed inspectors receive, in addition to the pay
which they derive from their ranks, 30 dollars a month, and that the
brigade inspectors receive, in addition to their pay, 20 dollars a month.

That General Washington be authorized to appoint such persons to
be inspectors and brigade inspectors for the main Army as he shall
think best qualified to execute the several duties of those offices.

May 9, 1778. "Congress have been pleased to appoint Baron Steuben Inspector-
General with the rank of major-general, and the Commander in Chief, being invested
with powers to appoint the inspectors and brigade inspectors, continues in office
those who have already been nominated and appointed." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Valley Forge. ) [July 2, 1778, Baron Steuben was given the temporary com-
mand of Woodford's, Scott's, and the North Carolina brigades. July 22 General
Washington directed him to resume his office of Inspector-General and tendered
him his thanks for conducting the right wing of the Army from Brunswick to
Wright's Mills.]

May U, 1778.

Resolved, That it is the interest of the United States to employ
Mons. de la Neuville 1 [sr.] as inspector of the Army under the com-
mand of Major-General Gates.

* * *

Resolved, That Mr. de la Neuville's pay as inspector be 105 dollars
per month and six rations a day, his pay and rations to commence from
the time of his entering the service of the United States.

Resolved, That Mr. de la Neuville be informed that Congress will
be disposed, after an experience of his services as an inspector to the
army under General Gates, for the space of three months, to confer
on him such rank as his merits may justly entitle him to.

May 26, 1778.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to furnish
Baron Steuben with two good horses for his use.

June 4, 1778. "On the march, Lieut. Colonel Fleury will be attached to General
Lee's division; Lieut. Colonel Davies to General Stirling's; Lieut. Colonel Barber to
General Mifflin's; Major Ternant to General de La Fayette's; Lieut. Colonel Brooks
to General de Kalb's; and, as they will not be employed on the march in exercising
or maneuvering the troops, they are to fill the office of adjutant-general, each in his
respective division." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.)

June 15, 1778. "Till the duties of the office of Inspector-General shall be defined
and fixed by Congress, the Commander in Chief thinks proper to establish the fol-
lowing plan:

The functions of it are to comprehend the instituting a system of rules and regu-
lations for the exercise of the troops in the manual and maneuvers; for their forma-
tion for the purposes of exercise on guard and on detachments, and for camp and

J The appointment of Mr. de la Neuville, sr., was predicated on the following
reasons: Recommended by Baron de Wormser, lieutenant-general in the French
service, as an officer of great zeal, activity, and knowledge; recommended to
General Washington by the Marquis de Bonilli, governor of Martinico, as an intel-
ligent officer, not only acquainted with the theory but the practice of war, having
served in several campaigns in Germany; by Mr. Merlet, quartermaster-general of
the French army, and further by the favorable testimonies of the Marquis de
La Fayette, and Major-General Conway. October 14, 1778, Mr. de la Neuville, sr.,
was granted a brevet commission of brigadier-general, to date August 14, 1778, and
on the 4th of December following Congress directed that a certificate be given him
by the President, in the words following: "Mr. de la Neuville, having served with
fidelity and reputation in the Army of the United States, in testimony of his merit,
a brevet commission of brigadier has been granted him by Congress, and, on his
request, he is permitted to leave the service of these States and return to France."

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 91

garrison duty, by which is to be understood whatever relates to the service of guards,
the ordinary routine of duty in and the internal policy of camps and garrisons; in
the execution of which rules and regulations the Inspector-General and his assistants
shall be employed as hereafter specified.

All rules and regulations shall first be approved and authorized by the Commander
in Chief, and either published in general orders or otherwise communicated through
the Adjutant-General, from whom the division and brigade inspectors will receive
them and communicate them to the major-generals and brigadiers, and to their
respective divisions and brigades.

. . . The division and brigade inspectors will assist in their execution [mili-
tary maneuvers and exercises] under the immediate orders of the major-generals,
brigadiers, and colonels commanding.

. . . Grand maneuvers will be occasionally executed by the Inspector-General,
with particular brigades or with detachments from the line. . . . The Inspector-
General will occasionally attend the troops while exercising. His directions relative
to their exercise agreeably to the rules laid down are to be observed by every officer
of inferior rank who may command. When any new maneuver is to be introduced,
it is, in the first instance, to be performed by the division or brigade inspector, after
which the brigadier or colonel will take the command. Each division inspector shall
attend his major-general when he is of the day, and under his directions assist the
field officers of the day in examining whether the duty of the guards is performed
according to rule. Each brigade inspector shall likewise attend his brigadier when
he is of the day, for the same purpose. On the daily parade of the guard, the
Inspector-General, if present, or the subinspector of the day, is to exercise the
parade under the orders of the major-general of the day. The division and brigade
inspectors are immediately to furnish their respective major and brigadier generals
with all the regulations which have been heretofore made." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Vallet/ Forge. )

June 16, 1778. "Captain Archibald Anderson, of the 2nd Maryland regiment, is
appointed brigade inspector to the 2nd Maryland brigade." (Ordeis, General Head-
quarters, VaUey Fbrge.)

July 29, 1778.

The Board of War further reported : l

That Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville [jr.] since the month of Decem-
ber has acted as aid-de-camp to Major-General Conway, and since the

1 Mr. de la Neuville, aid-de-camp to the Marquis de La Fayette, was promoted to
lieutenant-colonel by brevet; February 4, 1779, Congress denied his petition for a
brevet commission of lieutenant-colonel, although the Marquis had addressed a letter
to Congress in his favor on Decern l)er 22, 1778; February 10, 1779, at his request, Mr.
Noirmont de la Neuville was authorized to return to France; April 1, 1779, the Board
of War having reported that Mr. Noirmont de la Neuville is a brevet major, and as
as such entitled to neither the pay nor subsistence allowed to a major, Congress
authorized him to repair to the Southern Army under General Lincoln, and granted
him the pay and subsistence of a major during the ensuing campaign. October 18,
1779, Congress resolved "That Major de la Neuville, who has served two campaigns
in the American Army, and has obtained very honorable testimonials of his merit,
valor, and services in the several capacities in which he has been employed, be
appointed a lieutenant-colonel by brevet in the Army of the United States. That
Ueiitenant-t olonel Noirmont de la Neuville have leave to return to France." Octo-
ber 21, 1779, the Board of War having represented that Mons. Noirmont de la Neu-
ville had represented his uneasiness lest nis not being gratified with the rank and
command of a lieutenant-colonel should create disagreeable comparisons between the
supposed ideas entertained by Congress of his merit and that of those enjoying such
command, ( 'ongress resolved: "That Congress entertain a very favorable opinion of
the personal merit and military character of Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville, which
he has evidence! 1 (Hi every occasion presenting itself to him daring his service in
America; but a re-formation of the Army having lately taken place, which renders it
Inconsistent with the arrangement as now settled to grant commands in the line to
gentlemen under Mr. Noirmont's circumstances, has prevented his having a commis-
sion of the same nature with some others, though his merit and services would other-
wi-e entitle him thereto." [As the brevet of lieutenant-colonel had already been
conferred upon Mr. de Neuville by the resolve of October 27, 1778, the denial of his
petition for promotion must have been because, as seemingly indicated in the resolve
of October 21, 1779, he sought a commission of that grade iii the line.]

92 LEGISLATIVE HISTOBY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

appointment of his brother as inspector to the Northern Army has dis-
charged the duties of deputy inspector with uncommon assiduity and
much satisfaction to the officers and men of the Northern Army;
whereupon,

Resolved, That Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville have the rank of a
major by brevet in the American Army.

September 25, 1778.

Resolved, That Mr. John Ternant 1 be appointed a lieutenant-colonel
in the service of the United States, and be ordered to repair to South
Carolina forthwith, to perform the duties of inspector to the troops in
the service of these States in South Carolina and Georgia; that he
report his proceedings as inspector, from time to time, to the board
of war and Inspector-General, conforming himself to such regulations
as are or shall be established by Congress for the Inspector-General's
Department; and, until he shall be duly notified of the plan of the
department being arranged and confirmed by Congress, that he govern
himself as near as may be by the rules and practice pursued by Baron
Steuben, during his having executed the office of inspector-general
with the grand army, procuring the approbation and authority of the
officer commanding the troops of the United States in the said States
of South Carolina and Georgia, in all matters relative to the discipline
of the troops and the police of the camps, garrisons, or quarters,
previous to their being put in practice by him as inspector.

Resolved, That Mr. Ternant be allowed the pay and subsistence of a
lieutenant-colonel from the 26th of March last.

February 18, 1779.

Resolved, That there be an Inspector-General to the armies of the
United States, with the rank of major-general, who, in all future
appointments, shall be taken from the line of major-generals;

That the duty of the Inspector-General shall principally consist in
forming a system of regulations, for the exercise of the troops in the
manual evolutions and manoeuvres, for the service of guards and
detachments, and for camp and garrison duty;

That the Inspector-General and his assistants shall review the troops
at such times and places, and receive such returns for that purpose, as
the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall
direct; at which reviews he or they shall inspect the number and con-
dition of the men, their discipline and exercise, the state of their arms,
accoute*rments, and clothes; observing what of these articles have been
lost or spoiled since the last review, and, as nearly as possible, by
what means; reporting the same, with the deficiencies and neglects,
to the Commander in Chief, or the commanding officer of a detach-
ment, and to the board of war;

That all new manoeuvres shall be introduced by the Inspector-Gen-
eral, and all old ones performed according to the established princi-
ples, under his superintendency; but he shall not introduce or practice

1 Lieutenant-Colonel Ternant having had two riding horses impressed by the State
of South Carolina during the siege of Charleston, Congress, October 16, 1780, ordered
the quartermaster-general to furnish him with two good horses.

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 93

any regulations relative to the objects of his department, save such as
are made and established in manner following, all regulations whatso-
ever to be finally approved and established by Congress. But the
exigence of the service requiring it, temporary ones may, from time
to time, be introduced by the Inspector-General with the approbation
of the Commander in Chief. These regulations to be communicated to
the Army through the Adjutant-General, and to be transmitted to the
board of war with all convenient despatch, that, after being examined
and reported by them to Congress, they may be rejected, altered,
amended, or confirmed, as Congress shall deem proper;

That there be as many subinspectors as the Commander in Chief or
commanding officer in a detachment shall, on consideration of the
strength and situation of the Army, from time to time, deem neces-
sary, to be taken from the line of lieutenant-colonels, and to receive
their instructions relative to the department from the Inspector-
General ;

That there be one brigade inspector to each brigade, who shall be
one of the majors in the brigade; and that the office of brigade inspector
shall in future be annexed to that of major of brigade. He shall
accordingly keep a roster of the battalions of his brigade, regulate all
the details and take care of the formation and march of all guards,
detachments, &c, from the brigade. He is to receive the general
orders and communicate them to the commanding officers of the bri-
gades and regiments, and, through the adjutants, to all the officers of the
brigade. He is, so far as concerns his brigade, to inspect the police
of the camp, the discipline and order of the service. In time of action
he is to assist in executing the necessary manoeuvres of the brigade,
according to the orders of the brigadier or officer commanding. He is
to do no duty in the line;

That all the officers of the inspectorship having appointments in the
line shall retain their rights of command, succession, and promotion
in the same manner as if they had not assumed the office. But as the
duties of this department are sufficient to employ their whole time,
they are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands, except
on particular occasions, when the Commander in Chief or commanding
officer in a detachment may deem it necessary to invest them with com-
mand. They are to be exempted from all common camp and garrison
duty, that they may attend the more carefully to those of the inspec-
tion; and in time of action they are to be employed in assisting in the
execution of the field manoeuvres;

That the Inspector-General, so far as relates to the inspector of the
Army, be subject to the orders of Congress, the board of war, and the
Commander in Chief only; but the subinspectors shall also be subject
to the officers commanding the divisions and brigades to which they
are attached, on the principles herein established;

That there be allowed to the Inspector-General, in consideration of
the extraordinary expenses which attend the execution of his office,
84 dollars per month, in addition to the pay and rations of a major-
general, heretofore provided.

March 29, 1779. Baron Steuben having prepared a system of regulations for the
infantry, which was highly commended by hoth General Washington and the Board
of War, Congress adopted the system of tactics and ordered its publication and distri-
bution to the Army.

94 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

April 5, 1779.

Resolved, That Baron Steuben, Inspector-General, be informed by
the President that Congress entertain a high sense of his merit, dis-
played in a variety of instances, but especially in the system of mili-
tary order and discipline formed and presented by him to Congress.

May 13, 1779. "Major Cabell is appointed . . . inspector to General Muh-
lenberg's brigade, and Major Croghan to General Woodford's." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Middlebrook. )

May 26, 1779. ' ' Lieutenant-Colonel Regnier is appointed a subinspector. ' ' ( Orders,
General Headquarters, Middlebrook. )

June 12, 1779. "Lieutenant-Colonel Harmar is appointed subinspector to the
Pennsylvania Division." (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.)

June 21, 1779. "Colonel Davies, as eldest subinspector, will do the duty of Adju-
tant-General during said time [temporary absence of the Adjutant-General with the
Commander in Chief ]. " (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.)

June m, 1779.

Resolved, That majors, in consideration of their extra duty, acting
as brigade inspectors . . . receive 44 dollars per month, in addi-
tion to their regimental pay.

* * -X-

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General for the time being be also
Assistant Inspector-General.

June24, 1779. " Colonel Williams, of the Maryland line, is appointed subinspector."
( Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. )

July 1, 1779. " Henry McCormick, esq,, late brigade major to the 1st Pennsylvania
Brigade, is appointed to do the duties of . . . brigade inspector to the light
corps under Brigadier-General Wayne." (Orders, General Headquarters, New
Windsor. )

July 6, 1779.

Resolved, That, in consideration of their extra duties and service, the
officers in the arm}' of these States serving as sub and brigade inspect-
ors be allowed, the former three rations a day and forage for three
horses, and the latter two rations a day and forage for two horses, in
lieu of all former rations and forage, both as officers in the line and as
inspectors; their subsistence money as officers in the line to remain as
heretofore.

July 11, 1779. " Lieutenant-Colonel Grosvenor,of the Connecticut line,is appointed
subinspector." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.)

July 26, 1779. Congress voted a silver medal to Lieutenant-Colonel Fleury for
distinguished gallantry in the assault of the enemy's works at Stoney Point.

August 11, 1779. "Lieutenant-Colonel Sprout is appointed subinspector in the
Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' s House.)

August 23, 1779.

Ordered, That Major Noirmont de la Neuville be allowed the pay
and subsistence of a major while he shall continue a volunteer with
the Army. . '

September 27, 1779. Colonel Fleury was granted leave of absence for nine months.

December 17, 1779. " Lieutenant-Colonel Barber is to do the duty of subinspector
in Major-General Lord Stirling's division, and Lieutenant-Colonel Regnier in the
division composed of Clinton's and Stark's brigades." ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Morristown.)

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 95

December 24, 1779. " Major Church, of the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment, is appointed
brigade . . . inspector to General Hand's brigade." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Morristown.)

January 1, 1780. "Captain Brice, of the* 3d Maryland Regiment, is appointed
brigade . . . inspector of the 1st Maryland Brigade till further orders."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristoicn. )

January 12, 1780.

Resolved, That Mr. Galvan receive the commission of major in the
Arm}^ of the United States, and be employed in the inspectorship, as
the Commander in Chief shall direct.

* * *

Resolved, That in future the business of mustering the troops be
performed by the inspectors of the Army, in such manner and under
such regulations as the Commander in Chief shall direct, who is hereby
authorized to make the arrangements respecting the same to Congress.

January 26, 1780. " Captain William Van Lear, of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment,
having done the duty of . . . brigade inspector of the 2nd Pennsylvania Brigade
from the 12th day of December last, is appointed brigade . . . inspector of the
same till further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

July 6, 1780. "Lt. Col. Barber is requested to undertake the subinspectorship of
Hand's, Maxwell's, and Stark's brigades." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness. )

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses
be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be
by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa-
rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag-
gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit:

* * *

Inspector-General, for his baggage according to his rank, and for
his papers, etc., according as the service may require or Com-
mander in Chief may direct 1 bathorse.

Snbinspector ,... 1 two-horse wagon.

Brigade inspector 1 two-horse wagon.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and
bathorses by these regulations there be issued ... as many
rations as the service shall require.

. . . ; Inspector-General agreeable to his rank; subinspector,
in addition to what he draws in the line, one; . . .

August 3, 1780. "Major Pettingill, of the 9th Massachusetts Regiment, is appointed
brigade inspector to the 4tb Massachusetts Brigade from the 25th of July last."

"Capt. Ashley, of the 1st Massachusetts Regt. (entitled to a majority), is appointed
brigade inspector pro tern, to the 2nd Massachusetts Brigade." (Orders, General
Headquarters, I'eeksklll. )

August 5, 1780. "Lt. Col. Smith is appointed inspector and will consider the light
infantry in his department."

"Major Rice is appointed inspector to Stark's brigade."

"Major Scott, as oldest brigade inspector in General McDougaH'Svdivision, will do
the duty of inspector to the division." (Orders, General Headquarters, I'eeksklll.)

Au(/ust8, 1780. "Capt. Moses White, of Colonel Ilazen's Regt., is appointed tc do
the duty of brigade inspector in General Poor's brigade till further orders, vice
Major Scott, indisposed." (Orders, General I lend quarters, Oranyeloirn.)

August ,;<.), 1780. "From the deficiency of field officers in the Jersey brigade, and
more particularly in the regiment to which Lt. Col. Barber belongs, be is permitted
for the present to decline the duties of insjHJctor and confine himself to those of his

96 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

regiment. Major Fish will in the meantime perform the duties of division inspector. ' '
( Orders, General Headquarters, Tean Neck. )

September 8, 1780. "Major Rosekrans will do the duty of brigade inspector to
Clinton's Brigade during Major Fish's' absence." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Steenrapia. )

September 16, 1780. "Major James Moore is appointed inspector to the 1st Penn-
sylvania Brigade from the 21st of July last." (Orders, General Headquarters, Steen-
rapia. )

September #5, 1780.

PLAN OF THE INSPECTING AND MUSTERING DEPARTMENT.

Whereas the institution of this department hath been found of great
utility to the armies of these United States, and experience hath shown
that it may be rendered still more useful by any extension of its powers
and objects: Therefore

Resolved, That the former establishment, by a resolution of the 18th
of February, 1779, and all subsequent resolutions relative thereto, be
repealed, and the department hereafter have the following form, pow-
ers, and privileges:

There shall be an inspector-general with the main army of the United
States, to be appointed by Congress, who shall be allowed two secre-
taries, in addition to the aids he is allowed in the line of the Army, to
be taken from the line of captains and subalterns, who shall receive, in
addition to their pay, 6 dollars per month.

There shall be one assistant inspector-general with the main army,
who shall be adjutant-general for the time being, and shall receive, in
addition to his pay, $10 per month; and one to every separate arnry.
when consisting of two or more divisions, who shall be the deputy
adjutant-general, and shall receive, in addition to his pay, 8 dollars
per month.

There shall be one inspector to each division of the Army of the United
States one to the corps of cavalry and one to the corps of artillery
to be taken, when the service will admit, from the line of colonels and
lieutenant-colonels, who shall be allowed, in addition to their pay. 7
dollars per month and forage for three horses, including what they
are entitled to in the line of the Army, and one extra ration of provi-
sion, when the state of the magazine will admit.

There shall be one subinspector to every brigade in the Army of the
United State, one to the corps of cavalry and one to the corps of artil-
lery, if thought necessary by the Commander in Chief or commanding
officer of a separate army, to be taken from the line of majors in the
brigade, when the service will admit, who shall be allowed, in addition
to their pay, 5 dollars per month, and one extra ration, when the state
of the magazines will admit.

The Commander in Chief and commanding officer of a separate army
are hereby empowered to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to the
militia, while in active service, agreeable to the foregoing plan, who
shall have the same powers, privileges, and emoluments as tnose serv-
ing with the Continental Army.

It shall be the duty of the Inspector-General to frame a system of
regulations for the exercise and discipline of the troops in the man-
ual, evolutions, and manoeuvres, for the service of guards and detach-
ments, and for all camp and garrison duty, and if approved of by the
Commander in Chief and ratified by Congress, such regulations shall
be enforced by the orders of the Commander in Chief throughout the
Army

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 97

The assistant inspectors-general shall assist in the general duties of
the Department, agreeable to the directions they shall receive from
the Inspector-General (through the order of the Commander in Chief),
and when the inspector is not present shall have chief direction of the
same, agreeable to the orders they maj^ receive as aforesaid; and they
shall nevertheless continue to perform their duties of adjutant and
deputy adjutant-general.

The inspectors shall attend to the execution of the regulations
established for the army in their respective divisions, and in such
garrisons as the} 7 may be ordered by the Inspector-General or the
assistant inspector-general, at all times performing the duties of adju-
tant-general to the same; and when a detachment of more than one
division is sent from the Army the eldest inspector of the marching
troops shall act as adjutant-general to the detachment.

The subinspectors shall do the duty of majors of brigade to the bri-
gades to which the} 7 belong, and attend to the execution of the regula-
tions established for the Army in their respective brigades and such
garrisons, detachments, and independent corps as they shall be ordered
by the Inspector-General or assistant inspector-general with a separate
army.

The Inspector-General and the assistant inspector-general shall review
and muster the troops in service once every month, at which review
he or they shall inspect the number and condition of the men, their
discipline, the state of their clothes, arms, accoutrements, and camp
equipage; the number of rations they have drawn since the last review,
reporting such soldiers and recruits as are unfit for service to the
major-general or commander of the division, the brigadier or com-
mander of a regiment detached from the division or brigade to which
such disabled soldier may belong, to be by them, or either of them,
discharged or transferred to the corps of invalids if, on examination of
the surgeon of the regiment, they shall be found unfit for further
service in the field. But no such soldier shall be deemed legally dis-
charged or transferred except his discharge or transference is signed
by the major-general, brigadier, or commandant as aforesaid, and a
certificate of his inability, specifying the nature of it, signed by the
surgeon, is annexed thereto, noting at the same time all alterations
that have happened since the last review or muster and, as far as pos-
sible, in what manner, reporting them with the deficiencies, neglects,
and abuses to the Commander in Chief or commanding officer present
and the board of war.

At every muster three rolls shall be made out by the commanding
officer of each troop or company, signed and sworn to by him, one of
which rolls shall be returned to him certified by the mustering officer;
one shall be retained by the mustering officer; the other shall be certi-
fied and delivered to the regimental paymaster, to be affixed to the
pay rolls.

Each brigade shall be mustered by its subinspector under the super-
intendency of the inspector of the division, who shall be responsible,
with the subinspector, for the exactness and fidelity of the musters;
and in like manner all garrisons, independent corps, and detachments
shall be mustered by such inspector or subinspectors as the Inspector-
General, orassistant inspector-general with a separate army, shall order.

The subinspectors shall deliver an abstract of all such musters,
regimentally digested, to the inspector of the division, who shall digest

' S. Doc. 229 7

98 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

them into division abstracts, in the same form, and transmit them to the
assistant inspectors-general, to be by them transmitted to the Inspector-
General, and in a separate army to the commanding officer.

The Inspector-General shall transmit, once every month, a copy of
the abstracts of the musters of the whole Army to the Commander in
Chief, and another to the board of war.

No commanding officer of a regiment shall muster the regiment he
commands, but another inspector shall be ordered to do that duty by the
Inspector-General.

The assistant inspector in a separate army shall do the same duties
in that army as the Inspector-General doth in the main army, respect-
ing the musters, according to the directions he shall receive and orders
of the commanding officer.

The commissary of issues shall be obliged to deliver to the Inspector-
General, and assistant inspector with a separate army, an abstract by
brigades of the rations actually issued, and of all issues to all separate
corps, garrisons, and detachments.

All muster rolls shall be sworn to before a general officer, or com-
mandant of a separate post or detachment, who are hereby empowered
to administer the oath, and certify it on each muster roll, in the words
following, to wit:

" I, A B, do swear that this muster roll is a true state of the com-
pany under my command, without fraud to the United States or to
any individual, according to the best of my knowledge.

"A B, capt., lieut., ensign, or command't.

" Sworn before me this day of , 17 ."

The mustering officers are empowered and directed to require from
all the officers whose troops are mustered all papers and vouchers
relative to their enlistments and musters.

The inspectors shall keep accounts with the officers commanding
regiments of all arms and accoutrements delivered their regiments
and re-turned in by them. No arms or accoutrements shall be delivered
without an order from the inspector of the division, to whom returns
for arms and accoutrements wanted shall be made, in the form directed
in the resolution for the order and discipline of the troops of these
United States.

All officers of the inspectorship shall retain their rights of command
and promotion in the same manner as if they had not assumed the
office. They are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands
except when they happen to be the superior in the division brigade
or regiment to which they belong, or when they are appointed to
execute any particular service by the Commander in Chief, or com-
manding officer of a separate army ; and are exempt from all common
camp and garrison duty that they may attend to that of the inspect-
ing, as well in the time of action as at other times.

The Inspector-General, as often as the Commander in Chief shall
think fit to order, shall visit every part of the Army, and review the
same, to see that uniformity prevails throughout the armies of these
United States.

The Inspector-General shall keep books in which the returns, &c. ,
passing through his office shall be registered. He shall be charged
with collecting, in one or more volumes, all the resolves of Congress
and regulations of the board of war relative to the Army.

The travelling and other incidental expenses of the execution of the
business of the office shall be settled by the auditors with the Army,

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 99

upon such principles as shall be established by the Commander in Chief,
and paid out of the military chest.

The Quartermaster-General shall furnish all necessary books, paper,
&c. , for the Department.

Each inspector shall be allowed, when the circumstances of the Army
will permit, a marquee and common tent; each subinspector a horse-
man's and common tent, if not provided for as officers in the line.

All the regulations respecting the objects of this Department shall be
finally approved and established by Congress; but, the exigency of the
service requiring it, temporary ones may from time to time be intro-
duced by the Inspector-General, with the approbation of the Com-
mander in Chief, and transmitted to the board of war within one
month after their introduction, that, being examined and reported to
Congress by them, they may be rejected, altered, amended, or con-
firmed, as Congress shall deem proper.

Resolved, That Baron Steuben be, and hereby is, continued Inspector-
General of the armies of these United States, and vested with power
to appoint all officers necessary to carry the aforegoing plan into
execution, they being first approved of by the Commander in Chief.

Resolved, That the assistant inspector be allowed 400 dollars per
month, of the old emission, in addition to his pay as Adjutant-General,
from the 1st day of February last to the 1st day of October next. The
inspectors shall be allowed, from the 1st day of February last to the
1st day of October, 300 dollars per month, of the old emission, and
the subinspectors shall be allowed 200 dollars per month, of the old
emission, from the first day of February aforesaid to the first day of
October next, in addition to the pay and subsistence to which they are
entitled by their respective ranks.

November 9, 1780. "Major Oliver, inspector to the 1st Massachusetts Brigade,
having obtained leave of absence, Captain Sewall, of the 12th Massachusetts Regt. , is
appointed to do that duty in his absence." {Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa.)

November 11, 1780. "Captain Converse is to do the duty of brigade inspector to
the 2nd Connecticut Brigade in the absence of Major Woodbridge." {Orders, Gen-
eral Headquarters, Totowa. )

November 0S, 1780.

Ordered, That . . . the Inspector-General ... be supplied
with the journals of Congress. . . .

December lp, 1780.

Resolved, That instead of the additional pay allowed to officers in
the Inspector's Department, by the resolution of Congress of the 25th
of September last, the following sums be allowed, viz:

To the Adjutant-General, as assistant inspector, 35 dollars per month;

To an assistant inspector in a separate army, 30 dollars per month;

To a lieutenant-colonel, as inspector of a division, 25 dollars per
month;

To a major, as inspector of a brigade, 25 dollars per month.

January 1, 1781.

A motion was made by Mr. Sullivan, seconded by Mr. Varnum,
That Lieutenant-Colonel William Smith be continued as subin-

100 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

spector, with his present rank in the Army of the United States, to be
employed as the Commander in Chief shall direct;

On which the yeas and nays were required; and it was resolved in
the affirmative.

May 2, 1781. Colonel Fleury was authorized to remain on furlough until further
orders.

July 13, 1781. "Captain Timothy Remick, of the First Massachusetts Regt., is
appointed to do the duty of inspector of the First Massachusetts Brigade."

' ' Captain Seth Drew, of the Second Massachusetts Regt. , is appointed to do the
duty of inspector to the Second Massachusetts Brigade. ' '

"Captain Caleb Robinson, of the Second New Hampshire Regt., is appointed to
do the duty of inspector to General Stark's brigade, vice Major Scott, resigned that
office." {Orders, General Headquarters, near Dobbs Ferry.)

July 14, 1781. "Captain Converse, of the Second Connecticut Regt., is appointed
to do the duty of inspector to the Second Connecticut Brigade."

"Captain Warner, of the First Connecticut Regt., is appointed to do the duty
of inspector to the First Connecticut Brigade. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, near
Dobbs Ferry.)

August 13, 1781. "Captain Bleeker, of the First New York Regiment, is - appointed
to do the duty of inspector to the light troops under the command of Colonel Scam-
mell." {Orders, General Headquarters [no place given].)

September 6, 1781. "Major Piatt is appointed division inspector to the division
commanded by Major-General Lincoln. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Head of Elk. )

September 29, 1781. "Major William Barber is appointed inspector to the division
commanded by Major-General the Marquis de la Fayette." {Orders, General Head-
quarters, Secretary's Quarter.)

October 6, 1781. "The division inspectors are to mount as majors of the trenches,
with their respective major-generals."

"Major Gal van is appointed division inspector to the division commanded by the
major-general, the Baron de Steuben." {Orders, General Headquarters, before York.)

October 31, 1781. "Captain John Bankson, of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment,
is appointed inspector pro tern, to the troops under the orders of Major-General St.
Clair." {Orders, General Headquarters, near York.)

January 10, 1782.

PLAN FOR CONDUCTING THE INSPECTOR'S DEPARTMENT.

Resolved, That the establishment of the inspector's department by
the resolutions of the 25th of September, 1780, and all subsequent reso-
lutions relative thereto, be, and hereby are, repealed; and that the
department hereafter have the following form, powers, and privileges,
viz:

There shall be an Inspector-General of the armies of the United
States, to be appointed by Congress from the general officers, and to
be allowed one secretary in addition to the aids which he has in the
line of the Army; the secretary shall be taken from the line and be
entitled to the pay and emoluments of an aid-de-camp. There .shall
be one inspector for each separate army, to be taken from the field offi-
cers of the line of the Army, to be allowed 30 dollars per month in
addition to his pay and emoluments in the line.

The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall, once in
every month, in such time, place, and mode as the Commander in Chief
or commanding officer of a separate army shall direct, review and
muster the troops of every denomination in service, at which review
they shall inspect the number and condition of the men and horses, the
discipline of the troops, the state of their arms, accoutrements, ammu
nition, clothing, and camp equipage, and make returns thereof to the
Commander m Chief or commanding officer of a separate army, noting

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 101

the deficiencies, neglects, and abuses, and, if possible, the manner in
which they happened; and at the same time pointing out the altera-
tions and amendments they may think necessary in any branch of the
military system, duplicates of which returns shall be transmitted by
the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army to
the Secretary at War.

At the end of every review the commanding officer of the corps
reviewed shall exercise his corps in the manual and evolutions before
the inspector, so as to enable him to inspect and report the discipline
of the troops agreeably to the foregoing paragraph; and when the
Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army finds it necessary to
have particular evolutions or manoeuvres performed, either by one or
several corps, he shall furnish a plan of such evolutions to the com-
manding officer of the army, who will approve or amend them, and
order them executed, as he may think proper.

At every review the commanding officer of companies and corps
shall produce to the inspector returns of the state of their respective
companies and corps and such other papers and vouchers relative to
the enlistment of the men as he shall think necessary; three muster
rolls shall also be made out by the commanding officer of each troop
or company and signed by him, one of which shall be returned to him,
certified by the inspector, one shall be certified and delivered to the
regimental paymaster, to be affixed to the pay rolls, and the other shall
be retained by the inspector.

The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall, as soon
as possible after ever}' muster, transmit an abstract of the musters of
the whole army in which he is serving to the commanding officer, who
shall transmit a duplicate thereof to the Secretary at War.

A^ soon as possible after every review the inspector shall report to
the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army all
such soldiers whom, from inability or other causes, it ma} 7 be neces-
sary to discharge or transfer to the invalids; and no discharge shall in
future be valid unless signed by the Commander in Chief or officer
commanding the army where such discharge is given.

The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall be
authorized to call on the Quartermaster-General, Clothier-General, and
field commissary of military stores, or their deputies, for returns of
the articles which have been issued from and returned to their several
departments by each corps, that the inspectors may see whether every
article so delivered has been regularly and satisfactorily accounted for
or charged to the corps, agreeably to the established regulations.

The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall be
authorized and required to visit the military hospitals of the United
States from time to time to examine the general state of them and the
treatment of the patients, which he shall report to the officer command-
ing the Army; and the director, deputy director, or superintending
surgeon of any hospital shall furnish them with such returns as they
may find necessary for the better execution of their office.

The Inspector-General shall himself, previous to the opening and at
the close of every campaign, or as often as the Commander in Chief
shall think fit to order, visit, even part of the Army to see that uni-
formity prevails throughout the armies of the United States.

The Inspector-General and inspectors of a separate army, in the
execution of their offices, shall be subject only to the orders of Congress,

102 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the Secretary of War, Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of
a separate army; and that the inspectors may attend the better to the
duties of their offices they shall be exempted from all other duties,
except when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a
separate army shall think proper to order otherwise.

All the returns in the Inspector's Department are to be made agree-
ably to the forms which shall be delivered by the Inspector-General.

Each inspector of a separate army shall be allowed to take an officer
from the line of captains or subalterns to assist him in the duties of his
office, who shall be allowed ten dollars per month in addition to his
pay in the line.

.Resolved, That Major-General Baron Steuben be, and hereby is,
continued Inspector-General of the armies of these United States and
vested with power to appoint all officers necessary to carry the fore-
going plan into execution, they being first approved of by the Com-
mander in Chief.

March 26, 1782.

Resolved, That so much of the act of Congress of January 12, 1780,
respecting Mr. Galvan, as directs that he be employed in the inspector-
ship, as the Commander in Chief shall direct, be, and hereby is, repealed.

July 26, 1782.

A motion was made by Mr. Duane, seconded by Mr. Root,
That.Baron Steuben receive, until the further order of Congress, in
addition to his pay as major-general, 80 dollars per month for his
traveling expenses in the execution of his office of Inspector-General,
to be computed from the 10th day of January last.

* * *

. . . Resolved in the affirmative.

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons
and bathorses to the different ranks of officers. . . .

* * *

Inspector-General, for his baggage, according to his rank, and for
his papers as the Commander in Chief may direct.
Inspectors, one two-horse wagon.

* * *

That there shall be allowed for saddle horses:

* *

Inspector-General, agreeable to his rank.

Inspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, 1 ration.

December 30, 1782.

Resolved', That the Baron de Steuben be allowed 300 dollars per
month, in lieu of his extra pay and of subsistence and forage for him-

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 103

self and family, including wagon as well as saddle horses, and that
these allowances hereafter cease.

February 11, 1783. "Colonel Stewart, of the 2nd Pennsylvania Regt., is appointed
inspector for the Northern Army, and Lt. Col. Ternant, of Armand's Partizan Corps,
for the Southern Army. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia. )

April 15, 1784.

Resolved, That Congress approve of and confirm the appointment of
Major William North * as inspector to the troops remaining in the
service and pay of the United States.

April 15, 1784. In accepting the resignation of Major-General Baron Steuben, late
Inspector-General, Congress resolved: "That the thanks of the United States in Con-
gress assembled be given to Baron Steuben for the great zeal and abilities he has
discovered in the discharge of the several duties of his office; that a gold-hilted sword
be presented to him as a mark of the high sense Congress entertains of his character
and services." September 27, 1785, Congress voted him the sum of $7,000.

Lieutenant-Colonel Mentges, having been appointed by General Greene inspector
of contracts to the Southern Army, Congress, having decided that there is nothing
in the resolve of May 7, 1782, to prevent the duties of that office being performed by
an officer of the Army, granted Colonel Mentges an additional compensation of $100
per month while he acted as inspector of contracts.

March %%, 1785.

Resolved, That in addition to the pay and emoluments of a captain
in the line of the Army, Major North receive the monthly pay of 30
dollars allowed to an inspector of a separate army by the resolution of
the 10th January, 1782.

June 25, 1788.

Resolved, That the office of inspector of the troops in the service of
the United States immediately cease and be discontinued, and that the
Secretary of War report what mode may be most eligible for having
the troops inspected for the future.

July 3, 1788. General Washington wrote to the President of Congress "that the
recruits at present raising in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania will be
mustered and inspected previously to their marching by Mr. Stagg, who is employed
in this office and is adequate to the business." Mr. John Stagg was the chief clerk
of the War Department, and had been an officer of the Continental Army. He and
Lieutenant-Colonel Mentges, inspector of contracts, performed the duties of inspector
under the Secretary of War.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of April 30, 1790 (1 Stats., 119).

AN ACT for regulating the military establishment of the United States.
* * *

Sec. 4. That the President of the United States may, from time
to time, appoint one or two inspectors, as to him shall seem meet, to
inspect the said troops, who shall also muster the same, and each of
whom shall receive the like pay and subsistence as a captain, and
be allowed ten dollars per month for forage.

1 Major North was appointed by Major-General Baron Steuben, Inspector-General.

104 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stats., 2Jtf).

AN ACT making further and more effectual provision for the protection of the fron-
tiers of the United States.

[By section 7 of this act the Adjutant-General is to do also duty of
inspector.]

Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., JSS).

AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one inspector, who shall do
the duty of Adjutant-General. 1 . . .

* * *

Sec. 12. That the monthly pay of the officers ... of the mili-
tary establishment be as follows: . . . Inspector . . . gen-
erals ... in addition to their pay in the line, twenty-five dol-
lars. . . .

Sec. 13. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provisions: . . . Inspector . . . generals . . . , six
rations, ... or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said
officers, at the posts, respectively, where the rations shall become due;
and if, at such posts, supplies are not furnished by contract, then such
allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former
contracts and the position of the place in question.

Sec. 14. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever for-
age shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the
following enumerated sums per month instead thereof, to wit: . . .
Inspector . . . general . . . twelve dollars . . .

* * *

Sec. 23. That the general staff as authorized by this act shall con-
tinue in service until the 4th day of next March, and no longer.

Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507).

AN ACT to amend and repeal in part the act intituled "An act to ascertain and
fix the military -establishment of the United States."

Sec. 2. [That there shall be one brigadier-general, who may choose]
his . . . inspector from the captains and subalterns in the line
(to . . . whom there shall be allowed the monthly pay of twenty-
five dollars, in addition to his pay in the line, and two rations extraor-
dinary per day; and, whenever forage .shall not be furnished by the
public, to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof). . . .

1 The Inspector-General acting as Adjutant-General is entitled under this act to $25
in addition to his pay in the line, six rations per day, and $12 per month for forage.

the inspectoe-genebal's depaetment. 105

Act of May 22, 1798 (1 Stats., 557).

AN ACT to amend the act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act
intituled 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United
States.' "

Sec. 1. That the brigadier-general who is now, or may hereafter be,
in the service of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized
to choose his . . . inspector . . . from the commissioned
officers in the line of the Army; and that so much of the second sec-
tion of the act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act
intituled 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the
United States ' " as confines the choice of . . . inspector to cap-
tains and subalterns of the line be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Sec. 2. That the accounting officers of the Treasury shall allow to
Major Gushing the monthly pay, rations, forage, and allowances for
the same as established by law for an inspector during the time he has
acted in said capacity by appointment of General Wilkinson.

Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558).

AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army.

* * *

Sec. 6. That whenever the President shall deem it expedient he is
hereby empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
to appoint an Inspector-General, with the rank of major-general; and
the .... Inspector-General shall ... be entitled to the fol-
lowing pay and emoluments, viz, one hundred and sixt} T -six dollars
monthly pay, twenty dollars monthly allowance for forage, when the
same is not provided by the United States, and fifteen rations per day,
or money in lieu thereof, at the current price; and shall be, and he is
hereby, authorized to appoint two aids, each of whom shall have the
rank, pay, and emoluments of a major. . . . And the President
is hereby authorized, alone, to appoint, from time to time, when he
shall judge proper, assistant inspectors to every separate portion of
the Army, consisting of one or more divisions,- who shall be deputy
adjutant-generals thereof, respectively, and who shall be taken from the
line of the Armj% and allowed, in addition to their pay, eight dollars
per month; and, likewise, to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to
each brigade and corps of every description, at his discretion, taking
them from the line of the Army, and they shall each receive, while
acting in said capacity, an additional pay of six dollars per month.

* * *

Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge . . . it expedient
to appoint ... an Inspector-General ... in the recess of
the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make . . . said appoint-
ments and grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end
of the next session of the Senate thereafter.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the . . . Inspector-General . . . who may
be appointed by virtue of this act Hhall, respectively, continue in com-
mission during such term only as the President shall judge requisite
for the public service. . .' .

106 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

Act of July 16, 1798 l (1 Stats., 604).

AN ACT to augment the Army of the United States, and for other purposes.

* -x- *

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Inspector-General, with
the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major-general, and two aids-de-
camp; . . . two assistant inspectors (who shall be taken from the
line of the Army). . . .

Sec. 4. . . . The aids-de-camp and assistant inspectors shall
each be entitled to twenty-four dollars monthly, in addition to their
pay in the line, and to four rations of provisions each for their daily
subsistence; and whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public
to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749).

AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.
* * *

Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment to
serve ... as assistant or other inspector . . . the place of
such officer in his regiment shall be supplied, by promotion or new
appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but the officer detached
shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment and shall rank
and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not been detached.

Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed as the inspector of a divi-
sion who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of major,
or as the inspector of a brigade who when appointed shall be of a rank
higher than that of captain, or as the aid of a major-general who when
appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of a captain. . . .

$r * *

Sec. 13. That to any army of the United States other than that in
which the Inspector-General shall serve there shall be a deputy inspector-
general, who shall be a field officer, and who, in addition to his other
emoluments, shall be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall
be in full compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses;
and that to every division of an army there shall be a division inspector,
who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to thirty
dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra
services and traveling expenses; and that to every brigade there shall
be a brigade inspector, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall
be entitled to twenty-four dollars per month, which shall be in full

1 Section 9 authorizes the appointment of an inspector of artillery, taken from the
line of artillerists and engineers, to be allowed $30 per month in addition to his pay
in the line, 4 rations per day and $10 per month for forage when not furnished in
kind.

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 107

compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses; each of
which officers shall be chosen by the Inspector-General from among the
regimental officers; the deputy inspector-general to be in every case
approved by the general commanding the army to which he shall be
annexed.

Sec. 14. That the Adjutant-General of the Army shall be ex officio
assistant inspector-general, and that every deputy inspector-general
shall be ex officio deputy adjutant-general, and shall perform the duties
of adjutant-general in the army to which he shall be annexed.
* * *

Sec. 26. That there shall be allowed to the Inspector-General, in
addition to his allowance as major-general, and in full compensation
for extra services and expenses in the execution of his office, the sum
of fifty dollars per month, and that he shall be allowed a secretary, to
be appointed by himself, with the pay and emoluments of a captain.

Act of March 16, 1802 1 (2 Stats., 132).

AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That there shall be . one Adjutant and Inspector of

the Army, to be taken from the line of field officers. . . .

* * *

Sec. -1. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows,
to wit: ... To the Adjutant and Inspector of the Army, thirty-
eight dollars in addition to his pay in the line. . ,. .

Act of March 12, 1808 (2 Stats., 431).

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force.
* * *

Sec. 3. That when in the opinion of the President of the United
States a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall
be raised, there may be appointed . . . two brigade inspectors;
. . . the brigade inspectors appointed under this act shall be taken
from the line. . . .

Sec. 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . shall be,
viz: ... . each brigade inspector, thirty dollars per month, in
addition to his pay in the line; . . . and to each six dollars per
month for forage when not furnished: . . . Provided, The officers
. . . furnish their own horses and accoutrements, and actually keep
in service the aforesaid number of horses to entitle them to the afore-
going allowance for forage, or its equivalent in money. . . .
* * *

'Under this act the offices of Inspector-General and Adjutant-General were united.

108 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

Sec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue
of this act shall be a citizen of the United States, or some one of the
Territories thereof.

Act of April 30, 1810 (2 Stats., 592).

AN ACT regulating the post-office establishment.

* * *

Sec. 24. That letters and packets to and from the following officers
of the United States shall be received and conveyed by post free of
postage. . . . The Inspector ... of the Army. . . .

Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.
* # #

Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . one Inspector-
General, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-
general. . . . The said Inspector-General shall be allowed two
assistant inspectors, to be taken from the line of the Army, each of
whom shall receive, while acting in said capacity, the same pay and
emoluments as by this act are allowed to a lieutenant-colonel. . . .

Sec. 5. That when an officer is detached to serve as ... an
assistant to the . . . Inspector-General on the appointment of a
general officer ... he shall not thereby lose his rank.

* * *

Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer, who may be appointed by
virtue of this act, shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments
until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time
than he shall continue therein.

Act of May 16, 1812 (2 Stats., 735).

AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby
is, authorized to appoint, from the captains and subalterns of the line
of the Army, so many subinspectors as the service may require, not
exceeding one to each brigade; and such subinspectors shall each
receive twenty-four dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line.

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 782).

AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States.

That . . . to a . . . brigade inspector and adjutant there
shall be allowed forage for one horse only, or in lieu thereof ten dol-
lars per month. . . .

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 109

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784).

AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in
which the . . . Inspector-General ... of the Army shall
serve, it shall be lawful for the President to appoint . . . one
deputy inspector-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line
of the Army, and who shall each, in addition to his pay^ and other
emoluments, be entitled to tiftA" dollars per month, which shall be in
full compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be, to
each of the foregoing deputies, such number of assistant deputies (not
exceeding three to each department) as the public service may require,
who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall, each,
be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other
emoluments, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services:
. . . And provided aho, That the President of the United States
be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named
in this act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the
Senate at their next meeting for their advice and consent.

Sec. 3. That all letters and packages to and from the .
Inspector-General shall be free from postage.

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 819).

AN ACT for the letter organization of the general staff of the Army of the United

States.

That the ... Inspector-General's . . . departments shall
consist of the following officers, that is to say, an Adjutant and Inspector-
General, with the rank, pay, and emolument of a brigadier-general,
and not exceeding . . . eight inspectors-general, sixteen assistant
inspectors-general. . . .

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby,
authorized, if he shall deem it expedient, to assign one of the brigadiers-
general to the principal Army of the United States, who .shall, in such
case, act as Adjutant and Inspector-General, and as chief of staff of
such Army. . . .

Sec. 3. That ... all the other inspectors-general . . .
shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a colonel
of infantry; the . . . assistant inspectors-general . . . shall
have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of
cavalry. ...

Sec. 4. That . . . the assistant inspectors-general . . .
shall be taken from theline. The . . . inspectors general . . .
may be taken from the line or not, as the President may deem
expedient.

Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the Adjutant and
Inspector-General, . . . inspectors-general, . . . which relate
to their official duties, shall be tree from postage.

110 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., 22$).

AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States."
* * *

Sec. 3. That there shall be four brigade inspectors.

. . . The brigade inspectors appointed under this act shall be
taken from the line. ...

May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged
proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically
made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special
authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, with-
out material iniurv to the service; and that the following shall be the

GENERAL STAFF.

An adjutant and Inspector-General, to be provisionally retained.
Four brigade inspectors.

* * *

( General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.)

Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the
Army of the United States.

That, in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish-
ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight
hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff
be, and the same are hereby, so far established that the general staff
shall in future consist of one adjutant and inspector general of the
Army, and . . . one inspector-general . . . and an assistant
. . . to every brigade, which shall supersede the brigade . . .
inspectors now existing. . . .

* * *

Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 1$6).

AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army.

* * *

Sec. 5. That the pay and emoluments of the inspector-generals of
divisions be, and is nereby, raised to be equal to the pay and emolu-
ments of the adjutant-generals of division.

* * *

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 6. That there shall be . . . two inspectors-general, with
the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry.

Ill

Act of March 3, 1825 (4 Stats., 127).

AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores
shall be made b} T an inspector-general or such other officer or officers
as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose. . . .

Act of March 2, 1827 U Stats., 238).

AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the . . . inspectors-general ... be author-
ized to frank, and to receive letters and packets by post free of
postage. . . .

* * *

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and

for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 7. The President is authorized to appoint two assistant adjutants-
general, with the brevet rank of major, and four, with the brevet rank
of captain, who shall be taken from the line of the army, and in addi-
tion to their own shall perform the duties of assistant inspectors-
general when the circumstances of the service may require.

* * *

Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512).

AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That within one month of the passage of this act the offices
of one inspector-general . . . shall be abolished. . . .

Act of January 12, 181fi (9 Stats., 2).

AN ACT to repeal the act which abolished the office of one of the inspectors-general
of the Army, and to revive and establish said office.

That so much of the fourth section of an act approved the twenty-
third day of August, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, entitled
"An act respecting the organization of the Army, and for other pur-
poses," as directs that the office of one inspector-general of the Army
shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and all acts and parts of
acts so repealed shall be, and the same hereby are, revived and con-
tinued in force.

Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287).

AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in addition

112 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

to the number authorized by existing laws and in accordance with
existing regulations, five assistant inspectors-general, with the rank
and pay of majors of cavalry . . . , to have the pay, rank, and
allowance and perform the duties of similar officers in the present
military establishment. . . .

Act of August 6, 1861 (12 Stats., 317).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer
Corps, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. 1 That the President of the United States is hereby author-
ized to appoint two additional inspectors-general for the United States
Army, said inspectors-general to have the same rank and receive the
same pay and allowances as now provided by law for inspectors-
general.

* * #

Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597).

AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,
suppress insurrection, and repel invasion, approved February twenty-eighth, seven-
teen hundred and ninety-five, and the act amendatory thereof, and for other
purposes.

Sec. 10. That each army corps shall have . . . one assistant
inspector-general, who shall bear, . . . , the rank of lieutenant-
colonel, and who shall be assigned from the army or volunteer force
by the President. . . .

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 11. That there shall be four inspectors-general of the Army, 2
with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; three
assistant inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of
lieutenant-colonels of cavalry, and two assistant inspectors-general,
with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 6. That, until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions ... in the Inspector-General's
Department. . . .

1 Section 4 of this act is repealed by section 3 of act of same date (12 Stats., 318).

2 Inspectors-general to designate, from time to time, what articles shall be kept by
the Subsistence Department for sale to enlisted men. Provision repealed in section
1144, Revised Statutes.

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL r S DEPARTMENT. 113

. Act of June 8, 1872 (17 Stats. , 338).

AN ACT to authorize an appointment in the Inspector-General's Department.

That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate, and,
by and with the adv r ice and consent of the Senate, to appoint Nelson H.
Davis, of the Inspector-General's Department, to the rank and place
therein to which he is entitled, and which he would have held had the
law of promotions by seniorit}' under the act of March third, eighteen
hundred and fifty -one and the army regulations of eighteen hundred
and sixty-three been carried out: Provided, That no officer in said
department shall, by this act, be reduced from his present grade, nor
shall any pay or allowance be made to any officer under it, except
from the date of his confirmation: And provided further, That no pro-
motion to the grade of inspector-general shall hereafter be made until
the number of inspectors-general is reduced to four.

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 582).

AN ACT to provide for the establishment of a military prison, and for its government.

* * *

Sec. 5. That one of the inspectors of the Army shall, at least once
in three months, visit the prison for the purpose of examining into
books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertain whether the laws, rules,
and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are
competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and
employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kindness.
And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report
thereof to the Secretary of War.

* * *

Act of June 16, 187 (18 Stats., 77).
AN ACT to authorize an appointment in the Inspector-General's Department.

Whereas a vacancy of lieutenant-colonel in the Inspector-General's
Department of the Army originated on the thirteenth of June, eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven, to which Major Absalom Baird was entitled
to be promoted under the laws then in existence, but from which he
was excluded by reason of another appointment in said department
previously made, and whereas an act of Congress approved June
eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, which was passed with the
intention of rectifying this wrong, has failed to secure to Major Baird
his just rights: Therefore,

That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate and
promote Absalom Baird to be lieutenant-colonel and assistant inspector-
general, to date from June thirteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven; bat no pay or allowance shall be made to him for any time
prior to the passage of this act.

Act of June 23, 1874 (IS Stats., 2U)-
AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army.

That the Inspector-General's Department shall consist of one colonel,
two lieutenant-colonels, and two majors, with the rank. pa y. a nd emolu-
ments of officers of said grades; that the Secretary of War may, in
addition, detail officers of the line, not to exceed four, to act as
inspectors-general: Provided, That officers of the line detailed as acting
S. Doc. 229 8

114 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

inspectors-general shall have all the allowances of cavalry officers of
their respective grades; and no new appointment shall be made in the
Inspector-General's Department until the number of inspectors-general
is reduced to five.

* * *

Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or
mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing
the number of officers in any department or corps of the staif.

* * *

REVISED STATUTES SECOND EDITION 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

An Inspector-General's Department.

* * *

Sec. 1131. There shall be five inspectors-general of the Army, with
the rank of colonel of cavalry; provided no promotion shall be made
until the number of inspectors-general is reduced to four; one assistant
inspector-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; and
two assistant inspectors-general, with the rank of major of cavalry.

Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in the departments ... of
inspector-general. . . .

* * *

Sec. 1348. One of the inspectors of the Army shall, at least once in
three months, visit the [Military] prison for the purpose of examining
into the books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertaining whether the
laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the
officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed
and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kind-
ness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full
report thereof to the Secretary of War. -

* * *

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of December 12, 1878 (20 Stats., 257).

AN ACT establishing the rank of the senior inspector-general.

That from and after the passage of this act the rank of the senior
inspector-general of the United States Army shall be brigadier-gen-
eral; but no pay or allowances shall be made to said officer other than
from the date of appointment under this act: And provided, That
nothing herein enacted shall authorize any increase in the number or
the rank of the other officers of the Inspector-General's Department
as fixed by the first section of the act of June twenty-third, eighteen
hundred and seventy-four.

Act of March 3, 1883 '(22 Stats., 564).

AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home located at Washington, in
the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the Inspector-General of the Army shall, in person,
once in each year thoroughly inspect the Home, its records, accounts,

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 115

management, discipline, and sanitary condition, and shall report
thereon in writing, together with such suggestions as he desires to
make.

Act of February 5, 1885 (23 Stats., 297).

AN ACT relative to the Inspector-General's Department of the Army.

That the Inspector-General's Department of the Army shall here-
after consist of one Inspector-General, with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of brigadier-general; two inspectors-general, with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of colonel; two inspectors-general, with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel; and two inspectors-general,
with the rank, pay, and emoluments of major: Provided, That the offices
restored to the Inspector-General's Department, or added thereto,
by this act, shall be filled by promotion of the officers now in that
Department; and that thereafter appointments to fill vacancies in the
Inspector-General's Department, and promotions therein, shall be made
in conformity with sections eleven hundred and twenty-nine, eleven
hundred and ninety-three, and twelve hundred and four of the Revised
Statutes of the United States, and in the same manner as in the other
staff departments of the Army. And all laws or parts of laws conflict-
ing with this act are hereby repealed.

Act of January 19, 1891 (26 Stats., 722).

AN ACT to amend sections thirteen hundred and forty-six and thirteen hundred and
forty-eight of the Revised Statutes of the United States, in reference to the visita-
tion and inspection of the Military Prison and examination of its accounts and
government.

* * *

"Sec. 1348. One of the inspectors-general of the Army shall, at
Least once each year, visit the prison for the purpose of examining into
the books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertaining whether the laws,
rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers
are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and
employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kindness.
And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report
thereof to the Secretary of War."

Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred ana ninety-five, ana for other purposes.

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

. . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill
vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Inspector-General's . . .
Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade
in the line of the Army.

116 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF 0". S. ARMY.

Act of August 18, 189 % (28 Stats., 372).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other

purposes.

* -x- -x-

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

-x- * *

That hereafter, once in each fiscal year, the Secretary of War shall
cause a thorough inspection to be made of the National Home for Dis-
abled Volunteer Soldiers, its records, disbursements, management,
discipline, and condition, such inspection to be made by an officer of
the Inspector-General's Department, who shall report thereon in writ-
ing, and said report shall be transmitted to Congress at the first session

thereafter.

* * *

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
United States in time of war, and for other purposes.

x- -x- *

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an armj^ corps shall
consist of . . . one inspector-general, . . . who shall have
. . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel; . . . the staff of the com-
mander of a division shall consist of . . . one inspector-general,
. . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . .

Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 720).

AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase in the Inspector-General's Department

of the Army.

That the President is authorized, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, to appoint one inspector-general with the rank of colonel,
one inspector-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and one
inspector-general with the rank of major: Provided, That the vacan-
cies created in the grade of colonel and lieutenant-colonel by this act
shall be filled by the promotion of officers now in the Inspector-General's
Department according to senioritj 7 , and that upon the mustering out of
the volunteer forces and the reduction of the Regular Army to a peace
basis no appointments shall be made in the Inspector-General's Depart-
ment until the number of officers in each grade in that department shall
be reduced to the number now authorized by law.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the
United States shall consist of ... an Inspector-General's Depart-
ment. . . .

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 117

Sec. 6. That the . . . Inspector-General's departments shall
consist of the number of officers now in those departments, respectively:
Provided, That vacancies in the grade of major occurring in either
department shall hereafter be filled from captains in the line of the
Army : And provided further, That all such captains who have evinced
marked aptitude in the command of troops shall be reported by their
regimental commanders to the War Department and shall be entitled
to compete for any such vacancy under such system of examination as
the President shall prescribe.

. * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in
service, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *

Three inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and six
inspectors-general with the rank of major.

Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT To increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this Act the Army of the
United States . . . shall consist of ... an Inspector-
General's Department. ...

* * *

Sec. 14. That the Inspector-General's Department shall consist of
one Inspector-General with the rank of brigadier-general, four inspect-
ors-general with the rank of colonel, four inspectors-general with the
rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight inspectors-general with the rank
of major: Provided, That all vacancies created or caused by this section
shall be filled, as far as possible, by promotion according to seniority
of officers of the Inspector-General's Department.

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma-
nent appointments in the . . . Inspector-General's Department,
including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of cap-
tain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen,
seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this Act, they shall be

Eromoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided
y law, and nothing herein contained shall Be deemed to apply to
vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for
which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when
any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps,
shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this
section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no
more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or
corps after the original vacancies created by this Act shall have been
filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacan-
cies exist, under such system of examination as the President may
from time to time prescribe.

118 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff
corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at
large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office
for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or
departmant shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans-
ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this
Act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number
detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart-
ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the
staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If
under the operation of this Act tne number of officers returned to any
particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized
by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the
number has been reduced to that authorized.

Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

* * *

Provided, That upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the grade of
colonel in the Inspector-General's Department after the present lieu-
tenant-colonels therein shall have been promoted or retired, such
vacancy shall not be filled, and thereafter the number of officers author-
ized for that department shall be as follows: One Inspector-General
with the rank of brigadier-general; three inspectors-general with the
rank of colonel; four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel, and nine inspectors-general with the rank of major.

* * *

Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest
grade in the . . . Inspector-General's Department . . . may
be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-
first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . .

IV.-THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

119

THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

The offices of "Judge-Advocate-General" and "Judge-Advocate of
the Army" (the first named, created in 1775, when William Tudor, a
law pupil of John Adams and a leading counselor of Boston, was
elected to that position) lapsed in 1802, the act of March 16, of that
year, limiting the line of the Army to three regiments. The last
named was revived by the act of January 11, 1812, and again discon-
tinued on the reorganization of the Army in 1821. The act of March 2,
1849, authorized the President to appoint a suitable person as Judge-
Advocate of the Army. The Bureau of Military Justice was created
June 20, 1864, but by the act of July 5, 1884, it was, with the corps
of judge-advocates, consolidated under the title of "Judge-Advocate-
General's Department."

1775-1802.

July 29, 177*5. Lieut. Col. William Tudor.

Apr. 10, 1777. Lieut. Col. John Lawrence.

July 9, 1782. James Innis, esq.

Sept. 18, 1782. Maj. Richard Howell.

Oct. 2, 1782. Lieut. Thomas Edwards, Ninth Massachusetts.

June 2, 1797. Capt. Campbell Smith, Fourth Infantry.

1812-1821.

Northern Division.

Sept. 26, 1812. Maj. Thomas Gales ( ).

Aug. 6, 1814. Henry Wheaton, esq. (New York).

1817. Rider H. Winder, esq. (Maryland).

1818. Samuel H. Storrow, esq. (Massachusetts).

Southern Division.

Mar. 18, 1813. Everett A. Bancker, esq. (New York) .
July 9, 1814. Rider H. Winder, esq. (Maryland).

1815. James T. Dent, esq. (Georgia).

1818. Samuel H. Storrow, esq. (Massachusetts).
Sept. 10, 1818. Stockley D. Hays, esq. (Tennessee).

1849-1901.

Mar. 2, 1849. Bvt. Maj. John F. Lee, captain of ordnance (Virginia).

Jul v 81, 1862. Maj. Levi C. Turner (New York) .

S.p't . :;, 1862. Col. (Brig. Gen. June 22, 1864) Joseph Holt (District of Columbia) .

Dec. 1, 1875. Brig. Gen. William McK. Dunn (Indiana).

Feb. 18, 1881. Brig. Gen. David G. Swaim (Ohio).

Jan. 3, 1895. Brig. Gen. Guido N. Lieber (New York).

121

THE JT DGE-ADYOCATE-GENERAI/S DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

July 29, 1775.

Resolved, That the pay of the. . . . be . . .

* * *

Judge- Advocate, twenty dollars per do. (month).

* * *

William Tudor, esq., was elected Judge- Advocate of the Army.

July SO, 1775. "William Tudor, esq., being appointed Judge- Advocate of the
Continental Army, he is in all things relative to his office to be acknowledged and
obeyed as such." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

September 21, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That the pay of the Judge-Advocate in the
Army in the Massachusetts Bay, for himself and his clerk, be fifty
dollars per month from the time of his appointment.

January 7, 1776. "That no mistake in regard to the said articles [new Articles of
War] may possibly happen, each book is . . . countersigned upon the title
page by William Tudor, esq., Judge- Advocate of the Army of the United Colonies."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

May 6, 1776.

Resolved, That John Taylor be appointed judge-advocate to the
continental troops in the colony of Virginia.

August 10, 1776.

Resolved, That William Tudor, Judge-Advocate-General, have the
rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States.

September 20, 1776.

Congress resumed the consideration of the Articles of War, which,
being debated by paragraphs, were agreed to, as follows:
* *

SECTION xrv.

* *

Art. 3. The Judge- Advocate-General, or some person deputed by
him, shall prosecute in the name of the United States of America.

* #

123

124 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

October 21, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers
on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled,
be as follows: . . .

To the . . . deputy judge-advocate, 6 rations, . . .

April 10, 1777. "John Lawrence, esq., is appointed judge-advocate in the room
of William Tudor, esq., who has resigned." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morris-
toum.)

April 11, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the pay of the judge-advocate be raised to
60 dollars a month.

May 27, 1777.

Resolved, That if General Gates, before General Schuyler's arrival
at Albany, shall have appointed a . . . deputy judge-advocate for
the northern army, the said appointments be confirmed; if not, that
General Schuyler be empowered to make these appointments.

June 6, 1777.

Resolved, That the deputy judge-advocate in the northern army, and
the deputy judge-advocate of the division of the Army now at Peek's-
Kill, be allowed the rank, pay, and rations of captains.

November 20, 1777. "Lieutenant John Marshall is, by the Judge- Ad vocate-Genenil,
appointed deputy judge-advocate in the Army of the United States." (Orders, Gen-
eral Headquarters, White-Marsh. )

February 5, 1778. To assist and cooperate with the judge-advocate in conducting
the trial of general officers who were in the Northern Department when Ticon-
deroga and Mount Independence were evacuated, Congress authorized the appoint-
ment of two counselors, and elected Jonathan D. Sergeant, esq., attorney-general of
Pennsylvania, and William Patterson, esq., attorney-general of New Jersey.

February 17, 1778.

Resolved, That Brigadier R. Howe's appointment of Henry Puree! 1,
to be deputy judge-advocate-general for the States of South Carolina
and Georgia, be confirmed.

March <27, 1778.

Resolved, That John Lawrence, esq., Judge- Advocate-General, be
hereafter allowed 75 dollars per month, his former rations, and forage
for two horses.

November 13, 1778.

Resolved, That the commanding officer in the Southern Department
be empowered, if he shall find it necessary, to appoint a deputy judge-
advocate for the troops in Georgia, to act so long as occasion requires,
and to be entitled to the usual monthly pay and allowance.

THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GEKEEAL'S DEPARTMENT. 125

November 16, 1779.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the executive authority of the
respective States, upon the application of the judge-advocate for that
purpose, to grant proper writs requiring and compelling the person
or persons whose attendance shall be requested by the said judge to
appear and give testimony in any cause depending before a court-
martial: and that it be recommended to the legislatures of the several
States to vest the necessary powers for the purposes aforesaid in their
executive authorities, if the same be not already done.

Resolved, That in cases not capital in trials in court-martial, deposi-
tions may be given in evidence, provided the prosecutor and person
accused are present at the taking of the same.

December 21, 1779.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress, the subsistence
of a judge-advocate be the same as the present subsistence of a col-
onel; and that the subsistence of a deputy judge-advocate be the same
as the present subsistence of a lieutenant-colonel.

December 24, 1779.

Resolved, That on the trials of cases not capital before courts-martial,
the depositions of witnesses not in the line or staff of the Army may
be taken before some justice of the peace, and read in evidence, pro-
vided the prosecutor and person accused are present at the taking the
same, or that notice be given of the times and places of taking such
depositions to the opposite party four da} 7 s previous thereto, when the
witness reside within the distance of thirty miles from such party, and
six days when the witness reside above the distance of thirty, and not
exceeding eighty miles, and a reasonable time for a greater distance.

* *

R, sol r, (I, That to encourage witnesses who do not belong to the
Army to attend on courts-martial and give their evidence viva voce
when required by the judge-advocate, the reasonable expenses of such
witnesses shall be defrayed by the United States, and paid by the pay-
in;i-ter to the board of war and ordnance, being first adjusted by the
said board.

hrcember 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War, having procured a small
supply of shirts and linen, and directed the distribution of them among the officers
of the . . . staff, who are not adopted hy any State, the clothier-general is to
deliver Hum. upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and
departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November
la>t. . . . Judge- Advocate." . . . {Orders, General Headquarters, Morris-
ii, iiu. )

April 9, 1780. "Lieutenant Edwards, of Col. Jackson's regiment, is appointed
deputy judge-advocate in the Army of the United States." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Morri8town.)

July 15, 1780.

llrsol i<<'d. Thai the following proportion of wagons and bathorses
be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be
by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sepa-

126 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many baggage
wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit:

* * *

Judge- Advocate 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses.

* * *

Deputy judge-advocate with a separate army 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition . . . there be issued ... as
many rations as the service shall require.
. . . Judge-Advocate, two. . . .

November 10, 1780.

Resolved, That the salary of John Lawrence, as Judge-Advocate,
be settled at the rate of 60 dollars per month, from the time of his
appointment to the 27th of March, 1778, and from that day to the 1st
of August last, at the rate of 75 dollars per month; that the deprecia-
tion on his pay shall be adjusted on the same principles as are directed
with respect to that part of the line of the Army which is to be pro-
vided for by Congress; that from the first day of August last, his pay
and appointments be 140 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, exclu-
sive of what is allowed to the office by the arrangement of the Quar-
termaster's Department.

That Mr. Edwards, besides his pay as a lieutenant, shall be entitled
to an addition of 15 dollars per month as deputy judge-advocate, and
that Mr. Strong shall, in all respects, excepting the rank of lieutenant,
be entitled to the pay and appointments provided for Mr. Edwards
for the time he hath or shall continue to execute the office of deputy
judge-advocate.

September 28, 1781.

Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the States of
which the Judge- Advocate and his assistants are respectively inhabit-
ants to settle with them for the depreciation of their pay on the prin-
ciples adopted in settlements with the officers of their respective State
line.

June 8, 1782. Congress accepted the resignation of John Lawrence, Judge-
Advocate.

July 9, 1782.

Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge- Advocate for the
Army, and, the ballots being taken,

James Innis, esq., was elected, having been previously nominated
by Mr. Bland, Va.

July 11, 1782.

Resolved, That the pay of the Judge- Advocate for the Army of the
United States be 75 dollars per month; that he be allowed two rations
per day, and 12f- dollars per month for subsistence; also a two-horse
wagon, with forage for two saddle horses; that he be also allowed for
a servant 6f dollars per month, for which servant he shall be entitled
to draw the rations and clothing of a private in the Army.

THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 127

Resolved, That the pay of a deputy judge-advocate for the southern
army, "who shall be taken from the line, be 60 dollars per month,
including his pay in the line; that he be allowed two rations per day,
and 12f dollars per month for subsistence, including what he may be
entitled to as an officer in the line; also a two-horse wagon, with forage
for two saddle horses, including what he may be entitled to as an officer
of the line; that he be also allowed for a servant 6f dollars per month,
for which servant he shall be entitled to draw the rations and clothing
of a private in the Army. In this last case he shall not be allowed a
servant from the line.

Resolved, That the deputy judge-advocate employed in the same
army with the Judge-Advocate be taken from the line of the Army,
who shall receive, in addition to his pay in the line, 15 dollars per
month; that he be"also allowed for a servant the same as the Judge-
Advocate, and that he be allowed forage for one saddle horse.

Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the pay
and allowance in the department of Judge-Advocate be, and the same
are hereby, repealed.

September 12, 1782. Mr. Innis having failed to signify his acceptance and it having
been intimated that he would decline the office, Congress, September 18, elected
Major Howell in his place, who, in turn, declined the office of Judge-Advocate,
October 1, 1782.

September 18, 1782.

Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge-Advocate, and, the
i ballots being taken,

Major Richard Howell was elected, having been previously nomi-
nated hy Mr. Boudinot.

October 2, 1782.

Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge-Advocate, and, the
ballots being taken,

Lieutenant Thomas Edwards was elected, having been previously
nominated by Mr. Duane.

October 7, 1782. "The honorable the Congress of the United States [has] been
pleased by their resolutions of the 2d October, to appoint Lt. Thomas Edwards, of
tin- 9th Massachusetts Regt., to be Judge-Advocate of the Army." {Orders, General
Headquarters, Verpank's Point.)

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons
and bathorses to the different rank of officers: . . .

* * *

Judge- Advocate, one two-horse wagon.

Deputy judge-advocate for the southern army, one two-horse wagon.

* * *

That there shall be allowed for saddle horses:

* * *

Judge-Advocate, 2 rations.

Deput}' with a separate army, 2 rations.

* * *

November 12, 1782. "Lt. Samuel Cogswell, of the 9th Massachusetts Regt., is
appointed deputy judge-advocate." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

128 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507).

AN ACT to amend and repeal, in part, the act entitled ' 'An act to ascertain and fix
the military establishment -of the United States."

* * *

Sec. 2. That there shall be . . . one judge-advocate, who shall
be taken from the commissioned officers of the line, and shall be
entitled to receive two rations extra per day and twenty-five dollars
per month, in addition to his pay in the line; and whenever forage
shall not be furnished by the public, to ten dollars per month in lieu

thereof.

Act of April 10, 1806 (2 Stats., 359).

AN ACT for establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the

United States.

Article 69. The judge-advocate, or some person deputed by him,
or by the general or officer commanding the army detachment or gar-
rison, shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but shall so
far consider himself as counsel for the prisoner, after the said prisoner
shall have made his plea, as to object to any leading question to any of
the witnesses, or any question to the prisoner, the answer to which
might tend to criminate himself; and administer to each member of the
court before they proceed upon any trial the following oath: . .

"You, A. B., do swear that you will well and truly try and deter-
mine according to evidence the matter now before you between
the United States of America and the prisoner to be tried, and that
you will duly administer justice, according to the provisions of 'An
act establishing rules and articles for the governnment of the armies*
of the United States,' without partiality, favor or affection; and if
any doubt shall arise, notexplained by said articles, according to your
conscience, the best of your understanding, and the custom of war in
like cases; and you do further swear that you will not divulge the
sentence of the court until it shall be published by the proper authority;
neither will you disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any partic-
ular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence
thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in a due course or law. So
help you God."

And as soon as the said oath shall have been administered to the
respective members the president of the court shall administer to the
judge- advocate, or person officiating as such, an oath in the following
words:

"You, A. B.,do swear that you will not disclose or discover the
vote or opinion of any particular member of the court-martial, unless
required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in
due course of law; nor divulge the sentence of the court, to any but
the proper authority, until it shall be duly disclosed by the same. So
help you God."

THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL's DEPARTMENT. 129

Article 90. Every judge-advocate, or person officiating as such, at
any general court-martial, shall transmit, with as much expedition as
the opportunity of time and distance of place can admit, the original
roceedings and sentence of such court-martial to the Secretary of
Var: said original proceedings and sentence shall be carefully kept
and preserved in the office of said Secretary, to the end that the per-
sons entitled thereto may be enabled, upon application to the said
office, to obtain copies thereof.

Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.

* -x- *

Sec. 19. That there shall be appointed to each division a judge-
advocate, who shall be entitled to the same pay and emoluments as a
major in the infantry; or, if taken from the line of the Army, shall be
entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pa}', and the same
allowance for forage as is allowed by law for a major of infantry.

* * *

Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer who may be appointed by
virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive any pa}' or emoluments
until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time
than ho shall continue therein.

May 17, 1815. . . . The acta of Congress . . . remain in force; as well as
certain acts authorizing the appointment of judge-advocates. . . . (General
Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.)

Act of April % 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army

of the United States.

Sec. 2. That . . . there be three judge-advocates to each divi-
sion . . . who shall reeeive the pay and emoluments of a major,
as heretofore allowed.

Act of April /./,, t818 (>' Stats., 1,26).

AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army.

That so much of the . . . "act for organizing the general staff,
and making further provision for the Army of the United States,"
passed April 24, 1816, as relates to . . . judge-advocates . . .
be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Sec. 2. That there shall be . . . one judge-advocate, with the pay
and emoluments of a topographical engineer, to each division. . . .
* * *

S. Doc. 229 9

130 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of March 2, 181,9 (9 Stats., 351).

AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff and for an additional number
of chaplains of the Army of the United States.

-:: * *

Sec. 4. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint a suitable person
as judge-advocate for the Army, to be taken from the captains in the
Army, who shall have the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a major
of cavalry. . . .

Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 597).

AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth,
seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other
purposes.

-:: -x- x-

Sec. 5. That the President shall appoint, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, a Judge- Advocate-General, with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry, to whose office shall be returned
for revision the records and proceedings of all the courts-martial and
military commissions, and where a record shall be kept of all proceed-
ings had thereupon. And no sentence of death or imprisonment in the
penitentiary shall be carried into execution until the same shall have
been approved by the President.

Sec. 6. That there may be appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, for each army in the field a
judge-advocate, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a major
of cavalry, who shall perform the duties of judge-advocate for the
army to which they respective^ belong, under the direction of the
Judge-Advocate-General.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 743).

AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces and for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 28. That the judge-advocate shall have power to appoint a
reporter, whose duty it shall be to record the proceedings of and testi-
mony taken before military courts, instead of the judge-advocate.

Act of March 3, 1863(12 Stats., 744).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year ending
the 30 (th) of June, 1863, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 25. That every judge-advocate of a court-martial or court of
inquiry hereafter to be constituted shall have power to issue the like
process to compel witnesses to appear and testify which courts of
criminal jurisdiction within the State, Territory, or district where
such military courts shall be ordered to sit may lawfully issue.

THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 131

Act of June 20th, 186 4 (13 Stats., 1U).

AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other

purposes.
* * *

Sec. 5. That there shall be attached to, and made a part of, the War
Department, during the continuance of the present rebellion, a bureau,
to be known as the Bureau of Military Justice, to which shall be
returned fur revision the records and proceedings of all the courts-
martial, courts of inquiry , and militaiy commissions of the armies of
the United States, and in which a record shall be kept of all proceed-
ings had thereupon.

Sec. 6. That the President shall appoint, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, as the head of said Bureau, a Judge- Advocate-
General, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a brigadier-general,
and an Assistant Judge-Advocate-General with the rank, pay, and
allowances of a colonel of cavalry. And the said Judge-Advocate-
General and his assistant shall receive, revise, and have recorded the
proceedings of the courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military com-
missions of the armies of the United States and perform such other
duties as have heretofore been performed by the Judge-Advocate-
General of the armies of the United" States.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

A X ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 12. That the Bureau of Military Justice shall hereafter consist
of one Judge-Advocate-General, with the rank, pa}^, and emoluments 4 of
a brigadier-general, and one Assistant Judge- Advocate-General, with
the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; and the said
Judge- Advocate-General shall receive, revise, and have recorded the
proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military com-
missions, and shall perform such other duties as have been heretofore
performed by the Judge-Advocate-General of the Arm}'. And of the
judge-advocates now in office there may be retained a number not
exceeding ten, to be selected by the Secretary of War, who shall per-
form their duties under the direction of the Judge- Advocate-Gen era I
until otherwise provided by law, or until the Secretary of War shall
decide that their services can be dispensed with.

* * *

Act of February 25, 1867 (U Stats., 410).

AN ACT to amend section twelve, chapter two handled Bad ninety-nine, of the laws
of the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress.

That the last clause of section twelve, of chapter two hundred and
ninety-nine of the laws of first session Thirty-ninth Congress, approved
.1 uly twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, is hereby amended
by repealing all after and including the words "until otherwise pro-
vided by law,' 1 so as to place the judge-advocates thereby authorized
to be retained in service upon the same footing in respect of tenure of
office and otherwise as other officers of the Army of tne United States.

132 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of April 10, 1869 (16 Stats., U)-
AN ACT to declare and fix the status of judge-advocate of the Army.

That the number of judge-advocates of the Army be, and the same
is herebjr, fixed at eight, and the President is hereby authorized, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to fill all vacancies
which have occurred or may hereafter occur therein.

Act of June 23, 18? % (18 Stats., %M).

AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army,
-x- * *

Sec. 2. That the Bureau of Military Justice shall hereafter consist
of one Judge-Advocate-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of
a brigadier-general; and the said Judge- Advocate-General shall receive,
revise, and have recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts
of inquiry, and military commissions, and shall perform such other
duties as have been heretofore performed by the Judge-Advocate-
General of the Army. In the corps of judge-advocates no appoint-
ments shall be made as vacancies shall occur until the number shall be
reduced to four, which shall hereafter be the permanent number of the
officers of that corps.

* * *

Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or
mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing
the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff.

* * *

REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION- 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

A Bureau of Military Justice.
Eight judge-advocates.

* * *

Sec. 1198. The Bureau of Military Justice shall consist of one Judge-
Advocate-General, with the rank of brigadier-general, and one Assist-
ant Judge- Advocate-General, with the rank of colonel of cavalry.

Sec. 1199. The Judge-Advocate-General shall receive, revise, and
cause to be recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of
inquiry, and military commissions, and perform such other duties as
have been performed heretofore by the Judge- Advocate-General of
the Army.

Sec. 1200. There shall be eight judge-advocates of the Army, with
the rank of major of cavalry.

Sec. 1201. Judge-advocates shall perform their duties under the
direction of the Judge- Advocate-General.

Sec. 1202. Every judge-advocate of a court-martial shall have power
to issue the like process to compel witnesses to appear and testify
which courts of criminal jurisdiction within the State, Territory, or
district where such military courts shall be ordered to sit may law-
fully issue.

THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 133

Sec. 1203. The judge-advocate of a military court shall have power
to appoint a reporter, who shall report the proceedings of, and testi-
mony taken before, such court, and may set down the same, in the first
instance, in shorthand. The reporter shall, before entering upon his
duty, be sworn, or affirmed, faithfully to perform the same.
* * *

Sec. 1342. . . .

* * *

Art. 90. The judge-advocate shall prosecute in the name of the
United States, but when the prisoner has made his plea, or when the
same has been entered by order of the court, he shall so far consider
himself counsel for the prisoner as to object to any leading question
to any of the witnesses, and to any question to the prisoner, the answer
to which might tend to criminate himself.

Art. 91. The depositions of witnesses residing beyond the limits of
the State, Territory, or district in which any military court may be
ordered to sit, if taken on reasonable notice to the opposite party and
duly authenticated, may be read in evidence before such court in cases
not capital.

Art. 92. All persons who give evidence before a court-martial shall
be examined on oath or affirmation in the following form: " You swear
(or affirm) that the evidence you shall give, in the case now in hearing,
shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. So help

vou God."

* * *

Art. 113. Every judge-advocate, or person acting as such, at any
general court-martial, shall, with as much expedition as the opportunity
of time and distance of place may admit, forward the original pro-
ceedings and sentence of such court to the Judge-Advocate-General of
the Army, in whose office they shall be carefully preserved.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 664).

AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in
the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home
shall hereafter consist of . . . the J udge- Advocate-General. . . .

* * *

Act <>f July r>, 1884 (23 Stats., 113).

AN ACT to consolidate the Bureau of Military Justice and the Corps of Judge- Advo-
cates of the Army, and for other purposes.

That the Bureau of Military Justice and the Corps of J udge- Advocates
of the Army be, and the same are hereby, consolidated under the title
of Judge- Advocate-General's Department, and shall consist of one
J udge- Advocate-General, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a
colonel; three deputy judge-ad vocate-gcnerals, with the rank, pay, and

134 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

allowances of lieutenant-colonels, and three judge-advocates, with the
rank, pay, and allowances of majors; the colonels and lieutenant-colonels
to be selected by seniority from the present Corps of Judge-Advocates.
And the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to detail such number
of officers of the line as he may deem necessary to serve as acting judge-
advocates of military departments, who shall have while on such duty
the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry.

Sec. 2. Promotions in the Judge- Advocate-General's Department, as
provided in the first section of this act, shall be by seniority up to and
including the rank of colonel.

Sec. 3. That nothing herein shall be construed to interfere with the
rank or position of any officer now holding a commission in either the
Bureau of Military Justice or Corps of Judge- Advocates.

Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 277).

AN ACT to amend the Articles of War, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That whenever a court-martial shall sit in closed session, the
judge-advocate shall withdraw, and when his legal advice or his assist
ance in referring to recorded evidence is required, it shall be obtained

in open court.

* * *

Sec. 4. That judge-advocates of departments and of courts-martial,
. . . are hereby authorized to administer oaths, for the purposes
of the administration of military, justice, and for other purposes of

militarv administration.

* * *

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
United States in time of war, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall
consist of . . . one judge-advocate, . . . who shall have

. . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. ...

* * *

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for

other purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of ... a Judge-Advocate-General's
Department. . . .

* * *

Sec. 7. That the Judge- Advocate-General's Department . . .
shall consist of the officers . . . now provided by law: . . .
And provided, also, That no person in civil life shall hereafter be
appointed a judge-advocate . . . until he shall have passed satis-
factorily such examination as to his moral, mental, and physical quali-
fications as may be prescribed by the President; and no such person
shall be appointed wno is more than forty-four years of age: Provided

THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 135

further, That in case of the appointment of an officer who has served
in a similar capacity during the war with Spain, and has demonstrated
his moral, mental, and physical qualifications for the position, then
such an examination shall not be required.

* * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in serv-
ice or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *
Five judge-advocates with the rank of major.

Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States . . . shall consist of ... a Judge- Advocate-General's
Department. . . .

* * *

Sec. 15. That the Judge-Advocate-General's Department shall con-
sist of one Judge- Advocate-General with the rank of brigadier-general,
two judge-advocates with the rank of colonel, three judge-advocates
with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, six judge-advocates with the rank
of major, and for each geographical department or tactical division of
troops not provided with a judge-advocate from the list of officers hold-
ing permanent commissions in the Judge- Advocate-General's Depart-
ment one acting judge-advocate with the rank, pay, and allowances of
captain, mounted. Promotions to vacancies above the grade of major,
created or caused by this act, shall be made, according to seniority,
from officers now holding commission in the Judge- Advocate-General's
Department. Vacancies created or caused by this act in the grade of
major may be filled by appointment of officers holding commissions as
judge-advocate of volunteers since April twenty-first, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety-eight. Vacancies which may occur thereafter in the
grade of major in the Judge- Advocate-General's Department shall be
filled by the appointment of officers of the line, or of persons who have
satisfactorily served as judge-advocates of volunteers since April
twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, or of persons from
civil life who at date of appointment are not over thirty-five years of
age and who shall pass a satisfactory examination to be prescribed by
the Secretary of War.

Acting juage-advocates provided for herein shall be detailed from
officers of the grades of captain or first lieutenant of the line of the
Army who while so serving shall continue to hold their commissions
in the arm of the service to which they permanently belong. Upon
completion of a tour of duty not exceeding four years they shall be
returned to the aim in which commissioned, and shall not be again
detailed until they shall have completed two years' duty with the arm
of the service in which commissioned.

136 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

Sec. 26. . . . That when vacancies shall occur in the position
of chief of any staff corps or department the President ma} 7 appoint to
such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, offi-
cers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in
the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the
appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said
office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and
allowances now provided for the chief of such corps or department.
And any officer now holding office in an} 7 corps or department who
shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall
subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allow-
ances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or depart-
ment chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers
of any staff corps or department holding permanent appointments, the
chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the offi-
cers so remaining therein.

Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans-
ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this
act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number
detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart-
ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the
staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If
under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any
particular arm of the service at an} 7 time exceeds the number author-
ized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until
the number has been reduced to that authorized.

Act of March 0, 1901 {31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

* * *

Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest
grade in the . . . Judge- Advocate-General's Department. . . .
may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April
twenty -first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . ..

V.-THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

187

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

The earliest legislation relating to the Quartermaster's Department
dates from June 16, 1775, when Congress " resolved that there be one
Quartermaster-General for the grand Army and one deputy under him
for the separate army," and May 14, 1777, Congress adopted regula-
tions for the guidance of the Quartermaster-General and his assistants.

The resignation of General Mifflin (the first Quartermaster-General),
November 7, 1777, made the condition of that Department, without an
ostensible head and with an organization to a certain extent defective
and incomplete, a subject of much solicitude to General Washington.

February 5, 1778, Congress adopted the following plan for carrying
into execution the business of the Quartermaster's Department:

First. The military line to be styled the Quartermaster-General's,
which is to include the regulating of marches, encampments, order of
battle, etc., as described in the books of the profession. This officer
not to have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums
for defraying petty expenses in the Army.

Second. The commissary of forage, who is to be confined to that
article in his purchases.

Third. The commissary for horses and wagons.

Fourth. The agents for the purchase of tents, entrenching tools,
building of barracks, and for all the smaller supplies of the Depart-
ment.

The three last to be governed in their purchases by the estimates
and orders of the Quartermaster-General or the Board of War.

April 17, 1779, the Quartermaster-General was directed to estab-
lish regulations for the conduct, mustering' and paying of a corps of
wagoners.

July 15, 1780, Congress resolved that there be one Quartermaster-
General and one assistant quartermaster-general, to be appointed by
Congress, and one deputy quartermaster for each army, to be appointed
by the Quartermaster-General, and promulgated a code of regulations
for the government of the Quartermaster's Department.

July 25, 1785, the " Department of Quartermaster-General" ceased
to exist.

The Quartermaster's Department, eo nomine, was first organized
under the act of March 28, 1812. Under its provisions the office of
"purveyor of public supplies" was abolished and its duties divided
between the Quartermaster's and the Purchasing Departments.

The Army Register of May 1, 1813, under authority of the act of
March 3, same year, defined the respective duties of the Quartermas-
ter's and the Purchasing Departments in reference to purchases so as
to commit to the former the purchase of forage, fuel, soldiers' bedding,

139

140 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

stationery, dragoon and artillery horses, means of transportation, and
material for the construction and repair of barracks, hospitals, and
bridges.

The act of May 18, 1826, made it the duty of the Quartermaster's
Department to receive from the Purchasing Department and distribute
to the Army all clothing and camp and garrison equipage. The abol-
ishment, by the act of August 23, 1812, of the office of Commissary-
General of Purchases devolved the purchase of clothing upon the
Quartermaster's Department.

Aug.

June

Oct.

Mar.

Aug.

Mar.

Apr.

June

Tune

Apr.

Mar.

Apr.

Apr.
May
June
May
Feb.
Feb.
July
June
Aug.
Feb.
Feb.

1775. Col. Thomas Mifflin (Pennsylvania).
1776. Col. Stephen Moylan (Pennsylvania).
1776. Brig. Gen. Thomas Mifflin (Pennsylvania).
1778. Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Greene (Rhode Island).
1780. Col. Thomas Pickering (Massachusetts).
1791. Lieut. Col. Samuel Hodgdon (Pennsylvania).
1792. Lieut. Col. James O'Hara (Pennsylvania).
1796. Lieut. Col. John Wilkins, jr. (Pennsylvania).
1799. Maj. Gen. John Wilkins, jr, (Pennsylvania).
1812. Brig. Gen. Morgan Lewis (New York).
1813. Brig. Gen. Robert Swartwout (New York).
1816. Col. James R. Mullany (New York), Northern Division.
Col. George Gibson (Pennsylvania), Southern Division.
1818. Brig. Gen. William Cumming (Georgia).
1818. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup (Ohio).
1860. Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (Virginia).
1861. Brig. Gen. Montgomery C. Meigs (Pennsylvania).
1882. Brig. Gen. Daniel H. Rucker (Michigan).
1882. Brig. Gen. Rufus Ingalls (Maine).
1883. Brig. Gen. Samuel B. Holabird (Connecticut).
1890. Brig. Gen. Richard N. Batchelder (New Hampshire).
1896. Brig. Gen. Charles G. Sawtelle (Maine).
1897. Brig. Gen. George H. Weeks (Maine).
1898. Brig. Gen. Marshall I. Ludington (Pennsylvania).

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

June 16, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That there be one Quartermaster-General for
the grand army and one deputy under him for the separate army.

That the pay of the Quartermaster-General be eighty dollars per
month and that of the deputy forty dollars per month.

July 17, 1775.

Resolved, That a deputy quartermaster-general be appointed for
the said [New York] department.

Donald Campbell, esq., elected to that office.

Ordered, That Mr. D. Campbell have the rank of colonel in the Army.

July 19, 1775.

Resolved, That the appointment of si Quartermaster-General . . .
be left to General Washington.

July 29, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That the appointment of . . . wagon master
and master carpenter be left to the Commander in Chief of the Army,
who is to fix their pay, having regard to the pay they receive in the
ministerial army and the proportion that the pay of the officers in
said army bears to the pay of our officers.

* * *

Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General and every of
their [his] deputies shall take an oath truly and faithfully to discharge
the duties of their respective stations.

August 9, 1775. "Mr. John Goddard is appointed by the Commander in Chief
wagon master general to the Army of the twelve Unit-<1 Colonies." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

August 14, 1775. "Major Thomas Mifflin is appointed Quartermaster-General to
the Army of the United Colonies." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)
[May 26, 1776, he was appointed brigadier-general, and October 1, 1776, was
requested to resume the duties of Quartermaster-General J .

August 16, 1775. John Parke, esq., maappointed an assistant to the Quartermaster-
General. (Orders, General Heudqnarlrrx, Cambridge.)

September 22, 1775. John Gizzage Frazer was appointed assistant to the Quarter-
master-General for the district of Prospect and Winter Hill. (Orders, General
Head({uarter8, Cambridge.)

141

142 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

September 23, 1775.

Resolved, That a committee be appointed to purchase a quantity of
woolen goods for the use of the Army, to the amount of five thousand
pounds sterling.

That the said goods, when bought, be placed in the hands of the
quartermasters-general of the Continental armies, and that the same
be by them sold out to the private soldiers of said armies at prime cost
and charges, including a commission of five per centum to the said
quartermasters-general for their trouble.

That the committee consist of five.

The ballot being taken and examined, the following members were
chosen:

Mr. Lewis, Mr. Alsop, Mr. Willing, Mr. Deane, and Mr. Langdon.

October 5, 1775.

Resolved, That Timothy Mattack, of this city, be employed as a store-
keeper, and that the implements provided for the hussars, and the
tents, and linen, etc., purchased for the Army, be put under his care.

November 2, 1775.

Resolved, That 3,000 felt hats, 3,000 worsted caps, 3,000 pair of
buckskin breeches, 3,000 pairs of shoes, 3,000 pairs of yarn stockings,
and 3,000 waistcoats, suitable for the season, be immediately purchased
and sent to the Army, under the command of General Schuyler, to be
sold to the soldiers at prime cost, including charges of carriage and
five per cent to the deputy quartermaster-general, by whom the said
goods are to be sold.

* * *

Resolved, That as much duffels or kersey as will make three hun-
dred watch coats be purchased and sent to General Schuyler, with
needles and thread, to be made into watch coats, and that these be
charged to the Continent and kept for the use of the out centries.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to purchase the
foregoing articles.

The members chosen: Mr. Alsop, Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Sherman.

November 4,, 1775.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several legislatures of New
England to empower the General to impress carriages, vessels, horses,
and other things necessary, at a reasonable rate, for the transportation
or march of the Army, or any part of it, or on any other emergency,
and that this power be deputed in writing, under the hand of the Gen-
eral to the Quartermaster-General, or to any inferior officer, who are
to be accountable for any abuse thereof.

November 16, 1775. "Col. Brewer will be appointed barrack master until some-
thing better worth his acceptance can be provided." ( Orders, General Headquarters,
Cambridge. ) [On the rearrangement of the Army Colonel Brewer was assigned to the
command of a regiment heretofore under Colonel Whitcomb, but waived his right in
favor of the latter. ]

November 18, 1775. The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bullocks
that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Quartermaster-
General, who is also to provide as many as he can get, and have the whole made into
good powderhorns, for the use of the troops. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cam-
bridge.)

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 143

November 27, 1775.

Resolved* That the troops in the service of the Continent be supplied
with fuel and bedding at the expense of the Continent.

December 22, 1775.

Rewired, That the Quartermaster-General have the rank of a colonel
in the Army of the United Colonies.

February 5, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the appointments by General Schuyler
of . . . Gysbert Marselis, esq., to be barrack master, .
and Mr. Philip Van Rennselaer, to be storekeeper at Albany, be con-
firmed; and that General Schuyler be desired to inform Congress of
the proper salaries to be annexed to those offices.

February 20, 1776. "As it is necessary that every regiment should be furnished
with colours, and that those colours should, if it can be done, bear some kind of
similitude to the uniform of the regiment to which they belong, the colonels, with
their respective brigadiers and the Q. M. Genl., may fix upon such as are proper and
can be procured. There must be to each regiment the standard ( or regimental colours)
and colours for each grand division, the whole to be small and light. The number
of the regiment is to be marked on the colours, and such a motto as the colonel may
choose, in fixing upon which the General advises a consultation amongst them.
The colonels are to delay no time in getting this matter fixed, that the Q. M. General
may provide the colours as soon as possible." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Cambridge.)

March S, 1776. "The Q. M. General may draw the carbines out of the commis-
sary's stores, and put them into the hands of the carpenters, or such others, as he
shall think will use them to the best advantage, taking care to return them when
called for. AH arms in store, fit for use, may be delivered out to the Adjutant-General's
order." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

March 28, 1776.

Resolved, That Mr. William Finney be appointed a deputy quarter-
master in the Southern Department.

May 7, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That a deputy quartermaster-general be appointed
for the Southern Department, to be employed in North Carolina.

* * *

( 'ongress proceeded to the election of a deputy quartermaster-general
for the Southern Department, and the ballots being taken,

Nicholas Long, esq., was elected.

Iirsoli'rd, That Nicholas Long, esq., have the rank of a colonel in the
( ontinental Army.

May 11, 1776. "His Excellency has been pleased to appoint Hugh Hughes, esq.,
MBHttint quartermaster-general. ' ' (Orders, dun nil J/nii/i/iiiirti-rx, Mnv York.^

June 5, 1776.

Resolred, That the . . . deputy quartermaster-general, . . .
make regular returns and report to Congress, and to the respective
officers to whom they are deputies, at least once a month, and tnat the
principals also make returns at the same periods.

144 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That the assistant quartermasters be allowed captain's pay.

* * *

Congress then proceeded to the election of an . . . and Quarter-
master-General, to fill up the vacancies in these offices; when the bal-
lots being taken and examined,

* * *

Stephen Moylan, esq., was elected Quartermaster-General.
Resolved, . . . That Stephen Moylan, esq., have the pay of 80
dollars a month and the rank of colonel.

June 7, 1776. "The honorable the Continental Congress have been pleased to
appoint Stephen Moylan, esq., to be Quartermaster-General, in the room of Thomas
Mifflin, esq., preferred." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

July 8, 1776.

The Congress then proceeded to the election of a deput}^ quarter-
master-general for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken,

Clement Biddle was elected deputy quartermaster-general for the
flying camp and for the militia of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ordered
to rendezvous at Trenton.

July 30, 1776. "The Quartermaster-General is to provide canteens as soon as pos-
sible, and to have the water in the several works in casks examined, that there may
be afresh supply if necessary." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

August 2, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General and deputy
quartermasters-general in the several departments be directed to trans-
mit weekly to Congress an account of the moneys they respectively
receive from the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general.

That the . . . Quartermaster-General, . . . and deputy
quartermasters-general be directed to make monthly returns, at least,
of the stores under their direction and the distribution of them.

August 17, 1776.

Resolved, That Gustavus Risberg be appointed assistant to Clement
Biddle, deputy quartermaster-general to the flying camp, and that he
reside at Philadelphia.

August 25, 1776. "Colonel Morgan Lewis is appointed deputy quartermaster-
general of the Northern Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Ticonderoga.)

September 12, 1776.

Congress then proceeded to the election of sundry officers; and the
ballots being taken,

* * *

. . . was elected . . . , and Morgan Lewis, esq., deputy
quartermaster-general of the said army [in Northern Department].

September 14, 1776. "Capt. Brown is excused from duty, on account of assisting the
Quartermaster-General." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 145

September 26, 1776.

Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General and deputy
quartermaster-general and their assistants in the several departments
be directed to apply to Mr. Mease for such articles of . . . camp
equipage and other utensils which they may want to purchase in the
State of Pennsylvania for the use of the Army.

September 28, 1776. "Stephen Moylan, esq., having resigned his office of Quarter-
master-General, Brigadier-General Mifflin is appointed thereto till the pleasure of
Congress is known." {Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.)

October L, 1776.

Stephen Moylan, esq., having resigned his office of Quartermaster-
General of the Continental Army,

Resolved, That Brigadier-General Mifflin be authorized and requested
to resume the said office, and that his rank and pay as brigadier be still
continued to him.

October 2, 1776.

Resolved, . . . The committee appointed to confer with Briga-
dier-General Mifflin reported that upon the conference they find the
following supplies will be necessary for the use and comfort of the
Army, which ought to be procured as soon as may be, viz, 200 wagons
with four horses each, 50 ox teams with 2 oxen each for various small
services, 100 strong horses for the artillery, 50 horses for expresses
and commissary uses, 25,000 bushels of indian corn, 15,000 bushels of
oats, 10,000 bushels of rye meal, 10,000 bushels of spelts, 1,800 tons of
haj% 50 cutting boxes, 2,000 axes, 2,000 wheel and hand barrows, 8,000
cords of wood, a set of carpenters' tools for each regiment, a wagon-
master and one deputy, 20 conductors of wagons on captains' pay,
allowing 10 wagons for each conductor, 5 conductors for artillery, 100
casks of nails and spikes, 10,000 knapsacks, 10,000 camp kettles, two
million feet of boards, planks, and joists, for barracks, platforms, &c.

That a company of 50 blacksmiths should be immediately sent to
camp, 12 harness and collar makers, and 25 wheelwrights.

Resolved, . . . That one-eighth part of a dollar over and above
their soldiers' pay be allowed to such persons as are necessarily
draughted for quartermasters' uses;

That as 5,000 tents will be necessary for the spring campaign they
be provided in due time;

That it be recommended to the several States to make legal provi-
sion to compel the furnishing of necessary supplies and assistance to
the Quartermaster-General of the Continental Army on reasonable
terms for the public use.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to consider of a
plan for providing carriages for the public service, so as any demands
may be speedily complied with, and all oppression of private persons
effectually prevented.

The members chosen, Mr. Witherspoon, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Hunt-
ington.

Octobers, 1776. "The Quartermaster-General is to use the greatest diligence in
providing straw for the accommodation of the troops." (Orders, General Headquar-
ters, Harlem Height*.)

S. Doc. 229 10

146 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

October 10, 1776.

Resolved, That the quartermasters in every department be ordered
to avoid pressing horses and carriages as much as possible; and, when
it is necessary, that they be directed to go to the country houses for
that purpose; and discharge, as soon as the service will admit, such
horses and carriages so impressed; and that no violence whatever be
done to any persons, their horses, or carriages, who go to the camp of
their own accord to sell provisions or other necessaries of an} r kind.

October 15, 1776. Deputy Quartermaster-General William Davies, resigned.

October M, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers
on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled,
be as follows: .

To the . . . deputy quartermaster-general, 6 rations. . . .

October 8%, 1776.

The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at
Portsmouth in the brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists
of the following articles, viz, . . . 4,000 yards of small canvas;
. ' . . whereupon

Resolved, . . . That the remainder of the canvas [part of it
had been allotted for use of the frigate Rawley] be made into tents
and sent to the northern army.

October 23, 1776.

Congress being informed that a vessel from London to Quebec,
loaded with dry goods, among which are a quantity of blankets and
coarse cloths fit for soldiers' clothing, was lately taken and brought to
Rhode Island,

Resolved, That Governor Cooke be requested immediately to pur-
chase at Continental expense, for the use of the Army under General
Washington, all the said blankets and cloths; that the blankets be sent
to General Washington, and the cloths made up agreeable to the
direction of Brigadier-General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General.

November , 1776.

Resolved, That the wagon-master-general be directed to take charge
of the horses belonging to the continent and prepare them for service
as soon as possible.

November 22, 1776. Messrs. Paca of Maryland, Ross of Pennsylvania, and Wither-
spoon of New Jersey were constituted a committee to repair to General Washing-
ton's headquarters to confer with and assist him in improving the present state of the
Army, which, owing to past and future disbandments, may be met by a largely
superior force.

November 27, 1776.

A letter from Mr. Ross, Mr. Paca, and Mr. Witherspoon,was read,
informing that they have appointed an assistant quartermaster, . . .
to provide for a number of sick and take care of the stores sent to
Princeton. .

Ordered, That the President inform them that Congress approve of
the appointments.

THE QUAKTEKM ASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 147

November 29, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to provide, as soon
M may be, . . . equipage for 3,000 horse.

November 30, 1776.

Resolved, That the board of war be directed to purchase, for the
public service, six wagons, with four horses and proper harness to
each wagon, and to employ suitable drivers.

December 2, 1776.

Resolved, That the board of war be directed to purchase, immedi-
ate^, ten or twelve covered wagons for the artillery.

December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, the Quartermaster-Gen-
eral was directed to remove certain stores to a place of safety.

December 30, 1776.

FOR THE BETTER REGULATING WAGONS IN THE NORTHERN ARMY.

Resolved, That two wagons be allowed to each company on a march,
and one wagon to the colonel, one to the lieutenant-colonel and major,
one to the staff of a regiment, and one for the particular use of the
director of the hospital. Each wagon to be drawn by two horses
(except that for the colonel, which is to be allowed four horses), and
subject to such orders as shall from time to time be issued by the gen-
eral or commanding officer.

December 31, 1776.

Resolved, That a letter be written to General Washington, desiring
him to order . . . the Quartermaster-General to pursue the same
mode (sending agents into each State) for procuring a sufficient quan-
tity of tent cloth, and that they be severally directed to apply to the
States to afford all necessary assistance therein. . . .

January , 1777.

Resolved, That Gerard Hopkins, son of Richard, be appointed a
deputy quartermaster.

January 9, 1777.

Resolved, That Udney Hay, esq., be appointed a lieutenant-colonel
by brevet and assistant deputy quartermaster-general, and stationed
at Ticonderoga.

January 18, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the committee of Congress in Philadelphia
be desired to inform the Quartermaster-General what number of horses
and oxen in the public stables at Philadelphia are fit for service;

That they employ a careful person to distribute in the country such
of them as are disabled, there to be recruited in the cheapest manner;

That the keepers of the continental stables admit no horses or teams
to be received into or taken out of the same unless by order of a gen-

148 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

eral officer commanding in the place where the stables are respectively
kept; or of the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-gen-
eral, or wagon master or deputy wagon-master-general.

February 4, 1777. " The Quartermaster-General will, in future; deliver the following
rations of provender for the horses employed in the service, viz, for light horse, 16
lbs. of hay and 15 quarts of oats, or 6 quarts of indian corn or other grain in lieu
thereof; for officers' horses belonging to the foot, who are authorized to draw prov-
ender, 14 lbs. hay and 6 quarts of oats, or 4 quarts of indian corn or other grain in
lieu thereof . " {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

April 11, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the pay of the deputy quartermaster-
general in the Northern Department be raised to 60 dollars a month,
in consideration of the extraordinary trouble that attends the execution
of the office in that department

April 21, 1777.

Resolved, That James Mease, clothier-general, be directed to deliver
to General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the cloth
in his possession fit for tents.

April 24, 1777. Congress authorized General Washington to order General Mifflin,
Quartermaster-General, to continue in Philadelphia for some time, if the public
service would admit of his absence from the Army.

May 13, 1777.

Ordered, That the secret committee deliver to the Quartermaster-
General the linen in their hands fit for tents.

May U, 1777.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General of the Army be author-
ized and empowered to appoint one commissary of forage for the
Army, and one for each of the military departments thereof, with such
and so many forage masters as he shall judge necessary.

2. That the duty of the commissary of forage shall be to purchase
such quantities of forage and store the same in such magazines as the
Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of any de-
partment shall from time to time order and direct. That the com-
missaries shall conform themselves in making purchases to such rules
and regulations as shall be prescribed to them by the quartermaster-
general of the department to which they shall severally belong.

3. That all forage purchased by any commissary of forage and
delivered into any magazine shall be received by the forage master
thereunto appointed, who shall give his receipt for the same, specify-
ing the sort, quantity, and quality, as a voucher for the commissary of
forage, to be by him produced to the Quartermaster-General or deputy
quartermaster-general of the department in support of his account.

4. The commissaries of forage shall make a monthly return to the
Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of the depart-
ment of all forage by them purchased, specifying to what forage
master and into which magazine the same was delivered, that the
forage master may stand charged therewith.

THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 149

5. No forage master to whose care any magazine of forage shall be
committed shall issue any part thereof unless by a written order of
the Commander in Chief, the commander in chief of the department,
the commanding officer of the post where such magazine may be estab-
lished, the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of
the department, or one of his assistants, the wagon-master-general, or
any other wagon master; such orders to specify for whose use the for-
age is intended; and every such order to be filed by the forage master,
and a regular entry thereof made, in a book to be by him kept for that
purpose, as a voucher for the expenditure of the forage by him received.

6. The forage masters shall make monthly returns to the Quarter-
master-General and deputy quartermaster-general of the departments
they belong to of the state of their magazines, specifying the quantity
left in store at the first and every succeeding return, the quantity
received since the last return, the expenditure since such return, and
what remains on hand.

7. And whereas it frequently happens that there is a necessity to
detain hired carriages, the owners whereof were to find their own for-
age, far beyond the time for which the owners thereof agreed to serve,
and who, if their own forage is expended, must have recourse to the
public magazines, it is resolved that sucb persons so detained and
become destitute of forage shall, upon the written order of any of the
officers mentioned in the fifth resolution, be supplied out of the public
magazines, and the wagon master, before he signs the discharge for any
such hired carriage, shall direct the forage master to endorse thereon
the quantity, sort, and quality of the forage furnished such person,
that the same may be deducted out of the wages due to the owner of
such hired carriage; all which deductions shall, by the Quartermaster-
General or deputy quartermaster-general of the department, be carried
to the credit of the forage master's accounts who shall have furnished
the forage.

8. If the commissary of forage in any department should be ordered
to procure such large quantities of forage as to render it impossible
for him to do it without assistance, the Quartermaster-General or
deputy quartermaster-general of the department shall direct one or
more of nis assistants to aid the commissary of forage, pointing out
the districts in which they are severally to purchase, that one may not
enhance the price by bidding above another.

9. Whereas, notwithstanding the orders that have been from time to
time issued by general officers of our Army to prevent the loss and
embezzlement of intrenching tools and other military stores, great
waste hath been made; to prevent which, for the future, it is resolved
that every commissary of stores, storekeeper, or person to whose charge
and care any military stores of what kind whatsoever shall be com-
mitted, shall pass his receipt, and stand charged to be accountable for
the same, ana shall not issue any of them without taking a receipt for
the same, the receiver promising to be accountable; and if any person
having received any such stores shall lose or embezzle the same,' the
commissary, storekeeper, or person by whom they were delivered shall
charge him with the value thereof and transmit a copy of such charge
to the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general of the depart-
ment, who is to charge the same to the paymaster of the corps such
person may belong to, unless it shall appear that such loss happened
without any blamable negligence or omission; and if such person in

150 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the continental service shall sell or otherwise dispose of any stores
committed to his care without a written order for so doing, issued by
the Commander in Chief or the commander in chief of the department,
or by a general officer commanding at a separate post, he shall be
punished for theft.

10. The wagon-master-general of the Army, or wagon master in any
of the departments thereof, shall receive from the Quartermaster-
General or deputy quartermaster-general of any department all such
horses, cattle, and carriages as the service may require; and neither the
wagon-master-general nor any other wagon master shall on any
account presume to purchase any horses, cattle, or carriages for the
public service without the express order of the Commander in Chief,
the commander in chief of the department, the Quartermaster-General,
or deputy quartermaster-general of a department; nor shall the wagon-
master-general, or any other wagon master, hire any horses, cattle, or
carriages unless by the authority aforesaid or by that of an assistant
deputy quartermaster-general.

11. The Quartermaster-General shall appoint such assistants and
make such arrangements for conducting the business of his department
as to him and to the Commander in Chief and commander of the depart-
ments shall seem most conducive to the public weal; and a copy of such
arrangements, specifying the names of the assistants, commissaries of
forage, wagon masters, forage masters, and clerk of the several depart-
ments shall be transmitted to the board of war; and every assistant of
the Quartermaster-General of the Army, and every assistant of the
deputy quartermaster-general of the several departments thereof, shall
make monthly returns of every article of what kinds soever that may
be in or at any of the forts, encampments, magazines, or places in the
district, committed to his care, to the deputy quartermaster-general of
the department, noting what is good, what is reparable, and what is
unfit for further service in separate columns; from which returns the
deputy quartermaster-general shall make one general return, in which
shall be specified the total of all the articles in every district within his
department, one copy whereof shall be monthly transmitted to the
board of war, one to the commander in chief of the department, and one
to the Quartermaster-General; from which returns the Quartermaster-
General shall make out a general return, specifying what is in each
department and every district thereof, one copy whereof shall be
monthly transmitted to the board of war, one to the Commander in
Chief, and one to the commander of each department.

12. Every assistant quartermaster, commissary of forage, wagon-
master-general, forage master, and every other person employed in
the Quartermaster-General's branch who shall neglect to make such
monthly returns, shall be dismissed the service by the Quartermaster-
General or the deputy quartermaster-general of the department to
which such delinquent belongs.

13. And in order that all deputy quartermasters-general and assist-
ants may make their returns in such a manner as to avoid that great
confusion which has heretofore arisen from a want of method, the
Quartermaster-General is to furnish his deputies with a form, copies
whereof they are to deliver to the assistants and to every person in
the Quartermaster-General's branch, who may be called upon for a
return.

14. The Quartermaster-General and the deputy quartermasters-

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 151

general in the several departments shall have full power and be author-
ized, with the consent of the Commander in Chief or commander of
the department, to dismiss any person by them employed who shall
refuse or neglect any duty enjoined by the foregoing resolutions, or
any other duty he may be charged with, and to appoint others in the
stead of such as may be dismissed.

15. The general and Commander in Chief of our armies and the
commander of any department thereof shall be allowed as mucn forage
for their horses and those of their suit as the service may require.

16. A major-general and a brigadier-general, not having the com-
mand of a separate department, shall each be allowed forage for six
horses for themselves, their aids-de-camp, or brigade majors, and
servants.

IT. The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate
department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and
for and during such times as they shall think proper to the Quarter-
master-General and his deputies, to the muster-master-general and his
deputies, the chief engineer and his assistants, the commissary -general
and his deputies, the director-general of the hospital, his subs and
surgeons-general, to the adj'utant-general and his deputies, to the
colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors, adjutants, quartermasters, and
surgeons of regiments, and to provost-marshals, or to such and so many
of the before-mentioned officers and their deputies as the service shall
necessarily require: Provided always, That if any of the officers above
mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in
consequence of any general orders hereafter given and should never-
theless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to
draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses
than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed
any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof.

18. A deputy quartermaster-general shall be appointed to each
department and one to each grand division of the Army, the rank of
the former to bo that of a colonel, of the latter that of a lieutenant-
colonel.

19. The Quartermaster-General, with the approbation of the Com-
mander in Chief or commander in any separate department, shall
appoint a competent number of deputy quartermasters-general, a
wagon-master-general, and so many wagon masters as the service from
time to time requires, and make a return to the Board of War of the
names of the persons so appointed.

20. Resolved, That Major-General Mifflin be allowed, for his service
as Quartermaster-General, 166 dollars per month, in addition to his pay
as major-general.

That the pay of a deputy quartermaster-general of a grand division
of the Army be 75 dollars per month.

That the pay of an assistant deputy quartermaster-general be 40
dollars per month, and that he have the rank of captain.

That the pay of a wagon-master-general be 75 dollars per month.

That the pay of a deputy wagon-master-general be 50 dollars a
month.

That the pay of the barrack -master-general bo 75 dollars a month.

That the pay of a wagon muster or conductor of wagons be 40
dollars a month.

That the pay of a forage master be 40 dollars a month.

152 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May 14, 1777. "Joseph Thornburg, esq., is appointed waggon-master-general."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. )

June 4, 1777. General Mifflin wrote to Congress that General Washington had
informed him of his anxious desire to have the heads of the several departments in
the field with him, whereupon Congress adopted a resolve that General Mifflin be
given leave to repair immediately to headquarters.

June 10, 1777.

Resolved, . . . XXIV. That no provisions be issued to any
person hut by the written order of . . . the Quartermaster-
General, any of his deputies or assistants.

* * *

XXIX. That whenever any capital magazine shall be established,
the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the department
shall order storehouses to be built and a barrack for fifty men, and
the same to be inclosed with a stockade.

* -::

XXXV. That the commissaries-general and the respective officers
under them apply to the Quartermaster-General or his respective offi-
cers for wagons, teams, and horses wanted in the several districts;
and if at any time it shall be necessary to hire the same, they are not
to exceed the rates stipulated by Congress or the Quartermaster-Gen-
eral aforesaid.

XXXVI. That all persons employed to purchase for the United
States any articles in the several departments of the . . . quar-
termaster . . . shall previously apply to them, or the principal
officers under them, respectively, for certificates of the several prices
by them allowed for such articles, and shall not on any pretence what-
soever exceed such prices. . . .

June 18, 1777.

Resolved, That Joseph Thornburg, wagon-master-general, have the
rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States.

July 1, 1777. "Jonathan Mifflin, esq., and Henry Emanuel Lutterloh, esq., are
appointed deputy quartermasters-general for this army with the rank of colonel."

"Clement Biddle, esq., is appointed commissary-general of forage of this army."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. )

August 1, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed to
appoint a deputy quartermaster-general in the said State [Georgia].

August 6, 1777.

Resolved, That John M'Coomb, of Princeton, be authorized to act
as quartermaster at that place for such detachments of the Army as
may be passing that way until the Quartermaster-General shall give
further directions on this subject. . . .

September 10, 1777. The Quartermaster-General was ordered to submit to Congress
a list of all deputies and assistants employed in his department and how and where
employed.

September 16, 1777. The Quartermaster-General was ordered to remove to Bethle-
hem, Pa., or some other place of safety, the stores belonging to his department ordered
to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 153

October 0, 1777.

Resolved, That the . . . . Quartermaster-General and their dep-
uties, respectively, be directed to provide and supply, in the places
where Congress may meet, such articles of their respective depart-
ments as may be required by the several members thereof, for the use
of themselves, their servants and horses, the said members paying the
cost of the said articles; and that this resolution extend to the secre-
taries, treasurer, and the officers of the several boards and committees
of Congress.

October 10, 1777. On account of ill health, General Mifflin returned his commis-
sions of major-general and Quartermaster-General.

November 2, 1777. "The division and brigade quartermasters are to provide straw
for the troops, taking none that is not threshed." {Orders, General Headquarters,
Wh itemarsh.)

November 7, 1777. General Mifflin's resignation as Quartermaster-General was
accepted, but his commission as major-general was returned to him without the pay
annexed to the office, until further order of Congress. He was, same day, elected
member of the Board of War.

November 8, 1777.

Resolved, That General Mifflin be directed, notwithstanding his res-
ignation of Quartermaster-General is accepted, to continue in the exer-
cise of that office, and that he be invested with full powers to act until
another Quartermaster-General is appointed and enters upon the duties
of the office.

November 19, 1777.

Resolved, That David Poe be appointed quartermaster for the town
of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, in the room of and for the
purpose for which Jared Hopkins, who declines acting, was appointed.

November 22, 1777. In view of the difficulty of purchasing any stores at reasonable
prices, the several States were invited to adopt ana enforce a temporary regulation of
prices.

November U, 1777.

The committee appointed to prepare a plan for establishing a board
to superintend the departments of the commissaries and Quartermaster-
General report:

That as a board of war, consisting of persons not members of Con-
gress, has been lately established, and the late Quartermaster-General
is a member thereof, the committee are of opinion that a considerable
expense may be saved by adding to the board a person acquainted with
the commercial business, and authorizing it to superintend each of the
civil departments of the Army: Whereupon,

/,\W/v/. That Congress concur with the committee.

November 25, 1777.

Resolved, That Governor Caswell be desired to appoint proper per-
sons within the State of North Carolina to purchase with secrecy and
despatch all the merchantable leather and deerskins in that State proper
for making . . . saddles, harness, and military accoutrements,
. . . delivering the residue of the said leather [not used for making
shoes and breeches] to the order of the board of war.

154 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

December 1, 1777. Mr. James Yule was appointed wagon master to General De
Kalb's division. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Whitemarsh, Pa. )

December 18, 1777. "The colonels or commanding officers of regiments, with their
captains, are immediately to cause their men to be divided into squads of twelve,
and see that each squad have their proportion of tools, and set about a hut for them-
selves; and as encouragement to industry and art the general promises to reward the
party in each regiment which finishes their hut in the quickest and most workmanlike
manner with twelve dollars. And as there is reason to believe that boards for cover-
ing may be found scarce and difficult to be got, he offers one hundred dollars to any
officer or soldier who, in the opinion of three gentlemen he shall appoint as judges,
shall substitute some other covering that may be cheaper and quicker made, and will
in every respect answer the end." ( Orders, General Headquarters, at the Gulph. )

December 20, 1777. "The Quartermaster-General is to delay no time, but use his
utmost exertions, to procure large quantities of straw, either for covering the huts,
if it should be found necessary, or for beds for the soldiers. He is to assure the
farmers that unless they get their grain out immediately the straw will be taken with
the grain in it, and paid for as straw only." {Orders, General Headquarters, at the
Valley Forge.)

December 22, 1777. "The quartermaster is to provide a number of pails, that every
hut may have one. " {Orders, General Headquarters, Vail Forge.)

January 6, 1778.

Resolved, That General Heath be directed to order the deputy quar-
termaster-general in the Eastern Department forthwith to provide
1,000 good bell tents, and send them to the Army under the command
of General Washington.

January 13, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That a deputy quartermaster-general . . .
be appointed to act pro tempwe for the troops aforesaid [from New
Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, con-
stantly employed in Rhode Island for the defence of the State and of
the Providence Plantations]; that the deputy quartermaster-general
. . . be appointed by the officer commanding at that post [Provi-
dence], and that each . . . take the oath of fidelit}^ and office. . . .

February 3, 1778.

And whereas many persons employed as deputy ... or quar-
termasters, or in other civil departments, are dispersed in various parts
of the continent, over whom neither Congress nor the head of their
respective departments can have the immediate inspection:

Resolved, That it be recommended to the legislative and executive
authority of every State to take effectual measures for preventing any
person within their States from exercising any office in the civil
department of the Army . . . under Congress who shall not,
when thereunto required by any magistrate, produce a legal appoint-
ment to such office and a certificate of his having taken the foregoing
oaths or affirmations, or who shall neglect or refuse to take and sub-
scribe the said oaths or affirmations within the time above limited.

February 5, 1778.

Resolved, That the following plan be adopted for cariying into
immediate execution the important business of the Quartermaster-
General:

1st. The military line to be styled the Quartermaster-General's, which

, THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 155

is to include the regulating of marches, encampments, order of battle,
etc., etc., as described in the books of the profession:

This officer not to have the disposal of public money, except small
occasional sums for defraying petty expenses in the Army.

2d. The commissary of forage, who is to be confined to that article
in his purchases.

3d. The commissary for horses and wagons.

4th. The agents for the purchase of tents, entrenching tools, build-
ing of barracks, and for all the smaller supplies of the department.

The three last to be governed in their purchases by the estimates
and orders of the Quartermaster-General or the board of war.

Ordered^ That the board of war prepare suitable regulations for the
Quartermaster-General's Department agreeable to the foregoing plan.

February 6, 1778.

Resolved^ . . . That the Quartermaster-General and his deputies
be respectively directed to provide the auditors in each army with a
convenient house near headquarters, and that no other officers be quar-
tered therein.

That for the preservation of the public papers, the Quartermaster-
General or his deputies shall provide for the auditors in each arm} 7
a good covered wagon with horses, under their direction, . . .

February 11, 1778.

Resolved, . . . The Quartermaster-General, his deputies and
assistants, shall give the commissary-general [of military stores] every
assistance of teams for the removal of public stores, . . .

February U, 1778.

Whereas . . . the general assembly of Penns}^lvania have, by
a law, appointed commissaries in each county within their State, to
purchase or seise . . . provisions, etc., for the supply of the
Army, pursuant to such orders as they shall receive from Congress.

Revolved, . . . That the said commissaries deliver . . . the
forage to the order of the commissary of forage or his assistants, to
whom severally they are directed to send immediate notice, when such
purchases are made, . . .

February 21, 1778.

I(xolvcd, That the committee of Congress at the camp, in conjunc-
tion with General Washington, be authorized forthwith to make the
proper appointments for the Quartermaster-General's Department:

* * *

Resolved, That the Board of War immediately employ a suitable
number of proper persons on the east side of Susquehanna to pur-
chase . . . forage for the Army, . . .

March 2, 1778.

A letter of February 25th from the committee at camp was read,
proposing a new arrangement of the Quartermaster-General's Depart-

156 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U fc S. ARMY.

ment and commending persons to execute the business of the said
department.

Congress, taking into consideration the arrangement proposed by the
committee,

Resolved, That the same be adopted, instead of that agreed to on the
5th day of February, and that there be one Quartermaster-General and
two assistant quartermasters-general.

That these three be allowed for their trouble and expense one per
cent upon the monies issued in the department, to be divided as they
shall agree, and including an addition to the pay of the wagon-master-
general and his deputy;

That Major-General Greene be appointed Quartermaster-General;

That John Cox and Charles Pettit, esqs., be appointed Assistant
Quartermasters-General ;

That the forage-masters, wagon-masters, and other officers in the
department be in the appointment of the Quartermaster-General, who
is to be responsible for their conduct.

Resolved, That Major-General Greene retain his rank of major-gen-
eral in the Army.

April 11, 1778.

Ordered, That Colonel Cox, assistant quartermaster-general, employ
a deputy to attend Congress and procure good stables and provender
for their horses and proper persons to take care of the same, and that
he receive from each member his just proportion of the expense.

May 2, 1778. Congress authorized the Commissioners at Fort Pitt, or, in their
absence, the officer appointed to command on the western frontier, to appoint a
proper person to perform the duties of quartermaster to the militia of the counties of
Rockingham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Montgomery, Washington, and
Greenbrier, Va.

May 21, 1778. General Mifflin was granted leave to join General "Washington's
army.

May 27, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That the brigade quartermaster be appointed by
the Quartermaster-General out of the captains or subalterns in the
brigade to which he shall be appointed.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition to their pay as officers in the line there
be allowed to ... a brigade quartermaster, 15 dollars.

* * *

Resolved, That . . . brigade quartermasters heretofore ap-
pointed from the line shall hold their present rank and be admissible
into the line again in the same rank they held when taken from the
line, provided that no . . . quartermaster shall have the com-
mand of any ofncers who commanded him when in line.

May 29, 1778.

Whereas Congress, in the present arrangement of the Quartermaster-
General's Department, have given the Quartermaster-General the
appointment of the subordinate officers of that department;

Resolved, That Udney Hay, esq., who, under the former arrange-
ment of the said department, was appointed assistant deputy quarter-

THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 157

master-general at Ticonderoga and a lieutenant-colonel by brevet, can
not now hold that office by virtue of the said appointment, nor be
entitled to an} T privilege or emolument which either does at present
or may hereafter accrue to any officer of the same rank in the line.

June 4, 1778. Congress appointed Messrs. Carroll, Matthews, and Wentworth a
committee to extract from the journals, for publication, the regulations of the
Quartermaster's Department.

June 11, 1778. Patrick Lockhart, esq., was appointed to procure pack horses and
other necessaries for the expedition to reduce the garrison of Detroit and compel
terms of peace from such of the Indian nations now in arms against the States lying
on or contiguous to the route between Fort Pitt and Detroit. The expedition was
deferred by resolve of July 25, 1778.

July 28, 1778.

Ordered, That the Quartermaster-General furnish the Hon. the
Sieur Gerard, minister plenipotentiary of his most Christian Majesty,
with such and so many norses and such forage as he shall direct, and
that he deliver, from time to time, special accounts of the prices of
the said horses and forage to the board of treasury.

August 12, 1778.

Resolved, That every officer in the Army of the United States
whose duty requires his being on horseback in time of action, and
whose horse shall be killed in action, be allowed a sum not exceeding
500 dollars as a compensation for his horse so killed, this resolution
to have retrospect as far as the first day of May, 1777; and the Quar-
termaster-General be, and is hereb}^, authorized to pay the value of
such horses, not exceeding the said sum, to the respective sufferers,
on the facts being properly authenticated.

August 16, 1778. "John Storey, esq., is appointed in the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment to receive and take care of all the intrenching tools." {Orders, General
Headquarters. )

August 17, 1778.

Resolved, That each officer in the department of the Quartermaster
and Barrackmaster General attending Congress be directed, from time
to time, to render to the several members accounts of the articles sup-
plied them respectively, according to the cost thereof; such accounts
to be paid to the paymaster of the board of war and ordnance. . . .

August 17, 1778. General MifHin tendered his resignation.

September 11, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That General Washington be informed that
Congress have given orders for the purchase of 20,000 barrels of flour,
to be transported by water for that purpose; and that he bo authorized
and directed to fix on the places where the said magazines shall be-
established and to give the necessary orders to the Quartermaster-
General . . . for carrying this resolution into execution.

September 11, 1778. Congress having approved General Washington's recom-
mendation that magazines l- cstiiblishcd in Massachusetts and Connecticut, at con-
venient places distant hpm the Sound, he was directed to give the necessary orders
to the Quartermaster-General.

158 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

September 12, 1778.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to order the
commissary of forage to give immediate directions to his deputies and
assistants not to purchase any wheat for forage, except in the vicinity
of camp, unless in cases of absolute necessity; and when such cases
arise, that the reasons for deviating from this order be transmitted to
the commissary of forage, and by him submitted to the opinion of the
Quartermaster-General.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases be directed to
give orders to his deputies and assistants forthwith to deliver to the
commissary of forage and his deputies the bad wheat and offals of
wheat which they at present have or may hereafter have in their
respective possessions; and, further, that the said commissary-general
issue orders to the purchasers to be careful not to purchase in future
damaged wheat, as the same is found by experience extremely injurious
even for the purposes of forage.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to consult
with the Commander in Chief whether a reduction of the stationary
teams can not be made consistently with the good of the service, or
whether ox teams can not, in the present seat of war, be substituted
in a great measure for horse teams; and if General Washington shall
be of opinion that both or either of these measures are advisable that
the Quartermaster-General take measures for carrying the same into
execution in such manner as shall be deemed most consistent with the
good of the Army and a regard to public economy.

October 2, 1778.

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative or,
when vested with sufficient power, to the executive authorities of the
States above mentioned [New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela-
ware, Maryland, and Virginia] to authorize and direct any civil mag-
istrate within their respective jurisdiction, on an information given
by the . . . Quartermaster-General, or by the deputy . . .
quartermaster-general of the respective districts, of any extraordi-
nary quantity of grain . . . being purchased and in the possession
of individuals forthwith to issue his warrant empowering the inform-
ant to seize the same for the public use, paying for the same such
prices as to the respective legislatures appear proper, to prevent the
practice of engrossing those articles in future, . . .

October 13, 1778.

. Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general in the
State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of
the . . . deputy quartermaster, ... in the said States (they
obtaining a warrant from the commanding officer in the Southern
department) such sum or sums of money as may be wanting in their
respective departments; . . .

Resolved, That the . . . deputy quartermaster ... in the
State of Georgia, when they deliver their respective accounts of expend-
itures to the deputy paymaster-general, do cause to be specified, on
the receipts of the said accounts, that the same were paid in conti-
nental currency, and that the sum be fully expressed in words.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 159

October 18, 1778.

Resolved, That for the future no wheat be purchased for forage "by
any person for the use of the United States unless Congress shall
order otherwise.

October 22, 1778.

Whereas upon the evacuation of this city [Philadelphia] by the
British army, certain seizures were made of goods and effects, sup-
posed to belong to the subjects of Great Britain, and other goods were
taken up under contracts entered into with the inhabitants of this city
by the officers, in the departments of the quartermaster . . . gen-
erals, and a committee hath been appointed by Congress to examine into
the conduct of the said officers in making the said seizures and con-
tracts, that justice may be done to the public and individuals, but report
hath not yet been made:

Resolved, That the board of war direct such of the said goods,
whether seized or contracted for, as may be wanted for the immediate
use of the Army, . . . to be appropriated for that purpose; and
that the board of war direct that proper accounts be kept of the goods
so appropriated, the quantity and quality, and of whom seized, and
with whom contracted for.

November 10, 1778. Congress, having resolved that speedy and vigorous measures
should be taken to regulate the Quartermaster's Department, appointed Messrs
Scudder, G. Morris, and Whipple a committee to superintend that department.

November 17, 1778.

Congress proceeded to the election of a . . . deputy quarter-
nmster-general for the troops in the Southern Department, and the
ballots being taken,

. . . Stephen Drayton was elected deputy quartermaster-general
for the troops in the Southern Department, they having been previ-
ously nominated by the delegates of South Carolina.

November 19, 1778.

Whereas it has become necessary not only that speedy and vigorous
measures should be taken to regulate the . . . quartermaster's
department, but also that a constant attention should be paid to those
departments:

Resolved, That Mr. Scudder, Mr. G. Morris, and Mr. Whipple be a
committee to superintend the same departments and that they, or any
two of them, be empowered to take such steps relating to the same as
they shall think the most for the public service.

November 30, 1778.

Resolved, That in all cases when forage is wanted for the troops, and
can not be purchased by the commissaries at reasonable rates, application
be made to the executive and legislative authority of the State wherein
the forage is required, or to some person or persons properly author-
ized by them for that purpose, for their interposition and assistance in
procuring the necessary supplies.

160 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January 23, 1779. General Washington was directed, June 11, 1778, to order an
inquiry into the conduct of General Mifflin, late Quartermaster-General, and others
of that department. The Congressional committee (Messrs. G. Morris, Reed, and
Witherspoon) appointed August 17, 1778, having reported that no proceedings had
been had on the subject, submitted that if the resolve of June 11, 1778, was to be
executed, the same should be done by a court of inquiry and court-martial in the
usual manner. Congress having agreed to the report, ordered that a copy be furnished
the Commander in Chief.

February 1, 1779.

Resolved, That the Commander in Chief give such directions as
he may think proper for arranging the . . . quartermaster's
departments to the westward, any resolutions of Congress notwith-
standing.

February 20, 1779.

Resolved, That the portmanteaus and valises furnished to the officers
of the Army by the Quartermaster-General, pursuant to the orders of
the Commander in Chief, be charged to the United States, and the
officers permitted to retain them for their own use; provided that no
officer shall be more than once furnished at the public expense with
the articles aforesaid unless unavoidably lost or taken by the enemy in
time of action.

February 20, 1779. The quartermaster at the prisoners' camp in Virginia was
directed to reside at or near the barracks, and the governor and the council of Vir-
ginia were requested to superintend the conduct of those in charge of the camp.

February 25, 1779. Gen. Thomas Mifflin resigned.

March 5, 1779.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General . . . and such of
their deputies as they shall appoint for that purpose be, and they are
hereby, authorized and directed to pay all certificates (of the authen-
ticity whereof they are or shall be satisfied) for . . . forage,
. . . or other articles, within the lines of their respective depart-
ments, furnished by the inhabitants to the troops on detachments, or
in cases of necessity when supplies could not be obtained in a regular
course; for which sums so to be paid they shall be allowed for their
trouble one-half per cent, and no more. The evidence of such sup-
plies being furnished shall, so far as regards the party of whom
received, be the certificates of the officers receiving them. But the
officers in the said departments . . . paying the same shall notify
the officers who gave such certificates to render an account of the
application of the articles so received, and the said officers are hereby
directed to render such accounts accordingly; and the said quarter-
master . . . and their deputies so paying the said certificates
are hereby authorized and empowered to examine and settle the said

accounts.

* * *

Resolved, That certificates hereafter given by commissioned officers
for articles received for the use of the Army be signed with their
name at full length and the rank they hold, and if under a general
officer, that the regiment to which they belong be added.

That the particular articles received be inserted in the body of the
certificate; their value, the time when, and place where received in
letters and not in figures.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 161

That the certificates be directed to the principal of the department
whose duty it is to provide the articles so received or his nearest
deputy; separate receipts to be given whensoever the articles apper-
tain to the several departments.

That officers keep exact copies of the certificates they give, and
transmit other copies to the nearest deputy or agent in the depart-
ment, giving him the necessary information respecting the business.

That the deputies transmit copies of all the certificates they pay to
their principals, that inquiiy may be made whether the giving the cer-
tificates was necessary for the public service and whether the things
received have been properly applied.

March 12, 1779.

Resolved, . . .

That the . . . Quartermaster-General pay to the memorialists
[merchants of Philadelphia], from whom goods were taken for public
use, the current price of the same at the time when the said goods were
taken.

March 13, 1779.

Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General be directed to
lay before Congress, without delay, a full account of the sales and dis-
tribution of the goods taken from the inhabitants of Philadelphia when
that city was evacuated by the enemy.

March 16, 1779.

Whereas, discontent, loss of strength, and diminution of the strength
of the line have arisen by employing the Continental troops as wag-
oners, and it will be of public advantage to enlist proper persons for
that service during the war:

Resolved, therefore, That the Commander in Chief be authorized and
directed to take proper measures for causing to be enlisted such a
number of wagoners as he shall judge necessary for the service, to
continue therein to the end of the war; that each wagoner voluntarily
engaging for that period shall be entitled, in addition to the present
monthly pay, clothing, and subsistence allowed to wagoners, to the
same bounties, in all respects, as are granted to volunteers who shall
enlist in the Continental battalions for the term of the war; that the
Quartermaster-General shall establish such regulations for the con-
duct of the said corps of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and
approved of by the Commander in Chief; in which care shall be taken
that regular returns be made to the Board of War of the number of
wagoners ordered to bo raised, as well as of those who shall actually
engage in the service; that the same form, as near as may be, shall be
pursued in mustering and paying the said corps of wagoners as is
prad i<cd with respect to the troops of the line; that the Quartermaster-
General be authorized to appoint a paymaster and muster master for
the said corps of wagoners, and transmit their names, and the regula-
tions hereby authorized to be made, to the Board of War, to be respec-
tively registered.

Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be
put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to
arrests, trials, and punishments.

S. Doc. 229 11

162 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

April 17, 1779.

Resolved, That the Commander in Chief be authorized and directed
to take such measures for enlisting a competent number of wagoners,
to continue in service for nine months, or cfuring the ensuing campaign,
as shall by him be deemed most efficacious and proper.

That the wagoners so enlisted shall receive a sum not exceeding 40
dollars per month, and a suit of clothes as a bounty.

That such regulations shall be established by the Quartermaster-
General for the conduct, mustering, and paying of the said corps of
wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of by the Com-
mander in Chief.

That all regulations made in virtue hereof, and the number of wag-
oners enlisted, be, from time to time, returned and reported by the
Quartermaster-General to the Board of War.

Resolved, That the act of Congress of the 16th of March, on the
subject of enlisting wagoners, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

April 23, 1779.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be empowered and
directed to emplo} 7 so many wagons as shall be necessary for the use
of the Army, upon the best terms on which they can be obtained; pro-
vided such terms are approved by the Commander in Chief.

May 11, 1779.

Resolved, That all deputy quartermasters-general who transact busi-
ness upon commissions shall not be entitled either to pay or rations;
but when they act without receiving such commissions, whether sta-
tioned at a post or with the Army, they shall be allowed 200 dollars per
month, two rations per day, and 40 dollars per month subsistence.

That the pay of an assistant quartermaster be 140 dollars per month
and the usual rations and subsistence.

That the pay of a deputy wagon-master-general be 100 dollars per
month and one ration per day and 20 dollars per month subsistence;
and that a wagon master be allowed 80 dollars per month, one ration
per day, and 10 dollars per month subsistence.

That a deputy commissary-general of forage attending the main
Army, or attached to an army in a separate department, be allowed
the same pay and rations as a deputy quartermaster-general acting
without commissions.

That the assistant commissaries of forage either attending the Army
to collect forage on a march, or those employed in purchasing under
the principal purchasers in districts, shall have the same allowance as
the assistant deputy quartermasters-general; and the forage masters
who attend the receipt and issues of forage at posts or magazines, and
one with each brigade of the Army, be allowed the same pay and
rations as wagon masters.

May 27, 1779. The troops are to apply to the Qnartennaster-4 ieneral without delay
for tents in the following proportion for each regiment:
One marquee and one horseman's tent for the field officers.
One horseman's tent for the officers of each company.
One walled tent for the adjutant.
One walled tent for the quartermaster.
One walled tent for the surgeon and mate.
One walled tent for the paymaster.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 163

One common tent for the sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant.

One common tent for the fife and dram major.

One common tent for the noncommissioned officers of each company and one for
every six privates, including drum and fifes. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middle
Brook: )

May 26, 1779.

The board of treasury report that they have considered a letter from
the board of war of the 21st of May . . . and are of opinion

That Colonel Melchior [barrack-inaster-general] be directed to dis-
miss all his deputies not at this post and Charlottesville, and make
report of the names and stations of the deputy barrack masters so
to be dismissed to the Board of War, who shall issue orders to the
Quartermaster-General to put the barracks under the charge of his
deputies.

II > soloed, That Congress agree to the report.-

June U, 1779.

ll< solved, That the Quartermaster-General be empowered to allow
and pay for a wagon, driver, and four horses, 13 dollars, one ration
and forage per day; shoeing the horses, if done at the expense of the
United States, to be deducted from the wages.

Resolved, That it be recommended to these States to exempt all
drivers of wagons employed in the service of the United States from
militia duties, and from all fines on that account, while they are engaged
in the service, and that such service shall be considered and allowed
as their tour of duty in the militia for such time as they are thus
engaged.

July 9, 1779.

Jli solved, That the executive powers of each State be earnestly
requested instantly to make the strictest enquiry into the conduct of
every person within such State respectively employed, either in the
Quartermaster-General . . . departments, and in case of any kind
of misbehavior, or strong suspicion thereof, in any such person not
bring an officer immediately appointed by Congress, to remove or
suspend every such person, ordering him, at their discretion, to be
prosecuted at the expense of the United States, and to appoint another
in his place, if necessary, and so, from time to time, as occasion may
tic. giving notice to the board of war, and also to the Quartermaster-
General ... in whose Department such removal or suspension
shall be, of the change; the person so appointed to have the same
authority and pay which the person removed had been vested with
and entitled to, or such pay as the said executive powers, respectively,
shall agree for, to be in like manner subject to the head of the depart-
ment to which he belongs, and to observe all the regulations for the
government of deputy quartermasters; . . . and that the execu-
tive powers of each State be in like manner requested to enquire into
the number of persons employed in the Quartermaster-GeneraFs
. . . departments, and immediately to discharge such as shall be
judged unnecessary.

August 17, 1779.

Ordered, That two members be added to the committee for superin-
tending the departments of the Quartermaster. . . .
The members chosen, Mr. Root and Mr. Scudder.

164 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August 18, 1779.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10
dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly
for their subsistence, in lieu of those articles of food originally
intended for them and not furnished.

September 6, 1779.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to erect bar-
racks at the expense of the United States for quartering the troops in
the State of Rhode Island.

September 27, 1779.

Resolved, That a member be added to the committee appointed to
superintend the Quartermaster . . . departments, and . that
another be elected in the room of Mr. Whipple, who is absent.

The members chosen, Mr. Jenifer and Mr. Mercer.

October 13, 1779.

Resolved, That Mr. Jacob Hiltzheimer be authorized and directed
to provide for the horses belonging to members of Congress; that for
this purpose the commissary-general of forage be directed to supply
him with such articles of forage, and of such qualities as he shall
direct, together with the account of the cost thereof. . . .

November 5, 1779. Messrs. Wynkoop and Forbes were added to the committee
appointed to superintend the Quartermaster's Department.

November 12, 1779. l

Resolved, That the eleven companies of artificers raised by the
Quartermaster-General be reformed, and incorporated and arranged
in such manner as the Commander in Chief shall deem proper.

November 16, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That the commanding officer of the corps of
artificers shall be allowed the same pay and subsistence as a lieutenant-
colonel.

That the allowance of pay, subsistence, and clothing of the other
officers and men of the said artificers be the same as that of the artil-
lery artificers under the command of Colonel B. Flower.

November 25, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That all clothing issued to . . . enlisted
artificers and wagoners, beyond those allowed to them as a bounty,
shall also be valued and paid for at the rate before mentioned; but no
. . . wagoner or artificer shall be entitled to purchase in any one

1 This entry refers to the corps of wagoners authorized by the resolve of March 16,
1779; these companies were to be considered part of the quotas of the 80 battalions
apportioned in the several States.

THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 165

year, out of the public store, any other additional articles than those
of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not more of these than are abso-
lutely necessary, and not exceeding the number of the like articles
allowed as their bounty clothing.

That ... all clothing ... to wagoners [shall be issued]
or. the certificate of the quartermaster-general, one of the assistant
quartermasters-general, or of the deput}* quartermaster-general em-
ploying them, or of the wagon-master-general or deputy wagon-mas-
tei-general under whom they serve.

That no . . . wagoner, not being engaged for at least one year,
shall receive clothing, and if any such officer, artificer, or wagoner,
being engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such clothing,
shall quit the service before the expiration of the term for which he
or they are or shall be engaged, he or they shall forfeit and pay the
full value of such clothing, and be subject to all other penalties and
inconveniences attending his or their breach of contract or desertion.
* * *

R( solved, That the departments of the quartermaster-general . . .
be, for the future, under the superintendency and direction of the
board of war, and that the committee of Congress on those depart-
ments deliver over to the board of war all papers in their hands
respecting them, and thereupon be discharged.

November 30, 1779.

Resolved, That the board of war be directed to procure from the
Quartermaster-General . . . the forage master and the barrack-
master-general a return of all the assistants, deputies, officers, agents,
and other persons employed in their respective departments, the dis-
tricts in which they are employed, and the terms upon which they are
engaged, and that such returns be made by the first day of January
next.

December U, 1779.

Whereas the aid of the several States is necessarj^ in furnishing
. . . supplies for carrying on the war, and justice requires that
they be called upon to furnish their respective quotas at equitable
prices:

lu solved, That all the States shall be called upon to furnish their
quotas of such supplies as may, from time to time, be wanted for
carrying on the war; and in making the requisitions due care shall be
taken to suit the convenience of the several States, and the articles by
them respectively furnished shall be credited towards their quotas of
the monies which they are called upon to raise for the United States,
at equal prices for articles of the same kind and quality, and for others
in due proportion, and the accounts shall be finally compared and
adjusted so as to do equity to all the States.

Decemher 17, 1779.

Resolved, That when the legislature of any State shall have under-
taken to procure its quota of any of the articles required, all pur-
chases of such articles by the . . . quartermasters in such State
be discontinued. . . .

166 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January 7, 1780.

Ordered, That . . . the board of war ... be directed to
discharge immediately the supernumerary officers in the barrack-
master's department. . . .

January 20, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the department of the barrack-master gen-
eral be abolished.

January 27, 1780. Issues of quartermaster stores to members of Congress under reso-
lution of October 2, 1777 ordered discontinued.

February 25, 1780.

Resolved, That the several States be called on forthwith to procure
their respective quotas of supplies for the ensuing campaign as follows,
to wit:

Rhode Island. . . . 400 tons of haj\

Connecticut. . . . 500 tons of hay.

New York. . . . 500 tons of hay, 30,000 bushels of indian
corn or other short forage equivalent.

New Jersey. . . . 3,500 tons of hay, 30,000 bushels of coin
or short forage equivalent.

Pennsylvania. ... . 1,700 tons of hay, 200,000 bushels of corn
or short forage equivalent.

Delaware. . . . 500 tons of hay, 18,662 bushels of corn or
short forage equivalent.

Maryland. . . . 200 tons of hay or corn blade, 56,152 bushels
of corn or short forage equivalent. . . .

Virginia. . . . 400 tons of hay or corn blade, 200,000 bush-
els of corn or short forage equivalent. . . .

North Carolina. . . . 800 tons of hay or corn blade, 80,000
bushels of corn or short forage in proportion.

South Carolina. . . . 800 tons of hay or corn blade, 80,000
bushels of corn or short forage equivalent.
* *

Resolved, That the articles aforesaid be collected and deposited or
delivered at the risk of the respective States in such places within
each State, respectively, as the Commander in Chief .shall judge most
convenient. . . .

Provided, That such of the articles as shall be destined or taken by
the enemy, after being deposited as aforesaid, or which shall be
damaged by long keeping, shall be paid for by the United States.

Resolved, That the respective States be credited for all such commod-
ities, being of good and sufficient quality, as shall be received for the
use of the United States, by persons appointed to inspect the same, at
the prices following, to wit:

. . . clean, well-dried indian corn per bushel, one-half a dol-
lar; oats, well cleaned, one half a dollar per bushel; . . . best
upland first-crop hay per ton, $15; best indian corn blades per ton,
$15. . . .

Resolved, That all the accounts between these States relating to
their quotas of the supplies aforesaid shall be kept and finally settled
in Spanish milled dollars, and the balance finally paid in specie.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 167

Resolved, That if it shall appear, on an adjustment of the quotas of
the several States, that any State has supplied more than its due pro-
portion in value, every such State shall be paid the value of the sur-
plus, at the rates aforesaid, in specie, with interest at 6 per centum
per annum, from the time each surplus shall have been deposited as
above directed; and every State which shall have failed to supply its
due proportion shall be charged with the deficiency, at the rates afore-
said, and the like interest thereon, from the time that the same ought
to have been deposited.

Resolved, That the several States cause monthly returns to be made
to the board of war of all such commodities as shall be procured for
the use of the United States, specifying the quantities issued in each
preceding month.

Re solved, That when any State shall have taken the necessary
measures for furnishing its quota of the said supplies, and shall have
given information thereof to Congress, such State be authorized to
carry into effect the resolution of the 17th of December last, for dis-
continuing purchases of such supplies, by the . . . quarter-
masters within the same.

Resolved, . . . That the provisions furnished by authority of
any State, for the use of the Army, since the first day of December
last may be credited as part of the quota of supplies assigned to such
State, at the prices fixed in the foregoing resolutions, if such State
desire it.

March 8, 1780. "From the scarcity of forage and difficulty of obtaining the neces-
sary supplies, the general calls for a strict attention to the order of the 8th day of
I December last for sending away from camp as many horses as possible. When hay
tan not be issued and the supplies of grain will admit of it, eight quarts of grain are
to be issued daily for each horse, and when hay is issued, four quarts." {Orders,
(General Headquarters. Morristowi. )

July 15, 1780.

Evolved, That there be one Quartermaster-General and one assistant
quartermaster-general appointed by Congress, and one deputy quarter-
master for the main Army and one for each separate army, to be
appointed by the Quartermaster-General.

That the Quartermaster-General appoint one deputy for each State,
if he shall judge so many to be necessary and the same be approved
by the board of war, the person appointed to be approved of by the
supreme executive of the State in which he is to be employed.

That each deputy, whether appointed for one State or more, shall
appoint as many assistants as the service may necessarily require and
the Quartermaster-General shall approve, and a return of such appoint-
ments shall be immediately made to the board of war by the Quarter-
master-General.

That all storekeepers, contractors, clerks, conductors, artificers, and
laborers, of whatever denomination, who may be found necessary for
I he well conducting the public business bo appointed by the deputies
in their respective districts, and that they employ them in such num-
bers, for such time, and at such places as the service may require and
on such conditions as shall be most for the benefitof the public; never-
theless, if they are agreed with or continue in service tor any longer
time than two months, the conditions are to be approved by the
Quiirtcrin;isici-( foneral.

That the duty of a deputy quartermaster for a State shall be to pro-

168 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

vide the means of transportation in such State for all public property
agreeably to the orders he may receive from the Commander in Chief,
the board of war, the Quartermaster-General, or the officer command-
ing in the State, to provide such storehouses as may be necessary for the
preservation of the public property, and to appoint suitable storekeep-
ers, properly instructed, to account in the best manner the nature of
the business will admit, agreeably to such plans as the Quartermaster-
General may prescribe, for all articles received, whether provided by
the State in the State or received from another State, taking care
always to note deficiencies and to reject such as are deficient in qual-
ity, whether provided by the State or in any other manner within the
State; but if the parties are dissatisfied, the storekeeper and the per-
son or persons so tendering the goods shall each nominate three of the
most reputable freeholders in the vicinity of the place where the goods
are to be delivered, the storekeeper to appoint one of the three nomi-
nated by the person or persons offering the goods, and he or they, one of
those named by the storekeeper, and if the two first can not agree, a
third is to be chosen by lot out of the remaining four as an umpire, the
arbitrators to be on oath and copies of their award to be delivered in
writing to the parties, which shall be binding and conclusive; to keep
proper registers of all persons, teams, pack horses, vessels, and craft
employed in the department, noting the manner and conditions on
which they serve and whether the teams, pack horses, vessels, or craft
are private or public property; to execute all orders, either for pur-
chases or other purposes, which he may receive from the Commander
in Chief, the board of war, the Quartermaster-General, or the com-
manding officer in the State; to pay all officers in the different parts
of the State who shall be necessary to execute the business of the
department and who have been approved as aforesaid; to give such
instructions with respect to the management of the business as shall
appear necessary to nave it conducted with the greatest economy and
order, and at the same time with that despatch which the service may
require; to apply to the assistant quartermaster-general for such sums
of money as the service may require, and to distribute the same in such
proportion as will best answer the purpose; to visit all the places of
business of those serving under him as often as his other duties will
admit, and see whether they execute their duty agreeably to the
instructions they receive; to inspect their accounts, books of receipts,
and issues, and to correct what is amiss; to collect and render his
accounts of expenditures and returns of public property and persons
employed in the department every three months, and to make return
to the assistant quartermaster-general of all the issues that have been
made, mentioning the articles, quantity or number of each, on whose
application or order issued, and to whom delivered; to see that all
stores provided in one State to be forwarded to another be carefully
inspected, that the quantity and quality is agreeable to the order given
before they are sent forward; to confine all the contracts or bargains
of the contractors and agents of every denomination within the State
to which they belong, to prevent one contractor interfering with
another; to make such provision for wintering or recruiting public
horses as may be necessary for the convenience and support of the
Army, and generally to do and perform everything necessary to pro-
mote the service.

That the duty of the assistant quartermaster-general shall be to reside
near Congress, to frame plans for keeping accounts in the department,

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 169

and to accommodate them to the nature of the business in the best pos-
sible manner for preserving regularity; and after the Quartermaster-
General shall approve thereof, to transmit them to the deputies in the
several States, as a rule for their stating and keeping their accounts,
to be by them communicated to all their under agents; to receive from
the Army and the districts the accounts and vouchers arising therein
to the first day of December, and to lay them before the chamber of
accounts for settlement by the first day of January; to apply to the
Board of Treasury for such sums of money as the Quartermaster-General
shall direct, and distribute the same as the several branches of the
department may require; to make such remarks and give such direc-
tions to the deputies in the several States as shall be found necessary
for saving expense or preserving order in the business; to receive from
the respective deputies, at the end of every three months, returns of
all persons employed, how, where, and on what conditions, and returns
of all public property belonging to the department, and where depos-
ited, made out in four distinct columns, one containing what has not
been issued, another what is in use, the third what has been used and
wants repairing, and the fourth what is unfit for further service and
still of some value; these returns to be made agreeably to such forms
as shall be furnished by the Quartermaster-General.

That the returns be made to the assistant quartermaster-general in
March, June, September, and December, and that the general returns
be furnished to the Quartermaster-General as soon as possible.

That the Quartermaster-General appoint one commissary of forage
for the main army and so many deputies, forage masters, clerks, and
laborers as the service may require and the Commander in Chief shall
approve of; a deputy commissary of forage and as many clerks and
laborers for each separate army as the service may require and the
commanding officer of such separate army shall approve of.

That the duty of a commissary of forage and of a deputy commis-
sary of forage with a separate army shall be to provide forage and
pasture in the neighborhood of the camp, by purchase or otherwise,
as the case may require, and to distribute the same; to correspond with
the deputy quartermasters in the States in or near which the army
may be and make seasonable requisitions from them for such quanti-
ties of forage as the service may require, and to receive and issue
the same to the army in such manner and proportion as is hereafter
directed.

That the wages of the people employed in the forage branch, as
well as the price of forage purchased and hire of pasture as aforesaid,
and all other contingent expenses of the department, be directed for
payment to the Quartermaster-General's pay office; that the commis-
sary of forage or his deputy certify the sums due, and that the same
have been fully examined; that such orders or certificates for payment
be presented to the auditor of accounts in the Quartermaster General's
office and pass from him to the pay office; but when from sudden move-
ments of the army the certificates lor pasturage or forage furnished in
the vicinity thereof, signed by the commissary of forage or his deputy,
can not be brought for payment to the Quartermaster-General's pay
office in camp without great inconvenience to the possessors of the
same, such certificates shall bo paid by the deputy quartermaster of
the State in which the same shall have been furnished, the sums and
articles furnished Icing inserted in words at full length; and to pre-
vent frauds the commissary of forage, or deputy with a separate army,

170 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

shall furnish the deputy quartermaster of the State in which the army
may serve with a list of the persons employed in the forage branch, in
their own handwriting-, and the printed form of certificates generally
made use of by them.

That the commissary of forage, or deputy with a separate army, fix
upon such places for receiving and issuing forage to the army as shall
best accommodate the service; and that written instructions be given
to the keeper of the magazine of forage, how and to whose order to
issue the same; that proper entries be made in a book, to be kept for
the purpose, of all receipts and issues, and that the orders be numbered
and filed to agree with the entries in the book.

That the forage masters and keepers of the army magazines shall
make weekly returns to the commissary of forage, or to the deputy
with a separate army, of all forage received and issued, and of ail
pasturage made use of, and certificates given for the same; and that
the commissary of forage, or deputj^ with a separate army, shall, at
the end of every four weeks," make returns to the Quartermaster-
General, or deputy quartermaster with a separate army, of all the
forage received at the magazines or collected from the country, and
of the issues of the same; also of all certificates for pasturage or
forage which have, within that time, been given for settlement at the
Quartermaster-General's pay office.

That forage for the wagon horses be issued on the returns of the
respective conductors, countersigned by the wagon master or his
deputy; and for other horses, on the order of the officers entitled to
receive forage by virtue of these regulations; and if any officer in the
forage department shall issue forage in any other manner, or in
larger proportions than is precribed in these regulations, he shall be
charged with and pay the full value of such extra forage, and be dis-
missed from the service.

That there be no deput} T commissary of forage or forage master
appointed except for the main army, or a separate arnry, and that all
forage which it may hereafter be necessary to issue at any post be issued
by the deputy quartermaster of the State, his assistants, or storekeepers.

That the deputy quartermaster of the State shall appoint the maga-
zines or places at which forage shall be issued, and none shall be issued
at any other; nor shall any forage be issued at such post to any officer,
unless he certifies upon honor, on his return, that he is not on furlough
nor absent from the army on his private business.

That a ration of forage shall consist of 14 pounds of haj' and 8 quarts
of oats for a saddle horse, and 16 pounds of hay and 12 quarts of oats,
or other short forage equivalent, for a draught horse, per day; that in
cases where either of the above articles can not be furnished, a double
quantity of the other shall be considered as a complete ration.

And whereas the great number of issuing posts established in these
States have, by experience, been found very burdensome and expensive :

Resolved, That from and after the first day of August next no post,
without troops there stationed, and in the continental service, shall be
continued or established in any State at the expense of the United States,
nor public provisions or forage issued thereat, but by order of the Board
of War, the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate
army; and such orders shall be given only in cases when, in their
opinion, the obtaining provision or forage in any other way would be
impracticable.

And whereas it may sometimes happen that there is a necessity to

THE QUAETEEMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 171

detain hired teams, the owners of which were to find their own forage
and provisions, beyond the time for which such teams were engaged,
and who, if their own forage and provisions are expended, must have
recourse to the public magazines:

Resolved, That such teams, and their conductors and drivers, so
detained and become destitute of forage and provisions, shall be sup-
plied out of the public magazines, upon the written order of the officer
by whose order they shall have been detained; and the wagon master
or his deputy or other person under whose direction such teams be
employed, before he signs their discharge, shall caused to be endorsed
thereon, by the forage master and commissary, or storekeeper (as the
case may be), the number of rations of forage and provisions furnished
to such teams and their conductors and drivers, that the same may be
deducted out of the wages due to the owners of such hired teams;
that, excepting in the cases above mentioned, no provisions or forage
be drawn by any person not actually serving with the Army or some
detachment thereof.

That there be one wagon master with the main Army, and as many
deputies, clerks, and conductors as the service may require and the
Commander in Chief shall approve of; that there be a deputy for each
separate army, with as many assistants, clerks, and conductors as the
same may require and the commanding officer shall approve of.

That the wagon master and deputy with a separate army shall keep
an exact register of all persons and teams employed with the army in
his department, distinguishing by proper columns the private and
public property; that he keep exact registers of all payrolls, noting
the time and conditions of payment; that in every pay roll the names
and employment of every person be inserted at full length; and that
the roll be signed by the wagon master or deputy with a separate
army, and then pass to the auditor of accounts in the office of the
Quartermaster-General, or deputy in a separate army, and from him
to the respective pay office.

That the wagon master, or deputy in a separate army, give all the
orders on the horse yard for horses to equip the teams, and orders on
the store for harness; and every deputy or assistant receiving horses
or harness upon such order shall be charged with the same in his
books, and be made to account by his weekly or monthly returns for
the horses or harness delivered to him.

That the wagon master shall make monthly returns to the Quarter-
master-General, or oftener, if required, of all persons, teams, and
horses einplo} r ed in his department, noting where and with whom
serving, adding a column of casualties in which to insert the deaths,
stolen or strayed horses, and also the harness that may be lost, and
generally to make such regulations for the government of the wagoners
as shall be best calculated to preserve public property, and to give
them as a standing order to all the wagon masters, the Quartermaster-
General approving thereof; that the like duties be performed by the
deputy wagon master of a separate army.

That the quartermaster have liberty, with the approbation of the
Commander in Chief, or commander of a separate army, to take such
and so many officers from the line of the Army to serve in his depart-
ment as he may find necessary, and as are willing to engage in the
business.

That the Quartermaster-General establish a horse yard with the
army for the purpose of receiving and issuing all public horses; and

172 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

that the person appointed deliver none from the yard but b} r the
order of the Commander in Chief, the Quartermaster-General, or his
deputy, or the wagon master.

The same regulations to take place with a separate army.

That an exact register be kept of the receipt and delivery of all
horses, from whom received, to whom delivered, and by whose order;
and also of all horses that may die, be stolen, or stray from the yard,
or that are ordered to be sold by the Quartermaster-General as unfit
for further service; and that returns of all transactions of the yard be
made to the Quartermaster-General's office monthly, and as much
oftener as the Quartermaster-General may direct.

Whereas it is necessary that every army should be limited in the
article of baggage (this regulation being essential, as well as to save
expense as to prevent the army from being embarrassed in its opera-
tions), and that every officer should have only such a quantity of bag-
gage as is essential to his comfort and appearance:

Mesolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses
be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be
by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa-
rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so man}' baggage
wagons and bathorses as they maj r think necessary, to wit:

Major-general and family

Brigadier-general and family

Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major

Captains and subalterns of a regiment, for their baggage

Surgeon, paymaster, adjutant, and quartermaster (regi-
mental staff)

Brigade quartermaster

For the tents of a regiment, for every 75 men (but this to be
varied according to the weight of the tents and state of the
roads)

Quartermaster-general, for his baggage according to his rank,
for his books, papers, etc., as many as he shall find neces-

sary .

Covered
4-horse
wagon.

Open
4-horse

wagon.

2-horse
wagon.

Bat-
horses.

Deputy quartermaster, with the main army, or with a sepa-
rate army, for his books, papers, etc., as many as they may
demand

Commissary of forage with the main army

Deputy commissary of forage with a separate army

Wagon master and clerks

Deputy wagon masters with the main army, each ,

Deputy wagon master with a separate army, clerks and as-
sistants ,

Inspector-general, for his baggage according to hisrank, and
for his papers, etc., according as the service may require or
Commander in Chief may direct , ,

Subinspector

Brigade inspector

Adjutant-general and assistants

Deputy adjutant-general with a separate army

Judge-advocate ,

Commissary of prisoners ,

Deputy judge-advocate with a separate army

Deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army

Provost-marshal with his prisoners and guards

A commissary and his deputy of purchases or issues

A deputy commissary with a separate army

Field commissary of military stores and his deputy with the
main army

Deputy commissary of military stores with a separate army. .

Auditors of the main army, for their baggage, books, papers,
etc

Auditors for a separate army

Deputy paymaster, either with the main army or with asepa-

rate army

Field postmaster

Express rider

or 2

or 2
1

or 2
or 2
or 2
or 2

or 2
or 2

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 173

Provided, That if the number of wagons, stated as above, should
prove insufficient, the Quartermaster-General may occasionally furnish
such additional carriage as the Commander in Chief, or commanding
officer of a separate army, or the Board of War may direct.

Whereas the business of deputy quartermasters, serving in the dif-
ferent States, may vary greatly from one another; and whereas that
allowance which would be ample in some States would be inadequate
in others:

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to fix the
pay of each deputy to conduct the business of his department in the
States according to the duties they have to perform, and the expenses
they will be at in executing the same, so that the pay of no deputy
exceed one hundred and thirty-four dollars per month, without provi
sioB or forage, always having regard to the merit and service of the
person appointed, and which shall be approved by the Board of War.

That the pay of the assistant deputy quartermasters be settled by
the deput}^ quartermaster under whom they respectively serve, accord-
ing to the duties they have to perform, and the expense they will be
at in executing the same, so as the pay of no assistant deputy quarter-
master exceed seventy-five dollars per month, without provisions or
forage, always having regard to the merit and services of the person
appointed, and which shall be approved of by the Quartermaster-
General.

That the pay of the officers in the Quartermaster-General's Depart-
ment, who are attached to the main or a separate army and move
with it, be as follows:

Quartermaster-General, in addition to his pay as an officer in the
line, at the rate of one hundred and sixty-six dollars per month.

Assistant quartermaster-general, who is to reside near Congress, at
the rate of one hundred and sixty-six dollars per month.

Deput}^ quartermaster, thirty-five dollars per month, in addition to
his pay in the line.

Brigade quartermaster, twenty dollars per month, in addition to his
pay in the line.

Commissary of forage, seventy-five dollars per month, and two
rations of provisions per day.

Deputy commissary of forage, forty dollars per month, and one
ration of provisions per day.

Forage master, in addition to his pay in the line of the Army, ten
dollars per month.

Wagon master, sixty dollars per month and two rations of provi-
sions per day.

Deputy wagon master, forty-five dollars per month and one ration
of provisions per day.

Assistant wagon master in a separate army, forty dollars per month
and one ration of provisions per day.

Conductor of wagons, when not of the line of the Army, thirty -five
dollars per month and one ration of provisions per day; when of the
line of the Army, twelve dollars per month in addition to his pay in
the line.

That the foregoing salaries be paid in specie or other money equiva-
lent.

Whereas, in order to prevent the unnecessary consumption of for-
age, it is requisite to determine what officers shall be supplied with

174 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

forage at the public expense and to fix the quantity that shall be fur-
nished to each:

Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and
bat horses by these regulations there be issued to the Commander in
Chief and to the commanding officer of a separate arnry and to those
of their suite as many rations as the service shall require.

To a major-general and family, seven; brigadier-general and family,
six; colonel of infantry or artillery, two; lieutenant-colonel, two;
major, two; chaplain, one; surgeon, one; paymaster, one; adjutant,
one; quartermaster, one; brigade quartermaster, one; captain of engi-
neers, one; Quartermaster-General, as the service may require; deputy
quartermaster with the Arm} T , one; commissary of forage, two; deputy
commissary of forage, one; wagon master and clerks, three; deputy
wagon master, one; deputy wagon master with a separate army, two;
assistant wagon master with a separate army, one; Inspector-General,
agreeable to his rank; subinspector, in addition to what he draws in
the line, one; Adjutant-General and his family, including what he may
draw in the line, seven; deputy adjutant-general for a separate army,
three, including what he may draw in the line; commissary of pris-
oners, two; deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army,
two; deputy serving with the main army, one; judge-advocate, two;
provost-martial, one; commissary -general of purchases, four; commis-
sary-general of issues, two; brigade commissary, one; field commissary
of military stores, two; deputy field commissary of military stores,
one; deputy paymaster, one; auditors for the Army, each one.

That the officers of cavalry be allowed to draw forage or pay for the
same, under the like regulations as other officers, for the following
number of horses, provided they actually keep the same: A colonel,
three; lieutenant-colonel, two; major, two; captain, two; lieutenant,
one; cornet, one; paymaster, quartermaster, and adjutant, exclusive
of allowances as officers in the line, each one; surgeon, one.
* * *

That the Quartermaster-General take such measures for providing
camp equipage and make such regulations for distributing the same as
he shall find necessary and the Commander in Chief or the Board of
War shall approve; and that he also take measures for engaging such
artificers as the service from time to time may require, in addition to
the regimental artificers, and as shall be approved by. the Commander
in Chief; and that he generally make such arrangements as shall be
necessary to manage the business of the Quartermaster's Department,
either with the main army, a separate army, or detachment.

That the Quartermaster-General or deputy with a separate army
shall furnish such horses for special purposes and on particular appli-
cations as he shall think the good of the service may require, and
whenever any doubt arises that the matter be referred to the Com-
mander in Chief or the commanding officer of a separate army for
their instructions.

That no purchases of horses or any other articles with the main army
or in any of the States for the use of the Army in the Quartermaster-
General's Department be made unless by order of the Quartermaster-
General or by a deputy quartermaster with a separate army or garrison.

That the Quartermaster-General make returns to the Commander
in Chief and Board of War, as soon as possible after they are deliv-
ered in to him by the assistant quartermaster-general, of all officers
and other persons employed and stores belonging to the department.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 175

and that a deputy serving with a separate army or with a garrison
make returns quarterly in the months aforementioned, agreeably to
the directions given to a deputy of a State, which the Quartermaster-
General shall include in his general return.

That all officers in the Quartermaster- General's Department, of
whatever denomination, shall take the oaths of allegiance and oath
of office prescribed by Congress before they enter on business.

That, with the returns before directed to be made of the name and
station of each person to be appointed in the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, there be also at the same time certificates returned therewith
of their having respectively taken the oaths and qualifications afore-
mentioned.

That in settling the accounts of officers in the Quartermaster's
Department to be appointed by this act of Congress no pay or allow-
ance whatever be granted to any person employed in that department
whose name and emploj^ment, together with a certificate of his taking
the aforesaid oaths, shall not be duly returned in the manner above
directed.

That the Board of War shall have power to suspend and dismiss all
supernumerary officers that may be employed in the Quartermaster-
General's Department.

Resolved, That Major-General Greene be continued in the office of
Quartermaster-General; that he be, and he is hereby, directed to make
the appointments and arrangements in the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, agreeably to the foregoing resolutions, as soon as possible.

Provided, That nothing contained in the foregoing resolutions shall
be construed to annul the resolution of the 9th day of July, 1779,
authorizing the executive authority of the respective States to correct
abuses in the staff departments, or to vacate any appointment made
or that may be made by Major-General Gates for the southern army,
agreeably to the resolution of the 14th day of June last.

Resolved, That it be, and it is hereby, recommended to the legisla-
tures of the several States in which the Army may serve to make
provision for furnishing the horses of the Army, or detachments
thereof, with a sufficient supply of pasturage, and with such hay or
forage as can be spared from the country in the vicinity of the Army
or detachment thereof, the same to be settled and paid for by the
Quartet nutster-General with the Army or by the deputy in the State.

July 20, 1780.

Resolved^ That Henr} r Hollingsworth, 1 deputy quartermaster-
general, be, and hereby is, suspended, and that some other person be
appointed to transact the business of that department.

July U, 1780.

/,'< solved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed
immediately (<> appoint such suitable person as shall be approved by

'Deputy Quartermaster-Geueral II. Hollingsworth was suspended, one of the

vouchers in his accounts having a forged signature, and August 8 Congress directed
the Board of Treasury to inquire into the matter and report to Congress. On the
report of the hoard, Congress resolved that the Board <>l Treasury refer the case to
the executive of the State of Maryland and, on the report of one of the judges of the
general court of that State, resolved, November 21, 1782, that the complaint be
dismissed.

176 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the supreme executive authority of the State of New Jersey to act as
deputy quartermaster in the said State, agreeably to the late regula-
tion of the Quartermaster's Department, in order that the measures
therein provided for collecting forage and transporting provisions and
other public stores may be taken as soon as possible.

That, until such deputy is so appointed and approved, Moore Fur-
man [deputy quartermaster] be authorized to receive from the State
commissaries such quantity of forage, out of the supplies purchased
for the United States, as may be necessary to enable him to forward
the transportation of public stores; and that Governor Livingston be
requested to give orders to the State commissaries to deliver the same
accordingly, if such order shall be necessary.

July 26,1780.

Congress proceeded to the election of an assistant quartermaster-
general, to reside near Congress, and, the ballots being taken,

Charles Pettit, esq., was elected, having been previously nominated
by Mr. Armstrong.

August 5, 1780.

Resolved, That the absolute refusal of Major-General Greene, at this
important crisis, to act under the new arrangement of the Quarter-
master-General's Department has made it necessary that the office of
Quartermaster-General be immediately filled.

* * *

Resolved, unanimously, That Congress proceed to the election of a
Quartermaster- General .

Congress accordingly proceeded, and, the ballots being taken
Mr. Timothy Pickering was elected.

* * *

Resolved, That Timothy Pickering, esq., having been appointed
Quartermaster-General upon an extraordinary emergency, be con-
tinued as a member of the Board of War, but that the exercise of all
his powers at the said board, and his pay as a member thereof, be sus-
pended during such time as he shall continue Quartermaster-General.

That while ne holds the office of Quartermaster-General he have the
rank of colonel, and the pay and rations of a brigadier-general, over
and above the pay allowed the Quartermaster-General in the late
arrangement of the Quartermaster's Department.

August 15, 1780.

Resolved, That the assistant quartermaster-general be allowed one
or more clerks, as the nature of the service may require and the
Board of War shall approve.

August 19, 1780.

Resolved, That Major-Gen. Greene, late quartermaster-general, be,
and hereby is, directed to furnish Col. Pickering, quartermaster-
general, with returns of all buildings, vessels and craft, horses, wagons,
stores and articles, of what kind soever, in possession or under the

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 177

direction of any officers or persons emplo3'ed under him in his late
department, and which arc occupied on account of or belong- to the
United States; and also with full information in writing of all public
contracts and purchases by them made of which the terms have not
been fully executed, or the services or articles contracted for or pur-
chased have not been completely rendered or delivered;

That in the meantime he direct all officers and others employed
under him, on the demand of any deputy or storekeeper appointed
under the plan for regulating the quartermaster-general's department,
deliver to such deputy or storekeeper, on their producing their
appointments, respectively, and the orders of the quartermaster-
general to receive them, all the articles before enumerated and any
others in their possession or under their direction which are occupied
on account of or belong to the United States, together with the written
evidences of the contracts and purchases aforesaid which yet remain
unexecuted.

August 22, 1780.

Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the
destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public
stores . . . , upon which the existence of the armies of these
United States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made
for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the
Quartermaster-General, . . . ; therefore,

Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted
with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other
property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general
court-martial of having sold without a proper order for that purpose,
embezzled, or wilfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the
provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili-
tary or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of
America, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be
directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree
of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and any person in any
of the said departments intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted
at a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of
the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall suffer
such punishment as the said court shall, in their discretion, direct,
according to the degree of the offense.

August 23, 1780.

Resolved, That no certificates issued in the Quartermaster's . . .
Department after the 15th day of September next afford any claim upon
the United States unless issued under the following regulations:

1st. That they be for services performed or articles purchased within
their respective departments.

2dly. The Quartermaster-General . . . shall themselves sign all
such certificates as are issued in their respective departments.

Sdly. All such certificates shall be given for specie or other current
money equivalent.

4thly. All contracts or purchases made for which certificates shall
be given shall be made for specie value.
S. Doc. 229 12

178 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

5thly. The articles so purchased shall be enumerated in such certifi-
cates, with the rates and prices thereof; and the prices shall be reason-
able when the present circumstances of our affairs are compared with
the cost of articles of like quality or services performed in the year
1775, or when compared with the allowance by Congress to the United
States, as expressed in their resolution of the 25th of February last.

Resolved, That certificates issued under and agreeable to the fore-
going regulations shall bear an interest of six per cent per annum from
the time stipulated for payment until paid.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General . . . be, and hereby
are, strictly enjoined to make monthly returns of their purchases and
proceedings to the Board of War and make monthly returns, to wit, on
the last day of every month to the Board of Treasury of all certificates
so issued as aforesaid.

August 26, 1780.

