U /I d^ , / h /) ^io fy % XiUBIEb-A^" 2 " PRESENTED BY &*> '& Jt&r&rtM LEGISLATIVE HISTORY GENERAL STAFF ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES (ITS ORGANIZATION, DUTIES, PAY, AND ALLOWANCES), FROM 1775 to 1901. COMPILED AND ANNOTATED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Major-General HENEY 0. OOEBIN, ADJUTANT-GENERAL. OF THE ARMY, EAPE^AEL P. THIAN, CHIEF CLERK'ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1901. 7C "-A. good. StafF haw the mei-it of "being more durable than the KCtraiu.a of any one man." Jomini. PREFACE. Traces of a general staff are found first in the Brandenburg (after- wards the Prussian) army in 1655, under the Great Elector, but its functions are supposed to have first been employed in Swedish organ- izations. The Russian general staff dates from the time of Peter the Great. The operations of the general staff of the German army are entirely independent of the minister of war, being directed by the chief, who is responsible only to the Commander in Chief the Emperor. This status has existed for over seventy years. In Russia there is no separate direction of the general staff, the chief reporting directly to the war minister. In Italy the officers of the great general staff are entirely under the chief of the general staff, who reports directly to the war minister. The chief of the general staff in France is directly under and entirely subordinate to the secretary of war. In Austria the chief of the general staff is considered as the assistant of the imperial war minister. In England the adjutant-general's office is once removed from the secretary of state for war through the commander in chief of the army. The Continental Congress, June 15, 1775, unanimously elected George Washington, esq., "to command all the continental forces, raised or to be raised, for the defense of American liberty," and resolved, July 21, "that such a body of troops be kept up in the Massachusetts Bay as General Washington shall think necessary, pro- vided they do not exceed 22,000 men." On assuming this command General Washington found an hetero- genous and undisciplined force which, on the call of the Massachusetts committee of safety on the morning after the affair at Lexington and Concord, had assembled at Cambridge in a motley host of full 20,000 men, and immediately took measures to bring order out of confusion. Joseph Reed, of Philadelphia, was chosen by him for the important post of Secretary to the Commander in Chief. Horatio Gates was appointed Adjutant-General, Thomas Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, and Joseph Trumbull, Commissary-General. Owing to the multi- Elicity of affairs pressing on the attention of Congress, that body, >ecember 27, 1776, vested General Washington with full and com- Elete power to displace and appoint all officers under the rank of rigadier-general and to till up vacancies in every department in the American Army. 3 4 PREFACE. In a letter dated June 13, 1776, addressed to the President of Congress, General Washington wrote: I once mentioned to Congress that I thought a war office extremely necessary, and they seemed inclined to institute one for our Army; but the affair seems to have been since dropped. Give me leave again to insist on the utility and importance of such an establishment. The more I reflect upon the subject, the more am I convinced of its necessity and that affairs can never be properly conducted without it. Congress having, June 13, 1776, created a Board of War, General Washington, seven days later, wrote to the President of Congress as follows: The instituting a War Office is certainly an event of great importance, and, in all probability, will be recorded as such in the historic page. The benefits derived from it, I flatter myself, will be considerable, though the plan upon which it is first formed may not be entirely perfect. This, like other great works, in its first edition may not be free from error; time will discover its defects, and experience suggest the remedy and such further improvements as may be necessary; but it was right to give it a beginning, in my opinion. The Board of War, thus created, was the germ of the War Depart- ment of our Government. The evolution of the general staff of the American Army covers a period of many years, during which tenta- tive measures were adopted, from time to time, to meet emergencies. On the eve of his recall to the supreme command of the Army, Gen- eral AVashington forcibly presented his views on the subject of a gen- eral staff in two letters addressed by him to Hon. James McHenry, the then Secretary of War. July 4, 1798, he wrote: In forming an army, if a judicious choice is not made of the principal officers and, above all, of the general staff, it never can be rectified thereafter. The character then of the Army would be lost in the superstructure. The reputation of the com- mander in chief would sink with it and the country be involved in inextricable expense. To remark to a military man how important the general staff of an army is to its well being seems to be unnecessary. And again, on the following day: "The appointment of general officers is important, but of those of the general staff all important. The Inspector-General, Quartermaster-General, Adjutant-General, and officer com- manding the corps of artillerists and engineers, ought to be men of the most respect- able character and of first rate abilities, because from the nature of their respective offices and from their being always about the Commander in Chief, who is obliged to intrust many things to them confidentially, scarcely any movement can take place without their knowledge. It follows, then, that besides possessing the qualifications just mentioned they ought to have those of integrity and prudence in an eminent degree that entire confidence might be reposed in them. Without these, and their being on good terms with the commanding general, his measures, if not designedly thwarted, may be so embarrassed as to make them move heavily on. If the Inspector-General is not an officer of great respectability of character, firm ami strict in discharging the duties of the trust reposed in him, or if he is too pliant in his disposition, he will most assuredly be imposed upon, and the efficient strength and condition of the Army will not be known to the Commander in Chief. Of course he may form his plans upon erroneous calculations and commit fatal mistakes. If the Quartermaster-General is not a man of great resource and activity, and worthy of the highest confidence, he would be unfit for the military station he is to occupy; for, as it is not possible at all times to mask real designs and movements under false appearances, the better and safer way is to place full confidence in him under the seal of responsibility. Then, knowing the plan, he participates in the con- cealment, on which, and the celerity of a movement, success oftentimes entirely depends. In addition to these requisites in a Quartermaster-General, economy in providing for the wants of an army, proper arrangements in the distribution of the supplies, and a careful eye to the use of them is of great importance and call for a circumspect choice. The Adjutant-General ought also to be a man of established character, of great activity and experience in the details of an army, and of proved integrity, or no alertness can be expected in the execution of the several duties consigned to him on PREFACE. 5 the one hand, and everything to be feared from treachery or neglect in his office on the other, by which the enemy might be as well informed of our strength as of their own. It was not, however, until 1812-1821 that the general staff was organ- ized on correct lines and its several departments created, substantially, as they have remained since. Air. Secretary William H. Crawford, in a report dated December 27, 1815, expressed himself as follows: A complete organization of the staff will contribute as much to the economy of the establishment as to its efficiency. The stationery staff of a military establish- ment should be substantially the same in peace as iii war, without reference to the number or distribution of the troops of which it is composed. Hon. John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, replying, December 11, 1818, to a resolution of Congress asking what reduction, if any, might be made in the military establishment, wrote: The staff, as organized by the act of last session, combines simplicity with effi- ciency. * * * Were our military establishment reduced one-half, it is obvious that, if the same posts continued to be occupied which now are, the same number of officers in the Quartermaster's, Paymaster's, Medical, and Adjutant and Inspector General's Departments would be required. To compare, then, as is sometimes done, our staff with those of European armies assembled in large bodies is manifestly unfair. The act of last session, it is believed, has made all the reduction which ought to be attempted. It has rendered the staff efficient without making it expensive. Such a staff is not only indispensable to the efficiency of the Army, but it is also necessary to a proper economy in its disburse- ments; and should an attempt be made at retrenchment by reducing the present number, it would, in its consequences, probably prove wasteful and extravagant. In fact, no part of our military organization requires more attention in peace than the general staff . It is in every service invariably the last in attaining perfection; and if neglected in peace, when there is leisure, it will be impossible, in the midst of the hurry and bustle of war, to bring it to perfection. It is in peace that it should receive a perfect organization, and that the officers should be trained to method and punctuality, so that at the commencement of a war, instead of creating anew, nothing more should be necessary than to give it the necessary enlargement. With a defective staff we must carry on our military operations under great dis- advantages, and be exposed, particularly at the commencement of a war, to great losses, embarrassments, and disasters. The history of the general staff is marked by good judgment, great executive ability, and readiness of execution in emergencies. The value of the staff has been fully demonstrated by the administration of its affairs in the wars of the past, but in none more so than during the late civil war, when the system was submitted to most severe tests, from which it emerged triumphantly. The crowning evidence of its thorough effectiveness was the preparation of the plan by the Adjutant- General's Department for the muster out and disbandment at the close of that war of the volunteer armies, numbering over 1,500,000 officers and men, distributed to 1,274 regiments, 316 independent companies, and 192 batteries. The plan was submitted to the Secretary of War and the General of the Army and was adopted within one hour of its presentation. The movement homeward commenced May 29, 1865, and, had it been prac- ticable to spare all the forces, the entire number could easily have been mustered out and returned to their homes within three months. Six hundred and forty one thousand were mustered out within about two months, 741,000 within two and a half months, and 800,963 were dis- charged by November 15, 1865. In his annual report for that j^ear General Grant states that These musters out were admirably conducted; 800,000 men (subsequently increased to 1,034,064) were passing from the Army to civil life so quickly that it was scarcely known, save by the welcomes to their homes. PPT CONTENTS Page. I. General provisions affecting the several corps and departments of the general staff 9 II. The Adjutant-General's Department 49 III. The Inspector-General's Department 83 IV. The Judge- Advocate-General's Department 119 V. The Quartermaster's Department 137 VI. The Subsistence Department 235 VII. The Medical Department 359 VIII. ThePay Department 441 IX. The Corps of Engineers 481 X. The Ordnance Department 531 XL The Signal Corps 609 MINOR BUREAUS. The Commissary -General of Musters 629 The Commissary -General of Prisoners 637 Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 653 The Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 665 ADDENDA. General provisions 681 The Quartermaster's Department 686 The Subsistence Department 687 The Medical Department 689 The Ordnance Department 690 The Signal Corps 690 7 I.-GENERAL PROVISIONS. PROVISIONS AFFECTING THE SEVERAL CORPS AND DEPARTMENTS OF THE GENERAL STAFF. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. September 21, 1775. "Whereas frequent applications are making to the General, Commander in Chief, by officers of all ranks and denominations for an allowance of rations of provisions, which are not only absolutely necessary, but usual and cus- tomarily allowed to them, the General has thought proper to order and direct that from the first day of July last there be issued by the Commissary-General the fol- lowing proportion of rations, viz: To each major-general, 15 rations; to each briga- dier-general, 12 rations; to each colonel, 6 rations; to each lieutenant-colonel, 5 rations; to each major, 4 rations; to each captain, 3 rations; to each subaltern, 2 rations, and to each staff officer, 2 rations. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) March 15, 1776. Expenses of the horses of general officers, when traveling on official business, were to be defrayed by the Continent. May 10, 1776. Resolved, That this Congress has hitherto exercised, and ought to retain, the power of promoting the officers in the Continental service according to their merit; and that no promotion or succession shall take place upon any vacancy without the authority of a Continental commission. September 9, 1776. In all commissions the words "United Colonies" to be altered to "United States." September 16, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Congress make provision for granting lands in the following proportion: To the officers . . . who shall so engage in the service and continue therein to the close of the war, or until discharged by Congress, and to the representatives of such officers and soldiers as shall be slain by the enemy. Such lands to be provided by the United States, and whatever expense shall be necessary to procure such land the said expense shall be paid and borne by the States in the same proportion as the other expenses of the war, viz: To a colonel, 500 acres; to a lieutenant-colonel, 450; to a major, 400; to a captain, 300; to a lieutenant, 200; to an ensign, 150; each non- commissioned officer and soldier,' 100. September 18, 1776. Resolved, That if rations be received by the officers ... in the Continental Army, in money, they be paid at the rate of & of a dollar. September 20, 1776. In order to prevent the officers and soldiers who shall be entitled to the lands hereafter to be granted bj r the resolution of Congress of the 16th from disposing of the same during the war, Resolved, That Congress will not grant lands to any person or persons claiming under the assignment of an officer or soldier. n 12 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. December 27, 1776. The Congress having maturely considered the present crisis . . . do hereby Resolve, That General Washington be, and he is hereby, vested with full and complete power ... to displace and appoint all officers under the rank of brigadier-general, and to fill up all vacancies in every . . . department in the American Army. * * * * * * - * That the foregoing power be vested in General Washington for and during the term of six months from the date hereof, unless sooner determined by Congress. April 10, 1777. General Washington was asked to transmit to the board of war a list of his appointments made under powers vested in him. August 14, 1777. Congress authorized the commanding officer in the Northern Department, for four months from date of resolution, to suspend any officer under his command, for mal-conduct, and to appoint others in their room till such time as the pleasure of Congress can be known concerning the person or persons so suspended; and that he report the names of such as he may suspend, with the cause of their suspension. August 23, 1777. General Washington to be informed that Congress never intended by any commission hitherto granted by them, or by the establishment of any depart- ment whatever, to supersede or circumscribe his powers as the Commander in Chief of all the Continental forces within the United States. September 17, 1777. General Washington was authorized to suspend all officers misbehaving and to fill up all vacancies under the rank of brigadier-general until the pleasure of Congress can be communicated; powers to continue for 60 days and within a radius of 70 miles of headquarters. November 14, 1777, this power was con- tinued to March 1, 1778, unless sooner revoked. January 6, 1778. Every officer and man entering an hospital for treatment of secret disease to pay, respectively, $10 and $4; such moneys to be paid to the director- general or his order, to be appropriated to the purchase of blankets and shirts for the use of the sick soldiers in the hospital. February 3, 1778. Resolved, That every officer who holds or shall hereafter hold a commission or office from Congress shall take and subscribe the fol- lowing oath or affirmation: ' k I, : , do acknowledge the United States of America to be free, independent, and sovereign States, and declare that the peo- ple thereof owe no allegiance or obedience to George the Third, King of Great Britain; and I renounce, refuse, and abjure any allegiance or obedience to him; and I do swear (or affirm) that I will, to the utmost of my power, support, maintain, and defend the said United States against the said King George the Third and his heirs and successors, and his and their abettors, assistants, and adherents, and will serve the said United States in the office of , which I now hold, with fidelitv, according to the best of my skill and understanding. So help me God." * * * Resolved, That all officers in the Army shall take and subscribe the foregoing oath or affirmation before the Commancl ?r in Chief, or any major-general or brigadier-general. * * * That every officer, having the disposal of public money, or who is or shall be intrusted with the charge or distribution of public stores, GENERAL PROVISIONS. 13 shall, at the time of taking and subscribing the foregoing oath or affir- mation, also take an oath or affirmation of office, in the following words, viz: "I, , do swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully, truly, and impartially execute the office of , to which I am appointed, and render a true account, when thereunto required, of all public monies by me received or expended, and of all stores or other effects to me entrusted, which belong to the United States; and will, in all respects, discharge the trust reposed in me with justice and integrity, to the best of my skill and understanding." That every officer taking the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or either of them, shall obtain from the person administering the same duplicate certificates specifying the time of his taking it, or them, and also his name and rank, or employment. That every military officer shall deliver or transmit one of the cer- tificates so obtained to the commander in chief, or the commander of a department, or to such person as by general orders shall be appointed to receive the same; and the said commanding officers shall cause the certificates so received to be sent to the secretary of Congress, and shall keep an exact list of the names of all officers whose certificates shall be received and forwarded, together with their several ranks and the times of their being qualified. * ****** That each deponent or affirmant shall retain and keep the other cer- tificate by him obtained as a voucher of his having complied with what is hereb3 r enjoined him: Revolved, That every officer, civil or military, now in office, shall take and subscribe the qualification above directed, within twenty days after notice hereof; and every person hereafter appointed to any office by or under the authority of the Congress of the United States of America shall take and subscribe the same previous to his acting in such office; and every officer who shall continue or presume to exer- cise any commission, civil or military, under the authority of the Congress of the United States of America, without taking the qualifi- cation in time and manner above directed shall be cashiered, and forfeit two months' pay to the use of the United States of America, and be rendered incapable of serving in the Army of the said States, and of executing thereafter any office under Congress. February 9, 1778. Governors of States authorized to suspend, for cause, any officer of the staff not immediately appointed by Congress, and to make temporary appoint- ments in the place of the officers suspended, reporting their action to Congress. May 15, 1778. Resolved, Unanimously, that all military officers commissioned by Congress who now are, or hereafter may be, in the service of the United States, and shall continue therein during the war, and not hold any office of profit under these States, or any of them, shall, after the con- clusion of the war, be entitled to receive annually, for the term of seven years, if they live so long, one-half of the present pa}^ of such officers: . . . And provided, That this resolution shall not extend to any officer in the service of the United States, unless he shall have taken an oath of allegiance to, and shall actually reside within some one of the United States. 14 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 27, 1778. Resolved, That when any of the staff officers appointed from the line are promoted above the ranks in the line out of which they are respectively appointable their staff appointments shall thereupon be vacated. May 29, 1778. Resolved, That no persons hereafter appointed upon the civil staff of the Army shall hold or be entitled to any rank in the Army by virtue of such staff appointment. June 2, 1778. Resolved, That subsistence money be allowed to officers and others on the staff in lieu of extra rations, and that henceforward none of them be allowed to draw more than one ration a day. June 4, 1778. Congress appointed Messrs. Carroll, Matthews and Wentworth a committee to extract from the journals, for publication, all the resolutions relative to the government of the Army. June 9, 1778. Resolved, That the value of the rations due since the 1st of January last till the 1st inst. be estimated at one-third of a dollar . . . June 23, 1778. Congress authorized General Gates to dismiss all the supernumer- ary staff officers in the district under his command. August 12, 1778. Congress allowed $500 to every officer whose duty required him to be mounted and whose horse was killed in battle. November 2J+, 1778. Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra ration heretofore allowed them. December 19, 1778. Messrs. Duane, Laurens, Ellsworth, Gerry and M. Smith, con- stituted a committee to confer with the Commander in Chief and the principal offi- cers of the staff on ways and means of retrenching the expenses of the Army. April 14, 1779. The subsistence money allowed having become insufficient by reason of the rapid increase of the necessaries of life, Congress recommended that the several legislatures supply the officers of their respective States, at the expense of the United States, with West India rum at $ of a dollar a gallon, muscovado sugar at a dollar per pound, coffee at \ a dollar a pound, tea at 1| dollars per pound, and chocolate at \ a dollar per pound. May 11, 1779. Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who serve with the Aiinv shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line, provided they engage for a year or longer. June 12, 1779. The Board of War having reported a form of a commission for offi- cers of the staff, the same was read and agreed to, as follows: "The United States of America in Congress assembled, to , greeting: " We, reposing especial trust and confidence in your patriotism, prudence, and fidelity, do by these presents constitute and appoint you GENERAL PROVISIONS. 15 to be . You are therefore faithfully and diligentty to discharge the duty of by doing and performing all manner of things thereunto belonging. And you are to observe and follow such orders and directions, from time to time, as you shall receive from this or a future Congress of the United States, or committee of Congress for that purpose appointed, a committee of the States, or Commander in Chief for the time being of the Army of the United States, or any other your superior officer, according to the rules and discipline of war, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you. This commission to continue in force until revoked by this or a future Congress, the com- mittee of Congress before mentioned, or a committee of the States. "Witness , President of the Congress of the United States of America, at , the day of , and in the year of our independence. "Entered in the War Office, and examined by the Board. "Secretary of the Board of War." August 11, 1779. Resolved, That the half pay provided by the resolution of the 15th of May, 1778, be extended to continue for life; and that the holding of a civil office under the United States, or any of them, shall be no bar to prevent any officer from receiving the same. August 18, 1779. Resolved?, That, until the further order of Congress, the said officers of the Army be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel . . . 500 dollars; lieutenant-colonel 400 dollars; every major . . . 300 dollars; every captain 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign . . . 100 dollars. Resolved, That, until the further order of Congress, the sum of 10 dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence, in lieu of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished. August 18, 1779. The Journals state that Congress proceeded to the consideration of a report for a further allowance to the officers of the Army (committee consisted of Messrs. Duane, Smith, Morris, Laurens and Drayton), and " Resolred, That until the further order of Congress the said officers be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel and brigade chaplain, 500 dollars; every lieutenant-colonel, 400 dollars; every major and regimental surgeon, 300 dollars; every captain, 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign, and surgeon's mate, 100 dollars. " Renolved, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence in lieu of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished." October 2, 1779. "The following are the uniforms that have been determined for the troops of these States, respectively, as soon as the state of the public supplies will permit"their being furnished accordingly, and in the meantime it is recommended to the officers to endeavor to accommodate their uniforms to this standard; that when the men come to be supplied there may l)e a proper uniformity: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut: Blue, faced with white; buttons and lining, white. New York, New Jersey: Blue, faced with buff; white lining and buttons. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia: Blue, faced with red; buttons and lining, white. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia: Blue, hoed with blue; buttonholes, edged with narrow white lace or tape; buttons and lining, white. 16 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Artillery and artillery artificers: Blue, faced with scarlet; scarlet lining; yellow buttons; yellow-bound hats; coats edged with narrow lace or tape, and buttonholes bound with the same. Light dragoons: The whole, blue faced with white; white buttons and linings. (Orders, General Headquarters, Moure's House.) November 25, 1779. Resolved, That the following articles be delivered as a suit of clothes for the current and every succeeding year of their service to the officers of the . . . staff entitled by any resolution of Congress to receive the same, viz: One hat, one watch coat, one body coat, four vests (one for winter and three for summer), four pair of breeches (two for winter and two for summer), four shirts, four stocks, six pairs of stockings (three pairs thereof worsted and three of thread), four pairs of shoes. For which articles of clothing the officers shall pay, on receipt thereof, one-half more than the prices at which the same were cur- rently sold before the commencement of hostilities, in April, 1775 . . . ******* That all clothing issued to noncommissioned officers and soldiers, enlisted artificers . . . beyond that allowed to them as a bounty, shall also be valued and paid for at the rate before mentioned; but no noncommissioned officer, soldier, . . . artificer shall be entitled to purchase in any one year, out of the public store, any other addi- tional articles than those of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not more of these than are absolutely necessary, and not exceeding the number of the like articles allowed as their bounty clothing. That ... all clothing to staff officers [shall be issued] on the certificate of their principal with the Army or in the district within which the}' shall serve . . . That no staff officer, artificer, or wagoner, not being engaged for at least one year, shall receive clothing; and if any such officer, artificer, or wagoner, being engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such clothing, shall quit the service before the expiration of the term for which he or they are or shall be engaged, he or they shall forfeit and pay the full value of such clothing, and be subject to all other penal- ties and inconveniences attending his or their breach of contract or desertion. January 8, 1780. Resolved, That every officer of the Army of the United States whose duty requires his being on horseback in time of action be allowed a sum not exceeding the average price given at the time, in the department or place where the accident shall happen, for horses purchased for private dragoons, as a compensation for any horse he shall have killed in battle; this resolution to have retrospect as far as the 1st of January, 1779; and the Quartermaster-General, or his dep- uty, is hereby authorized to pay the value of such horses, not exceeding the said price, to the respective sufferers, on the facts being properly authenticated. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 17 January 90, 17S0. A board of commissioners (one of whom to be a member of Con- gress) was appointed to inquire into the expenses of the staff departments, to dis- charge supernumerary and delinquent officers and men, to stop all issues of rations and other supplies not indispensably necessary for the service; any two of them, in conjunction with General Washington, to adopt any proper measures for promoting economy in those departments. January 21 Congress elected Mr. Schuyler and Colonel Pickering, and January 22 General Thomas Mifflin. March 11, 1780. Resolved, . . . That every officer who by such regulation [of the Commander in Chief] shall be entitled to a servant, and who shall enlist, to serve during the war, a youth not under fifteen nor exceed- ing eighteen }^ears of age, and who from appearances is likely to prove an able-bodied soldier, such officer shall retain the youth so enlisted as his servant, until, in the opinion of the Inspector-General, or one of the subinspectors, he shall be fit to bear arms, and the youth shall receive the bounty monejr, clothing, pay, and rations of a soldier; and the officer to whom such servant shall be attached is not to be allowed a man out of the ranks, on any pretense whatsoever, while such serv- ant remains with him . . . The like allowance of clothing, pay, and rations shall be given to any officer entitled as aforesaid to a serv- ant who shall bring into the field with him a servant of his own . . . April 10, 1780. Resolved, That when Congress shall be furnished with proper docu- ments to liquidate the depreciation of the continental bills of credit, they will, as soon thereafter as the state of the public finances will admit, make good to the lines of the Army, and the independent corps thereof, the deficiency of their original pay, occasioned by such depre- ciation; and that the money and articles heretofore paid or furnished, or hereafter to be paid or furnished by Congress or the States, or any of them, as for pay, subsistence, or to compensate for deficient^, shall be deemed as advanced on account, until such liquidation as aforesaid shall be adjusted, it being the determination of Congress that all the troops serving in the Continental Army shall be placed on an equal footing: Provided, That no person shall have any benefit of this reso- lution except such as were engaged during the war, or for three years, and are now in service, or shall hereafter engage during the war for three years and are now in service, or shall hereafter engage during the war. April 13, 1780. Messrs. Schuyler, Matthews and Peabody constituted a committee to confer with General Washington and the chiefs of departments, with a view to remedying defects and perfecting the arrangement of the several staff departments. Af/ril 14, 1780. Congress tendered their thanks to General Mifflin and Colonel Pickering for their attention to the business committed to them, manifested in their plan for the arrangements of the staff departments, which has been referred to a committee (Messrs. Schuyler, Matthews and Peabody), who are to consult the Com- mander in Chief and the heads of the staff departments. June 14, 1780. General Gates was authorized to appoint all staff officers necessary for the organization of the Southern Army. S. Doc. 229 2 18 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. June 18, 1780. "As it is at all times of great importance, both for the sake of appearance and for the regularity of service, that the different military ranks should be distinguished from each other and more especially at present, the Commander in Chief has thought proper to establish the following distinctions and strongly recommends it to all the officers to endeavor to conform to them as speedily as possible: The major-generals to wear a blue coat with buff facings and linings, yellow buttons, white or buff under cloth, two epaulettes, with two stars upon each, and a black and white feather in the hat. The brigadier-generals, the same uniform as the major-generals with the difference of one star instead of two and a white feather. The colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and majors, the uniforms of their regi- ments and two epaulettes. The captains, the uniforms of their regiments and an epaulette on the right shoulder. The subalterns, the uniform of their regiment and an epaulette on the left shoulder. The aides-de-camp, the uniforms of their ranks and corps, or if they belong to no corps, of their general officers. Those of the major- generals and brigadier-generals to have a green feather in the hat; those of the Commander in Chief, a white and green. The inspectors as well sub as brigade the uniforms of their ranks and corps with a blue feather in the hat. The Corps of Engineers and that of sappers and miners, a blue coat with buff facings, red lining, buff under cloth, and the epaulettes of their respective ranks. Such of the staff as have military rank to wear the uniforms of their ranks and of the corps to which they belong in the line; such as have no military rank to wear plain coats with cockade and sword. All officers, as well warrant as commissioned, to wear a cockade and side arms, either a sword or genteel bayonet. The general recommends it to the officers as far as practicable to provide themselves with the uniforms prescribed for their respective corps by the regulations of , published in general orders, the 2d of October last." (Orders, General Headquarters, Short Hills.) July 14, 1780. "It was omitted in the general order of the 18th of June last to mention that the Adjutant-General and his assistants are to wear a red and green feather in their hats and the uniforms of their corps. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness. ) July 15, 1780. Resolved, . . . That any of the said officers entitled to forage, who shall keep their horses at their own expense, when in camp, or when absent from the Army on public service, shall be allowed as much daily for the forage so found as shall be certified by the deputy quartermaster of the State in which the Arm} 7 may be, to be the net current cost of a ration of forage, every officer claiming such payment producing a certificate from the forage master, from whom he usually draws* that he had not drawn forage from him during the time charged for, and certifying upon honor that he hath drawn no public forage whatever during the said time, on which a certificate shall pass from the commissary of forage, or deputy, to the Quartermaster-General's auditor, for settlement of the same, not exceeding the current net cost of the ration as settled by the quartermaster of the State: Provided, That no officer on furlough shall be entitled to draw forage or paj^ for the same for any time he is absent beyond the time allowed him by his furlough. July 19, 1780. "The feathers directed to be worn by major-generals are to have the white below, the black above. It will be best to have one feather, the upper part black. It is recommended to the officers to have black and white cockades a black ground with a white relief emblematic of the expected union of the two armies." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.) August 12, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the officers (of the Army) shall hereafter be allowed five dollars per month in the said new bills [emission of March 18, 1780] for each retained ration. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 19 Thrt the provisions for granting lands by the resolution of Septem- ber 16, 1770. be, and is hereby, extended to the general officers, in the following proportion: To a major-general, 1,100 acres; a brigadier- general. 850 acres. August H, 1780. Resolved, . . . That if it shall appear that the subsistence money allowed to officers in lieu of the rations withheld is not equal to the cost of the rations, the deficiency shall hereafter be made up to them. Resolved, . . . That the resolution of the 15th da}^ of May, 1778, granting half pay for seven years to the officers of the Army who should continue in service to the end of the war, be extended to the widows of those officers who have died or shall hereafter die in the service; to commence from the time of such officers' death, and con- tinue for the term of seven years; or if there be no widow, or in case of her death or intermarriage, the said half pay be given to the orphan children of the officer dying as aforesaid, if he shall have left any, and that it be recommended to the legislatures of the respective States to which such officers belong, to make provision for paying the same, on account of the United States. That the restricting clause in the resolution of May 15, 1778, grant- ing half pay to the officers for seven years, expressed in these words, viz, "And not hold any office of profit under these States, or any of them," be, and is hereby, repealed. August 29, 1780. "As black and red feathers have been furnished the division of light infantry to distinguish it from the rest of the Army, they are not to be worn by any officers or soldiers but those who belong to it." {Orders, General Headquarters, Team. Neck.) November 29, 1780. Resolved, That the act of Congress of the 8th of January last, pro- viding for the payment of officers' horses killed in action, be extended to such officers entitled to keep them who shall have their horses wounded and disabled in action, provided the horses so wounded and disabled be delivered to the department of the Quartermaster-General. January 26, 1781. Resolved, That the allowance of five dollars per month to the officers of the Army for each retained ration, granted by an act of the 12th of August last, shall commence on the 1st day of August, 1780. June 13, 1781. Congress declared that until it shall be able to liquidate the depre- ciation of the continental bill of credit, on the principles established in the resolution of April 10, 1780, that the money paid by the States to compensate officers of the Army shall be deemed as advanced on account until adjustment by Congress of such liquidation. September -SO, 1781. "All officers and others are strictly forbid, for obvious reasons, to wear red coats." (Orders, General Headquarters, Secretary' i Quarter.) October 80, 1781. "In pursuance of the determination of a board of general officers Betting forth the means by which the officers of the Army may receive a general benefit from that article of the Capitulation which entitles them to a right of preemption of the good- in the po s s essi on of the traders in York and Gloucester, at the time of the surrender of these posts, the Commander in Chief is pleased to direct that every officer who came here with this Army (coming under the following description) receive on account of his pav to the amount of twenty pounds (dollars, at six shil- lings) each, viz: * * * The officers of the hospital, * * * the Quartermaster- General, the Commissary-General, and their deputies; hut not to include the deputies 20 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. of deputies. * * * Heads of departments not connected with brigades are them- selves to purchase for the persons entitled or give written authority to one person in their respective departments to do it for them. The brigades and corps, having balloted for priority of purchase, are to be served in the following order, viz: * * * 7, sappers and miners; 8, 9, 10, the Quarter [master] 's, Commissary's, and Hospital departments. * * * The persons appointed to purchase for each brigade and separate department will have a certificate of their appointment from Major-General St. Clair. * * * The regimental paymaster to take receipts from each officer, as so much pay, and transmit an account of the aggregate sum to the Paymaster-General, to be by him charged to the regiment. Where officers are unconnected with bri- gades, their amounts to be transmitted to the Paymaster-General by the general officers to whom they are attached and the heads of departments to which they belong. Until the purchases aboveauthorized are completed and the same announced by a general order, no person whatever is permitted to purchase on private account. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, New York. ) January 19, 1782. " Commanding officers of * * * corps are not in future to furnish servants or waggoners from their corps on any pretext whatever, without an express order from the Commander in Chief or officer commanding the Army. Officers actually belonging to * * * corps and serving with them are to be allowed servants from their respective corps, in the following proportions, viz: * * * No * * * doctor to take a convalescent from the hospital for a servant on pain of being tried by a court-martial. The general and military staff and officers not belonging to corps are to be allowed servants in the following proportions, and when they are not otherwise provided may take them from the Army, viz: Major-general, four servants; brigadier-general, four servants; colonel, two servants ( without arms) ; lieutenant-colonel, one servant (without arms); major, one servant (without arms); captain, one servant (without arms); aide-de-camp, one servant (without arms); major of brigade, one servant (without arms). {Orders, General Headquarters, Phila- delphia. ) April 8, 1782. Resolved, That . . . the Secretary at War . . . issue his warrants ... to the head of each department for the pay and rations due to each department; that the accounts for the pa}^ and rations of . . . each department in the Army from January 1, 1782, shall be made out at the end of every month, and be transmitted to the War Office for examination and warrants. That the manner of making the paj'ments, of keeping the accounts, . . . be regulated by the Secretary at War. April 10, 1782. -Resolved, . . . That estimates and returns from the different departments be lodged at the War Office, to be examined and approved of by the Secretary at War. April 22, 1782. Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allowances to officers, over and above their pay and what they are enti- tled to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: A colonel 2 rations per day; 12 60/90 dollars per month. A lieutenant-colonel. 1 do. ; 11 do. Major 1 J do. ; 8 do. Captain 1 do. ; 6 30/90 do. Subaltern 1 do. ; 3 15/90 do. * * * GENERAL PROVISIONS. 21 All officers in the line of the Army employed in any of the staff departments shall be entitled, while acting therein, to draw the same number of rations and like subsistence to which they are entitled by their ranks in the Army; and when any persons, not in the line of the Army, are employed in any of the staff departments, they shall be entitled to draw the same number of rations and subsistence as officers of the line acting in similar stations in the stall' with them are entitled to draw. No compensation shall hereafter be made to those officers who may neglect to draw rations to which they are entitled. August 7, 1182. "Honorary badges of distinction are to be conferred on the veteran noncommissioned officers and soldiers of the Army, who have served more than three years with bravery, fidelity, and good conduct; for this purpose a narrow piece of white cloth of an angular form is to be fixed to the left arm on the uniform coats. Noncommissioned officers and soldiers, who have served with equal reputation more than six years, are to be distinguished by two pieces of cloth set on parallel to each other in a similar form." "The general, ever desirous to cherish virtuous ambition in his soldiers, as well as to foster and encourage every species of military merit, directs that whenever any singularly meritorious action is performed, the author of it shall be permitted to wear on his facings over the left breast, the figure of a heart in purple cloth or silk, edged with narrow lace or binding." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) August 11, 1782. "The badges which noncommissioned officers and soldiers are permitted to wear on the left arm, as a mark of long and faithful service, are to be of the same color, with the facings of the corps they belong to, and not white in every instance as directed in the orders of the 7th instant." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That any of the officers entitled to forage, who shall keep their horses at their own expense, shall be paid therefor by the Quartermaster-General at the average price given by him for the forage of the Army. December 3, 1782. Resolved, That after the last day of December inst., in lieu of the rations hitherto allowed to officers of the Army, including those for servants, they shall be allowed subsistence money at the rate of four dollars per month for each ration; provided that where circumstances in any ease shall not permit the payment of such subsistence money, they shall draw their rations as heretofore. December 6, 1782. "The honorable Secretary at War having been pleased to direct that the uniform of the American cavalry and infantry shall in future he hlne ground with red facings and white linings and buttons, the General gives this early notice that provision may be made accordingly before the Army shall receive their clothing for the present year. The Corps of Artillery is to retain the present uniform, and the suppers and miners will have the same." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) December 13, 1782. AVW/vv/. Thai every officer whose duty requires bis being on horse- back who shall have his horse killed, or wounded, or disabled by the enemy, or whose horse shall fall into the enemy's bands without his own manifest fault or misconduct, shall be entitled to receive from the Quartermaster-General or his deputy the just value of such horse, to be tippraised on oath, or on honor of the appraisers, it' commissioned officers, provided the same does not exceed 120 dollars; provided also, 22 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. that if the wounded or disabled horse be brought off, he shall be deliv- ered to some officer in the Quartermaster's Department, whose certifi- cate shall be necessar}^ to entitle the owner to compensation: provided also, that before any compensation shall be made for horses lost in the manner before mentioned, the necessary facts shall be proved to the satisfaction of the Quartermaster-General or his deputy. . . . This resolution to have retrospect to the first of January, 1779; this resolu- tion not to extend to officers who have already received compensation for horses lost since that day. December 15, 1782. " By the order of the 6th instant respecting uniformity of clothing for the Army, the General did not propose that the coats should all be made in the same mode; on the contrary, he wishes commanding officers of the different lines and corps would agree among themselves on such distinctions as may be deemed proper in the fashion of the lapels, cuffs, buttons, &c." {Orders, General Headquar- ters, Newburgh. ) January 3, 1783. "Duplicate accounts of the subsistence of departments and gen- eral officer's family, to be signed by the heads of the departments and general officer." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) February 21, 1783. Whereas sundry officers in the Army of the United States have been taken from the line to act in the departments of the general staff, and are entitled to additional pay in consequence thereof: Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several States, to whom such officers respectively belong, to adjust and dis- charge, on account of the United States, the deficiencies on the addi- tional pay to which they are entitled by the resolutions of Congress, in the same manner and to the same time they settle their accounts as officers of the line. February 24, -1783. "The nonarrival of the clothing expected from Europe renders the greatest economy in that article doubly necessary. The Commander in Chief therefore recommends that the business of turning and repairing the coats of last year should now be considered as a primary object, in doing which a certain model as to the fashion and length (for the coats ought to be made something shorter than at present) will be established by the commanding officer of the corps, from which there must be no deviation. . . It is expected scarlet cloth for cuffs, capes, and per- haps half facings will be furnished, as the Secretary at War has been pleased to give assurances that he will cause a quantity of that cloth, together with a sufficiency of thread, to l^e immediately forwarded from Philadelphia, if possible." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) March 3, 1783. " Notwithstanding the proposed alteration in the uniform of the infantry and cavalry, it appears necessary, from the inevitable circumstances, that all the light infantry companies should be clothed in blue coats, faced with white, until further orders. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) March n, 1783. Resolved, That such officers as are now in service, and shall continue therein to the end of the war, shall be entitled to receive the amount of five years' full pay in money, or securities on interest at six per cent per annum, as Congress shall find most convenient, instead of the half pav promised for life by the resolution of the 21st day of Octo- ber, 1780. . . . April 14, 1783. "The regiments which have not turned and repaired their coats are to draw lots for the scarlet cloth which arrived yesterday. Such corps as can not n< w be supplied must retain their old uniform. Everything that can be done previous to the first of May to make the troops appear respectable ought to be attempted. An extra allowance of one ration per coat will be made for every regimental coat that has or shall be turned." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) GENERAL PROVISIONS. 23 September 17, 1783. Whereas the legislatures, as well as the citizens of several States, are opposed to the allowance of half pay to officers of the Army, and also to the commutation made by an act of Congress of 22d March last; and it is the request of the delegates of such States that the legislatures thereof may have an opportunity of effecting a compromise with the officers of their respective lines, and of enabling them to retain the affection and esteem of their fellow-citizens: Resolved, That the Secretary at War be directed to transmit to the legislatures of the States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Provi- dence Plantations, and of such other States as may apply for the same, a list of the officers belonging to such States, respectively, to whom half pay or the commutation had been promised by Congress, . . ; in order that the said legislatures, if they shall deem it expedient, may reward the services of the said officers in a way that shall be mutually agreeable to them: . . . Provided, That such officers as may not accept the proposals of their respective States for rewarding their services aforesaid shall be, nevertheless, entitled to the commutation and every other emolument granted them by act of Congress. September 86 1 1783. Resolved, That the Commander in Chief be authorized and directed to grant furloughs to such of the general, medical, and staff officers and the officers of the engineers whose services are not, in his opinion, necessary for the troops remaining in actual service. September 30, 1783. Resolved, That the Secretary of War issue to all officers in the Army under the rank of major-general who hold the same rank now that they held in the year 1777 a brevet commission one grade higher than their present rank, having respect to their seniority. . . . STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of June 1, 1789 (1 Stats., 23). AN ACT to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths. That the oath or affirmation required by the sixth article of the Constitution of the United States snail be administered in the form following, to wit: " I, A B, do solemly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States." . . . * * * Sec. 4. That all officers appointed, or hereafter to be appointed under the authority of the united States, shall, before they act in their respective offices, take the same oath or affirmation, which shall be administered by the person or persons who shall be authorized by law to administer to such officers their respective oaths of office; and such officers shall incur the same penalties in case of failure as shall be imposed by law in case of failure in taking their respective oaths of office. 24 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 7, 1794 (1 Stats., 390). AN ACT in addition to the "Act for making further and more effectual provision for the protection of the frontiers of the United States. ' ' Sec 1. That if any commissioned officer . . . shall, while in the service of the United States, die by reason of wounds received in actual service of the United States, and shall leave a widow, or if no widow, shall leave a child or children under age, such widow, or if no widow, such child or children, shall be entitled to and receive the half of the monthly pay to which the deceased was entitled at the time of his death, for and during the term of five years; and in case of the death or intermarriage of such widow, before the expiration of the said term of five years, the half pay for the remainder of the term, shall go to the child or children of such deceased officer, while under the age of sixteen years, and, in like manner, the allowance to the child or children of such deceased, where there is no widow, shall be paid no longer than while there is a child or children under the age aforesaid: Provided, That no greater sum shall be allowed in any case, to the widow or to the child or children of any officer, than the half pay of a lieutenant-colonel. * * * Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stats., 430). AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject. x- * * Sec. 13. That if any officer . . . shall be wounded or disabled while in the line of his duty in public service he shall be placed on the list of the invalids of the United States, at such rate of pay and under such regulations as shall be directed by the President of the United States for the time being: Provided always, That the rate of compensation to be allowed for such wounds or disabilities to a com- missioned officer shall never exceed for the highest disability half the monthly pay of such officer at the time of his being so disabled or ' wounded: . . . And provided also, That all inferior disabilities shall entitle the person so disabled to receive an allowance propor- tionate to the highest disability. Act of May 12, 1796 (1 Stats., 4.63). AN ACT allowing compensation for horses killed in battle belonging to officers of the Army of the United States. Sec. 1. That every officer in the Army of the United States whose duty requires him to be on horseback in time of action, and whoso horse shall be killed in battle, be allowed a sum not exceeding two hun- dred dollars as a compensation for each horse killed. Sec. 2. That the provision contained in this act shall have retrospec- tive operation as far as the fourth day of March in the year one thou- sand seven hundred and eighty-nine. . . . GENERAL PROVISIONS. 25 Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749). AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to fill certain vacancies in the Army and Navy. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereb}-, authorized to make appointments to till any vacancies in the Army . . . which ma}^ have happened during the present session of the Senate. Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... to each colonel, seventy -five dollars; to each lieu- tenant-colonel, sixty dollars; to each major, fifty dollars; to each captain, forty dollars; to each first lieutenant, thirty dollars; to each second lieutenant, twenty-five dollars; . . . Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations; a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said offi- cers ... at the posts, respectively, when the rations shall become due; and if at such post supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to for- mer contracts, and the position of the place in question: . . . ; and to every commissioned officer who snail keep one servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration. * * * Sec. 7. That the following officers shall, whenever forage is not furnished -by the public, receive at the rate of the following sums per month in lieu thereof: Each colonel, twelve dollars; each lieutenant- colonel, eleven dollars; each major, ten dollars; . . . each surgeon, ten dollars, and each surgeon's mate, six dollars. * * * Sec. 14. That if any officer ... in the corps composing the peace establishment shall be disabled by wounds or otherwise while in the line of his duty in public service, he shall be placed on the list of invalids of the United States, at such rate of pay and under such regu- lations as may be directed by the President of the United States for the time being: Provided al/wa/y8, That the compensation to be allowed for such wounds or disabilities to a commissioned officer shall not exceed for the highest disability half the monthly pay of such officer at the time of his being disabled or wounded, and that no officer .shall receive more than the half pay of a lieutenant-colonel: . . . And provided 'also, That all inferior disabilities shall entitle the person so disabled to receive an allowance proportionate to the highest disability. Sec. 15. That if any commissioned officer in the military peace establishment of the United States shall, while in the service of the United States, eace establishment of the United States. Sec. 6. That to each commissioned officer who shall be deranged by virtue of this act the*re shall be allowed and paid, in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they will be entitled by law at the time of his discharge, three months' pay. 28 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF XT. S. ARMY. Act of April U, IS 16 (3 Stats, 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. Sec. 9. That the several officers of the staff shall respectively receive the pay and emoluments and retain all the privileges secured to the staff of the Army by the act of March third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, and not incompatible with the provisions of this act; and that the regulations in force before the reduction of the Army be recognized, as far as the same shall be found applicable to the serv- ice, subject, however, to such alterations as the Secretar}' of War may adopt, with the approbation of the President. Sec. 10. That . . . hereafter the staff of the Army may be taken from the line of the Army, or from citizens. * * * Sec. 12. That when forage is not drawn in kind by officers of the Army entitled thereto, eight dollars per month for each horse, not exceeding the number authorized by existing regulations, shall be allowed in lieu thereof: Provided, That neither forage nor money shall be drawn by officers but for horses actually kept b} r them in service: Provided also, That none except company officers shall be allowed to take as servants or waiters soldiers of the Army, and that all officers be allowed, for each private servant actually kept in serv- ice, not exceeding the number authorized by existing regulations, the pay, rations, and clothing of a private soldier, or money in lieu thereof, on a certificate setting forth the name and description of the servant or servants in the pay account. . . . Act of March 3, 1817 (3 Stats., 394). AN ACT to amend an Act entitled "An Act making further provision for military services during the late war, and for other purposes." x- ;: -;:- Sec. 2. That the provisions contained in an Act, entitled "An Act fixing the military peace establishment of the United States," passed on the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, grant- ing to the commissioned officers of the Regular Army, who were deranged by said Act, three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they were entitled b}* law at the time of their discharge, shall equally extend to . . . warrant officers of the staff of the Regular Army, who were deranged by the before recited Act, except those provisionally retained by the President of the United States. * * * Act of March 18, 1818 (3 Stats., 410). AN ACT to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States, in the Revolutionary War. That every commissioned officer, noncommissioned officer . . . who served in the War of the Revolution until the end thereof, or for the term of nine months, or longer, at any period of the war, on the GENERAL PROVISIONS. 29 Continental establishment . . . who is } r et a resident of the United States, and who is, or hereafter, by reason of his reduced circumstances in life, shall be, in need of assistance from his country for support, and shall have substantiated his claim to a pension in the manner herein directed, shall receive a pension from the United States; if an officer, of twenty dollars per month during life; if a noncommissioned officer . . . of eight dollars per month during life; Provided, No person shall be entitled to the provisions of this Act, until he shall have relin- quished his claim to every pension heretofore allowed him by the laws of the United States. Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 426). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. * * * Sec. 4. That to each commissioned officer who shall be deranged by virtue of this Act, there shall be allowed and paid, in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they will be entitled by law, at the time of their discharge, three months' pay and emoluments. . . ft -X- * Act of April 16, 1818 (3 Stats., J$7). AN ACT regulating the pay and emoluments of brevet officers^ -X- # ::- Sec. 2. That no brevet commission shall hereafter be conferred but by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Act of May 1, 1820 (3 Stats., 567). A X ACT in addition to the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * tt Sec. <>. That no contract 1 shall hereafter be made by the Secretary . . . of the Department of War, . . . except under a law authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its ful- filment. . . . . Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 266). AX ACT to increase the j. resent military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * ->: Sec. L5. That every commissioned officer of the . .. . staff, exclusive of general officers, shall be entitled to receive one addi- tional ration per diem for every five years he may have served or shall serve in the Army of the United States. . . . 'Excepting contracts for the subsistence and clothing of the Army. 30 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 7, 1838 {5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: First. Nothing contained in the said act shall be so construed as to allow to any officer additional rations for time past, commonly called back rations. * * * Act of March 3, 1839 (5 Stats., 339). AN ACT making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Gov- ernment for the year eighteen hundred and thirty-nine. * * * Sec. 3. That no officer in any branch of the public service, or any other persons whose salaries, or whose pay or emoluments is or are fixed by law and regulations, shall receive any extra allowance or compensation in any form whatever for the disbursement of public money, or the performance of any other service, unless the said extra allowance or compensation be authorized by law; nor shall any execu- tive officer, other than the heads of departments, apply more than thirty dollars, annually, out of the contingent fund under his control, to paj T for newspapers, pamphlets, periodicals, or other books or prints not necessary for the business of his office. Act of August 23, 18 J$ {5 Stats., 508). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army, and of the Military Academy, for the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. * * * Sec. 2. That no officer in any branch of the public service, or any other person whose salary, pay, or emoluments is or are fixed by law or regulations, shall receive any additional pay, extra allowance, or compensation, in any form whatever, for the disbursement of public money, or for any other service or duty whatsoever, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such additional pay, extra allowance, or com- pensation. * * * Act of June 18, 18 4S (9 Stats., 17): AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. . . that appointments ... in the general staff, which confer equal rank in the Army, shall not be held by the same officer at the same time; and when any officer of the staff who may have been taken from the line shall, in virtue of seniority, have GENERAL PROVISIONS. 31 obtained or be entitled to promotion to a grade in his regiment equal to the commission he may hold in the staff, the said officer shall vacate such staff commission, or he ma3 T , at his option, vacate his commission in the line. Act of March 3, 184-7 (9 Stats., 188). AN ACT to establish certain post routes, and for other purposes. Sec. 4. That all letters, newspapers, and other packets, not exceed- ing in weight one ounce, directed to any officer ... of the Army of the United States in Mexico, or at any post or place on the frontier- of the United States bordering on Mexico, shall be conveyed in the mail free of postage. Sec. 5. That the two preceding sections shall continue in force dur- ing the present war, and for three months after the same may be terminated, and no longer. Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 618). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two. . . . Provided, That all promotions in the staff department or corps shall be made as in other corps of the Army. Act of August 31, 1852 (10 Stats., 76). AN ACT making appropriation for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Govern- ment for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-three, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 8. That it shall not be lawful for the officer ... in charge of any bureau ... in any of the departments of the Govern- ment to print, or cause to be printed, at the public expense, any report he may make to the President of the United States, or to the head of any of the departments. Act of February 21, 1857 (11 Stats., 163). AN ACT to increase the pay of the officers of the Army. That from and after the commencement of the present fiscal year the pay of each commissioned officer of the Army, including military storekeepers, shall be increased twenty dollars per month, and that the commutation price of officers' subsistence shall be thirty cents per ration. 32 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. * * * Sec. 15. That any commissioned officer of the Army . . . who shall have served as such for forty consecutive years, may, upon his own application to the President of the United States, be placed on the list of retired officers, with the pay and emolument allowed b}^ this act. Sec. 16. That if any commissioned officer of the Army . . . shall have become incapable of performing the duties- of his office, he shall be placed upon the retired list and withdrawn from active service and command and from the line of promotion, with the following pay and emoluments, namely, the pay proper of the highest rank .held by him at the time of his retirement, whether by staff . . . commis- sion, and four rations per day, and without any other pay, emoluments, or allowances. . . . Sec. 17. That, in order to carry out the provisions of this act, the Secretary of War, . . . under the direction and approval of the President of the United States, shall, from time to time, as occasion may require, assemble a board of not more than nine, nor less than five commissioned officers, two-fifths of whom shall be of the medical staff; the board, except those taken from the medical staff, to be com- posed, as far as may be, of his seniors in rank, to determine the facts as to the nature and occasion of the disability of such officers as appear disabled to perform such military service, such board being hereby invested with the powers of a court of inquiry and court-mar- tial, and their decision shall be subject to like revision as that of such courts by the President of the United States. Sec. 18. That the officers partially retired shall be entitled to wear the uniform of their respective grades, shall continue to be borne upon the Army Register, . . . and shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and to trial by general court-martial for any breach of the said articles. * * * Sec. 20. That officers of the Army, when absent from their appro- priate duties for a period exceeding six months, either with or with- out leave, shall not receive the allowances authorized by the existing laws for servants, forage, transportation of baggage, fuel, and quar- ters, either in kind or in commutation. * * * Sec. 25. That retired officers of the Army . . . may be assigned to such duties as the President may deem them capable of performing, and such as the exigencies of the public service may require. Act of August 5, 1861 {12 Stats., 316). AN ACT making appropriation* for ratifications, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That any commissioned officer of the Army, . . . who, having tendered his resignation, shall, prior to due notice of the acceptance of the same by the proper authority, and without leave, GENERAL PROVISIONS. 33 shall quit his post or proper duties with the intention to remain per- manently absent therefrom, shall be registered as a deserter and pun- ished as such. * * * Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stats., 502). AN ACT to prescribe an oath of office, and for other purposes. That hereafter every person . . . appointed to any office of honor or profit under the Government of the United States, . . . in the . . . military, . . . departments of the public service, excepting the President of the United States, shall, before entering upon the duties of such office, and before being entitled to any of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take and subscribe to the following oath or affirmation: "I, A. B., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, coun- tenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hos- tility thereto; that I have neither sought nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto. And I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God;" which said oath, so taken and signed, shall be preserved among the files of the . . . Department to which the said office may appertain. And any person who shall falsely take the said oath shall be guilty of perjury, and on conviction, in addition to the penalties now prescribed for that offense, shall be deprived of his office and rendered incapable forever after of holding any office or place under the United States. Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 594). AN ACT to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and for other purposes. That officers of the Army entitled to forage for horses shall not be allowed to commute it, but may draw forage in kind for each horse actually kept by them when and at the place where they are on duty, not exceeding the number authorized by law: /*ror!rer, That when forage in kind can not be furnished by the proper department, then, and in all such cases, officers entitled to forage may commute the same BC< ording to existing regulations. . . . Skc. 2. That major-generals shall be entitled to draw forage in kind for five horses; brigadier-generals for four horses; colonels, lieu- tenant-colonels, and majors for two horses each; captains and lieu- tenants . . . having the cavalry allowance for two horses each. S. Doc. 229 3 34 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 3. That whenever an officer of the Army shall employ a soldier for his servant, he shall, for each and every month during which said soldier shall be so employed, deduct from his own monthly pay the full amount paid to or expended by the Government per month on account of said soldier. . . . Sec. 7. That in lieu of the present rate of mileage allowed to officers of the Army when travelling on public duty, where transportation in kind is not furnished to them by the Government, not more than six cents per mile shall hereafter be allowed, unless where an officer is ordered from a station east of the Rocky Mountains to one west of the same mountains, or vice versa, when ten cents per mile shall be allowed to him; and no officer of the Army ... of the United States shall be paid mileage except for travel actually performed at his own expense and in obedience to orders. * * * Sec. 12. That whenever the name of any officer of the Army . . . shall have been borne on the Army Register . . . forty-five years, or he shall be of the age of sixty -two years, it shall be in the discretion of the President to retire him . . . ; and the President is hereby authorized to assign any officer retired under this section or the act of August third, eighteen hundred and sixtj^-one, to any appropriate duty; and s-uch officer thus assigned shall receive the full pay and emoluments of his grade while so assigned and employed. * * * March 3, 1863 {12-709). Under section 42 the franking privilege was conferred on chiefs of bureaus or chief clerks, under regulations to be prescribed by the Post- master-General. The act of June 1, 1864, authorized franked matter to be conveyed free of postage without being indorsed ' ' official business ' ' or with the name of the writer. June 11, 1864 {13-123). Heads of bureaus prohibited from receiving pay for their services in any matter where the United States is a party. Act of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 487) AN ACT to amend the several acts heretofore passed to provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. That the measure of allowance for pay of an officer's servant is the pay of a private soldier as fixed bj 7 law at the time; that no noncom- missioned officer shall be detailed or employed to act as a servant, nor shall any private soldier be so detailed or employed except with his own consent; that for each soldier employed as a servant by an} 7 officer there shall be deducted from the monthly pay of such officer the full monthly pay and allowances of the soldier so employed; and that, including any soldier or soldiers so emplo3 r ed, no officer shall be allowed for any greater number of servants than is now provided by law, nor be allowed for any servant not actually and in fact in his employ. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 35 Act of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 495). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth June, eighteen hundred and sixty-six. 1 * * * Sec. 3. That from and after the first day of March, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-five, and during the continuance of the present rebellion, the commutation price of officers' subsistence shall be fifty cents per ration : Provided, That said increase shall not apply to the commuta- tion price of the rations of any officer above the rank of brevet brigadier-general, or of any officer entitled to commutation for fuel and quarters. * * * Sec. 5. That commissioned officers of the Army, serving in the field, shall hereafter be permitted to purchase rations for their own use on credit from any commissary of subsistence at cost prices, and the amount due for rations so purchased shall be reported monthly to the Paymaster-General, to be deducted from the payment next following such purchase. And the Secretary of War is hereby directed to issue such orders and regulations as he may deem best calculated to insure the proper observance thereof. * * * Act of July 13, 1866 (U Stats., 90). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 8. That the allowance now made by law to officers travelling under orders where transportation is not furnished in kind shall be increased to ten cents per mile. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 25. (The Subsistence Department to sell, at cost, to the officers and men such articles as may be designated from time to time by the inspectors-general of the Army) and if not paid for when purchased a true account thereof shall be kept and the amount due the Govern- ment shall be deducted by the paymaster at the payment next follow- ing such purchase: Provided, That this section shall not go into effect until the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. * * * Sec. 32. 2 That officers, of the Regular Army entitled to be retired on account of disability occasioned by wounds received in battle may be retired upon the full rank of the command held by them, whether in the regular or volunteer service at the time such wounds were received. * * * 'Section 6 authorizes 1 pound of tobacco per month to be issued to enlisted men at cost prices exclusive of cost of transportation. 1 Repealed by act of June 10, 1872. 36 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 35. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the } r ear ending thir- tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-six," shall continue in force for one year from the passage of this act: Provided, That no officer who is furnished with quarters in kind shall be entitled to receive the increased commutation of rations hereby authorized. Act of March 2, 1867 (U State., 1&2). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * That for two years from the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty -six, all officers of the Army below the rank of major-general . . . shall be paid an addition of thirty-three and one-third per centum to their present pay proper; . . . * * * Sec. 9. That section fifteen of the "Act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved June fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, be amended so that general officers shall not hereafter be excluded from receiving the additional ration for every five years' service; and it is hereby further provided that officers on the retired list of the Army shall have the same allowance of additional rations for every five years' service as officers in active service. March 2, 1867 {14-434) In computing length of service of any officer, he shall he credited with the time he actually served, continuously or at different periods, in the Regular Army, or in the volunteer service since April 19, 1861. First section of act of March 3, 1865, relativeto pay of an officer's servant, not to he construed as retrospective or retroactive in its operation. March 2, 1867 {14-517). Brevet rank may be conferred on officers for gallant, meritorious or faithful conduct in the volunteer service prior to their appointment in the Regular Army. Resolution of July 25, 1868 (IS Stats., 261). A RESOLUTION granting permission to officers and soldiers to wear the badge of the corps in which they served during the rebellion. That all who served as officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, or other enlisted men in the Regular Army, volunteer or militia forces of the United States during the war of the rebellion . . . shall be entitled to wear on occasions of ceremony the distinctive arnry badge ordered or adopted by the army corps and division, respectively, in which they served. March 1, 1869 {15-280). Franking privilege can only be exercised by written autograph signature. Act of January 21, 1870 (16 Stats., 62). AN ACT relating to retired officers of the Army. That no retired officer of the Army shall hereafter be assign ct men who served in the war of the Revolution, the war of eighteen hundred and twelve, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion. That the distinctive badges adopted by military societies of men who served in the armies ... of the United States in the war of the Revolution, the war of eighteen hundred and twelve, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion, respectively, may be worn upon all 44 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. occasions of ceremony by officers and enlisted men of the Army . . . of the United States, who are members of said organizations in their own right. Act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stats., 562). AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regu- late promotions therein. That hereafter promotion to every grade in the Army below the rank of brigadier-general, throughout each . . . corps or depart- ment of the service, shall, subject to the examination hereinafter pro- vided for, be made according to seniority in the next lower grade of that . . . corps or department. . . . Act of August 5, 1892 (27 Stats., 349). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for other purposes. * * * No printing and binding shall be done by the Public Printer for the several Executive . . . Departments of the Government in any fiscal year in excess of the allotment for such Departments, and none shall be done without a special requisition, signed by the chief of the Department and tiled with the Public Printer. . . . Heads of Executive Departments shall direct whether reports made to them by bureau chiefs . . . shall be printed or not. No report, document, or publication of any kind distributed by or from ... or bureau of the Government shall contain any notice that the same is sent with "the compliments" of an officer of the Government. * * March 2, 1897 (29-609). This act simply provides that the maximum sum to be allowed for mileage shall be four cents per mile. Act of March IS, 1898 (30 Stats., 318). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine. ft * . . . That the maximum sum to be allowed and paid to any offi- cer of the Army shall be seven cents per mile. . . . Provided further, That when any officer so traveling shall travel in whole or in part on any railroad on which the troops and supplies of the United States are entitled to be transported free of charge, or over any of the bond-aided Pacific railroads, or over the railroad of any railroad company which is entitled to receive only fifty per centum of the com- pensation earned by such company for transportation services rendered to the United States, he shall be furnished with a transportation request by the Quartermaster's Department for such travel; and the cost of the transportation so furnished shall be a charge against the officer's mileage account, ... to be deducted ... at rates paid by the general public, . . . Provided further^ That officers who, by GENERAL PROVISIONS. 45 reason of the decision of the accounting officers of the Treasury, have been compelled to pay from their own means one-half of the cost of their travel fare over railroads known as fifty per centum roads, shall be reimbursed the same. . . . Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Statu., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * -x- Sec. 10. . . . The staff officers herein authorized for the corps, division, and brigade commanders may be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, as officers of the Volunteer Army, or may be assigned by him, in his discretion, from officers of the Regular Army, or the Volunteer Arnry, or of the militia in the .service of the United States: Provided, That when relieved from such staff service said appointments or assignments shall terminate. 1 Act of May 28, 1898 (30 Stats., 421). AN ACT to amend sections ten and thirteen of an act entitled "An Act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes," approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. That so much of section ten of the act approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "An Act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes," as provides that " officers appointed or assigned to the staff of commanders of army corps, divisions, and brigades shall serve only in such capacity, and that when relieved from such staff service such appointments or assignments shall terminate," be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and that assignments of the officers of the volunteer staff shall be governed by the same rules and regulations as those of the Regular Army. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. . . . That in time of war retired officers of the Army may., in the discretion of the President, be employed on active duty, <>t Imt t lnui in the command of troops, and when so employed they shall receive the full pay and allowances of their grades. . . . * # * Sec. 14. . . . Provided, That for each Regular Army officer of a staff corps or department who may be retained in or appointed to a 1 For designation of staff offioen, sec Adjutant-* u-ncral, Inspector-General, Jadge- Advocate-General, Quartermaster-General, Commissary-General, Surgeon-General, and Engineers. 46 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. higher volunteer rank in said staff corps or department than that actu- ally held by him in the regular establishment there ma}^ be appointed one officer of volunteers of the lowest grade mentioned in this section for such staff corps or department, but no appointment will be made which will increase the total number of officers, regular and volunteer, serving in any grade above the number authorized by this act: And provided also, That all the volunteer staff officers herein authorized to be appointed or retained in the service shall be honorably discharged on July first, nineteen hundred and one, or sooner if their services are no longer required: And provided furt her, That the officers herein authorized shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 1 Sec. 15. . . . Provided also, That each and every provision of this act shall continue in force until July first, nineteen hundred and one; and on and after that date all the . . . staff . . . officers appointed to the Army under this act shall be discharged, and the members restored in each grade to those existing at the passage of this act: . . . And provided further, That no officer who has been, or may be, promoted under existing law, or under the rules of seniority, shall be disturbed in his rank. Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stats., 1064). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Regular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred. * * * . That actual expenses only shall be paid to officers when traveling to and from our island possessions in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. * * * Act of May 26, 1900 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Regular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and one. * * * For mileage to officers . . . Provided further, That officers who so desire may, upon application to the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, be furnished with transportation requests, exclusive of sleeping and parlor car accommodations, for the entire journey under their orders; and the transportation so furnished shall be a charge against the officer's mileage account, to be deducted at the rate of three cents per mile. . . . And provided further, That when the established route of travel shall, in whole or in part, be over the line of any rail- road on which the troops and supplies of the United States are entitled to be transported free of charge, or over any of the bond-aided Pacific railroads, or over the railroad of any railroad company which by law or agreement is entitled to receive only fifty per centum of the com- pensation earned by such company for transportation services rendered the United States, officers traveling as herein provided for shall, for 1 For retention in service of officers of the volunteer staff, see Adjutant-General, Inspector-General, Judge- Advocate-General, Quartermaster-General, Commissary- General, Surgeon-General, Paymaster-General, and Signal Corps. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 47 the travel over such roads, be furnished with transportation requests, exclusive of sleeping and parlor car accommodations, by the Quarter- master's Department: And provided further ^ That when transporta- tion is furnished by the Quartermaster's Department, or when the established route of travel is over any of the railroads above specified, there shall be deducted from the officer's mileage account by the pay- master paying the same three cents per mile for the distance for which transportation has been or should have been furnished: And provided further, That actual expenses only shall be paid to officers for sea travel when traveling, as herein provided for, to, from, or between our island possessions: Provided also, That hereafter when an officer shall be discharged from the service, except by wa}^ of punishment for an offense, he shall receive for travel allowances from the place of his diseharge to the place of his residence at the time of his appoint- ment or to the place of his original muster into the service, four cents per mile. . . . That for sea travel on discharge, to, from, or between our island possessions, actual expenses only shall be paid to officers. . . . * * * . . . Provided, That hereafter the pay proper of all officers . . . serving in Porto Rico, Cuba, the Philippine Islands, Hawaii, and in the Territory of Alaska shall be increased ten per centum for officers. . . . * * * That the act approved January twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety- nine, granting " extra pay to officers and enlisted men of the United States Volunteers," shall extend to all volunteer officers of the general staff who have not received waiting-orders pay prior to discharge, at the rate of one month to those who did not serve beyond the limits of the United States and two months to those who served beyond the limits of the United States; . . . * * * Two months' extra pay, on discharge, to those who had served faith- fully beyond the limits of the United States, and one month's extra pay to those who had served within the limits of the United States. Act of February 2, 1901 {31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 26. . . . That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, offi- cers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now provided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allow- ances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department 48 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or department holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. * * * Sec. 34. That all officers who have served during the war with Spain, or since, as officers of the Regular or Volunteer Army of the United States, and have been honorably discharged from the service by resig- nation or otherwise, shall be entitled to bear the official title and, upon occasions of ceremony, to wear the uniform of the highest grade they have held by brevet or other commission in the regular or volunteer service. * * * Sec. 41. That the distinctive badges adopted by military societies of men "who served in the armies and navies of the United States during the Spanish- American war and the incident insurrection in the Philippines" may be worn upon all occasions of ceremony by officers and men of the Army and Navy of the United States who are members of said organizations in their own right. Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * . . . Provided, That leaves of absence which may be granted officers of the Regular or Volunteer Army serving in the Territory of Alaska or without the limits of the United States, for the purpose of returning thereto, or which may have been granted such officers for such purpose since the thirteenth day of October, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, shall be regarded as taking effect on the dates such officers reached or may have reached the United States, respectively, and terminating, or as having terminated, on the respective dates of their departure from the United States in returning to their com- mands, as authorized by an order of the Secretary of War dated Octo- ber thirteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety -eight: . . . Provided farther, That any officer or enlisted man in the service of the United States who was discharged in the Philippine Islands and there reen- tered the service through commission or enlistment shall, when dis- charged, except by way of punishment for an offense, receive for travel allowances from the place of his discharge to the place in the United States of his last preceding appointment or enlistment, or to his home if he was appointed or enlisted at a place other than his home, four cents per mile: . . . That hereafter the pay proper of all officers . . serving beyond the limits of the States comprising the Union, and the Territories of the United States contiguous thereto, shall be increased ten per centum for officers . . . over and above the rates of pay proper as fixed by law for time of peace, and the time of such service shall be counted from the date of departure from said States to the date of return thereto: Provided further, That the officers . . . who have served in China at any time since the twenty -sixth day of May, nineteen hundred, shall be allowed and paid for such service the same increase of pay proper as is herein provided for: . . . . II THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. a Doc. 229 i * THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. The Adjutant-General's Department eo nomine was first established under the act of March 3, 1813. From the disbandment of the Army in 1783 until the act of March 3, 1791, there was no regular Adjutant-General. The act of March 5, 1792, provided for an adjutant who should also do duty as inspector, and this dual function continued until the reorganization of the Army in 1821, which abolished the office of Adjutant and Inspector-General. This act, in effect, reduced the Adjutant-General's Department to one officer. There appears to have been no- change in the legal status of the Department from that date to 1838, when, by the act of July 5 of that year, the President was empowered to appoint as many adjutant- generals, not exceeding six, as he might deem necessary. June 17, 1775. Brig. Gen. (Maj. Gen., May 16, 1776) Horatio Gates (Virginia). June 5, 1776. Col. Joseph Reed (Pennsylvania). Jan. 22, 1777. Brig. Gen. Arthur St. Clair (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General. Feb. 20, 1777. Brig. Gen. George Weedon (Virginia), Acting Adjutant-General. Apr. 19, 1777. Col. Morgan Connor (Virginia), Acting Adjutant-General. June 18, 1777. Col. Timothy Pickering 1 (Massachusetts). Jan. 5, 1778. Col. Alexander Scammel 2 (Massachusetts). Jan. 8, 1781. Brig. Gen. Edward Hand (Pennsylvania). Nov. 5, 1783. Capt. William North, 3 Sixteenth Massachusetts Continental Infantry (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant and Inspector. Oct. 18, 1787. Ensign and Adjutant Ebenezer Denny, First American Regiment (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General. Nov. 7, 1790. Lieut. John Pratt, First American Regiment (Connecticut), Acting Adjutant-General. Sept. ,1791. Lieut. Col. Winthrop Sargent, 4 militia (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant-General. Nov. 4, 1791. Lieut. Ebenezer Denny, First Infantry (Pennsylvania), resumed duties of Acting Adjutant-General. Mar. 10, 1792. Lieut. Henry De Butts, Fourth Infantry (Maryland), Acting Adju- tant and Inspector-General. Apr. 11, 1792. Lieut. Col. Winthrop Sargent, 4 militia (Massachusetts). Feb. 23, 1793. Maj. Michael Rudolph, Light Dragoons (Georgia). July 18, 1793. Sublegionary Maj. and Inspector Edward Butler (Pennsylvania), Deputy pro tem. May 13, 1794. Maj. John Mills, Second Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adju- tant-General and Inspector. Feb. 27, 1796. Maj. Jonathan Haskell, Fourth Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant-General and Inspector. 1 Colonel Pickering was elected a member of the Board of War November 7, 1777, but continued to do duty as Adjutant-General until General ScammeFs arrival Jan- uary 13, 1778. 'Colonel Scammel resigned his staff appointment January 1, 1781, to take com- mand of the First New Hampshire Regiment, but remained at headquarters until relieved by General Hand January 12, 1781. 8 On the general disband ment of the Continental Army, Captain North, who had been designated as inspector to the troops remaining in service, acted as adjutant and inspector to October 28, 1787. 4 Colonel Sargent declined the appointment, assigning as a reason that the office was not attended with sufficient rank. 51 52 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY. Aug. 1, 1796. Capt. Edward Butler, Fourth Sublegion (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General and Inspector. Feb. 27, 1797. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, 1 First Infantry (Massachusetts). July 19, 1798. Brig. Gen. William North (New York). Mar. 26, 1802. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, 2 First Infantry (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector. Apr. 2, 1807. Maj. Abimael Y. Nicoll, of the Artillerists (New York), Adjutant and Inspector. Apr. 28, 1812. Lieut. Col. Alexander Macomb, 3 engineers (New York), Acting Ad j utant-General . Julv 6, 1812. Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Cushing (Massachusetts). Mar. 12, 1813. Brig. Gen. Zebulon M. Pike 4 (New York), Adjutant and Inspector- General. May 9, 1814. Brig. Gen. William H. Winder (Maryland), Adjutant and Inspector- General. Nov. 22, 1814. Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker 5 (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector- General. Aug. 13, 1821. Col. James Gadsden 6 (North Carolina). May 8, 1822. Capt. Charles J. Nourse, Second Artillery (District of Columbia), Acting Adjutant-General. Mar. 7, 1825. Col. Roger Jones (Virginia). July 15, 1852. Col. Samuel Cooper (New York) . Mar. 7, 1861. Col. (Brig. Gen., August 3, 1861), Lorenzo Thomas (Delaware). Feb. 22, 1869. Brig. Gen. Edward D. Townsend (Massachusetts). June 15, 1880. Brig. Gen. Richard C. Drum (Pennsylvania). June 7, 1889. Brig. Gen. John C. Kelton (Pennsylvania). July 5, 1892. Brig. Gen. Robert Williams (Virginia). Nov. 6, 1893. Brig. Gen. George D. Ruggles (New York). Sept. 11, 1897. Brig. Gen. Samuel Breck (Massachusetts). Feb. 25, 1898. Brig. Gen. (Maj. Gen., June 6, 1900) Henry C. Corbin (Ohio). 1 The act of March 3, 1797, permitted the Brigadier-General (General in Chiefs to select his brigade major from the line of the Army. Major Cushing, not having relin- quished his rank in the infantry on being appointed inspector, was selected by Gen- eral Wilkinson and continued to perform the duties of inspector and adjutant until May 22, 1798. 2 The act of May 14, 1800, disbanded the adjutant-general, and the duties of adju- tant and inspector were performed, under detail, by Major Cushing (who resided in Washington) from June 15, 1800, to April 2, 1807. 3 Colonel Macomb relieved Major Nicoll, April 28, 1812, having been directed in War Department order of that date "to perform the duties of Adjutant- General until further orders." * General Pike was killed, after the capture of York, upper Canada, by the explo- sion of a magazine April 27, 1813. From this time until May 19, 1814, the office remained vacant, the act of March 3, 1813, having been construed to the effect that there could be but one Adjutant and Inspector-General, who must either be an officer appointed and confirmed to that office, or else be a brigadier-general especially des- ignated by the President to perform the functions. The affairs of the office were meanwhile administered by Maj. C. K. Gardner, Assistant Adjutant-General, until December 30, 1813, and from that date to May 28, 1814 (with the exception of the brief term of service of General Winder) by Col. J. De B. Walbach, Adjutant-General, who was relieved at that date by Maj. John R. Bell, assistant inspector. 5 General Parker was appointed Paymaster-General June 1, 1821. By general orders of that date from headquarters of the Army Lieut. E.Kirby, aid-de-camp, was directed to perform the duties of Adjutant-General of the Army until further orders. 'Colonel Gadsden's appointment was not confirmed by the Senate and his com- mission expired March 22, 1822. On the following April 12 the President renomi- nated him for the office, but the Senate adhered to its original determination. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Resolved, . . . That there be an Adjutant-General. That his pay be one hundred and twenty-five dollars per month. June 17, 1775. The Congress then proceeded to the choice of the officers in the Army by ballot. * * * Horatio Gates, esq., Adjutant-General. Resolved, That Horatio Gates, esq., 1 now chosen Adjutant-General, shall have the rank of brigadier-general. July 9, 1775. Announces appointment of Brig. Gen. Horatio Gates as Adjutant- General of the Army. {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) July 17, 1775. Resolved, That the convention of New York be desired to recom mend to General Schuyler a proper person for a deputy adjutant- general, or brigade major for the Army in the New York Department. July 19, 1775. Resolved, . . . That it be left to General Washington, if he thinks fit, to appoint three brigade majors and commission them accordingly. July W, 1775. Resolved, That the pay of the ... be ... : Deputy adjutant-general, fifty dollars per do. (month). * * * Brigade major, thirty-three dollars per do. (month). August 15, 1775. "David Henley, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Heath's brigade." "John Trumbull, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Spencer's brigade." " Richard Carey, esqr., is appointed brigade major to the brigade commanded by the eldest colonel. "Thomas Chase, Daniel Box, and Alexander Scammel, esqr., are appointed to continue to do duty of brigade majors to the brigades they respectively belong." August 17, 1775. " Thomas ( "hase, esqr., is to continue to do duty as major of bri- gade to Brigadier-General Thomas's brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) August SO, 1775. " By the orders of the 17th instant, Thomas Chase, esqr., was, to the prejudice of Samuel Brewer, esqr., through mistake appointed to be continued to 'Afterwards major-general, and, in 1777, president of the Hoard of War. He accompanied Washington to Cambridge. 53 54 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. do duty to Brigadier-General Thomas's brigade, as major of brigade. His excellency orders that mistake to be rectified, and directs Samuel Brewer to be continued to act as major of brigade to Brigadier-General Thomas." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) September U, 1775. Resolved, That Edward Flemming, esq., be appointed deputy adjutant-general for the Army in the New York or Northern Depart- ment, with the rank of a colonel. . . . September 21, 1775. Resolved, That General Washington be ordered to issue commissions to Majors Box, Scammel, and Brewer as brigade majors. * * * Resolved, That General Schuyler be empowered to nominate and appoint a proper person to the office of brigade major in the army under his command, and to issue a commission accordingly. November 8, 1775. "Congress directs you to acquaint General Schuyler that they approve of his appointment of Captain Dimon to be a brigade major, and have ordered him a commission accordingly. ' ' (Letter of committee to Messrs. R. R. Livingstone, Rob- ert Treat Paine, and J. Langdon. ) January 7, 1776. "The Adjutant-General will this day deliver to the brigade majors the number of the new articles of war necessary for each regiment, in their respective brigades; and that no mistake in regard to the said articles may possibly happen, each book is signed by the honorable John Hancock, esqr., president of the Continental Congress, and countersigned upon the title page by William Tudor, esqr., Judge- Advocate of the Army of the United Colonies." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Cambridge.) March 3, 1776. ' 'All arms in store fit for use may be delivered out to the Adjutant- General's order." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) March 6, 1776. Resolved, That Thomas Bullit, esq., be appointed deputy adjutant- general in the Southern Department with the rank of lieutenant- colonel. March 23, 1776. Resolved, . . . The committee on qualifications having recom- mended Peter Scull to be a brigade major in the Army of the United Colonies in the Middle Department. * * * Resolved, That commissions be granted to them accordingly. March 30, 1776. Resolved, That each brigadier-general, when in command, be empow- ered to appoint a brigade major. May 18, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Thomas Bullit, esq., the deputy adjutant- general in Virginia, be advanced to the rank of colonel. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL^ DEPARTMENT. 55 June 5, 1776. Resolved, That the . . . deputy adjutants-general, make regular returns and reports to Congress, and to the respective officers to whom they are deputies, at least once a month, and that the principals also make returns to Congress at the same periods. * * -X- Congress then proceeded to the election of an Adjutant-General . . . to fill up the vacancies in those offices; when the ballots being taken and examined, Joseph Reed, esq., was elected Adjutant-General . . . * * Resolved, That Joseph Reed, esq., have the pay of 125 dollars a month and the rank of a colonel. June 17, 1776. Resolved, That an experienced general be immediately sent into Canada, with power to appoint a deputy adjutant-general, . . . and such other officers as he shall find necessary for the good of the service . . . and notify the same to Congress for their approba- tion. June 18, 1776. "Joseph Reed, esqr., is appointed Adjutant-General of all the Con- tinental forces with the rank of colonel." ( Orders, General Headquarters, New York. ) .}uuei!U, 1776. " Jonathan Mifflin, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Mifflin." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) July 19, 1776. The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy adjutant-general for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken, Samuel Griffin, esq., was elected. Resolved, That Mr. Griffin, as deputy adjutant-general, have the rank of colonel. July 25, 1776. " Peter Gusdon, esqr., is appointed major of brigade to Brigadier- General Heard." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) July 28, 1776. "William Peck, esqr., who has for sometime past done the duty of brigadier major to General Spencer, is appointed to that office." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) August 7, 1776. "John Palsgrave Wyllys, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Wadsworth; Mark Hopkins, esqr., to General Fellows." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) August 9, 1776. "Nicholas Fish, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Scott." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) August 12, 1776. " Major Henly (for the present) is to do duty as brigade major in General James Clinton's brigade, Major Box in General Nixon's, Major Living- ston in Lord Stirling's, and Major Peck in General Parsons', and Richard Piatt, esqr., is to do duty of brigade major in General McDougall's." ( Orders, General Headquar- ters New York.) August 15, 1776. "Cant. Thomas Dyer to do the duty of brigade major to General Parsons' brigade till further orders." {Orders, < ieneral Headquarters, New York.) August 20, 1776. "Edward Tilghman, esqr., is appointed as an assistant brigade major to Lord Stirling, the duty of the whole division being too great for one officer." ( Orders, General Headquarters, New York. ) August 21, 1776. "Adjutant Taylor to do the duty of brigade major to General McDougall's brigade during Major Piatt's illness." {Orders, Gmend [Feadquarlers, New York.) August 31, 1776. " Ebenezer Gray is appointed hrigade major to General Par- sons." {Orders, General Ifrndquur'rrs, Sew York.) 56 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U S. ARMY. September 1, 1776. "Samuel Augustus Barker to act as major to the brigade under Colonel Douglass; Benjamin Talmadge, brigade major to Col. Chester." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York. ) September 4, 1776. Captain Howell, of the 2nd Jersey regiment, was appointed brigade major to the 3rd Brigade (Col. Stark's). (Orders, General Headquarters, Ticonderoga. ) September 6, 1776. "David Henley, esqr., is appointed depy. adjt. general until further orders, and immediately to repair to General Spencers' division to regulate the several returns and do the other duties of said office, extending his care to the division under General Heath." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) September 7, 1776. "Major Lee is desired to do the duty of brigade major in Major Henly's stead, till an appointment is made." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) September 9, 1776. "Mr. Adjutant Bradford to do the duty of brigade major to General Nixon's brigade during Major Box's illness." ( Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) September 10, 1776. "Major Scammell is appointed a temporary assistant to the Adjutant-General, and is to repair to General Heath's division." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) September 12, 1776. Congress then proceeded to the election of sundry officers; and the ballots being taken, * * * John Trumbull, esq., was elected deputy adjutant-general of the Army in the Northern Department. September 28, 1776. "Mr. Finn Wadsworth is appointed major of brigade to General Wadsworth." (Orders, General Headquarters, Harkm Heights.) October 7, 1776. " Capt. William Mc Williams, of the 3rd Virginia Regiment, is to do the duty of brigade major in Colonel Weedon's brigade till further notice." (Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.) October 9, 1776. "David Dexter, esqr., is appointed to act as brigade major to the brigade under Colonel Lippet." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights. ) October 11, 1776. " [Benjamin] Talmadge, esqr. , is appointed brigade major to Gen- eral Wadsworth." (Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.) October 17, 1776. "Daniel Lyman, esqr., is appointed major of brigade to General Fellows."' (Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.) October 21, 1776. i Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows: . . . To the . . . deputy adjutant-general, 6 rations, . . . October 26, 1776. "Capt. Ebenezer Huntington is to assist the Adjutant-General in regulating the duties and details of General Heath's division till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, White Plains. ) October 29, 1776. Alexander Scammell, esqr., appointed assistant to the adjutant- general for General Lee's division. (Orders, General Headquarters, White Plains.) November 19, 1776. Resolved, [that weekly returns of all rations issued or paid be made by the Commissary-General or his deputies] to the Adjutant-General or his deputies, to be by him inserted in the general returns of the Army, and transmitted to Congress monthly. January 13, 1777. "Till an Adjutant-General is appointed the duty of that office will be discharged by Colonel Weedon, who is obliging enough to undertake it pro tempore." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) January 17, 1777. "Lieut. Isaac Budd Dunn is appointed brigade major to General St. Clair." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) THE ADJUTANT-GENEEAL'S DEPARTMENT. 57 February W, 1777. Revolved, That the President write to General Gates ana inform him it is the earnest desire of Congress that he should resume the office of Adjutant-General, and that his present rank and pay shall be continued to him. February <2<2, 1777. Resolved, That Thomas Bullit, esq., deputy adjutant-general, have the rank of a colonel in the Continental establishment. March 1, 1777. "Isaac Budd Dunn, esqr., will do the duty of Adjutant-General pro tempore, and to be attended to accordingly." {Orders, General Headquarters, Mor- ristown. ) March 26, 1777. Ordered, That the President acquaint General Washington that Congress expect the office of Adjutant-General to be filled by a speedy appointment of a person of abilities and unsuspected attachment to these United States, and recommend Colonel William Lee to his con- sideration for this purpose. April J+, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the Adjutant-General be ordered to send monthly to the Board of War a copy of the abstracts [of all the musters, regimentally digested, and of the rations drawn or retained by the several regiments] which he received from the commissary -general of musters, together with an abstract of the returns of the Army. April 9, 1777. "Major Dunn being obliged to attend Major-General St. Clair to Philadelphia, to which place he is called by Congress, Lieut. Colonel Connor will be obliging enough to discharge the duty of Adjutant-General pro tempore." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) April 11, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the pay of brigade majors in the Conti- nental Army be raised to 50 dollars a month. April 19, 1777. Resolved, . . . That General Gates be empowered to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Northern Department. April /.'/, 1777. Deputy Adjutant-General Trumbull's resignation was accepted. May 11, 1777. "Benjamin Day, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Wood- ford, and Samuel Shaw, esqr.. is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-General Knox." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May hi, 1777. "William Johnson, escjr., formerly brigade major to General Lewis, 18 appointed to that duty in Brigadier-General Scott's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May U, 1777. Involved, . . . [A major-general and a brigadier-general not hav- ing the command of a separate department shall each be allowed forage for six horses for themselves,] their . . . brigade majors . . . 58 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. The Commander in Chief and the commander of any separate depart- ment shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for and during such times, as they shall think proper, ... to the Adjutant-General and his deputies, . . . : Provided always, That if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general orders here- after given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage, or back allowance, or any money in lieu thereof. May 16, 1777. "Francis Swain, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General Muhlenberg." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May 19, 1777. " Thomas Mullens, esqr. , is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General De Borre." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May 20, 1777. " Valentine Peers, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General Weedon." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) May 21, 1777. "Michael Ryan, esqr. (late brigade major to the garrison of Ticon- deroga and Fort Independence), is appointed to that duty in Brigadier-General Wayne's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May 26, 1777. "Peter Tarling, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General Conway." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May 27, 1777. Resolved, That if General Gates, before General Schuyler's arrival at Albany, shall have appointed a deputy adjutant-general, . . . for the Northern army, the said appointments be confirmed; if not, that General Schuyler be empowered to make these appointments. May 29, 1777. " Major Ryan, who has done the duty of the Adjutant-General for some days past, is now excused from that service. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.) June 2, 1777. "Until the arrival of Brigadier De Haas, the eldest officer in his brigade is to take the command, and John Harper, esqr., is appointed to thetluty of brigade major in that brigade till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) June 10, 1777. Resolved, . . . XXXIV. That no returns of rations drawn or returned by the several regiments be hereafter made by the . . . commissary-general of musters ... to the Adjutant-General, or by the Adjutant-General to the board of war, as directed in the regu- lations of the muster master general's department, passed by Congress the 4th day of April last. June 18, 1777 . "Timothy Pickering, esqr., is appointed Adjutant-General to the Continental Army. . . . The General begs Col. Connor to accept his thanks for his obliging and punctual discharge of the office for the time he has acted as such." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.) July 18, 1777. "Thomas Fosdick, esqr., was on the first instant appointed brigade major to Brigadier-General Glover." Roger Alden, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-General Huntington." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pompton Plains.) July 17, 1777. Resolved, That General Spencer be informed, in answer to his letter of the 20th of May, that Congress confirm the appointment by him of William Peck, esq., deputy adjutant-general to the militia and State troops of Rhode Island, kept in Continental pay. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 59 August 28, 1777. "Joseph Scott, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Muhlenberg, in the room of Major Swaine, resigned." (Orders, General Headquar- ters, Wilmington.) September 2, 1777. "Mathew Smith, esqr., is appointed deputy adjutant-general in the Continental Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Wilmington.) October 3, 1777. "Lewis Fleury, esqr., is appointed brigade major to the Count Pulaski, brigadier-general of the Light Dragoons." "Thomas Mullens, esqr., is to act as brigade major to General Conway till further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters at Wentz's, Worcester I'ownship.) October 6, 1777. "Thomas Mullens, esqr., appointed the 3rd instant to act as brigade major to General Conway, is now, for his gallant behavior on the 4th instant, appointed brigade major to General Conway." (Orders, General Headquarters, Perkiomy. ) October 11, 1777. "Capt. Paul Parker, of Colonel Hartley's regiment, is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in General Wayne's brigade till further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters, Torramensing.) October 14, 1777. "Lyman Hitchcock, esqr., is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the 2nd Maryland Brigade, late De Borre's." "Mr. John Lawson, adjutant to the Prince William Militia, is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the brigade of militia under the command of Colonel Crawford." "Richard Emory, esq., is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the First Maryland Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Towamensing.) October 26, 1777. "Captain Thomas Patterson, of Col. Dayton's regiment, is ap- pointed brigade major (pro tempore) fur General Maxwell's brigade." (Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, Whit pain. ) October 20, 1777. " Capt. McGowen is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the brigade, late De Haas's." (Orders, General Headquarters, Whilpain Township.) November 6, 1777. Colonel James Wilkinson, Adjutant-General of Northern Army, being strongly recommended by General Gates as a "gallant officer and a promising military genius," was, in consideration of his services in that department, given the brevet of brigadier-general. November 18, 1777. "Richard Claiborne, esq., is appointed brigade major to Gen- eral Weedon's brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, White Marsh.) December 26, 1777. Henry McCormick, esq., appointed brigade major to the Pennsylvania brigade. ( Orders, General Hdqrs. ) No place given. January 2, 1778. Adjutant Marvin, appointed brigade major pro tern, to Gen. Varn urn's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters.) No place given. January 5, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of an adjutant-general in the room of Colonel Pickering, who is called to the board of war, and, the ballots being taken, Colonel Alexander Scammel was unanimously elected. January 8, 1778. John Berrien, appointed brigade major to the North Carolina brigade. ( Orders, General. Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) January 12, 1778. Lieut. Stagg. of Colonel Malcolm's regiment, appointed brigade major pro tem. in the brigade late General Conway's. (Orders, General Head- quarters, Valley Forge.) January 13, 1778. Unsolved, . . . That ... a deputy adjutant-general . . . be appointed to act pro tempore for the troops aforesaid [from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, con- stantly employed in Rhode Island for the defense of the State and of the Providence Plantations]; that the . . . deputy adjutant- general ... be appointed by the officer commanding at the post [Providence]; and that each . . . take the oath of fidelity and office. . . . February 26, 1778. Captain Duval and Adjutant Haskell, appointed to act as brigade majors in General Mcintosh's and (icneral Patterson's brigades, respectively, till the return of Brigade Majors McCtare ;mcl Berrien. (Orders, General J/radqimr- ters, Valley Forge.) 60 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. March 22, 1778. Captain T. Seely, appointed brigade major in the 2nd Penn. brigade, vice Brigade Major McGowan. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) March 25, 1778. Mr. Fanski, adjutant in General Huntington's brigade, appointed to duty as brigade major in the absence of Brigade Major Alden. (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) March 29, 1778. Captain Walker, of Colonel Livingston's regiment, appointed brigade major pro tem. in General Poor's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) April 14, 1778. Lieut. McLinney to act as brigade major in the late Conway's brigade till Major Stagg returned. April 26, 1778. Elihu Marshall, adjutant 2nd N. Y. Regiment, appointed to act as brigade major in Gen. Poor's brigade until further orders. (Orders, General Head- quarters, Valley Forge. ) May 5, 1778. Aaron Ogden, esqr., appointed brigade major in Gen. Maxwell's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) May U, 1778. Resolved, That a deputy adjutant-general be appointed for the army in the Northern Department under the command of General Gates. The ballots being taken, Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Troup was elected. May 21, 1778. Mr. Vowles, adjutant 7th Va. Regiment, appointed as brigade major in General Woodford's brigade. (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) May W, 1778. Resolved, That the brigade major be appointed, as heretofore, by the Commander in Chief or commander in a separate department, out of the captains in the brigade to which he shall be appointed. * * * Resolved, That in addition to their pay in the line there be allowed to ... a brigade major 24 dollars. . . . Resolved, . . . The present . . . brigade majors to receive their present pay and rations. Resolved, That . . . brigade majors . . . shall hold their present ranks, and be admissible into the line again in the same rank they held when taken from the line; provided, that no . . . bri- gade major . . . shall have the command of any officers who commanded him while in the line. Resolved, That whenever the Adjutant-General shall be appointed from the line he may continue to hold his rank and commission in the line. June <2, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy adjutant-general in the Northern Department in the room of Lieutenant-Colonel Troup, who declines and whose commission is returned by General Gates; and the ballots being taken, William Malcolm was elected. June 14, 1778. "On the march Lieut. Colonel Fleury will be attached to General Lee's division; Lieut. Colonel Davies to General Stirling's; Lieut. Colonel Barber to General Mifflin's; Major Ternant to General de La Fayette's; Lieut. Colonel Brooks to General De Kalb's; and, as they will not be employed on the march in exercising or maneuvering the troops, they are to fill the office of adjutant-general, each in his respective division." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forg<-.) June 15, 1778. Captain Smith, brigade inspector in General Varnum's brigade, was also appointed brigade major in the same, doing duty in both capacities. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 61 June 19, 1778. Resolved, That Colonel William Malcolm, deputy adjutant-general in the Arm v. now under command of Major-General Gates, be per- mitted to hold his rank in the Army and his regiment, if the same shall be kept up in the new arrangement now making. November 17, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy adjutant-general . . . for the troops in the Southern Department; and the ballots being taken, Captain Edmund Hyrne was elected deputy adjutant-general . . . for the troops in the Southern Department, they having been previ- ously nominated by the Delegates of South Carolina. JitiDHirii 8, 1779. "Lieutenant Robert Porterfield, of the 7th Virginia Regiment, is to do the duty of brigade major till further orders in General Woodford's brigade, Brigade Major Porterfield being absent." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.) February 18, 1779. Resolved, . . . that the office of brigade inspector shall in future be annexed to that of major of brigade. Mmj /.{, 1779. "Major Cabell is appointed brigade major and inspector to Gen- eral .Muhlenberg's brigade and Major Croghan to General Woodford's." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) May 17, 1779. Resolved, That the Adjutant-General of the Army of the United States be allowed the same rations as a brigadier-general. That he be permitted to engage two assistants and one clerk, the assistants to be taken from the line, and both they and the clerk to be approved of by the Commander in Chief. That each assistant be allowed such an addition to his appointments as an officer of the line as shall make the same equal to those of a lieutenant-colonel. That the clerk be taken from the subalterns or volunteers in the Army, and allowed pay and subsistence equal in the whole to those of a captain. May 24, 1779. "Capt. Nicholas Gilman, of the 3rd New Hampshire Regiment, from the 15th of January, 1778, and Capt. John Singer Dexter, of the 1st Rim' It- Island Regiment, from the 1st of May following, are appointed assistants to the Adjutant-General." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.) ./inie 12, 1779. "Capt. Alexander, entitled to a majority, is appointed brigade major to the 1st, and Capt. Moore, also entitled to a majority. Is appointed brigade major to the 2nd Pennsylvania brigades." (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern. ) the 1st djutant- General during said time" [temporary absence of the Adjutant-General with the Commander in Chief]. (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.) 62 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. June M, 1779. Resolved, That majors, in consideration of their extra duty, acting as . . . majors of brigade, receive $44 per month, in addition to their regimental pay. * * * Resolved, That the Adjutant-General, for the time being, be also assistant inspector-general. June 24, 1779. "Capt. Henry Hardman, of the 7th Maryland Regiment, entitled to a majority, is appointed brigade major to the 2nd Maryland Brigade." (Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 1, 1779. "Henry McCormick, esq., late brigade major to the 1st Penna. Brigade is appointed to do the duties of brigade major and brigade inspector to the light corps under Brig. General Wayne." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 8, 1779. "Major Oliver, of the Massachusetts line, is appointed major of brigade to Gen'l Nixon's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.) July 13, 1779. "Capt. Selman, of the 4th Maryland Regiment, is appointed to the duty of brigade major in the 2nd Maryland Brigade till further orders, vice Capt. Hardman, who declines that duty at present." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 25, 1779. "Lt. Col. Brooks, a subinspector in the Army, is to be considered as deputy adjutant-general in the garrison at West Point and its dependencies." "Major Andrew Peters, of Col. Bailey's regiment, is appointed brigade major, etc., in the 4th Massachusetts (commonly called Late Learned's) Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House. ) July SI, 1779. "John Davidson, esq., of the 2nd Maryland Regiment, and eldest capt. in the Maryland Brigade is appointed brigade major to the same till further orders, vice Ca^t. Selman, whose ill state of health prevents his doing that duty." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.) August 2, 1779. "Capt. John Doughty, of the Corps of Artillery, is appointed brigade major to the same till further orders. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House. ) November 5, 1779. "Major Scott, of the New Hampshire line, is appointed brigade major to Gen'l Poor's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' s House.) December 24, 1779. " Major Church, of the 4th Pennsylvania Reg't, is appointed brigade major and inspector to Gen'l Hand's Brigade." (Orders, General Headquar- ters, Morristown.) December 25, 1779. "The Adjutant-General having leave of absence Col. Williams is appointed to perform the duties of the office until his return." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) January 1, 1780. "Capt. Brice, of the 3rd Maryland Regiment, is appointedbrigade major and brigade inspector of the 1st Maryland Brigade till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) April 11, 1780. "Colonel Scammell, having returned, will resume the duties of his office. The Commander in Chief requests Col. Williams to accept his thanks for the attention, assiduity, and propriety with which he has conducted the office in the absence of Col. Scammell." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristonm.) June U, 1780. Resolved, . . . That Major-General Gates be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general . . . [for the Southern army]. July 12, 1780. "Capt. McGowan is to do the duty of brigade major in Gen'l Hand's Brigade till Lieutenant-Colonel Command' t Butler's health permits him to join his regiment." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.) July 15, 1780. Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 68 by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sepa- rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag- gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to-wit: * * * Adjutant-General and assistants ... 1 covered 1-horse wagon. Deputy adjutant-general with a separate army ... 1 2-horse wagon. :< * * Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations, there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . . . Adjutant-General and his family, including what he may draw in the line, seven deputy adjutants-general for a separate army, three including what he may draw in the line . . . July 20,1780. "Captain Ogden of the Jersey Brigade is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the same until the return of Major Ross. ' ' ( Orders, General Head- quarters, Pracaness. ) September 16, 1780. " Major James Moore is appointed brigade major ... to the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade from the 21st of July last." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Steenrapia. ) September 25, 1780. Resolved, . . . There shall be one assistant inspector-general with the main army, who shall be adjutant-general for the time being, and shall receive in addition to his pay $10 per month; and one to every separate army, when consisting of two or more divisions, who shall be the deputy adjutant-general, and shall receive in addition to his pay $8 per month. * * * The assistant inspectors-general shall assist in the general duties of the department . . . and they shall nevertheless continue to per- form their duties of adjutant and deputy adjutant-general. The inspectors shall attend to the execution of the regulations estab- lished for the Army in their respective divisions ... at all times performing the dut}* of adjutant-general to the same; and when a detachment of more than one division is sent from the Army the eldest inspector of the marching troops shall act as adjutant-general to the detachment. The subinspectors shall do the duty of majors of brigade to the brigades to which they belong . November 11, 1780. " Captain Converse is to do the duty of brigade major . . . to the I'd ( 'onnecticut Brigade in the absence of Major Wood bridge." (Orders, Gen- > i-nl J/ifidquurters, Fotowa/) November 28, 1780. < h-drred, That . . .. the Adjutant-General, ... be sup- plied with the journals of Congress. December k, 1780. Resolved, That instead of the additional pay allowed to officers in the inspector's department by the resolution of Congress of the w 25th of September last, the following sums be allowed, viz: To the Adjutant -General, as assistant inspector, 35 dollars per month. 64 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 8, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of Adjutant-General, and, the ballots being taken, Brigadier-General Hand was elected. January 12, 1781. Resolved, That the additional pay of . . . brigade majors,- . . . agreeably to the act of 27th May, 1778, be considered as fixed in specie; and that the same, from and after the 18th day of August last, be drawn in bills of the new emission. July 14, 1781. "Captain Robert Pemberton [is] appointed assistant adjutant- general, vice Dexter, promoted, and joined his regiment." {Orders, General Head- quarters near Dobbs Ferry. ) August 19, 1781. "Lieut. Col. Grosvenor is appointed to the duty of deputy adjutant-general of the troops placed under the immediate command of Major- General Heath." {Orders, General Headquarters near Dobbs Ferry.) October 2, 1781. "Capt. John Carlisle, of Genl. Hazen's regt., is appointed an assistant to the Adjutant-General." {Orders, General Headquarters before York.) Jiiue 28, 1782. Resolved, That so much of the resolution of Congress of the 27th day of May, 1778, as relates to additional pay given to captains . . . acting as . . . brigade majors be, and is hereby, repealed. Resolved, That there shall be such additional pay and emoluments to the pay of captains . . . serving as . . . brigade majors as shall make their pay and emoluments equal to the pay and emoluments of a major in the line of the Army. August 1, 1782. Resolved, That the Adjutant-General be appointed by Congress from the general officers, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, commandants, or lieutenant-colonels in the Army; his pay shall be 125 dollars per month; he shall receive four rations per daj^, and 25 dollars per month sub- sistence. The Adjutant-General shall also be allowed forage for four riding horses, and be furnished with two four-horse and one two-horse covered wagons for the transportation of his official papers, his own, his assistants', and clerk's baggage. He shall have two assistants and one clerk, to be appointed by himself, and approved of by the Com- mander in Chief. The assistants shall be majors or captains in the Army. The pay of each shall be 50 dollars per month, one ration and a half per day, 8 dollars per month for subsistence, and forage for two riding horses. The assistants shall be allowed each 6f dollars per month for servant's wages and the clothing and rations allowed to a private soldier. The , clerk shall be a subaltern or volunteer in the Army; his pay shall be 40 dollars per month; he shall draw one ration per day, and receive 6 dollars per month subsistence. That there be as many deputies adjutant-general of the rank of field officers as there may be separate armies in the United States that con- sist of one or more divisions, to be appointed occasionally by the commanding officer of such army, whose name shall be returned to the Commander in Chief for his approbation. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 65 That the deputy adjutants-general shall each receive 75 dollars per month pay, two rations per day, and 12f dollars per month subsistence, forage for three riding horses, one four-horse and one two-horse cov- ered wagons, for the transportation of their official papers, their own and assistants' baggage. The deputy adjutants-general shall each appoint one assistant of the rank of major or captain, who shall be approved of by the command- ing officer under whom they serve. The assistants appointed and approved as aforesaid shall each receive the same pay and allowances as are given above to an assistant of the Adjutant-General. That there be one major of brigade to each brigade in the armies of the United States, whether of cavalry, artillery, or infantry, who shall be appointed by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate arnry as occasion may require, upon the recommendation of the Adjutant-General or deputy adjutant-general, as the oase may be, and thev shall each receive the same pay and allowances as is given to the assistants of the Adjutant -General by the foregoing resolutions. That the provisions nereby made for the respective officers afore- said shall be in full compensation for their services, and of all pay and allowances to which the3 r may be entitled from their rank in the Army. These regulations shall take effect on the first day of January next, and from thenceforth that all acts, resolutions, pay, and appointments heretofore made in anywise respecting the Department of Adjutant- General and brigade majors shall cease, and are hereby repealed. August 27, 1782. "The Adjutant-General, having agreed to spare Capt. Carlisle, of Hazen's Regt., one of his assistants, to do the duty of brigade major to the corps of light infantry, he will immediately enter on that service." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Newburgh. ) October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers: . * * * Adjutant General, two covered four-horse wagons; for the baggage of his assistant, clerks, and official papers, one two-horse wagon. * * * That there be allowed for saddle horses: * * * Adjutant-General 4 rations. Deputy with a separate army 3 do. Each assistant 2 do. * * * November 22, 1782. "Capt. Jeremiah Fogg, of the 2nd New Hampshire Regt., is appointed brigade major of the New Hampsnire Brigade from the 11th instant, vice (apt. Robinson." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) December 31, 1782. Resolved, That Brigadier-General Hand be, and he is hereby, con- tinued in the office of Adjutant-General. Junuanf 9, 1783. "Captain Richard Cox, of the 1st Jersey Regiment, is continued in the office of major of Brigade to the Jersey Brigade; "Captain Benjamin Hicks, of the 1st New York Regiment, to the New York Brigade; S. Doc. 229 5 66 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ' "Captain Nathaniel Cushing, of the 1st Massachusetts Regiment, to the 1st Massachusetts Brigade; "Captain Abraham Williams, of the 2d Massachusetts Regiment, to the 2d Massa- chusetts Brigade; "Captain J. K. Smith, of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, to the 3d Massachusetts Brigade, and "Captain Jeremiah Fogg, of the 2d New Hampshire Regiment, to the (New) Hampshire Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) January 12, 1783. "Captain J, Walker, of the 3rd Connecticut Regt., is continued in the office of major of brigade to the Connecticut Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) January 14, 1783. "Captain John Carlisle, of General Hazen's Regt., is appointee! asst. adjutant-general, to take place with the new arrangement." {Orders, General Headquartei-s, Newburgh. ) March 1, 1783. "Captain Aaron Ogden is appointed major of brigade to the Jer- sey Brigade, vice Cox promoted January 6th, 1783. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) April 8, 1783. "Captain Simeon Lord (late of the 20ih Massachusetts Regiment) is appointed assistant adjutant-general, * * * his appointment to have effect from the first day of February last." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) October 31, 1783. Secretary of War reported that the following accepted the com- mutation of five years' pay in lieu of half pay for life: Adjutant-General and family, Brigadier-General Clinton. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1791 {1 Stats., eace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one adjutant and inspector of the Army, 1 to be taken from the line of field officers. . . . 1 Under this act the offices of Adjutant-General and Inspector-General were united. 70 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... To the adjutant and inspector of the Avmy, thirty- eight dollars in addition to his pay in the line. . . . Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations; a major, four rations, ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said officers ... at the posts respectively when the rations shall become due; and if at such posts supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in ques- tion; . . . and to every commissioned officer who shall keep one servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration. Act of April 1<2, 1808 {2 Stats., 1,81). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for their advice and consent. Sec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States or some one of the Territories thereof. Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . five brigadier-gen- erals, each of whom shall be allowed a brigade major, . . . to be taken from the captains and subalterns of the line; and there shall also be appointed one Adjutant-General, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general. The said Adjutant-General shall be allowed one or more assistants, not exceeding three, to be taken from the line of the Army, with the same pay and emoluments as by this act are allowed to a lieutenant-colonel. Sec. 5. That when an officer is detached to serve ... as an assistant to the Adjutant-General ... on the appointment of a general officer ... he shall not thereby lose his rank. Sec. 6. . . . The brigadier-generals, respectively, shall be entitled to one hundred and four dollars monthly pay, twelve rations per day, and sixteen dollars per month for forage when not found by the public. * * * Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer who may be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 71 Act of May 16, 1812 (2 Stats., 735). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 4. That each brigade major provided b\ r law shall be allowed twenty-four dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line. * * * Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 782). AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States. That ... to the brigade majors, under the act passed January the eleventh, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, there shall be allowed for forage for one horse, or in lieu thereof ten dollars per month. . . . Act of July 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 78/+). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. [Authorizes the President to appoint two additional brigadier-gen- erals] who shall each be entitled to the same number of . . . brigade majors as are allowed to a brigadier-general under the act of Congress passed the eleventh of January, one thousand eight hundred and twelve. And the said . . . brigade majors shall be entitled to receive the same pay and emoluments as are by law allowed to officers of the same grade. Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the Adjutant-General . . . shall serve, it shall be lawful for tho President to appoint one deputy adjutant-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall each, in addi- tion to his pay and other emoluments, be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in ull compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be to each of the foregoing deputies such number of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the pub- lic service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall each be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in full com- Sensation for his extra services: And provided oho, That the Presi- ent of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting, for their advice and consent. Sec. 3. That all letters and packages to and from the Adjutant-Gen- eral . . . shall be free from postage. * * * Act of February 24, 1813 (2 Stats., 801). AN ACT making provision for an additional Dumber of general officers. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint . . . six brigadier-generals, who shall be allowed a brigade major . . . , to be taken also from the officers of the line. Sec. 2. That the officers authorized by this act shall receive the sa pay. forage, rations, and other emoluments as the officers of the same grade of the present military establishment. 72 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Arrnv of the United States. That the Adjutant-General's . . . departments shall consist of the following officers: That is to sa} r , an Adjutant and Inspector Gen- eral, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general, and not exceeding eight adjutants-general, sixteen assistant adjutants- general, . . . Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby, authorized, if he shall deem it expedient, to assign one of the briga- diers-general to the principal Army of the United States, who shall in such case act as Adjutant and Inspector General and as chief of the staff of such Army. . . . Sec. 3. That all the other adjutants-general shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry. The assistant adjutants-general . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. . . . Sec. 4. That the assistant adjutants-general . . . shall be taken from line. The adjutants-general . . . may be taken from the line or not, as the President may deem expedient. . . . * * * Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the adjutant and inspector general, adjutants-general, . . . which relate to their official duties, shall be free from postage. May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, with- out material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. * * * One adjutant and inspector general and two adjutant-generals, to be provisionally retained. * * * (General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff, and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff, be, and the same are hereby, so far as established, that the general staff shall in future consist of one adjutant and inspector general of the Army and one adjutant-general. Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 5. That there shall be one major-general, with two aids de-camp, two brigadier-generals, each with one aid-de-camp; and that the aids- THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT 73 de-camp be taken from the subalterns of the line, and, in addition to their other duties, shall perform the duties of assistant adjutant- general. Sec. 6. That there shall be one adjutant-general, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry. Act of March 2, 1827 (4. Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. * * * Sec. 4. That . . . the Adjutant-General, ... be author- ized to frank, and to receive letters and packets by post free of post- age. . . . Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). A N ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint so many assistant adjutants-general, not exceeding two, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a major, and not exceeding four, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry, as he may deem necessary ; and that they shall be taken from the line of the Army, and in addition to their own, per- form the duties of assistant inspectors-general when the circumstances of the service may require. Sec. 8. That the officers to be taken from the line and transferred to the staff, under the last preceding section, shall receive only the pay and emoluments attached to their rank in the staff, but their transfer shall be without prejudice to their rank and promotion in the line, according to their said rank and seniority; which promotion shall take place according to usage, and in the same manner as if they had not tli us been transferred. Act of March 3, 1839 (5 Stats., 352). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act regulating the pay and emoluments of brevet officers," passed April 16, 1818. That from and after the passing of this act the act entitled "An net regulating the pay and emoluments of brevet officers," approved April sixteenth, eignteen hundred and eighteen, be, and the same shall be, BO construed as to include the case of the Adjutant-General of the United States. Act of June 18, 181$ (9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act to provide for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,." and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized to appoint as many additional assistant adjutant-generals, 74 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. not exceeding four, as the service may require, who shall be appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in the same manner, have the same brevet rank, pay, and emoluments, and be charged with the same duties, as those now authorized by law: Provided, That these additional appointments shall continue only so long as the exigencies of the service may render necessaiy. Act of March 3, 18Jfl {9 Stats., 184). AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general offices, and for other purposes. Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Adjutant-General's Depart- ment one assistantadjutant-general, with the rank, pay, arid emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalrj 7 , and two assistant adjutants-general, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in the same manner and be charged with the same duties as those authorized b} r existing laws. * * * Sec. 20. That the provisions of the sixth section of the act entitled "An act respecting the organization of the Army," etc., approved August twenty-third, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, which allow additional rations to certain officers of the Army, be, and the same are hereby, so extended as to embrace the . . . Adjutant- General of the Army from the date of the act. * * * Sec. 22. That all the officers appointed . . . under this act shall be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico. . . . Act of My 19, 1848 (9 Stats., &7). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes. Sec. 3. That so much of . . . the act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty -seven, as requires the discharge at the close of the war with Mexico of an assistant adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, etc., of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and two assist- ant adjutants-general, with the brevet rank, pay, etc., of a captain of cavalry, as authorized by the second section of the said act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be tilled up until further author ized by law. . . . THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 75 Act of March 2, 181,9 (9 Stats, 351). AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff, and for an additional number of chaplains of the Army of the United States. Sec. 4. . . . that so much of the proviso to the third section of the act approved July nineteenth, eighteen hundred and forty-eight, as relates to officers of the Adjutant-General's Department be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and disabled soldiers of the Army of the United States. Sec. 2. That . . . the Adjutant-General shall be, ex officio, commissioners of the same. . . . August 31, 1852 (10-105). Sec. 15. Adjutant-General Roger Jones to be allowed the pay, etc., of his commission as Adjutant-General from the date of the reduction of the Army in 1821, until March 7, 1825, when he was restored to his rank in the staff. Act of July 22, 1861 (12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property. Sec. 3. . . . each division shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of major. Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of captain. . . . Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. Sec. 2. . . . That hereafter the Adjutant-General's Department shall consist of the following officers, namely: One adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; two assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; four assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a major of cavalry; and twelve assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, itiid emoluments each of a captain oi cavalry; . . . and to be taken from the line of the Army, either ot the volunteers or Regular Army. 76 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 594). AN ACT to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 22. That there shall be added to the Adjutant-General's Depart- ment by regular promotion of its present officers, one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, and nine majors; and that the grade of captain in said department shall thereafter be abolished, and all vacancies occur- ring in the grade of major shall be filled by selections from among the captains of the Army. Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eight, sev- enteen hundred and ninety-five, and the act amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That each army corps shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general, . . . who shall bear . . . the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volunteer force by the President. . . . March 11, 1864 (13 Stats., 20). AN ACT to establish a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United States. * * * Sec. 11. That it shall be the duty of the commander of the army corps to transmit to the Adjutant-General the names and rank of all officers and enlisted men detailed for service in the ambulance corps of such army corps, stating the organizations from which they may have been so detailed; and if such officers and men belong to volunteer organizations the Adjutant-General shall thereupon notify the gov- ernors of the several States in which such organizations were raised of their detail for such service; and it shall be the duty of the com- mander of the army corps to report to the Adjutant-General from time to time the conduct and behavior of the officers and enlisted men of the ambulance corps, and the Adjutant-General shall forward cop- ies of such reports, so far as they relate to officers and enlisted men of volunteer organizations, to the governors of the States in which such organizations were raised. Act of July 28, 1866 (14 Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 10. That the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of the officers now authorized by law, viz: One Adjutant-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier- THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 77 general; two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emol- uments of colonels of cavalry; four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; and thirteen assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of majors of cavalry. * * * Sec. 23. That the adjutants-general . . . shall hereafter be ap- pointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. . . . Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the Adjutant-General's Depart- ment. . . . Resolution, of April 10, 1869 (16 Stats., 53). ' JOINT RESOLUTION concerning vacancies in the Adjutant-General's Department. That the vacancies existing in the Adjutant-General's Department at the time of the passage of the act approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, "making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," be, and the same is hereby, exempted from the operation of said act. June 10, 1872 (17-347). The unfinished business of the Bureau of Refugees, Freed- men, etc., was turned over to the Adjutant-General July 1, 1872, who exercised con- trol until January 1, 1879, when the Bureau was ordered closed and all papers relating to payment of bounties, etc., to be turned over to the Paymaster-General. It was finally closed in the Adjutant-General's Office June 30, 1879. Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 578). AN ACT to amend an act entitled " An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine. That the sixth section of an act entitled "An act making appropria- tions for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy," approved March third, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-nine, is so far modified as to authorize and permit the President of the United States to nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint one assistant adjutant- general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major in the said department. Act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 4-78). AN ACT to reduce and fix the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army. That the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Adjutant-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments 78 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. of a brigadier-general; two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels; four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels; and ten assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors. Sec. 2. That so much of section six of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur- poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the Adjutant-General's Department, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. March 8, 1875 {18-515). Maj. N. H. McLean, late of the Army, to be appointed to first vacancy in lowest grade of the Adjutant-General's Department, or be reinstated and retired with rank to which he would have attained at the date of this act. [Major McLean was appointed lieutenant-colonel and assistant adjutant-general March 18, 1875, to rank from March 3, and was retired March 18, to date from March 3.] REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * An Adjutant-General's Department. * * * Sec. 1128. The Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall consist of one Adjutant-General, with the rank of brigadier-general; two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; and thirteen assistant adjutants-general, with the rank of major of cavalry. Sec. 1129. All vacancies in the grade of major in the Adjutant- General's Department shall, when filled, be filled by selection from captains of the Army. Sec. 1130. Assistant adjutants-general shall, in addition to their own duties, perform those of assistant inspectors-general when the con- venience of the service requires them to do so. * * * Sec. 1193. The adjutants-general, . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the departments of Adjutant- General. ... * * * Sec. 1647. Each division [of militia called into service] shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major. Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general witn the rank of captain, . * * * Sec. 4815. The . . . Adjutant-General shall constitute a board of commissioners for the Soldiers' Home. June 20, 1878 (20-206). Expenses of collection and disbursement of bounty, etc., to colored soldiers, to be disbursed under direction of the Adjutant-General. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 79 STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 56 '4). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That tho board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . the Adjutant-General, . . . # * Act ofFel/ruary 28, 1887 (2J+ Stats., P %). A \ ACT to effect a rearrangement of grades of office in the Adjutant-General's De- partment of the Army. That tho Adjutant- General's Department of the Army shall consist of one Adjutant- General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of brig- adier-general; four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonel; six assistant adjuntants-general, with the rank, pa} T , and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel; and six assistant adjutants- general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of major: Provided, That the vacancies in the grade of colonel and lieutenant-colonel created by this act shall be filled by the promotion by seniority of the officers now in the Adjutant-General's Department. Act of August 6, 1891,. (28 Stats., 233). AX ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. * * * FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. Adjutant-General's Department: . . . J^avtded. That there shall be no appointment of assistant adjutant-general with the rank of major until the number of such officers in that grade shall be reduced below four and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be fixed at four, and hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the Adjutant-General's, . . . Department, respec- tively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment ol the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall con- sist of one assistant adjutant-general, . . . who shall have, . . . the rank of lieutenant colonel; one assistant adjutant-general, who shall have the rank of captain. . . . The stuff of the commander of a division shall consist of one assistant adjutant-general, . . . who shall have, . . . the rank of major. . . . The staff of the com- mander of a brigade shall consist of one assistant adjutant-general, . . . with the lank of captain. 80 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of May 18, 1898 (30 Stats., 419). AN ACT to provide for the increased volume of work in the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army, due to the calling out of volunteers and the increase of the Regular Army. That the President is authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of colonel, and one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of major: Provided, That the vacancy created in the grade of colonel by this act shall be filled by the promotion of officers now in the Adjutant-Gen- eral's Department according to seniority, and that upon the mustering out of the volunteer forces and the reduction of the Regular Army to a peace basis no appointments shall be made in the Adjutant-General's Department until the number of officers in each grade in that depart- ment shall be reduced to the number authorized by the law in force prior to the passage of this act. J. R., June 29, 1898 (30-749). Prohibition of purchase of books and periodicals by act of March 15, 1898, and limitation, in section 1179, Revised Statutes, of amount to be expended not to apply to the Military Information Division of the Adjutant- General's Office. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 :een designated as inspector to the troops remaining in service, acted as Adjutant and Inspector to October 28, 1787. 'Colonel Sargent declined the appointment, assigning as a reason that the office was not attended with sufficient rank. 85 86 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Feb. 27,1796. Maj. Jonathan Haskell, Fourth Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant-General and Inspector. Aug. 1, 1796. Capt. Edward Butler, Fourth Sublegion (Pennsylvania), Acting Adju- tant-General and Inspector. Feb. 27, 1797. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, ' First Infantry (Massachusetts), Inspector and Adjutant-General. July 18, 1798. Maj. Gen. Alexander Hamilton (New York), Inspector-General. Mar. 26,1802. Maj. Thomas H. Cushing, 2 First Infantry (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector. Apr. 2, 1807. Maj. Abimael Y. Nicoll, of the Artillerists (New York). July 6, 1812. Col. Alexander Smyth, Rifle Regiment, Inspector-General. Mar. 12, 1813. Brig. Gen. Zebulon M. Pike 3 (New York), Adjutant and Inspector- General. May 9, 1814. Brig. Gen. William H. Winder (Maryland), Adjutant and Inspector- General. Nov. 22, 1814. Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector- General. Apr. 29, 1816. Col. John E. Wool (New York). Oct. 1, 1820. Col. James Gadsden (South Carolina). Nov. 10, 1821. CoLSamuel B. Archer (Virginia). Dec. 21, 1825. Col. George Croghan (Kentucky). Jan. 8, 1849. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Feb. 23, 1847) Sylvester Churchill (Vermont). Aug. 9, 1861. Col. (Brig. Gen., Dec. 12, 1878) Randolph B. Marcy (Massachusetts) . Jan. 2, 1881. Brig. Gen. Delos B. Sackett (New York). Mar. 11, 1885. Brig. Gen. Nelson H. Davis (Massachusetts). Sept. 20, 1885. Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird (Pennsylvania). Aug. 20,1888. Brig. Gen. Roger Jones ( District of Columbia) . Jan. 30,1889. Brig. Gen. Joseph C. Breckinridge (Kentucky). J The act of March 3, 1797, permitted the Brigadier-General (General in Chief) to select his inspector from the line of the Army. Major Cushing, not having relin- guished his rank in the infantry on being appointed inspector, was selected by Gen- eral Wilkinson, and continued to perform the duties of Inspector and Adjutant until May 22, 1798. 2 The act of May 14, 1800, discontinued the office of Inspector-General, and the duties of Adjutant and Inspector were performed, under detail, by Major Cushing (whonesided in Washington) from June 15, 1800, to April 2, 1807. "General Pike was killed, after the capture of York, Upper Canada, by the explo- sion of a magazine, April 27, 1813. From this time until May 14, 1814, the office remained vacant, the act of March 3, 1813, having been construed to the effect that there could be but one Adjutant and Inspector General, who must either be an offi- cer appointed and confirmed to that office or else a brigadier-general especially designated by the President to perform the functions. The affairs of the office were meanwhile administered bv Maj. C. K. Gardner, Assistant Adjutant-General, until December 30, 1813, and from that date to May 28, 1814, by Col. J. De B. Walbach, who was relieved at that date by Maj. John R. Bell, Assistant Inspector. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. April 18, 1777. In the absence of a regular inspector, Congress requested General Armstrong to inspect the magazines of provisions under the care of Commissary Wharton. July 8, 1777. Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Mottin de la Balme be appointed inspector-general of the cavalry of the United States of America, with the tank and pay of colonel. That Mons. Vallenais be appointed an aid to Mons. de la Balme, with the rank and pay of a captain of cavalry. July 16, 1777. Messrs. Hey ward, J. Adams, and Lovell were appointed a commit- tee to confer with Mr. du Coudray, and inform him that while Congress can not com- ply with the agreement he has entered into with Mr. Deane, yet, sensible of the services he has rendered the United States and having a favorable opinion of his . merit and abilities, they will cheerfully give him such rank and appointments as shall not lje inconsistent with the honor and safety of the States or interfere with the great duties they owe to their constituents. August 11, 1777. Resolved, That Mons. du Coudray be appointed inspector-general of ordnance and military manufactories, with the rank of major-general. Resolved, That a committee of four be appointed to define the powers to be granted to and exercised by Mons. du Coudray. The members chosen, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Duane, Mr. Heyward, and Mr. S. Adams. October 11, 1777. Colonel de la Balme resigned. December 13, 1777. Resolved, As the opinion of this Congress, that it is essential to the promotion of discipline in the American Army, and to the reformation of the various abuses which prevail in the different departments, that an appointment be made of inspectors-general, agreeable to the practice of the best disciplined European armies. Resolved, That this appointment be conferred on experienced and vigilant general officers, who are acquainted with whatever relates to the general economy, manceuvers, and discipline of a well-regulated army. Resolved, That the duties of these officers be as follows: To review, from time to time, the troops, and to see that every officer and soldier be instructed in the exercise :md manoeuvers which, may be established by the board of war, that the rules of discipline be strictly observed, and that the officers command their Soldiers properly and do them justice. 88 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved, That the inspectors-general, respectively, shall give notice to the commanders of regiments of the time which shall be fixed on for such reviews, who are to prepare the following returns, models of which are previously to be furnished by the inspector, viz: A return of clothing. A return of arms and accoutrements. A return of recruits, with an account of the money laid out for that purpose. A return of the number and names of the wounded men, distinguish- ing such as are fit for the corps of invalids and such as are totally unfit for service. A return of the loss sustained in the regiment by death, desertion, or otherwise. A return of the pay and rations drawn by each regiment. A return of all the officers of each regiment, with observations upon the behavior, capacity, and assiduity of every individual. All the returns, when signed by the field officers of each regiment, are to be carefully scrutinized by the Inspector-General, who, after having made and added his remarks upon the same, is to sign and transmit them to Congress. Resolved, That the inspectors-general shall make these reviews in the beginning and at the latter end of every campaign, and at such other times as the Commander in Chief shall direct, or as they themselves shall severally judge proper, or shall receive orders for that purpose from the board of war, first giving notice thereof to the Commander in Chief, and obtaining his leave for reviewing the said troops. Resolved, That the inspectors-general, respectively, shall make this review minutely, man by man, attending to the complaints and repre- sentations of both soldier and officer, and transmitting to Congress what petitions and grievances he shall think worthy of notice; that not solely depending upon the accounts and characters of officers as given him by the colonels of regiments, the inspectors-general shall examine the said officers in person, direct them to command different manoeu- vres, and take such measures as shall enable him to give an exact account to Congress. Resolved, That these reviews when closed be transmitted to Congress by the inspector-general making the review, who is to furnish the major of the respective regiments with a copy of the same, and to keep another for his own government and assistance in proceeding to the next review. Resolved, That the inspectors-general shall examine from time to time the pay books of the respective regiments, which are to be kept in an uniform manner, agreeable to such regulations as may be estab- lished for that purpose, giving immediate notice to Congress of any malversation or mismanagement which he may discover. Resolved, That it be referred to the commissioners of the war office to report such further regulations for this office as they shall deem calculated to extend its utility and to promote the end of its institution. Resolved, That two inspectors-general be now appointed. Congress proceeded to the election and, the ballots being taken, Brigadier T. Conway was elected. ******* Resolved, That another major-general be appointed in the Army of the United States. The ballots being taken, Brigadier T. Conway was elected. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 89 March 22, 1778. "As a system of easy manoeuvres and exercises is to be intro- duced, with a view of establishing uniformity in those points throughout the Army, the commanding officers of brigades and regiments are desired to discontinue exer- cising and manceuvreing their men by way of instructions, until new regulations shall be distributed." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) [This was prepara- tory to the introduction of Baron Steuben in the character of Inspector-General, and the adoption of the new system of tactics proposed by him. General Washington at this date was selecting proper subinspectors. ] March 28, 1778. "The Baron Steuben, a lieutenant-general in foreign service and a gentleman of great military experience, having obligingly undertaken to exercise the office of Inspector-General in the Army, the Commander in Chief, till the pleasure of Congress be known, desires he may be respected and obeyed as such, and hopes and expects that all officers, of whatsoever rank, will afford him every aid in their power in the execution of his office. " Lieut. Colonels Davies, Brooks, Barber, and Mr. Ternant are appointed to act as subinspectors; the three former retaining their rank and station in the line." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) March 29, 1778. "The following officers are appointed brigade inspectors, and are to be obeyed and respected as such in their several respective brigades: Colonel Tupper, in General Patterson's brigade; Lieut. Colonel Sprout, in General Glover's; Major Wallace, in Woodford's; Major Cabell, in Weedon's; Major Hull, in Learned's; Major Fish, in Poor's; Major Huling ? in the late Conway's; Captain Smith, in Var- num's; Major Brimfield, in Maxwell's; Major Ryan, in the 1st Pennsylvania; Cap- tain Inglis, in Mcintosh's; Captain McGowan, 2nd Pennsylvania." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) April 7, 1778. "Captain William Lewis is appointed brigade-inspector in General Muhlenberg's brigade, and Captain Croghan in General Scott's." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) April 26, 1778. "Lieut. Colonel Fleury is to act as subinspector, and will attend the Baron Steuben till circumstances will admit of assigning him a division of the Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) May 5, 1778. Resolved, That Congress approve General Washington's plan for the institution of a well-organized inspectorship. That Baron Steuben * he appointed to the office of Inspector-General, with the rank and pay of major-general, his pay to commence from the time he joined the Army and entered into the service of the United States. That there be two ranks of inspectors under the direction of the Inspector-General, the first to superintend two or more brigades and the other to be charged with the inspection of only one brigade. 1 Frederick William Augustus Steuben was a distinguished officer in the Prussian armies. He reached America December 1, 1777, and served as a volunteer until his appointment as Inspector-General, which was mainly secured by Washington's influ- ence. No foreign officer rendered more important service to America. He had given up an income, offices, and emoluments far greater than those he could hope For in America, and from pure love of freedom entered as a volunteer, the service of the United States, in which he died November 28, 1795. " I have seen the Baron and his assistants seven long hours inspecting a brigade of three small regiments. Every man not present must be accounted for; if in camp, sick or well, they were produced or visited; every musket handled and searched; cartridge boxes opened, even the flints and cartridges counted. Knapsacks unslung and every article of clothing spread on the soldier's blanket, and tested by his little book, whether what he had received from the United States within the year was there; if not, to be accounted for. Hospitals, stores, laboratories, every place and every thing was open to inspection and inspected, and what officer's mind was at ease if losses or expenditures could not, on the day of searching, be fully and fairly accounted for? The inspections were every month, and wonderful was the effect, not only with regard to economy, but in creating a spirit of emulation between dif- ferent corps. I nave known the subalterns of a regiment appropriate one of their two rations to the bettering the appearance of their men, but this was at a later period of the war, when supplies and payments were more ample and more regular." [William North, in Kapp's Life of Steuben.] 90 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the officers appointed inspectors receive, in addition to the pay which they derive from their ranks, 30 dollars a month, and that the brigade inspectors receive, in addition to their pay, 20 dollars a month. That General Washington be authorized to appoint such persons to be inspectors and brigade inspectors for the main Army as he shall think best qualified to execute the several duties of those offices. May 9, 1778. "Congress have been pleased to appoint Baron Steuben Inspector- General with the rank of major-general, and the Commander in Chief, being invested with powers to appoint the inspectors and brigade inspectors, continues in office those who have already been nominated and appointed." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Valley Forge. ) [July 2, 1778, Baron Steuben was given the temporary com- mand of Woodford's, Scott's, and the North Carolina brigades. July 22 General Washington directed him to resume his office of Inspector-General and tendered him his thanks for conducting the right wing of the Army from Brunswick to Wright's Mills.] May U, 1778. Resolved, That it is the interest of the United States to employ Mons. de la Neuville 1 [sr.] as inspector of the Army under the com- mand of Major-General Gates. * * * Resolved, That Mr. de la Neuville's pay as inspector be 105 dollars per month and six rations a day, his pay and rations to commence from the time of his entering the service of the United States. Resolved, That Mr. de la Neuville be informed that Congress will be disposed, after an experience of his services as an inspector to the army under General Gates, for the space of three months, to confer on him such rank as his merits may justly entitle him to. May 26, 1778. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to furnish Baron Steuben with two good horses for his use. June 4, 1778. "On the march, Lieut. Colonel Fleury will be attached to General Lee's division; Lieut. Colonel Davies to General Stirling's; Lieut. Colonel Barber to General Mifflin's; Major Ternant to General de La Fayette's; Lieut. Colonel Brooks to General de Kalb's; and, as they will not be employed on the march in exercising or maneuvering the troops, they are to fill the office of adjutant-general, each in his respective division." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) June 15, 1778. "Till the duties of the office of Inspector-General shall be defined and fixed by Congress, the Commander in Chief thinks proper to establish the fol- lowing plan: The functions of it are to comprehend the instituting a system of rules and regu- lations for the exercise of the troops in the manual and maneuvers; for their forma- tion for the purposes of exercise on guard and on detachments, and for camp and J The appointment of Mr. de la Neuville, sr., was predicated on the following reasons: Recommended by Baron de Wormser, lieutenant-general in the French service, as an officer of great zeal, activity, and knowledge; recommended to General Washington by the Marquis de Bonilli, governor of Martinico, as an intel- ligent officer, not only acquainted with the theory but the practice of war, having served in several campaigns in Germany; by Mr. Merlet, quartermaster-general of the French army, and further by the favorable testimonies of the Marquis de La Fayette, and Major-General Conway. October 14, 1778, Mr. de la Neuville, sr., was granted a brevet commission of brigadier-general, to date August 14, 1778, and on the 4th of December following Congress directed that a certificate be given him by the President, in the words following: "Mr. de la Neuville, having served with fidelity and reputation in the Army of the United States, in testimony of his merit, a brevet commission of brigadier has been granted him by Congress, and, on his request, he is permitted to leave the service of these States and return to France." THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 91 garrison duty, by which is to be understood whatever relates to the service of guards, the ordinary routine of duty in and the internal policy of camps and garrisons; in the execution of which rules and regulations the Inspector-General and his assistants shall be employed as hereafter specified. All rules and regulations shall first be approved and authorized by the Commander in Chief, and either published in general orders or otherwise communicated through the Adjutant-General, from whom the division and brigade inspectors will receive them and communicate them to the major-generals and brigadiers, and to their respective divisions and brigades. . . . The division and brigade inspectors will assist in their execution [mili- tary maneuvers and exercises] under the immediate orders of the major-generals, brigadiers, and colonels commanding. . . . Grand maneuvers will be occasionally executed by the Inspector-General, with particular brigades or with detachments from the line. . . . The Inspector- General will occasionally attend the troops while exercising. His directions relative to their exercise agreeably to the rules laid down are to be observed by every officer of inferior rank who may command. When any new maneuver is to be introduced, it is, in the first instance, to be performed by the division or brigade inspector, after which the brigadier or colonel will take the command. Each division inspector shall attend his major-general when he is of the day, and under his directions assist the field officers of the day in examining whether the duty of the guards is performed according to rule. Each brigade inspector shall likewise attend his brigadier when he is of the day, for the same purpose. On the daily parade of the guard, the Inspector-General, if present, or the subinspector of the day, is to exercise the parade under the orders of the major-general of the day. The division and brigade inspectors are immediately to furnish their respective major and brigadier generals with all the regulations which have been heretofore made." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Vallet/ Forge. ) June 16, 1778. "Captain Archibald Anderson, of the 2nd Maryland regiment, is appointed brigade inspector to the 2nd Maryland brigade." (Ordeis, General Head- quarters, VaUey Fbrge.) July 29, 1778. The Board of War further reported : l That Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville [jr.] since the month of Decem- ber has acted as aid-de-camp to Major-General Conway, and since the 1 Mr. de la Neuville, aid-de-camp to the Marquis de La Fayette, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel by brevet; February 4, 1779, Congress denied his petition for a brevet commission of lieutenant-colonel, although the Marquis had addressed a letter to Congress in his favor on Decern l)er 22, 1778; February 10, 1779, at his request, Mr. Noirmont de la Neuville was authorized to return to France; April 1, 1779, the Board of War having reported that Mr. Noirmont de la Neuville is a brevet major, and as as such entitled to neither the pay nor subsistence allowed to a major, Congress authorized him to repair to the Southern Army under General Lincoln, and granted him the pay and subsistence of a major during the ensuing campaign. October 18, 1779, Congress resolved "That Major de la Neuville, who has served two campaigns in the American Army, and has obtained very honorable testimonials of his merit, valor, and services in the several capacities in which he has been employed, be appointed a lieutenant-colonel by brevet in the Army of the United States. That Ueiitenant-t olonel Noirmont de la Neuville have leave to return to France." Octo- ber 21, 1779, the Board of War having represented that Mons. Noirmont de la Neu- ville had represented his uneasiness lest nis not being gratified with the rank and command of a lieutenant-colonel should create disagreeable comparisons between the supposed ideas entertained by Congress of his merit and that of those enjoying such command, ( 'ongress resolved: "That Congress entertain a very favorable opinion of the personal merit and military character of Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville, which he has evidence! 1 (Hi every occasion presenting itself to him daring his service in America; but a re-formation of the Army having lately taken place, which renders it Inconsistent with the arrangement as now settled to grant commands in the line to gentlemen under Mr. Noirmont's circumstances, has prevented his having a commis- sion of the same nature with some others, though his merit and services would other- wi-e entitle him thereto." [As the brevet of lieutenant-colonel had already been conferred upon Mr. de Neuville by the resolve of October 27, 1778, the denial of his petition for promotion must have been because, as seemingly indicated in the resolve of October 21, 1779, he sought a commission of that grade iii the line.] 92 LEGISLATIVE HISTOBY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. appointment of his brother as inspector to the Northern Army has dis- charged the duties of deputy inspector with uncommon assiduity and much satisfaction to the officers and men of the Northern Army; whereupon, Resolved, That Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville have the rank of a major by brevet in the American Army. September 25, 1778. Resolved, That Mr. John Ternant 1 be appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the service of the United States, and be ordered to repair to South Carolina forthwith, to perform the duties of inspector to the troops in the service of these States in South Carolina and Georgia; that he report his proceedings as inspector, from time to time, to the board of war and Inspector-General, conforming himself to such regulations as are or shall be established by Congress for the Inspector-General's Department; and, until he shall be duly notified of the plan of the department being arranged and confirmed by Congress, that he govern himself as near as may be by the rules and practice pursued by Baron Steuben, during his having executed the office of inspector-general with the grand army, procuring the approbation and authority of the officer commanding the troops of the United States in the said States of South Carolina and Georgia, in all matters relative to the discipline of the troops and the police of the camps, garrisons, or quarters, previous to their being put in practice by him as inspector. Resolved, That Mr. Ternant be allowed the pay and subsistence of a lieutenant-colonel from the 26th of March last. February 18, 1779. Resolved, That there be an Inspector-General to the armies of the United States, with the rank of major-general, who, in all future appointments, shall be taken from the line of major-generals; That the duty of the Inspector-General shall principally consist in forming a system of regulations, for the exercise of the troops in the manual evolutions and manoeuvres, for the service of guards and detachments, and for camp and garrison duty; That the Inspector-General and his assistants shall review the troops at such times and places, and receive such returns for that purpose, as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall direct; at which reviews he or they shall inspect the number and con- dition of the men, their discipline and exercise, the state of their arms, accoute*rments, and clothes; observing what of these articles have been lost or spoiled since the last review, and, as nearly as possible, by what means; reporting the same, with the deficiencies and neglects, to the Commander in Chief, or the commanding officer of a detach- ment, and to the board of war; That all new manoeuvres shall be introduced by the Inspector-Gen- eral, and all old ones performed according to the established princi- ples, under his superintendency; but he shall not introduce or practice 1 Lieutenant-Colonel Ternant having had two riding horses impressed by the State of South Carolina during the siege of Charleston, Congress, October 16, 1780, ordered the quartermaster-general to furnish him with two good horses. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 93 any regulations relative to the objects of his department, save such as are made and established in manner following, all regulations whatso- ever to be finally approved and established by Congress. But the exigence of the service requiring it, temporary ones may, from time to time, be introduced by the Inspector-General with the approbation of the Commander in Chief. These regulations to be communicated to the Army through the Adjutant-General, and to be transmitted to the board of war with all convenient despatch, that, after being examined and reported by them to Congress, they may be rejected, altered, amended, or confirmed, as Congress shall deem proper; That there be as many subinspectors as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall, on consideration of the strength and situation of the Army, from time to time, deem neces- sary, to be taken from the line of lieutenant-colonels, and to receive their instructions relative to the department from the Inspector- General ; That there be one brigade inspector to each brigade, who shall be one of the majors in the brigade; and that the office of brigade inspector shall in future be annexed to that of major of brigade. He shall accordingly keep a roster of the battalions of his brigade, regulate all the details and take care of the formation and march of all guards, detachments, &c, from the brigade. He is to receive the general orders and communicate them to the commanding officers of the bri- gades and regiments, and, through the adjutants, to all the officers of the brigade. He is, so far as concerns his brigade, to inspect the police of the camp, the discipline and order of the service. In time of action he is to assist in executing the necessary manoeuvres of the brigade, according to the orders of the brigadier or officer commanding. He is to do no duty in the line; That all the officers of the inspectorship having appointments in the line shall retain their rights of command, succession, and promotion in the same manner as if they had not assumed the office. But as the duties of this department are sufficient to employ their whole time, they are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands, except on particular occasions, when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment may deem it necessary to invest them with com- mand. They are to be exempted from all common camp and garrison duty, that they may attend the more carefully to those of the inspec- tion; and in time of action they are to be employed in assisting in the execution of the field manoeuvres; That the Inspector-General, so far as relates to the inspector of the Army, be subject to the orders of Congress, the board of war, and the Commander in Chief only; but the subinspectors shall also be subject to the officers commanding the divisions and brigades to which they are attached, on the principles herein established; That there be allowed to the Inspector-General, in consideration of the extraordinary expenses which attend the execution of his office, 84 dollars per month, in addition to the pay and rations of a major- general, heretofore provided. March 29, 1779. Baron Steuben having prepared a system of regulations for the infantry, which was highly commended by hoth General Washington and the Board of War, Congress adopted the system of tactics and ordered its publication and distri- bution to the Army. 94 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April 5, 1779. Resolved, That Baron Steuben, Inspector-General, be informed by the President that Congress entertain a high sense of his merit, dis- played in a variety of instances, but especially in the system of mili- tary order and discipline formed and presented by him to Congress. May 13, 1779. "Major Cabell is appointed . . . inspector to General Muh- lenberg's brigade, and Major Croghan to General Woodford's." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middlebrook. ) May 26, 1779. ' ' Lieutenant-Colonel Regnier is appointed a subinspector. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middlebrook. ) June 12, 1779. "Lieutenant-Colonel Harmar is appointed subinspector to the Pennsylvania Division." (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.) June 21, 1779. "Colonel Davies, as eldest subinspector, will do the duty of Adju- tant-General during said time [temporary absence of the Adjutant-General with the Commander in Chief ]. " (Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.) June m, 1779. Resolved, That majors, in consideration of their extra duty, acting as brigade inspectors . . . receive 44 dollars per month, in addi- tion to their regimental pay. * * -X- Resolved, That the Adjutant-General for the time being be also Assistant Inspector-General. June24, 1779. " Colonel Williams, of the Maryland line, is appointed subinspector." ( Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 1, 1779. " Henry McCormick, esq,, late brigade major to the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade, is appointed to do the duties of . . . brigade inspector to the light corps under Brigadier-General Wayne." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 6, 1779. Resolved, That, in consideration of their extra duties and service, the officers in the arm}' of these States serving as sub and brigade inspect- ors be allowed, the former three rations a day and forage for three horses, and the latter two rations a day and forage for two horses, in lieu of all former rations and forage, both as officers in the line and as inspectors; their subsistence money as officers in the line to remain as heretofore. July 11, 1779. " Lieutenant-Colonel Grosvenor,of the Connecticut line,is appointed subinspector." (Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.) July 26, 1779. Congress voted a silver medal to Lieutenant-Colonel Fleury for distinguished gallantry in the assault of the enemy's works at Stoney Point. August 11, 1779. "Lieutenant-Colonel Sprout is appointed subinspector in the Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' s House.) August 23, 1779. Ordered, That Major Noirmont de la Neuville be allowed the pay and subsistence of a major while he shall continue a volunteer with the Army. . ' September 27, 1779. Colonel Fleury was granted leave of absence for nine months. December 17, 1779. " Lieutenant-Colonel Barber is to do the duty of subinspector in Major-General Lord Stirling's division, and Lieutenant-Colonel Regnier in the division composed of Clinton's and Stark's brigades." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 95 December 24, 1779. " Major Church, of the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment, is appointed brigade . . . inspector to General Hand's brigade." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Morristown.) January 1, 1780. "Captain Brice, of the* 3d Maryland Regiment, is appointed brigade . . . inspector of the 1st Maryland Brigade till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristoicn. ) January 12, 1780. Resolved, That Mr. Galvan receive the commission of major in the Arm}^ of the United States, and be employed in the inspectorship, as the Commander in Chief shall direct. * * * Resolved, That in future the business of mustering the troops be performed by the inspectors of the Army, in such manner and under such regulations as the Commander in Chief shall direct, who is hereby authorized to make the arrangements respecting the same to Congress. January 26, 1780. " Captain William Van Lear, of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment, having done the duty of . . . brigade inspector of the 2nd Pennsylvania Brigade from the 12th day of December last, is appointed brigade . . . inspector of the same till further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) July 6, 1780. "Lt. Col. Barber is requested to undertake the subinspectorship of Hand's, Maxwell's, and Stark's brigades." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness. ) July 15, 1780. Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa- rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag- gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: * * * Inspector-General, for his baggage according to his rank, and for his papers, etc., according as the service may require or Com- mander in Chief may direct 1 bathorse. Snbinspector ,... 1 two-horse wagon. Brigade inspector 1 two-horse wagon. * * * Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . . . ; Inspector-General agreeable to his rank; subinspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, one; . . . August 3, 1780. "Major Pettingill, of the 9th Massachusetts Regiment, is appointed brigade inspector to the 4tb Massachusetts Brigade from the 25th of July last." "Capt. Ashley, of the 1st Massachusetts Regt. (entitled to a majority), is appointed brigade inspector pro tern, to the 2nd Massachusetts Brigade." (Orders, General Headquarters, I'eeksklll. ) August 5, 1780. "Lt. Col. Smith is appointed inspector and will consider the light infantry in his department." "Major Rice is appointed inspector to Stark's brigade." "Major Scott, as oldest brigade inspector in General McDougaH'Svdivision, will do the duty of inspector to the division." (Orders, General Headquarters, I'eeksklll.) Au(/ust8, 1780. "Capt. Moses White, of Colonel Ilazen's Regt., is appointed tc do the duty of brigade inspector in General Poor's brigade till further orders, vice Major Scott, indisposed." (Orders, General I lend quarters, Oranyeloirn.) August ,;<.), 1780. "From the deficiency of field officers in the Jersey brigade, and more particularly in the regiment to which Lt. Col. Barber belongs, be is permitted for the present to decline the duties of insjHJctor and confine himself to those of his 96 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. regiment. Major Fish will in the meantime perform the duties of division inspector. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Tean Neck. ) September 8, 1780. "Major Rosekrans will do the duty of brigade inspector to Clinton's Brigade during Major Fish's' absence." (Orders, General Headquarters, Steenrapia. ) September 16, 1780. "Major James Moore is appointed inspector to the 1st Penn- sylvania Brigade from the 21st of July last." (Orders, General Headquarters, Steen- rapia. ) September #5, 1780. PLAN OF THE INSPECTING AND MUSTERING DEPARTMENT. Whereas the institution of this department hath been found of great utility to the armies of these United States, and experience hath shown that it may be rendered still more useful by any extension of its powers and objects: Therefore Resolved, That the former establishment, by a resolution of the 18th of February, 1779, and all subsequent resolutions relative thereto, be repealed, and the department hereafter have the following form, pow- ers, and privileges: There shall be an inspector-general with the main army of the United States, to be appointed by Congress, who shall be allowed two secre- taries, in addition to the aids he is allowed in the line of the Army, to be taken from the line of captains and subalterns, who shall receive, in addition to their pay, 6 dollars per month. There shall be one assistant inspector-general with the main army, who shall be adjutant-general for the time being, and shall receive, in addition to his pay, $10 per month; and one to every separate arnry. when consisting of two or more divisions, who shall be the deputy adjutant-general, and shall receive, in addition to his pay, 8 dollars per month. There shall be one inspector to each division of the Army of the United States one to the corps of cavalry and one to the corps of artillery to be taken, when the service will admit, from the line of colonels and lieutenant-colonels, who shall be allowed, in addition to their pay. 7 dollars per month and forage for three horses, including what they are entitled to in the line of the Army, and one extra ration of provi- sion, when the state of the magazine will admit. There shall be one subinspector to every brigade in the Army of the United State, one to the corps of cavalry and one to the corps of artil- lery, if thought necessary by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army, to be taken from the line of majors in the brigade, when the service will admit, who shall be allowed, in addition to their pay, 5 dollars per month, and one extra ration, when the state of the magazines will admit. The Commander in Chief and commanding officer of a separate army are hereby empowered to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to the militia, while in active service, agreeable to the foregoing plan, who shall have the same powers, privileges, and emoluments as tnose serv- ing with the Continental Army. It shall be the duty of the Inspector-General to frame a system of regulations for the exercise and discipline of the troops in the man- ual, evolutions, and manoeuvres, for the service of guards and detach- ments, and for all camp and garrison duty, and if approved of by the Commander in Chief and ratified by Congress, such regulations shall be enforced by the orders of the Commander in Chief throughout the Army THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 97 The assistant inspectors-general shall assist in the general duties of the Department, agreeable to the directions they shall receive from the Inspector-General (through the order of the Commander in Chief), and when the inspector is not present shall have chief direction of the same, agreeable to the orders they maj^ receive as aforesaid; and they shall nevertheless continue to perform their duties of adjutant and deputy adjutant-general. The inspectors shall attend to the execution of the regulations established for the army in their respective divisions, and in such garrisons as the} 7 may be ordered by the Inspector-General or the assistant inspector-general, at all times performing the duties of adju- tant-general to the same; and when a detachment of more than one division is sent from the Army the eldest inspector of the marching troops shall act as adjutant-general to the detachment. The subinspectors shall do the duty of majors of brigade to the bri- gades to which the} 7 belong, and attend to the execution of the regula- tions established for the Army in their respective brigades and such garrisons, detachments, and independent corps as they shall be ordered by the Inspector-General or assistant inspector-general with a separate army. The Inspector-General and the assistant inspector-general shall review and muster the troops in service once every month, at which review he or they shall inspect the number and condition of the men, their discipline, the state of their clothes, arms, accoutrements, and camp equipage; the number of rations they have drawn since the last review, reporting such soldiers and recruits as are unfit for service to the major-general or commander of the division, the brigadier or com- mander of a regiment detached from the division or brigade to which such disabled soldier may belong, to be by them, or either of them, discharged or transferred to the corps of invalids if, on examination of the surgeon of the regiment, they shall be found unfit for further service in the field. But no such soldier shall be deemed legally dis- charged or transferred except his discharge or transference is signed by the major-general, brigadier, or commandant as aforesaid, and a certificate of his inability, specifying the nature of it, signed by the surgeon, is annexed thereto, noting at the same time all alterations that have happened since the last review or muster and, as far as pos- sible, in what manner, reporting them with the deficiencies, neglects, and abuses to the Commander in Chief or commanding officer present and the board of war. At every muster three rolls shall be made out by the commanding officer of each troop or company, signed and sworn to by him, one of which rolls shall be returned to him certified by the mustering officer; one shall be retained by the mustering officer; the other shall be certi- fied and delivered to the regimental paymaster, to be affixed to the pay rolls. Each brigade shall be mustered by its subinspector under the super- intendency of the inspector of the division, who shall be responsible, with the subinspector, for the exactness and fidelity of the musters; and in like manner all garrisons, independent corps, and detachments shall be mustered by such inspector or subinspectors as the Inspector- General, orassistant inspector-general with a separate army, shall order. The subinspectors shall deliver an abstract of all such musters, regimentally digested, to the inspector of the division, who shall digest ' S. Doc. 229 7 98 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. them into division abstracts, in the same form, and transmit them to the assistant inspectors-general, to be by them transmitted to the Inspector- General, and in a separate army to the commanding officer. The Inspector-General shall transmit, once every month, a copy of the abstracts of the musters of the whole Army to the Commander in Chief, and another to the board of war. No commanding officer of a regiment shall muster the regiment he commands, but another inspector shall be ordered to do that duty by the Inspector-General. The assistant inspector in a separate army shall do the same duties in that army as the Inspector-General doth in the main army, respect- ing the musters, according to the directions he shall receive and orders of the commanding officer. The commissary of issues shall be obliged to deliver to the Inspector- General, and assistant inspector with a separate army, an abstract by brigades of the rations actually issued, and of all issues to all separate corps, garrisons, and detachments. All muster rolls shall be sworn to before a general officer, or com- mandant of a separate post or detachment, who are hereby empowered to administer the oath, and certify it on each muster roll, in the words following, to wit: " I, A B, do swear that this muster roll is a true state of the com- pany under my command, without fraud to the United States or to any individual, according to the best of my knowledge. "A B, capt., lieut., ensign, or command't. " Sworn before me this day of , 17 ." The mustering officers are empowered and directed to require from all the officers whose troops are mustered all papers and vouchers relative to their enlistments and musters. The inspectors shall keep accounts with the officers commanding regiments of all arms and accoutrements delivered their regiments and re-turned in by them. No arms or accoutrements shall be delivered without an order from the inspector of the division, to whom returns for arms and accoutrements wanted shall be made, in the form directed in the resolution for the order and discipline of the troops of these United States. All officers of the inspectorship shall retain their rights of command and promotion in the same manner as if they had not assumed the office. They are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands except when they happen to be the superior in the division brigade or regiment to which they belong, or when they are appointed to execute any particular service by the Commander in Chief, or com- manding officer of a separate army ; and are exempt from all common camp and garrison duty that they may attend to that of the inspect- ing, as well in the time of action as at other times. The Inspector-General, as often as the Commander in Chief shall think fit to order, shall visit every part of the Army, and review the same, to see that uniformity prevails throughout the armies of these United States. The Inspector-General shall keep books in which the returns, &c. , passing through his office shall be registered. He shall be charged with collecting, in one or more volumes, all the resolves of Congress and regulations of the board of war relative to the Army. The travelling and other incidental expenses of the execution of the business of the office shall be settled by the auditors with the Army, THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 99 upon such principles as shall be established by the Commander in Chief, and paid out of the military chest. The Quartermaster-General shall furnish all necessary books, paper, &c. , for the Department. Each inspector shall be allowed, when the circumstances of the Army will permit, a marquee and common tent; each subinspector a horse- man's and common tent, if not provided for as officers in the line. All the regulations respecting the objects of this Department shall be finally approved and established by Congress; but, the exigency of the service requiring it, temporary ones may from time to time be intro- duced by the Inspector-General, with the approbation of the Com- mander in Chief, and transmitted to the board of war within one month after their introduction, that, being examined and reported to Congress by them, they may be rejected, altered, amended, or con- firmed, as Congress shall deem proper. Resolved, That Baron Steuben be, and hereby is, continued Inspector- General of the armies of these United States, and vested with power to appoint all officers necessary to carry the aforegoing plan into execution, they being first approved of by the Commander in Chief. Resolved, That the assistant inspector be allowed 400 dollars per month, of the old emission, in addition to his pay as Adjutant-General, from the 1st day of February last to the 1st day of October next. The inspectors shall be allowed, from the 1st day of February last to the 1st day of October, 300 dollars per month, of the old emission, and the subinspectors shall be allowed 200 dollars per month, of the old emission, from the first day of February aforesaid to the first day of October next, in addition to the pay and subsistence to which they are entitled by their respective ranks. November 9, 1780. "Major Oliver, inspector to the 1st Massachusetts Brigade, having obtained leave of absence, Captain Sewall, of the 12th Massachusetts Regt. , is appointed to do that duty in his absence." {Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa.) November 11, 1780. "Captain Converse is to do the duty of brigade inspector to the 2nd Connecticut Brigade in the absence of Major Woodbridge." {Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, Totowa. ) November 0S, 1780. Ordered, That . . . the Inspector-General ... be supplied with the journals of Congress. . . . December lp, 1780. Resolved, That instead of the additional pay allowed to officers in the Inspector's Department, by the resolution of Congress of the 25th of September last, the following sums be allowed, viz: To the Adjutant-General, as assistant inspector, 35 dollars per month; To an assistant inspector in a separate army, 30 dollars per month; To a lieutenant-colonel, as inspector of a division, 25 dollars per month; To a major, as inspector of a brigade, 25 dollars per month. January 1, 1781. A motion was made by Mr. Sullivan, seconded by Mr. Varnum, That Lieutenant-Colonel William Smith be continued as subin- 100 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. spector, with his present rank in the Army of the United States, to be employed as the Commander in Chief shall direct; On which the yeas and nays were required; and it was resolved in the affirmative. May 2, 1781. Colonel Fleury was authorized to remain on furlough until further orders. July 13, 1781. "Captain Timothy Remick, of the First Massachusetts Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector of the First Massachusetts Brigade." ' ' Captain Seth Drew, of the Second Massachusetts Regt. , is appointed to do the duty of inspector to the Second Massachusetts Brigade. ' ' "Captain Caleb Robinson, of the Second New Hampshire Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to General Stark's brigade, vice Major Scott, resigned that office." {Orders, General Headquarters, near Dobbs Ferry.) July 14, 1781. "Captain Converse, of the Second Connecticut Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to the Second Connecticut Brigade." "Captain Warner, of the First Connecticut Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to the First Connecticut Brigade. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, near Dobbs Ferry.) August 13, 1781. "Captain Bleeker, of the First New York Regiment, is - appointed to do the duty of inspector to the light troops under the command of Colonel Scam- mell." {Orders, General Headquarters [no place given].) September 6, 1781. "Major Piatt is appointed division inspector to the division commanded by Major-General Lincoln. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Head of Elk. ) September 29, 1781. "Major William Barber is appointed inspector to the division commanded by Major-General the Marquis de la Fayette." {Orders, General Head- quarters, Secretary's Quarter.) October 6, 1781. "The division inspectors are to mount as majors of the trenches, with their respective major-generals." "Major Gal van is appointed division inspector to the division commanded by the major-general, the Baron de Steuben." {Orders, General Headquarters, before York.) October 31, 1781. "Captain John Bankson, of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, is appointed inspector pro tern, to the troops under the orders of Major-General St. Clair." {Orders, General Headquarters, near York.) January 10, 1782. PLAN FOR CONDUCTING THE INSPECTOR'S DEPARTMENT. Resolved, That the establishment of the inspector's department by the resolutions of the 25th of September, 1780, and all subsequent reso- lutions relative thereto, be, and hereby are, repealed; and that the department hereafter have the following form, powers, and privileges, viz: There shall be an Inspector-General of the armies of the United States, to be appointed by Congress from the general officers, and to be allowed one secretary in addition to the aids which he has in the line of the Army; the secretary shall be taken from the line and be entitled to the pay and emoluments of an aid-de-camp. There .shall be one inspector for each separate army, to be taken from the field offi- cers of the line of the Army, to be allowed 30 dollars per month in addition to his pay and emoluments in the line. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall, once in every month, in such time, place, and mode as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army shall direct, review and muster the troops of every denomination in service, at which review they shall inspect the number and condition of the men and horses, the discipline of the troops, the state of their arms, accoutrements, ammu nition, clothing, and camp equipage, and make returns thereof to the Commander m Chief or commanding officer of a separate army, noting THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 101 the deficiencies, neglects, and abuses, and, if possible, the manner in which they happened; and at the same time pointing out the altera- tions and amendments they may think necessary in any branch of the military system, duplicates of which returns shall be transmitted by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army to the Secretary at War. At the end of every review the commanding officer of the corps reviewed shall exercise his corps in the manual and evolutions before the inspector, so as to enable him to inspect and report the discipline of the troops agreeably to the foregoing paragraph; and when the Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army finds it necessary to have particular evolutions or manoeuvres performed, either by one or several corps, he shall furnish a plan of such evolutions to the com- manding officer of the army, who will approve or amend them, and order them executed, as he may think proper. At every review the commanding officer of companies and corps shall produce to the inspector returns of the state of their respective companies and corps and such other papers and vouchers relative to the enlistment of the men as he shall think necessary; three muster rolls shall also be made out by the commanding officer of each troop or company and signed by him, one of which shall be returned to him, certified by the inspector, one shall be certified and delivered to the regimental paymaster, to be affixed to the pay rolls, and the other shall be retained by the inspector. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall, as soon as possible after ever}' muster, transmit an abstract of the musters of the whole army in which he is serving to the commanding officer, who shall transmit a duplicate thereof to the Secretary at War. A^ soon as possible after every review the inspector shall report to the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army all such soldiers whom, from inability or other causes, it ma} 7 be neces- sary to discharge or transfer to the invalids; and no discharge shall in future be valid unless signed by the Commander in Chief or officer commanding the army where such discharge is given. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall be authorized to call on the Quartermaster-General, Clothier-General, and field commissary of military stores, or their deputies, for returns of the articles which have been issued from and returned to their several departments by each corps, that the inspectors may see whether every article so delivered has been regularly and satisfactorily accounted for or charged to the corps, agreeably to the established regulations. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall be authorized and required to visit the military hospitals of the United States from time to time to examine the general state of them and the treatment of the patients, which he shall report to the officer command- ing the Army; and the director, deputy director, or superintending surgeon of any hospital shall furnish them with such returns as they may find necessary for the better execution of their office. The Inspector-General shall himself, previous to the opening and at the close of every campaign, or as often as the Commander in Chief shall think fit to order, visit, even part of the Army to see that uni- formity prevails throughout the armies of the United States. The Inspector-General and inspectors of a separate army, in the execution of their offices, shall be subject only to the orders of Congress, 102 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the Secretary of War, Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate army; and that the inspectors may attend the better to the duties of their offices they shall be exempted from all other duties, except when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army shall think proper to order otherwise. All the returns in the Inspector's Department are to be made agree- ably to the forms which shall be delivered by the Inspector-General. Each inspector of a separate army shall be allowed to take an officer from the line of captains or subalterns to assist him in the duties of his office, who shall be allowed ten dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line. .Resolved, That Major-General Baron Steuben be, and hereby is, continued Inspector-General of the armies of these United States and vested with power to appoint all officers necessary to carry the fore- going plan into execution, they being first approved of by the Com- mander in Chief. March 26, 1782. Resolved, That so much of the act of Congress of January 12, 1780, respecting Mr. Galvan, as directs that he be employed in the inspector- ship, as the Commander in Chief shall direct, be, and hereby is, repealed. July 26, 1782. A motion was made by Mr. Duane, seconded by Mr. Root, That.Baron Steuben receive, until the further order of Congress, in addition to his pay as major-general, 80 dollars per month for his traveling expenses in the execution of his office of Inspector-General, to be computed from the 10th day of January last. * * * . . . Resolved in the affirmative. October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers. . . . * * * Inspector-General, for his baggage, according to his rank, and for his papers as the Commander in Chief may direct. Inspectors, one two-horse wagon. * * * That there shall be allowed for saddle horses: * * Inspector-General, agreeable to his rank. Inspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, 1 ration. December 30, 1782. Resolved', That the Baron de Steuben be allowed 300 dollars per month, in lieu of his extra pay and of subsistence and forage for him- THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 103 self and family, including wagon as well as saddle horses, and that these allowances hereafter cease. February 11, 1783. "Colonel Stewart, of the 2nd Pennsylvania Regt., is appointed inspector for the Northern Army, and Lt. Col. Ternant, of Armand's Partizan Corps, for the Southern Army. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia. ) April 15, 1784. Resolved, That Congress approve of and confirm the appointment of Major William North * as inspector to the troops remaining in the service and pay of the United States. April 15, 1784. In accepting the resignation of Major-General Baron Steuben, late Inspector-General, Congress resolved: "That the thanks of the United States in Con- gress assembled be given to Baron Steuben for the great zeal and abilities he has discovered in the discharge of the several duties of his office; that a gold-hilted sword be presented to him as a mark of the high sense Congress entertains of his character and services." September 27, 1785, Congress voted him the sum of $7,000. Lieutenant-Colonel Mentges, having been appointed by General Greene inspector of contracts to the Southern Army, Congress, having decided that there is nothing in the resolve of May 7, 1782, to prevent the duties of that office being performed by an officer of the Army, granted Colonel Mentges an additional compensation of $100 per month while he acted as inspector of contracts. March %%, 1785. Resolved, That in addition to the pay and emoluments of a captain in the line of the Army, Major North receive the monthly pay of 30 dollars allowed to an inspector of a separate army by the resolution of the 10th January, 1782. June 25, 1788. Resolved, That the office of inspector of the troops in the service of the United States immediately cease and be discontinued, and that the Secretary of War report what mode may be most eligible for having the troops inspected for the future. July 3, 1788. General Washington wrote to the President of Congress "that the recruits at present raising in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania will be mustered and inspected previously to their marching by Mr. Stagg, who is employed in this office and is adequate to the business." Mr. John Stagg was the chief clerk of the War Department, and had been an officer of the Continental Army. He and Lieutenant-Colonel Mentges, inspector of contracts, performed the duties of inspector under the Secretary of War. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of April 30, 1790 (1 Stats., 119). AN ACT for regulating the military establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 4. That the President of the United States may, from time to time, appoint one or two inspectors, as to him shall seem meet, to inspect the said troops, who shall also muster the same, and each of whom shall receive the like pay and subsistence as a captain, and be allowed ten dollars per month for forage. 1 Major North was appointed by Major-General Baron Steuben, Inspector-General. 104 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stats., 2Jtf). AN ACT making further and more effectual provision for the protection of the fron- tiers of the United States. [By section 7 of this act the Adjutant-General is to do also duty of inspector.] Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., JSS). AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States. Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one inspector, who shall do the duty of Adjutant-General. 1 . . . * * * Sec. 12. That the monthly pay of the officers ... of the mili- tary establishment be as follows: . . . Inspector . . . gen- erals ... in addition to their pay in the line, twenty-five dol- lars. . . . Sec. 13. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: . . . Inspector . . . generals . . . , six rations, ... or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers, at the posts, respectively, where the rations shall become due; and if, at such posts, supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in question. Sec. 14. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever for- age shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the following enumerated sums per month instead thereof, to wit: . . . Inspector . . . general . . . twelve dollars . . . * * * Sec. 23. That the general staff as authorized by this act shall con- tinue in service until the 4th day of next March, and no longer. Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507). AN ACT to amend and repeal in part the act intituled "An act to ascertain and fix the military -establishment of the United States." Sec. 2. [That there shall be one brigadier-general, who may choose] his . . . inspector from the captains and subalterns in the line (to . . . whom there shall be allowed the monthly pay of twenty- five dollars, in addition to his pay in the line, and two rations extraor- dinary per day; and, whenever forage .shall not be furnished by the public, to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof). . . . 1 The Inspector-General acting as Adjutant-General is entitled under this act to $25 in addition to his pay in the line, six rations per day, and $12 per month for forage. the inspectoe-genebal's depaetment. 105 Act of May 22, 1798 (1 Stats., 557). AN ACT to amend the act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act intituled 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States.' " Sec. 1. That the brigadier-general who is now, or may hereafter be, in the service of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized to choose his . . . inspector . . . from the commissioned officers in the line of the Army; and that so much of the second sec- tion of the act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act intituled 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States ' " as confines the choice of . . . inspector to cap- tains and subalterns of the line be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. 2. That the accounting officers of the Treasury shall allow to Major Gushing the monthly pay, rations, forage, and allowances for the same as established by law for an inspector during the time he has acted in said capacity by appointment of General Wilkinson. Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558). AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army. * * * Sec. 6. That whenever the President shall deem it expedient he is hereby empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint an Inspector-General, with the rank of major-general; and the .... Inspector-General shall ... be entitled to the fol- lowing pay and emoluments, viz, one hundred and sixt} T -six dollars monthly pay, twenty dollars monthly allowance for forage, when the same is not provided by the United States, and fifteen rations per day, or money in lieu thereof, at the current price; and shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint two aids, each of whom shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major. . . . And the President is hereby authorized, alone, to appoint, from time to time, when he shall judge proper, assistant inspectors to every separate portion of the Army, consisting of one or more divisions,- who shall be deputy adjutant-generals thereof, respectively, and who shall be taken from the line of the Armj% and allowed, in addition to their pay, eight dollars per month; and, likewise, to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to each brigade and corps of every description, at his discretion, taking them from the line of the Army, and they shall each receive, while acting in said capacity, an additional pay of six dollars per month. * * * Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge . . . it expedient to appoint ... an Inspector-General ... in the recess of the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make . . . said appoint- ments and grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the next session of the Senate thereafter. * * * Sec. 9. That the . . . Inspector-General . . . who may be appointed by virtue of this act Hhall, respectively, continue in com- mission during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for the public service. . .' . 106 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Sec. 10. That no . . . staff officer who shall be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. . . . Act of July 16, 1798 l (1 Stats., 604). AN ACT to augment the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * -x- * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Inspector-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major-general, and two aids-de- camp; . . . two assistant inspectors (who shall be taken from the line of the Army). . . . Sec. 4. . . . The aids-de-camp and assistant inspectors shall each be entitled to twenty-four dollars monthly, in addition to their pay in the line, and to four rations of provisions each for their daily subsistence; and whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof. * * * Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment to serve ... as assistant or other inspector . . . the place of such officer in his regiment shall be supplied, by promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but the officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not been detached. Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed as the inspector of a divi- sion who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of major, or as the inspector of a brigade who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of captain, or as the aid of a major-general who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of a captain. . . . $r * * Sec. 13. That to any army of the United States other than that in which the Inspector-General shall serve there shall be a deputy inspector- general, who shall be a field officer, and who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses; and that to every division of an army there shall be a division inspector, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses; and that to every brigade there shall be a brigade inspector, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to twenty-four dollars per month, which shall be in full 1 Section 9 authorizes the appointment of an inspector of artillery, taken from the line of artillerists and engineers, to be allowed $30 per month in addition to his pay in the line, 4 rations per day and $10 per month for forage when not furnished in kind. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 107 compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses; each of which officers shall be chosen by the Inspector-General from among the regimental officers; the deputy inspector-general to be in every case approved by the general commanding the army to which he shall be annexed. Sec. 14. That the Adjutant-General of the Army shall be ex officio assistant inspector-general, and that every deputy inspector-general shall be ex officio deputy adjutant-general, and shall perform the duties of adjutant-general in the army to which he shall be annexed. * * * Sec. 26. That there shall be allowed to the Inspector-General, in addition to his allowance as major-general, and in full compensation for extra services and expenses in the execution of his office, the sum of fifty dollars per month, and that he shall be allowed a secretary, to be appointed by himself, with the pay and emoluments of a captain. Act of March 16, 1802 1 (2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . one Adjutant and Inspector of the Army, to be taken from the line of field officers. . . . * * * Sec. -1. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... To the Adjutant and Inspector of the Army, thirty- eight dollars in addition to his pay in the line. . ,. . Act of March 12, 1808 (2 Stats., 431). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * Sec. 3. That when in the opinion of the President of the United States a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall be raised, there may be appointed . . . two brigade inspectors; . . . the brigade inspectors appointed under this act shall be taken from the line. . . . Sec. 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . shall be, viz: ... . each brigade inspector, thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line; . . . and to each six dollars per month for forage when not furnished: . . . Provided, The officers . . . furnish their own horses and accoutrements, and actually keep in service the aforesaid number of horses to entitle them to the afore- going allowance for forage, or its equivalent in money. . . . * * * Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for their advice and consent. 'Under this act the offices of Inspector-General and Adjutant-General were united. 108 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Sec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States, or some one of the Territories thereof. Act of April 30, 1810 (2 Stats., 592). AN ACT regulating the post-office establishment. * * * Sec. 24. That letters and packets to and from the following officers of the United States shall be received and conveyed by post free of postage. . . . The Inspector ... of the Army. . . . Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * # # Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . one Inspector- General, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier- general. . . . The said Inspector-General shall be allowed two assistant inspectors, to be taken from the line of the Army, each of whom shall receive, while acting in said capacity, the same pay and emoluments as by this act are allowed to a lieutenant-colonel. . . . Sec. 5. That when an officer is detached to serve as ... an assistant to the . . . Inspector-General on the appointment of a general officer ... he shall not thereby lose his rank. * * * Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer, who may be appointed by virtue of this act, shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. Act of May 16, 1812 (2 Stats., 735). AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized to appoint, from the captains and subalterns of the line of the Army, so many subinspectors as the service may require, not exceeding one to each brigade; and such subinspectors shall each receive twenty-four dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line. Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 782). AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States. That . . . to a . . . brigade inspector and adjutant there shall be allowed forage for one horse only, or in lieu thereof ten dol- lars per month. . . . THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 109 Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the . . . Inspector-General ... of the Army shall serve, it shall be lawful for the President to appoint . . . one deputy inspector-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall each, in addition to his pay^ and other emoluments, be entitled to tiftA" dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be, to each of the foregoing deputies, such number of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the public service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall, each, be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services: . . . And provided aho, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting for their advice and consent. Sec. 3. That all letters and packages to and from the . Inspector-General shall be free from postage. Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the letter organization of the general staff of the Army of the United States. That the ... Inspector-General's . . . departments shall consist of the following officers, that is to say, an Adjutant and Inspector- General, with the rank, pay, and emolument of a brigadier-general, and not exceeding . . . eight inspectors-general, sixteen assistant inspectors-general. . . . Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby, authorized, if he shall deem it expedient, to assign one of the brigadiers- general to the principal Army of the United States, who .shall, in such case, act as Adjutant and Inspector-General, and as chief of staff of such Army. . . . Sec. 3. That ... all the other inspectors-general . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a colonel of infantry; the . . . assistant inspectors-general . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. ... Sec. 4. That . . . the assistant inspectors-general . . . shall be taken from theline. The . . . inspectors general . . . may be taken from the line or not, as the President may deem expedient. Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the Adjutant and Inspector-General, . . . inspectors-general, . . . which relate to their official duties, shall be tree from postage. 110 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., 22$). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States." * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be four brigade inspectors. . . . The brigade inspectors appointed under this act shall be taken from the line. ... May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, with- out material iniurv to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. An adjutant and Inspector-General, to be provisionally retained. Four brigade inspectors. * * * ( General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That, in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff be, and the same are hereby, so far established that the general staff shall in future consist of one adjutant and inspector general of the Army, and . . . one inspector-general . . . and an assistant . . . to every brigade, which shall supersede the brigade . . . inspectors now existing. . . . * * * Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 1$6). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. * * * Sec. 5. That the pay and emoluments of the inspector-generals of divisions be, and is nereby, raised to be equal to the pay and emolu- ments of the adjutant-generals of division. * * * Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 6. That there shall be . . . two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry. Ill Act of March 3, 1825 (4 Stats., 127). AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. * * * Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made b} T an inspector-general or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose. . . . Act of March 2, 1827 U Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. * * * Sec. 4. That the . . . inspectors-general ... be author- ized to frank, and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage. . . . * * * Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. The President is authorized to appoint two assistant adjutants- general, with the brevet rank of major, and four, with the brevet rank of captain, who shall be taken from the line of the army, and in addi- tion to their own shall perform the duties of assistant inspectors- general when the circumstances of the service may require. * * * Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512). AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That within one month of the passage of this act the offices of one inspector-general . . . shall be abolished. . . . Act of January 12, 181fi (9 Stats., 2). AN ACT to repeal the act which abolished the office of one of the inspectors-general of the Army, and to revive and establish said office. That so much of the fourth section of an act approved the twenty- third day of August, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, entitled "An act respecting the organization of the Army, and for other pur- poses," as directs that the office of one inspector-general of the Army shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and all acts and parts of acts so repealed shall be, and the same hereby are, revived and con- tinued in force. Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. * * * Sec. 2. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in addition 112 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. to the number authorized by existing laws and in accordance with existing regulations, five assistant inspectors-general, with the rank and pay of majors of cavalry . . . , to have the pay, rank, and allowance and perform the duties of similar officers in the present military establishment. . . . Act of August 6, 1861 (12 Stats., 317). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer Corps, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. 1 That the President of the United States is hereby author- ized to appoint two additional inspectors-general for the United States Army, said inspectors-general to have the same rank and receive the same pay and allowances as now provided by law for inspectors- general. * * # Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion, approved February twenty-eighth, seven- teen hundred and ninety-five, and the act amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * Sec. 10. That each army corps shall have . . . one assistant inspector-general, who shall bear, . . . , the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and who shall be assigned from the army or volunteer force by the President. . . . Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 11. That there shall be four inspectors-general of the Army, 2 with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; three assistant inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry, and two assistant inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry. * * * Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That, until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Inspector-General's Department. . . . 1 Section 4 of this act is repealed by section 3 of act of same date (12 Stats., 318). 2 Inspectors-general to designate, from time to time, what articles shall be kept by the Subsistence Department for sale to enlisted men. Provision repealed in section 1144, Revised Statutes. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL r S DEPARTMENT. 113 . Act of June 8, 1872 (17 Stats. , 338). AN ACT to authorize an appointment in the Inspector-General's Department. That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate, and, by and with the adv r ice and consent of the Senate, to appoint Nelson H. Davis, of the Inspector-General's Department, to the rank and place therein to which he is entitled, and which he would have held had the law of promotions by seniorit}' under the act of March third, eighteen hundred and fifty -one and the army regulations of eighteen hundred and sixty-three been carried out: Provided, That no officer in said department shall, by this act, be reduced from his present grade, nor shall any pay or allowance be made to any officer under it, except from the date of his confirmation: And provided further, That no pro- motion to the grade of inspector-general shall hereafter be made until the number of inspectors-general is reduced to four. Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 582). AN ACT to provide for the establishment of a military prison, and for its government. * * * Sec. 5. That one of the inspectors of the Army shall, at least once in three months, visit the prison for the purpose of examining into books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertain whether the laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kindness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report thereof to the Secretary of War. * * * Act of June 16, 187 (18 Stats., 77). AN ACT to authorize an appointment in the Inspector-General's Department. Whereas a vacancy of lieutenant-colonel in the Inspector-General's Department of the Army originated on the thirteenth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, to which Major Absalom Baird was entitled to be promoted under the laws then in existence, but from which he was excluded by reason of another appointment in said department previously made, and whereas an act of Congress approved June eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, which was passed with the intention of rectifying this wrong, has failed to secure to Major Baird his just rights: Therefore, That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate and promote Absalom Baird to be lieutenant-colonel and assistant inspector- general, to date from June thirteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty- seven; bat no pay or allowance shall be made to him for any time prior to the passage of this act. Act of June 23, 1874 (IS Stats., 2U)- AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. That the Inspector-General's Department shall consist of one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, and two majors, with the rank. pa y. a nd emolu- ments of officers of said grades; that the Secretary of War may, in addition, detail officers of the line, not to exceed four, to act as inspectors-general: Provided, That officers of the line detailed as acting S. Doc. 229 8 114 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. inspectors-general shall have all the allowances of cavalry officers of their respective grades; and no new appointment shall be made in the Inspector-General's Department until the number of inspectors-general is reduced to five. * * * Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staif. * * * REVISED STATUTES SECOND EDITION 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * An Inspector-General's Department. * * * Sec. 1131. There shall be five inspectors-general of the Army, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; provided no promotion shall be made until the number of inspectors-general is reduced to four; one assistant inspector-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; and two assistant inspectors-general, with the rank of major of cavalry. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the departments ... of inspector-general. . . . * * * Sec. 1348. One of the inspectors of the Army shall, at least once in three months, visit the [Military] prison for the purpose of examining into the books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertaining whether the laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kind- ness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report thereof to the Secretary of War. - * * * STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of December 12, 1878 (20 Stats., 257). AN ACT establishing the rank of the senior inspector-general. That from and after the passage of this act the rank of the senior inspector-general of the United States Army shall be brigadier-gen- eral; but no pay or allowances shall be made to said officer other than from the date of appointment under this act: And provided, That nothing herein enacted shall authorize any increase in the number or the rank of the other officers of the Inspector-General's Department as fixed by the first section of the act of June twenty-third, eighteen hundred and seventy-four. Act of March 3, 1883 '(22 Stats., 564). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the Inspector-General of the Army shall, in person, once in each year thoroughly inspect the Home, its records, accounts, THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 115 management, discipline, and sanitary condition, and shall report thereon in writing, together with such suggestions as he desires to make. Act of February 5, 1885 (23 Stats., 297). AN ACT relative to the Inspector-General's Department of the Army. That the Inspector-General's Department of the Army shall here- after consist of one Inspector-General, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of brigadier-general; two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonel; two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel; and two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of major: Provided, That the offices restored to the Inspector-General's Department, or added thereto, by this act, shall be filled by promotion of the officers now in that Department; and that thereafter appointments to fill vacancies in the Inspector-General's Department, and promotions therein, shall be made in conformity with sections eleven hundred and twenty-nine, eleven hundred and ninety-three, and twelve hundred and four of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and in the same manner as in the other staff departments of the Army. And all laws or parts of laws conflict- ing with this act are hereby repealed. Act of January 19, 1891 (26 Stats., 722). AN ACT to amend sections thirteen hundred and forty-six and thirteen hundred and forty-eight of the Revised Statutes of the United States, in reference to the visita- tion and inspection of the Military Prison and examination of its accounts and government. * * * "Sec. 1348. One of the inspectors-general of the Army shall, at Least once each year, visit the prison for the purpose of examining into the books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertaining whether the laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kindness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report thereof to the Secretary of War." Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred ana ninety-five, ana for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. . . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Inspector-General's . . . Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. 116 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF 0". S. ARMY. Act of August 18, 189 % (28 Stats., 372). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. * -x- -x- NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS. -x- * * That hereafter, once in each fiscal year, the Secretary of War shall cause a thorough inspection to be made of the National Home for Dis- abled Volunteer Soldiers, its records, disbursements, management, discipline, and condition, such inspection to be made by an officer of the Inspector-General's Department, who shall report thereon in writ- ing, and said report shall be transmitted to Congress at the first session thereafter. * * * Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. x- -x- * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an armj^ corps shall consist of . . . one inspector-general, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel; . . . the staff of the com- mander of a division shall consist of . . . one inspector-general, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . . Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 720). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase in the Inspector-General's Department of the Army. That the President is authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint one inspector-general with the rank of colonel, one inspector-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and one inspector-general with the rank of major: Provided, That the vacan- cies created in the grade of colonel and lieutenant-colonel by this act shall be filled by the promotion of officers now in the Inspector-General's Department according to senioritj 7 , and that upon the mustering out of the volunteer forces and the reduction of the Regular Army to a peace basis no appointments shall be made in the Inspector-General's Depart- ment until the number of officers in each grade in that department shall be reduced to the number now authorized by law. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... an Inspector-General's Depart- ment. . . . THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 117 Sec. 6. That the . . . Inspector-General's departments shall consist of the number of officers now in those departments, respectively: Provided, That vacancies in the grade of major occurring in either department shall hereafter be filled from captains in the line of the Army : And provided further, That all such captains who have evinced marked aptitude in the command of troops shall be reported by their regimental commanders to the War Department and shall be entitled to compete for any such vacancy under such system of examination as the President shall prescribe. . * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Three inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and six inspectors-general with the rank of major. Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT To increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this Act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... an Inspector- General's Department. ... * * * Sec. 14. That the Inspector-General's Department shall consist of one Inspector-General with the rank of brigadier-general, four inspect- ors-general with the rank of colonel, four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight inspectors-general with the rank of major: Provided, That all vacancies created or caused by this section shall be filled, as far as possible, by promotion according to seniority of officers of the Inspector-General's Department. * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Inspector-General's Department, including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of cap- tain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this Act, they shall be Eromoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided y law, and nothing herein contained shall Be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this Act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacan- cies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. 118 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or departmant shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this Act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this Act tne number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * Provided, That upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the grade of colonel in the Inspector-General's Department after the present lieu- tenant-colonels therein shall have been promoted or retired, such vacancy shall not be filled, and thereafter the number of officers author- ized for that department shall be as follows: One Inspector-General with the rank of brigadier-general; three inspectors-general with the rank of colonel; four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and nine inspectors-general with the rank of major. * * * Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Inspector-General's Department . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty- first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . . IV.-THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 119 THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. The offices of "Judge-Advocate-General" and "Judge-Advocate of the Army" (the first named, created in 1775, when William Tudor, a law pupil of John Adams and a leading counselor of Boston, was elected to that position) lapsed in 1802, the act of March 16, of that year, limiting the line of the Army to three regiments. The last named was revived by the act of January 11, 1812, and again discon- tinued on the reorganization of the Army in 1821. The act of March 2, 1849, authorized the President to appoint a suitable person as Judge- Advocate of the Army. The Bureau of Military Justice was created June 20, 1864, but by the act of July 5, 1884, it was, with the corps of judge-advocates, consolidated under the title of "Judge-Advocate- General's Department." 1775-1802. July 29, 177*5. Lieut. Col. William Tudor. Apr. 10, 1777. Lieut. Col. John Lawrence. July 9, 1782. James Innis, esq. Sept. 18, 1782. Maj. Richard Howell. Oct. 2, 1782. Lieut. Thomas Edwards, Ninth Massachusetts. June 2, 1797. Capt. Campbell Smith, Fourth Infantry. 1812-1821. Northern Division. Sept. 26, 1812. Maj. Thomas Gales ( ). Aug. 6, 1814. Henry Wheaton, esq. (New York). 1817. Rider H. Winder, esq. (Maryland). 1818. Samuel H. Storrow, esq. (Massachusetts). Southern Division. Mar. 18, 1813. Everett A. Bancker, esq. (New York) . July 9, 1814. Rider H. Winder, esq. (Maryland). 1815. James T. Dent, esq. (Georgia). 1818. Samuel H. Storrow, esq. (Massachusetts). Sept. 10, 1818. Stockley D. Hays, esq. (Tennessee). 1849-1901. Mar. 2, 1849. Bvt. Maj. John F. Lee, captain of ordnance (Virginia). Jul v 81, 1862. Maj. Levi C. Turner (New York) . S.p't . :;, 1862. Col. (Brig. Gen. June 22, 1864) Joseph Holt (District of Columbia) . Dec. 1, 1875. Brig. Gen. William McK. Dunn (Indiana). Feb. 18, 1881. Brig. Gen. David G. Swaim (Ohio). Jan. 3, 1895. Brig. Gen. Guido N. Lieber (New York). 121 THE JT DGE-ADYOCATE-GENERAI/S DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. July 29, 1775. Resolved, That the pay of the. . . . be . . . * * * Judge- Advocate, twenty dollars per do. (month). * * * William Tudor, esq., was elected Judge- Advocate of the Army. July SO, 1775. "William Tudor, esq., being appointed Judge- Advocate of the Continental Army, he is in all things relative to his office to be acknowledged and obeyed as such." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) September 21, 1775. Resolved, . . . That the pay of the Judge-Advocate in the Army in the Massachusetts Bay, for himself and his clerk, be fifty dollars per month from the time of his appointment. January 7, 1776. "That no mistake in regard to the said articles [new Articles of War] may possibly happen, each book is . . . countersigned upon the title page by William Tudor, esq., Judge- Advocate of the Army of the United Colonies." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) May 6, 1776. Resolved, That John Taylor be appointed judge-advocate to the continental troops in the colony of Virginia. August 10, 1776. Resolved, That William Tudor, Judge-Advocate-General, have the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States. September 20, 1776. Congress resumed the consideration of the Articles of War, which, being debated by paragraphs, were agreed to, as follows: * * SECTION xrv. * * Art. 3. The Judge- Advocate-General, or some person deputed by him, shall prosecute in the name of the United States of America. * # 123 124 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. October 21, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows: . . . To the . . . deputy judge-advocate, 6 rations, . . . April 10, 1777. "John Lawrence, esq., is appointed judge-advocate in the room of William Tudor, esq., who has resigned." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morris- toum.) April 11, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the pay of the judge-advocate be raised to 60 dollars a month. May 27, 1777. Resolved, That if General Gates, before General Schuyler's arrival at Albany, shall have appointed a . . . deputy judge-advocate for the northern army, the said appointments be confirmed; if not, that General Schuyler be empowered to make these appointments. June 6, 1777. Resolved, That the deputy judge-advocate in the northern army, and the deputy judge-advocate of the division of the Army now at Peek's- Kill, be allowed the rank, pay, and rations of captains. November 20, 1777. "Lieutenant John Marshall is, by the Judge- Ad vocate-Genenil, appointed deputy judge-advocate in the Army of the United States." (Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, White-Marsh. ) February 5, 1778. To assist and cooperate with the judge-advocate in conducting the trial of general officers who were in the Northern Department when Ticon- deroga and Mount Independence were evacuated, Congress authorized the appoint- ment of two counselors, and elected Jonathan D. Sergeant, esq., attorney-general of Pennsylvania, and William Patterson, esq., attorney-general of New Jersey. February 17, 1778. Resolved, That Brigadier R. Howe's appointment of Henry Puree! 1, to be deputy judge-advocate-general for the States of South Carolina and Georgia, be confirmed. March <27, 1778. Resolved, That John Lawrence, esq., Judge- Advocate-General, be hereafter allowed 75 dollars per month, his former rations, and forage for two horses. November 13, 1778. Resolved, That the commanding officer in the Southern Department be empowered, if he shall find it necessary, to appoint a deputy judge- advocate for the troops in Georgia, to act so long as occasion requires, and to be entitled to the usual monthly pay and allowance. THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GEKEEAL'S DEPARTMENT. 125 November 16, 1779. Resolved, That it be recommended to the executive authority of the respective States, upon the application of the judge-advocate for that purpose, to grant proper writs requiring and compelling the person or persons whose attendance shall be requested by the said judge to appear and give testimony in any cause depending before a court- martial: and that it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States to vest the necessary powers for the purposes aforesaid in their executive authorities, if the same be not already done. Resolved, That in cases not capital in trials in court-martial, deposi- tions may be given in evidence, provided the prosecutor and person accused are present at the taking of the same. December 21, 1779. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress, the subsistence of a judge-advocate be the same as the present subsistence of a col- onel; and that the subsistence of a deputy judge-advocate be the same as the present subsistence of a lieutenant-colonel. December 24, 1779. Resolved, That on the trials of cases not capital before courts-martial, the depositions of witnesses not in the line or staff of the Army may be taken before some justice of the peace, and read in evidence, pro- vided the prosecutor and person accused are present at the taking the same, or that notice be given of the times and places of taking such depositions to the opposite party four da} 7 s previous thereto, when the witness reside within the distance of thirty miles from such party, and six days when the witness reside above the distance of thirty, and not exceeding eighty miles, and a reasonable time for a greater distance. * * R, sol r, (I, That to encourage witnesses who do not belong to the Army to attend on courts-martial and give their evidence viva voce when required by the judge-advocate, the reasonable expenses of such witnesses shall be defrayed by the United States, and paid by the pay- in;i-ter to the board of war and ordnance, being first adjusted by the said board. hrcember 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War, having procured a small supply of shirts and linen, and directed the distribution of them among the officers of the . . . staff, who are not adopted hy any State, the clothier-general is to deliver Hum. upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November la>t. . . . Judge- Advocate." . . . {Orders, General Headquarters, Morris- ii, iiu. ) April 9, 1780. "Lieutenant Edwards, of Col. Jackson's regiment, is appointed deputy judge-advocate in the Army of the United States." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Morri8town.) July 15, 1780. llrsol i<<'d. Thai the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sepa- 126 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many baggage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: * * * Judge- Advocate 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses. * * * Deputy judge-advocate with a separate army 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses. * * * Resolved, That in addition . . . there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . . . Judge-Advocate, two. . . . November 10, 1780. Resolved, That the salary of John Lawrence, as Judge-Advocate, be settled at the rate of 60 dollars per month, from the time of his appointment to the 27th of March, 1778, and from that day to the 1st of August last, at the rate of 75 dollars per month; that the deprecia- tion on his pay shall be adjusted on the same principles as are directed with respect to that part of the line of the Army which is to be pro- vided for by Congress; that from the first day of August last, his pay and appointments be 140 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, exclu- sive of what is allowed to the office by the arrangement of the Quar- termaster's Department. That Mr. Edwards, besides his pay as a lieutenant, shall be entitled to an addition of 15 dollars per month as deputy judge-advocate, and that Mr. Strong shall, in all respects, excepting the rank of lieutenant, be entitled to the pay and appointments provided for Mr. Edwards for the time he hath or shall continue to execute the office of deputy judge-advocate. September 28, 1781. Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the States of which the Judge- Advocate and his assistants are respectively inhabit- ants to settle with them for the depreciation of their pay on the prin- ciples adopted in settlements with the officers of their respective State line. June 8, 1782. Congress accepted the resignation of John Lawrence, Judge- Advocate. July 9, 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge- Advocate for the Army, and, the ballots being taken, James Innis, esq., was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Bland, Va. July 11, 1782. Resolved, That the pay of the Judge- Advocate for the Army of the United States be 75 dollars per month; that he be allowed two rations per day, and 12f- dollars per month for subsistence; also a two-horse wagon, with forage for two saddle horses; that he be also allowed for a servant 6f dollars per month, for which servant he shall be entitled to draw the rations and clothing of a private in the Army. THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 127 Resolved, That the pay of a deputy judge-advocate for the southern army, "who shall be taken from the line, be 60 dollars per month, including his pay in the line; that he be allowed two rations per day, and 12f dollars per month for subsistence, including what he may be entitled to as an officer in the line; also a two-horse wagon, with forage for two saddle horses, including what he may be entitled to as an officer of the line; that he be also allowed for a servant 6f dollars per month, for which servant he shall be entitled to draw the rations and clothing of a private in the Army. In this last case he shall not be allowed a servant from the line. Resolved, That the deputy judge-advocate employed in the same army with the Judge-Advocate be taken from the line of the Army, who shall receive, in addition to his pay in the line, 15 dollars per month; that he be"also allowed for a servant the same as the Judge- Advocate, and that he be allowed forage for one saddle horse. Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the pay and allowance in the department of Judge-Advocate be, and the same are hereby, repealed. September 12, 1782. Mr. Innis having failed to signify his acceptance and it having been intimated that he would decline the office, Congress, September 18, elected Major Howell in his place, who, in turn, declined the office of Judge-Advocate, October 1, 1782. September 18, 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge-Advocate, and, the i ballots being taken, Major Richard Howell was elected, having been previously nomi- nated hy Mr. Boudinot. October 2, 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge-Advocate, and, the ballots being taken, Lieutenant Thomas Edwards was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Duane. October 7, 1782. "The honorable the Congress of the United States [has] been pleased by their resolutions of the 2d October, to appoint Lt. Thomas Edwards, of tin- 9th Massachusetts Regt., to be Judge-Advocate of the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, Verpank's Point.) October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different rank of officers: . . . * * * Judge- Advocate, one two-horse wagon. Deputy judge-advocate for the southern army, one two-horse wagon. * * * That there shall be allowed for saddle horses: * * * Judge-Advocate, 2 rations. Deput}' with a separate army, 2 rations. * * * November 12, 1782. "Lt. Samuel Cogswell, of the 9th Massachusetts Regt., is appointed deputy judge-advocate." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) 128 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507). AN ACT to amend and repeal, in part, the act entitled ' 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment -of the United States." * * * Sec. 2. That there shall be . . . one judge-advocate, who shall be taken from the commissioned officers of the line, and shall be entitled to receive two rations extra per day and twenty-five dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line; and whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public, to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof. # Act of April 10, 1806 (2 Stats., 359). AN ACT for establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States. Article 69. The judge-advocate, or some person deputed by him, or by the general or officer commanding the army detachment or gar- rison, shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but shall so far consider himself as counsel for the prisoner, after the said prisoner shall have made his plea, as to object to any leading question to any of the witnesses, or any question to the prisoner, the answer to which might tend to criminate himself; and administer to each member of the court before they proceed upon any trial the following oath: . . "You, A. B., do swear that you will well and truly try and deter- mine according to evidence the matter now before you between the United States of America and the prisoner to be tried, and that you will duly administer justice, according to the provisions of 'An act establishing rules and articles for the governnment of the armies* of the United States,' without partiality, favor or affection; and if any doubt shall arise, notexplained by said articles, according to your conscience, the best of your understanding, and the custom of war in like cases; and you do further swear that you will not divulge the sentence of the court until it shall be published by the proper authority; neither will you disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any partic- ular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in a due course or law. So help you God." And as soon as the said oath shall have been administered to the respective members the president of the court shall administer to the judge- advocate, or person officiating as such, an oath in the following words: "You, A. B.,do swear that you will not disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any particular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in due course of law; nor divulge the sentence of the court, to any but the proper authority, until it shall be duly disclosed by the same. So help you God." THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL's DEPARTMENT. 129 Article 90. Every judge-advocate, or person officiating as such, at any general court-martial, shall transmit, with as much expedition as the opportunity of time and distance of place can admit, the original roceedings and sentence of such court-martial to the Secretary of Var: said original proceedings and sentence shall be carefully kept and preserved in the office of said Secretary, to the end that the per- sons entitled thereto may be enabled, upon application to the said office, to obtain copies thereof. v Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * -x- * Sec. 19. That there shall be appointed to each division a judge- advocate, who shall be entitled to the same pay and emoluments as a major in the infantry; or, if taken from the line of the Army, shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pa}', and the same allowance for forage as is allowed by law for a major of infantry. * * * Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer who may be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive any pa}' or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than ho shall continue therein. May 17, 1815. . . . The acta of Congress . . . remain in force; as well as certain acts authorizing the appointment of judge-advocates. . . . (General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April % 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. Sec. 2. That . . . there be three judge-advocates to each divi- sion . . . who shall reeeive the pay and emoluments of a major, as heretofore allowed. Act of April /./,, t818 (>' Stats., 1,26). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. That so much of the . . . "act for organizing the general staff, and making further provision for the Army of the United States," passed April 24, 1816, as relates to . . . judge-advocates . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. 2. That there shall be . . . one judge-advocate, with the pay and emoluments of a topographical engineer, to each division. . . . * * * S. Doc. 229 9 130 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 2, 181,9 (9 Stats., 351). AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff and for an additional number of chaplains of the Army of the United States. -:: * * Sec. 4. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint a suitable person as judge-advocate for the Army, to be taken from the captains in the Army, who shall have the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of cavalry. . . . Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. -:: -x- x- Sec. 5. That the President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a Judge- Advocate-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry, to whose office shall be returned for revision the records and proceedings of all the courts-martial and military commissions, and where a record shall be kept of all proceed- ings had thereupon. And no sentence of death or imprisonment in the penitentiary shall be carried into execution until the same shall have been approved by the President. Sec. 6. That there may be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for each army in the field a judge-advocate, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a major of cavalry, who shall perform the duties of judge-advocate for the army to which they respective^ belong, under the direction of the Judge-Advocate-General. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 743). AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 28. That the judge-advocate shall have power to appoint a reporter, whose duty it shall be to record the proceedings of and testi- mony taken before military courts, instead of the judge-advocate. Act of March 3, 1863(12 Stats., 744). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year ending the 30 (th) of June, 1863, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 25. That every judge-advocate of a court-martial or court of inquiry hereafter to be constituted shall have power to issue the like process to compel witnesses to appear and testify which courts of criminal jurisdiction within the State, Territory, or district where such military courts shall be ordered to sit may lawfully issue. THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 131 Act of June 20th, 186 4 (13 Stats., 1U). AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That there shall be attached to, and made a part of, the War Department, during the continuance of the present rebellion, a bureau, to be known as the Bureau of Military Justice, to which shall be returned fur revision the records and proceedings of all the courts- martial, courts of inquiry , and militaiy commissions of the armies of the United States, and in which a record shall be kept of all proceed- ings had thereupon. Sec. 6. That the President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, as the head of said Bureau, a Judge- Advocate- General, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a brigadier-general, and an Assistant Judge-Advocate-General with the rank, pay, and allowances of a colonel of cavalry. And the said Judge-Advocate- General and his assistant shall receive, revise, and have recorded the proceedings of the courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military com- missions of the armies of the United States and perform such other duties as have heretofore been performed by the Judge-Advocate- General of the armies of the United" States. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). A X ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 12. That the Bureau of Military Justice shall hereafter consist of one Judge-Advocate-General, with the rank, pa}^, and emoluments 4 of a brigadier-general, and one Assistant Judge- Advocate-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; and the said Judge- Advocate-General shall receive, revise, and have recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military com- missions, and shall perform such other duties as have been heretofore performed by the Judge-Advocate-General of the Arm}'. And of the judge-advocates now in office there may be retained a number not exceeding ten, to be selected by the Secretary of War, who shall per- form their duties under the direction of the Judge- Advocate-Gen era I until otherwise provided by law, or until the Secretary of War shall decide that their services can be dispensed with. * * * Act of February 25, 1867 (U Stats., 410). AN ACT to amend section twelve, chapter two handled Bad ninety-nine, of the laws of the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress. That the last clause of section twelve, of chapter two hundred and ninety-nine of the laws of first session Thirty-ninth Congress, approved .1 uly twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, is hereby amended by repealing all after and including the words "until otherwise pro- vided by law,' 1 so as to place the judge-advocates thereby authorized to be retained in service upon the same footing in respect of tenure of office and otherwise as other officers of the Army of tne United States. 132 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of April 10, 1869 (16 Stats., U)- AN ACT to declare and fix the status of judge-advocate of the Army. That the number of judge-advocates of the Army be, and the same is herebjr, fixed at eight, and the President is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to fill all vacancies which have occurred or may hereafter occur therein. Act of June 23, 18? % (18 Stats., %M). AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army, -x- * * Sec. 2. That the Bureau of Military Justice shall hereafter consist of one Judge-Advocate-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; and the said Judge- Advocate-General shall receive, revise, and have recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military commissions, and shall perform such other duties as have been heretofore performed by the Judge-Advocate- General of the Army. In the corps of judge-advocates no appoint- ments shall be made as vacancies shall occur until the number shall be reduced to four, which shall hereafter be the permanent number of the officers of that corps. * * * Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff. * * * REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION- 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * A Bureau of Military Justice. Eight judge-advocates. * * * Sec. 1198. The Bureau of Military Justice shall consist of one Judge- Advocate-General, with the rank of brigadier-general, and one Assist- ant Judge- Advocate-General, with the rank of colonel of cavalry. Sec. 1199. The Judge-Advocate-General shall receive, revise, and cause to be recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military commissions, and perform such other duties as have been performed heretofore by the Judge- Advocate-General of the Army. Sec. 1200. There shall be eight judge-advocates of the Army, with the rank of major of cavalry. Sec. 1201. Judge-advocates shall perform their duties under the direction of the Judge- Advocate-General. Sec. 1202. Every judge-advocate of a court-martial shall have power to issue the like process to compel witnesses to appear and testify which courts of criminal jurisdiction within the State, Territory, or district where such military courts shall be ordered to sit may law- fully issue. THE JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 133 Sec. 1203. The judge-advocate of a military court shall have power to appoint a reporter, who shall report the proceedings of, and testi- mony taken before, such court, and may set down the same, in the first instance, in shorthand. The reporter shall, before entering upon his duty, be sworn, or affirmed, faithfully to perform the same. * * * Sec. 1342. . . . * * * Art. 90. The judge-advocate shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but when the prisoner has made his plea, or when the same has been entered by order of the court, he shall so far consider himself counsel for the prisoner as to object to any leading question to any of the witnesses, and to any question to the prisoner, the answer to which might tend to criminate himself. Art. 91. The depositions of witnesses residing beyond the limits of the State, Territory, or district in which any military court may be ordered to sit, if taken on reasonable notice to the opposite party and duly authenticated, may be read in evidence before such court in cases not capital. Art. 92. All persons who give evidence before a court-martial shall be examined on oath or affirmation in the following form: " You swear (or affirm) that the evidence you shall give, in the case now in hearing, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. So help vou God." * * * Art. 113. Every judge-advocate, or person acting as such, at any general court-martial, shall, with as much expedition as the opportunity of time and distance of place may admit, forward the original pro- ceedings and sentence of such court to the Judge-Advocate-General of the Army, in whose office they shall be carefully preserved. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 664). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . the J udge- Advocate-General. . . . * * * Act <>f July r>, 1884 (23 Stats., 113). AN ACT to consolidate the Bureau of Military Justice and the Corps of Judge- Advo- cates of the Army, and for other purposes. That the Bureau of Military Justice and the Corps of J udge- Advocates of the Army be, and the same are hereby, consolidated under the title of Judge- Advocate-General's Department, and shall consist of one J udge- Advocate-General, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a colonel; three deputy judge-ad vocate-gcnerals, with the rank, pay, and 134 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. allowances of lieutenant-colonels, and three judge-advocates, with the rank, pay, and allowances of majors; the colonels and lieutenant-colonels to be selected by seniority from the present Corps of Judge-Advocates. And the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to detail such number of officers of the line as he may deem necessary to serve as acting judge- advocates of military departments, who shall have while on such duty the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry. Sec. 2. Promotions in the Judge- Advocate-General's Department, as provided in the first section of this act, shall be by seniority up to and including the rank of colonel. Sec. 3. That nothing herein shall be construed to interfere with the rank or position of any officer now holding a commission in either the Bureau of Military Justice or Corps of Judge- Advocates. Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 277). AN ACT to amend the Articles of War, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That whenever a court-martial shall sit in closed session, the judge-advocate shall withdraw, and when his legal advice or his assist ance in referring to recorded evidence is required, it shall be obtained in open court. * * * Sec. 4. That judge-advocates of departments and of courts-martial, . . . are hereby authorized to administer oaths, for the purposes of the administration of military, justice, and for other purposes of militarv administration. * * * Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one judge-advocate, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. ... * * * Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... a Judge-Advocate-General's Department. . . . * * * Sec. 7. That the Judge- Advocate-General's Department . . . shall consist of the officers . . . now provided by law: . . . And provided, also, That no person in civil life shall hereafter be appointed a judge-advocate . . . until he shall have passed satis- factorily such examination as to his moral, mental, and physical quali- fications as may be prescribed by the President; and no such person shall be appointed wno is more than forty-four years of age: Provided THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 135 further, That in case of the appointment of an officer who has served in a similar capacity during the war with Spain, and has demonstrated his moral, mental, and physical qualifications for the position, then such an examination shall not be required. * * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in serv- ice or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Five judge-advocates with the rank of major. Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... a Judge- Advocate-General's Department. . . . * * * Sec. 15. That the Judge-Advocate-General's Department shall con- sist of one Judge- Advocate-General with the rank of brigadier-general, two judge-advocates with the rank of colonel, three judge-advocates with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, six judge-advocates with the rank of major, and for each geographical department or tactical division of troops not provided with a judge-advocate from the list of officers hold- ing permanent commissions in the Judge- Advocate-General's Depart- ment one acting judge-advocate with the rank, pay, and allowances of captain, mounted. Promotions to vacancies above the grade of major, created or caused by this act, shall be made, according to seniority, from officers now holding commission in the Judge- Advocate-General's Department. Vacancies created or caused by this act in the grade of major may be filled by appointment of officers holding commissions as judge-advocate of volunteers since April twenty-first, eighteen hun- dred and ninety-eight. Vacancies which may occur thereafter in the grade of major in the Judge- Advocate-General's Department shall be filled by the appointment of officers of the line, or of persons who have satisfactorily served as judge-advocates of volunteers since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, or of persons from civil life who at date of appointment are not over thirty-five years of age and who shall pass a satisfactory examination to be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Acting juage-advocates provided for herein shall be detailed from officers of the grades of captain or first lieutenant of the line of the Army who while so serving shall continue to hold their commissions in the arm of the service to which they permanently belong. Upon completion of a tour of duty not exceeding four years they shall be returned to the aim in which commissioned, and shall not be again detailed until they shall have completed two years' duty with the arm of the service in which commissioned. 136 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Sec. 26. . . . That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President ma} 7 appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, offi- cers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now provided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in an} 7 corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allow- ances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or depart- ment chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or department holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the offi- cers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at an} 7 time exceeds the number author- ized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Act of March 0, 1901 {31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Judge- Advocate-General's Department. . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty -first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . .. V.-THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 187 THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. The earliest legislation relating to the Quartermaster's Department dates from June 16, 1775, when Congress " resolved that there be one Quartermaster-General for the grand Army and one deputy under him for the separate army," and May 14, 1777, Congress adopted regula- tions for the guidance of the Quartermaster-General and his assistants. The resignation of General Mifflin (the first Quartermaster-General), November 7, 1777, made the condition of that Department, without an ostensible head and with an organization to a certain extent defective and incomplete, a subject of much solicitude to General Washington. February 5, 1778, Congress adopted the following plan for carrying into execution the business of the Quartermaster's Department: First. The military line to be styled the Quartermaster-General's, which is to include the regulating of marches, encampments, order of battle, etc., as described in the books of the profession. This officer not to have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums for defraying petty expenses in the Army. Second. The commissary of forage, who is to be confined to that article in his purchases. Third. The commissary for horses and wagons. Fourth. The agents for the purchase of tents, entrenching tools, building of barracks, and for all the smaller supplies of the Depart- ment. The three last to be governed in their purchases by the estimates and orders of the Quartermaster-General or the Board of War. April 17, 1779, the Quartermaster-General was directed to estab- lish regulations for the conduct, mustering' and paying of a corps of wagoners. July 15, 1780, Congress resolved that there be one Quartermaster- General and one assistant quartermaster-general, to be appointed by Congress, and one deputy quartermaster for each army, to be appointed by the Quartermaster-General, and promulgated a code of regulations for the government of the Quartermaster's Department. July 25, 1785, the " Department of Quartermaster-General" ceased to exist. The Quartermaster's Department, eo nomine, was first organized under the act of March 28, 1812. Under its provisions the office of "purveyor of public supplies" was abolished and its duties divided between the Quartermaster's and the Purchasing Departments. The Army Register of May 1, 1813, under authority of the act of March 3, same year, defined the respective duties of the Quartermas- ter's and the Purchasing Departments in reference to purchases so as to commit to the former the purchase of forage, fuel, soldiers' bedding, 139 140 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. stationery, dragoon and artillery horses, means of transportation, and material for the construction and repair of barracks, hospitals, and bridges. The act of May 18, 1826, made it the duty of the Quartermaster's Department to receive from the Purchasing Department and distribute to the Army all clothing and camp and garrison equipage. The abol- ishment, by the act of August 23, 1812, of the office of Commissary- General of Purchases devolved the purchase of clothing upon the Quartermaster's Department. Aug. June Oct. Mar. Aug. Mar. Apr. June Tune Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. May June May Feb. Feb. July June Aug. Feb. Feb. 1775. Col. Thomas Mifflin (Pennsylvania). 1776. Col. Stephen Moylan (Pennsylvania). 1776. Brig. Gen. Thomas Mifflin (Pennsylvania). 1778. Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Greene (Rhode Island). 1780. Col. Thomas Pickering (Massachusetts). 1791. Lieut. Col. Samuel Hodgdon (Pennsylvania). 1792. Lieut. Col. James O'Hara (Pennsylvania). 1796. Lieut. Col. John Wilkins, jr. (Pennsylvania). 1799. Maj. Gen. John Wilkins, jr, (Pennsylvania). 1812. Brig. Gen. Morgan Lewis (New York). 1813. Brig. Gen. Robert Swartwout (New York). 1816. Col. James R. Mullany (New York), Northern Division. Col. George Gibson (Pennsylvania), Southern Division. 1818. Brig. Gen. William Cumming (Georgia). 1818. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup (Ohio). 1860. Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (Virginia). 1861. Brig. Gen. Montgomery C. Meigs (Pennsylvania). 1882. Brig. Gen. Daniel H. Rucker (Michigan). 1882. Brig. Gen. Rufus Ingalls (Maine). 1883. Brig. Gen. Samuel B. Holabird (Connecticut). 1890. Brig. Gen. Richard N. Batchelder (New Hampshire). 1896. Brig. Gen. Charles G. Sawtelle (Maine). 1897. Brig. Gen. George H. Weeks (Maine). 1898. Brig. Gen. Marshall I. Ludington (Pennsylvania). THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Resolved, . . . That there be one Quartermaster-General for the grand army and one deputy under him for the separate army. That the pay of the Quartermaster-General be eighty dollars per month and that of the deputy forty dollars per month. July 17, 1775. Resolved, That a deputy quartermaster-general be appointed for the said [New York] department. Donald Campbell, esq., elected to that office. Ordered, That Mr. D. Campbell have the rank of colonel in the Army. July 19, 1775. Resolved, That the appointment of si Quartermaster-General . . . be left to General Washington. July 29, 1775. Resolved, . . . That the appointment of . . . wagon master and master carpenter be left to the Commander in Chief of the Army, who is to fix their pay, having regard to the pay they receive in the ministerial army and the proportion that the pay of the officers in said army bears to the pay of our officers. * * * Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General and every of their [his] deputies shall take an oath truly and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective stations. August 9, 1775. "Mr. John Goddard is appointed by the Commander in Chief wagon master general to the Army of the twelve Unit-<1 Colonies." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) August 14, 1775. "Major Thomas Mifflin is appointed Quartermaster-General to the Army of the United Colonies." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) [May 26, 1776, he was appointed brigadier-general, and October 1, 1776, was requested to resume the duties of Quartermaster-General J . August 16, 1775. John Parke, esq., maappointed an assistant to the Quartermaster- General. (Orders, General Heudqnarlrrx, Cambridge.) September 22, 1775. John Gizzage Frazer was appointed assistant to the Quarter- master-General for the district of Prospect and Winter Hill. (Orders, General Head({uarter8, Cambridge.) 141 142 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. September 23, 1775. Resolved, That a committee be appointed to purchase a quantity of woolen goods for the use of the Army, to the amount of five thousand pounds sterling. That the said goods, when bought, be placed in the hands of the quartermasters-general of the Continental armies, and that the same be by them sold out to the private soldiers of said armies at prime cost and charges, including a commission of five per centum to the said quartermasters-general for their trouble. That the committee consist of five. The ballot being taken and examined, the following members were chosen: Mr. Lewis, Mr. Alsop, Mr. Willing, Mr. Deane, and Mr. Langdon. October 5, 1775. Resolved, That Timothy Mattack, of this city, be employed as a store- keeper, and that the implements provided for the hussars, and the tents, and linen, etc., purchased for the Army, be put under his care. November 2, 1775. Resolved, That 3,000 felt hats, 3,000 worsted caps, 3,000 pair of buckskin breeches, 3,000 pairs of shoes, 3,000 pairs of yarn stockings, and 3,000 waistcoats, suitable for the season, be immediately purchased and sent to the Army, under the command of General Schuyler, to be sold to the soldiers at prime cost, including charges of carriage and five per cent to the deputy quartermaster-general, by whom the said goods are to be sold. * * * Resolved, That as much duffels or kersey as will make three hun- dred watch coats be purchased and sent to General Schuyler, with needles and thread, to be made into watch coats, and that these be charged to the Continent and kept for the use of the out centries. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to purchase the foregoing articles. The members chosen: Mr. Alsop, Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Sherman. November 4,, 1775. Resolved, That it be recommended to the several legislatures of New England to empower the General to impress carriages, vessels, horses, and other things necessary, at a reasonable rate, for the transportation or march of the Army, or any part of it, or on any other emergency, and that this power be deputed in writing, under the hand of the Gen- eral to the Quartermaster-General, or to any inferior officer, who are to be accountable for any abuse thereof. November 16, 1775. "Col. Brewer will be appointed barrack master until some- thing better worth his acceptance can be provided." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) [On the rearrangement of the Army Colonel Brewer was assigned to the command of a regiment heretofore under Colonel Whitcomb, but waived his right in favor of the latter. ] November 18, 1775. The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bullocks that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Quartermaster- General, who is also to provide as many as he can get, and have the whole made into good powderhorns, for the use of the troops. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cam- bridge.) THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 143 November 27, 1775. Resolved* That the troops in the service of the Continent be supplied with fuel and bedding at the expense of the Continent. December 22, 1775. Rewired, That the Quartermaster-General have the rank of a colonel in the Army of the United Colonies. February 5, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the appointments by General Schuyler of . . . Gysbert Marselis, esq., to be barrack master, . and Mr. Philip Van Rennselaer, to be storekeeper at Albany, be con- firmed; and that General Schuyler be desired to inform Congress of the proper salaries to be annexed to those offices. February 20, 1776. "As it is necessary that every regiment should be furnished with colours, and that those colours should, if it can be done, bear some kind of similitude to the uniform of the regiment to which they belong, the colonels, with their respective brigadiers and the Q. M. Genl., may fix upon such as are proper and can be procured. There must be to each regiment the standard ( or regimental colours) and colours for each grand division, the whole to be small and light. The number of the regiment is to be marked on the colours, and such a motto as the colonel may choose, in fixing upon which the General advises a consultation amongst them. The colonels are to delay no time in getting this matter fixed, that the Q. M. General may provide the colours as soon as possible." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) March S, 1776. "The Q. M. General may draw the carbines out of the commis- sary's stores, and put them into the hands of the carpenters, or such others, as he shall think will use them to the best advantage, taking care to return them when called for. AH arms in store, fit for use, may be delivered out to the Adjutant-General's order." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) March 28, 1776. Resolved, That Mr. William Finney be appointed a deputy quarter- master in the Southern Department. May 7, 1776. Resolved, . . . That a deputy quartermaster-general be appointed for the Southern Department, to be employed in North Carolina. * * * ( 'ongress proceeded to the election of a deputy quartermaster-general for the Southern Department, and the ballots being taken, Nicholas Long, esq., was elected. Iirsoli'rd, That Nicholas Long, esq., have the rank of a colonel in the ( ontinental Army. May 11, 1776. "His Excellency has been pleased to appoint Hugh Hughes, esq., MBHttint quartermaster-general. ' ' (Orders, dun nil J/nii/i/iiiirti-rx, Mnv York.^ June 5, 1776. Resolred, That the . . . deputy quartermaster-general, . . . make regular returns and report to Congress, and to the respective officers to whom they are deputies, at least once a month, and tnat the principals also make returns at the same periods. 144 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the assistant quartermasters be allowed captain's pay. * * * Congress then proceeded to the election of an . . . and Quarter- master-General, to fill up the vacancies in these offices; when the bal- lots being taken and examined, * * * Stephen Moylan, esq., was elected Quartermaster-General. Resolved, . . . That Stephen Moylan, esq., have the pay of 80 dollars a month and the rank of colonel. June 7, 1776. "The honorable the Continental Congress have been pleased to appoint Stephen Moylan, esq., to be Quartermaster-General, in the room of Thomas Mifflin, esq., preferred." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) July 8, 1776. The Congress then proceeded to the election of a deput}^ quarter- master-general for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken, Clement Biddle was elected deputy quartermaster-general for the flying camp and for the militia of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ordered to rendezvous at Trenton. July 30, 1776. "The Quartermaster-General is to provide canteens as soon as pos- sible, and to have the water in the several works in casks examined, that there may be afresh supply if necessary." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) August 2, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General and deputy quartermasters-general in the several departments be directed to trans- mit weekly to Congress an account of the moneys they respectively receive from the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general. That the . . . Quartermaster-General, . . . and deputy quartermasters-general be directed to make monthly returns, at least, of the stores under their direction and the distribution of them. August 17, 1776. Resolved, That Gustavus Risberg be appointed assistant to Clement Biddle, deputy quartermaster-general to the flying camp, and that he reside at Philadelphia. August 25, 1776. "Colonel Morgan Lewis is appointed deputy quartermaster- general of the Northern Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Ticonderoga.) September 12, 1776. Congress then proceeded to the election of sundry officers; and the ballots being taken, * * * . . . was elected . . . , and Morgan Lewis, esq., deputy quartermaster-general of the said army [in Northern Department]. September 14, 1776. "Capt. Brown is excused from duty, on account of assisting the Quartermaster-General." (Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 145 September 26, 1776. Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General and deputy quartermaster-general and their assistants in the several departments be directed to apply to Mr. Mease for such articles of . . . camp equipage and other utensils which they may want to purchase in the State of Pennsylvania for the use of the Army. September 28, 1776. "Stephen Moylan, esq., having resigned his office of Quarter- master-General, Brigadier-General Mifflin is appointed thereto till the pleasure of Congress is known." {Orders, General Headquarters, Harlem Heights.) October L, 1776. Stephen Moylan, esq., having resigned his office of Quartermaster- General of the Continental Army, Resolved, That Brigadier-General Mifflin be authorized and requested to resume the said office, and that his rank and pay as brigadier be still continued to him. October 2, 1776. Resolved, . . . The committee appointed to confer with Briga- dier-General Mifflin reported that upon the conference they find the following supplies will be necessary for the use and comfort of the Army, which ought to be procured as soon as may be, viz, 200 wagons with four horses each, 50 ox teams with 2 oxen each for various small services, 100 strong horses for the artillery, 50 horses for expresses and commissary uses, 25,000 bushels of indian corn, 15,000 bushels of oats, 10,000 bushels of rye meal, 10,000 bushels of spelts, 1,800 tons of haj% 50 cutting boxes, 2,000 axes, 2,000 wheel and hand barrows, 8,000 cords of wood, a set of carpenters' tools for each regiment, a wagon- master and one deputy, 20 conductors of wagons on captains' pay, allowing 10 wagons for each conductor, 5 conductors for artillery, 100 casks of nails and spikes, 10,000 knapsacks, 10,000 camp kettles, two million feet of boards, planks, and joists, for barracks, platforms, &c. That a company of 50 blacksmiths should be immediately sent to camp, 12 harness and collar makers, and 25 wheelwrights. Resolved, . . . That one-eighth part of a dollar over and above their soldiers' pay be allowed to such persons as are necessarily draughted for quartermasters' uses; That as 5,000 tents will be necessary for the spring campaign they be provided in due time; That it be recommended to the several States to make legal provi- sion to compel the furnishing of necessary supplies and assistance to the Quartermaster-General of the Continental Army on reasonable terms for the public use. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to consider of a plan for providing carriages for the public service, so as any demands may be speedily complied with, and all oppression of private persons effectually prevented. The members chosen, Mr. Witherspoon, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Hunt- ington. Octobers, 1776. "The Quartermaster-General is to use the greatest diligence in providing straw for the accommodation of the troops." (Orders, General Headquar- ters, Harlem Height*.) S. Doc. 229 10 146 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. October 10, 1776. Resolved, That the quartermasters in every department be ordered to avoid pressing horses and carriages as much as possible; and, when it is necessary, that they be directed to go to the country houses for that purpose; and discharge, as soon as the service will admit, such horses and carriages so impressed; and that no violence whatever be done to any persons, their horses, or carriages, who go to the camp of their own accord to sell provisions or other necessaries of an} r kind. October 15, 1776. Deputy Quartermaster-General William Davies, resigned. October M, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows: . To the . . . deputy quartermaster-general, 6 rations. . . . October 8%, 1776. The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at Portsmouth in the brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the following articles, viz, . . . 4,000 yards of small canvas; . ' . . whereupon Resolved, . . . That the remainder of the canvas [part of it had been allotted for use of the frigate Rawley] be made into tents and sent to the northern army. October 23, 1776. Congress being informed that a vessel from London to Quebec, loaded with dry goods, among which are a quantity of blankets and coarse cloths fit for soldiers' clothing, was lately taken and brought to Rhode Island, Resolved, That Governor Cooke be requested immediately to pur- chase at Continental expense, for the use of the Army under General Washington, all the said blankets and cloths; that the blankets be sent to General Washington, and the cloths made up agreeable to the direction of Brigadier-General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General. November , 1776. Resolved, That the wagon-master-general be directed to take charge of the horses belonging to the continent and prepare them for service as soon as possible. November 22, 1776. Messrs. Paca of Maryland, Ross of Pennsylvania, and Wither- spoon of New Jersey were constituted a committee to repair to General Washing- ton's headquarters to confer with and assist him in improving the present state of the Army, which, owing to past and future disbandments, may be met by a largely superior force. November 27, 1776. A letter from Mr. Ross, Mr. Paca, and Mr. Witherspoon,was read, informing that they have appointed an assistant quartermaster, . . . to provide for a number of sick and take care of the stores sent to Princeton. . Ordered, That the President inform them that Congress approve of the appointments. THE QUAKTEKM ASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 147 November 29, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to provide, as soon M may be, . . . equipage for 3,000 horse. November 30, 1776. Resolved, That the board of war be directed to purchase, for the public service, six wagons, with four horses and proper harness to each wagon, and to employ suitable drivers. December 2, 1776. Resolved, That the board of war be directed to purchase, immedi- ate^, ten or twelve covered wagons for the artillery. December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, the Quartermaster-Gen- eral was directed to remove certain stores to a place of safety. December 30, 1776. FOR THE BETTER REGULATING WAGONS IN THE NORTHERN ARMY. Resolved, That two wagons be allowed to each company on a march, and one wagon to the colonel, one to the lieutenant-colonel and major, one to the staff of a regiment, and one for the particular use of the director of the hospital. Each wagon to be drawn by two horses (except that for the colonel, which is to be allowed four horses), and subject to such orders as shall from time to time be issued by the gen- eral or commanding officer. December 31, 1776. Resolved, That a letter be written to General Washington, desiring him to order . . . the Quartermaster-General to pursue the same mode (sending agents into each State) for procuring a sufficient quan- tity of tent cloth, and that they be severally directed to apply to the States to afford all necessary assistance therein. . . . January , 1777. Resolved, That Gerard Hopkins, son of Richard, be appointed a deputy quartermaster. January 9, 1777. Resolved, That Udney Hay, esq., be appointed a lieutenant-colonel by brevet and assistant deputy quartermaster-general, and stationed at Ticonderoga. January 18, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the committee of Congress in Philadelphia be desired to inform the Quartermaster-General what number of horses and oxen in the public stables at Philadelphia are fit for service; That they employ a careful person to distribute in the country such of them as are disabled, there to be recruited in the cheapest manner; That the keepers of the continental stables admit no horses or teams to be received into or taken out of the same unless by order of a gen- 148 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. eral officer commanding in the place where the stables are respectively kept; or of the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-gen- eral, or wagon master or deputy wagon-master-general. February 4, 1777. " The Quartermaster-General will, in future; deliver the following rations of provender for the horses employed in the service, viz, for light horse, 16 lbs. of hay and 15 quarts of oats, or 6 quarts of indian corn or other grain in lieu thereof; for officers' horses belonging to the foot, who are authorized to draw prov- ender, 14 lbs. hay and 6 quarts of oats, or 4 quarts of indian corn or other grain in lieu thereof . " {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) April 11, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the pay of the deputy quartermaster- general in the Northern Department be raised to 60 dollars a month, in consideration of the extraordinary trouble that attends the execution of the office in that department April 21, 1777. Resolved, That James Mease, clothier-general, be directed to deliver to General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the cloth in his possession fit for tents. April 24, 1777. Congress authorized General Washington to order General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, to continue in Philadelphia for some time, if the public service would admit of his absence from the Army. May 13, 1777. Ordered, That the secret committee deliver to the Quartermaster- General the linen in their hands fit for tents. May U, 1777. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General of the Army be author- ized and empowered to appoint one commissary of forage for the Army, and one for each of the military departments thereof, with such and so many forage masters as he shall judge necessary. 2. That the duty of the commissary of forage shall be to purchase such quantities of forage and store the same in such magazines as the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of any de- partment shall from time to time order and direct. That the com- missaries shall conform themselves in making purchases to such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed to them by the quartermaster- general of the department to which they shall severally belong. 3. That all forage purchased by any commissary of forage and delivered into any magazine shall be received by the forage master thereunto appointed, who shall give his receipt for the same, specify- ing the sort, quantity, and quality, as a voucher for the commissary of forage, to be by him produced to the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of the department in support of his account. 4. The commissaries of forage shall make a monthly return to the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of the depart- ment of all forage by them purchased, specifying to what forage master and into which magazine the same was delivered, that the forage master may stand charged therewith. THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 149 5. No forage master to whose care any magazine of forage shall be committed shall issue any part thereof unless by a written order of the Commander in Chief, the commander in chief of the department, the commanding officer of the post where such magazine may be estab- lished, the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of the department, or one of his assistants, the wagon-master-general, or any other wagon master; such orders to specify for whose use the for- age is intended; and every such order to be filed by the forage master, and a regular entry thereof made, in a book to be by him kept for that purpose, as a voucher for the expenditure of the forage by him received. 6. The forage masters shall make monthly returns to the Quarter- master-General and deputy quartermaster-general of the departments they belong to of the state of their magazines, specifying the quantity left in store at the first and every succeeding return, the quantity received since the last return, the expenditure since such return, and what remains on hand. 7. And whereas it frequently happens that there is a necessity to detain hired carriages, the owners whereof were to find their own for- age, far beyond the time for which the owners thereof agreed to serve, and who, if their own forage is expended, must have recourse to the public magazines, it is resolved that sucb persons so detained and become destitute of forage shall, upon the written order of any of the officers mentioned in the fifth resolution, be supplied out of the public magazines, and the wagon master, before he signs the discharge for any such hired carriage, shall direct the forage master to endorse thereon the quantity, sort, and quality of the forage furnished such person, that the same may be deducted out of the wages due to the owner of such hired carriage; all which deductions shall, by the Quartermaster- General or deputy quartermaster-general of the department, be carried to the credit of the forage master's accounts who shall have furnished the forage. 