Resolved, That, all and singular, the creditors of these United States
for supplies furnished the Army or the transportation thereof shall be
entitled to receive the just value of the sums due them respectively in
the bills of credit emitted pursuant to the act of the 18th of March
last, the value of the sums due to be ascertained according to the cur-
rent value of continental bills of credit compared with specie at the
time the money became due at the place where the supplies were fur-
nished; provided the same do not exceed the prices fixed for such sup-
plies by the act of the 25th of February last or a proportionate value
for services done and articles furnished not mentioned in the said act;
but if the nominal sum in continental currency contracted for when
reduced to specie value as aforesaid shall exceed the fixed prices afore-
said, the creditor shall be entitled to receive the amount of the sup-
plies furnished or services done at the said fixed or proportionate
prices in the new bills aforesaid or the nominal sum contracted for in
continental bills of credit, and no more, at his election.

That the accounts being duly examined and adjusted by the rqle
aforesaid by commissioners that may be appointed agreeably to the
resolution of the 12th of June last to settle the accounts of officers of
the staff departments in the several States, or by the officer who made
the contract, or by whom the payment is to be made, the same shall
be paid or a certificate given for the sum justly due, certifying that
the same has been duly examined and adjusted agreeably to the direc-
tions aforesaid, and if paid in the new bills the interest on the said
bills shall be computed to the date of such certificate.

That all debts due to the United States for monies received for their
use or otherwise within any of these States shall be paid according to
the just value of the money when it was received or became due,- to
be ascertained as aforesaid.

August 28, 1780.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be, and hereby is, author-
ized and directed to make sale of all buildings and other property
belonging to the United States under his care which, in his opinion,
are not wanted for public use, and render an account of such sales to
the Board of Treasury, that he may be charged with the money arising
thereon.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 179

N. ptember 1, 1780. Jacob Hiltzheimer was allowed $40 per month from February
16, 1780, for his service in providing for the horses under his care, and Congress
directed that what was then, or might hereafter become, due to Hiltzheimer for keep-
ing the horses be paid to him, and that he apply the same for defraying the expenses
of keeping the said horses. [As the resolution ended by stating "any former resolu-
tion to the contrary notwithstanding," it is assumed that Congress meant to relieve
the commissary -general of forage from supplying him with the necessary forage.]

September 8, 1780.

Resolved, That magazines of . forage for 15,000 men for

6 months be immediately provided and laid up for the Southern Army.
* * *

Resolved, That North Carolina furnish magazines of forage . . .
to the utmost of their ability, to be stored at such convenient places as
to the commanding officer in the Southern Department shall appear
most eligible.

September 25, 1780.

Resolved, . . . The Quartermaster-General shall furnish all
necessary books, paper, etc., for the [inspecting and mustering]
department.

September 30, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General furnish the
Hospital Department, from time to time, as occasion may require, with
such a number of horses and wagons as may be necessary for removing
the sick and wounded and for transporting the hospital stores; but
that no other horses than those belonging to the officers of the depart-
ment, for which forage may be herein allowed, be kept separately and
at the expense of the department.

September 30, 1780. "As the direction of the waggon department is a charge of
great importance (in foreign armies generally intrusted to a field officer of the line),
and as it is thought the service will be benefitted by a similar practice in our Army,
Major Cogswell, of the First Massachusetts Regiment, is appointed waggon master
to the main Army."

"Henry Emanuel Lutterloh, esq., is also appointed commissary of forage."
"The ( ommander in Chief takes this occasion to thank Major-General Greene for
the able and satisfactory manner in which he discharged the duties of the Quarter-
master-General's Department dtmng his continuance in office, and to express his
approbation of his conduct and orders in the absence of the general." {Orders,
Ui rural Headquarters, Orangetoum.)

October 16, 1780.

It appearing that Lieutenant-Colonel Ternant had impressed from
him two good riding horses during the siege of Charleston, by order
of the State of South. Carolina:

Ordered, That the Quartermaster-General furnish Lieutenant-Col-
onel Ternant with two good horses, reporting their value to the Treas-
ury Board, who are hereby directed to make the said State accountable.

October 21, 1780.

Ordered, That John Bradford, continental agent at Boston, deliver
to the Quartermaster-General or his order all the duck in his hands
-unable for tents, the property of the United States, to be made up
into tents for the Army. . . .

180 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

November 10, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General take immediate
measures for removing- all horses, the property of the United States,
which, in the opinion of the Commander in Chief, can be spared from
the Army, into some one or more of the said States where he can pro-
vide the said horses with forage on reasonable terms.

That if it be deemed preferable by the Commander in Chief that a
proportion of the public horses should be disposed of for draft oxen,
to be provided for the ensuing campaign, he be authorized to direct
the Quartermaster-General to effect the same in such manner as may
be most beneficial to the public service.

That the Quartermaster-General immediately apply to the executive
authority of the States nearest the quarters of the main army to fur-
nish such quantities of forage as may be in their power, to enable him
to lay up proper magazines for the use of the Army; and that he also
apply to the more distant States to furnish the intermediate posts with
forage for the purpose of transporting provisions and stores to the
Army, and provide forage for the horses removed from the Army.

December 28, 1780.

Resolved, That Congress approve the appointment made by Major-
General Greene of Lieutenant-Colonel Carrington to be deputy quar-
termaster-general for the Southern Army.

January 9, 1781. "All the tents of the Army are to be delivered to the Quarter-
master-General, who will have them washed, cleaned, and repaired. Such as are
irreparable, or as many of them as will answer the purpose, he is to reserve, to make
cases for the camp kettles, that they may not grease and injure the soldiers' cloaths,
as they will next campaign be obliged to carry their own kettles." {Orders, General
Headquarters [no place given] . )

January 23, 1781.

Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed to
procure a sufficient number of horses to remount such of the cavalry
as are destitute of horses, agreeable to the directions to be given by
the Commander in Chief for the next campaign.

February 20, 1781.

Resolved, . . . That the deputy quartermaster in Pennsylvania
be, and he is hereby, directed to put the wagons belonging to the Penn-
sylvania line in order for service immediately.

* *

Resolved, That 400 wagons be procured and furnished for the South-
ern army.

* * *

Resolved, That the Board of War be, and hereby are, directed to fur-
nish the Southern Army with . . . 860 tents. . . .

April 19, 1781.

Whereas differences have arisen between quartermasters . . .
and persons claiming to be creditors of the United States, for articles
furnished by or taken from them and for services performed by them,
for which no vouchers have been given or for which the voucher may

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 181

be lost, or having vouchers it is doubtful whether the account can be
adjusted in either of the departments of the Quartermaster-General;
. . . to remedy which,

Resolved, That every such claim as aforesaid which shall have been
submitted to the inspection of the continental commissioners for audit-
ing and adjusting accounts, and by them certified, shall, by the quarter-
master ... be allowed and may be paid, or certificates given for
the same, in like manner as is directed in the act of Congress of 26th
August, 1780.

April 21, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized to remove from office or employment, for incapacity, neg-
ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persons, not immedi-
ately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, as are or
may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the
expenditure of the public supplies, stores, and other property; . . .
and such of the said persons as are or may be in his judgment unnec-
essary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office to whom
it may belong to supply the vacancy the respective names of the per-
sons so removed.

That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment, for
similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid,
immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled,
reporting forthwith their names and the reason for suspension:

Provided, That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are
or may be amenable to the law martial, the superintendent be, and he
is hereby, authorized and directed if he shall deem it most expedient
for the public service to put them in arrest hy order in writing and
to apply to the officer whose dut} r it ma}^ be to order a court-martial;
and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest
accordingly.

That in eveiy case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from
the date thereof, unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted
and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the
place when it may be necessary by a temporary appointment, to con-
tiirae until the person suspended be restored or dismissed.

That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with
the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the
Army, or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret
service by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or the
commanding officer of a separate department.

That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con-
gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war.

April 26, 1781.

It*. solved, That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby,
authorized to appoint Colonel Champion, of Newport, a barrack master
t< the French army, and to annex to that office a salary not exceeding
the pay of an assistant deputy quartermaster.

April 27, 1781.

Ordered, That John Bradford, continental ag-nt at Boston, deliver
to the Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the duck in his hands
belonging to the United States, proper lor tents.

182 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

May 28, 1781.

Ordered, That all the duck of whatever description belonging to the
United States, in the hands of the continental agent at Boston, be
delivered to the Quartermaster-General, or his order; that so much
thereof as is suitable may be made up into tents, and the residue,
except so much as is necessary for other uses in the Quartermaster-
General's Department be exchanged for light duck or other materials
tit for tents, and the materials produced by such exchange be imme-
diately made up into tents for the use of the Army.

June 18, 1781.

Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief ana the com-
manding general in a separate department, respectively, be, and hereby
are, authorized to direct what clothing shall, from time to time, be
dealt out to the . . . wagoners, having regard to the nature of
their service and the terms of their contract, and time for which the) 7

are engaged:

* * *

That the Quartermaster-General, and his deputies in the several
States, shall, on the requisitions of the clothier-general, furnish the
means of transportation of all articles of clothing from the places
where imported, received, or purchased to the places of deposit; and
a careful wagon master or conductor, to be appointed by the Quarter-
master-General or some of his deputies, shall proceed with the clothing,
who shall be answerable for all deficiencies on the road, unless they
shall be able to show that the same happened by unavoidable accidents
and not through their misconduct or want of attention.

That in case of injuries or deficiencies happening in the transporta-
tion of clothing the clothier stationed at the magazine or place of deposit
shall represent the matter to the nearest commanding officer of the
troops of the United States, that the wagon master or conductor having
had charge of the clothing so damaged or deficient may be tried by a
court-martial and, if found guilty, compelled to restore the goods lost,
or their value, or make satisfaction for damages accrued through his
negligence or mismanagement, or be punished according to the nature
of the offense by judgment of the court-martial.

* * *

That the Quartermaster-General or his deputy, on the application of
the clothier-general or either of his deputies, furnish wagons for trans-
porting raw or unmanufactured hides to such places as they shall direct.

June 20, 1781.

Resolved, That Charles Pettit, assistant quartermaster-general, be
permitted to resign that office, agreeably to his request.

That the office of assistant quartermaster-general be abolished; and
that the duties of the said office be performed by the Quartermaster-
General and his deputies under his direction.

June 30, 1781. "Major Piatt having resigned the office of Deputy Quartermaster
to the main Army, Lt. Col. Dearborne is appointed in his room." {Orders, General
Headquarters [no place given'] . )

Jul;/ 9, 1781. "Captain Hasfield White, of the Fifth Massachusetts Regiment, is
appointed deputy wagon master. ' ' ( Order*, General Headquarters^ near Dobbs Ferry. )

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 183

My 10, 1781.

Ii' solved. That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall,
from time to time, appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all
necessary supplies for use of the Army or armies of the United
States, . . . and also the transportation thereof.

July H, 1781.

Resolved, That John Storey be entitled to the same pay and rations
for his services from the time of General Greene's resignation as
Quartermaster-General until the 21st of April last which he received
or was entitled to receive when acting immediately under the said
Quartermaster-General.

That the said John Storey immediately repair to camp and there
carefully transact and settle the business belonging to the late
Quartermaster-General's Department until the further order of Con-
gress; and for this service he shall be allowed, from the 21st of April
last, the pay and rations of a captain in the line of the Army.

September 25, 1781. "Capt. -Lieut. Miles is appointed brigade quartermaster to the
artillery in the room of Capt. -Lieut. Howe, deceased." {Orders, General Headquar-
ters, WiU'tainxburgh.)

October 22, 1781.

Resolved, That letters to and from the Quartermaster-General be
carried free of postage.

January 1, 1782. "No officer except such as command corps in this city are in
future to draw wood from the quartermaster, but at the end of every month each
officer shall be paid for the wood he is allowed at the average price paid by the quar-
termaster during that month." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia. )

January 10, 1782.

Resolved, . . . The Inspector-General, or inspector of a sepa-
rate army, shall be authorized to call on the Quartermaster-General,
. . . or their deputies for returns of the articles which have been
issued from and returned to their several departments by each
corps. . . .

March U, 1782.

Rrxolrrd, That so much of the rex )l ut i< m of the 30th of October,
1780, as continues to Major-General Greene the power of which had
been given to Major-General Gates, by a resolution of the 14th of
June, in the same year, of appointing the officers in the Quartermas-
ter-General's Department for the Southern Army, be repealed.

The resolution of the 15th of July, 1780, providing for the appoint-
ment of one deputy quartermaster only for a separate army, and the
southern services requiring an additional one:

Resohed, That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby,
authorized to appoint, out of the line of the Army, an additional
deputy quartermaster for the Southern Army, who shall be subordinate
to and under the command of the other deputy quartermaster for the

184 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

said army, and whose pay shall be the same with that allowed to the
deputy quartermaster by the aforesaid resolutions of the 15th of July,
1780.

Resolved, That the principal deputy quartermaster to the Southern
Army be allowed, during actual service, 75 dollars per month and four
rations per day, in addition to his pay and subsistence as an officer in
the line, until the further order of Congress.

Resolved, That the officer who has conducted the quartermaster-
general's department in the Southern Army since Gen. Greene has had
the command thereof be allowed for his past services the same emolu-
ments with those granted to the principal deputy quartermaster in the
preceding resolution.

* * *

And whereas the business of the Quartermaster-General being con-
siderably lessened by the present mode of supplying the Army in gen-
eral by contract, and it being at all times proper to establish the pay
and emoluments of officers, as near as possible, proportioned to their
ranks and services:

Resolved, That for the above reasons the pay and allowance of the
Quartermaster-General be reduced from 3,492 dollars per annum, and
rations and all other allowances, estimated at 1,904 dollars per annum,
to the same pay and allowance in future of a major-general.

March 26, 1782.

Resolved, That the quartermaster with the Southern Army be, and
he is hereby, empowered to raise, on the best terms possible, a corps
of pioneers, consisting of 30 privates, under such officers now in pub-
lic pay as he may think proper to appoint, to be governed by the
Articles of War, and to continue on the establishment one year, unless
the service will admit of their being sooner discharged.

March 27, 1782.

Ordered, That the Secretary at War make returns to Congress of
the officers employed in the Quartermaster's Department.

April 10, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the Secretary at War direct the building
and management of . . . magazines, barracks, and other public
buildings, the necessity of which he is, from time to time, to report,
and the same is to be approved of by Congress.

That the Secretary at War be empowered ... to provide
guards for the safe conveyance of money and any articles necessary
for the use of the Army whenever it shall appear to him to be necessary.

April 22, 1782.

Resol/ved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves
of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow-
ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled
to from the Quartermaster's Department . . . be, and they are
hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 185

officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations . . .
affixed to their several ranks, viz:

Quartermaster-General, 4 rations per day, 251 dollars per month.

Deputy quartermaster with the Southern Arnry, 2 rations per day,
12f # dollars per month.

Commissary of forage, 1 rations per day, 11 dollars per month.

Subaltern, 1 ration per day, 3^f dollars per month.

April 83, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the supernumeraiy junior lieutenants,
beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced;
. . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the
staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective
departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respec-
tive ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence
belonging to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respective
services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . .

May 7, 1782.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is,
authorized to appoint an inspector for the Main and Southern Army,
to take care that the contracts for supplying rations be duly executed
by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are
hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of
public propert} T in the several departments of the Army, and report
any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public
property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the
party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges
exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither
the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their property, be liable
to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the
Commander in Chief, or commander of the army to which the inspect-
ors respectively shall be appointed, any resolution or act of Congress
heretofore made notwithstanding.

That the pay to each inspector be 166$ dollars per month in full of
all allowances.

That each inspector, when appointed, shall take an oath for the faith-
ful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspector of
the contracts of the Army.

Jwne 21, 1782.

Resolved, That the Secretary of War institute an immediate enquiry
into the reasons which have delayed the arrival of . . . necessa-
ries which have already been provided and sent on to the Southern
Army; and that ho take every step in his power to discover the causes
of delay, embezzlement, and other circumstances which have so fre-
quently arrested the supplies for the Southern A rin y, and report thereon
to Congress.

Ordered, That the superintendent of finance report to Congress the
causes which have prevented the Southern Army being supplied by
contract.

186 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August 30, 1782. "The Quartermaster-General will furnish the commanding offi-
cers of brigades with the signal flags, which are to be carefully preserved by the
brigade quartermasters. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

September 1, 1782. "The general is desirous the troops should make themselves as
comfortable as possible while in the field. The encampment itself is very pleasant
and healthy. Straw will be issued at the rate of two bundles per tent; of this, with
the flags and leaves which may be procured, convenient mats or bedding may be
formed. Shades or bowers should also be erected in front of the tents, in the con-
struction of which regularity will be extremely pleasing to the eye." (Orders, Gen-
eral Headquaretrs, Verplanks Point. )

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, That the establishment of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment by the resolutions of Congress of the 15th of July, 1780, be,
from and after the first day of January next, repealed and the fol-
lowing regulations then adopted in its stead:

Resolved, That there be one Quartermaster-General, the present
Quartermaster-General to be continued in office, and hereafter, as
vacancies arise, to be appointed by Congress.

That the Quartermaster-General, with the approbation of the Com-
mander in Chief, appoint the following officers for the armies of the
United States, viz:

For the main army: One deputy quartermaster, one wagon master,
one commissary of forage, one director and one subdirector of a com-
pany of artificers.

For the Southern Army: One deputy quartermaster, one deputy
commissary of forage, one deputy wagon master one director, and one
subdirector of a company of artificers, and as many assistants as the
service may require in the Main and Southern Army, to perform the
duties of quartermasters of brigades, storekeepers, clerks, and such
other duties in the Quartermaster's Department as the service may
require, and also as many wagon conductors.

That the pay per month of the officers in the Quartermaster-General's
Department, including their pay in the line of the Army, shall be as
follows:

Quartermaster-General, 166f# dollars; deputy quartermaster with
the Southern Army, 125 dollars; deputy quartermaster with the main
army, 75 dollars; wagon master, 60 dollars; commissary of forage for
the main army, 60 dollars; commissary of forage for the Southern
Army, sixty dollars; deputy wagon master for the Southern Army, 50
dollars; assistants in the Quartermaster's Department, each 30 dollars;
wagon conductors, each 20 dollars; directors of artificers, each 40 dol-
lars, subdirectors of ditto, each 26f # dollars.

That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the
different ranks of officers, unless otherwise directed in special cases
by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the Southern
Army :

The Commander in Chief and commanding officer of the Southern
Army, for their own accommodation and for their families, as many
baggage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary.

Major-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon and one
two-horse wagon.

Brigadier-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon.

Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major, one covered four-horse
wagon.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 187

Captains and subalterns of a regiment, for their baggage, one cov-
ered four-horse wagon.

Surgeon, paymaster, adjutant, and quartermaster, regimental staff,
one covered four-horse wagon.

Brigade quartermaster, one bathorse.

For the tents of a regiment, for every 75 men, but this to be varied
according to the weight of the tents and the state of the roads, one
open four-horse wagon.

Quartermaster-General, for his baggage, according to his rank, for
his books, papers, &c, as many as he shall find necessary.

Deputy quartermaster with the main army or with a separate army,
for his baggage and for his books, papers, &c. , one covered four-horse
wagon.

Commissary of forage with the main army, his clerks and assistants,
one covered four-horse wagon.

Deputy commissary of forage with a separate army, one two-horse
wagon.

Wagon master and clerks, one covered four-horse wagon.

Deputy wagon master with the Southern Army, his clerk and assist-
ants, one two-horse wagon or two bathorses.

Inspector-General, for his baggage, according to his rank; and for
his papers, as the Commander in Chief may direct.

Inspectors, one two-horse wagon.

Adjutant-General, two covered four-horse wagons; for the baggage
of his assistant, clerks, and official papers, one two-horse wagon.

Judge- Advocate, one two-horse wagon.

Deputy judge-advocate for the Southern Army, one two-horse wagon.

Commissary of prisoners, one two-horse wagon.

Deputy commissary of prisoners, Southern Army, one two-horse
wagon.

Provost-marshal, with prisoners and guards, one open four-horse
wagon.

Field commissary of military stores and his deputy with the main
and Southern Army, each, one bathorse.

Deputy paymaster with the main and Southern Army, each, one
two-horse wagon.

Field postmaster, one bathorse.

Provided, that if the number of wagons stated above should prove
insufficient, the Quartermaster-General may occasionally furnish such
additional carriages as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer
of a separate army or the Secretary at War may direct.

That a ration of forage per day shall consist of 14 pounds of hay
and 10 quarts of oats for each horse.

That there be issued to the Commander in Chief, and to the com-
manding officer of a separate army, and to those of their suite, as
many rations as the service may require.

That there be allowed for saddle horses:

Rations.

To a major-general and family 7

Brigadier-general and family 5

Colonel of infantry or artillery '2

Lieutenant-colonel - 2

Major '. 2

Chaplain 1

Surgeon 1

Adjutant 1

188 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GEHERAL STAFF OF tJ. S. ARMY.

Rations.

Quartermaster 1

Brigade quartermaster 1

Quartermaster-General, as the service may require.

Deputy quartermaster with the army 2

Captain of engineers 1

Commissary of forage 2

Deputy with Southern Army 2

Wagon master and clerks 3

Deputy wagon master, separate army 2

Inspector-general, agreeable to his rank.

Inspector, in addition to what he draws in the line 1

Adjutant-General 4

Deputy with a separate army 3

Each assistant 2

Commissary of prisoners 2

Deputy with a separate army 2

Judge-advocate 2

Deputy with a separate army 2

Provost-marshal 1

Field commissary of military stores 2

Deputy with a separate army 2

Deputy paymaster 1

Officers of cavalry to be allowed to draw forage for the following number of
horses, provided they actually keep the same:

Colonel 3

Lieutenant-colonel 2

Major 2

Captain 2

Lieutenant 1

Cornet 1

Paymaster "|

Quartermaster . . > Exclusive of allowance as officers in the line, each 1

Adjutant j

Surgeon 1

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General, with the approbation of
the Secretary at War, shall appoint so many assistants to reside in the
several States as the public service may require.

That all officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department, of
whatever denomination, shall take the oaths of allegiance and the oath
of office prescribed by Congress before they enter on business.

That the Quartermaster-General make a return of the names and
station of each person to be appointed in his department.

That in settling the accounts of officers in the said department, no
pay or allowance whatever be granted to any person employed therein
whose name and employment, together with a certificate of his having
taken the aforesaid oaths, shall not have been returned within two
months after his acceptance of such office.

October W, 1782.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be allowed 15 rations
per day;

That the deputy quartermaster with the Southern Army be allowed
12 rations per day;

That all assistants in the Quartermaster's Department be allowed,
each of them, two rations per day.

That the wagon master, commissary of forage for the Main Army, and
commissary of forage for the Southern Army be each allowed five
rations per day;

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 189

That the deputy wagon master with the Southern Army be allowed
four rations per day;

That the wagon conductors' be each of them allowed a ration and a
half per day;

That the directors of the artificers be allowed, each of them, three
rations per day, and the subdirectors, each of them, two rations per
day:

And that the foregoing rations shall be inclusive of what the several
officers aforesaid may be entitled to draw in the line of the Army.

Novembers, 1782. "The quartermaster having represented his inability to procure
forage during the winter for the whole number of horses allowed to the general and
other officers of the line and staff who remain with the troops in the New Windsor
cantonments, has proposed to supply in the following proportion, which has been
approved by the Commander in Chief:

To a major-general, rations for 3 horses

* * *

Briga< Her and adjutant general 3 "

Brigadier-general 2 "

* * *

Inspector of the Northern Army, f As they will have to visit and mus- ) 2 "

Assistant inspector \ ter detachments. j 2 "

Captain of engineers 1 "

Brigade major 1 "

Brigade quartermaster 1 "

* * *

Assistants of adjutant-general, each 1 "

< let igrapher and assistants, together 1

Judge-advocate 1 '

Director of hospitals . 2 "

Each hospital physician 1 "

Apothecary ] "

Purveyor or steward 1 "

* * *

Commissary of prisoners (his business often requiring his absence) 2 "

Quartermaster-General 2 "

Each of his assistants 1 "

Commissary of forage 2 ' '

Each of his assistants (who are employed riding in the country) 1 "

Wagonmaster-general 2 "

Each of his assistants employed on duty of riding 1 "

It will be optional to those who are entitled to keep a greater number of horses than
are allowed in the foregoing to deliver up the surplus to the Quartermaster-General,
who will send them to some distance from camp and keep them at public expense,
or they may keep them at their own charge and he will pay them the amount of the
rations which such horses would have drawn had they remained with the Army."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

November 12, 1782.

Resolved, That the geographer to the main army, and the geographer
to the Southern department be each of them allowed . . . forage
for two saddle horses, one two-horse covered wagon, . . .

That the assistant geographers ... be allowed forage for one
saddle horse.

December 21>, 1782.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster- General furnish all extraordinary

expresses when the service require them, any ordinance or resolution
of Congress to the contrary notwithstanding.

190 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

February 11, 1783. The Quartermaster-General agrees to give six pence, or half
a ration, per cord for the wood cut for the use of the hospitals, of which the parties
employed for that purpose may avail themselves. {Orders, General Headquarters,
Newburgh. )

April 17, 1783.

Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of all the
dragoon horses belonging to the United States, and of all such articles
in the several military departments as may not be necessary for the use
of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of maga-
zines on a peace establishment.

January W, 1784.

Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of Quarter-
master-General . . . be, and they are hereby, ordered to tran -
mit as soon as may be to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, an
exact return of all the stores in their respective departments, specify-
ing the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose
care, and in what manner secured.

February 28, 1785.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General ... be required
without delay to forward to the Board of Treasury or to the Comp-
troller a list of their respective deputies who have been duly author-
ized to issue certificates.

July m, 1785.

Resolved, That the department of Quartermaster-General be con-
sidered as ceasing on the day of passing this resolution, and that the
Secretary at War and all others concerned govern themselves accord-
ingly.

October 2, 1788.

The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton,
Mr. Gilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into
the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report and to
present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various
branches of the Department of War:

7TH. OF THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

The Quartermaster's Department on the frontiers is arranged on
principles highly economical and beneficial to the public.

Instead of an officer at the head of this department, with his train
of attendants, all supplies are furnished by the contractors of provi-
sion, who have also, from time to time, contracted with the Secretary
at War to furnish all necessary articles on the frontiers which shall be
required for the troops, on the following principles:

1st. No articles to be furnished but by an order in writing from the
commanding officer of the troops or the commanding officer of a sepa-
rate post, who shall be responsible to the Secretary at War that only
such articles shall be ordered as the situation of the troops render
indispensably necessary.

the quarterm aster's department. 191

2d. That for all articles so furnished the original bills of parcels
shall be produced b} T the contractor, which shall oe verified upon oath
if required.

3d. That no charge shall be allowed the contractors which shall be
deficient in the vouchers, the nature of which are precisely carried
out.

4th. That for all supplies, advances, and services rendered in this
line the contractor shall have an allowance made of 5 per cent on the
settlement of their account, every six months, at the Treasury.

All necessary articles which are furnished within the State for the
troops are purchased by the Secretary at War without any commission
or charge thereon to the public.

This arrangement existed previous^ to the resolve of Congress for
abolishing the Quartermaster-General's Department, July 25, 1785.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1791 (1 Stats., 222).

AN ACT for raising and adding another regiment to the military establishment of

the United States, and for making further provision for the protection of the

frontiers.

* * *

Sec. 5. That in case the President of the United States should
deem the employment of a . . . quartermaster ... essen-
tial to the public interest, that he be, and ho hereby is, empowered, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same
accordingly. . . .

Sec. 6. That in case a . . . quartermaster . . . should be
appointed, their pay and allowances shall be, respectively, as herein
mentioned;

. . . That the quartermaster shall be entitled to the same pay,
rations, and forage as the lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regi-
ment. . . .

Act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stats., 2U).

AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision for the frontiers of the

United States.

* *

Si< . 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers, . . .
on the military establishment of the United States, . . . shall be
in future as follows, free of all deductions, to wit: General stall:
. . . quartermaster, one hundred dollars, . . . deputy quar-
termaster, fifty dollars. . . .

* * *

Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279).

AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments.

* * *

Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army
with . . . supplies in the Quartermaster's Department . . .
be made by or under the direction of the Treasury Department.

* * *

192 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

February 23, 1795 (1-419). This act established in the Treasury Department the
office of purveyor of public supplies. His duties were to conduct the procuring and
providing of all arms, military stores, provisions, clothing, etc. His compensation
was fixed at $2,000 per annum, and letters to and from him were to be conveyed free
of postage. The office was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812.

Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stats., 430).

AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United
States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the monthly pay of the officers ... on the mili-
tary establishment of the United States, be as follows, to wit: General
staff, . . . a Quartermaster-General, one hundred dollars; . . .
deputy quartermaster, fifty dollars. . . .

Sec. 11. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provisions, to wit: . . . Quartermaster-General . . . six
rations; ... a deputy quartermaster, two rations ... or
money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers, at the con-
tract price, at the posts, respectively, where the rations shall become
due.

Sec. 12. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever
forage shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the
following enumerated sums, per month, instead thereof, to wit: . . .
Quartermaster-General . . . twelve dollars; . . . deputy
quartermaster . . . six dollars. . . .

Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., 4S3). .

AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Quartermaster-General . . .

* * *

Sec. 12. That the monthly pay of the officers ... of the mili-
tary establishment be as follows: . . . quartermaster .
generals ... in addition to their pay in the line, twenty -five dol-
lars. . . .

Sec. 13. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provisions: ... a quartermaster . . . generals each six
rations ... or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said
officers, at the posts, respectively, where the rations snail become due;
and if, at such posts, supplies are not furnished by contract, then such
allowance shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former con-
tracts and the position of the place in question.

Sec. 14. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever for-
age shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the
following enumerated sums per month, instead thereof, to wit: . . .
quartermaster . . . generals, each, "twelve dollars. . . .

Sec. 23. That the general staff, as authorized by this act, shall con-
tinue in service until the 4th day of next March and no longer.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 193

Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507).

A X ACT to amend and repeal, in part, the act entitled ' 'An act to ascertain and
fix the military establishment of the United States."

* * *

Sec. 3. That there shall be one Quartermaster-General
who shall receive the same pay and emoluments, respectively, which
those officers have heretofore been allowed by law.

* * *

Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558).

A X ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army.

* * *

Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge the employment of a
Quartermaster-General . . . essential to the public interest, he is
hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
to appoint the same accordingly, who shall be entitled to the rank,
pay, and emoluments which follow, viz: Quartermaster-General, the
rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel: . . . Provided,
That in case the President shall judge it expedient to appoint a . . .
Quartermaster-General, ... in the recess of the Senate, he is
hereby authorized to make any or all of said appointments, and grant
commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the next session
of the Senate thereafter.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the . . . Quartermaster-General . . . who
may be appointed by virtue of this act shall, respectively, continue in
commission during such term only as the President shall judge requisite
for the public service. . . .

Act ofJidy 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 610).

A S ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of
the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the military . . . service of the United States shall bo made by
or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War
. .** . and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore-
said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the
proper Department for which such supplies or services are required,
subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of
the Treasury in manner before prescribed.

Sec. 4. Tnat it shall be the duty of the purve} r or of public supplies
to execute all such orders as he may from time to time receive from
the Secretary of War, . . . relative to the procuring and provid-
ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts

S. Doc. 229 13

194 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

relative thereto to the accountants of the proper Departments, which
accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers
of the Treasury as aforesaid.

Sec. 5. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of
May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, intituled "An act
making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the
act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety -five, intituled "An act to establish the office of
purve} 7 or of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the
provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed.

Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act or of any
law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to
be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts,
shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of
the United States within ninety days after their dates, respectively.

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749).

AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.

Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment, to
serve as an . . . assistant to the Quartermaster-General, by what-
soever name, . . . the place of such officer in his regiment shall
be supplied by promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be
requisite; but the officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station
in his regiment and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as
if he had not been detached.

Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed ... as the quarter-
master of a division who, when appointed, shall be of a rank higher
than that of captain, or as the quartermaster of a brigade who, when
appointed, shall be of a rank higher than that of first lieutenant . . .

* * *

Sec. 10. That there shall be a Quartermaster-General of the Army
of the United States, who shall be entitled to the rank, pay, emolu-
ments, and privileges of a major-general.

* * *

Sec. 12. That to any army of the United States, other than that in
which the Quartermaster-General shall serve, there shall be a deputy
quartermaster-general, who shall be a field officer, and who, in addi-
tion to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to fifty dollars per month,
which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and travelling
expenses; but the provisions of this act are not to affect the present
Quartermaster-General of the Army of the United States, who, incase
a Quartermaster-General shall be appointed by virtue of this act, is to
act as deputy quartermaster-general, and shall hereafter have the rank
of lieutenant-colonel; and that to every division of an army there shall
be a division quartermaster, who, in addition to his other emoluments,
shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, which shall be in full
compensation for his extra services and travelling expenses; and that
to every brigade there shall be a brigade quartermasteiywho, in addi-
tion to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to twenty-four dollars
per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 195

and travelling expenses; each of which officers shall be chosen by the
Quartermaster-General from among the regimental officers.

* * *

Sbo. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause
to be provided in each and every year all . . . camp utensils and
equipage . . . necessary for the troops and armies of the United
States for the succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases
and enter or cause to be entered into all necessary contracts or obliga-
tions for effecting the same.

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).

A X ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

. 3. That there shall be . . . three military agents, and such
number of assistant military agents as the President of the United
States shall deem expedient, not exceeding one to each military post,
which assistants shall be taken from the line; . . .

Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows,
to wit: ... to each assistant militarj^ agent eight dollars, in
addition to his pay in the line, except the assistant military agents at
Pittsburg and Niagara, who shall receive sixteen dollars each, in addi-
tion to their pay in the line; . . .

Act of April 12, 1808 (2 Stats., 481.)

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force.

* * *

m .< I. 3. That when, in the opinion of the President of the United
States, a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall
be raised, there may be appointed . . . two brigade quartermas-
. . .

Si ' 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . authorized
bj t bis Act shall be, viz: . . . each brigade quartermaster . .
twenty dollars . . . per month in addition to their pay in the
line; and to each six dollars per month for forage, when not fur-
nished. . . .

* * *

8ec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue
of this act shall be a citizen of the United States or some one of the
Territories thereof.

Act of March 28, 1812 (2 Stats., 696).

AN ACT to estahlish a Quartermaster' 8 Department, and for other purposes.

That there be, and hereby is, established a Quartermaster's Depart-
ment for the Army >t' the United States, to consist of a Quartermaster
General, four deputy quartermasters, and as many assistant deputy

196 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

quartermasters as, in the opinion of the President of the United States,
the public service may require; the Quartermaster-General and deputy
quartermasters to be appointed by the President, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, and the assistant deputy quarter-
masters by the President alone. And he hereby is authorized, more-
over, to appoint such additional number of deputy quartermasters not
exceeding four, to be taken from the line or not, at his discretion, as
in his judgment the public service may require.

Sec. 2. That the Quartermaster-General shall be entitled to the
rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general (under the act of
the twelfth of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight), with forage
for two additional horses; the deputy quartermasters, when not taken
from the line, shall be entitled to receive sixty dollars per month, five
rations per day, and forage for two horses, but if taken from the line,
then such additional pay and emoluments as shall be equal to the fore-
going provision; the assistant deputy quartermasters, when not taken
from the line, shall be entitled to and receive forty dollars per month,
three rations per da}', and forage for one horse, but if taken from the
line, then such additional pay and emoluments as shall be equal to the
foregoing provision.

Sec. 3. That, in addition to their duties in the field, it shall be
the duty of the Quartermaster-General, his deputies, and assistant depu-
ties, when thereto directed by the Secretary of War, to purchase mili-
tary stores, camp equipage, and other articles requisite for the troops,
and generally to procure and provide means of transport for the
Army, its stores, artillery, and camp equipage; that the Quartermaster-
General shall account, as often as may be required, and at least once
in three months, with the Department of War, in such manner as shall
be prescribed, for all property which may pass through his hands or
the hands of the subordinate officers in his department, or that may be
in his or their care or possession, and for all moneys which he or they
may expend in discharging their respective duties; that he shall be
responsible for the regularity and correctness of all returns in his
department, and that he, his deputies, and assistant deputies, before
they enter on the execution of their respective offices, shall severally
take an oath faithfully to perform the duties thereof.
* * *

Sec. 5. That ... it shall be the duty of the deputy commis-
saries, when directed thereto, ... in cases of necessity, by the
. . . Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermasters, to pur-
chase all such of the aforesaid articles as may be requisite for the mili-
tary service of the United States.

Sec. 6. That neither . . . the Quartermaster-General . . .
shall, directly or indirectly, be concerned or interested in carrying on
the business of trade or commerce, or be owner, in whole or in part,
of any sea vessel; nor shall (either of them) purchase, by himself or
another in trust for him, public lands or any other public property,
or be concerned in the purchase or disposal of any public securities of
any State or of the United States, or take or apply to his own use
any emolument or gain for negotiating or transacting any business in
the said department, other than what shall be allowed by law; and if
. . . the said Quartermaster-General . . . shall offend against
any of the prohibitions of this act, the parties so offending shall, upon
conviction, forfeit to the United States the penalty of three thousand
dollars and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding five years.

The quartermaster's department. . 197

and shall be removed from office and be forever thereafter incapable
of holding any office under the United States.

* * *-

Sec. 10. That all letters and packets to and from the Quartermaster-
General . . . shall be free from postage.

* * *

Sec. 12. That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint
a principal wagon master and as many wagon masters as he may judge
necessary for the service of the Army, not exceeding one to each bri-
gade, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the Quartermaster-
General or any of his deputies, to provide and conduct the wagons and
other means of transport necessary and proper for the military service
of the United States.

Sec. 13. That no wagon master shall, directly or indirectly, be con-
cerned or interested in any wagon or means of transport employed in
the service of the United States, nor in the purchase or sale of any
horses, harness, wagons, or other means of transport procured for or
belonging to the United States, except as agent for the United States.

Sec. 14. That the principal wagon master shall be entitled to receive
forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for one
horse; and each wagon master shall be entitled to receive thirty dol-
lars per month, two rations per day, and forage for one horse.

Sec. 15. That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint
one principal forage master and as many assistant forage masters as the
nature of the service may require, not exceeding one to each brigade,
whose duty shall be, under the direction of the Quartermaster-General
or any of his deputies, to provide and deliver out forage necessary and
proper for the military service of the United States; nor shall any for-
age master be directly or indirectly concerned in the purchase or sale
of any article of forage procured for or belonging to the United States,
except as an agent for tne United States.

Sic. 16. That the principal forage master shall be entitled to and
receive forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for
two horses; and that the other forage masters shall be entitled to and
receive thirty dollars per month, two rations per day, and forage for
one horse.

* * *

Sec. 18. That this act shall go into operation on the first day of
April next; and that so much of the act fixing the military peace estab-
lishment of the United States as respects the appointment of military
agents and assistant military agents be, and the same is hereby,
repealed from and after that day; imt all those agents shall continue
to perform their respective duties in the meantime and until the
deputy and assistant deputy quartermasters shall be appointed and
ready to enter on the execution of their respective offices; to whom
the said military agents and assistant military agents shall then deliver
all the public stores and property in their possession.

Sic. 19. That all persons attached to the public service by virtue of
this a<t shall be subject to military law.

Sic. 20. That the President may and hereby is authorized, in the
recess of the Senate, to appoint the Quartermaster-General, deputy
quartermasters ... or any of them, which appointments shall
he submitted to the Senate at their next session for their advice and
consent.

198 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of April 23, 1812 (2 Stats., 710).
AN ACT for the organization of a corps of artificers.

That there shall be attached to the Quartermaster-General's Depart-
ment, and subject to the orders of the officers thereof, a corps of
artificers, to consist of one superintendent, to be appointed by the
President of the United States, four assistants, two master masons, two
master carpenters, two master blacksmiths, two master boat builders,
two master armorers, two master saddle and harness makers, twenty
house carpenters, five ship carpenters, twenty blacksmiths, sixteen
boat builders, sixteen armorers, twelve saddle and harness makers,
and twenty-four laborers, to be selected from the privates of the Army
when authorized thereto by the commanding general, or engaged from
among the citizens by the superintendent.

Sec. 2. That the pay of the superintendent of artificers shall be
forty-five dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for one
horse; that the pay of the four assistants be each thirty dollars per
month and two rations per day; that the pay of the twelve master
workmen be each thirty dollars per month and one ration and one-half
of a ration per day; that the pay of the other workmen be each sixteen
dollars per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per day.

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the superintendent of artificers
to render a correct report, once each month, of the corps to the Quar-
termaster-General, and on oath to make out the pay roll thereof,
which pay roll shall be examined by the Quartermaster-General, or in
his absence by one of the deputy quartermasters, and by him be coun-
tersigned; and faithfully and without delay to execute all such orders
as he may receive from the Secretary of W ar, any officer of the Quar-
termaster's Department, or from the officer commanding in the field
or garrison to which his corps, or any part thereof, may be attached.

Sec. 4. That this corps shall be engaged for and during the term of
three years, unless sooner discharged by the President of the United
States.

Act of May 22, 1812 (2 Stats., 71$).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, and for other purposes."

That neither . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . nor
any or either of their deputies or assistant deputies shall be concerned,
directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale, for commercial pur-
poses, of any article intended for, making a part of, appertaining to
their . . . departments, except for and on account of the United
States; nor shall they . . . take or apply to his or their own use
any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business in
their respective departments other than what is or may be allowed by
law.

Sec. 2. That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby,
empowered to appoint one principal barrack master, and as many
deputy barrack masters as may from time to time be necessary, not
exceeding one to each separate barrack or cantonment, which said
principal barrack master shall be entitled to receive the same pay,
rations, and emoluments as the principal forage master, and each of

THE QUARTEKM ASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 199

his deputies the same pay, rations, and emoluments as is by law allowed
to a deputy forage master.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the Quartermaster-General, the deputy quartermaster,
and the assistant deputy quartermasters shall, before they or either of
them enter upon the duties of their appointment, respectively enter
into bond, with sufficient security, to be approved of by the Secretary
at War, conditioned for the faithful expenditure of all public moneys,
and accounting for all public property which may come into their
hands respectively; and the Quartermaster-General shall not be liable
for any money or property that may come into the hands of the subor-
dinate officers of his department.

Sec. 5. That the sixth section of the act hereby amended be, and
the same is hereby, repealed.

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 782).

AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States.

That . . . to a brigade quartermaster . . . there shall be
allowed forage for one horse only, or, in lieu thereof, ten dollars per
month; . . .

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784).

AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in
which the . . . Quartermaster-General of the Army shall serve,
it shall be lawful for the President to appoint one . . . deputy
quartermaster-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line of
the Army, and who shall each, in addition to his pay and other emol-
uments, be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in full
< ompensation for his extra services. And that there shall be, to each
of tne foregoing deputies, such number of assistant deputies (not
exceeding three to each department) as the public service may require,
who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall each
be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and
other emoluments, which shall be in full compensation for his extra
services: A/ul provided also, That the President of the United States
be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named
in the act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Sen-
ate at their next meeting for their advice and consent.

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 816).

AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States,
ami for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same.

* * *

Sec. 2. [The superintendent-general of military supplies shall] pre-
scribe tin- forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and
supplies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered

200 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

by the several officers in the Quartermaster-General's

Department, . . .

Sec. 3. That . . . the several officers in the Quartermaster-
General's Department, . . . who shall have received or may be
entrusted with any stores or supplies of any description whatever for
the use of the Army of the United States and of the volunteers or
militia in their service shall render quarterly accounts of the disposi-
tion and state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent
aforesaid, and shall also make such other returns respecting the same,
and at such other times, as the Secretary for the War Department may
prescribe: Provided, however, That the accounts and returns thus ren-
dered shall relate to the articles of supply only which may have been
received and disposed of, or as may remain on hand, and shall not
embrace the specie accounts for monies disbursed by such officers
. . . ; which specie accounts shall be rendered as heretofore to the
accountants for the War Department.

Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in
advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to
the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis-
bursements, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly summary
statements thereof to the Secretary for the said Department as he may
prescribe. . . .

Sec. 5. That the Secretary for the War Department shall be, and
he is hereby, authorized and directed to define and prescribe the spe-
cies as well as the amount of supplies to be respectively purchased
bjr the . . . Quartermaster-General's departments and the respec-
tive duties and powers of the said departments respecting such pur-
chases; . . .

* * *

Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
empowered as he may deem it expedient ... to authorize any
officer or officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department to sup-
ply and issue as aforesaid the whole or any part of the subsistence of
the Army in all cases where, either from the want of contractors or
from any deficiency on their part or from any contingency, such
measure may be proper and necessary in order to insure the subsist-
ence of the Army or of any part thereof; . . .

Act of March 3, 1813 * (2 Stats., 819).
AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United

That the . . . Quartermaster-General's departments shall con-
sist of the following officers; that is to say, . . . eight quarter-
masters-general, eight deputy quartermasters-general, and thirty -two
assistant deputy quartermasters-general.

Sec. 2. That . . . the Quartermaster-General attached to the

1 The superintendent-general of military supplies authorized to be appointed under
this act was not a staff officer, but a civilian with a salary of $3,000 per annum. His
duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every
description purchased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe
forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 201

principal Army shall, as heretofore, have the brevet rank and the pay
and emoluments of a brigadier-general.

Sue. 3. That all the other . . . quartermasters-general shall
have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a colonel of
infantry; . . . deputy quartermasters-general . . . shall
have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cav-
alry; and the . . . assistant deputy quartermasters-general shall
have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a captain of
infantry.

Sec. 4. . . . The . . . Quartermasters-General, deputy
quartermasters-general, . . . and assistant quartermasters-general,
may be taken from the line or not as the President may deem expe-
dient. . . .

* * *

Sec. 8. That the forage, wagon, and barrack masters shall be
appointed as heretofore; but each quartermaster-general attached to
a separate army, command, or district shall be authorized, with the
approbation and under the direction of the Secretary of the War
Department, to appoint as many such officers, and to employ as many
artificers, mechanics, and laborers as the public service may require.

Sec. i>. That the assistant deputy quartermasters-general may be
appointed, and officers taken from the line and transferred to the staff
may be thus transferred by the President of the United States alone.
But all other new appointments authorized by this act shall be made
by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of
the Senate: Provided, That during the recess of the Senate such
appointments may be made by the President alone, in which case the
same shall be laid before the Senate at their next session for their
advice and consent.

Sec. 1<). That every act, and any part of any act of Congress now
in force within the purview and meaning of this act, be, and the same
are hereby, repealed.

Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . quarter-
masters-general, . . . which relate to their official duties, shall be
free from postage.

Act of March 30, 18U (3 Stats., 113).

AN ACT for the better organising, paying, and supplying the Army of the United

States.

* * *

Sbc. 20. That in no case shall the district . . . quartermasters
of any grade be taken from the line of the Army.

Act of December 15, 18U (3 Stats., 151).

AN ACT ilircctiiiL' the ntaff officers of the Army to comply with the requisitions of
naval and marine officers in certain cases.

That it shall be the duty of the several officers of the staff of the
Armv of the United States to provide [on the requisition of the com-
manding naval or marine officers when acting or proceeding to act on

202 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

shore in cooperation with land troops] . . . the necessary trans-
portation, as well for the men as for their baggage, provisions, and
cannon : .

Sec. 2. That the respective quartermasters of the Army shall, upon
the requisition of the commanding naval officer of any such detach-
ment of seamen or marines, furnish the said officer and his necessary
aids with horses, accoutrements, and forage during the time they may
be employed in cooperating with the land troops as aforesaid.

Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., 224).

AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . four brigade quartermasters
. . . The . . . brigade quartermasters shall be taken from
the subalterns of the line.

May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged
proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff which is specifically made
by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained under the special authority
given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge without material
injury to the service; and that the following shall be the

GENERAL STAFF.

One Quartermaster-General and two deputy quartermasters-general to be provision-
ally retained.

Four brigade quartermasters.

* * *
{General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.)

Act of April U, 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army

of the United States.

That in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish-
ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight
hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff,
be, and the same are hereby, so far established, that the general staff
shall, in future, consist of . . . one Quartermaster-General with
one deputy quartermaster-general to a division; and an assistant of
each to every brigade, which shall .supersede the brigade quartermas-
ters . . . now existing . . .

* * *

Sec. 6. That all officers of the . . . quartermaster's depart-
ment, shall, previous to their entering on the duties of their respective
offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, fully to
account for all moneys and public property which they may receive,
in such sum as the Secretary of War shall direct. . . .

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 203

Act of March 3, 1817 (3 Stats., 39J).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act making further provisions for military
services during the late war, and for other purposes."

* * *

Sec. 2. That the provisions contained in an act entitled "An act fix-
ing the military peace establishment of the United States," passed on
the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, granting
to the com missioned officers of the Regular Army, who were deranged
by said act, three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments
to which they were entitled by law at the time of their discharge,
shall equally extend to wagon masters, forage masters, barrack masters,
. . . who were deranged by the before-recited act, except those
provisionally retained by the President of the United States.

* * *

Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 1&6).
AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army.

That so much of the . . . "Act for organizing the general staff
and making further provision for the Army of the United States,"
parsed April twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen,
as relates to . . . forage, wagon, and barrack masters, and their
assistants be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

* * * .

Sec. 3. That so much of the act of the twenty-fourth of April, one
thousand eight hundred and sixteen, aforesaid as relates to the quar-
termaster-general of division shall be repealed and the Quartermaster's
Department shall consist, in addition to the two deputy quartermas-
ters-general and the four assistant deputy quartermasters-general, now
authorized, of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and
emolument of a brigadier-general, and as many assistant deputy quar-
ma-ters-general as the President shall deem proper, not exceeding in
the whole number twelve.

Act ofMaxj 1, 18W 1 (3 Stats., 567).

AN A< T in addition to the several acta for the establishment and regulation of the
Treasury, War, and Navy Departments.

* * *

Sec. 6. That no contract shall hereafter be made by the Secretary
of . . . the Department of War, . . . except under a law
authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its ful-
fillment; and excepting, also, . . . contracts by the Quartermas-
ter's Department, which may be made by the secretaries of those

departments.

* * *

Section 5 of this act authorizes the President to direct a portion of the moneys
appropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's, Subsistence, and

Medical Departments t<> he applied t< any other of the alxive-incntioned hranches of
expenditure.

204 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 7. That there shall be one Quartermaster-General; that there
shall be two quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of
majors of cavalry; and ten assistant quartermasters, who shall, in
addition to their pay in the line, receive a sum not less than ten nor
more than twentv dollars per month, to-be regulated by the Secretary
of War.

Sec. 8. That . . . the assistant quartermasters . . . shall
be subject to duties in both departments [and Subsistence Department]
under the orders of the Secretary of War.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1825 (j. Stats., 127).
AN ACT authorizing the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stores . . . which,
upon proper inspection and survey, shall appear to be damaged or
otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever, in his opinion,
the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public
service.

Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores
shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers
as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales
shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed
by the Secretary of War.

Act of May 18, 1826 (j. Stats., 173).

AN ACT regulating the accountability for clothing and equipage issued to the Army
of the United States and for the better organization of the Quartermaster's
Department.

That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster's Department, in
addition to its present duties, to receive from the purchasing depart-
ment and distribute to the Army of the United States all clothing and
camp and garrison equipage required for the use of the troops; and
that it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General, under the
direction of the Secretary of War, to prescribe and enforce, under the
provisions of this act, a system of accountability for all clothing and
equipage issued to the Army.

Sec. 2. That every captain, or commander of a company, detach-
ment, or recruiting station, or other officer, who shall have received
clothing or camp equipage for the use of his command, or for issue to
the troops, shall render to the Quartermaster-General, at the expiration
of each regular quarter of the year, quarterly returns of such sup-
plies, according to the forms which may be prescribed, accompanied
by the requisite vouchers for any issue that shall have been made, which
returns and vouchers, after due examination by the Quartermaster-

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 205

General, shall be transmitted for settlement to the proper officer of
the Treasury Department.

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of all officers charged with the
issue of clothing or other supplies carefully to preserve the same from
waste or damage; and in case of deficiency on final settlement of any
article of supplies the value thereof shall be charged against the delin-
quent and deducted from his monthly pay, unless he shall show to the
satisfaction of the Secretary of War by one or more depositions set-
ting forth the circumstances of the case that the said deficiency was
occasioned by unavoidable accident, or was lost in actual service, with-
out any fault on his part; and in case of damage he shall also be sub-
ject to charge for the damage actually sustained, unless he shall show,
in like manner, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War, that due
care and attention were given to the preservation of said supplies and
that the damage did not result from neglect.

Sec. 4. That the better to enable the Quartermaster's Department to
carry into effect the provisions of this act there be appointed two addi-
tional quartermasters and ten assistant quartermasters, to be taken
from the line of the Army, who shall have the same rank and compen-
sation as are provided for like grades by the act entitled "An act to
reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States,"
approved the second day of March, one thousand eight hundred and
twenty -one: Provided, That assistant quartermasters be entitled, also,
to receive the allowance of forage heretofore authorized by law to
regimental and battalion quartermasters.

Sec. 5. That each officer appointed under this act shall, before he
enters upon his duties, give bond, with sufficient surety, to be approved
by the Secretary- of War, in such sum as the President shall direct,
with condition for the faithful performance of the duties of his office.

Act of March 2, 1827 (j. Stats., 238).

AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department.
* * *

Sec. 4. That the . . . Quartermaster-General ... be
authorized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of
postage . . .

Act of July 4, 1836 {5 Stats., 117).

AN ACT authorizing the appointment of additional paymasters, and for >ther

purrees.

* * *

Sec. 5. That during the absence of the Quartermaster-General
. . . the President be authorized to empower some officer of the
department . . . whose chief is absent to take charge thereof,
and to perform the duties of Quartermaster-General . . . during
such absence: Provided, That no additional compensation be allowed
therefor.

206 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for

other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to add
to the Quartermaster's Department not exceeding two assistant
quartermasters-general with the rank of colonel, two deputy quarter-
masters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight assistant
quartermasters with the rank of captain; that the assistant quarter-
masters now in service shall have the same rank as is provided by this
act for those hereby authorized; and that the pay and emoluments of
the officers of the Quartermaster's Department shall be the same as are
allowed to officers of similar rank in the regiment of dragoons: Pro-
vided, That all appointments in the Quartermaster's Department shall
be made from the Army, and when officers taken for such appoint-
ments hold rank in the line they shall thereupon relinquish said rank
and be separated from the line of the Army, and that promotion in
said department shall take place as in regiments and corps.

Sec. 10. That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby,
authorized from time to time to employ as man}^ forage masters and
wagon masters as he may deem necessary for the service, not exceed-
ing twenty in the whole, who shall be entitled to receive each forty
dollars per month and three rations per day, and forage for one horse;
and neither of whom shall be interested or concerned, directly or indi-
rectly, in any wagon or other means of transport employed by the
United States, nor in the purchase or sale of any property procured
for or belonging to the United States, except as an agent for the
United States.

Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth,
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:
* * *

Third. That so much of said act as requires assistant quartermasters
to be separated from the line shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Act of August 23, 18 J$ (5 Stats., 512).

AN ACT resecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 3. That the office of commissary-general of purchases, some-
times called commissary of purchases, shall be, and the same is hereby,
abolished, and the duties thereof shall hereafter be performed by the
officers of the Quartermaster's Department, with such of the officers
and clerks now attached to the purchasing department as shall be

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 207

authorized by the Secretan^ of War, and under such regulations as
shall be prescribed by the said Secretary, under the sanction of the
President of the United States.

Act of Juris 18, 181,6 (9 Stats., 17).

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of
the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service
of the United States, in such numbers that the officers of the Quarter-
master . . . departments, authorized by law, be not sufficient to
provide for supplying, quartering, transporting . . . them . . .
it shall be lawful for the President to appoint, with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, as many additional officers of said departments as
tin' service may require, not exceeding one quartermaster . . . for
each brigade, with the rank of major, and one assistant quartermaster
with the rank of captain; . . . the said quartermasters, . . .
assistant quartermasters, ... to give bonds, with good and suf-
ficient sureties, for the faithful performance of their duties; and they
. . . to perform such duties as the President shall direct : Provided,
That the said officers shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments
as are now allowed to officers of the same descriptions and grades in
those departments, . . . that they be subject to the rules and Arti-
cles of War, and continue in service only so long as their services shall
be required in connection with the militia and volunteers.

* * *

Sec. 7. That promotion in the Quartermaster's Department to the
rank of major shall hereafter be made from the captains of the
Army. . . .

Act of February 11, 184-7 (9 Stats., 123).

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force, and for other

purposes.

. 10. That it shall and may be lawful for the President, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint, from the officers
of the Army, four quartermasters of the rank of major, and ten assist-
ant quartermasters with the rank of captain.

Act of March !. l%7 (9 Stats., 181j).

AN ACT making provision for an additional Dumber of general officers, and for

other purposes.

# * *

208 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

allows additional rations to certain officers of the Army, be, and the
same are hereby, so extended as to embrace the Quartermaster-General
. . . of the Army from the date of the act.

* * *

* July 10, 1848 (9-246) . Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted
men in the several corps of the Army.

Act of July 19, 1848 (9 Stats., U?)-

* * *

Sec. 3. That so much of said act passed on the eleventh February,
one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge
at the close of the war with Mexico of ... ; four quartermasters
and ten assistant quartermasters, as authorized by the 10th section of
said act; . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided,
That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be
filled up until further authorized by law: . . .

September 28, 1850 (9-504)- Moneys received from the sale of military stores and
other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain
moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction.

Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595).

AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis-
abled soldiers of the Armv of the United States.

Sec. 2. That . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . shall
be ex officio commissioners of the same. . . .

Act of March 3, 1857 (11 Stats., WO).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight.

* * *

Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department
of the Army five military storekeepers, who shall give the bond and
security required by the existing law; and they and all other military
storekeepers shall have in kind, and in kind only, the fuel and quarters
of first lieutenant of the Army.

* * *

March 3, 1859 (11-431). Board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home reduced;
Quartermaster-General no longer a member thereof.

Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91).

AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and
sixty-one.

* * *

THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 209

of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising-,
a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When
immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency,
the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or
contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are
usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals.
No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be
authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfil-
ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist-
ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall
not exceed the necessities of the current year. No . . . military
supplies whatever which are of a patented invention shall be purchased,
nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless
the same shall be authorized by law and the appropriation therefor
explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention.

Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., ltf).

AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thir-
tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.
* * *

Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making
appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of
the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen
hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as
the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which
the said section shall still be in force.

Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stats., 214).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

* * #

Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in
any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv-
ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall be made
by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the
si i ne. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the
public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by
open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such
articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between
individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made, unions
the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate
to its fulfilment, except in the War . . . Departments, for cloth-
ing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation which, how-
ever, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the
third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for
the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the ( Jovernment for
Hie year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of Juno, eighteen hundred
and sixty-one, shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

S. Doc. 229 14

210 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of July 22, 1861 (12 Stats., 268).

AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and
protecting public property.

* * *

Sec. 3. . . . Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one
assistant quartermaster. . . .

Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287).

AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.
* * *

Sec. 3. . And there shall be added to the Quartermaster's

Department one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, four majors, and
twenty captains, with the rank, pay, and allowances of officers of
cavalry; and whenever any army captain of the Quartermaster's
Department shall have served fourteen years' continuous service, he
shall be promoted to the rank of major; and that there shall be added
to the Quartermaster's Department as many master wagoners, with
the rank, pay, and allowances of sergeants of cavalry, and as many
wagoners, with the pay and allowances of corporals of cavalry, as
the military service, in the judgment of the President, ma} r render
necessary. . . .

Act of January 31, 1862 (12 Stats., 334).

AN ACT to authorize the President of the United States in certain cases to take
possession of railroad and telegraph lines, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the transportation of troops, munitions of war, equip-
ment, military property, and stores throughout the United States
shall be under the immediate control and supervision of the Secretary
of War and such agents as he may appoint; and all rules, regulations,
articles, usages, and laws in conflict with this provision are hereby

annulled.

* * *

February 12, 1862 (12-338) . Three competent naval officers may be temporarily
detailed for inspecting transport vessels, etc. , for the service of the War Department.

Act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stats., 505).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropriations
for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby
is, authorized, by and with the consent of the Senate, to appoint as
many military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Department of the
Army as the exigencies of the service may require: Provided, The
whole number of military storekeepers in that department shall not
exceed twelve.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 211

.hihj 12, 1862 {12-624). Extra clothing to be furnished to all sick, wounded, or
other soldiers who may have lost the same by the casualties of war.

July 17, 1862 (12-594). Contractors for military supplies guilty of fraud to be sub-
ject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended
by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all
inspectors of military supplies.

Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 597).

AX ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,
>iq .press insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty -eighth,
seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other
purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That each army corps .shall have . . . one quarter-
master . . . who shall bear . . . the rank of lieutenant-
colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volunteer force
by the President. . . .

Act of June 25, 1864. (13 Stats., 181).
AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army.

That every quartermaster and assistant quartermaster . . . shall,
as soon as practicable, be ordered to appear for examination as to his
qualifications before a board to be composed of three staif officers of
the corps to which he belongs, of recognized merit and fitness, of whom
two at least shall be officers of volunteers, which board shall make a
careful examination as to the qualification of all officers who may
appear before them in pursuance of this act, and shall also keep min-
utes and make a full and true record of the examination in each case.
And all members of such boards of examination shall, before proceed-
ing to the discharge of their duties as herein provided, swear or affirm
that they will conduct all examinations with impartiality and with a
sole view to the qualifications of the person or persons to be examined,
and that they will not divulge the-vote of any member upon the exam-
ination of any officer who may appear before them.

Skc. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened, under
the direction of the Secretary of War, by the Quartermaster-General
. . . at convenient places; and general rules of examination and a
standard of qualification shall be prescribed by said officers, subject to
tin- approval of the Secretary of War, and shall be published in general
order-.

Sec. 8. That after such general order shall have been published for
sixty days if any officer who shall then be ordered before a board of
examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty days
after receiving such special order to report himself as directed, all his
pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited until he does appear and
report for examination; and if he shall still thereafter fail for a further
period of thirty days so to appear he shall thereupon be dropped
from the rolls of the Army: /W/vVAv/, horn, n r, That if such failure to
appear and report shall have been occasioned by wounds or sickness,
or other physical disability, then there shall be no forfeiture of pay
until thirty days after such disability has been removed; but if in sixty
days after the disability is removed the officer shall not report himself
he shall then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases.

212 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 4. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer
does not possess the requisite business qualifications they shall forward
the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau
to which he maj 7 belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve
the finding' and report of the board he shall forward the same, through
the Secretary of War, to the President of the United States, and if the
President shall confirm the same the officer so failing in his examina-
tion shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the service with one
month's pay, and if not yet commissioned, his appointment shall be
revoked. And if the board shall report that any officer fails to pass a
satisfactory examination by reason of intemperance, gambling, or other
immoralit}^, and if the head of the bureau shall approve the finding and
report of the board, and the same being communicated, as before pro-
vided, to the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall
be dismissed from the service without pay, and shall not be permitted
to reenter the service as an officer: Provided, That such dismissal shall
not relieve him from liability under existing laws for any offense he
may have committed.

Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their rec-
ords of examination to the heads of the bureau to which they appertain,
and such records shall be filed in the proper bureau with a suitable
index; and any officer who may desire it shall be entitled to receive a
copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying
the same.

Act of My 4, 186 1^ {13 Stats., 381).

AN ACT to restrict the jurisdiction of the Court of Claims and to provide for the
payment of certain demands for quartermaster's stores and subsistence supplies
furnished to the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 2. That all claims of loyal citizens in States not in rebellion for
quartermaster's stores actually furnished to the Army of the United
States and receipted for by the proper officer receiving the same, or
which may have been taken by such officers without giving such receipt,
may be submitted to the Quartermaster-General of the United States,
accompanied with such proofs as each claimant can present of the facts
in his case; and it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General to
cause such claim to be examined, and if convinced that it is just and
of the loyalty of the claimant, and that the stores have been actually
received or taken for the use of and used by said Army, then to report
each case to the Third Auditor of the Treasury with a recommendation
for settlement.

Act of My 4, 1864 {13 Stats., 394).
AN ACT to provide for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Department.

That there shall be established in the office of the Quartermaster-
General of the Army, to exist during the present rebellion and one
year thereafter, the following divisions, each of which shall be placed in
the charge of a competent officer of the Quartermaster's Department,
to be assigned to such duty by the Secretary of War, who shall, under

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 213

such rules as may bo prescribed by the Quartermaster-General, with
the approval of the Secretary of War, transact the business of such
division as hereinafter provided, to wit:

The first division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement,
and disposition of horses and mules for cavalry, artillery, wagon and
ambulance trains, and all other purposes for which horses or mules
may be procured for the armies of the United States.

The second division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement,
issue, and disposition of cloth and clothing, knapsacks, camp and gar-
rison equipage, and all accoutrements of the soldier which are provided
by the Quartermaster's Department.

The third division shall have charge of the purchase, charter, hire,
and maintenance of all vessels to be used in the transportation of the
Army, and of prisoners of war, and of their supplies, on the ocean, and
the bays and sounds connected therewith, and upon the northern and
northwestern lakes, including all vessels propelled by steam or other-
wise, owned or employed by the War Department, excepting river
steam vessels and barges upon the Western rivers.

The fourth division shall have charge of the purchase, charter, hire,
maintenance, and procurement of all transportation for the Army, and
its supplies by land and upon the Western rivers (other than transpor-
tation by animal power in the field and at camps, garrisons, posts,
depots, and stations), including all railroad and telegraph lines oper-
ated by the United States for military purposes, and of all steam rams
and gunboats owned or employed by the War Department upon the
Western rivers, until other disposition shall be made of them by com-
petent authority.

The fifth division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement,
issue, and disposition of forage and straw for the Army.

The sixth division shall have charge of the erection, procurement,
maintenance, disposition, and so forth, of all barracks, hospital build-
ings, storehouses, stables, bridges (other than railroad bridges),
wharves, and other structures composed in whole or in part of lum-
ber, and of all lumber, nails, and hardware for building purposes; and
of the hire and commutation of quarters for officers, the hire of quar-
ters for troops, the hire of grounds for cantonments, or other military
Eurposes, ana the repair and care of all buildings and other structures
erein mentioned, and of all grounds owned, hired, or occupied for
military purposes, except such as are lawfully under the charge of
other bureaus of the War Department; and of extra pay to soldiers
employed in erecting barracks, or other fatigue duty, under the acts
of March second, eighteen hundred and nineteen, ana* August fourth,
eighteen hundred and fifty-four.

The seventh division shall have charge of the purchase, procure-
ment, issue, and disposition of all wagons, ambulances, travelling
forges, and harness (except such as are furnished by the Ordnance
Department), and of all hardware, except as hereinbefore provided,
ana of all fuel for officers and enlisted men, camps, garrisons, hospitals,
posts, storehouses, offices, public transports, steam rams, and army
gunboats, and of all transportation by animal power in the field, at
camps, garrisons, posts, depots, and stations, and of the construction
and repair of roads other than railroads; and of the compensation of
wagon and forage masters, and of clerks to officers of the Quarter-
master's Department; and of the purchase of heating and cooking

214 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

stoves; and of the expenses of courts-martial, military commissions,
and courts of inquiry; and of mileage and allowances to officers for
the transportation of themselves and their baggage when travelling
upon duty without troops, escorts, or supplies, and of supplies for
prisoners of war and such refugees as the Secretary of War may direct
to be temporarily provided for; and of the purchase of stationery,
blanks, and blank books for the Quartermaster's Department; and of
the printing of the division and department orders and reports; and of
the proper and authorized expenses for the movements and operations
of an army not expressly assigned to any other division or department.

The eighth division shall have charge of all inspections of the Quar-
termaster's Department, and of all reports made by officers assigned
to inspection duty, analyzing and preserving the reports as received,
and communicating through the Quartermaster-General to the chiefs
of the proper divisions such portions of these reports as may be neces-
sary for their information and use: Provided, That the officers assigned
to inspection duty shall have power not only to report and to point
out any errors or abuses which they may discover in the practical
operations of the Quartermaster's Department, but to give, by order
of the Quartermaster-General, the orders which may be immediately
necessary to correct and prevent a continuance of such abuse or errors:
Provided further, That all such orders shall be immediately reported
to the chief of the inspection division for the approval or otherwise of
the Quartermaster-General.

The ninth division shall have charge of all correspondence, returns,
reports, and records received, filed, and preserved in the office of the
Quartermaster-General, and of the transmission thereof to the several
other divisions of this office, and departments of the Government.

Sec. 2. That the heads of the several divisions above mentioned
shall, under the direction of the Quartermaster-General, from time to
time, advertise for proposals for the supplies necessary for the move-
ments and operations of the several armies, posts, detachments, garri-
sons, hospitals, and for other military purposes, in newspapers having
general circulation in those parts of the country where such supplies
can be most advantageously furnished, having regard also to the places
where such supplies are to be delivered and used; and all such sup-
plies, so purchased and contracted for, shall be subject to careful
inspection, and all clothing and camp and garrison equipage shall be
subject to a double inspection, first, as to the quality of the material,
and, second, as to the kind and character of the workmanship, which
inspection shall in all cases be performed by a competent inspector,
with suitable assistants, who shall have had ample experience in the
inspection of cloth, clothing, knapsacks, camp and garrison equipage;
and all payments for supplies so purchased shall be made under the
direction of the officers in charge of the several divisions above men-
tioned., upon receipts or certificates from the officers inspecting and
receiving such supplies, prepared in such form and attested in such
manner as may be prescribed by the Quartermaster-General.

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General to
establish depots, from time to time, at places convenient to the prin-
cipal armies in the field, for receiving and distributing the supplies
necessary for such armies, and for the detachments, posts, and hos-
pitals most accessible to such depots; and the business of inspecting,
weighing, measuring, and receiving supplies for such armies, detach-

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 215

meats, posts, and hospitals, and of giving receipts or certificates there-
for to the persons furnishing such supplies, shall be carried on as far as
practicable at such depots; but the Quartermaster-General, or the heads
of the several divisions above mentioned, may cause such supplies to
be sent from the place of purchase directly to the quartermasters of
the commands for whose use they are procured, in any cases where it
may be more economical or advantageous so to do; and in cases where
horses, mules, clothing, or camp and garrison equipage may be so sent,
suitable and competent inspectors shall be sent to examine the same
before they shall be issued and receipted for.

Sec. 4. That when an emergency shall exist requiring the immedi-
ate procurement of supplies for the necessary movements and opera-
tions of an army or detachment, and when such supplies can not be
procured from any established depot of the Quartermaster's Depart
ment, or from the head of the division charged with the duty of fur-
nishing such supplies, within the required time, then it shall be lawful
for the commanding officer of such army or detachment to order the
chief quartermaster of such army or detachment to procure such sup-
plies during the continuance of such emergency, but no longer, in the
most expeditious manner, and without advertisement; and it shall be
the duty of such quartermaster to obey such order; and his accounts
of the disbursement of moneys for such supplies shall be accompanied
by the order of the commanding officer as aforesaid, or a certified
copy of the same, and also by a statement of the particular facts and
circumstances, with their dates, constituting such emergency.

Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster- General, imme-
diately after the passage of this act, and at least once in every month
thereafter, to require from the principal quartermasters of the several
military departments and depots approximate statements of the aggre-
gate amounts of supplies on hand, and estimates of the additional
amounts required for the service for the ensuing month, stating at
what places such supplies will be required, and what amounts are
legally contracted for but not yet delivered. And it shall be the duty
of the heads of the several divisions above mentioned to cause to be
made purchases or contracts for the supplies which the Quartermaster-
General may estimate to be necessary in accordance with law, and all
quartermasters shall forthwith report to the Quartermaster-General,
to be referred to the heads of the several divisions above mentioned,
all contracts not yet fulfilled which they may have executed on behalf
of the United States, and all proposals which they may have received
in answer to advertisements for future supplies, and shall hereafter
regularly report to the Quartermaster-General copies of all contracts
made and all proposals received for supplies of any kind to be fur-
nished. And if any quartermaster shall neglect or refuse, for the
space of one month, to report to the Quartermaster-General any such
contract or proposal, sucn neglect or refusal shall be deemed prima
facie evidence of fraud, and the pay of such quartermaster shall be
stopped until he shall have made a satisfactory explanation to the Secre-
tary of War of such neglect or refusal.

Sec. f>. That all inspectors of horses, mules, clothing, fuel, forage,
lumber, hired transports, and other supplies of the Quartermaster's
Department shall be sworn (or affirmed) to perform their duties in a
faithful and impartial manner, and shall for any corruption, wilful
neglect, or fraud in the performance of their duties be liable to pun-

216 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ishment by fine and imprisonment, by sentence of court-martial or
military commission; and if any contractor or person furnishing such
supplies or transportation shall give or offer to give to any inspector
of such supplies or transportation, or to any other person for his use,
directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable consideration, such
person giving or offering to give such money or other valuable con-
sideration shall forfeit to the United States the full amount of his
contract or contracts with the United States, and the name and offence
of such person shall be published in general orders, and also in one
newspaper of general circulation nearest to his place of residence.

Sec. 7. That the provisions of the sixteenth section of the act
entitled "An act to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers
of the Army, and for other purposes," approved July seventeen, eight-
een hundred and sixty -two, shall apply to all persons engaged in
executing the contracts therein referred to, whether as agents of such
contractors or as claiming to be assignees thereof, or otherwise, and
to all inspectors employed by the United States for the inspection of
subsistence, clothing, arms, ammunition, munitions of war, or other
description of supplies for the Army or Navy of the United States:
Provided, That any person arrested to answer charges for a violation
of the provisions of this act, or of the act to which it is in addition,
shall be admitted to bail for his appearance to answer the charges made
against him before any court-martial constituted to try him, in such
sums and with such sureties as shall be designated and approved by
the judge of the district court of the district in which the arrest is
made or the offence is charged to have been committed, or any com-
missioner appointed by such court.

Sec. 8. That if any contractor or person furnishing supplies or
transportation shall give, or offer to give, or cause to be given, to any
officer or employee of the Quartermaster's Department having charge
of the receipt or disposition of the supplies or transportation furnished
by him, or in any way connected therewith, any money or other valu-
able consideration, directly or indirectly, all contracts and charters
with such person shall, at the option of the Secretary of War, be null
and void; and if any officer or employee of the Quartermaster's
Department shall knowingly accept any such money or other valuable
consideration from such person, he shall be deemed guilty of mal-
feasance, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment, or both, as
a court-martial or military commission may direct.

Sec. 9. That whenever it shall become necessary to purchase any
steam or sailing vessel for the use of the Quartermaster's Department,
the same shall be first inspected by one or more competent naval
officers detailed in accordance with the provisions of the "act author-
izing the detail of naval officers for the service of the War Depart-
ment," approved February twelve, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,
and all steam vessels shall be inspected by an officer skilled in the con-
struction and operation of steam machinery, in addition to the other
usual inspection of such vessels: Provided, That the provisions of this
section shall not apply to steamboats or other vessels in military serv-
ice on the western rivers; but such river steamboats or vessels shall
be so inspected by competent builders, to be designated for that
purpose.

Sec. 10. That the officers placed in charge of the several divisions
provided for by the first section of this act shall, during the time they
remain in such charge, each have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 217

colonel in the Quartermasters Department: Provided, That the Quar-
termaster-General may, with the approval of the Secretary of War,
from time to time, and according to the necessities of the public service,
change the distribution of duties among them; and all such changes
shall be forthwith published in general orders of the War Department.

Sec. 11. That during the continuance of the present rebellion the
Secretary of War may assign to duty, as inspectors of the Quarter-
master's Department, six officers, to be selected from the regular and
volunteer officers of that staff corps, who have served not less than one
year, who shall have, while so assigned and acting, the temporary
rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment; and also, when in his judgment it is necessary, may assign to
each army in the field, consisting of more than one army corps, and to
each military department, and to each principal depot, not exceeding
ten in number at any one time, of the Quartermaster's Department, an
officer to act as chief or senior quartermaster of said army, military
department, or depot, who shall have while so assigned the temporary
rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment; and also to assign to each division of two or more brigades a
quartermaster, as division quartermaster, who, while so assigned and
acting, shall have the temporary rank-pay, and emoluments of a major
of the Quartermaster's Department: Provided, That when any of said
officers is relieved from such duty, his temporary rank, pay, and
emoluments shall cease, and he shall return to his lineal rank in the
department: And provided further, That when within the limits of
any military department there shall be not more than one army corps,
then the chief quartermaster of the army corps shall perform also the
duties of the department quartermaster.

Sec. 12. That at least two-thirds of all officers of each grade or
assigned rank provided for under the provisions of this act shall be
selected from among quartermasters of the volunteer service.
* * *

March 3, 1865 (13-507) . Fuel may l>e issued to destitute refugees and freedmen.

Resolution of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 571).

A RESOLUTION to authorize and direct an inventory of articles in the quarter-
masters' depots of the United States and in the jx>ssession of the naval storekeepers
of the United States.

That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, directed to cause a
strict inspection to be made of the Quartermaster's Department as
soon as practicable after the passage of this resolution, and a com-
parison be made between the reports of the officers in charge of the
quartermasters' depots at New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Saint
Louis, and Louisville, and the articles on hand.

Act of My 13, 1866 (U Stats., 90).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes.

* *

Si.c 4. That the Quartermaster's Department shall in all cases, in
obtaining supplies for the military service, state in advertisements
for bids for contracts that a preference shall be given to articles of

218 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

domestic production and manufacture, conditions of price and quality
being equal, and that such preference shall be given to articles of
American production and manufacture produced on the Pacific coast
to the extent of the consumption required by the public service there;
and in advertising for army supplies the Quartermaster's Department
shall require all articles which are to be used in the States and Terri-
tories of the Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected at points desig-
nated in those States and Territories, and the advertisements for such
supplies shall be published in newspapers of the cities of San Francisco,
in California, and Portland, in Oregon.

* * *

July 14, 1866 {14-864)- Condemned clothing and surplus camp and garrison
equipage may be issued to families rendered homeless and destitute by recent fire in
Portland, Me. Surplus bedding and hospital furniture may be issued (same as
above) .

July 16, 1866 (14-178). Transportation may be furnished destitute refugees and
freedmen.

July 28, 1866 (14-310). This act makes an appropriation for the establishment of
national cemeteries and the purchase of sites for the same.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 7. . . . and the President of the United States is hereby
authorized to appoint for each national cemetery now established, or
that may be established, a superintendent, with the rank, pay, and
emoluments of an ordnance sergeant, to be selected from among the
noncommissioned officers of the .Regular Army and volunteer forces
who have received certificates of merit for services during the war.

* * *

Sec. 13. That the Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall
hereafter consist of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of a brigadier-general; six assistant quartermasters-
general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry;
ten deputy quartermasters-general, with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; fifteen quartermasters, with
the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry, and forty-four
assistant quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of cap-
tains of cavalry; and the vacancies hereby created in the grade of
assistant quartermaster shall be filled by selection from among the
persons who have rendered meritorious services as assistant quarter-
masters of volunteers during two years of the war; but after the first
appointments made under the provisions of this section, as vacancies
may occur in the grades of major and captain in this department, no
appointments to fill the same shall be made until the number of majors
shall be reduced to twelve and the number of captains to thirty, and
thereafter the number of officers in each of said grades shall continue
to conform to said reduced numbers.

Sec. 14. That the number of military storekeepers in the Quarter-
master's Department shall hereafter be as many as shall be required,
not exceeding sixteen, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments
of captains of infantry.

Sec. 15. That the provisions of the act for the better organization
of the Quartermaster's Department, approved July fourth, eighteen

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. '219

hundred and sixty-four, shall continue in force until the first day of
January, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and no longer.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the . . . quartermaster-general . . . shall
hereafter be appointed by the selection from the corps to which they
belong, and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by
this act in the . . . quartermaster's departments until he shall
have passed the examination now required by law.

* * *

July 28, 1866 (14-842). Transportation to be furnished to discharged soldiers to
whom artificial limbs are furnished by the Government.

Act of February 22, 1867 (U Stats., 399).

AN ACT to establish and protect national cemeteries.

That in the arrangements of the national cemeteries, established for
the burial of deceased soldiers and sailors, the Secretary of War is
hereby directed to have the same enclosed with a good and substantial
stone or iron fence; and to cause each grave to be marked with a small
headstone or block, with the number of grave inscribed thereon, cor-
responding with the number opposite to the name of the party, in a
register of burials to be kept at each cemetery and at the office of the
Quartermaster-General, which shall set forth the name, rank, com-
pany, regiment, and date of death of the officer or soldier; or, if
unknown, it shall be so recorded.

* * *

Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 422).

AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of
the United States and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 7. That (excepting the ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at
the Springfield Armory, who has the rank, pay, and allowances of a
major of cavalry) all storekeepers of the Army shall hereafter have
the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry. . . .

* * *

March 2-2, 1867 (15-1) . One complete suit of clothing to be issued to each invalid
soldier in any of the Soldiers' Homes. By the act of January 23, 1873 (17-417), this
benefit was extended so as to give a suit of clothes or its equivalent in clothing to
each man w ho has been or was in a national asylum.

March ..'/, 1887 (15-21). Barracks, buildings, etc., at Camp Chase, Ohio, to be
turned over to board of managers of the national asylum; surplus clothing and
"inartermaster stores may be sold to said board at first prices.

March 18, 1888 (15-250). Gratuitous issues of clothing, on the recommendation of
the Surj_'eon-< leneral, may be made to soldiers who have had contagious diseases and
t<. hospital attendants who have nursed them.

Act of March 3, 1869 {15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending

.(une thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed t>\ law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions ... in the Quartermaster's

Department. . . .

220 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

February 15, 1870 {16-65). Necessary supplies and condemned clothing may be
furnished the poor and destitute of the District of Columbia.

July 11, 1870 {16-229). No purchase of coal or wood to be made except on condi-
tion that the same shall, before delivery, be inspected, weighed, or measured by an
agent of the bureau for which purchase is made.

July 14, 1870 {16-390). When transferred to the General Government, the Gettys-
burg and Antietam cemeteries to be cared for and maintained as national cemeteries.

Act of July 15, 1870 (16 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 24. Provided, That fuel, quarters, and forage in kind

may be furnished to officers by the Quartermaster's Department, as
now allowed by law and regulations. . . .

* * *

April 20, 1871 {17-5). Condemned clothing and bedding, not exceeding $5,000 in
value, may be furnished to the National Freedmen's Relief Association.

Act of May 18, 1872 (17 Stats., 122).

AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the
service of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun-
dred and seventy-two, and for former years, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That hereafter barracks and quarters, and all
buildings and structures whatever of a permanent nature, shall be con-
structed upon special authority, to be given by act of Congress, except
when constructed by the troops; and no such structures whose cost
shall exceed twenty thousand dollars shall be erected or continued in
erection unless by such authority so specially granted.

* * *

. . . Provided, That there shall be no claim upon the United
States for the use of any patent for the manner of or material for doing
the same. [Preservation of clothing and camp equipage.]

Act of May 18, 1872 (17 Stats., 135).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to establish and to protect national ceme-
teries," approved February twenty-second, eighteen hundred and sixty -seven.

That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to select the super-
intendents of the national cemeteries from meritorious and trustworthy
soldiers, either commissioned officers or enlisted men of the Volunteer
or Regular. Army, who have been honorably mustered out or dis-
charged from the service of the United States and who may have been
disabled for active field service in the line of duty.

Sec. 2. That the superintendents of the national cemeteries shall
receive for their compensation from sixty dollars to seventy -five dol-
lars per month, according to the extent and importance of the ceme-
teries to which they may be respectively assigned, to be determined
by the Secretary of War; and they shall also be furnished with quar-
ters and fuel, as now provided at the several cemeteries.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 221

Act of June 3, 1872 (17 Stats., 214).

AN ACT to authorize the appointment of certain officers in the Quartermaster's

Department.

That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate, and
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate to appoint, certain
officers of the Quartermaster's Department to the grade they would
have held in said Department, respectively, had the vacancies created
therein by the act of July twent3^-e:ghth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
six, from the rank of major to the rank of colonel, both inclusive, been
filled b} r promotion by seniority: Provided, That no officer shall be
deprived of his relative rank or reduced from his present grade by
this act and that the officers whose appointments are herein authorized
shall take rank and receive pay only from the date of their confirmation.

Act of June 8, 1872 (17 Stats., 338).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act to provide for
furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers," approved June thirtieth, eighteen
hundred and seventy.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the transportation allowed for having artificial limbs
fitted shall be furnished by the Quartermaster-General of the Army,
the cost of which shall be refunded from the appropriations for invalid

pensions.

* * *

June 8, 1872 {17-345). Name of soldier and name of State, when the same are
known, to be inscribed on each headstone.

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 543).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four.

* * *

. . . Provided, That when the new uniform is distributed to the
troops, the clothing of the old style no longer to bo issued, incapable
of alteration, shall be sold by the Secretary of War at public auction
after due public notice by advertisement; and the gross proceeds of
such sales shall be covered into the Treasury.

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 602).

AN ACT to provide for the care and preservation of the cemetery near the City of
Mexico, purchased in accordance with the act of September twenty -eighth, eighteen
hundred and fifty.

That the President of the United States is authorized to provide out
of the ordinary annual appropriations for establishing and maintaining
United States military cemeteries, for the proper care and preserva-
tion and maintenance of the cemetery or burial ground near the City of
Mexico, in which are interred the remains of officers and soldiers of
the United States, and of citizens of the United States, wfio fell in
battle or died in and around said city; and that this cemetery shall be

222 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

subject to the rules and regulations affecting United States national
military cemeteries within the limits of the United States, so far as
they may, in the opinion of the President, be applicable thereto.

April 23, 1874 (18-34) Temporary issue of disused army clothing may be made
for the relief of the sufferers by the overflow of the Lower Mississippi River. [By
the act of May 13, 1874 (18-46) the authority given was to expire September 1, 1874.]

May 28, 1874 (18-287). Obsolete clothing to be issued to destitute people on the
Tombigbee, Warrior, and Alabama rivers.

Act of June 16, 187 J^. (18 Stats., 70).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year
ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

. Provided, That none of the money hereby appropriated
shall be used in the purchase of hats, uniform caps, forage caps,
uniform coats, uniform jackets, flannel sack coats, and unlined coats,
which articles the Quartermaster's Department shall issue from the
supply now on hand, known as the old pattern; and none of the arti-
cles above enumerated shall be purchased until those now on hand are

exhausted.

* * *

February 10, 1875 (18-314)- Issues of disused army clothing may be made, to pre-
vent suffering and extreme want, to all persons on the western frontier rendered des-
titute by ravages of grasshoppers during the summer last past. This act to expire
September 1, 1875.

June 18, 1874 (18-83). Ten thousand complete suits of clothing to be reserved
from surplus stock and sold to National Homes for Disabled Volunteers.

Act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 338).

AN ACT in relation to the Quartermaster's Department, fixing its status, reducing
its numbers, and regulating appointments and promotions therein.

That the Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall hereafter
consist of the Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of a brigadier-general; four assistant quartermasters-general,
with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; eight dep-
uty quartermasters-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of
lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; fourteen quartermasters, with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; and thirty assistant quar-
termasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry.

Sec. 2. That no more appointments shall be made in the grade of
military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Department, and this
grade shall cease to exist as soon as the same becomes vacant by death,
resignation, or otherwise of the present incumbents.

Sec. 3. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or
deprived of his commission by reason of any provision of this act.

Sec. 4. That no officer shall be promoted or appointed in the Quar-
termaster's Department in excess of the organization prescribed by
this act, and that so much of section six of the act approved March
third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, entitled "An act making appro-
priations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thir-
tieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," as applied
to the Quartermaster's Department, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

THE QUARTEKMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 223

Act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 452).

AX ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for other purposes.

* * *

.' . . Provided, That no part of this sum shall be paid for the
use of any patent process for the preservation of cloth from moth or

mildew.

* * *

August 15, 1876 {19-203). Necessary transportation to have artificial limbs fitted,
to be furnished by the Quartermaster-General.

January 26, 1877 (19-409). Two hundred blankets to be issued to Reform School
in District of Columbia.

REVISED STATUTES 2nd edition 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

A QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

* * *

Sec. 1132. The Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall con-
sist of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank of brigadier-general;
six assistant quartermasters-general, with the rank of colonel of cav-
alry; ten deputy quartermasters-general, with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel of cavalry; twelve quartermasters, with the rank of major of
cavalry; thirty assistant quartermasters, with the rank of captain of
cavalry; and such number of military storekeepers, not exceeding
sixteen, as may be required, with the rank of captain of cavalry.
Nothing herein shall deprive of his office any person now holding the
office of quartermaster with the rank of major. All appointments in
the Quartermaster's Department shall be made from the Army. ' Dur-
ing the absence of the Quartermaster-General, . . . the Presi-
dent is authorized to empower some officer of the Department . . .
to perform the duties of Quartermaster-General, . . . during
such absence.

Sec. 1133. It shall be the duty of the officers of the Quartermaster's
Department, under.the direction of the Secretary of War, to purchase
ana distribute to the Army all military stores and supplies, and to
provide for and pay all incidental expenses of the military service
which other corps are not directed to provide for and pay.

Sec. 1134. Assistant quartermasters shall do duty as assistant com-
missaries of subsistence when so ordered by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 1135. The officers of the Quartermaster's Department shall
upon the requisition of the naval or marine officer commanding any
detachment of seamen or marines under orders to act on shore, in
cooperation with land troops, and during the time such detachment is
so acting or proceeding to act, furnish the officers and seamen with
camp equipage, together with transportation for said officers, seamen,
and marines, their baggage, provisions, and cannon, and shall furnish
the naval officer commanding any such detachment, and his necessary
aids, with horses, acoouterraents, and forage.

Sec. 1136. Permanent barracks or quarters shall not be constructed

224 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

unless detailed estimates shall have been previously submitted to Con-
gress and approved by a special appropriation for the same, except
when constructed by the troops; and no such structures, the cost of
which shall exceed twenty thousand dollars, shall be erected unless by
special authority of Congress. It shall be the duty of all officers of the
United States having any of the title papers (property purchased or
about to be purchased for erection of public buildings) in their posses-
sion to furnish them forthwith to the Attorney-General. No public
money shall be expended until the written opinion of the Attorney-
General shall be had.

Sec. 1137. The Quartermaster-General may employ as many forage
masters and wagon masters, not exceeding twenty in the whole, as he
may deem necessary for the service, who shall be entitled to receive
each fifty dollars per month and three rations per day and forage for
one horse. No forage master or wagon master shall be concerned,
directly or indirectly, in any means of transport employed by the
United States, or in the purchase or sale of any property procured for
or belonging to the United States, except as agent for the United
States.

Sec. 1138. No officer belonging to the Quartermaster's Department,
or doing the duty of a quartermaster or assistant quartermaster, shall
be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale of any arti-
cle intended for or appertaining to said department of service, except
on account of the United States; nor shall any such officer take or
apply to his own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or trans-
acting any business connected with the duties of his office other than
that which may be allowed by law.

Sec. 1139. The Quartermaster-General, under the direction of the
Secretary of War, shall prescribe and enforce a system of accounta-
bility for all quartermaster's supplies to the Army or to officers, sea-
men, and marines. And he shall account to the Secretary of War at
least once in three months for all property and money that may pass
through his hands or the hands of his subordinate officers.

# # . #

Sec. 1191. All officers of the Quartermaster's . . . depart-
ments, . . . and all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the
duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the
United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faith-
fully to account for all public moneys and property which they may
receive. The President may at any time increase the sum so pre-
scribed. But the Quartermaster-General shall not be liable for any
money or property that may come into the hands of the subordinate
officers of nis department. .'.

* * . *

Sec. 1193. The . . . Quartermaster-General, . . . shall be
appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong.

Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in the . . . Quartermaster's
. . . departments.

* * *

Sec. 1221. Every officer who receives clothing or camp equipage for
the use of his command or for issue to the troops shall render to the
Quartermaster-General at the expiration of each regular quarter of

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 225

the year quarterly returns of such supplies, according to the forms
which may be prescribed, accompanied by the requisite vouchers for
any issues which shall have been made. Said returns and vouchers,
after due examination by the Quartermaster-General, shall be trans-
mitted for settlement to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury

Department.

* * *

Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores
which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or
unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be
made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales
shall be made under regulations prescribed by him.

* * *

Sec. 1296. The President may prescribe the uniform of the Army
and quality and kind of clothing which shall be issued annually to the
troops of the United States.

Sec. 1297. No allowance of clothing shall be made to sergeants of
ordnance.

Sec. 1298. The Secretary of War may . . . order gratuitous
issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to
hospital attendants who have nursed them, to replace any articles of
their clothing destroyed by order. . . .

* * *

Sec. 1437. Authorizes the President to detail, temporarily, three
competent naval officers for the service of the War Department in the
inspection of transport vessels, etc.

* * *

Sec. 1647. . . . Each brigade [of militia called into service]
. . . shall have . . . one assistant quartermaster, . . .

* * *

Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the
military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the
chief officers of the Departments of War, . . . And all agents or
contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their
accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Department for
which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to
the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury, . . .

* * *

Sec. 3716. The Quartermaster's Department of the Army, in obtain-
ing supplies for the military service, shall state in all advertisements
for bids for contracts that a preference shall be given to articles of
American production and manufacture produced on the Pacific coast
to the extent of the consumption required by the public service there.
In advertising for army supplies the Quartermaster's Department shall
require all articles which are to be used in the States and Territories of
the Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected at points designated in
those States and Territories; and the advertisements for such supplies
shall be published in newspapers of the cities of San Francisco, in
California, and Portland, in Oregon.

* * *

Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States
shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an

S. Doc. 229 15

226 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . .
Departments, for clothing, . . . forage, fuel, quarters, or trans-
portation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the cur-
rent year.

* * *

Sec. 4791. The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to fur-
nish [to men entitled to artificial limbs] transportation to and from their
homes and the place where they may be required to go to obtain arti-
ficial limbs provided for them under authority of law. The transpor-
tation allowed for having artificial limbs fitted shall be furnished by
the Quartermaster-General of the Army, the cost of which shall be
refunded from the appropriations for invalid pensions.

* * *

Sec. 4874. The superintendent of the national cemeteries shall be
selected from meritorious and trustworthy soldiers, either commis-
sioned officers or enlisted men of the Volunteer or Regular Army, who
have been honorably mustered out or discharged from the service of
the United States, and who may have been disabled for active field
service in the line of duty.

Sec. 4875. The superintendent of the national cemeteries shall
receive for their compensation from sixty dollars to seventy-five dol-
lars a month each, according to the extent and importance of the ceme-
teries to which they may be respectively assigned, to be determined
by the Secretary of War; and they shall also be furnished with quar-
ters and fuel at the several cemeteries.

* * *

Sec. 4877. In the arrangement of the national cemeteries established
for the burial of deceased soldiers . . . the Secretary of War is
hereby directed to have the same inclosed with a good and substantial
stone or iron fence; and to cause each grave to be marked with a small
headstone or block, which shall be of durable stone and of such design
and weight as shall keep it in place when set, and shall bear the name
of the soldier and the name of his State inscribed thereon, when the
same are known, and also with the number of the grave inscribed
thereon, corresponding with the number opposite to the name of the
party in a register of burials to be kept at each cemetery and at the
office of the Quartermaster-General, wnich shall set forth the name,
rank, company, regiment, and date of death of the officer or soldier;
or if these are unknown, it shall be so recorded.

* * *

Sec. 4879. The President is authorized to provide, out of the ordi-
nary annual appropriations for establishing and maintaining United
States military cemeteries, for the proper care and preservation and
maintenance of the cemetery or burial ground near the City of Mexico
in which are interred the remains of officers and soldiers of the United
States who fell in battle or died in and around said city.

Sec. 4880. The cemetery in Mexico shall be subject to the rules and
regulations affecting United States national military cemeteries within
the limits of the United States, so far as they may, in the opinion of
the President, be applicable thereto.

THE QUAETERM ASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 227

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Februarys, 1879 {20-281). Authorizes erection of headstones over the graves of
soldiers buried in private, village, or city cemeteries in same manner as provided for
soldiers interred in national cemeteries.

Act of March 3, 1881 (21 Stats., pS).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, and for other
purposes.

* * *

For the purchase of a suitable site in the city of Washington for the
erection of a brick and metal fireproof building to bo used and occu-
pied by the Pension Bureau, the building to be erected in accordance
with plans approved bj r the Secretary of War and the Secretary of
the Interior, under the supervision of the Quartermaster-General of
the United States Army, 1 the site for which shall be selected by him,
subject to the approval of the Secretaries aforesaid, both as to location
and price, . . .

[All the old clothing now held for issue to the National Home to be
turned over to the managers of the Home.]

* * *

March 11, 1882 {22-378). Provides for transportation of rations, etc., to sufferers
from overflow of the Mississippi River. Hospital tents may be used to furnish them
temporary shelter.

Act of June 30, 1882 (22 Stats., 117).

A N ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes.

* * *

Provided, That there shall be no discrimination in the issue of forage
against officers serving east of the Mississippi River, provided they are
required by law to be mounted and actually keep and own their
animals.

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 466).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes.

I'ATf DEPARTMENT.

For pay of tfte Army, . . . : Provided, . . . , and hero-
after vacancies occurring in the Quartermasters' . . . depart-
ments of the Army may in the discretion of the President be filled
from civil life.

'The act of August 7, 1882 (22-302) reappropriated the sum appropriated in this
act, and placed the construction <>f the building under the supervision of Gen. Mont-
gomery C. Meigs, late Quartermaster-General, retired.

228 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 564).

AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in
the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home
shall hereafter consist of the . . . Quartermaster-General, . . .

* * *

February 12, 1884 (23-267) . Clothing and other necessaries maybe issued to desti-
tute persons in the district overflowed by the Ohio River and its tributaries, and tents
used to furnish them temporary shelter. Additional appropriation for this purpose
was made by resolution of February 15, 1884 (23-268).

March 27, 1884 (23-269). Not exceeding $125,000 of the appropriation for the Ohio
sufferers may be used for the relief of destitute persons in the district overflowed by
the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Resolution of June 7, 1884 (23-273) allows,
the same purpose, the unexpended appropriation for the relief of the Ohio sufferers.

Act of July 5, 1884 (23 Stats., 107).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes.

QUARTERMASTER 8 DEPARTMENT.

. . . Provided, That hereafter all purchases of regular and mis-
cellaneous supplies for the Army furnished by the Quartermaster's
Department . . . for immediate use shall be made by the officers
of such Department, under direction of the Secretary of War, at the
places nearest the points where they are needed, the conditions of cost
and quality being equal: Provided also, That all purchases of said
supplies, except in cases of emergency, which must be at once reported
to the Secretary of War for his approval, shall be made by contract
after public notice of not less than ten days for small amounts for
immediate use, and of not less than from thirty to sixty da} r s when-
ever, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, the circumstances of the
case and conditions of the service shall warrant such extension of time.
The award in every case shall be made to the lowest responsible bidder
for the best and most suitable article, the right being reserved to
reject any and all bids. The Quartermaster-General . . . shall
report promptly all purchases of supplies made by his Department,
with their cost price and place of delivery, to the Secretary of War
for transmission to Congress annually: Provided further, That in time
of peace the number of draught and pack animals in the Quartermas-
ter's Department of the Army shall not exceed six thousand, and that
all transportation of stores by private parties for the Army shall be
done by contract, after due legal advertisement, except in cases of
emergency, which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War
for his approval; that the Secretary of War is authorized to appoint,
on the recommendation of the Quartermaster-General, as many post
quartermaster-sergeants, not to exceed eighty, as he may deem neces-
sary for the interests of the service, said sergeants to be selected by
examination from the most competent enlisted men of the Army

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 229

who have served at least four years, and whose character and educa-
tion shall tit them to take charge of public property and to act as
clerks and assistants to post and other quartermasters. Said post
quartermaster-sergeants shall, so far as practicable, perform the duties
of storekeepers and clerks, in lieu of citizen employees. The post
quartermaster-sergeants shall be subject to the rules and articles of
war and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances
as ordnance sergeants.

. . . Provided, That the number of horses purchased under this
appropriation, added to the number actually on hand, shall not at any
time exceed the number of enlisted and Indian scouts in the mounted
service: And provided further, That hereafter all purchases of
horses under appropriations for horses for the cavalry and artillery
and for the Indian scouts shall be made by contract, after legal adver-
tisement, by the Quartermaster's Department, under instructions of
the Secretary of War, the horses to be inspected under the orders of
the General Commanding the Army, and no horse shall be received and
paid for until duly inspected. The Quartermaster-General shall report
to the Secretary of War promptly, for transmission to Congress annually,
all purchases and contracts for horses, mules, and military supplies for
the Army made by his Department.

* * *

. . . Provided, That no expenditure exceeding five hundred
dollars shall be made upon any building or military post without the
approval of the Secretary of War for the same upon detailed estimates
of the Quartermaster's Department, and the erection, construction, and
repairs of all buildings and other public structures in the Quarter-
master's Department shall, so far as may be practicable, be made by
contract, after due legal advertisement. . . .

* * *

June 30, 1886 (24-93). No part of appropriation for barracks and quarters shall be
paid for commutation of fuel, and for quarters to officers or enlisted men.

February 9, 1887 (24-394) No expenditures exceeding $500 to be made on any
building, etc., without approval of the Secretary of War.

June 20, 1888 (25-623). Tents and tent equipage may be loaned to veteran organi-
zations of the Society of the Army of the Potomac on the twenty-fifth anniversary
of the battle of Gettysburg. [J. R. , June 30, 1888 (25-625) , changes ' ' tent equipage
in above to "camp equipage."]

Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 481).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing Jane thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That hereafter no part of this appropriation shall
be expended in the purchase for the Army of draught animals until
the number on hand shall be reduced to five thousand, . . .
* * *

. . . but the cost of construction of quarters at any one post shall
in do case exceed eight hundred dollars, except where a post is situated
at a city of more than fifty thousand inhabitants, the cost of construc-
tion of such quarters may be not to exceed twelve hundred dollars.

* *

March 31, 1890 (26-88). Authorizes purchase of 2,500 tents for the use of the peo-
1>I<- in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi driven from their homes by floods.

230 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

June 13, 1890 (26-163) . The artillery detachment at West Point to be mustered out
and the men immediately reenlisted as army service men in the Quartermaster's
Department.

February 24, 1891 (26-770). Transportation furnished by the Quartermaster's
Department to officers traveling without troops shall be limited to transportation in
kind, not including sleeping or parlor car accommodations, over free roads, over
bond-aided Pacific railroads, and by conveyance belonging to that Department.

July 16, 1892 (27-174)- Sergeants of ordnance to receive the same allowance of
clothing as other sergeants in like staff departments.

July 27, 1892 (27-276) .Specimens of equipments, uniforms, etc., used in battle of
Gettysburg to be delivered to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association.

Post exchanges may use public buildings or-public transportation when, in the
opinion of the Quartermaster-General, not required for other purposes.

Act of March 29, 189 b (28 Stats., 4-7).

AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government.

That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury
Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of
officers or agents, the Quartermaster-General . . . shall certify
to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debit-
ing on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent
intrusted with public property, arising from any loss, accruing by his
fault, to the Government as to the property intrusted to him.
& & &

July 26, 1894 (28-151). Number of men in the detachment of army service men at
the Military Academy may be raised to 150 if deemed by the Secretary of War to be
required.

Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes.

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

. . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill
vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Quartermaster's . . .
Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in
the line of the Army.

* * *

. . . Provided further, . . . That purchases may be made
in open market in the manner common among business men when the
aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but
every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of

War.

* * *

January 16, 1895 (28-627). Strength of detachment of army service men at the
Military Academy, together with the cavalry detachment, not to exceed 215 men.

March 2, 1895 (28-764) . Abolishes section 229, Revised Statutues, requiring annual
statement of contracts for supplies or service.

March 24, 1897 (30-216) . Authorizes purchase of 1,000 tents for the relief of suf-
ferers from the flood in the Mississippi River.

May 27, 1897 (30-220). Authorizes purchase of clothing for the relief of destitute
citizens of the United States in Cuba.

July 19, 1897 (80-224). One thousand tents to be issued for use of Grand Army
encampment at Fort Leavenworth.

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 231

December 18, 1897 {30-226). Transportation to be furnished for stores, etc., for the
relief of persons in the Yukon River Country.

March 19, 1898 {30-737) . Tents may be loaned for use of the thirty-second national
encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Cincinnati.

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stat, 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
United States in time of war, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall
consist of . . . one chief quartermaster, . . . who shall have
. . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the com-
mander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief quartermas-
ter, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . .
The staff of the commander of a brigade shall consist of . . . one
assistant quartermaster, . . . with the rank of captain. . . .

* * *

May 18, 1898 {30-417). Prescribes mode of issuing quartermaster stores for desti-
tute inhabitants of Cuba.

June 7, 1898 {30-433). Suspends, during existing war, certain provisions of law
limiting number of horses and draft animals, etc. The act of March 3,1899(30-1350),
limits suspension to March 1, 1900. Suspension continued to June 30, 1901, by act
of February 24, 1900. (31 .)

Act of July 1, 1898 (30 Stat., 571).

AN ACT to authorize appointment of a military storekeeper in the Army.

That the President is hereby authorized to nominate and, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a military store-
keeper in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army; and all laws
inconsistent herewith are hereby suspended for the purpose of this act
only.

Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 714).
AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the Quartermaster's Department of the Army.

That during the existing war and for a period not exceeding one
year thereafter the Secretary of War may make such distribution of
the duties and labors of the Quartermaster's Department as may be
deemed for the best interests of the service, and may assign a suitable
officer in charge of each of such divisions, and may assign to duty as
special inspectors of the Quartermaster's Department not exceeding
four officers to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of
the department; and such officers and the quartermaster on the staff
of the Commanding General of the Army while so acting shall have
the rank next above that held by them and not above colonel.

Sec. 2. That the President may nominate and, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, may appoint two quartermasters of volun-
teers with the rank of colonel, two quartermasters of volunteers with
the rank of lieutenant-colonel, three quartermasters of volunteers with
the rank of major, and twenty assistant quartermasters of volunteers
with the rank of captain, and the Secretary of War may assign an offi-
cer of the Quartermaster's Department in charge of each principal

232 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

depot of the Quartermaster's Department, not exceeding twelve, to be
selected from the regular and volunteer officers of the Quartermaster's
Department; and such officers while so acting shall have the rank next
above that held by them and not above colonel, and the four principal
assistants of the Quartermaster-General while so acting shall have the
rank of colonel. The Secretary of War may assign such of the said
volunteer quartermasters as may be deemed necessary to duty in the
office of the Quartermaster-General at the various supply depots or
on other important and special work, and may continue such assign-
ments for a period not exceeding one year after the close of the war,
then to be discharged.

Act of July 8, 1898 (30 Stats., 728).

AN ACT to increase the number of post quartermaster-sergeants in the United States

Army.

That the number of post quartermaster-sergeants of the Army be
increased by the addition of twenty-five post quartermaster-sergeants,
to be appointed by the Secretary of War in the manner now provided
by law.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army
of the United States shall consist of ... a Quartermaster's
Department, : Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur

through death, retirement, or other separation from active service, in
the office of storekeeper in the Quartermaster's Department . . ,

respectively, now provided for b} T law, said offices shall cease to exist.

* * *

Sec. 7. That the . . . Quartermaster's Department . . . shall
consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided bj r law: . . .

* * *

Sec. 11. That so much of the act approved July seventh, eighteen
hundred and ninety -eight, as authorizes the assignment of certain offi-
cers of the Quartermaster's . . . departments with increased rank,
and the continuance in service of certain volunteer officers of those
departments for a period of one year after the close of the present war,

is repealed.

* * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in
service, or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *

Thirty quartermasters with the rank of major, and forty assistant
quartermasters with the rank of captain.

* * *

March SO, 1900 (31 ). Provision of section 355, Revised Statutes, waived so far

as refer to erection of buildings at Fort Du Pont, Del., for the shelter of troops.

March 3, 1899 (30-1350). Suspends until March 1, 1900, provisions of law limiting
number of horses and draft animals; amount of printing; services of employees.
Suspension extended to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900. (31 .)

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 233

Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States. .

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States, . . . shall consist of ... a Quartermaster's Depart-
ment: . . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through
death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office
of storekeeper, now provided for by law in the Quartermaster's
Department . . . said office shall cease to exist.

* * *

Sec. 16. That the Quartermaster's Department shall consist of one
Quartermaster-General with the rank of brigadier-general, six assist-
ant quartermasters-general with the rank of colonel, nine deputy
quartermasters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, twenty
quartermasters with the rank of major, sixty quartermasters with the
rank of captain, mounted; the military storekeeper now provided for
by law, and one hundred and fifty post quartermaster-sergeants: Pro-
vided, That all vacancies in the grade of colonel, lieutenant-colonel,
and major created or caused by this section shall be filled* by promo-
tion according to seniority, as now prescribed by law. That to fill
original vacancies in the grade of captain created by this act in the
Quartermaster's Department the President is authorized to appoint
officers of volunteers commissioned in the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight:
Provided further, That the President is authorized to continue in
service, during the present emergency, for duty in the Philippine
Islands and on transports, twenty -four captains and assistant quarter-
masters of volunteers. This authority shall extend only for the period
when their services shall be absolutely necessary.

* * *

Sec. 20. That the grade of veterinarian of the second class in cav-
alry regiments, United States Army, is hereby abolished, and here-
after the two veterinarians authorized for each cavalry regiment and
the one veterinarian authorized for each artillery regiment shall receive
the pay and allowances of second lieutenants, mounted. Such number
of veterinarians as the Secretary of War may authorize shall be em-

Sloyed to attend animals pertaining to the quartermaster's or other
epartments not directly connected with the cavalry and artillery regi-
ments, at a compensation not exceeding one hundred dollars per month.

* * *

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma-
nent appointments in the . . . Quartermaster's Department, . . .
including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of cap-
tain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seven-
teen, twenty -one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted
according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law,
and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies
which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which
the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any
vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall
occur which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section,
it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more per-

234 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

manent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps
after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled.
Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist,
under such system of examination as the President may from time to
time prescribe.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff
corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at
large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall bold office
for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or
department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

Impropriations for the support of the Army for
ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
id t

Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in
the grade of captain in the Quartermaster's Department, . . . may
be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-
first, eighteen hundred and ninety -eight. . . .

VI THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

235

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

The earliest legislation relative to the subsistence of the Army is
found in the resolution of the Continental Congress dated June 16,
1775, creating the office of Commissary-General of Stores and Provi-
sions. The range of duties of that office was so extensive that much
dissatisfaction prevailed with respect to the administration of the
affairs of the department, and Congress, June 10, 1777, instituted a
new system, creating two great branches one under a Commissary -
GeneraJ of Purchases and the other under a Commissary-General of
Issues, the former, by resolution of June 11, "to keep his office in
the place where Congress shall sit." The ordinance of June 17, 1777,
regulating the Clothing Department, placed it in charge of a Clothier-
General, and, April 10, 1782, this officer was directed to receive his
instructions from the War Office. November 25, 1779, the two
departments of purchase and issues, heretofore acting under the
direction and control of a committee of Congress, were placed under
tlif superintendence of the Board of War.

July 10, 1781, Congress directed the Superintendent of Finance to
procure on contract all necessary supplies for the Army, and under
this resolution the commissariat system of subsisting the Army was
discontinued and the methods of contracts for rations adopted in its
stead.

There was no further legislation on the subject of subsistence of the
Army until after the reorganization of the Government under the
Constitution.

The act of March 8, 1792, again devolved upon the Treasury Depart-
ment the duty of making all purchases and contracts for supplying the
Army with provisions, etc., and by the act of February 23, 1795, the
Treasury official charged with that duty was denominated "purveyor
of public supplies." This act was repealed by the law of July 16,
1798, which required all purchases and contracts for supplies to be
made under the direction of the Secretary of War.

The act of March 16, 1802, provided for three militarj' agents and
assistants, whose duty was to purchase, receive, and forward to their
proper destination all military supplies. But the military agency sys-
tem proved to be unsatisfactory and was abolished by the act of March
28, 1812, which created anew the office of Commissary-General of Pur-
chases. This office was abolished by act of August 23, 1842, and its
duties transferred to the Quartermaster's Department.

The act of April 14, 1818, first created the office of Commissary-
General, the incumbent to be appointed as soon as the state of exist-
ing contracts for the subsistence of the Army would permit. The
new system did not, however, go into operation until June 1, 1819.

237

238 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions.
July 19, 1775. Joseph Trumbull.

Commissary-General of Pur climes.

June 18, 1777. Joseph Trumbull.
Aug. 5, 1777. William Buchanan.
Apr. 9, 1778. Jeremiah Wadsworth.
Dec. 2, 1779. Ephraim Blaine.

Commissary-General of Issues.

June 18, 1777. Charles Stewart.

Clothier- General.

Apr. 4, 1777. James Mease.
June 24, 1779. Peter Wikoff.
July 15, 1779. Persifor Frazer.
July 24, 1779. James Wilkinson.
Apr. 17, 1781. John Moylan.

Commissary oj Hides.

June 20, 1777. Peter Philips.

Aug. 5, 1777. George Ewing.

Jan. 28, 1779. John Mehelm (for New Jersey).

Commissary of Purchases.

Aug. 8, 1812. Callender Irvine.
Oct. 11, 1841. J. W. Tyson.

Commissary- General.

Apr. 18, 1818. Col. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., May 30, 1848) George Gibson (Pennsylvania).
Sept. 29, 1861. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Feb. 9, 1863) Joseph P. Taylor (Kentucky).
June 29, 1864. Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865) Amos B. Eaton (New

Hampshire).
June 23, 1874. Brig. Gen. (Bvt, Maj. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865) Alexander E. Shiras

(New Jersey).
Apr. 14, 1875. Brig. Gen. Robert Macfeely (Pennsylvania).
July 10, 1890. Brig. Gen. Beekman du Barry (District of Columbia).
Dec. 22, 1892. Brig. Gen. John P. Hawkins (Indiana).
Oct. 8, 1894. Brig. Gen. Michael R. Morgan (Louisiana) .
Jan. 17, 1897. Brig. Gen. Thomas C. Sullivan (Ohio).
Nov. 14, 1897. Brig. Gen. William H. Bell (Pennsylvania).
Jan. 28, 1898. Brig. Gen. Samuel T. Cushing (Rhode Island).
Apr. 21, 1898. Brig. Gen. William H. Nash (Ohio).
May 3, 1898. Brig. Gen. Charles P. Eagan (Washington Territory).
Dec. 6, 1900. Brig. Gen. John F. Weston (Kentucky).

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

June 1, 1775.

Upon motion, Resolved, That it be recommended to the government
of Connecticut, or the general of the forces of that colony, to appoint
commissaries to receive at Albany and forward the supplies of provi-
sions for the forces on Lake Champlain from the provincial conven-
tion of New York, and that the said convention use their utmost
endeavors in facilitating and aiding the transportation thereof from
thence to where the said commissaries may direct.

June 16, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That there be one Commissary-General of
Stores and Provisions.

That his pay be eighty dollars per month.

July 17, 1775.

Resolved, That a commissary of stores and provisions be appointed
for the New York department during the present campaign.
Walter Livingston, esq., chosen to that office.

July 19, 1775.

lu solved. That Joseph Trumbull be Commissary-General of Stores
and Provisions for the Army of the United Colonies.

July 29, 1775.

/i'rsoltvd, That the pay of the . . . be . . .
Deputy commissary-general of stores and provisions, sixty dollars
per ditto [month].

* *

Iusalrrd. That the . . . Commissary-General . . and

<vr\ of their |his| deputies shall take an oath truly and faithfully to
discharge the duties of their respective stations.

July 31, 1775.

Resolved, That the above-named gentlemen | Messrs. Langdon,
J, Adams, Hopkins. Deane, Clinton, Crane, Franklin, Rodney, John-
son. Henry, liewes, Gadsden, and I Tail | be a committee in the recess
of the Congress to inquire into the cheapest and easiest methods of
making salt in these colonies.

./"/'/.;/./;;.',. Announce* apj)ointiiicnt by Coii^i-chh of Joseph Trumbull as ( 'otn-
mi.-.- ary -< .< n.-ral to the Army of the United Colonies. (Orders, General Jli'iili/mirters,
Cambridge.)

239

240 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August 8, 1775. "The following is the ration of provisions allowed by the Conti-
nental Congress unto each soldier, viz, 1 lb. of fresh beei or f of a lb. of pork or 1 lb.
of salt fish per diem; one pound of bread or flour per diem; 3 pints of peas or beans
per week or vegetables equivalent, at 5s. per bushel for peas or beans; 1 pint of milk
per man per diem when to be had; one-half pint of rice or 1 pint of Indian meal per
man per week; 1 quart of spruce beer per man or 9 gallons of molasses for company
of 100 men; 3 lbs. of candles to 100 men per week for guards, etc. ; 24 lbs. of soft or
8 lbs of hard soap per 100 men per week." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cam-

bridge. )

September U, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That the deputy commissary -general be directed
to pay to Dr. Stringer for the medicines he has purchased for the use
of the Army, and that he purchase and forward such other medicines as
General Schuyler shall, by his warrant, direct for the use of said Army.

September 21, 1775. "The General has thought proper to order and direct that
from the first day of July last there be issued by the Commissary-General the follow-
ing proportion of rations, viz: To each major-general, 15 rations; to each brigadier-
general, 12 rations; to each colonel, 6 rations; to each lieutenant-colonel, 5 rations;
to each major, 4 rations; to each captain, 3 rations; to each subaltern, 2 rations, and
to each staff officer, 2 rations. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

September 23, 1775.

Resolved, That a committee be appointed to purchase a quantity of
woolen goods for the use of the Army to the amount of five thousand
pounds sterling.

That the said goods, when bought, be placed in the hands of the
quartermasters-general of the Continental armies, and that the same be
by them sold out to the private soldiers of said armies at prime cost
and charges, including a commission of five per centum to the said
quartermasters-general for their trouble.

That the committee consist of five.

The ballot being taken and examined, the following members were
chosen:

Mr. Lewis, Mr. Alsop, Mr. Willing, Mr. Deane, and Mr. Langdon.

October 3, 1775.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General contract for such quantities
of beef and pork as may be thought proper by the General, and have
the same salted up in convenient houses near the camp, according to
his scheme recommended by the General to the consideration of the
Congress.

October 5, 1775.

Resolved, That a letter be sent to General Washington to inform
him that Congress, having received certain intelligence of the sailing
of two north-country built brigs of no force from England on the 11th
of August last, loaded with . . . stores for Quebec, without con-
voy, which it being of importance to intercept, desire that he apply to
the council of Massachusetts Bay for the two armed vessels in their
service and despatch the same, with a sufficient number of people,
stores, etc., particularly a number of oars, in order, if possible, to
intercept the said two brigs and their cargoes and secure the same for

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 241

the use of the continent; also any other transports laden with . . .
clothing and other stores, for the use of the ministerial army or navy
in America, and secure them in the most convenient places for the pur-
pose above mentioned. . . .

November 2, 1775.

Resolved, That 3,000 felt hats, 3,000 worsted caps, 3,000 pair of
buckskin breeches, 3,000 pair of shoes, 3,000 pair of yarn stockings,
and 3,000 waistcoats, suitable for the season, be immediately purchased
and sent to the army under the command of General Schuyler, to be
sold to the soldiers at prime cost, including charges of carriage and
five per cent to the deputy quartermaster-general, by whom the said
goods are to be sold.

* * *

Resolved, That as much duffels or kersey as will make three hun-
dree watch coats be purchased and sent to General Schuyler, with
needles and thread, to be made into watch coats, and that these be
charged to the continent and kept for the use of the out centries.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to purchase the
foregoing articles.

The members chosen, Mr. Alsop, Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Sherman.

November 2, 1775. The resolve of this date and those of September 23 and October
23, 1776, relating to clothing belong properly under this head, but Congress, in these
three instances, devolved the duty on the Quartermaster-General.

November 4, 1775.

Resolved, That a ration consist of the following kind and quantity
of provisions:

1 lb. beef, or f lb. pork, or 1 lb. salt fish per day.

1 lb. bread or flour per day.

3 pints of pease or beans per week, or vegetables- equivalent, at one
dollar per bushel for pease or beans.

1 pint of milk per man, or at the rate of fa oi a dollar.

1 naif pint of rice, or 1 pint of Indian meal per man per week.

1 quart of spruce beer or cider per man per day, or nine gallons of
molasses per company of 100 men per week.

3 lb. candles to 100 men per week for guards.

24 lb. soft or 8 lb. hard soap for 100 men per week.

* * *

Resolved, That clothing be provided for the new army by the conti-
nent, and paid for by stoppages out of the soldiers' wages, at If dol-
lars per month; that as much as possible of the cloth for this purpose
be dyed brown, and the distinctions of the regiments made in the
facings.

That a man who brings a good new blanket into the camp be allowed
two dollars therefor, and take it away at the end of the campaign.

Resolved, That in order to supply the Army with provisions, the
Commissary-General be directed to cause cattle and hogs to be driven,
at proper seasons, to the camp, there to be slaughtered and cured,
and as to the articles of bread and flour, that he proceed in the way
that he has done for some time past.

S. Doc. 229 16

242 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

November 8, 1775. "If, upon such a conference [with General Schuyler] it shall
be judged necessary, you are authorized to direct Mr. Livingston, the deputy com-
missary-general, to furnish the necessary provisions for an army of three thousand
men for six months." {Letter of committee to Messrs. R.R.Livingston, Robert Treat
Paine, and J. Langdon, who had been directed to consult urith General Schuyler relative
to number of forces necessary in the Northern Department and Canada.)

November 18, 1775. " The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bul-
locks that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Q. M. Gen-
eral, who is also to provide as many as he can get, and have the whole made into
good powderhorns for the use of the troops." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cam-
bridge.)

December 8, 1775.

Resolved, That Mr. Thomas Lowry be appointed to supply the bat-
talions raised in New Jersey with the rations and other necessaries
allowed them (^%\ of a dollar per ration).

December 24, 1775. "By order of His Excellency General Washington, a board of
general officers sat yesterday in Cambridge and unanimously recommended the fol-
lowing rations to be delivered in the manner hereby directed, viz, corned beef and
pork, four days in a week; salt fish, one day; and fresh beef, two days. As milk
can not be procured during the winter season, the men are to have one pound and a
half of beef or eighteen ounces of pork per day; half pint of rice or a pint of indian
meal per week; one quart of spruce beer per day, or nine gallons of molasses to one
hundred men per week; six pounds of candles to one hundred men per week, for
guards; six ounces of butter or nine ounces of hog's lard per week; three pints of
pease or beans per man per week, or vegetables equivalent, allowing six shillings per
bushel for beans or pease, two and eight pence per bushel for onions, one and four

Eence per bushel for potatoes and turnips; one pound of flour per man each day;
ard bread to be dealt out one day in a week in lieu of flour. The above allowance
is ordered to be issued by the Commissary-General to all the troops of the United
Colonies serving in the department, until the honorable the Continental Congress or
the Commander in Chief thinks proper to alter it." {Orders, General Headquarters,
Cambridge. )

December 26, 1775. Numerous complaints by officers having been made, November
14, 1775, against Commissary-General Trumbull, "first, for not delivering out the
back allowance of pease or the value thereof in money to the officers and men; sec-
ond, for taking in onions at 2s. 6d. and delivering them at 4s. ; third, for taking in
potatoes at Is. 4d. and delivering them out at 2s.," a court-martial was ordered to sit
December 25, 1775. "The court, on mature consideration, beg leave to report to his
excellency that the first articles of the charge is groundless, that the second and
third articles are confessed by the Commissary-General, and, though t e court are
fully satisfied there was not the least design of fraud in Mr. Trumbull, they are
unanimously of opinion that the measure was pernicious and injudicious." {Orders,
General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

December 29, 1775. "The Commissary-General having estimated the value of the
different species of provisions which constitute a ration under the continental allow-
ance, and finding it to amount to seven pence halfpenny lawful money, the General,
having seen the said estimate, approves of it and orders that they be settled with
accordingly." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

January 3, 1776.

Resolved, That the following goods and stores ought to be imported
as soon as possible, for the use of the United Colonies, viz:

60,000 striped blankets.
120,000 yards of 6-4 cloths, brown and blue, from 3s. to 6s. ster.
10,000 yards of do. different colors, for facings, at 4s.
3,000 pieces of duffils, or some such cloth.
100 M sorted needles.
50 M do. none fine.

10 M do. for sailcloth.

3,000 pieces of raven's duck.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 243

3,000 pieces ticklenburgs.
1,500 pieces oznaburgs.
1,000 pieces of vitrey.
4,000 pieces Hamburg dowlas.

* * *

Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered and directed to
pursue the most effectual measures for importing the foregoing articles.

January 10, 1776. Rations were allowed as follows: Colonel, 6; lieutenant-colonel,
5; major, 4; captain, 3. [While this resolve referred directly to line officers, it is
assumed that it governed similar allowances to staff officers.]

January 25, 1776.

Resolved, That Mr. James Mease be appointed a commissary to
supply the battalions ordered to be raised in Pennsylvania with the
articles allowed by Congress; and that he be allowed for his trouble
one and one-fourth per cent in full of all charges for the money passing
through his hands, and that he give security for the just and faithful
expenditure of the same.

That Mr. Lynch and Mr. Allen take the security.

February 17, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the appointment of John Halsted, esq. , to
be commissary for the army before Quebec, be confirmed.

March 29, 1776.

Resolved, That a deputy commissary -general of stores and provisions
be appointed for the army of the United Colonies in Canada.
The ballots being taken and examined,
Mr. J. Price was elected.

April 17, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to import car-
goes of salt on the Continental account, in such ships or vessels as
they employ to carry outward cargoes, and are obliged to insure on
their return.

April 19, 1776.

Resolved, That an immediate supply of . . . shoes and blankets
be furnished for the troops in Virginia, and that proper persons be
appointed to procure them, subject to the orders of Congress already
entered into.

Resolved, That Mr. Ephraim Blaine be appointed to purchase a
quantity of blankets not exceeding 5,000, and also that he be directed
to purchase 5,000 pairs of shoes to be sent to Virginia, to the com-
manding officer at Williamsburgh.

April 7, 1776.

Congress also proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary-
general for supplying the troops in Virginia with rations; and the bal-
lots being taken and examined,

William Aylett, esq. , was elected.

244 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May #4, 1776.

Resolved, That there be allowed to the several persons undermen-
tioned, employed in the Commissary-General's Department, in the
Continental Army, the wages and rations annexed to their names,
respectively, during the time they have been and shall continue in
the service of the United Colonies.

IN THE ISSUING STORE AT CAMBRIDGE.

Charles Miller, issuing storekeeper, 50 dollars per month and 4
rations.

Peter Roe Dalton, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3
rations.

Ebenezer Perry and Thomas Durant, clerks in store, 3s. 4, do. , and
2 rations.

William Brown and Josiah Brown, clerks at scales, 3s. 4, do. , and 2
rations.

Robert Davis, clerk of weekly allowances, 3s. 4, do., and 2 rations.

Eight laborers, one cooper, and one cook, each 2s. 8, lawful money,
a day and 1 ration.

Employed to issue to two brigades.

IN THE STORE AT ROXBURY.

Aaron Blaney, issuing storekeeper, 50 dollars per month and 4
rations.

James Richardson, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3
rations.

Two clerks in store and two at scales, each 3s. 4, do. , and 2 rations.

Six laborers, one cooper, and one cook, each 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration.

Employed to issue to two brigades.

ON PROSPECT HILL.

Peter Philips, issuing storekeeper, 40 dollars a month and 4 rations.
Griffin Green, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations.
One clerk in store and one at scales, each 3s. 4, lawful money, a day
and 2 rations.

One cooper and four laborers, each 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration.
Employed to issue to one brigade.

AT MEDFORD.

Moses Emerson, issuing storekeeper, 40 dollars a month and 4 rations.
Israel Mead, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations.
One clerk in store and one at scales, 3s. 4, do., and 2 rations.
One cooper and four laborers, each 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration.
Employed to issue to one brigade.

IN THE MAGAZINE AT CAMBRIDGE.

Samuel Gray, Reuben Stiles, and Daniel Brown, clerks and maga-
zine keepers, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations.
One cooper, 2s. 8, lawful money, a day and 1 ration.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 245

IN THE MAGAZINE AT ROXBURY.

Jabez Porter and James Jauncey Pendleton, clerks and magazine
keepers, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations.

One cooper, 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration.

Joseph Farnsworth, commissary to Colonel Arnold's detachment,
returned from Fort Halifax, 10, lawful money, a month and 3 rations
per day.

Joseph Thomas, employed constantly in riding to collect stores,
procure teams, etc. , himself and horse, 8s. , lawful money, a day and 3
rations.

William Herkins and Elisha Avery, principal bookkeepers and
payers of small bills, 10, lawful money, a month and 3 rations per
day.

Resolved, That an addition of 40 dollars a month be made to the pay
of the Commissary-General.

June 3, 1776.

Resolved, That the Commander in Chief be authorized to form and
fix such magazines of provisions . . . as he may judge necessary.

June S, 1776.

Resolved, That the deputy commissaries-general, . . . make
regular returns and reports to Congress and to the respective officers
to whom they are deputies at least once a month, and that the princi-
pals also make returns to Congress at the same periods.

June 13, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to stop the exporta-
tion of any salted provisions which they may have ordered to be made
from New York.

June 19, 1776.

AYW/vy/, That it be recommended to the assemblies and conventions
of the United Colonies forthwith to cause a suit of clothes of which
the waistcoat and breeches may be made of deer leather (if to be had
on reasonable terms), a blanket, felt hat, two shirts, two pairs of hose,
and two pairs of shoes to be manufactured, or otherwise procured at
reasonable rates, in their respective colonies, for each soldier of the
American Army enlisted therein for the present campaign, and that
the same be baled, invoiced, and stored in suitable places, to be deliv-
ered to the order of Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the
.American Army.

July 6, 1776.

Resolved, That Carpenter Wharton be appointed commissary, to
supply with rations the militia who are immediately to march from
Pennsylvania to New Jersey, until the Commissary-General shall order
otherwise.

246 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY.

July 8, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the Commissary-General have full power
to supply both armies that upon the lakes as well as that in New
York and also to appoint and employ such persons under him, and
to remove any deputy commissary, as he shall judge proper and
expedient, it being absolutely necessary that the supply of both armies
should be under one direction.

July 31, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the delegates of that State [North Carolina]
employ some proper person, as a commissary, to purchase in this city,
or the neighborhood thereof, clothing for the troops raised in that
State for the Continental service.

August 2, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the Commissary-General and deput3 T com-
missaries in the several departments be directed to transmit to Con-
gress weekly an account of the sums of money they may respectively
receive from the paymasters.

* * *

That the Commissary - General, . . . deputy commissaries,
. . . be directed to make monthly returns, at least, of the stores
under their direction, and the distribution of them.

August 28, 1776.

Resolved, That 500 pounds of gunpowder be delivered to the said
Mease and Caldwell for the purpose of procuring deerskins to make
breeches for the soldiery in the service of the United States; they to
be accountable.

That the secret committee be directed to fall upon proper ways and
means of procuring a further supply of deerskins, for the like purpose,
from Georgia and South Carolina.

August 29, 1776.

That George Measam, esq., be continued in the office of superin-
tendent commissary of stores, except artillery stores, for the northern
army, with the pay of 33 dollars per month.

September 14, 1776. Deputy Commissary Armstrong accepted his appointment.
September 23, 1776.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways and
mens for providing clothing . . . for the Army.

The members chosen, Mr. II. H. Lee, Mr. Wythe, and Mr. R. Morris."

September 21>, 1776.

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to devise ways and
means for effectually providing the northern army with provisions.

The members chosen, Mr. Rush, Mr. Hall, Mr. Chase, Mr. Johnson,
and Mr. Stockton.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 247

September 25, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That a committee of Congress, consisting of
one delegate from each State, be appointed, with authority to employ
proper persons to purchase, in their respective States, a sufficient num-
ber of blankets and woolens tit for soldiers' clothes, and that they take
the most effectual and speedy methods for getting such woolens made
up and distributed among the regular Continental Army in such pro-
portions as will best promote the public service, and that they also pur-
chase all other necessary clothing for the soldiers in such proportion
as they judge, upon the best information, will be wanted. . . .

That Mr. J. Mease . . . use the utmost diligence in buying,
collecting, and getting made immediately as many more of those arti-
cles [white shirts, shoes, and stockings] as possible, making weekly
returns to Congress of what he obtains.

* * *

Resolved, That the commissaries ... in the several depart-
ments be directed to apply to Mr. Mease for such articles of clothing,
camp equipage, and other utensils which they may want to purchase
in the State of Pennsylvania for the use of the Army.

Congress then proceeded to the appointment of the committee, when
the following gentlemen were chosen, viz:

Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Paine, Mr. Ellery, Mr. Williams, Mr. Floyd, Mr.
Stockton, Mr. Ross, Mr. McKean, Mr. Paca, Mr. Wythe, Mr. Hewes,
Mr. Middleton, and Mr. Hall.

October 8, 1776.

Resolved, That for the further encouragement of the noncommis-
sioned officers and soldiers who shall engage in the service during the
war a suit of clothes be annually given each of the said officers and
soldiers, to consist, for the present year, of two linen hunting shirts,
two pairs of overalls, a leathern or woolen waistcoat with sleeves, one
pair of breeches, a hat or leathern hat, two shirts, two pairs of hose,
and two pairs of shoes, amounting, in the whole, to the value of twenty
dollars. . . .

October 9, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That a commissary of clothing be appointed for
each of the armies of the United States, whose duty shall be to make
constant returns to the assemblies or conventions of the respective
States of the clothing wanted for their several regiments, to receive
and pay for the same, to deliver it to the paymasters of the respective
regiments. . . .

That the Commissary-General be empowered to appoint as many
conductors for the commissary of stores and assistants to the commis-
sary of clothing as he shall, from time to time, judge necessary, and
report their names to Congress.

That there be a deputy commissary of stores for the Army at New
York, with the pay of thirty dollars a month.

October 10, 1776.

/it solved* That three members be added to the committee of cloth-
ing, in the room of (hose who sire absent.
The members chosen, Mr. Witherspoon, Mr. Stone, and Mr. Penn.

248 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

October 11, 1776.

Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint a
deputy commissary of stores for the army near New York.

October 16, 1776.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of clothing for
the northern army; and, the ballots being taken,

George Measam was elected.

Resolved, That George Measam be allowed the pay and rations of a
major in the Continental service.

* * *

Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint a
commissary of clothing for the Army under his immediate com-
mand. . . .

October 17, 1776.

Resolved, That a commissary be appointed to supply the battalion
commanded by Colonel Mackay with provisions.
The ballots being taken,
Ephraim Blaine, esq., was elected.

October 21, 1776.

Resolved, That the deputy commissary-general in Virginia be
directed to make contracts for the supply of the troops in that depart-
ment, provided they can be made at a rate not exceeding eight pence,
Virginia currency, a ration, the contractors to have the use of the
public wagons on any motion or march of the Army from the place or
places where stationed.

That the commander in chief of each department be empowered, at
the instance of the Commissary-General or his deputies, to employ as
many persons under him or them at such salary or wages as he shall
think adequate and as he may think the service from time to time
requires.

Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers
on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled,
be as follows, and that the deputy commissary of Virginia be informed
thereof:

To the deputy commissary -general, 6 rations; . . . that the
deputy commissary-general of Virginia be allowed his reasonable
travelling charges. . . .

October 22, 1776.

The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at Ports-
mouth in the brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the
following articles, viz: . . . 4 to 500 jackets, 100 knapsacks, 100
leggins, ... 2 bales of woolens, 1 bale of linens, . . .

Whereupon,

Resolved, That . . . 100 knapsacks, 100 leggins, ... be
sent to the Northern Army, under General Schuyler and General Gates.

That the jackets, if fit for soldiers, be sent to the Northern
Army. . . .

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 249

That the two bales of woolens be made up into soldiers' clothes for
the Northern Araiy.

That the bale of linens, if fit for soldiers' shirts or other purposes
for the Army, be made up and sent to the Northern Army. . . .

November 4,, 1776.

Resolved, That clothing be provided for the new Army by the Con-
tinent and paid for by stoppages out of the soldier's wages at If dol-
lars per month; that as much as possible of the cloth for this purpose
be dyed brown and the distinctions of the regiments made in the
facings.

That a man who brings a good new blanket into the camp be allowed
two dollars therefor, and take it away at the end of the campaign.

Resolved, That in order to supply the Army with provisions the
Commissary-General be directed to cause cattle and hogs to be driven,
at proper seasons, to the camp, these to be slaughtered and cured, and
as to the articles of bread and flour that he proceed in the way that
he has done for some time past.

November 19, 1776.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General or his deputies make weekly
returns of all rations issued or paid to the officers and privates of any
regiment, troop, or company in the service of the States to the Adjutant-
General or his deputies, to be by him inserted in the general returns
of the Army and transmitted to Congress monthly.

November 22, 1776.

Resolved, That the commissaries in each department be directed to
employ proper persons to take immediate charge of the hides and tal-
low in their respective districts, that the former may be tanned into
leather or, at least, so far cured as to prevent their being spoiled, and
the latter rendered into kegs or casks, that there be no waste of those
valuable articles, but that they may be stored for the use of the con-
tinent and be subject to the orders of Congress, and that said commis-
saries be strongly urged to pay due attention to this resolve, it being
a matter of considerable importance.

November 22, 1776. Messrs. Paca, of Maryland; Ross, of Pennsylvania, and Wither-
spoon, of New Jersey, were constituted a committee to repair to General Washington's
headquarters to confer with and assist him in improving the present state of the Army,
which, owing to past and future disbandments, may be met by a largely superior
force.

November 26, 1776.

L'.snlrxf. That Mr. Mease, the Continental commissary in the city
of Philadelphia, be directed to go to the several shops and stores in the
said city and purchase for the use of the Army of the United States
such articles as are necessary for them at this and the approaching
season of the year, and that he be empowered to employ as many per-
sons as he shall judge necessary to assist him in this service.

That the council of safety of Pennsylvania be requested, with all
possible expedition, to cause application to be made to the housekeepers
and others in the said State for as many blankets and woolen stockings

250 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

as each can spare for the use of the soldiers under the immediate com-
mand of General Washington in New Jersey, and that they be deliv-
ered as fast as collected to Mr. Mease, the Continental commissary.

That it be recommended to the said council of safety to appoint per-
sons to appraise the blankets and woolen stockings so collected, as
aforesaid, that the value of them may be paid.

November 27, 1776.

A letter from Mr. Ross, Mr. Paca, and Mr. Witherspoon was read,
informing that they have been appointed an assistant . . . com-
missary, to provide for a number of sick and take care of stores sent
to Princeton.

Ordered, That the President inform them that Congress approves
of the appointments.

November 28, 1776.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General be empowered to import
such quantities of rice from the Southern States as he shall think
necessary for the use of the Army.

November 29, 1776. Congress ordered that a garden be kept on the grounds of
hospitals on Mount Independence to supply vegetables for the Army.

December 1, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to appoint one or

more trusty person to proceed to the Eastern States, . . . and

that the said person or persons have power to purchase, or cause to

be purchased, such necessary clothing as can be procured in those

States, ...

* * *

Resolved, . . . That Mr. J. Mease be directed to purchase all
the hats and caps he can procure proper for soldiers, and to employ
as great a number of taylors as possible in making up clothes for
soldiers. ...

December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, Congress ordered that
the clothing in and near Philadelphia be put under control of General Putnam, who
was charged with the defense of the city.

December 21, 1776.

Resolved, That proper magazines of provision.* for the Army be
immediately formed in or near Philadelphia. . . .

December 24, 1776. The magazines provided for by resolve of December 21 were
to be magazines of provisions. The report, if any was made under this resolve,
does not appear to be of record.

December 26, 1776.

Resolved, That J. Trumbull, esq. , be empowered to import, at the
Continental risk, from Virginia and Maryland and the other Southern
States, such quantities of flour and other provisions as he may judge
necessary for the support of the Army.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 251

December 27, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to
appoint ... a clothier-general for supplying the Army, to fix
their salaries, and return their names to Congress.

December 28, 1776.

Resolved, That in the opinion of Congress the Northern Army may
be supplied more advantageous^ and conveniently in the present mode
of the Commissary-General's governing himself by such regulations
as have been and may be from time to time ordained by the General
or Commander in Chief than by contractors.

December 30, 1776.

Resolved, That a letter be written to General Washington desiring
him to order the clothier-general to send agents into each State to buy
up linens and other clothing proper for the soldiery; . . . and that
they be severally directed to apply to the States to afford all necessary
assistance therein. . . .

December 80, 1776. It appearing extremely difficult, if not impracticable, to sup-
ply the Army with bacon, salt beef, pork, soap, tallow, and candles, Congress resolved:
That none of the said articles, except such as may be necessary for the crew of any
ship or vessel, be exported from any of the United States after the 5th of January,
1777, until the first day of November next, or until Congress shall take further action
therein."

December 31, 1776. Congress desired General Washington to order the clothier-
general to send agents into each State to buy up linen and other clothing proper for
soldiery.

January 8, 1777.

Resolved, . : . That Colonel Morgan appoint a proper person
deputy commissary for providing and taking care of the provisions
for the garrisons upon the western frontiers of Virginia and to take
care of the provisions and other Continental stores laid up at those
places, for Indian expeditions and other public purposes.

January SO, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the salary of Mr. Commissary Aylett . . .
be augmented to the sum of 75 dollars per month. . . .

February 5, 1777.

Rrsolrnf. Thai William Aylett, esq., deputy commissar} -general, be
directed forthwith to purchase, with as much secrecy as possible, and
lay up in proper magazines, convenient to water carriage, under the
care and management of trusty storekeepers, a quantity of good mer-
chantable indian corn, not exceeding 10,000 barrels.
* * *

AV.sy///vv/, That the commissioners at the ( Jourt of F ranee be directed
to use their utmost endeavors to send, without delay, 80,000 blankets,
40,000 complete suits of clothes for soldiers, of green, blue, and brown

252 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF TJ. S. ARMY.

colors, with suitable facings and cloth of the same colors, with trim-
mings sufficient for 40,000 suits more, 100,000 pairs of stockings fit for
soldiers, ... to such parts of the United States as the secret
committee shall direct; . . .

February 12, 1777.

Resolved, That General Schuyler be empowered to make the most
advantageous use of the salt springs mentioned in his letter of the 23d
of January last; to employ proper persons, skilled in making salt, and
to purchase boilers and other things necessary for the purpose.

March 12, 1777.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the legislatures, or, in their
recess, to the executive powers of each of the United States, to cause
assessments of blankets to be made, in order to furnish their several
quotas of soldiers with an article so necessary to defend them from the
inclemency of the weather and damp air in their encampments, and
that all blankets to be obtained in this manner be valued to a just and
reasonable price, and paid for by the States, respectively, to be repaid
by the United States, and that the legislatures, or, in their recess, the
executive power, do cause money to be put into the hands of a proper
officer in every county, district, or township in order that such blankets
may be paid for, without delay or trouble, to the householders on
whom the assessments shall be made.

March 31, 1777.

Congress having received advice that the ship Mercury, of Nantz, is
arrived at Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, with a cargo for the United
States, consisting of ... 48 bales of woolens, 9 bales of hand-
kerchiefs, thread, cottons, and printed linens, 2 cases of shoes, 1 box
of buttons and buckles, 1 box of lawns, and one case of needles and silk

neckcloths,

* * *

Ordered, That the secret committee deliver . . . the remainder
of the cargo [as above] to the clothier-general or his order.

April 1, 1777.

Resolved, That Ephraim Blaine, esq. , be appointed commissary for
supplying with provisions the troops now in the county of Cumber-
land, in Pennsylvania, and such as may hereafter march through that
county, as well as the artificers and troops who shall be employed in
the magazine and laboratory to be erected at Carlisle.

April 1>, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the issuing commissaries be obliged to
deliver monthly to the Commissary-General of Musters an abstract of
the rations drawn or retained by the several regiments.

April 4, 1777. General Washington, agreeably to the powers vested in him, lately
appointed James Mease clothier-general for the American Army.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 253

April 18, 1777.

Resolved, That a member be added to the Committee on the Commis-
sary's Department. ...

The member chosen, Mr. Roberdeau.

* * *

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to devise ways and
means of supplying the Army with fresh beef on the most reasonable
terms.

The members chosen, Mr. Burke, Mr. Sherman, Mr. L. Morris, Mr.
R. H. Lee, and Mr. Rumsey.

April 18, 1777. John Armstrong, who was appointed brigadier-general March 1,
1770, resigned April 4, 1777, and, in the absence of a regular inspector, was requested
by Congress to inspect the magazines of provisions under the care of Commissary
Wharton, authorizing him to call on the commissaries for all necessary information,
and, if he found the magazines in a perishing or neglected state, to take proper steps
for their regulation. Commissary Wharton and his deputies were ordered to pay
due obedience to his directions.

April 19, 1777.

Resolved, That three members be added to the said committee [on the
commissary's department]. . . .

The members chosen, Mr. Duane, Mr. W. Smith, and Mr. Gerry.

April 21, 1777.

Resolved, That James Mease, clothier-general, be directed to deliver
to General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the cloth
in his possession fit for tents.

April 23, 1777.

Resolved, That the Committee on the Commissary's Department and
the committee appointed to devise means for supplying the Army with
fresh beef be consolidated, and that Mr. Trumbull be directed to con-
fer with the said committee.

May 3, 1777.

Resolved, That Christopher Ludwig be appointed superintendent of
bakers and director of baking in the Grand Army of the United States;
that he have power to license, with the approbation of the Commander
in Chief or officer commanding at any principal post, all persons to be
employed in this business, and to regulate their pay, making proper
report of his proceedings, and using his best endeavors to rectify all
abuses in the article of bread.

That no person be permitted to exercise the trade of baker in the
said Army without such license; and that he receive for his services
herein an allowance of 75 dollars a month and two rations a day.

May 8, 1777.

Ordered, . . . That the said [secret] committee furnish the
clothier-general with copies of the invoices of all clothing and articles
that relate to his department | recently imported from France], that
he may give the proper orders relative thereto.

254 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

May U, 1777.

Resolved, . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in
any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities
of forage and for and during such times as they shall think proper, to
the . . . Commissary-General and his deputies . . . Pro-
vided, alwaj^s, That if any of the officers above mentioned, their depu-
ties, or assistants should be allowed forage in consequence of any
general orders hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any
or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in
such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really
have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as
back allowance or any money in lieu thereof.

May 30, 1777. "The Commissary-General is to adopt every means in his power
to provide vinegar for the use of the Army. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Mid-
dlebrook. )

June 3, 1777.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways
and means for supplying the United States with salt.

The members chosen, Mr. J. B. Smith, Mr. Marchant, and Mr.
Frost.

sfc * *

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways
and means for supplying the Army with shoes, hats, and shirts.
The members chosen, Mr. Sherman, Mr. Clark, and Mr. J. B. Smith.

June 7, 1777.

Resolved, That the clothier-general furnish each noncommissioned
officer and soldier enlisted in the Army of the United States, to serve
three years or during the war, with the articles of clothing enumerated
by a resolution of Congress of the 8th October last, or other clothing
of equal value, notwithstanding the same cost more than 20 dollars.

June 10, 1777.

Resolved, 1. That for supplying the Army of the United States with
provisions, one Commissary-General and four deputy commissaries-
general of purchases, and one commissary -general and three deputy
commissaries-general of issues, be appointed by Congress.

II. That each of the said commissaries and deputy commissaries be
authorized to appoint for himself one clerk.

III. That the deputy commissaries-general have authority to appoint
as many assistant commissaries to act under them as may from time to
time be necessary, and the same to displace at pleasure, making returns
thereof to the commissaries-general, respectively, who shall have full
power to limit their numbers, to displace such as they shall think disquali-
fied for the trust, and direct their respective deputy commissaries-gen-
eral to appoint others in their stead; that special care be taken by the
officers empowered as aforesaid to appoint none but persons of prob-
ity, capacity, vigilance, and attachment to the United States, and the
cause they are engaged in, and to make returns to the Board of War,
the Commander in Chief, aud the commander of the respective depart-

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 255

ments, of the assistant commissaries by them respectively appointed,
their several places of abode, the time of their appointment and dis-
mission, and the post, place, magazine, or district to which they are
severally assigned; and that the deputy commissaries-general of pur-
chases and issues in the same district make similar returns to each
other.

IV. That the commissary -general of purchases shall superintend the
deputy commissaries-general of purchases, and assign to each a separate
district, who shall constantly reside therein, and not make any pur-
chases beyond the limits thereof; and every purchaser employed therein
shall also have a certain district assigned to him by the respective
deputy commissary -general, in which he shall reside, and be} T ond the
limits of which he shall not be permitted to make any purchases, unless
by special order of his superior, directing the quantity and quality of
provisions so to be purchased beyond his limits, and informing such
purchaser of the prices given by the stationed purchaser in the district
to which he may be sent.

V. That the commissary -general of purchases shall direct the deputy
commissaries-general in their respective districts to inform themselves
and assistant, as nearly as may be, of the prices for which the articles
which they are to procure may be purchased, and that neither they
nor any of the said assistants employed under their direction exceed
such prices; and if anj^ deputy commissary -general of purchases shall
neglect his duty, or be guilty of any fraud or misconduct in his office,
the Commissary-General may suspend him, and shall immediately cer-
tify the same to Congress, with the reasons for such suspension, and
appoint a person to act in his stead, with all the powers of a deputy
commissary -general, until the sense of Congress shall be known thereon.

VI. That the present Commissary-General, by himself or his depu-
ties, deliver unto the commissar}^ -general of issues, or his deputies or
assistants, all and every kind of provisions and other public stores in
the Commissary-General's Department, that are now, or at the time
such delivery shall be made, may be, in any of the posts, places, mag-
azines, and storehouses belonging to the United States, taking dupli-
cate receipts for the same, one set whereof, together with a general
return of all stores so delivered, to be sent to the Board of Treasury,
that the commissary-general of issues may be charged therewith.

VII. That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of pur-
chases, with the assistance of the deputy commissaries-general and
assistant commissaries-general of purchases, to purchase all provisions
and other necessaries allowed, or which may hereafter be allowed by
( ongress to the troops of the United States, and deliver the same to
the commissary -general of issues or his deputies or assistants in such
quantities, and at such places or magazines as the Commander in Chief
or the commander in the respective department shall direct.

VIII. That the commissary-general of issues shall direct the respec-
tive deputy commissaries-general to station one of their assistants at
every fort, post, place, or magazine where provisions are or may be
stored.

IX. That the commissary -general of purchases shall furnish each of
the deputy commissaries-general and assistants with a hook in which
i- to be entered every purchase by them respectively made, and that
all the accounts may be kept in the same form, he shall cause the
pages of such book to be divided into ten columns in the first of

256 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

which shall be entered the year, month, and day in which any purchase
is made; in the second, the names of the persons from whom; in the
third, in what place; in the fourth, the species and quantity of pro-
visions, and if live stock, the number, color, and natural marks; in
the fifth, the artificial marks and number; in the sixth, the prices; in
the seventh, the amount of the purchase money; in the eighth, ninth,
and tenth, the weight of the meat, hides, and tallow of the live stock,
as hereafter directed; and the commissary-general of issues shall fur-
nish each of the issuing deputy commissaries-general and assistants
with a similar book, in which shall be entered all provisions received
by them from the purchasers, respectively, the first column to contain
the time of receiving such provisions; the second, the name of the pur-
chaser, and in each of the other columns the entries before directed.

X. That each purchaser shall enter, in different pages of the said
book, each species of provisions by him purchased, and, at the end of
every month, shall foot and transfer the said entries to a general
account, specifying the quantity, amount, and average cost of each
article, and shall also, in the course of the next succeeding month, send
a copy of such account to the respective deputy commissaries-general,
who shall thereupon make out a monthly return of all the provisions
purchased in his district, specifying the quantity, amount, and average
cost of each species, as before directed, together with a copy of each
purchaser's accounts, to the board of war and commissary-general of
purchases within the time limited as aforesaid.

XI. That the purchasing commissaries shall deliver live stock and
other provisions required by the commissary or several deputy com-
missaries-general of issues at such place as they shall respectively
direct.

XII. That the deputy commissary -general of purchases in each dis-
trict shall specially appoint one or more assistants to purchase live
stock, who shall cause to be branded on the horns of all cattle by them
purchased the number and initial letter of their names, respectively,
and shall also have power to employ drovers and a person at each
place to which they may respectively be directed to send cattle, to
receive, kill, and deliver the same, as hereafter directed.

XIII. That each drove of live stock, or quantity of provisions, or
other stores that may be sent to an} r post, place, or magazine by any
purchaser shall be accompanied with duplicate invoices taken from
the entries directed to be made in the books of the purchasing com-
missaries, one of which, together with the live stock or other stores,
shall be delivered at such post, place, or magazine, to the person
appointed to receive live stock or to the issuing commissaries, respec-
tively, who, on the other hand, shall give his receipt for the articles
received, to be transmitted to the purchaser by the person delivering
the eaid articles: Provided, That if any live stock under the care of
the drover shall be wanted at any other post than that to which they
were ordered the purchaser's deputy at such post may detain them,
taking a copy of the invoice as far as it respects the live stock detained
and giving nis receipt for the same on the back of the said invoice,
specifying their marks and numbers, and the person to whom the
residue may be delivered shall give his receipt therefor on the same
invoice, and detain the other for his use as aforesaid.

XIV. That each drove of live stock shall be killed under the direc-
tion of the purchaser's deputy receiving the same, who shall weigh and

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 257

deliver the meat to the commissary of issues of the respective posts,
together with duplicates of the invoice left by the drover, entering in
the eighth column the weight of the quarters of the several creatures;
in the ninth, the weight of the hide; in the tenth, the weight of the
tallow, and at the foot of each invoice the number of neads and
tongues; and the commissary of issues shall indorse his receipt on one
of the invoices and deliver it to the deputy aforesaid, who shall return
it to the purchaser as his voucher and to enable him to fill up the
eighth, ninth, and tenth columns of the entries in his book, and the
other shall be kept by the issuing commissary for his own use.

XV. That the commissary -general of purchases shall contract, by
himself or the respective deputy commissaries-general, with one or
more persons in each district to make or supply a sufficient quantity
of vinegar for the use of the Army.

XVI. That the deputy commissaries-general of purchases take special
care to procure full supplies of vegetables, as being essentially neces-
sary to the health of the Army; and they are respectively empowered
and directed, with the advice of the commander in chief or commander
of the respective district, to hire land therein, and raise such quanti-
ties of vegetables as are wanted and can not be otherwise procured for
the Army; and for this purpose to employ suitable persons to conduct
and laborers to assist in carrying on the said business.

XVII. That the commissary -general of purchases shall, from time
to time, apply to Congress for all the money wanted in his depart-
ment, and shall make the necessary advances to the respective deputy
commissaries-general, calling them to account as often as he shall judge
it necessary; and the deputy commissaries-general shall, in like man-
ner, make advances of the money received of the said commissary-
general to their respective assistants, and call them to account as
aforesaid.

XVIII. That the commissary and deputy commissaries-general of
purchases and issues shall respectively be accountable for the conduct
of the officers of their own appointment, and all the accounts of pur-
chases and issues shall, once in six months, be settled by the respective
commissaries-general with the proper commissioners of accounts;
each account of purchases to be vouched by the several bills and
receipts of the venders, specifying the cost, and the receipts of the
i -suing commissaries, showing the delivery of all articles therein
charged; and each account of issues by the victualling returns here-
after directed to be made, and receipts for all provisions charged
therein as rations, or sent by the respective issuing commissary to any
other; and the commissaries-general shall produce the monthly returns
of the several purchasing ana issuing commissaries, to be used by the
commissioners in adjusting their respective accounts.

XIX. That the commissaries-general of purchases and issues and
their respective deputies, for neglect of duty or other offences in their
respective offices, shall be subject to military arrest and trial, by order
of the Commander in Chief or any general officer commanding a divi-
sion of the Army, post, or department where such neglect of duty or
offence may happen; and the respective assistants of the deputy com-
missaries-general of purchases and issues shall, for the same causes, be
liable to military arrest as commissioned officers in the Army by any
general officer or any officer commanding a detached post to which such
assistants may !>< assigned.

S. Doc. 229 17

258 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

XX. That the commissaiy -general of issues shall superintend the
respective deputy commissaries-general and assign to each a separate
district, and have full powers to suspend them and appoint others for
a time, as already appointed for the commissary -general of purchases.

XXI. That every issuing commissary shall enter in distinct pages
of the book mentioned in the ninth article each species of provisions
or other stores received by him, including the provisions delivered by
other issuing commissaries or the present Commissary-General, and the
same entries shall be made with respect to these as therein are directed
when provisions are received from the purchasers, excepting that the
prices and cost of articles delivered by the said commissaries may be
omitted.

XXII. That every issuing commissary shall be furnished with a book
of issues, in which he shall open a separate account with each regiment,
corps, or detachment to which he may issue or commissaiy to which
he may send or deliver provisions; and each page thereof shall be
divided into columns, in the first of which shall be entered the time of
delivery, in the second the name of the officer upon whose return pro-
visions are issued or by whom sent to any other issuing commissary,
in the third the number of rations, and in other separate columns the
several quantities of each species of provisions delivered as rations or
sent to the commissaries as aforesaid. And on the last day of every
month he shall foot the said accounts and also all the accounts of provi-
sions received and entered in the book mentioned in the preceding
article.

XXIII. That every issuing commissary shall take duplicate receipts
for each quantity of provisions and stores by him sent to an} T post,
place, or magazine, agreeably to the form of the entries directed to be
made in the book of issues, one of which he shall deliver to the officer
or person employed to deliver said provisions or stores; and the issu-
ing- commissary at such post, place, or magazine, or at any intermediate
post, who may receive such provisions or stores or any part thereof,
shall certify the quantity on the back of the said receipt, which the
officer or person who delivered the provisions shall return to the com-
missary that sent them as his voucher; and in cases of deficiency the
commissary who sent the provisions shall credit the commissary to
whom they were directed for the quantity lost, if the same has been
placed to his debit, and shall charge twice the amount thereof to the
account of the officer or person employed to deliver it, and shall also
transmit a copy of the said account to the paymaster or deputy pay
master-general in the district, who shall send to the issuing commissary
a receipt for such account, to be produced by him on settlement, and
shall also deduct the amount thereof from the pay of the delinquent
and credit the United States therefor: Provided, That if any provi
sions or stores shall be lost by unavoidable accident and the same i.
proved by sworn evidences before the commanding officer of the post
from or to which such provisions or stores were sent, his certificate,
with the proof annexed, shall authorize the commissary to cancel such
charge.

XXIV. That no provisions be issued to any person but by the writ-
ten order of the Commander in Chief, the commander of any depart-
ment, the Quartermaster-General, any of his deputies or assistants, the
commanding officer of a post, describing the person in whose favor
such order shall be given, or upon a return signed by the commanding

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 259

officer of a corps or detachment thereof, whether commissioned or non-
commissioned, or by the regimental quartermaster.

XXV. That when any troops are ordered to quit a post and the issu-
ing commissary remains at such post, the respective commanding
officers of the several regiments or corps shall call on the issuing com-
missary for a certificate specifying the day to which they were vict-
ualled, inclusively; and in case detachments of different regiments or
corps are made, the commanding officer of such detachments shall pro-
cure a certificate from the commissary, in which shall be inserted the
days to which the different troops of which his detachment may be
composed were victualled, and the next and every subsequent provision
return for such detachment shall distinguish the corps out of which it
is formed and the number of each corps, to the end that the commissary
may charge each corps with the provision issued to it; and if any com-
missary at an}' other post shall victual any corps or detachment com-
prehended in the foregoing description before such certificates are
produced he shall charge the officer commanding the same with twenty
da} T s' provision for the whole number of men under his care and make
return thereof to the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general
in the district, who shall make the proper stoppages, and also to the
Board of Treasury, who shall charge him therefor: Provided, That if
such certificates be procured and delivered within thirty days after the
first drawing of such provisions without certificate, the Commissary-
General shall cancel the charge, keeping the certificate as a voucher
for so doing: Provided also, That notwithstanding such certificate
may be produced, if it shall appear that the officer commanding any
corps or detachment has drawn more provision than the corps or
detachment was entitled to, he shall stand charged the double quantity
so overdrawn.

XXVI. That every issuing commissary shall take receipts for the
number of rations and for so much of every species of provisions as
he may issue.

XXVII. That every issuing commissary, on the last drawing day
preceding the last drawing day of every month, shall victual the troops
up to the last day of the month, inclusive; and if provisions should be
ordered for troops going on detachments, for such time as would run
beyond that day, two returns shall be made out, one to the last day of
the month, inclusive, and one from the first day of the month, inclusive,
to the time ordered.

XXVIII. That every issuing commissary shall number the provi-
sion returns, and endorse the same with the date thereof and the
number of men victualled, and put the returns of each detachment or
corps on separate files, each to contain the returns of a month for such
corps or detachment.

XXIX. That wherever any capital magazine shall be established,
the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of the department,
shall order storehouses to be built, and a barrack for fifty men, and
the same to be enclosed with a stockade.

XXX. That whenever any provisions or stores in any of the maga-
zines become so damaged as to threaten a total loss of all such damaged
provisions, tin; commissary of issues to whose care such provisions
may be committed shall make return thereof immediately to the
deputy commissary-general of issues, who is to apply to the Com-
mander in Chief, or some general officer, to order a court of enquiry,

260 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

who shall thereupon grant one, and such provisions as may by the
court be condemned shall be sold at public vendue, under the direc-
tion of the deputy commissary-general of issues, public notice being
given of such sale by advertisements at least ten days before the day
of sale, unless the court should determine that the same ought to be
sold at an earlier day.

XXXI. That every assistant commissary of issues shall, within six
days after the last day of every month, make a return to the deputy
commissary -general of the district of all provisions and stores in his
magazine or store at the last preceding return; of all provisions by
him received in the preceding month; from whom and whence; of
what he has issued, specifying the regiment and corps and the number
of rations and the quantity of each species of provisions drawn by the
same, and of what remains in store.

XXXII. That each deputy commissary -general of issues shall, from
the monthly returns of the assistant commissaries, make out a general
return for the district, specifying what remained in the magazines or
stores at the last return, what has been received since, the number of
rations and quantity of provisions issued, and what remains in store,
distinguishing the several posts, places, magazines, and regiments, or
corps as aforesaid; one to be sent to the Board of War, one to the Com-
mander in Chief, one to the commander of the department, one to the
commissary -general of purchases, and one to the commissary-general
of issues.

XXXIII. That the commissary -general of purchases and commis-
sary-general of issues, each in his own department, make a general
monthly return to the Board of War, the Commander in Chief, and the
commanding officer of the respective districts, and take special care
constantly to provide and furnish each of the officers under him with
printed forms of the books, invoices, receipts, and returns to be used
by them respectively, agreeable to these resolves.

XXXIV. That no returns of rations drawn or returned by the sev-
eral regiments be hereafter made by the issuing commissaries to the
commissary-general of musters, or by him to the Adjutant-General,
or by the Adjutant-General to the Board of War, as directed in the
regulations in the muster-master-general's department passed by Con-
gress the 4th day of April last.

XXXV. That the commissaries-general and the respective officers
under them apply to the Quartermaster-General or his respective offi-
cers for wagons, teams, and horses wanted in the several districts; and
if at any time it shall be necessary to hire the same they are not to
exceed the rates stipulated by Congress or the Quartermaster-General
aforesaid.

XXXVI. That all persons employed to purchase for the United
States any articles in the several departments of the commissary-gen-
eral of purchases, quartermaster, director, or clothier general, or the
commissary -general of military stores shall previously apply to them
or the principal officers under them, respectively, for certificates of
the several prices by them allowed for such articles, and shall not, on
any pretence whatsoever, exceed such prices. And it is recommended
to the several States to give their purchasers, respectively, similar
directions.

XXXVII. That the commissary -general of purchases from time to
time provide sufficient quantities of salt and deliver it to the commis-
sary-general of issues or the respective officers under him, who are

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 261

directed to issue to the troops only such quantities and in such manner
as the Commander in Chief or commander of the respective district
shall direct. And the commissary-general of issues shall direct the
respective deputy commissaries-general to employ a suitable number
of coopers and packers, who shall salt and pack provisions at the sev-
eral magazines and stores and take the proper precautions with respect
to all provisions therein deposited.

XXXVIII. And whereas great confusion hath arisen from the man-
ner in which officers and soldiers have been paid for rations and parts
of rations allowed to but not drawn by them, respectively:

Resolved, That the parts of a ration be estimated as follows, viz:
For the daily allowance of beef, pork, or fish, 4-90th of a dollar; of
bread or flour, 2-90th; of peas or beans, l-90th; of milk, l-90th; of
beer, l-90th; of rice, one-half of l-90th; and of soap, one-half of l-90th,
making in the whole 10-90ths of a dollar for each ration; and that for
the future the quarteamaster, or other person drawing provision for
any regiment, corps, or detachment, shall, on the last day of every
month, make out an abstract of the number of retained rations due to
each officer, respectively, and also the number of each part of ration
due to such regiment, corps, or detachment, and deliver the same to
the respective issuing commissary, who shall compare it with his books,
and, finding it right, shall certify thereon that the several charges in
the abstract are just, and that such a sum as he shall find to be due
shall be paid to the respective paymaster of the regiment, corps, or
detachment, who shall annex the said abstract to the pay roll; that the

Paymaster or deputy paymaster-general of the district may pay, and
e is hereby required to pay, such ration abstract to the regimental
pay master, who is directed to pay the respective officers and soldiers
and take their receipts. And when any regiment, corps, or detach-
ment or issuing commissary is ordered to leave a post before the end
of the month the ration abstract shall be made up to the day of his or
their leaving the post, and certified by the commissary as aforesaid.

XXXI X. That the commissary of issues at every post where cattle
are killed for the use of the Army appoint a careful person to take
charge of the hides and tallow, to see that the former are properly
dried and that the latter is properly rendered, and that both are dis-
posed of as the commissary-general of issues, by order of Congress,
shall direct.

XL. That the commissary and deput}^ commissaries-general of pur-
chases in each department and every purchaser employed under them
shall take the oath of fidelity to the United States. . . .

XLI. That the commissary and deputy commissary-general of issues
in each department and every issuing commissary employed under
them shall take the said oath of fidelity. . . .

' June 11, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases shall keep his
office in the place where Congress shall sit, and that he or his clerk
constantly attend therein.

June 13, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the agents for the United States in Europe
and the West Indies be directed and enabled by the secret committee
to effect the importation of salt into these States, on account of the

262 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

United States, b} T all vessels bound for America, subject to such regu-
lations and restrictions as the secret committee may direct;

That it be an instruction to all masters of vessels taking on board
cargoes for America on account of the United States, if possible, to
ballast the vessels with salt, unless otherwise specially ordered;

That it be recommended to the several States to erect and encourage,
in the most liberal and effectual manner, proper works for the making
of salt.

June 16, 1777.

Resolved, That the pay and allowance to the commissar ies-general,
deputy commissaries-general, assistants, and persons employed under
them be as follows, to wit:

To the commissaiy -general of purchases, 8 dollars and six rations a
day;

To the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, each 5 dollars and
four rations a day;

To the assistant commissaries of purchases, each 4 dollars per day;

To the commissary-general of issues, 150 dollars a month and six
rations a daj T ;

To the deputy commissaries-general of issues, each 75 dollars a
month and four rations a day;

To the assistant commissaries of issues, each 40 dollars a month and
two rations a day;

To the clerks of the commissaries-general and deputy commissaries-
general, each 35 dollars a month and two rations a day;

^o such deputies as purchasers of live stock are empowered to
employ, for receiving the same at the several posts, each 27 dollars a
month and two rations a day while in such service.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be empowered
to regulate the pay of drovers and butchers and transmit such regula-
tions to Congress;

That the commissary -general of issues in like manner be empowered
to regulate and transmit to Congress the pay of coopers, packers, and
other persons he may find necessary to be employed in such kind of
services.

June 17, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of clothing be directed to
supply the Army with a sufficient number of combs.

June 17, 1777. The Clothier-General having reported that he finds himself em-
barrassed and perplexed by the occasional interferences of some States who appro-
priate clothing, and other necessaries imported for or purchased on account of the
continent, Congress passed a resolution that the several continental agents in the
different States be directed to deliver out no clothing except on the express order of
the Commissary-General or his agents, and that he be furnished with an account of
all clothing that may be imported as expeditiously as possible after its arrival.

June 18, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of commissaries and deputy
commissaries general of purchases and issues, the nominations having
been previously made; and, the ballots being taken, the following
gentlemen were elected, viz:

Joseph Trumbull, esq., commissary-general of purchases; William
Aylett, William Buchanan, Jacob Cuyler, and Jeremiah Wadsworth,
esqs., deputy commissaries-general of purchases;

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 263

Charles Stewart, esq., commissary -general of issues;
William Green Mumford, Matthew Irwin, and Elisha Avery, esqs.,
deputy commissaries-general of issues.

June 20, 1777.

Resolved, That a suitable person be appointed commissary to receive
all rawhides belonging to the United States, and that he be authorized
to exchange the same for tanned leather or men's shoes, at the cus-
tomary rates of exchange, and have the leather so obtained worked
into shoes and deliver them to the Clothier-General or his order, taking
duplicate receipts, which he shall transmit to the Board of Treasury;

That when the said commissary shall be of opinion that the said
exchanges can not be made on reasonable terms he be authorized to
-provide tanyards, materials, and workmen for that purpose, or contract
with proper persons to tan them on reasonable terms;

That if oil can not be procured for preparing the curried leather,
the said commissary be supplied with tallow out of the public stores
to be used instead thereof, and that he draw for so much as may be
necessary on any of the commissaries of issues, making a return of the
quantity so drawn to the deputy commissary-general of issues in the
district;

That the said commissar}' of hides shall be supplied with money for
carrying on the said business, as occasion may require, on application
to Congress, and that he settles his accounts with the Treasury Board
once a year, or oftener, if required.

That the Board of War may order the commissary of hides to deliver
to the commissary of military stores so much of the leather in his
hands as may be necessary for making accoutrements, etc., for the
Army; and that the said commissary shall obey such orders and direc-
tions as may, from time to time, be given to him by the Board of War
respecting the business of his office and the persons necessary to be
employed by him in the service, and make returns of his doings to the
said board when required.

That the secret committee import a suitable number of felt hats, not
exceeding 50,000, and linen for as many shirts, for the use of the Army,
and also import from the Spanish West Indies such a quantity of dried
hides as they may judge necessary for a further supply of leather for
shoes and other public uses.

That it be recommended to the government of the several States to
procure as much homemade linen, suitable for shirts for the troops,
;i- may be obtained on reasonable terms in the respective States, and
deliver the same to the Clothier-General. . . .

That the pay of the commissary of hides be 80 dollars a month.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of hides, and, the
ballots being taken, Peter Philips, esq., was elected.

June 20, 1777. The "commissary of hides" has heen considered as a subordinate
to the ( lommisearjM icneral of Stores and Supplies although, from the last paragraph
of his instructions, it is uncertain whether Congress did not make him the head of
an independent office.

June 22, 1777. The president of the State of Pennsylvania notified Congress that
John McKallister, a deputy commissary of issues, having been charged with pecula-
tion and embezzlement of public stores and provisions, the council has suspended
him from pay and employment, pending action of Congress. This body tendered its
thanks to the governor and council, and requested that they cause McKallister to be
prosecuted at the expense of the United States.

264 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

June 23, 1777.

Resolved, That Joseph Trumbull, esq., and the several persons by
him lately employed in the commissary's department, be directed to
supply the Army with provisions in the mode which they have hereto-
fore practiced until the commissaries-general on the new establishment
shall be prepared to enter upon the business.

June 26, 1777. Matthew Irwin declined appointment of deputy commissary-
general of issues.

July 1, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary general
of issues in the room of Mr. Irwin, and, the ballots being taken, Robert
Hoops was elected.

July 2, 1777.

Resolved, That the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, respec-
tively, be authorized to make reasonable allowances to such of the
assistant commissaries as are employed in buying and collecting live
stock for all extraordinary travelling expenses which they may be nec-
essarily put to, not exceeding l^d dollar per day for such additional
allowance.

That there be paid to the assistant commissaries of issues each 60
dollars a month.

July 7, 1777.

Resolved, That William Buchanan, esq., deputy commissary- general
of purchases for the Middle Department, be directed to appoint a
proper person to supply the regiment commanded by Colonel Rich-
ardson with provisions during its continuance in Maryland and the
State of Delaware.

That in case Mr. Buchanan should decline acting as deputy commis-
sary for the department, the governor and council of Maryland be
authorized and requested to make the appointment of a deputy com-
missary for the supplying Colonel Richardson's battalion with pro-
visions during their stay in Maryland or in the State of Delaware.

Resolved, . . . That the clothier-general be directed to appoint
an agent in the said State [Georgia] for the purpose of supplying the
troops there with clothes; . . .

That a deputy commissary -general of purchases and a deput}' com-
missary-general of issues of provisions be appointed in the said State.

July 23, 1777.

Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to contract with
bakers to bake into biscuits, for the use of the Army, the flour which
they were ordered to sell;

That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to have the
flour stored at Yorktown, Lancaster, Downingtown, and Valley Forge,
in Pennsylvania, and which is in danger of perishing, baked into bis-
cuit for the use of the Army.

July 23, 1777. The superintendent of bakers being unable to engage a number of
journeyman bakers, most of them being in the militia, Congress referred him to the
supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, recommending to the latter to make
details for this purpose.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 265

July 25, 1777.

Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to contract with
proper persons to supply the Army with beer, cyder, vegetables, soap,
vinegar, and sour crout.

Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to increase the
ration of soap according to his discretion.

July 29, 17T7. Mr. Phillips declined appointment of commissioner of hides.
August 2, 1777. Commissary-General J. Trumbull asked leave to resign on
August 20.

August 5, 1777.

Resolved, That a commissary of hides be appointed in the room of
Peter Philips, esq., who declines acting. The ballots being taken,
George Ewing was elected.

* * *

Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Commissary's
Department; and, the ballots being taken,

William Buchanan, esq., was elected commissary-general of pur-
chases.

August 6, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the appointment of a deputy commissary of
purchases, a deputy commissar y -general of issues: . . . Where-
upon,

Resolved, That James Koe, esq., be [deputy] commissary -general
of purchases; John Bohun Garardeau, deputy commissary -general of

issues. . . .

* * *

Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Commissary's
Department; and, the ballots being taken,

Ephraim Blaine, esq., was elected deputy commissary -general of
purchases, in the room of Mr. Buchanan;

Archibald Stewart, esq., deputy commissary -general of issues, in the
room of Mr. Hoops, who has resigned;

James Blicker, esq., deputy commissary -general of issues, in the
room of Mr. Avery, resigned.

Resolved, That in case Mr. Blicker decline the office, the command-
ing officer in the Northern Department be authorized to aproint another
person in his stead, and inform Congress thereof.

Resolved, That another deputy commissary-general of issues be
appointed for the Eastern Department; and, the ballots being taken,

Samuel Gray, esq., was elected.

* * *

Whereas Joseph Trumbull, esq., having resigned his commission of
commissary -general of purchases under the new regulations, has signi-
fied his intention of discontinuing his service under the former estab-
lishment on the 20th day of the present month; and whereas the
commissaries-general of purchases and issues who are to succeed him
in office may not be prepared with their respective assistants to pro-
ceed in the business at the time aforesaid, and a failure of supplies may
be attended with the most dangerous' consequences:

Resolved, That Jd"r. Trumbull, with the officers under him, be desired
to continue in the business of supplying the Army under the former

266 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

establishment until the commissaries-general of purchases and issues
shall signify their readiness to proceed therein under the new regula-
tions, which they are required to do as speedily as possible.

August 7, 1777.

Resolved, That the pay of the deputy commissaries-general of issues
be increased to 100 dollars per month, and the pay of the clerks to the
commissaries-general to 50 dollars a month.

August 9, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary-general
of purchases, in the room of Jeremiah Wadsworth, esq., resigned; and,
the ballots being taken,

Peter Colt, esq., was elected.

August 11, 1777. Mr. Archibald Stewart resigned the office of deputy commissary-
general of issues.

August U, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary -general
of issues; and, the ballots being taken,
Robert White, esq. , was elected.

August 28, 1777.

Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed forthwith to inform
himself, as nearly as may be, of the number of blankets, shoes, hose,
and shirts that will be wanted for the troops of the United States in
the fall and winter next ensuing, exclusive of those now in store or
for which he has contracted; that he apply for the same to the several
assemblies or executive authorities of the States of New Hampshire,
Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Penn-
sylvania, and Delaware, in proportion to the number of inhabitants of
each State, and send to each an attested copy of this resolve; and it is
earnestly recommended to the several States aforesaid to call on the
inhabitants of their respective counties, cities, towns, or districts to
manufacture or furnish their proportions of the said articles; and the
said States are desired to appoint suitable persons to inspect the quality
of the articles thus supplied, and to order them to be delivered to the
clothier's agent in each State, who is hereby directed to pay for the
same on the delivery thereof.

That the clothier-general be directed forthwith to apply to the Com-
mander in Chief and commander of each Continental district and
inform himself of the number of assistant clothiers necessary for the
Army and detached parts within their several commands; that he
appoint, without delay, as many assistants as they may respectively
judge necessary, and report their names to Congress; that he take
effectual care to send to each assistant a proportion of the clothing on
hand and full supplies as soon as may be, ordering the said assistants
to give receipts for the same; that he be careful to direct the several
assistants to give each noncommissioned officer and soldier the cloth-
ing due to him by the articles of enlistment and take receipts, and

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 267

that they supply the Army with such other clothing as shall be neces-
saiy at the average cost and charges thereof; that he furnish each
assistant with the names of the noncommissioned officers and soldiers
of the divisions or corps to which he may be assigned who have
received the bounty of clothing, or any part thereof, and also with the
account of each officer and soldier in such division or corps who is
indebted to the United States for articles of clothing; that he direct
each assistant on the first daj- of every month to render to the respec-
tive regimental paymasters in the divisions or corps to which he is
assigned particular accounts of all the clothing for which the officers
and men are respectively indebted; and the several regimental pay-
masters are hereby dire cted to make the proper stoppages from the
pay rolls for discharging the said accounts, and to deliver th? money
to the assistant clothiers respectively, taking their receipts and deliver-
ing them to the paymaster or deputy paymaster-general, to be filed in
his office until required by the commissioners of accounts or other
proper authority; that the several assistants deliver the money so
received to the clothier-general and account with him for all the
clothing which they may receive as aforesaid.

August 29, 1777.

Resolved, That each assistant clothier be allowed 50 dollars a month
and the rations of a captain.

August 30, 1777.

Resolved, That the several issuing commissaries be directed to fur-
nish the director-general, or any of the deputy directors, or their
assistants, with such provisions as any of them shall from time to time
demand by an order in writing for the use of any temporary hospital
which shall be established, which order, with the receipt of the steward
endorsed thereon, shall be a sufficient voucher for such issuing com-
missary, who is also required to keep such vouchers separate and make
a separate entry of the same in his books, charging the director who
ordered the same therewith.

August 30, 1777. "Information being given by the Commissary-General that it is
at present impracticable to supply the Army daily with hard bread, the troops are
to receive soft bread or flour as the commissaries shall be able to supply them."
{Orders, General Headquarters, Wilmington.)

September 6, 1777.

The Committee on the Treasury further report, . . . and there-
fore it is the opinion of the committee that it be,

Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed, as far as he shall have
it in his power, to furnish all the noncommissioned officers and privates
in the service of the United States who have not yet received their
bounty of clothing, at their election, either with the several articles
allowed by Congress in the resolution of 8th October, 1776, or in lieu
thereof, the following articles, viz:

One regimental coat, at 8 60-90ths dollars; one jacket without
sleeves, 2 60-90ths dollars; one pair buckskin and two pair linen or

268 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARM?.

woolen breeches, 8 dollars; one hat or leather cap, 2 60-90ths dollars;
two shirts, 8 dollars; one hunting shirt, 4 dollars; two pair overalls,
6 dollars; two pair of stockings, 4 dollars; two pair of shoes, 6 dollars;
one blanket, 6 dollars; making in all, 56 dollars.

But, as the cost of the articles last specified exceeds that of the cloth-
ing allowed as a bounty to the troops by 8 30-90ths dollars, so much
shall be stopped out of the pay of every noncommissioned officer and
private who shall be supplied in the manner last directed as will make
the amount of clothing he shall receive equal to the value of the bounty
of clothing, which, upon an average of the price of the several articles,
is estimated at 47 60-90ths dollars.

The said report and resolves being read twice, on the question put,

Resolved, Tnat Congress agree to the same.

September 12, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to
purchase on the most reasonable terms he can 30 hogsheads of rum,
and that the same be presented to the Army and distributed among
the soldiers in such manner as the General shall direct, in compliment to
the soldiers for their gallant behavior in the late battle of Brandywine.

September U, 1777.

Resolved, That the President write to the governor and council of
New Jersey and request them to call on the inhabitants of the above-
mentioned places (in the western division of New Jersey) for as many
blankets as can be spared to supply the soldiers of General Washing-
ton's arm} 7 , many of whom have lost their blankets in the late battle
of Brandywine, and can not be supplied by the State of Pennsylvania;
and that the cost of the said blankets be defrayed by the United States.

September 15, 1777. Robert White, deputy commissary-general of issues, resigned.

September 16, 1777. The Commissary-General of Issues and the Clothier-General
were ordered to remove to Bethlehem, Pa., or some other place of safety the stores
belonging to their respective departments ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J.

September 17, 1777.

Resolved, That General Washington be authorized and directed
. . . to take, wheresoever he may be, all such provisions and other
articles as may be necessary for the comfortable subsistence of the
army under his command, paying or giving certificates for the same;
. . . provided that the powers hereby vested shall be exercised
only in such parts of those States as may be within the circumference
of 70 miles or the headquarters of the American Army, and shall con-
tinue in force for the space of 60 days, unless sooner revoked by
Congress.

September 27, 1777.

Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to cooperate with Gen-
eral Washington in devising and carrying into execution effectual
measures for supplying the Army with . . . shoes, blankets,
stockings, provisions, and other necessaries; and that in executing
this business these collections be confined, as much as circumstances
will admit, to persons of dissatisfied and equivocal characters.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 269

October 2, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of provisions . . . and
their deputies, respectively, be directed to provide and supply, in the
places where Congress may meet, such articles of their respective
departments as may be required by the several members thereof for
the use of themselves, their servants, and horses, the said members
paA'ing the cost of the said articles; and that this resolution extend to
the secretaries, treasurer, and the officers of the several boards and
committees of Congress.

October 4, 1777.

Resolved, That if the deputy commissary-general of purchases, or of
issues, appointed for the eastern district, shall decline to accept of or
officiate in their respective offices, Major Gen. Putnam, the command-
ing officer at Peekskill, or the commanding officer there for the time
being, be authorized and directed to appoint suitable persons to those
respective offices, or either of them; and that Maj. Gen. Gates, or the
commanding officer for the time being of the northern department,
have similar power with respect to the deputy commissary -general of
purchases and of issues for the northern department, and that they
respectively certify the names of the commissaries which they may
appoint to Congress for approbation.

Resolved, That every assistant appointed, or that hereafter may be
appointed by the respective deputy commissaries-general of purchases
and of issues shall enter into bond to the president of Congress, in the
penalty of 5,000 dollars, for the faithful performance of his duty; and
such bond, being taken by the deputy commissary -general and lodged
with the paymaster-general or deputy paymaster-general of the dis-
trict, to be by him transmitted to the Treasury board, the deputy
commissary-general shall no longer be chargeable or accountable for
the good behavior of such assistants.

That every deputy commissary -general shall be authorized to appoint
as many clerks, not exceeding the number of three, as the respective
commissaries-general shall judge necessary, who are directed to report
the same to Congress.

And whereas it is represented that it will be exceedingly difficult to
comply with the regulations of Congress for branding and numbering
cattle on the horns,

Resolved, That the purchasers of live stock be respectively directed
to adopt such other mode for marking the same as they shall judge
expedient, and to transmit to Congress by the earliest opportunity the
regulations for that purpose by them adopted.

That each of the deputy commissaries-general of purchases be author-
ized to allow to the purchasers of live stock, in his respective district,
a longer time for making the returns required by the 10th article of
the regulations of the department of the commissaries than is therein
specified; provided such deputy commissary -general shall judge it
necessary and the time further allowed does not exceed one month.
And if in the hurry of a march or engagement, or at any other time,
any deputy appointed to receive, kill, and deliver live stock shall be
unable to weign the meat, hides, and tallow thereof he shall bo indem-
nified from any charge of neglect upon producing to the respective
purchaser of cattle a certificate from the commanding officer of the

270 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

army, post, or detachment of the fact aforesaid; and such certificate
shall also excuse the purchaser of live stock from producing the receipt
of the issuing commissary required by the 14th article of the said
regulations.

That it was never the intention of Congress to make any purchaser
of live stock or officer of the department liable for unavoidable loss
of all or any part of such live stock, when such purchaser or officer
shall make it appear that proper care hath been taken to prevent such
loss.

October 6, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissaries-general of purchases and issues
and their deputies and assistants have power and authority to impress
and seize wagons, shallops, and proper storehouses, on extraordinary
occasions, for the use of their departments; this authority to extend
to the distance of TO miles from headquarters, and to be in force to
the 1st of January next, and no longer; . . .

October 8, 1777. "The commanding officers of corps are immediately to select the
most suitable of their men and set them to making mockasins for their corps. The
commissaries are to order the skins of the heads and legs of bullocks to be taken off
and applied to that use, so far as they will go. The commissaries also are to issue
the raw hides for the purpose upon the returns of the officers commanding corps."
{Orders, General Headquarters, Perkiomy.)

October 11, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of issues, his deputies and
assistants, and all persons employed under him or them, deliver over,
on demand, to the commissary of hides, all hides, tallow, feet, and
offal of all cattle killed for the use of the Army, taking a receipt for
the same, any order or direction of any person or persons to the con-
trary notwithstanding.

That the said commissary of hides be supplied with money for car-
rying on the business of his department, from time to time, upon his
application to Congress, and that he shall settle his accounts once a
year or oftener, if required, with the Treasury board.

That he or his deputies at any principal department or post be
authorized to hire or impress one or more wagons or carriages for the
use of his department, as occasion may require, which shall not be
subject to be impressed for any other service by any officer of the
Army, unless by special direction of the Commander in Chief for the
time being; and if any officer shall (except as before excepted), on any
pretense whatsoever, impress, without his consent, any wagon, cart,
or carriage in the service of the said commissary of hides, he shall
immediately, on application to the commanding officer nearest the
place where the transaction happens, be put under arrest, be liable to
pay all loss the State sustain by such impressment, and suffer such
other punishment as shall be deemed proper by a court-martial.

That the Commander in Chief and the commanding officer of any
department, post, or detachment be directed to supply the commissary-
general of hides and his respective deputies with guards for their
wagons when the said commissary shall apply for the same and they
shall appear to be necessary.

That the said commissary of hides shall make a return once in every
three months to the Board of War of his whole transactions, specifying

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 271

the number of workmen employed, the quantities of hides on hand,
the quantities exchanged for leather anc^shoes, what quantity is made
up into shoes, and what otherwise disposed of; and to enable him to do
this his deputies and assistants, whose names, occupations, and pay or
wages he is also to return, shall make monthly returns to the said
commissary of hides.

That the said commissary of hides shall receive and take care of the
tallow and all other useful offal of the cattle belonging to the United
States, and see that the said tallow is properly rendered and made fit
to be manufactured into candles and soap for the use of the Army, and
shall deliver the said tallow, so rendered, to the commissary -general
of purchases, or his order, taking receipts for the same, reserving so
much of the said tallow as may be necessary for the manufacture of
the leather and the use of his own department.

That the commissary of hides have the appointment of all deputies
and assistants to be employed under him, for whose conduct he shall
be responsible, and have authority to displace them at pleasure.

October 16, 1777.

Resolved, That a deputy commissary -general of purchases and a
deputy commissary-general of issues be appointed for supplying the
forts and posts on the western frontier of Pennsylvania and Virginia,
and that the limit of the district be assigned by the respective commis-
saries-general.

That assistant purchasing commissaries be not allowed in the district
aforesaid.

October 16, 1777.

Ordered, That a copy of General Washington's letter of the 13th and
the returns relative to clothing wanted for the Army be sent by express
to each of the States of Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, and that they be respectively
requested to send to the General, with all possible despatch, as manjr
of the several articles mentioned in the returns as can be collected and
are not immediately wanted for their respective regiments which have
not joined the Army, and to order the officers in the clothier's depart-
ment in the States aforesaid to use their utmost exertions in forwarding
the clothing in their possession.

October 22, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be authorized
and empowered to apply to the governor and council of safety of Con-
necticut, or to the board of war to the Massachusetts Bay, or to
empower the deputy commissary -genera! of purchases for the eastern
district to import or contract with persons who shall import and supply
on reasonable terms a sufficient quantity of salt for the Army of the
United States in the middle district; that the masters of the vessels
to be employed for this purpose be severally directed to deliver their
cargoes of salt at such ports in the middle or southern districts as the
commissary-general shall think most convenient, and that he order
cargoes of flour or grain, on the arrival of those vessels at the ports
aforesaid, to be provided and shipped in them for the Army in the
eastern district.

272 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

And the said governor and council of safety and board of war are
severally requested to assist the commissary in accomplishing these
purposes and to grant or procure permits for exporting cargoes to
purchase the salt.

And whereas there is an immediate demand for the article aforesaid
in the middle district,

Resolved, That the supreme executive authorities of the States of
Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut be respectively requested to assist
the commissary -general of purchases in procuring wagons or teams for
removing 12,000 bushels of salt from the eastern to the middle district;
that the said commissary be directed to employ the wagons or teams
procured in the Massachusetts Bay to remove the salt from thence to
Connecticut, and those procured in the States last mentioned in remov-
ing the salt from thence to such places on the North River as he shall
judge most convenient; and the said commissary-general is directed to
procure wagons or teams in the middle districts and load them with
flour, to be delivered at the North River and sent by the teams bring-
ing the salt from Connecticut to the magazines of the Army in that
State; and that the wagons or teams from the middle district be
employed to bring from North River the salt to be deposited there as
aforesaid.

November 3, 1777.

Resolved, That a copy of the resolutions of Congress of the 4th of
October last, relative to the department of the purchasing and issuing
commissaries, be forthwith transmitted by express to the governor
and council of safety of Connecticut, who are authorized and requested
to appoint a deputy commissary-general of purchases and a deputy
commissary general of issues for the eastern district, provided the
appointments of Congress to the respective offices aforesaid are not
accepted, and Gen. Putnam has not made such appointments, agree-
able to the powers given him by the resolution last mentioned, or that
the officers so appointed should appear to the said governor and coun-
cil incompetent to the business.

That a copy of the preceding resolution be transmitted by the express
aforesaid to Major Gen. Putnam, who is directed to inform his excel-
lency Governor Trumbull of his conduct relative to the premises, and
to direct the officers who may have accepted the appointments afore-
said forthwith to apply to the governor and council of safety for
instructions, and that Gen. Putnam cease to proceed further in the
business aforesaid.

November 10, 1777. General Gates was authorized to order the Paymaster-General
to pay dues to officers and men for rations allowed to them but not paid, provided
the existing regulations of the Commissary's Department on the subject be no longer
dispensed with than he shall judge necessary.

November 11, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary -general
of issues for supplying the forts and posts on the western frontiers of
Pennsylvania and Virginia; and, the ballots being taken, John Erwing
was elected.

November 14, 1777. "Mr. Kemper, the deputy clothier-general, is to attend the
meeting and take the directions of the board [commanders of brigades] for the
present and future distributions." (Orders, General Headquarters, White-Marsh.)

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 273

November tS i 1777.

Resolved, That a copy of the letter from J. Bradford, dated Boston,
October the 16th, 1777, to the secret committee, be transmitted to the
clothier-general; . . . that the clothier-general, without delay,
appoint a deputy in each State, if he hath not already made such
appointments; that the cloth for soldiers' clothing mentioned in the
said letter to be imported into Bedford for account of Congress be
delivered to the clothier-general or his order; . . . that the
receipts taken on the delivery be forthwith transmitted to the com-
mittee of commerce; that the clothier-general be directed immediately
to give orders to his deputy for the State of Rhode Island to receive
the said cloth for soldiers' clothing, and procure the making up
the same into clothes there or elsewhere, as soon as may be, and to
forward them with the utmost despatch to General Washington's
Army; that the clothier-general also write to the governor and coun-
cil of the State of Rhode Island, requesting them, in case the person
appointed bj r him as his deputy should decline acting, to appoint a
suitable person for that purpose, and for forwarding the clothing as
above directed; and the said governor and council are requested to
make such appointment accordingly, and to give every necessary aid
to the above important business.

November 19, 1777.

Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed to deliver to the
director-general of the militaiy hospitals, the deputy directors-general,
or their assistants, for the use of the sick and wounded of the several
departments, a proportionable share of the blankets, shirts, shoes, and
stockings, which he shall, from time to time, procure for the supply
of the Army.

November W, 1777.

Resolved, That [Colonel G. Morgan, restored to the appointment for
Indian affairs] be appointed deputy commissary -general of purchases
in the western district.

November n, 1777.

L'< solved, That the resolution of Congress of the 15th of October
last, directing that no assistant purchasing commissaries be appointed
for the western district be not extended to the temporary appoint-
ments of such officers, and that the Commissary-General of Purchases
be directed to authorize the deputy commissary -general of purchases
for the said district to make such appointments when he, the said
Commissary-General, shall judge it necessary.

* * *

5. Resolved, That . . . each of the respective legislatures [of
the several States] enact suitable laws, . . . as to authorize the
purchasing commissaries for the Army, ... to take from any
engrossers, forestallers, or other person possessed of a larger quantity
of any such commodities or provisions than shall be competent for the
private annual consumption of their families, and who shall refuse to

S. Doc. 229 18

274 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

sell the surplus at the prices to be ascertained [by a convention of State
commissioners], paying- only such price for the same.
* * *

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the respective legis-
latures of the United States, without delay, by their separate authority,
to adopt and effectually enforce a temporary regulation of the prices
of provisions and other commodities for the supply of the Army, in
such manner as they shall judge reasonable; and to continue in force
until the general regulations before proposed shall be adopted.

November^, 1777. "The Commander in Chief offers a reward of ten dollars to any
person who shall, by nine o'clock on Monday morning, produce the best substitute
for shoes, made of raw hides. The commissary of hides is to furnish the hides; and
the major-general of the day is to judge of the essays, and assign the reward to the
best artist." (Orders, General Headquarters, White-Marsh.)

November U, 1777.

The committee appointed to prepare a plan for establishing a board
to superintend the departments of the commissaries and Quartermaster-
General, report:

That as a Board of War, consisting of persons not members of Con-
gress, has been lately established, and the late Quartermaster-General
is a member thereof, the committee are of opinion that a considerable
expense may be saved by adding to the board a person acquainted with
the commissarial business, and authorizing it to superintend each of the
civil departments of the Army: Whereupon,

Resolved, That Congress concur with the committee.

November 25, 1777.

Resolved, That Governor Caswell be desired to appoint proper per-
sons within the State of North Carolina to purchase, with secrecy and
despatch, all the merchantable leather and deerskins in that State proper
for making shoes, breeches, . . . that he be desired to detain so
much thereof as can be manufactured into shoes and breeches within
the space of four months, sending on to the clothier-general, at Lan-
caster, in Pennsylvania, the shoes and breeches which maj T be made
from time to time, ...

November 26, 1777.

Congress resumed the consideration of the report from the com-
mittee on the letter from S. Hopkins, esq., etc., when the seventh
article was agreed to as follows:

7th. And whereas, notwithstanding the large quantities of clothing
which have seasonably been ordered from Europe for the armies of
the United States, sucn have been the obstructions, from a variety of
causes, that an adequate supply has not been imported, and it is
become necessary that immediate provisions should be made to defend
the troops from the inclemency of the winter, and to prevent future
disappointments of the like nature, and that, for this purpose, the sev-
eral States should be called upon for assistance.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 275

Resolved, therefore, That it be earnestly recommended to the several
States from time to time to exert their utmost endeavors to procure,
in addition to the allowances of clothing heretofore made by Congress,
supplies of blankets, shoes, stockings, shirts, and other clothingfor
the comfortable subsistence of the officers and soldiers of their respec-
tive battalions; and to appoint one or more persons to dispose of such
articles to the said officers and soldiers in such proportion as the gen-
eral officers from the respective States commanding in such army shall
direct, and at such reasonable prices as shall be assessed by the clothier-
general or his deputy, and be in just proportion to the wages of the
officers and soldiers, charging the surplus of the cost to the United
States; and all clothing hereafter to be supplied to the officers and sol-
diers of the Continental Army out of the public stores of the United
States, beyond the bounties already granted, shall be charged at like
prices, the surplus to be defrayed by the United States; provided that
effective measures be adopted by each State for preventing any com-

Eetition between their purchasing agents and the clothier-general and
is agents, who are severally directed to observe the instructions of
the respective States relative to the prices of clothing purchased within
such State.

November 28, 1777.

Resolved, That a copy of the resolution of Congress of the 22d of
October and 3d of November, relative to the Commissary's Depart-
ment, be transmitted to his excellency the governor and council of
safety of the State of Connecticut, who are requested to order the salt
to be sent from the eastern to the middle district, agreeable to the
resolution first mentioned, to such parts of the North River and to the
care of such officer or person there as they shall judge expedient, and
inform Congress or the commissary -general of purchases thereof;
and the governor and council aforesaid are further requested to take
effectual measures for sending immediate supplies of cattle to the
army in the middle district and to the prisoners quartered near Bos-
ton; and to this purpose they are fully authorized to superintend the
deputy commissaries-general of purchases and issues and their respec-
tive deputies or assistants in the eastern and northern districts, and to
remove and appoint others in the room of such as shall refuse or
neglect to comply with their directions.

* * *

Resolved, That the commissary -general of issues be directed to pre-
serve the flour barrels of the Army and send them by the return
wagons to the mills from whence supplies of flour may be sent to the
Army; that he save the pork and beef barrels and as much of the salt
therein as can be collected, and that for this purpose he employ a
suitable number of coopers, and inform Congress of his proceedings
therein.

December 20, 1777.

Resolved, That it be most earnestly recommended to the respective

legislatures of the United States forthwith to enact laws appointing

-i i i table persons to seize and take, for the use of the Continental Army

of the said States, all woolen cloths, blankets, linens, shoes, stockings,

hats, and other necessary articles of clothing suitable for the Army,

276 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

which may be in the possession of any persons inhabitants of, or res-
idents within, their respective States, for the purpose of sale and not
for their own private use or famity consumption, giving them certifi-
cates or receipts for the same, expressing the qualit} T and quantity of
the goods; provided, that such laws do not extend to any goods, wares,
or merchandise which are or shall be hona fide imported into the
respective States on account of any persons not citizens of these United
States, so long as the same shall continue their property, and no
longer; and that they inflict such penalties as may be deemed proper
on such persons possessed of '&x\y of the above-enumerated goods,
wares, or merchandise, or other articles of clothing suitable for the
Army, who, to evade the good intentions of the said laws, shall falsely
affirm or declare the same to be the property of persons not citizens
of any of the said United States.

2. That it be further recommended to make provision in the said
laws to empower the commissary -general of purchases, or any of his
deputies, or such other persons as the respective legislatures may deem
expedient, to seize all stock and every kind of provision necessary for
the Army, which may have been purchased up on engrossed by any
person with a view of selling the same, giving to the person from whom
such stock or provisions have been taken certificates as aforesaid.

3. That the value of all such goods, wares, and merchandise as are
above enumerated, or other articles of clothing, stock, or provisions
necessary for the Army, which shall be so seized and taken, be ascer-
tained at the rate at which the said articles shall be stated by the con-
vention of the committees of the several States to be held agreeably to
the recommendation of Congress on the 22d of November last; the
articles of clothing to be paid for by draughts made by the respective
States upon the clothier-general, and the stock of provisions by the
purchasing commissaries receiving them.

4. And it is further recommended to the respective States to cause
to be made up so much of the clothing aforesaid as they can complete
within a reasonable time, and to send the whole of the clothing so
taken or seized, as well that part which may be made up, as that which
remains unmade (except so much as may be necessary for clothing
the recruits enlisted in the States for their respective battalions in the
Continental service), to the clothier-general to be distributed in the
first instance to the supply of the troops belonging to the State fur-
nishing such clothing, and the residue in such manner as the commis-
sioners of the War Office or the clothier-general shall from time to
time direct; provided, that this resolution shall not repeal or affect
any part of the seventh proposition recommended to the legislatures
of the respective States the 22d [26th] of November last, relative to
the additional clothing to be furnished to their respective battalions;
and it is further resolved, that the clothier-general transmit, from
time to time, to the respective States, an account of the clothing fur-
nished to their battalions out of the stock by them collected and sent
forward, in order that each State may be satisfactorily informed that
their troops receive immediate advantage from its exertions in the
common cause.

5. And whereas great waste of clothing has arisen from the want of
fidelity or skill in the persons employed to make up the same:

Resolved, That it be recommended to the respective States to appoint
one or more suitable persons to superintend and direct the tradesmen
employed to make up the clothes to be collected as aforesaid, who shall

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 277

conform themselves to the instructions of the Board of War relative to
the form thereof, provided that no delays be suffered to take place
from the want of such instructions.

6. And whereas the comfortable support of the army of these
States may hereafter greatly depend on the supplies which they may
be able to draw from their own internal resources, it is therefore
most earnestly recommended to the said States to employ a sufficient
number of manufacturers and tradesmen to supply the clothing wanted
for their respective battalions, exempting them, under proper regula-
tions, from military duty; and authorizing suitable persons to collect
and supply, at the stipulated prices, cotton, wool, flax, leather, and
other articles for carrying on the said manufactures.

7. And . . . it is most seriously recommended to the several
legislatures aforesaid forthwith to enact laws ... to prohibit
any persons whatsoever, not citizens of their respective States, from
purchasing within the same any article of clothing or provision neces-
sary for the use of the army (unless so much as may be requisite
for their own private or famity's use or consumption), excepting only
such person or persons as shall produce a certificate, under the seal
and sign manual of the supreme executive authority of the respective
States. ...

December SO, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That after the 1st day of January next the
commissary-general of purchases be directed from time to time to
compute the cost of each part of a ration, agreeably to the prime cost
of the articles composing the same; and that he send a certificate
thereof to the Board of Treasury, and also to the commissary -general
of issues, who is thereupon directed to publish the same to the issuing
commissaries, to be b} r them observed, in lieu of the estimate made in
the 38th article of the commissary's regulations, passed by Congress
the 10th of June last.

December SI, 1777.

Whereas Samuel A. Otis, deputy clothier-general in the State of
Massachusetts Bay, hath signified to Congress that he hath contracted
with sundry persons in the said State for a large quantity of clothing
for the use of the Continental troops at the most extravagant rate of
10 to 1,800 per cent, and that some of the holders of the said goods
have even refused to deliver him the same until they shall receive the
cash, . . .

Resolved, Therefore, that Mr. Otis be directed to pay only for such
of the said clothing as he may have actually received at the rate for
which he may have contracted for such clothing.

II, ,,,/,-, <l. Thai it bo most earnestly recommended to the legislative
authority of the State of Massachusetts Bay immediately to take and
seize the residue of the clothing which the holders thereof have refused
to deliver to the said Samuel A. Otis, agreeably to the resolutions of
Congress of the 20th instant, which clothing shall be paid for in manner
and at the rate mentioned therein, and not otherwise.

January 6, 1778.

Resolved, That the clothier-general he directed to deliver to the order
of the director-general as much linen and as many blankets as can bo
spared, to be retained in the hospital for the use of the sick.

278 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That the clothier-general be directed to supply the convalescents with
necessary clothing, in order that, when properly recovered, they may
join the Army.

January 13, 1778.

Resolved, That ... a deputy commissary -general of issues be
appointed to act pro tempore for the troops aforesaid [from New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, constantly
employed in Rhode Island for the defense of the State and of the Provi-
dence Plantations]; that the deputy commissary-general of issues be
appointed by the council of war of the State of Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations; . . .. and that each . . . take the
oath of fidelity and office. . . .

January 1J/,, 1778.

-Resolved, That the order of the commissary of prisoners shall be a
sufficient voucher to the commissary or deputy commissary -general of
purchases for the delivery of provisions for the use of the prisoners
of war.

Resolved, That by the resolution of the 22d of October, 1777, the
commissary-general of purchases is invested with powers adequate to.
and sufficient for, the purpose of importing salt for the use of the Army.

Resolved, That the powers and directions contained in the resolution
aforesaid for procuring salt be extended to the article of rum for the
Armv.

-:: ft

Resolved, That the Board of War of the State of Massachusetts Bay
be requested to import from the middle and southern department
15,000 barrels of flour to supply the magazines of the eastern district
for the next campaign, over and above what may be imported by the
deputy commissary -general of purchases for that purpose, and deliver
the same to the commissary -general of issues or his deputies, these to
be deposited agreeably to the orders of the commanding officer in that
district, and that compensation be made to the board for their trouble
herein.

That the said board be empowered to purchase, charter, or hire on
freight, as they may judge most for the interest of these States, vessels
for this purpose, . . . for so much of the flour as they may order
to be shipped from Virginia; that if the whole quantity of flour can
not be readily obtained, the board be empowered to make up the defi-
ciency by importing rice from South Carolina.

* * ..

Resolved, That a deputy commissary -general of purchases be appointed
for the middle district, in addition to E.Blaine, and that the commis-
sary-general of purchases, after consulting with Mr. Blaine, be directed
to assign the part of the district in which the deputy commissary-
general shall act.

January 15, 1778.

Resolved, That one or more persons be immediately employed by tho
Board of War, on the best terms in their power, to purchase 30,000
barrels of flour, or wheat equivalent, and have it ground into flour, and

TflE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 270

to deposit 12,000 barrels, part thereof, at or near Lancaster, 8,000
barrels at or near Reading, 6,000 barrels at or near Bethlehem, 2,000
barrels at Downingtown, and 2,000 barrels at Pottsgrove.

* * *

That these magazines, being established without the interference of
the Commissary-General or his officers, shall when necessary be ordered
under the direction of the issuing commissary-general by the Board
of War.

* -X- *

That the Board of War enquire of His Excellency Thomas Wharton,
esq. , president of the council of the State of Pennsylvania, what meas-
ures have been taken by the legislature of that State for laying up
magazines for the Army; and if it should appear to the board, after
such inquiry, that measures for that purpose have been taken adequate
to the present critical situation of the Army with respect to supplies,
they be authorized and directed to suspend the execution of the whole
or such parts of the foregoing resolutions as they shall deem most
conducive to the general weal.

January 19, 1778.

Resolved, That copies of the proposals of W. Buchanan, commissary-
general of purchases, for establishing a communication to transfer pro-
visions from South Quay, on Albemarle Sound, in the State of North
Carolina, to Elkridge Landing, at the head of Patapsco, in the State of
Maryland [be transmitted to the governors of North Carolina, Virginia,
and Maryland, respectively], and that it be earnestly recommended to
them forthwith to establish a sufficient number of wagons and boats,
under the direction of active and careful persons, for transporting
weekly 500 barrels of meal across the communication in their respective
States, as specified in Mr. Buchanan's proposals, or on such other as
they shall deem more eligible, and to open proper roads, if necessary,
for such purpose.

February 3, 1778.

* * *

And whereas many persons employed as deputy or assistant com-
missaries . . . are dispersed in various parts of the continent,
over whom neither Congress nor the head of their respective depart-
ments can have the immediate inspection:

Resolved; That it be recommended to the legislative and executive
authority of every State to take effectual measures for preventing any
person within their States from exercising any office in the civil depart-
ment of the Army, or in any other civil department under Congress,
who shall not, when thereunto required by any magistrate, produce a
legal appointment to such office and a certificate of his having taken
the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or who shall neglect or refuse to
take ana subscribe the said oaths or affirmations within the time above
limited.

February IS, 1778.

Whereas there is great danger of the armies of the United States
being very much distressed if the exportation of beef and pork from
the State of North Carolina be not immediately prohibited: Therefore,

280 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMX.

Resolved, That the legislative and executive powers of the State of
North Carolina be earnestly requested immediately to lay an embargo
on all beef and pork, except so much as may be necessaiy for the ves-
sel's use for the voyage, and to take the most effectual measures to
prevent the embargo from being evaded.

February U, 1778.

Whereas . . . the general assembly of Pennsylvania have, by a
law, appointed commissioners in each county within their State to pur-
chase or seize wheat, flour, and other provisions, etc. , for the supply of
the Army, pursuant to such orders as they shall receive from Congress:

Resolved, . . . That the said commissioners deliver the live
stock by them purchased to the order of the deputy commissary-
general of purchases or his assistants, ... to whom severally
they are directed to send immediate notice when such purchases are
made. . . .

X - ^k -X-

And whereas the Board of War have judged it expedient and neces-
sary that a greater quantity of flour and other provisions than was
directed by the resolution of Congress of the 15th of January should
be purchased and other magazines formed besides these above men-
tioned, and have, agreeably to the powers vested in them by the said
resolution of the 15th of January, employed superintendents for the
purchase of flour, etc. :

Resolved, That the Board of War proceed in that business, and that
they direct their superintendents to purchase such farther quantities
of flour and provisions and have them conveyed to and secured in
such places as the board shall direct; and that they instruct such of
their superintendents as may purchase in Pennsylvania to avoid clash-
ing with the commissioners appointed by the law of that State in the
execution of their duty.

That the said board be empowered to appoint a suitable person at
each of the new magazines which they shall establish, with such a
salary as they shall judge reasonable, to inspect, receive, store, and
take care of the provisions purchased and conveyed thither by the said
superintendents, and to issue the same upon the orders of the Board
of War.

That the superintendents appointed by the Board of War be allowed
a commission, not exceeding 2 per cent, on all purchases by them
made, in full for their trouble and expenses therein, and that in pur-
chasing they do not exceed the prices established by the laws of the
States in which the purchases are made.

February 18, 1778.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the governor and council of
the State of Maryland ... be requested immediately to appoint
a commissary to purchase and supply the said militia [to be embodied
for guarding the prisoners at Fort Frederick] with provisions during
their service at that post.

February 21, 1778.

Resolved, That the Board of War immediately employ a suitable
number of proper persons on the east side of Susquehanna to pur-
chase meat . . . for the Armv. ...

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 281

February 27, 1778.

Resolved, That a compare of bakers be raised to bake bread for the
Army, the company to consist of

One director, at $50 a month and 3 rations a day.

Three subdirectors, at $40 a month and 2 rations a day.

Twelve foremen, at $30 a month and 1 ration a day.

Sixty bakers, at $24 a month and 1 ration a day.

That the company be enlisted for one year from the day of their
enlistment and be subject to the rules and articles of war.

That each foreman and baker have the same clothing as is allowed
to noncommissioned officers in the Continental service.

That the Board of War be directed to appoint the director and sub-
directors and cause the company to be raised and set to work with
the utmost despatch.

March 4, 1778.

Ordered, That the clothier-general send an assistant clothier to be
stationed with the Continental Army on Hudson's River, to superin-
tend the procuring and distribution of clothing.

That the issuing commissary of the army stationed on or in the
vicinity of Hudson's River, for the defence thereof, have authority,
with the concurrence of the commanding officer, to draw for supplies
of provisions on the purchasing commissaries in the eastern or northern
districts, as exigencies and the position of the troops may from time
to time require, taking special care not to interfere with any supplies
coming forward to or intended for the grand army.

March 13, 1778.

Resolved, That a commissary-general of purchases be appointed,
with full powers to depute or remove any officer of his department.

That each assistant purchasing commissary shall receive the follow-
ing allowances for purchasing provisions and other articles, viz:

Flour or meal, per cwt., 6-90ths of a dollar; hard bread, per cwt.,
8-90ths of a dollar; fresh pork, per cwt., 18-90ths of a dollar; salt pork
in barrels, per cwt., 24-90ths of a dollar; fresh beef, hide, and tallow,
per cwt, 24-90ths of a dollar; salt beef in barrels, per cwt., 24-90ths
of a dollar; salt, per bushel, 6-90ths of a dollar; molasses, per gallon,
3-90ths of a dollar; West India rum, per gallon, 3-90ths of a dollar;
American rum or whiskey, per gallon, 3-90ths of a dollar; rice, per
cwt., 6-90ths of a dollar; meat barrels, for packing beef, pork, or fish,
each, 4-90ths of a dollar; bread casks with lining hoops, each, 3-90ths
of a dollar; vinegar, per barrel, 3-90ths of a dollar; turnips and pota-
toes, per bushel, 4-90tns of a dollar; beans and peas, per bushel, <-90ths
of a dollar; pickled shad, per barrel, 12-90ths of a dollar; onions, per
bushel, 5-90ths of a dollar.

That each assistant purchasing commissary shall be allowed ten per
cent on the sum which he shall save by purchasing good provisions at
less prices than such as are fixed in the respective States.

That it shall be the duty of each deputy commissary -general of pur-
chases to superintend the assistant, purchasers under him, see that the
business of his department is properly conducted, and that full supplies
of provisions are seasonably procured in his district, and that ho .shall

282 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OE GENERAL STAFE OF U. S. ARMY.

be entitled to an allowance equal to l-5th part of the whole allowance
made to his assistants as aforesaid.

* * *

Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the commissary -general of pur-
chases to superintend all the officers of his department, to give the
necessary orders to the deputy commissaries-general, and see that the
business in each department is properly executed, and that full sup-
plies of provisions for the Army are seasonably procured, and that he
shall be entitled to an allowance equal to one-third, part of the whole
allowance made to his deputy commissaries-general as aforesaid.

That the allowance herein provided for the commissary and deputy
commissaries-general and assistant commissaries shall be in lieu of all
other rewards for their respective services and expenses, including the
pay of their clerks in purchasing provisions.

That the Commissary-General be directed to visit the armies and
posts, and that he be subject to the orders of the Commander in Chief,
and that he be excused from residing at the place where Congress sits,
he keeping a clerk and office there, to which all returns shall be made,
and which shall be under the inspection and direction of the Board of
War.

That the Commissary-General, deputy commissaries-general, and
assistant commissaries of purchases govern themselves in all other
respects by the regulations for the commissary's system passed in
Congress the 10th day of June last, and the subsequent resolutions of
the 4th day of October last, except such parts thereof as are altered
by these regulations.

March U, 1778.

Resolved, That John Moore, esq. , of the county of Albemarle, in
Virginia, be appointed to act as an assistant commissary of purchases
under William Aylett, esq., deputy commissary-general, for procuring
live cattle and pork for the use of the Army under General Washing-
ton, so long as the said deputy commissary -general may find his serv-
ices necessary. . . .

March W, 1778.

Ordered, . . . That a member be added to the said committee
[on the commissary's department] in the room of Mr. Harvie, who is
absent; the member chosen, Mr. F. L. Lee.

April 9, 1778.

The committee appointed to confer with Mr. Wadsworth, and to
whom their former report was recommitted, brought in another report:
whereupon,

The following questions were moved:

1. Whether Mr. Wadsworth, for discharging the duties of commis-
sary-general of purchases, shall be allowed half per cent on all the
moneys which shall be by him received and expended for the use of
his department?

2. Whether the deputy commissaries to be appointed by Mr. Wads-
worth shall be allowed half per cent on all moneys by them respec-
tively received and paid to the purchasing commissaries under them in
their respective districts ?

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 2&3

3. Whether the purchasing commissaries shall be allowed two per
cent for the moneys which shall be by them respectively received and
expended in the purchase of provisions for the Army, pursuant to the
orders of Mr. Wadsworth or his deputies?

And the yeas and nays being taken on these questions severally:
* * *

80 the} 7 were resolved in the affirmative.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of pur-
chases, and, the ballots being taken,
Jeremiah Wadsworth, esq., was unanimously elected.

April 9, 1778. Mr. Wadsworth resigned about August 6, 1777; March 30, 1778,
Messrs. Gerry, Clark, Lee, and Dyer were appointed a committee to confer with him
and inquire whether he will undertake the office of commissary-general of purchases,
and, April 2, 1778, Messrs. Drayton, Scudder, and Banister were added to the above
committee.

April 10, 1778. Messrs. Dana, Scudder, and Chase were constituted a committee
to confer with W. Buchanan, respecting his continuance in office, until Colonel Wads-
worth is ready to enter in the business.

April U, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases have full power
to appoint and remove every officer in his department.

That the Commissary-General shall, from time to time, as the ser-
vice may require, visit the armies and posts of the United States, and
be subject to the orders of the Commander in Chief.

That the Commissarj-General shall not be obliged to reside at the
place where Congress sits, but he shall there keep an office, to which
all general returns in his department shall be made, and which shall be
under the inspection and direction of the Board of War; eveiy officer
necessary to that office being daily allowed one ration of provisions,
office rent, firewood, candles, paper, wax, wafers, and quills being
furnished at the expense of the United States.

That the Commissary -General, or his clerk at the office of general
returns, shall receive from the Treasury, by warrant in the usual man-
ner, all sums of money necessary for the service of his department,
and shall be entitled to receive one-half per cent on all sums by him
paid to the deputy commissaries-general for the public service, who,
in their respective districts, shall furnish the necessary sums of inoney
to the purchasing commissaries in such districts. Each deputy com-
missary -general shall bo entitled to receive one-half per cent upon all
sums of money by him paid to the purchasing commissaries in his dis-
Irict, and also three rations of provisions when in camp. Each pur-
chasing commissary shall be entitled to receive a commission not exceed-
ing two per cent, upon all sums of money by him laid out in tho dis-
charge of his office; and the Commissary-General and his deputies
shall be allowed forage for their horses when at any post where there
is forage for the service of the United States, and shall have their
horses shod at any shop belonging to the United States.

That money for the use of the Commissary-General's Department
shall be t lansmitted from the Commissary-General's office to the respec-
tive deputy commissaries-general, and expresses sent on the necessary
business of that department at the expense of the United States.

That it be recommended to the government of the several States to
exempt from militia duties ;ill persons who are, bona fide, engaged in
the Commissary-General's Department.

284 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That the Commissary-General shall appoint an assistant to reside at
headquarters under the orders of the Commander in Chief. The assist-
ant shall be entitled to receive a dairy pay of five dollars, an allowance
of rations, twO for himself and one for his servant, forage for two
horses, which shall be shod at the expense of the United States.

That the Commissary-General, the deputy commissaries-general, and
the purchasing commissaries, respectively, shall provide teams and
drivers for transporting provisions at the expense of the United States
when teams and drivers for such service can not, in due time, be
obtained from the Quartermaster-General's Department.

That the Commissary-General shall assign to the several purchasing
commissaries their respective districts for the sphere of their purchases,
out of which they shall not make any purchases for the United States,
nor into which the}' shall not give any encouragement for the bringing
any commodities from any other purchasing commissary's district,
unless thereto expressly authorized by the Commissary-General or
deputy commissary -general of the district.

That each purchasing commissary upon his entrance into office shall
take an oath before some magistrate "that he will not directly nor
indirectly take any measure, nor cause or countenance any to be taken,
to raise the price of any articles within the view of the Commissary-
General's Department; that he will use his best skill and judgment in
purchasing on the most reasonable terms on account of the United
States, and that he will give to the Commissary-General from time to
time the earliest information of such frauds and abuses in his depart-
ment as shall come to his knowledge," and the affidavit so taken shall
be returned to the purchasing commissary -general and by him lodged
in the War Office.

That all persons in the Commissary-General's Department shall take
bills of parcels for all the articles by them respectively purchased,
receipts for all the moneys by them respective^ paid, and receipts for
all articles delivered, to be produced as necessary vouchers at their
several settlements.

That the purchasing commissaries shall make monthly returns to the
deputy commissaries-general of their respective districts of their pur-
chases and the prices paid, and shall settle their accounts once in six
months.

That the deputy commissaries-general shall once in every two months
make their returns to the Commissary-General's Office of general
returns and shall settle their accounts at that office whenever required
to do so by the Commissary-General.

That every three months the Commissary-General shall render to
Congress an account of his receipts and expenditures, and every nine
months a statement of the general returns of his department, and such
account and statement shall be returned at such other times as Con-
gress shall require.

April 16, 1778.

Resolved, That nothing contained in the system for the Commissary-
General's Department shall be construed to make the Commissary-
General liable for the misapplication of money for the use of his
department by any inferior officer in that department, provided that he
shall take bonds from the deputy commissaries-general and assistant
commissary -general, respectively, appointed by him, with not less than

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 285

two good and sufficient securities, in the sum of 20,000 dollars, to be
by him lodged in the Treasury office; and the said deputy commissaries
shall be exonerated of all sums of money by them respectively paid to
the purchasing commissaries, provided they shall take bonds from the
said purchasing commissaries, respectively, with not less than two
good and sufficient securities, in the sum of 10,000 dollars, which
bonds they shall lodge in the said Treasury office.

April 16, 1778. General Washington fixed the ration at 1^ pounds of flour or
bread, 1 pound of beef or fish or three-fourths pound of pork, and 1 gill of whisky
or spirits; or 1J pounds of flour or bread, one-half pound of pork or bacon, one-half
pint of pease or beans, and 1 gill of whisky or spirits. ( Orders, General Headquarters. )

April 21, 1778.

Congress having received repeated information that various abuses
prevail in the department of the commissary of hides: for securing
the hides and tallow belonging to the public,

Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to make such regula-
tions for conducting that department as they shall deem best calculated
to answer the end of its institution; that they be authorized to dismiss,
if they shall judge necessary, the persons who have been hitherto
employed to conduct the same, and to appoint others in their stead,
till the pleasure of Congress can be known, reporting to Congress the
names of the principal persons by them appointed to conduct the
business.

May 2, 1778. Congress authorized the commissioners at Fort Pitt, or, in their
absence, the officer appointed to command on the western frontier, to appoint a
proper person to perform the duties of commissary to the militia of the counties
of Rockingham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Montgomery, Washington, and
Greenbrier, Va.

May 28, 1778.

Resolved, That all further purchases of clothing on account of the
United States by the clothier-general, his deputies, or agents be forth-
with suspended, and that thej r be directed immediately to prepare and
bring in their accounts to the Board of Treasury, to be liquidated and
settled.

Resolved, That the hides belonging to the United States be applied
toward furnishing the Army with shoes, as heretofore, under the
direction of the Board of War; and that the said board do purchase or
cause to be purchased shoes, stockings, and linen, for the use of the
Continental Army, until the clothing department shall be properly
arranged and organized.

* * *

Ordered, That all the linen, shirts, stockings, shoes, and blankets
lately imported on account of these United States, now in Boston,
Portsmouth, or in any other places in the State of Massachusetts Bay
or New Hampshire, in whose hands soever the same may be, be imme-
diately sent forward to the clothier-general or his order, to be by him
delivered out, if necessary, for the use of the main army; and that the
other articles of imported clothing only, whether they should have
been delivered out to any persons in the clothing department or others,
or not, be removed with all convenient speed to Springfield, in
the county of Hampshire, in the State of Massachusetts Bay, there to

286 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

be stored, if practicable, under the constant care of a suitable store-
keeper, who shall see that they be properly aired and otherwise
attended to, so that they receive no damage by being stored; and the
person or persons in whose care the same clothing shall be is hereb} T
strictly forbidden to deliver out any part of the same without the
special order of Congress or the Board of War.

If the last-mentioned clothing can not all be conveniently stored in
Springfield, that then the residue be stored at Worcester, in the same
State, in like manner, and subject to the same directions as that part
which may be stored at Springfield. The packages are to be carefully
preserved for future transportation.

June 4, 1778. Congress appointed Messrs. Carroll, Matthews, and Wentworth a
committee to extract from the journals the resolutions relative to the regulations of
the Commissary's and Clothier's departments.

June 8, 1778.

Resolved, That an embargo be, and it hereby is, laid to prohibit the
exportation of wheat, flour, rye, indian corn, rice, bread, beef, pork,
bacon, live stock, and other provisions from any of these United
States, from and after the 10th day of June instant until the 15th day
of November next, unless sooner revoked by Congress; provided that
this embargo shall not be construed to prevent the taking on board
such provisions as shall be necessary for the stores only of any ships
or vessels of war or others trading to and from these States.

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the respective States
to take the most effectual measures for carrying the foregoing resolu-
tion into immediate execution.

Jane 10, 1778.

Resolved, That Governor Henry be requested to purchase for the
United States the articles contained in the list hereto annexed, being
part of the cargo of the French ship Le Fier Roderrique, as cheap as he
can, not exceeding the price following, viz, 450 Virginia money for
every 100 sterling, to be paid in tobacco at 10 dollars per hundred,
and that a letter be written to his excellency explaining the principle
of such limitation.

LIST OF ARTICLES.

. . . Men's silk and woolen stockings; woolen caps; the differ-
ent kinds of buckles; uniform buttons for officers and soldiers; sleeve
buttons; red cadis for the linings of uniforms; coarse and fine shirts;
woolen blankets; soldiers' hats; cloths, fine, for officers; ditto, coarse,
for soldiers, and light ditto for soldiers; brass inkstands; white flan-
nel sewing thread; linen spatterdashes for soldiers; soldiers' clothing,
ready-made; an assortment of handkerchiefs; . . . wrist bands
for shirts; serges of different colors, viz, scarlet, sky-blue, brown, and
white for linings; an assortment of sewing silks, men's shoes, soldiers'
knapsacks; an assortment of brown and white linens; white Malaga in
cases; red Burgundy in cases, 12 gross; claret in casks; 20 casks white
wine vinegar.

June 11, 1778. Patrick Lockhart, esq., was appointed to procure provisions and
other necessaries for the expedition to reduce the garrison of Detroit and compel
terms of peace from such of the Indian nations now in arms against the States lying
on or contiguous to the route between Fort Pitt and Detroit. The expedition was
deferred by resolve of July 25, 1778.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 287

July 8, 1778.

Ordered, That the clothier-general, or in his absence his deputy in
Philadelphia, be directed immediately to make out and lay before
Congress an exact and particular invoice of all and every kind of
goods, wares, and merchandise which have been purchased or taken
up by the clothier-general or any of his deputies within this city,
together with a list of names of the persons of whom they have been
purchased and from whom taken, and the prices at which they were
purchased.

July 13, 1778.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General be directed to furnish the
French squadron, under Mons. le Count d'Estaing, vice-admiral of
France, with such provisions, from time to time, as shall be directed
by the Murine Committee, and to make return of his proceedings and
expenditures on this occasion to that committee

August 18, 1778.

Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered and directed to take
such measures with regard to the making up, storing, and transporting
the imported clothing mentioned in the resolutions of Congress of the
28th of May last as to them shall seem expedient and best adapted to
present circumstances, anything contained in the said resolutions not-
withstanding.

August %, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases do procure in
Pennsjlvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, on the most reasonable
terms, 20,000 barrels of flour.

That the said commissary -general of purchases be directed to pro-
cure vessels for the transportation of the flour aforesaid, and that he
give timely notice of the sailing of said vessels, and confer thereon
with the Marine Committee, to the end that convoy may be obtained
and the -destination thereof directed. 1

August m, 1778.

The Board of War report that the commissaries-general of purchases
and issues have represented to them that, from the moving state of the
Army, many parts of the ration as established by Congress, can not
frequently be obtained, and, from the peculiar circumstances attend-
ing the supplies, there is sometimes an overquantity of one article,
w file others arc extremely scarce, some of the States affording greater
quantities of meat, while others abound more in flour; and that from
hence great embarrassments arise in the delivery of the stated ration;
and that under such fluctuating circumstances, which change with the
motions of the Army, it is impracticable and troublesome to apply to
Congress on every alteration of situations; whereupon

lusnl r.d . That the ( omniander in ( 'hief of the armies of the United

1 This action was baaed on the report of the committee, to whom the letter of the
commissary-general of purchases was referred, "that the transportation of flour to
the Eastern States by sea is wise and necessary."

288 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

States shall, in the army under his immediate command, and the com
mander of a department shall, in the army under his command, settle
and determine, according to circumstances, the ration to be issued to
the troops from time to time, giving an overproportion of a plentiful
article in lieu and in full satisfaction of such as are scarce or not to be
had, and which have been heretofore deemed part of the ration,
reporting from time to time to the Board of War such alterations and
regulations by them respectively made in this respect.

September 1, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be empowered
and directed to appoint and remove at his pleasure an inspector of cat-
tle, at a salary of four dollars a day, with an allowance of one ration a
day and forage for one horse.

That the duty of the said inspector shall be to receive and take
account of the fat cattle at camp from the several drovers; to inspect
over the bullock guard and pastures; to superintend the butchers, and
see that no cattle are killed but those tit for use; to keep accounts of
the beef delivered to the brigade commissaries, and settle the same
with them every month; to see that the hides and tallow are seasonably
delivered to the commissary of hides, and to superintend and regulate
everything relating to beef cattle at camp.

That he report monthly his proceedings to the Board of War, and all
occurrences worthy of notice within the line of his duty.

September 2, 1778.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the legislative or executive
powers of the State of Pennsylvania and the States southward thereof
to permit such vessels to load with flour, wheat, rice, corn, pease, or
beans for the Eastern States as shall come recommended by the
executive powers of such States, or any of them, to carry provisions
for the consumption of the people of those States.

September 11, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That General Washington be informed that
Congress have given orders for the purchase of 20,000 barrels of
flour, to be transported by water for that purpose; and that he be
authorized and directed to fix on the places where the said magazines
shall be established, and to give the necessary orders to the . . .
Commissary-General for carrying this resolution into execution.

September 12, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases be directed to
give orders to his deputies and assistants forthwith to deliver to the
commissary of forage and his deputies the bad wheat and offals of
wheat which they at present have, or may hereafter, in their respec-
tive possessions; and further, that the said commissar-general issue
orders to the purchasers to be careful not to purchase, in future, dam-
aged wheat, as the same is found by experience extremely injurious,
even, for the purposes of forage.

September 19, 1778. Mr. Mease asked Congress to appoint some one in his place.
Nothing, however, was done, and January 9, 1781, Congress requested that the
attorney-general of Pennsylvania institute proceeding against him for breach of trust
and abuse of office.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 289

October 2, 1778. 1

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative or,
when vested with sufficient power, to the executive authorities of the
States above mentioned [New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela-
ware, Maryland, and Virginia] to authorize and direct any civil magis-
trate within their respective jurisdictions, on an information given by
the commissary . . . general, or by the deputy commissary . . .
general of the respective districts, of any extraordinary quantity of
grain or flour being purchased and in the possession of individuals,
forthwith to issue his warrant empowering the informant to seize the
same for the public use, paying for the same such prices as to the respec-
tive legislatures appear proper, to prevent the practice of engrossing
those articles in future.

* * *

Resolved, That the embargo on provisions, which, by the resolution
of the 8th day of June last, was laid until the 15th day of November
next, be continued in force, subject to such exceptions as are recom-
mended bj T the resolution of September 2d, till the last day of January,
1779, or until such time as Congress shall give notice to the respective
States that sufficient supplies have been obtained for the operations of
the Army and for the French squadron; and that it be recommended
to the respective States to take the most effective measures for carry-
ing this resolution into effect-

* * *

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative and
executive authorities of the respective States not to grant any exemp-
tion from embargo to any vessels whatever, unless, in addition to the
former security recommended, the persons applying for the same com-
ply with the following stipulations, to wit:

* * *

That the shippers shall first agree with the Commissary-General, or
person by him duly authorized for such purpose, on the price for
which the flour shipped shall be delivered at one of the posts in the
Eastern States for the public use.

Resolved, That the exemption from the embargo, as recommended
by the resolution of Congress of September 2d, be extended to vessels
belonging to the Middle and Southern as well as those of the Eastern
States, under the restrictions and stipulations above mentioned.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General be authorized to despatch
provisions vessels to the eastward, with or without convoy, as in his
judgment shall be most conducive to the certain and speedy supply of
those articles for the Army of the United States and the fleet of
Count d'Estaing, notwithstanding any resolution of Congress hereto-
fore made on this subject.

October 13, 1778.

Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general, in the
State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of
the deputy commissary, . . . and the deputy clothier-general in

'This resolve was adopted because of the scantiness of the crops of wheat and
other grain in the States mentioned therein and to defeat the operations of numerous
speculators, forestallers, and engrossers.

S. Doc. 229 19

290 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the said State (they obtaining a warrant from the commanding officer
in the Southern Department) such sum or sums of money as may be
wanting in their respective departments. . . .

Resolved, That the deputy commissary, . . . and the deput} r
clothier-general, in the State of Georgia, when they deliver their
respective accounts of expenditures to the deputy pajmiaster-general,
do cause to be specified, on the receipts of the said accounts, that the
same were paid in Continental currency, and that the sum be fully
expressed in words.

October 16, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That the commissary -general of purchases pro-
vide a suitable supply of provisions for the said troops [guarding at
Charlottsville, Va. , British prisoners under the convention of Saratoga].

That the commissary-general of issues appoint a suitable person to
issue provisions to the said troops and to keep a regular account
thereof.

That regular accounts for provisions and fuel be made and trans-
mitted, from time to time, to the Board of War.

October 19, 1778.

Resolved, That Major James Gray be appointed deputy commissary-
general of issues in the Northern Department.

October 22, 1778.

Whereas upon the evacuation of this city [Philadelphia] by the Brit-
ish army certain seizures were made of goods and effects supposed to
belong to the subjects of Great Britain, antl other goods were taken
up under contracts entered into with the inhabitants of this city by
the officers in the departments of the . . . clothier and commis-
sary generals, and a committee hath been appointed by Congress to
examine into the conduct of the said officers in making the said seizures
and contracts, that justice may be done to the public and individuals,
but report hath not yet been made:

Resolved, That the Board of War direct such of the said goods, whether
seized or contracted for, as may be wanted for the immediate use of
the Army, especially for clothing, to be appropriated for that purpose;
and that the Board of War direct that the proper accounts be kept of
the goods so appropriated, the quantity and quality, and of whom
seized and with whom contracted for.

October 26, 1778.

Resolved, That for the future no wheat be purchased for forage by
any person for the use of the United States unless Congress shall

order otherwise.

* * *

Resolved, That whenever it may be necessary to emplo3 T merchant
vessels on account of these United States the same ought to be char-
tered rather than purchased; and that the Commissary-General, agent,
or contractor, on behalf of these United States, if he shall, at any time,
find it expedient to take into the service of the Government vessels to
be employed as transports on the high seas, and such vessels can not

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 291

be obtained without insurance on the part of Government, shall cause
the value thereof to be ascertained by three reputable men having
knowledge in such business, on oath and under their hands and seals;
which said valuation shall be invested in the charter party, and any
loss that may arise to the owner or owners by means of the enemy
shall be paid according to the common course of insurance.

October 28, 1778. T. B. Girardeau, deputy commissary-general of issues in South
Carolina and Georgia, resigned. General Howe provisionally appointed Mr. Mor-
decai Shetfall in his place.

November 7, 1*78.

Resolved, . . . That the commissaries-general of purchases and
issues and their deputies be directed to comply with such requisitions
as shall be made to them, from time to time, by the commissary -general
of prisoners, for such articles of provisions as shall be necessary to
furnish the British prisoners agreeably to the above direction of
Congress.

November 10, 1778.

Whereas it has become necessary not only that speedy and vigorous
measures should be taken to regulate the commissary's . . . depart-
ments, but also that constant attention should be paid to those depart-
ments:

Resolved, That Mr. Scudder, Mr. G. Morris, and Mr. Whipple be
a committee to superintend the same departments, and that they, or
any two of them, be empowered to take such steps relating to the
same as they shall think most for the public service.

November 30, 1778. Mr. Searle was added to the committee on the clothier's
department.

December 1, 1778.

Congress took into consideration a report from the Board of War of
the 14th of August last, wherein the board sets forth

That Colonel George Morgan, purchasing commissary for the Western
Department, has represented to the board the necessity of preparing
immediately for the laying of such magazines of provisions as shall be
sufficient for the troops maintained for the detense of the Western
frontiers; that for the supply of 1,300 men for ten months, 617,500
lbs. of flour, a like quantity of fresh beef or 494,000 lbs. of pork will
be necessary; the cost of which, with 1,500 gallons of whiskey, will
amount to 204,000 dollars; . . . whereupon,

Resolved, That Colonel George Morgan, commissary of provisions
for the Western district, be furnished with 204,000 dollars, to enable
him to form magazines of provisions for the use of that department
the year ensuing.

January 1, 1779. "The brigade commissaries are to deliver their hides and tallow
to the commissary of hides at Boundbrook." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-
brook.)

January 21, 1779. "The deputy clothier-general is to issue a woolen cap to each
effective man present belonging to the brigades in this camp on returns made by the
commanding officers of brigades, countersigned by the Adjutant-General."

"The brigade commissaries are regularly to turn in all the catties' horns and feet
at least once a week." (Orders, <;,n>i<<l Ifradquartrrs, Middlebrook.)

January 28, 1779. "John Mehelm, esq. [is] appointed commissary of hides for
the State of New Jersey." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middlebrook.)

292 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY

February 1, 1779.

Resolved, That the Commander in Chief give such directions as he may
think proper for arranging the commissary's . . . departments
to the westward, any resolutions of Congress notwithstanding; . . .

March 5, 1779.

Resolved, That the . . . commissary of purchases and clothier-
general and such of their deputies as they shall appoint for that purpose
be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to pay all certificates
(of the authenticity whereof they are or shall be satisfied) for provi-
sions, . . . clothing, or other articles within the line of their
respective departments, furnished by the inhabitants to the troops or
detachments, or in cases of necessity, where supplies could not be
obtained in a regular course; for which sums so to be paid they shall
be allowed for their trouble one-half per cent and no more. The evi-
dence of such supplies being furnished shall, so far as regards the party
of whom received, be the certificates of the officers receiving them.
But the officers in the said departments, the clothiers excepted, paying
the same shall notify the officers who gave such certificates to render
an account of the application of the articles so received, and the said
officers are hereby directed to render such account accordingly; and
the said . . . commissary-general and their deputies so paying
the said certificates are hereby authorized and empowered to examine
and settle the said accounts.

* * *

The clothier-general or his deputies shall transmit to the commis-
sioner appointed for settling the accounts of the arrearages of cloth-
ing due to the soldiers in the Army copies of such certificates as shall
be paid by him, that the officers signing the certificates may be called
on by the said commissioner to render an account of the distribution
of the articles, which shall be duly charged to the men who have
received them. In case of misconduct of any officer signing a certifi-
cate, the like proceedings shall be had, on the application and report
of the commissioner of clothing, as are hereinbefore directed.

No certificate given before this date shall be paid unless the same
be presented for payment within six months from this day; and no
certificate hereafter given shall be paid unless presented to the proper
officer within three months after the date thereof.

And whereas it will be necessary that in future certificates be more
formally authenticated, to prevent many inconveniences which may
arise similar to those already experienced:

Resolved, That certificates hereafter given by commissioned officers
for articles received for the use of the Army be signed with their
names at full length and the rank they hold, and if under a general
officer, that the regiment to which they belong be added;

That the particular articles received be inserted in the body of the
certificate, their value, the time when and place where received, in
letters and not in figures;

That the certificates be directed to the principal of the department,
whose duty it is to provide the articles so received, or his nearest
deputy, separate certificates to be given whensoever the articles apper-
tain to the several departments;

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 293

That officers keep exact copies of the certificates they give, and
transmit other copies to the nearest deputy or agent in the department,
giving him the necessary information respecting the business.

That the deputies transmit copies of all the certificates they pay to
their principals, that enquiry may be made whether the giving the
certificates was necessaiy for the public service and whether the things
received have been properly applied.

March 12, 1779.

Resolved, That the clothier-general be, and hereby is, ordered, if
there be any of the goods on hand by him taken from the merchants
of Philadelphia at the time of the evacuation of the city by the enemy
and not fit for the use of the Army, to return such goods to the persons
from whom they were taken without delay; that for all such goods as
he has sold to private persons he pay to the persons from whom they
were taken the sums for which they were sold.

* * *

That the clothier-general . . . pay to the memorialists from
whom goods were taken for public use the current price of the same
at the time the said goods were taken.

March 13, 1779.

Resolved, That the clothier-general ... be directed to lay
before Congress without delay a full account of the sales and distri-
bution of the goods taken from the inhabitants of Philadelphia when
that city was evacuated by the enemy.

March 16, 1779.

Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be
put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests,
trials, and punishments.

Whereas the issuing commissaries of provisions are by their appoint-
ments attached to particular departments, which from a change of
circumstances and position of the Army is become inconvenient:

Resolved, therefore, That all issuing commissaries shall for the future
attend and perform the duties of their office at such places and with
such detachments of the Army as shall be directed by the Commander
in Chief or commissary-general of issues.

March 23, 1779.

ORDINANCE for regulating the clothing department for the armies of the United

States.

There shall be a clothier-general, a sub or State clothier for each
State, and a regimental clothier.

The clothier-general is to be subject to the orders of the Board of
War and Commander in Chief. He Is to furnish estimates of the supplies
wanted for the Army; to apply to the Commander in Chief and Board
of War for assistance therein; to make returns of such estimates to
them respectively; to receive all supplies imported from abroad and
purchased in the country by continental agents; to superintend the

294 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF. GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

distribution thereof among the State clothiers; to settle accounts with
them at least every six months; to keep regular accounts of all the
clothing he shall receive, as well as the distribution thereof among
the State clothiers; and to transmit his accounts twice in every year
to the Board of Treasury and settle them in the chambers of accounts
when required; and, generally, to take care on the one hand that justice
is done to the public, on the other that the Army receive whatever
shall be allowed them in a regular, direct, and seasonable manner; and
at the same time so to act between the continent and each particular
State that equal and impartial justice. may be done on all sides.

THE SUB OR STATE CLOTHIER.

A sub or State clothier is to be appointed by each State, respec-
tively, to reside with or near the Army, or such detachment thereof in
which the troops of the said State may be, as the Commander in Chief
shall direct, the better to know and supply their wants. The State
appointing him is to be answerable for his conduct. In case of neglect
or misbehavior he is to be displaced by the Commander in Chief and
his successor to be appointed by the State to which he belonged. He
is to receive from the clothier-general the proportion of clothing
assigned for the troops of his State out of the public clothing imported
or purchased by continental agents, and from the State for which he
is appointed all the clothing which may at continental expense be pur-
chased in such State. Of the latter, their quality and price, he shall
transmit exact accounts to the clothier-general, and, when required,
submit the several articles to the inspection of the clothier-general or
any person for that purpose deputed by him. He is to issue all cloth-
ing supplied as aforesaid to the regimental clothiers on returns signed
by the commanding officers of regiments. He is to keep exact returns
with each regiment, inspect those of the regimental clothiers, see that
the articles delivered them are duly issued to the troops, and that all
the clothing procured at continental expense, above the allowance made
by Congress, drawn by noncommissioned officers and privates is charged
to them and credited to the pay roll, and that the commissioned officers
receive what is credited to them and no more. He is to keep exact
accounts with the clothier-general in behalf of the public, charging the
United States with only what is allowed to the officers and men.
Whenever the troops of any State shall have received their proportion
of clothing from the continental stores, the supplies purchased at con-
tinental expense by the State to which they belong, or from both, and
there shall remain a surplus which may be wanted for other troops not
fully supplied, the subclothier possessed thereof is to deliver over the
surplus to such other State clothier as the clothier-general shall direct,
taking duplicate invoices and receipts from the State clothier to whom
they shall be transferred, one set of which he is to deposit with the
clothier-general and the other to remain as his own voucher, the
clothier-general on his part making proper entries in his accounts, to
do justice to all concerned.

When, from a deficiency in the public store, the troops of any State
shall not have received their allowance of clothing, the State clothier
is without delay to represent their wants, particularly enumerated in
a return for that purpose, to the executive authority of the State to
which he belongs, requesting a speedy and adequate supply.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 295

And in case a State, at its own expense, shall give and deposit with
him any clothing, for the more comfortable subsistence of its quota of
troops, in addition to the allowance made by Congress, he is strictly to
pursue the directions of such State, as well with respect to the distri-
bution as the vouchers for the delivery and the manner and time of
settling his accounts, transmitting once in every six months a copy of
such accounts to the clothier-general, and as often, and whenever
required, to the State to which he belongs.

* * *

. . . And to prevent in future unequal distribution of clothing
either to the officers or soldiers, and the confusion and complaints,
which have heretofore been occasioned by irregular applications from
commanding officers of regiments to public agents in different parts, it
is hereby strictly enjoined on those agents, the clothier-general, and
the sub or State clothiers to issue no clothing on any pretence whatso-
ever but in the manner before prescribed, nor shall any article be cred-
ited to either of them on settlement of their accounts which is not to
be issued and vouched.

And whereas discretionary changes of the uniforms of regiments
have proved inconvenient and expensive, the Commander in Chief is
therefore hereby authorized and directed, according to the circum-
stances of supplies and clothing, to fix and prescribe the uniform, as
well with regard to the color and facings as the cut or fashion of the
clothes, to be worn by the troops of the respective States and regi-
ments, which shall, as far as possible, be complied with by all pur-
chasing agents employed by Congress, as well as particular States, by
the clothier-general, sub or State clothiers, and regimental clothiers,
and all officers and soldiers in the armies of the United States. And
where materials can be purchased instead of ready-made clothes it
shall always be preferred, in order that they may be made up by the
tailors of the several regiments, to save expense and prevent the dis-
ud vantages which the soldiers frequently suffer from their unfitness;
and instead of breeches, woolen overalls for the winter and linen for
the summer are to be substituted.

That the board of war prepare and transmit instructions and forms,
according to which the several clothiers are to conduct the business
and settle their accounts; and that the board of war report to Congress
the proper salaries or allowances to be made to the several clothiers
for their services.

March 88, 1779. " The Commander in Chief directs that the following ration be
delivered to the Army until further orders: 21 ounces of beef, or 18 ounces of pork;
16 ounces of bread or flour; 1 gill of spirits occasionally. , The usual quantity of soap
and candles." [Orders General Heaaqwarttrt, Middle-Brook.)

March SI, 1779. In view of the great fidelity, prudence, care, and economy which
characterised the services of the late Commissary-General Trumbull, Congress author-
ized the following allowances for the benefit of his heirs, viz: A commission of per
cent on the gross sum of all moneys received and disbursed by him; also, a commis-
sion of 2\ per centon such sums aa appeared to have been laid out in purchases made
by himself; and, i\ nail V, a further commission of per centon the gross sums received,
as a compensation for his extra services in issuing, purveying, quartermaster's duties,
and various contingencies of office, extra expense!, etc.

April 6, 1779.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the clothier-
general have a salary of 5,000 dollars per annum.
Whereas the duties of the sub or State clothiers who are to be

296 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

appointed according to the late regulations of the clothier's depart-
ment will be very unequal, the quota of battalions of the several States
differing:

Resolved, That each State determine and pay the salary proper for
its clothier, and that each State clothier shall be allowed two rations
and forage for one horse per day during the time he is in actual serv-
ice with the Army and going to and returning from the same;

That the regimental clothiers have an allowance of 30 dollars per
month in addition to their present appointment;

That the clothier-general be authorized to employ one clerk, who
shall receive the same allowance as the clerks of the auditors of the
Army.

April 8, 1779.

Resolved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be authorized to
appoint persons to purchase necessaries for the Arnry until the further
order of Congress.

May 11, 1779.

Resolved, That the pay of 200 dollars per month be allowed to the
deputy commissary -general of issues, to commence from the 1st day of
January last;

That the assistant commissaries of issues at every magazine, post,
or brigade of the Army be allowed 90 dollars per month, and the clerks
of the commissar-general and deputy commissary-general of issues
the sum of 80 dollars per month;

That the clerks of the brigade commissaries and those at posts and
magazines be allowed 50 dollars per month; but no such clerk to be
employed where the daily issues do not equal 400 rations;

That a clerk of the scales be allowed 35 dollars per month;

That every deputy commissary-general of issues be entitled to forage
for two horses;

That every brigade commissary be entitled to forage for one horse;
and whensoever the duty of the department requires the commissaries
at posts and magazines to travel, the quartermaster at the post shall
furnish a horse for the occasion;

When the [duty of the] deputy of an assistant commissaiy absolutely
requires that he should travel, he shall be allowed three dollars for
every day he shall so necessarily travel for and toward his expenses
on the journey;

That the deputy commissaries-general of issues shall once in six
months visit all the magazines, posts, and issuing stores in their respec-
tive districts, to examine the state of the provisions and stores, and
see that their assistants are punctual w the discharge of their duty,
and they shall be allowed three dollars per day for their traveling
expenses in making such circuits;

That an active list of all the commissaries of issues be made out once
in every three months and lodged with the Board of War; and ever}'
such commissary who shall have been in the department for one year
previous to this date, and now continues therein, shall be entitled to
draw out of the clothier-general's store one suit of clothes for himself
and one suit for his clerk, to be paid for at the same rate that officers
in the line are charged for the same; and that they continue annually
to do the same until Congress shall order otherwise.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 297

June U, 1779.

According to the order of the day, Congress proceeded to the elec-
tion of a clothier-general; and, the ballots being taken,

Mr. Peter Wikoff was elected, having been previously nominated
by Mr. Armstrong.

July 9, 1779.

Resolved, That the executive powers of each State be earnestly
requested instantly to make the strictest inquiry into the conduct of
every person within such State respectively employed, either in . . .
or purchasing, or issuing Commissary-General's Department, and in
case of any kind of misbehavior, or strong suspicion thereof, in any
such person not being an officer immediately appointed by Congress,
to remove or suspend every such person, ordering him at their discre-
tion to be prosecuted at the expense of the United States, and to appoint
another in his place if necessary, and so, from time to time, as occa-
sion may be, giving notice to the Board of War and also to the ? . .
Commissary-General in whose department such removal or suspension
shall be of the change; the person so appointed to have the same
authority and pay which the person removed had been vested with
and entitled to, or such pay as the said executive powers, respectively,
shall agree for, to be in like manner subject to the head of the depart-
ment to which he belongs, and to observe all the regulations for the
government of . . . deputy commissaries, respectively ; and that
the executive powers of each State be in like manner requested to
inquire into the number of persons employed in the . . . Com-
missaiy's Department, and immediately to discharge such as shall be
judged unnecessary.

July IS, 1779.

Mr. Persifer Frazer was nominated b}^ Mr. McKean for the office
of clothier-general;
Congress proceeded to the election; and, the ballots being taken,
Mr. Persifer Frazer was elected.

July 19, 1779. Mr. Frazer declined office of clothier-general.

July 23, 1779.

Resolved, That whensoever the business of the hide department shall
require it in any State, the Board of War be authorized and directed to
appoint a proper person to be commissary of hides therein, removable
by the said board for mismanagement, or when by the alteration of
circumstances in the particular State no such officer is further neces-
sary; provided, that when the business of the Department will admit
of it, two or more States may, by the said board, be put under the
direction of one commissary;

That the Board of War draw up instructions from time to time for
the direction and government ot the commissaries of hides in the
respective States, and they arc hereby enjoined to regulate their con-
duct by such instructions;

That it be recommended to the executive powers of the respective
States in which commissaries of hides are thought necessary to be
appointed to superintend their conduct, and in case of delinquency to

298 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

suspend the person acting in that office, informing Congress or the
Board of War thereof, and of the reason on which such suspension is
founded;

That the clothier-general have the superintendence of the commis-
saries of hides, and that he be allowed a clerk extraordinary to enable
him to transact the business with the said commissaries, who shall make
returns at least quarterly to the clothier-general, and he shall draw the
whole of the returns received from the several commissaries into a
general return and transmit the same quarterly to the Board of War;

That the clothier-general supply moneys from time to time to the
commissaries in the respective States, to enable them to perform their
contracts and pay their assistants and clerks, and that he be furnished
with money accordingly by the Board of Treasury, on estimates signed
by the Board of War;

That the respective commissaries of hides have so man} r assistants
and clerks as in the opinion of the Board of War the circumstances of
their business shall from time to time require;

That the pay of a commissary of hides be a sum not exceeding 300
dollars per month, one ration per day, the value of three rations more,
as it now is or hereafter shall be settled for officers in the line, and
forage for one horse;

That the pay of an assistant commissary be a sum not exceeding 140
dollars per month, one ration per day, and the value of one ration
more as above mentioned, and forage for one horse.

Resolved, That the pay of a clerk be a sum not exceeding a hundred
dollars per month, one ration per day, and the value of one ration
more as aforesaid.

July U, 1779.

Congress proceeded to the election of a clothier-general; and, the
ballots being taken,

Mr. James Wilkinson was elected, having been previously nomi-
nated by Mr. Henry.

August 16, 1779.

Resolved, That the clothier general estimate the value of the several
articles of soldiers' clothing at the prices they were respectively worth
at the end of the year 1778, and forthwith transmit such estimates to
the paymasters of the several regiments, who shall be furnished out
of the military chest with moneys to pay the soldiers for all deficien-
cies of clothing, at the estimated prices of every article as fixed by
the clothier-general, who shall henceforward transmit like estimates
before the close of every year during the war, so that the soldiers be
paid by the regimental paymaster, according to such estimates annually,
and previous to their discharge when the same happens before the end
of the year, for all articles of clothing allowed them by the resolution
of Congress of the 6th of September, 1777, which thej 7 have not
received, and which are or shall be due to them after the year last
mentioned.

August 17, 1779.

Ordered, That two members be added to the committee for superin-
tending the departments of the . . . Commissary-General.
The members chosen, Mr. Root and Mr. Scudder.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 299

September 1, 1779.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to

appoint a deputy for the special purpose of providing for the troops

of the convention of Saratoga and their guards during their stay in

Virginia.

* * *

Resolved, That he give orders to the said deputy to confine his pur-
chases to places from whence supplies for the armies of these States
can not conveniently be drawn.

Resolved, That the amounts of supplies for the said convention troops
be kept distinct from the accounts of those purchased for and issued
to the troops of the United States.

September 4, 1779. One hundred dollars monthly for subsistence allowed every
cornet of horse until further orders.

September 10, 1779.

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the governments of
the several States immediately to provide large quantities of clothing
for their respective quotas of troops.

That particular attention be paid to the articles of hats, hose, shirts,
blankets, and shoes, which are indispensably necessary and immedi-
ately wanted, and without which the troops must severely suffer.

That the clothing so purchased or procured by the States, respec-
tively, be delivered to the sub or State clothiers agreeably to the
ordinance of the 23rd of March last.

That the sub or State clothiers make regular monthly returns to the
clothier-general of all clothing received from their respective States.
* * *

Resolved, . . . That the Board of War be directed to inform
the executive powers of the several States from time to time of any
considerable additions to the stock of clothing provided bj r the United
States, by importation or otherwise, that whensoever all or any con-
siderable part of the clothing for the troops is or shall be provided by
the United States, the governments of the several States may gease
further provisions.

September- 17, 1779.

Resolved, That Congress entertain a just sense of the exertions of
the Board of War in superintending and directing the necessary pur-
chases of clothing for the Army, and of their constant attention to
that important business, and that it is necessary that the board should
for the present campaign, and until some more expedient arrangement
can be adopted, provide by (5 very means in their power, and upon the
best terms they are able, the necessary supplies of clothing as aforesaid.

September 27, 1779.

Resolved, That a member be added to the committee appointed to
superintend the . . . Commissary-General's departments, and that
another be elected in the room of Mr. Whipple, who is absent.

The members chosen, Mr. Jenifer and Mr. Mercer.

300 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

September 30, 1779.

Resolved, That Mr. J. Bradford, Continental agent at Boston, be
directed to sell and deliver, out of the stores of these United States
there, to the State of New York, on or before the 1st day of January
next, or to such pej-son or persons as shall be authorized by them for
the purpose, any quantity of sugar and rum, not exceeding 500 hogs-
heads of the former and 50 hogsheads of the latter, at the current
wholesale price of those articles in cash; and that it be recommended
to the legislature or executive powers of the said State to cause the
said rum and sugar to be sold and distributed among the people in
such manner as that all may partake of the benefit intended them,
and at no higher price than will raise the amount of the prime cost
and charges;

That the marine committee be directed to give the necessary orders
to enable the Commissary-General to perform his engagements actually
made with the people for sugar, &c.

* *

That the Commissary- General be informed that, although the neces-
sity of the case may justify his using the expedient in this instance,
yet Congress can not approve of his making any purchases in ordinal
cases otherways than for money.

October 18, 1779.

Resolved, That the board of war be directed to give the necessary
orders to the commissary -general of purchases and the commissary-
general of issues for supplying the convention troops with rations of
Indian meal, in lieu of flour. ...

October 28, 1779.

Resolved, That the board of war be authorized to purchase a quan-
tity of leather, not exceeding 100,000 lbs. weight, in the State of
South Carolina.

That the board of war be authorized to draw upon the governor of
the State of South Carolina for such sum or sums as will be necessary
to pay for the said leather, and that the governor of the said State of
South Carolina be requested to advance, out of the taxes raised on the
Continental account, such sums as shall be drawn for by the board of
war for that purpose.

November 5, 1779. Messrs. Wynkoop and Forbes were added to the committee
appointed to superintend the commissary-general's department.

November 11, 1779. "The commissary-general having represented the difficulty of
keeping up his supplies of flour, owing to the uncommon drought which has stopped
most of the mills, the Commander in Chief is under the necessity, on that account,
of reducing the ration of that article till further orders to three-quarters of a pound
per day, the deficiency to be made up in meat and roots." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Moore 1 s House.)

November IS, 1779. "The commissaries to issue the following quantities of meat
or vegetables in lieu of the reduced ration of flour: For every 100 lbs. of flour reduced
from the issue, 75 lbs. beef or 50 lbs. pork, or, if received in vegetables, 1\ bushels
pease, or 2\ bushels beans, or 8 bushels potatoes, or 12 bushels turnips, and so on in
proportion for any greater or less quantity." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's
House.)

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 301

November 16, 1779.

Resolved, That in addition to the subclothiers appointed by virtue
of the ordinance of the 23rd of March, 1779, for regulating the cloth-
ing department, the clothier-general, with the approbation of the board
of war and the Commander in Chief, appoint a subclothier to receive
from the clothier-general and the several sub-State clothiers the pro-
portion of clothing assigned the artillery, cavalry, artificers, and corps
composed of troops from different States, according to the general esti-
mate, and to cause such clothing to be distributed to the officers and
soldiers of the several corps aforesaid, and in all other respects to gov-
ern his conduct in the execution of the said business agreeably to the
regulation of Congress of the 23rd of March, 1779, respecting the
subclothiers.

November 17, 1779. "The subclothiers of the respective States or those appointed
to act pro temp, are to call at the clothier-general's store at New Burg to-morrow to
receive their proportions of blankets; if the blankets differ in quality, the clothier-
general is to regard this circumstance, giving to each State of the best and worst in
due proportion." Soldiers who were enlisted for the war, or three years, are only
entitled to blankets. {Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.)

November 25, 1779.

Whereas, Congress by sundry resolutions have provided that cloth-
ing be furnished to officers of the line and others, at prices propor-
tioned to their pay; but no enumeration of the articles intended to be
comprehended in a suit of clothes having been made or any rules
explicitly laid down for the delivery of or payment for the same:

Resolved, That the following articles be delivered as a suit of clothes
for the current and every succeeding year of their service to the offi-
cers of the . . . staff, entitled oy any resolution of Congress to
receive the same, viz :

One hat, one watch-coat, one body-coat, four vests, one for winter
and three for summer; four pair of breeches, two for winter and two
for summer, four shirts, four stocks, six pair of stockings, three pair
thereof worsted and three of thread, four pair of shoes.

For which articles of clothing the officers shall pay, on receipt
thereof, one-half more than the prices at which the same were cur-
rently sold before the commencement of hostilities in April, 1775;
and for this end the purchasing agents employed on Continental account
shall transmit to the clothier-general, with the clothing they shall
respectively purchase, the prices marked thereon at the rates afore-
said, and also current invoices of the same and copies of such rates and
invoice, to the board of war, and all clothing purchased on Continental
account by the respective States shall be valued, marked, and invoiced
in like manner, and copies of such invoices and rates also transmitted
to the board of war and the clothier-general; the clothing so pur-
chased shall be distributed to and among the sub or State clothiers, to
be issued by them to the regimental clothiers, and by the latter to the
officers of the regiments and corps; and the said regimental clothiers
shall receive from the officers, on delivery of the clothing, the prices
thereof so fixed, and they shall every three months settle their accounts
of monies received for clothing with the auditors of the army in which
they shall serve, and pay the monies which in such settlements shall
be found chargeable to them, or in their hands, to the paymaster-general

302 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

or deputy paymaster-general of the army or detachment in which such
regimental clothier shall serve; and the said paymaster-general or dep-
uty paymaster-general shall make returns of the amount of all such
monies so received to the board of treasury, that the said paymaster-
general or deputy paymaster-general may be duly charged with the same.
The auditors making such settlements with the regimental clothiers shall
transmit to the paymaster or deputy paymaster-general abstracts of such
settlements, specifying the balances due from the regimental clothiers,
respectively, that in cases of neglect they may be duly called on for
payment of the same; copies of such abstracts shall also be transmitted
to the board of treasury. Excepting from this rule of distribution
all staff officers not taken from the line, who are to receive their cloth-
ing immediately from the clothier-general, or if attached to the corps
of or residing in any State at a distance from the clothier-general's
store, from the subclothier of such State, pajang for the same at the
rates aforesaid; and all monies so received by the clothier-general or
sub or State clothiers shall be placed to the credit of the United States,
and accounts thereof duly transmitted to the board of treasury, the
clothier-general to be charged in the settlement of his contingent
account with the monies so received and the sub or State clothiers to
be accountable for and pay the monies received by them to the order
of the executive of the State appointing them, respectively, and the
State to be charged in its clothing account with the amount of such
monies. Excepting also all staff officers who receive commissions on
their expenditures of public monies, who are not to receive any cloth-
ing provided at Continental expense.

That all clothing issued to noncommissioned officers and soldiers,
enlisted artificers, and wagoners, beyond that allowed to them as a
bounty, shall also be valued and paid for at the rate before mentioned,
but no noncommissioned officer, soldier, wagoner, or artificer shall be
entitled to purchase in any one year out of the public store any other
additional articles than those of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not
more of these than are absolutely necessary, and not exceeding the
number of the like articles allowed as their bounty clothing.

That all the clothing before mentioned for officers in the line and
soldiers shall be issued on returns certified by the commanding officer
of the corps to which they belong; all clothing to staff officers on the
certificate of their principal with the army or in the district within
which they shall serve; to artificers on the certificate of the command-
ing officer of their corps, and to wagoners on the certificate of the
Quartermaster-General, one of the assistant quartermasters-general, or
of the deputy quartermaster-general employing them, or of the wagon
master general, or deputy wagon master general under whom they
serve.

That no staff officer, artificer, or wagoner, not being engaged for at
least one year, shall receive clothing; and if any such officer, artificer,
or wagoner, being engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such
clothing, shall quit the service before the expiration of the term for
which he or they are or shall be engaged, he or they shall forfeit and
pay the full value of such clothing and be subject to all other penal-
ties and inconveniences attending his or their breach of contract or

desertion.

* *

Resolved, That the departments of the . . . commissaries-
general of purchases and issues be, for the future, under the super-

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 303

intendency and direction of the Board of War; and that the committee
of Congress on those departments deliver over to the Board of War
all papers in their hands respecting them and thereupon be discharged.

November 6 26, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That no clothing shall be sold or delivered to
noncommissioned officers or soldiers beyond the articles they have
received as their bounty until the whole of the Army shall have received
their bounty clothing, it being the intention hereof that the surplus
only shall be disposed of.

November 29, 1779. Jeremiah Wadsworth, commissary-general of purchases, was
given leave to resign his office on January 1, 1780.

November 30, 1779.

Revolved, That the Board of War be directed to procure from the
. . . commissaries-general, ... a return of all the assist-
ants, deputies, officers, agents, and other persons employed in their
respective departments, the districts in which they are so employed,
and the terms upon which they are engaged; and that such returns be
made by the first day of January next.

December 2, 1779.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of pur-
chases; and, the ballots being taken,
Ephraim Blaine, esq., was elected.

December 4, 1779.

Resolved, That J. Wadsworth, esq. , be informed that Congress have
agreed to accept his resignation, and have elected Ephraim Blaine,
esq., to succeed him, but as Mr. Blaine has not yet signified his accept-
ance, and a failure of supplies may be attended with dangerous conse-
quences, that Mr. Wadsworth, and the deputies under him, be desired
to continue in the business of supplying the Army until his successor
shall have accepted and shall be in capacity to enter upon and execute
the duties of the office.

December 11, 1779.

Resolved, That the legislature of the State of Virginia be requested
to furnish for the Army of the United States, on or before the 1st
day of April next, 20,000 barrels of indian corn, and transport the
-;u i Hi to such places within the said State as the commissary-general of
purchases shall direct.

That the legislature of the State of Maryland bo requested, in addi-
tion to the 15,000 barrels of Hour heretofore required of them, to fur-
nish for the Army of the United States, on or before the 1st day of
April next, 5,000 barrels of Hour and 5,000 barrels of indian corn.

That the State of Pennsylvania be requested to furnish for the
Army of the United States, on or before the 1st day of April next,
50,000 barrels of flour, or wheal in proportion.

That the 10,000 barrels of Hour, or wheat in proportion, heretofore

304 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

requested from the State of Delaware by the committee of Congress,
be furnished as soon as possible.

That 8,000 barrels of flour be requested from the State of New
Jersey, part of which to be furnished as soon as possible, to answer
the immediate demands of the Army.

That the State of Connecticut be requested to furnish for the Army
of the United States 8,000 barrels of flour.

December U, 1779.

Whereas the aid of the several States is necessary in furnishing
provisions for the Army and other supplies for carrying on the war,
and justice requires that they be called upon to furnish their respective
quotas at equitable prices:

Resolved, That all States shall be called upon to furnish their quotas
of such supplies as may, from time to time, be wanted for carrying on
the war; and in making the requisitions due care shall be taken to
suit the convenience of the several States; and the articles by them
respectively furnished shall be credited towards their quotas of the
monies which they are called upon to raise for the United States, at
equal prices for articles of the same kind and quality, and for others
in due proportion; and the accounts shall be finally compared and
adjusted so as to do equity to all the States.

December 17, 1779.

Resolved, That when the legislature of any State shall have under-
taken to procure its quota of any of the articles required, all purchases
of such articles by the commissaries . . . shall in such State be
discontinued. . . .

December 24, 1779. The honorable the Board of War having procured a small
supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers of
the line and staff who are not adopted by any State, the clothier-general is to
deliver them upon returns signed by the commanding officers and heads of the fol-
lowing corps and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the
25th of November last: Regiments of cavalry, of additional infantry, and companies
of artillery; Corps of Engineers, including sappers and miners; Armand's and Lee's
corps; aides-de-camp not belonging to the line; surgeons of the general and flying
hospital; muster-masters; judge-advocate; auditors and deputy paymaster-general;
military surveyors. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. )

January 1, 1780.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be allowed a
salary at the rate of 40,000 dollars by the year, until the further order
of Congress; also six rations a day and forage for four horses.

Resohied, That an assistant commissary be appointed by the Com-
missary-General to each of the States in which it shall be necessary
that purchases be made under him, and in which provision shall not
have been made by the States, respectively, for furnishing the neces-
sary supplies.

That the said assistant commissaries be allowed on all good mer-
chantable articles which may be purchased by them or under their
direction, respectively, two per cent on 20-fold the prices they were
sold at in the year 1774, until the further order of Congress; out of
which they shall pay all their agents and defray the whole expense

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 305

attending such purchases; nor shall they or any of their agents be
entitled to rations or forage, except when called by the necessary
business of their department to attend the Army.

And in order the better to ascertain such prices,

Resolved, That the executive power of every State be requested to
return to the board of treasury a list of the commodities usually sold
within such State, and the price current in the year 1774; and that
copies of such lists be furnished from thence to the Commissary-
General and his assistants;

That the Commissary-General be directed to keep regular accounts,
in which he shall charge all persons belonging to his Department with
the money advanced to them, and give them credit for the purchases
made by them, entering their respective accounts at large; that he
check all accounts within his Department and reject improper charges;
direct the manner in which the accounts of his respective deputies shall
be kept, ordering the articles purchased to be entered under distinct
heads, so that the expenditures for each separate article may be seen
at one view; that he shall once in every three months, or oftener if
required, exhibit a fair and comprehensive view of the state of his
purchases, in columns; the manner in which the same has been expended,
and the stock oh hand, with the price of each article, and the State,
county, and district in which purchased;

That every assistant commissary make monthly returns to the Com-
missaiy-General of the articles purchased, the price, the name of the
agent by whom the same were bought, and the persons to whom deliv-
ered, or, if still on hand, at what place stored;

That no money be advanced to any assistant commissary until he
has made such returns and accounted for money received, rendering
to the Commissary -General receipts from his agents for the money
advanced to them;

That every assistant commissary call upon his agents for monthly
returns of their expenditures, without which returns no further sums
be advanced to them, but that they be sued to account for the money
in their hands;

That the commissary -general of issues be, and he is hereby, directed
to make monthly returns of the number of rations issued, to what per-
sons, and at what place, to the Board of War, in order to take their
direction as to the continuing such issues;

January 7, 1780.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be empowered
to appoint an assistant, whose duty it shall be to remain at headquar-
ters and receive the directions ot the Commander in Chief and the
Commissary-General;

That the said assistants be allowed a salary at the rate of 10,000 dol-
lars per annum, two rations a day, and forage for one horse, until the
further order of Congress;

That the coopers, butchers, packers, drovers, and superintendents
of cattle be under the regulations and directions formerly established
by resolutions of Congress.

January 7, 1780. A pound of hard or soft bread and one-quarter of a pound of
indian meal or a pound of flour and a pound of beef or fourteen ounces of pork to be
the daily ration until further orders. {Orders, General Headquarters, Momstowiu)

S. Doc. 229 20

306 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January 17, 1780.

Resolved, That in addition to his pay of 4 dollars per day, the said
Asa Worthington [employed as inspector of cattle in the Department
of the Commissary-General from November 18, 1778, to January 15,
1780] be allowed the sum of 3,940 dollars in compensation for his
services and expenses to this date. .

* * *

Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases be allowed two
clerks, to be by him appointed;

That each of the said clerks be allowed the same salary as clerks of
the board of treasury.

January 27, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the issuing commissaries be respectively
directed not to deliver rations, or parts of rations, to any hospital com-
missary, unless on returns signed by him and countersigned by the
principal physician or surgeon of the respective hospitals, specifying
the names and stations of the persons for whom, and for what time,
the rations are drawn; and that the hospital commissary be also required
to annex to each return the receipts of the persons to whom he shall
have delivered the provisions drawn on the last return ;

That the commissary -general of issues direct the form of the returns
and receipts aforesaid.

January 27, 1780. Issues of commissary stores to members of Congress under reso-
lution of October 2, 1777, to be discontinued.

February 25, 1780.

Resolved, That the several States be called on forthwith to procure
their respective quotas of supplies for the ensuing campaign as fol-
lows, to wit:

N. Hampshire. 11,200 hundredweight of beef, 35,643 gallons of
rum.

Massachusetts Bay. 56,000 hundredweight of beef, 12,126 bushels
of salt, 195,628 gallons of rum.

Rlwde Island. 2,240 hundredweight of beef, 2,000 bushels of salt,
18,621 gallons of rum. . . .

Connecticut. 78,400 hundredweight of beef, 1,011 bushels of salt,
68,558 gallons of rum. . . .

New York.. 11,200 hundredweight of beef, 13,969 barrels of
flour. . . .

New Jersey. 18,000 hundredweight of beef, 10,000 barrels of flour,
3,758 bushels of salt. . . .

Pennsylvania. 40,000 barrels of flour, 14,189 bushels of salt, 24,423
gallons of rum. . . .

Delaware. 3,055 barrels of flour. . . .

Maryland. 40,000 hundredweight of beef, 20,000 barrels of
flour. . . .

Virginia. 47,000 hundredweight of beef, 1,278 barrels of flour,
10,700 bushels of salt, 100,000 gallons of rum. . . .

North Carolina. 49,875 hundredweight of beef, 15,000 barrels of
flour, 4,500 bushels of -salt. . . .

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 307

South Carolina. 16,000 hundredweight of beef, 52,000 hundred-
weight of rice, 5,000 bushels of salt, 12,000 gallons of rum. . . .

Resolved, That pork be received from any State in lieu of beef, in
quantities proportioned to the prices assigned to each.

Resolved^ That Continental rum, or other spirits suitable for the
Army, be received in lieu of West India rum, in proportion to the
prices assigned to each.

Resolved, That the articles aforesaid be collected and deposited or
delivered, at the risk of the respective States, in such places within
each State, respectively, as the Commander in Chief shall judge most
convenient. . . .

Provided^ That such of the said articles as shall be destroyed or
taken by the enemy, after being deposited as aforesaid, or which shall
be damaged by long keeping, shall be paid for by the United States.

Resolved) That the respective States be credited for all such com-
modities, being of good and sufficient quality, as shall be received for
the use of the United States, by persons appointed to inspect the same,
at the prices following, to wit:

Merchantable flour, per hundredweight gross, viz, 112 lb., 4 dollars.

Beef, best grass fed, which shall be delivered between the first day
of July and the first of December, 5 dollars per net hundredweight.

Beef, best stall fed, which shall be delivered in the month of Decem-
ber, 6 dollars per net hundredweight; and for all that shall be delivered
after the 1st of January and before the 1st of July, 8 dollars per net
hundredweight.

Fresh pork, well fatted with corn or rice, 7 dollars per net hundred-
weight; salted pork, per barrel, well fatted as aforesaid, containing 220
lb. net, 22 dollars; salted beef, per barrel, containing 240 lb. net, 17
dollars; . . . rice, well cleaned, per bushel, 1 dollar; white beans
and peas, per bushel, 1 dollars; wheat, per bushel, weighing 60 lb., 1\
dollars; spelts, dollar per bushel; buckwheat, per bushel, f of a dol-
lar; rough rice, f of a dollar per bushel; merchantable rice, 3 dollars
per hundredweight; . . . West India rum, good proof , If dollars
per gallon; best alum or rock salt, per bushel, 3 dollars; and other
salt in proportion.

Continental rum, good proof, 1 dollar; and other spirits, good proof,
suitable for the Army, at prices in the usual proportions to the price
of rye.

Resolved) That when any State shall have taken the necessary meas-
ures for furnishing its quota of the said supplies and shall have given
information thereof to Congress, such State be authorized to carry
into effect the resolution of the 17th of December last for discontinuing
purchase of such supplies by the commissaries . . . within the

same.

* * *

Zi'rsol/ved) That it be recommended to the States to furnish such parts
of their quotas of meat, in beef cattle, as the commissaries shall from
time to time have occasion for, to supply the Army with fresh beef
through the different seasons of the year.

That only such quantities of beef and pork be salted, to be delivered
in barrels, as shall be requested by the Commissary-General.

That the hides and tallow of the beef cattle, delivered on foot, shall
be received and credited at the same price as the beef.

That the provisions furnished by authority of any State for the use

308 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

of the Army since the first day of December last may be credited as
part of the quota of supplies assigned to such State at the prices fixed
in the foregoing resolutions, if such State desire it.

July 10, 1780.

Resolved, That all clothing arriving from Europe belonging to the
United States be delivered at the port of arrival to the agents appointed
by the Board of War to receive them, without passing through the
hands of the Continental agents for prizes, any former order to the
contrary notwithstanding.

July 15, 1780.

A commissary and his deputy of purchases or issues ... 1 cov
ered 4-horse wagon.

A deputy commissary with a separate army ... 1 two-horse
wagon or two bathorses.

* * *

Resolved, That, in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and
bathorses by these regulations, there be issued . . . :

To a . . . commissary -general of purchases, four [rations];
commissary -general of issues, two; brigade commissary, one; . . .

August %%, 1780.

Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the
destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public
stores and provisions upon which the existence of the armies of these
United States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made
for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the
commissary-general of purchases, commissary-general of
issues, clothier-general, . . . and hide department: Therefore,

Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted
with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other
property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general
court-martial, of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose,
embezzled, or willfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the
provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili-
tary or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of
America, snail suffer death or such other punishment as shall be
directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree
of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and every person in any
of the said departments, intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted
at a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of
the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall suffer
such punishment as the said court shall, in their discretion, direct,
according to the degree of the offense.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 309

August 23, 1780.

Resolved, That no certificates issued in the . . . and commis-
sary's departments after the 15th day of September next, afford any
claim upon the United States, unless issued under the following regu-
lations:

1st. That they be for services performed or articles purchased within
their respective departments.

2dly. The . . . commissary-general shall themselves sign all
such certificates as are issued in their respective departments

3dh r . All suoh certificates shall be given for specie or other current
money equivalent.

ithly. All contracts or purchases made, for which certificates shall
be given, shall be made for specie value.

5thly. The articles so purchased shall be enumerated in such certifi-
cates, with the rates and prices thereof; and the prices shall be reason-
able when the present circumstances of our affairs are compared with
the cost of articles of like quality, or services performed, in the year
1775, or when compared with the allowance by Congress to the United
States, as expressed in their resolution of the 25th of February last.

Resolved, That the certificates issued under and agreeable to the
foregoing regulations shall bear an interest of six per cent per annum
from the time stipulated for payment until paid.

Resolved, That the . . . commissary -general be, and hereby are,
strictly enjoined to make monthly returns of their purchases and pro-
ceedings to the board of war, and make monthly returns, to wit, on
the last day of every month, to the board of treasury, of all certificates
so issued as aforesaid.

August <26, 1780.

Resolved, That, all and singular, the creditors of these United States
for supplies furnished the Army, or the transportation thereof, shall
be entitled to receive the just value of the sums due them, respectively,
in the bills of credit emitted pursuant to the act of the 18th of March
last, the value of the sums due to be ascertained according to the cur-
rent value of Continental bills of credit compared with specie at the
time the money became due, at the place where the supplies were fur-
nished; provided the same do not exceed the prices fixed for such sup-
plies by the act of the 25th of February last, or a proportionate value
for services done and articles furnished not mentioned in the said act;
but if the nominal sum, in Continental currency, contracted for, when
reduced to specie value as aforesaid, shall exceed the fixed prices afore-
said, the creditor shall be entitled to receive the amount of the sup-
plies furnished or service done at the said fixed or proportionate prices
in the new bills aforesaid, or the nominal sum contracted for in Conti-
nental bills of credit, and no more, at his election.

That the accounts being duly examined and adjusted by the rule
aforesaid, by commissioners that may be appointed agreeably to the
resolution of the 12th of June last to settle the accounts of officers of
the staff departments in the several States, or by the officer who made
the contract or by whom the payment is to be made, the same shall be
paid, or a certificate given for the sum justly due, certifying that the
same has been duly examined and adjusted, agreeably to the directions
aforesaid; and, if paid in the new bills, the interest on the said bills
shall be computed to the date of such certificate.

310 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY.

That all debts due to the United States for monies received for their
use, or otherwise, within any of these States, shall be paid according
to the just value of the money when it was received or became due,
to be ascertained as aforesaid.

August 28, 1780. "Great irregularity having prevailed in the issues of rum to the
several brigades, for the future it is to be issued in the following proportion when
there is any in the magazine: To a col. or It. col. -commandant, half a gallon per
week; to a It. col. or maj., three pints per week; to a capt., two pints; and a subal-
tern, a pint and a half per week. Rum is to be issued to the soldiery in rainy weather
and on fatigue, but on no other occasions, except by special order from headquar-
ters at a gill per man." {Orders, General Headquarters, Tean Neck.)

August 30, 1780. "It was omitted in the order of the 28th instant regulating the
issue of rum that the regimental surgeons are to draw the same quantity as a capt.
and the mates as a subaltern." (Orders, General Headquarters, Tean Neck.)

September 8, 1780.

Resolved, That magazines of provisions . . . for 15,000 men for
6 months be immediately provided and laid up for the southern army.

That two-thirds of the flour and beef required from Maryland, by
the resolution of the 25th of February last, be retained in that State
for the above purpose, and stored at some safe and convenient places
on or near navigable water.

Resolved, That North Carolina furnish magazines of . . . flour
and salted provisions to the utmost of their ability, to be stored at
such convenient places as to the commanding officer of the southern
department shall appear most eligible.

/September 15, 1780.

Ordered, That the committee appointed to confer with the directors
of the Bank of Philadelphia apply to the said directors and request
them to purchase 500 head of cattle, in lieu of part of the flour engaged
by them to Congress, or to furnish the Commissary-General with suf-
ficient money to purchase the said cattle, for which the Commissary-
General is to be accountable, a duplicate receipt to be taken and lodged
with the treasury board.

Resolved, That for the supply of the Army the States of New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts Bay, and Connecticut be called upon to furnish
weekly 1,000 head of cattle, in the following proportions, to wit:

New Hampshire 76

Massachusetts Bay 315

Connecticut 539

1,000

Ordered, That copies of the above resolution be forwarded by express
to the said States, respectively, and that the President, in his letter,
urge the necessity of an immediate and full compliance therewith, and
the fatal consequences which must fall upon the Army in case of fail-
ure in either.

.Resolved, That the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Dela-
ware be requested, with all possible despatch, to furnish for an imme-
diate supply to the Army the following number of cattle, to wit:

New Jersey 275

Pennsylvania 1, 251

Delaware 530

2,056

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 311

That for defraying the expenses of forwarding the said cattle to the
Army from the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, and
Connecticut (for a weekly supply) warrants be drawn monthly upon
the loan offices of the said States in favor of the Commissary-General
until the further order of Congress, in money of the new emission, viz:

On the loan office for the State of New Hampshire, for l,418f dol-
lars; Massachusetts Bay, 7,186$ dollars; Connecticut, 5,0301- dollars.

And for defraj'ing the expenses of forwarding, for an immediate
supply, the cattle from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware,
that warrants be drawn on the loan offices of the said States in favor
of the Commissary-General for the following sums in money of the
new emission, viz:

On the loan offices of the State of New Jersey, for 550 dollars;
Pennsylvania, 2,819 dollars; Delaware, 1,236 dollars.

And that the Commissary-General be authorized, in case any of the
said States have not received their money of the new emission, to apply
to the executive of the said States, who are requested to advance him,
upon the said warrants, an equivalent in other money.

September M, 1780.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the State of Maryland to send
immediately to the main army 500 head of neat cattle, over and above
the quantity of meat required by the resolution of the 25th of Feb-
ruary last. . . .

September 25, 1780.

Resolved, . . . The commissary of issues shall be obliged to
deliver to the Inspector-General, and assistant inspector with a separate
army, an abstract, by brigades, of the rations actually issued, and of
all issues to all separate corps, garrisons, and detachments.

September 30, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the several officers [of the hospital depart-
ment] shall each be entitled annually to draw clothing from the stores
of the clothier-general, in the same manner and under the same regu-
lations as are established for officers in the line by a resolution of
Congress of the 25th of November, 1779.

That the returns for clothing for officers in the medical staff (regi-
mental surgeons and their mates, who are to draw with the regimental
staff, excepted) be signed by the director, or one of the chief hospital
physicians; and such clothing shall be delivered either by the clothier-
general, or any subclothier in the State in which the officer to receive
clothing shall reside, in the same manner as is provided in the cases of
other staff officers not taken from the line.

October 15, 1780. "The issuing commissaries are to deliver all their sheep and
calve skins to the field commissary of military stores with the park of artillery, who
will have them properly dressed for drumheads." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Totowa. )

October 23, 1780. "The officers of the Army are to be furnished with two rations
per day till further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa.)

312 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

October 2^ 1780.

Resol/oed, That E. Blaine, . commissary -general of purchases, be
directed to make accurate returns to Congress of the supplies fur-
nished by each State since the last day of December last.

November J+, 1780.

Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several
States to levy, in the proportions hereafter mentioned, a tax, equal in
value to 6,000,000 of silver dollars, to be paid partly in the specific
articles and at the prices hereafter enumerated, and the residue in gold
or silver or bills of credit emitted pursuant to the resolution of the
18th of March last.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

2,500 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.
6,000 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.
2,000 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.
20,124 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

MASSACHUSETTS BAY.

16,000 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.

2,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

29,250 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

9,750 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.

74,576 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

13,000 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel.

RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS.

900 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.
83 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.
1,500 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.
500 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.
20,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per
gallon. . . .

CONNECTICUT.

15,000 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.

3,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. "

18,750 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

6,250 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.

25,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

813 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . .

NEW YORK.

2,800 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.

1,500 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

16,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.

1,320 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

441 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. . . .

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 313

NEW JERSEY.

3,000 barrels of beef, at ITi dollars per barrel.

4,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

12,000 barrels or flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.

4,000 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

1,333 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.

996 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . .

PENNSYLVANIA.

3,000 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.

2,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

1,500 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

500 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.

55,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.

50,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

13,028 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . .

DELAWARE.

800 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

3,471 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.

2,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

500 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . .

MARYLAND.

4,800 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.

5,500 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

20,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.

9,000 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

3,000 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.

17,007 gallons of West Indian rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

4,000 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . .

VIRGINIA.

9,000 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.

10,617 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.

7,529 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.

23,670 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.

7,890 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.

70,292 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon.

6,673 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . .

NORTH CAROLINA.

3,000 barrels of beef, at 17 dollars per barrel.
5,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel.
6,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel.
7,600 hundredweight of beef, at 5 dollars per hundredweight.
2,500 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight.
991 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel.

21,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per
gallon. . . .

314 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Hesolved, That the articles aforesaid be delivered by the respective
States on or before the several dates hereafter mentioned, at such place
or places within the respective States as the Commander in Chief shall
direct, viz:

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

2,500 barrels of beef, 3,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day
of January, 1781.

1,500 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st daj' of March, 1781.
3,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781.
12,624 gallons of rum, on or before the 15th day of July, 1781.

MASSACHUSETTS BAY.

16,000 barrels of beef, 2,000 barrels of pork, 18,000 gallons of rum,
2,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781.

9,000 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day
of March, 1781.

18,000 gallons of rum, 2,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st
day of May, 1781.

29,576 gallons of rum, 8,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th
day of July, 1781.

RHODE ISLAND.

900 barrels of beef, 83 barrels of pork, 3,000 gallons of rum, on or
before the 1st day of January, 1781.

1,500 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781.
3,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781.
12,508 gallons of rum, on or before the 15th day of July, 1781.

CONNECTICUT.

15,000 barrels of beef, 3,500 barrels of pork, 4,000 gallons of rum,
on or before the 1st day of January, 1781.

2,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781.

4,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781.

15,000 gallons of rum, 813 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th of
July, 1781.

NEW YORK.

2,800 barrels of beef, 1,500 barrels of pork, 4,000 barrels of flour,
on or before the 1st day of January, 1781.

2,000 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781.
4,000 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781.
6,000 barrels of flour, on or before the 15th day of Juty, 1781.

NEW JERSEY.

3,000 barrels of beef, 4,000 barrels of pork, 2,000 barrels of flour,
on or before the 1st day of January, 1781.

1,000 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781.

2,000 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781.

7,000 barrels of flour, 996 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th of
July, 1781.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 315

PENNSYLVANIA.

3,000 barrels of beef, 2,000 barrels of pork, 6,000 barrels of flour,
9,000 gallons of rum, 2,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day
of January, 1781.

3,000 barrels of flour, 4,500 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on
or before the 1st of March, 1781.

6,000 barrels of flour, 9,000 gallons of rum, 2,000 bushels of salt, on
or before the 1st day of May, 1781.

40,000 barrels of flour, 27,500 gallons of rum, 8,028 bushels of salt,
on or before the 15th of July, 1781.

DELAWARE.

800 barrels of pork, 500 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of
January, 1781.

250 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781.

500 barrels of flour, on or before the first day of May, 1781.

2,221 barrels of flour, 2,000 gallons of rum, 500 bushels of salt, on
or before the 15th of July, 1781.

MARYLAND.

4,800 barrels of beef, 5,500 barrels of pork, 2,500 barrels of flour,
800 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st of Janu-
ary, 1781.

1,250 barrels of flour, 400 gallons of rum, 500 bushels of salt, on or
before the 1st day of March, 1781.

2,500 barrels of flour, 800 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on
or before the 1st day of May, 1781.

13,750 barrels of flour, 15,007 gallons of rum, 1,500 bushels of salt,
on or before the 15th day of July, 1781.

VIRGINIA.

9,000 barrels of beef, 10,617 barrels of pork, 2,500 barrels of flour,
11,000 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day
of January, 1781.

1,250 barrels of flour, 5,500 gallons of rum, 500 bushels of salt, on
or before the 1st day of March, 1781.

2,500 barrels of flour, 11,000 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt,
on or before the 1st day of May, 1781.

1,279 barrels of flour, 42,792 gallons of rum, 4,173 bushels of salt,
on or before the 15th of July, 1781.

NORTH CAROLINA.

3,000 barrels of beef, 5,000 barrels of pork, 2,000 barrels of flour,
4,000 ^gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781.

1,000 barrels of flour, 2,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day
of March, 1781.

2,000 barrels of flour, 4,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day
of May, 1781.

1,000 barrels of flour, 11,000 gallons of rum, 991 bushels of salt, no
or before the 15th of July, 1781.

316 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Resolved, That each barrel of beef contain 240 pounds net; each
barrel of pork contain 220 pounds net; each barrel of flour contain
224 pounds net.

That the beef on foot shall be delivered at such times and places as
the Commissary-General shall order.

Resolved, That a return be made on the days aforesaid, respectively,
to the board of war, and duplicates to the Commissary-General.
* * *

Resolved, That pork be received from any State in lieu of beef, or
beef in lieu of pork, in quantities proportioned to the prices annexed
to each by a resolution of Congress of the 25th of February last.

That continental rum, or other spirits suitable for the Army, be
received in lieu of West India rum, in proportion to the prices assigned
to each by the said resolution.

That indian meal, well sifted or bolted, be received in lieu of flour,
in the proportion of one pound and a half of the former for one pound
of the latter, to be issued to the Arnry in the same proportion; pro-
vided, that no indian meal be thus commutable after the first day of
March, without the approbation of the officer commanding in the
department.

November 16, 1780.

A letter of the 10th, from Charles Stewart, commissary -general of
issues, was read respecting the resignation and settlement of the
account of James Grav, deputy commissary-general at Albany, and
proposing that James Gamble, who is now in the department with the
grand army, may be appointed to conduct the business heretofore
under the charge of Mr. Gray, until the settlement of Mr. Gray's
accounts; whereupon,

Resolved, That Congress approve of the said proposal; that the
said commissar-general be directed to carry the same into effect, and
Mr. Gray settle his accounts without loss of time.

November 25, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the commissary-general of purchases be
directed to form a sufficient magazine of provisions at Carlisle for the
supply of the post.

November 30, 1780.

Resolved, That there be a commissary -general of purchases, whose
duty shall be to purchase provisions under the direction of Congress,
the Commander in Chief, or board of war; to call upon the principal
State agents or commissioners for such supplies as their respective
legislatures shall make provision for, and to keep up a regular corre-
spondence with them, to the end that their prospects of furnishing
such supplies may be fully known, of which correspondence he shall
keep a fair and correct register, as well as of every other official trans-
action; to direct the quantities and species of provisions to bej stored
in the magazines of tne several States, under the orders of the Com-
mander in Chief, and cause the same to be forwarded to the Army, as
occasion may require; for which purpose he is hereby empowered to
call on the Quartermaster-General and the deputy quartermasters for
the means of transportation; to make monthly returns to the Com-

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 317

mander in Chief and board of war of all persons employed by him,
specifying for what time and on what terms; and of all provisions
received in each month, from whom, from what State, and the quan-
tities delivered to the issuing commissaries, their names, and at what
posts; also of all provisions remaining on hand, at what magazines
and in whose care; the returns to be made up to the last day of each
month and forwarded as soon after as may be; to cause all his accounts
with the United States to be closed annually, on the 1st day of Janu-
ary, and laid before the board of treasury for settlement by the 1st
day of March ensuing.

That there be a deputy commissary of purchases for the southern
army, appointed by the Commissary-General, whose duty shall be the
same with respect to that army as that of the Commissary-General with
the main army; he shall make his returns to the commanding officer
of the southern army, and to the Commissary-General, to whom he
shall be responsible.

The Commissary-General and deputy commissary shall each appoint
1 assistant commissary, 1 superintendent of live stock, 2 clerks, and as
many butchers, coopers, drovers, and laborers as may be necessary for
conducting the business of the department, and shall have power to fix
the pay of the butchers, coopers, drovers, and laborers, subject to the
control of the board of war.

That the pay of the several officers in the department be in the bills
emitted in pursuance of the resolution of the 18th day of March last,
as follows:

The Commissary-General 177 dollars per month, 3 rations for him-
self and servants, and forage for 2 horses; deputy commissary 125
dollars per month, 2 rations for himself and servant, and forage for 2
horses.

Assistant commissaries 75 dollars per month, 2 rations and forage for
1 horse.

Superintendent of live stock 50 dollars per month, 1 ration and forage
for 1 horse.

Clerks 40 per month and 1 ration.

Resolved, That no officer appointed under the foregoing regulations
be entitled to draw any pay unless he produce a certificate of his hav-
ing taken the oaths prescribed by the resolution of February 3rd,
1778;

Resolved, That Ephraim Blaine, esq., be continued commissary-
general of purchases;

That it be recommended to the several States immediately to inform
the Commissary-General and deputy commissary of the names of their
principal agents or commissioners, respectively, for supplying the
Army, and to oblige them to give information, from time to time, to
the Commissary-General or the deputy commissary with the southern
army, as the case may be, of their prospects, and how far they shall
be able to comply with their requisitions;

That the live stock to be furnished by the several States be deliv-
ered to such storekeepers within each State, at such times and in such
quantities as the Commissary-General or deputy commissary shall
direct, under the regulations contained in the act of Congress of the
15th of July last for the delivery of all other public property;

That the storekeepers appointed bj r the deputy quartermasters be
subject to the orders of the Commissary-General, to whom they are

318 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

to make monthly returns of all their receipts and deliveries, as far as
respects his departments, and in such manner as he shall direct;

That all the resolutions of Congress heretofore made respecting the
department of the commissary-general of purchases be, and they are
hereby, repealed.

February 17, 1781.

Resolved, That the principal superintendent of bakers in the Army
of the United States receive, in bills of the new emission 50 dollars per
month and two rations a day, and forage for one horse;

That the superintendent of bakers make regular monthly returns to
the commissary-general of issues, and that he receive monies, from
time to time, by warrants from the Commander in Chief out of the
military chest, for payment of wages and carrying on the business of
his department.

That Mr. Christopher Ludwick, who has acted with great industry
and integrity in the character of principal superintendent of bakers,
be, and is hereby, continued in that employment, and that he be
empowered to hire or enlist any number of bakers, not exceeding 30,
on such terms as the board of war shall think proper;

That Mr. Christopher Ludwick receive as a compensation for all
past services, 1,000 dollars in bills of the new emission.

February W, 1781.

Resolved, That the board of war be, and hereby are, directed to fur-
nish the southern army with 10,000 suits of clothes, complete; . . .
8,000 knapsacks, 6,000 haversacks, 8,000 canteens, 700 camp kettles,
8,000 blankets. . . .

March 27, 1781. Congress accepted resignation of J. Wilkinson, clothier-general.

April 17, 1781.

Resolved, That the clothier-general, before he enters into office, shall
give bond in such sum as the board of treasury shall think sufficient,
with two or more sufficient sureties, for the due performance of his
office, which bond shall be lodged in the treasury office.

Congress proceeded to the election of a clothier-general; and the
ballots being taken,

Mr. John Moylan was elected, having been previously nominated
by Mr. Burke.

April 19, 1781.

Whereas differences have arisen between . . . commissaries
and persons claiming to be creditors of the United States for articles
furnished by or taken from them and for services performed by them,
for which no vouchers have been given or for which the vouchers may
be lost, or, having vouchers, it is doubtful whether the account can be
adjusted in either of the departments of the . . . Commissary -
General; to remedy which,

Resolved, That every such claim as aforesaid which shall have been
submitted to the inspection of the Continental commissioners for audit-
ing and adjusting accounts and by them certified shall, by the . . .

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 319

commissary, be allowed and may be paid, or certificates given for the
same, in like manner as is directed in the act of Congress of the 26th
of August, 1780.

April 21, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized to remove from office or employment, for incapacity, neg-
ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persons, not immedi-
ately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, as are or
may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the
expenditure of the public supplies, stores, and other property; . . .
and such of the said persons as are or may be in his judgment unnec-
essary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or officer, to whom
it may belong to supply the vacancy, the respective names of the per-
sons so removed.

That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment, for
similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid
immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled,
reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension.

Provided, that in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or
may be amenable to the law martial, the superintendent, be and he is
hereby, authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient
for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing and
to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial,
and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest
accordingly.

That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from
the date thereof, unless the person suspended be, upon trial, acquitted
and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the
place when it may be necessary by a temporary appointment, to con-
tinue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed.

That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con-
gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war.

May 5, 1781. "The honorable the Congress having by their resolve of the 17th of
April last appointed John Moylan, esq., clothier-general of the Army," etc. ( Orders,
General Headquarters, New Windsor. )

June 18, 1781.

Resolved, That all State purchases of clothing on Continental account
and all State appointments and regulations in the clothing department
on Continental account be abolished on the first day of September; at
or before which time the sub and agent clothiers are to deliver to the
clothier-general or his order all clothing procured at Continental
expense which they may then have on hand, taking his receipt therefor,
a duplicate whereof to be transmitted to the treasury office.

* * . a

Resolved, That the clothier-general in the month of June, annually,
make and deliver in to the boaj'd of war an estimate of clothing and
disbursements for clothing for a year from the first day of November,

320 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

then next, that Congress may be enabled to furnish the proper sums
and adopt the necessary measures for procuring the same.

That all noncommissioned officers and soldiers who are or may
hereafter be enlisted during the war be annually furnished with one
regimental coat, full made; one cloth vest; one pair of cloth breeches;
one pair of woolen overalls; two pair of woolen hose; two pair of
woolen socks; one felt hat or leather cap; four shirts; two pair of
linen overalls; four pair of strong shoes; one blanket; one rifle shirt,
and one pair of woolen gloves; also, one pair of shoe buckles and one
stock clasp every two years.

The dragoons to receive two pair of boots and one pair of spurs,
instead of the shoes and buckles, annually; also a horseman's cloak
every two years.

That the Commander in Chief and the commanding general in a
separate department, respectively, be, and hereby are, authorized to
direct what clothing shall, from time to time, be dealt out to the artifi-
cers and wagoners, having regard to the nature of their service and
the terms of their contract, and time for which they are engaged.

That summer clothing be ready to be issued on the 15th day of April
annually, and the winter clothing on the first day of November follow-
ing, and be delivered at such time as the Commander in Chief or com-
manding general in a separate department shall direct.

That the clothier-general deal out the clothing regimentally, and
keep regular accounts against the respective regimental clothiers,
taking particular care to have the clotning equally and impartially
distributed when it is found incompetent for the whole Army.

That previous to the day of general issue the regimental clothiers
settle their accounts with the clothier-general, and receive his certifi-
cates of the arrearages of clothing due to their respective regiments,
and present him with a return of the number of men for whom cloth-
ing is to be drawn on the day of general issue; the said return to be
examined and certified by the officer commanding their respective
regiments, and signed by the brigadier or officer commanding the
brigade.

That all extra issues to detachments, or for accidental loss of cloth-
ing, be by certificate of the commanding officer of the regiment or
detachment to which the noncommissioned officers or soldiers in whose
behalf such application is made shall belong; the said certificate being
approved and signed by the Commander in Chief or commanding gen-
eral of a separate army.

That all issues of clothing be made from the magazines or places of
general issue with the Army; and, to avoid the necessity of detached
issues, the officers commanding parties or detachments are to be
answerable that they are supplied, so far as may be, from the maga-
zines or stores at camp previous to their leaving the army to which
they belong.

That no articles of clothing be issued by the clothier-general, his
deputies or assistants, but by return and certificates made and approved
as aforesaid.

That no noncommissioned officer or soldier who is not engaged dur-
ing the war, or for the term at least of one year, be furnished with
any article of clothing.

That the clothier-general from time to time notify the Paymaster-

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 321

General of all surplusages of clothing, specifying the corps to which
they belong, that stoppages be made therefor.

That he make return to the board of war of all clothing on hand,
and persons employed in the department, with the wages given to each,
regularly, once in every two months.

That the Quartermaster-General and his deputies in the several States
shall, on the requisitions of the clothier-general, furnish the means of
transportation of all articles of clothing from the places where imported,
received, or purchased to the places of deposit; and a careful wagon
master or conductor to be appointed by the Quartermaster- General
or some of bis deputies, shall proceed with the clothing, who shall be
answerable for all deficiencies on the road, unless they shall be able to
show that the same happened by unavoidable accidents and not through
their misconduct or want of attention.

That in case of injuries or deficiencies happening in the transporta-
tion of clothing the clothier stationed at the magazine or place of
deposit shall represent the matter to the nearest commanding officer
of the troops of the United States, that the wagon master or conductor
having had charge of the clothing so damaged or deficient may be
tried by a court-martial, and, if found guilty, compelled to restore the
goods lost, or their value, or make satisfaction for damages accrued
through his negligence or mismanagement, or be punished according
to the nature of the offence by judgment of the court-martial.

That the clothier-general have the management, direction, and super-
intendence of hides, subject to the orders of the board of war, with full
power to call for proper returns from such persons as have heretofore
had the management of hides.

That all commissaries make monthly returns to the clothier-general
of the hides on hand, and that the Commissary-General make monthly
returns to him of all the live cattle delivered over to the commissaries
of the Army.

That the Quartermaster-General or his deputy, on the application of
the clothier-general, or either of his deputies, furnish wagons for
transporting raw or manufactured hides to such places as they shall
direct.

That the clothier-general, with the concurrence of the superintendent
of finance, be authorized to appoint such number of persons to transact
the business of the clothing department, during the present campaign,
as they may, from time to time, find necessary, and to ascertain their
wages.

That the clothier-general make monthly returns to the Commander
in Chief.

That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the clothing and
hide departments inconsistent with this arrangement and the resolutions
now passed be, and they are hereby, repealed.

June 28, 1781. "The commissary -general of issues will take effectual measures to
procureasupplyof hard bread fortheArmy." (Orders, General Headquarters, PeekskUL )

July 10, 1781. l

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall,

Under this resolution the commissariat system of subsisting the Army was dis-
continucil and the method of contracts for rations adopted in its stcml.

S. Doc. 229 21

322 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

from time to time, appoint for the purpose, to procure on contract all
necessaiy .supplies for the use of the Army or armies of the United
States, . . . and also the transportation thereof; . . .

July 15, 1781. "As it has been represented to the Commander in Chief that the
quantity of fresh meat lately ordered to be drawn by the troops will not keep during
this hot season, he desires the Commissary-General may cause two days' allowance
of salt beef to be issued to every regiment, which is to be put into the care of the
regimental quartermaster, not to be delivered to the troops but by special order of
the commanding officers of brigades, and that the troops be served daily with fresh
beef." {Orders, General Headquarters, near Dobb's Ferry.)

/September /+, 1781.

Resolved, That all the clothing . \ . shipped in pursuance of the
order of the Honorable John Laurens, special minister to the Court
of Versailles, for the use of the United States, be, upon its arrival,
delivered to the order of the board of war, who are hereby empow-
ered and directed to take charge and direction of the same.

September 25, 1781. " The several issuing commissaries will be particularly careful
in preserving all the sheepskins for the use of the artillery. They will be delivered
on application to Mr. Thomas Jones, deputy field commissary of military stores."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Williamsburgh. )

October 2, 1781. " Salt provision is not to be issued without a general order bat in
cases of necessity. " {Orders, General Headquarters, before York.)

October 23, 1781. "The biscuit taken from the enemy is not to be issued without
a general order." (Orders, General Headquarters, near York.)

October 30, 1781. " The troops and British prisoners, except those in the hospital,
to draw five days' allowance of corn beef. The commissary to issue with the beef
half the quantity of salt allowed to fresh beef." (Orders, General Headquarters,
near York.)

January 1, 1782. "Contracts having been made for supplying troops of the United
States at various posts with provisions, the officers are in the future not to draw any
rations on public account, but will be paid in money at the close of each month the
amount the several rations respectively allowed them by Congress, but for their greater
convenience it is agreed that the contractors shall supply them with the whole or
so many of the rations allowed as they may think proper to draw for, and the Pay-
master-General or his deputy will at the close of every month settle with the con-
tractors, and after paying them for such articles as the officers have drawn, pay each
officer or the paymaster of his regiment the balance due him." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Philadelphia. )

January 10, 1782.

Resolved, . . . The Inspector-General, or inspector of a sepa-
rate army, shall be authorized to call on the . . . clothier-gen-
eral, . . . or their deputies, for returns of the articles which have
been issued from and returned to their several departments by each
corps, . . .

February 11, 1782.

Resolved, That the clothier-general be, and he is hereby, directed to
agree for and purchase of the State of Massachusetts all such clothing
as may have been, or shall be, provided by that State, before the open-
ing of the ensuing campaign; and that he take charge of the said
clothing, and that the amount thereof be passed by the United States
to the credit of the said State on the requisitions previous to the 30th
day of October, 1781.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 323

April 10, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the clothier-general receive his instructions
from the War Office, and that the distribution of. clothing for the Army
be made under the Secretary at War's directions.

April 30, 1782.

Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves
of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow-
ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled
to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are
hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each
officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations . . .
affixed to their several ranks, viz:

Deputy clothier with the Army, 1 ration per day; 8^ dollars per
month.

April 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants,
beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced;
. . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the
staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective
departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective
ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence
belonging to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their
respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatso-
ever; . . .

May 7, 1782.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is,
authorized to appoint an inspector for the main and southern army,
to take care that the contracts for supplying rations bo duly executed
by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they arc
hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures
of public property in the several departments of the Army, and report
any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public
property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the
party charged therewith may bo tried by court-martial on such charges
exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither
the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their property, be
liable to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order
of the Commander in Chief, or commander of the army to which the
inspectors respectively shall be appointed, any resolution or act of
Congress heretofore made notwithstanding;

That the pay to each inspector bo 106ii dollars per month, in full of
all allowances;

That each inspector, when appointed, shall take an oath for the faith-
ful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspector of
the contracts of the Army.

324 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

June 21, 1782.

Resolved, That the Secretan^ at War institute an immediate enquiry
into the reasons which have delayed the arrival of clothing and other
necessaries which have already been provided and sent on to the south
ern army; and that he take every step in his power to discover the
causes of delay, embezzlement, and other circumstances which have
so frequently arrested the supplies of the southern army, and report
thereon to Congress.

Ordered, That the superintendent of finance report to Congress the
causes which have prevented the southern army being supplied by
contracts.

August 8, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the Secretary at War and superintendent
of finance take order that proper magazines be laid up in the said fort
[Fort Pitt], which may enable the commanding officer, in case the said
fort should be invested by the enemy, to render it tenable until
relieved.

October 9, 1783. "The honorable the superintendent of finance [has] by the fol-
lowing commission [omitted] appointed Ezekiel Cornell, esq., inspector for the main
army for the purpose therein mentioned" [to take care that the contracts for sup-
plying rations be truly executed] . (Orders, General Headquarters, Yerplank's Point.)

October 15, 1782. "The Commander in Chief directs the Army to be informed
that, in consequence of instructions from the superintendent of finance, the Honor-
able Mr. Cornell hath entered into a contract with Messrs. Wadsworth & Carter to
supply the main army, the garrison at West Point, and its dependencies with rations
of provisions from the 16th instant until the last day of December next, inclusive.
All applications for provisions are therefore to be made to them or their agents; and
no receipts or vouchers for the delivery of provisions are to be given except to them
or persons issuing under their authority. The aforesaid contractors, Wadsworth &
Carter, are to have the use of all commissary's storehouses, scales, and weights
belonging to the public in the department, they taking care that the property of the
former contractors be as little injured thereby as possible." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Verplank's Point.)

Octoler 29, 1782.

Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be allowed 15 rations per
day;

That the deputy quartermaster with the southern army be allowed
12 rations per day;

That all assistants in the Quartermaster's Department be allowed,
each of them, two rations per day;

That the wagon master, commissaiy of forage for the main army,
and commissary of forage for the southern army be each allowed five
rations per day;

That the deputy wagon master with the southern army be allowed
four rations per day;

That the wagon conductors be each of them allowed a ration and a
half per day;

That the directors of the artificers be allowed, each of them, three
rations per day, and the subdirectors, each of them, two rations per
day;

And that the foregoing rations shall be inclusive of what the several
officers aforesaid may be entitled to draw in the line of the Army.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

325

November 12, 1782.

Resolved, That the geographer to the main army and the geographer
to the southern department be each of them allowed . . . three
rations per day, . . . [and] a servant, for whom they shall be enti-
tled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed for a private
soldier;

That the assistant geographers ... be allowed . . . one
ration per day, . . .

N oMmber ftt, 1782. " The Commander in Chief has the pleasure of announcing
that a delivery of two shirts per man will shortly be made to the whole Army."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

December 2, 1782. "The abstracts of the subsistence of the Army, up to the time
the contractor settled with the officers ( whose certificate is then to be taken ) , are to
be sent to the deputy paymaster at the Forge, near Murderer's Creek, as soon as
possible." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

December 23, 1782. "The difficulty of transportation having delayed a considerable
proportion of the shirts, which are ready-made in Philadelphia and which may now
soon be expected, those which have arrived are to be drawn for by lot." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

December 28, 1782. "Allowance of subsistence money to be supplied the officers
in lieu of rations for themselves and servants, without arms, according to an act of
Congress of the 3d December, 1782."

Different grades and officers.

Major-general

Brigadier

Lt. colonel

Majors, brigade majors, and a. d. c, not of the line

Captains '.

Subaltern

Surgeon's mate

Quartermaster-General

Deputy q. m. genl. with the main army

Deputy q. m. genl. with the southern army

Assistan t quartermasters

Adjutant-General

Assistants to the Adjt. Genl

Deputy adjutant-general

Commissary of prisons

Deputy comsy. prisons, southern army

Intcndcn ts of prisoners ;

Judge-ad vocates

Deputy judge-advocate, southern army

Wagon master '

Deputy wagon master, southern army

Deputy paymaster, main army

Deputy paymaster, southern army

Field commissary military stores

Deputy field commissary military stores, southern army

Conductors and clerks

Directors of artificers

Deputy clothier with the Army

Deputy postmaster with the Army

Geographers to the main and southern armies, each

Assistant geographers

( :<jiii missary of forage

Deputy commissary of forage, southern army

Deputy field commissary military stores, West Point

Daily
number
of ra-
tions.

Number
of serv-
ants
without
arms.

Monthly
allow-
ance in
lieu of
rations.

876
64
21
20
12

8
76
32
64

8
64
20
32
28
28
16
28
28
24
20
16
28
12
12

6
12

4
16

4
21
20

(Orders,* General Headfjuarters, Newburgh.)

January 8, 1788. Duplicate accounts of the subsistence of departments and gen-
ual officers' family, to be signed by tlie heads of the departments and general
officers." (Orders, General Headquarterx, Smhurgh.)

February 25, 1783* "The contractors for the Army having desired that, agreeably to
contract, a person might be appointed to inspect the cattle destined for the Army,

326 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Henry Wykoff, esq., of Fishkill, is appointed for that purpose until the pleasure of
the superintendent of finance shall be known." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Newburgh.)

March 19, 1783. "The contractors are requested to have an ample supply of vine-
gar, that the issue of that article may be regular as soon as the warm weather com-
mences." (Orders, General. Headquarters, Newburgh.)

March 24, 1783. "It is recommended to the troops to make regimental gardens for
the purpose of raising greens and vegetables for their own use, and, in order to collect
a sufficient quantity of seeds, commanding officers of regiments will give passes to as
many trusty soldiers as they may judge necessary to go into the country and be
absent not exceeding ten days. The General hopes he shall see a suitable attention
bestowed on an article which will contribute so much to the comfort and health of
the troops. He even flatters himself it will become a matter of amusement and of
emulation. The Quartermaster-General is also desired to advertise in the newspapers,
giving proper invitation and encouragement fo those who may be disposed to send or
bring in garden seeds of all kinds to his office, which will be equitably divided and
faithfully applied to the soldiery. " (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

April 12, 1783. "Application is to be made to the assistant clothier-general for
another distribution of shirts; also, returns to be given in to him of the men who have
not received hats for the last year." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. )

April 17, 1783.

Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of . . .
all such articles in the several military departments as may not be nec-
essary for' the use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the
formation of magazines on a peace establishment.

January %, 178^.

Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of . . .
clothier, . . . be, and they are hereby, ordered to transmit, as
soon as may be, to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, exact
returns of all the stores in their respective departments, specifying
the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care,
and in what manner secured.

February <B3, 1785.

Resolved, That the . . . commissary of purchases, commissary
of issues, ... be required, without delay, to forward to the
board of treasury or to the Comptroller a list of their respective dep-
uties who have been duly authorized to issue certificates.

September 6, 1785.

Ordered, That the Secretary at War, as soon as may be, cause to be
made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all . . .
wagons, tents . . . and public stores, or property of every descrip-
tion, the custody of which is charged on the Department of War,
distinguishing the quantity or number, quality, and kind of each, and
the several places of their deposits; and that he transmit a like return
on the first Monday in January and the first Monday in July # annually.

October 2, 1788.

The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton,
Mr. Oilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full inquiry into

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 327

the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report and to
present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various
branches of the Department of War.

2D. OF THE CLOTHING FOR THE TROOPS.

The ,roorjs enlisted in 1785 have already received two complete suits,
and most of them have one year's clothing, complete, due to them.

Provision was made for the 3d year's clothing, but the Secretary at
War has been constrained to apply it for the recruits; otherwise they
could not have been enlisted, good clothing being the greatest induce-
ment for a recruit to enlist into the service.

The board of treasury have advertised for a contract for clothing,
and hope to succeed, in which case the old soldiers who have reen-
listed will receive their third suit in October next. Those of this
description who will be discharged will probably prefer a compensa-
tion in money to the clothing.

The troops on the frontiers enlisted in 1786 have also received two
suits of clothing, and will, if the board of treasury succeed in their
contract, duly receive their third suit.

The two companies of artillery raised in Massachusetts have received
only one year's clothing; they will probably receive their second suit
in the ensuing October.

6th. OF THE MODE IN WHICH THE TROOPS ARE FURNISHED WITH

PROVISIONS.

In the year 1785 Mr. James O'Hara made a contract with the board
of treasury for furnishing the several posts on the frontiers with
rut ions, which were to consist of

One pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork.

One pound of bread or flour.

One gill of common rum.

One quart of salt,

Two quarts of vinegar, I f <.

1 wo pounds ot soap, J

One pound of candles, J

The prices of which at the several posts where the troops were
actually stationed were as follows:

At Fort Pitt, )

M'lntosh, fl3 ninetieths of a dollar.
Ilannar, )

The contract was performed tolerably well; somo complaints were
made respecting particular posts, but the defects were, perhaps, insepa-
rably connected with the state of the frontiers and of public affairs.

In 1786 a contract was formed by the board of treasury for the same
objects with Messrs. Turnbull, Marmio & Co., the articles of the ration
to consist of the same as the preceding, and the prices thereof.

At Fort Pitt, 10i ninetieths of a dollar.

M'lntosh, ) ni di

Harmar, J

There were some stipulations for payment by warrants on the State

328 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

of Pennsylvania, which were paid in the paper currency by the said
State when greatly depreciated. This contract was ill executed, and
the mode of payment was assigned by the contractors as the reason.

1787, a contract was formed by the board of treasury with Mr.
James O'Hara at the prices herein stated:

Fort Pitt, 9 ninetieths of a dollar.

M'Intosh, 10 ditto.

Harmar, ll| ditto.

Rapids of the Ohio, 13 ninetieths of a dollar.
Venango, 14 ditto.

This contract was better executed than any of the former. The pay-
ments were generally made in warrants on New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
and Maryland.

A new contract has been formed, to take effect from the 1st of July
of the present year to the end of the year 1789, by Messrs. Elliot and
Williams, of Maryland, at the following prices:

The terms of payment, by warrants on Maryland.

Fort Pitt, 7 ninetieths of a dollar.

M'Intosh, the same.

Harmar, the same.

Rapids of the Ohio, 7 ninetieths of a dollar.
Post Vincennes, 16 ditto.

Venango, 9 ditto.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of April 30, 1790 (1 Stats., 119).

AN ACT for regulating the military establishment of the United States.
* * *

Sec. 9. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician
aforesaid shall receive annually the following articles of uniform
clothing: One hat or helmet, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen
and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair
of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of buckles.

Sec. 10. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician
aforesaid shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, or the
value thereof: One pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork,
one pound of bread or flour, half a gill of rum, brandy, or whiskey, or
the value thereof at the contract price when the same shall become
due, and at the rate of one quart of salt, two quarts of vinegar, two
pounds of soap, and one pound of candles to every hundred rations.

Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279).

AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments.
* * *

Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army
with provisions, clothing, . . . and all other supplies or articles
for the use of the Department of War be made by or under the direc-
tion of the Treasury Department.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 329

Act of June 7, 1794 (1 Stats., 390).

AN ACT in addition to the "Act for making further and more effectual provision
for the protection of the frontiers of the United States."

* * *

Sec. 3. That to such of the troops as are or may be employed on
the frontiers, and under such special circumstances as in the opinion
of the President of the United States may require an augmentation of
some parts of their rations, the President be authorized to direct such
augmentation as he may judge necessary, not exceeding four ounces of
beef, two ounces of flour, and half a gill of rum or whiskey in addition
to each ration, and half a pint of salt to one hundred rations.

Act of January 2, 1795 (1 Stats., 408).

AN ACT to regulate the pay of the noncommissioned officers, musicians, and pri-
vates of the militia of the United States, when called into actual service, and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That to those in the military service of the United States,
who are, or shall be employed on the western frontiers, there shall be
allowed, during the time of their being so employed, two ounces of
flour or bread, and two ounces of beef or pork, in addition to each of
their rations, and half a pint of salt, in addition to every hundred of
their rations.

Act of February 23, 1795 (1 Stats., 419).

AN ACT to establish the office of Purveyor of Public Supplies. 1

Sec. 1. That there shall be in the Department of the Treasury an
officer to be denominated "Purveyor of Public Supplies," whose duty
it shall be, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the
Treasury, to conduct the procuring and providing of all . . .
provisions, clothing, . . . and generally all articles of supply
requisite for the service of the United States. . . .

Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stats., 430).

AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United
States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject.

* * *

Sec. 7. That every noncommissioned officer, private, or musician of
the artiller}' and infantry shall receive, annually, the following arti-
cles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat or helmet, one coat, one vest,
two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shots.
four shirts, two pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and
one pair of buckles. And that there be furnished to the cavalry and
riflemen such clothing as shall be most suitable and best adapted to the
nature of the service, having regard therein, as nearly as may be, to
the value of the clothing allowed as above, to the infantry and artillery.

Sec. 8. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician
shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, to wit: One

1 Abolished, after May 31. 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812.

330 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, one pound of
bread or flour, half a gill of rum, brandy, or whiskey, and at the rate
of one quart of salt, two quarts of vinegar, two pounds of soap, and
one pound of candles to every hundred rations, or the value thereof,
at the contract price, when the same shall become due; and if at such
posts supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as
shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and
the position of the place in question.

Sec. 9. That to those in the military service of the United States
who are or shall be employed on the western frontiers there shall be
allowed during the time of their being so employed two ounces of
flour or bread and two ounces of beef or pork in addition to each
of their rations, and half a pint of salt in addition to every hundred of
their rations.

Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., 1,83).

AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States.
* * *

Sec. 8. That every noncommissioned officer, private, or musician of
the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the following articles
of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair of
woolen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shoes, four shirts,
four pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of
buckles.

Sec. 9. That suitable clothing be provided for the dragoons, adapted
to the nature of the service, and conformed as near as may be to the
value of the clothing allowed to the infantry and artillery.

Sec. 10. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician
shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, to wit: One
pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, one pound of
bread or flour, half a gill of rum, brandy, or whiskey; and at the rate
of one quart of salt, two quarts of vinegar, two pounds of soap, and
one pound of candles to every hundred rations.

Sec. II. 1 That to those in the military service of the United States
who are or shall be employed on the western frontiers there shall be
allowed, during the time of their being so employed, two ounces
of flour or bread and two ounces of beef or pork in addition to each of
the rations, and half a pint of salt in addition to every hundred of
their rations.

Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 604).

AN ACT to augment the Army of the United States, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. . . . That every noncommissioned officer, private, and
musician shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, to
wit: One pound and a quarter of beeior three-quarters of a pound of
pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, a gill of rum, brandy, or

Repealed by the act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507).

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 331

whiskey; and at -the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar,
four pounds of soap, and one pound and a-half of candles to every
hundred rations.

Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 610).

AN ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation
of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the military . . . service of the United States shall be made by
or under the direction of the chief officers of the departments of War
. . . and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore-
said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountants of
the proper department for which such supplies or services are required,
subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of
the Treasury in manner before prescribed.

Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the purveyor of public supplies
to execute all such orders as he ma}' from time to time receive from
the Secretary of War . . . relative to the procuring and provid-
ing of all kinds of stores and supplies, and shall render his accounts
relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which
accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers
of the Treasury as aforesaid.

Sec. 5. That the provisions of the act passed on the eighth day of
May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, intituled "An act
making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the
act passed on the twenty-third day of Februaiy, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-five, intituled "An act to establish the office of
purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the
provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed.

Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act, or of any
law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to be
in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall
be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the
United States within ninety days after their dates, respectively. .

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats, 749).

AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 19. That a ration of provisions shall henceforth consist of
eighteen ounces of bread or flour, or when neither can be obtained, of
one quart of rice or one and a half pound of sifted or bolted Indian
meal, one pound and a quarter of fresh beef or one pound of salted
beef, or three-quarters of a pound of salted pork, and when fresh
meat is issued, salt at the rate of two quarts for every hundred rations,
soap at the rate of four pounds, ana candles at the rate of a pound
and a half for every hundred rations : Provided, always, That there
shall be no diminution of the ration to which any of the troops now in
service may be entitled by the terms of their enlistment.

Sec. 20. That every noncommissioned officer, private, artificer, and

332 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

musician of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the fol-
lowing articles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest,
two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shoes,
four shirts, four pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one
pair of buckles.

Sec. 21. That suitable clothing be provided for the dragoons, adapted
to the nature of the service and conformed as near as may be to the value
of the clothing allowed to the infantry and artillery.

Sec. 22. . . . that whenever supplies thereof shall be on hand
there shall be issued to the troops vinegar at the rate of two quarts for
every hundred rations.

* * *

Sec. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause
to be provided, in each and every year, all clothing . . . neces-
sary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeeding
year, and for this purpose to make purchases, and enter, or cause to
be entered into, all necessary contracts or obligations for effecting the

same.

* * *

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).
AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . three military agents and such
number of assistant military agents 1 as the President of the United
States shall deem expedient, not exceeding one to each military post,
which assistants shall be taken from the line. . . .

Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officer . . . be as follows,
to wit: .... to each assistant military agent, eight dollars, in
addition to his pay in the line, except the assistant military agents at
Pittsburg and Niagara, who shall receive sixteen dollars each, in addi-
tion to their pay in the line. . . .

Sec 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive, for their daily subsistence, the following number of rations
of provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations;
a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations;
an ensign, two rations; a surgeon, three rations; a surgeon's mate, two
rations; a cadet, two rations, or money in lieu thereof at the option of
said officers and cadets at the posts respectively, when the rations shall
become due; and if at such post supplies are not furnished by contract,
then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to
former contracts and the position of the place in question; and each
noncommissioned officer, musician, and private, one ration; to the com-
manding officers of each separate post, such additional number of
rations as the President of the United States shall from time to time
direct, having respect to the special circumstances of each post; to
the women who may be allowed to any particular corps, not exceeding
the proportion of four to a company, one ration each; to such matrons
and nurses as may be necessarily employed in the hospital, one ration

1 It is assumed that the assistant military agents at posts performed duty in both
the Subsistence and the Quartermaster's Departments. This section assigns to pay-
masters charge of the clothing of the troops.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 333

each; and to every noncommissioned officer who shall keep one servant,
not a soldier of the line, one additional ration.

Sec. 6. That each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of
beef or three quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread
or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey, or brandy, and at the rate of two
quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one
pound and a half of candles to every hundred rations.
* * *

Sec. 8. That every noncommissioned officer, musician, and private
of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the following articles
of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair of
woolen and two pair of linen overalls, one coarse linen frock and trousers
for fatigue clothing, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair of socks,
two pair of short stockings, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one
pair of half gaithers; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized
to cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts
such surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient, which clothing shall,
under his direction, be furnished to the soldiers, when necessary, at
the contract prices, and accounted for by them out of their arrears of
monthly pay.

Act of March 26, 1804 (# Stats., 290).

AN ACT in addition to "An Act for fixing the military establishment of the United

States."

Sec. 2. That an equivalent in malt liquor or low wines may be sup-

Elied the troops of the United States instead of the rum, whiskey, or
randy which by the said act is made a component part of the ration
at sucn posts and garrisons, and at such seasons of the year as in the
opinion of the President of the United States may be necessary to the
preservation of their health.

Act of April 12, 1808 (2 Stats., 4S1).

aN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force.
* * *

Sec. 6. That the subsistence of the officers of the Army, when not
received in kind, shall be estimated at twenty cents per ration.

Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.
* * *

Sec. 8. That each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of
beef, or three-quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread
or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey, or brandy, and at the rate of two
quarts of suit, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one
pound and a half of candles to every hundred rations,

334 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF \j. S. ARMY.

Sec. 9. That every noncommissioned officer, musician, and private
of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the following arti-
cles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair
of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, one coarse linen frock and
trousers for fatigue clothing, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair
of socks, two pair of short stockings, one blanket, one stock and clasp,
and one pair of half gaithers. And the Secretary of War is hereby
authorized to cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective
districts such surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient.

Act of March 17, 1812 (2 Stats., 695).
AN ACT supplementary to "An Act to raise an additional military force."

That the noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the
light dragoons shall receive the same uniform clothing as is now pro-
vided by law for the artillery and infantry, excepting one pair of
gaithers and four pair of shoes, in lieu of which each person shall be
annually entitled to receive one pair of boots and two pair of shoes.

Sec. 2. That the noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates
of the regiment of light artillery shall receive the same clothing as the
light dragoons when ordered to be mounted.

March 28, 1812 (2 Stats., 696).
AN ACT to establish a Quartermaster's Department, and for other purposes.

Sec. 4. That there shall be a commissary-general of purchases, and
as many deputy commissaries as in the opinion of the President of the
United States the public service may require, to be appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the commissary -general of pur-
chases, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of War,
to conduct the procuring and providing of all arms, military stores,
clothing, and generally all artieles of suppty requisite for the military
service of the United States; and it shall be the duty of the deputy
commissaries, when directed thereto either by the Secretary of War,
the commissaiy-general of purchases, or, in cases of necessity, by the
commanding general, Quartermaster-General, or deput} r quartermas-
ters, to purchase all such of the aforesaid articles as may be requisite
for the military service of the United States.

Sec. 6. That neither . . . the Commissary-General shall, directly
or indirectly, be concerned or interested in carrying on the business of
trade or commerce, or be owner, in whole or in part, of any sea vessel;
nor shall either of them purchase, by himself or other in trust for
him, public lands or any other public property, or be concerned in
the purchase or disposal of any public securities of any State or of the
United States, or take or apply to his own use any emolument or gain
for negotiating or transacting any business in the said department
other than what shall be allowed by law; and if . . . the
said . . . Commissary-General shall offend against any of the

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 335

prohibitions of this act, the parties so offending shall upon conviction
forfeit to the United States the penalty of three thousand dollars, and
may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding five j 7 ears, and shall be
removed from office, and be forever thereafter incapable of holding
uiiy office under the United States.

Sec. 7. That the salary of the commissary-general of purchases shall
be three thousand dollars per annum, and the compensation to a deputy
commissary shall not exceed two and one-half per centum on the
public moneys disbursed by him, nor in any instance the sum of two
thousand dollars per annum.

Sec. 8. That the commissary -general of purchases shall, before he
enters upon his duties, give bond with sufficient sureity,tobe approved
of by the Secretary of War, in the sum of fifty thousand dollars, and
the deputy commissaries each in the sum of ten thousand dollars, with
condition for the faithful performance of the duties of their office,
respectively, which bonds shall be lodged with the Comptroller of
Treasury.

Sec. 9. That from and after the last day of May next so much of the
act entitled "An act to establish the office of purveyor of public sup-
plies" . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and in the
meantime the purveyor shall deliver over to the Commissary-General
or one of his deputies the public stores and property of all sorts in his
possession, who shall receipt to him for the same.

Sec. 10. That all letters and packets to and from the . . .
Commissary-General shall be free from postage.

* * *

Sec. 18. That this act shall go into operation on the first day of
April next. . . .

Sec. 19. That all persons attached to the public service by virtue of
this act shall be subject to military law, except the deputy com-
missaries.

Sec. 20. That the President may, and hereby is authorized, in the
recess of the Senate, to appoint the . . . Commissary-General
and deputy commissaries, or any of them, which appointments shall
be submitted to the Senate at their next session for their advice and
consent.

Act of May M, 1812 (0 Stats., 1J$).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to establish :i Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, and for other purposes." '

That neither . . . the Commissary-General nor any or either of
their deputies or assistant deputies shall be concerned, directly or indi-
rectly, in the purchase or sale, for commercial purposes, <>t" any article
intended for making a part of, or appertaining to their respective
departments, except for and on account of the United States; nor shall
they, or either of them, take or apply to his or their own use any gain
or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business in their
. . . departments, other than what is or may be allowed by law.

Sec. 5. That the sixth section <>f the act hereby amended l>e, and the
same is herein-, repealed.

336 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 816).

AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and
for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same.

Sec. 2. The superintendent-general of military supplies * shall pre-
scribe the form of all the returns and accounts of such stores and sup-
plies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered by
. . . the commissary -general of purchases and his deputies. . . .

Sec. 3. That the commissary-general of purchases and his deputies
. . . shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of
all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid ; and shall
also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such other
times, as the Secretary for the War Department may prescribe: Pro-
vided, however, That the accounts and returns thus rendered shall
relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and
disposed of, or as may remain on hand, and shall not embrace the
specie accounts for moneys disbursed by such officers, agents, or other
persons; which specie accounts shall be rendered, as heretofore, to the
accountant for the War Department.

Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive money in advance
from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the
accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and disburse-
ments, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly summary state-
ments thereof to the Secretar} 7 of the said Department as he may
prescribe. And the quarterly accounts of supplies, or of moneys ren-
dered as aforesaid, shall be respectively settled by the superintendent-
general of military supplies and by the accountant of the War
Department, according to their respective authorities, within three
months after the time when such accounts shall have, respectively,
been rendered to them.

Sec. 5. That the Secretary for the War Department shall be, and
he is hereby, authorized and directed to define and prescribe the species,
as well as the amount, of supplies to be respectively purchased by the
Commissary-General's . . . departments, and the respective duties
and powers of the said departments respecting such purchases.
* * *

Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
empowered, as he may deem it expedient, either to appoint for the
time being a special commissary or commissaries for the purpose of
supplying, by purchase or contract, and of issuing, or to authorize
any officer or officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department to
supply and issue, as aforesaid, the whole or any part of the subsistence
of the Army in all cases where, either from the want of contractors,
or from any deficiency on their part, or from any other contingency,
such measure may be proper and necessary in order to insure the sub-
sistence of the Army, or any part thereof; and such special commis-
saries shall, each, whilstemployed, be entitled to the pay and emoluments
of a deputy quartermaster-general.

1 The superintendent-general of military supplies, authorized to be appointed under
this act, was not a staff officer, but a civilian, with a salary of $3,000 per annum.
His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every
description purchased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe
forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 337

Sec. 9. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to appoint not exceeding six assistant commissaries, to be
attached to sueli Army, or to reside at such places, respectively, as the
Secretary for the War Department may direct, for the purpose of
receiving from the commissary -general of purchases, or from his depu-
ties, and of distributing to the regimental quartermasters, and to such
officers as may by the Secretary aforesaid be designated, the clothing
and other supplies purchased by the Commissary-General aforesaid, or
his deputies, and destined for the use of the troops belonging to the
Army, or in the vicinity of the place to which such assistant commis-
saries may, respectively, be attached. And said assistant commissaries
shall, whilst employed, be entitled to the pay and emoluments of a
deputy quartermaster-general.

Act of March 30, 1814 (3 Stats., 113).

AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United

States.

* . * *

Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing to be issued
annually to the troops of the United States.

Act of December 15, 1814 (3 Stats., 151).

AN ACT directing the staff officers of the Army to comply with the requisitions of
naval and marine officers in certain cases.

That it shall be the duty of the several officers of the staff of the
Army of the United States to provide the officers, seamen, and marines
of the Navy of the United States, when acting, or proceeding to act,
on shore, in cooperation with the land troops, upon the requisition of
the commanding naval or marine officer of any such detachment of
seamen or marines, under order to act as aforesaid, with rations:
. Provided, nevertJieless, That the contract price of the rations
which may be furnished shall be reimbursed out of the appropriations
for the support of the Navy.

May 17, 1815. . . . The acts of Congress establishing . . . the office of
the commissary-general of purchases, . . . remain in force. . . . (General
Orders, A. and I. G.'n Office.)

Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff an<l making further provisions for the Army

of th United States.

* * *

Sbo. 5. That the purchasing department shall consist of one com-
missjiry -general of purchases, ae heretofore authorised, with the annual
salary oi three thousand dollars, and one deputy commissary to each
division, with the annual salary of two thousand dollars, and six assist-
ant commissaries of issues, with the annual salary of one thousand
three hundred dollars, and as many military storekeepers as the service
S. Doc. 229 22

338 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

may require, whose salaries shall be regulated by the Secretary of "War,
according to the duties they may perform: Provided, That the pay and
emoluments shall not exceed that of a captain of infantry.

Sec. 6. That all officers of the . . . commissary . . .
department shall, previous to their entering on the duties of their
respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States,
fully to account for all moneys and public property which they may
receive, in such sum as the Secretary of War shall direct. And all
. . . commissaries and storekeepers shall be subject to the rules
and articles of war, in the same manner as commissioned officers:
Provided also, That all officers of the . . . commissary's depart-
ments be submitted to the Senate for their confirmation, in the same
manner as the officers of the Army.

Sec. 7. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing to be issued
annually to the troops of the United States: . . . Provided also,
That the manner of issuing and accounting for clothing shall be estab-
lished in the general regulations of the War Department.

Act of April H, J818 1 {3 Stats, 1$6).

AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army.
* * *

Sec. 6. That as soon as the state of existing contracts for the sub-
sistence of the Army shall, in the opinion of the President of the
United States, permit it, there shall be appointed by the President, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one Commissary-Gen-
eral, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of ordnance,
who shall, before entering on the duties of his office, give bond and
security, in such sum as the President may direct; and as many assist-
ants, to be taken from the subalterns of the line, as the service may
require, who shall receive twenty dollars per month in addition to
their pay in the line, and who shall, before entering on the duties of
their office, give bond and security, in such sums as the President mav
direct. The Commissary-General and his assistants shall perform such
duties, in purchasing and issuing of rations to the Army of the United
States, as the President may direct.

Sec. 7. That supplies for the Army, unless in particular and urgent
cases the Secretary of War should otherwise direct, shall be pur-
chased by contract, to be made by the Commissary-General on public
notice, to be delivered on inspection, in the bulk, and at such places
as shall be stipulated; which contract shall be made under such regu-
lations as the Secretary of War may direct.

Sec. 8. That the President may make such alterations in the com-
ponent parts of the ration as a due regard to the health and comfort
of the Army and economy may require.

Sec. 9. That the Commissary-General and his assistants shall not be
concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale, in trade or
commerce, of any article entering into the composition of the ration

x The act of January 23, 1823 (3-721) continued sections 7, 8, 9, and 10 of this act
in force for five years and until the end of the next session of Congress thereafter;
continued in force until repealed, act of March 3, 1835 (4-780).

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 339

allowed to the troops in the service of the United Stales, nor shall such
officer take and apply to his own use any gain or emolument for
negotiating- or transacting any business connected with the duties of
his office, other than what is or may be allowed by law; and the Com-
missary-General and his assistants shall be subject to martial law.

Sec. 10. That all letters to and from the Commissary -General which
may relate to his office duties shall be free from postage: Provided,
That the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth sections of this act
shall continue and be in force for the term of five years from the pass-
ing of the same, and thence until the end of the next 6 sssion of Con-
gress, and no longer.

Act of May 1, 1820 x (3 Stats., 567).

AN ACT in addition to the several acta for the establishment of the Treasury, War,
and Navy Departments.

* *

Sec. 6. That no contracts shall hereafter be made by the Secretary
of . . the Department of War, . . . except under a law
authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its ful-
fillment; and excepting also contracts for the subsistence and clothing
of the Army . . . which may be made by the secretaries of those
departments.

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 616).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * -::

Sec. 8. That there shall be one Commissary-General of Subsistence;
and that there shall be as many assistant comnufe uies as the service
may require, not exceeding fifty, who shall be t; .ten front the sub-
alterns of the line, and who shall, in addition to their pay in the line,
receive a sum not less than ten nor more than twenty dollars per month;
and that the . . . assistant commissaries of subsistence shall be
subject to duties in both departments [and (Quartermaster's Depart-
ment] under the orders of the Secretary of War.

Sec. 9. That there shall be . . . one commissary-general of
purchases and two military storekeepers, to be attached to the purchas-
ing department. 2

Act of March 3, 1825 (.f Stats., 127).
AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, aims, and military stores.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stoves or subsistence
. . . supplies which, upon proper inspection or si: lvey, shall appear

1 Section 5 of this act authorizes the President 1o direct, a portion of the moneys

terviee of the Ouartcrmnsfers, Subsistence, and
to any other of the above -u. itionecl branches of

appropriated respectively for the service of the (luarterninsfer'y, Subsistence, and
Medical Departments to be applied

expenditure.

*The salary of the two storekeei>ers was fixed at $1,200 by the act of August 23,
1842(5-512).

340 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever,
in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous
to the public service.

Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores
shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers
as the Secretary -of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales
shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed
by the Secretary of War.

Act of May 18, 1826 (4 Stats., 173).

AN ACT regulating the accountability for clothing and equipage issued to the Army
of the United States and for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment.

* * *

Act of March 2, 1827 {4 Stats., 238).

AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the . . . Commissary-General ... be author-
ized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of
postage. . . .

Act of March 2, 1829 (4 Stats., 360).
AN ACT to continue the present mode of supplying the Army of the United States.

That the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth sections of the act
entitled "An act regulating the staff of the Army of the United
States," passed April the fourteenth, eighteen hundred and eighteen,
and the eighth section of the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the
military peace establishment of the United States," passed March the
second, eighteen hundred and twenty-one, are hereby continued in
force for five years from the passing of this act, and thence to the end
of the next session of Congress thereafter, and no longer.

Sec. 2. That the better to enable the Commissary-General of Subsist-
ence to carry into effect the provisions of the above specified acts there
be appointed two commissaries, to be taken from the line of the Army,
one of whom shall have the same rank, pay, and emoluments as quar-
termaster, and the other with the rank, pay, and emoluments of assist-
ant quartermaster.

Act of June 30, 1834. (4 Stats., 736).

AN ACT to provide- for the organization of the Department of Indian Affairs.
* * *

Sec. 16. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to
cause such rations as he shall judge proper, and as can be spared from

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 341

the army provisions without injury to the service, to be issued, under
such regulations as he shall think fit to establish, to Indians who may
visit the military posts or agencies of the United States on the fron-
tiers, or in their respective nations, and a special account of such issues
shall be kept and rendered.

Resolution of February 1, 1836 (5 Stats., 131).

RESOLUTION authorizing the President to furnish rations to certain inhabitants of

Florida.

That the President of the United States be authorized to cause
rations to be delivered from the public stores to the unfortunate suf-
ferers who are unable to provide for themselves and who have been
driven from their homes by Indian depredations in Florida, until they
can be reestablished in their possessions, or so long- as the President
shall consider it necessary.

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and

for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 11. That there be added to the commissariat of subsistence
one assistant commissary -general of subsistence, with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; one commissary of
subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a quartermaster
of the Army, and three commissaries of subsistence, with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of assistant quartermasters.

* * *

Sec. 17. That the allowance of sugar and coffee to the noncommis-
sioned officers, musicians, and privates, in lieu of the spirit or whiskey
component part of the army ration now directed by regulation, shall
be fixed at six pounds of coffee and twelve pounds of sugar to every
one hundred rations, to be issued weekly when it can be done with
convenience to the public service, and when not so issued to be paid
for in money.

Act of July 7, 1838 {5 Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth,
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:

* # *

Seventh. That the throe assistant commissaries of subsistence author-
ized by said act shall not be separated from the line of the Army.

342 LEGISLATIVE HLJTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Ace of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512).
AX ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes.

Sec. 3. That the office of Commissary-General of Purchases, some-
times called Commissary of Purchases, shall be, and the same is hereby,
abolished, and the duties thereof shall hereafter be performed by tne
officers of the Quartermaster's Department, with such of the officers
and clerks now attached to the purchasing department as shall be
authorized by the Sacretary of "War, and under such regulations as
shall be prescribed by the said Secretary, under the sanction of the
President of the United States.

Act of June 18, 181fi (9 Stats., 17).

AN ACT supplemental to an Act entitled "An Act providing for the prosecution of
the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico/' and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service
of the United States in such numbers that the officers of the . . .
commissary . . . departments, authorized by law, be not suffi-
cient to provide for supplying . . . them . . . , it shall be
lawful for the President to appoint, with the advice and consent of the
Senate, as many additioi al officers of said departments as the service
may require, not exceeding . . . one commissary for each brigade,
with the runk cf major, and . . . one assistant commissary, with
the rank of captain, . . . for each regiment; the said . . .
commissaries, . . . and assistant commissaries, to give bonds, with
good and sufficient sureties, for the faithful performance of their
duties; and they ... to perform such duties as the President
shall direct: Provided, That the said officers shall be allowed tho same
pay and emoluments as are now allowed to officers of the same descrip-
tions and grades in those departments ; that they be subject
to the rules and articles of war, and continue in service only so long
as their services shall be required, in connection with the militia and

volunteers.

* * *

July 10, 1848(9-246). Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted
men in the several corps of the Army.

Act of September 26, 1850 {9 Stats., Ifi9).

AN ACT to increase the commissariat of the United States Army.

That there be added to the Subsistence Department four commissaries
of subsistence, with the rank of captain, to be taken from the line of

the Army.

* * *

September 28, 1850 (9-504). Moneys received from the sale of subsistence, military
stores, and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring
certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 348

Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595).

AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis-
abled soldiers of the Army of the United States.

* * *

That . . . the Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . .
shall be, ex officio, comissioners of the same, . . .

* * *

Act of June 21, 1860 (12 Stats., 64).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the allowance of sugar and coffee ... as fixed
by the seventeenth section of the act of the fifth of July, eighteen
hundred and thirty-eight, shall hereafter be ten pounds of coffee and
fifteen pounds of sugar for every one hundred rations.

* * *

Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91).

AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and

sixtv-one.

* *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in
any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv-
ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising
a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When
immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency,
the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or
contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually
bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No
contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be author-
ized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment,
except in the War and Navy Departments for clothing, subsistence,
forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shadl not
exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms nor military sup-
plies whatever which are of a patented invention shall be purchased,
nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the
same shall be authorized by law and the appropriation therefor explic-
itly set forth that it is for such patented invention.

Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., 147).

g appropriations for the naval se
tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

AX ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thir-
\'ht

Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making
appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of

344 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY *0F GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY.

the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen
hundred and sixty -one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as
the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which
the said section shall still be in force.

. Act of March 2, 1861 {12 Stats., 214).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

* *

Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in
any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv-
ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of the article or articles or performance of the service, shall be made
by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the
same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the
public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by
open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which
such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged
between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made
unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation
adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments
for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation,
which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year.
And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropria-
tions for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Govern-
ment for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of June, eighteen
hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Act of July 22, 1861 {12 Stats., 268).

AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and
protecting public property.

* * *

Sec. 3. Each brigade shall . . . have . . . one

commissary of subsistence.

Act of Augwt S, 1861 {12 Stats., 287).

AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.

* * *

Sec. 2. . . . that there shall be added to the Subsistence Depart-
ment four commissaries of subsistence, each with the rank, pay, and
emoluments of a major of cavalry; and eight commissaries of subsist-
ence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a captain of cavalry,
and to be taken from the line of the Army, either of the Volunteers or

Regular Army.

* * *

Sec. 13. That the arnry ration shall be increased as follows, viz:
Twenty-two ounces of bread or flour, or one pound of hard bread,

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 345

instead of the present issue; fresh beef shall be issued as often as the
commanding officer of any detachment or regiment shall require it,
when practicable, in place of salt meat; beans and rice or hominy shall
be issued in the same ration in the proportions now provided by the
regulation, and one pound of potatoes per man shall be issued at least
three times a week, if practicable; and when these articles cannot be
issued in these proportions, an equivalent in value shall be issued in
some other proper food, and a ration of tea may be substituted for a
ration of coffee upon the requisition of the proper officer: Provided,
That after the present insurrection shall cease the ration shall be as
provided by law and regulations on the first day of July, eighteen
hundred and sixty -one.

Act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stats., 505).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropria-
tions for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty- two, and
for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the Secretary of War be authorized to commute the
army ration of coffee and sugar for the extract of coffee, combined
with milk and sugar, to be procured in the same manner and with like
restrictions and guaranties as preserved meats, pickles, butter, and
desiccated vegetables are procured for the Navy, if he shall believe it
will be conducive to the health and comfort of the Army, and not more
expensive to the Government than the present ration, and if it shall
be acceptable to the men.

* * *

July 17, 1862 {12-594)- Contractors for subsistence, clothing, etc., guilty of fraud
to he subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was
extended by sec. 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and
to all inspectors of military supplies.

Act' of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597).

* * *

Sec. 10. That each Army Corps shall have . . . one commissary
of subsistence, . . . , who shall bear, . . . the rank of
lieutenant-colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volun-
teer force by the President. . . .

Act of F(hruary9, 1863 (12 Stats., 648).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Commissary Department.

That there shall be added to the Subsistence Department of the Army
one brigadier-general, to be selected from the Subsistence Department,
who shall be Commissary-General of Subsistence, and by regular pro-

346 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

motion, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and two majors; the col-
onel and lieutenant-colonel to be assistant commissaries-general of
subsistence; and that vacancies in the above-mentioned grades shall be
filled by regular promotions in said department. And the vacancies
created by promotions herein authorized may be filled by selection
from the officers of the regular or volunteer force.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 74$).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance
Department, and for other purposes.

Sec. 11. That the army ration shall hereafter include pepper, in
the proportion of four ounces to every hundred rations.

* * *

Act of June 20, 186 If. (13 Stats., 1U).

AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other

purposes.

* . * *

Sec. 2. That the army ration shall hereafter be the same as pro-
vided by law and regulations on the first day of July, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-one: Provided, That the ration of pepper prescribed
in the eleventh section of the "Act to promote the efficiency of the
Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other
purposes," approved March three, eighteen hundred and sixty-three,
shall continue to be issued as heretofore. . . .

Act of June 25, 1864 (13 Stats., 181).
AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army.

That every . . . commissary and assistant commissary of sub-
sistence . . . shall, as soon as practicable, be ordered to appear
for examination as to his qualifications before a board to be composed
of three staff officers of the corps to which he belongs, of recognized
merit and fitness, of whom two at least shall be officers of volunteers,
which board shall make a careful examination as to the qualifications
of all officers who may appear before them in pursuance of this act,
and shall also keep minutes and make a full and true record of the
examination in each case. And all members of such boards of exami-
nation shall, before proceeding to the discharge of their duties as herein
provided, swear or affirm that they will conduct all examinations with
impartiality, and with the sole view to the qualifications of the person
or persons to be examined, and that they will not divulge the vote of
any member upon the examination of any officer who may appear
before them.

Sec. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened under
the direction of the Secretary of War, by the . . . Commissary-
General of Subsistence ... at convenient places; and general
rules of examination and a standard of qualifications shall be prescribed

TfiE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 347

by said officers subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, and
shall be published in general orders.

Sec. 3. That after such general orders shall have been published for
sixty days, if any officer who shall then be ordered before a board of
examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty days,
after receiving such special orders, to report himself as directed, all
his pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited until he does appear
and report for examination; and if he shall thereafter fail for a further
period of thirty days so to appear, he shall thereupon be dropped from
the rolls of the Army : Provided, however, That if such failure to appear
and report shall have been occasioned by wounds or sickness, or other
physical disability, then there shall be no forfeiture of pay until thirty
days after such disability has been removed; but if in sixty days after
the disability is removed the officer shall not report himself, he shall
then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases.

Sec. 4. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer
does not possess the requisite business qualifications, they shall forward
the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau
to which he may belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve
the finding and report of the board, he shall forward the same through
the Secretary of War to the President of the United States, and if the
President shall confirm the same, the officer so failing in his examination
shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the service with one month's
pay, and if not yet commissioned, his appointment shall be revoked.
And if the board shall report that any officer fails to pass a satisfactory
examination by reason of intemperance, gambling, or other immorality,
and if the head of the bureau shall approve the finding and report of
the board, and the same being communicated, as before provided, to
the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall be dismissed
from the service without pay, and shall not be permitted to reenter the
service as an officer: Provided, That such dismissal shall not relieve
him from liability under existing laws for any offense he may have
committed.

Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their records
of examination to the heads of the bureaus to which they appertain,
and such records shall be filed in the proper bureaus with a suitable
index, and any officer who may desire it snail be entitled to receive a
copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying
the same.

Act of July 4, 186 4 (1$ Stats., 381).