8. If the commissary of forage in any department should be ordered to procure such large quantities of forage as to render it impossible for him to do it without assistance, the Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermaster-general of the department shall direct one or more of nis assistants to aid the commissary of forage, pointing out the districts in which they are severally to purchase, that one may not enhance the price by bidding above another. 9. Whereas, notwithstanding the orders that have been from time to time issued by general officers of our Army to prevent the loss and embezzlement of intrenching tools and other military stores, great waste hath been made; to prevent which, for the future, it is resolved that every commissary of stores, storekeeper, or person to whose charge and care any military stores of what kind whatsoever shall be com- mitted, shall pass his receipt, and stand charged to be accountable for the same, ana shall not issue any of them without taking a receipt for the same, the receiver promising to be accountable; and if any person having received any such stores shall lose or embezzle the same,' the commissary, storekeeper, or person by whom they were delivered shall charge him with the value thereof and transmit a copy of such charge to the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general of the depart- ment, who is to charge the same to the paymaster of the corps such person may belong to, unless it shall appear that such loss happened without any blamable negligence or omission; and if such person in 150 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the continental service shall sell or otherwise dispose of any stores committed to his care without a written order for so doing, issued by the Commander in Chief or the commander in chief of the department, or by a general officer commanding at a separate post, he shall be punished for theft. 10. The wagon-master-general of the Army, or wagon master in any of the departments thereof, shall receive from the Quartermaster- General or deputy quartermaster-general of any department all such horses, cattle, and carriages as the service may require; and neither the wagon-master-general nor any other wagon master shall on any account presume to purchase any horses, cattle, or carriages for the public service without the express order of the Commander in Chief, the commander in chief of the department, the Quartermaster-General, or deputy quartermaster-general of a department; nor shall the wagon- master-general, or any other wagon master, hire any horses, cattle, or carriages unless by the authority aforesaid or by that of an assistant deputy quartermaster-general. 11. The Quartermaster-General shall appoint such assistants and make such arrangements for conducting the business of his department as to him and to the Commander in Chief and commander of the depart- ments shall seem most conducive to the public weal; and a copy of such arrangements, specifying the names of the assistants, commissaries of forage, wagon masters, forage masters, and clerk of the several depart- ments shall be transmitted to the board of war; and every assistant of the Quartermaster-General of the Army, and every assistant of the deputy quartermaster-general of the several departments thereof, shall make monthly returns of every article of what kinds soever that may be in or at any of the forts, encampments, magazines, or places in the district, committed to his care, to the deputy quartermaster-general of the department, noting what is good, what is reparable, and what is unfit for further service in separate columns; from which returns the deputy quartermaster-general shall make one general return, in which shall be specified the total of all the articles in every district within his department, one copy whereof shall be monthly transmitted to the board of war, one to the commander in chief of the department, and one to the Quartermaster-General; from which returns the Quartermaster- General shall make out a general return, specifying what is in each department and every district thereof, one copy whereof shall be monthly transmitted to the board of war, one to the Commander in Chief, and one to the commander of each department. 12. Every assistant quartermaster, commissary of forage, wagon- master-general, forage master, and every other person employed in the Quartermaster-General's branch who shall neglect to make such monthly returns, shall be dismissed the service by the Quartermaster- General or the deputy quartermaster-general of the department to which such delinquent belongs. 13. And in order that all deputy quartermasters-general and assist- ants may make their returns in such a manner as to avoid that great confusion which has heretofore arisen from a want of method, the Quartermaster-General is to furnish his deputies with a form, copies whereof they are to deliver to the assistants and to every person in the Quartermaster-General's branch, who may be called upon for a return. 14. The Quartermaster-General and the deputy quartermasters- THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 151 general in the several departments shall have full power and be author- ized, with the consent of the Commander in Chief or commander of the department, to dismiss any person by them employed who shall refuse or neglect any duty enjoined by the foregoing resolutions, or any other duty he may be charged with, and to appoint others in the stead of such as may be dismissed. 15. The general and Commander in Chief of our armies and the commander of any department thereof shall be allowed as mucn forage for their horses and those of their suit as the service may require. 16. A major-general and a brigadier-general, not having the com- mand of a separate department, shall each be allowed forage for six horses for themselves, their aids-de-camp, or brigade majors, and servants. IT. The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think proper to the Quarter- master-General and his deputies, to the muster-master-general and his deputies, the chief engineer and his assistants, the commissary -general and his deputies, the director-general of the hospital, his subs and surgeons-general, to the adj'utant-general and his deputies, to the colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors, adjutants, quartermasters, and surgeons of regiments, and to provost-marshals, or to such and so many of the before-mentioned officers and their deputies as the service shall necessarily require: Provided always, That if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general orders hereafter given and should never- theless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof. 18. A deputy quartermaster-general shall be appointed to each department and one to each grand division of the Army, the rank of the former to bo that of a colonel, of the latter that of a lieutenant- colonel. 19. The Quartermaster-General, with the approbation of the Com- mander in Chief or commander in any separate department, shall appoint a competent number of deputy quartermasters-general, a wagon-master-general, and so many wagon masters as the service from time to time requires, and make a return to the Board of War of the names of the persons so appointed. 20. Resolved, That Major-General Mifflin be allowed, for his service as Quartermaster-General, 166 dollars per month, in addition to his pay as major-general. That the pay of a deputy quartermaster-general of a grand division of the Army be 75 dollars per month. That the pay of an assistant deputy quartermaster-general be 40 dollars per month, and that he have the rank of captain. That the pay of a wagon-master-general be 75 dollars per month. That the pay of a deputy wagon-master-general be 50 dollars a month. That the pay of the barrack -master-general bo 75 dollars a month. That the pay of a wagon muster or conductor of wagons be 40 dollars a month. That the pay of a forage master be 40 dollars a month. 152 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 14, 1777. "Joseph Thornburg, esq., is appointed waggon-master-general." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) June 4, 1777. General Mifflin wrote to Congress that General Washington had informed him of his anxious desire to have the heads of the several departments in the field with him, whereupon Congress adopted a resolve that General Mifflin be given leave to repair immediately to headquarters. June 10, 1777. Resolved, . . . XXIV. That no provisions be issued to any person hut by the written order of . . . the Quartermaster- General, any of his deputies or assistants. * * * XXIX. That whenever any capital magazine shall be established, the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the department shall order storehouses to be built and a barrack for fifty men, and the same to be inclosed with a stockade. * -:: XXXV. That the commissaries-general and the respective officers under them apply to the Quartermaster-General or his respective offi- cers for wagons, teams, and horses wanted in the several districts; and if at any time it shall be necessary to hire the same, they are not to exceed the rates stipulated by Congress or the Quartermaster-Gen- eral aforesaid. XXXVI. That all persons employed to purchase for the United States any articles in the several departments of the . . . quar- termaster . . . shall previously apply to them, or the principal officers under them, respectively, for certificates of the several prices by them allowed for such articles, and shall not on any pretence what- soever exceed such prices. . . . June 18, 1777. Resolved, That Joseph Thornburg, wagon-master-general, have the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States. July 1, 1777. "Jonathan Mifflin, esq., and Henry Emanuel Lutterloh, esq., are appointed deputy quartermasters-general for this army with the rank of colonel." "Clement Biddle, esq., is appointed commissary-general of forage of this army." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) August 1, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed to appoint a deputy quartermaster-general in the said State [Georgia]. August 6, 1777. Resolved, That John M'Coomb, of Princeton, be authorized to act as quartermaster at that place for such detachments of the Army as may be passing that way until the Quartermaster-General shall give further directions on this subject. . . . September 10, 1777. The Quartermaster-General was ordered to submit to Congress a list of all deputies and assistants employed in his department and how and where employed. September 16, 1777. The Quartermaster-General was ordered to remove to Bethle- hem, Pa., or some other place of safety, the stores belonging to his department ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 153 October 0, 1777. Resolved, That the . . . . Quartermaster-General and their dep- uties, respectively, be directed to provide and supply, in the places where Congress may meet, such articles of their respective depart- ments as may be required by the several members thereof, for the use of themselves, their servants and horses, the said members paying the cost of the said articles; and that this resolution extend to the secre- taries, treasurer, and the officers of the several boards and committees of Congress. October 10, 1777. On account of ill health, General Mifflin returned his commis- sions of major-general and Quartermaster-General. November 2, 1777. "The division and brigade quartermasters are to provide straw for the troops, taking none that is not threshed." {Orders, General Headquarters, Wh itemarsh.) November 7, 1777. General Mifflin's resignation as Quartermaster-General was accepted, but his commission as major-general was returned to him without the pay annexed to the office, until further order of Congress. He was, same day, elected member of the Board of War. November 8, 1777. Resolved, That General Mifflin be directed, notwithstanding his res- ignation of Quartermaster-General is accepted, to continue in the exer- cise of that office, and that he be invested with full powers to act until another Quartermaster-General is appointed and enters upon the duties of the office. November 19, 1777. Resolved, That David Poe be appointed quartermaster for the town of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, in the room of and for the purpose for which Jared Hopkins, who declines acting, was appointed. November 22, 1777. In view of the difficulty of purchasing any stores at reasonable prices, the several States were invited to adopt ana enforce a temporary regulation of prices. November U, 1777. The committee appointed to prepare a plan for establishing a board to superintend the departments of the commissaries and Quartermaster- General report: That as a board of war, consisting of persons not members of Con- gress, has been lately established, and the late Quartermaster-General is a member thereof, the committee are of opinion that a considerable expense may be saved by adding to the board a person acquainted with the commercial business, and authorizing it to superintend each of the civil departments of the Army: Whereupon, /,\W/v/. That Congress concur with the committee. November 25, 1777. Resolved, That Governor Caswell be desired to appoint proper per- sons within the State of North Carolina to purchase with secrecy and despatch all the merchantable leather and deerskins in that State proper for making . . . saddles, harness, and military accoutrements, . . . delivering the residue of the said leather [not used for making shoes and breeches] to the order of the board of war. 154 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. December 1, 1777. Mr. James Yule was appointed wagon master to General De Kalb's division. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Whitemarsh, Pa. ) December 18, 1777. "The colonels or commanding officers of regiments, with their captains, are immediately to cause their men to be divided into squads of twelve, and see that each squad have their proportion of tools, and set about a hut for them- selves; and as encouragement to industry and art the general promises to reward the party in each regiment which finishes their hut in the quickest and most workmanlike manner with twelve dollars. And as there is reason to believe that boards for cover- ing may be found scarce and difficult to be got, he offers one hundred dollars to any officer or soldier who, in the opinion of three gentlemen he shall appoint as judges, shall substitute some other covering that may be cheaper and quicker made, and will in every respect answer the end." ( Orders, General Headquarters, at the Gulph. ) December 20, 1777. "The Quartermaster-General is to delay no time, but use his utmost exertions, to procure large quantities of straw, either for covering the huts, if it should be found necessary, or for beds for the soldiers. He is to assure the farmers that unless they get their grain out immediately the straw will be taken with the grain in it, and paid for as straw only." {Orders, General Headquarters, at the Valley Forge.) December 22, 1777. "The quartermaster is to provide a number of pails, that every hut may have one. " {Orders, General Headquarters, Vail Forge.) January 6, 1778. Resolved, That General Heath be directed to order the deputy quar- termaster-general in the Eastern Department forthwith to provide 1,000 good bell tents, and send them to the Army under the command of General Washington. January 13, 1778. Resolved, . . . That a deputy quartermaster-general . . . be appointed to act pro tempwe for the troops aforesaid [from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, con- stantly employed in Rhode Island for the defence of the State and of the Providence Plantations]; that the deputy quartermaster-general . . . be appointed by the officer commanding at that post [Provi- dence], and that each . . . take the oath of fidelit}^ and office. . . . February 3, 1778. And whereas many persons employed as deputy ... or quar- termasters, or in other civil departments, are dispersed in various parts of the continent, over whom neither Congress nor the head of their respective departments can have the immediate inspection: Resolved, That it be recommended to the legislative and executive authority of every State to take effectual measures for preventing any person within their States from exercising any office in the civil department of the Army . . . under Congress who shall not, when thereunto required by any magistrate, produce a legal appoint- ment to such office and a certificate of his having taken the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or who shall neglect or refuse to take and sub- scribe the said oaths or affirmations within the time above limited. February 5, 1778. Resolved, That the following plan be adopted for cariying into immediate execution the important business of the Quartermaster- General: 1st. The military line to be styled the Quartermaster-General's, which , THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 155 is to include the regulating of marches, encampments, order of battle, etc., etc., as described in the books of the profession: This officer not to have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums for defraying petty expenses in the Army. 2d. The commissary of forage, who is to be confined to that article in his purchases. 3d. The commissary for horses and wagons. 4th. The agents for the purchase of tents, entrenching tools, build- ing of barracks, and for all the smaller supplies of the department. The three last to be governed in their purchases by the estimates and orders of the Quartermaster-General or the board of war. Ordered^ That the board of war prepare suitable regulations for the Quartermaster-General's Department agreeable to the foregoing plan. February 6, 1778. Resolved^ . . . That the Quartermaster-General and his deputies be respectively directed to provide the auditors in each army with a convenient house near headquarters, and that no other officers be quar- tered therein. That for the preservation of the public papers, the Quartermaster- General or his deputies shall provide for the auditors in each arm} 7 a good covered wagon with horses, under their direction, . . . February 11, 1778. Resolved, . . . The Quartermaster-General, his deputies and assistants, shall give the commissary-general [of military stores] every assistance of teams for the removal of public stores, . . . February U, 1778. Whereas . . . the general assembly of Penns}^lvania have, by a law, appointed commissaries in each county within their State, to purchase or seise . . . provisions, etc., for the supply of the Army, pursuant to such orders as they shall receive from Congress. Revolved, . . . That the said commissaries deliver . . . the forage to the order of the commissary of forage or his assistants, to whom severally they are directed to send immediate notice, when such purchases are made, . . . February 21, 1778. I(xolvcd, That the committee of Congress at the camp, in conjunc- tion with General Washington, be authorized forthwith to make the proper appointments for the Quartermaster-General's Department: * * * Resolved, That the Board of War immediately employ a suitable number of proper persons on the east side of Susquehanna to pur- chase . . . forage for the Army, . . . March 2, 1778. A letter of February 25th from the committee at camp was read, proposing a new arrangement of the Quartermaster-General's Depart- 156 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U fc S. ARMY. ment and commending persons to execute the business of the said department. Congress, taking into consideration the arrangement proposed by the committee, Resolved, That the same be adopted, instead of that agreed to on the 5th day of February, and that there be one Quartermaster-General and two assistant quartermasters-general. That these three be allowed for their trouble and expense one per cent upon the monies issued in the department, to be divided as they shall agree, and including an addition to the pay of the wagon-master- general and his deputy; That Major-General Greene be appointed Quartermaster-General; That John Cox and Charles Pettit, esqs., be appointed Assistant Quartermasters-General ; That the forage-masters, wagon-masters, and other officers in the department be in the appointment of the Quartermaster-General, who is to be responsible for their conduct. Resolved, That Major-General Greene retain his rank of major-gen- eral in the Army. April 11, 1778. Ordered, That Colonel Cox, assistant quartermaster-general, employ a deputy to attend Congress and procure good stables and provender for their horses and proper persons to take care of the same, and that he receive from each member his just proportion of the expense. May 2, 1778. Congress authorized the Commissioners at Fort Pitt, or, in their absence, the officer appointed to command on the western frontier, to appoint a proper person to perform the duties of quartermaster to the militia of the counties of Rockingham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Montgomery, Washington, and Greenbrier, Va. May 21, 1778. General Mifflin was granted leave to join General "Washington's army. May 27, 1778. Resolved, . . . That the brigade quartermaster be appointed by the Quartermaster-General out of the captains or subalterns in the brigade to which he shall be appointed. * * * Resolved, That in addition to their pay as officers in the line there be allowed to ... a brigade quartermaster, 15 dollars. * * * Resolved, That . . . brigade quartermasters heretofore ap- pointed from the line shall hold their present rank and be admissible into the line again in the same rank they held when taken from the line, provided that no . . . quartermaster shall have the com- mand of any ofncers who commanded him when in line. May 29, 1778. Whereas Congress, in the present arrangement of the Quartermaster- General's Department, have given the Quartermaster-General the appointment of the subordinate officers of that department; Resolved, That Udney Hay, esq., who, under the former arrange- ment of the said department, was appointed assistant deputy quarter- THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 157 master-general at Ticonderoga and a lieutenant-colonel by brevet, can not now hold that office by virtue of the said appointment, nor be entitled to an} T privilege or emolument which either does at present or may hereafter accrue to any officer of the same rank in the line. June 4, 1778. Congress appointed Messrs. Carroll, Matthews, and Wentworth a committee to extract from the journals, for publication, the regulations of the Quartermaster's Department. June 11, 1778. Patrick Lockhart, esq., was appointed to procure pack horses and other necessaries for the expedition to reduce the garrison of Detroit and compel terms of peace from such of the Indian nations now in arms against the States lying on or contiguous to the route between Fort Pitt and Detroit. The expedition was deferred by resolve of July 25, 1778. July 28, 1778. Ordered, That the Quartermaster-General furnish the Hon. the Sieur Gerard, minister plenipotentiary of his most Christian Majesty, with such and so many norses and such forage as he shall direct, and that he deliver, from time to time, special accounts of the prices of the said horses and forage to the board of treasury. August 12, 1778. Resolved, That every officer in the Army of the United States whose duty requires his being on horseback in time of action, and whose horse shall be killed in action, be allowed a sum not exceeding 500 dollars as a compensation for his horse so killed, this resolution to have retrospect as far as the first day of May, 1777; and the Quar- termaster-General be, and is hereb}^, authorized to pay the value of such horses, not exceeding the said sum, to the respective sufferers, on the facts being properly authenticated. August 16, 1778. "John Storey, esq., is appointed in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment to receive and take care of all the intrenching tools." {Orders, General Headquarters. ) August 17, 1778. Resolved, That each officer in the department of the Quartermaster and Barrackmaster General attending Congress be directed, from time to time, to render to the several members accounts of the articles sup- plied them respectively, according to the cost thereof; such accounts to be paid to the paymaster of the board of war and ordnance. . . . August 17, 1778. General MifHin tendered his resignation. September 11, 1778. Resolved, . . . That General Washington be informed that Congress have given orders for the purchase of 20,000 barrels of flour, to be transported by water for that purpose; and that he bo authorized and directed to fix on the places where the said magazines shall be- established and to give the necessary orders to the Quartermaster- General . . . for carrying this resolution into execution. September 11, 1778. Congress having approved General Washington's recom- mendation that magazines l- cstiiblishcd in Massachusetts and Connecticut, at con- venient places distant hpm the Sound, he was directed to give the necessary orders to the Quartermaster-General. 158 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. September 12, 1778. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to order the commissary of forage to give immediate directions to his deputies and assistants not to purchase any wheat for forage, except in the vicinity of camp, unless in cases of absolute necessity; and when such cases arise, that the reasons for deviating from this order be transmitted to the commissary of forage, and by him submitted to the opinion of the Quartermaster-General. Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases be directed to give orders to his deputies and assistants forthwith to deliver to the commissary of forage and his deputies the bad wheat and offals of wheat which they at present have or may hereafter have in their respective possessions; and, further, that the said commissary-general issue orders to the purchasers to be careful not to purchase in future damaged wheat, as the same is found by experience extremely injurious even for the purposes of forage. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to consult with the Commander in Chief whether a reduction of the stationary teams can not be made consistently with the good of the service, or whether ox teams can not, in the present seat of war, be substituted in a great measure for horse teams; and if General Washington shall be of opinion that both or either of these measures are advisable that the Quartermaster-General take measures for carrying the same into execution in such manner as shall be deemed most consistent with the good of the Army and a regard to public economy. October 2, 1778. Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative or, when vested with sufficient power, to the executive authorities of the States above mentioned [New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela- ware, Maryland, and Virginia] to authorize and direct any civil mag- istrate within their respective jurisdiction, on an information given by the . . . Quartermaster-General, or by the deputy . . . quartermaster-general of the respective districts, of any extraordi- nary quantity of grain . . . being purchased and in the possession of individuals forthwith to issue his warrant empowering the inform- ant to seize the same for the public use, paying for the same such prices as to the respective legislatures appear proper, to prevent the practice of engrossing those articles in future, . . . October 13, 1778. . Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general in the State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of the . . . deputy quartermaster, ... in the said States (they obtaining a warrant from the commanding officer in the Southern department) such sum or sums of money as may be wanting in their respective departments; . . . Resolved, That the . . . deputy quartermaster ... in the State of Georgia, when they deliver their respective accounts of expend- itures to the deputy paymaster-general, do cause to be specified, on the receipts of the said accounts, that the same were paid in conti- nental currency, and that the sum be fully expressed in words. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 159 October 18, 1778. Resolved, That for the future no wheat be purchased for forage "by any person for the use of the United States unless Congress shall order otherwise. October 22, 1778. Whereas upon the evacuation of this city [Philadelphia] by the British army, certain seizures were made of goods and effects, sup- posed to belong to the subjects of Great Britain, and other goods were taken up under contracts entered into with the inhabitants of this city by the officers, in the departments of the quartermaster . . . gen- erals, and a committee hath been appointed by Congress to examine into the conduct of the said officers in making the said seizures and con- tracts, that justice may be done to the public and individuals, but report hath not yet been made: Resolved, That the board of war direct such of the said goods, whether seized or contracted for, as may be wanted for the immediate use of the Army, . . . to be appropriated for that purpose; and that the board of war direct that proper accounts be kept of the goods so appropriated, the quantity and quality, and of whom seized, and with whom contracted for. November 10, 1778. Congress, having resolved that speedy and vigorous measures should be taken to regulate the Quartermaster's Department, appointed Messrs Scudder, G. Morris, and Whipple a committee to superintend that department. November 17, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a . . . deputy quarter- nmster-general for the troops in the Southern Department, and the ballots being taken, . . . Stephen Drayton was elected deputy quartermaster-general for the troops in the Southern Department, they having been previ- ously nominated by the delegates of South Carolina. November 19, 1778. Whereas it has become necessary not only that speedy and vigorous measures should be taken to regulate the . . . quartermaster's department, but also that a constant attention should be paid to those departments: Resolved, That Mr. Scudder, Mr. G. Morris, and Mr. Whipple be a committee to superintend the same departments and that they, or any two of them, be empowered to take such steps relating to the same as they shall think the most for the public service. November 30, 1778. Resolved, That in all cases when forage is wanted for the troops, and can not be purchased by the commissaries at reasonable rates, application be made to the executive and legislative authority of the State wherein the forage is required, or to some person or persons properly author- ized by them for that purpose, for their interposition and assistance in procuring the necessary supplies. 160 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 23, 1779. General Washington was directed, June 11, 1778, to order an inquiry into the conduct of General Mifflin, late Quartermaster-General, and others of that department. The Congressional committee (Messrs. G. Morris, Reed, and Witherspoon) appointed August 17, 1778, having reported that no proceedings had been had on the subject, submitted that if the resolve of June 11, 1778, was to be executed, the same should be done by a court of inquiry and court-martial in the usual manner. Congress having agreed to the report, ordered that a copy be furnished the Commander in Chief. February 1, 1779. Resolved, That the Commander in Chief give such directions as he may think proper for arranging the . . . quartermaster's departments to the westward, any resolutions of Congress notwith- standing. February 20, 1779. Resolved, That the portmanteaus and valises furnished to the officers of the Army by the Quartermaster-General, pursuant to the orders of the Commander in Chief, be charged to the United States, and the officers permitted to retain them for their own use; provided that no officer shall be more than once furnished at the public expense with the articles aforesaid unless unavoidably lost or taken by the enemy in time of action. February 20, 1779. The quartermaster at the prisoners' camp in Virginia was directed to reside at or near the barracks, and the governor and the council of Vir- ginia were requested to superintend the conduct of those in charge of the camp. February 25, 1779. Gen. Thomas Mifflin resigned. March 5, 1779. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General . . . and such of their deputies as they shall appoint for that purpose be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to pay all certificates (of the authen- ticity whereof they are or shall be satisfied) for . . . forage, . . . or other articles, within the lines of their respective depart- ments, furnished by the inhabitants to the troops on detachments, or in cases of necessity when supplies could not be obtained in a regular course; for which sums so to be paid they shall be allowed for their trouble one-half per cent, and no more. The evidence of such sup- plies being furnished shall, so far as regards the party of whom received, be the certificates of the officers receiving them. But the officers in the said departments . . . paying the same shall notify the officers who gave such certificates to render an account of the application of the articles so received, and the said officers are hereby directed to render such accounts accordingly; and the said quarter- master . . . and their deputies so paying the said certificates are hereby authorized and empowered to examine and settle the said accounts. * * * Resolved, That certificates hereafter given by commissioned officers for articles received for the use of the Army be signed with their name at full length and the rank they hold, and if under a general officer, that the regiment to which they belong be added. That the particular articles received be inserted in the body of the certificate; their value, the time when, and place where received in letters and not in figures. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 161 That the certificates be directed to the principal of the department whose duty it is to provide the articles so received or his nearest deputy; separate receipts to be given whensoever the articles apper- tain to the several departments. That officers keep exact copies of the certificates they give, and transmit other copies to the nearest deputy or agent in the depart- ment, giving him the necessary information respecting the business. That the deputies transmit copies of all the certificates they pay to their principals, that inquiiy may be made whether the giving the cer- tificates was necessary for the public service and whether the things received have been properly applied. March 12, 1779. Resolved, . . . That the . . . Quartermaster-General pay to the memorialists [merchants of Philadelphia], from whom goods were taken for public use, the current price of the same at the time when the said goods were taken. March 13, 1779. Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General be directed to lay before Congress, without delay, a full account of the sales and dis- tribution of the goods taken from the inhabitants of Philadelphia when that city was evacuated by the enemy. March 16, 1779. Whereas, discontent, loss of strength, and diminution of the strength of the line have arisen by employing the Continental troops as wag- oners, and it will be of public advantage to enlist proper persons for that service during the war: Resolved, therefore, That the Commander in Chief be authorized and directed to take proper measures for causing to be enlisted such a number of wagoners as he shall judge necessary for the service, to continue therein to the end of the war; that each wagoner voluntarily engaging for that period shall be entitled, in addition to the present monthly pay, clothing, and subsistence allowed to wagoners, to the same bounties, in all respects, as are granted to volunteers who shall enlist in the Continental battalions for the term of the war; that the Quartermaster-General shall establish such regulations for the con- duct of the said corps of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of by the Commander in Chief; in which care shall be taken that regular returns be made to the Board of War of the number of wagoners ordered to bo raised, as well as of those who shall actually engage in the service; that the same form, as near as may be, shall be pursued in mustering and paying the said corps of wagoners as is prad i soloed, That Congress agree to the report.- June U, 1779. ll< solved, That the Quartermaster-General be empowered to allow and pay for a wagon, driver, and four horses, 13 dollars, one ration and forage per day; shoeing the horses, if done at the expense of the United States, to be deducted from the wages. Resolved, That it be recommended to these States to exempt all drivers of wagons employed in the service of the United States from militia duties, and from all fines on that account, while they are engaged in the service, and that such service shall be considered and allowed as their tour of duty in the militia for such time as they are thus engaged. July 9, 1779. Jli solved, That the executive powers of each State be earnestly requested instantly to make the strictest enquiry into the conduct of every person within such State respectively employed, either in the Quartermaster-General . . . departments, and in case of any kind of misbehavior, or strong suspicion thereof, in any such person not bring an officer immediately appointed by Congress, to remove or suspend every such person, ordering him, at their discretion, to be prosecuted at the expense of the United States, and to appoint another in his place, if necessary, and so, from time to time, as occasion may tic. giving notice to the board of war, and also to the Quartermaster- General ... in whose Department such removal or suspension shall be, of the change; the person so appointed to have the same authority and pay which the person removed had been vested with and entitled to, or such pay as the said executive powers, respectively, shall agree for, to be in like manner subject to the head of the depart- ment to which he belongs, and to observe all the regulations for the government of deputy quartermasters; . . . and that the execu- tive powers of each State be in like manner requested to enquire into the number of persons employed in the Quartermaster-GeneraFs . . . departments, and immediately to discharge such as shall be judged unnecessary. August 17, 1779. Ordered, That two members be added to the committee for superin- tending the departments of the Quartermaster. . . . The members chosen, Mr. Root and Mr. Scudder. 164 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 18, 1779. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence, in lieu of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished. September 6, 1779. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to erect bar- racks at the expense of the United States for quartering the troops in the State of Rhode Island. September 27, 1779. Resolved, That a member be added to the committee appointed to superintend the Quartermaster . . . departments, and . that another be elected in the room of Mr. Whipple, who is absent. The members chosen, Mr. Jenifer and Mr. Mercer. October 13, 1779. Resolved, That Mr. Jacob Hiltzheimer be authorized and directed to provide for the horses belonging to members of Congress; that for this purpose the commissary-general of forage be directed to supply him with such articles of forage, and of such qualities as he shall direct, together with the account of the cost thereof. . . . November 5, 1779. Messrs. Wynkoop and Forbes were added to the committee appointed to superintend the Quartermaster's Department. November 12, 1779. l Resolved, That the eleven companies of artificers raised by the Quartermaster-General be reformed, and incorporated and arranged in such manner as the Commander in Chief shall deem proper. November 16, 1779. Resolved, . . . That the commanding officer of the corps of artificers shall be allowed the same pay and subsistence as a lieutenant- colonel. That the allowance of pay, subsistence, and clothing of the other officers and men of the said artificers be the same as that of the artil- lery artificers under the command of Colonel B. Flower. November 25, 1779. Resolved, . . . That all clothing issued to . . . enlisted artificers and wagoners, beyond those allowed to them as a bounty, shall also be valued and paid for at the rate before mentioned; but no . . . wagoner or artificer shall be entitled to purchase in any one 1 This entry refers to the corps of wagoners authorized by the resolve of March 16, 1779; these companies were to be considered part of the quotas of the 80 battalions apportioned in the several States. THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 165 year, out of the public store, any other additional articles than those of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not more of these than are abso- lutely necessary, and not exceeding the number of the like articles allowed as their bounty clothing. That ... all clothing ... to wagoners [shall be issued] or. the certificate of the quartermaster-general, one of the assistant quartermasters-general, or of the deput}* quartermaster-general em- ploying them, or of the wagon-master-general or deputy wagon-mas- tei-general under whom they serve. That no . . . wagoner, not being engaged for at least one year, shall receive clothing, and if any such officer, artificer, or wagoner, being engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such clothing, shall quit the service before the expiration of the term for which he or they are or shall be engaged, he or they shall forfeit and pay the full value of such clothing, and be subject to all other penalties and inconveniences attending his or their breach of contract or desertion. * * * R( solved, That the departments of the quartermaster-general . . . be, for the future, under the superintendency and direction of the board of war, and that the committee of Congress on those depart- ments deliver over to the board of war all papers in their hands respecting them, and thereupon be discharged. November 30, 1779. Resolved, That the board of war be directed to procure from the Quartermaster-General . . . the forage master and the barrack- master-general a return of all the assistants, deputies, officers, agents, and other persons employed in their respective departments, the dis- tricts in which they are employed, and the terms upon which they are engaged, and that such returns be made by the first day of January next. December U, 1779. Whereas the aid of the several States is necessarj^ in furnishing . . . supplies for carrying on the war, and justice requires that they be called upon to furnish their respective quotas at equitable prices: lu solved, That all the States shall be called upon to furnish their quotas of such supplies as may, from time to time, be wanted for carrying on the war; and in making the requisitions due care shall be taken to suit the convenience of the several States, and the articles by them respectively furnished shall be credited towards their quotas of the monies which they are called upon to raise for the United States, at equal prices for articles of the same kind and quality, and for others in due proportion, and the accounts shall be finally compared and adjusted so as to do equity to all the States. Decemher 17, 1779. Resolved, That when the legislature of any State shall have under- taken to procure its quota of any of the articles required, all pur- chases of such articles by the . . . quartermasters in such State be discontinued. . . . 166 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 7, 1780. Ordered, That . . . the board of war ... be directed to discharge immediately the supernumerary officers in the barrack- master's department. . . . January 20, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the department of the barrack-master gen- eral be abolished. January 27, 1780. Issues of quartermaster stores to members of Congress under reso- lution of October 2, 1777 ordered discontinued. February 25, 1780. Resolved, That the several States be called on forthwith to procure their respective quotas of supplies for the ensuing campaign as follows, to wit: Rhode Island. . . . 400 tons of haj\ Connecticut. . . . 500 tons of hay. New York. . . . 500 tons of hay, 30,000 bushels of indian corn or other short forage equivalent. New Jersey. . . . 3,500 tons of hay, 30,000 bushels of coin or short forage equivalent. Pennsylvania. ... . 1,700 tons of hay, 200,000 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. Delaware. . . . 500 tons of hay, 18,662 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. Maryland. . . . 200 tons of hay or corn blade, 56,152 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. . . . Virginia. . . . 400 tons of hay or corn blade, 200,000 bush- els of corn or short forage equivalent. . . . North Carolina. . . . 800 tons of hay or corn blade, 80,000 bushels of corn or short forage in proportion. South Carolina. . . . 800 tons of hay or corn blade, 80,000 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. * * Resolved, That the articles aforesaid be collected and deposited or delivered at the risk of the respective States in such places within each State, respectively, as the Commander in Chief .shall judge most convenient. . . . Provided, That such of the articles as shall be destined or taken by the enemy, after being deposited as aforesaid, or which shall be damaged by long keeping, shall be paid for by the United States. Resolved, That the respective States be credited for all such commod- ities, being of good and sufficient quality, as shall be received for the use of the United States, by persons appointed to inspect the same, at the prices following, to wit: . . . clean, well-dried indian corn per bushel, one-half a dol- lar; oats, well cleaned, one half a dollar per bushel; . . . best upland first-crop hay per ton, $15; best indian corn blades per ton, $15. . . . Resolved, That all the accounts between these States relating to their quotas of the supplies aforesaid shall be kept and finally settled in Spanish milled dollars, and the balance finally paid in specie. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 167 Resolved, That if it shall appear, on an adjustment of the quotas of the several States, that any State has supplied more than its due pro- portion in value, every such State shall be paid the value of the sur- plus, at the rates aforesaid, in specie, with interest at 6 per centum per annum, from the time each surplus shall have been deposited as above directed; and every State which shall have failed to supply its due proportion shall be charged with the deficiency, at the rates afore- said, and the like interest thereon, from the time that the same ought to have been deposited. Resolved, That the several States cause monthly returns to be made to the board of war of all such commodities as shall be procured for the use of the United States, specifying the quantities issued in each preceding month. Re solved, That when any State shall have taken the necessary measures for furnishing its quota of the said supplies, and shall have given information thereof to Congress, such State be authorized to carry into effect the resolution of the 17th of December last, for dis- continuing purchases of such supplies, by the . . . quarter- masters within the same. Resolved, . . . That the provisions furnished by authority of any State, for the use of the Army, since the first day of December last may be credited as part of the quota of supplies assigned to such State, at the prices fixed in the foregoing resolutions, if such State desire it. March 8, 1780. "From the scarcity of forage and difficulty of obtaining the neces- sary supplies, the general calls for a strict attention to the order of the 8th day of I December last for sending away from camp as many horses as possible. When hay tan not be issued and the supplies of grain will admit of it, eight quarts of grain are to be issued daily for each horse, and when hay is issued, four quarts." {Orders, (General Headquarters. Morristowi. ) July 15, 1780. Evolved, That there be one Quartermaster-General and one assistant quartermaster-general appointed by Congress, and one deputy quarter- master for the main Army and one for each separate army, to be appointed by the Quartermaster-General. That the Quartermaster-General appoint one deputy for each State, if he shall judge so many to be necessary and the same be approved by the board of war, the person appointed to be approved of by the supreme executive of the State in which he is to be employed. That each deputy, whether appointed for one State or more, shall appoint as many assistants as the service may necessarily require and the Quartermaster-General shall approve, and a return of such appoint- ments shall be immediately made to the board of war by the Quarter- master-General. That all storekeepers, contractors, clerks, conductors, artificers, and laborers, of whatever denomination, who may be found necessary for I he well conducting the public business bo appointed by the deputies in their respective districts, and that they employ them in such num- bers, for such time, and at such places as the service may require and on such conditions as shall be most for the benefitof the public; never- theless, if they are agreed with or continue in service tor any longer time than two months, the conditions are to be approved by the Quiirtcrin;isici-( foneral. That the duty of a deputy quartermaster for a State shall be to pro- 168 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. vide the means of transportation in such State for all public property agreeably to the orders he may receive from the Commander in Chief, the board of war, the Quartermaster-General, or the officer command- ing in the State, to provide such storehouses as may be necessary for the preservation of the public property, and to appoint suitable storekeep- ers, properly instructed, to account in the best manner the nature of the business will admit, agreeably to such plans as the Quartermaster- General may prescribe, for all articles received, whether provided by the State in the State or received from another State, taking care always to note deficiencies and to reject such as are deficient in qual- ity, whether provided by the State or in any other manner within the State; but if the parties are dissatisfied, the storekeeper and the per- son or persons so tendering the goods shall each nominate three of the most reputable freeholders in the vicinity of the place where the goods are to be delivered, the storekeeper to appoint one of the three nomi- nated by the person or persons offering the goods, and he or they, one of those named by the storekeeper, and if the two first can not agree, a third is to be chosen by lot out of the remaining four as an umpire, the arbitrators to be on oath and copies of their award to be delivered in writing to the parties, which shall be binding and conclusive; to keep proper registers of all persons, teams, pack horses, vessels, and craft employed in the department, noting the manner and conditions on which they serve and whether the teams, pack horses, vessels, or craft are private or public property; to execute all orders, either for pur- chases or other purposes, which he may receive from the Commander in Chief, the board of war, the Quartermaster-General, or the com- manding officer in the State; to pay all officers in the different parts of the State who shall be necessary to execute the business of the department and who have been approved as aforesaid; to give such instructions with respect to the management of the business as shall appear necessary to nave it conducted with the greatest economy and order, and at the same time with that despatch which the service may require; to apply to the assistant quartermaster-general for such sums of money as the service may require, and to distribute the same in such proportion as will best answer the purpose; to visit all the places of business of those serving under him as often as his other duties will admit, and see whether they execute their duty agreeably to the instructions they receive; to inspect their accounts, books of receipts, and issues, and to correct what is amiss; to collect and render his accounts of expenditures and returns of public property and persons employed in the department every three months, and to make return to the assistant quartermaster-general of all the issues that have been made, mentioning the articles, quantity or number of each, on whose application or order issued, and to whom delivered; to see that all stores provided in one State to be forwarded to another be carefully inspected, that the quantity and quality is agreeable to the order given before they are sent forward; to confine all the contracts or bargains of the contractors and agents of every denomination within the State to which they belong, to prevent one contractor interfering with another; to make such provision for wintering or recruiting public horses as may be necessary for the convenience and support of the Army, and generally to do and perform everything necessary to pro- mote the service. That the duty of the assistant quartermaster-general shall be to reside near Congress, to frame plans for keeping accounts in the department, THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 169 and to accommodate them to the nature of the business in the best pos- sible manner for preserving regularity; and after the Quartermaster- General shall approve thereof, to transmit them to the deputies in the several States, as a rule for their stating and keeping their accounts, to be by them communicated to all their under agents; to receive from the Army and the districts the accounts and vouchers arising therein to the first day of December, and to lay them before the chamber of accounts for settlement by the first day of January; to apply to the Board of Treasury for such sums of money as the Quartermaster-General shall direct, and distribute the same as the several branches of the department may require; to make such remarks and give such direc- tions to the deputies in the several States as shall be found necessary for saving expense or preserving order in the business; to receive from the respective deputies, at the end of every three months, returns of all persons employed, how, where, and on what conditions, and returns of all public property belonging to the department, and where depos- ited, made out in four distinct columns, one containing what has not been issued, another what is in use, the third what has been used and wants repairing, and the fourth what is unfit for further service and still of some value; these returns to be made agreeably to such forms as shall be furnished by the Quartermaster-General. That the returns be made to the assistant quartermaster-general in March, June, September, and December, and that the general returns be furnished to the Quartermaster-General as soon as possible. That the Quartermaster-General appoint one commissary of forage for the main army and so many deputies, forage masters, clerks, and laborers as the service may require and the Commander in Chief shall approve of; a deputy commissary of forage and as many clerks and laborers for each separate army as the service may require and the commanding officer of such separate army shall approve of. That the duty of a commissary of forage and of a deputy commis- sary of forage with a separate army shall be to provide forage and pasture in the neighborhood of the camp, by purchase or otherwise, as the case may require, and to distribute the same; to correspond with the deputy quartermasters in the States in or near which the army may be and make seasonable requisitions from them for such quanti- ties of forage as the service may require, and to receive and issue the same to the army in such manner and proportion as is hereafter directed. That the wages of the people employed in the forage branch, as well as the price of forage purchased and hire of pasture as aforesaid, and all other contingent expenses of the department, be directed for payment to the Quartermaster-General's pay office; that the commis- sary of forage or his deputy certify the sums due, and that the same have been fully examined; that such orders or certificates for payment be presented to the auditor of accounts in the Quartermaster General's office and pass from him to the pay office; but when from sudden move- ments of the army the certificates lor pasturage or forage furnished in the vicinity thereof, signed by the commissary of forage or his deputy, can not be brought for payment to the Quartermaster-General's pay office in camp without great inconvenience to the possessors of the same, such certificates shall bo paid by the deputy quartermaster of the State in which the same shall have been furnished, the sums and articles furnished Icing inserted in words at full length; and to pre- vent frauds the commissary of forage, or deputy with a separate army, 170 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. shall furnish the deputy quartermaster of the State in which the army may serve with a list of the persons employed in the forage branch, in their own handwriting-, and the printed form of certificates generally made use of by them. That the commissary of forage, or deputy with a separate army, fix upon such places for receiving and issuing forage to the army as shall best accommodate the service; and that written instructions be given to the keeper of the magazine of forage, how and to whose order to issue the same; that proper entries be made in a book, to be kept for the purpose, of all receipts and issues, and that the orders be numbered and filed to agree with the entries in the book. That the forage masters and keepers of the army magazines shall make weekly returns to the commissary of forage, or to the deputy with a separate army, of all forage received and issued, and of ail pasturage made use of, and certificates given for the same; and that the commissary of forage, or deputj^ with a separate army, shall, at the end of every four weeks," make returns to the Quartermaster- General, or deputy quartermaster with a separate army, of all the forage received at the magazines or collected from the country, and of the issues of the same; also of all certificates for pasturage or forage which have, within that time, been given for settlement at the Quartermaster-General's pay office. That forage for the wagon horses be issued on the returns of the respective conductors, countersigned by the wagon master or his deputy; and for other horses, on the order of the officers entitled to receive forage by virtue of these regulations; and if any officer in the forage department shall issue forage in any other manner, or in larger proportions than is precribed in these regulations, he shall be charged with and pay the full value of such extra forage, and be dis- missed from the service. That there be no deput} T commissary of forage or forage master appointed except for the main army, or a separate arnry, and that all forage which it may hereafter be necessary to issue at any post be issued by the deputy quartermaster of the State, his assistants, or storekeepers. That the deputy quartermaster of the State shall appoint the maga- zines or places at which forage shall be issued, and none shall be issued at any other; nor shall any forage be issued at such post to any officer, unless he certifies upon honor, on his return, that he is not on furlough nor absent from the army on his private business. That a ration of forage shall consist of 14 pounds of haj' and 8 quarts of oats for a saddle horse, and 16 pounds of hay and 12 quarts of oats, or other short forage equivalent, for a draught horse, per day; that in cases where either of the above articles can not be furnished, a double quantity of the other shall be considered as a complete ration. And whereas the great number of issuing posts established in these States have, by experience, been found very burdensome and expensive : Resolved, That from and after the first day of August next no post, without troops there stationed, and in the continental service, shall be continued or established in any State at the expense of the United States, nor public provisions or forage issued thereat, but by order of the Board of War, the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate army; and such orders shall be given only in cases when, in their opinion, the obtaining provision or forage in any other way would be impracticable. And whereas it may sometimes happen that there is a necessity to THE QUAETEEMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 171 detain hired teams, the owners of which were to find their own forage and provisions, beyond the time for which such teams were engaged, and who, if their own forage and provisions are expended, must have recourse to the public magazines: Resolved, That such teams, and their conductors and drivers, so detained and become destitute of forage and provisions, shall be sup- plied out of the public magazines, upon the written order of the officer by whose order they shall have been detained; and the wagon master or his deputy or other person under whose direction such teams be employed, before he signs their discharge, shall caused to be endorsed thereon, by the forage master and commissary, or storekeeper (as the case may be), the number of rations of forage and provisions furnished to such teams and their conductors and drivers, that the same may be deducted out of the wages due to the owners of such hired teams; that, excepting in the cases above mentioned, no provisions or forage be drawn by any person not actually serving with the Army or some detachment thereof. That there be one wagon master with the main Army, and as many deputies, clerks, and conductors as the service may require and the Commander in Chief shall approve of; that there be a deputy for each separate army, with as many assistants, clerks, and conductors as the same may require and the commanding officer shall approve of. That the wagon master and deputy with a separate army shall keep an exact register of all persons and teams employed with the army in his department, distinguishing by proper columns the private and public property; that he keep exact registers of all payrolls, noting the time and conditions of payment; that in every pay roll the names and employment of every person be inserted at full length; and that the roll be signed by the wagon master or deputy with a separate army, and then pass to the auditor of accounts in the office of the Quartermaster-General, or deputy in a separate army, and from him to the respective pay office. That the wagon master, or deputy in a separate army, give all the orders on the horse yard for horses to equip the teams, and orders on the store for harness; and every deputy or assistant receiving horses or harness upon such order shall be charged with the same in his books, and be made to account by his weekly or monthly returns for the horses or harness delivered to him. That the wagon master shall make monthly returns to the Quarter- master-General, or oftener, if required, of all persons, teams, and horses einplo} r ed in his department, noting where and with whom serving, adding a column of casualties in which to insert the deaths, stolen or strayed horses, and also the harness that may be lost, and generally to make such regulations for the government of the wagoners as shall be best calculated to preserve public property, and to give them as a standing order to all the wagon masters, the Quartermaster- General approving thereof; that the like duties be performed by the deputy wagon master of a separate army. That the quartermaster have liberty, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief, or commander of a separate army, to take such and so many officers from the line of the Army to serve in his depart- ment as he may find necessary, and as are willing to engage in the business. That the Quartermaster-General establish a horse yard with the army for the purpose of receiving and issuing all public horses; and 172 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. that the person appointed deliver none from the yard but b} r the order of the Commander in Chief, the Quartermaster-General, or his deputy, or the wagon master. The same regulations to take place with a separate army. That an exact register be kept of the receipt and delivery of all horses, from whom received, to whom delivered, and by whose order; and also of all horses that may die, be stolen, or stray from the yard, or that are ordered to be sold by the Quartermaster-General as unfit for further service; and that returns of all transactions of the yard be made to the Quartermaster-General's office monthly, and as much oftener as the Quartermaster-General may direct. Whereas it is necessary that every army should be limited in the article of baggage (this regulation being essential, as well as to save expense as to prevent the army from being embarrassed in its opera- tions), and that every officer should have only such a quantity of bag- gage as is essential to his comfort and appearance: Mesolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa- rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so man}' baggage wagons and bathorses as they maj r think necessary, to wit: Major-general and family Brigadier-general and family Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major Captains and subalterns of a regiment, for their baggage Surgeon, paymaster, adjutant, and quartermaster (regi- mental staff) Brigade quartermaster For the tents of a regiment, for every 75 men (but this to be varied according to the weight of the tents and state of the roads) Quartermaster-general, for his baggage according to his rank, for his books, papers, etc., as many as he shall find neces- sary . Covered 4-horse wagon. Open 4-horse wagon. 2-horse wagon. Bat- horses. Deputy quartermaster, with the main army, or with a sepa- rate army, for his books, papers, etc., as many as they may demand Commissary of forage with the main army Deputy commissary of forage with a separate army Wagon master and clerks Deputy wagon masters with the main army, each , Deputy wagon master with a separate army, clerks and as- sistants , Inspector-general, for his baggage according to hisrank, and for his papers, etc., according as the service may require or Commander in Chief may direct , , Subinspector Brigade inspector Adjutant-general and assistants Deputy adjutant-general with a separate army Judge-advocate , Commissary of prisoners , Deputy judge-advocate with a separate army Deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army Provost-marshal with his prisoners and guards A commissary and his deputy of purchases or issues A deputy commissary with a separate army Field commissary of military stores and his deputy with the main army Deputy commissary of military stores with a separate army. . Auditors of the main army, for their baggage, books, papers, etc Auditors for a separate army Deputy paymaster, either with the main army or with asepa- rate army Field postmaster Express rider or 2 i or 2 1 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 173 Provided, That if the number of wagons, stated as above, should prove insufficient, the Quartermaster-General may occasionally furnish such additional carriage as the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate army, or the Board of War may direct. Whereas the business of deputy quartermasters, serving in the dif- ferent States, may vary greatly from one another; and whereas that allowance which would be ample in some States would be inadequate in others: Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to fix the pay of each deputy to conduct the business of his department in the States according to the duties they have to perform, and the expenses they will be at in executing the same, so that the pay of no deputy exceed one hundred and thirty-four dollars per month, without provi sioB or forage, always having regard to the merit and service of the person appointed, and which shall be approved by the Board of War. That the pay of the assistant deputy quartermasters be settled by the deput}^ quartermaster under whom they respectively serve, accord- ing to the duties they have to perform, and the expense they will be at in executing the same, so as the pay of no assistant deputy quarter- master exceed seventy-five dollars per month, without provisions or forage, always having regard to the merit and services of the person appointed, and which shall be approved of by the Quartermaster- General. That the pay of the officers in the Quartermaster-General's Depart- ment, who are attached to the main or a separate army and move with it, be as follows: Quartermaster-General, in addition to his pay as an officer in the line, at the rate of one hundred and sixty-six dollars per month. Assistant quartermaster-general, who is to reside near Congress, at the rate of one hundred and sixty-six dollars per month. Deput}^ quartermaster, thirty-five dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line. Brigade quartermaster, twenty dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line. Commissary of forage, seventy-five dollars per month, and two rations of provisions per day. Deputy commissary of forage, forty dollars per month, and one ration of provisions per day. Forage master, in addition to his pay in the line of the Army, ten dollars per month. Wagon master, sixty dollars per month and two rations of provi- sions per day. Deputy wagon master, forty-five dollars per month and one ration of provisions per day. Assistant wagon master in a separate army, forty dollars per month and one ration of provisions per day. Conductor of wagons, when not of the line of the Army, thirty -five dollars per month and one ration of provisions per day; when of the line of the Army, twelve dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line. That the foregoing salaries be paid in specie or other money equiva- lent. Whereas, in order to prevent the unnecessary consumption of for- age, it is requisite to determine what officers shall be supplied with 174 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. forage at the public expense and to fix the quantity that shall be fur- nished to each: Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bat horses by these regulations there be issued to the Commander in Chief and to the commanding officer of a separate arnry and to those of their suite as many rations as the service shall require. To a major-general and family, seven; brigadier-general and family, six; colonel of infantry or artillery, two; lieutenant-colonel, two; major, two; chaplain, one; surgeon, one; paymaster, one; adjutant, one; quartermaster, one; brigade quartermaster, one; captain of engi- neers, one; Quartermaster-General, as the service may require; deputy quartermaster with the Arm} T , one; commissary of forage, two; deputy commissary of forage, one; wagon master and clerks, three; deputy wagon master, one; deputy wagon master with a separate army, two; assistant wagon master with a separate army, one; Inspector-General, agreeable to his rank; subinspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, one; Adjutant-General and his family, including what he may draw in the line, seven; deputy adjutant-general for a separate army, three, including what he may draw in the line; commissary of pris- oners, two; deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army, two; deputy serving with the main army, one; judge-advocate, two; provost-martial, one; commissary -general of purchases, four; commis- sary-general of issues, two; brigade commissary, one; field commissary of military stores, two; deputy field commissary of military stores, one; deputy paymaster, one; auditors for the Army, each one. That the officers of cavalry be allowed to draw forage or pay for the same, under the like regulations as other officers, for the following number of horses, provided they actually keep the same: A colonel, three; lieutenant-colonel, two; major, two; captain, two; lieutenant, one; cornet, one; paymaster, quartermaster, and adjutant, exclusive of allowances as officers in the line, each one; surgeon, one. * * * That the Quartermaster-General take such measures for providing camp equipage and make such regulations for distributing the same as he shall find necessary and the Commander in Chief or the Board of War shall approve; and that he also take measures for engaging such artificers as the service from time to time may require, in addition to the regimental artificers, and as shall be approved by. the Commander in Chief; and that he generally make such arrangements as shall be necessary to manage the business of the Quartermaster's Department, either with the main army, a separate army, or detachment. That the Quartermaster-General or deputy with a separate army shall furnish such horses for special purposes and on particular appli- cations as he shall think the good of the service may require, and whenever any doubt arises that the matter be referred to the Com- mander in Chief or the commanding officer of a separate army for their instructions. That no purchases of horses or any other articles with the main army or in any of the States for the use of the Army in the Quartermaster- General's Department be made unless by order of the Quartermaster- General or by a deputy quartermaster with a separate army or garrison. That the Quartermaster-General make returns to the Commander in Chief and Board of War, as soon as possible after they are deliv- ered in to him by the assistant quartermaster-general, of all officers and other persons employed and stores belonging to the department. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 175 and that a deputy serving with a separate army or with a garrison make returns quarterly in the months aforementioned, agreeably to the directions given to a deputy of a State, which the Quartermaster- General shall include in his general return. That all officers in the Quartermaster- General's Department, of whatever denomination, shall take the oaths of allegiance and oath of office prescribed by Congress before they enter on business. That, with the returns before directed to be made of the name and station of each person to be appointed in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, there be also at the same time certificates returned therewith of their having respectively taken the oaths and qualifications afore- mentioned. That in settling the accounts of officers in the Quartermaster's Department to be appointed by this act of Congress no pay or allow- ance whatever be granted to any person employed in that department whose name and emploj^ment, together with a certificate of his taking the aforesaid oaths, shall not be duly returned in the manner above directed. That the Board of War shall have power to suspend and dismiss all supernumerary officers that may be employed in the Quartermaster- General's Department. Resolved, That Major-General Greene be continued in the office of Quartermaster-General; that he be, and he is hereby, directed to make the appointments and arrangements in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, agreeably to the foregoing resolutions, as soon as possible. Provided, That nothing contained in the foregoing resolutions shall be construed to annul the resolution of the 9th day of July, 1779, authorizing the executive authority of the respective States to correct abuses in the staff departments, or to vacate any appointment made or that may be made by Major-General Gates for the southern army, agreeably to the resolution of the 14th day of June last. Resolved, That it be, and it is hereby, recommended to the legisla- tures of the several States in which the Army may serve to make provision for furnishing the horses of the Army, or detachments thereof, with a sufficient supply of pasturage, and with such hay or forage as can be spared from the country in the vicinity of the Army or detachment thereof, the same to be settled and paid for by the Quartet nutster-General with the Army or by the deputy in the State. July 20, 1780. Resolved^ That Henr} r Hollingsworth, 1 deputy quartermaster- general, be, and hereby is, suspended, and that some other person be appointed to transact the business of that department. July U, 1780. /,'< solved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed immediately (<> appoint such suitable person as shall be approved by 'Deputy Quartermaster-Geueral II. Hollingsworth was suspended, one of the vouchers in his accounts having a forged signature, and August 8 Congress directed the Board of Treasury to inquire into the matter and report to Congress. On the report of the hoard, Congress resolved that the Board <>l Treasury refer the case to the executive of the State of Maryland and, on the report of one of the judges of the general court of that State, resolved, November 21, 1782, that the complaint be dismissed. 