AN ACT to restrict the jurisdiction of the Court of Claims, and to provide for the pay-
nifiit of certain demands for quartermaster's stores and subsistence supplies fur-
nished to the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all claims of loyal citizens in States not in rebellion, for
subsistence actually furnished to said Armv and receipted for by the
proper officer receiving the same, or whicfi may have been taken by
such officer without giving such receipt, may be submitted to the Com-
missary-General of Subsistence, accompanied with such proof as each
claimant may have to offer; and it shall be the duty of the Commissary-
General of subsistence to cause each claim to be examined, and, if con-
vinced that it is just, and of the loyalty of the claimant, and that the

348 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

stores have been actually received or taken for the use of and used by
said Army, then to report each case for payment to the Third Auditor
of the Treasury with a recommendation for settlement.

March 3, 1865 (13-495). Commissaries of subsistence may sell rations at cost prices
to officers in the field; tobacco, not exceeding 16 ounces per month, may be sold to
enlisted men at cost prices, exclusive of cost of transportation.

March 3, 1865 (13-507). Provisions and clothing may be issued to destitute refu-
gees and freedmen.

Act of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 513).

AN ACT for the better organization of the Subsistence Department.

That during the continuance of the present rebellion, the Secretary
of War may, when in his judgment it is necessary, assign to each geo
graphical military division, to each separate army in the field consist
ing of more than one army corps, to each military department, and to
each principal subsistence depot, not exceeding ten in number, an offi-
cer of the Subsistence Department to act as chief commissary of such
military division, army, military department, or depot, and also an
officer of the Subsistence Department as assistant in the office of the
Commissary-General of Subsistence, each of whom, while so assigned
and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of
the Subsistence Department; and in like manner may assign, for pur-
poses of inspection or other special duty in the Subsistence Depart-
ment, commissaries of subsistence, not exceeding six in number, each
of whom, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and
emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of the Subsistence Department; and
to each army corps an officer of the Subsistence Department to be chief
commissary of the corps, with the like rank of lieutenant-colonel; and
in like manner may assign to each division of two or more brigades a
commissary, who, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank,
pay, and emoluments of a major of the Subsistence Department: Pro-
vided, That when any one of said officers is relieved from said duty,
his increased rank, pay, and emoluments allowed because of such
assignment shall cease, and he shall return to his commissioned rank
in the Subsistence Department: And provided further , That the officers
authorized to be assigned by this act shall be selected for each grade
from the commissaries of subsistence who hold commissions or rank in
the volunteer service and in the regular Subsistence Department in
proportion to the number of each of said classes, respectively, in service
at the date of the passage of this act.

* * *

July 35, 1866 (14^364).^- Commutation of rations at cost price to be paid to soldiers,
held as prisoners of war, during period of confinement.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* *

Sec. 16. That the Subsistence Department of the Army shall here-
after consist of the number of officers now authorized by law, viz:
One Commissary-General of Subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of a brigadier- general; two assistant commissaries-general of

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. i 349

subsistence, with the rank, pa}% and emoluments of colonels of cavalry;
two assistant commissaries-general of subsistence, with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; eight commissaries
of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of
cavalry; and sixteen commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of captains of cavalry.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence
shall hereafter be appointed by selection from the corps to which they
belong, . . .

* * *

Sec. 25. . . . the Subsistence Department is hereby authorized
and required to furnish such articles as may from time to time be
designated by the inspectors-general of the Army, the same to be sold
to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, . . . : Provided, That
this section shall not go into effect until the first day of July, eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven.

* * *

January 31, 1868 {14-246). Surplus desiccated potatoes and mixed vegetables
may be issued to all classes of destitute persons in the South.

June 11, 1868 {15-253) . Rations to be issued to Professor Powell's expedition
engaged in exploration of the Colorado River.

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions ... in the Commissary Depart-
ment, . . .

* * *

February 15, 1870 {16-65). Necessary supplies may be furnished to the poor and
destitute of the District of Columbia.

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 1>85).
AN ACT to provide for the better care and protection of subsistence supplies.

That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and em-

Eowered to select from the sergeants of the line of the Army who shall
ave faithfully served therein five years, three years of which in the
grade of noncommissioned officer, as many commissary-sergeants as
the service may require, not to exceed .one for each military post or
place of deposit of subsistence supplies, whose duty it shall be to
receive and preserve the subsistence supplies at the posts, under the
direction of the proper officers of the subsistence Department, and
under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of \V;u\
The commissary -sergeants hereby authorized shall bo subject to the
rules and Articles of War, and shall receive for their services the same
pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants.

April 23, 1874 {18-34). Temporary issue of supplies of food may be made for the
relief of the sufferers by the overflow of the Lower Mississippi River. [By the act
of May 13, 1*74 (18-46) the authority given was to expire September 1, 1874.]

Mam 28, 1874 {18-287). Rations to be issued to destitute people on the Tombigbee,
Warrior, and Alabama rivers.

350 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of June 23, 18? % (18 Stats., %U).

AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army.

* * *

Sec. 3. That hereafter there shall be three assistant commissaries-
general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieu-
tenant-colonel, instead of the two now allowed by law of said grade in
the Subsistence Department; that the number of commissaries of sub-
sistence with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry is
hereby reduced to twelve, and no appointment to fill a vacancy in said
grade shall be made until the number thereof shall be reduced to
twelve, and the number thereafter shall remain fixed at twelve.

* * *

Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or
mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing
the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff.

* * *

Sec. 8. That so much of section six of an act entitled ' 'An act mak-
ing appropriations for the support ot the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes,
approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to
the . . . Subsistence . . . Departments of the Army be, and
the same is hereby, repealed . . .

February 10, 1875 (18-314). Rations to be issued to persons on the Western frontier
made destitute by grasshoppers. This act to expire September 1, 1875.

REVISED STATUTES 2nd edition 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

A SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

Sec. 1134. Assistant quartermasters shall do duty as assistant com-
missaries of subsistence when so ordered by the Secretary of War.
* * *

Sec. 1140. The Subsistence Department of the Army shall consist
of one Commissary-General of Subsistence, with the rank of brigadier-
general; two assistant commissaries-general of subsistence, with the
rank of colonel of cavalry; two assistant commissaries-general of sub-
sistence, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; eight com-
missaries of subsistence, with the rank of major of cavalry, and sixteen
commissaries of subsistence, with the rank of captain of cavalry.

Sec. 1141. It shall be the duty of the officers of the Subsistence
Department, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to purchase
and issue to the Army such supplies as enter into the composition of
the ration.

Sec. 1142. The Secretary of War is authorized to select from the
sergeants of the line of the Army, who shall have faithfully served
therein five years, three years of which in the grade of noncommis-
sioned officers, as many commissary sergeants as the service may

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 851

require, not to exceed one for each military post or place of deposit
of subsistence supplies, whose duty it shall be to receive and preserve
the subsistence supplies at the posts, under the direction of the proper
officers of the Subsistence Department and under such regulations as
shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War. The commissary ser-
geants hereby authorized shall be subject to the rules and articles of
war, and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances
as ordnance sergeants.

Sec. 1143. The officers of the Subsistence Department shall, upon
the requisition of the naval or marine officer commanding any detach-
ment of seamen or marines under orders to act on shore, in cooperation
with the land troops, and during the time such detachment is so act-
ing or proceeding to act, furnish rations to the officers, seamen, and
marines of the same.

Sec. 1144.. The officers of the Subsistence Department shall procure,
and keep for sale to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, for cash
or on credit, such articles as may, from time to time, be designated by
the inspectors-general of the Army. An account of all sales on credit
shall be kept, and the amount due for the same shall be reported
monthly to the Paymaster-General.

* * *

Sec. 1146. Each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of
beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread
or flour, and at the rate of ten pounds of coffee, fifteen pounds of
sugar, two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four ounces of pep-

Eer, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a half of candles to every
undred rations. The President may make such alterations in the
component parts of the rations as a due regard to the health and com-
fort of the Army and economy may require.

Sec. 1147. The Secretary of War may commute the rations of coffee
and sugar for the extract of coffee combined with milk and sugar, if
he shall believe such commutation to be conducive to the health and
comfort of the Army, and not to be more expensive to the Govern-
ment than the present ration, provided the same shall be acceptable to
the men.

Sec. 1148. The ration of sugar and coffee, when issued in kind, shall,
when the convenience of the service permits, be issued weekly.

Sec. 1149. Tobacco shall be furnished to the enlisted men by the
commissaries of subsistence, at cost prices, exclusive of the cost of
transportation, in such quantities as tncy may require, not exceeding
sixteen ounces per month.

Sec. 1150. No officer belonging to the Subsistence Department, or
doing the duty of a subsistence officer, shall be concerned, directly or
indirectly, in the purchase or sale of any article entering into the com-
position of the rations allowed to troops in the service of the United
States, or of any article designated by the inspectors-general of the
Army and furnished for sale to officers and enlisted men at cost prices,
or of tobacco furnished for sale to enlisted men, except on account of
the United States; nor shall any such officer take or apply to his own
use any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business
connected with the duties of his office, other than that which may bo

allowed by law.

* * *

Sec. 1191. All officers of the . . . Subsistence . . . depart-
ments, . . . shall, before entering upon the duties of their respec-

352 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

tive offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such
sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all
public moneys and property which they ma} r receive. The President
may at any time increase the sums so prescribed. . . .

->: * *

Sec. 1193. The . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . .
shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong.

Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in the . . . Subsistence . . .

departments.

* * *

Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores
which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or
unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be
made by officers designated b}^ the Secretary of War, and the sales
shall be made under regulations prescribed by him.

* * *

Sec. 1293. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance shall be entitled to
receive one ration and a half daily. Other enlisted men shall be entitled
to receive one ration daily.

Sec. 1294. For each ration of sugar and coffee not issued, nor com-
muted for the extract of coffee combined with milk and sugar, enlisted
men shall be paid in money.

* * *

Sec. 1647. . . . Each brigade [of militia called in service]
. . . shall have . . . one commissary of subsistence. . . .

* * *

Sec. 1655. When the militia in the military service of the United
States are employed on the Western frontiers, there shall be allowed
two ounces of flour or bread and two ounces of beef or pork, in addi-
tion to each of their rations, and half a pint of salt, in addition to
eveiy hundred of their rations.

-X- ft *

Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the militaiy . . . service shall be made by or under the direction
of the chief officers of the departments of war. . . . And all
agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render
their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart-
ment for which such .supplies or services are required, subject, neverthe-
less, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. . . .

Sec. 3715. Contracts for subsistence supplies for the Army, made
by the Commissary-General, on public notice, shall provide for a com-
plete delivery of such articles, on inspection, at such places as shall be

stipulated.

* * *

Sec. 3732. No contract or purchases on behalf of the United States
shall be made, unless the same is authorized^ by law or is under an
appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . .
Departments, for . . . subsistence . . . , which, however,
shall not exceed the necessities of the current year.

* * *

Sec. 4815. The Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . . shall
constitute a board of commissioners for the Soldiers' Home. . . .

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 353

STATUTES AT LARGE.

June 23, 1879 {-21-30). To the cost of all stores and other articles sold to officers and
men, except tobacco, ten per centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation,
and other incidental charges.

Act of May 4, 1880 {21 Stats., 110).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That to the cost of all stores and other articles
sold to officers and men, except tobacco, as provided for in section one
thousand one hundred and forty -nine of the Revised Statutes, ten per
centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other inci-
dental charges, save that subsistence supplies may be sold to companies,
detachments, and hospitals at cost prices, not including cost of trans-
portation upon the certificate of an officer commanding a company or
detachment or in charge of a hospital, that the supplies are necessary
for the exclusive use of such compan}^, detachment, or hospital.

* * -*

May 4, 1880 {21-306). Authorizes issue of 4,000 rations for the use of the sufferers
made destitute by the cyclone at Macon, Miss.

February 24, 1881 (21-346). The cost price of articles sold by the Subsistence
Department to officers and men shall be understood, in all cases, to be the invoice
price of the last lot of that article received by the officer by whom the sale is made.

February 25, 1882 (22-378). Rations may be issued for the relief of sufferers from
the overflow of the Mississippi River. Additional appropriation for the purpose was
made by joint resolution of March 21, 1882 (22-379), and joint resolution of April 25,
1890 (26-671).

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 1,56).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes.

PAY DEPARTMENT.

For pay of the Army. . . . Provided, . . . and here-
after vacancies occurring in the . . . Commissary Departments
of the Army may, in the discretion of the President, be filled from
civil life.

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 561,).

AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home located at Washington, in
the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

* *

Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home
shall hereafter consist of . . . , the Commissary -General, .

X- * ;;

February 12, 1884 (28-267). Subsistence stores may bo issued to destitute persons
in the district overflowed by the Ohio River and its tributaries. Additional appro-
priation for this purpose was made liv resolution of February 15, 1884 (23-268).

March ..'7, 1884 (23-269). Not exceeding $125,000 of the appropriation for the

S. Doc. 229 23

354 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Ohio sufferers may be used for the relief of destitute persons in the district overflowed
by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. . Resolution of June 7, 1884 (23-273) ,
allows for same purpose the unexpended appropriation for the relief of the Ohio
sufferers.

Act of July 5, 1884. (23 Stats., 107).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes.

Subsistence of the Army. . . . Provided, That hereafter
all sales of subsistence supplies to officers and enlisted men shall be
made at cost price only; and the cost price of each article shall be under-
stood, in all cases of such sales, to be the invoice price of the last lot of
the article received by the officers making the sale prior to the first day
of the month in which the sale is made. ...

Quartermaster's Department. . . . Provided, That here-
after all purchases of regular and miscellaneous supplies for the Army
furnished by the . . . Commissary Department for immediate
use shall be made by the officers of such department under direction
of the Secretary of War, at the places nearest the points where they
are needed, the conditions of cost and quality being equal: Provided
also, That all purchases of said supplies, except in cases of emergency,
which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his
approval, shall be made by contract after public notice of not less
than ten days for small amounts for immediate use, and of not less
than from thirty to sixty days whenever in the opinion of the Secre-
tary of War the circumstances of the case and conditions of the serv-
ice shall warrant such extension of time. The award in every case
shall be made to the lowest responsible bidder for the best and most
suitable article, the right being reserved to reject an} r and all bids.
The . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence shall report
promptly all purchases of supplies made by his department, with their
cost price and place of delivery, to the Secretary of War, for trans-
mission to Congress annually.

* -X-

April 25, 1890 (26-671) . Authorizes purchase of subsistence stores for the relief of
such destitute persons as require assistance in the district recently overflowed by the
Mississippi River and its tributaries.

Act o/Jurie 16, 1890 (26 Stats., 157).

AN ACT to prevent desertions from the Army, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That the army ration now provided by law shall be increased
by the addition thereto of one pound of vegetables, the proportion to
be fixed by the Secretar}" of ^ ar.

Act of March 29, 1894- (28 Stats., P).

AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government.

That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury
Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of
officers or agents, . . . the Commissary-General of Subsist-

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 355

ence . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the
Treasury Department, for debiting on the proper account any charge
against any officer or agent intrusted with public property arising
from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the
property so intrusted to him.

Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233).

AX ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes.

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

. . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill
vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Subsistence Department,
respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of
the Army.

Act of February 12, 1895 (28 Stats., 654).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year
ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and for other purposes.

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

Subsistence Department: . . . Provided, That there shall be
no appointment of commissary of subsistence with the rank of captain
until the number of such officers in that grade shall be reduced below
eight, and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be
fixed at eight.

a *

March 2, 1895 (28-764), abolishes section 229, Revised Statutes, requiring annual
statement of contracts for supplies or services.

April 7, 1897 {30-219). Rations to be issued for the relief of destitute persons in
districts overflowed by the Mississippi River and the Red River of the North. Pro-
vision repeated in joint resolution of June 9, 1897 (30-221).

May 27, 1897 {30-220), authorizes purchase of food for the relief of destitute citi-
zens of the United States in Cuba.

December 18, 1897 {30-226). Subsistence stores to lie issued for the relief of per-
sons in the Yukon River country.

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
I nited States in time of war, and for other purposes.

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall
consist of . one chief commissary of subsistence,

who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel;
The staff of the commander of a division shall consist of . . . one
chief commissary of subsistence, . . . who shall have . . .

356 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the rank of major, . . . The staff of the commander of a brigade
shall consist of one commissary of subsistence, . . . with the
rank of captain, . . .

* tt *

May 18, 1898 {30-419). Prescribes modes of issuing subsistence stores to the
destitute inhabitants of Cuba.

Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 7 IS.)
AX ACT to increase the efficiency of the Subsistence Department of the Army.

That during the existence of the present war, and for not exceeding
one year thereafter, every commissary of subsistence, of whatever
rank, who shall be assigned to the duty of purchasing and shipping
subsistence supplies at important depots shall have the rank next
above that held by him and not above colonel, but the number so
assigned shall only be such as may be found necessary, not exceeding-
twelve; also, that the two commissaries of subsistence who may be
detailed as assistants to the Commissary-General of Subsistence shall
have the rank of colonel, provided that when any such officer is
relieved from said duty his temporary rank, pay, and emoluments shall
cease, and he shall return to his lineal rank in the Department.

Sec. 2. That there is hereby authorized to be added to the subsist-
ence department in the volunteer service during the present war, and
not to exceed one year thereafter, eight majors and twelve captains
for the discharge of such subsistence duties as may be assigned to
them by the Secretary of War, to be nominated and, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, to be appointed by the President.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for

other purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of . . . , a Subsistence Depart-
ment. . . .

* * *

Sec. 7. That the . . . , Subsistence Department, . . . shall
consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: . . .

* * *

Sec. 11. That so much of the act approved July seventh, eighteen
hundred and ninety-eight, as authorizes the assignment of certain
officers of the . . . subsistence departments with increased rank,
and the continuance in service of certain volunteer officers of these
departments for a period of one year after the close of the present
war, is repealed.

X- * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in
service, or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *

Six commissaries of subsistence with the rank of major, and twelve
assistant commissaries of subsistence with the rank of captain.

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 357

Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stats., 1064).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the regular and volunteer army
for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred.

* * *

[The total appropriation for the Subsistence Department] to be dis-
bursed and accounted for as "Subsistence of the Army," and for that
purpose shall constitute one fund.

* * *

Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the
United States . . . shall consist of ... . a Subsistence
Department, ...

* # *

Sec. 17. That the Subsistence Department shall consist of one Com-
missary-General with the rank of brigadier-general, three assistant
commissaries-general with the rank of colonel, four deputy commis-
saries-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, nine commissaries
with the rank of major, twenty-seven commissaries with the rank of
captain, mounted, and the number of commissary-sergeants now
authorized by law, who shall hereafter be known as post commissary-
sergeants: Provided, That all vacancies in the grades of colonel, lieu-
tenant-colonel, and major, created or caused by this section, shall be
filled by promotion, according to seniority, as now prescribed by law.
That to fill original vacancies in the grade of captain, created by this
act. in the Subsistence Department, the President is authorized to
appoint officers of volunteers commissioned in the Subsistence Depart-
ment since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight.

* * -

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding permanent
appointments in the . . . Subsistence Department,
including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain
and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen,
twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted accord-
ing to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and
nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which
can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the offi-
cers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy,
except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which
can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be
filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent
appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the
original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such
details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist,
under such system of examination as the President ina} r from time to
time prescribe.

358 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

for selection in any staff department until the}? - shall have served two
years with the line.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff
corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at
large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office
for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or
department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

* * *

Sec. 40. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to pre-
scribe the kinds and quantities of the component articles of the army
ration, and to direct the issue of substitutive equivalent articles in
place of any such components whenever, in his opinion, economy and
a due regard to the health and comfort of the troops may so require.

Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

ft ::

Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in
the grade of captain in the . . . Subsistence Department . . .
may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April
twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . .

VII -THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

359

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

July 27, 1775, Congress created an Hospital Department for the
Army, its chief being designated as Director-General and Chief Phy-
sician. By the resolution of April 7, 1777, Congress adopted the scheme
for a Medical Department prepared by the Army Medical Committee
of Congress, based on the organization of the British service and
accepted because it was so, for, as General Washington said, " The
number of officers mentioned in the inclosed plan I presume are nec-
essary for us, because they are found so in the British hospitals."

For some years subsequent to the close of the Revolutionary war
the Army consisted of troops enlisted for short terms of service, with
no provision for medical service other than that afforded by regimental
medical officers. The act of March 16, 1802, allowed two surgeons
and twent}'-five mates as the peace establishment, and by the act of
April 12, 1808, the President was authorized to appoint such number
of hospital surgeons and surgeons' mates as the service might require.
There was, however, no provision made for a chief of the Department
until, under the act of March 3, 1813, the office of Physician and
Surgeon-General was created; but the act of April 11, 1818, gave to
the Medical Department, for the first time in its history, a permanent
chief under the title of ""Surgeon-General."

1775-1783.

Director- General and Chief Physician.

July 27, 1775. Dr. Benjamin Church (Massachusetts).

Sept 14, 1775. Dr. Samuel Stringer (Maryland), Northern Department.

Oct. 17, 1775. Dr. John Morgan (Pennsylvania).

l)incti,r-( iencral.

Apr. 11, 1777. Dr. William Shippen, jr. (Pennsylvania).

M;ir. '12, 1780. Dr. David Oliphant (South Carolina), of hospitals in South Carolina.

Jan. 17, 1781. Dr. John Cochran (Pennsylvania).

I'lii/xicitin-General.

Apr. 11, 1777. i)r. Malachi Treat (New York), Northern Department.

Dr. Amini Kuhamah Cutler (New Hampshire), Eastern Department
Dr. Walter Jones (Virginia), Middle Department
July 1, 1777. Dr. Benjamin Rush (Pennsylvania), Middle Department
July 2, 1777. Dr. William Brown (Virginia), Middle Department

Sufij, i,n-( '/< nrral.

Apr. 11, 1777. Dr. Francis Forgue (Connecticut), Northern Department.

Dr. Philip Turner (Connecticut), Eastern -Department.

Dr. Benjamin Rush (Pennsylvania), Middle Department.
July 2, 1777. Dr. William Brown (Virginia), Middle Department
Feb. 21, 1778. Dr. Charles McKnight (Pennsylvania), Middle Department

361

362 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

Physician and Surgeon-General.

Apr. 11, 1777. Dr. John Bartlett (Rhode Island), Northern Department.
Dr. William Burnet (New Jersey), Eastern Department.
Dr. John Cochran (Pennsylvania), Middle Department.

Chief Physician and Surgeon.

Oct. 6, 1780. Dr. John Cochran (Pennsylvania).

Mar. 3, 1781. Dr. James Craik (Virginia).

Mar. 5, 1781. Dr. William Burnet (New Jersey).

Chief Physician.

July 15,1776. Dr. William Shippen (Pennsylvania), for the flying camp.
May 15, 1781. Dr. Peter Fayssoux (South Carolina) , of hospital in southern army.
Dr. James Brown ( ) , of the southern army.

Purveyor.

Oct. 6,1780. Dr. Thomas Bond, jr. (Pennsylvania).

Apothecary.

Oct. 7,1780. Dr. Andrew Craigie (Massachusetts).

1789-1901.

Physician- General.

July 19, 1798. Dr. James Craig (Virginia).

Physician and Surgeon-General.

June 11, 1813. Dr. James Tilton (Delaware).

Apothecary- General.

June 11, 1813. Dr. Francis le Baron (Massachusetts).

Surgeon- General.

Apr. 18,1818. Dr. Joseph Lovell (Massachusetts).

Nov. 30,1836. Dr. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., May 30, 1848) Thomas Lawson (Virginia).

May 15, 1861. Dr. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., March 13, 1865) Clement A. Finley (Ohio).

Apr. 25,1862. Brig. Gen. William A. Hammond (Maryland).

Aug. 22, 1864. Brig. Gen. Joseph K. Barnes (Pennsylvania) .

July 3,1882. Brig. Gen. Charles H. Crane (Massachusetts).

Nov. 23, 1883. Brig. Gen. Robert Murray (Maryland).

Nov. 18, 1886. Brig. Gen. John Moore (Indiana).

Aug. 16, 1890. Brig. Gen. Jedediah H. Baxter (Vermont).

Dec. 30,1890. Brig. Gen. Charles Sutherland (Pennsylvania).

May 30, 1893. Brig. Gen. George M. Sternberg (New York).

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

July 19, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That a committee of three be appointed to report
the method of establishing an hospital.

The committee chosen are, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Paine, and Mr.
Middleton.

July 27, 1775.

The Congress took into consideration the report of the committee
on establishing an hospital for the Army, and the same being debated,
was agreed to as follows:

That for the establishment of an hospital for the Army, consisting of
twenty thousand men, the following officers ... be appointed,
with the following allowance or pay, viz:

One director-general and chief physician, his pay per day, four
dollars.

Four surgeons, each ditto, one and one-third of a dollar.

One apothecary, ditto, one and one-third of a dollar.

Twenty surgeons' mates, each ditto, two-thirds of a dollar.

One clerk, ditto, two-thirds of a dollar.

Four storekeepers, each four dollars per month.

One nurse to every ten sick, one-fifteenth of a dollar per daj r , or
two dollars per month.

Laborers occasionally.

THE DUTY OF THE ABOVE OFFICERS.

The director to furnish medicines, bedding, and all other necessaries,
to pay for the same, superintend the whole, and make his report to
and receive orders from the Commander in Chief.

Surgeons, apothecaries, and mates to. visit and attend the sick,
and the mates to obey the orders of the physicians, surgeons, and
apothecaries.

Matron to superintend the nurses, bedding, etc.

Clerk to keep accounts for the director and storekeepers.

Storekeeper to receive and deliver the bedding and other neces-
saries by order of the director.

The Congress then proceeded to the election of officers for the hos-
pital, when

Benjamin Church was unanimously elected to be director of, and
physician in, the hospital.

363

364 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Resolved, That the appointment of the four surgeons and the apoth-
ecary be left to Doctor B. Church.

That the mates be appointed by the surgeons.

That the number of mates do not exceed twenty.

That the number be not kept in constant pay, unless the sick and
wounded should be so numerous as to require the attendance of twenty,
and to be diminished as circumstances will admit; for which purpose
the pay is fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for actual
service.

That owe clerk, two storekeepers, and one nurse to every ten sick
be appointed by the director.

September U, 1775.

Resolved, That Samuel Stringer, esq., be appointed director of the
hospital and chief physician and surgeon for the Army in the northern
department.

That the pay of the said Samuel Stringer, as director, physician, and
surgeon, be four dollars per day.

That he be authorized and have power to appoint a number of sur-
geons' mates under him, not exceeding four.

That the pay of said mates be two-thirds of a dollar per day. That
the number be not kept in constant pay, unless the sick and wounded
be so numerous as to require the constant attendance of four, and to
be diminished as circumstances will admit, for which reason the pay is
fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for actual service.

That the deputy commissary -general be directed to pay Dr. Stringer
for the medicines he has purchased for the use of the Army, and that
he purchase and forward such other medicines as General Schuyler
shall, by his warrant, direct for the use of said Army.

That Mr. Dyer, Mr. Lynch, Mr. Jay, Mr. J. Adams, and Mr. Lewis
be a committee to devise ways and means for supplying the Continental
Army with medicines.

September 23, 1775.

Ordered, That the committee appointed to devise ways and means
of supplying the Army with medicines do buy a parcel of drugs in
the hands of Mr. Rapalje, which he offers at prime cost.

October 3, 1775. "Doctor Isaac Foster, to take the direction and superintendency
of the general hospital until further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters [no
place given] . )

October 14, 1775. Dr. Church was arrested for holding correspondence with the
enemy.

October 17, 1775.

The Congress proceeded to the election Ol a director-general and
chief physician of the hospital [in Massachusetts Bay], in the room of
Dr. Church, and the ballots being examined,

Dr. John Morgan, of Philadelphia, was elected.

January 3, 1776.

Resolved, That the following goods and stores ought to be imported
as soon as possible for the use of the United Colonies, viz:

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 365

Medicines, surgeons' instruments, lint and bandages, in the whole to
the amount of 2,000 sterling.

* * *

Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered and directed to
pursue the most effectual measures for importing the foregoing
articles.

March 1, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to treat with the
owners of some medicines lately imported, and to purchase the same
on the most reasonable terms for the use of the continent.

May 3, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to send two hun-
dred pounds of Peruvian bark to the commanding officer in Virginia
for the use of the Continental forces in the southern department.

May 11, 1776.

Resolved, That two sets of trepanning instruments be sent to Vir-
ginia for the use of the surgeons of the Continental troops there; and
that two sets of trepanning instruments and 100 lbs. of Peruvian bark
be sent to North Carolina for the use of the Continental troops in that
colony.

May 18, 1776.

The Congress then proceeded to the election of a director of the
hospital in Virginia, and the ballots being taken,

William Rickman was elected.

Resolved, That the hospital in Virginia be on the same establish-
ment, and the pay of the officers thereof the same, as the hospital
established in the eastern department;

That two surgeons, one apothecary, six mates ... be allowed
to the hospital in Virginia;

That the director be empowered to nominate the surgeons and
apothecary;

That the mates be appointed by the surgeons, and that the number
of the mates be diminished as circumstances will admit; for which rea-
son the pay is fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for
actual services.

June 17, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the committee appointed to provide medi-
cines be directed to send a proper assortment of medicines to Canada.

June 18, 1776.

Iusnlr,<l. That Mi'. I ley ward and Mr. Hall be added to the commit*
tee procuring medicine .-.

366 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

July 6, 1776.

Resolved, That Doctor Jonathan Potts be emplo}'ed as a physician
and surgeon in the Canada department or at Lake George, as the gen-
eral shall direct; but that this appointment shall not supersede Dr.
Stringer.

July 15, 1776.

Resolved, That a chief physician be appointed for the flying camp,
and that his pay be four dollars a day.
The ballots being taken and examined,
Doctor William Shippen, jr., was elected.

July 17, 1776.

Resolved, That the number of hospital surgeons and mates be
increased in proportion to the augmentation of the Army, not exceed-
ing one surgeon and five mates to every five thousand men, to be
reduced when the Army is reduced or when there is no further occa-
sion for such a number;

That as many persons be employed in the several hospitals . . .
as are necessary for the service for the time being, to be appointed by
the directors of the respective hospitals;

* * %

That the several directors of hospitals in the several departments
. . . shall transmit to the director-general regular returns of the
number of surgeons' mates and other officers employed under them,
their names and pay; also an account of the expenses and furniture of
the hospital under their direction, and that the director-general make
reports of the same, from time to time, to the Commander in Chief
and this Congress.

* ;:-

That the pa} 7 of the hospital surgeons be increased to one dollar and
two-thirds of a dollar by the da\ r ; the pay of the hospital mates to
one dollar by the day; and the pay of the hospital apothecary to one
dollar and two-thirds of a dollar by the day; and that the hospital
surgeons and mates take rank of regimental surgeons and mates.

July <B0, 1776.

Resolved, That Dr. Senter be recommended to Dr. Morgan, who is
desired to examine him, and if, upon examination, he be found quali-
fied, to employ him in the hospital as a surgeon.

August 6, 1776.

Resolved, That the medical committee be directed to supply the
director of the hospital with such medicines as he may want.

August 7, 1776.
Resolved, That Dr. Rush be added to the medical committee.

THE MEDICAL DEPAKTMENT. 367

. 1 ugust 20, 1776.

Resolved, That Dr. Morgan was appointed director-general and
physician in chief of the American Hospital:

That Dr. Stringer was appointed director and physician of the
hospital in the northern department only;

That every director of a hospital possesses the exclusive right of
appointing surgeons and hospital officers of all kinds, agreeable to the
resolutions of Congress of the 17th of July, in his own department,
unless otherwise directed by Congress;

That Dr. Stringer be authorized to appoint a surgeon for the fleet
now fitting out upon the lakes;

That a druggist be appointed in Philadelphia, whose business it shall
be to receive and deliver all medicines, instruments, and shop furniture
for the benefit of the United States;

That a salary of 30 dollars a month be paid to the said druggist for
his labor.

Congress proceeded to the election of a druggist, and, the ballots
being taken,

Dr. William Smith was elected.

August 26, 1776.

R< solved, That Congress have a proper sense of the merits and serv-
ices of Dr. McHenry, and recommend the directors of the different
hospitals belonging to the United States to appoint Dr. McHenry to
the first vacancy that shall happen of a surgeon's berth in any of the
said hospitals.

September 16, 1776.

Beadved, . . . That the medical committee send an assortment
of proper medicines to the northern army;

* * *

September 20, 1776.

Ordered, That the medical committee forward 300 lbs. of Peruvian
bark to the southern department, for the use of the troops there.

Resolved, That an assistant physician to Dr. Shippeu be appointed
for the flying camp and troops in New Jersey, and that his pay be 2
dollars and # d. per day;

The ballot being taken,

Dr. William Brown was elected.

September ?4, 1776.

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to devise ways and
means for effectually providing the northern army with
medicines . . .

The members chosen, Mr. Rush, Mr. Hall, Mr. Chase, Mr. Johnson,
and Mr. Stockton.

U> solved, That the medical committee be directed to apply to the
council of safet} r of Pennsylvania for a quantity of medicines, to be
repaid in kind or in cash, as they shall choose.

368 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

September 30, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That it be recommended to the legislatures of the
United States to appoint gentlemen in their respective States, skillful
in physic and surgery, to examine those who offer to serve as sur-
geons or surgeons' mates in the Army . . . and that no surgeon or
mate shall hereafter receive a commission or warrant to act as such in
the Army . . . who shall not produce a certificate from some one of
the examiners to be appointed, to prove that he is qualified to execute
the office.

That all regimental surgeons and mates, as well as those of the hos-
pital, be subject to the direction and control of the directors in the
several departments.

October 9, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That John Morgan, esq., provide and superintend
an hospital, at a proper distance from the camp, for the army posted
on the east side of Hudson River.

That William Shippen, jr., esq., provide and superintend an hospital
for the army in'the State of New Jersey.

That each of the hospitals be supplied by the respective directors
with such a number of surgeons, apothecaries, surgeons' mates . . .
as they shall judge expedient.

That they make weekly reports to Congress and the Commander in
Chief of the officers and assistants of each denomination, and also the
numbers of sick and deceased in their respective hospitals.

November 26, 1776.

Resolved, That the committee who are sent to the camp be directed
to make particular enquiiy into the abuses in the Medical Department
in the Army, and report thereon to Congress.

November 28, 1776.

Resolved, That Dr. Morgan take care of such sick and wounded of
the Army of the United States as are on the east side of Hudson's
River, and that Dr. Shippen take care of such sick and wounded as are
on the west side of Hudson's River; and that they both be directed to
use the utmost diligence in superintending the surgeons and mates of
the Army, so that the sick and wounded may be effectually provided
with everything necessary for their recoveiy.

November 29, 1776.

Resolved, That the medical committee be directed to provide suffi-
cient quantities of antiscorbutics for the use of the hospitals in the
northern army;

That the hospital at Fort George be continued for the reception of
soldiers laboring with contagious diseases, and that there be a general
hospital erected on Mount Independence;

That a suitable spot of ground for a garden be enclosed in the neigh-
borhood of the general hospital, to supply the Army with vegetables,

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 369

and that laborers be hired to cultivate it under the direction of an
overseer, to be appointed by the general or commanding officer.

That the general or commanding officer in each of the armies cause
strict enquiry to be made into the conduct of the directors of the hos-
pitals and their .surgeons, officers, and servants, and of the regimental
surgeons, that if there had been any just ground of complaints in
those departments the offenders may be punished.

That the colonel or commanding officer of every regiment make
frequent enquiry into the health of the men under his command and
report the state thereof, with any negligence, malpractice, or other
misconduct of the surgeons or others, to the general and to Congress,
delivering copies of such reports to all persons therein accused.

December 1, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the medical committee be directed to take
such steps as they shall judge proper for the accommodation of the
sick of the Army.

December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, the continental apothe-
cary was directed to remove certain stores to a place of safety.

December 30, 1776.

Resolved^ [That one wagon be allowed on a march] for the partic-
ular use of the director of the hospital. Each wagon to be drawn by
two horses . . . and subject to such orders as shall from time to
time be issued by the general or commanding officer.

January 9, 1777.

Resolved, That Dr. John Morgan, director-general, and Dr. Samuel
Stringer, director of the hospital in the northern department of the
Army of the United States, be, and they are hereby, dismissed from
any further service in said offices.

That the directors of the military hospitals throughout the Army,
with the assistance of the hospital and regimental surgeons in each
department, make returns to Congress as soon as possible of the kind
and quantity of medicines, instruments, and hospital furniture that
remain on hand.

January 14-, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the medical committee provide a suitable
assortment of medicines and send them to the hospital in the northern
army with all possible despatch, together with other necessaries for
the sick. . . .

That Dr. Potts be directed to repair to Ticonderoga without delay.

That Dr. Stringer be directed to deliver to Dr. Potts such medicines
and other medical stores as may be in his hands belonging to the
continent.

S. Doc. 22t) 24

370 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January <29, 1777.

Resolved, That Dr. Mackenzie, who has the care of the sick in the
hospital in Baltimore, be empowered to appoint a mate to assist him.

February 5, 1777.

Resolved, That the medical committee be empowered to employ a
suitable person in each of the States to purchase such medicines as they
shall direct, for the use of the army, which can be procured at any
reasonable rates.

April 7, 1777.

Resolved, That there be one director-general of all the military hos-
pitals, which shall be elected for the Continental Army in the United
States, who shall particularly superintend all the hospitals between
Hudson's and Potomac rivers.

That there be one deputy director-general, who, in the absence of
the director-general, shall superintend the hospitals to the eastward of
Hudson's River.

That there be one deputy director-general, who, in the absence of the
director-general, shall superintend the hospitals in the Northern
Department.

That when the circumstances of the war shall require it, there be
one deputy director-general, who, in the absence of the director-
general, shall superintend the hospitals in the Southern Department.

That the director-general, or, in his absence, the deputy director-
general in each respective department, be empowered and required,
with the adv-ice and consent of the commander in chief therein, to
establish and regulate a sufficient number of hospitals at proper places
for the reception of the sick and wounded of theArnry; to provide
medicines, instruments, dressings, bedding, and other necessary furni-
ture, proper diet, and everything requisite for the sick and wounded
soldiers and the officers of the hospitals; to pay the salaries and all
other expenses of the same.

That there be assistant deputy directors to superintend the hospitals
committed to their care, and assist in providing the articles before
specified, under the orders or control of the director or deputy director-
general of the respective districts.

That there be one apothecary-general for each district, whose duty
it shall be to receive, prepare, and deliver medicines and other articles
of his department to the hospitals and Army as shall be ordered by
the director-general or deputy directors-general, respectively.

That the apothecaries be allowed as many mates as the director-
general or respective deputy directors-general shall think necessary.

That there be a commissary of the hospitals in each of the aforesaid
districts, whose duty it shall be to procure, store, and deliver provi-
sions, forage, and such other articles as the director-general shall
judge necessary for the use of the hospitals, in the purchase of which
he shall frequently consult with the Commissary and Quartermaster-
General, and be regulated by the prices which they give.

That the commissary be allowed such assistants and storekeepers as
the director-general or deputy director-general of the district shall
judge necessary.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 371

That a steward be allowed for every hundred sick or wounded, who
shall receive provisions from the commissary and distribute them
agreeable to the orders of the director-general, or physician, or
surgeon-general, and be accountable to the commissary for the same.

That a matron be allowed to every hundred sick or wounded, who
shall take care that the provisions are properly prepared; that the
wards, beds, and utensils be kept in neat order, and that the most
exact economy be observed in her department.

That a nurse be allowed for even 7 ten sick or wounded, who shall
be under the direction of the matron.

That an hostler or stabler be allowed to each hospital, to receive the
horses from the commissary, and to take care of the wagon and other
horses belonging to the hospital, pursuant to orders from the director-
general, or, in his absence, the deputy director-general, or such other
officers as he shall appoint.

That there be a clerk in each district, whose business it shall be to
keep the accounts of the hospitals and to receive and deliver the monies
agreeable to the orders of the director or deputy director-general.

That a sufficient number of assistant clerks be allowed.

That such officers and soldiers as the general shall order to guard
the hospitals and to conduct such as shall be weekly discharged the
hospitals to their respective regiments shall, while on this duty, obey
the director or deputy director-general, or the physicians and surgeons-
general.

That the director and deputy directors-general be respectively
empowered to appoint and discharge their assistant deputy directors,
and other said officers and attendants of the hospitals, in such numbers
as the necessities of the Army may require, and the commanders-in-
chief of the department shall, in writing, approve, report of which to
be immediately made to Congress, as hereafter directed.

That there be also one physician and one surgeon-general in each
district, to be appointed by Congress, whose duty it shall be, respec-
tively, to superintend the practice of physic and surgery in all the
hospitals of the district to which they shall be appointed, and in the
absence of the director or deputy director-general they shall have
power to order the physicians, surgeons, and other officers of the sev-
eral hospitals to such duty as they shall think proper, and shall report
weekly to the director-general, or, in his absence, to the assistant
deputy director, the state and number of the sick and wounded in the
hospitals, and the delinquent officers of the same, and see that such as
may be fit shall be delivered every week to the officer of the guard, to
be conducted to the Army.

That there be allowed, also, senior physicians and surgeons, who
shall attend, prescribe for, and operate upon, and see properly treated,
such sick and wounded as shall be allowed them by the director-
general, deputy director-general, or assistant director, or physician, or
surgeon-generar, the number for the district to be determined by the
director or deputy director-general and appointed by the surgeon and
physician-general.

That there be also such a number of second surgeons as the director
or deputy director-general for the district shall judge necessary to
assi>t tin- senior surgeons, and be under the same direction, and to be
appointed by the physician and surgeon-general as aforesaid.

That there be also such a number of mates as the director-general or

372 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

deputy director-general of the district shall direct, who shall assist the
surgeons in the care of the wounded, and see that the medicines are
properly and regularly administered, and appointed in the manner
before directed for the senior and second surgeons.

That a suitable number of covered and other wagons, litters, and
other necessaries for removing the sick and wounded shall be supplied
by the quartermaster or deputy quartermaster-general, and in cases of
their deficiency, by the director or deputy director-general.

That there be one physician and surgeon-general for each separate
army, who shall be subject to the orders and control of the director-
general and deputy director-general of the district wherein he acts.
That his duty shall be to superintend the regimental surgeons and
their mates, and to see that they do their duty, to hear all complaints
against the said regimental surgeons and mates, and make report of
them to the director-general, or, in his absence, to the deputy director,
or, in their absence from the said army, to the commanding officer
thereof, that they may be brought to trial by court-martial for mis-
behavior; to receive from the director-general or deputy director-
general, a suitable number of large strong tents, beds, bedding,
medicines, and hospital stores, for such sick and wounded as can not
be removed to the general hospital with safety, or may be rendered fit
for duty in a few days; and shall also see that the sick and wounded,
while under his care, are properly attended, dressed, and conveyed,
when able, to the general hospital, for which last purpose he shall be
supplied by the director-general, or deputy director, with a proper
number of convenient wagons and drivers.

That each physician and surgeon-general of the armies shall appoint
such a number of surgeons, nurses, and orderly men as the director
or deputy director-general shall judge necessary, for the more effectual
care and relief of the sick and wounded, under the care of such phy-
sician and surgeon-general, as provided in the last foregoing section;
and the said physicians and surgeons-general shall have under them, in
each army, a steward to receive and properly dispense such articles of
diet as the director-general, or deputy director-general, shall give or
order to be given him by the commissary of the army or hospital.

That whenever any regimental surgeon or mate shall be absent from
his regiment without leave from the said surgeon-general, or the Com-
mander in Chief of the Army where his duty lies, the said surgeon-
general shall have power to remove such surgeon or mate, and forthwith
to appoint another in his stead.

That the director, deputy directors, physicians, and surgeons-general,
and all other officers before enumerated shall be tried by a court-
martial for any misbehavior or neglect of duty as the Commander in
Chief of the several armies shall direct.

That the physician and surgeon-general of each army shall cause
daily returns to be made to him of all the sick and wounded which
have been removed to the hospitals, all that remain in the hospital
tents, all that are become fit for duty, all that are convalescent, and all
who may have died, specifying the particular maladies under which
the sick and wounded labor.

That the said physicians and surgeons-general shall cause weekly
returns of the same to be made to the director or deputy director-
general, respectively.

That the Dhysicians and surgeons-general of the hospitals cause like

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 373

daily returns to be made in every hospital, and the like weekly returns
to their respective directors, mutatis mutandis.

That the deputy directors-general cause the like returns to be made
once every month to the director-general, together with the names
and denominations of all the officers in the respective hospitals.

And that the director-general shall make a like return for all the
hospitals and armies of these United States once every month to the
medical committee.

April <9, 1777.

Resolved, That in time of action and on any other emergency when
the regimental surgeons are not sufficient in number to attend properly
to the sick and wounded that can not be removed to the hospitals, the
director or deputy director-general of the district be empowered and
directed upon the request of the physician and Surgeon-General of
the Army to send from the hospitals under his care to the assistance
of such sick and wounded, as many physicians and surgeons as can
possibly be spared from the necessary business of the hospitals.

That the directors, deputy directors-general, assistant deputy direct-
ors, physicians and surgeons-general be, and they are hereby, required
and directed to employ such parts of their time, as may conveniently
be spared from the duties before pointed out to them, in visiting and
prescribing for the sick and wounded of the hospitals under their care.

That the establishment of the Medical Department be as follows:

Director-General 6 dollars a day and 9 rations.

Deputy director-general 5 do. 6 do.

Assistant deputy director 3 do. 6 do.

Physician-general and surgeon-general, each 5 do. 6 do.

Physician and Surgeon-General of the Army 5 do. 6 do.

Senior surgeons, each 4 do. 6 do.

Second surgeons, each 2 do. 4 do.

Surgeons' mates, each \\ d. do. 2 do.

Apothecaries-general, each 3 do. 6 do.

Do. mates, each 1 \ d. do. 2 do.

Commissary 2 do. 4 do.

Clerk, who is to be paymaster 2 do. 4 do.

Assistant clerks, each f ds. do. 1 do.

Stewards, each 1 do. 2 do.

Matron \ do. 1 do.

Nurses, each 24-90ths do. 1 do.

Stabler 1 do. 1 do.

Regimental surgeons 2 do. 4 do.

Do. mates, each \\ d. do. 2 do.

April 11, 1777.

Congress then proceeded to the election of officers in the hospital
department; and the ballots being taken,

Dr. William Shippen, jr., was chosen, by the unanimous ballot of
the thirteen States, director-general of all the military hospitals for the
armies of the United States.

Dr. Walter Jones, physician-general of the hospital in the Middle
Department.

Dr. Benjamin Rush, surgeon -general of the hospital in the Middle
Department.

Dr. John Cochran, physician and surgeon-genera] of the army in
the Middle Department.

374 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Dr. Isaac Forster, deputy director-general of the hospital in the
Eastern Department.

Dr. Ammi Ruhamah Cutter, physician-general of the hospital in the
Eastern Department.

Dr. Philip Turner, surgeon-general of ditto.

Dr. William Burnet, pnysician and surgeon -general of the army in
the Eastern Department.

Dr. Jonathan Potts, deputy director-general of the hospital in the
Northern Department.

Dr. Malacni Treat, physician-general of ditto.

Dr. Forgue, surgeon -general of ditto.

Dr. John Bartlett, physician and surgeon-general of the army in the
Northern Department.

April 12, 1777.

Resolved, That the surgeons-general and physicians-general of the
hospitals shall each of them regulate the practice of both physic and
surgery, and do the duty of physician and surgeon-general in the
hospitals respectively committed to their charge, and that the director
and deputy directors-general take proper care to keep the sick and
wounded in separate departments.

April M, 1777.

Resolved, That the director and deputy directors-general shall con-
stantly publish in the newspapers the names of the places in which
their military hospitals are respectively kept, and the several com-
manding officers of parties, detachments, or corps, on their march to
and from the camp, shall send to the said hospitals such of their officers
and soldiers as from time to time are unable to proceed, together with
certificates to the director or deputy director-general, mentioning the
names of the said officers and soldiers and particular regiments to
which they belong; unless, from the distance of the hospital or other
causes, it shall at any time be necessary to deliver them to the care of
private physicians or surgeons, in which cases such physicians and
surgeons, and also the respective commanding officers, are forthwith
to report their names and regiments to the director or deputy directors-
general as aforesaid, who shall give the necessary orders for removing
them to the hospitals as soon as may be, and discharge the reasonable
demands of the physicians and surgeons conducting, agreeable to this
resolve.

That the director and deputy directors-general and assistant deputy
directors have power to order to their respective hospitals the sick
and wounded of the Army, wherever found, in their own or other
departments, provided such departments are not supplied with any of
the officers aforesaid.

April 25, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the physician or surgeon-general of the
hospital in the middle department be directed to send a proper person
or persons in the medical department to visit all the hospitals betwixt
this city and the town of Annapolis, in Maryland, with directions to
order all such soldiers as shall be deemed capable of service to join
immediately their respective corps under proper officers.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 375

May U, 1777.

Resolved, . . . The commander in chief, and the commander in
any separate department, shall be authorized to allow such quantities
of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think "proper,
to . . the director-general of the hospital, his subs and surgeons-

general, . . ; provided, always, that if any of the officers above

mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in
consequence of any general order hereafter given, and should, never-
theless, not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to
draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more
horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be
allowed any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof.

June 10, 1777.

Resolved, . . . XXXVI. That all persons employed to pur-
chase for the United States any articles in the several departments of
the . . . director, . . . shall previously apply to them, or
the principal officers under them, respectively, for certificates of the
several prices by them allowed for such articles, and shall not, on any
pretence whatsoever, exceed such prices. . . .

June 23, 1777. Dr. Walter Jones declined, June 20, appointment of physician-
general.

July 1, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a physician-general of the
hospital in the middle department, in the room of Dr. Jones; and the
ballots being taken,

Dr. Benjamin Rush was elected.

July 2, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a surgeon -general of the
hospital of the middle department, in the room of Dr. Rush; and the
ballots being taken,

Dr. William Brown was elected.

August 9, 1777.

The medical committee, to whom was referred the letter from Dr.
W. Rickman, report "that as the establishment of the military hospital
in Virginia, by a resolution of Congress of the 18th of May, 1776, is
entirely distinct from and independent of the general establishment of
hospitals in the other States, they arc of opinion the same was not
affected by the new regulations of the 7th or April last, and that Dr.
Rickman still continues director of that hospital;" whereupon,

Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report.

Ordered, That a copy of the foregoing report and concurrence of
Congress be sent to Dr. Shippen, and that ho be directed to withdraw
from Virginia such physicians, surgeons, or assistants as he may have
sent thither.

876 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Any unt 30, 1777.

September 16, 1777. The director-general was ordered to remove to Bethlehem, Pa.,
or some other place of safety, the patients, or stores belonging to his department
ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, X. J.

November 19, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the director-general of the hospitals be
authorized to cause stoves to be erected in the different hospitals in
case he shall think such a measure will conduce to make up for the
present scarcity of blankets and clothing, or to the greater comfort of
the sick; and that the wagons annexed to the hospital department be
employed as much as possible in the transportation of fuel for the
respective hospitals.

November 19, 1777. The director-general of the military hospitals and his assistants
were authorized to call on the clothier-general for a proportionate share of blankets,
shirts, shoes, and stockings for the use of the sick and wounded.

December 20, 1777. Dr. Rickman (director of hospital at Alexandria) was suspended
pending disposition of complaints charging him with neglect of duty. He was
acquitted of the charges against him and ordered to resume his duties. October 21,
17S0, he was informed that, pursuant to his former request, he was left out in the
new arrangement of the hospital department.

January 6, 1778.

Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed to deliver to the
order of the director-general as much linen and as many blankets as
can be spared, to be retained in the hospital for the use of the sick.

* * *

That a member of Congress be appointed to visit the hospitals in
the middle department. The member chosen, Mr. Penn.

* * *

Resolved, That the sum of 10 dollars shall be paid by every officer,
and the sum of four dollars by every soldier, who shall enter or be
sent into any hospital to be cured of the venereal disease; which sums
shall be deducted out of their pay, and an account thereof shall be
transmitted by the physician or surgeon who shall have attended them
to the regimental paymaster for that purpose; the money so arising
to be paid to the director-general, or his order, to be appropriated to
the purchasing blankets and shirts for the use of the sick soldiers in
the hospital.

January SO, 1778. Dr. Rush's resignation was accepted.

February 3, 1778. '

And whereas many persons employed ... in other civil
departments are dispersed in various pails of the continent, over

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 377

whom neither Congress nor the head of their respective departments
can have the immediate inspection.

Bemlved, That it be recommended to the legislative and executive
authority of every State to take effectual measures for preventing
any person within their States from exercising any office in the civil
department of the Army, . . . under Congress, who shall not,
when thereunto required by any magistrate, produce a legal appoint-
ment to such office, and a certificate of his having taken the foregoing
oaths or affirmations, or who shall neglect or refuse to take and sub-
scribe the said oaths or affirmations within the time above limited.

February 6, 1778.

For the better regulating the hospitals of the United States.

Resolved, That there be a deputy director-general for the hospitals
between Hudson's and Potomac rivers; and that the superintending
care of the director-general be extended equally over the hospitals in
every district, and that he be excused from the duty of providing sup-
plies when the deputy director- general shall be ready to enter upon
the office;

That the several officers of the hospitals shall cease to exercise such
of their former powers as are herein assigned to other officers thereof;

That in the absence of the director-general from any district the
physician-general and surgeon-general .shall hereafter determine the
number of hospitals to be provided by the deputy director-general for
the sick and wounded, and shall superintend and control the affairs of
such hospitals;

That the director-general shall consult with the physician-general
and surgeon-general in each district about the supplies necessary for
the hospitals, and shall give orders in writing to the deputy director-
general thereof to provide the same; and in the absence of the
director-general the physician-general and surgeon-general shall issue
such orders;

That each deputy director-general shall appoint one or more of the
assistant deputy directors under him to the sole business of providing
beds, furniture, utensils, hospital clothing, and such like articles; and
shall appoint one or more to provide medicines, instruments, dressings,
herbs, and necessaries of a similar kind;

That the director-general shall frequently visit the hospitals in each
district and see that the regulations are carried into effect; shall exam-
ine into the number and qualifications of the hospital officers, report
to Congress any abuses that may have taken place, and discharge the
supernumerary officers, if there be any, that all unnecessary expense
may be saved to the public; and when the director-general is in any
particular district the physician-general and surgeon-general in that
district shall not appoint any officers without his consent;

That on the settlement of hospital accounts the officers entrusted
with public money shall produce vouchers to prove the expenditure,
and receipts from the proper officers of the hospitals, specifying the
delivery of the stores and other articles purchased, and the apothe-
caries, mates, stewards, matrons, and other officers receiving such
stores and other articles shall be accountable for the same, and shall
produce vouchers for the delivery thereof from such officers, and
according to such forms as the physicians-general and surgeons-general
have directed, or shall from time to time direct; which forms and

378 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

directions the physicians and surgeons general shall report to the board
of treasury;

That the director-general, or, in his absence from the district, the
physician-general and surgeon-general, shall appoint a ward master for
each hospital, to receive the arms, accoutrements, and clothing of each
soldier admitted therein, keeping entries of and giving receipts for
such articles which, on the recovery of the soldier, shall be returned to
him, or, in case of his death, the arms and accoutrements shall be deliv-
ered to the commissary or deputy commissary of military stores and
receipts be taken for the same; and the ward master shall receive and
be accountable for the hospital clothing, and perform such other serv-
ices as the physician-general or surgeon-general shall direct;

That the physician-general and surgeon -general shall hereafter make
no returns to the deputy directors-general, but the returns shall be
made by the said officers respectively to the director-general, who shall
carefully transmit copies of each with his monthly return to Congress,
and suspend such of the officers aforesaid as neglect this or any other
part of their duty, and shall report their names to Congress;

That the director and deputy directors-general forthwith prepare
their accounts and adjust them with the commissioners of claims;

That four dollars a day and the former allowance of rations be here-
after allowed to each assistant deputy director and the commissary of
the hospitals in each district; and one dollar a day and two rations to
each ward master.

Resolved, That Dr. Potts be called from the northern district and
appointed to act as deputy director-general in the middle district.

Resolved, That the eldest assistant deputy director in the northern
district shall execute the office of deputy director-general in the said
district until the further orders of Congress;

That the salaries of the hospital officers and debts contracted for the
hospitals of the middle district to the time of Dr. Potts's entering upon
the office of deputy director-general therein shall be adjusted and paid
by the director-general, who shall deliver all the public stores in his
possession to the deputy director-general or his order, taking dupli-
cate receipts for the same and transmitting one of each to the board of
treasury; and the same rule shall be observed by Dr. Potts with respect
to the salaries and debts of the hospital of the northern district and
the public stores thereof, which are to be delivered to his successor in
office in that district.

Congress proceeded to the election of a physician-general in the
middle district in the room of Dr. Rush, and the ballots being taken,
Dr. William Brown was elected.

February 21, 1778.

Resolved, That a surgeon-general be appointed for the hospital in
the middle department, in the room of Dr. Brown, promoted; the
ballots being taken,

Dr. Charles McKnight was elected.

Whereas the duty of the person who executes the office of secretary
and paymaster of the hospital in the middle department is important
and difficult.

Resolved, That the pay of the person who executes those offices in
the hospital in the middle department be augmented to three dollars
a day.

March 9, 1778. Dr. Ammi Ruhamah Cutter's resignation was accepted.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 379

June 9, 1778.

* * *

Ji< solved, That the deputy director-general of the hospital in the
eastern department shall, as heretofore, in the absence of the director-
general, supervise the medical affairs of that department till the further
order of Congress.

. August U, 1778.

Resolved, That the resolution of Congress of the 9th of June last
authorizing the deputy director-general of the hospital in the eastern
department, in the absence of the director-general, to superintend the
medical affairs of that department be, and it is hereb} 7 , repealed; and
that the said hospital for the future be under the same regulations as
the hospitals in the other departments.

Resolved, That the director-general be directed to enquire into the
state of the hospital in the eastern department, and give proper orders
for the good government and economy thereof, and discharge unquali-
fied and supernumerary officers, if any there be.

October 20, 1778.

Whereas, by a resolution of Congress of April 22nd, 1777, it is pro-
vided that the several commanding officers of parties, detachments, or
corps on their march to or from camp shall send to the military hos-
pitals such of the officers and soldiers as, from time to time, are unable
to proceed, unless from the distance of the hospitals or other causes it
shall at any time be necessary to deliver them to the care of private
physicians or surgeons, in which cases the deputy director-general
shall discharge the reasonable demands of the physicians and surgeons
conducting, agreeably to the said resolve.

And whereas no provision is therein made for discharging the
accounts of other persons who have been or may be employed by
proper officers "for taking care of and providing for such officers and
soldiers;

Resolved, That the deputy directors-general, respectively, be author-
ized and instructed to discharge such of the said accounts as .shall
appear to be reasonable and just, provided that each person who may
hereafter be employed to provide for officers and soldiers as aforesaid
shall give earliest notice thereof to the deputy director-general, or the
physician or surgeon-general of the district, in order for the speedy
removal to the military hospitals.

November 21>, 1778.

Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall
receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra
ration heretofore allowed them.

January 23, 1779.

Rexolved, That the director-general of the medical department be
authorized and instructed to enjoin the several deputy directors, phy-
sicians, and surgeons-general, and other officers under his superintend-
ence to attend and perform such duties, at any post or place, as a

380 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY

change of the position of the Army, or other circumstances, may, from
time to time, make necessary, and shall be required by the Commander
in Chief, notwithstanding such deputy director, physician, or surgeon
is, by the general arrangement of the hospital, attached to a particular
department; and that in case of any dispute concerning their seniority
or precedence, the director-general shall determine the same in the
first instance, the party supposing himself aggrieved being at liberty
to appeal for redress to the medical committee.

Resolved, That the director-general be authorized and instructed to
supply, for the use of the regimental surgeons, such medicines and
refreshments as may be proper for the relief of the sick and wounded
before their removal to a general hospital, and to be dispensed under
the care and at the discretion of the physician and Surgeon-General of
the Army.

March 10, 1779. "Col. C. Hall is appointed to superintend the hospital at Bruns-
wick and relieve Col. Beauford." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-Brook.)

March 16, 1779.

Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be
put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to
arrests, trials, and punishments.

April 13, 1779. "Lt. Col. Dabney is appointed to superintend the hospitals in
Jersey." (Orders, General Headrjuarters, Middle-Brook.)

May 11, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who serve with the Army
shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line,
provided they engage for a year or longer.

May 18, 1779. "Major Stevenson is appointed to relieve Col. Dabney in the
superintendency of the hospitals in New Jersey." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Middle- Brook.)

June 2, 1779. "Lieutenant-Col. Simms, is appointed to superintend the hospitals in
Pennsylvania." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-Brook.) *

June 12, 1779. Dr. John Morgan, director-general and chief physician of the
general hospitals of the United States, was removed January 9, 1777, by reason of
the general complaints of persons of all ranks in the Army, but on the report of the
medical committee to Congress August 9, 1777, that body resolved, June 12, 1779,
"That Congress are satisfied with the conduct of Dr. John Morgan while acting as
director-general and physician in chief in the general hospitals of the United States,"
and ordered the publication of the resolution.

August 11, 1779.

August 18, 1779.

Resolved, That until further order of Congress the said officers [of
the Army] be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence money
the sums following, to wit: Each colonel, . . . 500 dollars; every
lieutenant-colonel, 400 dollars; every major, . . . 300 dollars;
every captain, 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign, and surgeon's mate,
100 dollars.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 381

Rewired, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10
dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly
for their subsistence in lieu of those articles ot food originally intended
for them and not furnished.

August 30, 1779. "Lt. Col. Adams is appointed to superintend the hospitals in
Pennsylvania and Jersey." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' s House.)

October 24, 1779. " Lieutenant Colonel Williams is appointed to superintend the
hospital in Albany." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' 's House.)

October, 27, 1779.

Resolved, That the director-general, each of the deputy directors-
general, each physician and surgeon-general, each senior physician and
surgeon, each junior surgeon, each apothecary -general . . . each
apothecary's assistant in the hospital of the United States shall be
entitled to draw clothing annually from the stores of the clothier-
general in the same manner and under the same regulations as are
established for officers of the line by a resolution of the 26th day of
November, 1777.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the said officers
of the military hospital shall also be entitled to subsistence in like
manner as is granted to officers of the line, to be estimated in the fol-
lowing ratio:

1st. The director-general to receive the same subsistence as a colonel
in the line.

2d. The deputy directors-general, the physicians, surgeons, and
apothecaries general, the same as lieutenant-colonels.

3d. The senior physicians and surgeons, the same as majors.

The junior surgeons and apothecaries' assistants, the same as cap-
tains, . . . and to commence from the said 18th day of August.

Resolved, That the mates of the military hospital shall, during
service, be entitled to the same subsistence as is given to regimental
surgeons' mates by the resolution of the 18th day of August last.

October 28, 1779. Resolution of October 27, relative to Medical Department recon-
sidered and recommitted to the Medical Committee.

November W, 1779.

Resolved, That the director-general, deputy directors-general, the
assistant deputy directors, the physicians and surgeons-general of the
hospitals and Army, the senior surgeons, the second or junior sur-
geons, the apothecaries-general and apothecaries' mates or assistants,
the hospital chaplains, regimental surgeons and mates, mates of the
military hospitals, commissaries, assistant commissaries, paymasters
and stewards of the hospital who shall have been in the service for the
space of one year, and are at present employed in the same, shall each
be entitled annually to draw clothing from the stores of the clothier-
general in the same manner and under the same regulations as are
established for officers of the line by a resolution of Congress on the
26th day of November, 1777.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the following
officers of the military hospital shall be entitled to subsistence in like
manner as is granted to officers of the line by a resolution of the 18th
day of August last, and in the following proportions, viz: Each deputy

382 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY.

director-general, 500 dollars per month; each assistant deputy director,
400 dollars; each physician-general and surgeon-general, 500 dollars;
each physician and surgeon-general, 500 dollars; each senior surgeon,
400 dollars; each junior surgeon, 300 dollars; each apothecary-general,
400 dollars; each apothecary's assistant or mate, 100 dollars; each com-
missary, 300 dollars; each commissary's assistant, 200 dollars; each
clerk, who is to be paymaster, 200 dollars; each steward, 100 dol-
lars; . . .

The same to commence from the 18th day of August last.

Resolved, That all mates necessarily employed in the military hospi-
tal or Army shall, during service, be entitled to the same subsistence as
is given to regimental mates, viz, 100 dollars per month.

November 22, 1779. The medical committee was instructed to revise the several
resolutions relating to the hospital department, digest and arrange them with such
amendments as will make the whole consistent and conformable to the alterations
made by Congress in the original system.

November 22, 1779. "Major Cochrane, of the New York troops, is appointed to
relieve Lieutenant-Colonel Williams, superintending the hospital at Albany."
{Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.)

November 26, 1779.

Resolved, That the returns for clothing for officers in the medical
staff (regimental surgeons and their mates, who are to draw with the
regimental staff, excepted) be signed by the director-general or the
physician-general and surgeon-general of the district, and such clothing
shall be delivered either by the clothier-general, or any subclothier in
the State in which the officer to receive clothing shall reside, as is pro-
vided in the cases of other staff officers not taken from the line.

December 8, 1779. "Doctor Latimer [is] appointed a senior surgeon in the flying
hospital." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristaum.)

December 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War, having procured a small
supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers
of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State: The clothier-general is to
deliver them upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and
departments at the rate directed by a resolution of Congress of the 25th of November
last, . . . surgeons of the general and flying hospital . . ." {Orders, General
Headquarters, Morristown.)

January 27, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the issuing commissaries be respectively
directed not to deliver rations or parts of rations to any hospital com-
missary, unless on returns signed by him and countersigned by the
principal physician or surgeon of the respective hospitals, specifying
the names and stations of the persons for whom, and for what time,
the rations are drawn, and that the hospital commissary be also required
to annex to each ration the receipts of the persons to whom he shall
have delivered the provisions drawn on the last return.

February^, 1780.

Resolved, That Doctor David Oliphant, director-general of the hos-
pitals in the State of South Carolina, be, and he is hereby, directed to
make monthly returns to the medical committee, agreeable to the reso-
lutions of Congress of the Tth of April, 1779, and that he cause a
duplicate thereof to be delivered monthly to the commanding officer,

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 383

for the time being, of the southern army, and that the director-general
of the hospitals to the Army of the United States be furnished with a
cop} r of this resolution.

March 23, 17S0. "A subaltern officer from Genl. Hand's brigade is to be sent to
Phukemin to-morrow to superintend the hospital there in place of Lieut. Leonard."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. )

May 23, 1780.

Resolved, That the director-general, or in his absence, deputy
director-general, of the hospitals in the eastern district, be, and he is
hereby, directed to have a suitable house at or near the post of New
London, in the State of Connecticut, for the reception of such sick
American prisoners as shall from time to time be exchanged and
landed in that neighborhood, and that one senior surgeon or physician
and a suitable number of mates be occasionally employed therein, as
the number of sick shall increase or diminish.

June 26, 1780.

Whereas it is represented by the medical committee that difficulties
arise in the hospital department from the arrest of the director-general,

Resolved, therefore, That the medical committee be, and are nereby,
authorized to take proper measures for carrying on the business of the
said department, and that all medical gentlemen and others attached to
the said department pay obedience to the orders of the said committee.

June 26, 1780. Dr. William iShippen, jr., was charged, June 15, 1779, with mal-
practice and misconduct in office. He was tried, but acquitted, and restored to his
position a.s director-general October 6, 1780.

July 6, 1780. "Doctor Hagan, senior surgeon in the general hospital, is appointed
to <li> duty in that capacity in the flying hospital." (Orders, General Headquarters,
Pracaness.)

July 14, 1780. "Colonel Spencer is appointed to superintend the hospitals in Jer-
sey." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.)

July 21, 1780. Congress accepted the resignation of Dr. W. Brown, physician-
general.

August 22, 1780.

Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the
destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public
stores . . . upon which the existence of the armies of these United
States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made for the
just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the . . .
purveyor of the hospitals, . . . therefore,

Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted
with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other
property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general
court-martial of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose,
embezzled, or willfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled, any of the
provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili-
tary or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of
America, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be
directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree
of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and every person in
any of the said departments, intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be con-

384 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

victed at a general court-martial of having through neglect suffered
any of the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall
suffer such punishment as the said court shall in their discretion direct.
according to the degree of the offense.

8qptemier90, 1780.

Whereas the late regulations for conducting the affairs of the gen-
eral hospital are in many respects defective, and it is necessary that
the same be revised and amended in order that the sick and wounded
may be properly provided for and attended, and the business of the
hospitals conducted with regularity and economy: Therefore.

iteadUoecLi That there be one director of the military hospitals, who
shall have the general direction and superintendence of all the hospi-
tals to the northward of North Carolina; that within the aforesaid
limits there be three chief hospital physicians, who shall also be sur-
geons: one chief physician, who shall also be a surgeon, to each sepa-
rate army: fifteen hospital physicians, who shall also be surgeons;
twenty surgeons* mates for the hospitals; one purveyor, with one
a>>istant: one apothecary: one assistant apothecary; and to each hos-
pital, a steward, matron, orderly men. and nurses, as heretofore.

That the director, or, in his absence, one of the chief hospital phy-
sicians, be empowered and required, with the advice and consent of the
commander in chief, or commander of a separate army, to establish
and regulate such a number of hospitals, at proper places, for the
reception of the sick and wounded of the army, as may be found
necessary.

That the director be authorized and instructed to enjoin the several
chief hospital physicians, and other officers of the hospitals under his
superintendence, to attend at such posts or stations as he may judge
proper, and also to attend and perform such duties at any post or
place as a change of the position of the army or other circumstances
may from time to time make necessary and shall be required by the
Commander in Chief; and that in case of any dispute concerning their
seniority or precedence, the director shall determine the same in the
first instance, the party supposing himself aggrieved being at liberty
to appeal for redress to the medical committee.

That in time of action, and on any other emergency, when the regi-
mental surgeons are not sufficient in number to attend properly to the
sick and wounded that can not be removed to the hospitals, the director,
or, in his absence, the nearest chief hospital physician, be empowered
and required, upon request of the chief physician and surgeon of the
Army, to send from the hospitals under his care, to the assistance of
such sick and wounded, as many surgeons as can possibly be spared
from the necessary business of the hospitals.

That the director, or, in his absence, two of the chief hospital physi-
cians, shall make out and deliver, from time to time, to the purveyor,
proper estimates of hospital stores, medicines, instruments, dressings,
and such other articles as may be judged necessary for the use of the
hospitals; also direct the apothecary or his assistant to prepare and
deliver medicines, instruments, dressings, and other articles in his pos-
session to the hospitals and surgeons of the Army and Navy as he or
they may judge necessarv.

That the director authorize and instruct the purveyor and apothe-

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 385

cary to supply, for the use of the regimental surgeon*, such medicines
and refreshments as may be proper for the relief of the sick and
wounded before their removal to a general hospital, and to be dis-
pensed under the care and at the direction of the chief physician of the
Army.

That the director, or, in his absence, the chief hospital physicians,
respectively, be empowered occasionally to employ second mates when
the number of the sick shall increase so as to make it necessary, and
to discharge them as soon as the circumstances of the sick will admit.
That the director, or. in his absence, the chief hospital physicians,
respectively, shall appoint a ward master for each hospital to receive
the spare regimental arms, accoutrements, and clothing of each soldier
admitted therein: keeping entries of and giving receipts for every article
received, which, when the soldiers shall be discharged, shall be ac-
counted for by the said ward master with the commanding officer of
the regiment to which such soldier belonged or the officer directed to
take charge of the convalescents from the said hospital: or. in case of
the death of the soldier, shall be accounted for with and delivered to
the quartermaster of the regiment to which the said soldier belonged:
and the ward master shall receive and be accountable for the hospital
clothing and perform such other services as the chief hospital physician
shall direct.

That the director shall make returns of all the sick and wounded in
the hospitals once every month to the medical committee, together with
the names and ranks of all the officers and others employed in the sev-
eral hospitals.

That the director be required to employ such part of his time as may
be spared from the duties before pointed out to him in visiting and
prescribing for the sick and wounded of the hospitals, and that he pay
particular attention to the conduct of the several officers in the hospital
department, and arrest, suspend, and bring to trial all delinquents
within the same.

That the duty of the chief hospital physicians shall be to do and
perform all the duties hereinbefore enjoined them to do in the absence
of the director; to receive and obey the orders of the director made
and delivered to them in writing: to superintend the practice of physic
and surgery in the hospitals put under their particular care by the
director, or which . by order of the Commander in Chief or the com-
mander of a separate army, may be by them established; to see that
the hospital physicians and other officers attending the same do their
duty: and make monthly returns to the director of the state and num-
ber of the sick and wounded in the hospitals under their care: and
also make returns to the director and to the medical committee of all
delinquent officers in order that they may be speedily removed or pun-
ished; and to take measures that all such sick and wounded as are
recovered and fit for duty be delivered weekly to the officer of the
guard to be conducted to the Army: when present at any hospital to
te orders to the proper officers for supplying them with necessaries:
and generally, in the absence of the director, to superintend and
control the business of such hospitals, suspend delinquent and remove
unnecessary noncommissioned officers making report to the director:
and when in their power to attend and perform or direct all capital
operation-.

That the hospital phy-ician- -hall take rhargv of >uch particular

12 :id

386 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

hospitals as may be assigned them by the director. They shall obey
the orders of the director, or in his absence of the chief hospital
physician. They shall have power to suspend officers under them, and
to confine other persons in the hospitals serving under their charge for
negligence or ill behavior until the matter be regularly inquired into.
They shall diligently attend to the cases of the sick and wounded of the
hospitals under their care, administering at all times proper relief, as
far as may be in their power. They shall, respectively, give orders,
under their hands, to the assistant purveyor or steward at the hospital,
for the issuing provisions and stores, as well as for the procuring any
other small articles that the exigencies of the hospital may require and
which the store is not provided with, having always a strict regard to
economy, as well as the welfare of the sick then to.be provided for.
They shall make weekly returns to the nearest chief hospital physician
of the state of the hospitals under their respective care.

The mates shall each take charge of and attend the patients assigned
them, and perform such other duties as shall be directed by the director,
chief, or other physicians and surgeons.

The chief physician and surgeon of the Army shall be subject to the
orders and control of the director. His duty shall be to superintend
the regimental surgeons and their mates, to see that they do their duty;
to hear all complaints against the said regimental surgeons and mates,
and make report of them to the director, or in his absence to the
Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army, that
they may be brought to trial by court-martial for misbehavior; to
draw for and receive from the purve} r or a suitable number of large,
strong tents, beds, bedding, and hospital stores, and from the apothe-
cary or his assistant proper medicines for such sick and wounded per-
sons as cannot be removed to the general hospital with safety or ma} T
be rendered fit for duty in a short time. He shall also see that the
sick and wounded while under his care are properly attended and

Erovided for, and conveyed, when fit to be removed, to the general
ospital, for which last purpose he shall be supplied by the Quarter-
master-General with a proper number of convenient wagons and drivers.
He shall have a steward, whom he is to appoint, to receive and properly
dispense such articles of diet and refreshments as shall be procured for
the sick, and also shall appoint such a number of nurses and orderly
men as may be necessary for the attendance of the sick and wounded
under his care. He shall cause daily returns to be made to him of all
the sick and wounded which have been removed to the hospitals, all
that remain in the hospital tents, all that are become fit for duty,
all that are convalescent, and all who may have died, specifying the
particular maladies under which the sick and wounded labor, and shall
make a monthly return thereof to the director, who shall add it to his
general hospital returns to be transmitted monthly to the medical
committee.

That whenever any regimental surgeon or mate shall bo absent from
his regiment without leave from the chief physician and surgeon or
commander of the army where his duty lies the said chief physician
and surgeon shall have power to remove such surgeon or mate and
forthwith appoint another in his stead.

That the purveyor provide or cause to be provided all hospital
stores, medicines, instruments, dressings, utensils, and such other
articles as shall be prescribed by the written order of the director or

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 387

two of the chief hospital physicians, and deliver or cause the same to
be delivered, upon written orders, under the hand of the director,
chief hospital physician, or one of the hospital physicians having the
charge of a particular hospital or of the chief plrysician and surgeon
of the Army, which, with receipts thereon for delivery of the same,
shall bo his sufficient vouchers. He shall be allowed a clerk and as
many storekeepers as occasion may require and the director shall
approve of. He shall also pay the salaries of the officers and all other
expenses of the hospitals. He shall render his accounts every three
months to the board of treasury for settlement, and make application
for money to the medical committee, before whom he shall lay esti-
mates of articles necessary, which shall previously have been approved
and signed by the director or two of the chief hospital physicians. At
the same time he shall render to them an account of the expenditure
of the last sum of money advanced to him; and the said medical com-
mittee shall lay such estimates before Congress with their opinion
thereon.

That the assistant purveyor shall procure such supplies and do and
perform such parts of the purveyor's dut} r as by him shall be particu-
larly assigned to him.

That the apothecary and his assistants receive, prepare, and deliver
medicines, instruments, and dressings, and such other articles of his
department to the hospitals and Army on orders in writing from the
director, or either of the chief hospital physicians, or chief physician
or surgeon of the Arary; and that he be allowed as many mates as
occasion may require and the director shall approve of.

That the director, or in his absence the chief hospital physician,
shall appoint a steward for each hospital, whose duty it snail be to
purchase vegetables and other small articles, under the direction of the
purveyor, and to receive hospital stores from the purveyor and provi-
sions from the Commissary -General and issue the same for the use of
the sick and wounded agreeably to the order of the plrysician and sur-
geon attending such hospital, the steward to account with the purveyor
for all such issues.

That the director, or in his absence the chief hospital physician,
appoint a proper number of matrons, nurses, and others necessary for
the regular management of the hospitals and hx and ascertain their
pay, not exceeding the sums heretofore allowed, and point out and
prescribe their particular duties and employments in writing, which
they are enjoined to observe and obey.

That the director, with two chief hospital physicians, be empowered
to fix the pay of second mates and of such clerks, storekeepers, and
other persons as may occasionally be employed, and also make such
regulations and point out and enjoin in writing such further particular
duties for the several officers of the hospital department as they may
judge necessary for the regular management of the same, which duties
shall always be consistent with, and in no wise contradictory to, any
of the duties hereinbefore particularly enumerated, and which, being
reported to and approved or by the medical committee, shall thereupon
Ix-rome-obligatory to all those concerned.

That the Quartermaster-General furnish the hospital department
from time to time, as occasion may require, with such a number of
bones and wagons as may be accessary for removing the sick and
wounded and for transporting the hospital stores, but that no other

388 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

horses than those belonging to the officers of the department, for
which forage may be herein allowed, be kept separately and at the
expense of the department.

That no person concerned in trade on his own account shall be suf-
fered to act as an officer in the hospital or Medical Department of the
Army.

That no officer or other person in the hospital department, except
the sick and wounded, be permitted to use any of the stores provided
for the sick.

That the director, chief hospital physicians, and the chief physicians
and surgeons of the Army, physicians and surgeons, purveyor, apothe-
cary, assistant purveyor, and assistant apothecary, be appointed and
commissioned by Congress, the regimental surgeons and mates to be
appointed as heretofore.

That the director, with the advice and concurrence of two of the
chief hospital physicians, appoint all hospital mates, which appoint-
ments shall be certified by warrants under the hand of the director; in
which appointments no person shall be admitted under the age of
twenty-one years.

That all the officers in the hospital or medical department shall be
subjected to trial by courts-martial for all offences in the same manner
as officers in the line of the Army. t

Resolved, That the pay and establishment of the officers of the hos-
pital department and medical staff be as follows:

Director, 150 dollars per month, 2 rations for himself, and one for
his servant, per day, and forage for two horses.

Chief physicians and surgeons of the Army and hospitals, each 140
dollars per month, 2 rations per day, and forage for two horses.

Purveyor and apothecary, each 130 dollars per month.

Physicians and surgeons of the hospitals, each 120 dollars per month,
1 ration per day, and forage for one horse.

Assistant purveyors and apothecaries, each 75 dollars per month.

Regimental surgeons, each 65 dollars per month, 1 ration per day,
and forage for one horse.

Surgeon's mates in the hospitals, 50 dollars per month, 1 ration per
day.

Surgeon's mates in the Army, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day.

Steward for each hospital, 35 dollars per month, 1 ration per day.

Ward master for each hospital, 25 dollars per month, 1 ration per
day.

Resolved, That none of the aforesaid officers or any persons employed
in any of the hospitals be entitled to rations, or provision, or forage
when on furlough.

Resolved, That the chief physician of the Army be allowed a two-
horse covered wagon for transporting his baggage.

That the several officers above mentioned snail receive their pay in
the new currency, emitted pursuant to a resolution of Congress on the
18th day of March last; and that they be allowed and paid at the rate
of five dollars of said currency per month for every retained ration;
and shall each be entitled annually to draw clothing from the stores of
the clothier-general, in the same manner and under the same regula-
tions as are established for officers in the line, by a resolution of Con-
gress of the 25th of November, 1779.

That the returns for clothing for officers in the medical staff (regi-
mental surgeons and their mates, who are to draw with the regimental

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 389

staff, excepted) be signed by the director or one of the chief hospital
physicians; and such clothing shall be delivered either by the clothier-
general or any subclothier in the State in which the officer to receive
clothing shall reside, in the same manner as is provided in the cases of
other staff officers not taken from the line.

That the several officers whose pay is established as above (except
the stewards and ward masters) shall at the end of the war be entitled
to a certain provision of land, in the proportion following, viz:

The director to have the same quantity as a brigadier-general.

Chief physician and purveyor, the same as a colonel.

Physicians and surgeons and apothecary, the same as a lieutenant-
colonel.

Regimental surgeons and assistants to the purveyor and apothecary,
the same as a major.

Hospital and regimental surgeon's mates, the same as a captain.

That the former arrangements of the hospital department, and all
resolutions heretofore passed touching the same, so far as they are
inconsistent with the foregoing, be repealed, excepting that the hospi-
tals in the Southern Department, from North Carolina to Georgia,
inclusive, be continued under the same regulations as heretofore, until
the further order of Congress.

October 6, 1780.

Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Hospital Depart-
ment, and, the ballots being taken,

Doctor William Shippen, jr., was elected director-general;

Doctor John Cochran, chief physician and surgeon o* the Army;

Dr. James Craik,

Doctor Malachi Treat,

Doctor Charles McKnight, chief hospital physicians.

October 7, 1780.

Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Hospital Depart-
ment, and, the ballots being taken,
Thomas Bond, jr., was elected purveyor;
Isaac Ledyard, assistant purveyor;
Doctor Andrew Craigie, apothecary;
William Johonot, assistant apothecary;
Doctors James Tilton,

Samuel Adams,

Davis Townshend,

Henry Latimer,

Francis Hagan,

Philip Turner,

William Burnet,

John Warren,

Moses Scott,

David Jackson,

Bodo Otto,

Moses Bloomficld,

William Eustis,

George Draper,

Barnabas Bmney, hospital physicians and surgeons.

390 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

October 7, ,1780. Dr. Matthew Maus was appointed surgeon to the regiment of inva-
lids, and Col. Nicola was authorized to appoint a proper surgeon's mate to the regi-
ment when the number of sick shall make it necessary.

October 28, 1780.

Resolved, That the director of the hospitals, the chief physicians and
surgeons of the hospitals and the Army, and the other physicians and
surgeons of the hospitals, and also the purveyor, apothecaiy, and their
respective assistants, and the stewards, do severally take the oaths or
affirmations directed by a resolution of Congress of February 3d, 1778,
and deposit duplicate certificates of taking the same with the medical
committee as soon as possible; that the said officers, respectively, be
subject to the pains and penalties mentioned in the resolution of the
above date for neglecting to take the said oaths or affirmations; and
that the director of the hospitals take measures for carrying this reso-
lution into immediate effect.

November 24, 1780. Dr. Shippen was directed to repair to headquarters and put
himself under the orders of the Commander in Chief; his resignation was accepted
January 3, 1781.

December 7, 1780. Dr. John Warren accepted office of hospital physician.

December 9, 1780.

Ordered, That the purveyor and apothecary be directed to issue
medicines and refreshments necessary for the transient sick which
may be from time to time under the care of Doctor Maus, as is done
in the general hospital, he making returns of such sick in the manner
directed in the hospital regulations to the director and signing receipts
for such stores as are issued to him.

Ordered, That Doctor Maus report to the commanding officer at the
barracks such officers as are appointed to act under him as surgeons
to the transient sick, in case of misdemeanor, in order that they may
be tried for misconduct or neglect of duty by a garrison court-martial.

December 13, 1780. Congress accepted the resignations of Drs. Bloomfield and Scott,
two hospital physicians.

December 31, 1780. "A field officer from the Pennsylvania line to relieve Col.
Spencer in the superintendency of the hospitals in New Jersey. He will receive the
standing instructions from Col. Spencer." {Orders, General Headquarters, [noplace
given.'] )

January 17, 1781.

Congress proceeded to the election of a director of the military hos-
pital, and, the ballots being taken,

Dr. John Cochran was elected, having been previously nominated

by Mr. Varnum.

* * *

Whereas by the plan for conducting the Hospital Department passed
in Congress the 30th day of September last no proper establishment
is provided for the officers of the medical staff after their dismission
from public service, which, considering the custom of other nations
and the late provision made for the officers of the Army after the con-
clusion of the war, they appear to have a just claim to, for remedy
whereof, and also for amending several parts of the above-mentioned
plan:

Resolved, That all officers in the Hospital Department and medical

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 391

staff hereinafter mentioned who shall continue in service to the end
of the war or be reduced before that time as supernumeraries shall be
entitled to and receive during life, in lieu of half pay, the following
allowances, viz:

The director of the hospital, equal to the half pay of a lieutenant-
colonel ;

Chief physicians and surgeons of the Army and hospital and hospital
physicians and surgeons, purveyor, apothecaiy, and regimental sur-
geons, each equal to the half pay of a captain;

That there be allowed to the purve3 T or, apothecary, and assistant
purveyor each forage for one horse;

That the power given in the before-mentioned plan to the chief
physician and surgeon of the Army to remove regimental surgeons
and mates in case of absence without leave shall in future extend no
further than a power of suspension until such delinquent shall be
reported to a proper officer for bringing him to trial by court-martial;

That the apothecary may deliver medicines, instruments, and dress-
ings, and other articles of his department to the hospitals on orders
in writing from a physician and surgeon having the care of any par-
ticular hospital where the director or one of the chief physicians and
surgeons shall not be present to give the same;

That the power given to the director and chief hospital physicians
with respect to the appointment of matrons, nurses, and other persons
necessary for the regular management of the hospitals be extended to
each of the physicians and surgeons of the hospitals in the absence of
the director and chief physicians and surgeons.

February 1, 1781.

Resolved, That the purveyor of the hospital be, and hereby is,
empowered and directed to collect, or cause to be collected, and secured
under his care until properly issued, all public hospital stores and medi-
cines in Virginia late under the direction of Dr. Rickman or others
acting under the United States, and all persons in possession of such
public stores or medicines are hereby required to deliver the same to
the said purveyor or his order upon demand.

February 5, 1781.

Ordered, That the medical committee give the directions necessary
for establishing a hospital in Virginia and providing for the same, and
also for removing the sick from the new gaol in this city to some
proper place to be provided as a hospital for prisoners.

February 6, 1781.

/ir. solved, That Thomas Bond, jr., purveyor to the general hospital,
be, and hereby is, authorized to settle the accounts for salaries and
pay the officers of the hospital established in Virginia, under the direc-
tion of Dr. Gould, which have accrued since the new arrangement of
the Medjcal Department, and that Dr. Rickman, late deputy director,
settle and return the accounts of salaries due the officers of the said
hospitals prior to that date to the present purveyor.

392 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

March 3, 1781.

Ordered, That Dr. James Craik, chief hospital physician and sur-
geon, be, and he is hereby, appointed chief physician and surgeon of
the Army in the room of Dr. J. Cochran, elected director of the
hospital. . . .

March 5, 1781.

According to the order of the day, Congress proceeded to the elec-
tion of a chief physician and surgeon of the hospitals in the room of
Dr. Craik, removed to the Army; and, the ballots being taken,

Dr. William Burnet was elected, having been previously nominated
by Mr. Witherspoon.

March 22, 1781.

Whereas the late regulations for conducting the Medical Department
and military hospitals passed the 30th day of September last, and
amended by several subsequent acts of Congress, extend no further
southward than to include the State of Virginia; and whereas the
present operations of the war to the southward make it necessary that
the Hospital Department in that district be rendered as uniform to that
in the Northern army as circumstances will permit that no inconvenience
may arise to the Army in general from different and opposite systems,
as its operations may eventually be interchangeable from one district
to another in a short space of time: Therefore,

Resolved, That there be one deputy director of the military hospitals,
who shall, in the absence of the director, have the general control and
management of all the military hospitals that are or may be established
under the orders of the commander of the Southern army for the time

being.

* * *

Resolved, That for the army aforesaid there shall be one chief phy-
sician of the hospital, who shall also be a surgeon; one chief physician
to the said army, who shall also be a surgeon; two hospital physicians,
who shall also be surgeons, and four surgeon's mates for the hospitals;
one deputy purveyor with an assistant; one deputy apothecary with
an assistant; and to each hospital a steward, matron, orderly men, and
nurses as is directed in the arrangement of the hospital passed the 30th
day of September aforesaid;

That the deputy director, deputy purveyor, and deputy apothecary
have and exercise the same powers which are exercised by the director,
purveyor, and apothecary, respectively, agreeably to the arrangement
above mentioned;

That the pay of the deputy director be 140 dollars per month, that
of the deputy purveyor and deputy apothecary each 120 dollars per
month; and they shall severally be entitled to the same emoluments
and subject to the same regulations and restrictions as their respective
principals are entitled or subjected to by the above-mentioned arrange-
ment and the amendments thereto;

That all th other officers of the hospital and medical staff for the
Southern army exercise the powers, perform the same duties, receive
the same pay and emoluments, and be subject to the regulations and

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 393

restrictions laid down in the aforesaid arrangement for officers of like
description:

Provided, vu verthdess. That the powers therein directed to be exer-
cised by the director and any two chief physicians and surgeons of
the hospital shall, in the absence of the deputy director, be vested in
and exercised by the next officer in the Hospital Department for the
Southern arm}', and so on in succession, in conjunction with the two
next seniors.

March 27, 1781.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy purveyor of the hos-
pital for the southern army, and, the ballots being taken and counted,

Dr. Nathan Brownson was elected, he having been previously nomi-
nated by Mr. Adams.

April 18, 1781. "The Commander in Chief, considering the scarcity of hospital
stuns and the advanced season, thinks proper to order a discontinuance of inocula-
tion in the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.)

April 21, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized to remove from office or employment for incapacity, negli-
gence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior such persons not immediately
appointed by the United States in Congress assembled as are or may
be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expendi-
ture of the public supplies, stores, and other property, . . . and
such of the said persons as are or may be, in his judgment,' unnecessary,
reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office to whom it may
belong, to supply the vacancy, the respective names of the persons so
removed;

That he be authorized to suspend from office or emplo} T ment, for
similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid
immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled,
reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension:

Provided, That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or
may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he is
herein - , authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient
for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and
to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial,
and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest
accordingly;

That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from
the date thereof unless the persons suspended be upon trial acquitted
and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the
place, when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to
continue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed;

That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with
the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the
Army or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret
service by Congress, .or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or
commanding officer of a separate department;

That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con-
gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war.

394 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May 15, 1781.

Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the hospital depart-
ment for the southern army, and, the ballots being taken,

Dr. David Oliphant was elected deputy director;

Peter Fa} T ssoux, chief physician of the hospital;

James Brown, chief physician of the Army;

Robert Johnston and William Reed, hospital physicians, having been
previously nominated by Mr. Matthews.

* * *

Resolved, That all such officers of the medical department, appointed
under the directorship of Dr. Oliphant, as are now in captivity in
South Carolina and Georgia, and have the charge of the sick prisoners
in those States, be continued in their respective offices as heretofore,
and be considered as vested with the same power and entitled to the
same privileges and emoluments as they had and enjoyed before their
captivity, to extend no further than to the troops and hospitals within
the enemy's lines.

May 28, 1781.

Ordered, That the medical committee be discontinued, and that the
committee lodge with the board of war all the returns and papers in
their possession, and then be discharged; and that the business hereto-
fore entrusted to them and the powers with which they were invested
be transferred to the board.

May 31, 1781. " Lieut. William Eysandeau, of the 5th Massachusetts Regt., is
appointed until further orders to superintend the general military hospital."
{Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.)

June 11, 1781.

Resolved, That the officers of the hospital and medical department
now in service be allowed the depreciation upon their pa} T in the same
manner as officers of the line of the Army.

* * *

Resolved, That ... all letters to and from him [the director of
the hospital] be free.

June IS, 1781.

Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several
States, to which the officers of the hospital and medical department
now in service respectively belong, or of which they are or were
inhabitants, to settle the accounts of the said officers for depreciation
on the principles established by the resolution of Congress of the
10th of April, 1780, and to make provision for paying the balances
that may be found due. ...

July 10, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall
from time "to time appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all
necessary supplies for the use of the Army or armies of the United
States, . . . and also for the transportation thereof. . . .

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 395

September W, 17SL

Resolved, That the present vacancies of hospital physicians and sur-
geons be rilled up by the senior surgeons of the hospital lately deranged;
the. eldest hospital mates or regimental surgeons as shall be recom-
mended by the director and chief physician and surgeon to the Army,

That all future vacancies of hospital physicians and surgeons be tilled
by the eldest regimental surgeons and hospital mates, who shall be
reckoned of equal grades, who shall, upon examination, be' found
qualified, and obtain a certificate of recommendation from the director
and chief physician and surgeon of the Army, or of the deputy director
and chief physician in a separate department;

That the persons requisite to fill the higher grades in the hospital and
medical department be appointed from time to time by Congress
according to merit and abilities;

That all surgeons to regiments or corps not belonging to the line of
am T particular State be nominated by the director of the hospitals and
the chief physician and surgeon of the Army, subject to the approba-
tion of the Commander in Chief, and shall be equally entitled to promo-
tion to hospital physicians and surgeons with the regimental surgeons
of States lines.

On recommendation of the director appointed by the board of war,

Resolved, That Dr. Joseph Young, a deranged senior surgeon, and
Doctors Goodwin Wilson, Daniel Jenifer, Samuel Edmondson, and
George Campbell, eldest surgeon's mates, be promoted to the rank of
hospital physicians and surgeons to fill the vacancies occasioned by the
resignation of Doctors Bloomfield, Scott, Hagan, and Jackson, and the
promotion of Dr. Burnet.

On the recommendation of the deputy director, approved by the
board of war,

Resolved, That Doctors Thomas Tudor Tucker and Vickers be
appointed physicians and surgeons in the hospital for the southern
department;

That Daniel Smith be appointed assistant deputy purveyor and John
Carne assistant deputy apothecary in the southern department.

September m, 1781.

Ordered, That no appointment be made of mates to supply the places
of those promoted in the general hospital by the resolution of the 20th
instant until the further order of Congress.

Otfober 2, 1781. "Capt. Pike, of Col. Scammell's regt. of infantry, is appointed to
superintend the military hospital at Williamsburgh."

"The gentlemen in the Medical Dept. from South Carolina are desired to do duty
in the general hospital at Williamsburgh." {Orders, General Headquarters, before
York.)

October IS, 1781.

Resolved, That Dr. Johnson, a hospital physician and surgeon, be,
and ho is hereby, authorized to do the duty of deputy purveyor for
the military hospital in the Southern Department until the further
order of Congress.

396 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January 3, 1782.

Resolved, That for the more regular conducting the general hospital,
the offices of chief physician and surgeon of the Army, and of chief
hospital physician, be, and hereby are, abolished; and that the chief
physician and surgeon to the Army, eldest in appointment, be con-
tinued in service, under the title of physician, with the pay and emolu-
ments heretofore allowed to a chief hospital physician;

That the number of surgeons to all the military hospitals of the
United States be reduced so as not to exceed fifteen;

That the director have the general superintendence and direction of
all the military hospitals, and of practice both in camp and in hospitals;

That in the absence of the director, his duty devolve on the deput} r
director or physician, and in their absence on the hospital surgeon,
according to seniority;

That the director, or in his absence the senior medical officer, with
the approbation of the Commander in Chief or commanding general of
a separate army, be, and hereby is, authorized and empowered, as
often as may be judged necessary, to call a medical board, which shall
consist of the three senior medical officers then present; and it shall be
the duty of such board to appoint all hospital mates, to examine all
candidates for promotion in the hospital department, and recommend
to the Secretary at War such as they judge best qualified; and gener-
ally to take cognizance of, and give their opinion and advice on, every
matter relative to the department which may be submitted to them by
the Commander in Chief or commanding general of a separate army:
Provided always, That no regulation, plan, or order of the board shall
be valid and take effect until approved by the Commander in Chief or
commanding general of a separate army and issued in general orders.

That all returns heretofore ordered to be made by the director or
deputy director to the medical committee be made to the Secretary
at War.

That the stewards may, in the first instance, when the purveyor or
his assistant is at a distance, be appointed by the director or senior
medical officer, but shall be removable at pleasure and others substi-
tuted in their stead by the purveyor or his assistant. And although
in their purchases or issues they are to obey the orders of the pre-
scribing surgeons, yet for the faithful discharge of their duty they are
to be accountable to the purveyor, who shall in like manner be account-
able to the United States. Wherefore the said stewards shall keep
separate accounts of all they receive and of what they themselves pur-
chase, and shall render an account monthly of all the issues, with their
stock on hand, to the purveyor, who shall render the said accounts,
together with a particular account of the supplies furnished by him-
self or his assistants to each respective hospital, once every three
months to the superintendents of finance.

That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, empowered and
directed, on or before the first day of February next, and hereafter
from time to time, as the service may require, to arrange the depart-
ment agreeably to the foregoing resolutions, and to issue his orders
to such as he think proper to remain, pa} T ing a due regard in his first
arrangement to such of the chief physicians and surgeons as may
choose to continue in service in the rank of surgeons, and in his sub-
sequent arrangements to such of the senior officers as may choose to
remain in service.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 397

That such of the officers as shall not be called into service agreeably
to the foregoing resolution be considered as reduced by Congress, and
be entitled to the emoluments granted bv the act of Congress of the
17th of January, 1781.

That when by reason of vacancies or otherwise any officer hereafter
to be appointed in the hospital department, and whose appointment is
reserved to Congress, due regard be paid to the officers next in rank,
and that the appointment of hospital surgeons be from among the regi-
mental surgeons and hospital mates: Provided, That no regimental
surgeon shall be so appointed who shall not have submitted himself to
an examination by the medical board and obtain from them a certificate
that he is well qualified for the office of regimental surgeon, by which
certificate the regimental surgeon shall be considered as superior in
rank to an hospital mate, but not otherwise.

Resolved, That the director, deputy director, physician, surgeons,
and mates, as well hospital as regimental, receive their pay out of the
military chest at the same time and in the same manner as the arm} 7
with which they serve; the abstracts to be signed by the director,
deputy director, or physician, or in their absence by the senior hos
pital surgeon; and the warrants to issue in the same manner as for the
pay of the Army.

January 10, 178%.

Resolved, . . . ; the director, deputy director, or superintend-
ing surgeon of any hospital shall furnish them, -the Inspector-General,
or inspector of a separate army, with such returns as they may find
necessary for the better execution of their office.

* * *

Ordered, That the present purveyor of the hospital, who was lately
assistant deputy director of tne middle district, settle and certify the
pay and other allowance due to the officers of the late hospital depart-
ment, north of Potomac, up to the 4th day of October, 1780, the time
that a new choice of officers took place.

January 16, 178%.

Resolved, That in the settlement of the accounts of such officers of
the hospital and medical department as are entitled to an allowance
for depreciation by any resolutions of Congress, the establishment of
pay made upon the 8th day of April, 1777, be considered as specie.

AprU n, 1782.

U, sol 'rrd, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves
of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow-
ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled
to from the Quartermaster's Department, ... be, and they arc
hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each
officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . .
affixed to their several ranks, viz:

* * *

Director-general of the hospital 2 rat ions per day.

Chief physician and Burgeon 2 do.

Hospital surgeon 1 do.

mate 1 do.

steward 1 do.

ward master ,.,,,,,.,,, ,,..,,, 1 do,

398 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May 7, 1782.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is,
authorized to appoint an inspector for the Main and Southern Army,
to take care that the contracts for supplying rations be duh r executed
by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are
hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of
public property in the several departments of the Army, and report
any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public
property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the
party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges
exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither
the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their propeilY, be liable
to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the
Commander in Chief, or commander of the army +o which the inspect-
ors, respectively, shall be appointed, any resolution or act of Congress
heretofore made notwithstanding.

That the pay to each inspector be 16(>f dollars per month in full of
all allowances.

That each inspector when appointed shall take an oath for the faith-
ful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspector
of the contracts of the Army.

June 6', 1782.

Congress proceeded' to the election of a deputy purveyor for the
southern hospital; and, the ballots being taken,

Dr. N. Brownson was elected, having been previously nominated bv
Mr. Bland.

July 2$, 1782.

Resolved, That in conducting the business of the general hospital
there shall be an invariable standard of prices established, by which
the apothecary shall be charged with every article he shall issue. The
standard to be established by the medical board, or such person or
persons as they shall appoint, which shall only be considered as a cer-
tain ratio whereby to keep the accounts. But that in the settlement
of all accounts in that department all deficient articles, not issued or
returned, shall be accounted for at such real value as shall be estimated
by the medical board and approved of by the Secretary at War.

An account shall be taken as soon as possible of all the medicines,
instruments, and property in the apothecary's department belonging
to the public, in the hands of the apothecary, the deputies, assistants,
and mates, the surgeons of the hospitals, and surgeons of regiments,
for which they shall severally be charged at the standard value ascer-
tained by the board, as aforesaid, and for all they may hereafter receive,
but to account for deficiencies at the real value, to be estimated as
aforesaid.

The apothecary shall be accountable for all articles in his department
to the purveyor throughout the States until they come into trie hands
of the prescribers. And all deputies, assistants, and mates shall make
returns and be accountable to the apothecary for the medicines, instru-
ments, and other property belonging to the public in the department
now in their hands, and of such as they may hereafter be possessed of.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 399

The apothecary shall make up his accounts at the expiration of every
year, and settle them as soon after as possible, and before the expira-
tion of six months. He shall, at the same time, make out two returns
for the director of the hospital, one specifying what has been received
and issued and the amount of what remains on hand, the other exhibit-
ing a particular amount of the value of the medicines and other public
property each prescriber has received within the year.

All losses which ma}^ happen by the events of war, and other cir-
cumstances unavoidable, shall be borne by the public. In cases of
losses by fraud or neglect in any deputy, assistant, or mate, the apothe-
cary shall not be accountable for such losses, provided the delinquent
be convicted thereof before a court-martial appointed to try the same.

The hospital prescribers shall be supplied, upon their own applica-
tion, with medicines and instruments necessary for the sick and
wounded under their care.

Every regimental surgeon shall receive yearly from the apothecary
a supply of medicines to such amount, b}^ the above standard, as the
medical board shall judge necessary.

Eveiy prescribing surgeon or physician, either in hospital or with
the Army, shall be supplied by the apothecary with such a set of capi-
tal instruments as the medical board shall judge necessary, and shall
be accountable for all losses in medicines and instruments not arising
from the events of war and other circumstances unavoidable. Dupli-
cates of all returns made by the apothecary to the director shall be
lodged in the Avar office.

Resolved, That in the Army of the United States, excepting the
southern arnw, at present under the command of Major-General
( i reene, the offices of assistant purveyor and assistant apothecary, and
the storekeepers under the purveyor and apothecary, except one store-
keeper under the purveyor to keep a store near the army, and all the
clerks, except two to the purveyor, shall hereafter be discontinued.

That all surgeons of the hospital shall take rank after the director
of the hospital, deputy director, and physician to the Army, in the
following order, viz: Those surgeons of the hospital who have been
either deputy director, physician-general, surgeon-general, chief phy-
sician, or chief surgeon to the hospital or Army shall take rank next
to the above-mentioned officers, and their relative rank to each other
shall be according to the dates of their respective appointments to
either of the above offices.

That all such as were regimental surgeons when appointed senior
physician or surgeon to the hospital shall take rank with such senior
physicians and surgeons agreeably to the date of their first appoint-
ment, whether to the regiment or hospital.

All surgeons the date of whose first appointments either to regi-
ments <r hospitals shall have been on the same day shall decide their
rank by lot.

That for the more convenient subsistence of the officers of the hospi-
tal department the} r be allowed, including their former allowance of
rations and forage, as follows:

The director of the hospital, tour rations a day for himself and serv-
ant s, forage for two horses, and 25 dollars per month subsistence.

The deputy director and physician, each three rations Q day for him-
self and servants, forage for two horses, and 20 dollars per month
subsistence.

400 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Hospital surgeons, each two rations per day for himself and servants,
forage for two horses, and 15 dollars per month subsistence.

Deputy purveyor and deputy apothecary, each one ration per day,
forage for one horse, and 10 dollars per month subsistence.

Hospital mates, each one ration per day and 5 dollars per month
subsistence.

Stewards, each one ration per day and 5 dollars per month sub-
sistence.

Ward masters, each one ration per daj T and 3 dollars per month
subsistence.

That the above allowance of rations, forage, and subsistence to the
officers of the hospital department, over and above what they were
severally entitled to at the time of passing this act, shall be charged to
them respectively as advances in part of their monthly pay.

That in future the pay and allowance of the purveyor and apothecary
be the same each as that of a hospital surgeon.

That none of the aforesaid officers, or other persons employed in
any of the hospitals, be entitled to rations, forage, or subsistence when
on furlough.

That the regulations respecting officers' servants, contained in the
act of Congress of the 11th of March, 1780, shall not be construed to
extend to the hospital department.

November 12, 1782. "Lt. Crook, of the 10th Massachusetts regt., is appointed to
superintend the hospital at New Windsor, vice the captain ordered for that duty the
10th instant." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

December 3, 1782.

Resolved, That after the fore-mentioned period [the last day of
December inst.], in lieu of the pay and rations allowed to officers of
the hospital department, including rations for servants, they shall be
entitled to the following monthly pa}^ and subsistence; provided . . .
that when the said subsistence money shall not be paid, they shall be
entitled to draw an equivalent number of rations at the rate of four
dollars for each ration per month, viz:

The director, 102 dollars pay and 60 dollars subsistence.

The deputy director and physician, each 100 dollars pay and 48 dol-
lars subsistence.

The surgeons, each 90 dollars pay and 40 dollars subsistence.

Apothecary and purveyor, each 92 dollars pay and 32 dollars sub-
sistence.

Deputy apothecary and deputy purve}*or, each 59 dollars pay and 16
dollars subsistence.

Mates, each 42 dollars pay and 12 dollars subsistence.

Stewards, each 31 dollars pay and 8 dollars subsistence.

Ward masters, each 21 dollars pay and 8 dollars subsistence.

April 17, 1783.

Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of . . .
all such articles in the several military departments as may not be
necessary for the use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for
the formation of magazines on a peace establishment.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 401

May 16, 1783.

Resolved^ That the commutation in lieu of half pay ... to the
officers of the medical department and medical staff shall be calculated
by what thev are respectively entitled to, agreeably to the resolutions
of the 17th of January and 8th of May, 1781.

October 31, 1783. Congress reported that Doctors Til ton, Otto (Bodo), Fredk. Otto,
and Martin, of the hospital department, had accepted the commutation of 5 years'
pay in lieu of half pay for life.

January 24, 1784-

Resolved^ That the principals in the several departments of . . .
the hospital be, and they are hereby, ordered to transmit, as soon as
may be, to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, exact returns of
all the stores in their respective departments, specifying the quantity
and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in
what manner secured.

September 6, 1785.

Ordered^ That the Secretary at War, as soon as may be, cause to be
made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all . . .
public stores, or property of every description, the custody of which
is charged on the War Department; distinguishing the quantity or
number, quality, and kind of each, and the several places of their
deposits; and that he transmit a like return on the first Monday in
January and the first Monday in July annually.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of April 30, 1790 (1 Stats., 119).

AN ACT for regulating the military establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 5. That the troops aforesaid shall receive for their services
the following en umerated monthly rates of pay: . . . Surgeons,
thirty dollars; surgeons' mates, twenty-four dollars; , . .

* * *

Sec. 7. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall receive for
their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions,
to wit: ... A surgeon, three; a surgeon's mate, two; . . .

Act of March 3, 1791 (1 Stats., 222).

AN ACT foi raising and adding another regiment to the military establishment of
the United States, and for making further provision for the protection of the
frontiers.

* * *

Sec. 13. That in case the nature of the service upon which the troops
of the United States may be employed should require a greater num-
ber of surgeons' mates than are provided for in the before-mentioned
act (April 30, 1790), the President of the United States may engage
from time to time such additional number of surgeons' mates as Be
shall judge necessary.

* *

S. Doc. 229 26

402 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stats., 21+1).

AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision for the protection of the
frontiers of the United States.

Sec. 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers
shall be, in future, as follows, free of all deductions, to wit:
General staff . . . Surgeon, seventy dollars . . .

Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279).

AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments.

* ft ft

Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army
with ... all other supplies or articles for the use of the Depart-
ment of War be made by or under the direction of the Treasury

Department.

* * *

Act of February 23, 1795 (1 Stats., 19).

AN ACT to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies. 1

Sec. 1. That there shall be in the Department of the Treasury an
officer to be denominated "purveyor of public supplies," whose duty
it shall be, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the
Treasury, to conduct the procuring and providing of . . . all arti-
cles of supply requisite for the service of the United States, . . .

Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stats., 430).

AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United
States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject.

Sec. 10. That the monthly pay of the officers, noncommissioned
officers, musicians, and privates on the military establishment of the
United States be as follows, to wit:

General staff . . . Surgeon, $70 . . .

Sec. 11. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provisions, to wit: . . . ; a surgeon, as well hospital as regi-
mental, three rations; a surgeon's mate, two rations; . . .

Sec. 12. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever for-
age shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the fol-
lowing-enumerated sums per month instead thereof, to wit: . . .
Surgeon-General, . . . twelve dollars; . . . surgeon, . . .
ten dollars; . . . surgeon's mate, . . . six dollars; . . .

Abolished, after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 403

Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558.)

AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army.

* * *

Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge the employment of
a . . . physician-general, . . . essential to the public inter-
est, he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, to appoint the same accordingly, who shall be entitled to the
rank, pa} T , and emoluments which follow, viz, . . . physician-
general . . . the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel:
JProvided, That in case the President shall judge it expedient to appoint
a . . . physician-general ... in the recess of the Senate,
he is hereby authorized to make any or all of said appointments, and
grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the next
session of the Senate thereafter.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the . . . physician-general . . . who may be
appointed by virtue of this act, shall . . . continue in commission
during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for the
public service. . . .

Sec. 10. That no commission or staff officer, who shall be appointed
by virtue of this act, shall be entitled to receive pay and emoluments
until he shall be called in actual service, nor for any longer time than
he shall continue therein. . . .

Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 610).

AN ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of
the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the military . . . service of the United States shall be made by
or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War,
. . . and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore-
said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the
proper department for which such supplies or services are required,
subject nevertheless to the inspection and revision of the officers of the
Treasury in manner before prescribed.

Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the purveyor of public supplies
to execute all such orders as he may, from time to time, receive from
the Secretary of War . . . relative to the procuring and provid-
ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts
relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which
accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers
of the Treasury as aforesaid.

Sec. 6. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of
May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, intituled "'An act
making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the
act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-five, intituled "An act to establish the office of
purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the
provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed.

404 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made, by virtue of this act, or of any
law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to be
in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall
be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the
United States within ninety days after their dates, respectively.

Act of March , 1799 (1 Stats., 721).
AN ACT to regulate the medical establishment.

Sec. 1. That in the medical establishment of the United States there
shall be the following officers: A physician-general, who shall be charged
with the superintendence and direction of all military hospitals, and,
generally, of all medical and chirurgical practice or service concerning
the Army or Navy of the United States, and of all persons who shall be
employed in and about the same, in camps, garrisons, and hospitals.
An apothecary -general, and one or more deputies, who shall be charged
with the safe-keeping and delivery of all medicines, instruments, dress-
ings, and other articles for the use of the hospital and Army. A pur-
veyor, who shall be charged with providing medicines, stores, and
whatsoever else may be necessary in relation to the said practice or
service. A competent number of hospital surgeons, who shall be liable
to serve in the field, and who shall have the immediate charge and
direction of such military hospitals as may be committed to their care,
respectively. A suitable number of hospital mates, who are to observe
the directions of the hospital surgeons and shall diligently perform all
reasonable duties required of them for the recovery of the sick and
wounded.

Sec. 2. That each military hospital shall have a steward, with a
competent number of nurses and other attendants; which steward shall
be charged with the procuring of such supplies as may not otherwise
be furnished and with the safe-keeping and issuing of all supplies.

Sec. 3. That the said physician-general, hospital surgeons, purveyor,
and apothecary and apothecaries, deputy or deputies, shall be appointed
as other officers of the United States; that the said mates and stewards
shall be appointed by the authority and at the direction of the said
physician-general, subject to the eventual approbation and control of
the President of the United States, and snail be removable by the
authority of the said physician-general; and that the surgeon of each
hospital shall appoint, employ, and fix the compensation of the nurses
and other attendants of such hospital, subject to the control of the said
physician-general, or the hospital surgeon of senior appointment, with
a separate army, or in a separate district.

Sec. 4. That as often as the regimental sick will not suffer by the
employing of the regimental surgeons or mates in the temporary or
other hospitals of the United States, the physician-general, or the hos-
pital surgeon, or senior appointment, with a separate army, or in a
separate district, with the consent of the general and Commander in
Chief, or the officer commanding a separate army may require the
attendance of such surgeons, or surgeon's mates, as, in his opinion,
can be with safety so withdrawn from their regiments.

Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the physician-general, with two
or more hospital surgeons, to frame a system of directions relative to

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 405

the description of patients to be admitted into the hospitals; to the
means of promoting cleanliness in the hospitals; to the prevention of
idleness, skulking, and gambling in the hospitals; to the prevention
of the spread of infectious distempers in the camps and hospitals, and
the government of nurses and all others charged with the care of the
sick in camps and hospital, subject, in the first instance, to the appro-
bation and revision of the Commander in Chief, the commander of a
separate army, or in a separate district, as the case ma} 7 be, and, eventu-
ally, to the approbation and control of the President of the United
States: Provided always, That the said directions, having received the
sanction of the Commander in Chief, or the commander of a separate
army, shall be operative, and remain in full force, unless altered or
annulled by the President of the United States.

Sec. 6. That the compensations of the said several officers shall be
as follows: Of the physician-general, one hundred dollars pay per
month, and fifty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation
for forage, rations, and travelling expenses; of the purveyor, one
hundred dollars pay per month in full compensation for his services,
and all expenses; of the apothecary-general, eighty dollars pay per
month, and thirty dollars per month in full compensation for forage,
rations, and all expenses; of each of his deputies, fifty dollars pay per
month, and sixteen dollars per month in full compensation for forage,
rations, and all expenses; of each hospital surgeon, eighty dollars pay
per month, and forty dollars per month in full compensation for
forage, rations, and all expenses; of each mate, thirty dollars pay per
month, and twenty dollars per month in full compensation for forage,
rations, and all expenses; of each steward, twenty -five dollars pay per
month, and eight dollars per month in full compensation for forage,
rations, and all expenses: Provided, That none of the officers aforesaid
shall be entitled to any part of the pay or emoluments aforesaid until
they shall, respectively, be called into actual service.

Sec. 7. That, for the accommodation of the sick of the Army and
Navy of the United States, the physician-general and the hospital
surgeon of senior appointment, with the approbation of the general
commanding the army within the district where he shall be, shall have
the power to provide temporary hospitals; and the physician-general,
with the approbation of the President of the United States, shall have
power to provide and establish permanent hospitals.

Sec. 8. That all the said officers and others shall, as touching their
several offices and duties, be liable to the rules and regulations for the
government and discipline of the Army ; and shall be bound to obey,
in conformity with law and the usages and customs of armies, the orders
and directions of the chief military officers of the respective armies,
and within the respective districts in which they shall respectively serve
and be.

Sec. 9. That the physician-general, or, in his absence, the senior
medical officer, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief or
commanding officer of a separate army, be, and hereby is, authorized
and empowered, as often as may be judged necessary, to call a medical
board, which shall consist of the three senior medical officers then pres-
ent, whose duty it shall be to examine all candidates for employment or
promotion in the hospital department, and to certify to the Secretary
of War the qualifications of each.

406 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749).

AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* . * *

Sec. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause to
be provided in each and every year all . . . medicines and hospital
stores necessary for the troops and armies of the United States for the
succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases and enter or
cause to be entered into all necessary contracts and obligations for
effecting the same.

* X- *

. Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).

AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

* ::

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . two surgeons, twenty-five
surgeon's mates, to be attached to the garrisons or posts, and not to
corps.

Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as fol-
lows, to wit: ... to each surgeon, forty-five dollars; to each
surgeon's mate, thirty dollars. . . .

Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provisions: ... a surgeon, three rations; a surgeon's mate,
two rations ... or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the
said officers ... at the posts, respectively, where the rations
shall become due; and if at such post supplies are not furnished by
contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having
reference to former contracts and the position of the place in question ;
. . . to such matrons and nurses as may be necessarily employed
in the hospital, one ration each. . . .

* *

Sec. 7. That the following officers shall, whenever forage is not
furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the following sums per
month in lieu thereof: . . . each surgeon, ten dollars; and each
surgeon's mate, six dollars.

Act of March 26, 180 % (2 Stats., 290).

AN ACT in addition to "An act for fixing the military peace establishment in the

United States."

That there shall be appointed, in addition to the surgeon's mates
provided for by the "Act fixing the military peace establishment of
the United States," as many surgeon's mates, not exceeding six, as the
President of the United States may judge necessary, to be attached to
garrisons or posts, agreeably to the provisions of the said act.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 407

Act of April 12, 1808 (2 Stats., Ifil).

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force.

* * *

Sec. 3. That when, in the opinion of the President of the United
States, a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall
be raised, there may be appointed . . . such number of hospital
surgeons and surgeon's mates as the service may require, but not
exceeding five surgeons and fifteen mates, with one steward and one
ward master to each hospital. . . .

Sec. 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . noncommis-
sioned officers . . . authorized by this act shall be, viz: . . .
each hospital surgeon, seventy -five dollars per month, six rations per
day, or an equivalent in money, twelve dollars per month for forage,
when not furnished as aforesaid; each hospital surgeon's mate, forty
dollars per month, two rations per day, or an equivalent in money,
and six dollars per month for forage, when not furnished as aforesaid;
each hospital steward, twenty dollars per month, and two rations per
day, or an equivalent in money; each ward master, sixteen dollars per
month, and two rations per day, or an equivalent in money; . . .
Provided, The officers . . . furnish their own horses and accou-
trements, and actually keep in service the aforesaid number of horses
to entitle them to the aforegoing allowance for forage, or its equivlent
in money. . . .

* * *

Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United
States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other
than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act; which
appointment shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for
their advice and consent.

Sec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue
of this act shall be a citizen of the United States, or some one of the
Territories thereof.

Act of Janua?y 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.

* * *

Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . such number of
hospital surgeons and mates as the service may require, with one stew-
ard to each hospital.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 816).

AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States,
and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same.

Sec. 2. [That the superintendent-general of military supplies shall]
prescribe the forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and
supplies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered
by . . . the hospital surgeons and other officers belonging to the
Hospital and Medica( Departments. . . .

408 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 3. That . . . the principal hospital surgeons and officers
belonging to the Hospital and Medical Departments . . . shall
render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of all such stores
and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid, and shall also make such
other returns respecting the same, and at such other times as the Sec-
retary for the War Department may prescribe: Provided, however, That
the accounts and returns thus rendered shall relate to the articles of
supply only, which may have been received and disposed of, or as may
remain on hand, and shall not embrace the specie accounts for monies
disbursed by such officers, . . . which specie accounts shall be
rendered as heretofore to the accountant for the War Department.

Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in advance
from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the
accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis-
bursements, and shall moreover make such other monthly summary
statements thereof to the Secretary of the said Department as he may
prescribe. . . .

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 819).

AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United

States.

* * *

Sec. 7. That for the better superintendence and management of the
hospital and medical establishment of the Army of the United States,
there shall be a physician and surgeon general, with an annual salary
of two thousand five hundred dollars, and an apothecary-general with
an annual salary of eighteen hundred dollars, whose respective duties
and powers shall be prescribed by the President of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . phy-
sician and surgeon general and apothecary-general which relate to
their official duties shall be free from postage.

Act of March 30, 181 J,. (3 Stats., 113).

AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United

States.

* * *

Sec. 9. That from and after the first day of June next, the officers
of the Army shall be entitled to waiters agreeable to grade, as follows:
. . . hospital surgeon, each one. . . .

* * *

Sec. 11. That the President of the United States be authorized to
appoint so many assistant apothecaries as the service may, in his judg-
ment, require, each of whom shall receive the same pay and emolu-
ments as a regimental surgeon's mate.

* * *

Sec. 18. That the physician and the surgeon-general of the Army be
entitled to two rations per day and forage for two horses. . . .

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 409

Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., &&).
AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . such number of hospital sur-
geons and surgeon's mates as the service may require, not exceeding
five surgeons and fifteen mates, with one steward and one ward master

to each hospital.

* * *

May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged

{>roper that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically made
>y the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority
given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, without material
injury to the service; and that the following shall be the

GENERAL STAFF.

* * *

An apothecary -general and two assistant apothecaries, to be provisionally retained.

Five hospital surgeons.

Fifteen hospital surgeon's mates.

Two garrison surgeon's, to be provisionally retained.

Ten garrison surgeon's mates, to be provisionally retained.

* * *

(General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.)

Act of April U, 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army

of the United States.

That . . . the apothecary-general, as heretofore authorized, be
allowed two assistant apothecaries.

Sec. 2. That the medical staff shall be so extended that there shall
be four hospital surgeons and eight hospital surgeon's mates to each
division, with as many post surgeons as the service may require, not
exceeding twelve to each division, who shall receive the same pay and
emoluments as hospital surgeon's mates. . . .

Act of March 18, 1818 (3 Stats., 4,10).

AN ACT to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the
United States, in the Revolutionary war.

That ... all officers in the hospital department and medical
staff who served in the war of the Revolution until the end thereof,
or for the term of nine months, or longer, at any period of the war,
in the continental establishment . . . who is yet a resident citizen
of the United States, and who is, or hereafter, by reason of his reduced
circumstances in life, shall be, in need of assistance from his country
for support, and shall have substantiated his claim to a pension in the
manner hereinafter directed, shall receive a pension from the United
States; if an officer, of twenty dollars per month during life; . . .
Provided, No person shall be entitled to the provisions of this act
until he shall have relinquished his claim to every pension heretofore
allowed him by the laws of the United States.

410 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 4.26).
AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army.

That so much of the act "fixing the military peace establishment
of the United States," passed the third of March, one thousand eight
hundred and fifteen, as relates to hospital stewards and ward masters,
and so much of the "Act for organizing the general staff, and making
further provision for the Army of the United States," passed April
twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, as relates to
hospital surgeons, hospital surgeons' mates, . . . be, and the same
is hereby, repealed.

Sec. 2. That there shall be one Surgeon- General, with a salary of two
thousand five hundred dollars per annum, one assistant surgeon-
general, with the emoluments of a hospital surgeon, . . . and that
the number of post surgeons be increased, not to exceed eight to each

division.

* * *

May 1, 1820 (3-567). Section 5 of this act authorizes the President to direct a
, portion of the money appropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's,
Subsistence, and Medical departments to be applied to any other of the above-
mentioned branches of expenditure.

Act of May 8, 1820 (3 Stats., 570).
AN ACT further to regulate the Medical Department of the Army.

That the apothecary -general and assistant apothecaries-general shall
severally give bonds to the United States, with good and sufficient
security, for the faithful performance of their duties, in such sums as
shall be required by the Surgeon-General of the Army, under the
direction of the War Department.

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the Medical Department shall consist of one Surgeon-
General, eight surgeons, with the compensation of regimental sur-
geons, and forty-five assistant surgeons, with the compensation of post
surgeons.

Act of March 3, 1825 (4 Stats., 127).
AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stores, or . . . med-
ical supplies, which, upon proper inspection or survey, shall appear to
be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever,
in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous
to the public service.

Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of unserviceable stores shall
be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the
Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall
be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the
Secretary of War.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 411

Act of June 28, 1832 {4 Stats., 550).

AN ACT to increase the number of surgeons and assistant surgeons in the Army of

the United States.

That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint four additional surgeons
and ten additional surgeons' mates in the Army of the United States.

Act of June 30, 1834. (4 Stats., 714).

AN ACT to increase and regulate the pay of the surgeons and assistant surgeons of

the Army.

That from and after the passing of this act no person shall receive
the appointment of assistant surgeon in the Army of the United States
unless he shall have been examined and approved by an army medical
board, to consist of not less than three surgeons or assistant surgeons,
who shall be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of War;
and no person shall receive the appointment of surgeon in the Army
of the United States unless he shall have served at least five years as
an assistant surgeon, and unless also he shall have been examined by
an army medical board, constituted as aforesaid.

Sec. 2. That the surgeons in the Army of the United States shall
be entitled to receive the pay and emoluments of a major; and the
assistant surgeons who ^hall have served five years shall be entitled to
receive the pay and emoluments of a captain; and those who shall
have served less than five years, the pay and emoluments of a first
lieutenant, and that the said assistant surgeons shall be entitled to
receive the same allowance for forage as they are at present entitled to.

Sec. 3. That every surgeon and assistant surgeon who shall have
served faithfully ten years in these grades, respectively, shall be
entitled to receive an increase of rations per day equal to the number
of rations to which he may be entitled under this act.

Act of July 4, 1836 (5 Stats., 117).

AN ACT authorizing the appointment of additional paymasters, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby
is, authorized and empowered to appoint three additional surgeons
and five assistant surgeons, to be attached to the medical staff of the
Army.

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and

for other purposes.
* *

Sec. 12. That the stewards of hospitals at posts of more than four
companies be hereafter allowed the pay, clothing, and rations of a
sergeant of ordnance, and at all other posts the pay, clothing, and
rations of the first sergeant of a company of infantry.

412 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 15. That every commissioned officer of the . . . staff,
exclusive of general officers, shall be entitled to receive one additional
ration per diem for every five years he may have served or shall serve
in the Army of the United States. . . .

* * *

Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business, to and
from . . . the Surgeon-General . . . shall be free from postage.

* * *

Sec. 24. That hereafter the officers of the . . . Medical Depart-
ment of the Army shall receive the pay and emoluments of officers of
cavalry of the same grades, respectively, according to which they are
now paid by existing laws.

* * *

Sec. 33. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint seven addi-
tional surgeons; and that the officers whose appointment is authorized
in this section shall receive the pay and allowances of officers of the
same grades, respectively.

Act of July 7, 1838 {5 Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth,
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:

* * *

Ninth. That the said act shall be so construed as to allow the > . .
Surgeon-General of the Army the additional rations therein granted
to officers of the line and staff for every five years' service.

Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512).

AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That within one month after the passage of this act the
offices of . . ., two surgeons, and ten assistant surgeons of the
Army shall be abolished, and that number of . . . surgeons and
assistant surgeons shall be discharged by the President, and they shall
be allowed three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments
to which they may be entitled at the time of their discharge.

Act of June 18, 181,6 (9 Stats., 17).

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of
the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for
other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service
of the United States in such numbers that the officers of the . . .
medical departments authorized by law be not sufficient to . . .
furnishing them with the requisite medical attention, it shall be lawful

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 413

for the President to appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate,
as many additional officers of said departments as the service may
require, not exceeding . . . one surgeon and one assistant surgeon
for each regiment; . . . the said surgeons and assistant surgeons
to perform such duties as the President shall direct: Provided, That
the said officers shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are
now allowed to officers of the same descriptions and grades in those
departments, respectively; that they be subject to the rules and arti-
cles of war, and continue in service only so long as their services shall
be required in connection with the militia or volunteers.

Act of February 11, 184,7 (9 Stats., 123).

AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force, and for other

purposes.

* * ' *

Sec. 8. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint two additional
surgeons, and twelve additional assistant surgeons in the Regular Army
of the United States, subject to the provisions of an act entitled "An
act to increase and regulate the pay of the surgeons and assistant sur-
geons of the Army," approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and
thirty-four; and that the officers whose appointment is authorized by
this section shall receive the pay and allowances of officers of the same
grades, respectively; and that the rank of the officers of the Medical
Department of the Army shall be arranged upon the same basis which
at present determines the amount of their pay and emoluments: Pro-
vided, That the medical officers shall not, in virtue of such rank, be
entitled to command in the line or other staff departments of the Army.

* * *

./"/// 10, 1848 (9-246). Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted
men in the several corps of the Army.

Act of July 19, 1848 (9 Stats., 247).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An
act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States
and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 3. That so much of said act passed on the eleventh of February,
one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge
at the close of the war with Mexico of two additional surgeons and
twelve additional assistant surgeons, as authorized by the eighth sec-
tion of said act, ... be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Pro-
vided, That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall
be filled up until further authorized by law. . . .

Act of March 2, 1849 (9 Stats., 351).

AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff and for an additional number
of chaplains of the Army of the United States.

That so much of section third of an act entitled "An act to amend
an act entitled 'An act supplemental to an act entitled an act providing
for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and

414 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the Republic of Mexico, and for other purposes,'" approved July
nineteenth, eighteen hundred and forty-eight, as prevents the filling of
vacancies in the Medical Department of the Army, until further
authorized by law, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Sec. 2. That the medical staff of the Army be increased by the
addition of ten assistant surgeons, to be appointed as provided by
existing laws and the regulations made under them.

* * *

September 28, 1850 (9-504). Moneys received from the sale of military stores and
other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain
moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction.

Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595).

AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis-
abled soldiers of the Army of the United States.

* -x- -x-

That . . . the Surgeon-General . . . shall be ex officio
commissioners of the same, . . .

* * *

Act of August 16, 1856 (11 Stats., 51).

AN ACT providing for a necessary increase and better organization of the Medical
and Hospital Department of the Army.

That there be added to the Medical Department of the Army four
surgeons and eight assistant surgeons, to be appointed in accordance
with the existing laws.

Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized
to appoint, from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted,
as many competent hospital stewards as the service may require, not
to exceed one for each military post, and said hospital stewards to be
mustered and paid on hospital muster rolls as noncommissioned staff
officers, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a sergeant of ordnance,
and to be permanently attached to the Medical and Hospital Depart-
ment, under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary
of War.

Act of June 21, 1860 (12 Stats., 64).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
thirtieth June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.

Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Medical Corps of the Arm}'
four surgeons and four assistant surgeons, to be appointed in accord-
ance with the existing laws.

1 Section 3 allows extra pay to soldiers acting as cooks and nurses in hospitals.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 415

Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91).

AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses

of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and

sixtv-one.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in
an} r of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv-
ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising,
a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When
immediate delivery or performance is required by tne public exigency,
the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or
contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are
usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals.
No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be
authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfill-
ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist-
ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall
not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms nor military
supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be pur-
chased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention,
unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation
therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention.

Act of Fehruai-y 21, 1861 (12 Stats., 11,7).

AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth
of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled, "An act making
appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of
the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen
hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty, be and the same is hereby repealed, except so far as
the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which
the said section shall still be in force.

Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stats., 2U).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

* * *

416 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which
such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged
between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made
unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation
adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments,
for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation,
which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year.
And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropria-
tions for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Gov-
ernment for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-thirdj of June,
eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby,
repealed.

Act of July 22, 1861 {12 Stats., 268).

AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and
protecting public property

Sec. 3. . . . Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one
surgeon. . . . '

Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287.)
AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.

Sec. 2. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to
appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in addition
to the number authorized by existing laws and in accordance with
existing regulations, . . . ten surgeons and twenty assistant sur-
geons, to have the pay, rank, and allowances, and perform the duties
of similar officers in the present military establishment. . . .
* *

Sec. 5. That there be added to the medical staff of the Army a corps
of medical cadets, whose duty it shall be to act as dressers in the gen-
eral hospitals, and as ambulance attendants in the field, under the
direction and control of the medical officers alone. They shall have the
same rank and pay as the military cadets at West Point. Their num-
ber shall be regulated by the exigencies of the service, at no time to
exceed fifty. It shall be composed of young men of liberal education,
students of medicine, between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three,
who have been reading medicine for two years, and have attended at
least one course of lectures in a medical college. They shall enlist for
one year, and be subject to the rules and articles of war. On the
fifteenth day of the last month of their service the near approach of
their discharge shall be reported to the Surgeon-General, in order, if
desired, that they may be relieved by another detail of applicants.

Sec. 6. That in general or permanent hospitals female nurses may
be substituted for soldiers when, in the opinion of the Surgeon-General
or medical officer in charge, it is expedient to do so; the number of
female nurses to be indicated by the Surgeon-General or surgeon in
charge of the hospital. The nurses so employed to receive forty cents

THE MEDICAL DEPAKTMENT. 417

a day and one ration in kind, or by commutation, in lieu of all emolu-
ments except transportation in kind.

* * *

Sec. 14. That there may be allowed in hospitals, to be provided under
such rules as the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval of
the Secretary of War, may prescribe such quantities of f resn or pre-
served fruits, milk or butter, and of eggs as may be necessary for the
proper diet of the sick.

Act of April 16, 1862 {12 Stats., 378).

AN ACT to reorganize and increase the efficiency of the Medical Department of

the Army.

That there shall be added to the present Medical Corps of the Army
ten surgeons and ten assistant surgeons, to be promoted and appointed
under existing laws; twenty medical cadets, and as many hospital
stewards as the Surgeon-General may consider necessary for the public
service; and that their pay and that of all hospital stewards in the
volunteer as well as the regular service shall be thirty dollars per
month, to be computed from the passage of this act. And all med-
ical cadets in the service shall, in addition to their pay, receive one
ration per day, either in kind or commutation.

Sec. 2. That the Surgeon-General to be appointed under this act
shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general.
There shall be one assistant surgeon-general and one medical inspector-
general of hospitals, each with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a
colonel of cavalry; and the medical inspector-general shall have, under
the direction of the Surgeon-General, the supervision of all that
relates to the sanitary condition of the Army, whether in transports,
quarters, or camps, and of the hygiene, police, discipline, and effi-
ciency of field and general hospitals, under such regulations as may
hereafter be established.

Sec. 3. That there shall be eight medical inspectors with the ranks,
pay, and emoluments each of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and who
shall be charged with the duty of inspecting the sanitary condition of
transports, quarters, and camps, of field and general hospitals, and
who shall report to the medical inspector-general, under such regula-
tions as may be hereafter established, all circumstances relating to the
sanitary condition and wants of the troops and of the hospitals, and
to the skill, efficiency, and good conduct of the officers and attendants
connected with the Medical Department.

Sec. 4. That the Surgeon-General, the assistant surgeon-general,
medical inspector-general, and medical inspector shall, immediately
after the passage of this act, be appointed by the President, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, by selection from the Med-
ical Corps of the Army, or from the surgeons in the volunteer service,
without regard to their rank when so selected, but with sole regard to
qualifications.

Sec. 5. That the medical purveyors shall be charged, under the
direction of the Surgeon-General, with the selection and purchase of
all medical supplies, including new standard preparations, and of all
books, instruments, hospital stores, furniture, and other articles

S. Doc. 229 27

418 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

required for the sick and wounded of the Army. In all cases of emer-
gency thej r may provide such additional accommodations for the sick
and wouncled of the Arnry , and may transport such medical supplies
'as circumstances may render necessary, under such regulations as may
hereafter be established, and shall make prompt and immediate issues
upon all special requisitions made upon them under such circumstances
by medical officers; and the special requisitions shall consist simply of
a list of the articles required, the qualities required, dated and signed
b}' the medical officers requiring them.

Sec. 6. That whenever the Inspector-General or any one of the
medical inspectors shall report an officer of the Medical Corps as dis-
qualified, by age or otherwise, for promotion to a higher grade, or
unfitted for the performance of his professional duties, he shall be
reported by the Surgeon-General for examination to a medical board,
as provided by the seventeenth section of the act approved August
third, eighteen hundred and sixty-one.

Sec. 7. That the provisions of this act shall continue and be in force
during the existence of the present rebellion and no longer: Provided,
however, That when this act shall expire all officers who shall have
been promoted from the medical staff of the Army under this act shall
retain their respective rank in the Army with such promotion as they
would have been entitled to.

Act of May U, 1862 (12 Stats., 385).

AN ACT to facilitate ,the discharge of enlisted men for physical disability.

That the medical Inspector-General or any medical inspector is
hereby authorized and empowered to discharge from the service of
the United States any soldier, or enlisted man, with the consent of such
soldier or enlisted man, in the permanent hospitals, laboring under
any physical disability which makes it disadvantageous to the service
that he be retained therein, and the certificate in writing of such
Inspector-General or medical inspector, setting forth the existence
and nature of such physical disabilfty, shall be sufficient evidence of
such discharge: Provided, however, That every such certificate shall
appear on its face to have been founded on personal inspection of the
soldier so discharged, and shall specifically describe the nature and
origin of such disability ; . . . and report the same to the Adju-
tant-General and the Surgeon-General.

Act of May 20, 1862 l (12 Stats., 403).

AN ACT to authorize the appointment of medical storekeepers and chaplains of

hospitals.

That the Secretary of War be authorized to add to the Medical
Department of the Arm}- medical storekeepers, not exceeding six in
number, who shall have the pay and emoluments of military store-
keepers in the Quartermaster's Department, who shall be skilled apoth-
ecaries or druggists, who shall give the bond and security required by
existing laws for military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, and who shall be stationed at such points as the necessities of

1 Section 2 authorizes the appointment of a chaplain to each permanent hospital,
whose pay shall be the same as that of a regimental chaplain.

THE MEDICAL DEPAKTMENT. 419

the Army may require: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall

remain in force only during 1 the continuance of the present rebellion.

* * *

June 2, 1S62 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to
make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts,
affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

Act of July 0, 1862 (12 Stats., 502).
AN ACT to provide for additional medical officers of the volunteer service.

That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, forty surgeons and one hundred and
twenty assistant surgeons of volunteers, who shall have the rank, pay,
and emoluments of officers of corresponding grades in the Regular
Army : Provided, That no one shall be appointed to any position under
this act unless he shall previously have been examined by a board of
medical officers to be appointed by the Secretary of War, and that
vacancies in the grade of surgeon shall be filled by selection from the
grade of assistant surgeon on the ground of merit only: And provided
further, That this act shall continue in force only during the existence
of the present rebellion.

Sec. 2. That from and after the passage of this act brigade surgeons
shall be known and designated as surgeons of volunteers, and shall be
attached to the general medical staff, under the direction of the Surgeon-
General; and hereafter such appointments for the medical service of
the Army shall be appointed surgeons of volunteers.
* * *

July 17, 1862 (12-594). Contractors for military supplies guilty of fraud to be
subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was
extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents
and to all inspectors of military supplies.

Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597).

AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,

suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth,

seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the act3 amendatory thereof, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 16. That the medical purveyors and storekeepers shall give
bonds in such sums as the Secretary of War may require, with security
to be approved by him.

Act of December 27, 1862 (12 Stats., 633).

AN ACT to facilitate the discharge of disabled soldiers from the Army, and the
inspection oi convalescent camps and hospitals.

That there shall be added to the present Medical Corps of the Army
eight medical inspectors, who shall, immediately after the passage of
this act, be appointed by the President, by ana with the advice and
consent of the Senate, without regard to their rank when so selected,
but with sole regard to qualifications, and who shall have the rank,
pay, and emoluments now authorized by law to officers of that grade.

420 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 2 That the officers of the medical inspector's department shall
be charged, in addition to the duties now assigned to them by existing
laws, with the duty of making regular and frequent inspections of all
military general hospitals and convalescent camps, and shall, upon such
inspection, designate to the surgeon in charge of- such hospitals or
camps, all soldiers who may be, in their opinion, fit subjects for dis-
charge from the service, on surgeon's certificate of disability, or suf-
ficiently recovered to be returned to their regiments for dutj^, and shall
see that such soldiers are discharged or so returned. And the medical
inspecting officers are hereby empowered, under such regulations as
may be hereafter established, to direct the return to duty or the dis-
charge from the service, as the case may be, of all soldiers designated
by them.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 743).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance
Department, and for other purposes.

Sec. 8. That the officers of the Medical Department shall unite with
the line officers of the Army, under ,such rules and regulations as shall
be prescribed by the Secretary of War, in supervising the cooking
within the same as an important sanitary measure, and that said Med-
ical Department shall promulgate to its officers such regulations and
instructions as may tend to insure the proper preparation of the ration
of the soldier.

Act of March 11, 186 % {13 Stats., 20).

AN ACT to establish a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United

States.

That the medical director or chief medical officer, of each army corps
shall, under the control of the medical director of the army to which
such army corps belongs, have the direction and supervision of all
ambulances, medicine, and other wagons, horses, mules, harness, and
other fixtures appertaining thereto, and of all officers and men who
may be detailed or employed to assist him in the management thereof ,
in the army corps in which he may be serving.

Sec. 2. That the commanding officer of each arnry corps shall detail
officers and enlisted men for service in the ambulance corps of such
army corps, upon the following basis, viz: One captain, who shall be
commandant of said ambulance corps; one first lieutenant for each
division in such army corps; one second lieutenant for each brigade in
such army corps; one sergeant for each regiment in such army corps;
three privates for each ambulance, and one private for each wagon:
and the officers and noncommissioned officers of the ambulance corps
shall be mounted: Provided, That the officers, noncommissioned officers,
and privates so detailed for each army corps shall be examined by a
board of medical officers of such army corps as to their fitness for such
duty; and that such as are found to be not qualified shall be rejected
and others detailed in their stead.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 421

Sec. 3. That there shall be allowed and furnished to each army corps
two-horse ambulances, upon the following basis, to wit: Threfetoeach
regiment of infantry of live hundred men or more; two to each regi-
ment of infantry of more than two hundred and less than five hundred
men or more; and one to each regiment of infantry of less than two
hundred men; two to each regiment of cavalry of five hundred men or
more; and one to each regiment of cavalry of less than five hundred
men; one to each battery of artillery, to which battery of artillery it
shall be permanently attached; to the headquarters of each army corps,
two such ambulances; and to each division train of ambulances, two
army wagons; and ambulances shall be allowed and furnished to divi-
sion brigades and commands not attached to any army corps upon the
same basis, and each ambulance shall be provided with such number of
stretchers and other appliances as shall be prescribed by the Surgeon-
General: Provided, That the ambulances and wagons herein mentioned
shall be furnished, so far as practicable, from the ambulances and
wagons now in the service.

Sec. 4. That horse and mule litters may be adopted or authorized
by the Secretary of War, in lieu of ambulances, when judged neces-
sary, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the
medical director of each army corps.

Sec. 5. That the captain shall be the commander of all the ambu-
lances, medicine, and other wagons in the corps under the immediate
direction of the medical director or chief medical officer of the army
corps to which the ambulance corps belongs. He shall pay special
attention to the condition of the ambulances, wagons, horses, mules,
harness, and other fixtures appertaining thereto, and see that they are
at all times in readiness for service; that the officers and men of the
ambulance corps are properly instructed in their duties, and that their
duties are performed, and that the regulations which may be pre-
scribed by the Secretary of War or the Surgeon-General for the gov-
ernment of the ambulance corps are strictly observed by those under
his command. It shall be his duty to institute a drill in his corps,
instructing his men in the most easy and expeditious manner of mov-
ing the sick and wounded, and to require in all cases that the sick and
wounded shall be treated with gentleness and care, and that the ambu-
lances and wagons are at all times provided with attendants, drivers,
horses, mules, and whatever maybe necessary for their efficiency; and
it shall be his duty also to see that the ambulances are not used for any
other purpose than that for which they are designed and ordered. It
shall be the duty of the medical director or chief medical officer of the
army corps, previous to a march and previous to and in time of action,
or whenever it may be necessary to use the ambulances, to issue proper
orders to the captain for the distribution and management of the
same, for collecting the sick and wounded and conveying them to their
destination. And it shall be the duty of the captain, faithfully and
diligently to execute such orders. And the officers of the ambulance
corps, including the medical director, shall make such reports from
time to time as may be required by the Secretary of War, the Surgeon-
General, and medical director of the Army, or the commanding officer
of the army corps in which they may be serving; and all reports to
higher authority than the commanding officer of the army corps shall
be transmitted through the medical director of the Army to which such
army corps belongs.

422 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

Sec. 6. That the first lieutenant assigned to the ambulance corps for
a division shall have complete control, under the captain of his corps
and the medical director of the army corps, of all the ambulances,
medicine, and other wagons, horses, mules, and men in that portion of
the ambulance corps. He shall be the acting assistant quartermaster
for that portion of the ambulance corps, and will receipt for and be
responsible for all the property belonging to it, and be held responsi-
ble for any deficiency in anything appertaining- thereto. He shall have
a traveling cavalry forge, a blacksmith, and a saddler, who shall be
under his orders, to enable him to keep his train in order. He shall
have authority to draw supplies from the depot quartermaster upon
requisitions approved by the captain of his corps, the medical director,
and the commander of the army corps to which he is attached. It shall
be his duty to exercise a constant supervision over his train in every
particular, and keep it at all times ready for service.

Sec. 7. That the second lieutenant shall have command of the portion
of the ambulance corps for a brigade, and shall be under the immediate
orders of the first lieutenant, and he shall exercise a careful supervision
over the sergeants and privates assigned to the portion of the ambu-
lance corps for his brigade; and it shall be the duty of the sergeants
to conduct the drills and inspections of the ambulances, under his
orders, of their respective regiments.

Sec. 8. That the ambulances in the armies of the United States shall
be used only for the transportation of the sick and wounded, and, in
urgent cases only, for medical supplies, and all persons shall be pro-
hibited from using them, or requiring them to be used, for any other
purpose. It shall be the dut} r of the officers of the ambulance corps to
report to the commander of the army corps any violation of the pro-
visions of this section, or any attempt to violate the same. And any
officer who shall use an ambulance, or require it to be used for any
other purpose than as provided in this section, shall for the first offense
be publicly reprimanded by the commander of the army corps in which
he may be serving, and for the second offense shall be dismissed from
the service.

Sec. 9. That no person except the proper medical officers, or the
officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates of the ambulance corps,
or such persons as may be especially assigned by competent military
authority to duty with the ambulance corps for the occasion, shall be
permitted to take or accompany sick or wounded men to the rear
either on the march or upon the field of battle.

Sec. 10. That the officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates
of the ambulance corps shall be designated by such uniform or in such
manner as the Secretary of War shall deem proper: Provided, That
officers and men may be relieved from service in said corps and others
detailed to the same, subject to the examination provided in the second
section of this act, in the discretion of the commanders of the armies
in which they may be serving.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 423

raised of their detail for such service, and it shall be the duty of the
commander of the army corps to report to the Adjutant-General from
time to time the conduct and behavior of the officers and enlisted men
of the ambulance corps, and the Adjutant-General shall forward copies
of such reports, so far as they relate to officers and enlisted men of
volunteer organizations, to the governors of the States in which such
organizations were raised.

Sec. 12. That nothing in this act shall be construed to diminish or
impair the rightful authority of the commanders of armies, army corps,
or separate detachments, over the medical and other officers and the
noncommissioned officers and privates of their respective commands.

April 9, 1864 (10-46). Commanders of hospitals to afford to chaplains on duty
thereat such facilities as may aid them in the performance of their duties.

.hihl 4, 1864. Hospital matrons, from and after July 1, to receive $10 per month
and 1 ration.

Act of February 25, 1865 (13 Stats., 437).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the Medical Corps of the Army.

That the medical director of an army in the field consisting of two
or more army corps, and the medical director of a military depart-
ment in which there are United States general hospitals containing
four thousand beds or upwards, shall have the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of a colonel of cavalry; and the medical director of an army
corps in the field, or of a department in which there are United States
hospitals containing less than four thousand beds, shall have the rank,
pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. But this
increased rank and pay shall only continue to medical officers while
discharging such special duties; and the assignments from time to time
to such duty shall be at least two-thirds of them made from among the
surgeons and assistant surgeons of volunteers.

March 10, 1866 (14-351). Authorizes issue of blankets, bedding, etc., in the stores
of the Surgeon-General and no longer needed to the National Home for Soldiers and
Sailors' Orphans of Washington City.

July 14, 1866 (14-364). Surplus bedding and hospital furniture may be issued to
families rendered homeless and destitute by fire in Portland, Me.

July 16, 1866 (14-173). Medical stores and attendance may be furnished to desti-
tute refugees and freedmen.

Act of July 28, 1866 (Ij. Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 17. That the Medical Department of the Army shall hereafter
consist of one Surgeon-General with the rank, pay, and emoluments
of a brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; one chief medical pur-
veyor and four assistant medical purveyors with the rank, pay, and
emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry, who shall give the same
bonds which are or may be required of assistant paymaster-generals of
like grade, and shall, when not acting as purveyors, be assignable to
duty as surgeons by the President; sixty surgeons with the rank, pay,
and emoluments of majors of cavalry; otic hundred and fifty assistant
surgeons with the rank, pay. and emoluments of lieutenants of cavalry

424 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

for the first three years' service, and with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of captains of cavalry after three years' service; and five medi-
cal storekeepers with the same compensation as is now provided by
law; and all the original vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon
shall be filled by selection by examination from among the persons
who have served as staff or regimental surgeons, or assistant surgeons
of volunteers in th<* Army of the United States two years during
the late war; and persons who have served as assistant surgeons three
j^ears in the volunteer service shall be eligible for promotion to the
grade of captain; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to
appoint from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted,
as manj 7 hospital stewards as the service may require, to be per-
manently attached to the Medical Department, under such regulations
as the Secretary of War may prescribe.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the . . . Surgeon-General . . . shall here-
after be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong,
and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by this act in
the . . . medical . . . departments until he shall have passed
the examination now required by law.

Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 428).

AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the
United States, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That so much of the act entitled "An act to increase and fix
the military peace establishment of the United States," approved July
twenty : eight, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, as related to the promo-
tion of assistant surgeons after three years' service shall be amended
so as to read "And persons who have served as surgeons or assistant
surgeons three years in the volunteer force shall be eligible for pro-
motion to the grade of captain."

* *

March 2, 1867 {14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the
government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

March 22, 1867 {15-21). Surplus medical stores may be sold at first prices to the
National Asylum for Disabled Volunteers. .

Resolution of March 12, 1868 (IS Stats., 250).

A RESOLUTION providing for the issue of clothing to soldiers and others to replace
clothing destroyed to prevent contagion.

That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized at any
time, on the recommendation of the Surgeon-General of the Army, to
order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious
diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed and attended such
soldiers, to replace the articles of their clothing which have been
destroyed by order of the proper medical officers to prevent contagion.

June25, 1868 {15-254). All distilled spirits produced during experiments for testing
meters for the Internal-Revenue Service to be sold to the Surgeon-General for use in
the army hospitals.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 425

Art nf.lnh, 07, 1868 (15 Stats.

AN ACT making appropriations for the service of the Columbia Institution for the
Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and establishing additional regulations for the
government of the institution, and for other purposes.

Sec. 6. . . . That all expenditures for the said Providence Hos-
pital and appropriations of Congress shall be made under tne direction
and control of the Surgeon-General of the Army, whose duty it shall
be to report at the December session of every Congress a full and com-
plete statement of all expenses incurred under and by virtue of appro-
priations made by Congress.

Sec. 7. . . . all expenditures for the Columbia Hospital for
Women and Lying-in Asylum shall be under the direction of the Sur-
geon-General of the Army, who shall also report to Congress at every
December session a full and accurate account of all expenditures made
by said asylum out of appropriations by Congress. . . .

March 3, 1869 (15-301). Contract for hospital treatment of 60 transient paupers,
etc., in Washington to be made by the Surgeon-General. [In 1872 the contract
was to be made by the Secretary of War; in 1874 the number of transients was
increased to 75; and since 1876 the duty was intrusted to the Surgeon-General and
Providence Hospital designated as the institution.]

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions ... in the Medical Department.

Act of June 17, 1870 (16 Stats., 153).
AN ACT to provide for furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers.

That every soldier who was disabled during the late war for the
suppression of the rebellion, and who was furnished by the War
Department with an artificial limb, or apparatus for resection, shall
be entitled to receive a new limb or apparatus as soon after the pas-
sage of this act as the same can be practicably furnished, and at the
expiration of every five years thereafter, under such regulations as
maybe prescribed by the Surgeon-General of the Army: Provided,
That the soldier may, if he so elect, receive instead of said limb or
apparatus the money value thereof at the following rates, viz: For
artificial legs, seventy-five dollars; for arms, fifty dollars; for feet,
fifty dollars; for apparatus for resection, fifty dollars.

Sec. 2. That the ourgeon-General shall certify to the Commissioner
of Pensions a list of all soldiers who have elected to receive money
commutation instead of limbs or apparatus, with the amount due to
each, and the Commissioner of Pensions shall cause the same to be paid
to such soldiers . . .

426 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 12, 1872 (17 Stats., Ifi).

AN ACT to provide for the designation of a chief medical purveyor.

That the President of the United States be, and hereby is, author-
ized to appoint by selection from the present assistant medical pur-
veyors, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a chief
medical purveyor of the Army to fill the vacancy now existing. Noth-
ing herein shall be construed to increase the pay of the officers
appointed to fill said vacancy.

May 15, 1872 (17-117). This act establishes rates of pay of hospital stewards from
and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. x 1280, R. S.)

Act of May 28, 1872 (17 Stats., 164).
AN ACT to provide for furnishing trusses to disabled soldiers.

That every soldier of the Union Army who was ruptured while in
the line of duty during the late war for the suppression of the rebel-
lion shall be entitled to receive a single or double truss of such style
as may be designated by the Surgeon-General of the United States
Army as the best suited for such disability.

Sec. 2. That application for such truss shall be made by the ruptured
soldier to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it shall be
to examine such applicant, and for every such applicant found to have
a rupture or hernia shall prepare and forward to the Surgeon-General
an application for such truss, without charge to the soldier.

Sec. 3. That the Surgeon-General of the United States Army is
hereby authorized and directed to purchase and procure the number
of trusses which may be required for distribution to such disabled sol-
diers, at a price not greater than the same are sold to the trade at
wholesale; and the cost of the same shall be paid, upon the requisition
of the Surgeon- General, out of any moneys in the Treasury not other-
wise appropriated.

Act of June 8, 1872 (17 Stats., 338).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act to provide for
furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers," approved June thirtieth, eighteen
hundred and seventy.

That the acts approved June seventeen, eighteen hundred and sev-
enty, and June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy, for supplying
artificial limbs, or commutation for the same, to officers, soldiers, and
seamen, shall apply to all officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted
and hired men of the land and naval forces of the United States who,
in the line of their duty as such, shall have lost limbs or sustained
bodily injuries depriving them of the use of any of their limbs, to be
determined by the Surgeon-General of the Army.
* * *

June 10, 1872 (17-347). After June 30, 1872, control of Freedmen's Hospital is to
be vested in the Secretary of War [presumably under the supervision of the Surgeon-
General].

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 427

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 582).

AN ACT to provide for the establishment of a military prison, and for its govern-
ment.

Sec. 4. That the officers of the prison shall consist of ... a
surgeon, . . . who shall be detailed by the Secretary of War
from the commissioned officers of the Army; . . .

Resolution of March 25, 187 % (18 Stats., 286).

JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the Secretary of War to detail a medical officer
of the Army to inquire into and report upon the causes of epidemic cholera.

That the Secretary of "War be, and he is hereby, authorized and
directed to detail one medical officer of the Army, who shall, during
the present year, under the direction of the Surgeon-General of the
Army, . . . visit the towns at which cholera prevailed during
eighteen hundred and seventy-three, or such of them as in the opinion
of the Surgeon-General . . . may be necessary, confer with the
health authorities and resident physicians of such towns, and collect
as far as possible all facts of importance with regard to such epidemic,
and shall make a detailed report of the information collected on or
before the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy -five, to
the President, to be submitted to Congress. And the Surgeon-General
is hereby authorized and directed to report to the Secretary of War,
for publication, such information on the subject as he may have or
shall obtain.

Act of June 23, 187 "j, (18 Stats., 2U).

AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army.
* * *

Sec. 4. That the Medical Department of the Army shall hereafter
consist of one Surgeon-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments
of a brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general, and one chief
medical purveyor, each with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a
colonel; and two assistant medical purveyors, with the rank, pay, and
emoluments of lieutenant-colonels, who shall give the same bonds which
are or may be required of assistant paymasters-general of like grade,
and shall, when not acting as purveyors, be assignable to duty as sur-
geons by the President; fifty surgeons with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of majors; one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons, with the
rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenants of cavalry for the first five
years' service, and with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of
cavalry after five years' service; and four medical storekeepers, with
the same compensation as is now provided by law; and all the original
vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon .shall bo filled by selection
by competitive examination; and the Secretary of War is hereby
authorized to appoint, from the enlisted nun of the Army, or cause to
be enlisted, as many hospital stewards as the service may require, to
be permanently attached to the Medical Department, under such regu-

428 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

lations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. And the number of
contract surgeons shall be limited to seventy-five, on or before the
first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-five; and there-
after no more than that number shall be employed.
* * *

Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or
mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made, reducing
the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff.

Sec. 7, That as vacancies shall occur in any of the grades of the
. . . medical departments, no appointments shall be made to fill
the same until the numbers in such grade shall be reduced to the
numbers which are fixed for permanent appointments by the provi-
sions of this act; and thereafter the number of permanent officers in
said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers, and
all other grades in said . . . medical departments than those
authorized by the provisions of this act shall cease to exist as soon as
the same shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise; and
no appointment or promotion shall hereafter be made to fill any
vacancy which may occur therein.

Sec. 8. That so much of section six of the act entitled "An act
making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur-
poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as
applies to the . . . medical departments of the Army be, and the
same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That this section repealing said
section shall not apply to any of the grades of the medical . . .
departments which are omitted or abolished by the provisions of this
act.

Act of January 1st, 1875 (18 Stats., 29$).

AN ACT suspending so much of the act entitled "An act reorganizing the several
staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hundred and
seventy-four, as applies to contract surgeons.

That so much of the act entitled "An act reorganizing the several
staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hun-
dred and seventy-four, as applies to contract surgeons, be, and is
hereby, suspended until otherwise provided by law.

Act of June 26, 1876 {19 Stats., 61).

AN ACT to reduce the number and increase the efficiency of the medical corps of the

United States Army.

That the number of assistant surgeons now allowed by law shall be
reduced to one hundred and twenty -five; that the office of medical store-
keeper is hereby abolished; that from and after the passage of this
act, in addition to the grades now allowed by law, there shall be four
surgeons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels; eight sur-
geons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels, to
be promoted by seniority from the medical officers of the Army; that
this act shall not be construed to deprive any medical officer or store-
keeper now in office of his commission in the United States Army.

August 15, 1876 {19-203). The Surgeon-General to prescribe regulations to govern
the issue, once every five years, of artificial limbs or appliances, or commutation
therefor, to officers and men who shall have lost a limb or sustained injuries depriv-
ing them of the use of any of their limbs.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 429

REVISED STATUTES 2D EDITION 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

The Medical Department.

The hospital stewards of the Medical Department.

* * *

. . . a hospital steward for each military post.

* * *

Sec. 1127. Commanders of hospitals to afford to chaplains on duty thereat such
facilities as may aid them in the performance of their duties.

* * *

Sec. 1168. The Medical Department of the Army shall consist of one
Surgeon-General, with the rank of brigadier-general; one assistant
surgeon-general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; one chief med-
ical purveyor and four assistant medical purveyors, with the rank of
lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; sixty surgeons with the rank of major
of cavalry; one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons, with the rank of
lieutenant of cavalry for the first three years of service, and the rank of
captain of cavalry after three years of service; and five medical store-
keepers, with the rank of captain of cavalrv. All the original vacan-
cies in the grade of assistant surgeon shall be filled by selection by
examination from among the persons who have served as staff or regi-
mental surgeons or assistant surgeons of volunteers in the Army of
the United States during the late war.

Sec. 1169. Officers of the Medical Department of the Army shall
not be entitled in virtue of their rank to command in the line or in
other staff corps.

Sec. 1170. Assistant surgeons who have served three years as sur-
geons or assistant surgeons in the volunteer forces shall be eligible to
promotion to the grade of captain.

Sec. 1171. The chief medical purveyor and the assistant medical
purveyors may be assigned by the President to duty as surgeons when
not acting as purveyors.

Sec. 1172. No person shall receive the appointment of assistant sur-
geon unless he shall have been examined and approved by an army
medical board, consisting of not less than three surgeons or assistant
surgeons, designated by the Secretary of War; and no person shall
receive the appointment of surgeon unless he shall have served at least
five years as an assistant surgeon in the Regular Army, and shall have
been examined and approved by an army medical board, consisting of
not Jess than three surgeons, designated as aforesaid.

Sec. 1173. The chief medical purveyor shall have, under the direc-
tion of the Surgeon-General, supervision of the purchase and distri-
bution of the hospital and medical supplies.

Sec. 1174. The officers of the Medical Department of the Army
shall unite with the officers of the line under such rules and regulations
as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War in superintending the
cooking done by the enlisted men; and the Surgeon-General shall pro-
mulgate to the officers of said corps such regulations and instructions
as may tend to insure the proper preparation of the ration of the
soldier.

Sec. 1175. Such quantities of fresh or preserved fruits, milk, but-

430 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ter, and eggs as may be necessary for the proper diet of the sick may
be allowed in hospitals. They shall be provided under such rules as
the Surgeon-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War,
shall prescribe.

Sec. 1176. Every soldier of the Union Army who was ruptured
while in the line of duty during the war for the suppression of the
rebellion is entitled to receive a single or double truss, of such style
as may be designated by the Surgeon-General as best suited for his
disability.

Sec. 1177. Application for such truss shall be made by the ruptured
soldier to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it shall be
to examine the applicant, and when found to have a rupture or hernia
to prepare and forward to the Surgeon-General an application for such
truss without charge to the soldier.

Sec. 1178. The Surgeon-General is authorized and directed to pur-
chase the trusses required for such soldiers at wholesale prices, and
the cost of the same shall be paid upon the requisition of the Surgeon-
General out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Sec. 1179. There shall be one hospital steward for each military
post, who may be enlisted in that grade or appointed by the Secre-
tary of War from the enlisted men of the Arm} 7 , and shall be perma-
nently attached to the Medical Corps, under such regulations as he
may prescribe.

Sec. 1180. The Secretary of War may appoint from the enlisted
men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as man} 7 hospital stewards
as the service may require, to be permanently attached to the Medical
Corps, under such regulations as he may prescribe.

Sec. 1181. Hospital stewards shall be graded as hospital stewards
of the first class, hospital stewards of the second class, and hospital
stewards of the third class.

* * *

Sec. 1191. . . . , the chief medical purveyor and assistant med-
ical purveyors and all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the
duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the
United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct,
faithfully to account for all public moneys and property which they
may receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so
prescribed. . . .

* * *

Sec. 1193. The . . . Surgeon-General . . . shall be appointed
by selection from the corps to which they belong.

Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in ,the . . . medical departments.

* * *

Sec. 1238. Women may be employed, instead of soldiers, as nurses
in general or permanent hospitals, at such times and in such numbers
as the Surgeon-General or the medical officer in charge of any such
hospital may deem proper.

Sec. 1239. Hospital matrons and nurses may be employed in post or
regimental hospitals in such numbers as may be necessary.

* * *

Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores
which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 431

unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall '
made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the g&iva
shall be made under regulations prescribed by him.

* * *

Sec. 1277. Hospital matrons in post or regimental hospitals shall
receive ten dollars a month, and female nurses in general hospitals
shall receive forty cents a day. One ration in kind or by commutation
shall be allowed to each.

* * *

Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the
Arm}- shall, during the first term of enlistment, be as follows, with
the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided:

* * *

Hospital stewards, first class, thirty dollars.
Hospital stewards, second class, twenty-two dollars.
Hospital stewards, third class, twenty dollars.

Section 1281 adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth years of
first enlistment, and section 1282 fixes the pay of men reenlisting at rate of pay for
third year of first term.

* * *

Sec. 1295. . . . hospital matrons, and the nurses employed in
post or regimental hospitals shall be entitled to receive one ration

dailv.

* * *

Sec. 1298. The Secretary of War may, on the recommendation of
the Surgeon-General, order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers
who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have
nursed them, to replace any articles of their clothing destroyed by order
of the proper medical officers to prevent contagion.

* * *

Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to
such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to be charged
against the officer responsible unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was
not occasioned by any fault on his part.

* * *

Sec. 1347. The officers of the [military] prison shall consist of
. a surgeon, . . . who shall be detailed by the Secretary
of War from the commissioned officers of the Army; . . .

* * *

Sec. 1647. . . . Each brigade [of militia called into service]
shall have . . . one surgeon, . . .

* * *

Skc. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States
which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 18(50, in favor of disloyal persons; this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

* * *

Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction
of the chief officer of the Department of War . . . And all
agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render
their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Dp^art-

432 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

merit for which such supplies or services are required, subject never-
theless to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury,

Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States
shall be made, unless the same is authorized by law or is under an
appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, . .

* * *

Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts,
with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns,
etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

* * *

Sec. 4787. Every officer, soldier, seaman, and marine who was dis-
abled during the war for the suppression of the rebellion, in the mili-
tary or naval service, and in the line of duty, or in consequence of
wounds received or disease contracted therein, and who was furnished
by the War Department since the seventeenth day of June, eighteen
hundred and seventy, with an artificial limb or apparatus since said
date, shall be entitled to receive a new limb or apparatus at the expira-
tion of every five years thereafter under such regulations as have been
or may be prescribed by the Surgeon-General of the Army. The
provisions of this section shall apply to all officers, noncommissioned
officers, enlisted and hired men of the land and naval forces of the
United States, who, in the line of their duty as such, shall have lost
limbs or sustained bodily injuries depriving them of the use of any of
their limbs, to be determined by the Surgeon -General of the Army;
and the term of five years herein specified shall be held to commence
in each case with the filing of the application for the benefits of this
section.

Sec. 4788. Every person entitled to the benefits of the preceding
section may, if he so elects, receive instead of such limb or apparatus
the money value thereof, at the following rates, namely : For artificial
legs, seventy-five dollars; for arms, fifty dollars; for feet, fifty dollars;
for apparatus, for resection, fifty dollars.

Sec. 4789. The Surgeon-General shall certify to the Commissioner
of Pensions a list of soldiers who elect to receive money commutation
instead of limbs or apparatus, with the amount due to each, and the
Commissioner of Pensions shall cause the same to be paid to such
soldiers in the same manner as pensions are paid.

* * *

Sec. 4815! . . . The Surgeon-General . . . shall consti-
tute a Board of Commissioners for the Soldiers' Home.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

May 4, 1880 {21-110). Subsistence supplies may be sold to hospitals at cost prices,
not including cost of transportation, upon the certificate of the officer in charge of
a hospital, that the supplies are necessary for the exclusive use of such hospital.

March 3, 1882 (22-456). Civilian employees of the army at military posts may
purchase medical supplies, prescribed by a medical officer of the Army, at cost, with
ten per centum added.

March 10, 1882 (22-378). Hospital tents may be issued for the relief of sufferers
from the overflow of the Mississippi River.

June 30, 1882 (22-117). An army and navy hospital to be erected at Hot Springs,
Ark., on plans to be approved by the surgeons-general of the Army and Navy.

THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 433

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 564).
-::- * *

Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home
shall hereafter consist of . . . the Surgeon-General, . . .

Act of July 5, 1884, (23 Stats., 107).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year
ending June 30th, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

Medical Department. . . . That officers of the Medical
Department shall take rank and precedence in accordance with date of
commission or appointment, and shall be so borne on the official Army
Register: Provided, That the medical officers of the Army and con-
tract surgeons shall, whenever practicable, attend the families of the
officers and soldiers free of charge.

* * *

Mirch 2, 1885 (23-339). Provides for the erection of a building to contain the
records, library, and museum of the medical department of the Army.

Act of March 1, 1887 (24. Stats., JfiS).

AN ACT to organize the Hospital Corps of the Army of the United States, to define

its duty, and fix- its pay.

That the Hospital Corps of the United States Army shall consist of
hospital stewards, acting hospital stewards, and privates; and all
necessary hospital services in garrison, camp, or field (including ambu-
lance service) shall be performed by the members thereof, wno shall
be regularly enlisted in the military service; said corps shall be per-
manently attached to the Medical Department, and shall not be included
in the effective strength of the Army nor counted as a part of the
enlisted force provided by law.

Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War is empowered to appoint as many
hospital stewards as, in his judgment, the service may require, but not
more than one hospital steward shall be stationed at any post or place
without special authority of the Secretary of War.

Si:< i. 3. That the pay of hospital stewards shall be forty-five dollars
per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now
or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted men. They shall
have rank with ordnance sergeants and be entitled to all the allowances
pertaining to that grade.

Sec. 4. That no person shall bo appointed a hospital steward unless
he shall have passed a satisfactory examination before a board of one
or more medical officers as to his qualifications for the position, and
demonstrated his fitness therefor by service of not less than twelve
months as acting hospital steward; and no person shall be designated
for such examination except by written authority of the Surgeon-
General.

Sec. 5. That the Secretary of War is empowered to enlist or cause
to be enlisted as many privates of the hospital corps as the service
may require, and to limit or fix the number and make such regula-

S. Doc. 229 28

434 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

tions for their government as may be necessary; and any enlisted man
in the Army shall be eligible for transfer to the hospital corps as a
private. They shall perform duty as ward masters, cooks, nurses,
and attendants in hospitals and as stretcher bearers, litter bearers,
and ambulance attendants in the field, and such other duty as may by
proper authority be required of them.

Sec. 6. That the pay of privates of the hospital corps shall be
thirteen dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of
service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted
men. They shall be entitled to the same allowances as a corporal of
the arm of the service with which on duty.

Sec. 7. That privates of the hospital corps may be detailed as acting
hospital stewards by the Secretary of War, upon the recommendation
of the Surgeon-General, whenever the necessities of the service require
it; and while so detailed their pay shall be twenty -five dollars per
month, with increase as above stated. Acting hospital stewards, when
educated in the duties of the position, may be eligible for examination
for appointment as hospital stewards, as above provided.
* * *

March 2, 1889 {25-825). Maximum sum to be allowed contract surgeons when
traveling on duty, fixed at four cents per mile, and in addition thereto, when the
Quartermaster's Department can not furnish transportation, the cost of same actually
paid by them exclusive of sleeping or parlor car fare and transfer.

March 3, 1891 (26-1103). Artificial limbs to be furnished every three years.

Act of July 13, 1892 (27 Stats., 120).

AN ACT to amend the act approved March first, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven,
relating to the hospital corps of the Army.

That section six of the act approved March first, eighteen hundred
and eighty-seven, entitled "An act to organize the hospital corps of
the Army of the United States, to define its duty and fix its pay," be,
and hereby is, amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 6. That the pay of privates of the hospital corps shall be
eighteen dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of
service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted
men. They shall be entitled to the same allowance as a corporal of
the arm of service with which they may be on duty."

July 16, 1892 (27-174)- Sec. 3709, R. S., requiring advertisement before purchase,
not to apply to purchase of medicines and medical supplies.

Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276).

AN ACT to define the grade of certain medical officers of the Army, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the passage of this act the grade of certain
medical officers of the Army below that of Surgeon-General shall be as
follows: Those holding the rank of colonel, assistant surgeon-generals;
those holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel, deputy surgeon-generals.

Sec. 2. That before receiving the rank of captain of cavalry,
assistant surgeons shall be examined under the provisions of an act
approved October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "An

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 435

act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and

to regulate promotions therein."

Sec. 3. That medical officers of the Army may be assigned by the

Secretary of War to such duties as the interest of the service may

demand.

* * *

August 5, 1892 (27-348). Honorably discharged nurses who were employed by
the Surgeon-General, who served for six months or more in any general hospital,
entitled to pension if unable to earn a support.

Act of March 29, 1891). (28 Stats., 4,7).

AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government.

That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury
Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of
officers or agents, . . . the Surgeon-General, . . . shall
certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasuiy Department,
for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or
agent intrusted with public property, arising from any loss, accruing
by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to
him.

Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

Medical Department: . . . Provided, That hereafter no appoint-
ments shall be made to the office of assistant surgeon until the number
of assistant surgeons shall be reduced below one hundred and ten, and
thereafter the number of officers in that grade in the Medical Depart-
ment shall be fixed at ninety.

* * *

. . . Provided further, . . . that purchases may be made in
open market in the manner common among business men when the
aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but
every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary
of War.

Act of August 18, 1894. (## Stats., 372).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for

the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for

other purposes.

* * *

WAR DEPARTMENT.

That the proviso in the paragraph for the Medical Department under
title "For pay of the general staff" in the act making appropriations
for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth,
eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes, approved

436 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, is hereby amended
so as to read as follows: Provided, That hereafter no appointments
shall be made in the office of assistant surgeon until the number of
assistant surgeons shall be reduced below one hundred and ten, and
thereafter the number of officers in that grade in the Medical Depart-
ment shall be fixed at one hundred and ten.

Act of March 16, 1896 (29 Stats., 60).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven.

FOR FAY OF ENLISTED MEN.

. . . : Provided, That there shall be no appointments) of hospital
stewards until the number of hospital stewards shall be reduced below
one hundred, and thereafter the number of such officers shall not
exceed one hundred.

* * *

June 11, 1896 (29-413). Authorizes the Medical Department to sell medical and
hospital supplies at its contract prices to the National Home for Disabled Volunteers.

May 27, 1897 (30-220). Authorizes purchase of medicines for the relief of destitute
citizens of the United States in Cuba.

June, 4, 1897 (30-11). Authorizes the Medical Department to sell medical and hos-
pital supplies at its contract prices to the Soldiers' Home in the District of Columbia.

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
United States in time of war, and for other purposes.

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall
consist of . . . one chief surgeon, who shall have . . . the
rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the commander of a
division shall consist of . . . one chief surgeon, who shall have
. . . the rank of major. . . . The staff of the commander of a
brigade shall consist of . . . one surgeon . . .

Act of May 12, 1898 (30 Stats., Ifi6).
AN ACT to increase the number of surgeons in the United States Army.

That the number of medical officers of the Army be increased by
the addition of fifteen assistant surgeons with the rank of first lieu-
tenant, to be appointed after examination by an army medical exam-
ining board, in accordance with existing regulations.

Sec. 2. That in emergencies the Surgeon-General of the Army, with
the approval of the Secretary of War, may appoint as many contract
surgeons as may be necessary, at a compensation not to exceed one
hundred and fifty dollars per month.

May 18, 1898 (30-419). Prescribes mode of issuing medical stores to destitute
inhabitants of Cuba.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 437

Act of June 2, 1898 (30 Stats., 1,28).

AN ACT to suspend certain provisions of law relating to hospital stewards in the
Tinted States Army, and for other purposes.

That all provisions of law limiting the number of hospital stewards
in service at any one time to one hundred, and requiring that a person
to be appointed a hospital steward shall first demonstrate his fitness
therefor by actual service of not less than twelve months as acting
hospital steward, . . . be, and the same are hereby, suspended
during the existing war: Provided, That the increase of hospital
stewards under this act shall not exceed one hundred.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for

other purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of ... a Medical Department,

* * *

Sec. 7. That the . . . Medical Department, . . . shall
consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: . . .

* * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in
service or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *

Thirty-four surgeons with the rank as major.

* * *

February 8, 1900 (81 ). Authorizes construction of a modern military hospital

at Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

MaytS. 1U00 (81 ). Additional hospital stewards, not to exceed an additional

one hundred, may be appointed; no more than one to bo stationed at one post or
station without special authority of the Secretary of War.

Act of.Fibruary 2, 1901 (31 Stats., .)

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States . . . shall consist of ... a Medical Department. . . .
. 18. That the Medical Department shall consist of one Surgeon-
General with the rank of brigadier-general, eight assistant surgeons-
general with the rank of colonel, twelve deputy surgeons-general with
the rank of lieutenant-colonel, sixty surgeons with the rank of major,
two hundred and forty assistant surgeons with the rank of captain or
first lieutenant, the Hospital Corps, as now authorized by law, and the
Nurse Corps: /'mrlded, That all vacancies in the grades of colone*,
lieutenant-colonel, and major created or caused by this section shall be
filled by promotion according to seniority, subject to the examination
now prescribed by law: Anajsrovided, That the period during which
any assistant surgeon shall have served as a surgeon or assistant sur-

438 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

geon in the Volunteer Army during the war with Spain or since shall
be counted as a portion of the five years' service required to entitle
him to rank of captain: And provided also, That nothing in this sec-
tion shall affect the relative rank for promotion of any assistant sur-
geon now in the service, or who may be hereafter appointed therein,
as determined by the date of his appointment or commission and as
fixed in accordance with existing law and regulations: Provided further,
That in emergencies the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the
approval of the Secretary of War, may appoint as many contract sur-
geons as may be necessary, at a compensation not to exceed one hundred
and fifty dollars per month. That on and after the passage of this act
the President may appoint, for duty in the Philippine Islands, fifty sur-
geons of volunteers with the rank and pay of major and one hundred
and fifty assistant surgeons of volunteers with the rank and paj r of cap-
tain, mounted, for a period of two years: Provided, That so many of
these volunteer medical officers as are not required shall be honorably
discharged the service whenever in the opinion of the Secretary of War
their services are no longer necessary : Provided furtlier, That assistant
surgeons in the Volunteer Army of the United States commissioned
by the President as captains, in accordance with the provisions of an
act for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States,
and for other purposes, approved March second, eighteen hundred and
ninety-nine, shall be entitled to the pay of a captain, mounted, from
the date of their acceptance of such commission, as prescribed by law:
Provided, That the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval
of the Secretary of War, be, and he is hereby, authorized to employ
dental surgeons to serve the officers and enlisted men of the Regular
and Volunteer Army, in the proportion of not to exceed one for every
one thousand of said Army, and not exceeding thirty in all. Said
dental surgeons shall be employed as contract dental surgeons under
the terms and conditions applicable to army contract surgeons, and
shall be graduates of standard medical or dental colleges, trained in
the several branches of dentistry, of good moral and professional
character, and shall pass a satisfactory professional examination: Pro-
vided, That three of the number of dental surgeons to be employed
shall be first appointed by the Surgeon-General, with the approval of
the Secretary of War, with reference to their fitness for assignment,
under the direction of the Surgeon-General, to the special service of
conducting the examinations and supervising the operations of the
others; and for such special service an extra compensation of sixty
dollars a month will be allowed: Provided furtlier, That dental-college
graduates now employed in the Hospital Corps who have been detailed
for a period of not less than twelve months to render dental service to
the Army and who are shown by the reports of their superior officers
to have rendered such service satisfactorily may be appointed contract
dental surgeons without examination: Provided, That the Secretary
of War be authorized to appoint in the Hospital Corps, in addition to
the two hundred hospital stewards now allowed by law, one hundred
hospital stewards: Provided, That men who have served as hospital
stewards of volunteer regiments or acted in that capacity during and
since the Spanish- American war for more than six months may be
appointed hospital stewards in the Regular Army: And provided fur-
ther, That all men so appointed shall be of good moral character and
shall have passed a satisfactory mental and physical examination.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 489

Sec. 19. That the Nurse Corps (female) shall consist of one Super-
intendent, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, who shall be a
graduate of a hospital training school having a course of instruction of
not less than two years, whose term of office may be terminated at his
discretion, whose compensation shall be one thousand eight hundred
dollars per annum, and of as many chief nurses, nurses, and reserve
nurses as may be needed. Reserve nurses may be assigned to active
duty when the emergency of the service demands, but shall receive no
compensation except when on such duty: Provided, That all nurses in
the Nurse Corps shall be appointed or removed by the Surgeon-Gen-
eral, with the approval of the Secretary of War; that they shall be
graduates of hospital training schools, and shall have passed a satis-
factory professional, moral, mental, and physical examination: And
provided, That the Superintendent and nurses shall receive transporta-
tion and necessary expenses when traveling under orders; that the pay
and allowances of nurses, and of reserve nurses, when on active service,
shall be forty dollars per month when on duty in the United States
and fifty dollars per month when without the limits of the United
States. They shall be entitled to quarters, subsistence, and medical
attendance during illness, and they may be granted leaves of absence
for thirty days, with pay, for each calendar year; and, when serving
as chief nurses, their pay may be increased by authority of the Secre-
tary of War, such increase not to exceed twenty-five dollars per month.
Payments, to the Nurse Corps shall be made by the Pay Department.
* * *

VIII -THE PAY DEPARTMENT.

441

THE PAY DEPARTMENT.

The earliest legislation creating, a Pay Department is the resolution
of the Continental Congress, June 16, 1775, which provided for a Pay-
master-General and a deputy under him, for + he Army, in a separate
department.

The Revolutionary Army was disbanded November 3, 1783, but Pay-
master-General Pierce was continued in service settling his accounts
and as commissioner for settling the accounts of the Army. The two
offices were united by the resolution of March 23, 1787, and after the
death of John Pierce, in 1788, the duties of the office of Paymaster-
General were administered by Joseph Howell, jr., Commissioner of
Armv Accounts, until the appointment of a Paymaster of the Army,
May," 1792.

The Pay Department, by that name, was first organized under the
act of April 24, 1816, but a Paymaster for the Army "to reside near
the headquarters of the troops of the U. S." had been authorized by
the act of May 8, 1792.

June 27, 1775. James Warren (Massachusetts).

Apr. 27,1776. William Palfrey (Massachusetts).

Jan. 17, 1771. John Pierce (Connecticut) .

May 8, 1792. Caleb Swan (Massachusetts).

July 1, 1808. Robert Brent (District of Columbia) .

Aug. 28,1819. Nathan Towson, brevet major-general, May 30, 1848 (Maryland).

June 1,1821. Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker (Massachusetts).

May 8, 1822. Col. Nathan Towson ( Maryland ) .

July 20,1854. Col. Benjamin F. Larned (Massachusetts).

Sept. 6, 1862. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Sept. 13, 1847) Timothy P. Andrews (District

of Columbia).
Nov. 29, 1864. Col. (Brig. Gen., July 28, 1866) Benjamin W. Brice (Virginia).
Jan. 1, 1872. Col. (Brig. Gen., July 22, 1876) Benjamin Alvord (Vermont) .
June 8, 1880. Brig. Gen. Nathan D. Brown (New York).
Feb. 17, 1882. Brig. Gen. William B. Rochester (New York).
Mar. 10, 1890. Brig. Gen. William Smith (Minnesota).
Mar. 26, 1895. Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Stanton (Iowa).
Jan. 30, 1899. Brig. Gen. Asa B. Carev (Connecticut).
July 12, 1899. Brig. Gen. Alfred E. Bates (Michigan) .

443

THE PA1 DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL.) CONGRESS.

June 16, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That there be one Paymaster-General, and a
deputy under him, for the Army in a separate department; that the
pay for the Pajmaster-General himself be one hundred dollars per
month, and for the deputy paymaster under him, fift} r dollars per
month.

July 27, 1775.

Resolved* That the paymaster give bond, with two sureties, in the
sum of fifty thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his
office.

That the bond be made payable to the same persons to whom the
bonds of the Continental treasurers are payable.

James Warren, esq., was then unanimously elected Paymaster-
General.

Resolved, That the paymaster in the New York Department give
bond to the same persons as above directed, with two sureties, in the
sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, for the faithful performance of
his office.

July 28, 1775.

The Congress tnen proceeded to the election of a paymaster for the
forces in the New York Department, when Jonathan Trumbull, jr. , esq.,
was unanimously elected to that office.

July 29, 1775.

/,' solved, That the Paymaster-General, . . . and every [one] of
their deputies, shall take an oath truly and faithfully to discharge the
duties of their respective stations.

December 2, 1775.

//solved, . . . That the troops in the new Army be paid
monthly.

January 9, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the deputy paymaster-general have liberty
to appoint under him two assistant paymasters, who shall each receive
26 2/3 dollars per month for their trouble and services.

445

446 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That all the officers and soldiers in the northern department he paid
in person by the deputy paymaster-general, or the assistants to be
appointed by him in consequence of the foregoing resolve.

February 15, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That a paymaster be appointed for the troops
in Virginia, and that his pay be 50 dollars per month.

The Congress then proceeded to the election, and Benjamin Harri-
son, jr., of Berkeley, was chosen.

April 21, 1776. Resignation of Paymaster-General Warren was accepted.

April 27, 1776.

Congress proceeded to the election of a Paymaster-General, in the
room of Mr. Warren, whose resignation was accepted; and the ballots
being taken and examined,

William Palfrey, esq.', was elected.

May 4, 1776. "The honorable the Continental Congress have been pleased to
appoint William Palfrey, esq., to be Paymaster-General of the Army of the United
Colonies." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.)

June 5, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General and the deputy
paymaster-general make monthly returns to Congress of their expendi-
tures and the state of the military chests in their several departments.

June 12, 1776.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy paymaster-general
for the eastern department, and, the ballots being taken,
Ebenezer Hancock was elected unanimously.

July 17, 1776.

The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy paymaster-
general for the flying camp, and, the ballots being taken,
Richard Dallam, esq., was elected.

August 2, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General and the several
deputy paymasters-general be directed to make weekly returns to
Congress of the state of the military chests under their direction.

October 21, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers
on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled,
be as follows: ...

To the . . . deputy paymaster-general, 6 rations. . . .

December 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War having procured a small
supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 447

of the . . . staff, who are not adopted hy any State: the clothier-general is to
deliver them upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and
departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November
last: . . . deputy paymaster-general." . . . (Orders, General Headquarters,
Morristown.)

January 18, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a paymaster in Baltimore, and,
the ballots being taken,

Mr. Jonathan Hudson was elected.

January 30, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the salary of . . . Jonathan Trumbull,
esq., deputy pa3 T master-general of the northern department, be aug-
mented to the sum of 75 dollars per month. . . .

April 1, 1777.

Resolved, That the pay of the assistant paymasters in the northern
department be augmented to 40 dollars a month, and that they be
allowed three rations a day.

April 2, 1777.

Resolved, That the paymaster and deputy paymaster-general, at the
end of every month after the first day of May next, shall make up
rolls containing the names of the general and other officers of the army
to which they respectively belong who are not comprised in the regi-
mental abstracts, excepting only the commander in chief of the several
departments, who shall respectively examine such rolls. . . .

AprU 9, 1777.

Resolved, That the paymaster and the deputy paymasters-general
be directed forthwith to consult the commanders in chief of their
respective districts and appoint deputies to repair to such posts and
places of rendezvous and answer the draughts of such officers stationed
thereat as the said commanders in chief shall respectively direct; that
the deputies be supplied with money by the respective paymaster and
deputy paymasters-general, and account with them therefor, and that
all other paymasters of the Army cease to act at the posts and places
provided with deputies as aforesaid.

May 27, 1777.

/ t \ .<,,/ ,-,,/. Thai the pay of the assistant deputy paymaster-general in
the Northern Army be raised to 45 dollars per month.

July 11, 1777.

I l< solved, That Mr. John Baynton be appointed deputy paymaster-

feneral to the troops and garrisons on tne frontiers of Virginia and
'ennsylvania.

448 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August 1, 1777.

Resolved, That a deput}^ pa3 T master-general be appointed in the said
State of Georgia. . . .

August 6, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of ... a deputy paymaster-
general of Georgia: Whereupon,

Resolved, That . . . Joseph Clay [be] deputy paymaster-general
in Georgia.

August W, 1777. .

Resolved, That the pay of the Paymaster-General be increased to
150 dollars a month.

That the pay of the deputy paymaster-general be increased to 75
dollars a month.

August 28, 1777.

Resolved, That the pay of the deputy paymaster-general of the
Northern, Eastern, and Southern departments be augmented to 80
dollars per month.

That the assistants to the Paymaster-General and deputy paymaster-
general whom they are respectively authorized to appoint, when such
officers shall be necessarj 7 , shall receive, for the time of their actual
service, 50 dollars a month.

That the Paymaster-General and deputy pa3'masters-general shall be
obliged, respectively, to take bond of their respective assistants
appointed by them for the faithful performance of their trust, in such
penalties as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the
department shall direct.

Septembei- 10, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a paymaster for the North
Carolina Light Horse, in the service of the continent; and, the ballots
being taken,

William Hardy was chosen.

October 4, 1777.

Resolved, That every assistant appointed, or that hereafter may be
appointed, by the deputy commissaries-general of purchases and of
issues shall enter into a bond . . . [to be] lodged with the Pay-
master-General or deputy paymaster-general of the district, to be by
him transmitted to the treasury board. . . .

November 10, 1777. General Gates was authorized to order the Paymaster-General
to pay dues to officers and men for rations allowed to them but not paid, provided
that the existing regulations of the Commissary's Department on the subject be no
longer dispensed with than he shall judge necessary.

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 449

November 22, 1777.

Resolved, That the pa} r of Jonathan Trumbull, jr. , deputy paymaster-
general of the Northern Department, be augmented to 125 dollars per
month.

January 13, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General be empowered to
appoint an assistant in his office, and a clerk for six months, in addition
to one alread} r employed by him.

That 70 dollars a month and two rations a day be hereafter allowed
to each assistant and 50 dollars a month to each clerk in the office of
the paymaster or deputy paymaster-general.

January H, 1778.

Resolved, That Ebenezer Hancock, esq., deputy paymaster-general
of the eastern district, be directed to appoint forthwith an assistant
paymaster constantly to attend to and pay the army stationed in or
near Providence for the defense of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations. ...

February 6, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That the . . . paymaster and deputy pay-
masters-general ... be directed to send, on or before the first
day of May next, and afterwards quarterly, to the respective auditors
of the Army duplicate accounts of such charges [monies charged in
their offices to persons who are to account with the respective auditors],
and to furnish them with the necessary papers and information, when
required, for executing their office. . . .

February 21, 1778.

fir. solved, That the pay of the person who executed those offices
[secretary and paymaster] in the hospital in the Middle Department be
augmented to three dollars a day.

* * *

Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be directed to consult with
General Washington on the propriety of keeping a deputy paymaster
at Baltimore, and if he shall judge such an officer unnecessary to inform
Mr. Jonathan Hudson that, the public service not requiring his further
assistance in that capacity, he is excused therefrom by Congress. . . .

March 81, 1778. "By permission of tin- honorable Congress the Paymaster-General
has appointed Thomas Reed, esq., to be Ins assistant. He is to be considered as
such, and the business of that department, in the absence of the Paymaster-General,
is to be transacted with him." {Orders, dim ml Ilmdquarters, VaUeif Forge.)

May 2 y 1778. Congress authorized the commissioners at Fort Pitt, or in their
absence the ofiircr appointed to command 00 the western frontier, to appoint a proper
person to perform the duties of paymaster to the militia of the counties of Rocking-
ham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Bottetourt, Montgomery, Washington, and Greenbrier,
in Virginia.

S. Doc. 229 29

450 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May 6, 1778.

Resolved, That William Palfrey, Paymaster-General, be allowed the
additional pay of 100 dollars a month from the date of this resolution
until Congress shall otherwise order,

June 9, 1778.

Resolved, That the value of the rations due since the 1st of January
last till the 1st inst. be estimated at one-third of a dollar; and that the
officers do present their accounts to the Paymaster-General, or deputy
paymaster-general, who shall adjust and pay the same, provided, always,
that the said officers shall make oath to their accounts respectively,
which oaths the said paymasters are hereby empowered and directed
to administer, and transmit the said accounts,with the receipts the^on,
to the Treasury.

Julu 29, 1778. Paymaster Jonathan Trumbull, jr., resigned, the northern and
southern armies being joined.

August 26, 1778.

The committee on the Treasury report;

That they have considered the extra services and peculiar circum-
stances of William Bedloe, as set forth in his memorial referred to
them, and are of opinion that he be allowed 35 dollars per month
while acting as deputy paymaster to William Palfrey, esq., Paymaster-
General, in addition to his former allowance of 50 dollars per mouth.

Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report.

October IS, 1778.

Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general in the
State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of
the deputy commissary, the deputy quartermaster, and the deputy
clothier-general in the said State (they obtaining a warrant from the
commanding officer in the Southern Department), such sum or sums
of money as may be wanting in their respective departments, each of
them to be accountable; and that the said deputy paymaster-general
transmit the accounts of the sums he may so advance to the several
officers at the heads of the above-mentioned departments.

Resolved, That the deputy commissary, the deputy quartermaster,
and the deputy clothier-general in the State of Georgia, when they
deliver their respective accounts of expenditures to the deputy pay-
master-general, do cause to be specified on the receipts of the said
accounts that the same were paid in Continental currency', and that
the sum be fully expressed in words.

Resolved, That the deputy paymaster-general be empowered and
directed to pay the officers and men belonging to the Continental
gallies in the State of Georgia the monthly wages that are and may be
due to them, transmitting at the end of every month an account of the
same to the Board of Treasury.

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 451

November &, 1778.

Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall
receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra
ration heretofore allowed them.

Janua>ry21, 1779. ."

R< solved, That the . . . paymaster or deputy paymaster-general
be authorized to provide for themselves respectively, from time to
time, a convenient house near headquarters for an office; that they
be not precluded from their choice unless by order of the Commander
in Chief or commanding officer of the department, and that no other
officers be quartered therein.

Mar eh 16, 1779.*

Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be authorized
to appoint a paymaster . . . for the said corps of wagoners which
he was empowered to organize . . .

April 17, 1779.

Ji< solved^ . . . That such regulations shall be established by
the Quartermaster-General for the . . . paying of the said corps
of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of by trie
Commander in Chief.

May 11, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who served with the Army
shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line,
provided they engage for a year or longer.

May 17, 1779.

Resolved, That the commanding officer of the detachment of the
army serving in South Carolina and Georgia be authorized to appoint
a paymaster for the said legion.

May 17, 1779. Captain Baldesqui, the present paymaster of the troops serving in
South Carolina and Georgia (Count Pulaski's legion) was to be detained until he should
have settled his accounts. As, on December 29, 1779, Congress, deeming that the cir-
camstences ol the corps lately commanded by General Count Pulaski did not require
a paymaster, anil therefore accepted Captain Baldesqui's resignation, it would seem that
the resolve of Mav 17 was not carried out. For want of regularity in keeping proper
vouchers, the auditor of account for the main army had found the settlement of the
accounts of the Pulaski legion impracticable, and, therefore, Congress passed the
resolve of that date, but June 6, on the receipt of a letter from the Paymaster-General,
it resolved that the re}>ort of the Committee on the Treasury of March (May?) 17 be
reconsidered. [I have tailed to find the report of March 17, but if the proper date
i- May 17, this would explain Captain Baldesqui remaining in service until Decem-
ber 29.]

'This resulted from the many inconveniences to the public, as well as to indi-
viduals, that have arisen from the distance of the paymaster's office from the quarters
of the commanding officer.

2 The resolve of thia date was repealed April 17, 1779.

452 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May <B<2, 1779.

Resolved, . . . Whereas the troops formerly serving in South
Carolina and Georgia are united in one body, under the same command-
ing officer, and disorder may arise from having two military chests and
paymasters in the same detachment of the army ; and Joseph Clay, esq.,
deputy pa} r master for Georgia, having represented that the money
remaining in his hands will soon be expended, and a supply having
been lately forwarded to John Lewis Jervais, deputy paymaster for
South Carolina:

Resolved, That the general commanding in South Carolina be author-
ized and directed to draw out of the hands of the said John Lewis
Jervais the balance which may be due from him to the public, and
transfer it to the care of the said Joseph Clay, who shall be considered
as the sole deputy paymaster for the troops serving in South Carolina
and Georgia, until the further order of Congress; and that Mr. Jervais
adjust and transmit his accounts to the Board of Treasury for settlement.

May 29, 1779.

Resolved, That the Paymaster-General shall keep his office in the
place where Congress may, from time to time, hold their sessions.

That he be allowed to employ as many clerks as shall be judged nec-
essary for the Board of the Treasury.

That he be authorized to superintend the several deput} T paymasters-
general, whose duty it shall be to make monthly returns to him and
reasonable applications for money for the use of the Army; to follow
his direction in the mode of keeping their accounts, and all other mat-
ters relative to their office.

That all accounts of advances made by any of the States, or any offi-
cer or person whatsoever, for the pay of the Continental Army or for
the recruiting service, shall be delivered to the deputy^ paymaster-

feneral of the district where such advances may be made; and the said
eputies are hereby directed to keep a copy of such accounts in a book
to be provided by them for that purpose, and to transmit the originals
immediately to the Paymaster-General.

That the Paymaster-General shall keep regular books and charge
therein all moneys that have been or may be advanced to the deputies
in the several departments, and when he receives their monthly returns
shall give them credit for the same, charging the several regiments or
persons to whom such advances have been made and transmitting their
accounts to the auditors of the Army, respectively.

That the auditors of the Army in the several districts make monthly
returns to the Paymaster-General of the accounts settled in their office,
particularly specifying the manner in which such accounts were bal-
anced and the date of the settlement.

That a deputy paymaster-general be appointed for the army under
the immediate command of His Excellency General Washington.

Resolved, That it be referred to the Committee on the Treasury to
consider and report the allowances of pay to be made to the deputy
paymaster-general at the main army, as well as to the deputy pay-
masters-general in the other districts, and to the clerks of the several
deputy paymasters-general.

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 453

June 7, 1779.

The Committee on the Treasury having nominated John Pierce to
the office of deputy paymaster-general to the army under the imme-
diate command of General Washington, Congress proceeded to an
election ; and the ballots being taken,

Mr. John Pierce was chosen.

The Committee on the Treasury having nominated Thomas Reed to
the office of deputy paymaster-general at Albany, Congress proceeded
to the election; and the ballots being taken,

Thomas Reed was chosen.

August 11, 1779.

Resolved, That the half pay provided by the resolution of the 15th
of May, 1778, be extended to continue for life, and that the holding of
a civil office under the United States, or any of them, shall be no bar
to prevent any officer from receiving the same.

August 18, 1779.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10
dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly
for their subsistence in lieu of those articles of f ood originally intended
for them and not furnished.

September 16, 1779.

A letter of this day from William Palfrey, Paymaster-General, was
read, informing that John Bavnton has resigned the office of paymaster
for the western district, and that it is necessary another person be
appointed to succeed him; whereupon

Congress proceeded to an election ; and the ballots being taken,
John Bowman was elected deputy paymaster for the western district,
in the room of John Baynton, resigned.

November 12, 1779.

. . . it was resolved that William Palfrey, esq. , Paymaster-Gen-
eral, as a further compensation for his services, be allowed the sum of
20,000 dollars.

lirxol rrd. That until the further order of Congress the Paymaster-
General to the armies <>f the United States be allowed at the rate of
14,000 dollars per annum.

454 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

May 3, 1780.

Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the deputy pay-
masters-general, under the Paymaster-General of the armies of the
United States, be allowed at the rate of 8/10ths per cent on the moneys
which they may pay out, respectively, to the Army; and that this
commission have retrospect from the 29th day of May, 1779, when the
pay office was last regulated; that the said allowance be in full pay-
ment for the services of themselves and assistants, and in full compen-
sation for all expenses, except one ration a day each, while at camp,
for themselves and assistants.

June U, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That Major-General Gates be, and he is hereby,
authorized to appoint ... a deputy paymaster-general . . .
[for the Southern Army].

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be
allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by
order of the commander in chief or commanding officer of a separate
army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many baggage
wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit:

* * *

Deputy paymaster, either with the main army or with a separate
army, 1 covered 4-horse wagon.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and
bathorses by these regulations, there be issued . . . :
To a . . . deputy paymaster, one; . . .

November 4, 1780. Dr. William Palfrey, late Paymaster-General, was elected con-
sul, to reside in France.

Jcmuary 17, 1781.

Congress proceeded to the election of a Paymaster-General of the
Army; and, the ballots being taken,

Mr. John Pierce was elected, having been previously nominated by
Mr. Clarke.

September 25, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be authorized and
directed to ascertain the value of a ration, from time to time, and cer-
tify the same to the Paymaster-General, who shall govern himself
accordingly in settling with the officers.

January 1, 1782. "The Paymaster-General or his deputy will, at the close of every
month, settle with the contractors [supplying the troops with provisions], and after
paying them for such articles as the officers have drawn, pay each officer . . . the
balance due him." {Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia.)

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. . 455

January 16, 1782.

Resolved, That in the settlement of the accounts of such officers of
the hospital and medical department as are entitled to an allowance
for depreciation by any resolution of Congress, the establishment of
pay made upon the 8th day of April, 1777, be considered as specie.

April 8, 1782.

Resolved, That . . . the Secretary at War . . . issue his
warrants on the Paymaster-General, in favour of each regimental pay-
master, for the pay and rations which shall appear on adjustment ot
their accounts to be due to the regiments, respectively, . . . ;
that the accounts for the pay and rations of each regiment, . . . ,
from January 1, 1782, shall be made out at the end of every month
and be transmitted to the war office for examination and warrants;

That the manner of making the payments, of keeping the accounts
and the returns of the regimental paymasters be regulated by the
Secretary at War;

That the Paymaster-General shall pay on the warrants of the Secre-
tary at War from such monies as shall be put into his hands for the
pay and rations of the troops, and to the orders of the commander in
chief, or officer commanding the Southern Army, from such monies as
shall be placed in his disposal for contingencies.

Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed empowering gen-
eral officers to draw warrants on the Paymaster-General, except that
empowering the officer commanding the Southern Army, be, and the
same are hereby, repealed.

Resolved, That there be one deputy paymaster for the Southern
Army;

That there shall be one assistant allowed to the Paymaster-General,
who shall do the duties of a clerk;

That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized to
appoint his deputy and assistant;

That the Paymaster-General immediately give bonds, with two sure-
ties, to the superintendent of finance, in the sum of 15,000 dollars, for
the faithful performance of his office.

April 22, 1782.

Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves
of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow-
ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled
to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and the} r are
hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each
officer sliull be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . .
affixed to their several ranks, viz:

* * *

Deputy paymaster, with the Southern Army, l rations per day; 11
dollars per month.

April 23, 1782.

Resolved, That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, beyond the
number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced; . . .
except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff

456 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective
departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective
ranks in the Army and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence be-
longing to their rank in the line as a compensation for their respective
services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever; . . .

May 16, 1782.

Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to appoint a deputy paymaster to reside with the Main Army.

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons
and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, . . . :
* * *

Deputy paymaster with the Main and Southern Arnry, each, one
two-horse-wagon.

* *

That there shall be allowed for saddle horses:

* *

Deputy paymaster 1 ration.

ft -*

November 20, 1782.

Ordered, That the Paymaster-General furnish the Secretary at War,
from time to time, as they may be called for by him, with the accounts
of all pay and advances received by or chargeable to the officers and
men of the several regiments in the service of the United States.

June 5, 1783. "The paymasters or agents of regiments, as soon as they have fin-
ished the accounts of their own corps, are requested to attach themselves to the
Paymaster-General if they can make it convenient, and to assist in completing the
general settlement as soon as possible." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

July 4, 1783.

Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, fully
authorized and empowered to settle and finally adjust all accounts
whatsoever between the United States and the officers and soldiers of
the American Army, so as to include all and every demand which they
or either of them may have by virtue of the several resolutions and
acts of Congress relating thereto.

September 10, 1783.

Resolved, That the Secretary at War inform the Paymaster-General
that brevet commissions do not entitle to pay or emoluments, unless
the same be expressed in the resolution granting such commissions.

June 1, 178J/..

Resolved, That in settling the accounts of the deputy paymasters in
the main and southern armies, who are appointed in pursuance of the
act of the 8th of April, 1782, they be allowed at the rate of 75 dollars
per month while they were in service, including such advances as have
been made under the head of subsistence or otherwise.

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 457

Augusts, 1785.

St -"/'' <L That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, directed
to settle with the widows and orphans of officers who did not belong
to any of the United States, entitled to 7 3'ears' half pa} T , under the
resolution of August 24, 1780, and to issue to them certificates therefor.

March 23, 1787.

JSesolved, That the services and duties of the Paymaster-General be,
and hereby are, united with those of the commissioner of army
accounts, and that the said commissioner, after the expiration of the
present quarter, be allowed, in full for his services as commissioner
and Paymaster-General, a salary at the rate of 1,250 dollars annually.

October 2, 1788.

The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Drayton,
Mr. Gilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into
the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report, and
to present to the view of Congress a summaiy statement of the various
branches of the Department of War.

* * *

3RD OF THE PAY OF THE TROOPS.

The troops have generally been paid up to the 1st of Januaiy, 1787,
and the officers have had their subsistence and forage money paid up
to the 1st of April, 1788. Both officers and soldiers appear well satis-
fied in this respect. But as about 200 noncommissioned officers and
privates will be discharged during the present year, it will be neces-
sary that the Treasury Board devise some mode to make them satisfac-
tory payment. The balance due the troops to the 1st day of July is
estimated at 65,000 dollars.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279).
AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and "War Departments.

Sec. 3. That there be a paymaster to reside near the headquarters
of the troops of the United States. That it shall be the duty of the
said paymaster to receive from the Treasurer all the moneys which shall

be intrusted to him for the purpose of paying the pay, the arrears of
pay, subsistence, or forage due to the troops of the United States. That
he shall receive the pay abstracts of the paymasters of the several regi-

ments or corps, and compare the same with the returns or muster rolls
which shall accompany the said pay abstracts. That he shall certify
accurately to the commanding officer the sums due the respective
corps, which shall have been examined as aforesaid, who shall thereon
issue his warrant on the said deputy paymaster for toe payment accord-
ingly. The copies of all reports to the commanding officer, and the
warrants thereon, shall be duly transmitted to the office of the account-

458 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ant of the War Department, in order to be there examined and finally
adjusted at the Treasury. That the said paymaster shall give bond in
the sum of twenty thousand dollars, with two sufficient sureties, for the
faithful discharge of his duty, and he shall take an oath faithfully to
execute the duties of his office. That the compensation to the said
pa} T master shall be sixtj r dollars monthly, with the same rations and
forage as a major.

Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., 483).
AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Paymaster-General . . .

* * *

Sec. 12. That the monthly pay of the officers ... of the
military establishment be as follows: . . . Paymaster-General
. . . in addition their pay in the line, twenty -five dollars . . .

Sec. 13. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations
of provisions: . . . paymaster-generals, . . . six rations,
. . . or money in lieu thereof, at the option of said officer, at the
posts, respectively, where the rations shall become due; and if at
such post supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance
as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts
and the position of the place in question.

Sec. 14. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever
forage shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the
following enumerated sums, per month, instead thereof, to wit:
. . . paymaster-generals . . . twelve dollars . . .

* * *

Sec. 23. That the general staff as authorized by this act shall con-
tinue in service until the 4th day of next March, and no longer.

Act of March 3, 1797 {1 Stats., 507).

AX ACT to amend and repeal, in part, the act entitled "An act to ascertain and fix
the military establishment of the United States."

Sec. 3. That there shall be one . . . Paymaster-General, who
shall receive the same pay and emoluments, ... . . heretofore
. . . allowed by law.

* * *

Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558).
AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army.

Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge the employment of a

. Paymaster-General . . . essential to the public interest,

he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 459

Senate, to appoint the same accordingly, who shall be entitled to the
rank, pa)-, and emoluments which follow, viz: . . . Paymaster-
General . . . the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel:
Provided, That in case the President shall judge it expedient to
appoint a . . . Paymaster-General ... in the recess of the
Senate, he is hereby authorized to make . . . said appointments
and grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the
next session of the Senate thereafter.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the . . . Paymaster-General . . . who may
be appointed by virtue of this act shall . . . continue in commis-
sion during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for
the public service; . . .

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 7^9).

AN ACT for the better organization of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 15. That the Paymaster-General of the armies of the United
States shall always quarter at or near the headquarters of the main
army, or at such place as the Commander in Chief shall deem proper;
and that, to the army on the Western frontiers and to detachments
from the main army, intended to act separately for a time, he shall
appoint deputy paymasters, who shall account to him for the money
advanced to them, and shall each give a bond in the sum of fifteen
thousand dollars, with sufficient sureties, for the faithful discharge of
their duties, respectively, and take an oath faithfully to execute the
duties of their offices. . . . And that the Paymaster-General shall
receive eighty dollars per month, with the rations and forage of a
major, in full compensation for his services and traveling expenses;
and the deputy, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, thirty
dollars per month, in full compensation for his services and traveling
expenses.

Art of April 22, 1800 (?3 Stats., 38).

AN ACT to fix the compensation of the Paymaster-General and assistant to the

Ad j utan t-General .

Sec. 1. That the Paymaster-General of the Army of the United
States shall receive one hundred and twenty dollars per month, with
the rations and forage of a major, in full compensation for his services
and traveling expenses, to be computed from the commencement of the
time of his actual residence at the seat of Government, anything in the
"Act for the better organization of the troops of the United States,
and for other purposes," to the contrary notwithstanding.

460 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).
AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one paymaster of the Army,
seven paymasters and two assistants, to be attached to such districts
as the President of the United States shall direct, to be taken from the
line of commissioned officers, who, in addition to their other duties,
shall have charge of the clothing of the troops. . . .

Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows,
to wit: To the . . . paymaster of the Army, one hundred and
twenty dollars, without any other emolument, except such stationery
as may be requisite in his department and the use of the public office
now occupied by him; . . . each paymaster attached to districts,
thirty dollars, and each assistant to such paymaster, ten dollars, in
addition to his pay in the line. . . .

* * *

Sec. 8. That . . . the Secretary of War is hereby authorized
to cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts
such surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient, which clothing
shall, under his direction, be furnished to the soldiers, when necessary,
at the contract prices and accounted for by them out of the arrears of

monthly pay.

* *

Sec. 13. That the said corps shall be paid in such manner that the
arrears shall, at no time, exceed two months, unless the circumstances
of the case shall render it unavoidable.

* * *

Sec. 16. That the Paymaster shall perform the duties of his office,
agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, for the
time being; and before he enters on the duties of the same shall give
bonds, with good and sufficient sureties, in such sums as the President
shall direct, for the faithful discharge of his said office; and shall take
an oath to execute the duties thereof with fidelity ; and it shall, moreover,
be his duty to appoint from the line, with the approbation of the
President of the United States, the several paymasters to districts and
assistants prescribed by this act; and he is hereby authorized to require
the said paymasters to districts and assistants to enter into bonds,
with good and sufficient surety, for the faithful discharge of their
respective duties.

Act of April 30, 1810 (2 Stats., 592).
AN ACT regulating the Post-Office Department.

Sec. 24. That letters and packets, to and from the following officers
of the United States, shall be received and conveyed by post, free of
postage, . . . the . . . Paymaster of the Army. . . .

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 461

Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671).

AN ACT to raise an additional military force.

* * *

Sec. 9. That . . . the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to
cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts such
surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient, which clothing shall,
under his direction, be furnished to the soldiers, when necessary, at
the contract prices and accounted for by them out of their arrears of

monthly pay.

* * *

Sec. 13. That the said corps shall be paid in such manner that the
arrears shall, at no time, exceed two months, unless the circumstances
of the case shall render it unavoidable.

Act of May 16, 1812 (2 Stats., 735).
AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States.

That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, author-
ized and empowered to appoint so many district paymasters as, in his
judgment, the service may require; and if such paymasters are taken
from the line of the Army, they shall, respectively, receive thirty
dollars per month in addition to their pay in the line: Provided, The
same shall in no case exceed the pay and emoluments of a major; and
if not taken from the line, they shall receive the same pay and emolu-
ments as a major of infantry.

Sec. 2. . . . Provided, That all district . . . paymasters
shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and give such bonds
to the United States as the Secretary for the Department of War may
direct for the faithful performance of their duties. And it shall be the
duty of the commanding officer, when requested by the paymaster, to
furnish a capable noncommissioned officer or soldier "to aid him in the dis-
charge of his duty, who, while so employed, shall receive double pay.

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784).

A N ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for

other purposes.

* # *

Sec. 2. That to any army of the United Slates, other than that in
which the . . . Paymaster of the Army shall serve, it shall be lawful
for the President to appoint . . . one deputy paymaster-general
who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall, in addi-
tion to his pay and other emoluments, be entitled to fifty dollars per
month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services.
And that there shall be, to each of the foregoing deputies, such num-
ber of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department} as
the public service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken
from the line, and who shall each be entitled to thirty dollars per
month, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in
full compensation for his extra services: And jwovided also, That the

462 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to
appoint any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the
Senate, to be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting for their
advice and consent.

Act of January 29, 1813 (2 Stats., 794).

AN ACT in addition to the act entitled "An act to raise an additional military force,"

and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the said regiments shall be paid in such manner that
the arrears shall at no time exceed two months, unless the circumstances
of the case shall render it unavoidable.

Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 816).

AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States,
and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in
advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to
the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis-
bursements, and shall moreover make such other monthly summary
statements thereof to the Secretary for the said Department as he may
prescribe. . . .

Act of March 30, 1814 {3 Stats., 113).

AN ACT for better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 20. That in no case shall the district paymasters ... be
taken from the line of the Arnry.

* * *

Act of April 18, 1814 {3 Stats., 128).

AN ACT fixing the salary of the Paymaster of the Army of the United States, and
allowing a sum for the employment of additional clerks in his office for the year
one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, and providing for the appointment of
assistant district paymasters.

That in lieu of the monthly compensation now allowed by law to the
Paymaster of the Army of the United States, he shall receive an
annual salary of two thousand dollars, to be paid quarter yearly, at
the Treasury of the United States, and to commence on the 1st day of
January last. . . .

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint
so many assistant district paymasters, not exceeding thirty, as the
public service may, in his opinion, require: Provided That the Presi-

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 463

dent of the United States shall have power to appoint any officer
authorized by this act, during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted
to them for their advice and consent at their next session.

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Paymaster of the Army,
under the direction of the War Department, to make all disburse-
ments of money within that Department to the district paymasters,
and to adjust, state, and exhibit their several accounts, according to
such forms, and within such periods, as shall be prescribed for that
purpose by the Treasury Department.

Sec. 4. That to secure the regular and punctual payment of the
troops, the district paymasters shall examine and transmit to the Pay-
master of the Army the accounts and vouchers for all disbursements
which have been made by them to the troops of the army or district
where they shall be stationed, as soon as the first payment shall have
been made, and accompany the same with an estimate for the next
payment, which accounts and estimates shall be regularly transmitted,
that settlements may be made and competent funds remitted: Provided
also, That the said district and assistant paymasters shall make pay-
ments to the militia in the service of the United States when required
by the Secretary of War or the Paymaster of the Army.

Sec. 5. That the assistant district paymasters shall receive the pay
and*emoluments of a captain of infantry and forage for one horse.

Sec. 6. That the district and assistant district paymasters shall
severally give bonds, with good and sufficient security, to the United
States for the faithful performance of their duties, in such sums as
shall be required b} r the Paymaster of the Army, under the direction
of the War Department, and shall be subject to the Rules and Articles
of War.

Sec. 7. That this act shall continue in force until the termination of
the war in which the United States are now engaged with the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof,
and for one year thereafter and no longer.

May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further
judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specific-
ally made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the spe-
cial authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge,
without material injury to the service, and that the following shall be the

(iKNERAL STAFF.

A Paymaster of the Army.

Two deputy pay mM to ro-general and two assistant deputy paymasters, to be pro-
visionallv retained.

* * *

(General Orders, A. and I. 0.'$ Office.)

Act of April 2J h 1816 (3 Stats., <207).

AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army

of the I'nitcd States.

Seo. 8. That the Pay Department shall consist -f one Paymaster-
Genera] of the Army, with the annua] salary of two thousand five
hundred dollars, and that . . . there be appointed one paymaster

464 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

to each battalion of the corps of artillery, who, . . . , in addition
to the regular and punctual payment of their respective . . .
corps, shall discharge the duties of district paymasters within such dis-
trict as shall from time to time be assigned them by the Pa} 7 master-
General, under the direction of the Secretary of War: Provided, That
. . . battalion paymasters may be taken either from the subalterns
of the Army or citizens and appointed by the President of the United
States: Provided also, That . . . battalion paj^masters shall receive
the pay and emoluments of a major, and shall be allowed a capable non-
commissioned officer as clerk, who while so employed shall receive
double pay and the actual expense of transportation while traveling
under orders in the discharge of his duty.

Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the . . . battalion pay-
masters to pay all the regular troops; and to ensure punctuality and
responsibility correct reports shall be made to the Paymaster-General
once in two months, showing the disposition of the funds previously
transmitted, with accurate estimates for the next payment of such regi-
ment, garrison, or department as may have been assigned to each; and
whenever any paymaster shall fail to transmit such estimate or neglect
to render his vouchers to the Paymaster-General for settlement of his
accounts more than six months after receiving funds he shall be recalled
and another appointed in his place.

% % %

Sec. 6. That all officers of the Pay . . . Department shall, pre-
vious to their entering on the duties of their respective offices, give
good and sufficient bonds to the United States, fully to account for all
moneys and public property which they may receive, in such sum as
the Secretary of War shall direct; and all paymasters . . . shall
be subject to the Rules and Articles of War in the same manner as com-
missioned officers: Provided also, That all officers of the Pay . .
Department be submitted to the Senate for their confirmation in the
same manner as officers of the Army.

Sec. 7. . . . : Provided, That whenever more than the author-
ized quantity is required the value of the extra articles shall be
deducted from the soldiers' pay, and in like manner the soldiers shall
receive pay according to the annual estimated value for such author-
ized articles of uniform as shall not have been issued to him in each
year: Provided also, That the manner of issuing and accounting for
clothing shall be established in the general regulations of the War
Department.

Sec. 8. That in all cases where a soldier of the Regular Army shall
have been discharged from the service of the United States, and cloth-
ing shall be due to said soldier, it shall be the duty of the Paymaster-
General to cause the same to be paid for according to the price paid in
the seventh section of this act.

Act of Ajrril 26, 1816 (3 Stats., 301).

AN ACT supplementary to an Act entitled "An act granting bounties in land and
extra pay to certain Canadian volunteers."

That instead of the Treasurer of the United States, as is prescribed
by the third section of the act to which this is a supplement, the Pay-
master of the Army of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 465

ized and required to pay each of the persons [citizens of the United
States anterior to the late war, and at its commencement inhabiting
Canada, but who during the war joined the armies of the United
States as volunteers] described in the act above recited, according to
the provisions thereof, three months' pay in addition to that to which
they may have been previously entitled, according to the rank they
respectively held in the Army of the United States during the late
war.

Act of March 3, 1817 (3 Stats., 399).

AN ACT for the relief of certain officers.

That the Paymaster-General be authorized, and is hereby required,
to pay the general staff (the volunteer aids excepted) of the governor
of the Illinois Territory, while in service in the year one thousand
eight hundred and twelve; and that to each one be allowed the pay and
emoluments of a major of infantry.

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the Uuited States.

* * *

Sec. 9. That there shall be one Paymaster-General with the present
compensation, and fourteen paymasters with the pay and emoluments
of regimental paymasters.

* * *

Act of March 2, 1827 (j. Stats., 238).

AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the . . . Paymaster-General . . . be author-
ized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of
postage. . . .

* * *

Act of July U, 1832 (4 Stats., 580).

AN ACT supplementary to the several acts making appropriation for the civil and
military service during the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.

* * *

Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the district paymasters of the
Arm}- of the United States, in addition to the payments required to be
made by them to the regular troops, to make payment to all other
troops in the service of the United States whenever required thereto
by order of the President.

Act of March 2, 1833 (4 Stats., 61$).

ipriations for the support of the Army
sand eight hundred and thirty-three.

AN AC"P making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year one thou-

" ed i

Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War be authorized, at his discretion,
out of the monies appropriated by this or any former act for the pay-

S. Doc. 229 30

466 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ment of the militia ordered into the service of the United States accord-
ing- to law during the last year, to allow and pay to the district pay-
masters of the Army of the United States employed in making such
payments a commission on the sums respectively paid by them, not
exceeding one per centum upon the amounts.

Act of July 4, 1836 (5 Stats., 117).

AN ACT authorizing the appointment of additional paymasters, and for other

purposes.

That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, author-
ized and empowered to appoint three additional paymasters, to be
attached to the Pay Department of the Army: Provided, That the
appointments be submitted to the Senate for their confirmation in the
same manner as other officers of the Army.

Sec. 2. That the officers appointed in virtue of this act shall per-
form the same duties and receive the same pay and allowances as the
present paymasters of the Army, and shall in like manner be subject
to the rules and Articles of War, and previous to entering upon the
duties of their office shall give such bonds to the United States as the
Secretary of War may direct for the faithful performance of their
duties.

Sec. 3. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of
the United States, so that the paymasters authorized by law shall not
be deemed sufficient to enable them to pay the troops with proper
punctuality, it shall be lawful for the President to assign to any officer
of the Army the duty of paymaster, who, while so assigned, shall per-
form the same duty, give the same bond, be subject to the same liability,
and receive the same emoluments as are now provided for paymaster
of the Army: Provided, however, That the number of officers so
assigned shall not exceed one for every two regiments of militia or
volunteers: And provided also, That the whole emoluments of said
officers, including their pay and allowances in the line, shall not exceed
the pay and emoluments of a paymaster.

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and

for other purposes.

Sec. 3. That so much of the act passed the twentj^-ninth day of
April, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, entitled "An act making
provision for the Corps of Engineers," as provides that one paymaster
shall be taken from the subalterns of the Corps of Engineers, be, and
the same is hereby, repealed; and that the paymaster so authorized
and provided be attached to the Pay Department, and be in every respect
placed on the footing of other paymasters of the Army.
* * *

Sec. 20. That whenever suitable noncommissioned officers or privates
can not be procured from the line of the Army to serve as paymaster's
clerks, paymasters be, and hereby are, authorized and empowered, by

THE PAY DEPAKTMENT. 467

and with the approbation of the Secretary of War, to employ citizens
to perform that duty, at salaries not to exceed live hundred dollars per

annum each.

* * *

Sec. 24. That hereafter the officers of the Pay . . . depart-
ments of the Army shall receive the pay and emoluments of officers
of cavalry of the same grades, respectively, according to which they
are now paid b} r existing laws.

Sec. 25. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service
of the United States, so that the paymasters authorized by law shall
not be deemed sufficient to enable them to pay the troops with proper
punctuality, it shall be lawful for the President to appoint as many
additional pajmasters as he shall deem necessary, who shall perform
the same dut}% give the same bond, be subject to the same liability,
and receive the same pay and emoluments as are now provided for pay-
masters of the Army: Provided, however, That the number so appointed
shall not exceed one for every two regiments of militia or volunteers:
And provided also, That the persons so appointed shall continue in
service only so long as their services are required to pay militia or vol-
unteers.

* * *

Sec. 31. That ... no officer of the line of the Army shall here-
after be employed as acting paymaster, ... if such extra employ-
ment require that he be separated from his regiment or company, or
otherwise interfere with the performance of the military duties proper:
Provided, That when officers of the Army are now employed . . .
in the . . . pay departments as contemplated in this section, they
may be continued therein not exceeding one year, unless the conven-
ience of the service will admit of their withdrawal sooner.

Act of July 7, 1838 (S Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July 5,
18o8.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:

* . * *

Ninth. That the said act shall be so construed as to allow the Pay-
master-General ... of the Army the additional rations therein
granted to officers of the line and staff for every five years' service.

August 11, 1842 (5-604). The Paymaster-General was directed to ascertain and
certify what would have been due to the militia called out by the State of Georgia,
during the Seminole, Cherokee, and Creek campaigns, or for the suppression of Indian
hostilities in Florida and Alabama, if the volunteers and militia had been duly called
and mustered into the service of the United States.

Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512).

AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 4. That within one month after the passage of this act the
offices of . . . three paymasters . . . shall be abolished, and
that number of paymasters . . . shall be discharged by the Presi-

468 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

dent, and they shall be allowed three months' pay, in addition to the

pay and emoluments to which they may be entitled at the time of their

discharge.

* *

Act of June 17, 1846 (9 Stats., 17).
AN ACT making alterations in the Pay Department of the Army.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint
three additional paymasters, to be attached to the Pay Department of
the Army.

Sec. 2. That the officers appointed in virtue of this act shall per-
form the same duties, receive the same pay and allowances as the
present paymasters of the Army, and shall, in like manner, be subject
to the rules and Articles of War, and, previous to entering upon the
duties of their office, shall give such bonds to the United States as the
Secretary of War may direct, for the faithful performance of their
duties.

Act of March 3, 181,7 (9 Stats., 184).

AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 12. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby
is, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
add to the Pay Department of the Army two deputy paymaster-
generals, with the pay and allowances, each, of a paymaster of the
Army; and the officers so appointed shall give such bonds as the
President shall, from time to time, direct: Provided, That the deputy
paymaster-generals shall, in addition to paying troops, superintend
the payment of armies in the field.

Sec. 13. That the officers of the Pay Department shall have rank
corresponding with the rank to which their pay and allowances are
assimilated: Provided, That paymasters shall not, in virtue of such
rank, be entitled to command in the line or other staff departments
of the Army : Provided also, That the right to command in the Pay
Department, between officers having the same rank, shall be in favor
of the oldest in service in the department, without regard to the date
of commission under which they may be acting at the time.

Sec. 14. That all paymasters hereafter to be appointed by the Presi
dent for the volunteer service of the United States shall be nominated
to the Senate for confirmation to such office.

* * *

Sec. 22. That all officers appointed . . . under this act shall
be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico.

Act of July 19, 18 IS (9 Stats., 24.7).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled ' ' An act supplemental to an act entitled ' An act
providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and
the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 3. That so much of . . . the act of the third March,
eighteen hundred and forty -seven, as requires the discharge at the

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 469

close of the war with Mexico of . . . the two deputy paymasters,
as authorized by the twelfth section of the last-mentioned act, . .
be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy
happening under the provisions so repealed shall be filled up until
further authorized by law: And jwovided further, That the ten addi-
tional paymasters appointed in virtue of the said foregoing act of third
March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, shall be retained in service
until the fourth day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine.
* * *

July 29, 1848 (9-339). Paymaster-General to establish regulations for the pay-
ment of the three months' extra pay allowed to officers and men who served in the
Mexican war, by the act of July 19, 1848 (9-247).

Act of August 12, 18^8 {9 Stats., 303).
AN ACT concerning the Pay Department of the Army.

That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized to allow
any of the paymasters of the Army who shall have been employed in
the payment of volunteers during the late war with Mexico such a
commission not exceeding one-half of one per centum on all sums dis-
bursed by them as aforesaid as he shall deem a reasonable compensa-
tion for the risk and labor attending such service: Provided, That the
said commission to any one paymaster shall not exceed one thousand
dollars per annum from the commencement to the close of the war.

Sec. 2. That the said Paymaster- General may, in his discretion,
allow to any paymaster's clerk, in lieu of the pay now allowed by law,
an annual salary of seven hundred dollars.

Act of March 2, 18^9 (9 Stats., 350).

AN ACT concerning the Pay Department of the Army.

That the Pay Department of the Army shall consist of a Paymaster-
General, who shall have the rank of colonel, and the same pay and
allowances as are at present provided by law, and the same tenure of
office as the heads of other disbursing departments of the Army; two
deputy paymasters-general with the same rank, pay, and allowances as
are now provided by law for such officers, and the same tenure of office
as officers of like grade in other disbursing departments of the Army,
and twent}r-five paymasters, with the same rank, pay, and allowances
as are now provided by law for such officers, and the same tenure of
office as officers of like grade in other disbursing departments of the
Army. That it shall be the duty of all disbursing officers of the Pay
Department to renew their bonds, or furnish additional security, at
least once in four years or as much oftener as the President may direct.
That the officers of the Pay Department provided for by the first sec-
tion of this act shall consist of the Paymaster-General, the two deputy
paymasters-general now in commission, the fifteen paymasters who
were in service under the acts in force at the commencement of the
war with Mexico, and ten paymasters to be selected from the additional
paymasters now in service, and the thirteen paymasters authorized by
the acts of the seventeenth of June, eighteen hundred and forty-six,
and the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven.

July 29, 1850 (9-562). Settlement of claims for extra nay granted to officers and
men who served in the Mexican war, transferred from the Pay Department to the
Second Auditor of the Treasury.

470 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

Act of March, 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595).

AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and disabled
soldiers of the Army of the United States.

* -x-

Sec. 2. That . . . the Paymaster-General . . . shall be
ex officio commissioner of the same.

* * *

Act of August 31, 1852 (10 Stats., 105).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.

* * -x-

Sec. 5. That paymasters' clerks shall be entitled to receive one
ration per day when on duty at their stations, to be commuted at the
price now authorized when traveling on duty.

* * *

March 3, 1859 {11-431). Board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home reduced;
Paymaster-General no longer a member thereof.

March 19, 1862 {12-616). The Paymaster-General to apply moneys appropriated
by any State for the payment of its volunteers, for the payments designated by the
legislative act making the appropriation, in the same manner as if appropriated by
Congress.

March 3, 1863 {12-825). The Paymaster-General was directed to take immediate
measures for the prompt payment ( within sixty days from the passage of the resolu-
tion) of the sick and wounded soldiers in convalescent camps, hospitals, and else-
where.

Act of June 20, 1864. (13 Stats., 1U).

AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That from and after the passage of this act the pay of
clerks of paymasters in the Army of the United States shall be twelve
hundred dollars per annum without rations.

Act of June 25, 1861,. (13 Stats., 181).
AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army.

That every . . . paymaster and additional paymaster shall, as
soon as practicable, be ordered to appear for examination as to his
qualifications before a board to be composed of three staff officers of
the corps to which he belongs, of recognized merit and fitness, of
whom two at least shall be officers of volunteers, which board shall
make a careful examination as to the qualifications of all officers who
may appear before them in pursuance of this act, and shall also keep
minutes and make a full and true record of the examination in each
case. And all members of such boards of examination shall, before
proceeding to the discharge of their duties as herein provided, swear
or affirm that they will conduct all examinations with impartiality, and
with a sole view to the qualifications of the person or persons to be
examined, and that they will not divulge the vote of any member upon
the examination of any officer who may appear before them.

Sec. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened under
the direction of the Secretary of War, by the . . . Paymaster-

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 471

General, at convenient places; and general rules of examination and a
standard of qualifications shall be prescribed by said officers, subject to
the approval of the Secretary of War, and shall be published in gen-
eral orders.

Sec. 3. That after such general orders shall have been published
for sixty days, if any officer who shall then be ordered before a board
of examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty
days, after receiving such special order, to report himself as directed,
all his pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited until he does
appear and report for examination; and if he shall still thereafter fail
for a further period of thirty days so to appear, he shall thereupon be
dropped from the rolls of the Army: Provided, however. That if such
failure to appear and report shall have been occasioned by wounds or
sickness, or other physical disability, then there shall be no forfeiture
of pay until thirty days after such disability has been removed; but if
in sixty days after the disability is removed the officer shall not report
himself, he shall then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases.

Sec. 4. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer
does not possess the requisite business qualifications they shall forward
the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau
to which he may belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve
the finding and report of the board he shall forward the same through
the Secretary of War to the President of the United States, and if the
President shall confirm the same the officer so failing in his examina-
tion shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the service with one
month's pay, and if not yet commissioned his appointment shall be
revoked. And if the board shall report that any officer fails to pass a
satisfactory examination by reason of intemperance, gambling, or other
immorality, and if the head of the bureau snail approve the finding and
report of the board, and the same being communicated, as before pro-
vided, to the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall
be dismissed from the service without pay and shall not be permitted
to reenter the service as an officer: Provided^ That such dismissal shall
not relieve him from liability under existing laws for any offense he
may have committed.

Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their rec-
ords of examination to the heads of the bureaus to which they apper-
tain, and such records shall be filed in the proper bureaus with a suit-
able index, and any officer who may desire it shall be entitled to receive
a copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying
the same.

March 3, 1865 (13-495). Amount due for rations sold to officers in the field to be
reported monthly to the Paymaster-General, to be deducted from payment next
following such purchases; settelment for tobacco sold to enlisted men to be deducted
from their pay in same manner as provided for the settlement of clothing accounts.

Act of July 28, 1866 l (U State., 310).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 15. That in the payment of the additional bounty herein pro-

1 Section 12 grants $100 Ixmnty to nun enlisted after April 19, 1861, who served
faithfully for three years, and section 1!{ 850 bounty to men enlisted after April 14,
1861, who served two years or were discharged for wounds received in line of duty,
and to widows, etc., of such as died in the service.

472 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEJRAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

vided for it shall be the duty of the Paymaster-General, under such
rules and regulations as may be prescribed bj^ the Secretary of War,
to cause to be examined the accounts of each and every soldier who
makes application therefor, and if found entitled thereto shall pay
said bounties.

Act of July 28, 1866 {11, Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 18. That the Pay Department of the Army shall hereafter con-
sist of one Paymaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of
a brigadier-general; two assistant paymasters-general, with the rank,
pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; two deputy paymasters-
general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of
cavalry; and sixty paymasters, with the rank, pa} r , and emoluments of
majors of cavalry, to be selected from persons who have served as
additional pa} r masters.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the . . . Paymaster-General . . . shall here-
after be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong,
and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by this act in
the Pay . . . departments until he shall have passed the exami-
nation now required by law.

* * *

Sec. 25. That [the cost of articles purchased from the Subsistence
Department by officers and men] if not paid for when purchased,
. . . the amount due the Government shall be deducted by the
paymaster at the payment next following such purchase: Provided,
That this section shall not go into effect until the first day of July,
eighteen hundred and sixty -seven.

Act of March 2, 1867 {11, Stats., 1,85).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other purposes.

Sec. 7. That the Paymaster-General be authorized to pay, under such
regulations as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, in addition to the
amount received by them, for the traveling expenses of such California
and Nevada volunteers as were discharged in New Mexico, Arizona,
and Utah, and at points distant from the place or places of enlistment,
such proportionate sum according to the distance travelled as have
been paid to the troops of other States similarly situated. . . .

March 2, 1867 {14-371). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the
Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons.
This not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of
debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 473

Act of March 16, 1868 (15 Stats., 1$).

AN ACT to facilitate the settlement of paymasters' accounts.

That the proper accounting officers of the Treasury be, and they
are hereby, authorized, in the settlement of accounts of paymasters of
the Arm}', to allow such credits for overpayments made in good faith
on public account since the commencement of the rebellion, and prior
to the passage of this act, as shall appear to them to be just, by such
vouchers and testimony as they shall require.

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year

ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

* -x- *

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions . . . in the Pay Department . . .

March 3, 1869 {15-334). All bounty claims remaining in the office of the Pay-
master-General on May 1, 1869, to be transferred to the Second Auditor for settle-
ment.

May 15, 1872 (17-117). Paymasters to issue deposit books to enlisted men deposit-
ing their savings with them in sums not less than five dollars; four per cent interest
allowed on sums not less than fifty dollars on deposit for six months or more; system
of deposits to be regulated by the Secretary of War; amount of deposits and cloth-
ing balances payable; on discharge, out of the appropriations for "pay of the Army"
for the then current fiscal year.

Act of June 1>, 1872 (17 Stats., 219).
AX ACT to enable the President to appoint a Paymaster-General of the Army.

That the sixth section of the act of third March, eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine, making appropriations for the support of the Army, is
so far modified that the President is hereby authorized to appoint a
Piivmaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel,
said appointment to date from the time the appointee assumed the
duties of the office, to fill the vacancy now existing.

Act of March 2, 1875 (18 Stats., 338).
AN ACT fixing the number of paymasters in the Army of the United States.

That the number of paymasters is hereby established at fifty, instead
of sixty, as was designated in the eighteenth section of the act of July
twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six; said paymasters to
have the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry.

Sec. 2. That so much of said eighteenth section as relates to the
persons from whom said paymasters shall be elected be, and is hereby,
repealed.

Resolution of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 521i).

JOINT RESOLUTION explanatory of an act entitled "An act fixing the number of

Eaymasters in the Army of the United States," approved March second, eighteen
undred and seventy-five.

That the intent and meaning of an act entitled "An act fixing the
number of paymasters in the Army of the United States," approved

474 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

March two, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, was to authorize the
appointment of such additional number of paymasters with the rank
of major as will mak the total number of paymasters with the rank of
major fifty, and no more. And so much of section eleven hundred and
ninety-four of the Revised Statutes as applies to the paymasters of the
rank of major be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Act of July 22, 1876 (19 Stats., 95).

AN ACT establishing the rank of the Paymaster-General.

That from and after the passage of this act the rank of the Paymas-
ter-General of the United States Army shall be brigadier-general; but
no pay or allowances shall be made to said officer other than from the
date of appointment under this act.

July 24, 1876 (19-97). Appropriations under head " Pay Department " to be
accounted for by disbursing officers under the title "Pay, etc., of the Army, 1877,"
so that the total amount shall not be exceeded.

March 3, 1877 (19-270), repeals section 1194, Revised Statutes, now applying only to
grades in the Pay Department above rank of major.

December 15, 1877 (20-7). All papers in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, etc.,
relating to payment of bounties, etc., to be turned over to the Paymaster-General.

REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

A Pay Department.

* *

Sec. 1182. The Pay Department of the Army shall consist of one
Paymaster-General, with the rank of colonel; two assistant paymas-
ters-general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; two deputy paymas-
ters-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and sixty
paymasters, with the rank of major of cavalry.

Sec. 1183. Officers of the Pay Department shall not be entitled, in
virtue of their rank, to command in the line or in other staff corps.

Sec. 1184. When volunteers or militia are called into the service of
the United States, and the officers of the Paj'master's Department are
not deemed b} r the President sufficient for the punctual payment of
the troops, he may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, and add to said corps as many paymasters, to be called addi-
tional paymasters, with the rank of major, not exceeding one for every
two regiments of volunteers or militia, as he may deem necessary.

Sec. 1185. Additional paymasters shall be retained in service only
so long as they may be required for the payment of volunteers and
militia, as provided herein.

Sec. 1186. The Paymaster-General shall perform the duties of his
office under the direction of the President.

Sec. 1187. The deputy paymasters-general shall, in addition to pay-
ing troops, superintend the payment of armies in the field.

Sec. 1188. The paymasters and additional paymasters shall pay the
regular troops, and shall pa}' all other troops in the service of the
United States when required to do so by order of the President.

Sec. 1189. The Army shall be paid in such manner that the arrears

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 475

shall at no time exceed two months, unless circumstances shall render
further arrears unavoidable.

' Sec. 1190. Paymasters and additional paymasters shall be allowed
a capable noncommissioned officer or private as clerk. When suitable
noncommissioned officers or privates can not be procured from the line
of the Army, they are authorized, b}' and with the approbation of the
Secretary of War, to employ citizens as clerks, at a salary of twelve
hundred dollars a year.

Sec. 1191. All officers of the . . . Pay Department . . .
shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give
good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the
Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public
moneys and property which the}' may receive. The President may,
at any time, increase the sums so prescribed. . . .

Sec. 1192. All disbursing officers of the Pay Department shall renew
theii bonds or furnish additional security at least once in four years,
and as much oftener as the President ma} T direct.

Sec. 1193. The . . . Paymaster-General shall be appointed by
selection from the corps to which they belong.

Sec. 1191. x Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions ... in the Pay . . .
departments.

* * *

Sec. 1299. Paymasters to deduct amount due by officers* for rations purchased on
credit from the payment made next after such purchase shall have been reported to
the Paymaster-General.

Sec. 1300. Paymasters to deduct amount due by enlisted men for articles purchased
on credit from the Subsistence Department from the payment made next after such
purchase shall have been reported to the Paymaster-General.
* - * *

Sec. 1305. Paymasters to issue deposit books to enlisted men who may deposit
their savings with them in sums not less than five dollars.

Sec. 1306. Four per cent interest allowed on sums not less than fifty dollars on
deposit for six months or more.

BBC. 1307. System of deposits to be regulated by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 1308. Amounts of deposits and clothing balances payable, on discharge, out of
the appropriations for "pay of the Army" for the current fiscal year.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1883 {%2 Statu., 456).

A \ A ( T making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes.

PAY DEPARTMENT.

For pay of the Army. . . . Provided, That vacancies that
may hereafter occur in the Pay Corps of the Army in the grades of
lieutenant-colonel and major, by reason of death, resignation, dismissal,
or retirement, shall not be filled by original appointment until the Pay

'So much of this section as applies to paymasters of the rank of major was repealed
by joint resolution of March :', 1S75. The act of March 3, 1877, repeals the whole of
this section so far as it applies to the Pay Department.

476 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Corps shall by such vacancies be reduced to forty paymasters, and the
number of the Pay Corps shall then be established at forty, and no
more, . . .

Act of July 5, 1884 (23 Stats., J 07).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

Pay Department. . . . Provided, That hereafter any pay-
master of the rank of major who has served twenty years in the
United States Army as a commissioned officer may, upon his own
application or by direction of the President, be placed upon the retired
list of the Army until the Pay Department shall be reduced to thirty-
five members, as follows: One Paymaster-General, with the rank of
brigadier-general; two assistant paymasters-general, with the rank of
colonel; three deputy paymasters-general, with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel, and twenty-nine paymasters, with the rank of major; and no
more appointments of paymasters shall be made in the Pay Department
until the number shall be reduced below twenty-nine majors, and
thereafter the number of officers in the Pay Department shall not
exceed thirty-five: Provided further, That nothing herein shall be
construed to change +he present relative rank of any officer now in the
Pay-Corps. . . .

* * *

August G , 1894 {28-233). Sums known as detained pay shall, when repaid, become
a charge against the fund "pay of the Army" for the year in which enlisted men
have been or may be discharged.

Act of July 16, 1892 1 (27 Stats., 174).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending

June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for other purposes.

* * -x-

Pay Department. . . . Provided, That no appointments shall
be made to the grade of major in the Pay Department of the Army
until the number of majors in that department is reduced below
twenty -five, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade in the
Pay Department shall be fixed at twenty-five: And provided further,
That the Secretary of War is also authorized to arrange for the pay-
ment of the enlisted men serving at posts or places where no pay-
master is on duty, by check or by currency, to be sent to them by
mail or express at the expense and risk of the United States.

Act ofFehruary 27, 1893 (27 Stats., 478).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending

June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-lour, and for other purposes.

* * *

Pay Department. . . . Provided, That hereafter no appoint-
ments shall be made to the grade of major in the Pay Department of

1 Number of paymaster clerks to be reduced one for every paymaster reduced.
Provision repeated by act of February 27, 193.

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 477

the Army until the number of majors in that department is reduced
below twenty-five, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade
in the Pay Department shall be fixed at twentj^-five. . . .

Act of February 12, 1895 (28 Stats., 654).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and for other purposes

FOR PAY OF GENERAL STAFF.

Pay Department. . . . Provided, That there shall be no
appointment of major in the Pay Department until the number of
officers in that grade shall be reduced below twenty, and thereafter
the number of such officers in that grade shall be fixed at twenty.

Act of May 4, 1898 (30 Stats., 390).

AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for sup-
port of the Army for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and for
other purposes.

PAY DEPARTMENT.

* * *

All the money hereinbefore appropriated under '"Pay Department,"
except for "mileage to officers," shall be disbursed and accounted for
by the Pay Department as pay of the Army, and for that purpose
shall constitute one fund.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

A N ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of ... a Pay Department, . . .

* * *

Sec. 7. That the . . . Pay Department . . . shall consist
of the officers . . . now provided by law: . . . And provided
also, That no person in civil life shall hereafter be appointed a . . .
paymaster, . . . until he shall have passed satisfactorily such
examination as to his moral, mental, and physical qualifications as may
be prescribed by the President; and no such person shall be appointed
who is more than forty-four years of age: Provided fwrtKer. That in
case of the appointment of an officer who has served in a similar capac-
ity during the war with Spain and has demonstrated his moral, mental,
and physical qualifications for the position, then such examination shall
not be required.

478 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 14. That the President is hereb} 7 authorized to continue in serv-
ice, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *

Thirtv additional paymasters, with the rank of major.

* * *

May 26, 1900 {31 ). Allotments of pay of enlisted men to pass to the credit of
disbursing officer, when paid one month subsequent to the month in which such
allotments accrued, if he has used due diligence in obtaining and using all informa-
tion that may have been received at the War Department relative to the grantors.
Paymaster-General to collect erroneous payments made because of the failure of the
proper officer to report whatever facts rendered allotment made unpayable.

Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States . . . shall consist of . . .a Pay Department. . .

* * *

Sec. 19. . '. . Payments to the Nurse Corps shall be made by
the Pay Department.

* *

Sec. 21. That the Pay Department shall consist of one Paymaster-
General with the rank of brigadier-general, three assistant paymasters-
general with the rank of colonel, four deputy paymasters-general with
the rank of lieutenant-colonel, twenty paymasters with the rank of
major, and twenty -five paymasters with the rank of captain, mounted:
Provided, That all vacancies in the grade of colonel and lieutenant-
colonel created or caused by this section shall be filled by promotion
according to seniority, as now prescribed bylaw, and no more appoint-
ments to the grade of major and paymaster shall be made until the
number of majors and paymasters is reduced below twenty: And pro-
vided, That persons who have served in the Volunteer Army since
April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as additional
paymasters may be appointed to positions in the grade of captain,
created by this section. So long as there remain surplus majors an
equal number of vacancies shall be held in the grade of captain, so
that the total number of paymasters authorized by this section shall
not be exceeded at any time.

* * *

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma-
nent appointments in the . . . Pay Department, . . . includ-
ing those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain
and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seven-
teen, twenty-one, and twenty -four of this act, they shall be promoted
according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law,
and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to appty to vacancies
which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the
officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any
vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall
occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section,
it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more

THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 479

permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps
after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled.
Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist,
under such system of examination as the President may from time to
time prescribe.

All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the
expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line,
and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be
eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have
served two years with the line.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff
corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at
large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office
for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments the chief of such staff corps or
department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line trans-
ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this
act shall be filled b}^ promotion in the line until the total number
detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart-
ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the
staff shall be. filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If
under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any
particular arm of the service atany time exceeds the number authorized
by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the
number has been reduced to that authorized.

Act of March 2, 1901 {31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.

* * *

/'/onided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in
the grade of captain in the . . . Pay Department may be made
from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-first,
eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . .

IX.-THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.

S. Doc. 229 31 481

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.

The earliest records relative to what is now known as the Corps of
Engineers are very incomplete, but the journals of the Continental
Congress indicate the gradual development of the corps under the

Eeculiar conditions then existing. Thus, on June 16, 1775, the day
efore the battle of Bunker Hill, one chief engineer and two assist-
ants were authorized for the ''Grand Army,*' and one chief engineer
and two assistants u in a separate department."

The first formal establishment of a Corps of Engineers dates from
March 11, 1779. The corps was disbanded in November, 1783, but
partially revived May i), 1791, and perfected by the act of March 16,
1802. In the earlier period of its organization the duties now per-
taining to the Corps of Engineers were divided between two different
branches, but although, as early as July 25, 1777, a ' ' geographer and sur-
veyor of the roads" was authorized, the special functions of topograph-
ical enginers were not specifically provided for until the act of March
3, 1813, authorizing eight topographical engineers and eight assistants.
In August, 1818, a separate Topographical Bureau was established in
the War Department, under the immediate direction of the Secretary
of War and the Chief Engineer. June 21, 1831, the Topographical
Bureau was constituted by the Secretary of War a distinct bureau of
the War Department; and by the act of July 5, 1838, an independent
corps of topographical engineers was created. It was abolished by
the act of March 3, 1863, and merged into the Corps of Engineers.

June, 1775. Col. Richard Gridley (Massachusetts).

Aug. 5, 1776. Col. Rufus Putnam (Massachusetts).

July 22, 1777. Col. (Brig. Gen., Nov. 17, 1777; Maj. Gen., Nov. 16, 1781) Louis du

Portail (France).
Feb. 26, 1795. Lieut. Col. Stephen Rochefontaine (France), commanding corps of

artillerists and engineers.
May 7, 1798. Lieut. Col. Henry Burbeck (Massachusetts), commanding corps of

artillerists and engineers.
July 8, 1802. Lieut. Col. (Col., Feb. 23, 1808) Jonathan Williams (Pennsylvania).
July 31, 1812. Col. Joseph G. Swift (Massachusetts).
Nov. 12, 1818. Col. Walker K. Armistead (Virginia).
Jane 1, 1821. Col. Alexander Macomb (New York).
Mav 24, 1828. Col. Charles Gratiot (Missouri Territory).
Dec. 7, 1838. Col. Joseph G. Totten (Connecticut).
Apr. 22, 1864. Brig. Gen. Richard Delafield (New York).
Aug. 8, 1866. Brig. (Jen. Andrew A. Humphreys (Pennsylvania).
June 30, 1879. Brig. (Jen. Horatio*;. Wright (Connecticut).
Mar. 6, 1884. Brig. (Jen. John Newton (Virginia).
Oct. 11, 1886. Brig. Gen. James C. Duane (New York).
July 6, 1888. Brig. < Jen. Thomas I,. Casey (Rhode Island).
May 10, 1895. Brig. Gen. William P. Craighill (Virginia).
Feb. 1, 1897. Brig. Gen. John M. Wilson (Washington Territory).

483

484 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

1777-1783.
Geographer.

July 25, 1777. Mr. Robert Erskine.
Dec. 4, 1780. Mr. Simeon De Witt.
May 4, 1781. Mr. Thomas Hutchins, for the southern army.

1813-1838.

Topographical Engineers.

Apr. 12, 1813. Bvt. Lieut. Col. John Anderson 1 (Vermont).
Sept. 14, 1834. Bvt. Lieut. Col. John J. Abert (Virginia).

1838-1863.

Corps of Topographical Engineers.

July 7, 1838. Col. John J. Abert (Virginia).

Sept. 9, 1861. Col. Stephen H. Long (New Hampshire).

1 While Colonel Anderson was the senior topographical engineer until his death in
1834, the Army Register for 1829 gives Maj. Isaac Roberdeau, T. E., as in charge
of the Topographical Bureau. At his death, January 15, 1829, Major Roberdeau
was succeeded in that charge by Colonel Abert.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

June 16, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That there be one Chief Engineer at the Grand
Army, and that his pay be sixty dollars per month.

That two assistants be employed under him, and that the pay of each
of them be twenty dollars per month.

That there be one Chief Engineer for the Army, in a separate
department, and two assistants under him; that the pay of the Chief
Engineer be sixty dollars per month, and the pay of the assistants
each twenty dollars per month.

October 3, 1775.

Resolved, That the committee appointed to repair to the camp do
confer with Mr. Rittenhouse and enquire of him whether he appre-
hends he can be of service to the continent as an engineer, and if he
can, to engage him, and desire he would, with all convenient speed,
repair to the camp.

January 16, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That if General Washington think proper, Colo-
nel R. Gridley be continued chief engineer in the army at Cambridge.

That the pay of the assistant engineers in the army at Cambridge
be 26 dollars and two-thirds per month.

March 28, 1776.

Resolved, That two engineers be employed for the Southern Depart-
ment.

March 30, 1776.

The committee proceeded to the election of two engineers for the
Southern Department; and jthe ballots being taken,
John Stadler and Monsieur Massenback were elected.

April 26, 1776.

AV.W/7'//, Thai Mr. Baldwin, the assistant engineer, ordered to
Canada, be allowed, in consideration of his merit, the pay and rank of
lieutenant-colonel on the Continental establishment.

485

486 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

April 29, 1776.

Major Wrixon declined commission of Chief Engineer.

May 18, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the pay of the deputy engineers be raised
to 30 dollars a month, and that they be allowed rations for themselves
and forage for their horses when in camp or necessarily absent on
Continental duty.

June 26, 1776.

Resolved, That Mons. Antoine Felix Weibert, who applies to be
employed as an engineer in the Continental Army, be recommended to
General Washington as a person who appears to be -qualified to act in
that capacity; but as he asks no more at present than to be placed in
a situation in which he may be enabled to evidence his ability, that
the General be desired to employ him in such a way as he shall judge
will best conduce to the good of the service and answer Mons. Wei-
bert's request.

July 16, 1776.

Resolved, That Monsieur Kermo van be appointed an engineer in the
Continental service, with the pay of 60 dollars a month and the rank of
lieutenant-colonel.

July 23, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Monsieur St. Martin be appointed an engi-
neer, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and that he be directed to
repair to New York and put himself under the command of General
Washington.

July 29, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Mons. Christopher Pelliser, who has suf-
fered considerably by warmly espousing and taking an active part in
the cause .of America, in Canada, be appointed an engineer in the serv-
ice of the United States, with the pay of 60 dollars a month and rank
of lieutenant-colonel.

August 5, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Lieutenant-Colonel Rufus Putnam be ap-
pointed an engineer, with the rank of colonel and pay of 60 dollars a
month.

August 12, 1776. "The Congress have likewise been pleased to appoint Rufus
Putnam, esqr., an engineer, and have given him the rank of colonel of the Army."
( Orders, General Headcjuarters, New York. )

August U, 1776.

Resolved, That Monsieur Weibert, now serving in the Continental
Army at New York as an engineer, be appointed assistant engineer,
with the rank and pay of lieutenant-colonel.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 487

September 5, 1776.

Resolved, That Jeduthan Baldwin, esq., be appointed an engineer
in the Continental Army, with the rank of colonel and pay of 60 dol-
lars a month.

- September 19, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Monsieur Jean Louis Imbret, a gentleman
well recommended as an engineer, be sent to General Washington to
be employed in that capacity in order to show his abilities, and that
one month's pay as a captain be advanced for his expenses.

October 18, 1776.

Resolved, That Thaddeus Kosciuszko be appointed an engineer in
the service of the United States, with the pay of sixty dollars a month
and the rank of colonel.

April 12, 1777.

Resolved, That the Count de Vrecourt be appointed an engineer in
the service of the United States, with the rank and pay of a colonel.

May U, 1777.

Resolved . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in
any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities
of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think proper,
to the . . . chief engineer and his assistants; . . . Provided,
alwaj^s, that if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or
assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general order
hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many
horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no
forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor .shall
they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back allowance
or any money in lieu thereof.

May 2'2, 1777.

Resolved, That Louis Floury, engaged by our commissioners in France,
be sent as a captain of engineers to General Washington. . . .

July 8, 1777.

Resolved, That the treaty made by the commissioners in France on
the 13th day of February hist he coniirmed as fur as it respects the
Chevalier du Portail, Mons. de la Radiere, and Mons. de Gouvion; the
first to be a colonel, the second a lieutenant-colonel, and the third
major of engineers.

July n, 1777.

Resolved, That the Chevalier du Portail, colonel of engineers, take
lank and eommand of all engineers heretofore appointed.

488 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

July 25, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to
appoint Mr. Robert Erskine, or any other person that he ma}^ think
proper, geographer and surveyor of the roads, to take sketches of the
country, the seat of war, and to have the procuring, governing, and
paying the guides employed under him; the General to fix the pa} T of
the said geographer, etc. , and the allowance that shall be made to the
guides.

September 17, 1777. Mr. Charles Tronson du Coudray, having been drowned in
attempting to cross the Schuylkill, Congress ordered his interment at the expense of
the United States. On August 11a committee of four Messrs. Wilson, Duane, Hey-
ward, and S. Adams had been appointed to define the powers to be granted him, but
his death stopped further action, and there is no record that the committee ever
made a report.

October 2, 1777. The treaty made by Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane at Paris,
February 17, 1777, was ratified so far as relating to Mons. de Laumoy.

JVovember 17, 1777.

Resolved, That the Chevalier du Portail be appointed to the rank of
brigadier-general, Mons. de Laumoy and Mons. de la Radiere to that
of colonel, and Mons. Gouvion to that of lieutenant-colonel in the Army
of the United States, the said gentlemen to be employed, as heretofore,
in the capacity of engineers.

November 26, 1777.

Resolved, That Monsieur Fleury, in consideration of the disinter-
ested gallantry which he has manifested in the service of the United
States, be promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army.

January 1, 1778.

Resolved, That the Chevalier De Villefranche be appointed major in
the Corps of Engineers, under the command of the Brigadier Du Portail.

February 11, 1778.

Resolved, . . . The ... in the grand army, with the Chief
Engineer, . . . shall be a subordinate board of ordnance, under
the direction of the Commander in Chief or the board of war and ord-
nance, for transacting {ill business of the Ordnance Department neces-
sary to be done in the field, and to have the care of all ordnance and
stores at camp. ....

* * *

Resolved, That Captain Ferdinand De Brahm, who has heretofore
acted as an engineer in the State of South Carolina, be appointed an
engineer in the Continental establishment, with the rank of major in
the armies of the United States.

April 16, 1778.

Resolved, That a commission of captain be granted to Mr. Capitaine
in the Corps of Engineers in the service of the United States of Amer-
ica, and that he rank from the 1st of December, 1776.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 489

May 27, 1778.

Resolved, That in the Engineering Department three companies be
established, each to consist of

1 captain 50 dollars pay per month.

3 lieutenants, each 33 do. do.

4 sergeants, each 10 do do.

4 corporals, each 9 do do.

60 privates, each 8J do. do.

These companies to be instructed in the fabrication of fieldworks
as far as relates to the manual and mechanical part. Their business
shall be to instruct the fatigue parties to do their duty with celerity
and exactness, to repair injuries done to the works by the enemy's
fire, and to prosecute works in the face of it; the commissioned offi-
cers to be skilled in the necessary branches of mathematics, the non-
commissioned officers to write a good hand.

June 9, 1778. "Three captains and nine lieutenants are wanted to officer the com-
pany of sappers. As the corps will be a school of engineering, it opens a prospect to
such gentlemen as enter it, and will pursue the necessary studies with diligence, of
becoming engineers and rising to the important employments attached to that pro-
fession, such as the direction of fortified places, etc. The qualifications required of
the candidates are that they be natives, and have a knowledge of the mathematics
and drawing, or, at least, be disposed to apply themselves to those studies. They
will give in their names at headquarters." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley
Forge. )

June 13, 1778.

Resolved, That Mons. du Cambray be annexed to the Corps of
Engineers, commanded by Brigadier Du Portail, with the rank and
pay of a lieutenant-colonel.

September 18, 1778.

Resolved, That Mons. Bechet de Roche Fontaine be appointed a
captain in the Corps of Engineers, and that his commission be dated
the 15th day of May last.

January 1, 1779. 1

Resolved, That Brigadier Du Portail and Messrs. de La Radiere, de
Laumoy, and de Gouvion be retained in the service of the United States
as engineers for another campaign, if agreeable to their inclination
and permission can be obtained from His Most Christian Majesty or
his minister plenipotentiary.

Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to confer with Mons.
Gerard on the subject, and in case Brigadier Du Portail and the other
engineers shall conclude to remain in the service of the United States
that the board report to Congress a proper arrangement and appoint-
ment for the Corps of Engineers.

1 General Washington had expressed his opinion of the merit and abilities of Brig-
adier-General Du Portail, as being well acquainted with the branch he professes, and
a gentleman of real knowledge in military science in general; had also a very favor-
able opinion of Messrs. de La Radiere, de Laumoy, and de Gouvion, who had served
with reputation as engineers in the Army of the United States; and had represented
that, in his judgment, they would be necessarvand useful in future operations. The
Board of War was directed to confer with the French minister and, in case these
officers concluded to remain in the service, to report to Congress a proper arrange-
ment and appointment for the Corps of Engineers.

490 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

January 13, 1779.

Resolved, That Mons. John Barnard de Murnand be appointed a
major in the Corps of Engineers, to take rank as such from the 1st day
of March last and to receive pay and subsistence from the It day of
February last, the latter being the time he was employed by Brigadier
Du Portail and the former the time he was directed by the Commander
in Chief to act as major.

March 9, 1779. "Captain Jeremiah Brewen is to superintend the artificers during
the absence of Col. Baldwin." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle- Brook.)

March 11, 1779.

Resolved, That the engineers in the service of the United States shall
be formed into a corps and st}-led the "Corps of Engineers," and shall
take rank and enjoy the same rights, honors, and privileges with the
other troops on the Continental establishment.

That a commandant of the Corps of Engineers shall be appointed by
Congress, to whom their orders, or those of the Commander in Chief,
shall be addressed, and such commandant shall render to the Com-
mander in Chief and to the Board of AVar an account of every matter
relative to his department.

That the engineers shall have rank in their own corps according to
the date of their respective commissions.

That every year previous to the opening of the campaign the com-
mandant of the corps shall propose to the Commander in Chief and to
the Board of War such a disposition of the engineers as he shall judge
most advantageous, according to the knowledge which he is supposed
to have of their talents and capacity.

Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered and directed to form
such regulations for the Corps of Engineers and companies of sappers
and miners as they judge most conducive to the public service, and
that the Board report such allowances as they judge adequate and
reasonable to be made to the officers of the Corps of Engineers for
travelling charges and when on command at a distance from camp or
in places where they can not draw rations.

March 16, 1779.

Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be
put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to
arrests, trials, and punishments.

Ajn-il 3, 1779.

The Board of War report that the committee appointed at Yorktown
to confer with Baron Steuben, having promised to report that Mons.
L'Enfant should have the commission of captain of engineers, and no
report having been made on that subject, the Board are of the opinion:

That Mons. L'Enfant be appointed a captain in the Corps or Engi-
neers in the service of the United States, to have rank from the 18th
day of February, 1778.

Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 491

May 11, 1779.

Resolved, That the pay and subsistence of the engineers and of the
officers and men of the companies of sappers and miners shall be
the same with those of officers of the like ranks and of the men in the
artillery of these States.

That Brigadier-General Du Portail be appointed commandant of the
Corps of Engineers and companies of sappers and miners.

August 31, 1779. "Lieutenant Cleveland is appointed captain-lieutenant in the
corps of sappers and miners, vice Little, resigned." (Orders, General Head-
quarters, Moore's house.)

December 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War having procured a small
supply of shirts and linen, and directed the distribution of them among the officers
of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State: the clothier-general is to
deliver them upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and
departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November
last. . . . Corps of Engineers, including sappers and miners; . . . military
surveyors." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.)

January IS, 1780.

Whereas Brigadier-General Du Portail and Colonel Laumoy and
Lieutenant-Colonel de Gouvion have continued in the service of the
United States, pursuant to a resolution of Congress of the 1st of Jan-
uary, 1779, and under a permission from the minister plenipotentiary
of His Most Christian Majesty, and have obtained from the Commander
in Chief ample testimonials of honorable and useful services rendered
during the last campaign:

Resolved, That Brigadier-General Du Portail and Messieurs Laumoy
and Gouvion be retained in the service of the United States (if per-
mission can be obtained for that purpose from His Most Christian Maj-
esty or his minister plenipotentiary) so long, during the present war,
as shall be consistent with their inclinations and duty as officers to
their King.

February 7, 1780.

Resolved, That the officers attached to the companies of sappers and
miners be commissioned, and rank as follows:

Mr. Nevin, captain, April 25th, 1779; Mr. Bebee, Mr. Murray, Mr.
Du Veil, captains; Mr. Gilliland, Mr. Bushnell, Mr. Cleveland, cap-
tain-lieutenants, August 2, 1779; Mr. Welsh, lieutenant.

March 1780.

Resolved, That Mr. Nevin be appointed a captain of engineers, to
rank from the 25th of April, 1779.

March 29, 1780. General Du Portail was ordered to the southern department, and
put himself umler (leneral Lincoln or the commanding officer of that department.

July IS, 1780. General Pit Portail being a prisoner of war on parole and his serv-
ices being deemed essential for the successof the operations of the ensuing campaign,
Congress requested General Washington to endeavor to obtain his exchange.

492 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, That . . . there be issued ... as many rations
as the service shall require.

. . . captain of engineers, one; . . .

July 22, 1780. "As in the course of the campaign a good corps of sappers and
miners will be extremely useful and absolutely necessary, the General directs that
one man be drawn from each regiment for this purpose; an able-bodied re \n, intelli-
gent, sober, and engaged for the war." {Orders, General Headquarters, Praconess. )

August 2, 1780. "Lt. Welch, of the corps of sappers and miners, is appointed
quartermaster to the same."

"The men in thecorpsof sappers and miners are to be furnished with good French
arms and accoutrements from the regiments, respectively, from which they were
drafted."

(Orders, General Headquarters, PeekskUl.)

August 3, 1780. "Lt. Col. Gouvion will take the command of the corps of sappers
and miners." (Orders, General Headquarters, PeekskUl.)

November 3, 1780.

Resolved, That Colonel Jeduthan Baldwin continue to receive the
pay of colonel of engineers, as heretofore.

November U, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief be directed to lay
before Congress a return of the officers of the Engineering Department,
including those of the companies of sappers and miners, and distin-
guish such as, in his judgment, it will be necessary to retain in service,
in order that the officers of that department who shall be retained in
service may be put on an equal establishment with the officers of the
line, and that provision may be made for such as shall be reduced.

December 4, 1780.

Resolved, That Mr. Simeon De Witt be appointed geographer to the
Army, in the room of Robert Erskine, deceased.

February 26, 1781.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the State of Massachusetts to
make up to Richard Gridley the depreciation of his pay as engineer
at 60 dollars per month from the time of his appointment to the 1st
day of January, 1781, in like manner with other officers in the Conti-
nental service, and charge the same to the United States.

That from and after the said first day of January, 1781, Colonel
Gridley be considered as a retiring officer. . . .

April 21, 1781.

THE COKPS OF ENGINEERS. 493

such of the said persons as are or may be in his judgment unnecessary,
reporting to .such authority, board, minister, or office to whom it may
belong to supply the vacancy the respective names of the persons so
removed.

That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment for
similar causes persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid
immediately appointed b}^ the United States in Congress assembled,
reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension:

Provided that in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or
may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he is
hereby, authorized and directed, if ho shall deem it most expedient for
the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and to
apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial;
and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest
accordingly;

That in every case of suspension all pay and emolument cease from
the date thereof, unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted
and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the
place, when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to con-
tinue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed;

That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with
the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the
Army, or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret serv-
ice by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or command-
ing officer of a separate department;

That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con-
gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war.

May 4, 1781.

Resolved, That Thomas Hutchins be appointed geographer to the
southern army, with the same pay and emoluments as are allowed to
the geographer to the main Army.

June 19, 1781. "Capt. -Lieut. Gilliland, of the corps of sappers and miners, is pro-
moted to the rank of Capt. in the same, vice Murray, resigned the 1st June, 1781,
and Capt.-Lieut. Bnshnell, of the same corps, is promoted to the rank of captain,
vice Beehe, resigned 8th June, 1781." "Jonathan Lawrence, esq., lieutenant in late
Malcolm's regiment, is appointed to the rank of captain in the corps of sappers and
miners, his commission to bear date from the 12th June, 1781." (Orders, General
lli-odtfuarters, New Windsor.)

.In!,/ ,.', 1781. "Peter Taulman, esq., lieutenant in late Col. Spencer's regt., is
appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners." (Orders, General
llcad(juarters, Tarrytown. )

July 11, 1781.

Resolved, That the geographer to the main Army, and also the
geographer to the southern arm)', be stilcd '"geographer of the United
States of America," and commissioned and considered as such; and
that they perform such services as the Commander in Chief and com-
manding officer of the southern army may judge necessary to assign
them, respectively.

July 25, 1781. "Lieut. Kirkpatrick, late Colonel Spencer's regt., is appointed
captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners." (Orders, General IFead-
quarten, near IhUt's Ferry.)

November 11. 1781. Captain Jacob Schreiber, engineers (who had served in the
capacity from March 2, 1780). was permitted to return to Europe as Congress, though
conscious of his merit, had no means of employing him in the rank he requires.

494 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

November 16, 1781.

Resolved, That Brigadier-General du Portail, 1 commanding officer of
the Corps of Engineers, in consideration of his meritorious services,
and particularly of his distinguished conduct in the siege of York, in
the State of Virginia, be, and he is hereby, promoted to the rank of
major-general.

Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Gouvion, 1 of the Corps of Engi-
neers, receive the brevet of colonel.

Resolved, That Captain Rochefontaine, of the Corps of Engineers,
eceive the brevet of major.

March 8, 1782.

Resolved, That Captain James Elliott be, and he is hereby, appointed
an assistant geographer to the United States, and that his pay be two
dollars and one ration per day, and that this allowance be considered
in full for all claims that the said Captain James Elliott may have on
the United States for half pay or any other emolument after the war,
agreeably to his proposal.

AprU 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants,
beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced;
. . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff
departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective
departments, in which ca.se they shall severally retain their respective
ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence belong-
ing to their rank in the line as a compensation for their respective services
in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . .

April 26, 1782. Colonel Jeduthan Baldwin was considered as a supernumerary
officer retiring from the service.

October 22, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons
and bathorses to the different ranks of officers: . . .

Major-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon and one
two-horse wagon.

Brigadier-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon.

Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major, one covered four-horse wagon.

* *

That there shall be allowed for saddle horse;?:

To a major-general and family 7 rations

Brigadier-general and family 6 do

Colonel 3 do

Lieutenant-colonel 2 do

Major 2 do

Captain of engineers 1 do

* -x- *

October 30, 1782. Lieutenant-Colonel du Cambray was granted leave for twelve
months to visit his family in France.

1 General du Portail and Col. Gouvion were granted leave of absence from the United
States for six months. *

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 495

November 12, 1782.

Resolved, That the geographer to the main army and the geographer
to the southern department be each of them allowed 60 dollars per
month, three rations per day, forage for two saddle horses, one two-
horse covered wagon, 6|d dollars per month for a servant, for whom
they shall be entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing
allowed to a private soldier.

That the assistant geographer, if such officers shall be j udged neces-
sary by the Commander in Chief, be allowed 30 dollars per month, one
ration per day, and forage for one saddle horse.

February 26, 1783. "Captain Bushnell, being the senior officer, will have the com-
mand of the corps of sappers and miners until further orders, and Captain Delezeume,
of the Corps of Engineers, will report to headquarters immediately by what authority
he came to the garrison of West Point and assumed the command of the sappers and
miners." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh).

May 2, 1783.

Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Cambray, of the Corps of Engi-
neers, be promoted to the rank of colonel by brevet.

That Major Villef ranche, of the said corps, be promoted to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel by brevet, and that Captain L'Enfant, of the said
corps, be promoted to the rank of major by brevet.

October 10, 1783. '

Resolved, That Major-General duPortail, Brigadier-General Laumoy,
and Colonel Gouvion, who have served with distinguished merit in the
Department of Engineers, have leave to retire from the service of the
United States. . . .

October 31, 1783. The Secretary at War reported that the Corps of Engineers,
sappers and miners had accepted the commutation of five years' pay in lieu of half
pay for life.

February 6, 1781^.

Resolved, That a brevet commission of lieutenant-colonel be issued
to Major de Brahm, of the late Corps of Engineers, and that he be
informed that his further services are dispensed with.

January 25, 1785. Congress referred to a committee a letter from Major L'Enfant
enclosing a memorial on the necessity of establishing a Corps of Engineers, and a dis-
sertation on the qualifications of an engineer.

June 10, 1785.

Resolved, That in settling the accounts of Mr. Thomas Hutchins,
geographer to the United States, he be allowed four dollars and four
rations a day from the time of his accepting his commission to the 3rd
day of November, 1783, and that he be allowed four dollars a day from
that period to the 29th day of May, 1785, deducting therefrom the
time he was employed and paid by the State of Penns} r lvania.

June SO, 1786. Congress authorized the settlement of Captain Elliott's accounts
to October 20, 1783, and no longer, thus indicating the length of his service as assist-
ant geographer.

*The Secretary at War was directed to express to the French minister the high
sense Congress eniertain of the zeal, ability, and conduct of these officers, and, Octo-
ber 16, the agent of marine was directed to provide them with a passage to France in
the ship Washington.

496 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

February 23, 1795 (1-419). This act established, in the Treasury Department, the
office of purveyor of public supplies. His duties were to conduct the procuring and
providing cf all military stores, etc. His compensation was fixed at $2,000 per
annum, and letters to and from him were to be conveyed free of postage. The office
was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812 (2-696).

Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749).

AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other

purposes.
* * *

Sec. 17. That the President of the United States be authorized to
engage and appoint, distinct from the officers of the corps of artiller-
ists and engineers, two engineers, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
and to stipulate and allow to them, respectively, such compensations as
he shall find necessary and expedient.

Sec. 18. That an inspector of fortifications shall be appointed, whose
duties shall be assigned by the Secretary of War, under the direction
of the President of the United States; that the compensation to be
allowed to the said inspector, if selected from the corps of artillerists
and engineers, in full for his extra services and travelling expenses,
shall, besides his pay and emoluments in the corps, be thirty -five dol-
lars per month; and if he shall not be an officer in the artillery or
Army, he shall, in full compensation for his services and expenses, be
allowed the sum of seventy-five dollars monthly, and be entitled to
the rank of major in the Army of the United States; and in case the
said inspector shall be chosen from the corps of artillerists and engi-
neers, or Army of the United States, his place therein shall be supplied
by promotion, or a new appointment, or both, as may be requisite;
but he shall nevertheless retain his station in the said corps or Army,
and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had never
been appointed in the said office of inspector.

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).

AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

* ft

Sec. 1. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows,
to wit: ... to each major, fifty dollars; . . . ; to each cap-
tain, forty dollars; to each first lieutenant, thirty dollars; to each
second lieutenant, twenty-five dollars; . . . .

Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled .to
receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of
provisions: ... A major, four rations; a captain, three rations;
a lieutenant, two rations; ... or money in lieu thereof at the
option of the said officers ... at the posts, respectively, when the
rations shall become due; and if at such posts supplies are not furnished
by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having
reference to former contracts and the position of the place in ques-
tion; . . . and to every commissioned officer who shall keep one
servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration.

* * *

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 497

Sec. 26. That the President of the United States is hereby author-
ized and empowered, when he shall deem it expedient, to organize and
establish a corps of engineers, to consist of one engineer, with the pay,
rank, and emoluments of a major; two assistant engineers, with the
pay, rank, and emoluments of captains; two other assistant engineers,
with the pay, rank, and emoluments of second lieutenants; and ten
cadets, with the pay of sixteen dollars per month and two rations per
day; and the President of the United States is in like manner author-
ized, when he shall deem it proper, to make such promotions in the
said corps, with a view to particular merit, and without regard to rank,
so as not to exceed one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, four
captains, four first lieutenants, and four second lieutenants, and so that
the number of the whole corps shall at no time exceed twenty officers
and cadets.

Sec. 27. That the said corps when so organized shall be stationed
at Westpoint, in the State of New York, and shall constitute a mili-
tary academy; and the engineers, assistant engineers, and cadets of the
said corps shall be subject, at all times, to do duty in such places and
on such service as the President of the United States shall direct.

Sec. 28. That the principal engineer, and in his absence the next in
rank, shall have the superintendence of the said military academy,
under the direction of the President of the United States; and the
Secretary of War is hereby authorized, at the public expense, under
such regulations as shall be directed by the President of the United
States, to procure the necessary books, implements, and apparatus for
the use and benefit of the said institution.

Act of February 28, 1803 (2 Stats., 206).

AN ACT in addition to an act entitled "An act fixing the military establishment of

the United States."
* * ;:

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to appoint one teacher of the French language and one
teacher of drawing, to be attached to the Corps of Engineers, whose
compensation shall not exceed the pay and emoluments of a captain in
the line of the Army.

Sec. 3. That the commanding officer of the Corps of Engineers be
authorized to enlist, for a term not less than three years, one artificer
and eighteen men to aid in making practical experiments, and for other
purposes; to receive the same pay, rations, and clothing as are allowed
to the artificers and privates in the Army of the United States, and
the same bounty when enlisted for five years, and to be subject to the
Rules and Articles of War.

Act of April 10, 1806 (2 State., 869).

AN ACT establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the

United states.

Article 63. The functions of the engineers being generally confined
to the most elevated branch of military service, they are not to assume

S. Doc. 220 32

498 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

nor are they subject to be ordered on any duty beyond the line of theL
immediate profession, except by the special order of the President of
the United States; but thej^ are to receive every mark of respect to
which their rank in the Army may entitle them, respectively, and are
liable to be transferred, at the discretion of the President, from one
corps to another, regard being paid to rank.

* * *

Act of April 29, 1812 (2 Stats., 720).
AN ACT making further provision for the Corps of Engineers.

That there be added to the Corps of Engineers two captains, two
first lieutenants, two second lieutenants, with the usual pay and emolu-
ments according to their grade, respectively, and one paymaster, to be
taken from the subalterns of engineers, with the pay and emoluments
of a regimental paymaster; and that there be attached to the said
corps, either from the troops now in service or by new enlistments, as
the President of the United States may direct, four sergeants, four
corporals, one teacher of music, four musicians, nineteen artificers, and
sixty -two men, which noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers,
and men, together with the artificers and men already belonging to the
Corps of Engineers, shall be formed into a company, to be styled a
company of bombardiers, sappers, and miners, and be officered from
the Corps of Engineers, according as the commanding officer of that
corps may, with the approbation of the President of the United States,
direct; and the said noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and
men, shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are allowed to
the noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and men in the
regiment of artillerists.

Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That the Military Academy shall
consist of the Corps of Engineers and the following professors, in
addition to the teachers of the French language and drawing already
provided, viz: One professor of natural and experimental philosophy,
with the pay and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel if not an officer of
the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his
pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a lieutenant-colonel; one
professor of mathematics, with the pay and emoluments of a major if
not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much
in addition to his pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a major;
one professor of the art of engineering in all its branches, with the pay
and emoluments of a major if not an officer of the corps, and if taken
from the corps, then so much in addition to his pay and emoluments
as shall equal those of a major; each of the foregoing professors to
have an assistant professor, which assistant professor shall be taken
from the most prominent characters of the officers or cadets, and
receive the pay and emoluments of captains, and no other pay or
emoluments, while performing these duties: Provided, That nothing
herein contained shall entitle the academical staff, as such, to any com-
mand in the Army separate from the Academy.

* *

Sec. 6. That so much of the twenty-sixth section of the act entitled
"An act fixing the military peace establishment," passed the 16th day
of March, 1802, as confines the selection of the commander of the
Corps of Engineers to the said corps be, and the same is hereb} 7 ,
repealed.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 499

Act of March 3, 1813 1 {2 Stats., 819).

AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United

States.

That [there shall be] eight topographical engineers, eight assistant
topographical engineers, . . .

* * -X-

Sec. 3. That . . . the . . . topographical engineers shall
have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry;
and the assistant topographical engineers . . . shall have the
brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a captain of infantry.

Sec. 4. That the . . . assistant topographical engineers shall be
taken from the line. The . . .* topographical engineers . . .
may be taken from the line, or not, as the President may deem expe-
dient. . . .

X- * *

Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., 224).
AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States.

That . . . the Corps of Engineers, as at present established, be

retained.

* * *

Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297).

AX ACT for organizing the general staff, and making further provisions for the Army

of the United States.

Resolution of April 29, 1816 2 {3 Stats., 31$).

IlKSOLUTION authorizing the President of the United States to employ a skilful
assistant in the Corps of Engineers.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to employ, in addition to the Corps of Engineers as now established,
a skilful assistant, 3 whose compensation shall be such as the President
of the United States shall think proper, not exceeding the allowance
to the chief officer of that corps.

J The superintendent general of military supplies authorized to be appointed under
this act was not a staff officer, but a civilian with a salary of $8,000 per annum. His
duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every
description purchased for the Army, the volunteers, ami the militia, and to pre-
scribe forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc.

1 Repealed by resolution No. 8, July 14, 1832. (4-607.)

"General Simon Bernard was born at Dole, France, April 28, 1779, and after
graduating from the Polytechnic School entered the army. He was appointed aid-
de-camp to the Emperor in 1813; was successively made general of brigade and gen-

500 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Resolution of April 20, 1818 (3 Stats., 4,76).

RESOLUTION directing the completion of the survey of the waters of the Chesa-
peake Bay, and for other purposes.

That ... to the naval officers employed in this service officers
of the Corps of Engineers be joined, with instructions to prepare
plans of the fortifications necessary to be erected for the defense of
such arsenals [naval] with an estimate of the expense of erecting the
same. . . .

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. That the Corps of Engineers (bombardiers excepted) and
the topographical engineers and their assistants shall be" retained in
service as at present organized.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1823 {3 Stats., 788).
AN ACT to establish a national armory on the western waters.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to employ a skillful engineer, . . . with such other person or
persons as he may judge proper, to examine the most suitable site for
a national armory on the western waters; and that the said engineer
and such other person or persons be requested to report the result of
their examination to Congress at the commencement of its next ses-
sion, particularly designating the sites by them examined, with the
comparative advantages of each, and an estimate showing the amount
necessary for purchasing each, and erecting all necessary buildings

thereon.

* * *

Act of April 30, 1821,, (4 Stats., 22).

AN ACT to procure the necessary surveys, plans, and estimates upon the subject of

roads and canals.

* * *

Sec. 2. That to carry into effect the objects of this act, the Presi-
dent be, and he is hereb} r , authorized to employ two or more skillful

eral of division, ending his military career at Waterloo in 1815. Refusing the
brilliant offers of several sovereigns of Europe, he obtained permission from Louis
XVIII to come to the United States, and November 16, 1816, was commissioned
"Assistant in the Corps of Engineers of the United States" with the rank of briga-
dier-general by brevet, and the compensation that "is or may be allowed to the chief
of that corps." He devised a system of canals and roads for connecting the Great
Lakes and navigable rivers and a scheme for the defense of the coast, constructing
Fortress Monroe, some of the defenses of New York, and other works. Resigning
August 10, 1831, he returned to France and was intrusted by Louis Philippe with
the preparation of plans for the fortifications of Paris. He was strongly in favor of
a system of detached forts, which was afterwards carried out. In 1834 he was for a
short time minister of war and, ad interim, minister of foreign affairs. In 1836 he
was made minister of war for a second time and held that office for three years. He
died in Paris November 5, 1839.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 501

civil engineers, and such officers of the Corps of Engineers, or who
may be detailed to do duty with that corps, as he ma}- think
proper. . . .

May 18, 1826 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or
of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage,
to be charged against the responsible officer unless he can show that the deficiency
or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part.

Act of July 3, 1832, ( Stats., 551).

AN ACT making appropriations for certain internal improvements for the year one
thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.

:: , *

Sec. 2. That so much of the second section of the act for the con-
tinuation of the Cumberland road, approved March third, one
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, as authorizes the President,
with the advice of the Senate, to appoint a superintendent thereof, be,
and the same is hereby, repealed, and that the work in the State of
Ohio be continued by the War Department under the superintendence
of an officer of engineers.

Act of March 2, 1833 (4 Stats., 650).

AN ACT for the construction of a road from the "Mississippi River to William
Strong' 8, on the St. Francis River, in the Territory of Arkansas.

* * *

. . . : Provided, That the said sum [$100,000] be expended under
the direction of such military engineer as the President may appoint:
And provided also, That no part of the said sum of money shall be
expended until a careful survey and estimate shall have been made of
the cost of the road by a competent engineer, and that the said survey
and estimate shall have been previously submitted to and approved by
the Secretary of War and the President of the United States.

Act of June U, 1834. U Stats., 680).

AN ACT for the continuation and repair of the Cumberland road.
* * *

Sec. 2. That an officer of the Corps of Engineers, to bo selected by
the Department of War, shall be charged with the disbursements of
the moneys appropriated for the construction of the Cumberland road
through the States of Indiana and Illinois; and that said officer shall
have, under the direction of the Engineer Department, a general con-
trol over the operations of the said road and over all persons employed
thereon: Provided, That no percentage shall be allowed to such officer
for disbursing moneys appropriated lor the construction of said road.

Act of June 30, 183 % U Stats., 723).

A X ACT authorizing a road to be cut from the northern Ixmndary of the Territory
of Florida, by Marianna, to the town of Apalachicola, within the said Territory.

. . . Provided, That the said road shall be cut out by contract,
and that no money shall be paid at any time on account thereof but on

502 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

the certificate of an engineer of the Army of the United States that
the said road has been faithfully constructed according to the terms of
such contract.

Act' of July 0, 1836 (5 Stats., 80).

AN ACT to change the organization of the Post-Office Department and to provide
more effectually for the settlement of the accounts thereof.

Sec. 8. . . . And all letters and packets to and from the Chief
Engineer which may relate to the business of his office shall be free of
postage.

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and

for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to add to the Corps of Engineers, whenever he may deem
it expedient to increase the same, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors,
six captains, six first and six second lieutenants; and that the pay and
emoluments of the said corps shall be the same as those allowed to the
officers of the regiment of dragoons.

Sec. 3. That so much of the act passed the twenty-ninth day of
April, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, entitled "An act mak-
ing further provision for the Corps of Engineers," as provides that
one paymaster shall be taken from the subalterns of the Corps of
Engineers, be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and that the pay-
master so authorized and provided be attached to the Pay Department,
and be in every respect placed on the footing of other paymasters of
the Army.

Sec. 4. That the Corps of Topographical Engineers shall be organ-
ized and increased by regular promotions in the same, so that the said
corps shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, four majors,
ten captains, ten first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants.

Sec. 5. That vacancies created by said organization, over and above
those which can be filled by the present corps, shall be taken from the
Army, and from such as it may be deemed advisable of the civil engi-
neers employed under the act of the thirtieth of April, eighteen hun-
dred and twenty-four; that the pay and emoluments of the officers of
said corps shall be the same as are allowed to officers of similar rank
in the regiments of dragoons.

Sec. 6. That the authority to employ civil engineers, in the act of
the thirtieth of April, eighteen hundred and twenty-four, be, and the
same is hereby, repealed after the passage of this act.
* * *

Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business to and
from the . . . head of the topographical corps shall be free from
postage.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 503

Sec. 27. That it shall be the duty of the engineer superintending the
construction of a fortification, or engaged about the execution of any
other public work, to disburse the moneys applicable to the same;
and, as a compensation therefor, may be allowed by the Secretary
of War at the rate of two dollars per diem during the continuance of
such disbursements: Provided, That the whole amount of emoluments
shall not exceed one per cent on the sum disbursed.

Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth,
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:
* * *

Sixth. That no compensation shall be allowed to officers of the
Engineer Department for disbursement of public money while superin-
tending public works.

Act of March 3, 18^3 (5 Stats., 630).

A X ACT making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Gov-
ernment for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, eighteen hundred and
forty-four.

* * *

For survey of the coast of the United States . . . : Provided,
That this, and all other appropriations hereafter to be made for this
work shall, until otherwise provided by law, be expended in accordance
with a plan of reorganizing the mode of executing the (rarvey, to be
submitted to the President of the United States b} r a board of officers
which shall be organized by him, to consist of . four from

among the principal officers of the Corps of Topographical Engineers;
none of whom shall receive any additional compensation whatever for
this service; and who shall sit as soon as organized . . . and the
plan of said board shall cause to be employed as many officers of the
Army ... of the United States as will be compatible with the
successful prosecution of the work; . . . the officers of the Army
on the topographical parts of the work; and no officer of the
Army . . . shall hereafter receive any extra pay out of this or
any future appropriations for surveys.

Act of May 16, 1846 {9 Stats., 12).

AN ACT for the organization of a company of sappers, miners, and pontoniers.

That there be added to the Corps of Engineers one company of sap-
pers, miners, and pontoniers, to be called engineer soldiers; which
company shall be composed of ten sergeants or master workmen, ten
corporals or overseers, two musicians, thirty-nine privates of the
first class, or artificers, and thirty-nine privates of the second class, or
laborers; in all one hundred men.

504 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 2. That the pay and rations of the sergeants, or master work-
men, of said company shall be the same as those now allowed by law
to the master workmen employed by the Ordnance Department, except-
ing that the engineer sergeants shall receive one ration only per day
instead of one ration and a half; of the corporals, or overseers, the same
as those now allowed by law to the armorers, carriage makers, and
blacksmiths employed by the Ordnance Department, excepting that
the engineer corporals shall receive one ration only per da} T instead of one
ration and a half; of the privates of the first class, or artificers, the
same as those now allowed by law to the artificers employed by the
Ordnance Department; of the privates of the second class, or laborers,
the same as now allowed by law to the laborers employed b} T the Ord-
nance Department; and of the musicians, the same as those allowed by
law to the musicians of the line of the Army; the said noncommissioned
officers, privates, and musicians being respectively entitled to the same
clothing and other allowances as are granted by law to noncommis-
sioned officers, privates, and musicians of the artillery in the Army of
the United States.

Sec. 3. That the said engineer company shall be subject to the Rules
and Articles of War, shall be recruited in the same manner and with the
same limitation, and shall be entitled to the same provisions, allow-
ances, and benefits in every respect as are allowed to the other troops
constituting the present military peace establishment.

Sec. 4. That the said engineer company shall be attached to and
compose a part of the Corps of Engineers and be officered by officers
of that corps as at present organized; they shall be instructed in and
perform all the duties of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and shall
aid in giving practical instructions in these branches at the Military
Academy; they shall, moreover, under the orders of the Chief Engi-
neer, be liable to serve, by detachments, in overseeing and aiding
laborers upon fortifications or other works under the Engineer Depart-
ment and in supervising finished fortifications as fort keepers, prevent-
ing injmy, and applying repairs.

Sec. 5. That the Chief Engineer, with the approbation of the Secre-
tary of War, be authorized to regulate and determine the number,
quality, form, dimensions, etc., of the necessary vehicles, pontons,
tools, implements, arms, and other supplies for the use and service of
said company as a body of sappers, miners, and pontoniers.
* * *

March 8, 1847 {9-175). The works at Cary's Fort Reef, Florida, near Wango-
shance, Mich.; Minot's Rock, Massachusetts; Whale's Back, New Hampshire; Fair-
weather Island, near Black Rock, Connecticut; and Brandy wine Shoals in the Dela-
ware River, Pennsylvania, to be executed under the superintendence of the Topo-
graphical Bureau.

July 10, 1848 (9-246). Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted
men in the several corps of the Army.

Act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stats., 370).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty.

Sec. 3. That any noncommissioned officer, musician, or private, in
the company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, raised by the act

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 505

of May ninth, eighteen hundred and forty -eight, who. served in said
company in the war with Mexico, shall, on application, be entitled to
receive an honorable discharge from the service of the United States,
and stand as if they had served out their respective terms.

March 3, 1849 (9-380). When expenditure is to be made under direction of Bureau
of Topographical Engineers, necessary preliminary surveys to determine site of pro-
posed light-house or light-boat shall be made by officers of the corps possessing requi-
site skill and experience, who shall make report of the result of their examinations.

March 3, 1851 (9-627). Colonel of Corps of Topographical Engineers charged with
making preliminary surveys to determine sites of proposed light-houses, light'boats,
beacons, and bouys on the northwestern lakes; two engineer officers to form part of
of a board to inquire into condition of the Light-House Establishment; details of engi-
neer officers may be made to superintend construction and renovation of light-houses.

August 30, 1852 (10-56). A board of topographical and civil engineers to be
appointed by the Secretary of War to report upon expediency of an additional canal
around the Falls of the Ohio River and comparative cost, advantages, and disadvan-
tages of enlarging and extending the present canal so as to avoid the rocks at Sandy
Island.

August 31, 1852 (10-76). If the superintendence of constructing the custom-house
at New Orleans be confided to an officer of the topographical engineers, he shall be
allowed a compensation not exceeding $5 per day.

Act of August 31, 1862 (10 Stats., 112).

AN ACT making appropriations for light-houses, light-boats, buoys, etc., and provid-
ing for the erection and establishment of the same, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 8. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and
required to appoint, immediately after the passage of this act, . . .
one officer of the Corps of Engineers of the Army, one officer of the
Corps of Topographical Engineers of the Arm}*, . . . and . . .
an officer of engineers of the Army, as secretaries, who shall consti-
tute the Light-House Board of the United States.

* *

Sec. 12. [The Light-House Board to arrange the Atlantic, Gulf,
Pacific, and lake coasts into twelve districts]; and the President is
hereby authorized and required to direct that an officer of the Army
. . . may be assigned to each district as a light-house inspector,
subject to and under orders of the Light-House Board, who shall receive
for such service the same pay and emoluments that he would be entitled
to by law for the performance of dut} r in the regular line of his pro-
fession, and no other, except the legal allowance per mile when trav-
elling under orders connected with nis duties.

* * *

August 31, 1852 (10-112). Plan for the erection of a light-house OD the outer
Minot Ledge, Boston Harbor, to be approved by the Topographical Bureau; a first-
class light-house near Coffins Patches, off Dry 'Bank, Fla., to be constructed under
the direction of the Topographs al Bureau; two range beacon lights for Gedneys
Channel, New Jersey, and two on Staten Island, New York Harbor, to be constructed
under the direction of the Topographical Bureau; plans, drawings, etc., of all illumi-
nating and other apparatus of construction and repair of towers, buildings, etc.,
connected with the Light-House Establishment, to he prepared by the engineer sec-
retary of the board, or such officer of engineers as may be detailed for that service;
no additional salary allowed to any military officer employed on the Light-House
Board.

506 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

. Act of March 3, 1853 (10 Stats., Mli).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.

Sec. 9. That whenever any lieutenant of the Corps of Engineers,
Corps of Topographical Engineers, . . shall have served fourteen
years' continuous service as lieutenant, he shall be promoted to the
rank of captain: Provided, That the whole number of officers in
either of the said corps shall not be increased beyond the number now
fixed by law: And provided further, That no officer shall be pro-
moted before those who rank him in his corps.

Sec. 10. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, author-
ized, under the direction of the President of the United States, to
employ such portion of the corps of topographical engineers . . .
to make such explorations and survej^s as he may deem advisable, to
ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from
the Mississippi Klver to the Pacific Ocean. . . .

Sec. 11. That the engineers . . . employed in said explorations
and surveys shall be organized in as many district corps as there are
routes to be surveyed, and their several reports shall be laid before
Congress on or before the first Monday in February, eighteen hundred
and fifty-four.

March 3, 1853 {10-240). Places for two light-houses on the Saint Clair Flats,
Michigan, to be selected and the work executed under the direction of the Topo-
graphical Bureau.

March 3, 1857 {11-243). Secretary of War authorized to employ such officers of
the Army as may be necessary for the exploration and verification of surveys already
made of a ship canal near the Isthmus of Darien.

Act of March 3, 1859 (11 Stats., 435).

AN ACT to provide for the care and preservation of the works constructed by the
United States for bringing the Potomac waters into the cities of Washington and
Georgetown, for the supply of said water for all governmental purposes, and for the
uses and benefits of the inhabitants of said cities.

That the dams, aqueducts, water gates, reservoirs, and all fixtures
and improvements connected therewith . . . shall be placed by
the President of the United States under the immediate care, manage-
ment, and superintendence of a properly qualified officer of the United
States Corps of Engineers to be appointed by him, who shall act
under the Department of the Interior; . . . and such officer as a
compensation for the duties and responsibilities imposed upon him by
this act, shall receive, for his pa} r as said engineer, no more than his
regular pay as an officer of the corps. He shall occupy the necessary
apartments in one of the public buildings in the city of Washington as
may be directed by the President, and shall be supplied by the Gov-
ernment with the stationery, instruments, books, and furniture
required in the performance of his public duties. . . .

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 507

Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91).

AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and
sixty-one.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in
any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv-
ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising,
a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When
immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency,
the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or
contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are
usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals.
No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be
authorized by law, or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfill-
ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist-
ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall
not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms, nor military
supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be pur-
chased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention,
unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation
therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention.

Act of June 25, 1860 (12 Stats., 104).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one.

For the completion of the Washington Aqueduct . . . accord-
ing to the plans and estimates of Captain Meigs, and under his super-
intendence: Provided, That the office of engineer of the Potomac
waterworks is hereby abolished, and its duties shall hereafter be dis-
charged by the chief engineer of the Washington Aqueduct.

Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., llfl).

A N A ( T making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth
of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

508 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.
Act of March 0, 1861 (12 Stats., 214).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services,
in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal
services, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate
delivery of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall
be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals
respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is
required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may
be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the
manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such
services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall
hereafter be made, unless the same be authorized by law or be
under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War
. . . Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters,
or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of
the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act
making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial
expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-
third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the
same is hereby, repealed.

Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287).
AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.

Sec. 3. That there shall be added to each of the Corps of Engineers
and Topographical Engineers three first and three second lieutenants,
to be promoted thereto in accordance with the existing laws and
regulations. . . .

Sec. 4. That there shall be added to the Corps of Engineers three
companies of engineer soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate offi-
cers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing, and
other allowances, and be entitled to the same benefits, in every respect,
as the company created by the act for the organization of a company
of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May sixteen [fifteenth],
eighteen hundred and forty-six. The said three companies shall be
subject to the Rules and Articles of War; shall be recruited in the
same manner and with the same limitation, shall be instructed in and
perform the same duties, and be liable to serve in the same way, and
shall have their vehicles, pontons, tools, implements, arms, and other
supplies regulated in the same manner as the existing engineer com-
pany; and each of the four companies of engineer soldiers shall here-
after be composed of ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians,
sixty-four privates of the first class, or artificers, and sixty-four pri-
vates of the second class; in all, one hundred and fifty men each.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 509

Act of August 6, 1861 (12 Stats., 317).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer
Corps, and for other purposes.

That there shall be added to each of the Corps of Engineers and
Topographical Engineers, by regular promotion of their present offi-
cers, two lieutenant-colonels and four majors.

Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Corps of Topographical
Engineers one company of soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate
officers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing, and
other allowances, and to be entitled to the same benefits in every
respect as the company created by the act for the organization of a
company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May six-
teenth [fifteenth], eighteen hundred and forty-six. The said company
shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, and shall have the
same organization as the companies of engineer soldiers attached to
the Corps of Engineers.

* * *

June2, 1862 {12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to
make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts,
affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

June 18, 1862 (12-620). Supervision of the Potomac waterworks transferred from
the War Department to the Department of the Interior.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 710).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance
Department, and for other purposes.

That the Corps of Topographical Engineers, as a distinct branch of
the Army, is hereby abolished, and from and after the passage of this
act is merged into the Corps of Engineers, which shall have the follow-
ing organization, viz: One Chief Engineer, with the rank, paj% and
emoluments of a brigadier-general; four colonels; ten lieutenant-
colonels; twenty majors; thirty captains; thirty first lieutenants, and
ten second lieutenants.

Sec. 2. That the general officer provided by the first section of this
act shall be .selected from the Corps of Engineers as therein established,
and that officers of all lower grades shall take rank according to their
respective dates of commission in the existing Corps of Engineers or
Corps of Topographical Engineers.

Sec. 3. That no officer of the Corps of Engineers below the rank of
a field officer shall hereafter be promoted to a higher grade before
having passed a satisfactory examination before a board of three engi-
neers senior to him in rank; and should the officer fail at said exami-
nation he shall be suspended from promotion for one year, when he
shall be reexamined, and, upon a second failure, shall bo dropped
by the President from the Army.

* * *

Sec. 12. That the increase of rank of officers, and in the number of
officers provided for in this act, shall continue only during the exist-
ence of the present rebellion; and thereafter the several officers pro-
moted under this act shall have the respective rank they would have

510 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

had if this act had not passed, and the number shall be reduced by
the President to the number authorized by law prior to the passage of
this act.

May 5, 1864 {13-68). Commissioner of public buildings to pay to the corpora-
tion of Washington City the just proportion of the cost of improving streets, ave-
nues, or alleys passing through or by any of the property of the United States.

Act of July 13, 1866 (14- Stats., 90).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That the Superintendent of the United States Military
Academy may hereafter be selected, and the officers on duty at that
institution detailed, from any arm of the service; and the supervision
and charge of the Academy shall be in the War Department under such
officer or officers as the Secretary of War may assign to that duty.

* * *

Juhi 28, 1866 (14-310). Contract for care of transient paupers, medical and surgi-
cal patients, to be made by the commissioner of public buildings.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and f x the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 19. That the Corps of Engineers shall consist of one chief of
engineers, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general;
six colonels, twelve lieutenant-colonels, twenty-four majors, thirty
captains, and twenty-six first and ten second lieutenants, who shall
have the pay and emoluments now provided by law for officers of the
Engineer Corps.

Sec. 20. That the five companies of engineer soldiers and the
sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant heretofore prescribed by
law shall constitute a battalion of engineers, to be officered by officers
of suitable rank detailed from the Corps of Engineers; and the officers
of engineers, acting respectively as adjutant and quartermaster of this
battalion, shall be entitled to the pay and emoluments of adjutants
and quartermasters of cavalry.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the . . . Chief of Engineers . . . shall
hereafter be appointed by selection from the corps to which they
belong. . . .

Act of February 12, 1867 (U Stats., 393).
AN ACT to fix the pay of the quartermaster-sergeant of the Battalion of Engineers.

That from and after the passage of this act the pay and allowances
of the quartermaster-sergeant of the Battalion of Engineers of the
Arm}' of the United States shall be the same as those allowed by law
to the sergeant-major of the battalion.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 511

Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 457).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the office of commissioner of public buildings is hereby
abolished, and the Chief Engineer of the Army shall perform all the
duties now required by law of said commissioner, 1 and shall also have
the superintendence of the Washington Aqueduct and all the public
works and improvements of the Government of the United States in
the District of Columbia, unless otherwise provided by law. . . .

* * *

March 2, 1867 (14-487). Section 3 authorizes a board of six officers (three from the
Army) to determine by practical tests what increased strength or variation of form
is necessary to enable our best stone forts to resist the heaviest guns.

March 2, 1867 (14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the
Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

July 7, 1868(15-256). A competent and impartial engineer officer, with two naval
officers, to carefully examine Boston Harbor relative to the erection of a bridge over
the water between mainland in Boston and East Boston.

July 25, 1868 (15-171). Chief Engineer of the Army to reimburse to the corpora-
tion of the city of Washington for expenses incurred in improving the property of
the General Government in said city; appropriations hereafter made for this purpose
to be expended under his direction.

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions . ... in the Engineer Depart-
ment. . . .

* * *

July 11, 1870 (16-223). Three engineer officers to be detailed to examine all bridges
erected, or in process of erection, across the Ohio River and report if navigation is
obstructed thereby.

March 5, 1872 ( 17-86). Chief of Engineers and engineer in charge of public build-
ings and grounds to be members of a board to examine condition of harbors and
landings along entire water front of Washington and Georgetown.

May 8, 1872 (17-61). Chief of Engineers and engineer in charge of public build-
ings, etc., to be members of a board to report plan for removing locomotive railroad
track in front of the western entrance of the Capitol.

May 15, 1872 (17-116). This act establishes rates of pay of enlisted men of the
corps from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S. )

Act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stats.; 382).

AN ACT to repeal so much of section six of an act entitled "An act making appro-

E nations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen
undred and seventy, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen
hundred and sixty-nine, as prohibits promotions in the Engineer Department of
the Army.

That so much of section six of an act entitled ' 'An act making appro-
priations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thir-

*The act of March 2, 1867 ( 14-434), directed the commissioner of public buildings
to furnish proper offices for the Department of Education.

512 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

tieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," approved
March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as prohibits promotions
and new appointments in the Engineer Department be, and the same
is hereby, repealed: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall
authorize promotion in said department above the grade of colonel.

December 17, 1872 (17-398). Three experienced officers of engineers to be detailed
to examine and report upon proposed construction of bridges across the Ohio River.

February 1, 1873 (17-422). Engineer soldiers placed upon same footing as regards
extra-duty pay as other enlisted men.

March 3, 1873 (17-485). Certain electrical apparatus in the Capitol subject to con-
trol and supervision of the Architect of the Capitol and the commissioner of public
buildings and grounds.

March 3, 1873 (17-510). Improvements and care of public grounds to be under the
direction of the Chief of Engineers.

March 3, 1873 (17-530). Officer in charge of public buildings and grounds to have
rank, pay, etc., of a colonel.

March 3, 1873 (17-560). One or more engineers to be detailed to inquire into and
report upon practicability of bridging the channel between Lake Huron and Lake
Erie.

Act of June 20, 18? % (18 Stats., 116).

AN ACT for the government of the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 3. That the President of the United States shall detail an officer
of the Engineer Corps of the Army of the United States, who shall,
subject to the general supervision and direction of the said Board of
Commissioners, have the control and charge of the work of repair and
improvement of all streets, avenues, alleys, sewers, roads, and bridges
of the District of Columbia; and he is hereby vested with all the power
and authority of, and shall perform the duties heretofore devolved
upon, the chief engineer of the board of public works.

* * *

June 22, 1874 (18-197). Board of Engineers to examine and report relative to
construction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near La Crosse, Wis.

Act of June 22, 1874, (IS Stats., 199).

AN ACT to provide for the appointment of a commission of engineers to investigate
and report a permanent plan for the reclamation of the alluvial basin of the Mis-
sissippi River subject to inundation.

That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to
assign three officers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army,
. . . to serve as a board of commissioners; the president of said
board to be designated by the President of the United States. It shall
be the duty of said commission to make a full report to the President
of the best system for the permanent reclamation and redemption of
said alluvial basin from inundation, . . .

Act of June 23, 1874, (IS Stats., 237.)

AN ACT making appropriations for the repair, preservation, and completion of cer-
tain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 3. That a board of engineers, to be composed of three from the
Army, ... be appointed by the President; which said board
shall make a survey of the mouth of the Mississippi River, with a view

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 513

to determine the best method of obtaining and maintaining a depth of
water sufficient for the purposes of commerce, either by a canal from
said river to the waters of the Gulf, or by deepening one or more of
the natural outlets of said river; and said board shall make a full and
detailed estimate and statement of the cost of each and said places, and
shall report the same, together with their opinion thereon, showing
which of all said plans they deem preferable, giving their reasons
therefor, to the Secretary of War, to be presented at the commence-
ment of the second session of the Forty-third Congress; . . .

June 23, 1874 {18-237). Three officers of engineers to be members of a commission
to survey mouth of the Mississippi River.

March 8, 1875 (18-375). One engineer officer to be detailed as member of a board
to conduct experiments in testing iron and steel.

March 3, 1875 (18-456). Board of engineers to be convened to examine and report
upon improvement of the channel between Staten Island and New Jersey.

Note. Under the direction of the Secretary of War, Col. O. E. Babcock, of the
Corps of Engineers, was, March 3, 1875, placed in charge of the construction of the
State, War, and Navy building. He was relieved, March 3, 1877, by Col. Thomas
Lincoln Casey, Corps of Engineers.

Act of August %, 1876 {19 Stats., 123).

AN ACT providing for the completion of the Washington Monument.

. . . And the construction of said monument shall be under the
direction and supervision of . . . the Chief of Engineers of the
United States Army, . . . which officers are hereby constituted
a joint commission for the purpose . . .

March 3, 1877 (19-344) Appropriates $25,000 to be expended under the direction
of the Chief of Engineers in continuing the survey of the Mississippi River and its
tributaries with a view of determining proper method of reclaiming from overflow
the alluvial lands of the Mississippi delta.

REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION 1878.

Sec. 519. The Chief of Engineers shall furnish proper offices for
the use of the Office of Education.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

A Corps of Engineers.

A battalion of engineer soldiers.

* * *

Sec. 1151. The Corps of Engineers shall consist of one Chief of
Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-general; six colonels, twelve
lieutenant-colonels, twenty-four majors, thirty captains, twenty-six
first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants, and the battalion: Pro-
vided, That no promotion shall be made to till any vacancy in said
corps above the rank of qolonel.

Sec. 1152. The Chief of Engineers is authorized, with the approval
of the Secretary of War, to regulate and determine the number,
quality, form, and dimensions of the necessary vehicles, pontoons,
tools, implements, arms, and other supplies for tne use of the battalion
of engineer soldiers.

Sec. 1153. It shall be the duty of the engineer superintending the

S. Doc. 229 33

514 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

construction of a fortification or engaged about the execution of any
other public work to disburse the moneys applicable to the same; but
no compensation shall be allowed him for such disbursement.

Sec. 1154. The battalion of engineers shall consist of the five com-
panies of engineers now existing, one sergeant-major, and one quar-
termaster-sergeant, who shall also be commissary -sergeant.

Sec. 1155. Each company of engineer soldiers shall consist of ten
sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, and as many privates of the
first class, not exceeding sixty -four, and as many privates of the second
class, not exceeding sixty -four, as the President may direct, and shall
be recruited in the same manner, and with the same limitation, and
shall be entitled to the same provisions, allowances, and benefits, in
every respect, as are allowed to other troops constituting the present
military peace establishment.

Sec. 1156. A battalion adjutant, a battalion quartermaster, and
appropriate officers to command the companies and battalion of engi-
neer soldiers shall be detailed from the Corps of Engineers.

Sec. 1157. The enlisted men of the engineer battalion shall perform
the duties of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and shall aid in giving
practical instruction in those branches at the Military Academy. They
may be detailed by the Chief of Engineers to oversee and aid laborers
upon fortifications and other works in charge of the Engineer Corps,
and as fort keepers to protect and repair finished fortifications.

Sec. 1158. Engineers shall not assume nor be ordered on any duty
beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the special
order of the President. They may, at the discretion of the President,
be transferred from one corps to another, regard being paid to rank.

X- * *

Sec. 1193. The . . . Chief of Engineers . . . shall be
appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong.

-X* * *

Sec. 1196. The Secretary of War may detail six officers from the
Corps of Engineers, and any number of noncommissioned officers and
privates not exceeding one hundred from the battalion of engineers,
for the performance of signal duty; but no officer or enlisted man shall
be so detailed until he shall have been examined and approved by a
military board convened by the Secretary of War.
* * *

Sec. 1206. No officer of the Corps of Engineers below the rank of
field officer shall be promoted to a higher grade until he shall have
been examined and approved by a board of three engineers senior to
him in rank. If an engineer officer fail on such examination, he shall
be suspended from promotion for one year, when' he shall be reexam-
ined before a like board. In case of failure on such reexamination,
he shall be dismissed from the service.

Sec. 1207. When any lieutenant of the Corps of Engineers has
served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, ne shall be
promoted to the rank of captain, on passing the examination provided
by the preceding section, but such promotion shall not authorize an
appointment to fill any vacancy when such appointment would increase
the whole number of officers in the corps beyond the number fixed by
law; nor shall any officer be promoted before officers of the same grade
who rank him in his corps.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 515

* * *

Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the
Army shall, during their first term of enlistment, be as follows, with
the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided;

* * *

Sergeant-majors of engineers, thirty- six dollars.
Quartermaster-sergeants of engineers, thirty-six dollars.
Sergeants of engineers, . . . thirty-four dollars.
Corporals of engineers, . . . twenty dollars.
Musicians of engineers, . . . thirteen dollars.
Privates (first class) of engineers, . . . seventeen dollars.
Privates (second class) of engineers, . . . thirteen dollars.

Sec. 1281. This section adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth
year of first enlistment.

Sec. 1282. Fixes the pay of men reenlisting at the rate of pay for third year of first
term of service.

* * *

Sec. 1797. The Chief of Engineers shall have charge of the public
buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia, under such regu-
lations as may be prescribed by the President through the War Depart-
ment, except those buildings and grounds which are otherwise provided
for by law.

Sec. 1798. All estimates for public buildings and grounds in charge
of the Chief of Engineers shall be approved and submitted by the
Secretary of War, through the Treasury Department, as other esti-
mates, to the two Houses of Congress; and all appropriations which
have been or may be hereafter made for repairs or improvements of
the public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia and now
in charge of the Chief of Engineers shall be expended under the
direction of the Secretary of War.

Sec. 1799. The Chief of Engineers, in charge of public buildings
and grounds, is authorized to employ in his office and about the public
buildings and grounds under his control such number of persons for
such employments and at such rates of compensation as may be appro-
priated for by Congress from year to year.

Sec. 1800. The Chief of Engineers shall have the immediate superin-
tendence of the Washington Aqueduct, together with all rights, appur-
tenances, and fixtures connected with the same and belonging to the
United States, and of all other public works and improvements in the
District of Columbia in which the Government has an interest and
whjch are not otherwise .specially provided for by law.

Sec. 1801. He shall obey, in the discharge of the duties mentioned

516 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

in the preceding section, such regulations, pursuant to law, as may be
prescribed by the President, through the Departmentof War.

* * *

Sec. 1803. Forbids tapping or opening mains or pipes laid by the Government in
Washington City unless by consent of the Chief of Engineers.

* * *

Sec. 1807. The Chief of Engineers shall receive no compensation,
other than his regular pay as an officer of the Corps of Engineers, for
the services required of him under the provisions of this title.

[Seat of government, including the public buildings.]

Sec. 1808. He shall be furnished official apartments in one of the
public buildings in the city of Washington, as may be directed by the
President, and shall be supplied by the Government with the sta-
tionery, instruments, books, and furniture which may be required for
the performance of his duties.

Sec. 1809. He shall keep in his office a complete record of all the
lands and other property connected with or belonging to the Wash-
ington Aqueduct and other public works under his charge, together
with accurate plans and surveys of the public grounds and reservations
in the District of Columbia.

Sec. 1810. Chief of Engineers to have full control over the Washington Aqueduct
and the supply of water.

Sec. 1811. Decisions of Chief of Engineers on all questions relative to supply of
water subject to appeal to the Secretary of War only.

Sec. 1812. That Chief of Engineers shall, as superintendent of pub-
lic buildings and grounds and as superintendent of the Washington
Aqueduct, annually submit the following reports to the Secretary of
War in time to accompany the annual message of the President to
Congress, namely:

First. A report of his operations for the preceding year, with an
account of the manner in which all appropriations for public buildings
and grounds have been applied, including a statement of the number
of public lots sold or remaining unsold each year, of the condition of
the public buildings and grounds, and of the measures necessary to be
taken for the care and preservation of all public property under his
charge.

Second. A report of the condition, progress, repairs, casualties,
and expenditures of the Washington Aqueduct and other public
works under his charge.

* * *

Sec 1817. Certain electrical apparatus in the Capitol subject to control and super-
vision of the Architect of the Capitol and the Chief of Engineers in charge of public
buildings and grounds.

* * *

Sec. 1819. Laws and regulations for the preservation of peace in Washington City
to extend to Capitol square when requested by the Chief of Engineers in charge of
public buildings and grounds.

* * *

THE COEPS OF ENGINEERS. 517

their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart-
ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject,
nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the
Treasury. . . .

* * *

Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States
which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not
to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

* * *

Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States
shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an
appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . .

* * *

Sec 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts
with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns,
etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

* * *

Sec. 4653. The President shall appoint . . . two officers of the
Corps of Engineers of the Army, . . . together with . . .
and an officer of Engineers of the Army, as secretaries, who shall
constitute the Light-House Board.

# # #

Sec. 4663. Whenever preliminary surve3^s are required to ascertain
the necessity for any light-house, light-ship, beacon, or other warning
to vessels, . . . the Secretary of the Treasury may cause . . .
those on the Northwestern Lakes to be made under the direction of the
Corps of Engineers. . . .

Sec. 4664. The President shall cause to be detailed from the
Engineer Corps of the Army from time to time such officers as may
be necessary to superintend the construction and renovation of light-
houses.

Sec. 4665. The Light-House Board shall cause to be prepared by
the engineer secretary of the board, or by such officers of Engineers
of the Army as may be detailed for that service, all plans, drawings,
specifications, and estimates of cost of all illuminating and other appa-
ratus, and of construction and repair of towers, buildings, etc., con-
nected with the Light-House Establishment. . . .

* * *

Sec. 4671. An officer of the Army . . . shall be assigned to
each district as a light-house inspector, subject to the orders of the
Light-House Board, and shall receive for such service the same pay
and emoluments that he would be entitled to by law for the perform-
ance of duty in the regular line of his profession, and no other, except
the legal allowance per mile when traveling under orders connected
with his duties.

* * *

Sec. 4679. No additional salary allowed to any officer of the Army on account of
his being employed on the Light-House Board.

Sec. 4680. Members of the Light-House Board or inspectors forbidden to be inter-
ested, directly or indirectly, in any contract for labor, materials, or supplies for the
Light-House Service.

518 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

Sec. 4684. The President . . . shall cause to be employed as
many officers of the Army ... of the United States as will be
compatible with the successful prosecution of the work of coast sur-
vey; . . . the officers of the Army to be employed on the topo-
graphical part of the work; and no officer of the Army . . . shall
receive any extra pay out of any appropriations for surveys.
* * *

Sec. 4687. Officers of the Army . . . shall, as far as practi-
cable, be employed in the work of surveying the coast of the United
States whenever and in the manner required by the Department hav-
ing charge thereof.

Sec. 4688. The Secretary of the Treasury may make such allowances
to the officers and men of the Army . . . while employed on coast
survey service, for subsistence, in addition to their compensation, as
he may deem necessary, . . .

* * *

Sec. 5253. The Chief of Engineers may, with the approval of the
Secretary of War, employ such civil engineers, not exceeding five in
number, for the purpose of executing the surveys and improvements
of Western and Northwestern rivers ordered by Congress, as may be
necessary to the proper and diligent prosecution of the same; and the
persons so emploj^ed may be allowed a reasonable compensation for
their services, not to exceed the sum of three thousand dollars a year.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

June 11, 1878 (20-102) . An engineer officer to be detailed, from time to time, as
one of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia.

Resolution of June 20, 1879 {21 Stats., 51).

JOINT RESOLUTION relating to a bridge across the Detroit River at or near Detroit,

Michigan.

Whereas recent progress in the art has shown the practicability of
constructing bridges having spans of five hundred feet or possibly
more: Therefore,

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War
is hereby authorized and required to convene a board of officers of the
Corps of Engineers of the Army, whose duty it shall be to inquire into
and report whether, for railroad purposes, the river Detroit can be
bridged or tunneled at the city of Detroit, or within one mile above
or below said city, in such manner as to accommodate the large trade
and commerce crossing the river at that point and without material
or undue injury to the navigation of said river a good and sufficient
tug being always kept by the bridge owners to assist any craft when
required.

Act of June 29, 1879 {21 Stats., 37).

AN ACT to provide for the appointment of a "Mississippi River Commission" for
the improvement of said river from the Head of the Passes near its mouth to its
head waters.

That a commission is hereby created, to be called "The Mississippi
River Commission," to consist of seven members.

Sec. 2. The President of the United States shall, by and with the

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 519

advice and consent of the Senate, appoint seven commissioners, three
of whom shall be selected from the Engineer Corps of the Army,
. . . And any vacancy which may occur in the commission shall
in like manner be tilled by the President of the United States; and he
shall designate one of the commissioners appointed from the Engineer
Corps of the Army to be president of the commission. The commis-
sioners appointed from the Engineer Corps of the Army . .
shall receive no other pay or compensation than is now allowed them
by law, . . . and the commissioners appointed under this act
shall remain in office subject to removal by the President of the United
States.

Sec. 3. . . . The Secretary of War shall, when requested by
said commission, detail from the Engineer Corps of the Arnry such
officers and men as may be necessary, . . .

X- * *

Sec. 6. The Secretary of War may detail from the Engineer Corps
of the Army of the United States an officer to act as secretary of said

commisssion.

* * *

Act of June 30, 1879 (21 Stats., 45).

AN ACT providing for filling vacancies in the office of Chief of Engineers, United

States Army.

That so much of the act of June tenth, eighteen hundred and
seventy -two, chapter four hundred and twenty -six, volume seventeen,
page three hundred and eighty -two, Statutes at Large, as prohibits
promotion in the Corps of Engineers above the rank of colonel, and
all other acts prohibiting said promotion, be, and the same are hereby,
repealed.

June, 14, 1880 {21-180). A board of engineers to be convened to determine upon
a plan for constructing an ice harbor at St. Louis; an officer of engineers to prepare
a plan for the improvement of the harbor at Kewaunee, Wis.

March 3, 1881 {21-468). One engineer officer to be detailed as member of a board
to examine all inventions of heavy ordnance, and improvements of heavy ordnance,
and projectiles that may be presented to them.

July 1, 1882 {22-135). Operations of the water department of the District of Co-
lumbia to be under direction of the Engineer Commissioner.

August 2, 1882 {22-191) . A board of officers of engineers to examine the Calumet
River, 111., with a view to its improvement; skillful engineers to survey the Illinois
and Michigan Canal for purpose of enlarging the same; no surveys to be made of
rivers and narbors until the Chief of Engineers has reported that the work of im-
provement is a public necessity.

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 531).

AN ACT making appropriation?) for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred
and eighty-four, and for other purposes.

STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILDING.

The President is hereby authorized and directed to designate from
the Engineer Corps of the Army or the Nav} r an officer well qualified for
the purpose, who shall be detailed to act as superintendent of the
completed portions of the State, War, and Navy Department building,
under the direction of the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy, . . .

520 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of July 5, 1884, i?3 Stats., 133).

AN ACT making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of
certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes.

* * *

That a commission to be called the Missouri River Commission is
hereby created, to consist of five members.

That the President shall nominate and, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, appoint five commissioners, three of whom shall
be selected from the Corps of Engineers of the Army . . . ; and
he shall in like manner fill any vacancy in said commission; and he
shall designate one of the commissioners appointed from the Corps of
Engineers to be president of the commission. The commissioners
appointed from the Corps of Engineers shall receive no other pay or
compensation than is allowed them by law ... ; and all said com-
missioners shall remain in office subject to removal by the President
of the United States.

That . . . the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and
directed ... to detail from the Corps of Engineers such officers
and men as may be necessary, . . .

That . . . the Secretary of War may detail from the Corps of
Engineers ... an officer to act as secretary of the commission,

Act of March 3, 1885 {23 Stats., Ifilj).

AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and for
the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred
and eighty-six, and for other purposes.

* -3C* *

And the President of the United States shall appoint a board, of
which the Secretary of War shall be a member and president, to be
composed of two officers of the Engineer Corps, . . . which board
shall examine and report at what ports fortifications or other defences
are most urgently required, the character and kind of defences best
adapted for each, with reference to armament, the utilization of tor-
pedoes, mines, or other defensive appliances, . . .

For the purchase of movable submarine torpedoes propelled and
controlled by power operated and transmitted from shore stations as
may be recommended by the Board of Engineers of the Army of the
United States and approved by the Secretary of War, . . .

* * *

July 20, 1886 {24-147). One or more engineer officers to supervise construction of
a bridge across the west channel of the Detroit River at Detroit.

Act of August 5, 1886 (& Stats., 310).

AN ACT making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of
certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes.

* * *

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 521

and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, connecting the waters of Green Bay
with Lake Michigan, in the State of Wisconsin, with a view to making
the same a free passageway and harbor of refuge, to consider their
value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to naviga-
tion, and which shall give information as to the expediency of the
work and the desirability of their acquisition and improvement. The
said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall la}- its report
before Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself
and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; . . .
* * *

The Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed to ascertain
the value and commercial importance of the works and property of the
Green and Barren River Navigation Company, situated in the Green
and Barren rivers, in the State of Kentucky, and of the Monongahela
Navigation Company, situated on the Monongahela River, in the State
of Pennsylvania; and in order to acquire such information the Secre-
tary of War shall appoint a board of three competent engineers from
the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, which board shall in
each case report to the Secretary of War . . .

* * *

The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board
of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall
be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the two improved
waterways known as the Portage Lake and River Improvement Corn-
pan} 7 Canal and the Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and Iron
Company Canal, being the improved harbors of refuge and the water
communication across Keweenaw Point from Keweenaw Bay to Lake
Superior, by way of Portage River and Lake, in the State of Michi-
gan, with a view to making the same a free passageway and harbor of
refuge, to consider their value, and all other matters connected with
their usefulness to navigation, and which shall give information as to
the expediency of the work and the desirability of their acquisition
and improvement. The said board shall report to the Secretary of
War, who shall lay its report before Congress at its next session,
together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the
United States Army thereon; . . .

* * *

The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board
of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall
be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the Illinois and
Michigan Canal and the proposed Hennepin Canal, to consider their
value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to naviga-
tion, and shall report upon the acquisition and improvement of the
Illinois and Michigan Canal and the construction of the Hennepin
Canal. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall
lay its report before Congress at its next session, together with the
views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States
Army thereon; . . .

* * *

Sec. 7. . . . Provided, That no survey shall be made of any
harbors or rivers until the Chief of Engineers shall have directed a
preliminary examination of the same by the local engineer in charge
of the district, or an engineer detailed for the purpose; and such local

522 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

or detailed engineer shall report to said Chief of Engineers whether,
in his opinion, said harbor or river is worthy of improvement, and
shall state in such report fully and particularly the facts and reasons
on which he bases such opinion, including the present and prospective
demands of commerce; and it shall be the duty of the Chief of Engi
neers to direct the making of such survey if in his opinion, the harbor
or river proposed to be surveyed be worthy of improvement bj T the
General Government; and he shall report to the Secretary of War
the facts and what public necessity or convenience may be subserved
thereby, together with the full reports of the local engineer. . . .
* * *

March 3, 1887 (24-472). Board of engineer officers to examine map and drawings
for bridge across the Great Kanawha River in West Virginia.

Resolution of March 5, 1888 {25 Stats., 618).

JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the Secretary of War to appoint a board of three
engineers to examine and report in relation to the Delaware River between the
city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey, and for other pur-
poses.

That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to
immediately appoint a board of three engineers from the United States
Army, whose duty is shall be to examine, in all their relations to com-
merce, the islands known as Smiths Island, Windmill Island, and
Petty s Island, in the Delaware River, between the city of Philadelphia,
in the State of Pennsylvania, and the city of Camden, in the State of
New Jersey, which board shall forthwith report to the Secretary of
War as to whether said islands, or any shoal in the said river between
or adjacent to the said islands or any of them, constitute an obstruction
to the commerce of the Delaware River or to the passage of vessels
between the said States, and with a view to removing said islands
and shoals to report a plan, with the estimate of cost for their removal,
in whole or in part, and for the improvement of the harbor of the port
of Philadelphia, including the probable cost to the Government of said
islands, so as to secure free and uninterrupted commerce upon the said
Delaware River, and the unobstructed passage of vessels to and from
and between the said States; . . .

May 24, 1888 (25-155). This resolution authorizes the detail of an officer of the
Engineer Corps, in cooperation with the Maumee Valley Monumental Association,
to examine and inspect the enumerated historic grounds, location, and military
works. Survey and full report to be made to Congress.

June 19, 1888 (25-195). Three engineer officers to examine location of proposed
bridge across the Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky.

August 11, 1888 (25-400). Board of three engineers to examine plans for improve-
ment of Winyard Bay, South Carolina, and harbor of St. Augustine, Fla., and har-
bor at Key West, Fla. . and to examine obstructions to navigation at certain points
in the Columbia River; Chief of Engineers to direct preliminary surveys of rivers and
harbors if deemed by hir worthy of improvement.

Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 487).

AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the
armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service,
and for other purposes.

That the appropriations hereinafter provided for shall be available
until expended, and shall be expended under the direct supervision of

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 52S

a board to consist of ... an officer of engineers, ... to
be selected by the Secretary of War, to be called and known as the
Board of Ordnance and Fortification; . . .

Act of October 2, 1888 (25 Stats., 505).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other
purposes.

BUILDING FOR THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

This appropriation and all appropriations hereafter made, and all
sums available from appropriations heretofore made for this purpose,
shall be expended under the direction and supervision of the Chief of
Engineers of the Army, who shall have the control and management
of all of said work and the employment of all persons connected there-
with. And all contracts for the construction of said building, or any
part thereof, shall be made by the Chief of Engineers of the Army;
. . . and the duties of said commission under said act are hereby
devolved upon the Chief of Engineers of the Army, who shall annually
report to Congress, at the commencement of each session, a detailed
statement of all the proceedings under the provisions of this act,
. . . : Provided, That before any further contracts are let for the
construction of said building, general plans for the entire construction
thereof shall be prepared by or under the direction of the Chief of
Engineers of the Army, which plans shall be subject to the inspection
and approval of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the
Interior: . . .

* * *

October 19, 1888 [25-632). Authorizes the Secretary of War to use so much of
unexpended balance of appropriation for the Washington Aqueduct tunnel in District
of Columbia as may be necessary to protect and preserve the work already done upon
that tunnel.

February 23, 1899 (25-690). One or more engineer officers to survey a national
road from the Aqueduct Bridge to Mount Vernon.

Act of March 2, 1889 (25 Stats., 905).

AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for prior
years, and for other purposes.

Water supply, District of Columbia. To enable the Secretary of
War to cause to be constructed and put in operation a forty-eight-inch
cast-iron main from the present distributing reservoir above George-
town, ... to connect with the present forty-eight-inch main
from the new reservoir at R and Fourth streets . . . The said
work shall be done under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, in
the shortest practicable time. . . .

524 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

April 19, 1890 {26-671). Board of engineers to report on practicability and cost
of tunneling the Detroit River near Detroit, Mich.

July 11, 1890 {26-268). Board of engineers to take testimony relative to clear
height of North River Bridge, New York, above ordinary high water.

August 18, 1890 {20-315). An officer of engineers, not below rank of lieutenant-
colonel, to be a member of a board to inquire into the facilities for producing steel
forgings for high-power guns at or near the Pacific coast, in the vicinity of the Rock
Island Arsenal, the Indianapolis Arsenal, and at some point on or near the Gulf
coast; also as to the advisability of erecting at those points gun factories for finishing
and assembling high-power guns.

Resolution of August 28, 1890 (26 Stats., 678).

JOINT RESOLUTION extending the privilege of the Library of Congress to the
members and secretary of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Chief of
Engineers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army.

That the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library be authorized
to extend the use of the books in the Library of Congress to . . .
the Chief of Engineers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army,
resident in Washington, on the same conditions and restrictions as mem-
bers of Congress are allowed to use the Library.

September 19, 1890 {26-426). Boards of three engineer officers to determine best
location for a deep-water harbor between Points Duma and Capistrans, on the Pacific
coast; to report on reduced project, etc., for harbor of refuge at Port Orford, Oreg. ;
to survey most feasible location for a ship canal to connect Lakes Union, Washing-
ton, and Samamish with Puget Sound ; to examine the obstructions to navigation in
the Hudson River.

Act of September 27, 1890 (26 Stats., 492).

AN ACT authorizing the establishing of a public park in the District of Columbia.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, the
Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia, . . . be, and
they are hereby, created a commission to select the land for said park,
of the quantity and within the limits aforesaid, and to have the same
surveyed by the assistant to the said Engineer Commissioner of the
District of Columbia in charge of public highways, which said assist-
ant shall also act as executive officer of the said commission.

* * *

Sec. 7. That the public park authorized and established by this act
shall be under the joint control of the . . . Chief of Engineers of
the United States Army, . . .

September 30, 1890 {26-554)- Board of three engineer officers to determine in a
given contingency whether the use of the Louisville and Portland Canal basin by
Messrs. Byrne and Speed is prejudicial to the canal or its use.

Resolution of December 24, 1890 (26 Stats., 1113).

JOINT RESOLUTION defining a quorum of the Board of Commissioners of the
District of Columbia, and for other purposes.

. . . Hereafter such Engineer Commissioner may, in the discre-
tion of the President of the United States, be detailed from among the
captains or officers of higher grade having served at least fifteen years
in the Corps of Engineers of the Army of the United States.

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 525

February 9, 1891 {26-740). Safe deep harbor on the coast of Texas, to be inspected
by Army engineers.

July IS, 1892 (27-88). Board of five engineer officers to carefully examine for a
proposed deep-water harbor at San Pedro or Santa Monica bays, California; board of
seven engineer officers to report on removal of obstructions to navigation in the
Columbia River; Chief of Engineers to submit, with his views, reports of local and
division engineers having made preliminary examinations of rivers and harbors
authorized by this act.

Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276).

AN ACT amending the act of October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled
"An act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regu-
late promotions therein."

* * *

Sec. 2. That the examination of officers of the Corps of Engineers
. . . who were officers or enlisted men in the regular or volunteer
service, either in the Army, Navy, or the Marine Corps, during the
war of the rebellion, shall be conducted hj boards composed in the
same manner as for the examination of other officers of their respective
corps and department; and the examination shall embrace the same
subjects prescribed for all other officers of similar grades in the Corps
of Engineers, . . . respectively.

July 27, 1892 (27-281). An engineer officer to be detailed to examine and report
upon work for the improvement of the outer bar of Brunswick, Ga. (This provision
is repeated in act of March 1, 1893 (27-529).

August 5, 1$92 (27-349). Brig. Gen. T. L. Casey to continue in charge of building
for the Library of Congress, whether on the active or the retired list of the Army.

Act of March 1, 1893 (27 Stats., 507).

AN ACT to create the California Debris Commission and regulate hydraulic mining

in the State of California.

That a commission is hereby created, to be known as the California
Debris Commission, consisting of three members. The President of
the United States shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate, appoint the commission from officers of the Corps of Engineers,
United States Army. Vacancies occurring therein snail be tilled in
like manner. It shall have the authority and exercise the powers
hereinafter set forth, under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers
and direction of the Secretary of War.

Sec. 2. That said commission shall organize within thirty days after
its appointment by the selection of such officers as may be required in
the performance of its duties, the same to be selected from trie mem-
bers thereof. The members of said commission shall receive no
greater compensation than is now allowed by law to each, respectively,
as an officer of said Corps of Engineers.

* * *

March 1, 1893 (27-529). An officer of Engineers to examine and report upon
improvement of the outer bar of Brunswick, Georgia.

March 2, 1898 (27-532). Chief of Engineers to be a member of the commission
created for supervision of permanent system of highways in District of Columbia,
outside of cities.

September 7, 1898 (28-2). Repairs to the old Ford's Theater to be made under
direction of the Chief of Engineers.

526 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 29, 1894. (28 Stats., p).

AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government.

That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treas-
ury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession
of officers or agents, . . . the Chief of Engineers, . . . shall
certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department,
for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or
agent intrusted with the public property, arising from any loss, accru-
ing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to

him.

* * *

June 27, 1894 {28-586). Commission of three engineer officers to report, upon cost
of deepening the harbors of Superior and Duluth.

August 6, 1894 {28-233). Purchases, not exceeding $200, may be made in open
market.

August 18, 1894 {28-338). Two officers of engineers to be members of a board to
certify correctness of accounts for improving outer bar of Brunswick, Ga.; Chief of
Engineers and one officer of his corps to be members of a board to determine the
most feasible route for construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; board
of three engineer officers to survey canal routes from Lake Erie to the Ohio River
and report to Congress at its next session. Resolution of December 24, 1894 (28-967)
authorizes delay of report until the first session of the next Congress.

March 2, 1895 {28-744)- Improvement of the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir to be
under Col. G. H. Elliott notwithstanding his retirement, and in the event of his
death, under the direction of the Chief of Engineers.

March 2, 1895 {28-910) . Board of three engineer officers to examine bar of Yaquina
Bay, Oregon; one officer of engineers to be member of a board to ascertain feasibility
and cost of constructing and completing the Nicaraguan Canal ; officer in charge of
building for the Library of Congress to receive the pay and allowances of his grade
on the active list; fireproof building for the Government printing office to be con-
structed by the Chief of Engineers.

June 3, 1896 {29-202) . One officer of engineers to be member of a board to report
on improvements by Brazos River Channel and Dock Company; boards of three
engineer officers each to report on dike between Reedy Island and Liston's Point,
Pa. ; to submit plans for the improvement of the Sacrar >ento and Feather rivers,
California.

March 3, 1897 {29-685) . Board of three engineer officers to report on plan and loca-
tion of a bridge over the Mississippi River to the city of St. Louis, Mo.

June 4, 1897 {30-11). Boards of three engineer officers each to survey and deter-
mine routes and cost of deep waterways between the great lakes and the Atlantic
tide waters; to examine improvements at Aransas Pass, Tex. Chief of Engineers
to make the surveys, etc., for a memorial bridge from Washington City to Arlington.

February 17, 1898 {30-735). Board of three engineer officers to survey and
report upon practicability of a navigable channel throughout southwest pass of the
Mississippi River.

April 11, 1898 {30-737). Incases of emergency, temporary forts or fortifications
may be constructed upon written consent of the owner of the land on which such
work is to be placed.

Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361).

AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the
United States in time of war, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall
consist of . . . one chief engineer, . . . who shall have
. . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the com-
mander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief engineer,
. . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . .

THK CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 527

Act of April 26, 1898 {30 Stats., 364).

AN ACT for the better organization of the line of the Army of the United States.
* * *

Sec. 3. That upon a declaration of war by Congress, or a declaration
of Congress that war exists, the enlisted strength of a company . . .
may, in the discretion of the President, be increased to comprise not
exceeding:

For each company of engineers: one first sergeant, ten sergeants,
ten corporals, two musicians, sixty-four first-class privates, sixtj^-three
second-class privates; total enlisted, one hundred and fifty. . . .

* *

May 11, 1898 (30-405). Not to exceed three officers of engineers may hold volun-
teer commissions at the same time in any one of the three regiments of engineers
authorized; all officers to be appointed by the President and with the consent of the
Senate.

June 28, 1898 (80-519). Chief of Engineers to be a member of the commission to
examine plat of readjustment of highways in District of Columbia outside of cities.

June 29, 1898 (30-522). One officer of engineers to be member of board to deter-
mine width of draw or pivot span in bridge across Niagara river; one or more engi-
neer officers to be constituted a board to personally supervise construction of said
bridge.

Act of July 5, 1898 (30 Stats., 652).

AN ACT relative to the Corps of Engineers of the Army.

That the Corps of Engineers of the Army shall hereafter consist of
one Chief of Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-general, seven
colonels, fourteen lieutenant-colonels, twenty-eight majors, thirty -five
captains, thirty first lieutenants, twelve second lieutenants, and the
battalion of engineers: Provided, That the vacancies created by this
act in all grades above second lieutenant shall be filled by the promotion
by seniority of the officers now in the Corps of Engineers: And pro-
vided further, That the number of officers in any grade above second
lieutenant shall not be increased beyond the number heretofore estab-
lished by law by the promotion of any officer to fill an original vacancy
created by this act until such officer shall have served at least three
years in the grade from which he is promoted, and the captains and
lieutenants snail have satisfactorily passed the examinations required
by existing laws.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the
United States shall consist of . . . a Corps of Engineers. . . .

* * *

Sec. 7. That the ... Corps of Engineers . . . shall con-
sist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: Provided,
That the battalion of engineers, and the officers serving therewith,
shall constitute a part of the line of the Army. . . .

528 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 13. . . . And provided also, That any officer now in the
Army who was graduated at the head of his class at the United States
Military Academy and who is not now in the Corps of Engineers, may
be appointed to the Corps of Engineers with the same grade and date
of commission that he would have if he had been appointed to the
Corps of Engineers on graduation; but said commission shall not
entitle an officer to any back pay or allowance.

* * *

March 3, 1899 {30-1074)- Government Printing Office to be erected under super-
vision of Chief of Engineers. Appropriation for the repair of the house in which
Abraham Lincoln died, to be expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers.

March 3, 1899 (30-1131). Boards of engineer officers to report upon respective
routes from Miami, Fla., to the sea; to report on channel through southwest pass of
the Mississippi River; to investigate proposed improvement of YaquinaBay, Oregon;
to examine project of improvement of Delaware River from Trenton to its mouth; to
reexamine channel through Sabine Lake; to examine the Arkansas River with a view
to its improvement; to survey and estimate cost of improving the Illinois and Des
Plaines rivers; engineers to make full investigation of the Isthmus of Panama; Chief
of Engineers, in his annual reports, to state what deterioration has taken place in
works of river and harbor improvement.

March 3, 1899 (30-1372). Authorizes the commission, of which the officer in
charge of public buildings and grounds shall be a member, to erect upon Mount Ver-
non square, in Washington City, a building for the use of the Washington Public
Library.

February 9, 1900 (31- .) Engineer member of deep waterways commission to
receive difference between his army pay and the compensation of the other members
of the commission.

June 6, 1900 (31- ). Appropriations by this act for emergencies in river and
harbor works, etc., to be expended under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers;
no allotment to be made unless recommended by him.

Board of engineers, heretofore appointed to survey the upper Illinois and lower
Des Plaines rivers, to report an estimate for channels 10, 12 and 14 feet deep through
proposed route including connection at Lockport with the sanitary and ship canal; to
report also the cost for the improvement of the lower Illinois River for channels of
similar depths.

An engineer officer to be member of a board to make plans and estimates for
improvement of a harbor at the island of Guam.

June 6, 1900 (31- ). Chief of Engineers to have the employment of all persons
connected with the plans for extending the Executive Mansion; to make an examina-
tion of plans for park improvements in Washington City; road extensions and
improvements, etc., in Yellowstone National Park to be made under a general plan
approved by the Chief of Engineers.

Improvement of the Missouri River from its mouth to Sioux City, Iowa, to be done
according to plans, etc., of the Missouri River Commission, and approved by the
Chief of Engineers.

Act of February 0, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States . . . shall consist of ... a Corps of Engineers, . . .

* * *

Sec. 11. That the enlisted force of the Corps of Engineers shall con-
sist of one band and three battalions of engineers. The engineers
band shall be organized as now provided by law for bands of infantry
regiments. Each battalion of engineers shall consist of one sergeant-
major, one quartermaster-sergeant, and four companies. Each com-
pany of engineers shall consist of one first sergeant, one quartermaster-
sergeant, with the rank, pay, and allowances of sergeant, eight

THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 529

sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, two cooks, thirty-eight first-
class and thirtv-eight second-class privates: Provided, That the Presi-
dent may, in his discretion, increase the number of sergeants in any
company of engineers to twelve, the number of corporals to eighteen,
the number of first-class privates to sixty-four, and the number of
second-class privates to sixty-four, but the total number of enlisted
men authorized for the whole Army shall not, at any time, be exceeded:
Andpromded, That officers detailed from the Corps of Engineers to
serve as battalion adjutants and battalion quartermasters and commis-
saries shall, while so serving, receive the pay and allowances herein
authorized for battalion staff officers of infantry regiments.

* -X- *

Sec. 22. That the Corps of Engineers shall consist of one Chief of
Engineers with the rank of brigadier-general, seven colonels, four-
teen lieutenant-colonels, twenty-eight majors, forty captains, forty
first lieutenants, and thirty second lieutenants. The enlisted force
provided in section eleven of this act and the officers serving there-
with shall constitute a part of the line of the Army: Provided, That
the Chief of Engineers shall be selected as now provided by law, and
hereafter vacancies in the Corps of Engineers in all other grades above
that of second lieutenant shall be filled, as far as possible, by promo-
tion according to seniority from the Corps of Engineers: And pro-
vided also, That vacancies remaining in the grades of first and second
lieutenant may be filled by transfer of officers of the Regular Army,
subject to such professional examination as may be approved by the
Secretary of War. Vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant not
filled by transfer shall be left for future promotions from the Corps
of Cadets at the United States Military Academy.

* * *

Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans-
ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this
act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number
detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart-
ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the
staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If
under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any
particular arm of the service at am r time exceeds the number authorized
by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the
number has been reduced to that authorized.

S. Doc. 229 34

X.-THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

531

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

May 27, 1775, Congress appointed a committee to consider ways and
means to supply the colonies with ammunition and military stores, and
the British Government having prohibited the exportation of arms
and ammunition to any of the plantations the Congress authorized the
exportation of produce in all vessels importing munitions of war.

While, July 16, 1776, a Commissioner of Artillery Stores was
appointed (April 11, 1777, styled Commissioner-General of Military
Stores) the business of procuring arms and ammunition was conducted
by a secret committee and the Board of War.

The act of April 2, 1794, authorized the President to appoint an offi-
cer whose duty, under the Department of War, was to superintend the
receiving, safe-keeping, and distribution of military stores.

The Ordnance Department was first established under the act of May
14, 1812. It was not provided for in the reduction of the Army March
3, 1815; but the act of April 24, 1816, provided that it be continued as
organized under the act of February 8, 1815.

By the act of March 2, 1821, the Ordnance Department, as an independ-
ent bureau, was abolished and merged in the artillery. The President
was authorized to select such artillery officers as might be necessary to
perform ordnance duties, and to each regiment of that arm one super
numerary captain was attached for ordnance duty. The provision of
that law making the artillery officers subject only to the orders of the
War Department while on ordnance duty was almost tantamount to
preserving the independence of the bureau, and must be regarded as a
manifestation by Congress of a want of confidence in the success of the
scheme. The law was passed in the interests of economy, simplicity of
organization, and thoroughness of instruction. Mr. Secretary Calhoun,
who strongly advocated the measure, said:

By uniting the three corps of the ordnance, light artillery, and artillery in one,
appointing one general staff at the head of it, and making its officers pass in rotation
through the three services, the organization of the Army will be rendered more
simple and the instruction of the officers much more complete.

Experience, however, proved that neither interest was at all sub-
served. After eleven years' trial the experiment proved a failure, and
was so acknowledged by the ablest generals of the Army and the most
distinguished public men of the country, including Mr. Calhoun himself.
Accordingly the Department was reorganized on an independent footing
by the act of April 5, 1832.

Commissary of Artillery Stores.

Aug. 17,1775. Mr. Ezekiel Cheever.

July 16, 177<i. Benjamin Flower, esq. (Pennsylvania), for the flying camp.

Jan. 18, 1777. Maj. Samuel French.

533

534 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Feb. 1, 1777. Mr. St. George Peale, for Maryland.

Feb. 1, 1777. Maj. Jonathan Gostelow.

Feb. 5, 1777. Maj. Joseph Watkins.

Mar. 8, 1777. Maj. Charles Lukens.

Sept. 17, 1782. Richard Frothingham, for the main army.

Inspector- General of Ordnance and Military Manufactories.

Aug. 11, 1777. Mons. du Coudray (France).

Commissary- General of Military Stores.

July 16, 1776. Benjamin Flower, esq. (Pennsylvania).
July 12,1781. Samuel Hodgdon (Pennsylvania).

Commissary-General of Ordnance.

July 2, 1812. Col. Decius Wadsworth (Connecticut).

Chief of Ordnance.

Feb. 9, 1815. Lieut. Col. (Col. May 30, 1832) George Bomford (New York).

Mar. 25, 1848. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen. May 30, 1848) George Talcott (New York).

July 10, 1851. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) Henry K. Craig (Pennsylvania).

Aug. 3, 1861. Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) James W. Ripley (Con-
necticut).

Sept. 15, 1863. Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) George D. Ramsey (District
of Columbia).

Sept. 12, 1864. Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) Alexander B. Dyer (Mis-
souri) .

June 23, 1874. Brig. Gen. Stephen V. Benet (Florida).

Jan. 23, 1891. Brig. Gen. Daniel W. Flagler (New York) .

Apr. 5, 1899. Brig. Gen. Adelbert R. Buffington (Virginia).

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

May %7, 1775.

Upon motion, agreed, that Mr. Washington, Mr. Schuyler, Mr.
Mifflin, Mr. Deane, Mr. Morris, and Mr. S. Adams be a committee to
consider on ways and means to supply these colonies with ammunition
and military stores.

June 10, 1775.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several towns and districts
in the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, and the eastern
division of New Jersey, to collect all the saltpetre and brimstone of
their several towns and districts, and transmit the same, with all pos-
sible dispatch, to the provincial convention at New York.

That it be recommended to the provincial convention of the colony
of New York to have the powder mills in that colony put into such a
condition as immediately to manufacture into gunpowder, for the use
of the continent, whatever materials may be procured in the manner
above directed.

That it be recommended to the committees of the western division
of New Jersey, the colonies of Pennsylvania, lower counties on Dela-
ware and Maryland, that they without delay collect the saltpetre and
sulphur in their respective colonies, and transmit the same for the
committee of the city and liberties of Philadelphia, to the end that
those articles may be immediately manufactured into gunpowder for
the use of the continent.

That it be recommended to the conventions and committees of the
colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina that they
without delay collect the saltpetre and sulphur in their respective col-
onies, and procure these articles to be manufactured, as soon as pos-
sible, into gunpowder for the use of the continent.

That it be recommended to the several inhabitants of the United
Colonies who are possessed of saltpetre and sulphur for their own
use to dispose of them for the purpose of manufacturing gunpowder.

That the saltpetre and sulphur collected in consequence of the above
r solves of Congress he paid for out of the continental fund.

That Mr. Paine, Mr. Lee, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Schuyler, and Mr.
.Johnson be a committee to devise ways and means to introduce the
manufacture of saltpetre in these colonies.

536

536 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

July 15, 1775.

Whereas the Government of Great Britain hath prohibited the
exportation of arms and ammunition to any of the plantations, and
endeavored to prevent other nations from supplying us:

Resolved, That for the better furnishing these colonies with the
necessary means of defending their rights, every vessel importing
gunpowder, saltpetre, sulphur, provided they bring with the sulphur
four times as much saltpetre, brass field pieces, or good muskets fixed
with bayonets, within nine months from the date of this resolution,
shall be permitted to load and export the produce of these colonies to
the value of such powder and stores aforesaid, the nonexportation
agreement notwithstanding; and it is recommended to the committees
of the several provinces to inspect the military stores so imported,
and to estimate a generous price for the same, according to their good-
ness, and permit the importer of such powder or other military stores
aforesaid to export the value thereof, and no more, in produce of any
kind.

July 19, 1775.

Resolved, That the appointment of ... a commissary of artil-
lery be left to General Washington.

July 29, 1775.

Resolved, That the pay of the . . . be . . .
Commissary of artillery, thirty dollars per do. [month].

July 31, 1775.

On motion made, resolved, that Mr. Langdon, Mr. J. Adams, Mr.
Hopkins, Mr. Deane, Mr. Clinton, Mr. Crane, Doctor Franklin, Mr.
Rodney, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Henry, Mr. Hewes, Mr. Gadsden, and Mr.
Hall be a committee, in the recess of Congress, to make enquiry in all
the colonies after virgin lead and leaden ores, and the best methods of
collecting, smelting, and refining it.

August 17, 1775. "Mr. Ezekiel Cheever is appointed commissary of artillery
stores. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

September U, 1775.

Ordered, That the delegates for Pennsylvania prepare and lay before
the Congress to-morrow an account of the powder belonging to the
United Colonies received, and how it is disposed of; also an account
of all the powder now in this city.

. September 18, 1775.

Resolved, That a secret committee be appointed to contract for the
importation and delivery of any quantitj^ of gunpowder, not exceed-
ing five hundred tons.

That in case such a quantity of gunpowder can not be procured, to
contract for the importation of so much saltpetre, with a proportion-
ate quantity of sulphur, as with the powder procured will make five
hundred tons.