176 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the supreme executive authority of the State of New Jersey to act as deputy quartermaster in the said State, agreeably to the late regula- tion of the Quartermaster's Department, in order that the measures therein provided for collecting forage and transporting provisions and other public stores may be taken as soon as possible. That, until such deputy is so appointed and approved, Moore Fur- man [deputy quartermaster] be authorized to receive from the State commissaries such quantity of forage, out of the supplies purchased for the United States, as may be necessary to enable him to forward the transportation of public stores; and that Governor Livingston be requested to give orders to the State commissaries to deliver the same accordingly, if such order shall be necessary. July 26,1780. Congress proceeded to the election of an assistant quartermaster- general, to reside near Congress, and, the ballots being taken, Charles Pettit, esq., was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Armstrong. August 5, 1780. Resolved, That the absolute refusal of Major-General Greene, at this important crisis, to act under the new arrangement of the Quarter- master-General's Department has made it necessary that the office of Quartermaster-General be immediately filled. * * * Resolved, unanimously, That Congress proceed to the election of a Quartermaster- General . Congress accordingly proceeded, and, the ballots being taken Mr. Timothy Pickering was elected. * * * Resolved, That Timothy Pickering, esq., having been appointed Quartermaster-General upon an extraordinary emergency, be con- tinued as a member of the Board of War, but that the exercise of all his powers at the said board, and his pay as a member thereof, be sus- pended during such time as he shall continue Quartermaster-General. That while ne holds the office of Quartermaster-General he have the rank of colonel, and the pay and rations of a brigadier-general, over and above the pay allowed the Quartermaster-General in the late arrangement of the Quartermaster's Department. August 15, 1780. Resolved, That the assistant quartermaster-general be allowed one or more clerks, as the nature of the service may require and the Board of War shall approve. August 19, 1780. Resolved, That Major-Gen. Greene, late quartermaster-general, be, and hereby is, directed to furnish Col. Pickering, quartermaster- general, with returns of all buildings, vessels and craft, horses, wagons, stores and articles, of what kind soever, in possession or under the THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 177 direction of any officers or persons emplo3'ed under him in his late department, and which arc occupied on account of or belong- to the United States; and also with full information in writing of all public contracts and purchases by them made of which the terms have not been fully executed, or the services or articles contracted for or pur- chased have not been completely rendered or delivered; That in the meantime he direct all officers and others employed under him, on the demand of any deputy or storekeeper appointed under the plan for regulating the quartermaster-general's department, deliver to such deputy or storekeeper, on their producing their appointments, respectively, and the orders of the quartermaster- general to receive them, all the articles before enumerated and any others in their possession or under their direction which are occupied on account of or belong to the United States, together with the written evidences of the contracts and purchases aforesaid which yet remain unexecuted. August 22, 1780. Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public stores . . . , upon which the existence of the armies of these United States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the Quartermaster-General, . . . ; therefore, Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having sold without a proper order for that purpose, embezzled, or wilfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili- tary or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of America, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and any person in any of the said departments intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall suffer such punishment as the said court shall, in their discretion, direct, according to the degree of the offense. August 23, 1780. Resolved, That no certificates issued in the Quartermaster's . . . Department after the 15th day of September next afford any claim upon the United States unless issued under the following regulations: 1st. That they be for services performed or articles purchased within their respective departments. 2dly. The Quartermaster-General . . . shall themselves sign all such certificates as are issued in their respective departments. Sdly. All such certificates shall be given for specie or other current money equivalent. 4thly. All contracts or purchases made for which certificates shall be given shall be made for specie value. S. Doc. 229 12 178 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. 5thly. The articles so purchased shall be enumerated in such certifi- cates, with the rates and prices thereof; and the prices shall be reason- able when the present circumstances of our affairs are compared with the cost of articles of like quality or services performed in the year 1775, or when compared with the allowance by Congress to the United States, as expressed in their resolution of the 25th of February last. Resolved, That certificates issued under and agreeable to the fore- going regulations shall bear an interest of six per cent per annum from the time stipulated for payment until paid. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General . . . be, and hereby are, strictly enjoined to make monthly returns of their purchases and proceedings to the Board of War and make monthly returns, to wit, on the last day of every month to the Board of Treasury of all certificates so issued as aforesaid. August 26, 1780. Resolved, That, all and singular, the creditors of these United States for supplies furnished the Army or the transportation thereof shall be entitled to receive the just value of the sums due them respectively in the bills of credit emitted pursuant to the act of the 18th of March last, the value of the sums due to be ascertained according to the cur- rent value of continental bills of credit compared with specie at the time the money became due at the place where the supplies were fur- nished; provided the same do not exceed the prices fixed for such sup- plies by the act of the 25th of February last or a proportionate value for services done and articles furnished not mentioned in the said act; but if the nominal sum in continental currency contracted for when reduced to specie value as aforesaid shall exceed the fixed prices afore- said, the creditor shall be entitled to receive the amount of the sup- plies furnished or services done at the said fixed or proportionate prices in the new bills aforesaid or the nominal sum contracted for in continental bills of credit, and no more, at his election. That the accounts being duly examined and adjusted by the rqle aforesaid by commissioners that may be appointed agreeably to the resolution of the 12th of June last to settle the accounts of officers of the staff departments in the several States, or by the officer who made the contract, or by whom the payment is to be made, the same shall be paid or a certificate given for the sum justly due, certifying that the same has been duly examined and adjusted agreeably to the direc- tions aforesaid, and if paid in the new bills the interest on the said bills shall be computed to the date of such certificate. That all debts due to the United States for monies received for their use or otherwise within any of these States shall be paid according to the just value of the money when it was received or became due,- to be ascertained as aforesaid. August 28, 1780. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be, and hereby is, author- ized and directed to make sale of all buildings and other property belonging to the United States under his care which, in his opinion, are not wanted for public use, and render an account of such sales to the Board of Treasury, that he may be charged with the money arising thereon. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 179 N. ptember 1, 1780. Jacob Hiltzheimer was allowed $40 per month from February 16, 1780, for his service in providing for the horses under his care, and Congress directed that what was then, or might hereafter become, due to Hiltzheimer for keep- ing the horses be paid to him, and that he apply the same for defraying the expenses of keeping the said horses. [As the resolution ended by stating "any former resolu- tion to the contrary notwithstanding," it is assumed that Congress meant to relieve the commissary -general of forage from supplying him with the necessary forage.] September 8, 1780. Resolved, That magazines of . forage for 15,000 men for 6 months be immediately provided and laid up for the Southern Army. * * * Resolved, That North Carolina furnish magazines of forage . . . to the utmost of their ability, to be stored at such convenient places as to the commanding officer in the Southern Department shall appear most eligible. September 25, 1780. Resolved, . . . The Quartermaster-General shall furnish all necessary books, paper, etc., for the [inspecting and mustering] department. September 30, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General furnish the Hospital Department, from time to time, as occasion may require, with such a number of horses and wagons as may be necessary for removing the sick and wounded and for transporting the hospital stores; but that no other horses than those belonging to the officers of the depart- ment, for which forage may be herein allowed, be kept separately and at the expense of the department. September 30, 1780. "As the direction of the waggon department is a charge of great importance (in foreign armies generally intrusted to a field officer of the line), and as it is thought the service will be benefitted by a similar practice in our Army, Major Cogswell, of the First Massachusetts Regiment, is appointed waggon master to the main Army." "Henry Emanuel Lutterloh, esq., is also appointed commissary of forage." "The ( ommander in Chief takes this occasion to thank Major-General Greene for the able and satisfactory manner in which he discharged the duties of the Quarter- master-General's Department dtmng his continuance in office, and to express his approbation of his conduct and orders in the absence of the general." {Orders, Ui rural Headquarters, Orangetoum.) October 16, 1780. It appearing that Lieutenant-Colonel Ternant had impressed from him two good riding horses during the siege of Charleston, by order of the State of South. Carolina: Ordered, That the Quartermaster-General furnish Lieutenant-Col- onel Ternant with two good horses, reporting their value to the Treas- ury Board, who are hereby directed to make the said State accountable. October 21, 1780. Ordered, That John Bradford, continental agent at Boston, deliver to the Quartermaster-General or his order all the duck in his hands -unable for tents, the property of the United States, to be made up into tents for the Army. . . . 180 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. November 10, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General take immediate measures for removing- all horses, the property of the United States, which, in the opinion of the Commander in Chief, can be spared from the Army, into some one or more of the said States where he can pro- vide the said horses with forage on reasonable terms. That if it be deemed preferable by the Commander in Chief that a proportion of the public horses should be disposed of for draft oxen, to be provided for the ensuing campaign, he be authorized to direct the Quartermaster-General to effect the same in such manner as may be most beneficial to the public service. That the Quartermaster-General immediately apply to the executive authority of the States nearest the quarters of the main army to fur- nish such quantities of forage as may be in their power, to enable him to lay up proper magazines for the use of the Army; and that he also apply to the more distant States to furnish the intermediate posts with forage for the purpose of transporting provisions and stores to the Army, and provide forage for the horses removed from the Army. December 28, 1780. Resolved, That Congress approve the appointment made by Major- General Greene of Lieutenant-Colonel Carrington to be deputy quar- termaster-general for the Southern Army. January 9, 1781. "All the tents of the Army are to be delivered to the Quarter- master-General, who will have them washed, cleaned, and repaired. Such as are irreparable, or as many of them as will answer the purpose, he is to reserve, to make cases for the camp kettles, that they may not grease and injure the soldiers' cloaths, as they will next campaign be obliged to carry their own kettles." {Orders, General Headquarters [no place given] . ) January 23, 1781. Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed to procure a sufficient number of horses to remount such of the cavalry as are destitute of horses, agreeable to the directions to be given by the Commander in Chief for the next campaign. February 20, 1781. Resolved, . . . That the deputy quartermaster in Pennsylvania be, and he is hereby, directed to put the wagons belonging to the Penn- sylvania line in order for service immediately. * * Resolved, That 400 wagons be procured and furnished for the South- ern army. * * * Resolved, That the Board of War be, and hereby are, directed to fur- nish the Southern Army with . . . 860 tents. . . . April 19, 1781. Whereas differences have arisen between quartermasters . . . and persons claiming to be creditors of the United States, for articles furnished by or taken from them and for services performed by them, for which no vouchers have been given or for which the voucher may THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 181 be lost, or having vouchers it is doubtful whether the account can be adjusted in either of the departments of the Quartermaster-General; . . . to remedy which, Resolved, That every such claim as aforesaid which shall have been submitted to the inspection of the continental commissioners for audit- ing and adjusting accounts, and by them certified, shall, by the quarter- master ... be allowed and may be paid, or certificates given for the same, in like manner as is directed in the act of Congress of 26th August, 1780. April 21, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized to remove from office or employment, for incapacity, neg- ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persons, not immedi- ately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, as are or may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expenditure of the public supplies, stores, and other property; . . . and such of the said persons as are or may be in his judgment unnec- essary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office to whom it may belong to supply the vacancy the respective names of the per- sons so removed. That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment, for similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid, immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason for suspension: Provided, That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial, the superintendent be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed if he shall deem it most expedient for the public service to put them in arrest hy order in writing and to apply to the officer whose dut} r it ma}^ be to order a court-martial; and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingly. That in eveiy case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from the date thereof, unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place when it may be necessary by a temporary appointment, to con- tiirae until the person suspended be restored or dismissed. That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Army, or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret service by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or the commanding officer of a separate department. That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. April 26, 1781. It*. solved, That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint Colonel Champion, of Newport, a barrack master t< the French army, and to annex to that office a salary not exceeding the pay of an assistant deputy quartermaster. April 27, 1781. Ordered, That John Bradford, continental ag-nt at Boston, deliver to the Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the duck in his hands belonging to the United States, proper lor tents. 182 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY. May 28, 1781. Ordered, That all the duck of whatever description belonging to the United States, in the hands of the continental agent at Boston, be delivered to the Quartermaster-General, or his order; that so much thereof as is suitable may be made up into tents, and the residue, except so much as is necessary for other uses in the Quartermaster- General's Department be exchanged for light duck or other materials tit for tents, and the materials produced by such exchange be imme- diately made up into tents for the use of the Army. June 18, 1781. Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief ana the com- manding general in a separate department, respectively, be, and hereby are, authorized to direct what clothing shall, from time to time, be dealt out to the . . . wagoners, having regard to the nature of their service and the terms of their contract, and time for which the) 7 are engaged: * * * That the Quartermaster-General, and his deputies in the several States, shall, on the requisitions of the clothier-general, furnish the means of transportation of all articles of clothing from the places where imported, received, or purchased to the places of deposit; and a careful wagon master or conductor, to be appointed by the Quarter- master-General or some of his deputies, shall proceed with the clothing, who shall be answerable for all deficiencies on the road, unless they shall be able to show that the same happened by unavoidable accidents and not through their misconduct or want of attention. That in case of injuries or deficiencies happening in the transporta- tion of clothing the clothier stationed at the magazine or place of deposit shall represent the matter to the nearest commanding officer of the troops of the United States, that the wagon master or conductor having had charge of the clothing so damaged or deficient may be tried by a court-martial and, if found guilty, compelled to restore the goods lost, or their value, or make satisfaction for damages accrued through his negligence or mismanagement, or be punished according to the nature of the offense by judgment of the court-martial. * * * That the Quartermaster-General or his deputy, on the application of the clothier-general or either of his deputies, furnish wagons for trans- porting raw or unmanufactured hides to such places as they shall direct. June 20, 1781. Resolved, That Charles Pettit, assistant quartermaster-general, be permitted to resign that office, agreeably to his request. That the office of assistant quartermaster-general be abolished; and that the duties of the said office be performed by the Quartermaster- General and his deputies under his direction. June 30, 1781. "Major Piatt having resigned the office of Deputy Quartermaster to the main Army, Lt. Col. Dearborne is appointed in his room." {Orders, General Headquarters [no place given'] . ) Jul;/ 9, 1781. "Captain Hasfield White, of the Fifth Massachusetts Regiment, is appointed deputy wagon master. ' ' ( Order*, General Headquarters^ near Dobbs Ferry. ) THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 183 My 10, 1781. Ii' solved. That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall, from time to time, appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all necessary supplies for use of the Army or armies of the United States, . . . and also the transportation thereof. July H, 1781. Resolved, That John Storey be entitled to the same pay and rations for his services from the time of General Greene's resignation as Quartermaster-General until the 21st of April last which he received or was entitled to receive when acting immediately under the said Quartermaster-General. That the said John Storey immediately repair to camp and there carefully transact and settle the business belonging to the late Quartermaster-General's Department until the further order of Con- gress; and for this service he shall be allowed, from the 21st of April last, the pay and rations of a captain in the line of the Army. September 25, 1781. "Capt. -Lieut. Miles is appointed brigade quartermaster to the artillery in the room of Capt. -Lieut. Howe, deceased." {Orders, General Headquar- ters, WiU'tainxburgh.) October 22, 1781. Resolved, That letters to and from the Quartermaster-General be carried free of postage. January 1, 1782. "No officer except such as command corps in this city are in future to draw wood from the quartermaster, but at the end of every month each officer shall be paid for the wood he is allowed at the average price paid by the quar- termaster during that month." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia. ) January 10, 1782. Resolved, . . . The Inspector-General, or inspector of a sepa- rate army, shall be authorized to call on the Quartermaster-General, . . . or their deputies for returns of the articles which have been issued from and returned to their several departments by each corps. . . . March U, 1782. Rrxolrrd, That so much of the rex )l ut i< m of the 30th of October, 1780, as continues to Major-General Greene the power of which had been given to Major-General Gates, by a resolution of the 14th of June, in the same year, of appointing the officers in the Quartermas- ter-General's Department for the Southern Army, be repealed. The resolution of the 15th of July, 1780, providing for the appoint- ment of one deputy quartermaster only for a separate army, and the southern services requiring an additional one: Resohed, That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, out of the line of the Army, an additional deputy quartermaster for the Southern Army, who shall be subordinate to and under the command of the other deputy quartermaster for the 184 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. said army, and whose pay shall be the same with that allowed to the deputy quartermaster by the aforesaid resolutions of the 15th of July, 1780. Resolved, That the principal deputy quartermaster to the Southern Army be allowed, during actual service, 75 dollars per month and four rations per day, in addition to his pay and subsistence as an officer in the line, until the further order of Congress. Resolved, That the officer who has conducted the quartermaster- general's department in the Southern Army since Gen. Greene has had the command thereof be allowed for his past services the same emolu- ments with those granted to the principal deputy quartermaster in the preceding resolution. * * * And whereas the business of the Quartermaster-General being con- siderably lessened by the present mode of supplying the Army in gen- eral by contract, and it being at all times proper to establish the pay and emoluments of officers, as near as possible, proportioned to their ranks and services: Resolved, That for the above reasons the pay and allowance of the Quartermaster-General be reduced from 3,492 dollars per annum, and rations and all other allowances, estimated at 1,904 dollars per annum, to the same pay and allowance in future of a major-general. March 26, 1782. Resolved, That the quartermaster with the Southern Army be, and he is hereby, empowered to raise, on the best terms possible, a corps of pioneers, consisting of 30 privates, under such officers now in pub- lic pay as he may think proper to appoint, to be governed by the Articles of War, and to continue on the establishment one year, unless the service will admit of their being sooner discharged. March 27, 1782. Ordered, That the Secretary at War make returns to Congress of the officers employed in the Quartermaster's Department. April 10, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the Secretary at War direct the building and management of . . . magazines, barracks, and other public buildings, the necessity of which he is, from time to time, to report, and the same is to be approved of by Congress. That the Secretary at War be empowered ... to provide guards for the safe conveyance of money and any articles necessary for the use of the Army whenever it shall appear to him to be necessary. April 22, 1782. Resol/ved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow- ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled to from the Quartermaster's Department . . . be, and they are hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 185 officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: Quartermaster-General, 4 rations per day, 251 dollars per month. Deputy quartermaster with the Southern Arnry, 2 rations per day, 12f # dollars per month. Commissary of forage, 1 rations per day, 11 dollars per month. Subaltern, 1 ration per day, 3^f dollars per month. April 83, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the supernumeraiy junior lieutenants, beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced; . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respec- tive ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence belonging to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . . May 7, 1782. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is, authorized to appoint an inspector for the Main and Southern Army, to take care that the contracts for supplying rations be duly executed by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of public propert} T in the several departments of the Army, and report any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their property, be liable to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the Commander in Chief, or commander of the army to which the inspect- ors respectively shall be appointed, any resolution or act of Congress heretofore made notwithstanding. That the pay to each inspector be 166$ dollars per month in full of all allowances. That each inspector, when appointed, shall take an oath for the faith- ful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspector of the contracts of the Army. Jwne 21, 1782. Resolved, That the Secretary of War institute an immediate enquiry into the reasons which have delayed the arrival of . . . necessa- ries which have already been provided and sent on to the Southern Army; and that ho take every step in his power to discover the causes of delay, embezzlement, and other circumstances which have so fre- quently arrested the supplies for the Southern A rin y, and report thereon to Congress. Ordered, That the superintendent of finance report to Congress the causes which have prevented the Southern Army being supplied by contract. 186 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 30, 1782. "The Quartermaster-General will furnish the commanding offi- cers of brigades with the signal flags, which are to be carefully preserved by the brigade quartermasters. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) September 1, 1782. "The general is desirous the troops should make themselves as comfortable as possible while in the field. The encampment itself is very pleasant and healthy. Straw will be issued at the rate of two bundles per tent; of this, with the flags and leaves which may be procured, convenient mats or bedding may be formed. Shades or bowers should also be erected in front of the tents, in the con- struction of which regularity will be extremely pleasing to the eye." (Orders, Gen- eral Headquaretrs, Verplanks Point. ) October 23, 1782. Resolved, That the establishment of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment by the resolutions of Congress of the 15th of July, 1780, be, from and after the first day of January next, repealed and the fol- lowing regulations then adopted in its stead: Resolved, That there be one Quartermaster-General, the present Quartermaster-General to be continued in office, and hereafter, as vacancies arise, to be appointed by Congress. That the Quartermaster-General, with the approbation of the Com- mander in Chief, appoint the following officers for the armies of the United States, viz: For the main army: One deputy quartermaster, one wagon master, one commissary of forage, one director and one subdirector of a com- pany of artificers. For the Southern Army: One deputy quartermaster, one deputy commissary of forage, one deputy wagon master one director, and one subdirector of a company of artificers, and as many assistants as the service may require in the Main and Southern Army, to perform the duties of quartermasters of brigades, storekeepers, clerks, and such other duties in the Quartermaster's Department as the service may require, and also as many wagon conductors. That the pay per month of the officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department, including their pay in the line of the Army, shall be as follows: Quartermaster-General, 166f# dollars; deputy quartermaster with the Southern Army, 125 dollars; deputy quartermaster with the main army, 75 dollars; wagon master, 60 dollars; commissary of forage for the main army, 60 dollars; commissary of forage for the Southern Army, sixty dollars; deputy wagon master for the Southern Army, 50 dollars; assistants in the Quartermaster's Department, each 30 dollars; wagon conductors, each 20 dollars; directors of artificers, each 40 dol- lars, subdirectors of ditto, each 26f # dollars. That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, unless otherwise directed in special cases by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the Southern Army : The Commander in Chief and commanding officer of the Southern Army, for their own accommodation and for their families, as many baggage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary. Major-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon and one two-horse wagon. Brigadier-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon. Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major, one covered four-horse wagon. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 187 Captains and subalterns of a regiment, for their baggage, one cov- ered four-horse wagon. Surgeon, paymaster, adjutant, and quartermaster, regimental staff, one covered four-horse wagon. Brigade quartermaster, one bathorse. For the tents of a regiment, for every 75 men, but this to be varied according to the weight of the tents and the state of the roads, one open four-horse wagon. Quartermaster-General, for his baggage, according to his rank, for his books, papers, &c, as many as he shall find necessary. Deputy quartermaster with the main army or with a separate army, for his baggage and for his books, papers, &c. , one covered four-horse wagon. Commissary of forage with the main army, his clerks and assistants, one covered four-horse wagon. Deputy commissary of forage with a separate army, one two-horse wagon. Wagon master and clerks, one covered four-horse wagon. Deputy wagon master with the Southern Army, his clerk and assist- ants, one two-horse wagon or two bathorses. Inspector-General, for his baggage, according to his rank; and for his papers, as the Commander in Chief may direct. Inspectors, one two-horse wagon. Adjutant-General, two covered four-horse wagons; for the baggage of his assistant, clerks, and official papers, one two-horse wagon. Judge- Advocate, one two-horse wagon. Deputy judge-advocate for the Southern Army, one two-horse wagon. Commissary of prisoners, one two-horse wagon. Deputy commissary of prisoners, Southern Army, one two-horse wagon. Provost-marshal, with prisoners and guards, one open four-horse wagon. Field commissary of military stores and his deputy with the main and Southern Army, each, one bathorse. Deputy paymaster with the main and Southern Army, each, one two-horse wagon. Field postmaster, one bathorse. Provided, that if the number of wagons stated above should prove insufficient, the Quartermaster-General may occasionally furnish such additional carriages as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army or the Secretary at War may direct. That a ration of forage per day shall consist of 14 pounds of hay and 10 quarts of oats for each horse. That there be issued to the Commander in Chief, and to the com- manding officer of a separate army, and to those of their suite, as many rations as the service may require. That there be allowed for saddle horses: Rations. To a major-general and family 7 Brigadier-general and family 5 Colonel of infantry or artillery '2 Lieutenant-colonel - 2 Major '. 2 Chaplain 1 Surgeon 1 Adjutant 1 188 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GEHERAL STAFF OF tJ. S. ARMY. Rations. Quartermaster 1 Brigade quartermaster 1 Quartermaster-General, as the service may require. Deputy quartermaster with the army 2 Captain of engineers 1 Commissary of forage 2 Deputy with Southern Army 2 Wagon master and clerks 3 Deputy wagon master, separate army 2 Inspector-general, agreeable to his rank. Inspector, in addition to what he draws in the line 1 Adjutant-General 4 Deputy with a separate army 3 Each assistant 2 Commissary of prisoners 2 Deputy with a separate army 2 Judge-advocate 2 Deputy with a separate army 2 Provost-marshal 1 Field commissary of military stores 2 Deputy with a separate army 2 Deputy paymaster 1 Officers of cavalry to be allowed to draw forage for the following number of horses, provided they actually keep the same: Colonel 3 Lieutenant-colonel 2 Major 2 Captain 2 Lieutenant 1 Cornet 1 Paymaster "| Quartermaster . . > Exclusive of allowance as officers in the line, each 1 Adjutant j Surgeon 1 Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General, with the approbation of the Secretary at War, shall appoint so many assistants to reside in the several States as the public service may require. That all officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department, of whatever denomination, shall take the oaths of allegiance and the oath of office prescribed by Congress before they enter on business. That the Quartermaster-General make a return of the names and station of each person to be appointed in his department. That in settling the accounts of officers in the said department, no pay or allowance whatever be granted to any person employed therein whose name and employment, together with a certificate of his having taken the aforesaid oaths, shall not have been returned within two months after his acceptance of such office. October W, 1782. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be allowed 15 rations per day; That the deputy quartermaster with the Southern Army be allowed 12 rations per day; That all assistants in the Quartermaster's Department be allowed, each of them, two rations per day. That the wagon master, commissary of forage for the Main Army, and commissary of forage for the Southern Army be each allowed five rations per day; THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 189 That the deputy wagon master with the Southern Army be allowed four rations per day; That the wagon conductors' be each of them allowed a ration and a half per day; That the directors of the artificers be allowed, each of them, three rations per day, and the subdirectors, each of them, two rations per day: And that the foregoing rations shall be inclusive of what the several officers aforesaid may be entitled to draw in the line of the Army. Novembers, 1782. "The quartermaster having represented his inability to procure forage during the winter for the whole number of horses allowed to the general and other officers of the line and staff who remain with the troops in the New Windsor cantonments, has proposed to supply in the following proportion, which has been approved by the Commander in Chief: To a major-general, rations for 3 horses * * * Briga< Her and adjutant general 3 " Brigadier-general 2 " * * * Inspector of the Northern Army, f As they will have to visit and mus- ) 2 " Assistant inspector \ ter detachments. j 2 " Captain of engineers 1 " Brigade major 1 " Brigade quartermaster 1 " * * * Assistants of adjutant-general, each 1 " < let igrapher and assistants, together 1 Judge-advocate 1 ' Director of hospitals . 2 " Each hospital physician 1 " Apothecary ] " Purveyor or steward 1 " * * * Commissary of prisoners (his business often requiring his absence) 2 " Quartermaster-General 2 " Each of his assistants 1 " Commissary of forage 2 ' ' Each of his assistants (who are employed riding in the country) 1 " Wagonmaster-general 2 " Each of his assistants employed on duty of riding 1 " It will be optional to those who are entitled to keep a greater number of horses than are allowed in the foregoing to deliver up the surplus to the Quartermaster-General, who will send them to some distance from camp and keep them at public expense, or they may keep them at their own charge and he will pay them the amount of the rations which such horses would have drawn had they remained with the Army." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) November 12, 1782. Resolved, That the geographer to the main army, and the geographer to the Southern department be each of them allowed . . . forage for two saddle horses, one two-horse covered wagon, . . . That the assistant geographers ... be allowed forage for one saddle horse. December 21>, 1782. Resolved, That the Quartermaster- General furnish all extraordinary expresses when the service require them, any ordinance or resolution of Congress to the contrary notwithstanding. 190 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. February 11, 1783. The Quartermaster-General agrees to give six pence, or half a ration, per cord for the wood cut for the use of the hospitals, of which the parties employed for that purpose may avail themselves. {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) April 17, 1783. Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of all the dragoon horses belonging to the United States, and of all such articles in the several military departments as may not be necessary for the use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of maga- zines on a peace establishment. January W, 1784. Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of Quarter- master-General . . . be, and they are hereby, ordered to tran - mit as soon as may be to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, an exact return of all the stores in their respective departments, specify- ing the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured. February 28, 1785. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General ... be required without delay to forward to the Board of Treasury or to the Comp- troller a list of their respective deputies who have been duly author- ized to issue certificates. July m, 1785. Resolved, That the department of Quartermaster-General be con- sidered as ceasing on the day of passing this resolution, and that the Secretary at War and all others concerned govern themselves accord- ingly. October 2, 1788. The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton, Mr. Gilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report and to present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various branches of the Department of War: 7TH. OF THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. The Quartermaster's Department on the frontiers is arranged on principles highly economical and beneficial to the public. Instead of an officer at the head of this department, with his train of attendants, all supplies are furnished by the contractors of provi- sion, who have also, from time to time, contracted with the Secretary at War to furnish all necessary articles on the frontiers which shall be required for the troops, on the following principles: 1st. No articles to be furnished but by an order in writing from the commanding officer of the troops or the commanding officer of a sepa- rate post, who shall be responsible to the Secretary at War that only such articles shall be ordered as the situation of the troops render indispensably necessary. the quarterm aster's department. 191 2d. That for all articles so furnished the original bills of parcels shall be produced b} T the contractor, which shall oe verified upon oath if required. 3d. That no charge shall be allowed the contractors which shall be deficient in the vouchers, the nature of which are precisely carried out. 4th. That for all supplies, advances, and services rendered in this line the contractor shall have an allowance made of 5 per cent on the settlement of their account, every six months, at the Treasury. All necessary articles which are furnished within the State for the troops are purchased by the Secretary at War without any commission or charge thereon to the public. This arrangement existed previous^ to the resolve of Congress for abolishing the Quartermaster-General's Department, July 25, 1785. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1791 (1 Stats., 222). AN ACT for raising and adding another regiment to the military establishment of the United States, and for making further provision for the protection of the frontiers. * * * Sec. 5. That in case the President of the United States should deem the employment of a . . . quartermaster ... essen- tial to the public interest, that he be, and ho hereby is, empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same accordingly. . . . Sec. 6. That in case a . . . quartermaster . . . should be appointed, their pay and allowances shall be, respectively, as herein mentioned; . . . That the quartermaster shall be entitled to the same pay, rations, and forage as the lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regi- ment. . . . Act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stats., 2U). AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision for the frontiers of the United States. * * Si< . 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers, . . . on the military establishment of the United States, . . . shall be in future as follows, free of all deductions, to wit: General stall: . . . quartermaster, one hundred dollars, . . . deputy quar- termaster, fifty dollars. . . . * * * Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279). AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments. * * * Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with . . . supplies in the Quartermaster's Department . . . be made by or under the direction of the Treasury Department. * * * 192 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. February 23, 1795 (1-419). This act established in the Treasury Department the office of purveyor of public supplies. His duties were to conduct the procuring and providing of all arms, military stores, provisions, clothing, etc. His compensation was fixed at $2,000 per annum, and letters to and from him were to be conveyed free of postage. The office was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812. Act of March 3, 1795 (1 Stats., 430). AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject. * * * Sec. 10. That the monthly pay of the officers ... on the mili- tary establishment of the United States, be as follows, to wit: General staff, . . . a Quartermaster-General, one hundred dollars; . . . deputy quartermaster, fifty dollars. . . . Sec. 11. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions, to wit: . . . Quartermaster-General . . . six rations; ... a deputy quartermaster, two rations ... or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers, at the con- tract price, at the posts, respectively, where the rations shall become due. Sec. 12. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the following enumerated sums, per month, instead thereof, to wit: . . . Quartermaster-General . . . twelve dollars; . . . deputy quartermaster . . . six dollars. . . . Act of May 30, 1796 (1 Stats., 4S3). . AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Quartermaster-General . . . * * * Sec. 12. That the monthly pay of the officers ... of the mili- tary establishment be as follows: . . . quartermaster . generals ... in addition to their pay in the line, twenty -five dol- lars. . . . Sec. 13. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: ... a quartermaster . . . generals each six rations ... or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers, at the posts, respectively, where the rations snail become due; and if, at such posts, supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former con- tracts and the position of the place in question. Sec. 14. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever for- age shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the following enumerated sums per month, instead thereof, to wit: . . . quartermaster . . . generals, each, "twelve dollars. . . . Sec. 23. That the general staff, as authorized by this act, shall con- tinue in service until the 4th day of next March and no longer. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 193 Act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507). A X ACT to amend and repeal, in part, the act entitled ' 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States." * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be one Quartermaster-General who shall receive the same pay and emoluments, respectively, which those officers have heretofore been allowed by law. * * * Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558). A X ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army. * * * Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge the employment of a Quartermaster-General . . . essential to the public interest, he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same accordingly, who shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments which follow, viz: Quartermaster-General, the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel: . . . Provided, That in case the President shall judge it expedient to appoint a . . . Quartermaster-General, ... in the recess of the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make any or all of said appointments, and grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the next session of the Senate thereafter. * * * Sec. 9. That the . . . Quartermaster-General . . . who may be appointed by virtue of this act shall, respectively, continue in commission during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for the public service. . . . Sec. 10. That no . . . staff officer who shall be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. . . . Act ofJidy 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 610). A S ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service of the United States shall bo made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War . .** . and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore- said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Department for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury in manner before prescribed. Sec. 4. Tnat it shall be the duty of the purve} r or of public supplies to execute all such orders as he may from time to time receive from the Secretary of War, . . . relative to the procuring and provid- ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts S. Doc. 229 13 194 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. relative thereto to the accountants of the proper Departments, which accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury as aforesaid. Sec. 5. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, intituled "An act making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven hundred and ninety -five, intituled "An act to establish the office of purve} 7 or of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act or of any law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States within ninety days after their dates, respectively. Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment, to serve as an . . . assistant to the Quartermaster-General, by what- soever name, . . . the place of such officer in his regiment shall be supplied by promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but the officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not been detached. Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed ... as the quarter- master of a division who, when appointed, shall be of a rank higher than that of captain, or as the quartermaster of a brigade who, when appointed, shall be of a rank higher than that of first lieutenant . . . * * * Sec. 10. That there shall be a Quartermaster-General of the Army of the United States, who shall be entitled to the rank, pay, emolu- ments, and privileges of a major-general. * * * Sec. 12. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the Quartermaster-General shall serve, there shall be a deputy quartermaster-general, who shall be a field officer, and who, in addi- tion to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and travelling expenses; but the provisions of this act are not to affect the present Quartermaster-General of the Army of the United States, who, incase a Quartermaster-General shall be appointed by virtue of this act, is to act as deputy quartermaster-general, and shall hereafter have the rank of lieutenant-colonel; and that to every division of an army there shall be a division quartermaster, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and travelling expenses; and that to every brigade there shall be a brigade quartermasteiywho, in addi- tion to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to twenty-four dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 195 and travelling expenses; each of which officers shall be chosen by the Quartermaster-General from among the regimental officers. * * * Sbo. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause to be provided in each and every year all . . . camp utensils and equipage . . . necessary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases and enter or cause to be entered into all necessary contracts or obliga- tions for effecting the same. Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132). A X ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * . 3. That there shall be . . . three military agents, and such number of assistant military agents as the President of the United States shall deem expedient, not exceeding one to each military post, which assistants shall be taken from the line; . . . Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... to each assistant militarj^ agent eight dollars, in addition to his pay in the line, except the assistant military agents at Pittsburg and Niagara, who shall receive sixteen dollars each, in addi- tion to their pay in the line; . . . Act of April 12, 1808 (2 Stats., 481.) AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * m .< I. 3. That when, in the opinion of the President of the United States, a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall be raised, there may be appointed . . . two brigade quartermas- . . . Si ' 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . authorized bj t bis Act shall be, viz: . . . each brigade quartermaster . . twenty dollars . . . per month in addition to their pay in the line; and to each six dollars per month for forage, when not fur- nished. . . . * * * Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate at the next session for their advice and consent. 8ec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States or some one of the Territories thereof. Act of March 28, 1812 (2 Stats., 696). AN ACT to estahlish a Quartermaster' 8 Department, and for other purposes. That there be, and hereby is, established a Quartermaster's Depart- ment for the Army >t' the United States, to consist of a Quartermaster General, four deputy quartermasters, and as many assistant deputy 196 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. quartermasters as, in the opinion of the President of the United States, the public service may require; the Quartermaster-General and deputy quartermasters to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and the assistant deputy quarter- masters by the President alone. And he hereby is authorized, more- over, to appoint such additional number of deputy quartermasters not exceeding four, to be taken from the line or not, at his discretion, as in his judgment the public service may require. Sec. 2. That the Quartermaster-General shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general (under the act of the twelfth of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight), with forage for two additional horses; the deputy quartermasters, when not taken from the line, shall be entitled to receive sixty dollars per month, five rations per day, and forage for two horses, but if taken from the line, then such additional pay and emoluments as shall be equal to the fore- going provision; the assistant deputy quartermasters, when not taken from the line, shall be entitled to and receive forty dollars per month, three rations per da}', and forage for one horse, but if taken from the line, then such additional pay and emoluments as shall be equal to the foregoing provision. Sec. 3. That, in addition to their duties in the field, it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General, his deputies, and assistant depu- ties, when thereto directed by the Secretary of War, to purchase mili- tary stores, camp equipage, and other articles requisite for the troops, and generally to procure and provide means of transport for the Army, its stores, artillery, and camp equipage; that the Quartermaster- General shall account, as often as may be required, and at least once in three months, with the Department of War, in such manner as shall be prescribed, for all property which may pass through his hands or the hands of the subordinate officers in his department, or that may be in his or their care or possession, and for all moneys which he or they may expend in discharging their respective duties; that he shall be responsible for the regularity and correctness of all returns in his department, and that he, his deputies, and assistant deputies, before they enter on the execution of their respective offices, shall severally take an oath faithfully to perform the duties thereof. * * * Sec. 5. That ... it shall be the duty of the deputy commis- saries, when directed thereto, ... in cases of necessity, by the . . . Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermasters, to pur- chase all such of the aforesaid articles as may be requisite for the mili- tary service of the United States. Sec. 6. That neither . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . shall, directly or indirectly, be concerned or interested in carrying on the business of trade or commerce, or be owner, in whole or in part, of any sea vessel; nor shall (either of them) purchase, by himself or another in trust for him, public lands or any other public property, or be concerned in the purchase or disposal of any public securities of any State or of the United States, or take or apply to his own use any emolument or gain for negotiating or transacting any business in the said department, other than what shall be allowed by law; and if . . . the said Quartermaster-General . . . shall offend against any of the prohibitions of this act, the parties so offending shall, upon conviction, forfeit to the United States the penalty of three thousand dollars and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding five years. The quartermaster's department. . 197 and shall be removed from office and be forever thereafter incapable of holding any office under the United States. * * *- Sec. 10. That all letters and packets to and from the Quartermaster- General . . . shall be free from postage. * * * Sec. 12. That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint a principal wagon master and as many wagon masters as he may judge necessary for the service of the Army, not exceeding one to each bri- gade, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the Quartermaster- General or any of his deputies, to provide and conduct the wagons and other means of transport necessary and proper for the military service of the United States. Sec. 13. That no wagon master shall, directly or indirectly, be con- cerned or interested in any wagon or means of transport employed in the service of the United States, nor in the purchase or sale of any horses, harness, wagons, or other means of transport procured for or belonging to the United States, except as agent for the United States. Sec. 14. That the principal wagon master shall be entitled to receive forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for one horse; and each wagon master shall be entitled to receive thirty dol- lars per month, two rations per day, and forage for one horse. Sec. 15. That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint one principal forage master and as many assistant forage masters as the nature of the service may require, not exceeding one to each brigade, whose duty shall be, under the direction of the Quartermaster-General or any of his deputies, to provide and deliver out forage necessary and proper for the military service of the United States; nor shall any for- age master be directly or indirectly concerned in the purchase or sale of any article of forage procured for or belonging to the United States, except as an agent for tne United States. Sic. 16. That the principal forage master shall be entitled to and receive forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for two horses; and that the other forage masters shall be entitled to and receive thirty dollars per month, two rations per day, and forage for one horse. * * * Sec. 18. That this act shall go into operation on the first day of April next; and that so much of the act fixing the military peace estab- lishment of the United States as respects the appointment of military agents and assistant military agents be, and the same is hereby, repealed from and after that day; imt all those agents shall continue to perform their respective duties in the meantime and until the deputy and assistant deputy quartermasters shall be appointed and ready to enter on the execution of their respective offices; to whom the said military agents and assistant military agents shall then deliver all the public stores and property in their possession. Sic. 19. That all persons attached to the public service by virtue of this a. That the assistant deputy quartermasters-general may be appointed, and officers taken from the line and transferred to the staff may be thus transferred by the President of the United States alone. But all other new appointments authorized by this act shall be made by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate: Provided, That during the recess of the Senate such appointments may be made by the President alone, in which case the same shall be laid before the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent. Sec. 1<). That every act, and any part of any act of Congress now in force within the purview and meaning of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . quarter- masters-general, . . . which relate to their official duties, shall be free from postage. Act of March 30, 18U (3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for the better organising, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. * * * Sbc. 20. That in no case shall the district . . . quartermasters of any grade be taken from the line of the Army. Act of December 15, 18U (3 Stats., 151). AN ACT ilircctiiiL' the ntaff officers of the Army to comply with the requisitions of naval and marine officers in certain cases. That it shall be the duty of the several officers of the staff of the Armv of the United States to provide [on the requisition of the com- manding naval or marine officers when acting or proceeding to act on 202 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. shore in cooperation with land troops] . . . the necessary trans- portation, as well for the men as for their baggage, provisions, and cannon : . Sec. 2. That the respective quartermasters of the Army shall, upon the requisition of the commanding naval officer of any such detach- ment of seamen or marines, furnish the said officer and his necessary aids with horses, accoutrements, and forage during the time they may be employed in cooperating with the land troops as aforesaid. Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., 224). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . four brigade quartermasters . . . The . . . brigade quartermasters shall be taken from the subalterns of the line. May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff which is specifically made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge without material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. One Quartermaster-General and two deputy quartermasters-general to be provision- ally retained. Four brigade quartermasters. * * * {General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April U, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff, be, and the same are hereby, so far established, that the general staff shall, in future, consist of . . . one Quartermaster-General with one deputy quartermaster-general to a division; and an assistant of each to every brigade, which shall .supersede the brigade quartermas- ters . . . now existing . . . * * * Sec. 6. That all officers of the . . . quartermaster's depart- ment, shall, previous to their entering on the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, fully to account for all moneys and public property which they may receive, in such sum as the Secretary of War shall direct. . . . THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 203 Act of March 3, 1817 (3 Stats., 39J). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act making further provisions for military services during the late war, and for other purposes." * * * Sec. 2. That the provisions contained in an act entitled "An act fix- ing the military peace establishment of the United States," passed on the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, granting to the com missioned officers of the Regular Army, who were deranged by said act, three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they were entitled by law at the time of their discharge, shall equally extend to wagon masters, forage masters, barrack masters, . . . who were deranged by the before-recited act, except those provisionally retained by the President of the United States. * * * Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 1&6). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. That so much of the . . . "Act for organizing the general staff and making further provision for the Army of the United States," parsed April twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, as relates to . . . forage, wagon, and barrack masters, and their assistants be, and the same is hereby, repealed. * * * . Sec. 3. That so much of the act of the twenty-fourth of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, aforesaid as relates to the quar- termaster-general of division shall be repealed and the Quartermaster's Department shall consist, in addition to the two deputy quartermas- ters-general and the four assistant deputy quartermasters-general, now authorized, of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emolument of a brigadier-general, and as many assistant deputy quar- ma-ters-general as the President shall deem proper, not exceeding in the whole number twelve. Act ofMaxj 1, 18W 1 (3 Stats., 567). AN A< T in addition to the several acta for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * Sec. 6. That no contract shall hereafter be made by the Secretary of . . . the Department of War, . . . except under a law authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its ful- fillment; and excepting, also, . . . contracts by the Quartermas- ter's Department, which may be made by the secretaries of those departments. * * * Section 5 of this act authorizes the President to direct a portion of the moneys appropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's, Subsistence, and Medical Departments t<> he applied t< any other of the alxive-incntioned hranches of expenditure. 204 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 7. That there shall be one Quartermaster-General; that there shall be two quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; and ten assistant quartermasters, who shall, in addition to their pay in the line, receive a sum not less than ten nor more than twentv dollars per month, to-be regulated by the Secretary of War. Sec. 8. That . . . the assistant quartermasters . . . shall be subject to duties in both departments [and Subsistence Department] under the orders of the Secretary of War. * * * Act of March 3, 1825 (j. Stats., 127). AN ACT authorizing the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stores . . . which, upon proper inspection and survey, shall appear to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Act of May 18, 1826 (j. Stats., 173). AN ACT regulating the accountability for clothing and equipage issued to the Army of the United States and for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Department. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster's Department, in addition to its present duties, to receive from the purchasing depart- ment and distribute to the Army of the United States all clothing and camp and garrison equipage required for the use of the troops; and that it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to prescribe and enforce, under the provisions of this act, a system of accountability for all clothing and equipage issued to the Army. Sec. 2. That every captain, or commander of a company, detach- ment, or recruiting station, or other officer, who shall have received clothing or camp equipage for the use of his command, or for issue to the troops, shall render to the Quartermaster-General, at the expiration of each regular quarter of the year, quarterly returns of such sup- plies, according to the forms which may be prescribed, accompanied by the requisite vouchers for any issue that shall have been made, which returns and vouchers, after due examination by the Quartermaster- THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 205 General, shall be transmitted for settlement to the proper officer of the Treasury Department. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of all officers charged with the issue of clothing or other supplies carefully to preserve the same from waste or damage; and in case of deficiency on final settlement of any article of supplies the value thereof shall be charged against the delin- quent and deducted from his monthly pay, unless he shall show to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War by one or more depositions set- ting forth the circumstances of the case that the said deficiency was occasioned by unavoidable accident, or was lost in actual service, with- out any fault on his part; and in case of damage he shall also be sub- ject to charge for the damage actually sustained, unless he shall show, in like manner, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War, that due care and attention were given to the preservation of said supplies and that the damage did not result from neglect. Sec. 4. That the better to enable the Quartermaster's Department to carry into effect the provisions of this act there be appointed two addi- tional quartermasters and ten assistant quartermasters, to be taken from the line of the Army, who shall have the same rank and compen- sation as are provided for like grades by the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," approved the second day of March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty -one: Provided, That assistant quartermasters be entitled, also, to receive the allowance of forage heretofore authorized by law to regimental and battalion quartermasters. Sec. 5. That each officer appointed under this act shall, before he enters upon his duties, give bond, with sufficient surety, to be approved by the Secretary- of War, in such sum as the President shall direct, with condition for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. Act of March 2, 1827 (j. Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. * * * Sec. 4. That the . . . Quartermaster-General ... be authorized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage . . . Act of July 4, 1836 {5 Stats., 117). AN ACT authorizing the appointment of additional paymasters, and for >ther purrees. * * * Sec. 5. That during the absence of the Quartermaster-General . . . the President be authorized to empower some officer of the department . . . whose chief is absent to take charge thereof, and to perform the duties of Quartermaster-General . . . during such absence: Provided, That no additional compensation be allowed therefor. 206 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 9. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to add to the Quartermaster's Department not exceeding two assistant quartermasters-general with the rank of colonel, two deputy quarter- masters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight assistant quartermasters with the rank of captain; that the assistant quarter- masters now in service shall have the same rank as is provided by this act for those hereby authorized; and that the pay and emoluments of the officers of the Quartermaster's Department shall be the same as are allowed to officers of similar rank in the regiment of dragoons: Pro- vided, That all appointments in the Quartermaster's Department shall be made from the Army, and when officers taken for such appoint- ments hold rank in the line they shall thereupon relinquish said rank and be separated from the line of the Army, and that promotion in said department shall take place as in regiments and corps. Sec. 10. That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized from time to time to employ as man}^ forage masters and wagon masters as he may deem necessary for the service, not exceed- ing twenty in the whole, who shall be entitled to receive each forty dollars per month and three rations per day, and forage for one horse; and neither of whom shall be interested or concerned, directly or indi- rectly, in any wagon or other means of transport employed by the United States, nor in the purchase or sale of any property procured for or belonging to the United States, except as an agent for the United States. Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * * * Third. That so much of said act as requires assistant quartermasters to be separated from the line shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of August 23, 18 J$ (5 Stats., 512). AN ACT resecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That the office of commissary-general of purchases, some- times called commissary of purchases, shall be, and the same is hereby, abolished, and the duties thereof shall hereafter be performed by the officers of the Quartermaster's Department, with such of the officers and clerks now attached to the purchasing department as shall be THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 207 authorized by the Secretan^ of War, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the said Secretary, under the sanction of the President of the United States. Act of Juris 18, 181,6 (9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States, in such numbers that the officers of the Quarter- master . . . departments, authorized by law, be not sufficient to provide for supplying, quartering, transporting . . . them . . . it shall be lawful for the President to appoint, with the advice and con- sent of the Senate, as many additional officers of said departments as tin' service may require, not exceeding one quartermaster . . . for each brigade, with the rank of major, and one assistant quartermaster with the rank of captain; . . . the said quartermasters, . . . assistant quartermasters, ... to give bonds, with good and suf- ficient sureties, for the faithful performance of their duties; and they . . . to perform such duties as the President shall direct : Provided, That the said officers shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are now allowed to officers of the same descriptions and grades in those departments, . . . that they be subject to the rules and Arti- cles of War, and continue in service only so long as their services shall be required in connection with the militia and volunteers. * * * Sec. 7. That promotion in the Quartermaster's Department to the rank of major shall hereafter be made from the captains of the Army. . . . Act of February 11, 184-7 (9 Stats., 123). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force, and for other purposes. . 10. That it shall and may be lawful for the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint, from the officers of the Army, four quartermasters of the rank of major, and ten assist- ant quartermasters with the rank of captain. Act of March !. l%7 (9 Stats., 181j). AN ACT making provision for an additional Dumber of general officers, and for other purposes. # * * Sec. 20. That the provisions of the sixth section of the act entitled "An act respecting the organization of the Army," etc., approved August twenty-third, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, which 208 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. allows additional rations to certain officers of the Army, be, and the same are hereby, so extended as to embrace the Quartermaster-General . . . of the Army from the date of the act. * * * * July 10, 1848 (9-246) . Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of July 19, 1848 (9 Stats., U?)- AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That so much of said act passed on the eleventh February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge at the close of the war with Mexico of ... ; four quartermasters and ten assistant quartermasters, as authorized by the 10th section of said act; . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be filled up until further authorized by law: . . . September 28, 1850 (9-504)- Moneys received from the sale of military stores and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction. Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis- abled soldiers of the Armv of the United States. Sec. 2. That . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . shall be ex officio commissioners of the same. . . . Act of March 3, 1857 (11 Stats., WO). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight. * * * Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department of the Army five military storekeepers, who shall give the bond and security required by the existing law; and they and all other military storekeepers shall have in kind, and in kind only, the fuel and quarters of first lieutenant of the Army. * * * March 3, 1859 (11-431). Board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home reduced; Quartermaster-General no longer a member thereof. Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery THE QUARTERMASTER^ DEPARTMENT. 209 of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising-, a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfil- ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist- ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No . . . military supplies whatever which are of a patented invention shall be purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., ltf). AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thir- tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stats., 214). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * # Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the si i ne. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made, unions the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfilment, except in the War . . . Departments, for cloth- ing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation which, how- ever, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the ( Jovernment for Hie year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of Juno, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. S. Doc. 229 14 210 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 22, 1861 (12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property. * * * Sec. 3. . . . Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one assistant quartermaster. . . . Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. * * * Sec. 3. . And there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, four majors, and twenty captains, with the rank, pay, and allowances of officers of cavalry; and whenever any army captain of the Quartermaster's Department shall have served fourteen years' continuous service, he shall be promoted to the rank of major; and that there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department as many master wagoners, with the rank, pay, and allowances of sergeants of cavalry, and as many wagoners, with the pay and allowances of corporals of cavalry, as the military service, in the judgment of the President, ma} r render necessary. . . . Act of January 31, 1862 (12 Stats., 334). AN ACT to authorize the President of the United States in certain cases to take possession of railroad and telegraph lines, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That the transportation of troops, munitions of war, equip- ment, military property, and stores throughout the United States shall be under the immediate control and supervision of the Secretary of War and such agents as he may appoint; and all rules, regulations, articles, usages, and laws in conflict with this provision are hereby annulled. * * * February 12, 1862 (12-338) . Three competent naval officers may be temporarily detailed for inspecting transport vessels, etc. , for the service of the War Department. Act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stats., 505). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropriations for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, by and with the consent of the Senate, to appoint as many military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army as the exigencies of the service may require: Provided, The whole number of military storekeepers in that department shall not exceed twelve. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 211 .hihj 12, 1862 {12-624). Extra clothing to be furnished to all sick, wounded, or other soldiers who may have lost the same by the casualties of war. July 17, 1862 (12-594). Contractors for military supplies guilty of fraud to be sub- ject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all inspectors of military supplies. Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 597). AX ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, >iq .press insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty -eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That each army corps .shall have . . . one quarter- master . . . who shall bear . . . the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volunteer force by the President. . . . Act of June 25, 1864. (13 Stats., 181). AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army. That every quartermaster and assistant quartermaster . . . shall, as soon as practicable, be ordered to appear for examination as to his qualifications before a board to be composed of three staif officers of the corps to which he belongs, of recognized merit and fitness, of whom two at least shall be officers of volunteers, which board shall make a careful examination as to the qualification of all officers who may appear before them in pursuance of this act, and shall also keep min- utes and make a full and true record of the examination in each case. And all members of such boards of examination shall, before proceed- ing to the discharge of their duties as herein provided, swear or affirm that they will conduct all examinations with impartiality and with a sole view to the qualifications of the person or persons to be examined, and that they will not divulge the-vote of any member upon the exam- ination of any officer who may appear before them. Skc. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened, under the direction of the Secretary of War, by the Quartermaster-General . . . at convenient places; and general rules of examination and a standard of qualification shall be prescribed by said officers, subject to tin- approval of the Secretary of War, and shall be published in general order-. Sec. 8. That after such general order shall have been published for sixty days if any officer who shall then be ordered before a board of examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty days after receiving such special order to report himself as directed, all his pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited until he does appear and report for examination; and if he shall still thereafter fail for a further period of thirty days so to appear he shall thereupon be dropped from the rolls of the Army: /W/vVAv/, horn, n r, That if such failure to appear and report shall have been occasioned by wounds or sickness, or other physical disability, then there shall be no forfeiture of pay until thirty days after such disability has been removed; but if in sixty days after the disability is removed the officer shall not report himself he shall then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases. 212 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 4. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer does not possess the requisite business qualifications they shall forward the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau to which he maj 7 belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve the finding' and report of the board he shall forward the same, through the Secretary of War, to the President of the United States, and if the President shall confirm the same the officer so failing in his examina- tion shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the service with one month's pay, and if not yet commissioned, his appointment shall be revoked. And if the board shall report that any officer fails to pass a satisfactory examination by reason of intemperance, gambling, or other immoralit}^, and if the head of the bureau shall approve the finding and report of the board, and the same being communicated, as before pro- vided, to the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall be dismissed from the service without pay, and shall not be permitted to reenter the service as an officer: Provided, That such dismissal shall not relieve him from liability under existing laws for any offense he may have committed. Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their rec- ords of examination to the heads of the bureau to which they appertain, and such records shall be filed in the proper bureau with a suitable index; and any officer who may desire it shall be entitled to receive a copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying the same. Act of My 4, 186 1^ {13 Stats., 381). AN ACT to restrict the jurisdiction of the Court of Claims and to provide for the payment of certain demands for quartermaster's stores and subsistence supplies furnished to the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 2. That all claims of loyal citizens in States not in rebellion for quartermaster's stores actually furnished to the Army of the United States and receipted for by the proper officer receiving the same, or which may have been taken by such officers without giving such receipt, may be submitted to the Quartermaster-General of the United States, accompanied with such proofs as each claimant can present of the facts in his case; and it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General to cause such claim to be examined, and if convinced that it is just and of the loyalty of the claimant, and that the stores have been actually received or taken for the use of and used by said Army, then to report each case to the Third Auditor of the Treasury with a recommendation for settlement. Act of My 4, 1864 {13 Stats., 394). AN ACT to provide for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Department. That there shall be established in the office of the Quartermaster- General of the Army, to exist during the present rebellion and one year thereafter, the following divisions, each of which shall be placed in the charge of a competent officer of the Quartermaster's Department, to be assigned to such duty by the Secretary of War, who shall, under THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 213 such rules as may bo prescribed by the Quartermaster-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War, transact the business of such division as hereinafter provided, to wit: The first division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement, and disposition of horses and mules for cavalry, artillery, wagon and ambulance trains, and all other purposes for which horses or mules may be procured for the armies of the United States. The second division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement, issue, and disposition of cloth and clothing, knapsacks, camp and gar- rison equipage, and all accoutrements of the soldier which are provided by the Quartermaster's Department. The third division shall have charge of the purchase, charter, hire, and maintenance of all vessels to be used in the transportation of the Army, and of prisoners of war, and of their supplies, on the ocean, and the bays and sounds connected therewith, and upon the northern and northwestern lakes, including all vessels propelled by steam or other- wise, owned or employed by the War Department, excepting river steam vessels and barges upon the Western rivers. The fourth division shall have charge of the purchase, charter, hire, maintenance, and procurement of all transportation for the Army, and its supplies by land and upon the Western rivers (other than transpor- tation by animal power in the field and at camps, garrisons, posts, depots, and stations), including all railroad and telegraph lines oper- ated by the United States for military purposes, and of all steam rams and gunboats owned or employed by the War Department upon the Western rivers, until other disposition shall be made of them by com- petent authority. The fifth division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement, issue, and disposition of forage and straw for the Army. The sixth division shall have charge of the erection, procurement, maintenance, disposition, and so forth, of all barracks, hospital build- ings, storehouses, stables, bridges (other than railroad bridges), wharves, and other structures composed in whole or in part of lum- ber, and of all lumber, nails, and hardware for building purposes; and of the hire and commutation of quarters for officers, the hire of quar- ters for troops, the hire of grounds for cantonments, or other military Eurposes, ana the repair and care of all buildings and other structures erein mentioned, and of all grounds owned, hired, or occupied for military purposes, except such as are lawfully under the charge of other bureaus of the War Department; and of extra pay to soldiers employed in erecting barracks, or other fatigue duty, under the acts of March second, eighteen hundred and nineteen, ana* August fourth, eighteen hundred and fifty-four. The seventh division shall have charge of the purchase, procure- ment, issue, and disposition of all wagons, ambulances, travelling forges, and harness (except such as are furnished by the Ordnance Department), and of all hardware, except as hereinbefore provided, ana of all fuel for officers and enlisted men, camps, garrisons, hospitals, posts, storehouses, offices, public transports, steam rams, and army gunboats, and of all transportation by animal power in the field, at camps, garrisons, posts, depots, and stations, and of the construction and repair of roads other than railroads; and of the compensation of wagon and forage masters, and of clerks to officers of the Quarter- master's Department; and of the purchase of heating and cooking 214 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. stoves; and of the expenses of courts-martial, military commissions, and courts of inquiry; and of mileage and allowances to officers for the transportation of themselves and their baggage when travelling upon duty without troops, escorts, or supplies, and of supplies for prisoners of war and such refugees as the Secretary of War may direct to be temporarily provided for; and of the purchase of stationery, blanks, and blank books for the Quartermaster's Department; and of the printing of the division and department orders and reports; and of the proper and authorized expenses for the movements and operations of an army not expressly assigned to any other division or department. The eighth division shall have charge of all inspections of the Quar- termaster's Department, and of all reports made by officers assigned to inspection duty, analyzing and preserving the reports as received, and communicating through the Quartermaster-General to the chiefs of the proper divisions such portions of these reports as may be neces- sary for their information and use: Provided, That the officers assigned to inspection duty shall have power not only to report and to point out any errors or abuses which they may discover in the practical operations of the Quartermaster's Department, but to give, by order of the Quartermaster-General, the orders which may be immediately necessary to correct and prevent a continuance of such abuse or errors: Provided further, That all such orders shall be immediately reported to the chief of the inspection division for the approval or otherwise of the Quartermaster-General. The ninth division shall have charge of all correspondence, returns, reports, and records received, filed, and preserved in the office of the Quartermaster-General, and of the transmission thereof to the several other divisions of this office, and departments of the Government. Sec. 2. That the heads of the several divisions above mentioned shall, under the direction of the Quartermaster-General, from time to time, advertise for proposals for the supplies necessary for the move- ments and operations of the several armies, posts, detachments, garri- sons, hospitals, and for other military purposes, in newspapers having general circulation in those parts of the country where such supplies can be most advantageously furnished, having regard also to the places where such supplies are to be delivered and used; and all such sup- plies, so purchased and contracted for, shall be subject to careful inspection, and all clothing and camp and garrison equipage shall be subject to a double inspection, first, as to the quality of the material, and, second, as to the kind and character of the workmanship, which inspection shall in all cases be performed by a competent inspector, with suitable assistants, who shall have had ample experience in the inspection of cloth, clothing, knapsacks, camp and garrison equipage; and all payments for supplies so purchased shall be made under the direction of the officers in charge of the several divisions above men- tioned., upon receipts or certificates from the officers inspecting and receiving such supplies, prepared in such form and attested in such manner as may be prescribed by the Quartermaster-General. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General to establish depots, from time to time, at places convenient to the prin- cipal armies in the field, for receiving and distributing the supplies necessary for such armies, and for the detachments, posts, and hos- pitals most accessible to such depots; and the business of inspecting, weighing, measuring, and receiving supplies for such armies, detach- THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 215 meats, posts, and hospitals, and of giving receipts or certificates there- for to the persons furnishing such supplies, shall be carried on as far as practicable at such depots; but the Quartermaster-General, or the heads of the several divisions above mentioned, may cause such supplies to be sent from the place of purchase directly to the quartermasters of the commands for whose use they are procured, in any cases where it may be more economical or advantageous so to do; and in cases where horses, mules, clothing, or camp and garrison equipage may be so sent, suitable and competent inspectors shall be sent to examine the same before they shall be issued and receipted for. Sec. 4. That when an emergency shall exist requiring the immedi- ate procurement of supplies for the necessary movements and opera- tions of an army or detachment, and when such supplies can not be procured from any established depot of the Quartermaster's Depart ment, or from the head of the division charged with the duty of fur- nishing such supplies, within the required time, then it shall be lawful for the commanding officer of such army or detachment to order the chief quartermaster of such army or detachment to procure such sup- plies during the continuance of such emergency, but no longer, in the most expeditious manner, and without advertisement; and it shall be the duty of such quartermaster to obey such order; and his accounts of the disbursement of moneys for such supplies shall be accompanied by the order of the commanding officer as aforesaid, or a certified copy of the same, and also by a statement of the particular facts and circumstances, with their dates, constituting such emergency. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster- General, imme- diately after the passage of this act, and at least once in every month thereafter, to require from the principal quartermasters of the several military departments and depots approximate statements of the aggre- gate amounts of supplies on hand, and estimates of the additional amounts required for the service for the ensuing month, stating at what places such supplies will be required, and what amounts are legally contracted for but not yet delivered. And it shall be the duty of the heads of the several divisions above mentioned to cause to be made purchases or contracts for the supplies which the Quartermaster- General may estimate to be necessary in accordance with law, and all quartermasters shall forthwith report to the Quartermaster-General, to be referred to the heads of the several divisions above mentioned, all contracts not yet fulfilled which they may have executed on behalf of the United States, and all proposals which they may have received in answer to advertisements for future supplies, and shall hereafter regularly report to the Quartermaster-General copies of all contracts made and all proposals received for supplies of any kind to be fur- nished. And if any quartermaster shall neglect or refuse, for the space of one month, to report to the Quartermaster-General any such contract or proposal, sucn neglect or refusal shall be deemed prima facie evidence of fraud, and the pay of such quartermaster shall be stopped until he shall have made a satisfactory explanation to the Secre- tary of War of such neglect or refusal. Sec. f>. That all inspectors of horses, mules, clothing, fuel, forage, lumber, hired transports, and other supplies of the Quartermaster's Department shall be sworn (or affirmed) to perform their duties in a faithful and impartial manner, and shall for any corruption, wilful neglect, or fraud in the performance of their duties be liable to pun- 216 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ishment by fine and imprisonment, by sentence of court-martial or military commission; and if any contractor or person furnishing such supplies or transportation shall give or offer to give to any inspector of such supplies or transportation, or to any other person for his use, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable consideration, such person giving or offering to give such money or other valuable con- sideration shall forfeit to the United States the full amount of his contract or contracts with the United States, and the name and offence of such person shall be published in general orders, and also in one newspaper of general circulation nearest to his place of residence. Sec. 7. That the provisions of the sixteenth section of the act entitled "An act to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and for other purposes," approved July seventeen, eight- een hundred and sixty -two, shall apply to all persons engaged in executing the contracts therein referred to, whether as agents of such contractors or as claiming to be assignees thereof, or otherwise, and to all inspectors employed by the United States for the inspection of subsistence, clothing, arms, ammunition, munitions of war, or other description of supplies for the Army or Navy of the United States: Provided, That any person arrested to answer charges for a violation of the provisions of this act, or of the act to which it is in addition, shall be admitted to bail for his appearance to answer the charges made against him before any court-martial constituted to try him, in such sums and with such sureties as shall be designated and approved by the judge of the district court of the district in which the arrest is made or the offence is charged to have been committed, or any com- missioner appointed by such court. Sec. 8. That if any contractor or person furnishing supplies or transportation shall give, or offer to give, or cause to be given, to any officer or employee of the Quartermaster's Department having charge of the receipt or disposition of the supplies or transportation furnished by him, or in any way connected therewith, any money or other valu- able consideration, directly or indirectly, all contracts and charters with such person shall, at the option of the Secretary of War, be null and void; and if any officer or employee of the Quartermaster's Department shall knowingly accept any such money or other valuable consideration from such person, he shall be deemed guilty of mal- feasance, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment, or both, as a court-martial or military commission may direct. Sec. 9. That whenever it shall become necessary to purchase any steam or sailing vessel for the use of the Quartermaster's Department, the same shall be first inspected by one or more competent naval officers detailed in accordance with the provisions of the "act author- izing the detail of naval officers for the service of the War Depart- ment," approved February twelve, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and all steam vessels shall be inspected by an officer skilled in the con- struction and operation of steam machinery, in addition to the other usual inspection of such vessels: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to steamboats or other vessels in military serv- ice on the western rivers; but such river steamboats or vessels shall be so inspected by competent builders, to be designated for that purpose. Sec. 10. That the officers placed in charge of the several divisions provided for by the first section of this act shall, during the time they remain in such charge, each have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 217 colonel in the Quartermasters Department: Provided, That the Quar- termaster-General may, with the approval of the Secretary of War, from time to time, and according to the necessities of the public service, change the distribution of duties among them; and all such changes shall be forthwith published in general orders of the War Department. Sec. 11. That during the continuance of the present rebellion the Secretary of War may assign to duty, as inspectors of the Quarter- master's Department, six officers, to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of that staff corps, who have served not less than one year, who shall have, while so assigned and acting, the temporary rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment; and also, when in his judgment it is necessary, may assign to each army in the field, consisting of more than one army corps, and to each military department, and to each principal depot, not exceeding ten in number at any one time, of the Quartermaster's Department, an officer to act as chief or senior quartermaster of said army, military department, or depot, who shall have while so assigned the temporary rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment; and also to assign to each division of two or more brigades a quartermaster, as division quartermaster, who, while so assigned and acting, shall have the temporary rank-pay, and emoluments of a major of the Quartermaster's Department: Provided, That when any of said officers is relieved from such duty, his temporary rank, pay, and emoluments shall cease, and he shall return to his lineal rank in the department: And provided further, That when within the limits of any military department there shall be not more than one army corps, then the chief quartermaster of the army corps shall perform also the duties of the department quartermaster. Sec. 12. That at least two-thirds of all officers of each grade or assigned rank provided for under the provisions of this act shall be selected from among quartermasters of the volunteer service. * * * March 3, 1865 (13-507) . Fuel may l>e issued to destitute refugees and freedmen. Resolution of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 571). A RESOLUTION to authorize and direct an inventory of articles in the quarter- masters' depots of the United States and in the jx>ssession of the naval storekeepers of the United States. That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, directed to cause a strict inspection to be made of the Quartermaster's Department as soon as practicable after the passage of this resolution, and a com- parison be made between the reports of the officers in charge of the quartermasters' depots at New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Saint Louis, and Louisville, and the articles on hand. Act of My 13, 1866 (U Stats., 90). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. * * Si.c 4. That the Quartermaster's Department shall in all cases, in obtaining supplies for the military service, state in advertisements for bids for contracts that a preference shall be given to articles of 218 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. domestic production and manufacture, conditions of price and quality being equal, and that such preference shall be given to articles of American production and manufacture produced on the Pacific coast to the extent of the consumption required by the public service there; and in advertising for army supplies the Quartermaster's Department shall require all articles which are to be used in the States and Terri- tories of the Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected at points desig- nated in those States and Territories, and the advertisements for such supplies shall be published in newspapers of the cities of San Francisco, in California, and Portland, in Oregon. * * * July 14, 1866 {14-864)- Condemned clothing and surplus camp and garrison equipage may be issued to families rendered homeless and destitute by recent fire in Portland, Me. Surplus bedding and hospital furniture may be issued (same as above) . July 16, 1866 (14-178). Transportation may be furnished destitute refugees and freedmen. July 28, 1866 (14-310). This act makes an appropriation for the establishment of national cemeteries and the purchase of sites for the same. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 7. . . . and the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint for each national cemetery now established, or that may be established, a superintendent, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of an ordnance sergeant, to be selected from among the noncommissioned officers of the .Regular Army and volunteer forces who have received certificates of merit for services during the war. * * * Sec. 13. That the Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; six assistant quartermasters- general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; ten deputy quartermasters-general, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; fifteen quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry, and forty-four assistant quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of cap- tains of cavalry; and the vacancies hereby created in the grade of assistant quartermaster shall be filled by selection from among the persons who have rendered meritorious services as assistant quarter- masters of volunteers during two years of the war; but after the first appointments made under the provisions of this section, as vacancies may occur in the grades of major and captain in this department, no appointments to fill the same shall be made until the number of majors shall be reduced to twelve and the number of captains to thirty, and thereafter the number of officers in each of said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers. Sec. 14. That the number of military storekeepers in the Quarter- master's Department shall hereafter be as many as shall be required, not exceeding sixteen, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of infantry. Sec. 15. That the provisions of the act for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Department, approved July fourth, eighteen THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. '219 hundred and sixty-four, shall continue in force until the first day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and no longer. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . quartermaster-general . . . shall hereafter be appointed by the selection from the corps to which they belong, and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by this act in the . . . quartermaster's departments until he shall have passed the examination now required by law. * * * July 28, 1866 (14-842). Transportation to be furnished to discharged soldiers to whom artificial limbs are furnished by the Government. Act of February 22, 1867 (U Stats., 399). AN ACT to establish and protect national cemeteries. That in the arrangements of the national cemeteries, established for the burial of deceased soldiers and sailors, the Secretary of War is hereby directed to have the same enclosed with a good and substantial stone or iron fence; and to cause each grave to be marked with a small headstone or block, with the number of grave inscribed thereon, cor- responding with the number opposite to the name of the party, in a register of burials to be kept at each cemetery and at the office of the Quartermaster-General, which shall set forth the name, rank, com- pany, regiment, and date of death of the officer or soldier; or, if unknown, it shall be so recorded. * * * Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 422). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. That (excepting the ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at the Springfield Armory, who has the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry) all storekeepers of the Army shall hereafter have the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry. . . . * * * March 2-2, 1867 (15-1) . One complete suit of clothing to be issued to each invalid soldier in any of the Soldiers' Homes. By the act of January 23, 1873 (17-417), this benefit was extended so as to give a suit of clothes or its equivalent in clothing to each man w ho has been or was in a national asylum. March ..'/, 1887 (15-21). Barracks, buildings, etc., at Camp Chase, Ohio, to be turned over to board of managers of the national asylum; surplus clothing and "inartermaster stores may be sold to said board at first prices. March 18, 1888 (15-250). Gratuitous issues of clothing, on the recommendation of the Surj_'eon-< leneral, may be made to soldiers who have had contagious diseases and t<. hospital attendants who have nursed them. Act of March 3, 1869 {15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending .(une thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed t>\ law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Quartermaster's Department. . . . 220 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. February 15, 1870 {16-65). Necessary supplies and condemned clothing may be furnished the poor and destitute of the District of Columbia. July 11, 1870 {16-229). No purchase of coal or wood to be made except on condi- tion that the same shall, before delivery, be inspected, weighed, or measured by an agent of the bureau for which purchase is made. July 14, 1870 {16-390). When transferred to the General Government, the Gettys- burg and Antietam cemeteries to be cared for and maintained as national cemeteries. Act of July 15, 1870 (16 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 24. Provided, That fuel, quarters, and forage in kind may be furnished to officers by the Quartermaster's Department, as now allowed by law and regulations. . . . * * * April 20, 1871 {17-5). Condemned clothing and bedding, not exceeding $5,000 in value, may be furnished to the National Freedmen's Relief Association. Act of May 18, 1872 (17 Stats., 122). AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-two, and for former years, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That hereafter barracks and quarters, and all buildings and structures whatever of a permanent nature, shall be con- structed upon special authority, to be given by act of Congress, except when constructed by the troops; and no such structures whose cost shall exceed twenty thousand dollars shall be erected or continued in erection unless by such authority so specially granted. * * * . . . Provided, That there shall be no claim upon the United States for the use of any patent for the manner of or material for doing the same. [Preservation of clothing and camp equipage.] Act of May 18, 1872 (17 Stats., 135). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to establish and to protect national ceme- teries," approved February twenty-second, eighteen hundred and sixty -seven. That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to select the super- intendents of the national cemeteries from meritorious and trustworthy soldiers, either commissioned officers or enlisted men of the Volunteer or Regular. Army, who have been honorably mustered out or dis- charged from the service of the United States and who may have been disabled for active field service in the line of duty. Sec. 2. That the superintendents of the national cemeteries shall receive for their compensation from sixty dollars to seventy -five dol- lars per month, according to the extent and importance of the ceme- teries to which they may be respectively assigned, to be determined by the Secretary of War; and they shall also be furnished with quar- ters and fuel, as now provided at the several cemeteries. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 221 Act of June 3, 1872 (17 Stats., 214). AN ACT to authorize the appointment of certain officers in the Quartermaster's Department. That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate to appoint, certain officers of the Quartermaster's Department to the grade they would have held in said Department, respectively, had the vacancies created therein by the act of July twent3^-e:ghth, eighteen hundred and sixty- six, from the rank of major to the rank of colonel, both inclusive, been filled b} r promotion by seniority: Provided, That no officer shall be deprived of his relative rank or reduced from his present grade by this act and that the officers whose appointments are herein authorized shall take rank and receive pay only from the date of their confirmation. Act of June 8, 1872 (17 Stats., 338). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act to provide for furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers," approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy. * * * Sec. 2. That the transportation allowed for having artificial limbs fitted shall be furnished by the Quartermaster-General of the Army, the cost of which shall be refunded from the appropriations for invalid pensions. * * * June 8, 1872 {17-345). Name of soldier and name of State, when the same are known, to be inscribed on each headstone. Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 543). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four. * * * . . . Provided, That when the new uniform is distributed to the troops, the clothing of the old style no longer to bo issued, incapable of alteration, shall be sold by the Secretary of War at public auction after due public notice by advertisement; and the gross proceeds of such sales shall be covered into the Treasury. Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 602). AN ACT to provide for the care and preservation of the cemetery near the City of Mexico, purchased in accordance with the act of September twenty -eighth, eighteen hundred and fifty. That the President of the United States is authorized to provide out of the ordinary annual appropriations for establishing and maintaining United States military cemeteries, for the proper care and preserva- tion and maintenance of the cemetery or burial ground near the City of Mexico, in which are interred the remains of officers and soldiers of the United States, and of citizens of the United States, wfio fell in battle or died in and around said city; and that this cemetery shall be 222 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. subject to the rules and regulations affecting United States national military cemeteries within the limits of the United States, so far as they may, in the opinion of the President, be applicable thereto. April 23, 1874 (18-34) Temporary issue of disused army clothing may be made for the relief of the sufferers by the overflow of the Lower Mississippi River. [By the act of May 13, 1874 (18-46) the authority given was to expire September 1, 1874.] May 28, 1874 (18-287). Obsolete clothing to be issued to destitute people on the Tombigbee, Warrior, and Alabama rivers. Act of June 16, 187 J^. (18 Stats., 70). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and for other purposes. * * * . Provided, That none of the money hereby appropriated shall be used in the purchase of hats, uniform caps, forage caps, uniform coats, uniform jackets, flannel sack coats, and unlined coats, which articles the Quartermaster's Department shall issue from the supply now on hand, known as the old pattern; and none of the arti- cles above enumerated shall be purchased until those now on hand are exhausted. * * * February 10, 1875 (18-314)- Issues of disused army clothing may be made, to pre- vent suffering and extreme want, to all persons on the western frontier rendered des- titute by ravages of grasshoppers during the summer last past. This act to expire September 1, 1875. June 18, 1874 (18-83). Ten thousand complete suits of clothing to be reserved from surplus stock and sold to National Homes for Disabled Volunteers. Act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 338). AN ACT in relation to the Quartermaster's Department, fixing its status, reducing its numbers, and regulating appointments and promotions therein. That the Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of the Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of a brigadier-general; four assistant quartermasters-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; eight dep- uty quartermasters-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; fourteen quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; and thirty assistant quar- termasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry. Sec. 2. That no more appointments shall be made in the grade of military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Department, and this grade shall cease to exist as soon as the same becomes vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise of the present incumbents. Sec. 3. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or deprived of his commission by reason of any provision of this act. Sec. 4. That no officer shall be promoted or appointed in the Quar- termaster's Department in excess of the organization prescribed by this act, and that so much of section six of the act approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, entitled "An act making appro- priations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thir- tieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," as applied to the Quartermaster's Department, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. THE QUARTEKMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 223 Act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 452). AX ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for other purposes. * * * .' . . Provided, That no part of this sum shall be paid for the use of any patent process for the preservation of cloth from moth or mildew. * * * August 15, 1876 {19-203). Necessary transportation to have artificial limbs fitted, to be furnished by the Quartermaster-General. January 26, 1877 (19-409). Two hundred blankets to be issued to Reform School in District of Columbia. REVISED STATUTES 2nd edition 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * A QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. * * * Sec. 1132. The Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall con- sist of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank of brigadier-general; six assistant quartermasters-general, with the rank of colonel of cav- alry; ten deputy quartermasters-general, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel of cavalry; twelve quartermasters, with the rank of major of cavalry; thirty assistant quartermasters, with the rank of captain of cavalry; and such number of military storekeepers, not exceeding sixteen, as may be required, with the rank of captain of cavalry. Nothing herein shall deprive of his office any person now holding the office of quartermaster with the rank of major. All appointments in the Quartermaster's Department shall be made from the Army. ' Dur- ing the absence of the Quartermaster-General, . . . the Presi- dent is authorized to empower some officer of the Department . . . to perform the duties of Quartermaster-General, . . . during such absence. Sec. 1133. It shall be the duty of the officers of the Quartermaster's Department, under.the direction of the Secretary of War, to purchase ana distribute to the Army all military stores and supplies, and to provide for and pay all incidental expenses of the military service which other corps are not directed to provide for and pay. Sec. 1134. Assistant quartermasters shall do duty as assistant com- missaries of subsistence when so ordered by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1135. The officers of the Quartermaster's Department shall upon the requisition of the naval or marine officer commanding any detachment of seamen or marines under orders to act on shore, in cooperation with land troops, and during the time such detachment is so acting or proceeding to act, furnish the officers and seamen with camp equipage, together with transportation for said officers, seamen, and marines, their baggage, provisions, and cannon, and shall furnish the naval officer commanding any such detachment, and his necessary aids, with horses, acoouterraents, and forage. Sec. 1136. Permanent barracks or quarters shall not be constructed 224 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. unless detailed estimates shall have been previously submitted to Con- gress and approved by a special appropriation for the same, except when constructed by the troops; and no such structures, the cost of which shall exceed twenty thousand dollars, shall be erected unless by special authority of Congress. It shall be the duty of all officers of the United States having any of the title papers (property purchased or about to be purchased for erection of public buildings) in their posses- sion to furnish them forthwith to the Attorney-General. No public money shall be expended until the written opinion of the Attorney- General shall be had. Sec. 1137. The Quartermaster-General may employ as many forage masters and wagon masters, not exceeding twenty in the whole, as he may deem necessary for the service, who shall be entitled to receive each fifty dollars per month and three rations per day and forage for one horse. No forage master or wagon master shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in any means of transport employed by the United States, or in the purchase or sale of any property procured for or belonging to the United States, except as agent for the United States. Sec. 1138. No officer belonging to the Quartermaster's Department, or doing the duty of a quartermaster or assistant quartermaster, shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale of any arti- cle intended for or appertaining to said department of service, except on account of the United States; nor shall any such officer take or apply to his own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or trans- acting any business connected with the duties of his office other than that which may be allowed by law. Sec. 1139. The Quartermaster-General, under the direction of the Secretary of War, shall prescribe and enforce a system of accounta- bility for all quartermaster's supplies to the Army or to officers, sea- men, and marines. And he shall account to the Secretary of War at least once in three months for all property and money that may pass through his hands or the hands of his subordinate officers. # # . # Sec. 1191. All officers of the Quartermaster's . . . depart- ments, . . . and all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faith- fully to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sum so pre- scribed. But the Quartermaster-General shall not be liable for any money or property that may come into the hands of the subordinate officers of nis department. .'. * * . * Sec. 1193. The . . . Quartermaster-General, . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . Quartermaster's . . . departments. * * * Sec. 1221. Every officer who receives clothing or camp equipage for the use of his command or for issue to the troops shall render to the Quartermaster-General at the expiration of each regular quarter of THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 225 the year quarterly returns of such supplies, according to the forms which may be prescribed, accompanied by the requisite vouchers for any issues which shall have been made. Said returns and vouchers, after due examination by the Quartermaster-General, shall be trans- mitted for settlement to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department. * * * Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1296. The President may prescribe the uniform of the Army and quality and kind of clothing which shall be issued annually to the troops of the United States. Sec. 1297. No allowance of clothing shall be made to sergeants of ordnance. Sec. 1298. The Secretary of War may . . . order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed them, to replace any articles of their clothing destroyed by order. . . . * * * Sec. 1437. Authorizes the President to detail, temporarily, three competent naval officers for the service of the War Department in the inspection of transport vessels, etc. * * * Sec. 1647. . . . Each brigade [of militia called into service] . . . shall have . . . one assistant quartermaster, . . . * * * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War, . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Department for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury, . . . * * * Sec. 3716. The Quartermaster's Department of the Army, in obtain- ing supplies for the military service, shall state in all advertisements for bids for contracts that a preference shall be given to articles of American production and manufacture produced on the Pacific coast to the extent of the consumption required by the public service there. In advertising for army supplies the Quartermaster's Department shall require all articles which are to be used in the States and Territories of the Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected at points designated in those States and Territories; and the advertisements for such supplies shall be published in newspapers of the cities of San Francisco, in California, and Portland, in Oregon. * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an S. Doc. 229 15 226 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments, for clothing, . . . forage, fuel, quarters, or trans- portation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the cur- rent year. * * * Sec. 4791. The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to fur- nish [to men entitled to artificial limbs] transportation to and from their homes and the place where they may be required to go to obtain arti- ficial limbs provided for them under authority of law. The transpor- tation allowed for having artificial limbs fitted shall be furnished by the Quartermaster-General of the Army, the cost of which shall be refunded from the appropriations for invalid pensions. * * * Sec. 4874. The superintendent of the national cemeteries shall be selected from meritorious and trustworthy soldiers, either commis- sioned officers or enlisted men of the Volunteer or Regular Army, who have been honorably mustered out or discharged from the service of the United States, and who may have been disabled for active field service in the line of duty. Sec. 4875. The superintendent of the national cemeteries shall receive for their compensation from sixty dollars to seventy-five dol- lars a month each, according to the extent and importance of the ceme- teries to which they may be respectively assigned, to be determined by the Secretary of War; and they shall also be furnished with quar- ters and fuel at the several cemeteries. * * * Sec. 4877. In the arrangement of the national cemeteries established for the burial of deceased soldiers . . . the Secretary of War is hereby directed to have the same inclosed with a good and substantial stone or iron fence; and to cause each grave to be marked with a small headstone or block, which shall be of durable stone and of such design and weight as shall keep it in place when set, and shall bear the name of the soldier and the name of his State inscribed thereon, when the same are known, and also with the number of the grave inscribed thereon, corresponding with the number opposite to the name of the party in a register of burials to be kept at each cemetery and at the office of the Quartermaster-General, wnich shall set forth the name, rank, company, regiment, and date of death of the officer or soldier; or if these are unknown, it shall be so recorded. * * * Sec. 4879. The President is authorized to provide, out of the ordi- nary annual appropriations for establishing and maintaining United States military cemeteries, for the proper care and preservation and maintenance of the cemetery or burial ground near the City of Mexico in which are interred the remains of officers and soldiers of the United States who fell in battle or died in and around said city. Sec. 4880. The cemetery in Mexico shall be subject to the rules and regulations affecting United States national military cemeteries within the limits of the United States, so far as they may, in the opinion of the President, be applicable thereto. THE QUAETERM ASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 227 STATUTES AT LARGE. Februarys, 1879 {20-281). Authorizes erection of headstones over the graves of soldiers buried in private, village, or city cemeteries in same manner as provided for soldiers interred in national cemeteries. Act of March 3, 1881 (21 Stats., pS). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, and for other purposes. * * * For the purchase of a suitable site in the city of Washington for the erection of a brick and metal fireproof building to bo used and occu- pied by the Pension Bureau, the building to be erected in accordance with plans approved bj r the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Interior, under the supervision of the Quartermaster-General of the United States Army, 1 the site for which shall be selected by him, subject to the approval of the Secretaries aforesaid, both as to location and price, . . . [All the old clothing now held for issue to the National Home to be turned over to the managers of the Home.] * * * March 11, 1882 {22-378). Provides for transportation of rations, etc., to sufferers from overflow of the Mississippi River. Hospital tents may be used to furnish them temporary shelter. Act of June 30, 1882 (22 Stats., 117). A N ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes. * * * Provided, That there shall be no discrimination in the issue of forage against officers serving east of the Mississippi River, provided they are required by law to be mounted and actually keep and own their animals. Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 466). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. I'ATf DEPARTMENT. For pay of tfte Army, . . . : Provided, . . . , and hero- after vacancies occurring in the Quartermasters' . . . depart- ments of the Army may in the discretion of the President be filled from civil life. 'The act of August 7, 1882 (22-302) reappropriated the sum appropriated in this act, and placed the construction <>f the building under the supervision of Gen. Mont- gomery C. Meigs, late Quartermaster-General, retired. 228 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 564). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of the . . . Quartermaster-General, . . . * * * February 12, 1884 (23-267) . Clothing and other necessaries maybe issued to desti- tute persons in the district overflowed by the Ohio River and its tributaries, and tents used to furnish them temporary shelter. Additional appropriation for this purpose was made by resolution of February 15, 1884 (23-268). March 27, 1884 (23-269). Not exceeding $125,000 of the appropriation for the Ohio sufferers may be used for the relief of destitute persons in the district overflowed by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Resolution of June 7, 1884 (23-273) allows, the same purpose, the unexpended appropriation for the relief of the Ohio sufferers. Act of July 5, 1884 (23 Stats., 107). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. QUARTERMASTER 8 DEPARTMENT. . . . Provided, That hereafter all purchases of regular and mis- cellaneous supplies for the Army furnished by the Quartermaster's Department . . . for immediate use shall be made by the officers of such Department, under direction of the Secretary of War, at the places nearest the points where they are needed, the conditions of cost and quality being equal: Provided also, That all purchases of said supplies, except in cases of emergency, which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his approval, shall be made by contract after public notice of not less than ten days for small amounts for immediate use, and of not less than from thirty to sixty da} r s when- ever, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, the circumstances of the case and conditions of the service shall warrant such extension of time. The award in every case shall be made to the lowest responsible bidder for the best and most suitable article, the right being reserved to reject any and all bids. The Quartermaster-General . . . shall report promptly all purchases of supplies made by his Department, with their cost price and place of delivery, to the Secretary of War for transmission to Congress annually: Provided further, That in time of peace the number of draught and pack animals in the Quartermas- ter's Department of the Army shall not exceed six thousand, and that all transportation of stores by private parties for the Army shall be done by contract, after due legal advertisement, except in cases of emergency, which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his approval; that the Secretary of War is authorized to appoint, on the recommendation of the Quartermaster-General, as many post quartermaster-sergeants, not to exceed eighty, as he may deem neces- sary for the interests of the service, said sergeants to be selected by examination from the most competent enlisted men of the Army THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 229 who have served at least four years, and whose character and educa- tion shall tit them to take charge of public property and to act as clerks and assistants to post and other quartermasters. Said post quartermaster-sergeants shall, so far as practicable, perform the duties of storekeepers and clerks, in lieu of citizen employees. The post quartermaster-sergeants shall be subject to the rules and articles of war and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants. . . . Provided, That the number of horses purchased under this appropriation, added to the number actually on hand, shall not at any time exceed the number of enlisted and Indian scouts in the mounted service: And provided further, That hereafter all purchases of horses under appropriations for horses for the cavalry and artillery and for the Indian scouts shall be made by contract, after legal adver- tisement, by the Quartermaster's Department, under instructions of the Secretary of War, the horses to be inspected under the orders of the General Commanding the Army, and no horse shall be received and paid for until duly inspected. The Quartermaster-General shall report to the Secretary of War promptly, for transmission to Congress annually, all purchases and contracts for horses, mules, and military supplies for the Army made by his Department. * * * . . . Provided, That no expenditure exceeding five hundred dollars shall be made upon any building or military post without the approval of the Secretary of War for the same upon detailed estimates of the Quartermaster's Department, and the erection, construction, and repairs of all buildings and other public structures in the Quarter- master's Department shall, so far as may be practicable, be made by contract, after due legal advertisement. . . . * * * June 30, 1886 (24-93). No part of appropriation for barracks and quarters shall be paid for commutation of fuel, and for quarters to officers or enlisted men. February 9, 1887 (24-394) No expenditures exceeding $500 to be made on any building, etc., without approval of the Secretary of War. June 20, 1888 (25-623). Tents and tent equipage may be loaned to veteran organi- zations of the Society of the Army of the Potomac on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg. [J. R. , June 30, 1888 (25-625) , changes ' ' tent equipage in above to "camp equipage."] Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 481). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing Jane thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That hereafter no part of this appropriation shall be expended in the purchase for the Army of draught animals until the number on hand shall be reduced to five thousand, . . . * * * . . . but the cost of construction of quarters at any one post shall in do case exceed eight hundred dollars, except where a post is situated at a city of more than fifty thousand inhabitants, the cost of construc- tion of such quarters may be not to exceed twelve hundred dollars. * * March 31, 1890 (26-88). Authorizes purchase of 2,500 tents for the use of the peo- 1>I<- in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi driven from their homes by floods. 230 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. June 13, 1890 (26-163) . The artillery detachment at West Point to be mustered out and the men immediately reenlisted as army service men in the Quartermaster's Department. February 24, 1891 (26-770). Transportation furnished by the Quartermaster's Department to officers traveling without troops shall be limited to transportation in kind, not including sleeping or parlor car accommodations, over free roads, over bond-aided Pacific railroads, and by conveyance belonging to that Department. July 16, 1892 (27-174)- Sergeants of ordnance to receive the same allowance of clothing as other sergeants in like staff departments. July 27, 1892 (27-276) .Specimens of equipments, uniforms, etc., used in battle of Gettysburg to be delivered to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Post exchanges may use public buildings or-public transportation when, in the opinion of the Quartermaster-General, not required for other purposes. Act of March 29, 189 b (28 Stats., 4-7). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, the Quartermaster-General . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debit- ing on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public property, arising from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property intrusted to him. & & & July 26, 1894 (28-151). Number of men in the detachment of army service men at the Military Academy may be raised to 150 if deemed by the Secretary of War to be required. Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. . . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Quartermaster's . . . Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. * * * . . . Provided further, . . . That purchases may be made in open market in the manner common among business men when the aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of War. * * * January 16, 1895 (28-627). Strength of detachment of army service men at the Military Academy, together with the cavalry detachment, not to exceed 215 men. March 2, 1895 (28-764) . Abolishes section 229, Revised Statutues, requiring annual statement of contracts for supplies or service. March 24, 1897 (30-216) . Authorizes purchase of 1,000 tents for the relief of suf- ferers from the flood in the Mississippi River. May 27, 1897 (30-220). Authorizes purchase of clothing for the relief of destitute citizens of the United States in Cuba. July 19, 1897 (80-224). One thousand tents to be issued for use of Grand Army encampment at Fort Leavenworth. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 231 December 18, 1897 {30-226). Transportation to be furnished for stores, etc., for the relief of persons in the Yukon River Country. March 19, 1898 {30-737) . Tents may be loaned for use of the thirty-second national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Cincinnati. Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stat, 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one chief quartermaster, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the com- mander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief quartermas- ter, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . . The staff of the commander of a brigade shall consist of . . . one assistant quartermaster, . . . with the rank of captain. . . . * * * May 18, 1898 {30-417). Prescribes mode of issuing quartermaster stores for desti- tute inhabitants of Cuba. June 7, 1898 {30-433). Suspends, during existing war, certain provisions of law limiting number of horses and draft animals, etc. The act of March 3,1899(30-1350), limits suspension to March 1, 1900. Suspension continued to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900. (31 .) Act of July 1, 1898 (30 Stat., 571). AN ACT to authorize appointment of a military storekeeper in the Army. That the President is hereby authorized to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a military store- keeper in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army; and all laws inconsistent herewith are hereby suspended for the purpose of this act only. Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 714). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the Quartermaster's Department of the Army. That during the existing war and for a period not exceeding one year thereafter the Secretary of War may make such distribution of the duties and labors of the Quartermaster's Department as may be deemed for the best interests of the service, and may assign a suitable officer in charge of each of such divisions, and may assign to duty as special inspectors of the Quartermaster's Department not exceeding four officers to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of the department; and such officers and the quartermaster on the staff of the Commanding General of the Army while so acting shall have the rank next above that held by them and not above colonel. Sec. 2. That the President may nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, may appoint two quartermasters of volun- teers with the rank of colonel, two quartermasters of volunteers with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, three quartermasters of volunteers with the rank of major, and twenty assistant quartermasters of volunteers with the rank of captain, and the Secretary of War may assign an offi- cer of the Quartermaster's Department in charge of each principal 232 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. depot of the Quartermaster's Department, not exceeding twelve, to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of the Quartermaster's Department; and such officers while so acting shall have the rank next above that held by them and not above colonel, and the four principal assistants of the Quartermaster-General while so acting shall have the rank of colonel. The Secretary of War may assign such of the said volunteer quartermasters as may be deemed necessary to duty in the office of the Quartermaster-General at the various supply depots or on other important and special work, and may continue such assign- ments for a period not exceeding one year after the close of the war, then to be discharged. Act of July 8, 1898 (30 Stats., 728). AN ACT to increase the number of post quartermaster-sergeants in the United States Army. That the number of post quartermaster-sergeants of the Army be increased by the addition of twenty-five post quartermaster-sergeants, to be appointed by the Secretary of War in the manner now provided by law. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... a Quartermaster's Department, : Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service, in the office of storekeeper in the Quartermaster's Department . . , respectively, now provided for b} T law, said offices shall cease to exist. * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . Quartermaster's Department . . . shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided bj r law: . . . * * * Sec. 11. That so much of the act approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety -eight, as authorizes the assignment of certain offi- cers of the Quartermaster's . . . departments with increased rank, and the continuance in service of certain volunteer officers of those departments for a period of one year after the close of the present war, is repealed. * * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service, or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Thirty quartermasters with the rank of major, and forty assistant quartermasters with the rank of captain. * * * March SO, 1900 (31 ). Provision of section 355, Revised Statutes, waived so far as refer to erection of buildings at Fort Du Pont, Del., for the shelter of troops. March 3, 1899 (30-1350). Suspends until March 1, 1900, provisions of law limiting number of horses and draft animals; amount of printing; services of employees. Suspension extended to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900. (31 .) THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 233 Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. . That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States, . . . shall consist of ... a Quartermaster's Depart- ment: . . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of storekeeper, now provided for by law in the Quartermaster's Department . . . said office shall cease to exist. * * * Sec. 16. That the Quartermaster's Department shall consist of one Quartermaster-General with the rank of brigadier-general, six assist- ant quartermasters-general with the rank of colonel, nine deputy quartermasters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, twenty quartermasters with the rank of major, sixty quartermasters with the rank of captain, mounted; the military storekeeper now provided for by law, and one hundred and fifty post quartermaster-sergeants: Pro- vided, That all vacancies in the grade of colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major created or caused by this section shall be filled* by promo- tion according to seniority, as now prescribed by law. That to fill original vacancies in the grade of captain created by this act in the Quartermaster's Department the President is authorized to appoint officers of volunteers commissioned in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight: Provided further, That the President is authorized to continue in service, during the present emergency, for duty in the Philippine Islands and on transports, twenty -four captains and assistant quarter- masters of volunteers. This authority shall extend only for the period when their services shall be absolutely necessary. * * * Sec. 20. That the grade of veterinarian of the second class in cav- alry regiments, United States Army, is hereby abolished, and here- after the two veterinarians authorized for each cavalry regiment and the one veterinarian authorized for each artillery regiment shall receive the pay and allowances of second lieutenants, mounted. Such number of veterinarians as the Secretary of War may authorize shall be em- Sloyed to attend animals pertaining to the quartermaster's or other epartments not directly connected with the cavalry and artillery regi- ments, at a compensation not exceeding one hundred dollars per month. * * * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Quartermaster's Department, . . . including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of cap- tain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seven- teen, twenty -one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more per- 234 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. manent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall bold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). Impropriations for the support of the Army for ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- id t Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in the grade of captain in the Quartermaster's Department, . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty- first, eighteen hundred and ninety -eight. . . . VI THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 235 THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. The earliest legislation relative to the subsistence of the Army is found in the resolution of the Continental Congress dated June 16, 1775, creating the office of Commissary-General of Stores and Provi- sions. The range of duties of that office was so extensive that much dissatisfaction prevailed with respect to the administration of the affairs of the department, and Congress, June 10, 1777, instituted a new system, creating two great branches one under a Commissary - GeneraJ of Purchases and the other under a Commissary-General of Issues, the former, by resolution of June 11, "to keep his office in the place where Congress shall sit." The ordinance of June 17, 1777, regulating the Clothing Department, placed it in charge of a Clothier- General, and, April 10, 1782, this officer was directed to receive his instructions from the War Office. November 25, 1779, the two departments of purchase and issues, heretofore acting under the direction and control of a committee of Congress, were placed under tlif superintendence of the Board of War. July 10, 1781, Congress directed the Superintendent of Finance to procure on contract all necessary supplies for the Army, and under this resolution the commissariat system of subsisting the Army was discontinued and the methods of contracts for rations adopted in its stead. There was no further legislation on the subject of subsistence of the Army until after the reorganization of the Government under the Constitution. The act of March 8, 1792, again devolved upon the Treasury Depart- ment the duty of making all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with provisions, etc., and by the act of February 23, 1795, the Treasury official charged with that duty was denominated "purveyor of public supplies." This act was repealed by the law of July 16, 1798, which required all purchases and contracts for supplies to be made under the direction of the Secretary of War. The act of March 16, 1802, provided for three militarj' agents and assistants, whose duty was to purchase, receive, and forward to their proper destination all military supplies. But the military agency sys- tem proved to be unsatisfactory and was abolished by the act of March 28, 1812, which created anew the office of Commissary-General of Pur- chases. This office was abolished by act of August 23, 1842, and its duties transferred to the Quartermaster's Department. The act of April 14, 1818, first created the office of Commissary- General, the incumbent to be appointed as soon as the state of exist- ing contracts for the subsistence of the Army would permit. The new system did not, however, go into operation until June 1, 1819. 237 238 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions. July 19, 1775. Joseph Trumbull. Commissary-General of Pur climes. June 18, 1777. Joseph Trumbull. Aug. 5, 1777. William Buchanan. Apr. 9, 1778. Jeremiah Wadsworth. Dec. 2, 1779. Ephraim Blaine. Commissary-General of Issues. June 18, 1777. Charles Stewart. Clothier- General. Apr. 4, 1777. James Mease. June 24, 1779. Peter Wikoff. July 15, 1779. Persifor Frazer. July 24, 1779. James Wilkinson. Apr. 17, 1781. John Moylan. Commissary oj Hides. June 20, 1777. Peter Philips. Aug. 5, 1777. George Ewing. Jan. 28, 1779. John Mehelm (for New Jersey). Commissary of Purchases. Aug. 8, 1812. Callender Irvine. Oct. 11, 1841. J. W. Tyson. Commissary- General. Apr. 18, 1818. Col. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., May 30, 1848) George Gibson (Pennsylvania). Sept. 29, 1861. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Feb. 9, 1863) Joseph P. Taylor (Kentucky). June 29, 1864. Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865) Amos B. Eaton (New Hampshire). June 23, 1874. Brig. Gen. (Bvt, Maj. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865) Alexander E. Shiras (New Jersey). Apr. 14, 1875. Brig. Gen. Robert Macfeely (Pennsylvania). July 10, 1890. Brig. Gen. Beekman du Barry (District of Columbia). Dec. 22, 1892. Brig. Gen. John P. Hawkins (Indiana). Oct. 8, 1894. Brig. Gen. Michael R. Morgan (Louisiana) . Jan. 17, 1897. Brig. Gen. Thomas C. Sullivan (Ohio). Nov. 14, 1897. Brig. Gen. William H. Bell (Pennsylvania). Jan. 28, 1898. Brig. Gen. Samuel T. Cushing (Rhode Island). Apr. 21, 1898. Brig. Gen. William H. Nash (Ohio). May 3, 1898. Brig. Gen. Charles P. Eagan (Washington Territory). Dec. 6, 1900. Brig. Gen. John F. Weston (Kentucky). THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June 1, 1775. Upon motion, Resolved, That it be recommended to the government of Connecticut, or the general of the forces of that colony, to appoint commissaries to receive at Albany and forward the supplies of provi- sions for the forces on Lake Champlain from the provincial conven- tion of New York, and that the said convention use their utmost endeavors in facilitating and aiding the transportation thereof from thence to where the said commissaries may direct. June 16, 1775. Resolved, . . . That there be one Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions. That his pay be eighty dollars per month. July 17, 1775. Resolved, That a commissary of stores and provisions be appointed for the New York department during the present campaign. Walter Livingston, esq., chosen to that office. July 19, 1775. lu solved. That Joseph Trumbull be Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions for the Army of the United Colonies. July 29, 1775. /i'rsoltvd, That the pay of the . . . be . . . Deputy commissary-general of stores and provisions, sixty dollars per ditto [month]. * * Iusalrrd. That the . . . Commissary-General . . and , 1776. Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to devise ways and means for effectually providing the northern army with provisions. The members chosen, Mr. Rush, Mr. Hall, Mr. Chase, Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Stockton. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 247 September 25, 1776. Resolved, . . . That a committee of Congress, consisting of one delegate from each State, be appointed, with authority to employ proper persons to purchase, in their respective States, a sufficient num- ber of blankets and woolens tit for soldiers' clothes, and that they take the most effectual and speedy methods for getting such woolens made up and distributed among the regular Continental Army in such pro- portions as will best promote the public service, and that they also pur- chase all other necessary clothing for the soldiers in such proportion as they judge, upon the best information, will be wanted. . . . That Mr. J. Mease . . . use the utmost diligence in buying, collecting, and getting made immediately as many more of those arti- cles [white shirts, shoes, and stockings] as possible, making weekly returns to Congress of what he obtains. * * * Resolved, That the commissaries ... in the several depart- ments be directed to apply to Mr. Mease for such articles of clothing, camp equipage, and other utensils which they may want to purchase in the State of Pennsylvania for the use of the Army. Congress then proceeded to the appointment of the committee, when the following gentlemen were chosen, viz: Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Paine, Mr. Ellery, Mr. Williams, Mr. Floyd, Mr. Stockton, Mr. Ross, Mr. McKean, Mr. Paca, Mr. Wythe, Mr. Hewes, Mr. Middleton, and Mr. Hall. October 8, 1776. Resolved, That for the further encouragement of the noncommis- sioned officers and soldiers who shall engage in the service during the war a suit of clothes be annually given each of the said officers and soldiers, to consist, for the present year, of two linen hunting shirts, two pairs of overalls, a leathern or woolen waistcoat with sleeves, one pair of breeches, a hat or leathern hat, two shirts, two pairs of hose, and two pairs of shoes, amounting, in the whole, to the value of twenty dollars. . . . October 9, 1776. Resolved, . . . That a commissary of clothing be appointed for each of the armies of the United States, whose duty shall be to make constant returns to the assemblies or conventions of the respective States of the clothing wanted for their several regiments, to receive and pay for the same, to deliver it to the paymasters of the respective regiments. . . . That the Commissary-General be empowered to appoint as many conductors for the commissary of stores and assistants to the commis- sary of clothing as he shall, from time to time, judge necessary, and report their names to Congress. That there be a deputy commissary of stores for the Army at New York, with the pay of thirty dollars a month. October 10, 1776. /it solved* That three members be added to the committee of cloth- ing, in the room of (hose who sire absent. The members chosen, Mr. Witherspoon, Mr. Stone, and Mr. Penn. 248 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. October 11, 1776. Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint a deputy commissary of stores for the army near New York. October 16, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of clothing for the northern army; and, the ballots being taken, George Measam was elected. Resolved, That George Measam be allowed the pay and rations of a major in the Continental service. * * * Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint a commissary of clothing for the Army under his immediate com- mand. . . . October 17, 1776. Resolved, That a commissary be appointed to supply the battalion commanded by Colonel Mackay with provisions. The ballots being taken, Ephraim Blaine, esq., was elected. October 21, 1776. Resolved, That the deputy commissary-general in Virginia be directed to make contracts for the supply of the troops in that depart- ment, provided they can be made at a rate not exceeding eight pence, Virginia currency, a ration, the contractors to have the use of the public wagons on any motion or march of the Army from the place or places where stationed. That the commander in chief of each department be empowered, at the instance of the Commissary-General or his deputies, to employ as many persons under him or them at such salary or wages as he shall think adequate and as he may think the service from time to time requires. Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows, and that the deputy commissary of Virginia be informed thereof: To the deputy commissary -general, 6 rations; . . . that the deputy commissary-general of Virginia be allowed his reasonable travelling charges. . . . October 22, 1776. The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at Ports- mouth in the brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the following articles, viz: . . . 4 to 500 jackets, 100 knapsacks, 100 leggins, ... 2 bales of woolens, 1 bale of linens, . . . Whereupon, Resolved, That . . . 100 knapsacks, 100 leggins, ... be sent to the Northern Army, under General Schuyler and General Gates. That the jackets, if fit for soldiers, be sent to the Northern Army. . . . THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 249 That the two bales of woolens be made up into soldiers' clothes for the Northern Araiy. That the bale of linens, if fit for soldiers' shirts or other purposes for the Army, be made up and sent to the Northern Army. . . . November 4,, 1776. Resolved, That clothing be provided for the new Army by the Con- tinent and paid for by stoppages out of the soldier's wages at If dol- lars per month; that as much as possible of the cloth for this purpose be dyed brown and the distinctions of the regiments made in the facings. That a man who brings a good new blanket into the camp be allowed two dollars therefor, and take it away at the end of the campaign. Resolved, That in order to supply the Army with provisions the Commissary-General be directed to cause cattle and hogs to be driven, at proper seasons, to the camp, these to be slaughtered and cured, and as to the articles of bread and flour that he proceed in the way that he has done for some time past. November 19, 1776. Resolved, That the Commissary-General or his deputies make weekly returns of all rations issued or paid to the officers and privates of any regiment, troop, or company in the service of the States to the Adjutant- General or his deputies, to be by him inserted in the general returns of the Army and transmitted to Congress monthly. November 22, 1776. Resolved, That the commissaries in each department be directed to employ proper persons to take immediate charge of the hides and tal- low in their respective districts, that the former may be tanned into leather or, at least, so far cured as to prevent their being spoiled, and the latter rendered into kegs or casks, that there be no waste of those valuable articles, but that they may be stored for the use of the con- tinent and be subject to the orders of Congress, and that said commis- saries be strongly urged to pay due attention to this resolve, it being a matter of considerable importance. November 22, 1776. Messrs. Paca, of Maryland; Ross, of Pennsylvania, and Wither- spoon, of New Jersey, were constituted a committee to repair to General Washington's headquarters to confer with and assist him in improving the present state of the Army, which, owing to past and future disbandments, may be met by a largely superior force. November 26, 1776. L'.snlrxf. That Mr. Mease, the Continental commissary in the city of Philadelphia, be directed to go to the several shops and stores in the said city and purchase for the use of the Army of the United States such articles as are necessary for them at this and the approaching season of the year, and that he be empowered to employ as many per- sons as he shall judge necessary to assist him in this service. That the council of safety of Pennsylvania be requested, with all possible expedition, to cause application to be made to the housekeepers and others in the said State for as many blankets and woolen stockings 250 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. as each can spare for the use of the soldiers under the immediate com- mand of General Washington in New Jersey, and that they be deliv- ered as fast as collected to Mr. Mease, the Continental commissary. That it be recommended to the said council of safety to appoint per- sons to appraise the blankets and woolen stockings so collected, as aforesaid, that the value of them may be paid. November 27, 1776. A letter from Mr. Ross, Mr. Paca, and Mr. Witherspoon was read, informing that they have been appointed an assistant . . . com- missary, to provide for a number of sick and take care of stores sent to Princeton. Ordered, That the President inform them that Congress approves of the appointments. November 28, 1776. Resolved, That the Commissary-General be empowered to import such quantities of rice from the Southern States as he shall think necessary for the use of the Army. November 29, 1776. Congress ordered that a garden be kept on the grounds of hospitals on Mount Independence to supply vegetables for the Army. December 1, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to appoint one or more trusty person to proceed to the Eastern States, . . . and that the said person or persons have power to purchase, or cause to be purchased, such necessary clothing as can be procured in those States, ... * * * Resolved, . . . That Mr. J. Mease be directed to purchase all the hats and caps he can procure proper for soldiers, and to employ as great a number of taylors as possible in making up clothes for soldiers. ... December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, Congress ordered that the clothing in and near Philadelphia be put under control of General Putnam, who was charged with the defense of the city. December 21, 1776. Resolved, That proper magazines of provision.