THK ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 537

That the said committee be empowered to contract for the importa-
tion of forty brass field pieces (six-pounders), for 10,000 stands of arms,
and 20,000 good plain double bridle musket locks.

* * *

That the said committee consist of nine members, any five of whom
to be a quorum.

The members chosen: Mr. Willing, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Livingston,
Mr. Alsop, Mr. Deane, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Langdon, Mr. McKean,
and Mr. Ward.

October 5, 1775.

It- solved, That a letter be sent to General Washington to inform
him that Congress, having received certain intelligence of the sailing
of two north-country-built brigs, of no force, from England on the
11th of August last, loaded with arms, powder, and other stores, for
Quebec, without convoy, which it being of importance to intercept,
desire that he apply to the council of Massachusetts Bay for the two
armed vessels in their service, and despatch the same, with a sufficient
number of people, stores, etc. , particularly a number of oars, in order,
if possible, to intercept the said two brigs and their cargoes and secure
the same for the use of the continent; also any other transports laden
with ammunition . . . for the use of the ministerial army or navy
in America, and secure them in the most convenient places for the
purpose above mentioned. . . .

November 4-, 1775.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies or con-
ventions of the colonies, respectively, to set and keep their gunsmiths
at work to manufacture good firelocks, with bayonets; each firelock
to be made with a good bridle lock, three-quarters of an inch bore,
and of good substance at the breech, the barrel to be three feet eight
inches in length, the bayonet to be eighteen inches in the blade, with
a steel ramrod, the upper loop thereof to be trumpet mouthed; that
the price to be given be fixed by the assembly or convention or com-
mittee of safety of each colony, and that until a sufficient quantity of
good arms can be manufactured they import as many as are wanted
by all the moans in their power.

Resolved* That the good arms of such soldiers as leave the service
be retained for the use of the new Army, on a valuation made of them.

November 8, 1775.

Resolved, That the secret committee appointed to contract for the
importation of urns, ammunition, etc., be empowered to export to the
foreign West Indies, on account and risque of the continent, as much
provision or any other produce (except horned cattle, sheep, hogs, and
poultry^ as they may deem necessary for the importation of arms.
ammunition, sulphur, and saltpetre

November 8, 1775. The committee appointed to confer with General Schuyler was
instructed to advise the genera] to purchase the arms of sick officers and soldiers for
the use of those who had none or had ones.

November 10, 1775. The assemblies, conventions, and committees of safety of the
thirteen united colonies requested to appoint persons in each colony to employ and

538 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

set to work as many persons as they may think proper, to work up such earth as is
fit for making saltpetre and collect all such earth and composition of materials as are
suitable to produce saltpetre.

November 11, 1775. Congress recommended to such proprietors of tobacco ware-
houses and tobacco houses in Virginia and Maryland as can not speedily have the
earth of the floors of their houses worked for saltpetre to cause those floors to be
dug up and left fine, loose, and light, at least six inches deep, suffering the tobacco
stalks and trashy leaves to be spread thereon.

November 18, 1775. " The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bullocks
that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Quartermaster-
General, who is also to provide as many as he can get, and have the whole made
into good powder horns for the use of the troops." {Orders, General Headquarters,
Cambridge. )

November W, 1775.

Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to contract for
the importation of an hundred tons of lead.

January 3, 1776.

Resolved, That the following goods and stores ought to be imported
as soon as possible for the use of the United Colonies, viz:
* * *

20,000 stand of arms.
300 tons of lead.
1,000,000 of flints.

1,500 boxes of tin, and wire properly sorted for it.

$ # - 4

500 sheets of copper of different sorts.
Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered and directed to
pursue the most effectual measures for importing the foregoing articles.

January 8, 1776.

Information being given to Congress that about fifty-seven tons of
saltpetre were arrived at Philadelphia, and about 15 tons of powder at
New York, for sale:

Resolved, . That the secret committee be directed to treat for the
purchase of the saltpetre, and enquire how it may be most speedily
manufactured into powder, and report to Congress.

January 15, 1776.

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to make an estimate
of the number of cannon that may be wanted for the defense of the
United Colonies and to devise ways and means for procuring them,
and that it be an instruction to said committee to enquire what size
cannon can be cast in these Colonies.

The members chosen: Mr. Wisner, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Rogers, Mr.
Allen, and Mr. Paine.

January 21, 1776. "The colonel or commanding officer of each regiment is forth-
with to send out one or two prudent and sensible officers to buy up such arms as are
wanted for his regiment. These officers to be also good judges of arms, and they are
directed to purchase none but such as are proper and in the best repair, and if pos-
sible to get them with bayonets, but not to refuse a good firelock without. ' ' ( Orders,
General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 539

January 28, 1776. ' ' The colonels or commanding officers of regiments are requested
to buy any good arms which the militia may voluntarily incline to sell." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

February 3, 1776. "All arms purchased by the officers sent upon that duty are to
be first delivered to Mr. Commissary Cheever for inspection, who is to report their
number and goodness to the general before they are delivered out of his store."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. )

February 5, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the appointments by General Schuyler of
Mr. Hubbard Brown to be conductor of artillery, . . . Mr. Peter
Schuyler to take charge of the arms, . . . be confirmed; and that
General Schuyler be desired to inform Congress of the proper salaries
to be annexed to these offices.

Resolved, . . . That it be recommended to the convention or
committee of safety of New York to prosecute the discovery of the
lead mine at New Canaan. . . .

February 20, 1776.

Resolved, That two hundred and fifty twelve-pounders, sixty nine-
pounders, and sixty-two four-pounders be purchased for the use of
these Colonies;

That the committee on ways and means of procuring cannon be
empowered to purchase or contract for making the same;

That a new member be added to the committee.

The member chosen: Mr. W. Livingston.

February 23, 1776.

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to contract for the
making of muskets and bayonets for the use of the United Colonies,
and to consider of farther ways and means of promoting and encourag-
ing the manufacture of firearms in all parts of the United Colonies.

The members chosen: Mr. Paine, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Huntington, Mr.
Lee, and Mr. L. Morris.

* * *

Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered, for the purpose
of procuring arms and ammunition, to export the produce of these
Colonies, equal to the amount of that by them exported in two vessels
lately taken by the enemy.

* * *

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies, con-
ventions, councils, or committees of safety, and committees of corre-
spondence and inspection in the United Colonies to exert themselves
in devising farther ways and means of promoting and encouraging the
manufacture of saltpetre and of introducing that manufacture into
private families.

That it be recommended to the assemblies and conventions in the
United Colonies that they immediately establish public works in each
and every county in their respective colonies, at the expense of such
colonies, for the manufacture of saltpetre, and appoint committees of
their own members immediately to set up such manufactures;

540 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That it be recommended to the assemblies and conventions, councils,
or committees of safety of every colony forthwith to erect powder
mills in their respective colonies, and appoint committees to build such
mills and procure persons well skilled in the manufacture of powder,
at the expense of such colonies;

That a committee of this Congress, to consist of one member from
each colony, be appointed to consider of further ways and means of
promoting and encouraging the manufactures of saltpetre, sulphur,
and gunpowder in these colonies, and to correspond with the several
assemblies and conventions and councils or committees of safety in
the several colonies, that Congress may be from time to time truly
informed of the progress made in these manufactures.

The members chosen: Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Paine, Mr. Hopkins, Mr.
Huntington, Mr. L. Morris, Mr. Sergeant, Mr. Humphreys, Mr. Read,
Mr. Paca, Mr. Braxton, Mr. Hewes, Mr. E. Rutledge, and Mr. Bullock.

March 3, 1776. "The Quartermaster-General may draw the carbines out of the
commissary's stores and put them into the hands of the carpenters or such others
as he shall think will use them to the best advantage, taking care to return them
when called for. All arms in store fit for use may be delivered out to the Adjutant-
General's order." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

April 13, 1776.

Resolved, That the committee for casting cannon be directed to
contract for the casting of forty howitzers, with a sufficient quantity
of shells.

April 19, 1776.

Resolved, That an immediate supply of arms ... be furnished
for the troops in Virginia, and that proper persons be appointed to
procure them, subject to the order of Congress already entered into.

May U, 1776.

Resolved, That, as a number of arms, fit for use, may be bought from
the owners, who may incline to sell them, General Washington be
directed to employ such an agent as he has proposed to go into the
colonies for that purpose.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to deliver to Colonel
Jacob Ford, jr., three tons of saltpetre to be by him manufactured
intc gunpowder for the use of* the United Colonies, on the same terms
as others have agreed to manufacture it.

* * *

That the said committee be directed to deliver to Colonel Bird 200
lbs. of powder to prove the cannon he is making for the United Colo-
nies.

Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the making
of cannon be directed to employ proper persons to attend and see the
cannon proved.

May 18, 1776.

Resolved, That it [letter from Mr. Langdon] be referred to the com-
mittee of secret correspondence and that the said committee be directed
to apply to the marine committee for the use of one or more of the
continental fleet; and that they send the same to the French West

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 541

India Islands, in order to procure, if possible, a number of muskets,
not exceeding 10,000.

May 23, 1776. From a resolve of this date, it appears that a continental factory
of firearms existed at Lancaster, Pa., and a gunlock factory at Trenton, N. J.

May 25, 1776.

Resolved, That the arms, ammunition, and military stores taken by
the armed schooner Franklin, or any other of the armed vessels in
the pay of the United Colonies, be at the disposal of the general or
Commander in Chief of the American forces.

June 3, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the general assembly of the colony of
Massachusetts Bay, the governor and assembly of the colony of Con-
necticut, the conventions of New York and New Jersey, and the sev-
eral conventions of such other of the United Colonies, in which there
are any lead mines, be requested to transmit to Congress, with all con-
venient dispatch, the state and condition of the lead mines in their
respective colonies, and use the most speedy means to procure their
being wrought to effect.

* * *

Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief be authorized to
form and fix such magazines of . . . military stores as he may
judge necessary.

June 17, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the committee appointed to contract for
cannon be directed to procure a number of brass or iron field pieces,
to be made or purchased immediately.

June 25, 1776.

Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for making
muskets be directed to consider the propriety of granting a bounty,
or other means, for encouraging the making of muskets.

July 1>, 1776.

Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to employ such a
number of persons as they shall find necessary to manufacture flints
for the Continent; and, for this purpose, to apply to the respective
assemblies, conventions, and councils, or committee of safety of the
United American States, or committees of inspection of the counties
and towns thereunto belonging, for the names and places of abode of
persons skilled in the manufactory aforesaid, and of the places in their
respective States where the best flint stones are to be obtained, with
samples of the same.

July 5, 1776.

Resolved, That Mr. John Coburn, who has acted as an assistant con-
ductor of military stores in Canada, and has produced certificates of
his having done his duty in that station, be allowed lieutenant's pay
from the first day of March to the first day of June last.

542 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

July 16, 1776.

The Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of military
stores for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken,
Benjamin Flower, esq., was elected.

July 19, 1776.

Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the making
cannon be empowered to contract with Messrs. Hughes for one thou-
sand tons of cannon on the terms by them proposed.

August 21, 1776.

Resolved, That the cannon committee be directed to contract for the
immediate casting of six 6-pounders, six 12-pounders, four 8-inch
howitzers, four 6-inch howitzers, and 6 cohorn mortars, to be made of
brass, if a sufficient quantity of that metal can be procured; if not, to
be cast of iron, and sent as soon as possible to General Gates for the
use of the northern army, and that the said committee provide also
carriages and everything necessary to complete the said artillery for
service.

August 28, 1776.

Resolved, That there be an inspector or inspectors sufficiently quali-
fied to judge the goodness of gunpowder, who shall examine every
cask of gunpowder manufactured or to be purchased on account of the
United States, by the most approved method of ascertaining the quality
of gunpowder; that said inspector or inspectors to receive one-eighth
part of a dollar for every hundredweight of powder he or they shall
so examine;

That no gunpowder be received into the public magazine for the use
of the United States of America, or delivered from the powder mills
fort hat purpose, but such as has been approved by the public inspector
as to its quickness in firing, strength, dryness, and other necessary
qualities;

That the inspector mark each cask approved with the letters U. S. A. ,
and such other marks as are necessary to distinguish the several sorts
of powder;

That every maker of gunpowder mark every cask in which he shall
pack his gunpowder with the first letters of his name;

That gunpowder be put into no casks but such as are well seasoned
and dry;

That it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States of
America to cause suitable inspectors to be appointed to examine and
determine the quality of all gunpowder manufactured within their
jurisdiction, and that no person be allowed to vend any gunpowder
manufactured in any of the States of America unless the same, in the
judgment of such inspector, shall be of sufficient quality, and to make
sucn laws for executing this or any other regulations for promoting
the manufacture of good gunpowder as to them may seem most con-
venient.

Congress then proceeded to the election of an inspector of gunpowder;
and, the ballots being taken,

Robert Towers was chosen.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 543

September 18, 1776.

* *

Ordered, That the secret committee furnish the said committee
[appointed to contract for casting cannon] with two barrels of powder
for proving cannon.

September 20, 1776.

Ordered, That Mr. Paine write to Governor Trumbull respecting the
practicability of enlarging the furnace at Salisbury for casting heavy
cannon there, and request his opinion concerning the same.

September 27, 1776.

Ordered, That the secret committee deliver to the board of war the
care and custody of all arms, ammunition, and other warlike stores
now under their care or that may hereafter be imported or purchased
by them for account of the United States of America.

October 21, 1776.

The secret committee having informed Congress that a vessel was
arrived in New Hampshire with a cargo on account of the Continent,
among which was a quantity of flints, it was thereon

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to order 30,000 of
the said flints to General Schuyler, for the use of the army in the
Northern Department, and the remainder to General Washington, for
the use of the army under his immediate command.

October 22, 1776.

The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at
Portsmouth in the brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists
of the following articles, viz, . . . 250 small arms, 100,000 flints,
. . . and 10 tons of lead; whereupon,

Resolved, . . . That 60,000 flints be sent to General Washington;

That 38,000 flints, 150 small arms, . . . and 8 tons of lead be
sent to the northern army, under General Schuyler and General Gates.

November 1>, 1776.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies or con-
ventions of the colonies, respectively, to set and keep their gunsmiths
at work to manufacture good firelocks, with bayonets, each firelock
be made with a good bridle lock, three-quarters of an inch bore, and
of good .substance at the breech, the barrel to be three feet 8 inches in
length, the bayonet to be 18 inches in the blade, with a steel ramrod,
the upper loop thereof to be trumpet-mouthed; that the price to be
given to be fixed by the assembly or convention or committee of each
Colon}-, and that until a sufficient quantity of good arms can be manu-
factured they import a- many as are wanted by all the means in their
power.

544 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Resolved, That the good arms of such soldiers as leave the service
be retained for the use of the new army, on a valuation made of them.

November 19, 1776.

Resolved, That 100 tbree-pounders, 50 six- pounders, 50 twelve-
pounders, 13 eighteen-pounders, and 13 twenty-four-pounders, all of
brass, be immediately provided as field artillery for the use of the
armies of the United States;

That the secret committee be directed to take the most effectual meas-
ures for procuring the said brass artillery; that the said committee
confer with the committee for procuring cannon and consult with them
how many they can provide;

That this matter be kept as secret as the nature of the business will
admit.

Resolved, . . . That some proper person be appointed to act in
the capacity of armorer to assist the commissary of [military] stores
in inspecting, superintending repairs, and taking care of all the Conti-
nental arms in the public magazine at Philadelphia.

November 19, 1776. Congress desired Pennsylvania and the States south to lay up
military stores, ammunition, etc.

November 26, 1776.

Resolved, That the cannon committee be directed to enquire what
quantity of cannon are on board the prize ship that arrived yesterday
in the port of Philadelphia, and if they are fit for field artillery to take
measures to have them mounted on proper carriages and sent to
General Washington.

November 28, 1776.

Resolved, That a letter be sent to Governor Trumbull, desiring him
to order 20 cannon, carrying shot of 18 pounds weight, to be cast at
Salisbury furnace; . . .

That skillful persons be sent to examine the Salisbury and Mr.
Livingston's founderies; and if it be found that a sufficient number of
cannon may be cast there, that proper artificers be forthwith emplojed
in the work, an agreement being first made with Governor Trumbull
and Mr. Livingston for that purpose.

November 28, 1776. A plan for an artillery yard was referred to a committee com-
posed of Messrs. R. H. Lee, Paine, and Middleton.

November 29, 1776.

Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to provide, as soon
as may be, arms . . . for 3,000 horse.

December 2, 1776.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the governor and council of
Virginia to take the most effectual measures for purchasing and col-
lecting, for Continental use, all the copper and other materials fit for
casting brass field artillery that can be got in that State, and the Con-
gress will defray the cost and expense of the same.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 545

December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, Congress ordered that
the arms and ammunition in and near Philadelphia be put under control of General
Putnam, who was charged with the defense of the city.

December U, 1776.

Resolved, That two other magazines of ammunition, in addition to
that agreed on the 21st, be formed, one in the Eastern States and one
in the Southern States.

Ordered, That the Delegates of the Eastern States confer together,
and also those of the Southern States, and fix upon proper places, and
report to Congress on Thursday next.

December 30, 1776.

Resolved, That General Schuyler, or the commanding officer of the
northern arm}', be directed to cause an elaboratory to be erected at
such place as he shall judge most convenient, to fix all the necessary
ammunition for the ensuing campaign.

January 11^, 1777.

Resolved, That Messrs. Morris, Clymer, and Walton be directed,
with all possible dispatch, to procure in the State of Pennsylvania or
New Jersey, and send to Albany, three tons of steel and five tons of
nail rods for the use of the Army in the Northern Department.

January %%, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That Thomas Butler be appointed public armorer,
and that he immediately repair to the city of Philadelphia to superin-
tend the said business agreeably to the resolve of the 19th of November;

That he be allowed 3 dollars a day for his pay and subsistence.

January U, 1777.

Resolved, That the pay of the commissary of military stores, to be
appointed to take, charge and care of the Continental stores in Mary-
land, be 40 dollars per month.

February 1, 1777.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of military stores
in Maryland; and the ballots being taken,
Mr. Saint George Peale was elected.

February U, 1777.

RrHoliud, That Mr. K. T. Paine be empowered and directed to con-
tract with Colonel Gridley for forty 8-inch iron howitzers, upon terms
that he shall judge reasonable. . . .

February U, 1777.

Resolved, That the several States be requested to take the most effec-
tual steps for immediately collecting from the inhabitants not in actual
service all Continental arms and give notice of the number they shall
collect to General Washington;

S. Doc. 229 35

546 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That all arms and accoutrements belonging to the United States be
stamped or marked with the words United States; all arms already
made to be stamped upon such parts as will receive the impression, and
those hereafter to be manufactured to be stamped with the said words
on every part composing the stand, and all arms and accoutrements so
stamped or marked shall be taken whenever found for the use of the
States, except they shall be in the hands of those actually in Conti-
nental service;

That it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States to
enact proper laws for the punishment of those who shall unlawfully
take, secrete, refuse, or neglect to deliver any Continental arms or
accoutrements which they may have in their possession.

March U, 1777.

Resolved, That the pay of Mr. Nathaniel Barber, jr., deputy com-
missary of artillery in the Eastern Department, be 53 dollars and ^
per month, and three rations a day.

March 22, 1777.

Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to contract with Mr.
Wheeler for a number of cannon of the new construction, invented by
the said Wheeler.

' March 31, 1777.

Congress having received advice that the ship Mercury of Nantz is
arrived at Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, with a cargo for the United
States, consisting of 11,987 fusees, 1,000 barrels of powder, 11,000
gunflints, . . .

Ordered, That 5,000 of the arms be delivered to the order of the
council of Massachusetts Bay, for the purpose of arming the troops
raised in that State for the Army of the United States; . . .

Ordei'ed, That 15 tons of the powder be delivered to the order of the
council of Massachusetts Bay, . . .

Ordered, That the secret committee deliver the remainder of the
powder, arms, and flints to the order of the Board of War, . . .

April 2, 1777.

Ordered, That a copy of the letter this day received from General
Washington be sent to the council of Penns\ivania and to the gov-
ernors of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, and that Governor
Johnson, of Maryland be requested to give orders for the immediate
removal of the powder and military stores at Annapolis to the town of
Frederick, in Maryland, and the powder and military stores at Balti-
more to the town of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, and take measures to
have this done with all possible expedition.

April 9, 1777.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General of Military Stores be
directed immediately to furnish as many rifles, not exceeding 1,000,
to be sent to Fort Pitt, as he can procure, . . .

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 547

Resolved, That it be recommended to the good people of the States
to furnish the Commissary -General of Military Stores with all such
articles he may want for the use of the Army, at a reasonable price;
and that the several legislatures or executive powers of the States be
desired to exempt from military duty all persons in the militia who
are or shall be employed in casting shot and manufacturing military
stores of every species while such persons shall be employed in the said
service.

April 11, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That Colonel Flower, Commissary-General of
Military Stores, be empowered to purchase 200 rifles and their accou-
trements, to be sent to Fort Pitt.

April IJh 1777.

Resolved, That the resolution passed the 27th [24th] of December
last, for erecting a magazine and laboratory in the town of Brookfield,
in the State of Massachusetts Bay, be repealed; and that, instead
thereof, a magazine sufficient to contain 10,000 stand of arms and 200
tons of gunpowder, and laboratory adjacent thereto, be erected in
Springfield, in the said State.

May 3, 1777.

Resolved, That John Belton be authorized and appointed to super-
intend and direct the making or altering 100 muskets on the construc-
tion exhibited by him and called "the new improved gun," and that
he receive a reasonable compensation for his trouble and be allowed
all just and necessary expenses.

June 20, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That the Board of War may order the commissary
of hides to deliver to the commissary of military stores so much of the
leather in his hands as may be necessary for making accoutrements,
etc. , for the Army . . .

That the secret committee . . . import from the Spanish West
Indies such a quantity of dried hides as they may judge necessary
for . . . public uses.

July 23, 1777.

Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the casting
of cannon be directed to deliver to the Board of War and Ordnance all
the contracts they have made, . . . and that they be discharged
from proceeding farther in that business; and that the Board of War
and Ordnance be vested with the powers granted to the aforesaid com-
mittee, and that they be directed to attend to the execution of the said
contracts,, and to take such measures as they shall judge proper and
effectual for procuring a proper supply of cannon for the land . . .
service . . .

July 28, 1777.

Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to purchase such
powder and military stores offered for sale in any of these States as
they may judge necessary for the public service.

548 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August 8, 1777.

It having been represented to Congress that Darby Lux, Anson
Butler, Nicholas Haite, Thomas James, and Nathaniel Owings, of
Baltimore County, in the State of Maryland, gentlemen, have in com-
pany undertaken to open a lead mine and to erect works for smelting
the ore, and that the inhabitants in the neighborhood have refused to
permit them to proceed in the prosecution of their design without
credentials from Congress that they are friends to the United States,
and it appearing to Congress, by the representation of the governor
and delegates of Maryland, that the said gentlemen are faithful friends
to the American cause,

Resolved, That it be recommended to the inhabitants in the neigh-
borhood of the lead mine aforesaid to permit the same to be worked
by the above gentlemen, and to give them every encouragement in the
prosecution of a work of such public utility and from which a supply
of lead may be drawn for the service of these States.

August 11, 1777.

Resolved, That Mons. du Coudray be appointed inspector-general of
ordnance and military manufactories, with the rank of major-general.

August 26, 1777.

Resolved, That the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania be
requested to order all the leaden spouts in Philadelphia to be taken
down for the use of the laboratory.

* * *

Resolved, That it be recommended to the supreme executive council
of the State of Pennsylvania to cause a diligent search to be made in
the houses of all the inhabitants of the city of Philadelphia, who have
not manifested their attachment to the American cause, for firearms,
swords, and bayonets; that the owners of the arms so found be paid
for them at an appraised value, and that they be delivered to sucn of
the militia of the State of Pennsylvania who are at present unarmed
and have been called into the field.

September 16, 1777. The Commissary-General of Military Stores was ordered to
remove to Bethlehem, or some other place of safety, the stores belonging to his
department ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J.

September 18, 1777. Colonel Flower submitted a list of all the officers, etc., in the
department of the Commissary-General of Military Stores, and Congress granted
them commissions.

September <27 , 1777.

Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to cooperate with
General Washington in devising and carrying into execution effectual
measures for supplying the Army with firearms . . . and other
necessaries, and that in executing this business these collections be con-
fined, as much as circumstances will admit, to persons of dissatisfied
and equivocal characters.

October 6, 1777. " Buckshot are to be put into all the cartridges which shall here-
after be made." (Orders, General Headquarters, Perkiomy.)

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 549

October SO, 1777.

Resolved, That the government of the State of Connecticut be
requested to permit the workmen at Salisbury iron works to cast
mortars for continental use of such calibres and in such numbers as
shall be directed by Brigadier-General Knox, and that he be informed
of this resolution, and desired to write to Governor Trumbull on the
subject.

That a letter be written by the Board of War to the government of
the State of New York, representing, in the strongest terms, the great
want of lead and the absolute necessity there is for providing season-
able resources of that article; that it be therefore earnestly recom-
mended to the said government forthwith to take measures for having
the lead mines in that State worked; and that, in case a sufficient num-
ber of labourers can not be procured for that purpose, the commissary-
general of prisoners be directed to furnish a competent number of
prisoners or war for that end.

November 11, 1777.

Ordered, That commissions be granted to the following persons in
the department of the Commissary-General of Military Stores, with
the dates annexed to their respective names, agreeably to the said
list, viz:

Of the company to work in the laboratory, enlisted to serve during
the war as artillerymen: Isaac Cowan, captain, February the 1st, 1777;
Will. E. Godfrey, captain -lieutenant, March the 1st, 1777; Andrew
Caldwell, second lieutenant, April the 1st, 1777.

Of the company of artillery artificers, enlisted during the war, to
be attached to the artillery in the field: Jesse Roe, captain, February
the 3rd, 1777; Valentine Hoffman, captain-lieutenant, February the
12th, 1777; Christian Beackly, first lieutenant, February the 3rd, 1777;
and Will Preston, second lieutenant, April 7, 1777.

Of the companies of artillery artificers, enlisted to serve for one
year, and ordered to be reenlisted to serve during the war: Nathaniel
Irish, captain, February 7th, 1777; Thomas Wylie, captain-lieutenant,
February 17th, 1777; George Norris, first lieutenant, February 8th,
1777; James Sweiney, second lieutenant, February 22d, 1777; David
Pancoast, captain, February 10th, 1777; John Jordan, captain-lieuten-
ant. February 17th, 1777; James Gibson, first lieutenant, February
17th, 1777.

Jonathan Gostelow, major, commissary of military stores, February
1st, 1777; Joseph Watkins, major, commissary of ordnance stores,
February 5th, 1777; Wollory Meng, captain, superintendent of leather
manufactory, April 1st, 1777; Samuel Sergeant, superintendent of the

Eublic works at Carlisle, and keeper of all the stores, August, 1777;
is pay, 60 dollars a month and 4 rations a day.
Charles Lukcns, major, commissary of military stores and paymas-
ter to the commissary-general of military stores in the department
at Carlisle, March 8th, 1777, his pay 60 dollars a month and 4 rations
a day.

Johnson Smith, contractor and procurer of all the lumber and some
other materials wanted for the public; works at Carlisle, July 21st, 1777;
pay, 60 dollars a month and 3 rations a day.

550 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Cornelius Sweers, assistant commissary of military stores at Phila-
delphia, February 1st, 1777.

Alexander Power, quartermaster to the corps of artillery artificers
at Carlisle, July 30th, 1777; same pay and rations as regimental quar-
termaster.

Samuel French, major, commissary of military stores, January 18th,
1777, with the Army.

George Everson, captain, deputy commissary of military stores,
January 18th, 1777.

Alexander Henderson, captain, deputy commissary of military stores,
September 10th, 1777.

November 22, 1777. In view of the difficulty of purchasing any stores at reasonable
prices, the several States were invited to adopt and enforce a temporary regulation
of prices.

December 21, 1777. "The General congratulates the Army on the arrival of a
French ship at Portsmouth, with 48 brass cannon (4-pounders, with carriages com-
plete), 19 9-inch mortars, 2,500 9-inch bombs, 2,000 4-pound balls, intrenching tools,
4,100 stands of arms, a quantity of powder, and 61,051 pounds of sulphur." {Orders,
General Headquarters, Valley Forge.)

January 15, 1778.

Resolved, That the Board of War be authorized to direct Colonel
Flower to make a contract with Mr. Whitehead Humphreys, on the
terms of the former agreement, or such other as Colonel Flower shall
deem equitable, for making a quantity of steel for the supply of the
continental artificers and works with that necessary article; and as
the iron made at the Andover works only will with certainty answer
the purpose of making steel, that Colonel Flower be directed to apply
to the government of New Jersey to put a proper person in charge of
these works (the same belonging to persons who adhere to the enemies
of these States) upon such terms as the government of the State of
New Jerse} 7 shall think proper, and that Colonel Flower contract
with the said person for such quantity of iron as he shall think the
service requires.

Resolved, That a letter be written by the Board of War to the gov-
ernor and council of the State of New Jersey, setting forth the pecul-
iarity of the demand for these works, being the only proper means of
procuring iron for steel, an article without which the service must
irreparably suffer, and that the said governor and council be directed
to take such means as they shall think most proper for putting the
said works in blast and obtaining a supply of iron without delay.

February 4, 1778.

Resolved, That Captain Isaac Cowan receive monthly 25 dollars addi-
tional pay, besides his present appointments, in consideration of his
teaching the laboratory art to such officers of artillery as shall be sent
to him for that purpose.

Ordered, That 2,000 dollars be advanced to Captain Isaac Cowan to
pay his company of laboratory artillerymen and to recruit the said com-
pany to 100 men, agreeably to the directions of General Washington.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 551

February 6, 177S.

Resolved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be directed to lay
before Congress an estimate of the expense of erecting and carrying
on a foundry for brass ordnance, the number of persons necessary to
conduct the business, and the proper salaries for each.

February 11, 1778.

Resolved, That there shall be one commissary-general of military
stores, whose business it shall be to receive and deliver all arms, ammu-
nition, and accoutrements of every species and denomination, to pro-
vide and contract for all such articles as may be wanted in this depart-
ment, according to the directions he shall receive from the Board of
War and Ordnance; to receive and collect returns from all the differ-
ent States where there are any continental arms and stores, draw them
into one general return, and on the first day of every month deliver
one to the Board of War and Ordnance.

In case of vacancy, occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise,
of anv of the commissaries, commissaries' deputies, or conductors, which
may happen in any department near to where the Commissary-General
may be, he shall have permission to fill such vacancy, pro tempore,
until it shall be confirmed or disapproved by Congress.

All moneys to be drawn on account of military stores to be, by appli-
cation of the Commissary-General or his deputies, to the Board of War
and Ordnance; and all moneys so drawn to be accounted for by him
once in every six months to the Board of Treasury or to such auditors
or commissioners as the said board shall direct. All commissaries,
deputy commissaries, or conductors who may have money advanced to
them by the Commissary-General for the use of their several depart-
ments to keep regular accounts and produce vouchers and receipts for
the sums paid, and account for the same to the Commissary -General
once every month or as often as called for.

All continental armourers shall be under the direction of the Board of
War and Ordnance and of the commissary -general of military stores,
the armourers to receive from the said commissary all arms to be
repaired, make returns of the state of repairs when demanded, and
deliver the arms when repaired into his store, the principal armourer or
armourers at each and every armoury to be accountable tor all such arms
as he or they shall receive until they are repaired and delivered to the
Commissary-General, his deputies or assistants; and the said Commis-
sary-General shall see that every method is taken by the armourers to
hasten the repair of the anus: the principal armourers to receive money
from the Commissary-General for the contingent expenses of their
departments, and the Commissary -General shall produce their accounts
and vouchers at the adjustment of his accounts.

That there be as many deputies, assistants, commissaries, deputy
commissaries, conductors, and clerks as the exigency of the service shall
require, to be appointed by the Board of War and Ordnance; and the
said board are, from time to time, to report all such appointments to
Congress.

That the pay of officers in the department of the commissary-general
of military stores be as follows:

Commissary -General, 100 dollars per month and six rations a day;

552 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

deputy commissaries-general, of which there shall be one in each mili-
tary division of the States, each 75 dollars per month and five rations
per day.

Commissaries, each, 60 dollars per month and 4 rations per day.
Deputy commissaries, 50 do. do. 4 do.

Conductors, 40 do. do. 2 do.

Clerks, 40 do. do. 2 do.

The Commissary-General shall be allowed forage for two horses; his
deputies, assistants, commissaries, and conductors to be allowed forage
for one horse each; and the captains of the artillery artificers, respec-
tively, when duty requires their traveling to collect materials, to have
forage for one horse.

That for the future no rank be annexed to the officers in this depart-
ment, except they belong to the regiment of artillery artificers, and
then their rank only to take place as officers of that corps, the pay also
which they receive as officers in that regiment to be included in the pay
herein settled for the officers of the Commissary-General's department.

That a return be made to the Board of War and Ordnance once every
month of all officers employed in the civil branch of ordnance and
military stores.

All commissaries, deputy commissaries, conductors, and clerks who
shall have the separate charge of any stores are, on the first day of
every month, to make out an exact return of all cannon and military
stores of every species and denomination, one copy whereof they shall
transmit to the Commissary-General, who is to put them into one gen-
eral return, as heretofore directed, and one other copy thereof the said
commissaries, deputy commissaries, conductors, and clerks, are to send
to the Board of War and Ordnance.

All the artillery artificers that are or may be employed at any
armouries, laboratories, founderies, or military^ magazines (those
employed with the army in the field excepted), shall be under the
immediate direction and subject to the orders and command of the
Commissary-General, or the officer directed by him to take charge of
the same.

The Quartermaster-General, his deputies and assistants, shall give
the Commissary-General every assistance of teams for the removal of
public stores, and in case there be no quartermaster in the department
or place from whence the stores are to be removed, the Commissary-
General shall have power to procure teams in the way and manner that
will best promote the public service.

All officers, artificers, and others in the ordnance and military
department shall be governed by the Rules and Articles of War, in the
same manner as other officers in the artillery of the United States.

The Commissary-General shall give such forms or returns and
instructions to his deputies, assistant commissaries, conductors, etc.,
as the service and situation of their department shall require; and all
officers in this department are to attend to such orders and instructions
as they shall receive from time to time from the Board of War and
Ordnance or the Commissary-General.

All regulations incidental to the department, and not enlarging the
powers and authorities here given, shall be settled and made by the
Board of War and Ordnance.

The Board of War and Ordnance shall transmit, from time to time,

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 558

as the service shall render necessary, transcripts of all returns received
from the coniniissa^-general of military stores, and also accounts of
all ordnance and stores under their care or belonging to the United
States, and the places where the same are deposited, to the commander
in chief of the armies of the United States, in order that he may make
such requisitions of supplies for the army under his immediate com-
mand or for the separate departments as he shall think proper, and
give such advice ana directions as to the disposition of them as circum-
stances may from time to time require.

The commanding officer of artillery, for the time being, in the
Grand Army, with the chief engineer, commissary of artillery, and
eldest colonel of artillery, in camp or such of them as are present with
the Army, shall be a subordinate board of ordnance, under the direc-
tion of the commander in chief or the Board of War and Ordnance, for
transacting all business of the Ordnance Department necessary to be
done in the field, and to have the care of all ordnance and stores at
camp; and in case of sudden exigency the commissary -general of mili-
tary stores shall be obliged to obey their directions as to any supplies
wanted by the Army out of the stores not in camp, and the said board
shall correspond with and report their proceedings to the Board of
War and Ordnance, from whom they are to receive any necessary
assistance.

Resolved, That the pay of Col. Benjamin Flower's corps of artillery
artificers shall be, for all those who engage to serve the United States
as such for three years, or during the war, $20 a month, besides the
same bounty, clothing, and every other benefit allowed by Congress
to the continental artillery; the officers the same pay of others of equal
rank in the continental artillery; and that Colonel Flower augment the
four companies ordered to be raised in January last, add other com-
panies to the said regiment, and, if necessary, increase the pay of the
officers and men in the same, agreeable to such orders as have been
given for that purpose by General Washington, and that he be required
forthwith to transmit a copy of such orders to Congress.

That if the exigency of the service makes it necessary to employ,
at any time or place, more artificers than the commissary ma} 7 have
enlisted or can enlist, then he, his deputies or assistants, may engage
them, for the time of such necessity, on the most reasonable terms
possible, with the approbation of the Board of War and Ordnance.

Resolved, That Col. Flower receive the pay and rations of a colonel
from the 16th of July, 1776, to this 11th day of February, 1778.

Resolved, That a commission of captain in Col. Flowers regiment of
artillery artificers be granted to Wollory Meng, dated the 1st of April,
1777.

That Captain -Lieutenant Thomas Wylie be promoted to the rank of
captain of an additional company to be raised in the said regiment of
artillery artificers, his commission to be dated the 1st of February, 1778.

Resolved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be empowered to
make a contract with Mr. Byers, as superintendent of a foundery of
brass cannon.

March 19, 1778.

Resolved, That it be recommended to each State to appoint some
suitable person or persons to get made with all possible despatch as
many complete sets of accoutrements and spare bayonet sheaths as

554 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

shall be sufficient for their respective quotas of troops; the cartridge
boxes to be made to hold at least 29 rounds of cartridges when made
up with ounce balls, and the cover of good substantial leather with a
small cover or flap under it that the ammunition may be most effectually
guarded against rain; and to prevent impositions from the workmen,
that proper inspectors be appointed to examine and receive the accou-
trements, with orders to reject such as are bad and insufficient, and
that the accoutrements so provided be sent forward with the troops,
or as soon after as possible.

That in case in any State they have quantities of tin, instead of the
cartouch boxes, an equal number of tin cartridge canisters be furnished
agreeably to a pattern or description to be sent to the Board of War.

April 4, 1778.

Resolved, That Daniel and Samuel Hughes, of the State of Mary-
land, shall not be held to make any more cannon on their present
contract;

* * *

That the Board of War and Ordnance be authorized to enter into a
contract with Messrs. Daniel and Samuel Hughes for such a number
of battering cannon and mortars, and such quantitj 7 of shot and shells
as they shall deem necessary for the public service.

April 18, 1778.

Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to make a strict inquiry
into the mode in which the armourer's department has been hitherto
conducted and report to Congress the result of their inquiry, and, if
the} 7 judge necessary, to dismiss the persons who have been hitherto
employed in that business and to engage others in their stead on the
best terms possible.

April 23, 1778.

A letter of the 21st from the Board of War was read wherein they
inform that . . . they have dismissed Mr. Butler, the former
public armourer, and appointed William Henry, esq., of Lancaster,
superintendent of arms and military accoutrements.

Resolved, That Congress approve the proceedings of the Board of
War and confirm their appointment.

May 7, 1778.

The Board of War having recommended Nathaniel Chapman, esq.,
to be captain of the additional company to Colonel Flower's regiment
of artillery artificers; John Jordan, esq., to be captain in the room of
David Pancoast, resigned; and Henry Strape and Theophilus Parks,
lieutenants in the same corps;

Resolved, That they be appointed and that commissions be granted
to them accordingly.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 555

June 10, 1778.

Resohied, That Governor Henry be requested to purchase for the
United States the articles contained in the list hereto annexed, being
part of the cargo of the French ship Le Fier Roderique, as cheap as he
can, not exceeding the price following, viz, 450 Virginia money for
every 100 sterling, to be paid in tobacco at 10 dollars per hundred,
and that a letter be written to his excellency explaining the principle
of such limitation.

LIST OF ARTICLES.

Leaden bullets of different sizes; . . . gunpowder; flints;

June 20, 1778. Cornelius Sweers, deputy commissary-general of military stores,
was arrested June 20, pending examination of the charge of fraud made against him
and was committed to jail August 1, and on the 24th of the month the Board of
Treasury was directed to employ counsel to prosecute him.

August 3, 1778. Colonel Benjamin Flower, Commissary-General of Military Stores,
was arrested on charges of malfeasance in office, prepared by Cornelius Sweers, late
deputy commissary, but was honorably acquitted by Congress August 24, 1778.

January 2, 1779.

The committee to whom was referred the memorial of Messrs. Penet
and Couloux, respecting a manufactory of firearms, report:

"That the said Messrs. Penet and Couloux propose to establish a
manufactory for making firearms, side arms, etc., of all kinds, in
some convenient place in one of the United States, if they can have
proper encouragement from Congress; that they are willing to contract
to make and deliver 100,000 muskets with bayonets of the best kind,
completely finished, at the price of 26 livres apiece, to be paid in
specie or other currency equivalent; that they will deliver 20,000 of
the said arms by the expiration of two years and an half, and the resi-
due within the term of six or seven years from the time of contract-
ing; or, if the whole number of muskets are not wanted, they will
agree to make any other kind of firearms or side arms in lieu thereof,
they to find all materials and be at the whole expense of making the
arms."

The committee further report:

"That in their opinion it will be beneficial to these States to have
such a manufactory established, and that the terms proposed are
reasonable."

Resolved, That the Board of War be authorized to contract with
Messrs. Penet and Couloux for a suitable number of muskets, with
bayonets of a proper size, and other arms, to be manufactured in these
States, agreeable to the foregoing proposal.

February 2, 1779. The Board of War having reported that the firm of the house
in which Mr. Penet is engaged is Messrs. Penet, Windel & Co., and that Mr. Cou-
loux's name is not to appear in the agreement, Congress modified accordingly the
above resolution.

February 18, 1779.

Congress proceeded to consider the report of the committee appointed
to confer with the Commander in Chief; and thereupon came to the
following arrangement of the Department of Ordnance:

556 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF XT. S. ARMY.

Resolved, That the commanding officer of artillery of the United
States, for the time being, shall, under the general orders, and with
the concurrence of the Commander in Chief, arrange and direct all
business of the Ordnance Department necessary to be done in the field.
The ordnance, arms, and military stores in the fixed magazines to be
drawn out only by the orders of the Board of War and Ordnance;
unless, in the course of the service, circumstances should occur in
which the procuring such orders from the board would, in the opin-
ion of the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery,
occasion improper delays; and in such cases the commanding officer
of artillery shall have the power to draw from the nearest magazines
the supplies wanted for the Army; and the different commissaries and
directors of the magazines and laboratories shall in such cases imme-
diately obey the orders of the commanding officer of artillery, inform-
ing the Board of War and Ordnance of the same. And that the
Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery may know
in such cases where to send for necessary supplies, the Board of War
and Ordnance shall cause monthly returns of all ordnance, arms, and
military stores at the magazines and arsenals of the United States to
be made to the Commander in Chief, who will communicate to the com-
manding officer of artillery the whole or any part of them, as he shall
judge the good of the service requires. And as it may frequently
happen that parts of the Army may be detached to such distances as
to render their obtaining supplies, in the circumstances above men-
tioned, by the immediate orders of the Commander in Chief and com-
manding officer of artillery inconvenient, in such cases the Commander
in Chief and commanding officer of artillery shall give to the com-
manding officer of the detachment, and of the artillery annexed to it,
proper directions for furnishing the detachment with the necessary
supplies of ordnance, arms, and military stores; and the orders of the
said commanding officers of the detachment, and of the artillery
annexed to it, given pursuant to the said directions, shall be obeyed
by the commissaries and directors at the magazines and laboratories,
as if given immediately by the Commander in Chief and commanding
officer of artillery of the United States. Each commanding officer of
artillery making these extraordinary draughts shall immediately give
information thereof, and of the occasion of them, to the Board of War
and Ordnance.

2. That there shall be a field commissary of military stores, to be
appointed by the Board of War and Ordnance, who shall receive and
issue all ordnance, arms, and military stores in the field pursuant to
orders of the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery;
all orders for this purpose from the Commander in Chief to be directed
to the commanding officer of artillery. The field commissary shall
have so many deputies, conductors, and clerks, to be likewise appointed
by the Board of War and Ordnance, as, in the opinion of the board,
the Commander in Chief, and commanding officer of artillery, the
service shall from time to time require.

3. The commanding officer of artillery, with the concurrence of the
Commander in Chief, shall from time to time lay before the Board of
War and Ordnance proper estimates (which are by the board to be
transmitted to Congress) of all ordnance, arms, and military stores
necessary to be made and provided for the use of the Arnry of the
United States, that the necessary orders may be given concerning them.

4. That whenever the said commanding officer of artillery shall judge

THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 557

any particular directions necessary for, or alterations and improve-
ments to be made in, the construction or preparation of ordnance,
arms, and military stores of any kind, he shall communicate the same
to the Board of War and Ordnance for their consideration, who shall
thereupon give such orders for the artificers and laboratory men as
they shall judge the good of the service requires.

5. That the field commissary of military stores, his deputies, con-
ductors, and clerks, shall be independent of the Commissary-General
of military sto/es; and the said field commissary shall make monthly
returns of all ordnance, arms, and military stores received, issued, and
remaining on hand to the Board of War and Ordnance, the Commander
in Chief, and the commanding officer of artillery. His deputies and
conductors also having the chief care of the military stores, with any
detached parts of the Army, shall make the like returns to the Board
of War and Ordnance, the respective officers commanding those detach-
ments, their commanding officers of artillery, and the field commissary;
and the latter shall draw the whole into one general return monthly,
one copy whereof he shall transmit to the Board of War and Ordnance,
one to the Commander in Chief, one to the commanding officer of artil-
lery, and a fourth to the Commissary-General of militaiy stores.

6. That all moneys necessary for the department of the field com-
missary of military stores shall be drawn out of the military chests
by warrants from the Commander in Chief and officers commanding
detached parts of the Army, respectively; and the accounts of expendi-
tures adjusted and settled by the auditors of accounts, once in every
three months, and finally transmitted to the Treasury Board.

7. That when it shall be thought necessary, the commanding officer
of artillery shall send officers of artillery to visit the laboratories, and
founderies and manufactories, to the intent that they may thereby
gain an insight into the mechanical branches of their profession. And
such number of artillery officers as, in the opinion of the commanding
officer of artillery, with the concurrence of the Commander in Chief,
can be spared from their duty in the field shall, at every convenient
season, be stationed at all or any of the principal laboratories, to be
instructed in the laboratory art, that a knowledge thereof may be
disseminated through the corps.

8. That the deputy field commissaries and conductors shall apply
for and receive all ordnance, arms, and stores issued from the field
arsenals and magazines. And to prevent any that are insufficient
being carried into the field, the said commissaries and conductors shall
receive none apparently unfit for service. And whenever any articles
in the Ordnance Department in the field shall be so damaged that they
can not be there repaired, and are, by order of the commanding officer
of artillery, with the Army, or with any detachment of it, sent to the
Commissary -General of military stores, or any of his deputies, he and
they shall receive the same, at such place as snail be most convenient,
and either immediately cause them to be repaired or replace them with
others fit for service, as shall be most conducive to the public interest.

9. That the appointments of the said field commissary and his
subordinate officer be as follows, viz:

Pay per month. Subsist, per month. Rations per day.

Of the field commissary 75 dollars. 40 dollars. 1

Deputy field commissary 60 30 1

('.inductor 40 10 1

Clerk 40 10 1

558 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

10. That there shall be one surveyor of ordnance, to be appointed
annually from the colonels, the appointment to be made by the Board
of War and Ordnance, until Congress shall direct otherwise. The
officer thus appointed shall retain his rank in the artillery and all the
benefits arising from it; but during the time of his surveyorship he
shall not, except in extraordinary cases, or when called for by the
Commander in Chief, perform any duty in the line. His duty as sur-
veyor shall be to examine into the construction, qualities, and condi-
tion of all cannon, carriages, arms, and the materials for and prepa-
ration of every species of warlike stores, and to visit all the different
arsenals, founderies, laboratories, and workshops belonging to the
Ordnance Department of the United States, carefully noting every
error and defect he shall discover; which, together with a general
state of the department, he shall report immediately to the Board of
War and Ordnance, as well as the commanding officer of the artillery,
with his ideas of any alterations and improvements proper to be made
thereon. He shall also examine all ordnance and military stores in
the field, and report the state of them to the commanding officer of
artillery and the Board of War and Ordnance; and for the purposes
aforesaid the commissaries of military stores, as well in the field as
elsewhere, shall make returns to the said surve} T or, and shall expose
to his view all the ordnance, arms, and stores, and all materials for
the Ordnance Department in their custody. And the surveyor shall
examine the said stores to ascertain whether the quality, quantity, and
numbers agree with the return, and make report to the board only.
He shall likewise examine into the number of workmen emplo} 7 ed in
each branch of the Ordnance Department, and the principal in each
branch shall make monthly returns of all work done within the month,
one to the said surveyor of ordnance and one to the Commissary-
General of Military Stores; and each of the latter shall transmit copies
thereof monthly to the Board of War and Ordnance.

11. For executing the duties before mentioned and any others relat-
ing to the Ordnance Department which the good of the service may
from time to time require, the Board of War and Ordnance shall give
to the said surveyor such instructions as they shall think proper.

12. For defraying the expenses of the said surveyor in the exercise
of his office he shall be allowed 70 dollars per month, besides his
appointments as a field officer of artillery.

13. That the commanding officer of artillery of the United States,
for the performance of his duties therein before prescribed, shall be
allowed 75 dollars per month; and the commanding officer of artillery
with any detached part of the Army shall have a like allowance, in
proportion to his pa}' in the line.

March 16, 1779.

Resolved, That all warrant officers in the civil staff of the Army be
put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to
arrests, trials, and punishments.

April 13, 1779.

Resolved, That the State of Virginia be requested to lend to the
United States 1,000 stand of arms for the purpose of arming the forces
destined for the defense of South Carolina and Georgia; ...

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 559

April 37, 1779. "For the future all issues of arms and military stores in camp will
be made by the immediate order of Brigadier-General Knox, to whom all returns for
thai purpose are to be made. He will cause the Commissary of Military Stores to
keep exact accounts with the regiments for what he delivers. ' ' ( Orders, General Head-
quortert, Middlr- Brook.)

M<i)/ 19, 1779. "A conductor of military stores is to be appointed to each brigade,
he is to have a travelling forge with suitable tools, an ammunition waggon, and a
waggon with an arm chest for each regiment." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-
Brook.)

July 3, 1779. Captain Alexander Henderson, deputy commissary of military stores,
resigned.

July 23, 1779. The resignation of Lieut. Andrew Caldwell, of Captain Cowan's
cumpany of laboratory artillerymen, was accepted.

December M, 1779.

Resolved, That commissions be granted to the officers of the com-
pany of artillery artificers attached to the artillery in the field, and
bear date as follows, viz: That of Noah Nichols, captain, November 16,
1776; Thomas Patten, captain-lieutenant, March 1, 1779; Bela Nichols,
first lieutenant. March 1, 1779; Peter Sears, second lieutenant, March
1, 1779.

December 23, 1779.

Resolved, That instead of the subsistence allowed by an act of Con-
gress of the 18th day of February last, to the officers in the depart-
ment of the field commissary of military stores, the following sums
be allowed, viz: To the field commissary, 400 dollars per month; to a
deputy field commissary, 300 dollars; to a conductor, 100 dollars; to a
clerk, 100 dollars; and that this increased subsistence commence on
the 18th day of August last, and continue till the further order of
Congress.

February 11, 1780.

A letter of the 9th from the Board of War, informing that they had
appointed Samuel Hodgdon, the principal field commissary of military
stores, to be deputy commissary -general of military stores, and pro-
posing that his pay should be 1,250 dollars per month; whereupon,

Resolved, That the pay of Samuel Hodgdon, deputy commissary-
general of military stores, be 1,250 dollars per month until the further
order of Congress.

July 13, 1780. Lieutenant Dow. of Colonel Flower's regiment of artillery artificers,

Eromoted captain-lieutenant to date from April 4, 1780, the date when Captain-
ieutenant Parks was dismissed.

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be
allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by
order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate
army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many baggage
wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit:
* * *

Field commissary of military stores and his deputy with the main
army, 1 two-horse wagon or two bathorses.

560 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Deputy commissary of military stores with a separate army, 1 two-
horse wagon or two bathorses.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition . . . there be issued ... as
many rations as the service shall require:

; field commissary of military stores, two; deputy field
commissary of military stores, one; . . .

July U, 1780.

Resolved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be authorized and
directed to procure with all possible despatch 615 tons of shot for bat-
tering cannon, and 947 tons of shells, of such sizes as they shall deem
proper, according to the requisitions made by the Commander in Chief.

July 26, 1780.

Resolved, That Ezekiel Cheever, esq. , and Lieutenant-Colonel David
Mason, who have been employed at Springfield, in the State of Massa-
chusetts Bay, in the department of the commissary-general of military
stores, be excused from further service at that post;

That the Board of War and Ordnance be authorized and directed to
remove any unnecessary officers at that and any other post in the
department of the commissary -general of military stores, and to arrange
the affairs of the whole department in such manner as they shall deem
most conducive to the public service, reporting their proceedings to
Congress.

August 12, 1780.

The Board of War report:

That, pursuant to a resolution of July 26th, they have enquired into
the state of the department of military stores; and upon mature delib-
eration propose to retain in service one commissary -general of mili-
tary stores, one deput} r commissary -general, one commissary at Spring-
field, one commissary at Carlisle, one commissary in Virginia, and two
or three other commissaries, or deputy commissaries, at some subor-
dinate posts and stations;

They also propose to retain but one officer to each company of artifi-
cers, who, with his sergeants, will be competent to the proper direction
of his men;

That the pay of a commissary of military stores be not less than 360
nor more than 1,750 dollars per month;

That the pay of a deputy commissary, or a conductor of military
stores, be not less than 240 nor more than 1,000 dollars per month;

That the pay of the clerks be fixed by the Board of War and Ord-
nance in proportion to their respective merit and services;

That the pay of a captain of artillery artificers be 900 dollars per
month; a captain-lieutenant, 750 dollars per month; a lieutenant, 600
dollars per month; a sergeant, from 150 to 200 dollars per month; a
corporal, acting as a foreman in any branch of work, the same pay as
a sergeant;

Other corporals and drummers, lifers, and privates, from 30 to 150
dollars per month;

That the pay of the commissaries, deputy commissaries, and conduct-

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 561

ors, to be confined within the limits before mentioned, be fixed accord-
ing to their respective merit and services by the Board of War and
Ordnance;

That the pay of the noncommissioned officers and privates be fixed
according to their respective merit and services, within the limits before
mentioned, by the major part of their commissioned officers, who shall
meet together monthly for that purpose;

That a daily ration of forage be allowed only to such commissaries
and conductors of military stores whose frequent traveling shall, in the
opinion of the Board of War, require the same.

Resolved, That Congress agree to this report, and that the same be
carried into execution until the further order of Congress.

August <B*B, 1780.

Whereas, it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the
destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public
stores, . . . upon which the existence of the armies of these United
States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made for the
just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the . . . Com-
niHsarv-General of military stores, . . . Therefore,

Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted
with the care of provisions, or military or hospital stores, or other
property of these United States, who shall be convicted, at a general
court-martial, of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose,
embezzled, or wilfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the pro-
visions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other military
or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of Amer-
ica, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be directed
by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the
offence, at the discretion of such court; and every person in any of
the said departments, intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted at
a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of the
articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged shall suffer such
punishment as the said court shall, in their discretion, direct, accord-
ing to the degree of the offence.

August 30, 1780.

Resolved, That Major Joseph Eayres and Captain Nathaniel Chap-
man, who have been employed at Springfield, in the department of
the col n in issary -general of military stores; Major Charles Lukens,
:it Carlisle, and Captain-Lieutenant E. Godfrey, at Philadelphia, be
excused from further service.

October 3, 1780.

Resolved, . . . That the Regular Army of the United States,
from and after the first day of January next, consist of ... 1
regiment of artificers;

* v.

Thai the regiment of artificers consist of 8 companies, and each
company of <*>" noncommissioned officers and privates.

S. Doc. 229 86

562 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

That the several States furnish the following quotas, viz, . . .
Pennsylvania ... 1 regiment of artificers; . . .

October 15, 1780. The issuing commissaries are to deliver all their sheep and calve
skins to the field commissary of military stores with the park of artillery, who will
have them properly dressed for drumheads. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa. )

November 25, 1780.

Resolved, That all the artificers in the department of military stores
in Pennsylvania be removed to Carlisle; and that in future only an
issuing store and elaboratory for fixed ammunition be kept in Phila-
delphia.

That General Washington detach a field officer of artillery to take
the command and superintend the business at Carlisle, and under the
orders of the Board of War.

January 8, 1781. Congress accepted the resignation of Lieut. Henry Stroop, of
Colonel Flower's regiment of artificers.

January 12, 1781.

Resolved, That from and after the 1st day of August last the pay
and appointments of the officers in the Department of the commissary -
general of military stores be as follows, the sums hereafter mentioned
to be paid in bills of the new emission, and all moneys received in bills
of the old emissions since the said 1st day of August be accounted for
agreeable to the table of depreciation, as fixed by the Board of Treas-
ury; Commissary -General of Military Stores, 100 dollars per month, 3
rations per day; deputy commissary -general, 80 dollars per month, 2
rations per day; commissaries, 70 dollars per month, 2 rations per
day; deputy commissaries, 55 dollars per month, 2 rations per day;
conductors, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day; clerks, 40 dollars
per month, 1 ration per day.

No rations in addition to the number above mentioned are to be
allowed for servants;

That the officers and men of the regiment of artillery artificers have
the same pay from and after the said first day of August in bills of
the new emission as was originally fixed in bills of the then emission,
by the regulations of the department made by Congress on the 11th
day of February, 1778, and that they draw the number of rations then
directed.

That the appointments of the field commissary of military stores
and his subordinate officers be as follows, from and after the 1st day
of August last, the pay to be received in bills of the new emission:
Field commissaiy, 90 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, servants
included; deputy field commissary, 70 dollars per month, 2 rations per
day, servants included; conductor, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per
day, servants included; clerks, 40 dollars per month, 1 ration per day,
servants included.

That the commanding officer of artillery, for his extra services in
the affairs of the Ordnance Department, receive 40 dollars per month,
in addition to his pay as an officer in the line, in bills of the new emis-
sion, from and after the 1st day of August last.

That the surveyor of ordnance, for defraying his expenses in the
exercise of his office, be allowed, from and after the 1st day of August
last, 40 dollars per month, in bills of the new emission, besides his
appointment as a field officer of artillery.

THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 563

January 31, 1781.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of military stores, or first
officer in that department, be, and hereby is, allowed, from and after
the first day of August last, 115 dollars a month, in bills emitted pur-
suant to the act of the 18th of March last; and that the deputy com-
missary, or second officer in that department, be, and hereby is,
allowed, from the said first da}^ of August, the sum of 90 dollars per
month, in the bills aforesaid, in lieu of the sums allowed them, respec-
tively, by the resolution of the 12th instant.

February 20, 1781.

Resolved, That the Board of War be, and hereby are, directed to fur-
nish the Southern army with . . . 5,000 muskets, with bayonet
and cartouch boxes; ... 10 tons of musket powder, 5 tons of
cannon powder, and 20 tons of lead.

That the Board of War furnish the artillery and cavalry with the
lecessary ammunition and equipments not comprised in the foregoing
resolutions; and that they employ a sufficient number of artificers to
repair the arms in the magazines of Virginia and other places.

February 26, 1781. Congress recommended to the State of Massachusetts to make
up to Colonel Gridley the depreciation of his pay as engineer at $60 per month from
the time of his appointment to the 1st day of January, 1781. [Colonel Gridley was
colonel of the Massachusetts artillery regiment May, 1775; wounded at Bunker Hill
June 17, 1775; colonel and chief of the Continental Artillery September 20 to Novem-
ber 17, 1775; colonel and Chief Engineer June, 1775, to August 5, 1776; was retained
in service as colonel and engineer to January 1, 1781, when he was retired. He died
June 21, 1786.]

March 5, 1781. Congress accepted resignation of Nathaniel Barber, commissary of
military stores at Boston.

March 7, 1781. A letter of the 6th from the Board of War inclosed a letter of May
20, 1780, from Messrs. Penet & Co., from which it appeared that their contract for
manufacturing arms is entirely at an end from a failure on their part.

March 29, 1781.

Resolved, That the regiment of artificers, commanded by Colonel
Baldwin, be dissolved; and those of the noncommissioned officers and
privates whose times of service are unexpired, and are now with the
main army, be formed into one company, under such officers and be
employed in such way as the Commander in Chief shall direct.

That the artificers with the Southern army be also formed into one
company, under a competent number of officers to be selected by the
commanding general or that army.

That all officers of the regiment of artificers not retained by virtue
of these resolutions be no longer considered in the service of the
United States.

Iu solved, That all the noncommissioned officers and men of the
regiment of artillery artificers at Carlisle, whose times of service are
unexpired, be formed into one or more company or companies, and
the officers at that place, except Captains Wiley and Jordan, be no
longer considered in the service of the United States.

April 21, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized to remove from office or employment, i'<>r incapacity, neg-
ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persona not immedi-

564 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled as are or
may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the
expenditure of the public supplies, stores, or other property; . . .
and such of the said persons as are or may be, in his judgment,
unnecessary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office,
to whom it may belong to supply the vacancy, the respective names
of the persons so removed.

Provided, That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are
or may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he
is hereby, authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient
for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and
to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial;
and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest
accordingly.

That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from
the date thereof unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted
and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the
place when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to con-
tinue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed.

That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with
the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the
Army, or those who ma} 7 be duly entrusted with money for secret sen ice
by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or commanding
officer of a separate department.

That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con-
gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war.
* * *

Ordered, . . . That the said E. Cornell [one of the commission-
ers of the Board of War] be, and he is hereby, directed to visit the mil-
itary stores and laboratory to the eastward, in the department of the
commissary of military stores, and to take measures for removing
arms, ammunition, and stores from thence to the main arnry, or to the
southward; and to correct abuses in the said department, agreebly to
instructions he may receive from the Board of War for these purposes.

May 2, 1781. Place of Commissary-General of Military Stores vacated by death of
Colonel Flower.

June 18, 1781.

Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief and the command-
ing general in a separate department, respectively, be, and hereby are,
authorized to direct what clothing shall, from time to time, be dealt
out to the artificers . . . , having regard to the nature of their
service and the terms of their contract, and time for which they are
engaged.

July 10, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby,
authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall,
from time to time, appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all
necessary supplies for the use of the Army or armies of the United
States, . . . and also the transportation thereof; . . .

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 565

July 12, 1781.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of mili-
tary stores; and. the ballots being taken,

Samuel Hodgdon was elected, having been previously nominated by
Mr. Howley.

July 30, 1781.

Resolved, That the Board of War be, and they are hereby, empow-
ered to continue such of the officers in the laboratory and artificers at
Springfield as the good of the service may require, and to remove all
and every other officer in the laboratory or corps of artificers at that
place, and proceed to make such further reforms in the department of
the commissary of military stores at other posts as they judge may
conduce to the public interest.

August 23, 1781.

Iu solved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be, and hereby are,
authorized and directed to take measures for vacating the contract
made by order of Congress the 19th da}^ of September, 1777, x with
James Byers, cannon founder.

September 4-, 1781.

Resolved, That all the . . . artillery, arms, and military stores
shipped in pursuance of the orders of the Honorable John Laurence,
special minister to the Court of Versailles, for the use of the United
States, be upon its arrival delivered to the order of the Board of War,
who are hereby empowered and directed to take charge and direction
of the same.

September 25, 1781. "The several issuing commissaries will be particularly careful
in preserving all the sheepskins for the use of the artillery. They will be delivered,
on application, to Mr. Thomas Jones, deputy field commissary of military stores."
( <)rders, General Headquarters, Williamsburg. )

January 10, 1782.

Resolved, . . . The Inspector-General, or inspector-general of
a separate army, shall be authorized to call on the . . . field com-
missary of military stores, or their deputies, for returns of the articles
which have been issued from and returned to their several departments
by each corps. . . .

April 10, 1782.

1!> solved, . . . That the Commander in Chief be furnished with
returns of ordnance and ordnance stores when he shall request them
from the War Office.

K * *

That the Secretary at War direct the building and management of
laboratories, arsenals, foundries, magazines, . . . the necessity
of which he i> from time to time to report, and the same is to be
approved of by Congress.

'Congress was not in session September 19, 1777, but February 11, 1778, the Hoard
of War was authorized to make a contract with Mr. Byero. December 20, 1783, he

off i'ivd to relinquish his contract, which he (styled director of the foundry for cast-
ing I >raas ordnance) formally relinquished April 18, 1786.

566 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

April 22, 1782.

Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves
of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow-
ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled
to from the Quartermaster's Department . . . be, and they are
hereb}^ repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each
officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations . . .
affixed to their several ranks, viz:

* * *

Field commissary 1 ration per day; 6f dollars per month.

Do. , Southern army 1 do ; 6 f # do.

April 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants,
be} r ond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced;
. . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the
staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective
departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective
ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence
belonging to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respec-
tive services in the staff without any other allowance whatsoever; . . .

May 7, 1782.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is,
authorized to appoint an inspector for the main and Southern army,
to take care that the contracts for supplying rations be duly executed
by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are
hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of
public property in the several departments of the Army, and report
any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public
property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the
party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges
exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither
the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their property, be lia-
ble to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of
the Commander in Chief, or commander of the army to which the
inspectors respectively shall be appointed, any resolution or act of
Congress heretofore made notwithstanding.

That the pay to each inspector be 166f dollars per month in full of
all allowances.

That each inspector, when appointed, shall take an oath for the
faithful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspec-
tor of the contracts of the Army.

May 30, 1782. The Superintendent of Finance and the Secretary at War were
directed to inquire into a contract made with Mr. Jacob Rubsamen for the purpose
of instructing the people of Virginia in the mode of making saltpeter, and whether
his further services were necessary. August 26, 1782, Congress agreed that Mr. R.'s
services as instructor were no longer needed.

July 4, 1782. "To prevent the accidental communication of fire to the powder mag-
azines, which would endanger the lives of many persons and total demolition of the
fortifications, besides the inconvenience that must arise from the loss of the powder,
the Commander in Chief directs that the quartermaster or commissary of military

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 567

stores may, as soon as possible, have grates fixed to the air holes of the magazines,
and that lanthorns made of transparent horn or glass be immediately provided
instead of those made of pierced tin, which are at present verv imprudently used.
Until the horn or glass lanthorns are provided the greatest care is to be taken not to
open the door of the lanthorns in the magazines, and at all times to have water in
the bottom to extinguish sparks. It is, moreover, positively ordered that no person
whatever be permitted to enter a powder magazine without first pulling off his
shoes. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.)

July 24, 1782.

Resolved, That the act of Congress of the 11th day of February,
1778, and all subsequent resolutions, so far as they respect the depart-
ment of the commissary -general of military stores, be, and they are
hereby, repealed.

Resolved, That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, empow-
ered to appoint, from time to time, a commissary of military stores,
who shall be subject to his orders and instructions, and shall receive
a salary of 1,000 dollars per annum.

That the Secretary at War be further empowered to appoint, from
time to tini3, so many officers, to be taken from the officers of the
Arm}', if agreeable to them, as he may find necessary to superintend
the business in that department.

September 3, 1782.

Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the pay
and emoluments of the field commissary of military stores, his deputies,
conductors, and clerks, be, and they are hereby, repealed.

Bi solved, That the pay and emoluments of the field commissary of
military stores shall be 50 dollars per month, two rations per day, for-
age for two saddle horses, and one bathorse. He shall also be allowed
G'i dollars per month for a servant, for whom he shall be entitled to draw
one ration per day and the clothing allowed to a private soldier.

That the pay and emoluments of a deputy fielct commissary of mili-
tary stores for the southern army shall be 40 dollars per month, two
rations per daj T , forage for two saddle horses, and one bathorse. He
shall also be allowed Of dollars per month for a servant, for whom he
shall be entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed
to a private soldier.

Rrxol r,-d, That the pay and emoluments of the deputy field commis-
sary of military stores at West Point shall be 40 dollars per month
and two rations per day.

That the pay and emoluments of the conductors or clerks shall be
30 dollars per month and one ration per day.

Re%oJ/oed, That there shall be one field commissary of military stores
and two conductors or clerks for the main army in the field; one deputy
field commissary of military stores and two conductors or clerks for
West Point; one deputy field commissary of military stores and two
conductors or clerks for the southern army; and one conductor for
the post at Fort Pitt, who shall be appointed by the commanding
officer of the artillery, with the approbation of the Commander in
Chief; excepting for the southern army, in which department the
appointment shall be made by the commanding officer of artillery there,
with the approbation of the commanding officer of the department.

568 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF (JKNERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY.

September 17, 17S2. " Major-General Knox having appointed Richard Frothing-
ham, field corns' y of military stores for the main army; Asa Copeland, conductor;
John Hoff, clerk; John Ruddock, deputy corns' y at West Point; John Banks, con-
ductor; William Herriott, clerk; Mathew Parvin, conductor at Fort Pitt, the Com-
mander in Chief is pleased to approve the above appointments." (Orders, General
Headquarters, Yerplank's Point. )

September 23, 1782. "The brigade conductors of military stores having been
deranged by the late orders of Congress, the stores, wagons, forges, tools, etc., in
their possession are to be delivered to the brigade quartermasters, who are. in future
to be responsible for this duty. A sergeant from each brigade must be appointed to
have the special charge of the forges and stores, and to act under the orders of the
brigade quartermasters. When any arms, ammunition, or accoutrements are w r anting,
regimental returns in the manner prescribed in the regulations are to be made to the
brigade quartermasters, who will form them into a brigade, return and obtain the signa-
ture of the commanding officer of brigade and the Inspector-General or inspector."
(Orders, General Headquarters, Verplank's Point.) -

October 22, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons
and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, :

* * *

Field commissaiy of military stores and his deputy with the main
and southern army, each one bathorse.

* * *

That there shall be allowed for saddle horses:

* * *

Field commissaiy of military stores 2 rations.

Deputy with a separate army 2 do.

* % *

April 17, 1783.

November 4, 1783.

Resolved, That Samuel Hodgdon, commissary of military stores,
under the appointment of the Secretary at War, be continued in that
office until the further order of Congress, and that he be empowered
to continue such assistants as may be necessary to take care of the
military stores.

Note. July 24, 1782, the Secretary at War was authorized to appoint a commis-
sary of military stores.

January 22, 1784.

Ordered, That the commissary of military stores be directed not to
dispose of any such stores without the express order of Congress.

January 29, 1784.

Resolved, That regular returns of military stores . . . be made
to the war office.

THE OEDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 569

Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of . ' . .
commissary of military stores . . . be, and they are hereby,
ordered to transmit, as soon as may be, to the war office, to be laid
before Congress, exact returns of all the stores in their respective
departments, specifying the quantity and quality of each article, where
deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured.

January 30, 1784-.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance propose to Mr. James
Byers, in behalf of the United States, a mutual relinquishment of right
and title to services and salary, and in case Mr. Byers shall not assent
to the proposition, that the commissary of military stores give him
such directions as he is obliged to conform to by his contract.

May 3, 1781

Resolved, That the commissary of military stores, or person having
the care of the public stores at Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, be, and he is
hereby, directed to deliver to the order of the corporation of the city
of New York the bells which have been taken from the churches and
other public edifices in the said city, if any such bells remain in his
possession.

December 7, 178.

Resolved, That the Secretary in the war office be directed to stop the
sale of such . . . military stores as were directed to be sold under
a letter from the said Secretary of 23d May, 1784, until the further
order of Congress.

September 6, 1785.

Ordered, That the Secretary at War, as soon as may be, cause to be
made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all cannon,
with their sizes and appendages; small arms with their accoutrements;
swords, pistols, . . . ammunition . . . and public stores.

. . the custody of which is charged on the Department of War;
distinguishing the quantity or number, quality and kind of each, and
the several places of their deposits; and that he transmit a like return
on the first Monday in January and the first Monday in July, annually.

October 2, 1788.

The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton,
Mr. Oilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into
the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave t<> report and to
present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various
branches of the Department of War.

* * *

9th. Of the Ordnance Department. This branch of the Department
of War is important and interesting to the Union.

The ordnance, arms, ammunition, and all the numerous appendages
and complex apparatus belonging thereto, in possession of the United
States, are highly valuable and require an incessant attention to their
preservation.

570 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

The places where they are deposited are as follows:

Providence, in Rhode Island. Philadelphia.

Springfield, in Massachusetts. New London and Manchester, Vir-

Mohawk River. . ginia.

West Point, on Hudson's River. Charleston, South Carolina.

Besides which there are considerable quantities of shot and shells at
the furnaces at which they were cast. The proportions at the respec-
tive places are specified in the returns on the files of Congress.

The principal arsenals are at Springfield, West Point, and Phila-
delphia.

The other places can be considered as only temporary accommoda-
tions for the stores, which are to be removed as soon as permanent
arsenals and magazines shall be decided on and provided by the United
States.

By the information of the Secretary at War it appears that the stores
are well accommodated at Springfield, in wooden buildings, except the
magazine, which is an excellent one, built of brick at the public expense
in 1782.

That the powder and stores are well accommodated at West Point,
although the buildings, being built of wood, and the materials unsea-
soned, are going fast to decay.

That the stores in Philadelphia are too much dispersed in different
parts of the city, and placed in buildings illy calculated for their
reception.

The establishment of proper and permanent arsenals and magazines
is an object of high importance and demands the serious attention of
the Government of the United States. But as the expense of erecting
suitable buildings for this purpose will be great, it will perhaps be
thought advisable to defer it for the present.

The arms at Springfield are new and in excellent order, the Secre-
tary at War having had the whole taken to pieces, cleaned, and placed
in racks prepared for the purpose.

About 5,000 arms have been repaired at West Point and are fit for
immediate service. About 10,000 of the others are supposed to be
worth repairing, and this necessary work is going on at that post on a
small scale. To employ the number of workmen requisite to effect the
business in one year would be too expensive for the public finances.
These arms would probably, on an average, cost about one dollar and
a half each to put them in complete order. Between 4,000 and 5,000
arms are in Virginia, the most of which require repairs.

The new arms in Philadelphia are in such a state of repair as to need
cleaning only. The Secretary at War has been constrained to defer
this operation until a suitable building could be obtained or an arsenal
erected in which so to deposit them that they can be kept easily in
order.

The powder at Springfield and West Point, which places include the
greatest quantities in possession of the public, is in excellent order.
Great attention has been annually paid to this article in having it aired,
cleaned, proved, well packed, and also turned frequently.

The brass cannon and mortars are and will remain fit for immediate
service, but it is to be remarked generally that no new carriages for the
cannon or beds for the mortars nave been made since the peace. At
Springfield there are a number of new cannon carriages which have

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 571

never been in service, and also at West Point there are a number fit
for service, but in general the carriages which were left at the close
of the war are too defective for use.

This object will require attention when the finances of the Union
will admit of replacing the carriages, without which the cannon are of
little service.

The ordnance and military stores at the several arsenals under the
charge of storekeepers or deputy commissaries of military stores at
the following rates of pay:

Springfield One deputy commissary, at 40 dollars per month $480

One assistant, 15 dollars per month 180

Providence One storekeeper, 8 ditto 96

West Point One deputy commissary, at 40 dollars per month 480

Fort Herkemer and the Mohawk River One storekeeper, at 14 32/90 172

Philadelphia One commissary of military stores, at 41 64/90 per mo 500

One assistant, 30 dollars per month 360

New London and Manchester One deputy commissary 480

2,748

There are also deputy commissaries having the charge of the public
propert}^ in South Carolina and at Carlisle, but they will soon be
discharged.

Rents of buildings and West Point.

For the buildings occupied in Philadelphia 752 60/90

ditto in Virginia 350

ditto for the post of West Point 400

1,502 60/90

On the establishment of permanent arsenals, and the stores being
collected together, the expenses arising at an}^ other places will cease.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279).

AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments.

* * *

Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army
with . . . military stores, . . . and all other supplies or
iirlicles for the use of the Department of War, be made by or under
the direction of the Treasury Department.

* * *

Act of March 20, 1794 {1 Stats., 3Jfi).

AN ACT to provide for t he defence of certain posts and harlwrs in the United States.

Sec. 2. That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States
to . . . cause to be provided one hundred cannon, of a caliber
each to carry a ball of thirty -two pounds weight, and one hundred
other cannon of a caliber each to carry a ball of twenty-four pounds

572 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

weight, together with the carriages and implements necessary for the
same, and carriages with the necessary implements for one hundred
and fifty other cannon, with two hundred and fifty tons of cannon shot. 1

Act of April 0, 179 J,. (1 Stats., 352).

AN ACT to provide for the erecting and repairing of arsenals and magazines, and

for other purposes.

Sec. 1. That for the safe-keeping of the military stores there shall
be established, under the direction of the President of the United
States, three or four arsenals, with magazines, as he shall judge most
expedient, in such places as will best accommodate the different parts
of the United States. Either or both of the arsenals heretofore used
at Springfield and Carlisle to be continued as part of the said number,
at his discretion: Provided, That none of the said arsenals be erected
until purchases of the land necessary for their accommodation be made,
with the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same is
intended to be erected.

Sec. 2. That there shall be established at each of the aforesaid arse-
nals a national armory, in which shall be employed one superintendent
and one master armorer (who shall be appointed by the President of
the United States), and as many workmen as the Secretary for the
Department of War shall from time to time deem necessaiy, so that
the whole number at all the armories shall not exceed one hundred;
and the said superintendents shall each receive as a compensation
sevent}^ dollars per month, and the said master armorers each fifty
dollars per month..

Sec. 3. That there shall be employed an officer whose duty it shall
be (under the direction of the Department of War) to superintend the
receiving, safe- keeping, and distribution of the military stores of the
United States, and to call to account all persons to whom the same may
be intrusted. He shall receive for his compensation at the rate of one
hundred and twenty -five dollars per month, and shall be appointed by
the President of the United States.

Sec. 4. That a sum not exceeding fifty-nine thousand dollars be
appropriated for the erecting and repairing of the arsenals and mag-
azines aforesaid; and a sum not exceeding twenty -two thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five dollars for defraying the expense of the national
armories for one year; and the further sum of three hundred and forty
thousand dollars to be applied, under the direction of the President of
the United States, in the purchase of arms, ammunition, and military
stores, which said several sums shall be paid out of the duties on
imports and tonnage to the end of the present 3 r ear.

Sec. 5. That an annual account of the expenses of the national armo-
ries be laid before the Legislature of the United States, together with
an account of the arms made and repaired therein.

1 The above armament was intended, as provided in section 1, for the fortifications
at Portland, Me. ; Portsmouth, N. H. ; Gloucester, Salem, Marblehead, and, Boston,
Mass.; Newport, R. I.; New London, Conn.; New York, N. Y.; Philadelphia, Pa.;
Wilmir> "ton, Del.; Baltimore, Md.; Norfolk and Alexandria, Va.; Cape Fear River
and Oc ^o<:k Inlet, North Carolina; Charleston and Georgetown, S. C. ; and Savannah
and Saint Mary's, Ga.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 573

Act of May 9, 179 % (1 Stats., 367).

AN ACT supplementary to "An act to provide for the defence of certain posts and
harbors in the United States."

That the post and harbor of the city of Annapolis be fortified, . . .
and that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to
. . . provide cannon and equipments, . . .

Act of May 22, 17 W {1 Stats., 369). 1

AN ACT prohibiting for a limited time the exportation of arms and ammunition, and
encouraging the importation of the same.

Sec. 1. That it shall not be lawful to export from the United States
any cannon, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords, cutlasses, musket balls,
lead, bombs, grenades, gunpowder, sulphur, or saltpetre, but the expor-
tation of all the aforesaid articles are hereby prohibited for and during
the term of one year.

* * *

Sec. 5. That all brass cannon, muskets and firelocks with bayonets
suited to the same, pistols, swords, cutlasses, musket ball, lead, and
gunpowder which shall be imported into the United States from any
foreign country within the term of one year, and all sulphur and salt-
petre which shall be so imported within the term of two years from
and after the passing of this act, shall be free of duty, anything in any
former law to the contrary notwithstanding.

Act of February 23, 1795 (1 Stats., 4.19).

AN ACT to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies 2

Sec. 1. That there shall be in the Department of the Treasury an
officer to be denominated "purveyor of public supplies," whose duty
it shall be, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the
Treasury, to conduct the procuring and providing of all arms, military
. . . stores, . . . and generally all articles of supply requisite
for the service of the Uhited States. . . .

* * *

March S, 1795 (1-444). For public purposes only, the President was authorized
to permit the exportation of arms, cannon, and military stores.

Act of May 4, 1798 (1 Stats., 555).

AN ACT to enable the President of the United States to procure cannons, arms,
and ammunition, and for other purposes.

Sec. 1. That a sum not exceeding eight hundred thousand dollars
shall be, and hereby is, appropriated, and shall and may be paid out of
any monies not before appropriated, under the direction of the Presi-
dent of the United States, to purchase, as soon as may be, a sufficient

'Sections 1 ami 5 of this act reenacted June 1 I, 1 7* T , the former extending pro-
hibition to .Inly n, I7 ( .s, by ad of \pril 7, 1798. Section I as amended farmer
extended prohibition until May 1 1, 1800, except the ex port a tion of sulphur and salt-
peter, which Is prohibited Until March 8, 1801.

'The otlice was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812.

574 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

number of cannon, also a supply of small arms and of ammunition and
military stores, to be deposited and used as will be most conducive to
the public safety and defence, at the discretion of the President of the
United States.

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized, in case he shall find it impracticable to procure by pur-
chase with certainty^ and dispatch proportionate to the necessities of
the public service the cannon and arms hereby required, and any con-
siderable part thereof shall be likely to be deficient, to take by lease,
for a term of years, or by sale in fee to the United States, one or
more suitable 'place or places where cannon or small arms may be
advantageously cast and manufactured, and shall and may there estab-
lish founderies and armouries for the manufacture of the same, respec-
tively, and shall cause suitable artisans and laborers to be there
employed for account of the United States; and shall and may appoint
one or more persons to superintend the said works, under the direction
of the Department of War. And an account of the expenditures which
shall be incurred in forming and employing these establishments, and
of the cannon and arms which shall be cast and manufactured therein,
respectively, shall be laid before the Congress of the United States, at
their next session, and annually thereafter, so long as the same shall
be continued.

Sec. 3. That the sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall be, and
hereby is, appropriated, and shall be paid out of any monies not before
appropriated, for the hire, purchase, and employ of the said founderies
and armouries, respectively, in case such establishments shall be found
necessary, as hereinbefore provided.

Act of May 8, 1798 (1 Stats., 558).

AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army.
* . * *

Sec. 13. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is
hereby, authorized to cause to be purchased and procured a quantity
of caps, swords or sabres, and pistols with holsters, not exceeding
what may be sufficient for four thousand cavalry, and to be deposited
in the parts of the United States where he shall deem it most conven-
ient for the supply of any corps of cavalry which shall be called into
the actual service of the United States. . . .

Act of July 6, 1798 (1 Stats., 576).

AN ACT providing arms for the militia throughout the United States.

Sec. 1. That there shall be provided, at the charge and expense of
the Government of the United States, thirty thousand stand of arms,
which shall be deposited, by order of the President of the United
States, at suitable places, for the purpose of being sold to the govern-
ments of the respective States, or the militia thereof, under such regu-
lations and at such prices as the President of the United States shall
prescribe.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 575

Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 610).

A X ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of
the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services f or
the military . . . service of the United States shall be made by
or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War
. . . ., and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore-
said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the
proper department for which such supplies or services are required,
subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of
the Treasury in manner before prescribed.

Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the purveyor of public supplies
to execute all such orders as he may from time to time receive from
the Secretaiy of War . . . relative to the procuring- and provid-
ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts
relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which
accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers
of the Treasury as aforesaid.

Sec. 5. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of
May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, entitled '"An act
making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the
act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-five, entitled "An act to establish the office of
purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the
provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed.

Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act, or of any
law of the United States, and requiring the advance of mone}^, or to
be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts,
shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of
the United States within ninety days after their date*, respectively.

Act of May 7, 1800 (2 Stats., 61).

AN ACT for the regulation of public arsenals and magazines.

Sec. 1. That the several officers who now are, or hereafter may be,
employed in the armories of the United States shall be entitled to and
shall receive the following compensations, in addition to their pay as
established by law, to wit: A superintendent of such armory, three
rations per day or an equivalent in money; and a master armorer,
two rations per day or an equivalent in money.

* * *

Si:< . 3. That if any artificer or workman hired, retained, or employed
in any public arsenal or armory shall, wantonly and carelessly, break,

i in I aii-, or destroy any implements, tools, or utensils, or any stock, or
materials for making guns, the property of the United States; or shall
wilfully and obstinately refuse to perform the services lawfully assigned
to him pursuant to his contract, every such person shall forfeit a sum
not exceeding twenty dollars for every such act of disobedience or
breach of contract, to be recovered in any court having competent
jurisdiction thereof.
Sec. 4. That all artificers and workmen who are or shall be emplo3 7 ed

576 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

in the said armories shall be, and they are hereby, exempted during
their term of service from all military service and service as jurors in
any court.

Act of March 3, 1803 (2 Stats., 21^1).

AN ACT directing a detachment from the militia of the United States, and for

erecting certain arsenals.

* *

Sec. o. 1 That twenty -five thousand dollars be appropriated for
erecting, at such place or places on the Western waters as the President
may judge most proper, one or more arsenals; and that the President
cause the same to be furnished with such arms, ammunition, and mili-
tary stores as he may deem necessary.

Act of April 3, 1808 (2 Stats., 490).

AN ACT making provision for arming and equipping the whole body of the militia

of the United States. 2

Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to purchase sites for and erect such additional arsenals and
manufactories of arms as he may deem expedient, under the limita-
tions and restrictions now provided by law: Provided also, That so
much of any law as restricts the number of workmen in the armories
of the United States to one hundred men be, and the same hereby is,
repealed.

Act of March 28, 1812 (2 Stats., 696).

i
AN ACT to establish a Quartermaster's Department, and for other purposes.

. Sec. 17. That there shall be four conductors of artillery, who shall
be appointed by the President alone, each of whom shall be entitled to
the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant of artillery.

Act of May U, 1812 (2 Stats., 732).
AN ACT for the better regulation of the ordnance.

That there be, and hereby is, established an Ordnance Department,
to consist of a commissary -general of ordnance, an assistant commis-
sary-general, four deputy commissaries, and as many assistant deputy
commissaries as the President of the United States may think neces-
sary, not exceeding eight.

1 Repealed by section 7 of act of April 18, 1806 (2-383).

2 The organic law (May 8, 1792, 1-271) for establishing a uniformed militia through-
out the United States provided that every man enrolled provide himself with suit-
able arms; by the act of July 6, 1798 (1-576), 30,000 stands of arms were to be provided
at public expense and sold to the State governments. The above act regulated the
issues of arms to States and Territories in proportion to the number of the effective
militia in each.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 577

Sec. 2. That the Commissary-General be authorized, from time to
time, to employ as many wheelwrights, carriage makers, blacksmiths,
and lal)orers as the public service may, in his judgment, require.

Sec. 3. That the commissary-general of ordnance shall be entitled
to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of infantry, and be fur-
ther allowed, at the rate of five hundred dollars per year and four
rations per day, for clerks in his department; the assistant commissary -
general of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments
of a major of infantry, with three additional rations per day; the
deputy commissaries of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay,
and emoluments of a captain of infantry, with two additional rations
per day and forage for one horse; the assistant deputies shall have
the rank, pay, and emoluments of a second lieutenant of infantry, with
one additional ration per day.

Sec. 4. That a master wheelwright and carriage maker and a master
blacksmith be allowed thirty dollars each per month and one ration
and one-half of a ration per day; that anyr other wheelwrights, carriage
makers, and blacksmith 3 be allowed each sixteen dollars per month
and one ration and one-half of a ration per day; that the laborers each
be allowed nine dollars per month and one ration per day.

Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of
ordnance to direct the inspection and proving of all pieces of ordnance,
cannon balls, shells, and shot procured for the use of the Army of the
United States, and to direct the construction of all carriages and every
apparatus for ordnance for garrison and field service and all ammu-
nition wagons, pontons, and traveling forges; also the direction of
laboratories, the inspection and proving the public powder, and the
preparing all kinds of ammunition for garrison and field service, and
shall, half yearly, examine all ordnance carriages, ammunition, and
apparatus in the respective fortresses, magazines, and arsenals and
cause the same to be preserved and kept in good order.

Sec. 6. That the commissary -general of ordnance shall execute all
orders issued by the Secretary for the Department of War in convey-
ing all ordnance, ammunition, and apparatus to the respective armies,
garrisons, magazines, and arsenals, and in time of war he shall execute
all orders of any general officer, commanding in an army or garrison,
for the supply of ordnance, ammunition, carriages, pontons, forges,
furnaces, or apparatus for garrison, field, or siege service, and for-
ward the same without delay and in good condition.

Sec. 7. That the commissary-general of ordnance shall, half yearly,
transmit to the Department of war a correct return of all ordnance,
ammunition, military stores, and effects in the respective garrisons,
arsenals, magazines, posts, and camps, with a statement of their order,
quality, and condition; and also what may be necessary to keep up an
ample supply of each and every article in the Ordnance Department,
and shall in all things faithfully and without delay execute the orders
of the Secretary for the Department of War touching the same.

>i .< . 8. That the superintendents of military stores, keepers of mag
azines and arsenals, shall, half yearly, make correct returns to the com
missary-genera] of ordnance of all military stores that they respec-
tively have in charge; and that the assistant commissary-general of
ordnance, the deputy commissaries, and assistant deputies shall faith-
fully and without delay execute all orders that shall be issued by the
Secretary for the Department of War, the Commanding General, in
time of war, of any corps, camp, or garrison, or of the commissary -
S. Doc. 229 37

578 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

general of ordnance, in their respective departments, by virtue of
this act.

Sec. 9. That the commissary -general of ordnance shall make a cor-
rect report of the artificers and laborers from time to time employed
by him, and transmit the same to the Adjutant-General.

* *

Act of March 3, 1813 ( Slats., 816).

AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and
for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same.

That the third section of the act entitled "An act to provide for the
erecting and repairing of arsenals and magazines, and for other pur-
poses," passed on the second day of April, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-four, be, and the same is hereby, repealed from and after
the thirty -first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.

Sec. 2. [That the superintendent-general of military supplies shall]
prescribe the forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and
supplies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered
by the commissaiy of ordnance and officers in his department. . . .

Sec. 3. That . . . the commissary of ordnance, his assistants
and deputies . . . who shall have received, or may be entrusted
with an}^ stores or supplies of any description whatever for the use of
the Army of the United States, and of the volunteers or militia in
their service, shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and
state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid,
and shall also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such
other times as the Secretary for the War Department may prescribe:
Provided, however, That the accounts and returns thus rendered shall
relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and
disposed of or as umy remain on hand, and shall not embrace the spe-
cie accounts for monies disbursed by such officers . . ; which
specie accounts shall be rendered as heretofore to the accountant for
the War Department.

prescribe. . . .

* * *

Act of March 3, 1813 x (2 Stats., 819).

AN ACT" for the better organization of the general staff of- the Army of the United

States.

* * *

Sec. 6. That the number of assistant deputy commissaries of ord-
nance shall not exceed sixteen, and that they shall, respectively, be
entitled to the brevet rank and to the pay and emoluments of a first
lieutenant of infantry.

* *

1 The superintendent-general of military supplies, authorized to be appointed under
this act, Mas not a staff officer but a civilian with a salary of $3,000 per annum, His
duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every de-
scription purchased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe
/onus of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc.

THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 579

Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . com-
missary-general of ordnance . . . which relate to their official
duties shall be free from postage.

Act of August 2, 1813 (3 Stats., 75).

AN ACT supplementary to the act entitled "An act for the better regulation of the

ordnance. ' '

That in addition to the present number allowed by law, as many
deputy' commissaries of ordnance may be appointed, not exceeding five,
as the President of the United States shall deem necessary to the pub-
lic service, who shall be entitled to the same rank, pay, emoluments,
iat ions, and forage as are now provided by the act to which this is a
supplement.

Act of March 30, 181 J,, {3 Stats., 113). 1

AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United

States.

Sec. 16. That the commissary-general of ordnance may employ in
his department, besides blacksmiths and wheelwrights, other mechanics,
such as the public service may require, who shall, together with the
said blacksmiths and wheelwrights, be mustered under the general
denomination of artificers; and such artificers, being hereafter or hav-
ing been heretofore enlisted to serve for the term of five years or dur-
ing the war, shall be entitled to the same allowance of clothing as is or
may be provided for the soldiers of the Army.

Sec. 17. That the laborers who may be hereafter enlisted to serve
in the Ordnance Department for the term of five years, or during the
war, shall be entitled to a bounty of twenty-five dollars in money and
the same annual allowance of clothing as is or may be provided for the
soldiers of the Army.

Act of February 8, 1815 (3 Stats., 203).
AN ACT for the better regulation of the Ordnance Department.

That from and after the passage of this act, the Ordnance Depart-
ment shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors,
Itii captains, ten first lieutenants, ten second lieutenants, and ten third
lieutenants.

Sec. 2. That the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Depart-
ment is authorized to enlist for the service of that department, for
five years, as many master armorers, master carriage makers, master
blacksmiths, artificers, armorers, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and
laborers as the public service, in his judgment, under the direction of
the Secretary for the Department of War, may require.

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the colonel of the Ordnance

'Section 8 provides for the aeaignmenl of one of the second lieutenants in each
Company for the duty of receiving and accounting for all ammunition, Implements,
and cannon furnished the company l>y the Ordnance Department.

580 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Department to direct the inspection and proving of all pieces of ord-
nance, cannon balls, shot, shells, small arms, and side arms, and equip-
ments procured for the use of the armies of the United States, and to
direct the construction of all cannon and carriages and every imple-
ment and apparatus for ordnance, and all ammunition wagons, travelling
forges, and artificers' wagons, the inspection and proving of powder,
and the preparation of all kinds of ammunition and ordnance stores.
And it shall also be the duty of the colonel or senior officer of the
Ordnance Department to furnish estimates, and, under the direction of
the Secretary for the Department of War, to make contracts and pur-
chases, for procuring the necessary supplies of arms, equipments,
ordnance, and ordnance stores.

Sec. 4. That the colonel of the Ordnance Department shall organize
and attach to regiments, corps, or garrisons such number of artificers,
with proper tools, carriages, and apparatus, under such regulations
and restrictions relative to their government and number as, in his
judgment, with the approbation of the Secretary for the Department
of War, may be considered necessary.

Sec. 5. That the colonel of the "Ordnance Department, or senior
officer of that department of any district, shall execute all orders of
the Secretary for the Department of War, and, in time of war, the
orders of any general or field officer commanding any army, garrison,
or detachment, for the supply of all arms, ordnance, ammunition, car-
riages, forges, and apparatus for garrison, field, or siege service.

Sec. 6. That the keepers of all magazines and arsenals shall, quar-
terly, or oftener if so directed, and in such manner as directed by the
colonel of the Ordnance Department, make correct returns to the
colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Department of all ordnance,
arms, and ordnance stores they may have in charge.

Sec. 7. That the costs of repairs or damages done to arms, equip-
ments, or implements in the use of the armies of the United States
shall be deducted from the pay of any officer or soldier in whose care
or use the said arms, equipments, or implements were when the said
damage occurred: Provided, The said damages were occasioned by the
abuse or negligence of the said officer or soldier. And it is hereby
made the duty of every officer commanding regiments, corps, garri-
sons, or detachments to make, once every two months, or oftener if
so directed, a written report to the colonel of the Ordnance Depart-
ment, stating all damage to arms, equipments, and implements belonging
to his command, noting those occasioned by negligence or abuse, and
naming the officer or soldier by whose negligence or abuse the said
damages were occasioned.

Sec. 8. That the colonel of the Ordnance Department shall make
half yearly to the War Department, or oftener, if the Secretary for
that Department shall so direct, a correct report of the officers and all
artificers and laborers in his department; also of all ordnance, arms,
military stores, implements, and apparatus of every description, and
in such form as the Secretary for the Department of War shall direct.

Sec. 9. That to insure system and uniformity in the different public
armories they are hereby placed under the direction of the Ordnance
Department. And the colonel of the Ordnance Department, under the
direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, is hereby
authorized to establish depots of arms, ammunition, and ordnance stores
in such parts of the United States and in such numbers as may be
deemed necessary.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 581

Sec. 10. That the colonel of the Ordnance Department, under the
direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, is hereby
authorized to draw up a .system of regulations for the government of
the Ordnance Department, forms of returns and reports, and for the
uniformity of manufactures of all arms, ordnance, ordnance stores,
implements, and apparatus, and for the repairing and better preserva-
tion of the same.

Sec. 11. That the pay, emoluments, and allowances for the officers
of the Ordnance Department shall be the same as the pay, emoluments,
and allowances now allowed to officers of similar grades, respectively,
in the artillery of the United States. And that the pay of a master
armorer shall be thirty dollars per month and one and a half rations
per day; of a master carriage maker, thirty dollars per month and
one and a half rations per day; the pay of armorers, carriage makers,
or blacksmiths, each sixteen dollars per month and one and a half
rations per day ; the pay of artificers, thirteen dollars per month and
one ration per day ; and the pay of laborers, nine dollars per month
and one ration per daj T ; and to all of the said workmen, artificers, and
laborers the same clothing and other allowances as are allowed to
privates of infantry in the Army of the United States, except clothing
to the master workmen.

Sec. 12. That the President of the United States is hereby author-
ized to continue in the service, under this act, all the officers of the
Ordnance Department in service on the passage of the same, or to
transfer them to other corps of the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 11. That the act passed May the fourteenth, one thousand
eight hundred and twelve, entitled "An act for the better regulation
of the Ordnance Department." and the sections of any other acts com-
ing within the purview of any of the sections of this act be, and the
same are herebj^ repealed.

May 17, 1815. . . . The acts of Congress establishing the Ordnance Depart-
ment, . . . remain in force; . . . {General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office. )

Act of April 29, 1816 (3 Stats., 323).

AN ACT to increase the compensation of the superintendents of the manufactories
of arms at Springfield and Harper's Ferry.

That in addition to the pay and rations as at present fixed of the
superintendents of the manufactories of arms at Springfield and Har-
per's Ferry they shall receive thirty dollars per month and one ration
per day

Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615).

A \ ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 4. That the Ordnance Department shall be merged in the artil-
lery; and that the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to select from the regiments of artillery such officers as
may be necessary to perform ordnance duties, who, while so detached,
- 1 ml 1 receive the pay and emoluments now received by ordnance officers,
and shall be subject only to the orders of the War Department; and
that the number of enlisted men in the Ordnance Department be
reduced to tifty-six.

582 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of March 3, 1823 (3 Stats., 788).
AN ACT to establish a national armory on the Western waters.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to employ a skilful engineer or officer of the Ordnance Depart-
ment, with such other person or persons as he may judge proper, to
examine the most suitable site for a national armory on the Western
waters. . . .

Act of March 3, 1825 (4 Stats., 127).

AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores.

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to cause to be sold any ordnance, arms, ammunition, or other
military stores . . . which, upon proper inspection or survey,
shall appear to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public
service whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores
will be advantageous to the public service.

Act of May 20, 1826 (j. Stats., 178).

AN ACT concerning the United States arsenal in Georgia.

That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause
to be purchased, in the vicinity of Augusta, a suitable site for an
United States arsenal and to be erected thereon such buildings as may
be necessary, in lieu of those at this time occupied for such purpose:
Provided, Such site can be obtained upon reasonable terms, and with
a proper regard to health and to the public conveniences: And pro-
vided also, That the consent of the proper authorities of the State of
Georgia shall be given thereto and the jurisdiction over the same be
ceded to the United States.

Act of May 20, 1826 (4 Stats., T?9).

AN ACT to authorize the Secretary of the War Department to purchase a site for an
arsenal at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, and to provide for the erection of an
arsenal on the same.

That the Secretary of the War Department be, and he is hereby,
authorized to purchase, as soon as it can be effected on reasonable terms,
a site for an arsenal at or in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri; and
to cause to be erected such an arsenal on the same as may be deemed
proper for the safe-keeping of the arms and munitions of the United
States on that frontier. . . .

March 3, 1827 (4, 241)- Secretary of War was authorized to purchase a site for an
arsenal in the town of Augusta, Me,

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 583

Act of May H, 1828 (4 Stats., 304).

AN ACT authorizing the establishment of an arsenal on the waters of Mobile or

Pensacola bays.

That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and
required to procure, as soon as it can be effected on reasonable terms,
a site for an arsenal on the waters of Mobile or Pensacola bays, and to
cause to be erected thereon such an arsenal as may be deemed proper
for the safe-keeping of the arms and munitions of war of the United
States for the Mexican Gulf frontier. . . .

Act of April 5, 1832 (4 Stats., 504).
AN ACT providing for the organization of the Ordnance Department.

That from and after the passage of this act the Ordnance Depart-
ment shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors,
and ten captains, and as many enlisted men as the public service may
require, not exceeding two hundred and fifty.

Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War be authorized to select from the
sergeants of the line of the Army who shall have faithfully served
eight years in the service, four years of which in the grade of non-
ce anmissioned officer, as many ordnance-sergeants as the service may
require, not to exceed- one to each military post, whose duty it shall
be to receive and preserve the ordnance, arms, ammunition, and
other military stores at the post, under the direction of the command-
ing officer of the same, and under such regulations as shall be pre-
scribed by the Secretary of War, and who shall receive for their
services five dollars per month in addition to their pay in the line.

Sec. 3. That the first section of the act passed on the eighth of Feb-
ruary, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, entitled "An act for
the better regulation of the Ordnance Department," and so much of
the second section of the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the
military peace establishment of the United States," passed the second
of March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one, as provides
for otic supernumerary captain to each regiment of artillery, to per-
form ordnance duty, and so much of the fourth section of the same
act as merges* the Ordnance Department in the artillery and reduces
the number of enlisted men be, and the same are hereby, repealed:
/'/f/trided, That nothing contained in this act shall be so construed as
to divest the President of the United States of authority to select
from the regiments of artillery such number of lieutenants as may be
necessary for the performance of the duties of the Ordnance Depart-
ment.

Sec. 4. That all officers and enlisted men authorized by this act
shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, and that the officers
shall receive the pay and emoluments now allowed, or which may
hereafter be allowed, to artillery officers.

Act of June 14, 1836 (5 Stats., 47).
AN ACT to establish an arsenal of construction in the State of North Carolina.

That the sum of forty-five thousand dollars be, and the same is
hereby, appropriated . . . towards the purchase of a site and
the building of tin arsenal of deposit and general construction near
the town of Fayetteville, in fho Stale of North Carolina*

584 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of July 2, 1836 (5 Stats., 77).

AN ACT making appropriations for certain fortifications of the United States for the
year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, and for other purposes.

. . . For the purchase of sites, and the construction of arsenals,
for the deposit of arms in Arkansas, Missouri, and at Memphis, Ten-
nessee, forty-two thousand two hundred and fifty-six dollars: Provided,
That the cost of such arsenal shall not exceed fourteen thousand dollars
each.

Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256).

AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for

other purposes.

Sec. 13. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby,
authorized to add to the Ordnance Department, whenever he may deem
it expedient to increase the same, by and with the advice of the Senate,
two majors; and that he be further authorized to transfer ten first lieu-
tenants and ten second lieutenants from the artillery to the Ordnance
Department, and that the pay and emoluments of the officers of the
said department shall be the same as those allowed to the officers of the
regiment of dragoons.

Sec. 14. That so much of the fourth section of the act passed fifth
of April, eighteen hundred and thirty-two, for the organization of the
Ordnance Department as authorized the officers of ordnance to receive
the same pay and emoluments now allowed artillery officers shall be
construed to include the ten dollars per month additional pay to every
officer in the actual command of a company as compensation for the duties
and responsibilities with respect to clothing, arms, and accoutrements
of the company, under the authority of the second section of the act
passed second of March, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven, giving
further compensation to the captains and subalterns of the Army of
the United States in certain cases: Provided, That the officers of the
Ordnance Department claiming the compensation for such duties and
responsibilities shall have been actually in the command of enlisted
men of the ordnance equal to a company of artillery, and thereby
incurred the aforesaid responsibilities.

* * *

Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business to and
from . . . the colonel of ordnance . . . shall be free from

postage.

* * *

Sec. 26. That the compensation hereafter to be allowed to such
ordnance storekeepers as shall be designated as paymasters shall not
exceed the pay and emoluments of a captain of ordnance.

* * *

Sec. 32. That the superintendents of the armories at Springfield and
Harper's Ferry shall nereafter receive each the sum of fifteen hun-
dred dollars and rations, fuel, and quarters as at present authorized;
and that the master armorers of the same shall each receive the sum

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 585

u twelve hundred dollars, and fuel, and quarters us at present author-
ized; and that the aforesaid sums and allowances to the officers afore-
said shall be in full compensation for their services, respectively.

Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308).

AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military
establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth,
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight.

That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same
hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows:

* * *

Fourth, That the number of lieutenants authorized by said act to
be added and transferred to the Ordnance Department shall be limited

to twelve.

* * *

Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512).

AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the offices of the superintendents of the armories at
Springfield and at Harper's Ferry shall be, and the same are hereby,
abolished, and the duties thereof shall be performed by such officers of
the Ordnance Corps as shall be designated by the President; and that
from and after the first day of October next the master armorers at
the national armories shall receive each twelve hundred dollars annually,
payable quarter yearly; and the inspectors and clerks each eight hun-
dred dollars per annum; and the paymasters and military storekeepers
at the armories and at the arsenals of construction at Pittsburg, Water-
vliet, and Washington City shall receive each twelve hundred and fifty
dollars annually, pa} r able m like manner, and the said paymasters and
military storekeepers shall give security for the faithful discharge of
their duties in such sum as the Secretary of War shall prescribe. And
the two military storekeepers, authorized by the act of second of
March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty -one, shall receive each
twelve hundred and fifty dollars per annum. And no military store-
keeper at arsenals shall, after the first day of October next, receive as
pay or emoluments beyond eight hundred dollars per annum besides
quarters actually provided and occupied as such, and the number author-
ized to be thus employed is hereby limited to ten; and all other offices
of military storekeepers are hereby abolished and discontinued on and
after said first day of October, and the officers hereby dismissed shall
be allowed three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to
which they may be entitled on that day. And none of the above-named
officers, and no officers at the armories, of any grade whatever, shall
hereafter receive emoluments of any kind, or any compensation or
commutation beyond their stipulated, pay in money, except quarters
actually provided for and occupied by such officers.

* *

Sec. ". That a competent person may be employed by the Ordnance
Bureau, under the direction of the Secretary of War. lor such time

580 LEGISLATIVE UISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

as may be necessary, to superintend the manufacture of iron cannon
at the several foundries where such cannon ma}^ be made under con-
tracts with the United States, whose pay and emoluments shall not
exceed those of a major of ordnance during the time he shall be so
employed, to be paid out of the appropriations for armament of forti-
fications; and for the services rendered in such superintendence since
the first day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-one, under the
authority of the War Department, the same compensation shall be
allowed as herein provided.

Act of June 18, 18$ (9 Stats., 17).

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing the prosecution of the
existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other
purposes.

* * *

Sec. 11. That the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Depart-
ment is authorized to enlist, for the service of that department, as
many master armorers, master carriage makers, master blacksmiths,
artificers, armorers, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and laborers as the
public service, in his judgment, under the directions of the Secretary
for the Department of War, may require.

Act of March 3, 184,7 (9 Stats., 184).

AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers, and for other

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 16. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby,
authorized to add to the Ordnance Department, whenever he shall deem
it expedient to increase the same, two captains and six first lieuten-
ants, who shall be entitled to receive the same pay and allowances as
officers of those grades, respectively, now belonging to that depart-
ment, to be disbanded at the close of the war.

* # *

Sec. 22. That all the officers appointed . . . under this act
shall be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico, except the
officers of the ordnance authorized by the sixteenth section, . .

July 10, 1848 [9-246) . Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men
of the Ordnance and other corps of the Army.

Resolution of August 10, 1848 (9 Stats., 340).

JOINT RESOLUTION concerning certain portions of the Marine and Ordnance Corps.

That . . . the artificers and laborers of the Ordnance Corps
serving in said war [Mexican war] be placed, in all respects, as to
bounty land and other remuneration, in addition to ordinary pay, on
a footing with the officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, and
musicians of the Army:. Provided, That this remuneration shall be in
lieu of prize money and all other extra allowances.

* * *

March 2, 1849 (9-418). Arms and ammunition from the public stores may be
issued to emigrants to the Territories of Oregon, California, or New Mexico.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 587

Act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stats., 370).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty.

* * *

Sec. 2. That the military storekeeper at Watertown Arsenal, Massa-
chusetts, be allowed, from this first aay of October, eighteen hundred
and forty-two, the same compensation as is authorized by the act of
the twenty-third August, eighteen hundred and forty-two, to be
paid to the storekeepers at the Washington, Pittsburg, and Watervliet
arsenals; . . .

* * *

Act of September 28, 1850 (9 Stats., 504).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

* * *

. . . That the principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau of the
War Department shall receive a compensation not less than that of
the person employed at the foundaries, under the fifth section of the
act approved twenty-third of August, eighteen hundred and forty T two,
from and after the date thereof.

Sec. 3. That the moneys which may be received by the proper
officers of the Army for the sale of . . . military stores and other
supplies be, and they are hereby, exempted from the operation of the
act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, entitled
"An act requiring all moneys received from the customs and all other
sources to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction."

* * *

Sec. 4. That the military storekeeper at Little Rock Arsenal,
Arkansas, be allowed, from the first day or October, eighteen hundred
stud forty-two, to the twenty-fifth day of October, eighteen hundred
and forty-nine, the same compensation as is authorized by the act of
the twenty-third of August, eighteen hundred and forty-two, to be
paid to the storekeepers at the Washington, Pittsburg, and Watervliet
arsenals, . . .

* * *

March 3, 1851 (9-618). Authorizes erection of two powder magazines on the
Jefferson Barracks reservation.

Act of March 3, 1853 (10 Stats., 214).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.

* * *

. . . Provided, That the salary of the military storekeepers of
the Ordnance Department in Oregon, California, and New Mexico shall
hereafter be $1,250 per annum.

* * *

. . . Provided, That from and after the first day of July next
the, act of Congress approved August twenty-third, eighteen hundred
and forty-two, be so modified that the President may, if in his opinion
the public interest demands it, place over any of the armories a super-

588 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OK GENERAL STAKE OF U. S. ARMY.

intendent who does not belong to the Army; . . . ; and the Sec-
retary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to abolish .such of the
arsenals of the United States as in his judgment may be useless or
unnecessary.

Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War be directed to report to Congress
whether in his opinion it would not be more economical, proper, and
advisable to cause all the arms of the United States to be made by

contract.

* * *

Sec. 9. That whenever any lieutenant of the . . . ordnance
corps shall have served fourteen years' continuous service as lieuten-
ant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain: Provided, That the
whole number of officers in . . . said corps shall not be increased
beyond the number now fixed by law: And provided further* That no
officer shall be promoted before those who rank him in his corps.

Act of August 5, 185k (10 Stats., 576).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.

. . . Provided, That so much of all laws heretofore passed which
authorized the appointment of military officers to superintend the
operations at the national armories be, and the same is hereby,
repealed; and from and after the passage of this act it shall be the
dut} T of the President of the United States, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, to appoint a competent and well-qualified civil-
ian as superintendent at each of said armories.

* * *

March 3, 1855 (10-635). Compensation of the civil superintendents of national
armories to be $2,500 without perquisites or allowances of any kind, quarters
excepted, section 7, annual distribution of arms to the several States to be made
according to number of Senators and Representatives in Congress.

August 30, 1856 (11-147). Erection authorized of suitable magazines and other
arsenal buildings in Texas, California, Washington or Oregon Territory, and New
Mexico.

Act of March 3, 1857 (11 Stats., 200).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending

the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight.

* * *

Sec. 3. That the master armorers at the national armories shall
receive fifteen hundred dollars each per annum.

Act of June 12, 1858 (11 Stats., 332).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending

the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine.

* * *

For the alteration of old arms so as to make them breech-loading
arras, upon a model to be selected and approved by a board of ordnance
officers . . . : Provided, That . . . not exceeding five thou-
sand dollars may be expended under the direction of the Secretary of
War, and at his discretion, in applying to the old or new arms any
recent improvement in the mode of priming.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 589

Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91).

AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and
sixty-one.

* * *

Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in
any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv-
ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising
a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When
immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency,
the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or
contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are
usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals.
No contract or purchase shall hereafter be* made unless the same be
authorized by law, or be under an appropriation adequate to its ful-
fillment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, sub-
sistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however,
shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms, nor
military supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be
purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention,
unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation
therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention.

Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., lfl).

AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth
of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

* * *

Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making
appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen
hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as
the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which
the said section shall still be in force.

* * *

March 2, 1861 {12-208). The St. Louis Arsenal to he removed to Jefferson Bar-
racks. [This act was repealed by the act of February 20, 1865 (13-432).]

Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stats., 214).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.

* * *

Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services
in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal
services, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate
delivery of the article or articles or performance of the service, shall
be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals
respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is
required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may
be procured by open purchase or contract at the place and in the
manner in which such articles are usuaily bought and sold or such

590 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall
hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by laAV or be under
an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . .
Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or trans-
portation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the
current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act mak-
ing appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses
of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of
June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is
hereby, repealed.

July 10, 1861 {12-255'). Remits duties on arms imported between May 1, 1861,
and January 1, 1862, on proof that they were intended for the use of the troops of
any State aiding in suppressing the insurrection against the United States.

Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287).

AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment.

* * *

Sec. 3. . . . And there shall be added to the Ordnance Depart-
ment of the United States Army, as now organized, one Chief of Ord-
nance with the rank, pay, and emoluments of the Quartermaster-General
of the Army; one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and six second lieu-
tenants; the field officers to be appointed by selection from the officers
of the Army, and the second lieutenants from the graduates of the
United States Military Academy by transfers from the engineers, or
the topographical engineers, or the artilleiy.

Act of August 6, 1861 (12 Stats., 317).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer Corps,

and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That so much of the first section of the act approved August
fifth, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, as authorizes the appointment
of civilians to superintend the national armories be, and the same is
hereby, repealed, and that the superintendents of these armories shall
be appointed hereafter from officers of the Ordnance Department.

June 2, 1862 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to
make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts,
affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

Act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stats., 506).

ANfACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropriations
for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for
otker purposes.

* # *

Sec. 3. That the enlisted men of the Ordnance Department now
designated as master workmen shall hereafter be designated and mus-
tered as sergeants; those now designated as armorers, carriage makers,
and blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as corporals; those

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 591

now designated sua artificers shall be designated and mustered as privates
of the first class, and those now designated as laborers shall be desig-
nated and mustered as privates of the second class: Provided, That the
pay. rations, and clothing now authorized by law to the respective
grades of enlisted ordnance men shall not be changed.

Act of July 11, 1862 (12 Stats., 537).

AN ACT for the establishment of certain national arsenals.

That there shall be, and hereby is, established a national arsenal at
( Jolumbus, in the State of Ohio, at Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana,
and on Rock Island, in the State of Illinois, for the deposit and repair
of arms and other munitions of war.

* * *

July 17, 1862 (12-594). Contractors for arras, ammunition, etc., guilty of fraud
to l>e subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was
extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and
all inspectors of military supplies.

Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597).

purposes.

* * *

Sec. 10. . . . The senior officer of artillery in each army corps
shall, in addition to his other duties, act as chief of artillery and ord-
nance at the headquarters of the corps.

Act of March ->', 1863 (12 Stats., 74$).

AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance
Department, and for other purposes.

* *

Sec. 4. That there shall be added to the Ordnance Department one
lieutenant-colonel, two majors, eight captains, eight first lieutenants,
the additional officers herein authorized to be appointed by promotion
so far as the present officers of the Ordnance Corps will permit, and
the residue to be appointed by transfers from other regiments or corps
of the Army: Prondnl, That no officer of the Ordnance Department
below the rank of a field officer shall be promoted or commissioned to
a higher grade, nor shall any officer of the Army be commissioned as
ati ordnance officer until he shall have passed a satisfactory examina-
tion before a board of not less than three ordnance, officers, senior to
him in rank; and should such officer fail on such examination, he shall
be suspended from promotion or appointment for one year, when he
may be reexamined before a like board; and if, upon such second
examination, an ordnance officer fail, he shall be dismissed from the
service, and if an officer of the Army he shall not be commissioned.

* * *

Sec. 1-. That the increase of rank of officers and in the number of
officers provided for in this act shall continue only during the exist-

592 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ence of the present rebellion; and thereafter the several officers pro-
moted under this act shall have the respective rank they would have
had if this act had not passed, and the number shall be reduced by the
President to the number authorized by law prior to the passage of
this act.

April 19, 1864 {13-50). The Secretary of War was authorized to take and hold all
the lands and shores of the island of Rock Island, Illinois, to be kept as a military
reservation. (Note to July 11, 1862, 12-537.)

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 21. That the Ordnance Department of the Army shall consist
of the same number of officers and enlisted men as now authorized by
law, and the officers shall be of the following grades, viz: One briga-
dier-general, three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors,
twenty captains, sixteen first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants,
with the same pay and emoluments as now provided by law; and thir-
teen ordnance storekeepers, of whom a number not exceeding six may
be appointed and authorized to act as paymasters at armories and
arsenals. The ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at the national
armory at Springfield shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of
a major of cavalry, and all other ordnance storekeepers shall have the
rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry, and two-thirds
of the . . . ordnance storekeepers to be appointed under this
. . . section of this act shall be selected from volunteer officers
or soldiers who have performed meritorious service in the Army of
the United States during the late rebellion.

* * *

Sec. 23. That the . . . Chief of Ordnance shall hereafter be
appointed b} r selection from the corps to which they belong.

Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., J&2).

AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of
the United States, and for other purposes.

* * *

March 2, 1867 {14-487). Section 3 authorizes a board of six officers (three from the
Army) to determine by practical tests what increase of strength or variation of form
is necessary to enable our best stone forts to resist the heaviest guns.

March 2, 1867 {14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the
Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

March 24, 1868 {15-250). Captured ordnance and implements maybe issued to
the several national asylums for the purpose of firing salutes; also such small arms
and equipments as may be necessary for guard duty.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 593

Resolution of July 20, 1868 (15 Stats., 259).

JOINT RESOLUTION directing the Secretary of War to sell damaged or unservice-
able arms, ordnance, and ordnance stores.

That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and
directed to cause to be sold, after offer at public sale on thirty days'
notice, in such manner and at such times and places, at public or pri-
vate sale, as he may deem most advantageous to the public interest,
the old cannon, arms, and other ordnance stores now in possession
of the War Department which are damaged or otherwise unsuitable
for the United States military service, or for the militia of the United
States, and to cause the net proceeds of such sales, after paying all
proper expenses of sale and transportation to the place of sale, to be
deposited in the Treasury of the United States.

July 25, 1868 (15-187). Sale of St. Louis Arsenal authorized.

Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes.

* *

Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions ... in the Ordnance Depart-
ment. . . .

* * *

May 4, 1870 (16-378). Authorizes issues of arms, etc., to certain colleges and
universities.

February 2, 1871 (16-593). Bergen Heights Arsenal to be sold.

May 15, 1872. This act establishes rates of pay of enlisted men of the corps from
and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S. )

Stay 21, 1872 (17-188). One thousand rifled muskets and 200,000 cartridges to be
issued to the governor of Montana for distribution among settlers of the Gallatin Val-
ley and other exposed localities.

Act of June 6, 1872 (17 Stats., 258).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That this appropriation [for experiments and
tests of heavy-rifled ordnance] shall be applied to at least three models
of heavy ordnance, to be designated by a board of officers to be
appointed by the Secretary of War, which report shall include both
classes, breech and muzzle loading cannon, and the powder and pro-
jectiles necessary for testing the same shall be supplied from stores on
hand.

For constructing and testing Moffat's breech -loading field pieces,
. . . ; and for testing . lames Crocket's graduating and accelerating
cartridge, and for experimenting with patent metallic cartridge of
Willis E. Moore, and other improvements in ammunition, . . .

* * V.'

. . . Provided, That no part of this appropriation [manufacture

of arms] shall be expended until B to -Ii-loading system for muskets

and carbines shall have been adopted for the military service upon the

S. Doc. 229 38

594 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

recommendation of the board to be appointed by the Secretary of War,
which board shall consist of not less than five officers, as follows: One
general officer, one ordnance officer, and three officers of the line, one
to be taken from the cavalry, one from the infantry, and one from the
artillery: And provided further, That the system when so adopted,
shall be the only one to be used by the Ordnance Department in the
manufacture of muskets and carbines for the military service; and no
royalty shall be paid by the Government of the United States for the
use of said patent to any of its officers or employees, or for any patent
in which said officers or employees may be directly or indirectly

interested.

* * *

June 10, 1872 (17-380). Orders sale of the Rome, Champlain, North Carolina,
Mount Vernon, and Apalachicola arsenals.

March 3, 1873 (17-543) . Provides for experiments and testa of two Gatling guns
of large caliber for flank defenses of fortifications, recommended for trial; also of any
other systems for utilizing and improving the cast-iron guns now in service.

Act of June 16, 187 J,, (18 Stats., 70).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That no part of this sum shall be expended at
said armories [national] in the perfection of patentable inventions in
the manufacture of arms by officers of the Army otherwise compen-
sated for their services to the United States.

* * *

June 22, 1874 (18-200). Authorizes sale of obsolete ammunition, balls, and surplus
of pig lead.

Act of June 23, 1874. (18 Stats., %U)-

AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army.

* * *

Sec. 5. That the Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of
Ordnance, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general;
three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty captains,
sixteen first lieutenants; and all vacancies which may hereafter exist
in the grade of first lieutenant in said department shall be filled by
transfer from the line of the Army: Provided, That no appointment
or promotion in said department shall hereafter be made until the
officer or person so appointed or promoted shall have passed a satis-
factory examination before a board of ordnance officers senior to
himself.

Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or
mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing
the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff.

Sec. 7. That as vacancies shall occur in any of the grades of the
Ordnance . . . departments, no appointments shall be made to
fill the same until the numbers in such grade shall be reduced to the
numbers which are fixed for permanent appointments by the pro-
visions of this act, and thereafter the number of permanent officers in
said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers, and all

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 595

other grades in said Ordnance . . . departments than those author-
ized by the provisions of this act shall cease to exist as soon as the
same shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise; and no
appointment or promotion shall hereafter be made to fill any vacancy
which may occur therein.

Sec. 8/That so much of section six of an act entitled u An act
making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur-
poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as
applies to the Ordnance . . . departments of the Army be, and
the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That this section repealing
said section shall not apply to any of the grades of the Ordnance
. . . departments which are omitted or abolished by the provisions
of this act.

March 3, 1875 (18-375). Report to be made how many of the arsenals east of the
Mississippi River can be sold without injury to the service; an officer of ordnance to
be detailed as member of a "board to conduct experiments in testing iron and steel.

March 3, 1875 (18-452) . None of the money appropriated by this act for the ord-
nance service shall be expended for the construction or repair of buildings. No
money to be expended hereafter at national armories in the perfection of patentable
inventions, by officers of the Army, in the manufacture of arms.

March 3, 1875 (18-510). Authorizes sale of the Detroit Arsenal.

April 11, 1876 (19-32). Authorizes sale of arsenal at Stonington, Conn.

June 20, 1876 (19-59). Authorizes sale of all obsolete and condemned projectiles
for heavy ordnance.

July 3, 1876 (19-214). Superseded arms to be issued to Territories and border
States for protection of citizens; amended by joint resolution of March 3, 1877
(19-410), by adding "not to exceed 50 ball cartridges for each arm."

August 15, 1876 ( 19-206). State of Kansas to be credited for certain ordnance stores
charged to it, but used by Government officials and never turned over to the State.

May 16, 1878 (20-61) . Quota of States not to be diminished by the provision of
joint resolution of July 3, 1876 (19-214).

June 7, 1878 (20-252). Additional arms to be issued to Territories for protection
of their citizens.

REVISED STATUTES, 2ND EDITION, 1878.

* * *

Sec, 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

* * *

An Ordnance Department.

The enlisted men of the Ordnance Department.

* * *
A[n] ordnance sergeant . . . for each military post.

* * *

Sec. 1109. There shall be an ordnance sergeant for each military
post, whose dut}' it shall be to take care of the ordnance, arms, ammu-
nition, and other military stores at such post, under the direction of
the commanding officer, and according to regulations prescribed by
the Secretary of War.

Sec. 1110. Ordnance sergeants shall be selected by the Secretary of
War from the sergeants of the line who shall have served faithfully
for eight years, including four years in the grade of noncommissioned
officer, and shall be assigned to their stations by him.

596 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 1159. The Ordnance Department of the Army shall consist of
one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank of brigadier-general, three
colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty- captains, sixteen
first lieutenants, ten second lieutenants, and thirteen ordnance store-
keepers. The ordnance storekeeper at Springfield Armory shall have
the rank of major of cavalry; all other ordnance storekeepers shall
have the rank of captain of cavalry.

Sec. 1160. No officer of the Army shall be commissioned as an ord-
nance officer until he shall have been examined and approved by a
board of not less than three ordnance officers, senior to him in rank.
If an officer of the Army fail on such examination he shall be suspended
from appointment for one year, when he may be reexamined before a
like board. In case of failure on such reexamination, he shall not be
commissioned as an ordnance officer.

Sec. 1161. Any number, not exceeding six, of the ordnance store-
keepers may be authorized to act as paymasters at armories and
arsenals.

Sec. 1162. The Chief of Ordnance may enlist as many sergeants of
ordnance, corporals of ordnance, and first and second class privates of
ordnance as the Secretary of War may direct. Master armorers, mas-
ter carriage makers, and master blacksmiths shall be designated and
mustered as sergeants; armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths
shall be designated and mustered as corporals; artificers shall be desig-
nated and mustered as privates of the first class, and laborers as privates
of the second class.

Sec. 1163. The Chief of Ordnance, subject to the approval of the
Secretary of War, shall organize and detail to regiments, corps, or
garrisons such numbers of ordnance enlisted men, furnished with
proper tools, carriages, and apparatus, as may be necessary, and shall
make regulations for their government.

Sec. 1164. It shall be the dut}^ of the Chief of Ordnance to furnish
estimates, and, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to make
contracts and purchases for procuring the necessary supplies of ord-
nance and ordnance stores for the use of the armies of the United
States; to direct the inspection and proving the same, and to direct
the construction of all cannon and carriages, ammunition wagons,
traveling forges, artificers' wagons, and of every implement and appa-
ratus for ordnance, and the preparation of all kinds of ammunition
and ordnance stores constructed or prepared for said service.

Sec. 1165. The Chief of Ordnance, under the direction of the Sec-
retary of Wai , may establish depots of ordnance and ordnance stores
in such parts of the United States, and in such numbers, as may be
deemed necessaiy.

Sec. 1166. The Chief of Ordnance, or the senior officer of the corps
for any district, shall execute all orders of the Secretary of War, and,
in time of war, the orders of any general or field officer commanding
an army, garrison, or detachment for the supply of all ordnance and
ordnance stores for garrison, field, or siege service.

Sec. 1167. The Chief of Ordnance shall, half yearly, or oftener if
so directed, make a report to the Secretary of War of all the officers,
artificers, and laborers in his department of the service, and of all
ordnance and ordnance stores under his control. Every officer of the
Ordnance Department, every ordnance storekeeper, every post ord-
nance sergeant, each keeper of magazines, arsenals, and armories,
every assistant and deputy of such, and all other officers, agent, or

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 597

persons who shall have received or maj T be entrusted with any stores
or supplies, shall quarterly, or oftener, if so directed, and in such
manner and on such forms as may be directed or prescribed by the
Chief of Ordnance, make true and correct returns to the Chief of Ord-
nance of all ordnance arms, ordnance stores, and all other supplies
and property of every kind received by or entrusted to them and each
of them, or which may in any manner come into their and each of
their possession or charge. The Chief of Ordnance, subject to the
approval of the Secretary of War, is hereby authorized and directed
to draw up and enforce in his; department a system of rules and regu-
lations for the government of the Ordnance Department, and of all
persons in said department, and for the safe-keeping and preservation
of all ordnance property of every kind, and to direct and prescribe the
time, number, and forms of all returns and reports, and to enforce
compliance therewith.

* * *

Sec. 1191. . . . all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the
duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the
United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faith-
fully to account for all public moneys and property which they may
receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so pre-
scribed. . . .

* * *

Sec. 1193. The . . . Chief of Ordnance . . . shall be
appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong.

Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new
appointments and no promotions in the . . . Ordnance . . .

departments.

* * *

Sec. 1207. When any lieutenant of the . . . Ordnance Corps
has served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, he shall
be promoted to the rank of captain, on passing the examination pro-
vided by the preceding section, but such promotion shall not authorize
an appointment to till any vacancy when such appointment would
increase the whole number of officers in the corps beyond the number
fixed by law; nor shall any officer be promoted before officers of the
same grade who rank him in his corps.

Sec. 1208. When promotions in the Ordnance Department of the
Army are allowed by law, no officer of the corps below the rank of
field officer shall be promoted to a higher grade until he shall have
been examined and approved by a board of not less than three ord-
nance officers senior to him' in rank. If an ordnance officer fail on
such examination, he shall be suspended from promotion for one year,
when he shall be reexamined before a like board. In case of failure
on such reexamination, he shall be dismissed from the service.

* * *

Sec. 1220. Every officer commanding a regiment, corps, garrison,
or detachment shall make, once every two months, or oftener if so
directed, a report to the Chief of Ordnance, stating all damages to
iinns, equipments, and implements belonging to his command, noting
those occasioned by negligence or abuse, and naming the officer or sol-
dier by whose negligence or abuse the said damages were occasioned.

598 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores
which, upon proper inspection and survey, appear to be damaged or
unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be
made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales
shall be made under the regulations prescribed by him.

* * *

Sec. 1279. . . . The principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau
shall receive a compensation, including pay and emoluments, not
exceeding that of a major of ordnance.

Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the
Army shall, during their first term of enlistment, be as follows, with
the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided:

* * *

Ordnance sergeants of posts, thirty-four dollars.

* * *

Sergeants of . . . ordnance, thirty-four dollars.
Corporals of . . . ordnance, twenty dollars.

* * *

Privates (first class) of . . . ordnance, seventeen dollars.
Privates (second class) of . . . ordnance, thirteen dollars.

* * *

Section 1281 adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth year of first
enlistment, and section 1282 fixes pay of men reenlisting at rate of third year of first
term.

* * *

Sec. 1293. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance shall be entitled to
receive one ration and a half daily. Other enlisted men shall be enti-
tled to receive one ration daily.

* * *

Sec. 1297. No allowance of clothing shall be made to sergeants of

ordnance.

* * *

Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any articles of military supplies or of damage to
such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged
against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was
not occasioned by any fault on his part.

* * *

Sec. 1662. At each arsenal there shall be established a national
armory, in which there shall be employed one superintendent, who
shall be an officer of the Ordna,nce Department, to be designated by
the President; one master armorer, who shall be appointed by the
President, and as many workmen as the Secretary of War may from
time to time deem necessary.

Sec. 1663. The ordnance officer in charge of any national armory
shall receive no compensation other than his regular pay as an officer
of the corps; the master armorers shall receive fifteen hundred dollars
per annum each; the inspectors and clerks each eight hundred dollars
per annum, except the clerks of the armory at Springfield, Massa-
chusetts, who may receive, at the discretion of the Secretary of War,
twelve hundred dollars per annum.

Sec. 1664. The several compensations fixed by the preceding section
for master armorers and inspectors shall be paid quarter yearly. All
military storekeepers and paymasters shall give bond and security for

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 599

the faithful discharge of their duties, in such sums as may be prescribed
by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 1665. An annual account of the expenses of the national
armories shall be laid before Congress, together with an account of
the arms made and repaired therein.

Sec. 1666. The Secretary of War is authorized to abolish such of
the arsenals of the United States as, in his judgment, may be useless

or unnecessary.

* * *

Sec. 1672. The breech-loading system for muskets and carbines adopted by the
Secretary of War, known as "the Springfield breech-loading system," is the only
system to be used by the Ordnance Department in the manufacture of muskets and
carbines for the military service.

Sec. 1673. No royalty shall be paid by the United States to any one of its officers
or employees for the use of any patent for the system, or any part thereof, mentioned
in the preceding section, nor for any such patent in which said officers or employees
may be directly or indirectly interested.

* * *

Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States
which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

* * *

Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction
of the chief officers of the Department of War. . . . And all
agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render
their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart-
ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject, never-
theless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury.

* * *

Sec. 3T32. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States
shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an
appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . .

* * *

Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers, appointed by him to make con-
tracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits
of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

* *

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 23, 1878(20 Stats., 31).

AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and for other works of defence, and
for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun-
dred and seventy-nine, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That the money herein appropriated for torpe-
does shall only be used in the establishment and maintenance of tor-
pedoes to be operated from shore stations for the destruction of an
enemy's vessel approaching the shore or entering the channel and fair-
ways of harbors.

June 23, 1879 {21-30). None of the money appropriated for the ordnance service
shall be expended for any use not strictly connected with the military service of the
Government, this restriction to apply to the use of public animals, forage, and
vehicles.

600 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY.

December 19, 1879 {21-299). Authorizes lease of buildings, etc., of the Charleston
Arsenal.

January 7, 1881 (21-314)- Authorizes purchase of land to enlarge the San Antonio
Arsenal.

March 3, 1881 (21-468). Two ordnance officers to be detailed as members of a board
to examine all inventions of heavy ordnance and improvements of heavy ordnance
and projectiles that may be presented to it.

Secretary of War authorized to exchange the unserviceable and unsuitable powder
and shot on hand for new powder and projectiles, or to sell the same and purchase
similar articles with the proceeds of the sales.

Act of May 1, 1882 (22 Stats., 52),
AN ACT to authorize the appointment of an ordnance storekeeper in the Army.

That the President is hereby authorized to nominate and, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an ordnance store-
keeper in the Ordnance Department of the Army, and all laws incon-
sistent therewith are hereby suspended for the purposes of this act
only: Provided, That prior to his appointment he shall have passed a
satisfactory examination before a board of ordnance officers.

May 19, 1882 (22-93). Tw T o heavy guns and four mortars may be issued, on the
requisition of the governor of a State bordering on the sea and Gulf coast, and a
suitable battery for these cannon to be constructed, for instruction and practice of
the militia in heavy artillery drill: Provided, The State has a permanent camping
ground for the encampment of the militia not less than six days annually.

Act of June 30, 1882 (22 Stats., 117).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

United States testing machine. . . . And provided further,
That in making tests for private citizens the officer in charge may
require pajmient in advance, and may use the funds so received in
making such private tests, making full report thereof to the Chief of
Ordnance; and the Chief of Ordnance shall give attention to such pro-
gramme of tests as may be submitted by the American Society of Civil
Engineers; and the records of such tests shall be furnished said society,
to be by them published at their own expense.

* * *

August 5, 1882 (22-299) . Master armorer at the Springfield Armory to perform
the duties of master machinist and his pay increased $1,000 per annum.

Act of Juby 5, I884. (23 Stats., 158).

AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and
for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun-
dred and eighty-five, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 2. That hereafter all rifled cannon of any particular material,
caliber, or kind made at the cost of the United States shall be publicly
subjected to the proper test, including such rapid firing as a like gun
would be likely to be subjected to in actual battle, for the determination
of the endurance of the same to the satisfaction of the President of the
United States or such persons as he may select; and he is hereby author-
ized to select not to exceed five persons, who shall be skilled in such

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 601

matters; and if such guns shall not prove satisfactory they shall not be
put to use in the Government service.

Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War . . . are hereby authorized
to sell to projectors of methods of conversion, for experimental pur-
poses only, any smooth-bore cannon on hand required by them, at prices
which shall not be less than have been received from auction sales for
such articles, and deliver the same, at the cost of the Government, at
the nearest convenient place for shipment or public transportation, the
cost of deliver}^ to be deducted from the proceeds of sales, and the bal-
ance to be covered into the Treasury of the United States.

Act of March 3, 1885 (23 Stats., 434).

And the President of the United States shall appoint a board, of
which the Secretary of War shall be a member and president, to be
composed of . . . two [officers] from the Ordnance Corps, . . .
which board shall examine and report at what ports fortifications or
other defences are most urgently required, the character and kind of
defences best adapted for each, with reference to armament, the utili-
zation of torpedoes, mines, or other defensive appliances. . . .

For the armament of seacoast fortifications, including the manufac-
ture of heavy guns and carriages; for the constructing and testing
experimental gun carriages; for the purchase and manufacture of a
multi-charge gun and testing same; for projectiles, gun loaders, fuses,
powder, and implements, their trial and proof. . . . And not
exceeding fifteen thousand dollars thereof may be used for the expenses
of experiments in the use of dynamite or other high-explosive pro-
jectiles.

And no type of gun shall be purchased until thoroughly tested and
found to conform to the requirements of this act.

Act of May 1, 1888 (25 Stats., 107).

AN ACT to authorize the construction of an arsenal for the repair, storage, and dis-
tribution ot ordnance and ordnance stores for the use of the Government of the
United States-at Columbia, Tennessee.

[Appropriates $200,000] ; and the construction and control of said
arsenal shall be under the direction of the Secretary of War: l^ovided,
That without cost to the United States a sufficient quantity of land
accepted as suitable and adequate for such arsenal by the Secretary of
War, and not less than fifty acres, is conveyed in fee to the United
States. . . .

602 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 481).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided further, That the cost to the Ordnance Department
of all ordnance and ordnance stores issued to the States, Territories,
and District of Columbia, under the act of February twelfth, eighteen
hundred and eighty-seven, shall be credited to the appropriation for
"manufacture of arms at national armories." . . .

March 2, 1889 {25-825). Board of Ordnance and Fortification to examine and
report upon a site or sites for ordnance testing and proving ground. Makes an appro-
priation for the construction of a counterpoise battery to mount a seacoast rifle gun,
to be located at point selected by the Board of Ordnance and Fortification and
erected by the inventor under the general direction of the Board ; gun to be mounted
thereon, with its fittings, to be furnished by the Ordnance Department of the Navy.

August 18, 1890 (26-S15). Board of three officers, one of engineers, one of artillery,
and one of ordnance, not below rank of lieutenant-colonel, to inquire into the facili-
ties for producing steel forgings for high-power guns at or near the Pacific coast, in
the vicinity of the Rock Island Arsenal, the Indianapolis Arsenal, and at some point
on or near the Gulf coast; also as to the advisability of erecting at those points gun
factories for finishing and assembling high-power guns.

Secretary of War authorized to contract for twenty-five 8-inch, fifty 10-inch, and
twenty-five 12-inch breech-loading single-charge steel guns.

Last paragraph of act of March 2, 1889 (25-825), amended to authorize the use of
a 6-inch breech-loading cannon of new pattern in the test of the counterpoise battery.

Act of -September 22, 1888 {25 Stats., 489).

AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the
armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service,
and for other purposes.

That the appropriations hereinafter provided for shall be available
until expended and shall be expended under the direct supervision of
a board to consist of the Commanding General of the Army, an officer
of engineers, an officer of ordnance, and an officer of artillery, to be
selected by the Secretary of War, to be called and known as the Board
of Ordnance and Fortifications. . . .

* -X- *

Sec. 4. For the erection, purchase, or manufacture of the necessary
buildings and other structures, machinery, tools, and fixtures for an
army gun factory for finishing and assembling heavy ordnance, to be
erected at the Watervliet Arsenal, West Troy, New York, seven hun-
dred thousand dollars: Provided, That not exceeding twenty thousand
dollars of this sum may be used for the erection and completion of two
sets of officers' quarters.

Act of July 16, 1892 1 (27 Stats., 174).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety -three, and for other purposes.

* * *

ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

* * *

. . . Provided, That if the Secretary of War shall, upon the
report of the small-arms board now in session, adopt a new rifle or

1 Sergeants of ordnance to receive the same allowance of clothing as other sergeants
in like staff departments.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 603

system for rifles for the militaiy service, or for trial with a view to
such adoption, then this appropriation [$400,000] for manufacture of
arms at the national armories shall be available for the procurement
of such arms: Prodded further, That purchases may be made in open
market, in the manner common among business men, when the aggre-
gate of the purchase does not exceed two hundred dollars. . . .

* * *

July 23, 1892 (27-257). Authorizes the appointment of a board of army and naval
officers to report what, in their opinion, is the most available site on the Pacific coast
or on the rivers and waters thereof, for the erection of a plant for finishing and assem-
bling the parts of heavy guns and other ordnance for the use of the Army and Navy.

Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276).

AN ACT amending the act of October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled
"An act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to
regulate promotions therein."

* * *

Sec. 2. That the examination of officers of the . . . Ordnance
Department who were officers or enlisted men in the regular or vol-
unteer service, either in the Army, Navy, or the Marine Corps, during
the war of the rebellion, shall be conducted by boards composed in the
same manner as for the examination of other officers of their respective
corps and department; and the examination shall embrace the same
subjects prescribed for all other officers of similar grades in the . . .
Ordnance Departmant, respectively.

July 27, 1892 (27-276). Specimens of arms, projectiles, etc., used in the battle of
Gettysburg to be delivered to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association.

February 27, 1893 (27-478). No part of appropriation for the manufacture of arms
at the national armories shall be expended for the manufacture of magazine rifles of
foreign invention until the examination of similar arms of American invention pre-
sented within the next thirty days shall have been tested.

Act of March 29, 1894, {%$ Stats., 47).
AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government.

That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury
Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of
officers or agents, . . . the Chief of Ordnance, . . . shall
certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department,
for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or
agent intrusted witn public property arising from any loss, accruing
by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him.

* * *

August 6, 1894 (28-238). Appropriation in this act for manufacture of arms appli-
cable to the manufacture of the magazine arm recommended by the board. Pur-
chases not exceeding $200 may be made in open market.

March 2, 1895 (28-764). Abolishes section 229, Revised Statutes, requiring annual
statement of contracts for supplies and services.

Act of June 6, 1896 (29 Stats., 256).

AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the
armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service,
and for other purposes.

* * *

Arrna/ment and fortifications : . . . And the ordnance storekeeper
now on duty in Washington as disbursing officer and assistant to the

604 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Chief of Ordnance, United States Army, shall hereafter have the rank

of major.

* * *

June 11, 1896 (29-413) . No patented impact testing machine to be erected at the
Watertown Arsenal, Mass., unless the patentee shall first authorize its use by the Gov-
ernment without compensation.

March 3, 1897 (29-641) . No contract for oil-tempered and annealed steel for high-
power coast-defense guns and mortars to be made at a price exceeding 23 cents per
pound.

Resolution of April 1, 1898 (30 Stats., 737).

JOINT RESOLUTION providing for the temporary admission free of duty of naval
and military supplies procured abroad.

That such guns, ammunition, and other . . . militar} 7 supplies
as may be purchased abroad by this Government for the national
defense prior to January fifth, eighteen hundred and ninet}^-nine, shall
be admitted at any port of entry in the United States free of duty.

May 7, 1898 (30-400). Part of appropriation for the armament of fortifications may
be used for the purchase of material for steel- wire seacoast guns.

May 18, 1898 (80-419). Arms, ammunition, etc., may be issued to the Cuban
people.

June 7, 1898 (30-433). Authorizes the Bureau of Ordnance to purchase or make
contracts for such ordnance an'l ordnance stores as are needed for immediate use.
The act of March 3, 1899 (30-1350) imits above authority to March 1, 1900. Again
extended to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900 (31).

Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 433).

AN ACT to suspend the operations of certain provisions of law relating to the War
Department, and for other purposes.

* * *

That during the existing war the Bureau of Ordnance of the War
Department is authorized to purchase without advertisement such ord-
nance and ordnance stores as are needed for immediate use, and when
such ordnance and ordnance stores are to be manufactured, then to
make contracts without advertisement for such stores, to be delivered
as rapidly as manufactured.

Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 720).
AN ACT to increase the force of the Ordnance Department.

That section five of an act entitled "An act organizing the several
staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hun-
dred and seventy-four, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to
read as follows:

"Sec. 5. The Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of
Ordnance, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general;
four colonels, five lieutenant-colonels, twelve majors, twenty-four
captains, and twenty first lieutenants.

"A chief ordnance officer may be assigned to the staff of an army or
a corps commander, and while so assigned shall have the rank, pay,
and allowance of a lieutenant-colonel. A chief ordnance officer may
be assigned to the staff of a division commander, and while so assigned
shall have the rank, pay, and allowances of a major."

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 605

Act of March 0, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of ... an Ordnance Department.
. . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death,
retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of store-
keeper in the . . . Ordnance Department . . . now provided
by law, said office shall cease to exist.

* * *

Sec. 7. That the . . . Ordnance Department . . . shall
consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law. . . .

Act of March 3, 1899 l (30 Stats., 1064).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Regular and Volunteer Army
for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred.

* * *

Ordnance, ordnance stores, and supplies: . . . Provided, The
Chief of Ordnance is authorized to issue such obsolete or condemned
ordnance, gun carriages, and ordnance stores as may be needed for
ornamental purposes to the Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers,
the Homes to pay for transportation and such other expenses as are

necessary.

* * *

March 3, 1899 (30-1350). Until March 1, 1900, Bureau of Ordnance may make
purchases and contracts without advertisement; suspends provisions of law relative
to payment of employees.

February 24, 1900 (31- ). Provisions of act of March 3, 1899, extended until
June 30, 1 901 ; war material may be purchased abroad and admitted free of duty.

May 26, 1900 (31- ). Authorizes issue of obsolete or condemned ordnance gun
carriages and ordnance stores to Homes for Disabled Volunteers for ornamental our-
poses, the Homes to pay transportation.

Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the ipproval of this act the Army of the United
States . . . shall consist of . . . an Ordnance Department
. . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death,
retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of
.storekeeper, now provided for by law in the . . . Ordnance
Department . . . said office shall cease to exist.
* * *

Sec. 23. That the Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief
of Ordnance with the rank of brigadier-general, four colonels, six
lieutenant-colonels, twelve majors, twenty-four captains, and twenty-

1 Authorizes replacement of the ordnance and ordnance stores which volunteers
carried into the service of the United States during the war with Spain and which
have been retained by the Government.

606 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

four first lieutenants, the ordnance storekeeper, and the enlisted men,
including ordnance sergeants, as now authorized by law. All vacancies
created or caused by this section shall, as far as possible, be filled by
promotion according to seniority as now prescribed by law.

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma-
nent appointments in the . . . Ordnance Department, . . .
including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain
and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen,
twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted
according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law,
and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies
which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the
officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any
vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall
occur which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section
it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more
permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps
after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled.
Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies
exist, under such system of examination as the President may from
time to time prescribe.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff
corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at
large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office
for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments the chief of such staff corps or
department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 607

Act of March 8, 1901 {31 Stats., ).

AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two.
* * *

Provided, That no part of the appropriations made for the Ordnance
Department shall be used in payment of freight charges on ordnance or
ordnance stores issued by said department.

XI THE SIGNAL CORPS.

S. Doc. 229 39 609

THE SIGNAL CORPS.

The Signal Corps owes its origin to Maj. Albert J. Myer, who
entered the Army in 1854 as an assistant surgeon, and whose active
interest in sign language was manifested by its development, in 1856,
into a system of signal communication which, attracting at tirst little
or no attention, was two years later submitted to a military board con-
vened for its consideration. It was not, however, until June 21, 1860,
that Congress authorized the addition to the staff of the Army of one
signal officer, with the rank and pay of a major of cavalry. The
"Signal Corps" was organized by the act of March 3, 1863.

June 27, I860. Maj. Albert J. Myer (New York), Signal Officer.

Mar. 3, 1863. Col. Albert J. Myer (New York), Chief Signal Officer.

Dec. 3, 1864. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen.) Benjamin F. Fisher (Pennsylvania).

July 28, 1866. Col. (Brig. Gen., June 16, 1880) Albert J. Myer (New York).

Dec. 15, 1880. Brig. Gen. William B. Hazen (Ohio).

Mar. 3, 1887. Brig. Gen. Adolphus W. Greely (Louisiana).

Xotk. Colonel Myer was relieved from the command of the Corps November 10,
1863, and ordered to the Mississippi. He turned over the Bureau to Lieut. Col.
William J. L. Nicodemus (Maryland) .

611

THE SIGNAL CORPS.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of June 21, 1860 (12 Stats., 64).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the
thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.

. . . That there be added to the staff of the Army one signal
officer, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry, who
shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, of
all signal duty and of all books, papers, and apparatus connected

therewith.

* - * *

February 22, 1862 (12-844)- Officers detailed as signal officers to receive, during
such service, pay, etc. , of cavalry officers of their respective grades.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 7U)-

* * *

Sec. 17. That the Signal Corps of the Army shall, during the pres-
ent rebellion, be organized as follows: There shall be one Chief Signal
Officer, a colonel, who shall be Signal Officer of the Army; one lieuten-
ant-colonel; two majors, who shall be inspectors; and for each army
corps or military department there shall be one captain and as many
lieutenants, not exceeding eight, as the President may deem necessary,
to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, who shall receive the pay and emoluments of cavalry
officers of similar grades; and for each officer of the Signal Corps there
may be enlisted or detailed one sergeant and six privates, who shall
receive the pay of similar grades of engineer soldiers: Provided, That
no officer or enlisted man snail be allowed to serve in the Signal Corps
until he shall have been examined and approved by a military board,
to be convened for that purpose by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 18. That the officers and enlisted men herein provided for
shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War. They may be
mounted upon horses, the property of the United States, and shall
serve in any militarv department or with any forces to which they

613

614 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

may be ordered. And officers of the Army who may be appointed in
this corps may, after the rebellion, be restored to their respective
regiments or corps and receive the same rank and promotion as if
they had continued to serve therein.

Sec. 19. That ... in selecting officers and men for the organ-
ization of the Signal Corps, as herein provided, preference shall be
given to such as have served faithfully or as are now serving in the
acting Signal Corps of the Army.

Sec. 20. That, in order to allow time for their thorough examina-
tion, the President may appoint the officers authorized by this act
during the recess of Congress, which appointments shall be submitted
to the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).
AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

Sec. 22. That there shall be one Chief Signal Officer of the Army,
who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry,
and the Secretary of War have power to detail six officers and not to
exceed one hundred noncommissioned officers and privates from the
Battalion of Engineers for the performance of signal duty; but no offi-
cer or enlisted man shall be so detailed until he shall have been exam-
ined and approved by a military board, to be convened by the Secretary
of War for that purpose; and enlisted men, while so detailed, shall,
when deemed necessary, be mounted upon horses provided by the
Government.

X- * *

February 18, 1867 (14-895). The officers and men of the Signal Corps who per-
formed duty on the fleet under Admiral Farragut in the action in Mobile Bay,
August 5, 1864, to receive such sums, as prize money, as will be equal to what has
been allowed to officers and sailors of the Navy of corresponding rank.

Resolution of February 9, 1870 (16 Stats., 369).

That the Secretary of War be, and he hereby is, authorized and
required to provide for taking meteorological observations at the mili-
tary stations in the interior of the continent and at other points in the
States and Territories of the United States, and for giving notice on
the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and
marine signals, of the approach and force of storms.

Act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stats., 34.7).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for
other purposes.

* * *

. . . That the Secretary of War be, and he hereby is, authorized
and required to jprovide, in the system of observations and reports in
charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, for such stations,
reports, and signals as may be found necessary for the benefit of
agricultural and commercial interests. . . .

THE SIGNAL CORPS. 615

' Act of March 3, 1873 {17 Stats., 510).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-foUr, and for
other purposes.

* * *

. . . That the Secretary of War be, and hereby is, authorized to
establish signal stations at light-houses at such of the life-saving sta-
tions on the lake or sea coasts as may be suitably located for that pur-
pose, and to connect the same with such points as may be necessary
for the proper discharge of the signal service by means of a suitable
telegraph line in cases where no telegraph lines are in operation, to be
constructed, maintained, and worked under the direction of the Chief
Signal Officer of the Army or the Secretary of War and the Secre-
tary of the Treasury; and the use of the life-saving stations as signal
stations shall be subject to such regulations as may be agreed upon by
said officials. . . .

* * *

. . . That the Chief Signal Officer may cause to be sold any sur-
plus maps or publications of the Signal Office, the money received
therefor to be applied towards defraying the expenses of the Signal
Service, an account of the same to be rendered in each annual report
of the Chief of the Signal Service.

Act of March 3, 1875 {18 Stats., 371).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for
other purposes.

* * x-

. . . And a full report of the receipts and expenditures in con-
nection with the said telegraph lines [on the Indian and Mexican fron-
tiers and for the connection of military posts and stations, for the
better protection of immigration and the frontier settlements from
depredations, especially in the State of Texas, the Territories of New
Mexico, Arizona, and the Indian Territory] shall be made quarterly to
the Secretary of War through the Chief Signal Officer. And the Chief
Signal Officer shall have the charge and control of said lines of tele-
graph in the construction, repair, and operation of the same. . . .

Act of July U, 1876 {19 Stats., 97).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes.

. . . Nothing, however, in this act shall be construed to prevent
enlistments for the Signal Service, which shall hereafter be maintained
as now organized, and as provided by law with a force of enlisted men
not exceeding four hundred after present terms of enlistment have
expired.

616 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
REVISED STATUTES, 2ND EDITION, 1878.

Sec. 221. The Secretary of War shall provide for taking meteoro-
logical observations at the military stations in the interior of the con-
tinent and at other points in the States and Territories, and for giving
notice on the northern lakes and seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and
marine signals, of the approach and force of storms.

Sec. 222. The Secretary of War shall provide, in the system of
observations and reports in charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the
Arnry, for such stations, reports, and signals as may be found necessary
for the benefit of agriculture and commerce.

Sec. 223. The Secretary of War is authorized to establish signal
stations at light-houses and at such of the life-saving stations on the
lake or sea coast as may be suitably located for that purpose, and to
connect the same with such points as may be necessary for the proper
discharge of the signal service by means of a suitable telegraph line
in cases where no lines are in operation, to be constructed, maintained,
and worked under the direction of the Chief Signal Officer of the
Army or the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury;
and the use of the life-saving stations as signal stations shall be subject
to such regulations as may be agreed upon bj r said officials.
* * *

Sec. 227. The Chief Signal Officer may cause to be sold any surplus
maps or publications of the Signal Office, the money received therefor
to be applied toward defraying the expenses of the Signal Service, and
an account of the same shall be rendered in each annual report of the
Chief of the Signal Service.

* * *

Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of

A Chief Signal Officer.

* * *

Sec. 1195. There shall be one Chief Signal Officer, with the rank of
colonel of cavalry, who shall have charge, under the direction of the
Secretary of War, of all signal duty, and of all books, papers, and
apparatus connected therewith.

Sec. 1196. The Secretary of War may detail six officers from the
Corps of Engineers, and any number of noncommissioned officers and
privates, not exceeding one hundred, from the battalion of engineers,
for the performance of signal duty; but no officer or enlisted man
shall be so detailed until he shall have been examined and approved by
a military board convened by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 1197. Enlisted men detailed for signal duty shall, when it is
deemed necessary, be mounted on horses provided by the Government.

* * *

THE SIGNAL CORPS. 617

Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies, or of damage to
such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to he charged
against the responsible officer unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was
not occasioned by any fault on his part.

* * *

Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for
the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction
of the chief officers of the Department of War, . . . and all
agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render
their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart-
ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject,
nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the
Treasury. . . .

* * *

Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States
shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an
appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . .

* *

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of June 20, 1878 (20 Stats., 206).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy -nine, and for other
purposes.

* * *

SIGNAL SERVICE.

. . . And the enlisted force of the Signal Corps shall consist of
one hundred and fifty sergeants, thirty corporals, and two hundred
and seventy privates, who shall receive the pay of engineer soldiers of
similar grades; and two sergeants may, in each year, be appointed to
be second lieutenants: Provided, Signal Service men shall not receive
extra-duty pay unless specially directed by the Secretary of War.

* * *

. . . Provided, however, That private dispatches of lawful nature
ni.iy be transmitted over said lines [from Bismarck to Fort Ellis, via
the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, connecting Fort Buford, Fort
Keogh, and Fort Custer, and from Fort Sully to Fort Keogh, via
Deadwoodj whenever the same is not needed for public use, at rea-
sonable rates, not to exceed the usual rates charged by private tele-
graph companies, the proceeds thereof to be accounted for and paid
into the Treasury of trie United States; and the said telegraph line
shall be maintained and operated under such proper rules and orders
as the Secretary of War may direct for the benefit of the public
service.

618 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of June 16, 1880 {21 Stats., 259).

AN ACT making appropriations for the sundry civil expenses of the Government
for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and for
other purposes.

* * *

SIGNAL SERVICE.

* * *

. . . There shall be added to the Signal Corps fifty privates;
and from and after the passage of this act the Chief Signal Officer
shall have the rank and pay of a brigadier-general.

* * *

Act of August 7, 1882 (22 Stats., 302).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for
other purposes.

SIGNAL, SERVICE.

* * *

. . . Provided, That the work of no other department, bureau,
or commission authorized by law shall be duplicated by this Bureau:
Provided further, That nothing herein contained shall restrict the
performance of all duties of the Signal Service Bureau prescribed by

existing laws.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 603).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for
other purposes.

SIGNAL SERVICE.

* * *

. . . Provided, That on and after the first day of July, eighteen
hundred and eighty-three, all moneys received for the transmission
of private dispatches over any and all telegraph lines owned or oper-
ated by the United States snail be paid into the Treasury of the
United States, . . .

* * *

. . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion,
to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed ten com-
missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal
Corps authorized by law, and exclusive of officers detailed for Arctic
Sea service.

Resolutimi of June 11, 1884 (23 Stats., 274).

JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the President of the United States to appoint
from the sergeants of the Signal Corps two second lieutenants.

Y\ T hcroas the promotion of two sergeants of the Signal Corps to be
second lieutenants not having been made for the year ending June

THE SIGNAL CORPS. 619

thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, as authorized by law,
because of a pending question as to the construction thereof: There-
fore,

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of the
United States be, and h reby is, authorized to appoint from the ser-
geants of the Signal Corps the two second lieutenants for that year, to
rank from the date of appointment, the same as if the power to appoint
had not lapsed.

Act of July 7, 1884. (23 Stats., 19 %).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other

purposes.

* * *

SIGNAL, SERVICE.

* * *

. . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion,
to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed six commis- _^
sioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps Jt
authorized by law, and of the three officers serving in the Arctic Seas.
* * *

That a joint commission, consisting of three Senators to be appointed
by the President of the Senate, and three members of the House, to be*
appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall con-
sider the present organizations of the Signal Service, . . . with
the view to secure greater efficiency and economy of administration of
the public service in said bureaus; and said joint commission shall
report to their respective Houses on or before the third Monday in
December, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, their conclusions, by bill
or report.

Act of March 3, 1886 l (23 Stats., #78).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, and for other

purposes.

* * *

SIGNAL, SERVICE.

* * *

. . . Provided, That thereafter the work of no other department,
bureau, or commission authorized by law shall be duplicated by this
Bureau.

* * X-

. . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion,
to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed four com-
missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal
Corps authorized by law, and of the officers lately serving in the

Arctic seas.

* * *

1 This act also continued the joint commission created by act of July 7, 1884, and
required it to report to Congress on or before the third Monday in December, 1885.

620 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Act of August 4, 1886 ( Stats., 223).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty- seven, and for other

purposes.

* * *

SIGNAL SERVICE.

* * *

PAY.

. . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion,
to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed five com-
missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal
Corps authorized by law; and no money herein appropriated shall be
used for pay and allowances of second lieutenants appointed or to be
appointed from the sergeants of the Signal Corps under the provisions
of the act approved June twentieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-
eight, in excess of the number of sixteen, or for the pay and allowances
of exceeding four hundred and seventy enlisted men of the Signal
Corps; and in reducing the force the enlisted men at Fort Myer, Vir-
ginia, denoted the "permanent party," shall first be mustered out:
Provided, That this restriction shall not apply to the pay or commu-
tation or expense of return from their stations to their homes of any
enlisted men in excess of the four hundred and seventy men, accruing
prior to the passage of this act.

* * *

That no part of the appropriations made for the Signal Service by
this act shall be used for the maintenance or support of a school of
instruction nor of the military post at Fort Myer, Virginia. 1

* * *

February 17, 1887 (24-405). A military telegraph from Point Jupiter to Sanford,
on the eastern coast of Florida, to be constructed, maintained, and operated under
the direction and control of the Secretary of War, in connection with the establish-
ment of signal and display stations.

Act of March 3, 1887 {U Stats., 509).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, and for other
purposes.

* *

SIGNAL SERVICE.

* * *

And no money herein appropriated shall be used for pay and allow-
ances of second lieutenants appointed or to be appointed from the ser-
geants of the Signal Corps under the provisions of the act approved

1 Extra pay is granted to thirteen enlisted men of the Signal Corps at Fort Myer, Va.

THE SIGNAL CORPS. 621

June twentieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, in excess of the
number of sixteen, or for the pay and allowances of exceeding four
hundred and seventy enlisted men of the Signal Corps.

* * *

March 5, 1888 (25-44) Authorizes purchase of site in Washington for a building
for the use of the Signal Bureau.

Act of October 2, 1888 (25 Stats., 506).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other
purposes.

* * *

SIGNAL SERVICE.

, . . . Not exceeding seven hundred dollars may be used for the
rental of such cable and land wires as may, in the opinion of the Chief
Signal Officer, be necessary to secure connection between the Point
Reyes military telegraph line and the signal office in San Francisco,
California.

* * *

. . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion,
to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed five com-
missioned officers of the Regular Army, to be exclusive of the second
lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized bylaw; and the Regular
Army officers herein authorized to be detailed for the Signal Corps
shall receive their pay and allowances from the appropriation for the
support of the Army; and no money herein appropriated shall be used
for pay and allowances of second lieutenants appointed or to be
appointed from the sergeants of the Signal Corps under the provisions
of the act approved June twentieth, eighteen nundred and seventy-
eight, in excess of the number of fourteen, or for the pay and allow-
ances of exceeding three hundred and twenty enlisted men of the Signal

Corps.

* *

Act of October 12, 1888 (25 Stats., 552).

AN ACT to make enlisted men of the Signal Corps responsible for public property.

That from and after the passage of this act every officer of the
Signal Corps, every noncommissioned officer or private of the Signal
Corps, ana all other officers, agents, or persons who now have in
possession, or may hereafter receive, or may be intrusted with any
stores or supplies shall, quarterly, or more often if so directed, and in
such manner and on such forms as may be prescribed by the Chief
Signal Ofliccr, make true and correct returns to the Chief Signal Officer
of all Signal Service property and all other supplies and stores of every
kind received by or intrusted to them and each of them, or which may,
in any manner, come into their, and each of their, possession or charge.
The Chief Signal Officer, subject to the approval of the Secretary of
War, is hereby authorized and directed to draw up and enforce in his
Bureau a system of rules and regulations for the government of the
Signal Bureau, and of all persons in said Bureau, and for the safe-keep-

622 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

ing and preservation of all Signal Service property of every kind, and
to direct and prescribe the kind, number, and form of all returns and
reports, and to enforce compliance therewith.

March 2, 1889 {25-939). Authorizes detail of five officers of the Army for service in
the Signal Corps.

No part of the appropriation for signal service shall be used in payment of enlisted
men of the Signal Corps on clerical or messenger duty in the Signal Office, nor to pay
the expense of travel performed on strictly military duty.

August 30, 1890 (26-371). Officers and men of the Signal Corps may purchase sub-
sistence stores in same manner as other officers and men of the Army. (Sec. 1144,
R.S.)

September 26, 1890 (26-479 ) . Appropriation for restoring and maintaining telegraphic
communication between Tatoosh Island and Port Angeles, Cal., to be expended by
the Chief Signal Officer of the Army.

Act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stats., 653).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency and reduce the expenses of the Signal Corps of
the Army, and to transfer the weather service to the Department of Agriculture.

That the civilian duties now performed by the Signal Corps of the
Army shall hereafter devolve upon a bureau to be known as the W eather
Bureau, which, on and after July first, eighteen hundred and ninety-
one, shall be established in and attached to the Department of Agri-
culture, and the Signal Corps of the Army shall remain a part of the
military establishment under the direction of the Secretary of War, and
all estimates for its support shall be included with other estimates for
the support of the military establishment.

Sec. 2. That the Chief Signal Officer shall have charge, under the
direction of the Secretary of War, of all military signal duties, and of
books, papers, and devices connected therewith, including telegraph
and telephone apparatus and the necessary meteorological instruments
for use on target ranges and other military uses; the construction,
repair, and operation of military telegraph lines, and the duty of col-
lecting and transmitting information for the Army by telegraph or
otherwise, and all other duties usually pertaining to military signaling;
and the operations of said corps shall be confined to strictly military

matters.

* * *

Sec. 4. . . . Provided, That the chief signal officer of the Army
may, in the discretion of the President, be detailed to take charge of
said bureau, and in like manner other officers of the Army, not exceed-
ing four, expert in the duties of the weather service, may be assigned to
duty with the Weather Bureau, and while so serving shall receive the
pay and allowances to which they are entitled by" law.

Sec. 5. That the enlisted force of the Signal Corps, excepting those
hereinafter provided for, shall be honorably discharged from the
Army on June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, and such
portion of this entire force, including the civilian employees of the
Signal Service, as may be necessary for the proper performance of
the duties of the Weather Bureau shall, if tney so elect, be trans-
ferred to the Department of Agriculture, and the compensation of the
force so transferred shall continue as it shall be in the Signal Service
on June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, until otherwise
provided by law: Provided, That skilled observers serving in the
Signal Service at said date shall be entitled to preference over other

THE SIGNAL COEPS. 623

Eersons not in the Signal Service for appointment in the Weather
lureau to places for which they may be properly qualified until the
expiration of the time for which they were last enlisted.

oec. 6. That in addition to the Chief Signal Officer the commissioned
force of the Signal Corps shaJl hereafter consist of one major, four
captains (mounted), and four first iieutenants (mounted), who shall
receive the pay and allowances of like grades in the Army. The offi-
cers herein provided for shall be appointed from the Army, including
lieutenants of the Signal Corps, preference being given to officers who
have performed long and efficient service in the Signal Service: Pro-
vided, That no appointment shall be made until a board, to be
appointed by the Secretary of War, shall have submitted a report
recommending officers for appointment in the Signal Corps in the
order of merit, based upon the importance and usefulness of work per-
formed in the Signal Service, as said board may determine from the
official records. And such second lieutenants of the Signal Corps as
may not be promoted under the provisions of this act shall be
appointed second lieutenants in the line of the Army, with present
date of commission, and shall be assigned to the first vacancies which
may occur in the grade of second lieutenant after the appointments
herein provided for have been made.

Sec. 7. That all appointments and promotions in the Signal Corps
after this reorganization shall be made after examination and approval
under sections twelve hundred and six and twelve hundred and seven
of the Revised Statutes, which are hereby amended so as to be appli-
cable to and to provide for the promotion of the lieutenants of the
Signal Corps in the same manner as they now apply to the Corps of
Engineers and the Ordnance Corps; and all vacancies which may here-
after exist in the grade of first lieutenant in the Signal Corps shall be
filled by transfer from the line of the Army, after competitive exam-
ination and recommendation by a board of officers of the Signal Corps
to be appointed by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 8. That the enlisted force of the Signal Corps of the Army
shall hereafter consist of fifty sergeants, of which ten shall be of the
first class, with pay of hospital stewards. No further enlistments
shall be made in the Signal Corps for duties enumerated in section
three: Provided, That any vacancy existing or hereafter occurring in
that portion of the force of the Signal Corps engaged in said duties
may be filled by a civilian at a salary not exceeding that now paid for
the same class of work in the State or Territory where the service
may be performed, and this compensation for said services shall con-
tinue until July first, eighteen hundred and ninety -one, which compen-
sation may be paid out of the appropriation for the pay of the present
enlisted force.

Sec. 9. That on and after July first, eighteen hundred and ninety-
one, the appropriations for the support of the Signal Corps of the
Army shall be made with those of other staff corps of the Army, . . .

Sec. 10. That the President is authorized to appoint, on or before
March first, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, a board of three officials,
which board shall be charged with the duty of examining the classes
and kinds of property and the amount of moneys pertaining to and in
the possession or the Signal Corps, and said board shall, as soon as
practicable, make to the Secretary of War a report setting forth the
amount of moneys and the quantities and kinds of property more suit-

624 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

able for the work of the Weather Bureau and not necessary for the
use of the Signal Corps, and what part of said property will be suitable
and necessary for the Signal Corps, and upon the approval of said
report by the Secretary of War the property and moneys which shall
be decided to properly pertain to the Weather Bureau work shall be
transferred to such Bureau, and to the custody of the Secretary of
Agriculture, while the remaining property and funds shall continue in
the possession of the Signal Corps.

Act of August 6, 1894, (?8 Stats., 233).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
, June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes.

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

Signal Corps: . . . Provided, That whenever a vacancy in the

grade of brigadier-general shall occur in the office of Chief Signal
>fficer said vacancy shall not be filled, but said grade shall cease and
determine, and thereafter the commissioned force of the Signal Corps
shall consist of one colonel, who shall be the Chief Signal Officer of the
Army, and selected from the corps, and one lieutenant-colonel, one
major, and three captains (mounted), to be appointed from the corps
according to seniority, and three first lieutenants (mounted), to be
appointed as now provided by law, who shall each receive the pay and
allowances of like grades in the Army, and the officers of the Signal
Corps shall retain the commissions held by them at the date of the next
vacancy in the office of Chief Signal Officer, unless promoted in
compliance with law.

* * *

. . . Provided further, . . . that purchases may be made
in open market in the manner common among business men when the
aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but
every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary
of War.

Act of March 2, 1897 (29 Stats., 609).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight.

* * *

FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF.

* * *

Signal Corps: . . . And the promotions authorized by law when
a vacancy occurs in the office of the Chief Signal Officer may be made
in grades below that of colonel upon the approval of this act.

THE SIGNAL CORPS. 625

Act of April 26, 1898 (30 Stats., 364).

AN ACT for the better organization of the line of the Army of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 3. ... In time of war there shall be added to the Signal
Corps of the Army ten corporals, one hundred first-class privates, and
forty second-class privates, who shall have the pay and allowances of
engineer troops of the same grade.

* * *

Act of May 18, 1898 (30 Stats., 417).
AN ACT to organize a volunteer signal corps.

That the President is hereby authorized to organize a volunteer sig-
nal corps for service during the existing war, which corps shall receive
the same pay and allowances as are authorized b} r law for the Signal
Corps of the Army.

Sec. 2. The volunteer signal corps shall consist of one colonel, one
lieutenant-colonel, one major as disbursing officer, and such other offi-
cers and men as may be required, not exceeding one major for each
army corps, and two captains, two first lieutenants, two second lieu-
tenants, five first-class sergeants, ten sergeants, ten corporals, and thirty
first-class privates to each organized division of troops: Provided,
That two-thirds of all officers below the rank of major and a like pro-
portion of the enlisted men shall be skilled electricians or telegraph-
operators.

Resolution of July 8, 1898 (30 Stats., 752).

JOINT RESOLUTION to correct an omission relative to signal officers on the staff
of corps commanders, and for other purposes.

That so much of section ten of the act of Congress approved April
twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as provides that the
staff of the general commanding an army corps shall consist of certain
officers, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, shall be held to include
among such officers a chief signal officer: Provided, That so much of
the act of Congress approved August sixth, eighteen hundred and
ninety-four, as reduces the grade of the Chief Signal Officer of the
Army is hereby repealed, and the colonel therein provided for shall be
assistant chief signal officer and appointed, by regular promotion,
upon the approval of this resolution: Provlaed further, That the laws
authorizing the detail and assignment of the officers of the Army to
duty in the Weather Bureau be, and are hereby, repealed.

Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977).

AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for

other purposes.

That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of
the United States shall consist of ... a Signal Corps. . . .

* * *

S. Doc. 229

626 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 7. That the . . . Signal Corps shall consist of the officers
and enlisted men now provided by law. . . .

* * *

Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in
service, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
officers of the volunteer staff as follows:

* * *

Four signal officers with the rank of major, nine signal officers with
the rank of captain, nine signal officers with the rank of first lieuten-
ant, and nine signal officers with the rank of second lieutenant.

* * *

May 25, 1900 (31 ). Commercial business may be done over the military tele-
graph and cable lines in Alaska, receipts from such business to be accounted for and
paid into the United States Treasury.

Resolution of June J+, 1900 (31 Stats., ).

JOINT RESOLUTION for the appointment of first lieutenants of volunteers in the

Signal Corps of the Army.

That the President is hereby empowered to nominate and, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint ten first lieuten-
ants of volunteers in the Signal Corps of the Arm}', whose commis-
sions shall expire June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and one.

Act of February <2, 1901 (31 Stats., ).

AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the

United States.

That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United
States . . . shall consist of ... a Signal Corps. . . .

* * *

Sec. 24. That the Signal Corps shall consist of one Chief Signal
Officer, with the rank of brigadier- general, one colonel, one lieutenant-
colonel, four majors, fourteen captains, fourteen first lieutenants,
eighty first-class sergeants, one hundred and twenty sergeants, one
hundred and fifty corporals, two hundred and fifty first-class privates,
one hundred and fifty second-class privates, and ten cooks: Provided,
That vacancies created or caused by this section shall be filled by pro-
motion of officers of the Signal Corps according to seniority, as now
provided by law. Vacancies remaining after such promotions may be
filled by appointment of persons who have served in the Volunteer
Signal Corps since April twenty -first, eighteen hundred and ninety-
eight: Provided, That the President is authorized to continue in serv-
ice during the present emergency, for duty in the Philippine Islands,
five volunteer signal officers with the rank of first lieutenant and five
volunteer signal officers with the rank of second lieutenant. This
authority shall extend only for the period when their services may be
absolutely necessary.

* * *

Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma-
nent appointments in the . . . Signal Corps, including those

THE SIGNAL COBPS. 627

appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieu-
tenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one,
and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to
seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing
herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be
filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so
promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except
that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur which can
not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled
by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appoint-
ments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original
vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall
be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such sys-
tem of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe.

That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff
corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at
large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office
for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any
staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer
below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall,
while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro-
vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now
holding office in an} r corps or department who shall hereafter serve as
chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired,
shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law
for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That
so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart-
ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or
department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein.

THE COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS.

Aug. 11, 1775. Stephen Moylan, Muster-Master-General.
June 18, 1776. Gunning Bedford, Muster-Master-General.
Apr. 10, 1777. Joseph Ward, Muster-Master-General.
Jan. 12, 1780. Mustering Department discontinued.

629

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

June 16, 1775.

Resolved, . . . That there be a commissary of the musters;
that his pay be forty dollars per month.

July 17, 1775.

Resolved, That a deputy muster-master be appointed for the said
[New York] department.
Gunning Bedford, esq., elected to that office.

July 19, 1775.

Resolved, That the appointment of ... a commissary of mus-
ters ... be left to General Washington.

July 29, 1775.

Resolved, That the pay of the Commissary- General of Musters be
forty dollars per month.

* * *

Deputy muster-master-general, forty dollars per do. (month).

August 11, 1775. "The Commander in Chief has been pleased to appoint Stephen
Moylan, esqr., to be Muster-Master-General to the Army of the United Colonies."
{Order 8, General Headquarters, Cambridge.)

February 17, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the appointment of Captain Rensselaer

to be deputy muster-master-general of the forces in Canada be con-
firmed.

February 28, 1776.

HrNolfrd, . . . That the deputy muster-maeter-general, (lim-
ning Bedford, esq., be directed to repair to his post forthwith in the
northern army in Canada, and that he muster the troops once in every
month and make returns to Congress and the commanding officer.

March 25, 1776.

Resolved, That a deputy muster-master-general be appointed for the
Southern Department.
The ballots being taken and examined,

631

632 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Edmund Randolph, esq., was elected. 1

Resolved, That E. Randolph, esq., be empowered to appoint two
deputy muster-masters under him, one for North Carolina and the
other for South Carolina.

June 5, 1776.

Resolved, That the . . . deputy muster-masters -general make
regular returns and reports to Congress and to the respective officers
to whom they are deputies at least once a month, and that the princi-
pals also make returns to Congress at the same periods.

June 17, 1776.

Resolved, That an experienced general be immediately sent into
Canada, with power to appoint ... a deputy muster- master-gen-
eral and such other officers as he shall find necessary for the good of
the service, . . . and notify the same to Congress for their appro-
bation;

* * *

That a deputy muster-master-general be immediately sent into
Canada.

June 18, 1776.

Resolved, That Gunning Bedford, esq., deputy muster-master-gen-
eral, be promoted to the rank of Muster-Master-General, and that he
be directed immediately to repair to headquarters in New York.

Resolved, That General Washington be empowered and directed to
nominate and send a deputy muster-master-general to Canada.

July 9, 1776.

The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy muster-master-
general for the flying camp and militia ordered to rendezvous at
Trenton; and the ballots being taken,

Jonathan B. Smith was elected. 2

September W, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That Richard Varick, late captain in Colonel
McDougall's regiment, which office he resigned, secretary to the hon-
orable Major-General Schuyler, be appointed deputy muster-master-
general to the northern army.

October 7, 1776.

Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy muster-master-gen-
eral for the flying camp, in the the room of Jonathan B. Smith; and the
ballots being taken,

William Davies was elected.

1 Resigned April 26, 1776, having been elected to represent Williamsburg in conven-
tion.

2 Resigned September 27, 1776.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS. 633

Octobw 16, 1776.

Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint . . .
a deputy muster-master-general for the flying camp.

October 21, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers
on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled,
be as follow: . . .

To the . . . deputjr muster-master-general, 6 rations. . . .

November 7, 1776.

Resolved, . . . 8. That the deputy muster-master-general in the
Northern Department have the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army
of the United States.

April 4-, 1777.

Resolved, That there be one Commissary -General of Musters for the
Army of the United States:

That there be four deputy muster-masters-general;

That the said appointments be made by Congress;

That one deputy muster-master be appointed to each grand division
of the army, and that these appointments be made by the Commander
in Chief;

That the troops be mustered once in everj T month b} r the deputy
muster-masters, and once, at least, in every three months the deputy
muster-master-general of each department shall superintend at such

musters;

* * *

That the deputy muster-master-general of each department return
an abstract of each muster roll once a month to the deputy adjutant-
general of that department, 1 and one other abstract to the Commissary-
General of Musters;

That the Commissary-General of Musters return to the Adjutant-
General once a month an abstract of all the musters, regimentally
digested, together with an abstract of the rations drawn or retained
by the several regiments;

* * . *

That the pay of the Commissary -General of Musters be 60 dollars :i
month and i rations a day;

That the pay of the deputy muster-master-general be 50 dollars a
month and 3 rations a day;

That the pay of a muster-master be 35 a month and two rations a
day.

April 10, 1777.

Resolved, That the Commissary-General of Musters have the rank
of colonel in the Army of the United States; that the deputy muster-
masters general have the rank of lieutenant-colonels in the Army of
the United States.

1 Revoked by resolution of June 10, 1771

634 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY

Congress proceeded to the election; and the ballots being taken,
Joseph Ward, esq., was elected Commissary-General of Musters.
Richard Varick and William Bradford, jr., were elected deputy
muster-masters-general.

May 2, 1777.

Resolved, That all muster rolls directed to be taken be sworn to
before some general officer of the Army, or in the absence of a gen-
eral officer, before the commanding officer of the post where the
muster is made, or some civil magistrate in the United States, and a
certificate thereof be made on the back of each roll. . . .

Resolved, That each deputy muster-master deliver to the deputy
muster- master-general of his department one certified copy of all mus-
ter rolls, by which the latter shall make the abstracts required from
him.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of musters and his deputies
shall take an oath of office and fidelity to these United States.

Resolved, That in the absence of the Commander in Chief from any
department the deputy muster-masters shall be appointed by the com-
mander in that department.

Resolved, That the mustering officers be empowered and directed to
require of the officers whose troops are mustered any papers or vouchers
relative to the enlistment and muster.

May U, 1777.

Resolved, . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in
any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of
forage, and for and during such times as they shall think proper . . .
to the muster-master-general and his deputies: . . . Provided
always, That if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or
assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general
orders hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so
many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such
case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have,
nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back
allowance or any money in lieu thereof.

May 20, 1777. "Lewis Woodruff, esq., is appointed deputy muster-master."
( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. )

June 10, 1777.

Resolved, . . . XXXIV. That no return's of rations drawn or
returned by the several regiments be hereafter made ... to the
commissary-general of musters, or by him to the adjutant-general
. . . as directed in the regulations of the muster-master-general's
department passed by Congress the 4th of April last.

July 8, 1777.

Resolved, That Robert Harrison, esq., be appointed to muster the
said battalion [Maryland battalion of Continental troops commanded
by Colonel Richardson] while employed in the service for which it is
now destined; and that he be allowed a reasonable compensation for
every muster which he shall perform.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS. 635

August 6, 1777.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of musters be allowed here-
after the pay and rations of a colonel; that the pay of his deputy
commissaries be increased to 60 dollars a month, and that of the muster-
masters to 45 dollars per month.

Resolved, That the several muster-masters be directed to omit making
returns to the paymaster and deputy paymasters-general.

August 22, 1777.

Resolved, That Lodowig Sprogle be empowered and directed to
muster the militia of Pennsylvania instead of the deput} r muster-
master-general, whose indisposition prevents his performing that
service.

October 10, 1777.

Resolved, That John Montgomery, esq., at Carlisle, be, and he is
hereby appointed and authorized to muster the two companies under
the command of Major J. A. Wilson, for the discharge of which duty
a reasonable allowance shall be made to him.

October 20, 1777.

Resolved, That Mr. William Massey be appointed deputy muster-
master-general to the Continental troops raised or to be raised in the
States of South Carolina and Georgia.

January 13, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That ... a deputy muster-master-general
. . . be appointed to act pro tempore for the troops aforesaid [from
New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut
constantly employed in Rhode Island for the defence of the State and
of the Providence Plantations]; that the . . . deputy muster-
master-general be appointed by the officer commanding at that post
[Providence], and that each . . . take the oath of fidelity and
office. . . .

May 29, 1778.

Resolved, That no person hereafter appointed upon the civil staff of
the Army shall hold or be entitled to any rank in the Army by virtue
of such staff appointment.

March 16, 1779. The quartermaster-general was authorized to appoint a muster-
master for the corps of wagoners; and, April 19, 1779, he was empowered to estahlish
regulations, to be approved by the Commander in Chief, for the mustering of that
corps.

April 6, 1779.

Congress proceeded to the election of deputy commissaries-general
of musters in the room of Messrs. Bradford and Noarth, resigned; and
the ballots being taken,

Mr. Henry Rutgers, jr., and Mr. Azariah Horton were elected.

December 24, 1779. "The honorable the board of war having procured a small
supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers

636 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State, the clothier-general is to
deliver them upon returns sighed by the . . . heads of the following corps
and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of Novem-
ber last. . . . Muster-masters." . . . {Orders, General Headquarters, Morris-

town.)

January 12, 1780.

Resolved, That the mustering department be discontinued and the
officers thereof discharged.

And whereas the said commissary -general of musters has proved
himself a good and faithful officer, and those who have been employed
under him have given satisfaction in their offices:

Resolved, That the said commissary-general of musters, and those
officers who have continued in that department under him for eighteen
months last past, shall be entitled to receive a sum equal to their pay
respectively for the terms of twelve months from this day.

Resolved, That in future the business of mustering the troops be
performed by the inspectors of the Army, . . .

February 7, 1780.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of musters, his deputies and
muster-masters, be allowed 100 dollars per month for each detained
ration from the 18th of August last to the 12th of January last, when
the department was discontinued, in like manner as officers of the line.

October 12, 1781.

Ordered, That it be recommended to the executive of the State of
Massachusetts to settle with and pay the officers of the late mustering
department within that State, that have not been settled with, by allow-
ing them what their arrears of pay and year's advance was worth in
specie at the time they respectively became due, and charge the same
to the United States.

THE COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS.

May 15, 1777. Elias Boudinot.
May 11, 1778. Col. Francis Johnson.
May 28, 1778. Maj. John Beatty.
Apr. 15, 1780. Col. Joseph Ward.
Sept. 15, 1780. Abraham Skinner.

637

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

October 7, 1776.

Resolved, That a commissary of prisoners of war be appointed in
each of the United States.

That the said commissaries be directed to make monthly returns of
the state and conditions of the prisoners, under their respective care,
to the Board of War.

That the said commissaries be appointed by the respective States.

December 27, 1776.

Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to
appoint a commissary of prisoners, . . . to fix their salaries, and
return their names to Congress.

* * *

June 6, 1777.

Resolved, . . . That a commission be granted to Elias Boudi-
not, esq., as commissary-general of prisoners; the said commission to
be dated the 15th day of May last, and Mr. Boudinot to be allowed
the pay and rations of a colonel.

That Elias Boudinot, commissary -general of prisoners, be empowered
to appoint two deputy commissaries of prisoners; the said deputies to
be allowed the pay and rations of majors.

June 23, 1777.

Resolved, That Elias Boudinot, esq., commissary -general of pris-
oners, have power to appoint three deputies under him in addition to
those he was heretofore authorized to appoint.

That all commissaries or other persons in the several States having
the custody or care of prisoners of war be obliged, at any time when
required by the commissary -general of prisoners or his deputies, to
deliver over to him or his deputies all such prisoners of war as are or
shall be in their care or custody.

June U, 1^77.

Resolved, That the Board of War write to the commissary of pris-
oners, instructing him to propose to the commissary of prisoners in
New York that the prisoners of each party in the present war be sup-

639

640 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

plied with such provisions, clothing, or other necessaries during their
captivity by the respective captors as may be approved by the deputy
commissaries resident where the prisoners are confined, fixing in the
contract the quantities and value of a ration of provisions, the clothing
and necessaries to be charged at the current prices, and the account of
such supplies to be rendered quarterly, and the balance paid, if required,
in provisions at the current rates, if due from the American commis-
sarj 7 , or in clothing .at the current price, if due from the British com-
missary.

Resolved, That the commissary of prisoners be empowered to make
such contract on behalf of the United States of America, and to make
such reasonable alterations from the directions of the Board of War as
he may find necessary to obtain an equitable bargain for the mutual
supply of prisoners.

Resolved, That if the commissary -general of prisoners shall not be
able to accomplish a contract on equitable principles within the space
of three weeks from this date, he be authorized to send in a quantity
of provisions to supply the prisoners of war taken by the enemy and
now in New York; that the overplus provisions, beyond what the pris-
oners want for their sustenance, be sold to supply them with clothing
and other necessaries; and that it be recommended to the commissary-
general of prisoners not to divulge this resolution, that unreasonable
advantage may not be taken of it.

October 4, 1777.

Resolved, Thau the commissary of prisoners provide, under the direc-
tion of the Board of War, log barracks for Continental prisoners of
war that already are, or hereafter may be, sent to the Commonwealth
of Virginia, at such place or places as the governor and council of that
State shall approve; that in the construction thereof regard be had to
the health and safekeeping of the prisoners, and that a convenient
space of ground, surrounding or adjoining thereto, be set apart for
benefit of air, and S3 enclosed as to prevent all intercourse with the
inhabitants; that until such barracks be provided the prisoners be sent
to the county lieutenants of Frederick and Augusta counties, in Vir-
ginia, to be by them secured, at the Continental expense, in such man-
ner as shall be suitable for prisoners of war, and until the governor
and council of Virginia shall take further order therein.

October 6, 1777.

Resolved, That all masters, officers, and marines, and all subjects of
the King of Great Britain, taken on board any prize made by any Con-
tinental vessel of war be hereafter considered as prisoners of war and
treated as such, and that the seamen and mariners of such prize be
confined in the gaols or some other secure place in the States to which
the prize shall be carried; and it is recommended to the several States
to consider and treat all captains, officers, and mariners, and all sub-
jects of the King of Great Britain, taken on board any prize made by
any vessel fitted out by or carried into any State, by any privateer or
letter of marque, as prisoners of war.

Ordered, That the commissary -general of prisoners be informed of
this resolve, and that he be directed to appoint a deputy in each State.

COMMISSAKY-GENEEAL OF PKISONEES. 641

October BO, 1777.

Resolved, That in case a sufficient number of laborers can not be
procured to work the lead mines in the State of New York, the com-
missary-general of prisoners be directed to furnish a competent num-
ber of prisoners of war for that end.

December 12, 1777. "Daniel Clymer, esq., is appointed deputy commissary of
prisoners, to act in the absence of the commissary -general of prisoners." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Sweedes' Ford. )

December 12, 1777. "David Klein, esq., is appointed deputy commissary of prison-
ers, to act in the absence of the commissary -general of prisoners." (Orders, General
Headquarters [on the march to Valley Forge].)

Ja-.vuary 14, 1778.

Resolved, That the order of the commissary of prisoners shall be a
sufficient voucher to the commissary or deputy commissary-general of
purchases for the delivery of provisions for the use of the prisoners
of war.

January 21, 1778.

Resolved, . . . That the commissary-general of prisoners and
his respective deputies be forthwith directed to call in all the officers
and privates belonging to the enemy, and to confine them in such
places and order them to be subsisted and treated in such manner as
shall render their situation similar in all respects to that of the officers
and privates who are prisoners with the enemy, and that they con-
tinue this mode of treatment till such a time as a change of conduct
on the part of the enemy shall induce Congress or the Commander in
Chief of the armies of these States to give directions for a different
line of conduct on their part.

May 11, 1778.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of prisoners, in
the room of Elias Boudinot, esq., resigned, and the ballots being taken,
Colonel Francis Johnson was elected.

May 21, 1778.

Resolved, That the necessary contingent charges of executing the
office of commissary -general of prisoners be allowed, over and above
the present pay of Colonel Johnson.

May 21, 1778. Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson was taken from the line because his
health would not permit him to undergo the fatigues of active service; he was per-
mitted by Congress to hold his rank, but no command in the line. May 23, he
declined the appointment as it never was his wish to give up his rank in the line.

May 28, 1778.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris-
oners, and the ba'lot being taken,
Major John Beatty was elected.

S. Doc. 229 1

642 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ABMY.

July 15, 1778.

Resolved, That all prisoners taken or which may be taken by the
squadron of His Most Christian Majesty, under the command of the
Count d'Estaing, vice-admiral of France, be received by the commis-
sary-general of prisoners, and that he provide for their safe custody
and subsistence in like manner as hath been usual for the prisoners of
these States.

That he make monthly returns of all prisoners which shall be by him
so received to the Board of War.

That he make monthly returns to the Treasury of the accounts of all
moneys expended for the purposes aforesaid, and that the prisoners
be held at the disposal of His Most Christian Majesty, and subject to
the orders of his excellency Mons. Count d'Estaing.

July 30, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be directed to
engage in the Continental service all, or as many as he can, of the sea-
men sent from New York by Admiral Gambier who shall appear to be
effective or likely to be soon fit for service, and that he furnish such
as will so engage with the means of travelling to Boston, where they
are to be delivered to the commissioners of the Navy for the eastern
district, to be shipped on board the Continental vessels of war fitting
out at that port.

August 4, 1778.

Ordered, That the commissary-general of prisoners do from time to
time, on the exchange of prisoners in the possession of the enemy, take
proper care of those who shall appear to be in such ill state of health
as to be unable to travel, either by sending them to a public hospital
or, when that can not be readily effected, by appointing proper persons
to take care of them on the easiest terms practicable, and that those
who are able to travel be furnished with orders on the different com-
missaries of issues on their way for such a number of rations as may
be necessary for their support to their respective places of abode; also
that the commissary of prisoners do keep exact accounts of the expenses
attending them that belong to the different States and are not in the
Continental service.

September 11, 1778.

Resolved, That Major-General Heath, with the concurrence of the
council of the State of Massachusetts Bay, be authorized to remove the
prisoners, under the convention of Saratoga, to such parts of the State
of Massachusetts Bay as they can be most conveniently subsisted in.

October 16, 1778.

Resolved, That General Washington be directed, if neither of the
alternatives [the British commander to grant passports to American
vessels to transport provisions and fuel to Boston for the use of the
prisoners or that he adopt measures for sending them ample supplies]
mentioned in the above resolve have been complied with, to take the

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 643

necessary steps for removing, with all convenient speed, all the pris-
oners of the convention of Saratoga to the town of Charlottesville, in
the county of Albemarle, in the State of Virginia.

* * *

Resolved, That the Board of War appoint persons to superintend
and take charge of the said prisoners; that they contract for the fuel
for their use, and apply to the governor and council of Virginia for a
sufficient force of militia to guard the said prisoners.

That the commissary-general of purchases provide a suitable sup-
ply of provisions for the said troops.

That the commissary-general of issues appoint a suitable person to
issue provisions to the said troops and to keep a regular account
thereof.

That regular accounts for provisions and fuel be made and trans-
mitted from time to time to the Board of War.

That the Board of War be directed to contract with a proper person
to build temporary log barracks for the reception of the said troops
at the place above mentioned on or before the 15th day of December
next, and that they report to Congress the contract they may enter into.

October M, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be informea
that Congress do not approve of partial or parole exchanges, but they
are willing to make a general exchange of officers, whether of the con-
vention [Saratoga] or otherwise, as far as numbers and rank will apply.

November 7, 1778.

Resolved, That the commissaiy-general of prisoners be directed to
take proper measures, until the further order of Congress, for the
temporary supply of the British prisoners of war captivated by the
Army of the United States, with such quotas of rations as are fur-
nished our prisoners in the hands of the enemy by the British com-
missaries.

* * *

Ordered, That the Secretary furnish the commissary-general of
prisoners with the copy of the letter of January 19th, 1778, from Sir
William Howe to General Washington, with the papers enclosed,
specifying the quota of rations furnished to our prisoners in the
enemy's hands by the British commissaries.

November 7, 1778. Commissaries of purchases and supplies and issues were directed
to comply with requisitions made upon them by the commissary -general of prisoners.

January 9, 1779.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be furnished
with money, from time to time, by the Board of Treasury, for the
purpose or subsisting the officers and soldiers of the United States
while in captivity, and in the actual possession of the enemy, and to
accommodate them with sufficient sums, on account, to defray their
travelling expenses to their homes or regiments.

That the accounts of all prisoners who shall hereafter be released
from captivity, for the pay and subsistence due to them while in the

644 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GEKERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY.

actual possession of the enemy, be received and adjusted by the said
commissary-general, who, after charging them with the moneys he
shall have supplied to them, shall certify the sums due thereon to the
paymaster-general, the deputy paymaster-general of any military
department, or paymaster of the Board of War and Ordnance, as shall
be most convenient for the prisoners respectively, which sums shall be
paid by the said paymasters upon warrants to be given for the same,
as usual for other payments made by them.

* * *

That, for defraying the expenses of officers and soldiers released
from captivity, on their way home, or to join their regiments, the
said commissary-general of prisoners, ... in settling the
accounts aforesaid, make an allowance of one day's pay and rations for
every twenty miles such officers and soldiers had or have to travel
to their homes, in case of the expiration of their time of service, or
release on parole, or if otherwise, to join their regiments.

* * *

That the commissary -general of prisoners be allowed a clerk to
enable him to perform the extra duty above assigned to him, to assist
in the usual business of his department, and perform the duties and
receive the pay ?nd rations of a deputy commissary of prisoners.

January 23, 1779.

Resolved, That the commissary of prisoners reside at the head-
quarters of the Army; that he shall make no exchange of prisoners
but such as shall be directed by Congress, the Board of War, or Com-
mander in Chief, or, with respect to marine prisoners, by the marine
committee.

That in future instructions respecting his department shall be trans-
mitted to him through the Commander in Chief.

That whenever the commissary shall think it necessary to send a flag
into the enemy's lines with provisions for the prisoners or on any other
business, he shall make application to the Commander in Chief, who
will judge of the cause and propriety in point of time and other cir-
cumstances.

March 16, 1779.

Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army
be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to
arrests, trials, and punishments.

April 8, 1779.

Resolved, . . . That effectual provision be made by a com-
missary of prisoners for supplying such of our people as remain
unexchanged.

That a deputy commissary of prisoners be appointed for the southern
army by the commanding officer thereof.

April 8, 1779. Until the establishment of a cartel for general exchange the com-
manding officer of the southern army was authorized to exchange prisoners of war.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 645

June 7, 1779.

Resolved, That the commissary -general of prisoners be authorized,
from time to time, to pay to the order of officers and soldiers in cap-
tivity, an}' sums not exceeding the amount of their pay and sub-
sistence, in order to enable them to assist their families, and that he
make monthly returns to the Paymaster-General of their accounts,
respectively.

August 19, 1779.

Resolved, That the pay and subsistence of a colonel in the line be
allowed to the commissary-general of prisoners.

Resolved, That he be entitled to draw yearly from the stores of the
clothier-general a full suit of clothes on the same terms as officers of
the line receive the clothing furnished pursuant to the resolution of
Congress, November the 26th, 1777.

September 1, 1779. Congress authorized the commissary-general of purchases to
appoint a deputy for the especial purpose of providing for the troops of the conven-
tion of Saratoga and their guards during their stay in Virginia.

October 18, 1779.

Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to give the necessary
order . . . for supplying the convention troops with.rations of
Indian meal in lieu of flour. . . .

November 16, 1779.

Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be directed,
until the further order of Congress, to make the same provision for
the Spanish prisoners in New York as is made for the prisoners of the
United States, keeping a separate account thereof.

January 13, 1780.

Resolved, That all prisoners of war, whether captivated by the Army
or Navy of the United States, or by the subjects, troops, or ships of
any particular State, shall be delivered into the care and custody of
the commissary-general of prisoners, his deputies or assistants, and
be deemed and treated in all respects as prisoners of war to the United
States.

That it be earnestly recommended to the governments of the
respective States that they make no exchanges of prisoners, to the
intent that all exchanges may be made through the commissary -general
of prisoners, by direction of Congress or the Commander in Chief or
board of admiralty, and when prisoners are taken by the particular
subjects, troops, or vessels of any State not in the service of the
United States, or by private ships or vessels of war fitted out in any
particular State, these shall be first exchanged, so far as is necessary,
tor the subjects or inhabitants of the same State taken by the sub
jects, adherents, ships, or vessels of the enemy, and the overplus, if
any, shall go towards redeeming the prisoners in the hands of the
enemy, without regard to their being subjects or inhabitants of any
particular State.

646 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OE GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY.

That all masters or commanders of private ships or vessels of war
shall take the utmost care to bring into port all prisoners captivated
by them. And if from necessity they shall be obliged to dismiss any
prisoners at sea, they shall, on return from their cruise, make report
thereof, on oath, to the judge of the admiralty of the State to which
they belong, or in which they arrive, within 20 days after their
arrival, with their reasons for such dismission. And if the judge shall
not be satisfied with the reasons assigned, or if it shall appear that the
prisoners were discharged to avoid the trouble and expense of bring-
ing them into port and delivering them into custody, or in any wise
unnecessarily, then the judge shall transmit an account thereof to the
executive of the State, who are requested to examine into the matter
and vacate the commission granted to the said delinquent master or
commander of the ship or vessel if they are of the opinion that such
dismission was improper.

That all prisoners of war captivated by private ships or vessels of
war be delivered by and at the expense of the masters or owners of
such ships or vessels to a commissary of prisoners nearest the place
of tjieir landing, or into the nearest county gaol, on pain of forfeiture
of the commission granted to such private ship or vessel.

That on such delivery of the prisoners into the gaol the gaoler shall
be obliged to inform the government of the State wherein the said
prisoners are landed, or, in case of their residence at too great a dis-
tance, the # lieutenant or commanding officer of the militia of the count}'
wherein such prisoners are landed, the commissary-general of pris-
oners, or his deputy; that if the said prisoners are not deemed by the
executive of the State, or the said commanding officer of the militia,
to be in a place of sufficient security, they may be removed under
proper guards to a place or places of greater safety at the expense of
the United States. And the executive powers of the respective States
are requested to give the necessary orders to the commanding officers
of militia on this subject, and to pay the expenses of escorting and
transporting the prisoners, charging the same to the United States.
The said executives are also requested to give orders to the officers of
their militia to take immediate charge of all prisoners of war capti-
vated by the ships and vessels of war belonging to the United States
or to any particular State, and to convey them, at the expense of the
United States, to the nearest commissary of prisoners, or to the county
gaol, and also direct the like steps to be taken in regard to their
removal to places of greater safety, as is provided in the case of pris-
oners captured by private vessels.

That it be recommended to the legislatures of the respective States
effectually to provide, at the expense of the United States, for the
delivery and safe-keeping of all prisoners captivated by their respec-
tive subjects out of vessels stranded or cast on shore on their coasts,
obliging the parties taking prisoners to deliver them to the nearest
commissary of prisoners or into the nearest gaol in case no commissary
of prisoners is stationed within convenient distance to the place of
capture, and in case of neglect or misconduct in the persons so taking
the prisoners, that they forfeit all right to the vessel, her tackle,
apparel, and furniture so cast on shore, or the property they may
save or be otherwise entitled to out of such vessel, or imposing such
other penalty as the said legislatures shall respectively think proper.

That it be recommended to the said legislatures to provide and

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 647

direct that all gaolers receive and deliver prisoners of war without
charging any fee or reward to the persons delivering them into or
taking them by proper authority out of their custody, the reasonable
expenses of supporting such prisoners in gaol to be paid by the
government of the State wherein they shall be confined and charged
to the United States, except where they can and shall be otherwise
provided for by the proper officer in the service of the United States.
And the gaoler shall transmit a copj r of his charges against the United
States for account of prisoners of war to the commissary-general of
prisoners, or his nearest deputy, when any prisoners leave the gaol,
either for removal to places of greater security or for exchange.
That prisoners of war, either on their march or in confinement, be
furnished with only two-thirds of a soldier's ration.

That none but sick or wounded prisoners be allowed carriages at
public expense.

That all prisoners on parole pay their own expenses, and such
expenses shall be paid before they shall be exchanged.

That all officers, prisoners of war to the United States, unless in
hospitals, pay their physicians, surgeons, and attendants.

That the commissary -general of prisoners and his deputies make
regular monthly returns to the Board of War of the numbers, situa-
tion, and exchanges of all prisoners under their charge, and that they
also give the saia board such occasional information of all material
transactions in their department as circumstances from time to -time
render necessary, or when they shall be required by the board to do
so, under pain of being suspended or dismissed by the said board.

That all exchanges of prisoners made in consequence of the fore-
going resolutions shall be soldier for soldier and sailor for sailor.

March SI, 1780. Congress accepted the resignation of John Beatty, commissary-
general of prisoners.

April 15, 1780.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris-
oners, and, the ballots being taken, Colonel Joseph Ward was elected.

July 15, 1780.

Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses
be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be
by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sep-
arate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag-
gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit:

* * *

Commissary of prisoners, 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses.

* * *

Deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army, 1 two-horse
wagon or 2 bathorses.

* * *

Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and
bathorses by these regulations, there be issued to ... ; com-
missary of prisoners two; deputy commissary of prisoners with a sep-
arate army, two; deputy serving with the main army, one; . . .

648 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

August 5, 1780.

Resolved, That Captain George Turner be discharged from the office
of commissary of prisoners, . . .

Resolved, That Brig. General Moultrie be, and hereby is, authorized
to appoint a suitable person to act as commissary of prisoners in
Charleston and return the name of the person appointed to Congress
for their approbation, if they shall judge proper.

August 7, 1780.

Ordered, That General Washington take the necessary steps for
establishing a resident commissary of prisoners at New York, and
Major-General Gates another in South Carolina or Georgia, to have
the care of prisoners in those places, according to the usage and cus-
toms of war.

August m, 1780.

Ordered, That Brig. General Moultrie make return of the person
whom he shall appoint commissary of prisoners in Charleston to
Major-General Gates or the commanding officer in the Southern
Department for his approbation ; and so much of the resolution of the
5th as requires Brig. General Moultrie to make return to Congress be,
and is hereby, repealed.

September 15, 1780.

Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of pris-
oners; and, the ballots being taken,

Mr. Abraham Skinner was elected, having been previously nomi-
nated by Mr. Henry.

October 9, 1780.

Resolved, That the agent for Continental prisoners at New York be,
and hereby is, directed to issue supplies to the navy prisoners in the
same manner as to those of the land army, as practiced by him here-
tofore; and that he make distinct returns to the Board of Admiralty of
all supplies by him issued to the navy prisoners, distinguishing those
in Continental service from those in private ships of war, and the
respective ships and States to which the latter belonged when taken.

October 19, 1780. General Washington was authorized to carry out his proposals
for appointing a commissary of prisoners to reside with the American and British
armies, respectively, or to make such other agreement as he shall judge proper for
the appointment of commissaries of prisoners.

February 5, 1781.

Ordered, That the medical committee give the directions necessary
for . . . removing the sick from the new gaol in their city to
some proper place to be provided as a hospital for prisoners.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OP PRISONERS. 649

March S, 1781.

Ordered, That the convention prisoners, as well in the State of
Maryland as Virginia, be removed, the British to Yorktown, and the
Germans to Lancaster, in the State of Pennsylvania, or such other
place or places within the said State as the executive thereof shall
direct; and that it be, and hereby is, recommended to the executive of
the State of Virginia to superintend the removal, safe-keeping, and
supply of the Germans to Noland's Ferry, on Potomac River; from
which place it is recommended to the executive of the State of Mary-
land to superintend their removal, safe-keeping, and supply to the
borders of that State, and to continue their guard to Lancaster, the
State of Pennsylvania furnishing the necessary supplies; that it be, and
it is, also recommended to the State of Maryland to provide a guard
and furnish the supplies for the convention prisoners to be removed
from Fredericktown to Yorktown, the guard to continue on to York-
town, but the supplies, after entering Pennsylvania, to be furnished
by that State; that the executive of the State of Pennsylvania be,
and hereby is, requested to order the supplies agreeably to the above
resolutions and make the necessary preparations for the reception of
prisoners at the towns or places assigned as aforesaid, and upon their
arrival at those places, respectively, the Board of War take order for
their future security and supply.

September 18, 1781.

Resolved, That the Board of War be, and are hereby, directed to set
apart 500 British prisoners, including a due proportion of officers, to
whom exchange shall be denied, until the American prisoners now in
Great Britain be returned to these States by exchange or otherwise.

That the Board of War report a plan and an estimate of the expense
for erecting Symsbury mines, in the State of Connecticut, into a State
prison for the reception of British prisoners of war, and for the pur-
pose of retaliation.

September 25, 1781. "The deputy commissary of prisoners will report to head-
quarters all prisoners of war immediately after their capture." {Orders, General
Headquarter 8, WUliamsburgh. )

October 16, 1781. Congress declared that their order of August 5, 1780, for the dis-
charge of Capt. George Turner, did not proceed from any malpractice or dishonorable
procedure on his part.

November 23, 1781.

Resolved, That the superintendent of finance and Board of War be,
and hereby are, authorized and directed to take immediate order for
the safe-keeping and support of the prisoners of war in the possession
of the United States, so as to ensure their safety as much as may be,
and to render their support less burthensome to the finances of these
States.

April 10, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the commissary -general of prisoners, so
far as respects the securing of military prisoners and making returns
of them, take his directions from the Secretary at War.

* * *

That the care and direction of prisoners of war be vested in the
Secretary at War, so bur u respects their safe-keeping.

650 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF tT. S. ARMY.

April 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants,
beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced,
. . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the
staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective
departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective
ranks in the Army and be entitled to the full paj r and subsistence be-
longing to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respective
services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . .

July 3, 1782.

Resolved, That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, author-
ized and empowered to cause courts-martial to be forthwith holden on
the several commissaries and assistant commissaries of prisoners, at
York, Reading, and Lancaster for disobedience of orders and neglect
of duty in suffering the escape of prisoners at those posts;

And that the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, authorized to
appoint proper persons to take charge of the prisoners of war at the
said places until the said commissaries shall be discharged from their
arrest or Congress shall otherwise direct.

July 2J h 1782.

Resolved, That all resolutions and appointments respecting the
department of the commissary-general of prisoners be, ana hereby are
repealed.

That the commander in chief be, and hereby is, empowered to
appoint, from time to time, a commissary of prisoners, who shall be
subject to his orders and instructions.

That the commanding officer of the southern army have also power
to appoint from time to time a commissary of prisoners, who shall be
subject to his orders and instructions.

That the power of negotiating the exchange of marine prisoners be
henceforth vested in the agent of marine, who is hereby authorized to
appoint a commissary for marine prisoners, to be subject to his orders
and instructions.

That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, authorized from
time to time to appoint so many persons as he may find necessary to
assist him in superintending and safe-keeping all prisoners of war,
reporting such appointments to Congress as soon as they shall be
made.

That the Secretary at War direct returns to be made once in every
three months (or oftener if applied for) to the commander in chief of
all land prisoners, and to the agent of marine of all marine prisoners,
who shall be under his charge.

That the pay of the commissaries for the Army shall be 75 dollars
per month each, and they shall each be allowed two rations of provi-
sions per day and 12f dollars per month subsistence, and also 6f dollars
per month each for a servant, for whom they shall draw from the
public the clothing and ration allowed to a private soldier, together
with forage for two horses each, which pay and allowance shall include
what they may be entitled to from the public as officers in the Army.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 651

That the commissary to be appointed by the agent of marine shall
receive in full for his services, including any pay or allowances that he
may be entitled to as an officer of the United States, the sum of 1,200
dollars per annum.

That the allowance of pay and rations to the persons to be appointed
by the Secretary at War to assist him in superintending and safe-
keeping prisoners of war shall not exceed 40 dollars per month and four
rations per day, or subsistence equivalent, including what they may be
entitled to as officers of the Army.

September 22, 1782. "By virtue of the power vested in the Commander in Chief
by the resolve of the honorable the Congress of the 24th July last, Lieut. Col. Wm. S.
Smith is appointed commissary of prisoners to the army in this quarter." (Orders,
General Headquarters, Verplanck , s Point.)

October 23, 1782.

Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons
and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, . . .

* * *

Commissary of prisoners, one two-horse wagon.

Deputy commissary of prisoners, southern army, one two-horse

wagon.

* * *

That there be allowed for saddle horses

* * *

Commissary of prisoners, 2 rations.
Deputy with a separate army, 2 rations.

* *

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 777).
AN ACT for the safe-keeping and accommodation of prisoners of war. 1

That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author-
ized to make such regulations and arrangements for the safe-keeping,
support, and exchange of prisoners of war as he may deem expedient,
until the same shall be otherwise provided for my law; . . .

1 Repealed by act of March 3, 1817 (3-358).

BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND
ABANDONED LANDS.

May 12, 1865. Maj. Oliver O. Howard (Maine), Commissioner.
June 30, 1872. Bureau discontinued.

653

BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED

LANDS.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1865 {13 Stats., 507).

AX ACT to establish a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees.

That there is hereby established in the War Department, to continue
during the present war of rebellion and for one year thereafter, a
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, to which shall
be committed, as hereinafter provided, the supervision and manage-
ment of all abandoned lands and the control of all subjects relating to
refugees and freedmen from rebel States, or from any district of
country within the territory embraced in the operations of the Army,
under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the head of
the Bureau and approyed by the President. The said Bureau shall be
under the management and control of a commissioner, to be appointed
by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
whose compensation shall be three thousand dollars per annum, and
such number of clerks as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of
War, not exceeding one chief clerk, two of the fourth class, two of the
third class, and five of the first class. And the commissioner, and all
persons appointed under this act, shall, before entering upon their
duties, take the oath of office prescribed in an act entitled "An act to
prescribe an oath of office, and for other purposes," approved July
second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two; and the commissioner and
chief clerk shall, before entering upon their duties, give bonds to the
Treasurer of the United States, the former in the sum of fifty thousand
dollars and the latter in the sum of ten thousand dollars, conditioned
for the faithful discharge of their duties, respectively, with securities
to be approved as sufficient by the Attorney -General, which bonds
shall be filed in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury,
to be by him put in suit for the benefit of any injured party upon any
breach of the conditions thereof.

Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War may direct such issues of pro-
visions, clothing, and fuel as he may deem needful for the immediate
and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees
and freedmen and their wives and children, under such rules and regu-
lations as he may direct.

Sue. 3. That the President may, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, appoint an assistant commissioner for each of the States
declared to be in insurrection, not exceeding ten in number, who shall,
under the direction of the commissioner, aid in the execution of the

655

656 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

provisions of this act, and he shall give a bond to the Treasurer of the
United States in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the form and
manner prescribed in the first section of this act. Each of said com-
missioners shall receive an annual salary of two thousand five hundred
dollars in full compensation for all his services. And anj r military
officer may be detailed and assigned to duty under this act without
increase of pay or allowances. The commissioner shall, before the
commencement of each regular session of Congress, make full report
of his proceedings, with exhibits of the state of his accounts, to the
President, who shall communicate the same to Congress, and shall also
make special reports whenever required to do so by the President or
either House of Congress; and the assistant commissioners shall make
quarterly reports of their proceedings to the commissioner, and also
such other special reports as from time to time may be required.

Sec. 4. That the commissioner, under the direction of the Presi-
dent, shall have authority to set apart for the use of loyal refugees
and freedmen such tracts of land within the insurrectionary States as
shall have been abandoned, or to which the United States shall have
acquired title by confiscation or sale, or otherwise; and to every male
citizen, whether refugee or freedmen as aforesaid, there shall be
assigned not more than fort} 7 acres of such land, and the person to
whom it was so assigned shall be protected in the use and enjoyment
of the land for the term of three years, at an annual rent not exceed-
ing six per centum upon the value of such land as it was appraised by
the State authorities in the year eighteen hundred and sixty for the
purpose of taxation, and in case no such appraisal can be found, then
the rental shall be based upon the estimated value of the land in said
year, to be ascertained in such manner as the commissioner may by
regulation prescribe. At the end of said term, or at any time during
said term, the occupants of any parcels so assigned may purchase the
land, and receive such title thereto as the United States can convey,
upon paying therefor the value of the land as ascertained and fixed for
the purpose of determining the annual rent aforesaid.

Act of July 16, 1866 (U Stats., 173).

AN ACT to continue in force and to amend "An act to establish a Bureau for the
Relief of Freedmen and Refugees," and for other purposes.

That the act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and
Refugees, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty -five,
shall continue in force for the term of two years from and after the
passage of this act.

Sec. 2. That the supervision and care of said Bureau shall extend
to all loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall be neces-
sary to enable them as speedily as practicable to become self-support-
ing citizens of the United States, and to aid them in making the
freedom conferred by proclamation of the Commander in Chief, by
emancipation under the laws of States, and by constitutional amend-
ment, available to them and beneficial to the Republic.

Sec. 3. That the President shall, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addition to those
authorized by the act to which this is an amendment, who shall give

BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 657

like bonds and receive the same annual salaries provided in said act;
and each of the assistant commissioners of the Bureau shall have
charge of one district containing such refugees or freedmen, to be
assigned him b} T the commissioner, with the approval of the President.
And the commissioner shall, under the direction of the President, and
so far as the same shall be, in his judgment, necessary for the efficient
and economical administration of the affairs of the Bureau, appoint
such agents, clerks, and assistants as may be required for the proper
conduct of the Bureau. Military officers or enlisted men may be
detailed for service and assigned to duty under this act, and the Presi-
dent may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do, detail from
the Army all the officers and agents of this Bureau; but no officer so
assigned shall have increase of pay or allowances. Each agent or
clerk, not heretofore authorized by law, not being a military officer,
shall have an annual salary of not less than five hundred dollars nor
more than twelve hundred dollars, according to the service required of
him. And it shall be the duty of the commissioner, when it can be
done consistently with public interest, to appoint, as assistant com-
missioners, agents, and clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty
by faithful service in the armies of the Union during the rebellion.
And all persons appointed to service under this act and the act to
which this is an amendment shall be so far deemed in the military
service of the United States as to be under the military jurisdiction
and entitled to the military protection of the Government while in the
discharge of the duties of their office.

Sec. 4. That officers of the Veteran Keserve Corps or of the volun-
teer service now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant
commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in other capacities, whose
regiments or corps have been or may hereafter be mustered out of
service, may be retained upon such duty as officers of said Bureau,
with the same compensation as is now provided by law for their
respective grades; and the Secretary of War shall have power to fill
vacancies until other officers can be detailed in their places without
detriment to the public service.

Sec. 5. That the second section of the act to which this is an amend-
ment shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to issue such
medical stores or other supplies and transportation and afford such
medical or other aid as may be needful for the purposes named in said
section: Provided, That no person shall be deemed " destitute," "suf-.
fering," or "dependent upon the Government for support," within
the meaning of this act, who is able to find employment, and could, by
proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution, suffering, or

dependence.

* * *

Sec. 9. That the assistant commissioners for South Carolina and
Georgia are hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in their
n -pective States which are claimed under the provisions of General
Sherman's special field order, and to give each person having a valid
claim a warrant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Carolina
for twenty acres of land, and the said direct tax commissioners shall
issue to every person, or to his or her heirs, but in no case to any
assigns, presenting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land, as
provided for in section seven, for the term of six years; but at any
time thereafter, upon the payment of a sum not exceeding one dollar

S. Doc. 229 42

658 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

and fifty cents per acre, the person holding such lease shall be entitled
to a certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres from the direct tax
commissioners or such officer as may be authorized to issue the same;
but no warrant shall be held valid longer than two years after the issue

of the same.

* * *

Sec. 12. That the commissioner shall have power to seize, hold, use,
lease, or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands appertaining to
the same, or otherwise, formerly held under color of title by the late
so-called Confederate States, and not heretofore disposed of by the
United States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for the same by
any person or persons, and to use the same or appropriate the proceeds
derived therefrom to the education of the freed people; and whenever
the Bureau shall cease to exist such of said so-called Confederate States
as shall have made provision for the education of their citizens with-
out distinction of color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended
of such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed among said States
for educational purposes in proportion to their population.

Sec. 13. That the commissioner of this Bureau shall at all times
cooperate with private benevolent associations of citizens in aid of
f reedmen, and with agents and teachers duly accredited and appointed
by them, and shall hire or provide by lease buildings for purposes of
education whenever such association shall, without cost to the Govern-
ment, provide suitable teachers and means of instruction; and he shall
furnish such protection as may be required for the safe conduct of
such schools.

Sec. 14. That in every State or district where the ordinary course
of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until
the same shall be fully restored, and in every State or district whose
constitutional relations to the Government have been practically dis-
continued by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been restored
in such relations and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the
United States, the right to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be
parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and
convey real and personal property, and to have full and equal benefit
of all laws and proceedings concerning personal liberty, personal
security, and the acquisition, enjoyment, ana disposition of estate, real
and personal, including the constitutional right to bear arms, shall be
secured to and enjoyed by all the citizens of such State or district, with-
out respect to race or color or previous condition of slavery. And when-
ever in either of said States or districts the ordinary course of judicial
proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same
shall be fully restored, and until such State shall have been restored
in its constitutional relations to the Government and shall be duly
represented in the Congress of the United States, the President shall,
through the commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and under such
rules and regulations as the President, through the Secretary of War,
shall prescribe, extend military protection and have military jurisdic-
tion over all cases and questions concerning the free enjoyment of
such immunities and rights; and no penalty or punishment for any
violation of law shall be imposed or permitted because of race or color
or previous condition of slavery, other or greater than the penalty or
punishment to which white persons may be liable by law for the like
offense. But the jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the officers
of the bureau shall not exist in any State where the ordinary course of

BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 659

judicial proceedings has not been interrupted by the rebellion, and
shall cease in every State when the courts of the State and the United
States are not disturbed in the peaceable course of justice, and after
such State shall be fully restored in its constitutional relations to the
Government and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the
United States.

Sec. 15. That all officers, agents, and employees of this bureau,
before entering upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath pre-
scribed in the first section of the act to which this is an amendment,
and all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act
are hereby repealed.

Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 486).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other purposes.

Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty ... of the Freedmen's
Bureau to prohibit and prevent whipping or maiming of the person
as a punishment for any crime, misdemeanor, or offense, by any pre-
tended civil or military authority in any State lately in rebellion until
the civil government of such State shall have been restored and shall
have been recognized by the Congress of the United States.

Act of March 2, 1867 {14 Stats., 546).

AN ACT to regulate the disposition of an irregular fund in the custody of the

Freedmen's Bureau.

Whereas the Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen,
and Abandoned Lands reports a retained bounty fund, derived from a
portion of the State bounties of certain colored soldiers enlisted in
Virginia and North Carolina during the years eighteen hundred and
sixty-four and eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and by virtue of
General Order Number Ninety, Department of Virginia and North
( urolina, series of eighteen hundred and sixty-four, holden by the
superintendent of freedmen's affairs, but turned over to the said freed-
men's bureau upon its organization; and whereas the said commissioner
has in his possession the names of those soldiers from whom the .said
money was taken; and whereas he has uniformly returned the same
upon the application or discovery of legal representatives, but retains
a considerable portion thereof belonging to soldiers who are either
deceased or who can not be found: Therefore,

That the said Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen,
and Abandoned Lands, or his successor in office, be, and he is hereby,
constituted the lawful custodian of said retained bounty fund, and
appointed trustee of the same for the benefit of said colored soldiers
or their lawful representatives.

Sec. 2. That the said commissioner be, and he is hereby, specially
authorized and empowered to invest the said fund, or any portion
thereof, in bonds or the United States for the exclusive benefit of the
said colored soldiers or their legal representatives: Pronh/nl, however,
That a sufficient amount of the same in cash be retained uninvested to

660 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

meet all lawful claims thereupon that will probably be presented for
payment: And provided farther, That any portion of the said fund
which may remain unexpended when the said bureau shall cease to
exist shall be accounted for b}^ said commissioner to the Treasury of
the United States.

Resolution of March 29, 1867 (15 Stats., 26).

A RESOLUTION in reference to the collection and payment of moneys due colored
soldiers, sailors, and marines, or their heire.

Resolvedby the Senate and House of Representatives oftlce United States
of America in Congress assembled, That all checks and treasury certifi-
cates to be issued in the settlement of claims for pay, bounty, prize
monej', or other moneys due to colored soldiers, sailors, or marines,
or their legal representatives now residing, or who may have resided,
in any State in which slavery existed in the year eighteen hundred
and sixty, the claim for which has been or may be prosecuted by an
agent or attorney, shall be made payable to the commissioner of the
Freedmen's Bureau, who shall pay the said agent or attorney his
lawful fees and expenses, and shall hold the balance subject to the
order of the claimants on satisfactory identification; but no money
shall be paid to any person except the claimant or his or her legal
representatives, if deceased; nor shall any power of attorney, transfer,
or assignment of the amount of said claims, or any part thereof, be
recognized or allowed hy the commissioner, or by any officer or agent
acting under him; and it shall be the duty of the said commissioner,
the officers and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau, to facilitate as far
as possible the discovery, identification, and payment of the claimants.

Sec. 9,. And be it further resolved, That the commissioner of the
Freedmen's Bureau shall be held responsible for the safe custody and
faithful disbursement of the funds herebv intrusted to him. . . .

Resolution of March 30, 1867 (IS Stats., 28).

A RESOLUTION for the relief of the destitute in the Southern and Southwestern

States.

Resolvedby the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and
hereby is, empowered and directed to issue supplies of food sufficient
to prevent starvation and extreme want to ai^ and all classes of des-
titute or helpless persons of the people in those Southern and South-
western States where a failure of the crops and other causes have
occasioned widespread destitution ; that the issues be through the Freed-
men's Bureau, under such regulations as the Secretary of War shall
prescribe. And to that end the Secretary of War is hereby authorized
and directed, through the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, to
apply so much as he may deem necessary for the purposes aforesaid of
the unexpended moneys heretofore appropriated to supply freedmen
and refugees with provisions or rations: Provided, That the expendi-
ture shall not extend beyond the present appropriations already made
for the Freedmen's Bureau.

BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 661

Resolution of January 31, 1868 (15 Stats., 21/fi).

JOINT RESOLUTION for the relief of destitute persons in the South.

That the Secretary of War be hereby authorized to issue, for the
relief of any and all classes of destitutes in the South, such desiccated
potatoes and desiccated mixed vegetables as have accumulated during;
the war and are not needed for use in the Army; the same to be issued
under the direction of the commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees,
Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.

March 10, 1868 (15-41)- Commissioner of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned
Lands charged with expenditure of the $15,000 appropriated for the relief of the
destitute in the District of Columbia.

Act of July 6, 1868 (IS Stats., 83).

AN ACT to continue the Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees, and for

other purposes.

That the act entitled " An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of
Freedmen and Refugees," approved March three, eighteen hundred
and sixty -five, and the act entitled "An act to continue in force and to
amend 'An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and
Refugees,' and for other purposes," passed on the sixteenth of July,
anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-six, shall continue in force
for the term of one year from and after the sixteenth of July, in the
year one thousand eight hundred and sixty -eight, excepting so far as
the same shall be herein modified. And the Secretary of War is hereb}^
directed to reestablish said bureau where the same has been wholly or
in part discontinued: Provided, [That] he shall be satisfied that the
personal safety of freedmen shall require it.

Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of War to dis-
continue the operations of the bureau in any State whenever such
State shall be full}' restored in its constitutional relations with the
Government of the United States, and shall be duly represented in the
Congress of the United States, unless, upon advising with the com-
missioner of the bureau, and upon full consideration of the condition
of freedmen's affairs in such State, the Secretary of War shall be of
opinion that the further continuance of the bureau shall be necessary:
Provided, however, That the educational division of said bureau shall
not be affected, or in any way interfered with, until such State shall
have made suitable provision for the education of the children of
freedmen within said State.

Sec. 3. That unexpended balances in the hands of the commissioner
not required otherwise for the due execution of the law may be, in the
discretion of the commissioner, applied for the education of freedmen
and refugees, subject to the provisions of laws applicable thereto.

Sec. 4. That officers of the Veteran Reserve Corps, or of the volun-
teer service, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant com-
missioners, agents, medical ofticers, or in other capacities, who have
been or may l>e mustered out of service, may be retained by the com-
missioner, when the same shall be required for the proper execution
of the laws, as officers of the bureau, upon such duty and with the
same pay, compensation, and all allowances, from the date of their
appointment, as now provided by law for their respective grades and

662 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

duties at the dates of their muster out and discharge; and such officers
so retained shall have, respectively, the same authority and jurisdiction
as now conferred upon 'officers of the bureau" by act of Congress
passed on the sixteenth of July, in the year eighteen hundred and
sixty -six.

Sec. 5. That the commissioner is hereby empowered to sell for cash,
or by installments with ample security, school buildings and other
buildings constructed for refugees and freedmen by the bureau, to the
associations, corporate bodies, or trustees who now use them for pur-
poses of education or relief of want, under suitable guarantees that
the purposes for which such buildings were constructed shall be
observed: Provided, That all funds derived therefrom shall be returned
to the bureau appropriation and accounted for to the Treasury of the
United States.

Act of July 25, 1868 (15 Stats., 193).
AN ACT relating to the Freedmen's Bureau, and providing for its discontinuance.

That the duties and powers of Commissioner of the Bureau for the
Relief of Freedmen and Refugees shall continue to be discharged by the
present commissioner of the bureau, and in case of vacancy in said
office occurring by reason of his death or resignation, the same shall
be filled by appointment of the President on the nomination of the
Secretary of War, and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and
no officer of the Army shall be detailed for service as commissioner or
shall enter upon the duties of commissioner unless appointed by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate; and all assistant commis-
sioners, agents, clerks, and assistants shall be appointed by the Secre-
tary of War, on the nomination of the commissioner of the bureau.
In case of vacancy in the office of commissioner happening during
the recess of the Senate, the duties of commissioner shall be discharged
by the acting assistant adjutant-general of the bureau until such vacancy
can be filled.

Sec. 2. That the commissioner of the bureau shall, on the first day
of January next, cause the said bureau to be withdrawn from the sev-
eral States within which said bureau has acted, and its operations shall
be discontinued. But the educational department of the said bureau,
and the collection and payment of moneys due the soldiers, sailors, and
marines, or their heirs, shall be continued as now provided by law until
otherwise ordered by act of Congress.

Act of April 7, 1869 (16 Stats., 8).

AN ACT relating to freedmen's hospitals.

That the commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen is
authorized and directed to continue the freedmen's hospitals at Rich-
mond, Virginia; Vicksburg, Mississippi; and in the District of Colum-
bia, including the asylum for aged and infirm freedmen and for orphan
children: Provided, That the expense thereof shall be paid by the com-
missioner out of moneys heretofore appropriated for the use of the
bureau: And provided further, That said hospitals shall be discon-
tinued as soon as may be practicable in the discretion of the President
of the United States.

BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 668

Act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stats., 347). !

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for
other purposes.

* *

Bureauof * Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. . . . Pro-
vided, That the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
shall be discontinued from and after June thirtieth, eighteen hundred
and seventy -two. . . .

* * *

December 15, 1877 {20-7) . In the event of the work of collecting and paying
bounty and other claims of colored soldiers and sailors not being finished before
January 1, 1879, the bureau to be closed and all papers connected therewith to be
turned over to the Paymaster-General.

'The unfinished business of the bureau was turned over to the Adjutant-General
July 1, 1872. The bureau of colored troops, in his office, was finally closed June
30, 1879.

PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL'S BUREAU.

Mar. 17, 1863. Col. (Brig. Gen., April 21, 1864) James B. Fry (Illinois).
Aug. 28, 1866. Bureau discontinued.

665

PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 731).

AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes.
* * *

Sec. 4. That for greater convenience in enrolling, calling out, and
organizing the national forces, and for the arrest of deserters and spies
of the enenry, the United States shall be divided into districts, of which
the District of Columbia shall constitute one, each Territory of the
United States shall constitute one or more, as the President shall direct,
and each Congressional district of the respective States, as fixed by a
law of the State next preceding the enrollment, shall constitute one:
Provided, That in States which have not by their laws been divided
into two or more Congressional districts, the President of the United
States shall divide the same into so many enrollment districts as he
may deem fit and convenient.

Sec. 5. That for each of said districts there shall be appointed by
the President a provost-marshal, with the rank, pay, and emoluments
of a captain of cavalry, or an officer of said rank shall be detailed by
the President, who shall be under the direction and subject to the
orders of a Provost-Martial-General, appointed or detailed by the
President of the United States, whose office shall be at the seat of gov-
ernment, forming a separate bureau of the War Department, and whose
rank, pay, and emoluments shall be those of a colonel of cavalry.

Sec. 6. That it shall be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General,
with the approval of the Secretary of War, to make rules and regula-
tions for the government of his subordinates; to furnish them with
the names and residences of all deserters from the Army, or any of
the land forces in the service of the United States, including the
militia, when reported to him by the commanding officers; to com-
municate to them all orders of the President in reference to calling out
the national forces; to furnish proper blanks and instructions for
enrolling and drafting; to file and preserve copies of all enrollment lists;
to require stated reports of all proceedings on the part of his subordi-
nates; to audit all accounts connected witn the service under his direc-
tion; and to perform such other duties as the President may prescribe
in carrying out the provisions of this act.

Sec. 7. That it shall be the duty of the provost -marshals to arrest
all deserters, whether regulars, volunteers, militiamen, or persons
called into the service under this or any other act of Congress, wher-
ever they may be found, and to send them to the nearest military
commander or military post; to detect, seize, and confine spies of the

667

668 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF CI. S. ARMY.

enemy, who shall, without unreasonable delay, be delivered to the cus-
tody of the general commanding the department in which they may be
arrested, to be tried as soon as the exigencies of the service permit;
to obey all lawful orders and regulations of the Provost-Marshal-
General, and such as may be prescribed by law, concerning the enroll-
ment and calling into service of the national forces.

Sec. 8. That in each of said districts there shall be a board of
enrollment, to be composed of the provost-marshal, as president, and
two other persons, to be appointed by the President of the United
States, one of whom shall be a licensed and practicing physician and
surgeon.

Sec. 9. That it shall be the duty of the said board to divide the dis-
tricts into subdistricts of convenient size, if they shall deem it neces-
sary, not exceeding two, without the direction of the Secretary of
Wai , and to appoint, on or before the tenth day of March next, and
in each alternate year thereafter, an enrolling officer for each subdis-
trict and to furnish him with proper blanks and instructions; and he
shall immediately proceed to enrol all persons subject to military duty,
noting their respective places of residence, ages on the first day of
July following, and their occupation, and shall, on or before the first
day of April, report the same to the board of enrolment, to be con-
solidated into one list, a copy of which shall be transmitted to the Pro-
vost-Marshal-General on or before the first day of May succeeding the
enrolment: Provided, nevertJieless, That if, from any cause, the duties
prescribed by this section can not be performed within the time speci-
fied, then the same shall be performed as soon thereafter as practicable.

Sec. 10. That the enrolment of each class shall be made separately,
and shall only embrace those whose ages shall be on the first day of
July thereafter between twenty and forty-five years.

Sec. 11. That all persons thus enrolled shall be subject, for two
years after the first day of July succeeding the enrollment, to be called
into the military service of the United States, and to continue in service
during the present rebellion, not, however, exceeding the term of three
years; and when called into service shall be placed on the same foot-
ing, in all respects, as volunteers for three years or during the war,
including advance pa} r and bounty as now provided by law.

Sec. 12. That whenever it may be necessary to call out the national
forces for military service, the President is hereby authorized to assign
to each district the number of men to be furnished by said district;
and thereupon the enrolling board shall, under the direction of the
President, make a draft of the required number, and fifty per cent in
addition, and shall make an exact and complete roll of the names of
the persons so drawn, and of the order in which they were drawn, so
that the first drawn may stand first upon the said roll, and the second
may stand second, and so on. And the person so drawn shall be noti-
fied of the same within ten days thereafter by a written or printed
notice, to be served personally or by leaving a copy at the last place
of residence, requiring them to appear at a designated rendezvous to
report for duty. In assigning to the districts the number of men to
be furnished therefrom, the President shall take into consideration
the number of volunteers and militia furnished by and from the several
States in which said districts are situated, and the period of their serv-
ice since the commencement of the present rebellion, and shall so make
said assignment as to equalize the numbers among the districts of the

provost-marshal-general's bureau. 669

several States, considering and allowing for the numbers already fur-
nished as aforesaid and the time of their service.

Sec. 13. That any person drafted and notified to appear as afore-
said may. on or before the day fixed for his appearance, furnish an
acceptable substitute to take his place in the draft, or he may pay to
such person as the Secretary of War may authorize to receive it, such
sum, not exceeding three hundred dollars, as the Secretary may deter-
mine, for the procuration of such substitute, which sum shall be fixed
at a uniform rate by a general order made at the time of ordering a
draft for any State or Territory; and thereupon such person so fur-
nishing the substitute, or paying the money, shall be discharged from
further liability under that draft. And any person failing to report
after due service of notice as herein prescribed, without furnishing
a substitute, or paying the required sum therefor, shall be deemed a
deserter, and shall be arrested by the provost-marshal and sent to the
nearest military post for trial by court-martial, unless, upon proper
showing that he is not liable to do military duty, the board of enrol-
ment shall relieve him from the draft.

Sec. 14. That all drafted persons shall, on arriving at the rendezvous,
be carefully inspected by the surgeon of the board, who shall truly
report to the board the physical condition of each one; and all persons
drafted and claiming exemption from military duty on account of dis-
ability, or any other cause, shall present their claims to be exempted
to the board, whose decision shall be final.

Sec. 15. That any surgeon charged with the duty of such inspection
who shall receive from any person whomsoever any money or other
valuable thing, or agree, directly or indirectly, to receive the same to
his own or another's use for making an imperfect inspection or a false
or incorrect report, or who shall wilfully neglect to make a faithful
inspection and true report, shall be tried by a court-martial, and, on
conviction thereof, be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dol-
lars nor less than two hundred, and be imprisoned at the discretion of
the court, and be cashiered and dismissed from the service.

Sec. 16. That as soon as the required number of able-bodied men
liable to do military duty shall be obtained from the list of those
drafted, the remainder shall be discharged. And all drafted persons
reporting at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed travelling pay
from their places of residence; and all persons discharged at the place
of rendezvous shall be allowed travelling pay to their places of resi-
dence; and all expenses connected with the enrollment and draft,
including subsistence while at the rendezvous, shall be paid from the
appropriation for enrolling and drafting, under such regulations as the
President of the United States shall prescribe; and all expenses con-
nected with the arrest and return of deserters to their regiments, or
such other duties as the provost-marshals shall be called upon to per-
form, shall be paid from the appropriation for arresting deserters,
under sicck regulations as the President of the United States shall pre-
scribe: Provided, The provost-marshals shall in no case receive com-
mutation for transportation, or for fuel and quarters, but only for
forage, when not furnished by the Government, together with actual
expenses of postage, stationery, and clerk hire authorized by the
Pro vost-Marsnal-Gen e n 1 1 .

Sec. 17. That any person enrolled and drafted according to the pro-
visions of this act who shall furnish an acceptable substitute shall

070 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

thereupon receive from the board of enrollment a certificate of dis-
charge from such draft, which shall exempt him from military duty
during the time for which he was drafted; and such substitute shall
be entitled to the same pay and allowances provided by law as if he
had been originally drafted into the service of the United States.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 7U).

AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for
the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year
ending the 30 [th] of June, 1863, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 5. That the surgeon and the citizen at large, who are, with the
provost-marshal, to form the enrolling board of each Congressional
district, shall receive the compensation of an assistant surgeon of the
army, excluding commutation for fuel and quarters, for the time
actually employed; . . .

Act of February H, 1$U (13 Stats., 6).

AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national
forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and
sixty-three.

That the President of the United States shall be authorized, when-
ever he shall deem it necessary, during the present war, to call for
such number of men for the military service of the United States as
the public exigencies may require.

Sec. 2. That the quota of each ward of a city, town, township, pre-
cinct, or election district, or of a county, where the county is not
divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts,
shall be, as nearly as possible, in proportion to the number of men
resident therein liable to render military service, taking into account,
as far as practicable, the number which has been previously furnished
therefrom; and in ascertaining and filling said quota there shall be
taken into account the number of men who have heretofore entered
the naval service of the United States, and whose names are borne
upon the enrollment lists as already returned to the office of the
provost-marshal of the United States.

Sec. 3. That if the quotas shall not be filled within the time desig-
nated by the President, the provost-marshal of the district within
which any ward of a city, town, township, precinct," or election district,
or county, where the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships,
precincts, or election districts, which is deficient in its quota, is situ-
ated, shall, under the direction of the Provost-Marshal-General, make
a draft for the number deficient therefrom; but all volunteers who may
enlist after the draft shall have been ordered, and before it shall be
actually made, shall be deducted from the number ordered to be drafted
in such ward, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county.
And if the quota of any district shall not be filled by the draft made in
accordance with the provisions of this act, and the act to which it is an
amendment, further drafts shall be made, and like proceedings had,
until the quota of such district shall be filled.

provost-marshal-general's bureau. 671

Sec. 4. That any person enrolled under the provisions of the act for
enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes,
approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, or who may
be hereafter so enrolled, may furnish, at any time previous to the draft,
an acceptable substitute, who is not liable to draft, nor, at the time, in
the military or naval service of the United States; and such person so
furnishing a substitute shall be exempt from draft during the time for
which such substitute shall not be liable to draft, not exceeding the
time for which such substitute shall have been accepted.

Sec. 5. That any person drafted into the military service of the United
States may, before the time fixed for his appearance for duty at the
draft rendezvous, furnish an acceptable substitute, subject to such rules
and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War; that
if such substitute is not liable to draft, the person furnishing him shall
be exempt from draft during the time for which such substitute is not
liable to draft, not exceeding the term for which he was drafted; and if
such substitute is liable to draft, the name of the person furnishing him
shall again be placed on the roll, and shall be liable to draft on future
calls, but not until the present enrollment shall be exhausted; and this
exemption shall not exceed the term for which such person shall have
been drafted. And any person now in the military or naval service of
the United States, not physically disqualified, who has so served more
than one year, and whose term of unexpired service shall not at the
time of substitution exceed six months, may be employed as a substi-
tute to serve in the troops of the State in which he enlisted; and if any
drafted person shall hereafter pay money for the procuration of a sub-
stitute, under the provisions of the act to which this is an amendment,
such payment of money shall operate only to relieve such person from
draft in filling that quota; and his name shall be retained on the roll
in filling future quotas; but in no instance shall the exemption of any
person, on account of his pa} T ment of commutation money for the pro-
curation of a substitute, extend beyond one year; but at the end of
one year, in every such case, the name of any person so exempted
shall be enrolled again, if not before returned to the enrollment list
under the provisions of this section.

Sec. 6. That boards of enrollment shall enroll all persons liable to
draft under the provisions of this act, and the act to which this is an
amendment, whose names may have been omitted by the proper enroll-
ing officers; all persons who shall arrive at the age of twenty years
before the draft; all aliens who shall declare their intention to become
citizens; all persons discharged from the military or naval service of
the United States who have not been in such service two years during
the present war; and all persons who have been exempted under the

Erovisions of the second section of the act to which this is an amendment,
ut who are not exempted by the provisions of this act; and said boards
of enrollment shall release and discharge from draft all persons who,
between the time of the enrollment anu the draft, shall have arrived
at the age of forty-five years, and shall strike the names of such per-
sons from the enrollment.

Sec. 7. That any mariner, or able or ordinary seaman, who shall be
drafted under this act, or the act to which this is an amendment, shall
have the right, within eight days after the notification of such draft,
to enlist in the naval service as a seaman; and a certificate that he has
so enlisted being made out, in conformity with regulations which may

672 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

be prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, and duly presented to the
provost-marshal of the district in which such mariner, or able or ordi-
nary seaman, shall have been drafted, shall exempt him from such draft:
Provided, That the period for which he shall have enlisted into the
naval service shall not be less than the period for which he shall have
been drafted into the military service: A?id provided further, That the
said certificate shall declare that satisfactory proof has been made
before the naval officer issuing the same that the said person so enlist-
ing in the Navy is a mariner by vocation, or an able or an ordinary
seaman. And any person now in the military service of the United
States who shall furnish satisfactory proof that he is a mariner by
vocation, or an able or ordinary seaman, may enlist into the Navy under
such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the President of
the United States: Provided, That such enlistment shall not be for
less than the unexpired term of his military service, nor for less than
one year. And the bounty money which any mariner or seaman,
enlisting from the Army into the Navy, may have received from the
United States, or from the State in which he enlisted in the Army,
shall be deducted from the prize money to which he may become
entitled during the time required to complete his military service:
And provided further, That the whole number of such transfer enlist-
ments shall not exceed ten thousand.

Sec. 8. That whenever any such mariner or able or ordinary seaman
shall have been exempted from such draft in the military service by such
enlistment into the naval service, under such due certificate thereof,
then the ward, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county,
when the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts,
or election districts, from which such person has been drafted shall be
credited with his services to all intents and purposes as if he had been
duly mustered into the military service under such draft.

Sec. 9. That all enlistments into the naval service of the United
States, or into the Marine Corps of the United States, that may here-
after be made of persons liable to service under the act of Congress
entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and
for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-
three, shall be credited to the ward, town, township, precinct, or elec-
tion district, or county, when the same is not divided into wards, towns,
townships, precincts, or election districts, in which such enlisted men
were or may be enrolled and liable to duty under the act aforesaid,
under such regulations as the provost-marsnal-general of the United
States may prescribe.

Sec. 10. That the following persons be, and they are hereby, exempted
from enrollment and draft under the provisions of this act, and of the
act to which this is an amendment, to wit: Such as are rejected as
physically or mentally unfit for the service, all persons actual^ in the
military or naval service of the United States at the time of the draft,
and all persons who have served in the military or naval service two
years during the present war and been honorably discharged therefrom;
and no persons but such as are herein exempted shall be exempt.

Sec. 11. That section third of the "Act for enrolling and calling out
the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third,
eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and so much of section ten of said
act as provides for the separate enrollment of each class, be, and the
same are hereby, repealed; and it shall be the duty of the board of

provost-marshal-general's bureau. 673

enrollment of each district to consolidate the two classes mentioned in
the third section of said act.

Sec. 12. That any person who shall forcibly resist or oppose any
enrollment, or who snail incite, counsel, or encourage, or who shall
conspire or confederate with any other person or persons forcibly to
resist or oppose any such enrollment, or who shall aid or assist or take
any part in any forcible resistance or opposition thereto, or who shall
assault, obstruct, hinder, impede, or threaten any officer or other per-
son employed in making or in aiding to make such enrollment, or
employed in the performance or in aiding in the performance of any
service in any way relating thereto or in arresting or aiding to arrest
any spy or deserter from the military service of the United States,
shall, upon conviction thereof in any court competent to try the offense,
be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or by impris-
onment not exceeding five years, or by both of said punishments, in
the discretion of the court. And in cases where such assaulting,
obstructing, hindering, or impeding shall produce the death of such
officer or other person, the offender shall be deemed guilty of murder,
and, upon conviction thereof upon indictment in the circuit court of
the United States for the district within which the offense was com-
mitted, shall be punished with death. And nothing in this section con-
tained shall be construed to relieve the party offending from liability,
under proper indictment or process, for any crime against the laws of
a State committed by him while violating the provisions of this section.

Sec. 13. That the Secretary of War shall be authorized to detail or
appoint such number of additional surgeons for temporary duty in the
examination of persons drafted into the military service in any dis-
trict as may be necessary to secure the prompt examination of all
such persons and to fix the compensation to be paid surgeons so
appointed while actually employed; and such surgeons so detailed or
appointed shall perform the same duties as the surgeon of the board
of enrollment, except that they shall not be permitted to vote or sit
with the board of enrollment.

Sec. 14. That the Secretary of War is authorized, whenever in his
judgment the public interest will be subserved thereby, to permit or
require boards of examination of enrolled or drafted men to hold their
examinations at different points within their respective enrollment
districts, to be determined Ity him: Provided, That in all districts over
one hundred miles in extent, and in such as are composed of over ten
counties, the board shall hold their sessions in at least two places in
such district, and at such points as are best calculated to accommodate
the people thereof.

Sec. 15. That provost-marshals, boards of enrollment, or any mem-
ber thereof acting by authority of the board, shall have power to
summon witnesses in behalf of the Government and enforce their
attendance by attachment, without previous payment of fees, in any
case pending before them, or either of them; and the fees allowed for
witnesses attending under summons shall be six cents per mile for
mileage, counting one way; and no other fees or costs shall be allowed
under the provisions of this section; and they shall have power to
administer oaths and affirmations. And any person who shall wilfully
and corruptly swear or affirm falsely before any provost-marshal or
board of enrollment, or member thereof acting by authority of the
board, or who shall before any civil magistrate wilfully and corruptly

S. Doc. 229 43

674 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF D. S. ARMY.

swear or affirm falsely to any affidavit to be used in any case pending
before any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, shall on convic-
tion be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and imprisoned not
less than six months nor more than twelve months. The drafted men
shall have process to bring in witnesses, but without mileage.

Sec. 16. That copies of any record of a provost-marshal or board of
enrollment, or of any part thereof, certified by the provost-marshal
or a majority of said board of enrollment, shall be deemed and taken
as evidence in any civil or military court in like manner as the original
record: Provided, That if any person shall knowingly certify any false
copy or copies of such record, to be used in any civil or military court,
he shall be subject to the pains and penalties of perjury.

Sec. 17. That members of religious denominations, who shall by
oath or affirmation declare that they are conscientiously opposed to the
bearing of arms, and who are prohibited from doing so by the rules
and articles of faith and practice of said religious denomination, shall,
when drafted into the military service, be considered noncombatants,
and shall be assigned by the Secretary of War to duty in the hospitals,
or to the care of freed men, or shall pay the sum of three hundred
dollars to such person as the Secretary of War shall designate to
receive it, to be applied to the benefit of the sick and wounded soldiers:
Provided, That no person shall be entitled to the benefit of the pro-
visions of this section unless his declaration of conscientious scruples
against bearing arms shall be supported by satisfactory evidence that
his deportment has been uniformly consistent with such declaration.

Sec. 18. That no person of foreign birth shall, on account of alien-
age, be exempted from enrollment or draft under the provisions of
this act, or the act to which it is an amendment, who has at any time
assumed the rights of a citizen by voting at any election held under
authority of the laws of any State or Territory, or of the United States,
or who has held any office under such laws, or any of them; but the
fact that any such person of foreign birth has voted or held, or shall
vote or hold office as aforesaid, shall be taken as conclusive evidence
that he is not entitled to exemption from military service on account
of alienage.

Sec. 19. That all claims to exemption shall be verified by the oath
or affirmation of the party claiming exemption to the truth of the facts
stated, unless it shall satisfactorily appear to the board of enrollment
that such party is, for some good and sufficient reason, unable to make
such oath or affirmation; and the testimony of any other party filed
in support of a claim to exemption shall also be made upon oath or
affirmation.

Sec. 20. That if any person drafted and liable to render military
service shall procure a decision of the board of enrollment in his favor
upon a claim to exemption by any fraud or false representation practised
by himself or by his procurement, such decision or exemption shall be
of no effect, and the person exempted, or in whose favor the decision
may be made, shall be deemed a deserter, and may be arrested, tried by
court-martial, and punished as such, and shall be held to' service for
the full term for wnich he was drafted, reckoning from the time of his
arrest: Provided, That the Secretary of War may order the discharge
of all persons in the military service who are under the age of eighteen
years at the time of the application for their discharge when it shall
appearupon due proof that such persons are in the service without the

provost-marshal-general's bureau. 675

consent, either express or implied, of their parents or guardians: And
provided further, That such persons, their parents or guardians, shall
first repay to the Government and to the State and local authorities all
bounties and advance pay which may have been paid to them, anything
in the act to which this is an amendment to the contrary notwith-
standing.

Sec. 21. That any person who shall procure, or attempt to procure,
a false report from the surgeon of the board of enrollment concerning
the physical condition of any drafted person, or a decision in favor of
such person by the board of enrollment upon a claim to exemption,
knowing the same to be false, shall, upon conviction in any district or
circuit court of the United States, be punished by imprisonment for
the period for which the party was drafted.

Sec. 22. That the fees of agents and attorneys for making out and
causing to be executed any papers in support of a claim for exemption
from draft, or for any services that may be rendered to the claimant,
shall not, in any case, exceed five dollars; and physicians or surgeons
furnishing certificates of disability to any claimant for exemption from
draft shall not be entitled to any fees or compensation therefor. And
any agent or attorney who shall, directly or indirectly, demand or
receive any greater compensation for his services under this act, and
any physician or surgeon who shall, directly or indirectly, demand or
receive any compensation for furnishing said certificates of disability,
and any officer, clerk, or deputy connected with the board of enroll-
ment who shall receive compensation from any drafted man for any
services, or obtaining the performance of such service required from any
member of said board by the provisions of this act, shall be deemed
guilty of a high misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall, for every
such offense, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, to be recov-
ered upon information or indictment before any court of competent
jurisdiction, one-half for the use of any informer, who may prosecute
for the same in the name of the United States, and the other half for the
use of the United States; and shall also be subject to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding one year, at the discretion of the court.

Sec. 23. That no member of the board of enrollment, and no sur-
geon detailed or employed to assist the board of enrollment, and no
clerk, assistant, or emplo}^ee of any provost-marshal or board of
enrollment, shall, directly or indirectly, be engaged in procuring, or
attempting to procure, substitutes for persons drafted, or liable to be
drafted, into the military service of the United States. And if any
member of a board of enrollment, or any such surgeon, clerk, assist-
ant, or employee, shall procure, or attempt to procure, a substitute
for any person drafted, or liable to be drafted, as aforesaid, he shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction, be
punished by imprisonment not less than thirty days nor more than six
months, and pay a fine not less than one hundred nor more than one
thousand dollars, by any court competent to try the offense.

Sec. 21. That all able-bodied male colored persons between the ages
of twenty and forty-five years, resident in the United States, shall be
enrolled according to the provisions of this act, and of the act to
which this is an amendment, and form part of the national forces; and
\\ hen a slave of a loyal master shall bo drafted and mustered into the
service of the United States his master shall have a certificate thereof;
and thereupon such slave shall be free, and the bounty of one hun-

676 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

dred dollars now payable by law for each drafted man shall be paid
to the person to whom such drafted person was owing service or labor
at the time of his muster into the service of the United States. The
Secretary of War shall appoint a commission in each of the slave States
represented in Congress, charged to award to each loyal person to
whom a colored volunteer may owe service a just compensation, not
exceeding three hundred dollars for each such colored volunteer, paya-
ble out of the fund derived from commutations; and every such colored
volunteer on being mustered into the service shall be free. And in all
cases where men of color have been heretofore enlisted, or have vol-
unteered in the military service of the United States, all the provisions
of this act, so far as the payment of bounty and compensation are pro-
vided, shall be equally applicable as to those who may be hereafter re-
cruited. But men of color, drafted or enlisted, or who may volunteer
into the military service, while they shall be credited on the quotas of
the several States or subdivisions of States wherein they are respect-
ively drafted, enlisted, or shall volunteer, shall not be assigned as State
troops, but shall be mustered into regiments or companies as United
States colored troops.

Sec. 25. That the fifteenth section of the act to which this is amend-
atory be so amended that it will read as follows: That any surgeon
charged with the duty of such inspection who shall receive from any
person whomsoever any money or other valuable thing, or agree,
directly or indirectly, to receive the same to his own or another's use,
for making an imperfect inspection or a false or incorrect report, or
who shall wilfully neglect to make a faithful inspection and true report,
and each member of the board of enrollment who shall wilfully agree
to the discharge from service of any drafted person who is not legally
and properly entitled to such discharge, shall be tried by a court-
martial, and, on conviction thereof, be .punished b}^ a fine not less than
three hundred dollars and not more than ten thousand dollars, shall be
imprisoned at the discretion of the court, and be cashiered and dis-
missed the service.

Sec. 26. That the words "precinct" and "election district," as used
in this act, shall not be construed to require any subdivision for pur-
poses of enrollment and draft less than the wards into which any city
or village may be divided, or than the towns or townships into which
any county may be divided.

Sec. 27. That so much of the act entitled "An act for enrolling and
calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved
March third, eighteen hundred and sixty -three, as may be inconsistent
with the provisions of this act is hereby repealed.

Resolution of February % 186 % (13 Stats., lf.02).

A RESOLUTION relative to the transfer of persons in the military service to the

naval service. 1

First. That the provost-marshal-general be, and is hereby, directed
to enlist such persons as may desire to enter into the naval service of
the United States, under such directions as may be given by the Sec-
retary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, which enlistments shall
be credited to the appropriate district: Provided, nevertheless, Thatinas-

i Repealed by Act of June 3, 1864 (13-119) .

provost-marshal-general's bureau. 677

much as persons enlisted in the naval service receive prize money, per-
sons so enlisting shall not be entitled to receive any bounty upon their
enlistment. Second. That the President of the United States may,
whenever in his judgment the public service requires, authorize and
direct the transfer of persons who have been employed in sea service,
and are now enlisted in regiments for land service, from such regiments
to the naval service, upon such terms and according to such rules and
regulations as he may prescribe: Provided, nevertheless, That the
number of transfers from any company or regiment shall not be so
great as to reduce such company or regiment below the minimum
strength required b} r the regulations of the military service: And pro-
vided further, That such sum as may have been paid to persons so
transferred, as bounty for entering into the military service, shall be
transferred from the recruiting fund of the naval service to the credit
of the proper appropriation for the land service.

Act of April 21, 1864 {13 Stats., 54).

AN ACT to amend an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces so as to
increase the rank, pay, and emoluments of the provost-marshal-general.

That the rank, pay, and emoluments of the provost-marshal-general,
authorized b} r section five of said act, shall be those of a brigadier-
general.

Act of July 4, 1864 {13 Stats.,. 379).

AN ACT further to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the national
forces, and for other purposes.

Sec. 2. That in case the quota, or any part thereof, of any town,
township, ward of a city, precinct, or election district, or of any county
not so subdivided, shall not be filled within the space of fifty days after
such call, then the President shall immediately order a draft for one
year to fill such quota, or any part thereof which may be unfilled; and
in case of any such draft, no payment of money shall be accepted or
received by the Government as commutation to release any enrolled
or (I rutted man from personal obligation to perform military service.

Sec. 3. That it shall be lawful for the executive of any of the States
to send recruiting agents into any of the States declared to be in rebel-
lion, except the States of Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana, to recruit
volunteers under any call under the provisions of this act, who shall be
credited to the State, and to the respective subdivisions thereof, which
may procure the enlistment.

* * *

Sec. 6. That section three of an act entitled "An act to amend an
act entitled an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and
for other purposes," approved February twenty-four, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-four, be, and the same 18 hereby, amended, so as to
authorize and direct district provost marshals, under the direction of
the provost-marshal-general, to make a draft for one hundred per

678 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

centum in addition to the number required to fill the quota of any
district as provided by said section.

Sec. 7. That instead of traveling pay, all drafted persons reporting
at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed transportation from their
places of residence; and persons discharged at the place of rendezvous
shall be allowed transportation to their places of residence.

Sec. 8. That all persons in the naval service of the United States,
who have entered said service during the present rebellion, who have
not been credited to the quota of any town, district, ward, or State,
by reason of their being in said service and not enrolled prior to
February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, shall be
enrolled and credited to the quotas of the town, ward, district, or
State, in which they respectively reside, upon satisfactory proof of
their residence made to the Secretary of War.

. Sec. 9. That if any person duly drafted shall be absent from home
in prosecution of his usual business, the provost marshal of the dis-
trict shall cause him to be duly notified as soon as may be, and he
shall not be deemed a deserter, nor liable as such, until notice has been
given to him, and reasonable time allowed for him to return and report
to the provost marshal of his district; but such absence shall not other-
wise affect his liability under this act.

Sec. 10. That nothing contained in this act shall be construed to
alter or in any way affect the provisions of the seventeenth section of
an act approved February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
four, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled an act for enrolling
and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved
March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three.

Sec. 11. That nothing contained in this act shall be construed to alter
or change the provisions of existing laws relative to permitting persons
liable to military service to furnish substitutes.

Act of March 3, 1865 {13 Stats., 4#7).

AN ACT to amend the several acts heretofore passed to provide for the enrolling
and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes.

Sec. 13. That where any revised enrollment in any Congressional
or draft district has been obtained or made prior to any actual drawing
of names from the enrollment lists, the quota of such' district may be
adjusted and apportioned to such revised enrollment, instead of being
applied to or based upon the enrollment as it may have stood before
the revision.

Sec. 14. That hereafter all persons mustered into the military or
naval service, whether as volunteers, substitutes, representatives, or
otherwise, shall be credited to the State and to the ward, township,

Erecinct, or other enrollment subdistrict where such persons belong
y actual residence (if such persons have an actual residence within
the United States), and where such persons were or shall be enrolled
(if liable to enrollment); and it is hereby made the duty of the pro-
vost-marshal-general to make such rules and give such instructions
to the several provost marshals, boards of enrollment, and mustering
officers as shall be necessary for the faithful enforcement of the pro-
visions of this section, to the end that fair and just credit shall be given

provost-marshal-general's bureau. 679

to every section of the country: Provided, That in any call for troops
hereafter, no county, town, township, ward, precinct, or election dis-
trict shall have credit except for men actually furnished on said call
or the preceding call by said county, town, township, ward, precinct,
or election district, and mustered into the military or naval service on
the quota thereof.

Sec. 15. That in computing quotas hereafter, credit shall be given
to the several States, districts, and subdistricts for all men furnished
from them, respectively, and not heretofore credited, during the pres-
ent rebellion, for any period of service of not less than three months,
calculating the number of days for which such service was furnished,
and reducing the same to years: Provided, That such credits shall not
be applied to the call for additional troops made by the President on
the twenty -first day of December, eighteen hundred and sixty-four.

Sec. 16. That persons who have been, or may hereafter be, drafted,
under the provisions of the several acts to whicn this is an amendment,
for the term of one year, and who have actually furnished, or may
actually furnish, acceptable substitutes (not liable to draft) for the
term of three years, shall be exempt from military duty during the
time for which such substitutes shall not be liable to draft, not exceed-
ing the time for which such substitutes shall have been mustered into
the service, anything in the act of February twenty-fourth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-four, to the contrary notwithstanding.
* * *

Sec. 19. That in every case where a substitute is furnished to take
the place of an enrolled or drafted man, and it is shown by evidence
that shall be satisfactory to the Secretary of War that such substitute
was, at the time of his enlistment, known by the party furnishing him
to be non compos mentis, or in a condition of intoxication, or under
conviction or indictment for any offense of the grade of felony at the
common law, or to have been guilty of a previous act of desertion
unsatisfied by pardon or punishment, or, by reason of any existing
infirmity or ailment, physically incapable of performing the ordinary
duties of a soldier in actual service in the ranks, or minor between the
ages of sixteen and eighteen years, without the consent of his parent
or guardian, or a minor under the age of sixteen years, it shall be the
duty of the Provost-Marshal-General, on advice of the fact, to report
the same to the provost-marshal of the proper district; and if such per-
son so enlisted and incapable shall have been, since the passage of this
act, mustered into the service as a substitute for a person liable to
draft and not actually drafted, the name of the person so liable who
furnished such substitute shall be again placed on the list, and he shall
l>o subject to draft thereafter as though no such substitute had been
furnished by him; and if such substitute so enlisted and incapable as
aforesaid shall have been, since the passage of this act, mustered into
the service as a substitute for a person actually drafted, then it shall
be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General to direct the provost-
marshal of the dist rid immediately to notify the person who furnished
such substitute that he is held to service in the place of such substitute,
and he shall stand in the saire relation and be subject to the same lia-
bility as before the furnishing of such substitute.

Sec. 20. That in case any substitute shall desert from the army, and
it shall appear by evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that
the party furnishing such substitute shall have, in any way, directly

680 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

or indirectly, aided or abetted such desertion, or to have been privy
to any intention on the part of such substitute to desert, then such
person shall be immediately placed in the army, and shall serve for the
period for which he was" liable to draft, such service to commence at
the date of the desertion of the substitute.

* * *

Sec. [22.] That the third section of the act entitled " An act [further]
to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the national
forces, and for other purposes," approved July fourth, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-four, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.

Sec. [23.] That any person or persons enrolled in any subdistrict
may, after notice of a draft, and before the same shall have taken place,
cause to be mustered into the service of the United States such number
of recruits, not subject to draft, as they may deem expedient, which
recruits shall stand to the credit of the persons thus causing them to
be mustered in, and shall be taken as substitutes for such persons, or
so many of them as may be drafted, to the extent of the number of
such recruits, and in the order designated by the principals at the time
such recruits are thus as aforesaid mustered in.

* * *

Sec. [26.] That acting assistant surgeons, contract surgeons, and
surgeons and commissioners on the enrolling boards, while in the mili-
tary service of the United States, shall hereafter be exempt from all
liability to be drafted under the provisions of any act for enrolling and
calling out the national forces.

Sec. [27.] That this act shall take effect from and after its passage:
Provided, That nothing herein contained shall operate to postpone the
pending draft, or interfere with the quotas assigned therefor,

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).

AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

* * *

Sec. 33. That the Provost-Marshal-General's Office and Bureau
shall be continued only so long as the Secretary of War shall deem
necessary, not exceeding thirty days after the passage of this act.

* # #

July 28, 1866. By General Orders, No. 66, A. G. O., August 20, 1866, this Bureau
was ordered discontinued August 28, the business of the Bureau to be thereafter con-
ducted through the Adjutant-General of the Army.

Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 566).
AN ACT to revise, consolidate, and amend the laws relating to pensions.

That if . . . any provost-marshal, deputy provost-marshal, or

enrolling officer, disabled by reason of any wound or injury received

in the discharge of his duty to procure a subsistence by manual labor,

has been ... or shall hereafter be impaired by reason of such

disability, he shall, upon making due proof of the fact, ... be

placed upon the list of invalid pensioners of the United States 1 . . .
* * *

1 This provision is embodied in section 4693 of the Revised Statutes.

ajddeist:d.a.

Provisions selected while this work was going through the press, but too
late for insertion in their appropriate places.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132).

AN ACT fixing the military establishment of the United States.
* * *

Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled
to receive, for their daily subsistence, the following number of rations
of provisions: a colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations;
a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two
rations; ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said
officers ... at the posts respectively where the rations shall
become due; . . .

Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784).

AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States, and for other

purposes.

* * *

March 3, 1845 {5-732). Franking privilege abolished; accounts for official postage
to be paid from contingent fund of the bureau to which the officer belongs. By
Joint Resolution No. 13, of same date (5-800), this act was declared to take effect
July 1, 1845, and not sooner.

Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 731).

AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes.

* * *

Sec. 31. That any officer absent from duty with leave, except for
sickness or wounds, shall, during his absence, receive half of the pay
and allowances prescribed by law, and no more. . . .

681

682 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
Act of June 20, 186 '4 (13 Stats., 1U).

AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other

purposes.

Sec. 11. That the thirty-first section of an act entitled "An act for
enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes,"
approved March third, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, be,
and the same is hereby, so amended as that an officer may have, . . .
leave of absence for other cause than sickness or wounds without deduc-
tion from his pay or allowances: Provided, That the aggregate of such
absence shall not exceed thirty days in any one year.

Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332).
AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States.

Sec. 31. That all officers who have served during the rebellion as
volunteers in the armies of the United States, and who have been or
may hereafter be honorably mustered out of the volunteer service,
shall be entitled to bear the official title, and upon occasions of cere-
mony to wear the uniform of the highest grade they have held by brevet
or other commissions in the volunteer service. In case of officers of
the Regular Army the volunteer rank shall be entered upon the official
army register: Pro'oided, That these privileges shall not entitle any
officer to command, pay, or emoluments.

March 2, 1867 (U-434)The act of June 20, 1864 (13-144), increasing the pay of
enlisted men, not to be construed as to increase the emoluments of the commissioned
officers at the date of its passage. The first section of the act of March 3, 1865 ( 13-487 ) ,
relative to officers' servants, not intended to be retrospective or retroactive in its
operation.

Act of July 11, 1868 (IS Stats., 85.)

AN ACT prescribing an oath of office to be taken by persons from whom legal disa-
bilities shall have been removed.

That whenever any person who has participated in the late rebellion
. . . has been or shall be . . . appointed to any office or place
of trust in or under the Government of the United States, he shall,
before entering upon the duties thereof, instead of the oath prescribed
by the act of July two, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, take and sub-
scribe the following oath or affirmation:

I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend
the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and
domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that
I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or pur-
pose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties
of the office on which 1 am about to enter. So help me God.

ADDENDA. 683

Act of May 8, 181 % (18 Stats., 43).

AN ACT to amend the thirty-first section of an act entitled "An act for enrolling
and calling out the national militia, and for other purposes," approved March
third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three.

That all officers on duty at any point west of a line drawn north and
south through Omaha city, and north of a line drawn east and west
upon the southern boundary of Arizona, shall be allowed sixty days'
leave of absence without deduction of pay or allowances: Provided,
That the same is taken but once in two years: And provided further,
That the leave of absence may be extended to three months, if taken
once only in three years; or four months if taken once only in four
years.

Act of July 29, 1876 (19 Stats., 102).

AN ACT to amend an act approved May eight, eighteen hundred and seventy-four,
in regard to leave of absence of Army officers.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That an act approved May
eight, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, in regard tc leave of absence
of Army officers, be, and the same is hereby, so amended that all officers
on duty shall be allowed, in the discretion of the Secretary of War,
sixty days' leave of absence without deduction of pay or allowance:
Provided, That the same be taken once in two years: And provided
further, That the leave of absence may be extended to three months,
if taken once only in three years, or four months if taken once only in
four years.

This act shall take effect from and after its passage.

REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878.

Sec. 1205. Line officers may be transferred to the staff without prejudice to their
rank or promotion in the line; when they become entitled to a regimental grade
equal to that they hold in the staff, they must vacate either commission.

* * *

Sec. 1209. The President may confer brevet commissions for distinguished conduct
and public service in presence of the enemy.

* * *

Sec. 1218. No person who has served in any capacity in the military,
naval, or civil service of the so-called Confederate States, or of either
of the States in insurrection during the late rebellion, shall be appointed
to any position in the Army of the United States.

Sec. 1226. All officers who have served during the rebellion as vol-
unteers in the Army of the United States, and nave been honorably
mustered out of the volunteer service, shall be entitled to bear the
official title, and upon occasions of ceremony to wear the uniform of
the highest grade they have held, b} r brevet or other commissions, in
the volunteer service. The highest volunteer rank which has been
held by officers of the Regular Army shall be entered, with their names
respectively, upon the Army Register. . . .

684 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

Sec. 1756. Every person . . . appointed to any office of honor
or profit ... in the . . . military . . . service . . .
shall, before entering upon the duties of such office, and before being
entitled to any part of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take
and subscribe the following oath: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or
affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United
States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily
given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons
engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have neither sought, nor
accepted, nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office what-
ever, under any authority or pretended authorit}-, in hostility to the
United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pre-
tended government, authority, power, or constitution within the United
States hostile or inimical thereto, and I further swear (or affirm) that,
to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the
Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and
domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that
I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or pur-
pose of evasion, and that 1 will well and faithfully discharge the duties
of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God."

Sec. 1757. Whenever any person who ... is not able, on
account of his participation in the late rebellion, to take the oath pre-
scribed in the preceding section, he shall, before entering upon the
duties of his office, take and subscribe in lieu of that oath the following
oath: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and
defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, for-
eign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the
same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation
or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the
duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God."

* * *

Sec. 1860.

* *

Fourth. No person belonging to the Arnry . . . shall be elected
to or hold any civil office or appointment in any Territon r .

Sec. 3683. No part of the contingent fund appropriated to any bureau to be
applied to the purchase of any articles except such as the head of the Department
shall, in writing, direct to be procured.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

Act of June 23, 1879 (21 StaU., 30).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty, and for other purposes.

* * *

. Provided, That no allowance shall be made for claims for
quarters for servants heretofore or hereafter; and that the rate of
commutation shall hereafter be twelve dollars per room per month
for officers' quarters, in lieu of ten dollars, as now provided by law.

. . . Provided, That to the cost of all stores and other articles
sold to officers and men, except tobacco, as provided for in section one

ADDENDA. 685

thousand one hundred and forty-nine of the Revised Statutes, ten per
centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other

incidental charges.

* * *

Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 456).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end-
ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes.

* * *

. . . From and after the passage of this act, mileage to offi-
cers of the Army shall be computed over the shortest usually traveled
routes between the points named in the order, and the necessity for
such travel in the military service shall be certified to by the officer
issuing the order, and stated in said order.

;:- * *

Art of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 567).

AN ACT to amend section eighteen hundred and sixty of the Revised Statutes so as
not to exclude retired Army officers from holding civil office in the Territories.

That the fourth clause of section eighteen hundred and sixty of the
Revised Statutes of the United States be, and the same is hereby,
amended so as to read as follows:

"Fourth. No person belonging to the Army . . . shall be
elected to or hold any civil office or appointment in any Territory,
except officers of the Army on the retired list."

Act of If ay 13, 188 If. (23 Stats., 21).

AN ACT amending the Revised Statutes of the United States in respect of official
oaths, and for other purposes.

That section twelve hundred and eighteen of the Revised Statutes of
the United States be, and is hereby, amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 1218. No person who held a commission in the Army or Navy
of the United States at the beginning of the late rebellion, and after-
wards served in any capacity in the militaiy, naval, or civil service of
the so-called Confederate States, or of either of the States in insurrec-
tion during the late rebellion, shall be appointed to any position in the
Army ... of the United States."

Sec. 2. That section seventeen hundred and fifty -six of the Revised
Statutes be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and hereafter the oath
to be taken by any person . . . appointed to any office of honor
or profit ... in the . . . military . . . service, except
the President of the United States, shall be as prescribed in section
seventeen hundred and fifty-seven of the Revised Statutes. .

* * * .

Act of February 4, 1897 (29 Stats., bit).

AN ACT to authorize officen who served during the war of the rebellion In the

Regular Army to l>ear the title; and, <>n occasions of ceremony, wear the uniform
of their highest rank.

That all officers wlio have served during the rebellion as officers of
the Regular Army of the United Stairs, and have been honorably dis-
charged or resigned from the service, shall be entitled to bear the offi-
cial title and, upon occasions of ceremony, to wear the uniform of the

686 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U S. ARMY.

highest grade they have held, by brevet or other commission, as is now
authorized for officers of volunteers by section twelve hundred and
twenty-six, Revised Statutes.

The text on page 45 of the History of the General Staff, under the title

Act of May 28, 1898 {30 Stats., 1,21),

is that of (he

Act of June 29, 1898 {30 Stats., 525).

AN ACT to amend section ten of an act approved April twenty-second, eighteen
hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "'An act to provide for temporarily increasing
the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other
purposes."

The first section oftlie act of May 28, is as follows:

That section ten of an act of Congress, entitled "An act to provide
for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United
States in time of war, and for other purposes," approved April
twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, be, and the same
is hereby, amended by adding at the end thereof the following, to wit:
And provided, That officers of the Regular Army shall be eligible for
such staff appointments, and shall not be held to vacate their offices in
the Regular Army by accepting the same, but shall be entitled to
receive only the pay and allowances of their staff rank: . . .

THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

June 2, 1862 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to
make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts,
affidavits of returns, etc. , to secure uniformity in such instruments.

REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878.

X* -X* X

* * *

Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States
which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

* * *

Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts,
with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns
etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

* * *

STATUTES AT LARGE.

May 25, 1900 (31 ). Authorizes replacement of quartermaster supplies which

the volunteers from a State or Territory carried into the service of the United States
Army during the recent war with Spain, and which have been retained by the
United States.

ADDENDA. 687

THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

September 27, 1775.

Resolved, That the expense of kettles, canteens, and spoons, supplied to the soldiers
be charged to the continent.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

May 18, 1826 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or
of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage
to be charged against the responsible officer, unless he can show that the deficiency
or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part.

June 2, 1862 {12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to
make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts
affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments.

March 3, 1865 (13-495). Commissaries may sell rations on credit to officers in the
held, reporting monthly to the Paymaster-General the amounts due for such pur-

March 2, 1867 (14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the
Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal peiions- this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of 'debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878.

* * *

Sec. 1145. Commissaries may sell rations on credit to officers in the field report-
ing monthly to the Paymaster-General the amounts due for such purchases '

* * *

Sec-. 1277. One ration in kind or by commutation allowed to hospital matrons and
female nurses.

* * *

Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to
such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged
against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was
not occasioned by any fault on his part. - 6

* * *

Sec. 2110. Governs issue of rations to Indians who may visit the military posts or
agencies of the United States on the frontiers or in their respective nations.

* * *

Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States
which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons- this
not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts
incurred prior to March 1, 1861.

* * *

Sec. 3747 Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts
with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns
etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. '

* * *

STATUTES AT LARGE.

March 3,1881 (21-435) -All the old clothing now held for issue to the National
Jeer"** Id' Ver managers of the National Home for Disabled Volun-

April 23, 1901. . . .

Executive Mansion,
Washington, March 26, 1901.

In accordance with the provisions of section 40 'of the act entitled "An act to
increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United
States, 'approved February 2, 1901, which authorizes the President to "prescribe

.< kind and quantities of the component articles of the army ration, and to direct
1 he issue of substitutive equivalent articles in place of any such components when-
ever, in his opinion, economy ami a due regard to the health and comfort of the
Imv'Xn^SnecT followin g * promulgated for the information and guid-

The kinds and quantities of articles composing the army ration and the substi-

688 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

tutive equivalent articles which may be issued in place of such components shall be
as follows:

1. For troops in garrison (garrison ration).

Standard articles.

Substitutive articles.

Kinds.

Quantities.

Kinds.

Quantities.

Meat components

Bread components

Vegetable components 3

Dried (or evaporated)
fruit components. 8

Coffee and sugar com-
ponents.

Seasoning components . .

Soap and candle com-
ponents.

Fresh beef

Flour

Beans

Potatoes. . .

20 ounces

18 ounces
2f ounces

Prunes

rCoffee, green . .
ISugar

{Vinegar
Salt
Pepper, black . .

/Soap

(Candles 9

If ounces

lj| ounces
3J ounces
Agill.
if ounce.
5* B ounce,
if ounce.
& ounce.

Fresh mutton i

Bacon

Canned meat 3

Dried fish

Pickled fish

Canned fish

Soft bread

Hard bread 4

Corn meal

Pease

Rice

Hominy

Potatoes

Onions

Potatoes

Canned tomatoes

Potatoes

Fresh vegetables, not
canned. 6

Desiccated vegetables 7

Apples

Peaches

Roasted and ground

Tea, black or green

20 ounces.
12 ounces. 2
16 ounces.
14 ounces.
18 ounces.
16 ounces.
18 ounces.
16 ounces.
20 ounces.
2f ounces.
l| ounces,
f ounces.
12$ ounces.
3f ounces.
12| ounces.
3f ounces.
11 J ounces.
4$ ounces.

2f ounces.
If ounces,
if ounces.
1^ ounces.
A ounce.

/Vinegar & gill.

(Cucumber pickles A gill.

1 When the cost does not exceed that of fresh beef.

2 In Alaska 16 ounces of bacon, or, when desired, 16 ounces of salt pork or 22 ounces salt beef.

3 When impracticable to furnish fresh meat.

4 To be ordered issued only when impracticable to use flour or soft bread.

5 In Alaska the allowance of fresh vegetables will be 24 ounces instead of 16 ounces.

6 When they can be obtained in the vicinity or transported in a wholesome condition from a distance.

7 When impracticable to furnish fresh vegetables. In Alaska 3f ounces instead of 2f ounces.
8 Thirty per cent of the issue to be prunes when practicable.

9 When illumination is not furnished by the Quartermaster's Department. In Alaska & ounce
instead of j 8 5 ounce.

2. For troops in the field in active campaign (Held ration) .

Standard articles.

Kinds.

Quantities.

Substitutive articles.

Kinds.

Quantities.

Meat components .
Bread components

Vegetable components .

Fruit component

Coffee and sugar com-
ponents.

Seasoning components .

Soap and candle com-
ponents.

Fresh beef 1

{Flour
Baking powder 4
(Beans

[Potatoes 7

Jam

{Coffee, roasted
and ground.
Sugar

{Vinegar
Salt
Pepper, black...

/Soap

(Candles

20 ounces

18 ounces

if ounce.
2f ounces

If ounces.
1& ounces.

3f ounces.

Agi"

Jf ounce.
A ounce,
if ounce.
A ounce.

{Fresh mutton 2
Canned meat 3
Bacon

/Soft bread

(Hard bread

J Hops*

(Dried or compressed yeast 6 ..

Rice

/Potatoes 9"

(Onions'

Desiccated potatoes

! Desiccated potatoes
Desiccated onions
Desiccated potatoes
Canned tomatoes

Tea, black or green.

/Vinegar

(Cucumber pickles.

20 ounces.
16 ounces.
12 ounces.
18 ounces.
16 ounces.
R \, ounce.
^ ounce.
If ounces.
12f ounces.
3f ounces.
2 ounces,
iff ounces.
Jf ounce,
llf ounces.
3| ounces.

,& ounce.

Agi".
A g>H-

123789 When procurable locally. 3 When fresh meat can not be procured locally.

4 & When ovens are not available.

ADDENDA.

689

3. For troops when traveling otherwise than by marching, or when for short period* they are
separated from cooking facilities (travel ration).

standard articles.

Substitute articles.

J Quantities
Kinds. per 100
rations.

Kinds.

Quantities
per 100
rations.

I
Soft bread 112J pounds.

100 pounds.

Sugar 15 pounds.

4- For troops traveling on vessels of the United States Army transport service.

Food on transports for troops traveling will be prepared from the articles of sub-
sistence stores which compose the ration for troops in garrison, varied by the substi-
tution of other articles of authorized subsistence stores of equal money value when
required. No savings will be allowed to troops on transports.

5. For use of troops on emergent occasions in active campaign (emergency ration).

An emergency ration, prepared under direction of the War Department, will be
issued t<> troops on active campaign, but will not be used at any time or place where
regular rations are obtainable. It will be packed in a conveniently shaped package,
ami will be carried in the haversack or saddlebags and accounted for at inspection,
etc., by the soldier.

6*. Proportions of meat issues.

Fresh meats will ordinarily be issued seven days in ten and salt meats three days
in ten. If fish (dried, pickled, or canned) is issued, it will be in substitution of salt
meat. The proportions of the meat issues may be varied at the discretion of depart-
ment commanders, not, however, without due consideration being given to the equita-
ble rights of contractors engaged in furnishing fresh meats to the troops under their
commands.

7. Substitute when the issue of botfi fresh meat and vegetables is impracticable.

Whenever the issue of both the fresh meat and vegetable components is impracti-
cable, there may be issued in lieu of them canned fresh-beef -and- vegetable stew, at
the rate of 28J ounces to the ration.

William McKinley.

(General Orders, No. 56, A. G. 0.)

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

STATUTES AT LARGE.

March 16, 1802 (2-132). This act allows one ration each to such matrons and
nonet as may be necessarily employed in hospitals.

.1 /;/// 24, 1816 (3-297). Under this act garrison Burgeons and mates were to be
considered thereafter as post surgeons.

May is, 18/6 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or
of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or thai of damage to
be charged against the responsible 'officer, unless he can show that the deficiency or
damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part.

S. Doc. 229 44

690 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.

THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS.

October 16, 1775.

Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to all persons who are possessed of
the salt petre lately removed from Turtle Bay, on the island of New York, forth-
with to send the same to the president of the convention of New York, to be man-
ufactured into gunpowder, for the use of the Continental Army.

October 17, 1775.

Ordered, that the President write to the convention of New York and inform them
that it is the desire of the Congress that the sulphur in that city be immediately
removed to a place of safety.

October 25, 1775.

Information being given to Congress that there has been lately discovered, in the
colony of Virginia, a mineral containing a large quantity of saltpetre,

Ordered, That the delegates of Virginia send an express to enquire into the truth
of the fact, and to bring a sample of the mineral.

* * *

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several provincial assemblies, conven-
tions, or councils of safety, of the United Colonies, to export to the foreign West
Indies, on account and risk of their respective colonies, as much provisions or other
produce, except horned cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry, as they may deem neces-
sary for the importation of arms, ammunition, sulphur, and saltpetre.

THE SIGNAL CORPS.

Act of June 30, 1882 {22 Stats., 117).

AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year

ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other
purposes.

* * *

. . . Provided, That the allowance for commutation of quarters
. . . for officers and enlisted men of the Signal Service serving in
the Arctic regions, [shall be] the same in amount as though they were
serving in Washington, District of Columbia: . . .

INDEX.

Abandoned lands, Pa ?e.

use of, for refugees and freedmen 656

Abert, John,

mentioned 484

Abstracts,

of subsistence, when to be sent 325

Abuses,

committee to inquire into, in the Medical Department 368

respecting correction of, in Department of Military Stores 564

Academy (see Military Academy).
Accounts,

manner of keeping, how regulated 20

of subsistence, by whom signed 22, 325

weekly, to be sent to Congress ' 144, 246

( 4 funds received and expended, how made. . . 158, 200, 336, 408, 449, 462, 551, 578

of quotas of provisions from States, how settled 166

respecting, of officers of the Quartermaster's Department 175, 188

of contractors 191,309

form of, regulated 199, 336

in supply departments to be made quarterly 200, 336

of purchases and issues, how settled 257

for provisions and fuel, how made 290

respecting settlement of hospital 377, 379, 391, 396

of officers of the Hospital and Medical Departments 394, 397, 408

yearly, of apothecary to be settled within six months 399

Superintendent-general of military supplies to prescribe form of 407, 578

manner of keeping regimental pavmasters', regulated by the Secretary of

War 455

Paymaster-General to settle and adjust all 456

(see Paymasters; Commissary of army accounts.)

of ordnance and ordnance stores 553, 578

respecting, of prisoners of war 643, 644

for official postage 681

payment of, in favor of disloyal persons forbidden 54, 686, 687

Aceoi -ferments (see Leather; Deerskins),

may be issued to detachments of seamen or marines 202

(see Sappers and miners.)

to be stamped "United States" 546

neglect to deliver continental, punishable 546

States to api>oint persons to manufacture 553, 554

superintendent of military, appointed 554

how obtained ". 568

returns of, to be made 569

Acts ok Congrk .

provision! of, amended 28, 36, 37, 131, 424, 434, 473, 682, 683, 686

extended 36,72,73,74,203,216,218,219,340,463

construed 342,413,473,474,504,586,682

suspended 428

repealed in part 74,

78, 194, 203, 206, 209, 232, 331, 343, 344, 356, 403, 413, 414, 415,
466, 473, 502, 507, 511, 512, 519, 575, 583, 588, 689, 590, 696, 625

repealed 75, 102, 111, 129, 197, 199, I'D! . 208, 209,

335, 344, 350, 410, 415, 468, 469, 474, 498, 508, 578, 581 , 583, 590

691

692 INDEX.

Adams, , Page.

to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania and Jersey 381

Adams, John,

member of committee 87, 239, 364, 536

mentioned 121, 393

Adams, Samuel,

member of committee 87, 488, 535

Adams, Samuel,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

Adjutant and inspector (see Rank; Pay; Rations),

authorized 69,107

Adjutant and Inspector General (see Rank; Pay; Rations),

authorized 72, 109

to principal army to act as chief of staff 72, 109

letters to and from the, free of postage 72, 109

provisionally retained 72, 110

Adjutant-General (see Uniform; Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage
wagons),

authorized 53,57,68,69,70,72,73,75,76,79,80,81

appointed 53, 55, 58, 59, 64

appointment of, announced to the Army 53, 55

details of 56,57,61,62

arms in store deliverable on order of the 54, 143, 540

to make monthly returns to Congress 56, 57

certain regimental returns to the, discontinued 58

when appointed from the line 60

to be assistant inspector-general 62,69

(see Allowances.)

inspectors to act as 60, 63, 90, 96

to receive journals of Congress 63

how appointed 64, 77, 78

(see Half-pay.)

letters and packages to and from the, free of postage 71, 72

provisionally retained 72

franking privilege granted to the 73

to be a commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 75, 78, 79

to notify State authorities of details for ambulance duty 76

charged with certain duties relative to colored soldiers 78

mentioned 68, 73, 74

deputy, authorized 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 71

appointed 54,55,56,58,59,60,61,62,64

to make monthly reports and returns 55

how appointed . 64

to appoint an assistant 65

assistant, appointed 56, 61 , 64

authorized 70,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81

how appointed 64, 69

to act as assistant inspector-general 78

mentioned 69

(see Vacancies. )
A dj ut ant-General' s Department,

how constituted 64, 65, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81

increased 73, 74, 76, 77, 80

reduced 74, 79

reduction of, repealed 74

no new appointments or promotions in the 77

(see Vacancies; Army Corps; Divisions; Brigades. )
Adjutant-General's Office,

respecting purchase of books, etc., for the 80

Advertisement,

for proposals for quartermaster supplies 214, 217, 225

ordnance and ordnance stores may be purchased without 604

Affidavits,

to insure uniformity Secretary of War to furnish blank forms of 419,

432, 509, 517, 590, 599, 686, 687
Agents (see Military agents; Clothier-general),

to be sent into each State to purchase goods 147, 151

purchasing, to obtain list of prices allowed 152, 375

INDEX. 693

Agents Continued. Page.

authorized for the Quartermaster's Department 155

purchase of forage 155

in each colony to superintend the making of saltpeter 537, 538

State to superintend manufacture of flints 541

superintendent of finance may suspend or remove 181

appoint, for purchase of supplies. 183, 296, 394, 564

to take the oath of fidelity 261

States to appoint, for sale of clothing to the troops 275

to impress clothing 275

stock and provisions 276

for the purchase of flour 278

meat 280

to be sent into each State to purchase medicines 370

in Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 657, 659

Agriculture,

observations and signals for the benefit of 614, 616

A IDS- DE-CAMP,

to be taken from the line; to perform duties of assistant adjutant-general. . 73
authorized for the Inspector-General 87, 96, 105, 106

Alaska (see Leave of absence),

pay of officers serving in, increased 10 per cent 47

Albany, X. Y.,

hospital in, mentioned 381,382

deputy paymaster-general at, appointed 453

Alden, Roger,

appointed brigade-major 58

mentioned 60

Alexander, ,

appointed brigade-major 61

Alexander, William (see Stirling, Lord).

Allen, Andrew,

member of committee 538

mentioned 243

Allowances (see Mileage; Traveling allowances; Commutation),

to officers regulated 20, 184

of the line detailed in the Inspector-General's Department 143

Quartermaster-General reduced 184

contractors for military supplies 191

purchasing commissaries 281, 282, 283

deputy paymasters 4 56

surveyor of ordnance 558, 562

Alsop, John,

member of committee 240, 241, 537

mentioned 142

Alvokd, Benjamin,

mentioned 443

Ambulances,

under control of medical director of army corps 420

allowance of 421

to be used only for the sick and wounded 422

Ambulance corps (see Details),

how organized 420

uniformed 422

Ammunition (see. Laboratory),

willful damage to, how punished 177, 308, 383, 561

committee to obtain 535, 537, 539

captured, how disposed of 641

care of, turned over to board of war 543

Pennsylvania ami the States south to lay up 544

in ard near Philadelphia put under General Putnam's control 548

magazines of, to l>e established i 545, 580

Issue of, to the Southern Army 563

how obtained 568, 690

returns of, to be made to Congress 509

purchase of 572, 674

respecting tests of improvements in 593

694 INDEX.

Ammunition Continued. Page.

purchased abroad admitted free of duty 604

may be issued to emigrants to certain Territories 586

purchased without advertisement 604

Ammunition wagons,

provided for each regiment 559

Anderson, Archibald,

appointed brigade-major 61

inspector 91

Anderson, John,

mentioned 484, 484

Andover Iron Works,

mentioned 550

Andrews, Timothy P.,

mentioned 443

Annapolis, Md.,

respecting removal of stores at 546

port and harbor of, to be fortified 573

Antiscorbutics,

for hospitals in Northern Department 368

Appalachicola, Fla.,

mentioned 501

Apothecaries (see Pay; Half pay; Rations; Forage; Land),

authorized 363,365,384,392,408,409

duties of 363,387,390,391,398,399

appointment of 365, 389, 395

how appointed 388

removal of medical stores by the 369

(see Vacancies. )

Apothecaries' mates (see Pay; Rations; Clothing),

authorized 370

Apothecary-General (see Pay- Rations; Clothing),

authorized 370,404,408

duties of -. 370

deputy, authorized 404

and his deputy, how appointed 404

letters to and from the, free of postage .' 408

assistant, authorized 409

and assistants to give bonds 410

mentioned 501

Appointments (see the several staff corps and military departments),

Commander in Chief to make, under rank of brigadier-general 12

submit list of his 12

(see Staff officers. )

further, in the staff prohibited . 42, 473, 494, 51 1, 593

respecting, for corps, division, and brigade staffs 45

relative to, of supernumerary junior lieutenants in the staff depart-
ments . 185,325,455,494,566

respecting certain, in authorized engineer regiments 527

officers of Regular Army not held as vacating their office by, in the vol-
unteer staff 686

A ppropriations,

under "Pay Department," except mileage, to constitute one fund 477

for the Subsistence Department to constitute one fund 357

no part of the, for the Ordnance Department to be used to pay freight

charges 807

for fortifications available until expended 602

Aransas Pass, Tex.,

respecting improvements at 526

Archer, Samuel B.,

mentioned 86

Arctic regions,

respecting commutation of quarters to officers and men in the 690

Arizona,

traveling expenses of California and Nevada volunteers discharged in 472

Arkansas,

arsenal in 584

no recruiting agents to be sent to 677

INDEX. 695

Arkansas River, "age.

respecting improvement of the 528

Arlington, Va.,

memorial bridge from Washington City to 526

Armament,

of certain fortifications 572

of port and harbor of Annapoli" 573

A km an i), Charles T.,

mentioned 103, 304

Arm chests,

to be provided for each regiment 559

Armistead, Walker K.,

mentioned 483

Armorers (see Pay; Master armorers),

appointment of 544, 545, 572, 579, 586

duties of : 551

dismissed 554

to be designated as ' ' corporals " 590

Armorer's department,

inquiry to be made into conduct of the 554

Armories (see National armories; Springfield Armory; Harpers Ferry
Armory),

respecting site for, on the Western waters 500, 582

establishment of 574

artificers, etc., in, exempted from jury duty 576

placed under direction of the Ordnance Department 580

civilian superintendents of, may be appointed 587, 588

pay of civil superintendents of 588

master armorers 588

superintendents of, to be ordnance officers 590

pay of officers employed in the 575

Arms (see Rifles; Patent arms; Muskets; Carbines; Contractors),

in store deliverable on order of the Adjutant-General 54, 143, 540

willful damage to, ho w punished ] 77, 308, 383, 561 , 580

for corps of sappers and miners 492

importation of 537, 538, 543, 690

captured, how disposed of 537, 541

of men leaving the service to be retained 537, 544

sick officers and men to be purchased 537

respecting purchase of 538, 539, 540, 572, 574

manufacture of 539, 543, 555, 563

care and custody of, lodged with Board of War 543

imported, how distributed or cared for 543, 546, 565

to be provided for cavalry 544

States requested to collect all, not in actual service 545

to be marked "United States" 546

respecting punishment for refusal to deliver 546

construction of magazines for '_ 547

measures to supply the Army with '. 548

arrival of imported 550

State of Virginia requested to loan 558

returns of, to be made .. 556, 557, 569

issues of, how made 559

removal of 545. 664

how obtained 568, 573

report on condition of 570

exportation of, prohibited 573i

importation of, to be free of duty 578

to be provided for the militia 574

deposited in certain arsenals on the western waters >7<;

depots of, to be established 580

issue of, to emigrants to certain Territories 586

national asylums 592

respecting contracts for manufacture of 588

alteration and improvement of 588

duty remitted on certain imported 590

sale of old or unsuitable 593

damage to, in hands of the troops to be reported 597

696 INDEX.

Armstrong, , Page.

accepted appointment of deputy commissary 246

Armstrong, John,

requested to inspect magazines of provisions 87, 253

Armstrong, John,

mentioned 1 76, 297

Army (see Officers),

appointments on the civil staff confer no rank in the 14

committee on retrenchment of expenses of the 14

(see Northern army; Southern army. )

mail matter for the, on Mexican frontier and in Mexico 31

committee to provide for the sick of the 369

innoculation in the, discontinued .393

arrears of payment of the, not to exceed two months 460, 461, 462

sale of stores prior to reduction of the 568

Army Corps,

staff officers of, how appointed 45, 112, 231, 348

of, how constituted 76, 79, 116, 211, 345, 348, 355, 591, 604, 625

ambulance service of 420, 421, 422, 423

Army Register,

retired officers to be borne on the 32, 40

Arnold, Benedict,

mentioned 245

Arrest,

warrant officers in the civil staff liable to 161, 293, 383, 490, 558, 644

officers of the Commissary Department liable to 257

Arsenals (see Naval arsenals; Manufactories; St. Louis Arsenal),

Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565

principal, where located 570

establishment of 572, 576, 578, 582, 583, 584, 588, 591 , 601

keepers of, to make returns to Ordnance Department 580

pay of officers employed in the 585

Articles of War,

to be distributed to the Army 54

considered by Congress 123

copies of the, to be countersigned by the Judge- Advocate of the Army... 123

Article 69 128

90 129,133

9i 133

92 133

Artificers (see Pay; Clothing; Rations), .

necessary, how appointed 167, 174, 201, 544, 553, 579, 586

(see Harness makers; Collar makers; Wheelwrights.)

company of, authorized 18b

to have but one officer 560

corps of, how organized 198

regiment of, how organized 561

dissolved 563

removal to Carlisle of all, in Pennsylvania 562

(see Southern arm"*.)

necessary, at Springfield to be retained 565

guilty of neglect of duty, how punished 575

in armories exempted from jury duty . 576

reports of, to be made 578

may be attached to regiments, corps, or garrisons 580

respecting, of the Ordnance Corps in Mexico 586

to be designated as privates of the first class 591

Artificial limbs,

Surgeon-General to furnish 425,426,432

transportation to applicants for 221, 223, 226

Artillery (.see Light artillery; Field artillery; Commissary of artillery;
Conductor of artillery),

uniform of 16, 21

purchase of wagons for the 147

all sheepskins to be preserved for use of the 322, 565

a paymaster to be appointed to each battalion of 464

commanding officer of, to be member of subordinate board of ordnance. . . 553
arrange all business of the Ordnance Depart-
ment to be done in the field 556

INDEX. ' ' 697

Artillery Continued. Page.

commanding officer of, to determine details for laboratory work 557

mentioned 557, 558

allowances to commanding officer of 562

a field officer of, to superintend business at Carlisle 562

ammunition for the, in the Southern army 563

Ordnance Department, merged into the 581

act merging the Ordnance Department in the, repealed 583

transfer of officers of, to the Ordnance Department 584, 585

senior officer of, in Army Corps to act as chief of ordnance and artillery. . 591

Artillery-artificers,

commissions issued to officers of the 549, 554, 559

to be under command of commissary-general of military stores 552

pay of regiment of . 553, 560, 561, 562

appointments and promotions in regiment of 554, 559

organization of regiment of, reduced 563

Artillerymen,

respecting company of laboratory 550

Artillery yard,

respecting plan for an 544

Ashley, Moses,

appointed brigade major pro tempore 95

Asiatic cholera,

inquiry to be made into causes of 427

Ase 98M ents ( see Quotas) ,

of blankets to be made 252

Atlantic Ocean,

respecting deep waterways between the Great Lakes and the 526

AssiamcKNT,

of bounty land not recognized 11

retired officers to dutv 34

forbidden 36

at the Soldiers' Home authorized 37

certain officers with increased rank revoked 232,356

officers to duty in the Weather Bureau revoked 625

quota of men to be drafted in districts 668

ASSOCIATIONS,

Bureau of Refugees, etc. , to cooperate with benevolent 658

Asyum (see Military asylum).

Auditors (see Baggage wagons; Forage; Clothing),

duties of army 98

Autograph signatures,

written, required in exercising franking privilege 36, 38

Avery, Elisiia,

appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 263

pay and rations allowed to 245

mentioned ^ 265

Avi.ktt, William,

elected depttty commissary-general for the troops in Virginia 243

of purchases 262

salary increased to $75 per month 251

to purchase not exceeding 10,000 barrels of corn 251

mentioned 282

B.
Babcock, Orlando E m

mentioned 513

Bad>.

on whom conferred; how worn 21

may be worn on occasions of ceremony 36, 43, 44, 48

Baoqaoi w toom,

allotment of, to general officers and line officers 172, 186, 494

the Adjutant-General and assistants 63, 65, 172, 187

I n-|>ector-General and assistants 95, 102, 172, 187

Judge- Advocate and deputies 12^,127,172,187

officers of the Quartermaster's Department 172, 187

Department of Military Stores 172, 559

98 INDEX.

Baggage wagons Continued. Page.

allotment of, to the chief physician of the Army 388

commissaries of issues 308

purchases 308

prisoners 172, 187, 647

deputy paymasters 172, 187, 454, 456

army auditors 1 72

geographers 189, 495

Bailey, John,

mentioned 62

Baird, Absalom,

promotion of, in the Inspector-General's Department, authorized 113

mentioned 86

Bakers (see Pay; Rations),

superintendent of, appointed 253

all army, to be licensed by the superintendent 253

contracts to be made with, to bake flour into biscuits 264

State of Pennsylvania requested to detail, from the militia 264

company of, authorized 281

superintendent of, to make returns 318

Baltimore, Md.,

a quartermaster appointed for town of 153

respecting care of the sick in 370

paymaster appointed in 447

respecting deputy paymaster at , 449

removal of military stores at 546

Baldesqui, Joseph,

resignation accepted 451

mentioned 451

Baldwin, Jeduthan,

appointed engineer in the Continental Army 487

allowed pay and rank of lieutenant-colonel 485

to receive pay of colonel as heretofore 492

mentioned 490,494,563

Bancker, Everett A.,

mentioned 121

Band,

authorized for battalions of engineers 528

Bandages,

importation of, ordered 364, 365

Bank of Philadelphia,

requested to purchase cattle in lieu of flour 310

Banks, John,

appointment of, as conductor of artillery confirmed 568

Bankson, John,

appointed inspector pro tern 100

Bannister, Seth,

member of committee 283

Barber, William,

on the march, attached to General Mifflin's division 60, 90

to do duty of subinspector in General Lord Stirling's division 94

to undertake the subinspectorship of Hand's, Maxwell's, and Stark's

brigades .? "5

permitted, for the present, to decline duties of inspector 95

appointed to act as subinspector 89

division inspector 100

Barber, Nathaniel,

pay of, as deputy commissary of artillery 546

resignation accepted 563

Barker, Samuel Augustus,

to act as brigade-major 56

Barnes, Joseph K.,

mentioned 362

Barrack Master General,

pay of 151

t< > make return of his assistants 165

Barrack masters,

appointment of 143,181,198,201

discharge of 163

INDEX. 699

Barrack master's department, Page.

duties of officers of the, respecting articles furnished to Congress 157

supernumerary officers in the, to he discharged 166

' al olished 166

Barracks,

to 1 >e built where permanent magazines are estahlished 152

respecting building of 155,164,184,220

placed in charge of Quartermaster-General 163

to be provided for prisoners of war 640, 643

Barrels,

Flour, pork, and heef, how disposed of 275

Bartlett, John,

elected physician and surgeon-general of army in Northern Department.. 374
mentioned 362

Bartlett, Josiah,

Member of committee 247, 540

Batch elder, Richard N.,

mentioned 140

Bates, Alfred E.,

mentioned 443

Bathorses,

allotment of, to the Inspector-General 95, 172

Judge- Advocate and deputies 126, 1 72

officers of the Quartermaster's Department 172, 187

Department of Military Stores 1 72,

187, 567, 568

commissary of prisoners 172, 647, 651

brigade quartermasters 172

express postmaster and express rider 172, 187

Battalion paymasters,

authorized for the Corps of Artillery 464

Baxter, Jedediah H.,

mentioned _ 362

Baynton, John,

appointed deputy paymaster-general to the troops on the frontiers of Vir-
ginia and Pennsylvania 447

resigned 453

mentioned 453

Bayonets,

respecting manufacture of 537, 539, 543

good firelocks "without, not to be rejected 538

impressment of 548

Beackly, Christian,

commissioned first lieutenant of artillery artificers 549

Beacons,

sites for, to be determined by Topographic Bureau 505

Beatty, John,

elected commissary -general of prisoners 641

resignation accepted <>47

mentioned 637

Beatfokd, ,

mentioned 380

Bebee, James,

to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 401

mentioned 493

Bedding,

to be furnished to the troops 143

Bedford. Guhwihg,

appointed deputy muster master for the New York Department 631

promoted muster master general 682

mentioned 629

Bkdloe, Willi \.m,

mentioned 450

Beef flwe Cattle; Barrels),

exportation of, prohibited 251, 280

committee to provide fresh 268

States' quotas of 306, 312, 818, 8 1 4

how delivered and paid for 307, 316

,700 INDEX.

Beef Continued. Page.

part of quota of, from Maryland may be retained in that State 310

fresh, to be issued daily 322

Beer,

contracts to be made for supplying 265

Bell, John B.,

mentioned . _ 52, 86

Bell, William H.,

mentioned 238

Bells (see Church hells).

Belton, John,

to superintend the making and altering 100 muskets 547

Bexet, Stephen V.,

mentioned 534

Bernard, Simon,

to be assistant in the Corps of Engineers 499

to have rank of brigadier-general by brevet 500

Berrien, John,

appointed brigade-major 59

mentioned 59

Bethlehem, Pa.,

removal of military stores to 548

Biddle, Clement, '

elected deputy quartermaster-general 144

appointed commissary -general of forage 152

mentioned 144

Bills of credit,

depreciation of continental, to be remedied 17

Binding,

by the Public Printer not to exceed allotment to bureaus 44

Bixney, Barnabas,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

Bird, ,

mentioned 540

Biscuits,

flour to be baked into 264

respecting issue of captured 322

Blacksmiths (see Pay; Rations; Clothing),

company of, to be sent to camp 145

to be attached to ambulance corps of divisions 422

necessary, in Ordnance Department to be enlisted . 579, 586

to be designated as "corporals" 590

Blaine, Ephraim,

appointed to purchase blankets and shoes ! 243

commissary for Colonel Mackay ' s battalion 248

to the troops in Cumberland County, Pa 252

elected deputy commissary-general of purchases 265

commissary -general of purchases 303

to make returns of supplies furnished by each State 312

continued commissary -general of purchases 317

mentioned 238, 278, 303

Bland, Richard,

mentioned ,, 1 26, 398

Blaney, Aaron,

pay and rations allowed to, as issuing storekeeper 244

Blankets,

importation of 242, 251

purchase of 146,243,247,249,250,275

allowance to men bringing a good new, into camp 241 . 249

assessment of, recommended to State legislatures 252

price to be charged to enlisted men for ,,- - 268

issues of - pOl, :U' S

to be delivered to director-general of hospital 277, 376

Bleeker, Leonard,

to do the duty of inspector 1W

Blicker, James,

elected deputy commissary-general of issues -65

mentioned 265

INDEX. 701

Bloomfield, Moses, Page.

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

resignation accepted 390

mentioned .' 395

Board of Commissioners (see Soldiers' Home),

to investigate plan for reclamation of alluvial basin of Mississippi River.. 512
Board of Ordnance,

composition of subordinate 488, 553

Board of Ordnance and Fortification,

composition and duties of the 523, 602

Board of Treasury,

mentioned 163, 169, 175, 178, 190, 255, 259, 263, 277,

285, 294, 298, 302, 305, 326, 327, 328, 450, 452, 457, 551, 557, 562
Board of War,

reported a form of a commission for staff officers 14

to purchase six wagons, with horses and harness 147

superintend the civil departments of the Army 153

prepare regulations for the Quartermaster's Department 155

employ agents for the purchase of forage 155

number of wagoners enlisted and regulations inspecting them to be reported

to the 162

to superintend the Quartermaster's Department 165

procure from the Quartermaster-General returns of all officers, agents,

etc., of the department '. 165

discharge supernumerary officers in the barrack master's department. . 166

purchase covered wagons for the artillery 147

direct disposition of goods seized or contracted for in Philadelphia . . 159-290
suspend or dismiss all supernumerary officers in the Quartermaster's

Department 175

furnish the Southern army with tents 180

make contracts for supplying the Army with beer, vegetables, soap, etc. 265
cooperate with General Washington in effectual measures for supplying

the Army 268-548

(see Massachusetts Bay. )
inquire what measures have been taken by the Pennsylvania legislature

to lay up magazines 279

order purchases of flour and provisions, etc 280

employ agents to purchase meat 280

appoint directors and subdirectors of the company of bakers 281

make regulations for conducting the hides department 285

prepare instructions, etc., for the conduct of the clothier's department. 295
appoint commissaries of hides and make regulations for their govern-
ment 297

advise State executive powers of any considerable additions to stock of

clothing 299

give orders for supplying prisoners of war with indian meal in lieu of

flour 300

purchase leather 300

Hi]>erintend department of purchases and issues 302

furnish the Southern army with clothing and equipments 318

confer with minister from France respecting certain officers 489

frame regulations for the Corps of Engineers, etc 490

employ persons for the manufacture of flints - 541

cr mtract for a number of cannon of the new construction 546

relative to delivery of leather by the 547

authorized to purchase powder and military stores 547

relative to contracts for making steel 550

to inquire into conduct of the armorer's department 554

contract for muskets and bayonets -. 566

furnish certain military stores to the Southern army 563

ammunition and equipments to the artillery and cavalry in the

Southern army; employ artificers to repair arms 563

relative to officers and artificers at the Springfield laboratory 565

reports of 287, 291, 490, 49 1 , 51 K I

mentioned 153, 161, 162,

L68, L68, 170, 173, 174, 176, L78, 260, L'ti. - !, 270, 274, 277, 279,
280, 283, lis"). 288, 298, 298, 299, 304, 306, 308, 816, 317, 819,
382, 4 ( J0, 549, 550, 554, 555, 559, 560, 562, 563, 564, 565

702 INDEX.

Board of War and Ordnance, Page.

to appoint agents to purchase necessaries for the Army 296

all contracts for casting cannon turned over to the 547

to submit estimate for a brass foundry 551

appoint persons to manufacture flints 541

contract with Mr. Byers as superintendent of a brass foundry 553

for battering cannon, mortars, etc 554

appoint a field commissary of military stores 556

surveyor of ordnance 558

procure a quantity of shot and shell 560

remove unnecessary officers in department of military stores 560

vacate contract with Mr. Byers 565

mentioned 547, 551, 552, 553, 556, 556, 557, 558

Boards (see Medical board; Light-House Board),

appointed to reorganize mode of making coast surveys 503

consider subject of fortifications, torpedoes, etc 520, 601

examine all inventions of heavy ordnance, etc 519

to report on property of the Signal Corps 623

Boards of engineers,

appointed 511,512, 513, 519, 522, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528

Boards cf enrollment,

composition and duties of 668, 670, 672, 673, 674, 676

Boards of examination,

composition and duties of 1 211, 212, 346, 347, 470, 471, 673

to pass on officers and men prior to detail for signal duty 614

Bono, Otto,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401

Bombardiers,

company of, how organized 498

disbanded 500

Bomford, George,

mentioned 534

Bond, Jr., Thomas,

elected purveyor 389

mentioned 3(52, 391

Bonds,,

to be furnished bv officers of the Quartermaster's Department 199,

202, 205, 207, 208

department of purchases 269,

284, 285, 335, 338, 448

issues 269, 284, 285, 448

Pay Department 445, 448,

455, 458, 459, 460, 461, 463, 464, 466, 467. 4iS

Medical Department 410, 419. 423

clothier-general 318

paymasters and military storekeepers at arsenals and

armories 585

commissioner and assistants of Bureau of Refugees,

Freedmen, etc 655, 866, 857

of officers of the Pay Department, when to be renewed 469

Books,

for the inspecting and mustering department 1 79

respecting purchase of, for the Adjutant-General's Office 80

Boston Harbor, Mass.,

mentioned 511

Boudinot, Elias,

appointed commissary-general of prisoners, with rank of colonel 639

empowered to appoint deputies 639

mentioned 127, 637. 641

Bounty,

wagoners to receive same, as enlisted men of the Army 161

a suit of clothes as a 162

respecting a, for the manufacture of muskets 541

to laborers of the Ordnance Department . 579

respecting, of soldiers transferred to the Navy , 672. <>^7

received by minors to be repaid before their discharge 875

respecting, for colored volunteers 676

INDEX. * 703

Bounty fund, , Page.

retained, of colored soldiers, how disposed of 659, 660

Bounty land (see Land),

artificers and laborers of ordnance entitled to 586

Bowman, John,

elected deputy paymaster for the western district 453

Box, Daniel,

t< i do duty as brigade major 53, 55

mentioned 54, 56

Bradford, John.

mentioned 179, 181, 273, 300

Bradford, William,

to do duty as brigade major 56

Bradford, Jr., William,

elected deputy muster master general 634

mentioned 635

Brandy,

included in the ration 328, 330, 333

Brandywine,

issue of rum for gallantry of troops in battle of 268

Brandywine Shoals, Pa.,

works i hi. mentioned 504

Braxton, Carter,

member of committee 540

Brazos River Channel and Dock Company,

mentioned 526

Bread (gee Hard bread).
Brkck, Samuel,

mentioned 52

Brkckenridoe, Joseph C,

mentioned 86

.Breeches.

purchase of leather and deerskins for 153, 274

buckskin, to be purchased 142

Breech-loading guns,

respecting contraction and test of 593

Brent, Robert,

mentioned 443

Brevets (see Uniforms),

may be issued to certain officers who in 1777 held a commission by, higher
than their present rank 23

conferrable for gallant services 26

ten years' service in any one grade 26, 681

only by consent of the Senate 29

on volunteer officers for services prior to appointment in

Regular Army 36

when, entitled to pay or emoluments 456

Brewen, Jeremiah,

appointed to superintend the artificers 490

Brewer, Jonathan,

appointed barrack master 142

mentioned 142

Brewer, Samiel,

mentioned 53, 54

Bill RES,

contractors offering, bow punished 216

Brick, Benjamin \\\,

mentioned 443

Brick, Jacob,

appointed brigade major 62

inspector 95

Bridges,

construction of, across the Detroit River 320

Great Kanawha River, West Virginia 522

location of, across Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky 522

(see National Road; North River Bridge.)
examinatic >n and construction of "ill, 512

704 INDEX.

Bridges Continued. Page.

over the Mississippi River to St. Louis, Mo ' 526

(see Memorial Bridge.)

across Niagara River 527

Brigade inspectors (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons),

authorized 89, 93, 95, 96, 104, 105, 107, 108

appointed 61, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 100

office of, annexed to that of brigade majors 61 , 93

duties of 93, 97, 98

respecting tents for ;. 99

provisionally retained 110

superseded by assistant inspectors-general 110

Brigade majors (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 53, 54, 60, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71

appointed 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66

to hold their rank in the line 60, 70

office of brigade inspector annexed to that of 61 , 93

Brigade quartermasters (see Pay),

how appointed 156

authorized 195, 202

appointed 183

to perform duties of conductors of military stores 568

superseded by assistant quartermasters-general 202

Brigades,

respecting staff officers of 45

composition of staff of 75, 96, 106, 194, 207, 210, 344, 416

issue of signal flags to 186

lieutenants of ambulance corps to be assigned to 420

a conductor of military stores to be assigned to 559

Brigade surgeons,

to be known as surgeons of volunteers and attached to the general medical

staff 419

Brimfield, ,

appointed brigade inspector 80

Brimstone,

collection of, in the several colonies 5:35

Brookfield, Mass.,

order for a laboratory at, revoked o47

Brooks, John,

attached, on the march, to General de Kalb's division 60, 90

to be considered as deputy adjutant-general at AVest Point 62

appointed to act as subinspector 89

Brown, Clark,

mentioned 144

Brown, Daniel,

pay and rations allowed to 244

Brown, Hubbard,

appointed conductor of artillery 539

Brown, James,

elected chief physician of the Army 394

mentioned 362

Brown, Josiah,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk at scales 244

Brown, Nathan D.,

mentioned 443

Brown, William,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Brown. William,

elected assistant physician for the flying camp , 387

surgeon-general of hospital in the middle department 375

physician-general in the middle department * !~ s

resignation accepted 383

mentioned 361 , 878

Brownson, Nathan,

elected deputy purveyor of hospital for the Southern army 393

hospital 398

INDEX. 705

Brunswick, N. J., Pa e.

mentioned 380

Brixswick, Ga.,

respecting inspection of work on outer bar of 525, 526

Buchanan, William,

elected deputy commissary -general of purchases 262

commissary-general of purchases 265

mentioned 238,264,265,279,283

Buckshot,

to be put into all cartridges 548

Buffington, Adelbert R.,

mentioned 534

Buildings {see Pension Bureau; School buildings),

rent of certain, occupied for public uses 571

all, no longer wanted to be sold 178

limitation of expenditures on public 229

respecting, held t>y the late Confederate States 658

Bullets,

imported, to be purchased 555

Bullit, Thomas,

appointed deputy adjutant-general 54

advanced to rank of colonel 54, 57

Bullock, Archibald,

member of committee ....'. 540

Buoys,

sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505

Burbeck, Henry,

mentioned 483

Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands,

created 655

to prohibit whipping or maiming 659

operations of, in States when discontinued 661

educational department of the, to be continued 662

when to be discontinued 663

mentioned 656,659,660,661,662

Bureau of Military Justice,

created 131

how constituted 131, 132

merged into Judge-Advocate-GeneraPs Department 133

Bureaus,

heads of, not to print their reports at public expense 31

receive pay for services when the Government is a party. 34

official letters to heads of, to pass free of postage 38

franking privilege conferred on heads of 34, 38

(see Topographical Bureau.)

official postage to be paid from contingent fund of 681

Burke, Thomas,

member of committee 253

mentioned 318

Burnet, William,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

elected physician and surgeon-general of army in Eastern Department . . . 374

chief physician and surgeon of the hospitals ." 392

mentioned 362,395

Bushnelx, David,

to be commissioned lieutenant of sappers and miners 491

promoted to rank of captain 493

t<> command the corps of sa 1 pers and miners ^ 495

BUTCHKBS,

(>ay of, by whom regulated 262

i< > w governed 305

Butler. AssoV,

mentioned 548

Butlek, Edward,

mentioned 51,52,86,36

BUTLKB, Tiiom \n,

appointed public armorer 545

mentioned 554

S. Doc. 229 45

706 INDEX.

Butler, William, Page.

mentioned 62

Byers, James,

mentioned 553, 565, 569

Cabell, ,

appointed brigade major 61

inspector 89, 94

Cadets (see Medical Cadets),

ten, authorized in Corps of Engineers 497

Caldwell, Andrew,

commissioned second lieutenant of artillery 549

resignation accepted 559

Caldwell and Mease, (Messrs. ),

mentioned 246

Calhoun, John C,

mentioned 4, 5, 533

California,

respecting a deep-water harbor on the coast of 525

pay of military storekeepers in, increased 587

respecting arsenal buildings in 588

California Debris Commission,

how organized 525

California Volunteers,

traveling expenses of, discharged in certain Territories 472

Calumet River, III.,

mentioned 519

Calfskins,

to be dressed for drumheads 311, 562

Camden, N. J.,

mentioned 522

Camp (see Flying Camp),

respecting, in Virginia, for prisoners of war 160

erection of shades and bowers in 186

Campaigns, .

inspections and reviews to be held at end of 88

Campbell, Donald,

elected deputy quartermaster-general 141

to have the rank of colonel 141

Campbell, George,

promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395

Camp equipage,

articles of, how obtained . 145, 247

to be purchased 145

provision and distribution of 174

Secretary of War to provide yearly for necessary 195

may be issued to detachments of sailors or marines 202

Quartermaster's Department to receive and distribute all 204, 340

duties of line officers respecting, received by them 204

to be furnished to Southern Army 318

Camp kettles (see Kettles).

Canada (see Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions, Muster-Master-
General),

medicines to be sent to troops in 365

a physician and surgeon for the troops in 366

Canadian volunteers,

payments to 465

Canals,

engineer officers to be detailed for making surveys, etc. , of 500

around Falls of the Ohio River mentioned 505

(see Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. )

respecting, routes from Lake Erie to the Ohio River 526

(see Nicaraguan Canal; Illinois and Michigan Canal; Ship Canal;
Iron Company Canal; Hennepin Canal; Louisville and Portland
Canal. )

INDEX. 707

Candidates, . Page,

examination of all, for appointment in hospital department 405

Candles,

exportation of, prohibited 251

Canisters (see Cartridge Canisters).

Cannon committee,

to estimate number of cannon wanted 538

purchase or contract for cannon 539, 540, 541, 542

increased ,. 539

to employ proper persons to see the cannon proved 540

have certain cannon mounted if fit for service 544

deliver all contracts to the Board of War 547

Cannons (see Howitzers; Mortars; Ordnance; Contracts; Cannon Commit-
tee),

importation of 536, 537

purchase of 539, 541, 544, 571

powder to be furnished for proving 543

(see Fcrnaces.)

disposition of captured 544

report on condition of - ' 570

for port and harbor of Annapolis 573

superintendent of manufacture of iron, authorized 586

experiments and testa of 593

al 1 rifled, to be tested . 600

issues of smoothbore, for experimental purposes 601

Canteens,

to be provided 144, 687

Canvas (see Tents).

Capitaine ,

granted rank of captain in the Corps of Engineers 488

Capitol,

removal of railroad track in front of the 511

electrical apparatus in the, how supervised 512

Capitulation,

benefits to officers from, at Yorktown 19

Captain,

grade of, abolished in the Adjutant-General's Department 76

Caw,

worsted, authorized 142, 291

purchase of uniform or forage, forbidden until old pattern is exhausted . . 222

woolen, to be issued to the troops 291

Carbines,

may 1 te issued to employees of the Quartermaster's Department . 143, 540

Carey, Asa B.,

mentioned 443

Carey, Richard,

appointed brigade major 53

Carlisle, John,

appointed an assistant to the Adjutant-General 64

to do the duty of brigade major 65

appointed assistant adjutant-general 66

Carlisle, Pa. (see Commissary of Military Stores),

magazines of provisions to be formed at 316

military stores to be removed to 546

I ay of contractor for lumber wanted at 549

artificers in department of military stores in Pennsylvania to be removed to. 562

respecting artillery artificers at 563

Oabmb, John,

appointed assistant deputy apothecary in Southern Department 395

Carpenters,

respecting appointment of a master 141

carbines may be issued to, in Quartermaster's Department 143, 540

Carpenters' tools,

purchase of, for each regiment authorized 145

Carriage makers (*ee Pay; Rations),

employment of, in Ordnance Department, authorized 577, 586

to be designated as "corporals" 590

708 INDEX.

Carriages, Page.

committee to consider plan for providing, for public service 145

impressment of, to be avoided 146

issue of forage in cases of detained hired 149

Carrington, Edward,

mentioned 190, 326, 457, 569

Carrington, Mayo,

appointment as deputy quartermaster-general for the Southern army

confirmed 180

Carroll, Charles,

member of committee 14, 286

mentioned 157

Cartel (see Prisoners ok war).

Carter and Wadsworth, (Messrs.),

mentioned 324

Cartridge boxes,

how to be made 554

Cartridge canisters,

tin, may be supplied in lieu of boxes 544

Cartridges,

buckshot to be put in all 548

respecting test of graduating and accelerating 593

Cary's Ford Reef, Fla.,

works at, mentioned 504

Casey, Thomas L.,

mentioned 483, 513

continued in charge of building for the Library of Congress 525

Caswell, ,

mentioned 274

Cattle (see Live stock; Inspector of cattle; Wagonmaster-General),

horns of killed, to be saved 142, 538

hides, tallow, etc., of killed, to whom delivered 270, 291

Connecticut requested to furnish 275

superintendents of, how governed 305

Bank of Philadelphia requested to purchase 310

certain States called on for a supply of 310, 311

Cavalry (see Forage),

uniform of 21

horses to be procured for the 180

arms to be provided for the 544, 574

ammunition and equipments for the, in Southern army 563

Cavalry forge,

division ambulance officer to have a traveling 422

Cemetery (see National cemeteries),

near City of Mexico subject to same rules as national cemeteries 221, 222

Certificates,

of administration of oath of office 175

issues of, in Quartermaster's Department 160, 161, 177

Commissary Department 259, 292, 309, 319

of clothing 292,293

lists of commissaries of purchases and issues authorized to give, to be

made 326

of discharge from draft . 670, 671

enlistment of slaves 675

Champion, ,

appointed barrack master to the French army 181

Channel,

respecting a, through Southwest Pass of Mississippi River 526

through Sabine Lake to be reexamined 528

Chapman, Nathaniel,

commissioned captain in regiment of artillery artificers 554

excused from further service 561

Chaplains (see Hospital chaplains).

Charleston, S. C. (see Commissary of Prisoners).

Chase, Samuel,

member of committee 246, 283, 367

INDEX. 709

Chase, Thomas, Page.

to continue to do duty of brigade-major 53

mentioned 53

Checks,

in payment of claims of colored soldiers to whom made payable 660

Cheever, Ezekiel,

appointed commissary of artillery stores 536

excused from further service 560

mentioned 533, 539

Chesapeake and Delaware Canal,

mentioned 526

Chesapeake Bay,

mentioned 500

Chester, John,

mentioned 56

Chief Engineer,

authorized , 485

appointed 487

to be member of subordinate Board of Ordnance 488, 553

Chief Hospital Physicians (see Pay),

authorized 384

appointed 389

duties of 384,385,386,387,389

to be appointed by Congress 388

office of, abolished 396

Chief of Artillery and Ordnance.

senior artillery officer in Army Corps to act as 591

Chief of Engineers (see Rank; Pay),

authorized 509,510,513,527,529

selection of 498,509,510,514

to determine equipments for sappers and miners 504, 513

letters to and from the, free of postage 502

authorized to enlist artificers 497

employ civil engineers 518

special duties assigned to the 511, 513, 515, 516, 523, 524, 525, 527, 528

entitled to use of books in Library of Congress 524

mentioned 514, 515, 516, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 528

Chief of Ordnance (see Rank; Pay),

authorized 579,583,590,592,594,596,604,605

duties of 579, 580, 581, 586, 596, 597, 603, 605

how appointed 592, 597

letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 584

rank of assistant to the 603, 604

mentioned 597, 600

Chief of Staff,

brigadier assigned to principal army to act as 72, 1 09

Chief of Topographical Engineers,

letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 502

Chief Physician (see Director-General and Chief Physician),

authorized 366, 384

app >inted 366, 394

to take the oath of office 390

(see Pay; Rations; Forage; Land; Baggage Wagons; Southern
Akmv.)

Chief Physician and Surgeon (see Physician; Pay),

authorized 384

app minted 364, 389, 392

duties of 364, 386

to be appointed by Congress 388

take the oath of office 390

office of, abolished 396

Chief Signal Officer (see Rank; Pay; Rations),

authorized 618,614,616,624,626

< hit ies of 614, 615, 622

may sell surplus maps, etc 615, 616

be detailed to take charge of Weather Bureau 622

mentioned 614, 616, 621, 623, 624

710 INDEX.

China, Page,

ten per cent increased pay allowed officers serving in 48

Cholera (see Asiatic cholera) .

Church bells

and others taken from New York to be returned 569

Cider

to be supplied to the Army 265

Church, Benjamin,

elected director of, and physician in, hospital 363

mentioned 361, 364

arrested for holding correspondence with enemy 364

Church, Thomas,

appointed brigade major 62, 95

Churchill, Sylvester,

mentioned 86

Cincinnati, Ohio,

respecting quartermaster's depot aj; 217

Citizens,

grant of half-pay applicable only to officers who are 13

all authorized staff officers to be 70, 108, 195, 407

Civilians,

may be appointed to fill vacancies in Quartermaster's Department 227

Commissary Department 353

authority to appoint, as superintendents of armories revoked . - 590

to be examined before appointment as paymasters 477

Civil engineers,

may be appointed to vacancies in Corps of Topographical Engineers 502

employment of, in Corps of Engineers 500, 518

authorized 501

authority for employment of, revoked 502

Civil office,

half-pay officers may hold a 15, 380, 453

Civil staff,

appointments on the, confer no rank in the Armv 14, 635

status of warrant officers on the .* 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644

Claiborne, Richard,

appointed brigade major 59

Claims,

respecting, of creditors of the U. S 178, 181, 212, 309, 347

to confiscated lands 657

for pay, etc., of colored soldiers 660

to exemption from draft 674, 675

for servants' quarters not allowed 684

payment of, in favor of disloyal persons forbidden 511, 517, 686, 687

Clark, Abraham,

member of committee 254, 283

mentioned 454

Clay, Joseph,

elected deputy paymaster-general in Georgia 448

to place funds in hands of certain staff officers in State of Georgia 158, 450

mentioned 289, 452

Clerks (me Pay; Rations; Forage).

authorized for the Adjutant-General 64

commissary-general of purchases . . ; 306

military stores 551

prisoners 644

Paymaster-General 449, 452

clothier-general 296, 298

necessary, in Quartermaster's Department, how appointed 167, 169, 176, 186

hospital, by whom appointed 364

appointed, in department of military stores 568

(see Paymaster's clerks.)

Cleveland, Moses,

to be commissioned captain-lieutenant of sappers and miners 491

Clinton, George,

member of committee 239, 536

INDEX. 711

Clinton, James, Page.

mentioned 55, 60, 94, 96

Cloth,

no money to be paid for patent process for preservation of 223

Ci.iitiiier-general (see Pay; Bond),

authorized 251, 293

appointed 252,297,318

duties of. . . 266, 267, 273, 275, 281, 287, 292, 293, 298, 301, 319, 320, 321, 322, 326, 491

appointment of, announced to the Army 319

to deliver all cloth fit for tents 148, 253

send agents into each State to buy linen and clothing 251

(see Commissary -general of clothing.)

States requested to deliver linen fit for shirts to the 263

to appoint an agent in Georgia 264

deputies in each State 273

remove stores to Bethlehem, Pa 268

(see Clothing; Caps; Clerks.)

to deliver blankets, shirts, etc. , for sick and wounded 273, 277, 376

return goods taken from merchants in Philadelphia 293

make full account of sale, etc., of goods taken in Philadelphia 293

receive his instructions from the war office 323

mentioned 182, 251, 252, 262, 274, 276, 285, 294, 321, 322, 376

deputy in Georgia mentioned ." 289, 450

duties of 290

Clothiers' department (see Committee),

compilation to be made of regulations of the 286

ordinance regulating the 293

respecting seizures made by officers of the 290

mentioned 321

Clothiers (see Pay; Rations),

authorized 293, 301

duties of 182, 294, 295, 299, 301, 319, 321

mentioned 266, 281

Clothing (see Clothier-general; Clothiers; Commissary of clothing; Uni-
form) ,

allowance of, regulated 16, 247, 320

issuable to staff officers 14,301,302,380,451

officers of the hospital department 311, 381, 388

the commissary -general of prisoners 645

hospital stewards 381

geographers 325

sergeants of ordnance 230

artificers 1 6, 1 64, 302, 564

of ordnance 579, 581, 591

engineer soldiers 497,504

enlisted men of the line 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334

wagoners 16, 161, 162, 164, 165, 302

bakers 281

officers' servants 17, 650

respecting insufficiency of stock of 22

purchase of materials for 142, 146, 240

articles of *. 142, 241, 286

punishment for embezzlement, etc., of 177

transportation of 182

respecting damage to or deficiency in 182

Quartermaster-General to receive and distribute all 204, 340

duties of line officers respecting, received by them 204, 224, 225

respecting issues of 205

importation of materials for 242, 243, 252

to be provided 243, 246, 247, 250, 254, 264, 268, 271, 275

(see Caps; Breeches; Stockings; Shirts; Linen; Woolen goods.)

disposition of imported, and materials 247, 248, 252, 285, 287, 308, 322

issued to troops, how paid for 249,298,301,302,464

States recommended to impress 275, 276, L'77

employ agents for manufacture of 276, 277

provide, for their respective lines 299

(see Board of wak; Blankets; Rations.)

712 INDEX.

Clothing Continued. Page.

purchases of and contracts for, by whom made 328

to be provided yearly 332

surplus, to be sold by district paymasters 334, 460, 461

report on 327

commissary-general of purchases to procure all 334

no claim for use of patented process for preserving 220, 223

sale of old pattern, after issue of new uniform 221

President to prescribe quality and kind of 337, 338

paymaster and assistants to have charge of 460

extra issues of, authorized 211, 219, 225, 424

issue of, to be established in general regulations 464

prisoners of war 640

destitute freedmen and refugees 655

miscellaneous issues of, authorized 218, 219, 220, 222, 228, 687

to be purchased for destitute citizens in Cuba 230

mentioned 209,

250, 299, 303, 308, 319, 321, 324, 337, 339, 343, 344, 382, 383, 464, 561

Cly.mer, Daniel,

appointed deputy commissary of prisoners 641

Clymer, George,

directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the

Army in the Northern Department 545

Coast of the United States,

respecting survey of the 503

Coats (see Uniforms),

wearing red, forbidden 19

purchase of, not to be made until old pattern is exhausted 222

Coburn, John,

to be allowed lieutenant's pay 541

Cochran, John,

elected physician and surgeon-general in Middle Department 373

chief physician and surgeon 389

director of military hospital 390

mentioned 361,362,392

Cochrane, Robert,

to superintend hospital at Albany 382

Coffee,

allowance of, fixed 343

may be commuted 345

Cogswell, Samuel,

appointed deputy judge-advocate 1 27

Cogswell, Thomas,

appointed wagon master to the main Army 1 79

Collar Makers,

to be immediately sent to the camp 145

Colonies,

respecting importation of war material for the 536, 690

requested to set their gunsmiths at work 537, 543

employ persons to make saltpeter 537, 538, 539

erect powder mills , 540

report condition of lead mines 541

Colors (see Flags) .

Colt, Peter,

elected deputy commissary-general of purchases 266

Columbia, S. C.,

arsenal to be established at 601

Columbia Hospital, D. C,

mentioned 425

Columbia River, Wash.,

mentioned 522

Columbus, Ohio,

arsenal to be established at 591

Combs,

to be provided for the Army 262

INDEX. 713

Commander in Chief (see George Washington), Page.

committee appointed to confer with, on retrenchment of expenses 14

recommended that business of repairing coats be considered a primary

object 22

empowered to furlough general and staff officers not necessary for the

troops remaining in service 23

to regulate issue of forage 58, 151

appointment of brigade majors by the, limited to captains of the brigade. 60

assistants to the Adjutant-General to be approved by the 61

to make regulations for the musters of troops 95

may increase allowance of wagons and bathorses 95, 172, 186

to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to militia in active service 96

regulate time, place, and mode of inspections 100

appoint a wagon master and master carpenter and fix their pay 141

fix allowance of forage 151

order building of storehouses and stockaded barracks at places where a

capital magazine is established 152

arrange the Quartermaster's Department to the westward 160

authorized to enlist a corps of wagoners 161, 162

to incorporate corps of wagoners with the line of the Army 164

designate places of deposit for the States' quotas of supplies 166

regulate issue of clothing to Avagoners 182

issue of forage to the 187

baggage wagons and bathorses for the 186

to form and fix magazines of provisions 245

offered reward for best substitute for shoes 274

authorized to determine the ration to be issued to troops 288

to arrange the Commissary Department to the westward 292

nomination, by the director of hospital and chief physician and surgeon,
of surgeons not belonging to any State line, subject to approval of the. . 395

to form and fix magazines of military stores 541

with the commander of artillery, to arrange all business of the Ordnance

Department necessary to be done in the field 556

to make a return of the officers in the Engineer Department 492

direct what clothing shall be issued to artificers 564

be furnished with returns of ordnance and ordnance stores 565

appoint a commissary of prisoners 650

mentioned 150,

151, 158, 162, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 179, 180, 181, 185, 186, 242,
245, 251, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 266, 270, 282, 283, 284, 287, 293,
294, 295, 300, 301, 305, 307, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325,
363, 366, 368, 370, 372, 380, 384, 335, 386, 393, 395, 396, 398, 448, 451, 488,
490, 491, 493, 495, 541, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 563, 564, 566, 567
Commerce,

observations and signals for the benefit of 614

Commissary Department (see Subsistence Department),

pay, etc., to certain employees in the 244, 245

respecting supervision of the 274, 291

transmission of funds for the 283

(See Certificates. )

Commander in Chief to arrange the, westward 292

States requested to inquire into conduct of all persons in .the 297

report on condition of the 327, 328

mentioned 255

Co\lMl>SARV-<iK\ERAL OF ClOTHINO,

to supply the Army with combs 262

( '(>\IMIss.\|{Y-( iKNKRAL OF FORAGE (see PAY; RATIONS ),

appointed in the main Army 152

to supply forage for horses of mem hers of Congress 164

Commissary-General of Issues (see Pay),

authorized L'54

appointed 268

to take the oath of office 261

duties of 2">"), 266,

267, 268, 260, 262, 268, 289, 275, 287, 290, 291, 305, 306, 821, 826, 8 13
mentioned 266,279,300,303

714 INDEX.

Commissary-General of Issues Continued. Page.

deputy, authorized 254, 264, 269, 271, 272

appointed 263, 264, 265, 266, 272, 278, 291

to take the oath of office 261

mentioned 269, 279

Commissary-General of Military Stores (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

< authorized 551

appointed 565

duties of 546, 548, 551

mentioned 155, 557

Commissary-General of Musters (see Rank; Pay; Rations),

authorized . 633

appointed 634

duties of 633

mentioned 252, 634

and assistants granted one year's pay 636

deputy, appointed 635

Commissary-General of Ordnance,

authorized 576

duties of 577, 578, 579

letters etc. , to and from the, free of postage 579

Commissary-General of Prisoners (see Pay; Rations; Clothing),

appointed 639, 641, 648

duties of 549, 639, 640, 641, 642, 644, 645, 647, 649

to be informed Congress disapproves of partial exchanges 643

reside at Army headquarters 644

mentioned 291, 639, 641

Commissary-General of Purchases (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Bond),

authorized 254, 281, 316, 334, 339

appointed 265, 283, 303

to take the oath of office 261

keep his office where Congress shall sit 261

not obliged to reside at place where Congress sits 283

duties of 255, 257, 260, 262, 264, 268, 269, 270, 271, 276, 277, 281, 282, 283, 284,

285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 299, 300, 302, 305, 312, 316, 317, 326, 334, 336, 343
(see Certificates. )

not to be interested in trade 334, 335

letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 335

mentioned 273, 275, 278, 279, 289, 300, 316, 317, 335, 336, 337, 448, 641

office of, abolished 342

assistant, authorized 284

to reside at Army headquarters 284

not to be interested in trade 335

mentioned 317

deputy, authorized 254, 264, 269, 271 , 272, 304, 316, 334

appointed 265, 266, 273

to take the oath of office 261

duties of 254,

256, 257, 260, 264, 269, 270, 273, 282, 284, 293, 317, 334, 336, 361
(see Certificates. )

funds for the deputy, in Georgia , 450

deputy, mentioned 278,299,302,641

Commissary-General of Stores and Purchases (see Pay; Forage),

authorized ". 239

appointed 239

appointment of, announced to the Army 239

' duties of 152, 158, 240, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 254

to deliver all stores to Commissary-General of Issues 255

and deputies entitled to benefits under the Yorktown capitulation 19

mentioned 251

deputy, authorized 239, 243

appointed 243

duties of 240,245,248,251

Commissary-General of Subsistence (see Rank; Pay; Rations),

authorized 338,339,345,348,350

to give bond and not to be concerned in trade 338

how appointed 349, 352

INDEX. 715

Commissary-General of Subsistence Continued. Page.

duties of 338,347

letters to and from the, free of postage 339, 340

ex officio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 343, 352, 353

mentioned 340, 352

assistant, authorized 341,346,348,349,350

( o.MMISSARY OF ARMY ACCOUNTS,

duties of Paymaster-General merged with those of the 457

Commissary of artillery (see Pay),

authorized ' 536

aj (pointed 536

member of subordinate board of ordnance 553

Commissary of clothing (see Pay; Rations),

authorized 246,247,248

appointed 248

assistants to the, authorized 247

Commissary of forage (see Pay; Rations; Baggage wagons; Bathorses),

authorized 148, 155, 169

appointed 179

duties of 155, 158, 169, 170

mentioned 148, 150, 155, 159, 288

assistant, authorized 169

duties of 158,169,170

Commissary of hides (see Pay) ,

authorized 263, 297

appointed 263,265

duties of 263, 270, 271, 274, 547

mentioned 285, 291, 297, 321

assistants, authorized 298

Commissary of hospitals (see Pay; Rations; Clothing),

authorized 370

Commissary of issues (see Pay; Forage),

authorized 264, 280, 285, 337

appointed 245, 248, 249, 252

duties of 98, 258, 259, 260, 261, 267, 270, 281, 306, 311, 376, 382, 562, 565

mentioned 246,263,293,296,641

Commissary of military stores (see Field commissary of military stores),

authorized 551, 560, 567, 568

appointed 542, 545, 549

not to dispose of stores without order of Congress 568

in Pennsylvania to return certain bills 569

(see Pay; Baggage wagons),

mentioned 263, 547, 551, 566, 567

deputy, mentioned 571

Commissary of musters (see Pay),

authorized 631

Commissary of ordnance (see Pay),

deputy, authorized 576, 579

duties of 577

( ommissary of ordnance stores,

appointed 549

Commissary of prisoners (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bat-
horses),

salary of, to be fixed by commander in chief 639

authorized 639,648,650

duties of 639,644

order of, sufficient for issue of provisions 278, 641

mentioned 650

deputy, authorized 639

appointed (HI

duties of 649

Commissary of pirciiasks (see Pay; Baggage wagons),

authorized 280, 336

appointed 4 286

to take oath of office 284

duties of 256, 284, 31 7

allowances to 281, 283

716 INDEX.

Commissary of purchases Continued. Page.

mentioned 247, 307, 318

deputy, authorized 334, 337

duties of 334

to give bonds 335

mentioned 335

assistant, authorized 304, 317

appointed 282

duties of 282, 305

allowances to certain 264, 282

Commissary of stores (see Pay),

duties of 246

mentioned 246

deputy, authorized 247, 248, 251

mentioned 247

assistant, appointed 250

Commissary of stores and provisions,

Connecticut to appoint a 239

appointed 239,243,245

Commissary of subsistence (see Rank; Pay),

authorized 340,341,342,344,345,348,349,350

to give bonds 342

to be examined as to qualifications 346

number of, reduced 350, 355

mentioned 355, 356

assistant, authorized 339, 342

not separated from the line 341

to give bonds 342

be examined as to qualifications 346

Commissary for horses and wagons,

authorized . . .* 165

Commissary sergeants,

authorized 349, 350, 351 , 357

Commission (see Mississippi River Commission; Missouri River Commission;

California Debris Commission; Deep Waterways Commission).
Commission (Army),

in every, ' ' United States ' ' to replace ' ' United Colonies " 11

form of, for staff officers 14

Commission,

officers of Quartermaster's Department receiving a, not entitled to pay or

rations 162

allowed to Commissary-General of Purchases 243, 2S1 , 304

superintendents for purchase of flour 280

deputy paymasters-general 454

Commissioner of Pensions,

to pay commutation for artificial limbs 425, 432

Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds,

office of, abolished; duties of, by whom performed 511

duties of 510, 511, 512

Commissioner of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen (see Pay; Bonds;
Oath of Office),

authorized 655

duties of 655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662

mentioned 660

assistant, authorized 655, 656

how appointed 662

duties of 657, 658

army officers not entitled to extra pay for duty as 656

detailed as, may be retained 661

Commissioners (see Engineer Commissioner; Soldiers' Home).
Committees of Congress (see Cannon; Medical; Secret Committees),

to extract from the journals all resolutions relative to the Army 14

confer with General Washington on means of retrenching expenses 14

consider a report for a further allowance to officers of the Army 15

confer with General Washington to perfect arrangement of staff depart-
ments 17

INDEX. 7 17

Committees of Congress Continued. i'&ge.

to confer with Mr. du Coudray 87

define powers to be granted and exercised by Mr. du Coudray 87

purchase woolen goods for the use of the Army 142-240

materials for watch coats 142-241

consider plan for providing carriages for the public service 145

confer with General Washington on improvement of present state of

the army in Philadelphia 146-249

in Philadelphia to inform the Quartermaster-General of number of horses

and oxen fit for service 147

in conjunction with General Washington to make appointments for the

Quartermaster's Department 155

to extract from the journals the regulations of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment 157

superintend the Quartermaster's Department 159

on Quartermaster's Department, increased 163, 164

discharged 165

to inquire into easiest methods of making salt 239

devise ways and means for providing clothing 246

provide the northern army with provisions 246

employ persons to purchase blankets and woolens 247

on clothing, increased 247

the Commissary Department, increased 253, 282, 298, 299, 300

Commissary Department, and to devise means for supplying the Army

with fresh beef, consolidated 253

to devise ways and means for obtaining a supply of salt 254

report of committee on the Treasury 267

to confer with Mr. Wadsworth respecting office of commissary-general of

purchases 283

extract from the journals the regulations of the commissary's and

clothier's departments 286

marine committee, mentioned 287, 300

to superintend the Commissary Department 291

on the clothier's department, increased 291

departments of purchases and issues, discharged 303

to report on method of establishing an hospital / 363

devise ways and means for obtaining medicines 364, 367

relative to purchase of medical stores by the 364, 367

to forward medical stores, etc., to certain points 365, 367, 368

procure medicines, increased 365, 366

inquire into abuses in the Medical Department 368

report of, on the Treasury '. . 450

on the Treasury, mentioned 452, 453

to repair to the camp, mentioned 485

consider ways and means to obtain ammunition and military stores 535

devise ways and means to introduce manufacture of saltpeter 535

make inquiries relative to lead and leaden ores 536, 537

advise General Schuyler to purchase arms of sick officers and soldiers . 537

contract for making muskets and bayonets 539, 541

devise ways and means to encourage manufacture of saltpeter, sulphur,

etc 540

consider plan for an artillery yard 544

procure steel and nail rods 545

reports of 145, 146, 153, 155, 190, 250, 282, 287, 310, 326, 363, 555, 569

Commutation (nee Subsistence money; Half pay),

rate of, for rations 11,

14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 31, 35, 185, 261, 323, 325, 333, 379, 470, 575, 681

resecting, of forage 18, 21, 25, 27, 33, 40, 67, 68, 70, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128

rations 19,67,104

not allowed to officers neglecting to draw rations 21

officers furnished quarters in kind not entitled to increased 36

for fuel prohibited 41

of rations may be paid to soldiers held prisoner* of war 348

Com nutation money,

may be paid by drafted men 671, 674

n< >t accepted unless from iioncombatants 677

718 INDEX.

Companies (see Green and Barren River Navigation Company; Monon-
gahela Navigation Company; Portage Lake and River Company Canal;
Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and Iron Company Canal) .

Compensation, P&ge.

to owners of slaves enlisted 676

Conductor of artillery,

authorized 576

appointed 539

Conductor of military stores (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 551

appointed 568

duties of 551

to be appointed to each brigade . .. 559

(see Field commissary of military stores; Brigade quartermasters.)

Conductor of wagons (see Wagon master; Pay; Rations),

authorized 171, 186

how appointed 167

mentioned 145, 182

Confederate States,

respecting land, buildings, etc. , held by the late 658

Congress, Continental (see Thanks of congress; Resolves of congress),

reserved power of appointment or promotion 11

distribution of the journals of - . . 63, 99

care of horses of members of 156, 164, 179

issues of stores to members of 153, 269

discontinued 166, 306

member of, to visit hospitals in middle department 376

Connecticut,

uniform of the, line 15

magazines of provisions to be established in 157

quota of, to be furnished in forage 1 66

provisions 306, 307, 312

in stores, when deliverable 314

authorities of, requested to appoint commissaries 239

assist in procuring transportation 272, 275

furnish flour 304

cattle 310

collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

provisions furnished by, how paid for 307

respecting the Salisbury Iron Works in 549

Connor, Morgan,

to act as Adjutant-General pro tempore. . . : .' 57

mentioned. - 51, 58

Contagious diseases (see Clothing),

respecting hospital for 368

Contingent fund (see Portage),

restriction on expenditure of f 684

Contractors,

necessary, to be appointed _ _ 167

allowances to 191

offering bribes, how punished. 216

employment of, not desirable for supplying the Northern army 251

duties of, supplying rations 322

respecting settlement with ; 454

pay of the, at Carlisle, Pa 549

Contracts (see Inspector of contracts),

how made 29, 177, 191, 193, 195, 203, 208, 209, 225, 309, 328, 331, 338, 339,

343, 344, 352, 402, 403, 415, 431, 507, 508, 516, 571, 575, 589, 599, 617

report on system of supplying the Army by 170, 191

performance of, for subsistence of the Army 327, 328

where to be deposited 194,331,404,575

for casting cannon 540, 542, 546, 554, 565

for subsistence of Southern army 248

all, for casting cannon to be turned over to the Board of War 547

respecting manufacture of arms by 588

uniformity in making 509, 686, 687

restriction on the making of 225, 352, 432, 517, 599, 617

INDEX. 719

Contract surgeons (See Mileage), Page.

authorized 436, 438

number of 428

limitation on number of, suspended 428

to attend families of officers and men 433

Converse, Thomas,

to do duty of brigade-major pro tempore 63

inspector 99, 100

Conway, Thomas,

appointed major-general 88

mentioned 58, 59, 60, 85, 88, 89, 91

Cooke, ,

mentioned 146

Cooking,

Medical officers to assist in supervision of, for the men 420

Cooks,

ten, allowed in the signal corps 626

Cooper, Samuel,

mentioned .. 52

Coopers,

authorized 261, 275

pay of, by whom regulated 262

mentioned 305

Copeland, Asa,

appointment of, as conductor of artillery, confirmed 568

Copper,

Governor of Virginia requested to purchase 544

Corbin, Henry C,

mentioned 52

Corn (see Indian Corn).

Cornell, E.,

mentioned 564

Cornell, Ezekiel,

appointment of, as inspector for main army announced 324

mentioned 324

Cornets,

subsistence money to, of horse 299

Corporals,

armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths to be designated as 590

Corps of artificers (see Artificers),

how organized 198

Corps of Engineers (see Engineering Department; Chief of Engineers),

uniform of the 18

organized 490,497,510,513,527,528,529

increased 498, 502, 503, 508, 509

commandant of the, by whom appointed 490

appointed 491

how selected 498

(see Shirts; Linen.)

returns of the officers of the, to be made 492

accepted commutation in lieu of half-pay 495

memorial on necessity for a 495

to constitute a military academy 497, 498

professors attached to the 497, 498

enlisted men in the, authorized 497

(see Board of Engineers; Engineer officers; Engineer soldiers.)

retained 499

assistant in the, authorized 499, 500

(see Paymasters. )
respecting appointments and promotions in the 511,512,519

Cokps of Topographical Engineers (see Vacancies),

organized 502

increased 508, 509

special duties assigned to colonel of the 505

details of officers of the 503,505

abolished 509

720 INDEX.

Couloux and Penet, (Messrs.), v&ge.

mentioned 555

contract with 555

Court-martial,

respecting depositions in trials by 125, 133

attendance of civilian witnesses 125, 130, 132, 133

duties of the judge-advocate of a 129, 133, 134

Cowan, Isaac,

commissioned captain of artillery 549

to receive additional pay 550

mentioned 550, 560

Cox, John,

appointed assistant quartermaster-general 156

to employ a deputy to attend Congress 156

Cox, Richard,

continued in the office of brigade major 65

mentioned 66

Craig, Henry K.,

mentioned 534

Craig, James,

mentioned 362

Craighill, William P.,

mentioned 483

Craigie, Andrew,

elected apothecary 389

snentioned . _ 362

Craik, James,

elected chief hospital physician 389

appointed chief physician and surgeon 392

mentioned 362, 392

Crane, Charles H.,

mentioned 362

Crane, Stephen,

member of committee 239, 536

Crawford, William,

mentioned 59

Crawford, William H.,

mentioned 5

Credit,

respecting purchase of rations on 687

Credits,

respecting, in drafts ordered 678, 679

Creditors,

settlement of claims of 178, 309, 318

payments to disloyal, forbidden 424, 472, 511 , 592, 686, 687

Crocket, James,

mentioned 593

Croghan, George,

appointed brigade major 61

inspector 89, 94

mentioned 86

Crook, Joseph,

appointed to superintend the hospital at New Windsor 400

Cuba,

pay of officers in, increased 47

issue of public stores to destitute inhabitants of 231, 356

arms, etc. , to the people of 604

Cumberland road,

mentioned 501

Cumming, William,

mentioned 140

Cushing, Nathaniel,

continued in the office of brigade-major 66

Cushing, Samuel T.,

mentioned 338

Cushing, Thomas H.,

mentioned 52, 86

INDEX. 721

CUSTOH-HOUSB, Page.
respecting compensation of topographical engineer charged with construc-
tion of, at New Orleans 505

Cutter, Ammi Ruhamah,

elected physician -general of hospital in Eastern Department 374

resignation accepted 378

mentioned 361

CVyi.er, Jacob,

elected deputy commissary-general of prisoners 262

Dabney, Charles,

to superintend the hospitals in Jersey 380

mentioned 380

Dalecarlia Reservoir,

mentioned 526

Dallam, Richard,

elected deputy paymaster-general for the flying camp 446

Dalton, Peter Roe,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Damages,

willful, to clothing, how punished 182, 205, 321

cost of, to arms or public supplies, how assessed 501, 515, 580, 687, 689

Dana, Francis,

member of committee 283

Davidson, John,

appointed brigade-major 62

Da vies, William,

to do the duty of adjutant-general pro tempore 61, 94

attached on the march to General Sterling's division 60, 90

appointed to act as subinspector 89

resigned 146

appointed deputy muster-master-general for the flying camp 632

Davis, Nelson H.,

reappointment of, in the Inspector-General's Department authorized 113

mentioned 86

Davis, Robert,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Day, Benjamin,

appointed brigade-major 57

Dayton, Elias,

member of committee 326

mentioned 190, 569

Dayton, Elias, (Colonel)

mentioned 59

Deane, Silas,

member of committee 239, 240, 535, 536, 537

mentioned 87, 142, 488

Dkarborne, ,

appointed deputy quartermaster to the main army 182

de Bouilli, ,

mentioned 90

de Borre, Prud' Homme,

mentioned 58, 59

De Bhahm, Ferdinand,

appointed engineer with rank of major 488

promoted lieutenant-colonel 495

services dispensed with <<. 495

Debts,

dues to the Government for moneys received, how paid 310

De Butts, Henry,

mentioned : 51, 85

Deep Waterways Commission,

respecting pay of engineer member of the 528

Deerskins,

purchase of 153, 246, 274

S. Doc. 229 46

722 INDEX.

Deficiencies (see Damages). Page-

De Gouvion, Jean Baptiste Obrey,

appointed major of engineers 487

lieutenant-colonel in the Army 488

to take command of the corps of sappers and miners 492

receive the brevet of colonel 494

granted leave of absence for six months 494

having served with distinguished merit, has leave to retire from the service
of the United States 495

mentioned 489, 491

De Hass, John P.,

mentioned 58, 59

De Kalb, John,

mentioned 90, 154

De la Balme, Mottin,

appointed inspector-general of cavalry 87

mentioned 8? , 87

resigned , 87

de La Fayette, Marie Jean Paul Joseph Yves Gilbert du Motier,

mentioned 60, 90, 9j . 100

Delafield, Richard,

mentioned 483

DE LA NEUVILLE, Sr., NoiRMONT,

appointed inspector of the Army under General Gates 90

pay and rations allowed to 90

mentioned - 90

De la Neuville, Jr., Noirmont,

to have rank of major by brevet 92

allowed pay and subsistence of a major 94

mentioned 91

De la Radiere, Baileul,

appointed colonel of engineers 487

colonel 488

mentioned 489

De Laumoy, ,

appointed colonel in the Army of the United States, as engineer 488

having served with distinguished merit, has leave to retire from the serv-
ice of the United States 495

mentioned 488, 489, 491

Delaware,

uniform of the, line 15

authorities of, requested to impress certain supplies 158, 289

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

provisions 306, 313

provisions furnished by, when deliverable 315

respecting purchase of flour in 287

to furnish flour 303, 304

cattle 310

Delaware River,

respecting improvement of the 528

Delezeume, Joseph,

to report why he assumed command of the sappers and miners at West

Point 495

De Murnand, John Barnard,

appointed major in the Corps of Engineers 490

Denny, Ebenezer,

mentioned 51

Dent, James T.,

mentioned 121

Dental surgeons,

authorized ; how appointed 438

Department of Education,

Commissioner of Public Buildings, etc., to furnish offices for the 511

Department of Issues,

placed under superintendency of the Board of War 302, 303

Resolves of Congress respecting the, repealed 318

Department of Military Stores,

report on state of the 560

INDEX. 723

Department of Military Stores Continued. Page.

pay and appointments of officers of the 562

artificers of the, in Pennsylvania to be removed to Carlisle 562

inspection of the, to the Eastward 564

certain resolves of Congress respecting the, repealed 567

chief of the, to submit property returns 569

Department of Purchases,

to be superintended by the Board of War 302, 303

Department of the Interior,

supervision of the Potomac waterworks transferred to the 509

Departments (see Staff Departments; Military Departments).
Dependent,

No one to be deemed, who is able to find employment . 657

Depositions,

may be taken in cases not capital 125

Depots,

of forage, where established 170

Quartermaster-General to establish 214

inspection of certain quartermasters 217

an officer of the Quartermaster's Department to be assigned to principal . 231, 232

Commissary Department to be assigned to principal 348

of arms, etc., to be established 580

Depreciation,

respecting, of continental bills of credit 17

De Rochefontaine, Bechet,

appointed captain in the Corps of Engineers 489

to receive the brevet of major 494

Deserters,

officers leaving their posts before acceptance of resignation deemed 32, 33

drafted men failing to report deemed 669, 678

expenses of arrest of, how paid 669

Desertion,

abettors of, by substitutes, how punished 679

Des Plaines River, III.,

respecting improvement of the 528

D'Estaing, ,

mentioned 287, 289, 642

Destitute,

no one to be deemed, who is able to find employment 657

Details,

regulates, for service in the Adjutant-General's Department 81 , 82

Inspector-General's Department 117, 118

Judge- Ad voca te-General' s Department 1 34,

135, 136

Quartermaster's Department 233, 234

Subsistence Department 357, 358

Medical Department 439

Pay Department 478, 479

Ordnance Department 606

Signal Corps 626, 627

respecting, of Pennsylvania militiamen as bakers 264

regimental surgeons for duty in hospitals 373, 384

. naval olhcers 500

for ambulance duty 420

duty as acting hospital stewards 434

of engineer officers 500, 501, 502, 505, 511, 512, 513, 514, 517, 518,

519, 520, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528

soldiers 504, 514, 529

for Signal Service 614, 616, 618, 619, 620, 621

service in Weather Bureau 622

Detroit, Mh h.,

respecting expedition against 157, 286

bridge at or near 518, 520

Detroit, Riveh,

respecting construction of bridge across the 518, 520

tunnel under the, near Detroit, Mich 524

724 . INDEX.

DeVillefranche, Page.

appointed major in the Corps of Engineers 488

promoted to rank of lieutenant-colonel by brevet 495

De Vrecourt, ,

appointed engineer in the service of the United States 487

DeWitt, Simeon,

appointed geographer 492

mentioned 484

Dexter, David,

appointed to act as brigade-major 56

Dexter, John Singer,

appointed assistant to the Adjutant-General 61

mentioned 64

DeWormser, ,

mentioned 90

Dickinson, John,

member of committee 537

Diet,

sick, to be prescribed by the Surgeon-General 417

Dike,

respecting, between Reedy Island and Listons Point, Pa 526

Dimon, David,

appointment of, as brigade-major confirmed 54

Director (see Pay; Rations),

and sub authorized for company of artificers 186

bakers 281

Director of Hospital (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage Wagons; Land),

in Virginia appointed 365

authorized 384

appointed 390

to take the oath of office 390

duties of 366,383,384,385,387,388,390

letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 394

mentioned 386,392,397,399

deputy, authorized 392

appointed 394

duties of 392

(See Medical committee. )

Director-general,

authorized 370

appointed 373,389

duties of 370, 371, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383

mentioned 369,371,372

deputy and assistant deputy authorized 370,377

appointed 374

duties of 370,371,372,373,374,

377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383

Director-general and chief physician,

authorized 363

appointed 364,367

duties of 363

Disbursing officers,

to make reports of moneys received and expended. .... 200, 336, 408, 462, 578

Discharge,

respecting, of officers for misconduct 12, 17

supernumerary staff officers 14, 17, 46, 74, 175, 208, 379, 468, 586

three months' pay allowed officers on 27, 47

travel allowances to officers on 47, 48

order for, of certain staff officers recalled 74, 208, 413, 468, 469

of supernumerary officers in barrackmaster's department 166-

State authorities empowered to, officers in commissary department 297

respecting, of men in hospitals 418, 420

drafted men 669

minors 674

of artillery artificers 563

part of enlisted force of the Signal Corps 622

Diseases (see Venereal diseases).

INDEX. 725

Dismissals, Page.

Quartermaster-General empowered to make 150, 151

of officers failing at examination 212, 347, 471, 591

for improper use of ambulances 422

Dispatches (see Telegraphic dispatches) .

District of Columbia,

mentioned 512, 515, 516, 519, 523, 524, 525, 527, 602

District Paymasters (see Pay; Forage),

authorized 460, 461

to give bonds 460,461,463

duties of 460, 461, 463, 465

allowance to, for paying militia 466

mentioned 463

assistant, authorized 462

to give bonds 463

Districts (see Enrollment Districts).

Divisions (see Inspectors; Military Divisions),

respecting staff of 45, 75, 79, 96, 106, 129, 151, 194, 203, 328, 420, 604, 633

Doughty, John,

appointed brigade major 62

Douglass, ,

mentioned 56

Dow, Alexander,

promoted captain in regiment of artillery artificers 559

Draft,

by whom made 668, 670, 677

respecting exemptions from 672, 674

enlistments in Southern States under a, how credited 677

in districts may be made for double the number of men required 677

Draft animals,

number of, limited 228*229

Drafted Men,

may furnish substitutes or pay commutation money 669, 671, 679

claims of, to exemption 669, 674

allowed traveling pay 669

furnishing substitutes to receive a certificate of discharge 670

may enlist in the Navy 671, 672

allowed transportation in lieu of traveling pay 678

to serve on desertion of their substitutes 680

Dragoons (see Horses),

uniform of light 16

respecting clothing for the 330, 332, 334

Draper, George,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

Drawing,

a teacher of, to be attached to Corps of Engineers 497

Drayton, Stephen,

elected deputy quartermaster-general for the Southern Department 159

Drayton, 'William Henry,

member of committee 15, 283, 457

Drew, Seth,

to do duty of inspector 100

Drovers,

pay of, by whom regulated 262

mentioned 305

Druggist,

appointed 367

Dsum, Richard C,

mentioned 52

Drumheads,

sheepskins and calf skins to be saved for 31 1 , 562

Duane, James,

member of committee 14, 15, 87, 253, 488

mentioned 102, 127

Duaxe, James C,

mentioned 483

Dv Barry, Beek.man,

mentioned 238

726 INDEX.

Du Cambray, , Page.

annexed to Corps of Engineers with rank and pay of lieutenant-colonel.. 489

granted leave for twelve months 494

promoted to rank of colonel by brevet 495

Duck,

to be made up into tents ' 179, 181, 182

Du Coudray, Philip Charles Jean Baptiste Tronson,

appointed inspector-general of ordnance and military manufactories, with

rank of major-general 548

appointed inspector-general of ordnance and military stores 87

mentioned 85, 87, 488, 534

DULUTH,

respecting harbor of 526

Dunn, Isaac Budd,

appointed brigade major 56

to act as adjutant-general pro tempore 57

mentioned 57

Du Portail, Louis Le Begue,

appointed colonel of engineers " 487

to take rank and command of all engineers heretofore appointed 487

appointed brigadier-general 488

to have rank of major-general 494

granted leave of absence for six months 494

having served with distinguished merit, has leave to retire from service in

the United States 495

mentioned ... 483, 488, 489, 490, 491

Durant, Thomas,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Duval, ,

appointed to act as brigade major 59

Du Veil, -,

to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491

Dyer, Alexander B.,

mentioned 534

Dyer, Eliphalet,

member of committee 283, 364

Dyer, Thomas,

to do duty as brigade major 55

Dunn, William McK.,

mentioned 121

Eagan, Charles P.,

mentioned 238

Eastern Department,

appointment in the, of officers of the department of issues .-. 264, 269

purchases 269

Pay Department 446, 449

Medical Department 374

supervision of medical affairs in the 379

Eastern States,

respecting flour for the 288

magazines of ammunition to be formed in the 545

Eaton, Amos B.,

mentioned 238

Eayres, Joseph,

excused from further service 561

Edmonston, Samuel,

promoted to rank of hospital physician and surge< m 395

Educational Division,

of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen continued 661, 662

Edwards, Thomas,

elected judge-advocate 127

appointment of, announced to the Army 127

appointed deputy judge-advocate 125

allowed additional pay 126

mentioned 121

INDEX. 727

Elaboratory {see Laboratory). Page.

Election District,

how construed for purposes of enrollment 676

Ellery, William,

member of committee " 247

Elliott, James.

appointed assistant.geographer to the United States 494

mentioned 494, 495

Elliot and Williams (Messrs. )

mentioned 328

Ellsworth, Oliver,

member of committee 14

Embargo {see Exportation),

on provisions in North Carolina 280

general, on provisions, live stock, etc : 286

continued 289

respecting exemptions from 289

Embezzlement,

means to prevent 149

punishment for 177, 308, 383, 561

Emersov, Moses,

pay and rations al lowed to, as storekeeper 244

Emory, Richard,

to do duty as brigade major 59

Employees,

pay of certain, in the department of issues 244

Engineering Department {see Corps of Engineers),

three companies established in the 489

Engineer Commissioner,

of District of Columbia may be detailed from Corps of Engineers 524

water department to be under the 519

Engineer of the Potomac Waterworks,

office of, abolished; duties of, by whom performed 507

Engineer officers {see Pay; Rations; Forage),

detail of 500,501,502,503,504,505,506,510,614

allowances to, superintending public works 503

disbursing moneys on public works to receive no compensation therefor. . 503
{See Topographical Engineers.)

authorized 496

appointed 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491

authorized for the Southern Department 485

no longer needed to be f urloughed 23

not subject to extra-professional duty 498, 514

in charge of Library building to receive active pay of his grade 526

respecting appointment of, in authorized engineer regiments 527

pay of, member of deep waterways commission 528

Engineer soldiers {see Sappers and miners),

companies of, added to Corps of P^igineers 508, 509

to form a battalion 510

detail of, for signal duty 614, 616

l.M.ROKSERS,

States to authorize seizure of goods, etc., in hands of 273

Enlisted men (see Pay; Clothing; Rations; Subsistence money),

respecting purchase of articles of clothing by 16, 142

extra pay to, detailed for quartermasters' uses 145

on discharge to certain 47

{see Detail; Blankets; Venerevl disease.)

respecting issue of rum to 310

discharge of, in hospitals 418, 420

enlisting tor the war, to receive a suit of clothes 247

authorized for the Hospital Corps 433,434

Ordnance Department 583

Signal < ' >rps 613, 615, 617, 618, 623, 625, 626

uniform of, of the Ambulance Corps 422

I'risoners ok H \K. I

respecting mode of payment to 476

issue of tobacco to 35

may wear badges of corps in which they served 36, 39, 43, 48

728 INDEX.

Enlisted men Continued. Page.

provisions of pension laws apply to, of the staff corps 208, 342, 413, 504, 586

maimed, may receive artificial limbs 425, 432

may be detailed in Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 657

serving in Arctic regions entitled to commutation of quarters 690

Enrolling officers,

authorized 668

disabled in line of duty entitled to pensions 680

Enrollment,

boards of, how composed and their duties 668

of men may be made by classes 668

by classes repealed 672

men exempt from 672

resistance to, how punished 673

foreigners not exempt from . 674

revised 678

Enrollment districts,

how constituted 667

President to assign number of men to be furnished by 668

Entrenching tools,

agent authorized for purchase of 155

to receive and care for, appointed 157

Envelopes,

special, for official business 38

Equipments,

to be provided for a body of horse 147

the Southern army 563

cost of repairs or damage to, against whom charged 580

Erskine, Robert,

may be appointed geographer and surveyor 448

mentioned 1 484, 492

Erwing, John,

appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 272

Estimates,

to be lodged at the war office 20

made yearly for clothing and disbursements for same 319

respecting, of hospital stores 384

ordnance and ordnance stores 556

Europe,

United States agents in, to effect importation of salt 261

Eustis, William,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

Everson, George,

commissioned captain deputy commissary of military stores 550

Ewing, George,

appointed commissary of hides 265

mentioned 238

Examination (see Medical board),

officers under rank of brigadier-general subject to, before promotion 44

of officers of the Quartermaster's Department 211

Subsistence Department 346

Medical Department 419, 429, 434, 436, 437

Pay Department 470

Corps of Engineers 509, 514, 525

Signal Corps 623

candidates for appointment as surgeon or mate 368

assistant surgeon 411, 429

promotion in the Hospital Department 396

civilians for appointment as paymasters 477

officers and men for signal duty 614, 616

persons for position of hospital steward 433

Exchanges,

partial or parole, disapproved 643

respecting 644

when may be made 644

States requested to make no 645

report of, to be made 647

respecting, of marine prisoners 650

President to make regulations for, of prisoners of war 651

INDEX. 729

Executive Mansion, Page,

respecting extension of the ., 528

Exemption,

States requested to grant, from militia duty in certain cases 277

embargo 289

persons entitled to, from draft 672

claims to, from draft, how made 674

fraudulent, from draft, how punished 674

persons furnishing substitutes entitled to, from service 679

Exercises,

respecting system of military 89, 90, 92, 96

1 '. X ('EDITION,

respecting proposed, against Detroit 157, 286

Expenses,

respecting reduction of army 14

inquiry into, of the staff departments 17

of witnesses before courts-martial, how paid 125

for arrest of deserters, by whom paid 669

Experiments,

respecting, and tests of heavy ordnance 593

Explorations,

for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean 506

Exportation (see Embargo),

of salted provisions from New York forbidden 245

produce, etc., for arms and ammunition authorized 536, 537, 539, 690

ordnance and ordnance stores forbidden 573

Expresses,

Quartermaster-General to furnish all extraordinary 189

Express rider,

entitled to one wagon or two bathorses 172

Extortioners (see Engrossers),

States requested to authorize seizure of clothing held by 277

Extra pay,

to officers of the volunteer staff when discharged 47

enlisted men of the Corps of Engineers 512

men detailed for quartermasters' uses 145

Eysandeav, William,

appointed to superintend the general military hospital 394

F.
Factories (see Gun Factories).
Fairweather Island, Conn.,

works on, mentioned 504

Fanski, Adjutant,

appointed to do duty as brigade-major pro tempore 60

Farnesworth, Joseph,

pay and rations allowed to, as commissary 245

Fakragut, David G.,

mentioned 614

Ewssoux, Peter,

elected chief physician of the hospital 394

mentioned 362

Feather River, Cal.,

relative to improvement of the 526

Fees,

respecting, in claims for exemption from draft 675

Fellows, John,

mentioned 55, 56

Few, William,

member of committee 326, 457

mentioned 190, 569

Field artillery.

jruns for, to lx? purchased 544

captured guns to be mounted if fit for 544

respecting purchase of copper, etc., for casting brass 544

Fl KID CONDUCTOR OK MILITARY STORES (see 1 J AYJ RATIONS; FOBAOS),

authorized 556,560,5(57

duties of 557, 558

730 INDEX.

Field conductor of military stores Continued. Page.

to be appointed to each brigade . 559

allowed one wagon or two bathorses 559, 568

mentioned 565

deputy, to call on issuing commissaries for sheepskins 565

Finley, Clement A.,

mentioned 362

Finney, William,

appointed deputy quartermaster-general 143

Fire,

measures for avoidance of, in powder magazines 566, 567

Firearms (see Arms; Muskets),

continental factory of, mentioned 541

Firelocks (nee Muskets).

Fish, Nicholas,

appointed brigade major 55

inspector 89

to perform the duties of division inspector 96

mentioned 96

Fisher, Benjamin F.,

mentioned 611

Flag of truce,

sending of, by whom authorized 644

Flagler, Daniel W.,

mentioned ; 534

Flags,

respecting, for regiments 143

signal, by whom furnished 186

Fleet,

a surgeon to be appointed for the, fitting out on the lakes 367

French, to be furnished with provisions 287

mentioned 289

Fleming, Edward,

appointed deputy adjutant-general 54

Fleury, Lewis,

appointed brigade major 59

attached, on the march, to General Lee's division 60, 90

to act as subinspector 89

voted a silver medal 94

sent as captain of engineers to General Washington 487

promoted lieutenant-colonel 488

mentioned 94, 100

Flints,

importation of, authorized 538

employment of persons to manufacture, authorized 541

imported, how distributed 548, 546

to be purchased 555

Florida,

rations for certain inhabitants of 341

Flour (see Indian meal; Barrels),

magazines of, to be established 157

importation of, authorized 250, 278

certain, to be baked into biscuits .-. 264

may be issued to the troops 267

respecting distribution of cargoes of 271

to be purchased 278, 280, 287

respecting, for the Eastern States , 288

States requested to authorize seizure of, in hands of engrossers 287

furnish 303, 304

furnished by States, how paid for 307

part of, furnished by Maryland may be retained in the State 310

quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 312, 313

when deliverable 314, 315, 316

mentioned 291

Flour barrels (see Barrels).

Flower, Benjamin,

elected commissary of military stores for the flying camp 542

to purchase 200 rifles and accouterments 547

INDEX. 731

Flower, Benjamin Continued. Page.

mentioned 164, 533, 534, 550, 553, 554, 555, 559, 562, 564

Flying camp,

assistant to deputy quartermaster-general to the, appointed 144

medical officers appointed for the 366, 367

deputy paymaster-general appointed for the 446

commissary of military stores for the, appointed 542

deputy muster master-general for the, authorized 633

appointed 632

Flying hospital,

senior surgeon appointed in the 382

Fogg, Jeremiah,

appointed brigade-major. 65

continued in the office of brigade-major 66

Forage (see Commissary op forage; Forage masters),

money allowance for 18, 21,

25, 27, 28, 67, 68, 70, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128, 192, 199, 402, 406, 407, 458

allowance to officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 57,

63,64,65,66,71,188,189

Inspector-General's Department 94,

95, 96, 102, 108, 188, 189

Judge- Advocate-General's Department 124,

126, 127, 129, 188, 189

Quartermaster's Department 151,

188, 189, 191, 196, 198, 199, 205, 206, 218, 224
Commissary Department . . 188, 254, 296, 305, 308, 317
Medical Department . . 189, 375, 388, 399, 400, 408, 411

Pay Department 188, 454, 456, 458, 459, 463

Ordnance Department 579

muster department 634

department of military stores 188, 552, 561, 568

general and other officers 33, 40, 41, 42, 57, 63, 174, 187, 188, 189

commissary of prisoners 189, 647, 651

engineers 188,189,486

geographer 189, 495

provost-marshal 1 88

State clothiers 296

superintendent of bakers 318

not allowed to officers absent exceeding six months 32

when commutation ot, is allowed 33, 40

in kind may be furnished 38, 40, 42, 220

allowance of, to public horses 148. 167, 170, 187

to be purchased 155

for the horses of the French minister 157, 164

members of Congress 164, 1 79

no wheat to be purchased for 157, 288, 290

how obtained in emergencies 159

driver of public wagon entitled to 163

quotas of States to be furnished in 166

how paid for 166, 1<>7

how obtained for public horses 170, 175

detained horses 171

magazines Of , to Ik; provided 179

States to be requested to furnish 180

issue of, to detachments of sailors or marines 202, 223

respecting, for officers serving east of the Mississippi River 227

mentioned 176, 180, 209, 213

Forage Master General,

to make return ot all his assistants 165

Forage Masters (we Pay; Rations),

authorize- 1 148, 169, 197, 206

l>v whom appointed 156,201

duties of lis. I \'.i. 170

allowance of forage to 197, 198, 206, 224

subject to military law 197

names of, to 1m- reported to board of war 150

deranged in L875, entitled to three months' pay 203

782 index.

Forbes, James, Page-
member of committee 1 64, 300

Ford, Jacob, jr.,

to manufacture saltpeter into gunpowder 540

Ford's Theater,

mentioned 525

Foreigners,

not exempt from draft 674

Forestallers (see Engrossers),

States requested to authorize seizure of goods, etc. , held by 273

Forges,

conductors of military stores to have traveling 559

all, in hands of conductors of military stores, how disposed of 568

traveling cavalry, allowed ambulance corps of divisions 422

Forgue, Francis,

elected surgeon-general of hospital in Northern Department 374

mentioned 361

Forms,

blank, of contracts, etc. , by whom furnished 686, 687

Fort George, N. Y.,

hospital at, reserved for contagious diseases 368

Fort Herkimer, N. Y.,

mentioned 571

Fortifications (see Inspector of fortifications),

armament of certain 571 , 572

to be erected at Annapolis, Md 573

respecting plan of necessary 500

construction of temporary, in cases of emergency 526

ports at which, are required to be reported 520, 601

Fort Myer, Va.,

mentioned 620

Fort Pitt, N. Y.,

proper magazines to be laid up in 324

arms to be sent to 546, 547

field conductor of military stores at, authorized 567

Forts,

teste of best stone, to resist heaviest guns 511

construction of temporary, in cases of emergency 526

Fosdick, Thomas,

appointed brigade-major 58

Foster, Isaac,

to take direction and superintendency of the general hospital 364

elected deputy director-general of hospital in Eastern Department 374

Foundries,

examination to be made of certain 544

respecting erection of a, for brass ordnance 551

artillery artificer employed in 552

to be visited when thought necessary 557

Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565

respecting establishment of 574

manufacture of iron cannon at, how superintended 586

France,

commissioners in, to forward uniforms, blankets, etc.-. 251, 252

disposition of clothing shipped from 322

arms and military stores shipped from 565

Franking privilege,

conferred on heads of bureaus; franked matter may be conveyed without

indorsement or name of writer 34, 38

exercised only by written autograph signatures 36, 38

to whom specifically granted 73, 111, 205, 340, 465

abolished r 38,681

"Franklin" (armed schooner),

mentioned 541

Franklin, Benjamin,

member of committee 239, 535, 536, 537

mentioned 488

Frazer, John Gizzage,

appointed assistant to the Quartermaster-General 141

INDEX. 733

Frazer, Persifor, Pa &e.

elected Clothier-General - 297

declined 1 297

mentioned , 238, 297

Freedmen,

provisions may be issued to destitute 655

tracts of land for use of loyal 656

all loyal, under care of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 656

measures in aid of 658

certain buildings constructed for, may be sold 662

mentioned r 671

Freedmen' s hospitals,

to be continued at designated points 662

French, Samuel,

commissioned major, commissary of military stores with the army 550

mentioned 533

French army,

barrackmaster appointed to the 181

French language,

teacher of the, authorized 497

French squadron (see 'Fleet).

Freight charges,

ordnance appropriations not to be used to pay 607

Frontiers,

ration increased for men serving on the 329, 330

Frost, George,

member of committee 254

Frothingham, Richard,

appointment of, as field commissary of military stores, confirmed 568

mentioned 534

Fry, James B.,

mentioned 665

Fuel,

officers absent exceeding six months not entitled to 32

may be furnished 38, 40, 41, 220

allowance of, or commutation for, prohibited 41

to be issued to the troops 143

who entitled to draw 183, 220

in kind only to storekeepers in Quartermaster's Department 208

respecting, for hospitals 376

issues of, to destitute refugees and freedmen 655

mentioned 37,209,213,643

Funds (see Bounty fund; Contingent fund),

respecting, for the Southern Department 158

Department of Military Stores 551 , 557

guards for safe conveyance of 184

Furlough,

officers on, not entitled to pay or forage beyond time granted 18

no longer needed may be granted 23

of the Hospital Department on, not entitled to pay, etc 388, 400

Furman, Moore,

mentioned 176

Furnace,

respecting enlargement of the, at Salisbury 543

Fusees (see Muskets).

Gadsden, Christopher,

member of committee 239, 536

Gadsden, James,

mentioned 52, 86

Gales, Thomas,

mentioned 121

Galvan, ,

to be commissioned a major and employed as inspector 95

appointed division inspector 1 00

authority for employment of, in the insi>ector8hip repealed 102

Gambier, Admiral,

mentioned 642

734 INDEX.

Gamble, James, Page.

appointed deputy commissary-general 316

Garardeau, John Bohun,

appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 265

Gardens,

vegetable, to be kept in hospital grounds 250, 368

establishment of regimental, recommended 326

Gardner, Charles K.,

mentioned 52, 86

Garrison equipage,

Quartermaster-General Jto receive and distribute all 204, 340

Gates, Horatio,

authorized to dismiss supernumerary staff officers in his command 14

to appoint necessary staff officers for the Southern army 17

chosen adjutant-general with rank of brigadier-general 53

appointment announced to the Army 53

Congress desire that he resume the office of adjutant-general 57

authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for Northern Department . 57

appointment by, of a deputy adjutant-general, confirmed, if made 58

authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Southern army . . 62

appointment of a deputy judge-advocate by, confirmed, if made 124

authorized to appoint a deputy paymaster-general for the Southern army. 454
mentioned 3, 14, 51, 57, 59, 60, 61, 90, 175, 183, 248, 269, 272, 448, 542", 543, 648

General officers (see Rations; Forage; .Lands),

uniform of 18

allowed a 4-horse baggage wagon 172

General Regulations (see Regulations),

to be prepared defining duties of the general staff 27

Geographers (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 488

appointed 492, 493

to main army styled ' ' Geographer of the United States of America " 493

for main and Southern armies allowed one baggage wagon 495

assistant, appointed 494

mentioned 495

George III,

mentioned 12

Georgetown, D. C,

mentioned 511

Georgia,

uniform of the, line 15

agent in, authorized for supplying clothing 264

appointment of certain staff officers in, authorized 124, 152, 264, 448, 451, 635

respecting certain staff officers in . 158, 289, 290, 450, 452

arms for the defense of 558

Gerard, (French Minister),

to be furnished horses and forage 157

mentioned 489

Gerry, Elbrige,

member of committee 14, 253, 283

Gibson, George,

mentioned 140, 238

Gibson, James,

commissioned first lieutenant of artillery artificers. . . .* 549

Gilliland, James,

to be commissioned captain-lieutenant of sappers and miners 491

promoted to rank of captain 493

Gilman, John Taylor,

member of committee 828, 457

mentioned 190, 569

Gilman, Nicholas,

appointed assistant to the Adjutant-General 61

Girardeau, T. B.,

resigned 291

Glover, John,

mentioned 58, 89

Goddard, John,

appointed wagon master general 141

INDEX. 735

Godfrey, Will. E., Page.

commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery 549

excused from further service 561

Goodwin, Wilson,

promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395

Gostelow, Jonathan,

commissioned major, commissary of military stores 549

mentioned 534

Gould, David,

mentioned 391

Government Printing Office,

building for the, to be constructed by Chief of Engineers 526, 528

Grade,

of captain in Adjutant-General's Department abolished 76

Graduates.

respecting appointment of, of dental colleges 438

Grain,

cargoes of, to be provided for army in Eastern Department 271

respecting, in hands of engrossers 158, 289

Grant, Ulysses S.,

mentioned 5

Gratiot, Charles,

mentioned 483

Graves (see Headstones).
Gray, Ebenezer,

appointed brigade-major 55

Gray, James,

appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 290

mentioned 316

Gray, Samuel.

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk and magazine keeper 244

Gray, Samuel,

appointed deputy commissary -general of issues for Eastern Department . . 265
Great Kanawha River, West Virginia,

respecting construction of bridge across the 522

('KEELY, AdOLPHIS W.,

mentioned 611

Gkeen and Barren River Navigation Company,

mentioned 521

Green, Griffin,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Greene, Nathaniel,

appointed Quartermaster-General 156

to retain his rank as major-general in the Army 156

continued in office of Quartermaster-General 175

to furnish his successor with complete returns of all officers and property

of the Quartermaster's Department 176, 177

mentioned 103, 140, 176, 179, 180, 183, 184, 399

Gridley, Richard,

conditionally continued chief engineer in the army at Cambridge 485

to be considered as a retiring officer after January 1 , 1 781 492

mentioned 483, 492, 545, 563

Griffin, Samuel,

elected deputy adjutant-general 55

Grosvenor, Thom us,

appointed to the duty of deputy adjutant-general 64

subinspector 94

Guam,

respecting improvement of a harbor at 528

Guards,

to be provided for safe conveyance of money 184

respecting, at hospitals 371

Gulf coast,

relative to erection of gun factories mi the 524

Gun factories,

respecting erection of 524, 602

Gunlock rACTOST,

at Trenton, N. J., mentioned 541

736 INDEX.

Gunpowder, Page.

respecting exchange of, for deerskins 246

importation of 536, 539

amount of public, to be reported 536

inspectors of, authorized 542

appointed 542

respecting, for use in proving cannon 540, 543

imported, how disposed of 546

purchase of, authorized 547, 555

to be furnished to the Southern army 563

exportation of, forbidden 573

imported, to be free of duty 573

Guns (see Muskets; Cannon; Ordnance),

relative to tests of best stone forts to resist heaviest 511

disposition of imported 565

breech-loading, to be contracted for 602

imported, to be free of duty 604

mentioned '. 602, 604

Gunsmiths,

colonies requested to set their, at work making muskets 537, 543

Gusdon, Peter,

appointed brigade major 55

Hagan, Francis,

appointed senior surgeon in the general hospital 383

hospital physician and surgeon 389

mentioned 395

Haite, Nicholas,

mentioned 548

Half pay,

granted to officers serving during the war 13, 15, 380, 390, 391

extended to continue for life 453

widows of officers 19, 24, 25, 26

five years' full pay offered in lieu of 22

lists of officers accepting, or commutation to be furnished their States 23

for wounds or disability 25

officers accepting commutation of, mentioned 66, 495

to officers of the Medical Department, how calculated 401

Hall, C,

to superintend hospital at Brunswick 380

mentioned 380

Hall, ,

member of committee 239, 246, 247, 365, 367, 536

Halsted, John,

appointment of, as commissary for army before Quebec, confirmed 243

Hamilton, Alexander,

mentioned 86

Hammond, William A.,

mentioned 362

Hancock, Ebenezer,

Elected deputy paymaster-general for the Eastern Department 446

mentioned 449

Hancock, John,

mentioned 54

Hand, Edward,

elected Adjutant-General 64

continued in the office of Adjutant-General 65

mentioned 51, 62, 95, 283

Harbors,

along water front of Washington and Georgetown to be examined 511

(See Ice harbor.)

improvement of, at Kewaunee, Wis 519

surveys of 519,522

improvement of, at St. Augustine and Key West 522

deep-water, between Points Duma and Capistrans 524

INDEX. 737

Harbors Continued. Page.

of refuge at Port Orford, Oreg 524

inspection of safe deep, on coast of Texas 525

deep-water, on the California coast 525

of Superior and Duluth 526

improvement of a, at Guam 528

emergency appropriations for, how expended 528

Hard bread,

effectual measures to be taken for supplying 321

Hardman, Henry,

appointed brigade major 62

mentioned 62

Hardy, William,

elected paymaster for the North Carolina Light Horse 448

Harmar, Josiah,

appointed subinspector 94

Harness.

North Carolina requested to purchase leather and deerskins for 153

Harper, Johx,

to do the duty of brigade major 58

Harpers Ferry, Va.,

pay of superintendent of the armory at 581, 584

office of superintendent of armory at, abolished 585

Harrison, Benjamin, Jr.,

elected paymaster for troops in Virginia 446

Harrison, Robert,

appointed to muster Colonel Richardson's battalion 634

Hartley, Thomas,

mentioned 59

Harvie, John,

mentioned 282

Haskell, Elnathon,

appointed to act as brigade major 59

Haskell, Jonathan,

mentioned i 51, 86

Hats,

importation of, authorized 263

returns to be made of men who have not received 326

not to be purchased until old stock is exhausted 222

Hawaiian Islands,

actual expenses only allowed for travel to and from the 46

pay of officers serving in the, increased 47

Hawkins, John P.,

mentioned 238

Hay,

quotas of States to \>e furnished in Kit;

how paid for 166

ration of, for horses 1 70

mentioned 167

Hay, Cdney,

appointed brevet lieutenant-colonel and assistant deputy quartermaster-
general 147

not entitled to office or rank conferred under former arrangement of the

Quartermaster's Department 156

Hays, Stock lev I>.,

mentioned 121

Hazen, M<

mentioned 61 , 65, 66, 95

Hazen, William B.,

mentioned 611

Headstones,

in national cemeteries, how marked 219, 221, 226

authorized in private, village, or city cemeteries 227

Heard, Nathaniel,

niriitioned : 55

Heath, William, /

mentioned 53,66,64, 164, 642

S. Doc. 229 47

738 INDEX.

Henderson, Alexander, Page.

commissioned captain deputy commissary of military stores 550

resigned 559

Henley, David,

appointed brigade major 53

to do duty as brigade major 55

appointed deputy adjutant-general 56

mentioned 56

Hennepin Canal,

mentioned 521

Henry, ,

mentioned _ 648

Henry, Patrick,

member of committee 239, 536

mentioned 286, 298, 555

Henry, William,

appointment of, as public armorer confirmed 554

Herkins, William,

pay and rations allowed to 245

Herriott, William,

appointment of, as clerk in department of military stores confirmed 568

Hewes, Joseph,

member of committee 239, 247, 536, 540

Heyward, Thomas, Jr.,

member of committee 87, 365, 488

Hickman, Ky.,

respecting location of bridge across Mississippi River at 522

Hicks, Benjamin,

continued in the office of brigade major 65

Hides,

care and treatment of 249, 261

raw, may be exchanged for tanned leather 263

respecting transportation of raw or unmanufactured 102

issue of raw, for moccasins 270

regulations to be made for department of 285

to whom delivered 291, 547

how credited 307

returns of, to whom made 321

dried, to be imported ., 547

HlLTZHEIMER, JACOB,

to provide for horses belonging to members of Congress 164

mentioned 17^

Hitchcock, Lyman,

to do duty as brigade major 59

Hodgdon, Samuel,

appointed deputy commissary-general of military stores 559

pay of 559

elected commissary -general of military stores 565

continued in that office 568

mentioned 140, 534

Hoff, John,

appointment of, as clerk in department of military stores confirmed 568

Hoffman, Valentine,

commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers'. 648

Holabird, Samuel B.,

mentioned 140

Hollingsworth, Henry,

suspended 175

mentioned 175

Holt, Joseph,

mentioned 121

Homes (see Soldiers' Home; National Homes for Disabled Volunteers).

Hoops, Robert,

elected deputy commissary -general of issues 264

mentioned 265

Hopkins, Gerard, 4

appointed deputy quartermaster 147

INDEX. 739

Hopkins, Jared, Page,

mentioned 153

Hopkins, Mark,

appointed brigade major 55

Hopkins, S.,

mentioned 274

Hopkins, Stephen,

member of committee 239, 536, 538, 540

Horns,

of cattle killed to be made into powder horns 1 42, 242, 538

whom delivered 291

Horse equipage (see Equipments).

Horse litters (see Litters).

Horses (see Bathorses; Saddle horses; Forage),

impressment of, authorized 142

to be avoided as much as possible 146

number of, in public stables to be reported 147

purchase of, how made 150

of members of Congress to be cared for 156, 164, 179

authorized for use of French minister 157

respecting pay for, killed in action 14, 16, 19,21, 24, 157

wounded or captured 21

payment of expenses of, of general officers 11

cavalry, to be" procured 180

dragoon, to be sold 190

number of draft, limited 228

mentioned 145, 146, 150, 152, 155, 157, 167, 171, 179, 180, 202, 387

Horse teams,

respecting substitution of ox teams for 158

Horse yard,

orders on, by whom given 171

HORTON, AZARIAH,

appointed deputy commissary-general of musters 635

Hospital chaplains,

entitled to draw clothing 381

authorized at each permanent hospital 418

to be afforded necessary facilities 429

Hospital commissaries,

and assistants entitled to draw clothing 381

respecting orders from, for rations 382

Hospital Corps,

how constituted 433, 434

Hospital Department (see Medical Department; Subsistence money; For-
age),

officers of the, entitled to benefits from Yorktown capitulation 19

to be furnished transportation for removal of sick and wounded 179

appointment of officers in the 373, 374, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398

respecting use of wagons annexed to the 376

regulations for the 377, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 392, 393, 396, 397, 404, 405

resolves of Congress relating to the, to be arranged 382

officers of the, entitled to draw clothing 311

not to be concerned in trade 388

to take the oath of office 390

vacancies in the, how filled 395

chief of, to transmit returns of property 401

Hospital Director (see Director-Genera i.i .

Hospital physicians (see Pay; Forage; Land),

authorized 384,392

appointment of 385>, 394, 395

duties of 385,386,387,389

vacancies of, how filled 395

HoflPITALS (see Blankets; Gardens: I. misted men; Wagons Flying Hos-
pital),

allowance for cutting wood for use of 190

clothing to be issued to convalescents in 278

respecting charges for treat n >cnt of secret diseases in 12,376

establishment of 363, 866, 868, 375, 383, 391, 405, 648

respecting issue of provisions for 267, 306, 376

740 INDEX.

Hospitals Continued. Page.

medicines to be provided for 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369

antiscorbutics to be provided for use of the 368

at Fort George for treatment of contagious diseases 368

respecting inspections of 101, 420

appointment of officers for duty in, authorized 363,

368, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, 384, 404, 409

officers appointed for duty in 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 378, 389, 390, 392, 395, 398

certain, to be visited 374, 376

respecting assignment of officers of the 380

erection of stoves in 376

female nurses in, authorized 416, 430

respecting diet for the sick in 417, 429, 430

(See Providence Hospital; Columbia Hospital; Freedmen's Hospital,
Hot Springs, Ark.)

modern military, to be erected at Fort Leavenworth 437

noncombatants may be assigned to duty in 674

mentioned 417, 423

Hospital stewards (see Pay; Rations; Subsistence money; Clothing; For-
age),

authorized 371 , 384, 387, 392, 404, 407, 409, 414, 417, 424, 427, 429, 430, 433, 438

duties of 396

how appointed 396, 404, 414, 424, 427, 430, 433

to take the oath of office 390

in service one year entitled to clothing 381

number of, reduced 436

reduction of number of, suspended 437

mentioned 386, 389, 410

Hospital stores,

estimates of, to be submitted 384

respecting transportation of 387

in Virginia 391

Hospital surgeons (see Hospital physicians; Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 404, 409

how appointed 397, 404, 407

duties of 408

rank of, regulated 399

authorized to be retained 409

mentioned 373,398,407,410

Hospital surgeon's mates (see Pay; Rations; Subsistence money),

authorized 364,365,370,371,384,404,407,409

how appointed 368, 396

duties of 386, 398, 408

no appointments of, to be made to fill vacancies 395

mentioned 366, 372, 386, 395, 410

Hostlers (see Pay; Rations),

allowed to hospitals 371

Hot Springs, Ark.,

an army and navy hospital to be erected at 432

How, Baxter,

mentioned 183

Howard, John E.,

member of committee 326, 457

mentioned : 190, 569

Howard, Oliver O.,

mentioned 653

Howe, Robert,

mentioned 124, 291

Howe, William,

mentioned 643

Howell, Jr., Joseph,

mentioned 443

Howell, Richard,

appointed brigade major 56

elected judge-advocate 127

mentioned 121, 127

Howitzers,

to be contracted for 1 545

INDEX. 741

Howley, Richard, Page.

mentioned 565

Hudson, Jonathan,

elected paymaster in Baltimore 447

excused therefrom by Congress 449

Hudson River, N. Y.,

respecting supplies for army on or near the 281

hospital to be established for the army on the 368

respecting obstructions in the 524

mentioned 370

Hughes, Messrs. Daniel and Samuel,

contract to be made with, for 1,000 tons of cannon 542

Hughes, Daniel,

mentioned 554

Hughes, Hugh,

appointed assistant quartermaster-general 143

Hughes, Samuel,

mentioned 554

Hui.ing, John,

appointed brigade inspector 89

Hull, William,

appointed brigade inspector 89

Humphreys, Andrew A.,

mentioned . 483

Humphreys, Charles,

member of committee 540

Humphreys, Whitehead,

mentioned 550

Huntingdon, Samuel,

member of committee 539, 540

mentioned 145

Huntington, Ebenezer,

to assist the Adjutant-General 56

Huntington, Jedediah,

mentioned 58, 60

Hutch ins, Thomas,

appointed geographer to the Southern Army 493

mentioned 484, 495

Huts,

respecting erection of, for the troops 154

Hyrne, Edmund,

elected deputy adjutant-general for the Southern Department 61

I.
Ice harbor,

relative to, at St. Louis, Mo 519

Illinois and Michigan Canal,

mentioned 519, 521

Illinois Riveh,

respecting improvement of the 528

Illinois Territory,

respecting pay of the general staff of, while in service 465

Imbret, Jean Louis,

to be employed as engineer 487

Importation,

respecting, of provisions 250, 278

clothing 251,263

salt 261,271

hides....: 263,547

arms, etc 536,537,539,541,543,573

lead, flints, and tin 538

Impressment,

respecting, <>f carriages, horses, etc 142, 270

provisions 155, 158, 268, 277, 289

goods, etc., in Philadelphia 159,290

articles of clothing 268,275

wagons, shallops, etc 270

of carriages and horses to be avoided as much as possible 146

742 INDEX.

Indianapolis, Ind., Page,

an arsenal to be established at 591

Indianapolis Arsenal,

mentioned 524

Indian corn,

to be purchased 251

exportation of, prohibited 286

quotas of States to be furnished in 166, 303

how paid for 166

Indian depredations,

rations to be furnished Floridian surfers from ". 341

Indian frontiers. (See Telegraph lines. )

Indian meal,

to be issued in lieu of flour to prisoners of war 300, 645

received from States in lieu of flour 316

respecting transportation of 279

Indians,

rations may be issued to, visiting posts 341, 687

Infantry (see Light infantry),

uniform of the 21

respecting supernumerary junior lieutenants of 455, 650

Ingalls, Rufus,

mentioned 140

Inglis, ,

appointed brigade inspector 89

Innis, James,

elected judge-advocate 126

mentioned 121, 127

Innoculation,

to be discontinued 393

Inspection,

of magazines of provisions 87, 253

plan of 90, 100

Secretary of War to report most eligible plan of 103

of vessels for Quartermaster's Department, by whom made 216

respecting, of unserviceable stores Ill

the Quartermaster's Department 217

Subsistence Department 348

arms before issue 539

drafted men 669

Inspector of cattle,

authorized 288, 325

duties of 288

Inspector of contracts,

authorized 185, 323, 398, 566

appointed 103, 324

to take the oath of office 323

Inspector-General (see Rank; Pay; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bathorses),

authorized 92, 96, 100, 105, 106, 110, 112, 116

appointed 88, 89

duties of 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 113, 114, 115, 183, 322

to receive the journals of Congress 99

letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 109, 111

how selected 109

(see Adjutant and Inspector-General. )

of ordnance, etc., appointed 87, 548

of cavalry appointed 87

(see Medical Inspector-General.)

office of one, abolished Ill

abolition of office of one, repealed Ill

volunteer, may be continued in service 117

mentioned Ill, 311

assistant authorized 63, 96, 105, 112, 397, 565

duties of 63,97,98,100,101

may be performed by assistant adjutants-general 111

to perform duties of adjutants-general 63, 97, 105

not to lose rank the line 108

to be taken from the line - 109

INDEX. 743

Inspector-General Continued. Page.

assistant to be attached to each army corps 112, 116

deputy, authorized 106, 109

ex-officio deputy adjutant-general 69, 107

assistant, authorized 109

I nspkctor-General's Department,

how constituted 89,100,109,113,114,115, 117

necessary books and paper to be furnished the . . 179

1 1 metering duty to be performed by officers of the 95

no appointments or promotions to be made in the 112

appointments in the, how made 115

vacancies in the, how filled 116,117, 118

respecting details for duty in the 117,118

Inspectors (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bathorses),

authorized 89, 96, 100, 103, 104, 106

how appointed 90,96,105,106

appointed 90,92,94,95,96,100,103

duties of 63, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102

to act as adjutants-general 60, 63, 66, 67, 90, 104

of a separate army, allowed an assistant 102

letters to and from the, of the Army free of postage 108

(see Medical Inspectors. )

to perform duties of mustering officers 636

of public property, punishable for neglect of duty, etc 215

office of, discontinued 103

assistant, authorized 105, 106, 108

to be deputy adjutants-general 105

retain place in the line 106, 108

subassistant , authorized 93, 96, 1 08

how appointed 96

appointed 89,94,95,99

duties of 63,97,98

of fortifications 496

light-houses 505

gunpowder 542

pay of, of ordnance 585

Intrenching tools,

measures to prevent loss of 149

agent appointed for care of all 157

Invalids (see Retired list),

disabled officers to be placed on lists of 24, 25

surgeon appointed to regiment of 390

Inventions (see Patents),

hoard to examine all, in heavy ordnance, etc 519

\i< > expenditure allowed for perfecting, by officers of the Army 594

Invoices,

respecting, of imported clothing .' . 253

goods, etc. , taken from Philadelphia 287

Irish, Nathaniel,

commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549

Ikon,

conduct of experiments in testing 513

Ikon Company Canal,

mentioned 521

Iron works (see Salisbury iron works; Andovek iron works).

Irvine, Callendek,

mentioned 238

Irwin, Matthew,

elected deputy commissary -general of issues 263

declined appointment 264

mentioned 8M

I>sri:s,

( .1 < luartermaster stores to members of Congress discontinued 166, 306

respecting, of arms and military stores in camp 559

Isthmis ok Dakien,

mentioned 506

Isthmus of Panama,

respecting investigation of the 528

744 INDEX.

Jackets, Page.

uniform, not to be purchased until old stock is exhausted 222

Jackson, ,

mentioned 125

Jackson, David,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

mentioned 395

James, Thomas,

mentioned 548

Jay, John,

member of committee 364

Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas,

member of committee 164, 299

Jenifer, Daniel,

promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395

Jervais, John Lewis,

appointed deputy paymaster of South Carolina 452

mentioned 452

Jesup, Thomas S.,

mentioned 140

Johnson, Francis,

elected commissary of prisoners 641

mentioned *. 637, 641

Johnson, Robert,

elected hospital physician 394

to do the duty of purveyor for military hospital in the Southern depart-
ment 395

Johnson, Thomas,

member of committee 239,246,367,535,536

Johnson, Thomas,

requested to have military stores at Annapolis removed to Frederick and

those at Baltimore to Carlisle 546

Johnson, William,

to do duty as brigade-major 57

Johnston, Joseph E.,

mentioned 140

Johonot, William,

elected assistant apothecary 389

Jones, Roger,

allowed pay of his commission as Adjutant-General from 1821 to March 7,

1825 75

mentioned 52

Jones, Roger,

mentioned 86

Jones, Thomas,

sheepskins for use of artillery to be delivered on application to 322, 565

Jones, Walter,

elected physician-general of hospital in Middle Department 373

declined appointment 375

mentioned 361, 375

Jordan, John,

commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers. 549

promoted captain 554

mentioned 563

Journals of Congress,

to be furnished the Adjutant-General 63

Inspector-General 99

respecting extracts from the, relative to commissarv and clothiers' depart-
ments 286

Judge-Advocates (see Pay; Rank; Rations; Forage),

authorized : 124,128,129,130,132,135

appointed 123,124,125 127

to countersign copies of Articles of War 123

prosecute in the name of the United States 123, 128

appointment of, announced to the Army 123, 127

(See Depositions; Writs; Witne&ses. )

how appointed 134

INDEX. 745

Judge-Advocates Continued. Page.

duties of 125, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134

entitled to one wagon or two bathorses 126, 127, 187

deputy, how appointed 127

number of, limited 132

(See Shirts; Linen.)

corps of, merged into Judge- Advocate-General's Department 133

authorized on staff of army corps 134

continued in service 135

acting, may be detailed 135, 136

status of, as to tenure of office 131

mentioned 129, 131, 134

Judge- Advocate's Department,

resolves of Congress relative to -the, repealed 127

Judge-Advocate-General (see Rank; Pay; Baggage wagons; Bathorses),

authorized 130,131,132,133

duties of 123, 130, 131, 132, 133

(sec Bureau of Military Justice.)

ex-qfficio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 133

mentioned 124,132

assistant, authorized 131

deputy, appointed 124

Jury duty,

workmen in armories exempted from 576

Judge-Advocate-General's Department,

how constituted 133,134,135

promotions in the, how made 134

respecting chief of the 136

chief of the, how selected 136

vacancies in the, how filled 136

K.
Kelton, John C,

mentioned 52

Kemper, ,

mentioned 292

Kermovan, John,

appointed engineer to the Continental service 486

Kettles,

to be procured 145

sent to Southern Army 318

incased. 180

supplied to soldiers without cost 687

Kkwaunee, Wis.,

improvement of harbor at 519

Key "West, Fla.,

improvement of harbor at 522

Kirby, E.,

mentioned 52

K IKK PATRICK, ,

appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners 493

Ki.kin, David,

appointed deputy commissary of prisoners 641

Knox, Hknky,

mentioned ">7, 549, 559, 568

Kosciuszko, Thaddei s,

appointed engineer in the service of United States 487

I,.

Laboratory,

establishment of 545, 547, 562

Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565

mentioned 548, 557, 564, 565

Labor atoky artillerymen,

respecting company of 550

Laborers,

necessary, in Quartermaster's Department authorized 167, 198, 201

by whom appointed 169, 198

746

INDEX.

Laborers Continued. Page.

occasional, authorized in hospital department 363, 369

in Ordnance Department authorized 579, 596

status respecting bounty laws, etc 586

to be designated privates of the second class. . 591, 596
La Crosse, Wis.,

construction of a bridge at, across the Mississippi River 512

Lake Erie,

bridging channel between, and Lake Huron 512

canal route from, to the Ohio River 526

Lake George, N. Y.,

mentioned 366

Lake Huron,

relative to bridging channel between, and Lake Erie 512

Lake Michigan,

mentioned 521

Lakes,

respecting supply of army on the 246

storm signals on the northern 614

surgeon appointed for fleet fitting out on the 367

sites for light-houses, etc., on the northwestern, to be determined by the
Topographical Bureau 505

deep waterways between the Great, and the Atlantic 526

Lake Samamish,

mentioned 524

Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway,

mentioned 521

Lake Union,

mentioned 524

Lake Washington,

mentioned 524

Lancaster, Pa.,

factory of firearms at, mentioned 541

respecting escape of prisoners of war at 650

Landings,

along water front of Washington and Georgetown to be examined 511

Lands,

grant of, for service in Revolutionary war 11, 389

not granted to claimants under an assignment 11

provisions granting, extended to general officers 19

officers of hospital department 389

assignment of tracts of, to refugees or freedmen 656, 657

respecting, held by the late Confederate States 658

Langdon, John,

member of committee 239, 240, 536, 537

mentioned 54, 142, 242, 540

Lanterns,

style of, for use in powder magazines 567

Larned, Benjamin F.,

mentioned 443

Latimer, Henry,

appointed senior surgeon in the flying hospital 382

hospital physician and surgeon 389

Laurens, John,

member of committee 14, 15

mentioned 322, 565

Lawrence, Jonathan,

appointed captain in the corps of sappers and miners 493

Lawrence, John,

appointed judge-advocate 124

pay and allowances of, established 124

resignation accepted 126

mentioned 121, 126

Lawson, John,

to do duty as brigade-major 59

Lawson, Thomas,

mentioned 362

INDEX. 747

Lead, Page.

inquiry to be made respecting virgin and lead ores 536

importation of, authorized 538

imported, how disposed of 543

to be furnished the Southern army 563

exportation of, prohibited 573

imported, to be free of duty 573

surplus pig, to be sold 594

Leaden spouts,

in Philadelphia, to be taken down for laboratory 548

Lead mines,

respecting, at New Canaan, N. Y 539

in Maryland 548

Colonies requested to report condition of 541

in State of New York to be worked 549

prisoners of war may be furnished for work in New York 641

Learned, Ebenezer,

mentioned 62, 89

Leases,

respecting, of lands in the Southern States 657, 658

Leather (see Hides; Deerskins),

purchase of, authorized 153, 274, 300

raw hides may be exchanged for 263

mentioned 547

Leather manufactory,

mentioned 549

Leave of absence,

respecting officers on, exceeding six months 32

granted extra territorially, when to commence and terminate 48

officers of Hospital Department on, not entitled to rations, etc 388, 400

on, to receive only half pay if not sick or wounded 681

nurses may be granted 439

length of, without reduction of pay 38, 682, 683

Le Baron, Francis,

mentioned 362

Led yard, Isaac,

elected assistant purveyor 389

Lee, Charles,

mentioned 56, 60, 90, 304

Lee, Francis Lightfoot,

member of committee 272, 283, 535, 539

Lee, John F.,

mentioned 121

Lee, Richard Henry,

member of committee 246, 253, 544

Lee, William,

recommended by Congress for appointment of Adjutant-General 57

Lee, William R.,

to do duty as brigade-major 56

"Le Fier Rodkrique" (ship),

mentioned 286, 555

L' Enfant, Pierre Charles,

appointed captain in the Corps of Engineers 490

pr< imoted to rank of major by brevet 495

mentioned 490, 495

Leonard, Nathaniel,

mentioned 383

Letters (nee Franking privilege),

to army in Mexico free of postage 31

official, to heads of bureaus free of postage 38

free of postage to and from the Adjutant-General 71, 72, 73

inspector of the Army 108

General 109, 1 1 1

Quartermaster-General 183, 197, 201 , 21 16

Commisearv-General 335, 339, 340

director of hospital 394

physician-general 408

apothecary -general 408

748 INDEX.

Letters Continued. Page.

free of postage to and from the Surgeon-General 408, 412

Paymaster-General 465

Chief of Engineers 502

Topographical Engineers 502

Commissary-General of Ordnance 579

Chief of Ordnance 584

Lewis, Andrew,

mentioned 57

Lewis, Morgan,

appointed deputy quartermaster-general 144

elected deputy quartermaster-general 144

mentioned 140

Lewis, Francis,

member of committee 240, 241, 363, 364

mentioned 142

Lewis, William,

appointed brigade inspector '. 89

Library (see Washington Public Library).

Library of Congress,

construction of the, under Chief of Engineers 523

privilege of the, granted to Chief of Engineers 524

mentioned 525, 526

Lieber, Guido N.,

mentioned 121

Light artillery,

respecting clothing for the 334

Light boats,

sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505

Light dragoons,

uniform of the 16

respecting clothing for the 334

Light-House Board,

how constituted in part 505

mentioned 505

Light-house inspectors,

respecting detail of officers as 505

Light-houses,

sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505, 506

construction and renovation of, under superintendence of engineer offi-
cers 505, 506

plans for certain, to be approved by Topographical Bureau 505

Light infantry,

uniform of the 18, 19, 22

Lincoln, Abraham,

repairs to house in which President, died 528

Lincoln, Benjamin,

mentioned 91, 100

Linen,

care of, purchased for the Army 142

fit for tents, how disposed of 148

to be imported 263

respecting, for sick in hospitals 277, 376

distribution of small supply of 304, 382, 446, 447, 491

Lint,

to be imported 365

Lippet, Christopher,

mentioned 56

Liston's Point, Pa.,

respecting dike between, and Reedy Island 526'

Litters,

to be provided 372

horse and mule, authorized 421

Little Rock Arsenal,

respecting pay of military storekeeper at the 587

Live stock (see Cattle),

allowances to agents purchasing 269

pay, etc., of superintendent of 317

purchased, how deliverable 317

INDEX. 749

Livingston, , Page.

member of committee 537, 539

Livingston, ,

mentioned 544

Livingston, ,

to do duty as brigade-major 55

Livingston, ,

mentioned 60

Livingston, Robert R..,

mentioned 54, 242

Livingston, Walter,

chosen for commissary of stores and provisions for the New York Depart-
ment '. 239

Livingston, William,

mentioned 176

Lockhart, Patrick,

to procure pack horses and provisions for expedition against Detroit ... 157, 286
Long, Nicholas,

appointed deputy quartermaster-general 143

to have rank of colonel 143

Long, Stephen H.,

mentioned 484

Low, Simeon,

appointed assistant adjutant-general 66

Louis XVIII,

mentioned '. 500

Louis Philippe,

mentioned 500

Louisiana,

recruiting officers not to be sent into 677

Louisville, Ky.,

quartermaster's depot at, mentioned 217

Louisville and Portland Canal,

mentioned 524

Lovell, James,

member of committee 87

Lovell, Joseph,

mentioned 362

Lowry, Thomas,

appointed to supply rations to New Jersey battalions 242

Ludington, Marshall J.,

mentioned 140

Ludwig, Christopher,

appointed superintendent of bakers 253

continued in that office 318

compensation of, for past services 318

Lukens, Charles,

commissioned major-commissary of military stores at Carlisle 549

pay of 549

excused from further service 561

mentioned 534

LiTTERLOH, Henry Emanuel,

appointed deputy quartermaster-general 152

commissary of forage 179

Lux, Darby,

mentioned 548

Lyman, Daniel,

appointed brigade-major 58

Lynch, Thomas,

member of committee $64

mentioned 243

If) ( 'i.ruK, ,

mentioned 59

M'Coomh, John,

authorized to act as quartermaster at Princeton 1 52

750 INDEX.

McCormick, Henry, Page.

appointed brigade major 59

to do the duty of brigade major 62

appointed brigade inspector 94

McDougall, Alexander,

mentioned ' 55, 95, 632

McGowan, John,

to do the duty of brigade major 59, 62

appointed brigade inspector 89

mentioned 60

McHenry, James,

mentioned 4

McHenry, James,

mentioned 367

McIntosh, Lachlan,

mentioned 59, 89

McKallister, John,

mentioned ^ 263

McKean, Thomas,

member of committee 247, 537

mentioned 297

McKnight, Charles,

elected surgeon-general for the hospital in middle department 378

chief hospital physician 389

mentioned 361

McLean, Nathaniel H.,

appointment of, in the Adjutant-General's Department, or his reinstate-
ment and retirement authorized 78

McLlNNEY, ,

to act as brigade major 60

McWilliams, William,

to do duty as brigade major 56

McFeely, Robert,

mentioned 238

Mackay, Eneas,

mentioned 248

Mackenzie, Samuel,

mentioned 370

Macomb, Alexander,

mentioned 52, 483

Magazines,

certain, to be inspected 87, 253

barracks, etc., to be erected at principal 152, 259

of provisions to be established 157, 245, 250, 279, 280, 288, 291, 310, 316, 324

North Carolina to furnish, of forage 179

Secretary of War to direct building and management of 184, 565

of military stores to be established 541, 544, 545, 547, 572

inspected 564

duties of keepers of, and arsenals 580

mentioned 180, 244, 245, 251, 279, 544, 563, 570, 578

Maiming,

Freedmen's Bureau to prohibit, as a punishment 659

Malcolm, William,

appointed deputy adjutant-general in northern department 60

permitted to hold his rank in the Army and his regiment 61

mentioned . 59, 493

Malt liquor,

may be issued in lieu of rum, whisky, or brandy 333

Manchester,

mentioned 571

Maneuvers,

respecting system of 89, 90, 91, 92, 96

troops to be instructed in 87, 90

Manufactory,

of fire arms at Lancaster, Pa. , mentioned 541

respecting establishment of a, of fire arms 555

allowances to superintendent of certain, of arms 581

INDEX. . 751

Maps, Page.

surplus, of the Signal Office may 1 >e sold 615, 610

Marchaxt, Hexky,

member of committee 254

Marcy, Randolph B.,

mentioned 86

Marine agent,

to appoint a commissary for marine prisoners 650

mentioned 495

Marine committee,

to regulate issue of provisions to the French squadron 287

aid the Commissary-General to fulfill certain engagements 300

be applied to for use of Government vessels 540

control exchange of marine prisoners 644, 650

Marine Corps,

respecting enlistment of drafted men in the 672

issue of provisions to detachments of 337

Marianna, Fla.,

mentioned 501

M.VRMIE, TlRNBULL & Co.,

mentioned 327

"Marquis of Kildare" (brig),

mentioned 146,248,543

Marselis, Gysbert,

appointment of, as barrack master confirmed 143

.Marshall, Elihu,

to act as brigade-major 60

Marshall, John,

appointed deputy judge-advocate 124

Martin, ,

accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401

Marvin, Elihu,

appointed brigade-major pro tern 59

Maryland,

uniform of the, line 15

requested to seize provisions, etc., in hands of engrossers 158, 289

provide guards for certain prisoners of war 649

not to grant exceptions from embargo 289

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166

provisions, etc 306, 313

when deliverable 315

t< > furnish flour and Indian corn 303

cattle 311

part of flour furnished by, may be retained in the State 310

respecting mode of obtaining saltpeter from tobacco houses in 538

removal of certain military stores in 546

lead mine in 548

mentioned 264,271,279,280,287,545

Mason, David,

excused from further service 560

Massachusetts,

uniform of the, line ^ . . . 15

establishment of magazines of provisions in 157

mentioned 322,636

Massachusetts Bay,

requested to seize certain clothing 277

board of war of, requested to import flour and provide vessels 278

quota of, to be furnished in provisions 306, 312

how paid for 307

w I nil deliverable 314

to furnish cattle 310, 311

requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

report condition of lead mines 541

respecting erection of magazine and laboratory in 545, 547

removal of prisoners of war in 642

mentioned 123,240,271

752 . INDEX.

Massenbach, , Page.

elected engineer for Southern Department 485

Massey, William,

appointed deputy muster-master-general for South Carolina and Georgia. 685

Master armorers (see Pay) ,

authorized 572, 598

how appointed 572

to be designated as sergeants 566

Mates (see Surgeon's mates; Hospital mates; Apothecary's mates).

Matrons (see Pay; Rations),

authorized 371, 384, 392

by whom appointed 372, 387, 391

Mattack, Timothy,

to be employed as storekeeper 142

Matthews, John,

member of committee 14, 17, 286

mentioned 17, 157, 394

Maumee Valley Monumental Association,

mentioned 522

Macs, Matthew,

mentioned 390

Maxwell, William,

mentioned 59, 60, 89, 95

Mead, Israel,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Meal (see Indian meal).

Measam, George,

continued in office of superintendent of commissary of stores for the

Northern Army; pay of 246

elected commissary of clothing for the Northern Army; allowed pay and

rations of a major 248

Mease, James,

to deliver to the quartermaster-general all the cloth fit for tents 148

appointed commissary to supply the Pennsylvania battalions 243

to purchase necessary articles for approaching winter 249, 250

hats and caps and employ tailors 250

appointed clothier-general 252

mentioned 145,238,247,253,288

Mease and Caldwell, (Messrs.),

mentioned 246

Meat,

agents to purchase, east of the Susquehanna 280

Mechanics,

necessary, in Quartermaster's Department authorized- - 201

Medical attendance,

nurses entitled to i 439

respecting, to families of officers and men 433

Medical boards,

authorized 396,405,419

duties of 396,397,398,405

mentioned 418

Medical cadets,

authorized 416, 417

duties of "--- 416

to have rank and pay of West Point cadets 416

Medical committee,

to supply director of hospital with medicines 366

increased 366

to forward medicines, etc. , to indicated points 367, 369

purchase medicines 367

provide antiscorbutics for the hospitals 368

provide accommodation for the sick 369

employ agents in each State to purchase medicines 370

resolution relative to Medical Department recommitted to the 381

to revise regulations relating to the hospital department 382

take measures for carrying on business of the Medical Department 383

give directions for establishing a hospital in Virginia 391

INDEX. 753

Medical committee Continued. I'age.

discontinued; returns and papers of the, to be lodged with the ttoard of

war 394

reports of 375, 383

Medical Department (see Hospital Department; Hospital Corps),

inquiry to be made into abuses in the 368

how constituted 410,423,427,429,437

increased 411,413,414,416,417,418,419,433,436

officers of the, not to be concerned in trade 388

respecting vacancies in the 414, 428

(see National Homes for Disabled Volunteers; Soldiers' Home. )

nurse corps attached to the 439

mentioned 394,397,401,407,408,412,428,429,435,436,455

Medical director,

duties of, of army corps 420

respecting, of armies in the field. 423

Medical inspector-general,

authorized 417

how appointed 417

duties of 417, 418

Medical inspectors,

authorized * 417, 419

how appointed 417, 419

duties of 417,418,420

mentioned 418

Medical officers (see Surgeons),

duties of chief, of army corps 420

respecting pensions to, who served in the Revolutionary war 409

captured, who have charge of sick prisoners 394

entitled to one additional ration for every five years' service 412

to unite with line officers in supervising cooking 420

a, to report upon epidemic cholera 427

not entitled to command by virtue of their rank 413, 429

to rank according to date of commission 433

attend families of officers and men 433

regulating grades of certain 434

respecting assignment of 435

number of, increased 436

mentioned '_". 423

Medical property,

accounts to be taken of 398

Medical purveyors (see Pay, Rations, Forage Land),

authorized : 384,404,423,429

how appointed 388, 404

appointed 389

to take the oath of office 390

duties of 385,386,387,390,391,397,404,417,418,429

to give bonds 419,423,430

undergo examination 424

may be assigned to duty as surgeons 429

mentioned 384

deputy, authorized 392

appointed 393,395,398

duties of 392

assistant, appointed 395

Medical staff,

extended 409

brigade surgeons attached to the 419

Mkdical storekeepers (see Pay),

authorized 418

to give bonds 418, 419

abolished 428

Medical stores (see Medicines),

to be inspected 365

druggist appointed in Philadelphia to receive all 367

respecting removal of 369, 376

loss of or damage to, how punished 383

S. Doc. 229 48

754 INDEX.

Medical Stores Continued. i'ge.

all, not necessary to be sold . 400

respecting accountability for 377

returns of all, to be made 401

respecting issue of, to destitute refugees or f reedmen 657

Medicines (see Peruvian bark),

purchase of, authorized 240, 364, 365

to be imported 365

supplied 365, 366

provided 367, 369, 370, 380

returns of, to be made 369, 399

estimates of, required to be submitted 384

all, in Virginia to be collected 391

mentioned 404

Medicine wagons,

mentioned 421

Mehelm, John,

appointed commissary of hides 291

mentioned 238

Meigs, Montgomery C,

placed in charge of construction of Pension building 227

to superintend construction of Washington Aqueduct 507

mentioned 140

Melchior, ,

to dismiss certain of his deputies 163

Memorial,

on necessity of a corps of engineers, mentioned 495

Memorial bridge,

respecting a, from Washington City to Arlington, Va 526

Memphis, Tenn.,

respecting construction of an arsenal at 584

Meng, Wollory,

commissioned captain superintendent of leather manufactory 549

captain in Colonel Flowers' s regiment 553

Mentges, Francis,

allowed additional compensation while acting as inspector of contracts to

the Southern army under General Greene's appointment 103

mentioned 85, 103

Mercer, James,

member of committee 164, 299

Mercury (ship),

mentioned 252, 546

Merlet, ,

mentioned 90

Meteorological observations,

at military posts, authorized 614, 616

Mexican frontier,

respecting telegraph lines on the 615

Mexican War (see Badges),

sappers and miners who served in the, entitled to discharge 504, 505

status as to allowances of men of the Ordnance Department who served
in the 586

Mexico,

letters, etc., to army in, free of postage : 31

respecting care of cemetery near city of 221

Miami Kiver, Fla.,

respecting routes from, to the sea 528

Michigan and Illinois Canal,

mentioned 519

Middle Department,

respecting salt for troops in the 271, 275

importation of flour from the 278

mentioned 54, 373, 374, 375, 378, 449

MlDDLETON,

member of committee ... 247, 363, 544

Mifflin, Jonathan,

appointed brigade-major 55

deputy quartermaster-general 152

INDEX. 755

Mifflin, Thomas, Page.

member of committee 17, 535

appointed Quartermaster-General 141

conditionally 145

requested by Congress to resume office of Quartermaster-General 145

allowance to, for his service as Quartermaster-General 151

given leave to repair to General Washington's headquarters 151, 156

returned his commissions as major-general and Quartermaster-General . . . 153
resignation accepted, but commission of major-general returned to him . . 153

elected member of the Board of War 153

directed to exercise duties of Quartermaster-General notwithstanding his

resignation 153

tendered his resignation 157

resigned . 160

mentioned 3, 17, 55, 90, 139, 140, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 160, 253

Mileage (see Traveling expenses),

rate of 34, 35, 38, 41 , 43, 44, 48, 434

not legal in excess of actual expenses 38

when transportation requests are furnished 47

how computed 685

Miles, John,

appointed brigade quartermaster 183

Military Academy,

Corps of Engineers to constitute a 497

respecting superintendence of the 497

how constituted 498

Superintendent of the, how selected 510

mentioned 230, 514

Military agents (see Pay),

and assistants authorized 195, 332

office of, discontinued 197

Military asylum (see Soldiers' Home),

Military departments (see Eastern, New York, Northern, and Southern
departments],

commissary of forage authorized for each of the 148

duties of commanders of 151, 182, 375

mentioned 190,247,273,288,371,423,485,564

Military divisions,

mentioned 348

Military jurisdiction,

all persons in Freedmen's Bureau to be under 163, 283, 657

Military prison,

to be inspected 113, 114,115

surgeon detailed for duty at the 427

Military societies (see Badges).

Military storekeepers (see Rank, Pay, Ordnance storekeepers),

authorized in purchasing department , 337, 339

Quartermaster's Department 208, 210, 218, 231

appointed 143

to give bonds 208,597

grade of, in Quartermaster's Department, when to cease 222, 232

Military supplies (see Ordnance stores),

inspection of unserviceable, by whom made Ill, 204, 340, 410, 616

means to prevent loss, etc., oi . 149, 150

respecting purchase of 196, 564

sale of damaged, when to be made 204,339,410,540,616

Secretary of War to control and supervise all 210,336

all surplus, to be sold 326

returns of all, to be made 326, 336

respecting forms of returns and accounts of . .' 336, 578

Secretary of War to prescribe species and amounts of, to be purchased . . . 336
respecting proceeds of sales of 505, 587

Militia,

inspectors to be appointed to the, when in service 96

commission allowed on payments to the 466

one paymaster allowed for two regiments of 467

respecting purchase of arms from the 539

756 INDEX.

Militia Continued. Page.

arms to be provided for sale to the States 574

mentioned 245,285,449,463,465,548,576

Militia duty,

respecting exemption from 547

Miller, Charles,

pay and rations allowed to, as storekeeper 244

Mills (see Powder mills),

flour barrels to be returned to the 275

Mills, John,

mentioned 51, 85

Mines (see Lead mines; Symsbury mine).
Minors,

respecting discharge of 674, 675

Minots Rock, Mass.,

works near, mentioned 504

Mississippi River,

respecting road from the, to designated point in Arkansas 501

railroad from the, to the Pacific Ocean 506

construction of a bridge over the, at La Crosse, Wis 512

survey of mouth of 513

the, and its tributaries 513

location of bridge across the, at Hickman, Ky 522

bridge to St. Louis over the 526

channel through southwest pass of the 526, 528

Mississippi River Commission,

how constituted 518, 519

Missouri,

respecting construction of arsenals in 584

Missouri River,

respecting improvement of the, to Sioux City, Iowa 528

Missouri River Commission,

how constituted 520

mentioned 528

Mobile Bay,

respecting erection of an arsenal on 583

Moccasins,

men to be selected to make, for their corps 270

Moffat, ,

mentioned 593

Moneys,

respecting, obtained from sales of stores and supplies -505, 587

appropriated for the Ordnance Service 595, 599

Signal Service 620

public, how accounted for 200,336,408,462,463,578

MoNONGAHELA NAVIGATION COMPANY,

mentioned 521

Montgomery, John,

appointed to muster Major Wilson's battalion 635

Moore, James,

appointed brigade major 61, 63

inspector 96

Moore, John,

appointed to act as an assistant commissary of purchases 282

Moore, John,

mentioned 362

Moore, Willis E.,

mentioned 593

Morgan, George,

to appoint a deputy commissary for the troops on the western frontiers of
Virginia 251

appointed deputy commissary -general of purchases 273

mentioned 291

Morgan, John,

elected director-general and chief physician 364

appointed director-general and physician in chief 367

mentioned 361,366,368,369,380

Morgan, Michael R.,

mentioned 238

INDEX. 757

Morris, Gouverneur, Page.

member of committee 15, 291

mentioned 159, 160

Morris, Lewis,

member of committee 253, 535, 539, 540

Morris, Robert,

member of committee 246

Morris, Robert,

directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the
army in the Northern Department 545

Mortars,

respecting the casting of 549

arrival of imported, announced 550

contracts to be made for 554

mentioned 570

Moultrie, William,

mentioned 648

Mount Vernon, Va.,

survey of a national road from the Aqueduct Bridge to 523

Moylan, John,

elected clothier-general 318 ,

appointment announced to the Army 319

mentioned 238

Moylan, Stephen,

elected Quartermaster-General 144

appointment of, announced to the Army 144

to have rank of colonel and pay of $80 a month 144

appointed muster-master-general 631

mentioned 140,145,629

Muhlenberg, Peter,

mentioned 58,59,61,89,94

Mule litters,

authorized in lieu of ambulances 421

Mullany, James R.,

mentioned 140

Mullens, Thomas,

appointed brigade-major 58, 59

to act as brigade-major 59

Mumkord, William Green,

elected deputy commissary -general of issues 263

Murray, ,

to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491

resigned 493

Murray, Robert,

mentioned - 362

MU8KET LOCKS (C GUNLOCKS),

to be imported - 537

Muskets (see Rifles),

respecting importation of 536

manufacture of .*. 537, 539, 541, 543, 555

purchase of 538, 539, 541

all to be stamped " United States " 546

distribution or imported 546

impressment of 548

to be furnished the Southern army 563

mentioned 547

Mustering Department,

plan of the 96

necessary books and paper to be furnished the 179

mentioned 636

discontinued 636

Mustering officers,

duties of 98

Muster-Master-General {me. Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage),

appointed 631,632

deputy, authorized 633, 635

appointed 631,632,634,635

758 INDEX.

Muster-Master-General Continued. Page.

deputy, to take the oath of office 635

duties of 632

Muster masters (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

for corps of wagoners authorized 635

respecting issue of small quantity of shirts and linen to 304, 636

mentioned 636

deputy, authorized 631 , 632, 633

appointed 634, 635

duties of 634

Muster rolls,

abstracts of, to whom sent 57, 633

how made 97, 98

to be sworn to 634

Musters,

by whom made 95, 100, 636

how made 97, 98

when to be made 631, 633

Myer, Albert J.,

mentioned 611

N.
Nash, William H.,

mentioned 238

National armories,

to be established at each arsenal 572

reports of arms made and repaired in, to be made 572

National cemeteries,

authorized 218

superintendents of, how selected 218, 220, 226

to be inclosed 219, 226

graves in, how marked 219, 221, 226

care of cemetery near City of Mexico 221, 222, 226

National Home for Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans,

respecting issue of medical stores to the 423

National Homes for Disabled Volunteers,

respecting clothing for the 222, 687

obsolete ordnance and ordnance stores for the 605

to be inspected yearly 116

medical stores to be sold to the 424, 436

National road,

survey of a, from the Aqueduct Bridge to Mount Vernon, Va 523

Naval arsenals,

respecting erection of 500

Naval officers,

to inspect steam vessels for the Quartermaster's Department 216

Naval service,

provisions respecting artificial limbs applicable to men in the 426

mariners liable to draft may enlist in the 671

enlistments in the, how credited 672, 676,678

mentioned 670

Negroes,

to be enrolled 675

bounty to slave, to whom paid 676

Nevada volunteers,

respecting traveling expenses of, discharged in New Mexico, Arizona, and

Utah 472

Nevin, Daniel,

to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491

appointed captain of engineers 491

New Canaan, N. Y.,

respecting lead mine at 539

New England,

legislatures of, requested to authorize impressment of transportation 142

New Hampshire,

uniform of the, line 15

quota of, to be furnished in provisions 306, 312

INDEX. 759

New Hampshire Continued. 1'age.

quota of, to be furnished in provisions, how paid for 307

when deliverable 307, 314

requested to furnish cattle 310

collect saltpeter and brimstones 535

Nkw Jersey,

uniform of the, line 15

requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engrossers. 158, 289

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166

provisions 306

how paid for 307, 313

when deliverable 307, 314

requested to call for contributions of blankets 268

not to grant exemptions from embargo 289

to furnish flour 304

cattle 310

collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

report condition of lead mines 541

improvement of channel between, and Staten Island 513

mentioned 176,271,291,311,368,380,381,390,545,550

New London, Conn.,

mentioned 383,571

New Mexico,

traveling expenses of California volunteers discharged in 472

respecting pay of military storekeeper of ordnance in 587

New Orleans, La.,

respecting construction of custom-house in 505

Newton, John,

mentioned 483

New Windsor, N. Y.,

mentioned 400

New York,

uniform of the, line 15

requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engrossers. 158, 289

quota of, to be furnished in forage , 166

how paid for 166

provisions 306, 312

how paid for 307, 312

when deliverable 307, 314

requested not to grant exemptions from embargo 289

to cause distribution of certain provisions 300

sulphur in New York City to be removed 690

collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

respecting lead mines in 539, 541, 549, 641

mentioned 639, 645, 648, 690

New York City, N. Y.,

quartermaster's depot at, mentioned 217

respecting certain bells taken from 569

sulphur in the 690

New York Department,

appointment of staff officers for the. . . .* 63, 141 , 239, 445

Niagara, N. Y.,

pay of assistant military agent at 195

Niagara River,

respecting width of draw in bridge across the 527

NlCARAGUAN CANAL,

mentioned 526

Nichols, Bela,

commissioned first lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559

Nichols, Noah,

commissioned captain in regiment of artillery artificers 559

Nicodemus, William J. L.,

mentioned 611

Nicola, Lewis,

mentioned 390

Nicoll, Abimael Y.,

mentioned 52, 86

760 INDEX.

Nixon, John, Page.

mentioned 55, 56, 62

Noarth, George,

mentioned 635

NONCOMBATANTS,

drafted, may be assigned to duty in hospitals 674

Norris George,

commissioned first lieutenaut of artillery artificers 549

North, William,

appointment of, as inspector of the troops remaining in service confirmed. 103

to receive pay allowed to an inspector of a separate army 103

mentioned 51, 52, 85

North Carolina,

uniform of the, line 15

appointment of staff officers for duty in 143

respecting agents in, to purchase leather and deerskins 153, 274

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166

provisions 306, 31 3

how paid for 307

when deliverable 307, 314, 315

to furnish magazines of forage 179

provisions 310

requested to lay an embargo on beef and pork 280

collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

mentioned * 246,279,365,583,632

North Carolina light horse,

paymaster for the, appointed 448

Northern army,

appointment of staff officers for the 58, 103, 124, 144, 248, 364, 632

respecting supply of the 246

medicines to be sent to the 367

mentioned 545

Northern Department

appointment of staff officers for the . 57, 60, 265, 269, 290, 367, 370, 374

payment of troops in the, by whom made 446

mentioned 12,275,368,369,378,545,633

North River Bridge,

mentioned 524

Nourse, Charles J.,

mentioned 52

Nurse corps,

how constituted 439

attached to Medical Department 437

payments to the, by whom made 439, 478

Nurses (see Pay; Rations; Pensions),

authorized 363,371,384,392,404,439

how appointed 364,387,391

female, may be substituted for soldiers 416, 430

Oath of Office,

form of 12,21,33,682,684

to be taken by officers of the department of stores and provisions 239

purchases 261, 284, 317

issues 261,278

Quartermaster's Department 141, 154, 175, 188

Hospital Department 390

Pay Department 445, 458, 459, 460

Freedmen's Bureau 655, 659

inspectors of contracts 185, 323

respecting failure to take the 154, 377, 398, 566

Oaths,

form of, as to correctness of muster rolls 98

of witnesses before courts-martial 128, 133

judge-advocates authorized to administer 134

boards of enrollment empowered to administer 673

INDEX. 761

Observations, Page.

respecting system of, by Signal Service 614

Office,

civil, not to be held by officers on the active list 685

holding a civil, no bar to receiving half pay 380, 453

Officers (see Engineer; Topographical Engineers; Signal and Staff
Officers),
all, under rank of brigadier-general may be displaced by General Wash-
ington 12

grant of land to 11, 19

(See Pay; Rations; Half pay; Servants; Homes; Forage; Baggage
Wagons; Bathorses; Brevets; Uniform; Badges; Retired List;
Artificial Limbs; Prisoners of War.)

forbidden to wear red coats 19

disabled, to be placed on list of invalids ! 24, 25

respecting line, transferred to staff 26, 31, 39, 70, 73, 93, 464, 683, 686

discharged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 27

entitled to pension for service in the Revolutionary war 28, 29

not to receive extra allowances not authorized by law 30

when deemed deserters 32, 33

claims of, entitled to retirement 32, 34, 37, 39, 42

may purchase articles kept by Subsistence Department 35, 41

length of service, how computed 36

respecting transportation to, traveling without troops 43

(See Mileage; Leave of Absence; Quarters; Traveling Allowances;
Volunteer Officers.)

respecting detail of, for staff duty 45, 134, 233, 234, 357, 358, 529, 606, 686

portmanteaus and valises issued to 160

supernumerary, of infantry 185, 323, 494, 566, 650

in hospitals to be cured of venereal diseases 376

detail of, for ambulance duty 420

settlement of accounts of 456

assignment of, to duty as paymasters 466, 467

in Freedmen's Bureau 656, 657

(See Arms; Patents; Inventions.)

on active list not to hold any Territorial civil office 685

mentioned ' 23,183

Ogden, Aaron,

appointed brigade-major 60, 66

to do the duty of brigade-major pro tem 63

O'Hara, James,

mentioned 140, 319, 328

Ohio River,

canal around falls of the, mentioned 505

examination of all bridges over the 511, 512

canal route from Lake Erie to the 526

< h.ii'hant, David,

elected deputy director of the hospitals of the Southern Army 394

mentioned 361, 382, 394

Oliver, Robert,

appointed brigade-major 62

mentioned 99

Ordinance,

for regulating the Clothing Department 293

Ordnance (see Cannon; Guns; Mortars),

respecting issues of captured 592

condemned 605

heavy rifled 593

unserviceable, may be sold 582

obsolete projectiles for, may be sold t 595

depots of, authorized 596

respecting inventions of 519, 600

cost of, issued to States and Territories, how credited 602

contracts for, may le made 604

may be purchased \vi' bout advertisement 604

respecting freight charges on 607

mentioned 577, 580, 581, 596

762

INDEX.

Ordnance Bureau, p &ge.

pay of principal assistant in the 587, 598

superintendent of manufacture of iron cannon authorized in the 585, 586

to purchase or contract for necessary ordnance and stores 604

Ordnance Department,

how constituted 576, 579, 583, 592, 594, 595, 596, 604, 605, 606

increased t 584, 586, 590, 591

respecting business of the, to be done in the field 556

report on condition of the 569

merged into the artillery 581

act merging the, into the artillery repealed 583

regulating number of subalterns transferred to the 585

enlisted men of the, how designated 590, 591

new appointments and promotions in the, forbidden 593

may be made 595

promotions and appointments in the, subject to examination 594

(see Vacancies. )

of the Navy mentioned 602

respecting details for duty in the 581, 606

mentioned 581, 595, 598, 600, 602

Ordnance officers (see Pay; Rations),

may be retained or transferred to other corps 581

superintendents of designated armories to be 585, 590, 598

repealed 588

who served fourteen years as subaltern to be promoted 588, 597

to be examined prior to promotion 591, 597

(see Vacancies.)

examination to precede appointment as 596

respecting examination of, who served as volunteers 603

promotion of 606

mentioned 582, 586, 600, 602, 604

Ordnance sergeants,

authorized 583, 595

how selected 583, 595

Ordnance storekeepers (see Rank; Pay),

authorized 572, 592, 596, 600, 606

to give bonds 597

may be assigned as paymasters at arsenals and armories 592, 596

number of, limited 585

mentioned 219, 577, 580, 584, 587

office of, when to cease 605

Ordnance stores (see Chief of Ordnance),

committee to consider means of obtaining 535

respecting magazines of 541, 574

removal of certain . 546, 548

issues of, in camp 559

disposition of imported 565

in fixed magazines, how drawn out 556

returns of, to be made 557, 565, 568, 569, 577, 580, 581

respecting embezzlement, etc. , of 561

not to be sold without order of Congress 568

sale of, to be stopped 569

respecting forms of returns and accounts of 336, 578

establishment of depots of, authorized % 580, 596

damaged or unsuitable, may be sold 582, 593, 598

regulates purchase of 589, 590, 604

cost of, issued to States and Territories, how credited 602

respecting freight charges on 607

mentioned 537, 541, 543, 544, 547, 551, 552, 553, 556, 557, 564, 568, 572, 573, 587

Oregon,

pay of ordnance storekeepers in 587

Ores (see Lead),

Orphans,

of officers who died of wounds entitled to pension 24, 26

mentioned 457

Otis, Samuel A.,

mentioned 277

INDEX. 763

Otto, Bono, Page.

accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401

Otto, Frederick,

accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401

Owings, Nathaniel,

mentioned 548

Oxen,

number of, fit for service to be reported 147

respecting exchange of horses for draft 180

Ox TEAMS,

respecting substitution of, for horse teams 158

Paca, William,

member of committee 247, 249, 540

mentioned 146, 250

Pacific coast,

respecting contracts for supplies needed on the 217, 218

erection of gun factories on the 524

deep-water harbor on the 524

Pacific Ocean,

respecting railroad to the 506

mentioned 46

Pack animals,

number of, limited 228

Packers,

authorized 261

pay of, by whom regulated 262, 305

Packets (see Letters),
Pails,

huts for troops to be provided with > 154

P\i\e Robert Treat

member of committee 247, 363, 535, 538, 539, 540, 543, 545

mentioned 54, 242

Palfrey, William,

elected Paymaster-General of the Army of the United States 446

pay increased 450

allowed the sum of $20,000 compensation for services 453

appointment announced to the Army 446

mentioned 443, 450, 453, 454

Palmer, ,

mentioned 146, 248, 543

Pancoast, David,

commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549

mentioned 554

Parks, Theophilus,

commissioned lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 554

mentioned 559

Parke, John,

appointed an assistant to the Quartermaster-General 141

Parker, Daniel,

mentioned 52, 86, 443

Parker, Paul,

to do duty as brigade-major 59

Parole (see Exchange),

prisoners on, to pay their own expenses 647

Parsons, S. II.,

mentioned > 55

Pabvin,- Mathew,

appointment of, as conductor of artillery confirmed 568

Patten, Thomas,

commissioned captain-lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559

Patterson, ,

mentioned 59, 89

Patterson, Thomas,

appointed brigade-major pro ban 59

Patterson, William,

mentioned 124

764 INDEX.

Pasturage, Page.

States requested to procure, for public horses 175

Patent,

claims for use of any, for preservation of clothing, etc. , not allowed 220

Patent arms (see Inventions J,

purchase of, to be authorized by law 589

Patients,

care of medical and surgical patients in Washington City 510

Paupers,

care of transient, in Washington City 510

Pay (see Half pay; Retired list; Leave of absence),

of officers established 25, 37, 40, 496

increased 31, 36

for every five years' sendee 37, 40

serving extraterritorially increased 47, 48

on the list of invalids 24, 25

of the Adjutant-General's Department 53, 55, 57, 60, 61, 62,

63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81

Inspector-General's Department 89, 90, 92, 93,

94, 96, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114

Judge- Advocate-General's Department 123, 124,

126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133

department of stores and provisions 239

purchases 262, 304, 305, 335, 336, 337

issues 262, 264, 266, 296, 304

hides 263, 298

military stores 536, 541,

545, 546, 551, 552, 557, 560, 562, 563, 567, 571

musters 631, 633, 634, 635

clothier's department 248, 267, 295, 296, 323

Quartermaster's Department. 141, 144, 145, 148, 151, 156, 161, 162,
163, 164, 173, 184, 185, 186, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 201,
203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 218, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233, 336

Subsistence Department 338, 339,

340, 341, 342, 344, 348, 349, 350, 356

Medical Department 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 373, 378,

387, 388, 391, 394, 396, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408,
409, 410, 411, 412, 416, 417, 418, 419, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429, 438

pay department 445, 447, 448, 449, 450, 452, 453, 456, 458,

459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 472, 473, 474

Corps of Engineers 485, 486,

487, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 502, 509, 510, 513

corps of topographical engineers 499

Ordnance Department . . 581, 584, 585, 586, 587, 590, 592, 598, 604
department of the commissary -general of ordnance. 577, 578, 579

prisoners 639, 644, 645, 650

Signal Corps 613, 614, 616, 618, 624

bureau of refugees and f reedmen 655, 656, 657

provost-marshal general's bureau 667, 673, 677

corps of artillery artificers 550, 553

professors of the Military Academy 497, 498

inspector of fortifications 496

contracts 566

cattle ". 288, 306

surveyor of ordnance 558

military agents and assistants 332

superintendent of live stock 317

marine commissioner of prisoners 651

contract surgeons 436, 438

paymasters' clerks 467, 469, 470, 475

ordnance sergeants 583, 598

superintendents of armories 581, 584

national cemeteries 220, 226

post quartermaster-sergeants 229

commissary sergeants 349, 351

hospital stewards 411, 414, 417, 433

company of sappers and miners 504

engineer battalion 508, 510, 514, 515

INDEX. 765

Pay Continued. Page.

of artificers 497

artillery artificers 560, 561, 562

topographical engineer soldiers 509

enlisted men of the Hospital Corps..., 434

Corps of Engineers 511

ordnance 590, 591, 598

the Signal Corps 617, 620, 625

hospital matrons : 431

nurses 416,431,439

employees in the department of stores and provisions . 244, 245, 246, 247, 251 , 253

purchases 317

issues 296

military stores 545, 549

commissary-general of ordnance 577

Quartermaster's Department 197, 198, 199, 224

armories 572,575,584,585,588,598

bakers 253,281,318

respecting deficiency of, by reason of depreciated bills of credit 17, 19

purchase of goods on account of 19

accounts for, how made 20

States requested to discharge deficiency on additional 22

three months, allowed to officers deranged in 1815 27

1818 29

warrant staff officers 28

of engineer member of Deep Waterways Commission 528

Pay Department (see Vacancies),

how organized 463,469,472,474,476,477,478

increased 466,467,468

report of committee on the 457

no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 473, 475

section 6 of act of March 3, 1869, modified as to the 473

number of majors in the, reduced 476, 477

all appropriations under, to constitute one fund 477

vacancy in position of chief of the, how filled 479

officers of the, not to command in the line or other corps 468, 474

disbursing officers of the, to renew their bonds 469, 475

respecting command in the 468

to make payments to the Nurse Corps 439, 478

respecting details for duty in the 478, 479

mentioned 478 479

Paymaster-General (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 445, 458, 459, 463, 465, 469, 472, 473, 474, 476, 478

how appointed 472, 475

to give bonds and take the oath of office 445

appointed 445, 446, 454

appointment of, announced to the Army 446

duties of 322,

446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 456, 457, 464, 465, 469, 470, 472

to keep his office when Congress may sit 452

near headquarters of main army 451, 459

authorized to appoint his assistant and deputy 455

services of, united with those of commissioner of Army accounts 457

to frank and receive letters, etc., free of postage 465

(nee Paymaster of the Army),

to perform his duties under direction of the President 460, 474

ex officio Commissioner of Soldier's Home 470

vacancy in position of, how filled 479

mentioned 448, 452, 453, 454, 455, 467

assistant, authorized : 448, 449

appointed 449

deputy, authorized 445, 452, 461, 468

to take the oath of office 445

appointed 446,447,448,453

duties of 446,447,448,449,450,451,474

allowed commission on disbursements 454

respecting issue of small supply of shirts and linen to the 304, 447

authorized to appoint assistants 445, 449

766 INDEX.

Paymaster-General Continued. Page.

deputy, assistant, authorized 461

respecting retention of 463

discharge of two, revoked 469

mentioned 448

Paymaster of the Army (see Pay),

authorized 457, 460

to give bonds 458

duties of 457, 460, 463

letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 460

retained 461

mentioned 463

Paymasters (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 449, 451, 469, 472, 474, 478

appointed 445 446, 447, 448

to give bonds 445

hospital, to draw clothing 381

of regiments mentioned 456

Corps of Engineers attached to Pay Department 466

(see District paymasters; Battalion paymasters),

authorized to appoint clerks 466, 467, 475

respecting officers of the line acting as 467

number of, reduced 467, 473, 474, 476, 477

discharged on reduction to receive three months' pay 468

to be examined 470, 471

respecting settlement of accounts of 473

to issue deposit books to soldiers. - 473, 475

how selected 469, 472

mode of selection of, repealed 473

additional, authorized 466, 467, 468, 474

may be retained 469, 478

to be examined 470

officers of the line may be assigned to duty as 466

(see Retired list; Vacancies.)

how appointed from civil life 477

respecting pay of military storekeepers designated as 584

mentioned 27, 455, 469, 472, 478, 549

assistant, authorized 445, 449, 455

to give bonds - 448

deputy, authorized 455

appointed 453

allowed one wagon 172, 187, 454, 456

mentioned 449, 452

Paymaster's clerks (see Pay; Rations),

authorized . 464, 467, 469, 470, 475

Payments,

respecting, of claims for supplies furnished - 212

for goods, etc., taken in Philadelphia 293

of extra pay for service in Mexican war 469

to sick and wounded soldiers 470

of bounty 471,472,473,474,659,660

of claims of disloyal persons forbidden 424, 472, 511, 686, 687

to the Army, how made 445, 455, 460, 461, 462, 463, 474, 475

Nurse Corps, by whom made -. . . 439, 478

Pay rolls,

how made 447

Peabody, ,

member of committee 17

mentioned 17

Peale, St. George,

elected commissary of military stores in Maryland - - - - 545

mentioned 533

Peck, William,

to do duty as brigade-major 55

appointed brigade-major 55

appointment of, as deputy adjutant-general, confirmed 58

Peers, Valentine,

appointed brigade-major 58

INDEX. 767

Pelliser, Christopher, Page,

appointed an engineer in the service of the United States 486

Pemberton, Robert,

appointed assistant adjutant-general . . .'. 64

Pendleton, James Jauncey,

pay and rations allowed to, as magazine keeper 245

Penet & Co.,

mentioned .* 563

Penet & Couloux, (Messrs.)

contract with 555

mentioned 555

Penet, Windel & Co.,

mentioned 555

Penn, John,

member of committee 247

appointed to visit hospitals 376

Pennsylvania,

uniform of the, line 15

requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engross-
ers 158,289

requested not to grant exemptions from embargo 289

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166,167

provisions 306, 313

how paid for 307, 313

when deliverable 307, 315

wagons of the, line to be put in order 180

to request contribution of blankets, etc 249

requested to permit vessels to load with provisions for Eastern States 288

furnish flour or wheat 303

cattle . 310

lay up military stores, etc 544

impress arms m Philadelphia 548

to furnish one regiment of artificers 562

German prisoners of war to be removed to 649

mentioned 145, 155,

252, 264, 271, 272, 279, 280, 287, 311, 367, 380, 381, 447, 536, 545, 546, 562

Pensacola Bay,

erection of an arsenal on 583

Pension Bureau,

respecting erection of a building for the 227

Pension laws,

provisions of, applicable to the men in the several staff corps 208,

342, 413, 504, 586

Pensions,

respecting, to nurses , 435

to men who served in the Revolutionary war 28, 29, 409

disabled officers of Provost-Marshal -General's Bureau 680

Pepper,

army ration to include 346, 351

Perry, Ebenezer,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Peruvian bark,

to be sent to the Southern Department 365, 367

Peters, Andrew,

appointed brigade-major 62

Petti no ill, Joseph,

appointed brigade inspector -_ 95

Pettit, Charles,

appointed assistant quartermaster-general 156, 176

permitted to resign 182

Philadelphia. .

number of horses and oxen in, fit for service to be reported 147

n-p.c ting goods, etc., seized in 159, 161,290,293

magazines of provisions to be formed in or near 250

leaden spouts in, to be taken down lor laboratory 548

onlv an issuing store and laboratory to be kept in 562

mentioned,,.; 183,250,367,522,544,545,550,570,571

768 INDEX.

Philippines (see Badges), Pa se.

pay of officers in the, increased 47

mentioned 233, 626

Philips, Peter,

elected commissary of hides 263

declined appointment 265

pay and rations of, as storekeeper 244

mentioned 238,265

Phumekin,

mentioned 383

Physician and Surgeon (see Chief physician and surgeon) ,

authorized 366

Physician and Surgeon-General (see Pay; Rations),

authorized, duties of 372, 408

appointed 373, 374

entitled to draw clothing 381

letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 408

mentioned 380

Physician-Generals (see Pay; Rations),

authorized 371,403,404

appointed 373, 374, 375

duties of 371,374,378,404

Physician in Chief (see Director and physician in chief) .

Pickering, Timothy,

elected quartermaster-general 176

continued as a member of the board of war 176

to have rank of colonel and the pay and rations of brigadier-general over

and above pay of quartermaster-general 176

member of committee 17

appointed adjutant-general 58

mentioned 17,51,69,140,176

Pierce, John,

elected deputy paymaster-general 453

paymaster-general 454

mentioned. 443

Pike, ,

to superintend military hospital at Williamsburg 395

Pike, Zebulon M.,

mentioned 52, 86

Pioneers,

corps of, to be raised 184

Pittsburg, Pa.,

mentioned 195, 585

Plan,

of the inspecting and mustering department 96

for conducting the inspectors' department 100

respecting, for an artillery yard 544

Platt, ,

appointed division inspector 100

Platt, ,

mentioned 182

Platt, Richard,

to do duty as brigade-major 55

mentioned 55

Poe, David,

appointed quartermaster for the town of Baltimore 153

Points Capistrans and Duma,

mentioned 524

Pontoniers (see Engineer soldiers),

Poor, Enoch,

mentioned 60,62,89,95

Pork (see Barrels),

exportation of, prohibited 251

North Carolina to lay an embargo on all 280

to be procured 282

quotas of States to be furnished in 312,313,314,315

may be received in lieu of flour ,,,..,,..,., 316

INDEX. 769

Portage Lake and River Improvement Company Canal, Page.

mentioned 521

Porter, Jabez,

pay and rations allowed to, as magazine keeper 245

PORTERFIELD, ROBERT,

to do duty of brigade-major pro tempore 61

mentioned 61

Portland and Louisville Canal,

mentioned 524

PORTM A NTEAU8,

respecting, furnished to officers 160

Port Orford, Oreg.,

respecting harbor of refuge at 524

Porto Rico,

actual expenses only for travel to and from 46

pay of officers serving in, increased 47

Postage (see Letters),

accounts for official, how paid 681

Post commissary-sergeants,

commissary -sergeants to be known as 357

Post exchanges,

respecting use of public buildings by 230

Postmaster (see Rations),

allowance of transportation to the field 172

Post quartermaster-sergeants,

authorized 228, 233

duties and pay of 229

number of, increased 232

Posts,

limiting expenditure on buildings at 229

respecting use of buildings by post exchanges 230

rations may be issued to Indians visiting 341

meteorological observations to be taken at 614, 616

Post surgeons,

authorized 409

garrison surgeons and mates considered as 689

Potomac River,

mentioned 397

Potomac waterworks,

to be placed in charge of an engineer officer 506

supervision of the, transferred to Department of the Interior 509

Potts, Jonathan,

to be employed as physician and surgeon 366

elected deputy director-general of hospital in Northern Department 374

mentioned: 369, 378

Powder (see Gunpowder),

POWDERHORNS,

horns of bullocks killed to be made into 142, 242, 538

Powder magazines,

precautions against fire in 566, 567

Powder mills,

in State of New York to be put in order 535

colonies requested to erect 540

Precincts,

construction of word, in enrollment act 676

Powell, John W.,

mentioned 349

Power, Alexander,

commissioned quartermaster to the corps of artillery artificers 550

Pratt, John,

mentioned 51

President of the United States (see Clothing; Uniform),

authorized to make calls for military service 670

assign to districts number of men to be furnished 668

make recess appointments 25, 68,

70, 71, 105, 107, 109, 193, 195, 199, 335, 403, 407, 462, 466, 614

S. Doc. 229 49

770 INDEX.

Preston, Will, Page-
commissioned second lieutenant of artillery artificers 549

Price, J.,

elected deputy commissary-general for the army in Canada 243

Price, William,

member of committee 544

Prices,

States requested to adopt a temporary regulation of 153, 274, 550

furnish list of, current in 1774 305

standard of, for medical stores to be established 398

Priming,

improvement in mode of, to be applied to old or new arms 588

Princeton, N. J.,

quartermaster's stores in, to be removed 152

Printing,

respecting, of reports of heads of bureaus 31, 41

cost of public, not to exceed allotment 44

Printing office (see Government Printing Office).

Prison (see Military prison).

Prisoners of war (see Commissary of prisoners),

respecting provisions for 275,

278, 290, 291, 299, 300, 322, 640, 641, 642, 643, 647, 648, 651

hospital for sick 391

exchange of 642, 643, 644, 645, 649, 650, 651

pay of officers and men made 645

removal of 649

Spanish, in New York 645

governor of Virginia to superintend camp for, in that State 160

may be furnished for work in lead mines 549, 641

log barracks to be provided for, in Virginia 640

captured by French fleet, how provided for 642

sailors on board captured ships considered as 640

all, of the Saratoga convention to be removed to Virginia 643

on parole to pay their own expenses 647

President to make regulations for safekeeping of 651

mentioned 280, 394, 639, 640, 642, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649

Produce (see Provisions),

conditional exportation of, authorized 536, 539, 690

Professors,

at the Military Academy authorized 497, 498

Projectiles,

respecting experiments in high explosive 601

Promotions (see Examination; Vacancy),

power of, reserved by Congress 11

in staff of the Army how made 31 , 39

transfers to the staff to be without prejudice to, in the line 30, 39, 98

to cease in the Army after June 18, 1878 42

to be by seniority 44, 81, 117, 134, 206

no new, to be made in staff corps or departments 77,

78, 112, 113, 114, 219, 224, 349, 425, 473, 475, 511, 593, 597

law forbidding, repealed 78, 115, 222, 350, 428, 513, 595

after fourteen years' service authorized 210, 506, 514, 588

in Corps of Engineers above rank of colonel forbidden 512

restriction on, in Corps of Engineers repealed 519

engineer officer to have served three years in grade before 527

Providence, R. I.,

mentioned 59, 571

Providence Hospital,

expenditure of appropriations for, by whom controlled 425

mentioned 425

Providence Plantations,

mentioned 449,535,635

Provisions,

magazines of, to be inspected 87, 253

formed 242,245,250,291,310,324

respecting, for forces on Lake Champlain 239

issue of, to hospitals 267,370,376

members of Congress 269

INDEX. 771

Provisions Continued. Page.

respecting of, issue of, for prisoners of war 278, 291, 640, 641, 644

the people of the Eastern States 288

exportation of, prohibited 246, 286, 289

importation of, authorized 250

(see Beef; Rice; Vegetables. )

respecting, for the Northern Army 246

various commands 248, 286, 290, 643

impressment of, authorized 268, 273, 276, 289

purchase of, authorized 280

(see Prices.)

to be furnished the French squadron 287, 289

quotas of, to be furnished by the States. . 304, 306, 307, 308, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316

contracts for and purchases of, how made 328

mentioned 249, 258, 259, 260, 261, 277, 280, 281, 289, 292, 322, 371, 454

Provost-Marshal-General (see Rank; Pay),

authorized 667

duties of 667,670,676,679

mentioned 668, 669

Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau,

respecting continuance of the 680

Provost-marshals (see Baggage wagons; Forage),

authorized 667

duties of 667, 673

disabled in line of duty entitled to pension 680

mentioned 674, 678

Property (see Public property),

Publications,

sale of surplus, of the Signal Office 615, 616

Public buildings and grounds (see Commissioner of Public Buildings and
Grounds).

Public library (see Washington Public Library),

Public park,

respecting establishment of a, in District of Columbia 524

Public property (see Superintendent of finance) ,

respecting returns of 176, 177, 230, 326, 354, 435, 526, 603

sale of 178

accountability for, of the Signal Corps 621

expenditures for improving, in Washington City, by whom controlled ... 511
board to examine classes and kinds of, in the Signal Service 623, 624

Public stores (see Hospital; Military; Subsistence stores),

respecting removal of 147, 152, 155, 369, 376

issues of, to members of Congress 153, 157, 166, 269

payment of certificates given for purchase of 160, 177, 178, 309

waste or embezzlement of, how punished 177, 308, 383, 561

returns of, to be made 190, 326, 401

mentioned 12,

153, 212, 231, 240, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 331, 403, 492, 550, 568, 575

Public supplies (see Superintendent of finance; Commissary-general of
purchases; Purveyor of public supplies),

respecting necessary, to be procured 145

States to be called on to furnish their quotas of 165

respecting allowance to contractors for furnishing 191

contracts for, how made 193, 228, 331, 338, 402, 403, 571, 575

respecting returns and accounts of 199, 200, 407

proposals for 214, 217

miscellaneous issues of 220

mentioned 200, 214, 215, 216, 223, 224, 225, 339, 356, 657, 686, 687, 689

Puget Sound,

mentioned ., 524

Pulaski, Casimir,

mentioned 59, 451

Purcell, Henry,

appointment of, as deputy judge-advocate, confirmed 124

Purchasing Department,

how organized 337

mentioned 201,339,340

abolished 206

772

INDEX.

Purchases (see Board of War; Board of War and Ordnance; Commissary-
General of Purchases; Clothier-General), Page.

respecting agents of States for making 155

discontinued in States undertaking to furnish their quotas 165, 167, 304

of wheat for forage not to be made 159, 288

how made 174, 191, 193, 196, 208, 209, 225, 228, 331,

332, 343, 344, 352, 402, 403, 406, 415, 431, 507, 508, 571, 575, 589, 599

respecting certificates given for, made 160, 177, 178, 309

returns of, to be made 178

(see Superintendent of Finance; Prices; Ordnance; Ordnance
Stores. )

respecting, of patented firearms 209, 343, 507, 589

miscellaneous, in Philadelphia authorized 249

under $200 may be made in open market 230, 435, 526, 603, 624

of land by freedmen 656

mentioned 199, 200, 213, 215, 216, 223, 255, 350, 432, 590

Putnam, Israel,

montioned 250, 269, 272, 545

Putnam, Rufus,

appointed engineer with rank of colonel 486

appointment announced to the army 486

mentioned 483

Purveyor of public supplies,

authorized 329, 402, 573

duties of 193,331,403,573,575

salary of 496, 499

mentioned 192, 331, 403

office of, abolished 335

Quartermaster-General (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage
wagons),

authorized 141, 156, 167, 186, 193, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 233

appointed 141,144,145,156,175,176

appointment of, announced to the army 144

to take the oath of office 141

how appointed 196,219,224

to give bonds 199

duties of 99, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157,

158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 204, 206, 213, 214, 215, 217,
221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 232, 240, 242, 321, 387, 451, 540, 552

may be taken from the line 201

letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 183, 197, 201, 205

entitled to benefits under the Yorktown capitulation 19

retained 202

President may designate an officer to act as 205

ex officio commissioner of Soldiers' Home 208, 228

vacancy in grade of, how filled 234

mentioned 90, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147,

148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176,
179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189, 190, 197, 198, 204, 208, 211, 224, 230, 253, 258

assistant, authorized 156, 167, 206, 218, 222, 223, 233

appointed 141,143,176

duties of 150,156,158,168,169

mentioned 176, 194

office of, abolished 182

deputy, authorized 141, 143,

151, 152, 154, 167, 176, 183, 186, 194, 199, 200, 202, 206, 218, 222, 223, 233

appointed 143,144,152,180

to take the oath of office 141, 154

duties of 143,

144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 160, 167, 180, 182, 200, 241

entitled to benefits under Yorktown capitulation 19

receiving commissions not entitled to pay or rations 162

may be taken from the line 201

retained 202

INDEX. 773

Quartermaster-General Continued.

[deputy] (see Vacancies), Page.

mentioned 142,149,150,151,158

assistant, authorized . 156, 199, 200

appointed 144, 147

duties of 150

may be taken from the line 201

mentioned 156, 208

Quartermaster-General's Office,

divisions established in the 212, 213, 214

Quartermaster of the Army (see Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 191

Quartermasters (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons),

authorized 194, 204, 207, 217, 218, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233, 492

appointed 152, 153, 550

duties of 150, 153, 154, 184, 196, 202, 215, 217, 223, 568

discharge of, revoked 208

to be examined 211, 212

mentioned 154, 160

district, not to be taken from the line 201

assistant, authorized 195, 202, 204, 206, 207, 218, 222, 231, 233

how appointed 196

appointed 146

to give bonds -. 196

duties of 146, 196, 204, 223

discharge of, revoked 208

to be examined 211, 212

(see Vacancies. )

chief of division ambulance corps to be acting 422

mentioned 206

deputy, authorized 175, 176, 186, 195

how appointed 196

appointed 143, 147

to give bonds 199

duties of 150, 158, 180, 196, 450

mentioned 197, 450

Quartermaster's Department (see Board of War; Committees of Congress),

respecting new arrangement of the 155, 156

how constituted 167, 186, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 232, 233

increased 206,207,208,210,231,232

inquiry to be made into conduct of officers of the 160, 163

all officers of the, to take the oath of office 175, 188

give bonds 202

respecting settlement of business of the late 183

report on operations of the 190

(see Contracts; Purchases; Vacancies.)

corps of artificers attached to the 198

all appointments in the, to be made from the Army 206

duties of purchasing department devolved upon officers of the 206

promotions to rank of najor in the, how made 207

inspectors of the, how selected 207

strict inspection of the, to be made 217

no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 219

respecting appointments and promotions in the 222

detai Is f or duty i n the 233, 234

appointments to grade of captain in the, how made 233, 23-1

mentioned 152,

157, 160, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183, 184, 200, 204, 205, 212, 213, 214,
215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233
Quarters (see Rations),

officers absent exceeding six months not entitled to allowance for 32

pay of officers to be in Full of commutation of 37

may be furnished in kind 38, 40, 42, 220

when commutation of, allowed 42

storekeepers of Quartermaster's Department entitled to, in kind 208

superintendents of national cemeteries to 1h> furnished 220,226

limitation to cost of construction of 229

nurses entitled to 439

774 INDEX.

Quarters Continued. Pa & e -

respecting commutation of, to officers and men in arctic regions 690

claims of, for servants not allowed 684

mentioned 209,220,223,226,229,343,344

Quebec,

mentioned 243

Quotas,

States to be called on to furnish their, of supplies 165, 304

of States to be furnished in forage 166

provisions 306, 307

mentioned 165, 304

respecting, of men for military service 670, 672, 677, 678, 679, 680

Railroad,

respecting, from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean 506

Ramsay, George D.,

mentioned 534

Randolph, Edmund,

appointed deputy muster-master-general for the Southern Department. . . 632

authorized to appoint two deputies 632

Rank,

of officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 53,

55, 60, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81

Inspector-General's Department 87, 89, 90, 92, 96, 100, 102,

103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118

Judge- Advocate-General's Department 123,

124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135

Bureau of Military Justice 131, 132

Quartermaster's Department 141, 143, 144,

145, 147, 151, 152, 191, 193, 194, 196, 201 , 203, 204, 206,
207, 210, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233

Subsistence Department 338, 339,

340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 355, 356, 357

Medical Department 416,

417, 418, 419, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429, 436, 437

Pay Department 469, 472, 473, 474, 478

Corps of Engineers 485, 486, 487, 488, 489,

490, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 509, 510, 513, 526, 527, 529

Corps of Topographical Engineers 499, 502

Ordnance Department 548, 577,

578, 579, 583, 584, 586, 590, 591, 592, 594, 596, 604, 605

Signal Corps 613, 614, 616, 618, 623, 624, 625, 626

Volunteer Signal Corps 625

Department of Musters 633, 635

Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 667, 677

respecting, of hospital surgeons 366, 399

of medical officers, how arranged 413, 433

no, annexed to officers in Department of Military Stores 552

appointments on civil staff confer no, in the Army 635

mentioned 185,323,416,434,456,494,566,650

Rapalje, ,

mentioned 364

Rations (see Subsistence money; Subsistence stores),

allowance of, to general and line officers . . 11, 20, 25, 67, 70, 240, 243, 332, 496, 681

officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 56,

60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74

Inspector-General's Department 90,

92, 94, 96, 104, 105, 106

Judge- Advocate-General's Department 124,

125, 126, 127, 128

Department of Stores and Supplies 248

Purchases 262, 304, 305, 317

Issues 262

Hides 298

Military Stores 551,

552, 557, 561, 562, 566, 567

INDEX. 775

Rations Continued. Page.

allowance of. to officers of the Clothier's Department 248, 267, 296, 323

Quartermaster's Department. . . 146, 162, 183, 184,
185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 196, 197, 198, 199, 208, 324

Medical Department 373, 388, 397, 399, 400,

401, 402, 405, 406, 407, 408, 411

Pay Department 446, 447, 449, 455, 458, 459

Corps of Engineers 486, 492, 497

Ordnance Department 577, 579

Department of Musters 633

Prisoners of War 639, 650, 651

corps of artificers 164, 198

artillery artificers 550, 553

geographers 325, 494, 495

paymaster's clerks 470

superintendents of armories 575, 581

superintendent of bakers 253, 281, 318

company of bakers 281

sappers and miners 504

topographical engineer soldiers 509

master armorers 575, 581

hospital stewards 411

wagon masters. 188, 197, 324

conductors 189, 324

forage masters 197, 206, 224, 324

artificers of Quartermaster's Department 324

engineers 497

wagoners 161 , 163

matrons 332, 423, 431, 689

nurses 332,417,431,439,689

employees of Department of Stores and Supplies 244, 245

Ordnance Department 549, 577, 581

established 240,

241, 242, 285, 295, 305, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 344, 345, 346, 351, 688, 689

President authorized to make alterations in 338

commutation price of 11, 14, 18, 26, 31, 35, 242, 261, 333, 450, 451

(seeRim; Coffee; Sugar; Peppeb),

no officer to draw more than one 14

compensation allowed for neglect to draw 21

officers' servants entitled to 17, 25, 28

one extra, allowed for every regimental coat turned 22

additional, for every five years' service 29, 36, 412

back, not allowed 30

to disabled officers when retired 32

officers in the field permitted to purchase 35, 39

increased commutation of, when not allowed 36

pay of officers to be in full of longevity 37

respecting purchase of, on credit 35, 41 , 687

half a, allowed for cutting wood for hospitals 190

of soap may be increased 265

cost of each part of a, to be computed 277

commanders of armies to determine, to be issued 288

of flour reduced 300

officers to be furnished two, per day 311

not to draw, on public account 322

respecting contracts made for supplying 327, 328

to troops on the frontiers augmented 329, 330, 352

officers' servants not soldiers ^ 333

detachments of seamen and marines 337

various issues of, authorized 341, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356

payment of commutation of, to prisoners ot war 348

vegetables added to the 354

respecting, for released prisoners of war 642, 644

prisoners of war 643, 645

mentioned 17,

19, 20, 21, 56, 58, 98, 184, 227, 245, 249, 252, 260, 261 , 272, 287, 296, 306,
311, 322, 323, 324, 325, 382, 397, 398, 405, 455, 471,47.. V W, 601, 634, 640
Rawhides (ee Commissary of hides),

respecting manufacture of shoes from 270, 274

776 INDEX.

Reading, Pa., Page.

respecting escape of prisoners of war from 650

Rebellion (see Badges; Uniform),

modified oath for those who participated in late 682

Confederate officers not eligible to appointment in the Army 683

Recruiting agents,

respecting, in the Southern States 677, 680

Recruits,

not subject to draft, how credited 680

Red coats,

officers forbidden to wear 19

Reed, George,

member of committee 540

mentioned 160

Reed, Joseph,

elected adjutant-general 55

appointment announced 55

mentioned 3, 51

Reed, Thomas,

appointed assistant paymaster-general 449

elected deputy paymaster-general at Albany 453

mentioned 453

Reed, William,

elected hospital physician 394

Reedy Island, Pa.,

respecting dike between, and Sistons Point 526

Refugees (see Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen),

respecting issue of provisions and fuel to 655

medical stores, etc., to 657

lands set apart for use of 656

Regimental surgeons,

respecting, and mates absent without leave 372

mentioned 373

Regiments (see Uniform),

commanders of, not to muster their own commands 98

to report health of their troops 369

members of, to receive an extra ration for every coat turned 22

respecting colors of 143

transportation of tents of 187

surgeons of volunteer 413

not belonging to any State line 395

to send officers to buy arms 538, 539

respecting requisitions for arms, etc., for 568

mentioned 391,456,559

Regnier, ,

appointed subinspector 94

assigned to Generals Clinton's and Stark's brigades 94

Regulations (see General Regulations),

for the exercise of the troops 90, 92, 96

muster and inspection 96

to be approved by Congress 99

commissary and clothier's departments 286

department of hides .' 285, 297

military stores 552

Quartermaster's Department 155, 157, 186

Corps of Engineers 490

Ordnance Department 581, 597

corps of wagoners 161, 162, 451, 635

government of hospitals 404, 405

issue of artificial limbs 425

relative to prisoners of war 651

mentioned 91,93,677

Remick, Timothy,

to do duty of inspector 100

Rent,

of buildings in Virginia and at Philadelphia and West Point 571

land set apart for refugees and freedmen 656

INDEX. 777

Repairs, Page.

to old Ford's Theater 525

house in which Mr. Lincoln died 528

Reports,

by officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 55

department of purchases and issues 245

clothier's department 326

Quartermaster's Department 143

Hospital Department ". 368

Ordnance Department 578, 580, 596

department of musters 632

Signal Office 614, 616

Bureau of Freedmen and Refugees 656

colonels of regiments 369

on condition of the branches of the War Department 190,

327, 328, 457, 569, 570, 571

mentioned 451 , 675, 676

Resignation,

officers leaving their post prior to acceptance of, deemed deserters 32, 33

Resistance,

to draft, how punished 673

Resolves of Congress,

repealed 20, 65, 96, 127, 162, 184, 186, 318, 321, 323, 379, 397, 455, 566, 567

in part 64, 102, 183, 389, 567

relative to the government of the Army to be compiled 14

Hospital Department to be revised 382

mentioned 381, 382, 397, 451, 455, 565

Retired list (see Pay; Rations; Uniform),

officers may be placed on the, after 30 years' service 37, 39

40 years' service 32, 39

45 years' service 34, 39

on reaching the age of 64 42

paymasters may be placed on the, after 20 years' service 476

officers on the, may be assigned to certain duties 32

entitled to longevity rations 36

not to be assigned to duty 36

eligible for duty at the Soldiers' Home 37, 40

disabled for active service to be placed on the 32, 39

by wounds to be placed on the, with highest rank 35

to be placed on the, with actual rank 38

on the, withdrawn from promotion 32, 39

may be employed in time of war 45

eligible to Territorial offices 685

respecting officers on the, who had served as chiefs of staff corps 47,

82, 118, 136, 234, 358, 479, 606, 627

by the Secretary of War 184,326,401

officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 55, 57

Inspector-General's Department 102

department of stores and supplies 245, 246, 249

purchases 260, 284, 303, 305, 309, 312, 336

issues 200,303

military stores 568, 569

hides 270, 821

clothiers' department 247, 299, 322, 326

Hospital Department 806,811,868,

369, 372, 373, 378, 382, 385, 386, 388, 390, 396, 397, 399, 101

Pay Department 446

Quartermaster's Department 143, 144, 148, 149, 150,

161, 165, 169, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 183, 188, 190, 200, 318

Ordnance Department 577, 578, 580

department of musters 632, 633

prisoners of war 639, 642, 645, 647

respecting uniformity of, under contracts .... 410, i:iL', r.oi). :.l 7, 590, r><)7, 086, 687

States to make, of purchases for the United States 167

by line officers receiving camp and garrison equipage 204

mentioned 58, 1 96, 230,

257, 258, 259, 354, 435, 491, 492, 526, 651, 563, 565, 568, 603, 634, 686, 687

778 INDEX.

Reviews, Page.

how conducted 88, 100, 101

Revised Statutes,

provision of section 355 of the, waived 232

section 229 abolished 230

1144 mentioned 622

1194 repealed 474

1206 and 1207 mentioned 623

1218 amended 685

1348 amended 115

1756 repealed 685

1860 amended 685

Revolutionary war {see Badges).
Reward,

for best covering for huts 154

rawhide substitute for shoes 274

Rhode Island,

uniform of the line 15

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166

provisions 306, 312

how paid for 307,312

when deliverable 307, 314

requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

mentioned 58,154,164,278,449,635

Rice,

importation of, authorized 250

quota of South Carolina to be furnished in 307

how paid for 307

Rice, Nathan,

appointed inspector 95

Richardson, James,

pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244

Richardson, William,

mentioned 264, 634

Rickman, William,

elected director of hospital in Virginia 365

mentioned 375, 376, 391

Rifles,

to be procured : . . 546, 547

respecting adoption of new 602, 603

Ripley, James W.,

mentioned 534

Risberg, Gustavus,

appointed assistant to Deputy Quartermaster-General Biddle 144

RlTTENHOUSE, ,

mentioned 485

Rivers,

respecting surveys of, and harbors 519, 522

Roads {see Cumberland road; National road),

respecting surveys, etc., upon the subject of 500

to be cut in Florida 501

contracted in Arkansas 501

ROBERDEAU, DANIEL,

member of committee 253

ROBERDEAU ISAAC,

mentioned 484

Robinson,

mentioned 65

Robinson, Caleb,

to do the duty of inspector 100

Rochefontaine, Stephen,

mentioned 483

Rochester, William B.,

mentioned 443

Rock Island, III.,

an arsenal established at 591

INDEX. 779

Rock Island Arsenal, Page.

mentioned 524

Rodney, Cesar,

member of committee 239, 536

Roe, James,

appointed deputy commissary -general of purchases 265

Roe, Jesse,

commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549

Rogers, John,

member of committee 538

Rolls (see Pay; Muster rolls).
Root, Jesse,

mentioned 102, 163, 298

Rosekrans, James,

to do the duty of brigade inspector 96

Ross, ,

mentioned 63

Ross, George,

member of committee 247, 249

mentioned 146, 250

Rubsamen, Jacob,

mentioned 566

Rucker, Daniel H.,

mentioned 140

Ruddock, John,

appointment of, as deputy commissary of military stores, confirmed 568

Rudolph, Michael,

mentioned 51 , 85

Ruggles, George B.,

mentioned 52

Rules and Articles op War (see Articles of War).
Rum,

issue of, to troops in battle of Brandy wine 268

to be procured 278

for distribution to the people of New York 300

quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 307, 312, 313

how paid for 307

when deliverable 314, 315

regulating issue of, to the Army 310

mentioned 333

Rumsey, Benjamin,

member of committee t 255

Rush, Benjamin,

member of committee 246, 367

elected surgeon-general of hospital in middle department 373

physician-general of hospital in middle department 375

resignation accepted 376

mentioned 361,366,375,378

Rutgers, Jr., Henry,

appointed deputy commissary-general of musters 635

Rutledge, Edward,

member of committee 540

Ryan, Michael,

to do duty as brigade major 58

relieved from temporary duty as iuljiitant-general 58

appointed brigade inspector 89

Sabine Lake,

channel through, to be reexamined 528

Sackett, Delos B.,

mentioned 86

Sacramento River, Cal.,

relative to improvement of the 626

780 INDEX.

Saddle horses, Page.

number of, allowed general and line officers 187, 188, 189, 494

officers of the Adjutant-General's Department. . 65, 188, 189
Inspector-General's Department. 102, 188, 189

Quartermaster's Department 174, 188, 189

department of purchases 317

military stores. . . 188, 567, 568

prisoners 188,189

hospital department 189, 399, 400

judge-advocates 127, 188, 189

deputy paymaster 188, 456

geographers 189, 495

provost-marshal 188

captain of engineers 188, 494

mentioned 90, 103

Saddlers,

attached to division ambulance corps 422

St. Augustine, Fla.,

respecting improvement of harbor at 522

St. Clair, Arthur,

mentioned 20, 51, 56, 57, 100

St. Francis River, Ark.,

mentioned 501

St. Louis, Mo.,

quartermaster depot at, mentioned 217

arsenal to be erected at or near 582

proposed ice harbor at 519

bridge to, over Mississippi River 526

St. Martin, ,

appointed engineer with rank of lieutenant-colonel 486

Sale,

unauthorized, of public stores, how punished 150, 177, 308, 383, 561

respecting, of articles of clothing 142, 221, 241

goods taken from Philadelphia 161, 293

horses unfit for service 172

buildings and other property 178

dragoon horses 190

public property no longer needed 190, 326, 400, 568

unserviceable stores 204, 260, 339, 340, 410, 582, 593

woolen goods to soldiers 240

subsistence supplies to officers and men 354, 685, 687

articles kept by Subsistence Department 35, 349, 351, 684

smooth-bore guns for experimental purposes 601

surplus signal maps, etc 615, 616

certain property of bureau of refugees, etc 662

of certain stores stopped 569

mentioned 505, 587

Salisbury, Conn.,

respecting furnace at 543, 544, 549

Salt,

respecting manufacture of 239, 252, 262

importation of, authorized 243, 261, 271, 278

exportation of, prohibited 251

to be provided ". 254,260,275

quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 307, 312, 313

how paid for 307, 312, 313

when deliverable 314, 315

mentioned 262, 272, 275

Saltpeter,

colonies requested to collect 535

respecting manufacture of 535, 537, 538, 539, 540, 566

importation of, authorized 536, 690

purchase of, authorized 538

exportation of, prohibited -. 573

mentioned 540,690

San Monica Bay, Cal.,

respecting a deep-water harbor on 525

INDEX. 781

San Pedro Bay, Cal., Page,

relative to proposed deep-water harbor on 525

Sappers and miners (see Pay; Rations),

authorized 489, 498, 503

uniform of corps of 18, 21

corps of, how organized 492

respecting tools, implements, etc., for 504

mentioned 490,493,495,504,505

Saratoga convention (see Prisoners op war).

Sargent, Wintrop,

mentioned 51, 85

Sauerkraut,

contracts to be made for supplies of 265

Sawtelle, Charles G.,

mentioned 140

Scammell, Alexander,

to continue to do duty as brigade major 53

appointed temporary assistant to the adjutant-general 56

elected adjutant-general 59

mentioned 51, 62, 100, 395

School of instruction,

respecting, at Fort Myer, Va 620

School buildings,

respecting sale of, under Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 662

Schreiber, Jacob,

permitted to return to Europe 493

Schuyler, Peter,

appointment of, to take charge of the arms, confirmed 539

Schuyler, Philip,

member of committee 17, 535

to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Northern army if General

Gates had not done so 58

to appoint a deputy judge-advocate if General Gates had not done so 124

mentioned. . . . 17, 53, 54, 142, 143, 240, 241, 242, 248, 252, 364, 537, 539, 543, 545, 632

Scott, ,

to do the duty of division inspector 95

mentioned 95, 100

Scott, Charles,

mentioned 55, 57, 89

Scott, Joseph,

appointed brigade major 59

Scott, Moses,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon ." 389

resignation accepted 390

mentioned 395

Scott, William,

appointed brigade major 62

Scudder, Nathaniel,

member of committee 283, 291

mentioned 159, 163, 298

Scull, Petek,

appointed brigade major 54

Sea coast,

respecting notice on the, of approach of storms 614

Seamen,

respecting enlistment of certain, prisoners of war 642

drafted, may enlist in the naval service 671, 672

respecting issue of rations to detachments of 337

Ska hi. I-:, .1 \mks

member of committee 291

Sears, Peter,

commissioned second lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559

Secretaries (nee Pay) ,

allowed to Ins|H'ctor-(ieneral of main Army 96, 100, 107

Secretary of War,

to inquire into delays in forwarding supplies 185,324

make return to Congress of oflirers in Quartermaster's Department 184

782 INDEX.

Secretary of War Continued. Page.

to transmit to States a list of their officers 23

issue warrants for pay and rations 20, 455

brevet commissions to specified class of officers 23

examine all estimates and returns 20

provide guards for safe conveyance of money, etc 184

prescribe kinds and amounts of supplies to be purchased 200

control all transportation 210

direct building and management of barracks, magazines, etc 184, 565

distribution of clothing 323

cause returns to be made of all stores and property 326, 401, 569

appoint a commissary of military stores subject to his orders 567

stop the sale of certain stores 569

submit returns of ordnance and ordnance stores 569

take direction and care of prisoners of war 649, 650

mentioned 21, 66, 188, 190,

191, 323, 324, 396, 398, 401, 455, 456, 489, 495, 566, 568, 570, 650, 651
Secret committee (see Committees of Congress),

to provide equipage for 3,000 horse * 147

deliver linen in their hands fit for tents 148

import certain enumerated goods and stores 243

cargoes of salt 243

stop exportation of salted provisions from New York 245

devise means of procuring deerskins 246

appoint trusty persons to purchase clothing 250

deliver part of cargo of the Mercury to the clothier-general 252

furnish clothier-general copies of invoices of all imported clothing, etc. 253
enable agents in Europe and the West Indies to effect importation of salt. 261

contract for converting flour into biscuits 264

import medical instruments and supplies 365

forward medical supplies, etc. , to points indicated 365

contract for importation of military stores 536, 537, 538

export produce for importation of arms 537, 539

deliver saltpeter to be manufactured into gunpowder 540

powder to prove cannon 540

of secret correspondence, to apply for the use of one or more of the Conti-
nental fleet 540

to furnish powder to cannon committee 543

deliver all arms, etc. , in their care to the board of war 543

distribute cargo of flints 543

procure brass artillery 544

arms for 3,000 horse 544

reports of T 1 46, 543

Seeds,

respecting, for regimental gardens 326

Seely, T.,

appointed brigade-major 60

Selman, ,

to do the duty of brigade-major 62

mentioned 62

Sknter, Isaac,

mentioned 366

Sentries,-

watch coats to be purchased for use of 142

Sergeant, Jonathan,

member of committee 540

Sergeant, Jonathan D.,

mentioned 124

Sergeant, Samuel,

commissioned superintendent of public works at Carlisle 549

pay of 549

Sergeants,

master workmen to be designated as 590, 596

two signal, to be commissioned each year 617, 619

Servants (see Waiters),

allowances to enlisted youths retained as 17

not to be furnished from the line without authority 20

*An old technical term meaning a body of cavalry. In this sense the word "horse" isin the singular.

INDEX. 783

Servants Continued. Page,

respecting employment of and allowances for. . 27, 28, 34, 36, 64, 126, 127, 567, 650

officers absent exceeding six months not to receive allowances for. 32

claims for quarters for, not allowed 684

mentioned 37, 317, 325, 400, 495, 562, 682

Services.

contracts for, how made 208, 209, 343, 344, 415, 507, 508, 589

Service,

length of, how computed 36, 438

8k WALL, ,

to do duty of brigade inspector 99

Shallops,

impressment of, authorized 270

Shaw, Samuel,

appointed brigade-major 57

Sheepskins,

to whom deliverable 311, 322, 562, 565

Shells,

contracts for, to be made 540, 554, 560

Sherman, Roger,

mentioned 142, 241, 253, 254

Shetfall, Mordecai,

appointed, provisionally, deputy commissary-general of issues 291

Ship canal,

near Isthmus of Darien 506

to connect certain lakes with Puget Sound 524

Shippen, William, Jr.,

elected physician for the flying camp 366

to superintend an army hospital in New Jersey 368

elected director-general of all the hospitals 373

director-general 389

mentioned 361 , 362, 367, 368, 375, 383, 390

Ships (see Vessels),

duties of masters of, taking prisoners 646

mentioned 146, 240, 248, 286, 537, 541 , 543, 555

Shiras, Alexander E.,

mentioned 238

Shirts (see Linen),

respecting distribution of small supply of 125, 304, 382, 446, 447, 491, 635, 636

delivery of two, per man to be shortly made 325

on hand to be drawn for by lot 325

linen for, to be imported 263

States requested to procure materials for 263

supplies of 275

mentioned 263, 285, 326, 376

Shoes,

to be inspected 142

exchange of rawhides for, authorized 263

reward for best rawhide substitutes for 274

leather and deerskins to be purchased for making 274

to be procured 285

States requested to procure supplies of 275

not to be worn in powder magazines 567

mentioned 153, 285, 376

Shot,

contracts for, to l>e made 554, 560

Sick,

respecting transportation for the removal of the 179

blankets, etc. , for the, in hospitals 273

care and accommodation for the 369

relief of the, before removal to hospitals 380

number of, in hospitals to be reported 368, 390

respecting relief of the transient 390

ambulances for the removal of the 421

mentioned 422

Signal Bureau,

not to duplicate work of other bureaus - . . . 618

784 INDEX.

Signal Cokps (see Volunteer Signal Corps; Vacancies), Page.

how organized 613, 623, 626

enlisted strength of the 613, 615, 617, 618, 620, 621, 622, 623, 625

officers and men of the, how selected 614

may purchase subsistence stores 622

enlisted men of the, may be mounted 616

held responsible for public property * 621

two sergeants of the, to be commissioned each year 617, 619

respecting details of line officers for duty in the 618, 619, 620, 321, 622

civilian duties of the, transferred to Weather Bureau. 622

appointments and promotions in the, how made 623

appropriations for the, how made 623

board to examine classes and kinds of property of the 623

in time of war enlisted strength of the, to be increased 625

ten volunteer subalterns to be appointed in the 626

mentioned 624, 626

Signal flags,

by whom furnished 186

Signal officers (see Vacancies),

authorized 613

how selected 614

to be examined 613

engineer officers may be detailed as 614, 616

respecting detail of line officers for duty as 618, 619, 620, 621, 622

may be assigned to staff of Army corps 625

after civil war to be restored to respective commands 614

mentioned 624, 626

Signals,

respecting, for benefit of agriculture and commerce 614, 616

of approach of storms on the lakes and seaeoast 614, 616

Signal Service,

respecting enlistments in the 615

details of engineer officers and men for the 614, 616

appropriations for the 620

commutation of quarters for members of the, in arctic regions . 690
commission to consider present organization of the 619

Signatures (see Autograph signatures).

Simms, ,

to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania 380

Sioux City, Iowa,

respecting improvement of the Missouri River to 528

Skinner, Abraham,

elected commissary-general of prisoners 648

mentioned 637

Slaves,

respecting, drafted or enlisted 675, 676

Smith, ,

appointed inspector 95

Smith, ,

mentioned 145

Smith, Campbell,

mentioned 121

Smith, Daniel,

appointed assistant deputy purveyor 395

Smith, John K.,

appointed brigade-major 60

inspector 89

continued in the office of brigade-major 66

Smith, Johnson,

commissioned contractor for public works at Carlisle, Pa 549

Smith, Mathew,

appointed deputy adjutant-general 59

Smith, Jonathan B.,

elected deputy mustermaster-general for the flying camp 632

mentioned 254,632

Smith, Meriwether,

member of committee 14, 15

INDEX. 785

Smith, William, Pagt.

continued as subinspector 99

Smith, William,

member of committee 253

Smith, William,

mentioned 443

Smith, William,

elected druggist 367

Smith, William S.,

appointed commissary of prisoners 651

Smyth, Alexander,

mentioned 86

Soap,

exportation of, forbidden 251

ration of, may be increased 265

contracts to be made for supplies of 265

Societies (see Military societies).

Soldieks' Home,

retired officers eligible for duty at the 37

board of commissioners of the, how composed 75,

78, 79, 133, 208, 228, 343, 352, 353, 414, 432, 433, 470

respecting inspections of the 114

medical supplies to be sold to the, at cost 436

Booth,

respecting issues of provisions to destitute persons in the 661

South Carolina,

uniform of the, line 15

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166

provisions 307

when deliverable 307

purchase of leather in, authorized 300

requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535

mentioned 124, 291, 382, 394, 395, 451, 452, 558, 571, 632, 635, 648

Southern Army,

respecting appointment of staff officers for the 17,

103, 127, 183, 186, 317, 392, 394, 455, 493, 567, 644, 650

magazines of forage to be provided for the . . .' 179

tents and wagons for the, to be furnished 180

corps of pioneers to be raised for the _. 184

respecting delays in sending supplies to the 185, 324

clothing, camp equipage, etc. , to be furnished the 318

to be provided with arms, powder, etc 563

respecting artificers with the 563

i < miiiiander of, authorized to make exchanges 644

mentioned 175, 180, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 392, 455

Southern Department,

respecting appointment of staff officers 54, 61, 62, 143, 159, 370, 395, 485, 631

Peruvian bark to be sent to the 365, :;t>7

t n-panning instruments to be sent to the 306

respecting hospitals in the 389

an inspector of contracts to be appointed for the 398

mentioned 448, 491

BOUTHBJUI States,

a magazine of ammunition to be formed in the ">45

respecting recruiting agents in certain <>77

Si- wish-American war,

mentioned 48, 438, 686

Si-AxisH renowns,

respecting provi si on for the, In New York 645

Sl'KNSKK, JoSEI'H,

Congress confirmed his appointment d William Peck as deputy adjutant-
general

mentioned 53, 55, 56

Si-inker, Oliver,

to superintend hospitals in Jersey 888

mentioned 390, 493

S. Doc. 229 50

786 INDEX.

Spirits, Page,

respecting allowance of coffee and sugar in lieu of 341

Spoons,

to be supplied to the soldiers 687

Spouts (see Leaden spouts).

Springfield, Mass.,

magazine and laboratory to be erected in 547

mentioned 560, 565, 570, 571, 572

Springfield Armory.

mentioned 581, 584, 585, 592

Sprogle, Lodowig,

authorized to muster the Pennsylvania militia 635

Sprout,

appointed brigade inspector 89

subinspector 94

Stables,

for horses of members of Congress 156

number of horses in the public, to be reported ] 47

Stadler, John,

elected engineer for Southern Department 485

Staff (see Volunteer staff; Subsistence money),

appointment on the civil, confers no rank in the Army 14, 635

respecting appointment, on the conferring rank equal to that held in the

line 30

may be taken from the line or from citizens 28

servants allowed to the general and military 20

respecting transfers to the, from the line 26, 39, 73

powers and duties of the general, to be defined 27

promotions in the, how made 31, 39

of corps, divisions and brigades, how constituted 79, 116,

134,231,436,526,604,625

brigadier assigned to main army to act as chief of 109

warrant officers on the civil, liable to arrest and trial 161, 293, 380, 490, 558

mentioned 28, 110, 613

Staff departments (see Vacancies),

inquiry to be made into expenses of the 17

enlisted men in the, entitled to benefit of pension laws 208, 342, 413, 504, 568

respecting infantry subalterns appointed in the 185, 323, 455, 494, 566, 650

mentioned 21 , 175

Staff officers,

appointed from the line to revert to it on promotion 14

not to draw more than one ration a day 14

supernumerary, may be d ischarged 1 4, 17

form of commission for 14

to receive one additional ration for every five years' service 29, 412

unnecessary, to be furloughed 23

to be citizens 70, 108, 195, 407

entitled to clothing if they engage for one year or more 380

mentioned '. 13, 68, 70, 106, 108, 195, 304, 403, 407, 459

Stagg, John,

appointed brigade-major pro tempore 59

mentioned 60, 85, 103

Stamps,

special, for official business .-. 38

Stanton, Thomas H.,

mentioned 443

Stark, John,

mentioned 56, 94, 95, 100

Staten Island, N. Y. H.,

improvement of channel )>etween, and New Jersey 518

State prison,

respecting erection of Symsbury mines into a 649

State, War, and Navy building,

respecting construction of the 513

superintendent of the, authorized 519

States,

authorized to suspend staff officers not appointed by Congress 13

INDEX. 787

States Continued. Page.

requested to make up deficiency of subsistence money 14

additional pay 22

respecting compensation 1 >y the, in lieu of half pay 23

to be notified of detail of volunteers on ambulance duty 76

requested to grant writs on application of judge-advocate 125

compel the furnishing of supplies 145

afford assistance in procuring tent cloth 147

forage 159

clothing, etc 251,275,277,299

enforce a temporary regulation of prices 153, 274, 550

exempt certain persons from militia duty 163, 283

inquire into conduct of persons in public service 163, 297

furnish their quota of supplies 165, 304

make provision for pasturing horses 175

furnish forage 180

cause assessment of blankets to be made 252

procure homemade linen 263

take measures against engrossers and others 273, 275, 276, 289

, aid in enforcing embargo 286

furnish list of prices current in 1774 305

report names of their purchasing agents 317

appoint examining medical boards 368

inspectors of powder 542

persons to manufacture accouterments 553, 554

collect arms from persons not in service 545, 546

make no exchanges of prisoners 645

quotas of, to be furnished in forage 166, 167

provisions 306, 307, 312, 313, 314, 315

respecting persons in the, who have failed to take the oath of office. 154, 279, 377

appointment of deputy quartermasters in the several 167

stands of arms to be provided for sale to the 574

relief to destitute persons in the Southern and Southwestern 660

respecting recruiting agents in the Southern 677, 680

mentioned 19, 126, 165, 169, 188, 247, 251, 262, 273, 288,

293, 294, 296, 299, 301, 304, 370, 394, 395, 544, 545, 547, 551, 639, 640, 646
Steel,

to be purchased 545

respecting manufacture of 550

regulates price of oil-tempered and annealed 604

conduct of experiments in testing 513

Steel <;ins,

contract for, authorized 602

STEEL-WIRE 8EACOAST (ilNS,

material for, may l>e purchased 604

Sternberg, George M.,

mentioned 362

Steiben, Frederick W. A.,

appointed inspector-general 89

appointment announced to the Army 90

to be furnished two good horses for his use 90

continued inspector-general of the armies of the United States 99, 102

granted additional pay 102

in accepting resignation of, Congress tendered him their thanks and

voted him a sword 103

mentioned 93, 94, 100, 490

Stevenson, ,

to superintend the hospitals in Jersey 380

Stewart, Archibald,

elected deputy commissary -general of issues 265

resigned 266

Stewart, Charles,

elected commissary-general of issues 263

mentioned 238,316

Stewart, Walter,

appointed ins|>ector for the Northern Army 103

Stii.es, Kecuen,

pay and rations allowed to, as magazine k'-|KM- 244

788 INDEX.

Stirling, Lord, Page,

mentioned 55, 60, 90

Stock,

States requested to authorize seizure of live 276

superintendent of live, authorized 317

Stockings,

importation of 252

States requested to procure supplies of 275

to be purchased 142

respecting, for the sick and wounded in hospitals 376

mentioned 285

Stockton, Richard,

member of committee 246, 247, 367

Stone, Thomas,

member of committee 247

Storehouses,

respecting impressment of 270

Storekeepers (see Military; Medical; Ordnance storekeepers),

authorized 167,186,363,364,370,387

appointed 142, 143

duties of 317, 318

pay of certain 244

post quartermaster-sergeants to perform the duties of 229

mentioned 571

Stores (see Public stores).

Storey, John,

respecting pay and rations of 183

to settle business of the late Quartermaster-General's Department 183

appointed to take charge of all intrenching tools 157

Storms,

respecting notice of approach of 614, 616

Storrow, Samuel H.,

mentioned 1 21

Strape, Henry,

commissioned lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 554

Straw,

to be provided for the troops 145, 153, 154

two bundles of, per tent to be issued 186

Streets,

cost of improving certain, in Washington City, by whom paid 510

Stringer, Samuel,

appointed director of hospital and chief physician and surgeon 364

director and physician of hospital in Northern Department 367

mentioned 240, 361, 364, 366, 367, 369

Stroup, Henry,

resignation accepted 562

Sturgeon Bay,

mentioned 520

Subsistence,

certain accounts of, how signed 22, 325

abstracts of, to whom sent 325

respecting contracts for 209, 339, 343, 344, 415, 416, 589, 590

for prisoners of war 642, 643

Subsistence Department (see Vacancies; Contracts; Purchases),

how constituted '338, 348, 349, 350, 356, 357

increased 341 , 342, 344, 345

respecting sales by, to officers and men 35, 349, 351, 354, 684

no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 349

appointments in the, how made 355

appropriations for the, to constitute one fund 357

respecting details for duty in the 357, 358

mentioned 348, 350, 351 , 354

Subsistence money,

allowance of, to officers 14, 15, 20, 21, 164, 325, 380, 381, 382, 453, 559, 566

enlisted men 15,164,381,453

mentioned 19

Subsistence stores,

respecting claims for, furnished 347

to be provided for an army of 3,000 men for six months 242

respecting capture of vessels laden with 240, 241

INDEX. 789

Sf BSTITUTES, Page.

drafted men may furnish 669, 671

to receive same pay as drafted men 670

who may be accepted as 671, 680

mentioned 675, 678, 679

Suffering,

no one to be deemed, who is able to find work 657

Sugar,

respecting distribution of, to the people of New York 300

ratio of, to every 100 rations 341, 343, 351

ration of, may be commuted 345, 351

Sullivan, John,

mentioned 99

Sri. i. ivax, Thomas C,

mentioned 238

Sulphur,

colonies requested to collect 535

respecting importation of 536, 537, 550, 690

manufacture of 540

removal of the, in New York City 690

exportation of, prohibited 573

Superintendent-General of military supplies (see Purveyor op public supplies),
to prescribe forms of returns and accounts 199, 336, 578

Superintendent of artificers,

authorized; how appointed; duties of 198

SlI'KRINTENDENT OF FINANCE,

authorized to make removals 181, 319, 393, 492, 563

to procure or contract for all supplies 183, 321, 322, 394, 564

appoint inspectors of contracts 185, 323, 398, 566

report cause of delays in forwarding supplies 185, 324

ascertain value of ration 454

establish magazines at Fort Pitt 324

provide for safe-keeping, etc. , of prisoners of war 649

mentioned 566, 569

SUPERINTENDENT OF MILITARY STORES,

duties of 577

SUPERINTENDENT (see MILITARY ACADEMY; NATIONAL CEMETERIES),

of bakers appointed 253

pay of 318

magazines of provisions authorized 280

cattle mentioned 305

live stock authorized 317

appointments of line officers as, of hospitals. . 380, 381, 382, 383, 390, 394, 395, 400

of arms and military aceouterments appointed 554

armories authorized 572

respecting a, of a brass cannon foundry 553

office of, at certain armories abolished 585

of manufacture of iron cannon authorized 586, 586

respecting civilian, of armories 587, 588, 590

authorized for the State, War, and Navy Building 519

Superior, Wis..

respecting harbor of 528

Supplies (nee Public supplies).

Si i:<,i;c in-General (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage),

authorized 371,410,423,427,429,437

appointed 373,374,375,378

how appointed 417, 424, 430

duties of 371, 374, 417, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 432, 435, 436, 438

letters, etc., to and from, free of postage 412

ex officio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 432, 433

Surgeons (see Hospital physicians; Hospital burgeons; Medical Depart-
m knt) ,

respecting issue of small supply of shirts and linen to 304 , 182

authorized in each district to superintend hospitals ".71

a senior, appointed in the flying hospital 382, 388

appointed to regiment of invalids 390

respecting promotion of regimental 395, 397

number of post, established 410

two, to be discharged 412

790 INDEX.

Surgeons Continued. Page.

discharge of two, revoked 413

each brigade to have one 416

to be detailed to the military prison 427

number of assistant, reduced 428, 435

{See Contract surgeons; Vacancies. )

respecting appointment of, and assistant surgeons 411, 429

assistant, to be examined prior to promotion as captain 434

respecting, on boards of enrollment 669, 670, 675, 676, 680

detail of, for examination of drafted men 673

garrison, to be considered as post surgeons 689

mentioned 381,398,399

Surgeons' mates {see Pay; Rations; Clothing; Forage; Land),

mav be appointed to regiment of invalids 390

additional, authorized 401, 406

to be attached to garrisons and posts 406

mentioned 689

Surgical instruments {see Trepanning instruments),

importation of, authorized 365

returns of, to be made 369

to be furnished every prescribing surgeon or physician 399

Surveyor of ordnance,

authorized; how appointed; duties of 558

additional pay to 562

Surveyor of roads {see Geographers).
Surveyors,

military, to share in small supply of shirts and linen 304

Surveys,

respecting, of Chesapeake Bay 500

for roads and canals 500

of the coast of the United States i 503, 518

preliminary 805, 517

for railroad to the Pacific Ocean 506

ship canal near Isthmus of Darien 506

of Mississippi River 513, 526

Western and Northwestern rivers 518, 528

rivers and harbors 519, 521, 522

for a national road to Mount Vernon, Va 523

ship canal to connect certain lakes 524

canal routes from Lake Erie to Ohio River 526

deep waterways from the Great Lakes to the ocean 526

mentioned '. 516

Sutherland, Charles,

mentioned .">62

Swaim, David G.,

mentioned 121

Swain, Francis,

appointed brigade major 58

mentioned 59

Swan, Caleb,

mentioned 443

Swartwout, Robert,

mentioned 140

Sweers, Cornelius,

commissioned assistant commissary of military stores at Philadelphia 550

mentioned 555

Sweiney, James,

commissioned second lieutenant of artillery artificers 549

Swift, Joseph G.,

mentioned 483

Swords,

Pennsylvania to cause search for, in Philadelphia 548

Symsbury mines,

respecting erection of the, into a State prison 649

System,

respecting, for rifles 603

of easy maneuvers and exercises s - 1

regulations for the infantry 93

INDEX. 791

T.
Tactics, Page.

system of, mentioned 93

Tailors,

employment of, authorized 250

Talcott, George,

mentioned 534

Ta llow,

to be rendered 249, 261

exportation of, forbidden 251

to whom delivered 261, 291

of cattle delivered on foot, how credited 307

Talmadge, Benjamin,

to act as brigade major 56

appointed brigade major 56

Tarling, Peter,

appointed brigade major 58

Taulman, Peter,

appointed captain lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners 493

Tax,

States requested to lay a, partially payable in provisions 312

Taylor, Andrew,

to do duty as brigade major 55

Taylor, John,

appointed judge-advocate 123

Taylor, Joseph P.,

mentioned 238

Teams (see Horse teams; Ox teams),

respecting reduction of the stationary 158

States requested to exempt drivers of, from militia duty 163

how obtained 260, 552

Telegraphic dispatches,

respecting private, on Government lines 617

Tklegraph lines,

respecting construction of 615, 616

Tennessee,

respecting recruiting agents in 677, 680

Texts,

allowance of, to inspectors 99

the troops 162, 163

respecting receipt and care of 142

to be provided 145, 154

respecting canvas for 146, 147, 148, 179, 181, 182, 253

to be furnished the Southern army 180

returns of, to be made 326

mentioned 155, 180, 186, 187

Tkknaxt, John,

attached on the march, to General de La Fayette's division (50, 90

appointed to act as subinspector 89

lieutenant-colonel and to perform the duties of inspector 92

inspector for the Southern army 103

mentioned 92, 179

Territories

cost of ordnance and stores issued to, how credited 602

only retired officers eligible to. civil officers in the 685

Testing machine,

respecting use of, for private citizens 600

Tatrs,

respecting, of heavy rihed ordnance 593, 600

for private citizens 600

to be made of resistance of best stone forts to heaviest guns 511

Ti:\ 18,

Safe, deep harbor on coast of, to be inspected 525

Thanks of Congress,

tendered to General Mifflin and Colonel Pickering 17

Thomas, Job*.

mentioned 53, 54

Thomas, Joseph.

pay and rations allowed to 245

792 INDEX.

Thomas, Lorenzo, Page,

mentioned 52

Thornburg, Joseph,

appointed wagon-master-general 152

to have the rank of lieutenant-colonel 152

TlCONDEROGA, X. Y.,

mentioned 147

Tilghman, Edward,

appointed assistant brigade major 55

Tilton, James,

elected hospital physician and surgeon 1 389

accepted commutation in lieu of half pay ^ 401

mentioned 362

Tin,

carti'idge canisters may be furnished in lieu of cartouch boxes 554

Tobacco,

issue of, to enlisted men 35

Tobacco warehouses,

floors of, to be worked for saltpeter 538

Topographical Bureau,

charged with making preliminary surveys 505

officer of the, charged with construction of custom-house at New Orleans,

entitled to extra compensation 505

boards of officers of the 505

duties of, relative to certain light-houses 505, 506

to construct certain range beacon lights 505

certain works to be executed under superintenence of the 504

Topographical Engineers,

authorized 499, 502

how selected 499

retained in service 500

detail of, to make explorations and surveys 506

to be promoted captains after fourteen years' service as subalterns 506

mentioned 543, 505, 506

Topographical engineer soldiers,

company of, authorized 509

Tools (see Intrenching tools),

estimate of carpenters' , required 145

Torpedoes,

respecting movable submarine 520, 599, 601

Totten, Joseph G.,

mentioned 483

Towers, Robert,

elected inspector of gunpowder 542

Townsexd, Edward D.,

mentioned 52

Townshend, Davis,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

Towson, Nathan,

mentioned 443

Trade,

interest in, forbidden to officers of the Quartermaster's Department 196, 198

Subsistence Department 334, 335, 338

Hospital or Medical Department. . 388

Traders,

respecting goods in, in York and Gloucester, Va 19

Transfers (see Details),

respecting, from the line to the staff 26, 72, 73, 109, 185, 201, 323, 494, 566, 650

of officers of engineers 498

artillery 584, 585

ordnance 581

men of the Signal Corps 622

drafted men to the naval service 671, 677

Transportation (see Mileage; Traveling expenses),

only actual cost of, allowed 43

to officers traveling without troops 43

(See Impressment.)

respecting, of public supplies 179, 182, 183, 321, 322, 387, 394, 552, 564

contracts for 209, 343, 344, 415, 416, 507, 508, 589, 590

index. 793

Tra nsportation Continued. Page.

of troops and stores under control of Secretary of War 210

to be furnished for having artificial limbs fitted 221

requests for, how obtained 44, 46, 47

to be furnished to drafted men 678

Traveling allowances (see Mileage),

to officers of the department of issues 248, 296

respecting, to engineer officers 490

Traveling expenses (see Mileage),

only actual, allowed 38, 46, 47

nspect ins;, of inspectors 98

certain California and Nevada volunteers 472

Traveling Forge,

allowed to conductors of military stores 559

di vision ambulance corps 422

Treat, Malachi,

elected physician-general of hospital in Northern Department 374

chief hospital physician 389

mentioned 361

Tkkasirv Department (see Board of Treasury),

all military supplies to be provided by the 328, 402

office of purveyor of public supplies created in the 329, 402

Trenches,

division inspectors to mount as majors of the 100

Trenton, N. J.,

removal of public stores to, ordered 376, 548

n tej meeting improvement of Delaware River from 528

mentioned 144, 541

Trepa nni ng instruments,

-i t b of, to be sent to Southern Department 365

Trial,

warrant officers on the civil staff liable to 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644

offices of departments of purchases and issues subject to 257

Hospital or Medical Department subject to 388

Transports,

resj>ecting food of troops on 689

Troop, Robert,

elected deputy adjutant-general in Northern Department 60

mentioned 60

Troops,

allowance of tents to the 162, 163

transportation of, under control of Secretary of War 210

Trumbull, John,

appointed brigade major. r 53

elected deputy adjutant-general 56

resignation accepted '. 57

Tbumbull, Jonathan,

mentioned 272, 543, 544, 549

TRUMBULL, Jonathan, Jr.,

elected paymaster for the forces in the New York Department 445

l>ay in crease d 447, 449

resigned 450

Trumbull, Jobbph,

elected commissary -general of purchases 262

asked leave to resign 285

appointed commissary -general of stores and provisions 239

empowered to import flour and other provisions 860

additional allowance to, for the benefit of his heirs 286

mentioned 3, 238, 242, 253, 264, 265

how obtained 426, 4:10

TUCKRB, Thomas TUDOB,

appointed physician ami surgeon in the hospital for Southern I >epartiueiit . 395

Tt dor, William.

elected judge-advocate of the Army 123

appointment of, announced to the Army 1-3

to have rank of lieutenant -colonel 123

mentioned 54, 121, 123, 124

794 INDEX.

Tunnel (see Washington Aqueduct Tunnel), Page.

under the Detroit River 524

Tupper, ,

appointed brigade inspector 89

TURNBULL, MARMIE & Co.,

mentioned 327

Turner, George,

discharged from office of commissary of prisoners 648

mentioned 649

Turner, Levi C,

mentioned .. 121

Turner, Philip,

elected surgeon-general of hospital in Eastern Department 374

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

mentioned 361

Tyson, J. W., '

mentioned 238

Uniform (see Badges),

of the several State lines 15, 18, 19, 21, 22

artillery and dragoons 16, 21, 22

general and staff officers 18, 19, 22

cavalry and infantry 21, 22

wearing red coats forbidden 19, 22

respecting, of retired officers 32, 39, 40

President to prescribe the 41, 225, 338

when may be worn by late officers 48, 682

watch coats to be provided for sentries 142

complete suits of, to be imported 251, 252

of State lines, by whom prescribed 295

respecting, of members of ambulance corps 422

"United Colonies,"

words, to be altered to ' ' United States "in all commissions 11

requested to procure suits of clothes for the troops 245

"United States,"

words ' ' United Colonies " to be altered to, in all commissions 11

all arms and accouterments to be marked 546

Utah,

respecting California and Nevada volunteers discharged in 472

Vacancies,

President authorized to fill certain 25

in position of chiefs of staff corps, how filled 47,

81, 82, 118, 136, 234, 358, 479, 606, 624, 627

respecting, in Adjutant-General's Department 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81

Inspector-General's Department 115, 117, 118

Judge- Advocate-General's Department 135, 136

Quartermaster's Department 218, 227, 230, 233, 234

Subsistence Department 346, 350, 353, 355, 357, 358

Hospital Department 395, 397

Medical Department 414, 419, 424, 427, 437, 439

Pay Department ". 478, 479

Corps of Engineers 527, 529

Topographical Engineers 502

Department of Military Stores '. 551

Ordnance Department 605, 606

Signal Corps 623,624,626,627

Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 662

Vaccination,

of the troops to be discontinued 393

Valises,

respecting, furnished to officers 160

Vallenais, ,

appointed aid-de-camp to Colonel de la Balme 87

Van Lear, William,

appointed brigade inspector 95

INDEX. 795

Van Rensselaer, James, Page.

appointment of, as deputy mustermaster-general of the forces in Canada

confirmed 631

Van Rensselaer, Philip,

appointment of, as storekeeper, confirmed 143

Varick, Richard,

appointed deputy rnustermaster-general to the Northern army 632

elected deputy mustermaster-general 634

Varnvm, James,

mentioned 390

Varncm, James M.,

mentioned ; 59, 60, 89

Vegetables,

respecting, for the army 250, 257, 265

garden near hospital for raising 368

regimental gardens for raising 326

one pound of, added to the ration 354

Venereal disea>i>.

amount to be paid by patients in hospital on account of 376

Vi>skls (see Ships),

respecting impressment of 142

bringing cargoes on government account 262

employment of merchant 290, 291

mentioned 213, 240, 278, 279, 289, 536, 537

VbSSKLS OF AVAR,

respecting prisoners taken by 646

enlistment of prisoners for service on 642

mentioned 240, 540

Veteran Reserve Corps,

officers of the, in Bureau of Refugees may be retained 657, 661

Veterinarians,

authorized; pay of 233

Vickers, Samuel,

appointed physician and surgeon in the hospital for Southern department. 395

VlNEGAR,

to be provided 254, 257, 265, 326

Virginia,

uniform of the, line 15

quota of, to be furnished in forage 166

how paid for 166

provisions 303, 313

how paid for 307, 313

when deliverable 315

requested to authorize seizure of provisions in hands of engrossers 289

not to grant exemptions from embargo 289

to furnish Indian corn 303

collect sulphur and brimstone 535

{mrchase copper, etc 544
end stands of arms 558

respecting military hospital in 375, 391

tobacco warehouses in 538

repair of arms in the magazines of 563

mentioned 123, 156, 160, 248, 251, 271 , 272, 279, 285, 286, 290,

297, 299, 365, 446, 447, 449, 540, 546, 560, 566, 571, 640, 643, 645, 649, 690

Voi.l NTKKR OFFICERS (*Ce UNIFORM),

respecting appointment of, in the staff corps 46

may be appointed on corps, division, and brigade staffs 45

bre vetted for services prior to appointment in Regular Army 36

names of all, on ambulance dutv to be reported 76

respecting, to be appointed in the Quartermaster's Department 231

Subsistence Department 348

in I .ureai i of Refugees and Free. I men may be retained 661

may l>e appointed in the Adjutant-General's Department v -

[nspector-General'a Department 118

Juage-Advoeate-CJeneral's Department 136

Quartermaster'fl Department 218,234

Subsistence Department "> :,( >. :;:,s

Medical Department 424. 138

Ray Department 478,479

796 INDEX.

Volunteers, Page.

respecting appointment of staff officers for 207, 342, 412, 467

quartermaster's supplies retained from 686

respecting hospital stewards of 438

Volunteer Signal Corps,

how constituted 625

officers of the, eligible to appointment in Signal Corps 626

Volunteer Staff,

retention of officers of the, in the Adjutant-General's Department 80

Inspector-General's Department 117

Judge- Advocate-General's Department. 135

Quartermaster's Department 232, 233, 234

Subsistence Department 356

Medical Department. 437

Pay Department 478

Volunteer surgeons,

appointment of, authorized- 419, 438

Vowles, Henry,

appointed brigade major 60

Wadsworth and Carter (Messrs.),

mentioned t 324

Wadsworth, Decius,

mentioned 534

Wadsworth, Finn,

appointed brigade major 56

Wadsworth, Jeremiah,

elected deputy commissary of purchases 262

commissary-general of purchases 283

given leave to resign January 1, 1780 303

desired by Congress to continue in office until his successor qualifies 303

resigned ." 283

resignation accepted _ 303

mentioned 55, 56, 238, 266, 282, 283

Wagoners,

how obtained 20

corps of, authorized 161, 162, 164

respecting pay of 161, 162

clothing for 164, 165, 182, 302

to receive a suit of clothes as bounty 162

authorized; to receive pay, etc., of corporals of cavalry 210

mentioned 451, 635

Wagon master general,

authorized 151

appointed 141, 152

duties of... 146,150

Wagon masters (see Pay; Rations; Baggage wagons; Bathorses),

authorized 141, 171, 182, 186, 197, 206

appointed 154, 179

duties of 171

deranged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 203

mentioned 145, 156, 201

deputy, authorized 171,186

appointed 182

duties of 171

assistant, authorized 171, 186

Wagons (see Baggage wagons; Ambulances),

respecting impressment of 142, 270

to be purchased 147, 180

returns of, to be made 326

for removal of sick and wounded, by whom supplied 372, 387

respecting, of Hospital Department 376

mentioned 145, 152, 155, 163, 179, 180, 182, 260, 421

Waiters (see Servants),

not to be taken from the line 26

staff officers entitled to one 27, 408

INDEX. 797

Waistcoats, Page,

to be purchased 142

Ward masters (see Pay; Rations),

authorized 385,407,409

duties of 385

mentioned 410

W \ i. bach, J. de B.,

mentioned 52, 86

Walker, Joseph,

appointed brigade major pro tern 60

continued in office 66

Wallace, Gustavus B.,

appointed brigade insi>ector 89

Walton, Georgej

directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the

army in the Northern Department 545

War,

in time of, retired officers may be employed 45

Signal Corps to be increased 625

officers who served in any, may wear badge adopted 43, 48

uniform of highest rank 48, 682

Ward, Joseph,

elected commissary-general of musters 634

prisoners 647

mentioned 629, 637

Ward, Samuel,

member of committee 537

Warehouses (see Tobacco warehouses).

Warner, Robert,

to do duty of inspector 100

Warrant officers,

on the civil staff liable to arrest and trial 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644

deranged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 28, 203

Warran, James,

elected paymaster-general 445

resignation accepted 446

mentioned 443, 446

Warren, John,

appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389

accepted appointment 390

W sshincton, George (see Commander in Chief),

member of committee 535

authorized to displace all officers under rank of brigadier-general 12

power, within 70 miles from headquarters, to continue until March 1, 1778. 12

asked to transmit a list of his appointments 12

powers of, as commander in chief never intended to be superseded or cir-
cumscribed by Congress 12

committee toconferwith, on perfecting arrangement of staff departments. 17

authorized to appoint three brigade majors 53

relative to appointment by, of an adjutant-general 57

plan of, for a well-regulated inspectorship approved 89

authorized to appoint inspectors and brigade inspectors 90

appointment of a quartermaster-general left to 141

to fix on locations for magazines of provisions 157

appoint a deputy commissary of stores for the army near New York 248

commissary of clothing for his army 248

clothier-general and fix his pay 251

authorized to increase the ration of soap 265

to regulate special issue of rum for gallantry of the troops in battle of

Brandywine 268

authorized to hike provisions, etc., for the subsistence of his army 268

to establish magazines for storage of flour 288

appointment oi a commissary of artillery left to * 536

mentioned 3, 4, 17, 53, 54, 85, 89, 90, 146, 147,

155, 160, 242, 251 , 252, 2o8, 271 , 2S5, 449, 452, 4r>:{, is:., isti, |s7,
488, 489, 491, 535, 536, 537, 540, 543, 544, 545, 548, 550, 553, 562

" Washington" (ship),

mentioned 495

798 INDEX.

Washington, D. C, p age.

respecting payment of cost of improving certain streets in 510

examination of harbors and landings along water front of 511

improvement of public property in 511

memorial bridge from, to Arlington 526

park improvements in 528

respecting tapping of water mains in 516

mentioned 585

Washington Aqueduct,

mentioned 507, 511, 515, 516, 523

Washington Monument,

mentioned 513

Washington Public Library,

building for the, to be erected upon Mount Vernon square in Washington
City 528

Water department,

operations of the, in District of Columbia to be under engineer commis-
sioner 519

Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y.,

mentioned 585, 602

Waterworks (see Potomac Waterworks).

W atkins, Joseph,

commissioned major, commissary of ordnance stores 549

mentioned 534

Waugoshance, Mich.,

works near, mentioned 504

Wayne, Anthony,

mentioned 58, 59, 62, 94

Weather Bureau,

certain duties of the Signal Corps devolved on the 622

mentioned \ 624, 625

Western Department, mentioned 273, 291, 453

Weedon, George,

to discharge duties of adjutant-general temporarily 56

mentioned 51, 56, 58, 59, 89

Weeks, George H.,

mentioned 140

Weibert, Antoine Felix,

appointed assistant engineer 486

mentioned 486

Welsh, John,

to be commissioned lieutenant of sappers and miners 491

appointed quartermaster to the same 492

Wentworth, John, .

member of committee 14, 286

mentioned 157

West Indies,

respecting importation of salt from the 261

dried hides from the 263, 547

exportation of produce to the 537

mentioned 540, 541

Weston, John F.,

mentioned 238

West Point, N. Y.,

Military Academy and Corps of Engineers established at 497

mentioned 324, 567, 570, 571

Whales Back, N. H.,

works at, mentioned 504

Wharton, Carpenter,

appointed commissary to the militia about to march to New Jersey 245

mentioned 87, 253

Wharton, Thomas,

mentioned 279

Wheat,

bad, to be delivered to commissary of forage 158

not to be purchased for forage 158, 159, 290

mentioned 288, 303

Wheaton, Henry,

mentioned 121

INDEX. 79 ( J

Whkkler, , Page,

contractor for cannon 546

mentioned 546

Whippixi.;.

Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen to prohibit 659

Whipple, William.

member of committee 291

mentioned 159, 164, 299

Whisky,

malt liquor or low wines may be substituted for 333

sugar and coffee to be issued in lieu of 341

Whitcomb, Asa,

mentioned 142

White, Hasfield,

appointed deputy wagon master 182

White, Moses,

to do duty as brigade inspector , 95

White, Robert,

elected deputy commissary -general of issues 266

resigned 268

Wickoff, Peter,

elected clothier-general 297

mentioned 238

Widows,

respecting extension of half pay to, of officers 24, 25, 26

mentioned 457

Wiley, Robert,

mentioned 563

Wii.kixs, Jr., John,

mentioned 140

Wilkinson, James,

grant of bre\'et of brigadier-general to, announced 59

elected clothier-general 298

resigned 318

mentioned 52, 86, 238

Williams, ,

appointed to act as adjutant-general pro tern 62

mentioned 62

Williams, ,

to superintend the hospital in Albany 381

mentioned 382

Williams, Abraham,

continued in the office of brigade-major 66

Williams, Jonathan, .

mentioned 483

Williams, Otho H.,

appointed subinspector 94

Williams, Robert,

mentioned 52

Williams, William S.,

i ik 'in her of committee 247

Williams and Elliot ( Messrs.),

mentioned 328

WlLLIAMSUIKO, Va.,

mentioned 395

Wili.ino, Thomas,

mentioned 142, 240, ">":

Willson, Jambs,

member of committee 87, 488, 539

Wilson, GooDwrjr,

promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395

Wiix.n, John ML,

mentioned 483

Wl- DLL, I'KSKT & Co.,

men tinned 555

Winder, Rider H.,

mentioned 121

Warms, William EL,

mentioned 52, 88

800 INDEX.

Wines, Page.

low, may be substituted for whisky 333

Winyabd Bay, S. C,

respecting improvement of 522

Wisneb, Heney,

member of committee 538

Withebspoon, John,

member of committee 247, 249

mentioned , 145, 146, 160, 250, 392

Witnesses,

respecting, before courts-martial 125, 130, 132

Wood,

respecting, for use of hospitals 190

mentioned 183

WOODBEIDGE, THEODOEE,

mentioned 63, 99

Woodfoed, William,

mentioned 57, 60, 61, 89, 94

Woodruff, Lewis,

appointed deputy muster-master 634

Wool, John E.,

mentioned 86

Woolen goods,*

to be purchased for sale to soldiers 240

Workmen,

authorized in the Ordnance Department 572, 577, 579

in armories exempted from jury duty 576

master, authorized in the Corps of Engineers 503

to be designated as sergeants 590

mentioned 575, 576

WORTHINGTON, AsA,

inspector of cattle, granted increased pay 306

Wounded,

respecting removal of the 179

blankets, etc. , for the, in hospitals 273

relief of the, before removal to hospital 380

ambulances for the removal of the 421

mentioned 368, 422

Wright, Horatio G.,

mentioned 483

Writs,

respecting, to compel attendance of witnesses 125, 130, 132

Wrixon, ,

declined commission of chief engineer 486

Wykoff, Henry,

appointed to inspect the cattle for the army 326

Wylie, Thomas,

commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers 549

promoted to rank of captain 553

Wyllys, John Palgeave,

appointed brigade major 55

Wynkoop, Henry,

member of committee 164, 300

Wythe, Geoege,

member of committee 246, 247

Yaquina Bay, Oreg.

bar of, to be examined 526

respecting improvement of 528

Yakd {see Artillery yard; Horse yabd).
Yellowstone National Park,

respecting road extensions and improvements in the 528

Young, Joseph,

promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395

Yule, James,

appointed wagon master 154

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