* for the Army be immediately formed in or near Philadelphia. . . . December 24, 1776. The magazines provided for by resolve of December 21 were to be magazines of provisions. The report, if any was made under this resolve, does not appear to be of record. December 26, 1776. Resolved, That J. Trumbull, esq. , be empowered to import, at the Continental risk, from Virginia and Maryland and the other Southern States, such quantities of flour and other provisions as he may judge necessary for the support of the Army. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 251 December 27, 1776. Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to appoint ... a clothier-general for supplying the Army, to fix their salaries, and return their names to Congress. December 28, 1776. Resolved, That in the opinion of Congress the Northern Army may be supplied more advantageous^ and conveniently in the present mode of the Commissary-General's governing himself by such regulations as have been and may be from time to time ordained by the General or Commander in Chief than by contractors. December 30, 1776. Resolved, That a letter be written to General Washington desiring him to order the clothier-general to send agents into each State to buy up linens and other clothing proper for the soldiery; . . . and that they be severally directed to apply to the States to afford all necessary assistance therein. . . . December 80, 1776. It appearing extremely difficult, if not impracticable, to sup- ply the Army with bacon, salt beef, pork, soap, tallow, and candles, Congress resolved: That none of the said articles, except such as may be necessary for the crew of any ship or vessel, be exported from any of the United States after the 5th of January, 1777, until the first day of November next, or until Congress shall take further action therein." December 31, 1776. Congress desired General Washington to order the clothier- general to send agents into each State to buy up linen and other clothing proper for soldiery. January 8, 1777. Resolved, . : . That Colonel Morgan appoint a proper person deputy commissary for providing and taking care of the provisions for the garrisons upon the western frontiers of Virginia and to take care of the provisions and other Continental stores laid up at those places, for Indian expeditions and other public purposes. January SO, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the salary of Mr. Commissary Aylett . . . be augmented to the sum of 75 dollars per month. . . . February 5, 1777. Rrsolrnf. Thai William Aylett, esq., deputy commissar} -general, be directed forthwith to purchase, with as much secrecy as possible, and lay up in proper magazines, convenient to water carriage, under the care and management of trusty storekeepers, a quantity of good mer- chantable indian corn, not exceeding 10,000 barrels. * * * AV.sy///vv/, That the commissioners at the ( Jourt of F ranee be directed to use their utmost endeavors to send, without delay, 80,000 blankets, 40,000 complete suits of clothes for soldiers, of green, blue, and brown 252 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF TJ. S. ARMY. colors, with suitable facings and cloth of the same colors, with trim- mings sufficient for 40,000 suits more, 100,000 pairs of stockings fit for soldiers, ... to such parts of the United States as the secret committee shall direct; . . . February 12, 1777. Resolved, That General Schuyler be empowered to make the most advantageous use of the salt springs mentioned in his letter of the 23d of January last; to employ proper persons, skilled in making salt, and to purchase boilers and other things necessary for the purpose. March 12, 1777. Resolved, That it be recommended to the legislatures, or, in their recess, to the executive powers of each of the United States, to cause assessments of blankets to be made, in order to furnish their several quotas of soldiers with an article so necessary to defend them from the inclemency of the weather and damp air in their encampments, and that all blankets to be obtained in this manner be valued to a just and reasonable price, and paid for by the States, respectively, to be repaid by the United States, and that the legislatures, or, in their recess, the executive power, do cause money to be put into the hands of a proper officer in every county, district, or township in order that such blankets may be paid for, without delay or trouble, to the householders on whom the assessments shall be made. March 31, 1777. Congress having received advice that the ship Mercury, of Nantz, is arrived at Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, with a cargo for the United States, consisting of ... 48 bales of woolens, 9 bales of hand- kerchiefs, thread, cottons, and printed linens, 2 cases of shoes, 1 box of buttons and buckles, 1 box of lawns, and one case of needles and silk neckcloths, * * * Ordered, That the secret committee deliver . . . the remainder of the cargo [as above] to the clothier-general or his order. April 1, 1777. Resolved, That Ephraim Blaine, esq. , be appointed commissary for supplying with provisions the troops now in the county of Cumber- land, in Pennsylvania, and such as may hereafter march through that county, as well as the artificers and troops who shall be employed in the magazine and laboratory to be erected at Carlisle. April 1>, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the issuing commissaries be obliged to deliver monthly to the Commissary-General of Musters an abstract of the rations drawn or retained by the several regiments. April 4, 1777. General Washington, agreeably to the powers vested in him, lately appointed James Mease clothier-general for the American Army. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 253 April 18, 1777. Resolved, That a member be added to the Committee on the Commis- sary's Department. ... The member chosen, Mr. Roberdeau. * * * Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to devise ways and means of supplying the Army with fresh beef on the most reasonable terms. The members chosen, Mr. Burke, Mr. Sherman, Mr. L. Morris, Mr. R. H. Lee, and Mr. Rumsey. April 18, 1777. John Armstrong, who was appointed brigadier-general March 1, 1770, resigned April 4, 1777, and, in the absence of a regular inspector, was requested by Congress to inspect the magazines of provisions under the care of Commissary Wharton, authorizing him to call on the commissaries for all necessary information, and, if he found the magazines in a perishing or neglected state, to take proper steps for their regulation. Commissary Wharton and his deputies were ordered to pay due obedience to his directions. April 19, 1777. Resolved, That three members be added to the said committee [on the commissary's department]. . . . The members chosen, Mr. Duane, Mr. W. Smith, and Mr. Gerry. April 21, 1777. Resolved, That James Mease, clothier-general, be directed to deliver to General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the cloth in his possession fit for tents. April 23, 1777. Resolved, That the Committee on the Commissary's Department and the committee appointed to devise means for supplying the Army with fresh beef be consolidated, and that Mr. Trumbull be directed to con- fer with the said committee. May 3, 1777. Resolved, That Christopher Ludwig be appointed superintendent of bakers and director of baking in the Grand Army of the United States; that he have power to license, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief or officer commanding at any principal post, all persons to be employed in this business, and to regulate their pay, making proper report of his proceedings, and using his best endeavors to rectify all abuses in the article of bread. That no person be permitted to exercise the trade of baker in the said Army without such license; and that he receive for his services herein an allowance of 75 dollars a month and two rations a day. May 8, 1777. Ordered, . . . That the said [secret] committee furnish the clothier-general with copies of the invoices of all clothing and articles that relate to his department | recently imported from France], that he may give the proper orders relative thereto. 254 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. May U, 1777. Resolved, . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage and for and during such times as they shall think proper, to the . . . Commissary-General and his deputies . . . Pro- vided, alwaj^s, That if any of the officers above mentioned, their depu- ties, or assistants should be allowed forage in consequence of any general orders hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof. May 30, 1777. "The Commissary-General is to adopt every means in his power to provide vinegar for the use of the Army. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Mid- dlebrook. ) June 3, 1777. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways and means for supplying the United States with salt. The members chosen, Mr. J. B. Smith, Mr. Marchant, and Mr. Frost. sfc * * Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways and means for supplying the Army with shoes, hats, and shirts. The members chosen, Mr. Sherman, Mr. Clark, and Mr. J. B. Smith. June 7, 1777. Resolved, That the clothier-general furnish each noncommissioned officer and soldier enlisted in the Army of the United States, to serve three years or during the war, with the articles of clothing enumerated by a resolution of Congress of the 8th October last, or other clothing of equal value, notwithstanding the same cost more than 20 dollars. June 10, 1777. Resolved, 1. That for supplying the Army of the United States with provisions, one Commissary-General and four deputy commissaries- general of purchases, and one commissary -general and three deputy commissaries-general of issues, be appointed by Congress. II. That each of the said commissaries and deputy commissaries be authorized to appoint for himself one clerk. III. That the deputy commissaries-general have authority to appoint as many assistant commissaries to act under them as may from time to time be necessary, and the same to displace at pleasure, making returns thereof to the commissaries-general, respectively, who shall have full power to limit their numbers, to displace such as they shall think disquali- fied for the trust, and direct their respective deputy commissaries-gen- eral to appoint others in their stead; that special care be taken by the officers empowered as aforesaid to appoint none but persons of prob- ity, capacity, vigilance, and attachment to the United States, and the cause they are engaged in, and to make returns to the Board of War, the Commander in Chief, aud the commander of the respective depart- THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 255 ments, of the assistant commissaries by them respectively appointed, their several places of abode, the time of their appointment and dis- mission, and the post, place, magazine, or district to which they are severally assigned; and that the deputy commissaries-general of pur- chases and issues in the same district make similar returns to each other. IV. That the commissary -general of purchases shall superintend the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, and assign to each a separate district, who shall constantly reside therein, and not make any pur- chases beyond the limits thereof; and every purchaser employed therein shall also have a certain district assigned to him by the respective deputy commissary -general, in which he shall reside, and be} T ond the limits of which he shall not be permitted to make any purchases, unless by special order of his superior, directing the quantity and quality of provisions so to be purchased beyond his limits, and informing such purchaser of the prices given by the stationed purchaser in the district to which he may be sent. V. That the commissary -general of purchases shall direct the deputy commissaries-general in their respective districts to inform themselves and assistant, as nearly as may be, of the prices for which the articles which they are to procure may be purchased, and that neither they nor any of the said assistants employed under their direction exceed such prices; and if anj^ deputy commissary -general of purchases shall neglect his duty, or be guilty of any fraud or misconduct in his office, the Commissary-General may suspend him, and shall immediately cer- tify the same to Congress, with the reasons for such suspension, and appoint a person to act in his stead, with all the powers of a deputy commissary -general, until the sense of Congress shall be known thereon. VI. That the present Commissary-General, by himself or his depu- ties, deliver unto the commissar}^ -general of issues, or his deputies or assistants, all and every kind of provisions and other public stores in the Commissary-General's Department, that are now, or at the time such delivery shall be made, may be, in any of the posts, places, mag- azines, and storehouses belonging to the United States, taking dupli- cate receipts for the same, one set whereof, together with a general return of all stores so delivered, to be sent to the Board of Treasury, that the commissary-general of issues may be charged therewith. VII. That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of pur- chases, with the assistance of the deputy commissaries-general and assistant commissaries-general of purchases, to purchase all provisions and other necessaries allowed, or which may hereafter be allowed by ( ongress to the troops of the United States, and deliver the same to the commissary -general of issues or his deputies or assistants in such quantities, and at such places or magazines as the Commander in Chief or the commander in the respective department shall direct. VIII. That the commissary-general of issues shall direct the respec- tive deputy commissaries-general to station one of their assistants at every fort, post, place, or magazine where provisions are or may be stored. IX. That the commissary -general of purchases shall furnish each of the deputy commissaries-general and assistants with a hook in which i- to be entered every purchase by them respectively made, and that all the accounts may be kept in the same form, he shall cause the pages of such book to be divided into ten columns in the first of 256 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. which shall be entered the year, month, and day in which any purchase is made; in the second, the names of the persons from whom; in the third, in what place; in the fourth, the species and quantity of pro- visions, and if live stock, the number, color, and natural marks; in the fifth, the artificial marks and number; in the sixth, the prices; in the seventh, the amount of the purchase money; in the eighth, ninth, and tenth, the weight of the meat, hides, and tallow of the live stock, as hereafter directed; and the commissary-general of issues shall fur- nish each of the issuing deputy commissaries-general and assistants with a similar book, in which shall be entered all provisions received by them from the purchasers, respectively, the first column to contain the time of receiving such provisions; the second, the name of the pur- chaser, and in each of the other columns the entries before directed. X. That each purchaser shall enter, in different pages of the said book, each species of provisions by him purchased, and, at the end of every month, shall foot and transfer the said entries to a general account, specifying the quantity, amount, and average cost of each article, and shall also, in the course of the next succeeding month, send a copy of such account to the respective deputy commissaries-general, who shall thereupon make out a monthly return of all the provisions purchased in his district, specifying the quantity, amount, and average cost of each species, as before directed, together with a copy of each purchaser's accounts, to the board of war and commissary-general of purchases within the time limited as aforesaid. XI. That the purchasing commissaries shall deliver live stock and other provisions required by the commissary or several deputy com- missaries-general of issues at such place as they shall respectively direct. XII. That the deputy commissary -general of purchases in each dis- trict shall specially appoint one or more assistants to purchase live stock, who shall cause to be branded on the horns of all cattle by them purchased the number and initial letter of their names, respectively, and shall also have power to employ drovers and a person at each place to which they may respectively be directed to send cattle, to receive, kill, and deliver the same, as hereafter directed. XIII. That each drove of live stock, or quantity of provisions, or other stores that may be sent to an} r post, place, or magazine by any purchaser shall be accompanied with duplicate invoices taken from the entries directed to be made in the books of the purchasing com- missaries, one of which, together with the live stock or other stores, shall be delivered at such post, place, or magazine, to the person appointed to receive live stock or to the issuing commissaries, respec- tively, who, on the other hand, shall give his receipt for the articles received, to be transmitted to the purchaser by the person delivering the eaid articles: Provided, That if any live stock under the care of the drover shall be wanted at any other post than that to which they were ordered the purchaser's deputy at such post may detain them, taking a copy of the invoice as far as it respects the live stock detained and giving nis receipt for the same on the back of the said invoice, specifying their marks and numbers, and the person to whom the residue may be delivered shall give his receipt therefor on the same invoice, and detain the other for his use as aforesaid. XIV. That each drove of live stock shall be killed under the direc- tion of the purchaser's deputy receiving the same, who shall weigh and THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 257 deliver the meat to the commissary of issues of the respective posts, together with duplicates of the invoice left by the drover, entering in the eighth column the weight of the quarters of the several creatures; in the ninth, the weight of the hide; in the tenth, the weight of the tallow, and at the foot of each invoice the number of neads and tongues; and the commissary of issues shall indorse his receipt on one of the invoices and deliver it to the deputy aforesaid, who shall return it to the purchaser as his voucher and to enable him to fill up the eighth, ninth, and tenth columns of the entries in his book, and the other shall be kept by the issuing commissary for his own use. XV. That the commissary -general of purchases shall contract, by himself or the respective deputy commissaries-general, with one or more persons in each district to make or supply a sufficient quantity of vinegar for the use of the Army. XVI. That the deputy commissaries-general of purchases take special care to procure full supplies of vegetables, as being essentially neces- sary to the health of the Army; and they are respectively empowered and directed, with the advice of the commander in chief or commander of the respective district, to hire land therein, and raise such quanti- ties of vegetables as are wanted and can not be otherwise procured for the Army; and for this purpose to employ suitable persons to conduct and laborers to assist in carrying on the said business. XVII. That the commissary -general of purchases shall, from time to time, apply to Congress for all the money wanted in his depart- ment, and shall make the necessary advances to the respective deputy commissaries-general, calling them to account as often as he shall judge it necessary; and the deputy commissaries-general shall, in like man- ner, make advances of the money received of the said commissary- general to their respective assistants, and call them to account as aforesaid. XVIII. That the commissary and deputy commissaries-general of purchases and issues shall respectively be accountable for the conduct of the officers of their own appointment, and all the accounts of pur- chases and issues shall, once in six months, be settled by the respective commissaries-general with the proper commissioners of accounts; each account of purchases to be vouched by the several bills and receipts of the venders, specifying the cost, and the receipts of the i -suing commissaries, showing the delivery of all articles therein charged; and each account of issues by the victualling returns here- after directed to be made, and receipts for all provisions charged therein as rations, or sent by the respective issuing commissary to any other; and the commissaries-general shall produce the monthly returns of the several purchasing ana issuing commissaries, to be used by the commissioners in adjusting their respective accounts. XIX. That the commissaries-general of purchases and issues and their respective deputies, for neglect of duty or other offences in their respective offices, shall be subject to military arrest and trial, by order of the Commander in Chief or any general officer commanding a divi- sion of the Army, post, or department where such neglect of duty or offence may happen; and the respective assistants of the deputy com- missaries-general of purchases and issues shall, for the same causes, be liable to military arrest as commissioned officers in the Army by any general officer or any officer commanding a detached post to which such assistants may !>< assigned. S. Doc. 229 17 258 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. XX. That the commissaiy -general of issues shall superintend the respective deputy commissaries-general and assign to each a separate district, and have full powers to suspend them and appoint others for a time, as already appointed for the commissary -general of purchases. XXI. That every issuing commissary shall enter in distinct pages of the book mentioned in the ninth article each species of provisions or other stores received by him, including the provisions delivered by other issuing commissaries or the present Commissary-General, and the same entries shall be made with respect to these as therein are directed when provisions are received from the purchasers, excepting that the prices and cost of articles delivered by the said commissaries may be omitted. XXII. That every issuing commissary shall be furnished with a book of issues, in which he shall open a separate account with each regiment, corps, or detachment to which he may issue or commissaiy to which he may send or deliver provisions; and each page thereof shall be divided into columns, in the first of which shall be entered the time of delivery, in the second the name of the officer upon whose return pro- visions are issued or by whom sent to any other issuing commissary, in the third the number of rations, and in other separate columns the several quantities of each species of provisions delivered as rations or sent to the commissaries as aforesaid. And on the last day of every month he shall foot the said accounts and also all the accounts of provi- sions received and entered in the book mentioned in the preceding article. XXIII. That every issuing commissary shall take duplicate receipts for each quantity of provisions and stores by him sent to an} T post, place, or magazine, agreeably to the form of the entries directed to be made in the book of issues, one of which he shall deliver to the officer or person employed to deliver said provisions or stores; and the issu- ing- commissary at such post, place, or magazine, or at any intermediate post, who may receive such provisions or stores or any part thereof, shall certify the quantity on the back of the said receipt, which the officer or person who delivered the provisions shall return to the com- missary that sent them as his voucher; and in cases of deficiency the commissary who sent the provisions shall credit the commissary to whom they were directed for the quantity lost, if the same has been placed to his debit, and shall charge twice the amount thereof to the account of the officer or person employed to deliver it, and shall also transmit a copy of the said account to the paymaster or deputy pay master-general in the district, who shall send to the issuing commissary a receipt for such account, to be produced by him on settlement, and shall also deduct the amount thereof from the pay of the delinquent and credit the United States therefor: Provided, That if any provi sions or stores shall be lost by unavoidable accident and the same i. proved by sworn evidences before the commanding officer of the post from or to which such provisions or stores were sent, his certificate, with the proof annexed, shall authorize the commissary to cancel such charge. XXIV. That no provisions be issued to any person but by the writ- ten order of the Commander in Chief, the commander of any depart- ment, the Quartermaster-General, any of his deputies or assistants, the commanding officer of a post, describing the person in whose favor such order shall be given, or upon a return signed by the commanding THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 259 officer of a corps or detachment thereof, whether commissioned or non- commissioned, or by the regimental quartermaster. XXV. That when any troops are ordered to quit a post and the issu- ing commissary remains at such post, the respective commanding officers of the several regiments or corps shall call on the issuing com- missary for a certificate specifying the day to which they were vict- ualled, inclusively; and in case detachments of different regiments or corps are made, the commanding officer of such detachments shall pro- cure a certificate from the commissary, in which shall be inserted the days to which the different troops of which his detachment may be composed were victualled, and the next and every subsequent provision return for such detachment shall distinguish the corps out of which it is formed and the number of each corps, to the end that the commissary may charge each corps with the provision issued to it; and if any com- missary at an}' other post shall victual any corps or detachment com- prehended in the foregoing description before such certificates are produced he shall charge the officer commanding the same with twenty da} T s' provision for the whole number of men under his care and make return thereof to the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general in the district, who shall make the proper stoppages, and also to the Board of Treasury, who shall charge him therefor: Provided, That if such certificates be procured and delivered within thirty days after the first drawing of such provisions without certificate, the Commissary- General shall cancel the charge, keeping the certificate as a voucher for so doing: Provided also, That notwithstanding such certificate may be produced, if it shall appear that the officer commanding any corps or detachment has drawn more provision than the corps or detachment was entitled to, he shall stand charged the double quantity so overdrawn. XXVI. That every issuing commissary shall take receipts for the number of rations and for so much of every species of provisions as he may issue. XXVII. That every issuing commissary, on the last drawing day preceding the last drawing day of every month, shall victual the troops up to the last day of the month, inclusive; and if provisions should be ordered for troops going on detachments, for such time as would run beyond that day, two returns shall be made out, one to the last day of the month, inclusive, and one from the first day of the month, inclusive, to the time ordered. XXVIII. That every issuing commissary shall number the provi- sion returns, and endorse the same with the date thereof and the number of men victualled, and put the returns of each detachment or corps on separate files, each to contain the returns of a month for such corps or detachment. XXIX. That wherever any capital magazine shall be established, the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of the department, shall order storehouses to be built, and a barrack for fifty men, and the same to be enclosed with a stockade. XXX. That whenever any provisions or stores in any of the maga- zines become so damaged as to threaten a total loss of all such damaged provisions, tin; commissary of issues to whose care such provisions may be committed shall make return thereof immediately to the deputy commissary-general of issues, who is to apply to the Com- mander in Chief, or some general officer, to order a court of enquiry, 260 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. who shall thereupon grant one, and such provisions as may by the court be condemned shall be sold at public vendue, under the direc- tion of the deputy commissary-general of issues, public notice being given of such sale by advertisements at least ten days before the day of sale, unless the court should determine that the same ought to be sold at an earlier day. XXXI. That every assistant commissary of issues shall, within six days after the last day of every month, make a return to the deputy commissary -general of the district of all provisions and stores in his magazine or store at the last preceding return; of all provisions by him received in the preceding month; from whom and whence; of what he has issued, specifying the regiment and corps and the number of rations and the quantity of each species of provisions drawn by the same, and of what remains in store. XXXII. That each deputy commissary -general of issues shall, from the monthly returns of the assistant commissaries, make out a general return for the district, specifying what remained in the magazines or stores at the last return, what has been received since, the number of rations and quantity of provisions issued, and what remains in store, distinguishing the several posts, places, magazines, and regiments, or corps as aforesaid; one to be sent to the Board of War, one to the Com- mander in Chief, one to the commander of the department, one to the commissary -general of purchases, and one to the commissary-general of issues. XXXIII. That the commissary -general of purchases and commis- sary-general of issues, each in his own department, make a general monthly return to the Board of War, the Commander in Chief, and the commanding officer of the respective districts, and take special care constantly to provide and furnish each of the officers under him with printed forms of the books, invoices, receipts, and returns to be used by them respectively, agreeable to these resolves. XXXIV. That no returns of rations drawn or returned by the sev- eral regiments be hereafter made by the issuing commissaries to the commissary-general of musters, or by him to the Adjutant-General, or by the Adjutant-General to the Board of War, as directed in the regulations in the muster-master-general's department passed by Con- gress the 4th day of April last. XXXV. That the commissaries-general and the respective officers under them apply to the Quartermaster-General or his respective offi- cers for wagons, teams, and horses wanted in the several districts; and if at any time it shall be necessary to hire the same they are not to exceed the rates stipulated by Congress or the Quartermaster-General aforesaid. XXXVI. That all persons employed to purchase for the United States any articles in the several departments of the commissary-gen- eral of purchases, quartermaster, director, or clothier general, or the commissary -general of military stores shall previously apply to them or the principal officers under them, respectively, for certificates of the several prices by them allowed for such articles, and shall not, on any pretence whatsoever, exceed such prices. And it is recommended to the several States to give their purchasers, respectively, similar directions. XXXVII. That the commissary -general of purchases from time to time provide sufficient quantities of salt and deliver it to the commis- sary-general of issues or the respective officers under him, who are THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 261 directed to issue to the troops only such quantities and in such manner as the Commander in Chief or commander of the respective district shall direct. And the commissary-general of issues shall direct the respective deputy commissaries-general to employ a suitable number of coopers and packers, who shall salt and pack provisions at the sev- eral magazines and stores and take the proper precautions with respect to all provisions therein deposited. XXXVIII. And whereas great confusion hath arisen from the man- ner in which officers and soldiers have been paid for rations and parts of rations allowed to but not drawn by them, respectively: Resolved, That the parts of a ration be estimated as follows, viz: For the daily allowance of beef, pork, or fish, 4-90th of a dollar; of bread or flour, 2-90th; of peas or beans, l-90th; of milk, l-90th; of beer, l-90th; of rice, one-half of l-90th; and of soap, one-half of l-90th, making in the whole 10-90ths of a dollar for each ration; and that for the future the quarteamaster, or other person drawing provision for any regiment, corps, or detachment, shall, on the last day of every month, make out an abstract of the number of retained rations due to each officer, respectively, and also the number of each part of ration due to such regiment, corps, or detachment, and deliver the same to the respective issuing commissary, who shall compare it with his books, and, finding it right, shall certify thereon that the several charges in the abstract are just, and that such a sum as he shall find to be due shall be paid to the respective paymaster of the regiment, corps, or detachment, who shall annex the said abstract to the pay roll; that the Paymaster or deputy paymaster-general of the district may pay, and e is hereby required to pay, such ration abstract to the regimental pay master, who is directed to pay the respective officers and soldiers and take their receipts. And when any regiment, corps, or detach- ment or issuing commissary is ordered to leave a post before the end of the month the ration abstract shall be made up to the day of his or their leaving the post, and certified by the commissary as aforesaid. XXXI X. That the commissary of issues at every post where cattle are killed for the use of the Army appoint a careful person to take charge of the hides and tallow, to see that the former are properly dried and that the latter is properly rendered, and that both are dis- posed of as the commissary-general of issues, by order of Congress, shall direct. XL. That the commissary and deput}^ commissaries-general of pur- chases in each department and every purchaser employed under them shall take the oath of fidelity to the United States. . . . XLI. That the commissary and deputy commissary-general of issues in each department and every issuing commissary employed under them shall take the said oath of fidelity. . . . ' June 11, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases shall keep his office in the place where Congress shall sit, and that he or his clerk constantly attend therein. June 13, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the agents for the United States in Europe and the West Indies be directed and enabled by the secret committee to effect the importation of salt into these States, on account of the 262 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY. United States, b} T all vessels bound for America, subject to such regu- lations and restrictions as the secret committee may direct; That it be an instruction to all masters of vessels taking on board cargoes for America on account of the United States, if possible, to ballast the vessels with salt, unless otherwise specially ordered; That it be recommended to the several States to erect and encourage, in the most liberal and effectual manner, proper works for the making of salt. June 16, 1777. Resolved, That the pay and allowance to the commissar ies-general, deputy commissaries-general, assistants, and persons employed under them be as follows, to wit: To the commissaiy -general of purchases, 8 dollars and six rations a day; To the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, each 5 dollars and four rations a day; To the assistant commissaries of purchases, each 4 dollars per day; To the commissary-general of issues, 150 dollars a month and six rations a daj T ; To the deputy commissaries-general of issues, each 75 dollars a month and four rations a day; To the assistant commissaries of issues, each 40 dollars a month and two rations a day; To the clerks of the commissaries-general and deputy commissaries- general, each 35 dollars a month and two rations a day; ^o such deputies as purchasers of live stock are empowered to employ, for receiving the same at the several posts, each 27 dollars a month and two rations a day while in such service. Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be empowered to regulate the pay of drovers and butchers and transmit such regula- tions to Congress; That the commissary -general of issues in like manner be empowered to regulate and transmit to Congress the pay of coopers, packers, and other persons he may find necessary to be employed in such kind of services. June 17, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary-general of clothing be directed to supply the Army with a sufficient number of combs. June 17, 1777. The Clothier-General having reported that he finds himself em- barrassed and perplexed by the occasional interferences of some States who appro- priate clothing, and other necessaries imported for or purchased on account of the continent, Congress passed a resolution that the several continental agents in the different States be directed to deliver out no clothing except on the express order of the Commissary-General or his agents, and that he be furnished with an account of all clothing that may be imported as expeditiously as possible after its arrival. June 18, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of commissaries and deputy commissaries general of purchases and issues, the nominations having been previously made; and, the ballots being taken, the following gentlemen were elected, viz: Joseph Trumbull, esq., commissary-general of purchases; William Aylett, William Buchanan, Jacob Cuyler, and Jeremiah Wadsworth, esqs., deputy commissaries-general of purchases; THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 263 Charles Stewart, esq., commissary -general of issues; William Green Mumford, Matthew Irwin, and Elisha Avery, esqs., deputy commissaries-general of issues. June 20, 1777. Resolved, That a suitable person be appointed commissary to receive all rawhides belonging to the United States, and that he be authorized to exchange the same for tanned leather or men's shoes, at the cus- tomary rates of exchange, and have the leather so obtained worked into shoes and deliver them to the Clothier-General or his order, taking duplicate receipts, which he shall transmit to the Board of Treasury; That when the said commissary shall be of opinion that the said exchanges can not be made on reasonable terms he be authorized to -provide tanyards, materials, and workmen for that purpose, or contract with proper persons to tan them on reasonable terms; That if oil can not be procured for preparing the curried leather, the said commissary be supplied with tallow out of the public stores to be used instead thereof, and that he draw for so much as may be necessary on any of the commissaries of issues, making a return of the quantity so drawn to the deputy commissary-general of issues in the district; That the said commissar}' of hides shall be supplied with money for carrying on the said business, as occasion may require, on application to Congress, and that he settles his accounts with the Treasury Board once a year, or oftener, if required. That the Board of War may order the commissary of hides to deliver to the commissary of military stores so much of the leather in his hands as may be necessary for making accoutrements, etc., for the Army; and that the said commissary shall obey such orders and direc- tions as may, from time to time, be given to him by the Board of War respecting the business of his office and the persons necessary to be employed by him in the service, and make returns of his doings to the said board when required. That the secret committee import a suitable number of felt hats, not exceeding 50,000, and linen for as many shirts, for the use of the Army, and also import from the Spanish West Indies such a quantity of dried hides as they may judge necessary for a further supply of leather for shoes and other public uses. That it be recommended to the government of the several States to procure as much homemade linen, suitable for shirts for the troops, ;i- may be obtained on reasonable terms in the respective States, and deliver the same to the Clothier-General. . . . That the pay of the commissary of hides be 80 dollars a month. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of hides, and, the ballots being taken, Peter Philips, esq., was elected. June 20, 1777. The "commissary of hides" has heen considered as a subordinate to the ( lommisearjM icneral of Stores and Supplies although, from the last paragraph of his instructions, it is uncertain whether Congress did not make him the head of an independent office. June 22, 1777. The president of the State of Pennsylvania notified Congress that John McKallister, a deputy commissary of issues, having been charged with pecula- tion and embezzlement of public stores and provisions, the council has suspended him from pay and employment, pending action of Congress. This body tendered its thanks to the governor and council, and requested that they cause McKallister to be prosecuted at the expense of the United States. 264 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. June 23, 1777. Resolved, That Joseph Trumbull, esq., and the several persons by him lately employed in the commissary's department, be directed to supply the Army with provisions in the mode which they have hereto- fore practiced until the commissaries-general on the new establishment shall be prepared to enter upon the business. June 26, 1777. Matthew Irwin declined appointment of deputy commissary- general of issues. July 1, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary general of issues in the room of Mr. Irwin, and, the ballots being taken, Robert Hoops was elected. July 2, 1777. Resolved, That the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, respec- tively, be authorized to make reasonable allowances to such of the assistant commissaries as are employed in buying and collecting live stock for all extraordinary travelling expenses which they may be nec- essarily put to, not exceeding l^d dollar per day for such additional allowance. That there be paid to the assistant commissaries of issues each 60 dollars a month. July 7, 1777. Resolved, That William Buchanan, esq., deputy commissary- general of purchases for the Middle Department, be directed to appoint a proper person to supply the regiment commanded by Colonel Rich- ardson with provisions during its continuance in Maryland and the State of Delaware. That in case Mr. Buchanan should decline acting as deputy commis- sary for the department, the governor and council of Maryland be authorized and requested to make the appointment of a deputy com- missary for the supplying Colonel Richardson's battalion with pro- visions during their stay in Maryland or in the State of Delaware. Resolved, . . . That the clothier-general be directed to appoint an agent in the said State [Georgia] for the purpose of supplying the troops there with clothes; . . . That a deputy commissary -general of purchases and a deput}' com- missary-general of issues of provisions be appointed in the said State. July 23, 1777. Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to contract with bakers to bake into biscuits, for the use of the Army, the flour which they were ordered to sell; That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to have the flour stored at Yorktown, Lancaster, Downingtown, and Valley Forge, in Pennsylvania, and which is in danger of perishing, baked into bis- cuit for the use of the Army. July 23, 1777. The superintendent of bakers being unable to engage a number of journeyman bakers, most of them being in the militia, Congress referred him to the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, recommending to the latter to make details for this purpose. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 265 July 25, 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to contract with proper persons to supply the Army with beer, cyder, vegetables, soap, vinegar, and sour crout. Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to increase the ration of soap according to his discretion. July 29, 17T7. Mr. Phillips declined appointment of commissioner of hides. August 2, 1777. Commissary-General J. Trumbull asked leave to resign on August 20. August 5, 1777. Resolved, That a commissary of hides be appointed in the room of Peter Philips, esq., who declines acting. The ballots being taken, George Ewing was elected. * * * Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Commissary's Department; and, the ballots being taken, William Buchanan, esq., was elected commissary-general of pur- chases. August 6, 1777. Congress proceeded to the appointment of a deputy commissary of purchases, a deputy commissar y -general of issues: . . . Where- upon, Resolved, That James Koe, esq., be [deputy] commissary -general of purchases; John Bohun Garardeau, deputy commissary -general of issues. . . . * * * Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Commissary's Department; and, the ballots being taken, Ephraim Blaine, esq., was elected deputy commissary -general of purchases, in the room of Mr. Buchanan; Archibald Stewart, esq., deputy commissary -general of issues, in the room of Mr. Hoops, who has resigned; James Blicker, esq., deputy commissary -general of issues, in the room of Mr. Avery, resigned. Resolved, That in case Mr. Blicker decline the office, the command- ing officer in the Northern Department be authorized to aproint another person in his stead, and inform Congress thereof. Resolved, That another deputy commissary-general of issues be appointed for the Eastern Department; and, the ballots being taken, Samuel Gray, esq., was elected. * * * Whereas Joseph Trumbull, esq., having resigned his commission of commissary -general of purchases under the new regulations, has signi- fied his intention of discontinuing his service under the former estab- lishment on the 20th day of the present month; and whereas the commissaries-general of purchases and issues who are to succeed him in office may not be prepared with their respective assistants to pro- ceed in the business at the time aforesaid, and a failure of supplies may be attended with the most dangerous' consequences: Resolved, That Jd"r. Trumbull, with the officers under him, be desired to continue in the business of supplying the Army under the former 266 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. establishment until the commissaries-general of purchases and issues shall signify their readiness to proceed therein under the new regula- tions, which they are required to do as speedily as possible. August 7, 1777. Resolved, That the pay of the deputy commissaries-general of issues be increased to 100 dollars per month, and the pay of the clerks to the commissaries-general to 50 dollars a month. August 9, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary-general of purchases, in the room of Jeremiah Wadsworth, esq., resigned; and, the ballots being taken, Peter Colt, esq., was elected. August 11, 1777. Mr. Archibald Stewart resigned the office of deputy commissary- general of issues. August U, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary -general of issues; and, the ballots being taken, Robert White, esq. , was elected. August 28, 1777. Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed forthwith to inform himself, as nearly as may be, of the number of blankets, shoes, hose, and shirts that will be wanted for the troops of the United States in the fall and winter next ensuing, exclusive of those now in store or for which he has contracted; that he apply for the same to the several assemblies or executive authorities of the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, and Delaware, in proportion to the number of inhabitants of each State, and send to each an attested copy of this resolve; and it is earnestly recommended to the several States aforesaid to call on the inhabitants of their respective counties, cities, towns, or districts to manufacture or furnish their proportions of the said articles; and the said States are desired to appoint suitable persons to inspect the quality of the articles thus supplied, and to order them to be delivered to the clothier's agent in each State, who is hereby directed to pay for the same on the delivery thereof. That the clothier-general be directed forthwith to apply to the Com- mander in Chief and commander of each Continental district and inform himself of the number of assistant clothiers necessary for the Army and detached parts within their several commands; that he appoint, without delay, as many assistants as they may respectively judge necessary, and report their names to Congress; that he take effectual care to send to each assistant a proportion of the clothing on hand and full supplies as soon as may be, ordering the said assistants to give receipts for the same; that he be careful to direct the several assistants to give each noncommissioned officer and soldier the cloth- ing due to him by the articles of enlistment and take receipts, and THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 267 that they supply the Army with such other clothing as shall be neces- saiy at the average cost and charges thereof; that he furnish each assistant with the names of the noncommissioned officers and soldiers of the divisions or corps to which he may be assigned who have received the bounty of clothing, or any part thereof, and also with the account of each officer and soldier in such division or corps who is indebted to the United States for articles of clothing; that he direct each assistant on the first daj- of every month to render to the respec- tive regimental paymasters in the divisions or corps to which he is assigned particular accounts of all the clothing for which the officers and men are respectively indebted; and the several regimental pay- masters are hereby dire cted to make the proper stoppages from the pay rolls for discharging the said accounts, and to deliver th? money to the assistant clothiers respectively, taking their receipts and deliver- ing them to the paymaster or deputy paymaster-general, to be filed in his office until required by the commissioners of accounts or other proper authority; that the several assistants deliver the money so received to the clothier-general and account with him for all the clothing which they may receive as aforesaid. August 29, 1777. Resolved, That each assistant clothier be allowed 50 dollars a month and the rations of a captain. August 30, 1777. Resolved, That the several issuing commissaries be directed to fur- nish the director-general, or any of the deputy directors, or their assistants, with such provisions as any of them shall from time to time demand by an order in writing for the use of any temporary hospital which shall be established, which order, with the receipt of the steward endorsed thereon, shall be a sufficient voucher for such issuing com- missary, who is also required to keep such vouchers separate and make a separate entry of the same in his books, charging the director who ordered the same therewith. August 30, 1777. "Information being given by the Commissary-General that it is at present impracticable to supply the Army daily with hard bread, the troops are to receive soft bread or flour as the commissaries shall be able to supply them." {Orders, General Headquarters, Wilmington.) September 6, 1777. The Committee on the Treasury further report, . . . and there- fore it is the opinion of the committee that it be, Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed, as far as he shall have it in his power, to furnish all the noncommissioned officers and privates in the service of the United States who have not yet received their bounty of clothing, at their election, either with the several articles allowed by Congress in the resolution of 8th October, 1776, or in lieu thereof, the following articles, viz: One regimental coat, at 8 60-90ths dollars; one jacket without sleeves, 2 60-90ths dollars; one pair buckskin and two pair linen or 268 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARM?. woolen breeches, 8 dollars; one hat or leather cap, 2 60-90ths dollars; two shirts, 8 dollars; one hunting shirt, 4 dollars; two pair overalls, 6 dollars; two pair of stockings, 4 dollars; two pair of shoes, 6 dollars; one blanket, 6 dollars; making in all, 56 dollars. But, as the cost of the articles last specified exceeds that of the cloth- ing allowed as a bounty to the troops by 8 30-90ths dollars, so much shall be stopped out of the pay of every noncommissioned officer and private who shall be supplied in the manner last directed as will make the amount of clothing he shall receive equal to the value of the bounty of clothing, which, upon an average of the price of the several articles, is estimated at 47 60-90ths dollars. The said report and resolves being read twice, on the question put, Resolved, Tnat Congress agree to the same. September 12, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to purchase on the most reasonable terms he can 30 hogsheads of rum, and that the same be presented to the Army and distributed among the soldiers in such manner as the General shall direct, in compliment to the soldiers for their gallant behavior in the late battle of Brandywine. September U, 1777. Resolved, That the President write to the governor and council of New Jersey and request them to call on the inhabitants of the above- mentioned places (in the western division of New Jersey) for as many blankets as can be spared to supply the soldiers of General Washing- ton's arm} 7 , many of whom have lost their blankets in the late battle of Brandywine, and can not be supplied by the State of Pennsylvania; and that the cost of the said blankets be defrayed by the United States. September 15, 1777. Robert White, deputy commissary-general of issues, resigned. September 16, 1777. The Commissary-General of Issues and the Clothier-General were ordered to remove to Bethlehem, Pa., or some other place of safety the stores belonging to their respective departments ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J. September 17, 1777. Resolved, That General Washington be authorized and directed . . . to take, wheresoever he may be, all such provisions and other articles as may be necessary for the comfortable subsistence of the army under his command, paying or giving certificates for the same; . . . provided that the powers hereby vested shall be exercised only in such parts of those States as may be within the circumference of 70 miles or the headquarters of the American Army, and shall con- tinue in force for the space of 60 days, unless sooner revoked by Congress. September 27, 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to cooperate with Gen- eral Washington in devising and carrying into execution effectual measures for supplying the Army with . . . shoes, blankets, stockings, provisions, and other necessaries; and that in executing this business these collections be confined, as much as circumstances will admit, to persons of dissatisfied and equivocal characters. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 269 October 2, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary-general of provisions . . . and their deputies, respectively, be directed to provide and supply, in the places where Congress may meet, such articles of their respective departments as may be required by the several members thereof for the use of themselves, their servants, and horses, the said members paA'ing the cost of the said articles; and that this resolution extend to the secretaries, treasurer, and the officers of the several boards and committees of Congress. October 4, 1777. Resolved, That if the deputy commissary-general of purchases, or of issues, appointed for the eastern district, shall decline to accept of or officiate in their respective offices, Major Gen. Putnam, the command- ing officer at Peekskill, or the commanding officer there for the time being, be authorized and directed to appoint suitable persons to those respective offices, or either of them; and that Maj. Gen. Gates, or the commanding officer for the time being of the northern department, have similar power with respect to the deputy commissary -general of purchases and of issues for the northern department, and that they respectively certify the names of the commissaries which they may appoint to Congress for approbation. Resolved, That every assistant appointed, or that hereafter may be appointed by the respective deputy commissaries-general of purchases and of issues shall enter into bond to the president of Congress, in the penalty of 5,000 dollars, for the faithful performance of his duty; and such bond, being taken by the deputy commissary -general and lodged with the paymaster-general or deputy paymaster-general of the dis- trict, to be by him transmitted to the Treasury board, the deputy commissary-general shall no longer be chargeable or accountable for the good behavior of such assistants. That every deputy commissary -general shall be authorized to appoint as many clerks, not exceeding the number of three, as the respective commissaries-general shall judge necessary, who are directed to report the same to Congress. And whereas it is represented that it will be exceedingly difficult to comply with the regulations of Congress for branding and numbering cattle on the horns, Resolved, That the purchasers of live stock be respectively directed to adopt such other mode for marking the same as they shall judge expedient, and to transmit to Congress by the earliest opportunity the regulations for that purpose by them adopted. That each of the deputy commissaries-general of purchases be author- ized to allow to the purchasers of live stock, in his respective district, a longer time for making the returns required by the 10th article of the regulations of the department of the commissaries than is therein specified; provided such deputy commissary -general shall judge it necessary and the time further allowed does not exceed one month. And if in the hurry of a march or engagement, or at any other time, any deputy appointed to receive, kill, and deliver live stock shall be unable to weign the meat, hides, and tallow thereof he shall bo indem- nified from any charge of neglect upon producing to the respective purchaser of cattle a certificate from the commanding officer of the 270 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. army, post, or detachment of the fact aforesaid; and such certificate shall also excuse the purchaser of live stock from producing the receipt of the issuing commissary required by the 14th article of the said regulations. That it was never the intention of Congress to make any purchaser of live stock or officer of the department liable for unavoidable loss of all or any part of such live stock, when such purchaser or officer shall make it appear that proper care hath been taken to prevent such loss. October 6, 1777. Resolved, That the commissaries-general of purchases and issues and their deputies and assistants have power and authority to impress and seize wagons, shallops, and proper storehouses, on extraordinary occasions, for the use of their departments; this authority to extend to the distance of TO miles from headquarters, and to be in force to the 1st of January next, and no longer; . . . October 8, 1777. "The commanding officers of corps are immediately to select the most suitable of their men and set them to making mockasins for their corps. The commissaries are to order the skins of the heads and legs of bullocks to be taken off and applied to that use, so far as they will go. The commissaries also are to issue the raw hides for the purpose upon the returns of the officers commanding corps." {Orders, General Headquarters, Perkiomy.) October 11, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary -general of issues, his deputies and assistants, and all persons employed under him or them, deliver over, on demand, to the commissary of hides, all hides, tallow, feet, and offal of all cattle killed for the use of the Army, taking a receipt for the same, any order or direction of any person or persons to the con- trary notwithstanding. That the said commissary of hides be supplied with money for car- rying on the business of his department, from time to time, upon his application to Congress, and that he shall settle his accounts once a year or oftener, if required, with the Treasury board. That he or his deputies at any principal department or post be authorized to hire or impress one or more wagons or carriages for the use of his department, as occasion may require, which shall not be subject to be impressed for any other service by any officer of the Army, unless by special direction of the Commander in Chief for the time being; and if any officer shall (except as before excepted), on any pretense whatsoever, impress, without his consent, any wagon, cart, or carriage in the service of the said commissary of hides, he shall immediately, on application to the commanding officer nearest the place where the transaction happens, be put under arrest, be liable to pay all loss the State sustain by such impressment, and suffer such other punishment as shall be deemed proper by a court-martial. That the Commander in Chief and the commanding officer of any department, post, or detachment be directed to supply the commissary- general of hides and his respective deputies with guards for their wagons when the said commissary shall apply for the same and they shall appear to be necessary. That the said commissary of hides shall make a return once in every three months to the Board of War of his whole transactions, specifying THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 271 the number of workmen employed, the quantities of hides on hand, the quantities exchanged for leather anc^shoes, what quantity is made up into shoes, and what otherwise disposed of; and to enable him to do this his deputies and assistants, whose names, occupations, and pay or wages he is also to return, shall make monthly returns to the said commissary of hides. That the said commissary of hides shall receive and take care of the tallow and all other useful offal of the cattle belonging to the United States, and see that the said tallow is properly rendered and made fit to be manufactured into candles and soap for the use of the Army, and shall deliver the said tallow, so rendered, to the commissary -general of purchases, or his order, taking receipts for the same, reserving so much of the said tallow as may be necessary for the manufacture of the leather and the use of his own department. That the commissary of hides have the appointment of all deputies and assistants to be employed under him, for whose conduct he shall be responsible, and have authority to displace them at pleasure. October 16, 1777. Resolved, That a deputy commissary -general of purchases and a deputy commissary-general of issues be appointed for supplying the forts and posts on the western frontier of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and that the limit of the district be assigned by the respective commis- saries-general. That assistant purchasing commissaries be not allowed in the district aforesaid. October 16, 1777. Ordered, That a copy of General Washington's letter of the 13th and the returns relative to clothing wanted for the Army be sent by express to each of the States of Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, and that they be respectively requested to send to the General, with all possible despatch, as manjr of the several articles mentioned in the returns as can be collected and are not immediately wanted for their respective regiments which have not joined the Army, and to order the officers in the clothier's depart- ment in the States aforesaid to use their utmost exertions in forwarding the clothing in their possession. October 22, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases be authorized and empowered to apply to the governor and council of safety of Con- necticut, or to the board of war to the Massachusetts Bay, or to empower the deputy commissary -genera! of purchases for the eastern district to import or contract with persons who shall import and supply on reasonable terms a sufficient quantity of salt for the Army of the United States in the middle district; that the masters of the vessels to be employed for this purpose be severally directed to deliver their cargoes of salt at such ports in the middle or southern districts as the commissary-general shall think most convenient, and that he order cargoes of flour or grain, on the arrival of those vessels at the ports aforesaid, to be provided and shipped in them for the Army in the eastern district. 272 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. And the said governor and council of safety and board of war are severally requested to assist the commissary in accomplishing these purposes and to grant or procure permits for exporting cargoes to purchase the salt. And whereas there is an immediate demand for the article aforesaid in the middle district, Resolved, That the supreme executive authorities of the States of Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut be respectively requested to assist the commissary -general of purchases in procuring wagons or teams for removing 12,000 bushels of salt from the eastern to the middle district; that the said commissary be directed to employ the wagons or teams procured in the Massachusetts Bay to remove the salt from thence to Connecticut, and those procured in the States last mentioned in remov- ing the salt from thence to such places on the North River as he shall judge most convenient; and the said commissary-general is directed to procure wagons or teams in the middle districts and load them with flour, to be delivered at the North River and sent by the teams bring- ing the salt from Connecticut to the magazines of the Army in that State; and that the wagons or teams from the middle district be employed to bring from North River the salt to be deposited there as aforesaid. November 3, 1777. Resolved, That a copy of the resolutions of Congress of the 4th of October last, relative to the department of the purchasing and issuing commissaries, be forthwith transmitted by express to the governor and council of safety of Connecticut, who are authorized and requested to appoint a deputy commissary-general of purchases and a deputy commissary general of issues for the eastern district, provided the appointments of Congress to the respective offices aforesaid are not accepted, and Gen. Putnam has not made such appointments, agree- able to the powers given him by the resolution last mentioned, or that the officers so appointed should appear to the said governor and coun- cil incompetent to the business. That a copy of the preceding resolution be transmitted by the express aforesaid to Major Gen. Putnam, who is directed to inform his excel- lency Governor Trumbull of his conduct relative to the premises, and to direct the officers who may have accepted the appointments afore- said forthwith to apply to the governor and council of safety for instructions, and that Gen. Putnam cease to proceed further in the business aforesaid. November 10, 1777. General Gates was authorized to order the Paymaster-General to pay dues to officers and men for rations allowed to them but not paid, provided the existing regulations of the Commissary's Department on the subject be no longer dispensed with than he shall judge necessary. November 11, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary -general of issues for supplying the forts and posts on the western frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia; and, the ballots being taken, John Erwing was elected. November 14, 1777. "Mr. Kemper, the deputy clothier-general, is to attend the meeting and take the directions of the board [commanders of brigades] for the present and future distributions." (Orders, General Headquarters, White-Marsh.) THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 273 November tS i 1777. Resolved, That a copy of the letter from J. Bradford, dated Boston, October the 16th, 1777, to the secret committee, be transmitted to the clothier-general; . . . that the clothier-general, without delay, appoint a deputy in each State, if he hath not already made such appointments; that the cloth for soldiers' clothing mentioned in the said letter to be imported into Bedford for account of Congress be delivered to the clothier-general or his order; . . . that the receipts taken on the delivery be forthwith transmitted to the com- mittee of commerce; that the clothier-general be directed immediately to give orders to his deputy for the State of Rhode Island to receive the said cloth for soldiers' clothing, and procure the making up the same into clothes there or elsewhere, as soon as may be, and to forward them with the utmost despatch to General Washington's Army; that the clothier-general also write to the governor and coun- cil of the State of Rhode Island, requesting them, in case the person appointed bj r him as his deputy should decline acting, to appoint a suitable person for that purpose, and for forwarding the clothing as above directed; and the said governor and council are requested to make such appointment accordingly, and to give every necessary aid to the above important business. November 19, 1777. Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed to deliver to the director-general of the militaiy hospitals, the deputy directors-general, or their assistants, for the use of the sick and wounded of the several departments, a proportionable share of the blankets, shirts, shoes, and stockings, which he shall, from time to time, procure for the supply of the Army. November W, 1777. Resolved, That [Colonel G. Morgan, restored to the appointment for Indian affairs] be appointed deputy commissary -general of purchases in the western district. November n, 1777. L'< solved, That the resolution of Congress of the 15th of October last, directing that no assistant purchasing commissaries be appointed for the western district be not extended to the temporary appoint- ments of such officers, and that the Commissary-General of Purchases be directed to authorize the deputy commissary -general of purchases for the said district to make such appointments when he, the said Commissary-General, shall judge it necessary. * * * 5. Resolved, That . . . each of the respective legislatures [of the several States] enact suitable laws, . . . as to authorize the purchasing commissaries for the Army, ... to take from any engrossers, forestallers, or other person possessed of a larger quantity of any such commodities or provisions than shall be competent for the private annual consumption of their families, and who shall refuse to S. Doc. 229 18 274 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. sell the surplus at the prices to be ascertained [by a convention of State commissioners], paying- only such price for the same. * * * Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the respective legis- latures of the United States, without delay, by their separate authority, to adopt and effectually enforce a temporary regulation of the prices of provisions and other commodities for the supply of the Army, in such manner as they shall judge reasonable; and to continue in force until the general regulations before proposed shall be adopted. November^, 1777. "The Commander in Chief offers a reward of ten dollars to any person who shall, by nine o'clock on Monday morning, produce the best substitute for shoes, made of raw hides. The commissary of hides is to furnish the hides; and the major-general of the day is to judge of the essays, and assign the reward to the best artist." (Orders, General Headquarters, White-Marsh.) November U, 1777. The committee appointed to prepare a plan for establishing a board to superintend the departments of the commissaries and Quartermaster- General, report: That as a Board of War, consisting of persons not members of Con- gress, has been lately established, and the late Quartermaster-General is a member thereof, the committee are of opinion that a considerable expense may be saved by adding to the board a person acquainted with the commissarial business, and authorizing it to superintend each of the civil departments of the Army: Whereupon, Resolved, That Congress concur with the committee. November 25, 1777. Resolved, That Governor Caswell be desired to appoint proper per- sons within the State of North Carolina to purchase, with secrecy and despatch, all the merchantable leather and deerskins in that State proper for making shoes, breeches, . . . that he be desired to detain so much thereof as can be manufactured into shoes and breeches within the space of four months, sending on to the clothier-general, at Lan- caster, in Pennsylvania, the shoes and breeches which maj T be made from time to time, ... November 26, 1777. Congress resumed the consideration of the report from the com- mittee on the letter from S. Hopkins, esq., etc., when the seventh article was agreed to as follows: 7th. And whereas, notwithstanding the large quantities of clothing which have seasonably been ordered from Europe for the armies of the United States, sucn have been the obstructions, from a variety of causes, that an adequate supply has not been imported, and it is become necessary that immediate provisions should be made to defend the troops from the inclemency of the winter, and to prevent future disappointments of the like nature, and that, for this purpose, the sev- eral States should be called upon for assistance. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 275 Resolved, therefore, That it be earnestly recommended to the several States from time to time to exert their utmost endeavors to procure, in addition to the allowances of clothing heretofore made by Congress, supplies of blankets, shoes, stockings, shirts, and other clothingfor the comfortable subsistence of the officers and soldiers of their respec- tive battalions; and to appoint one or more persons to dispose of such articles to the said officers and soldiers in such proportion as the gen- eral officers from the respective States commanding in such army shall direct, and at such reasonable prices as shall be assessed by the clothier- general or his deputy, and be in just proportion to the wages of the officers and soldiers, charging the surplus of the cost to the United States; and all clothing hereafter to be supplied to the officers and sol- diers of the Continental Army out of the public stores of the United States, beyond the bounties already granted, shall be charged at like prices, the surplus to be defrayed by the United States; provided that effective measures be adopted by each State for preventing any com- Eetition between their purchasing agents and the clothier-general and is agents, who are severally directed to observe the instructions of the respective States relative to the prices of clothing purchased within such State. November 28, 1777. Resolved, That a copy of the resolution of Congress of the 22d of October and 3d of November, relative to the Commissary's Depart- ment, be transmitted to his excellency the governor and council of safety of the State of Connecticut, who are requested to order the salt to be sent from the eastern to the middle district, agreeable to the resolution first mentioned, to such parts of the North River and to the care of such officer or person there as they shall judge expedient, and inform Congress or the commissary -general of purchases thereof; and the governor and council aforesaid are further requested to take effectual measures for sending immediate supplies of cattle to the army in the middle district and to the prisoners quartered near Bos- ton; and to this purpose they are fully authorized to superintend the deputy commissaries-general of purchases and issues and their respec- tive deputies or assistants in the eastern and northern districts, and to remove and appoint others in the room of such as shall refuse or neglect to comply with their directions. * * * Resolved, That the commissary -general of issues be directed to pre- serve the flour barrels of the Army and send them by the return wagons to the mills from whence supplies of flour may be sent to the Army; that he save the pork and beef barrels and as much of the salt therein as can be collected, and that for this purpose he employ a suitable number of coopers, and inform Congress of his proceedings therein. December 20, 1777. Resolved, That it be most earnestly recommended to the respective legislatures of the United States forthwith to enact laws appointing -i i i table persons to seize and take, for the use of the Continental Army of the said States, all woolen cloths, blankets, linens, shoes, stockings, hats, and other necessary articles of clothing suitable for the Army, 276 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. which may be in the possession of any persons inhabitants of, or res- idents within, their respective States, for the purpose of sale and not for their own private use or famity consumption, giving them certifi- cates or receipts for the same, expressing the qualit} T and quantity of the goods; provided, that such laws do not extend to any goods, wares, or merchandise which are or shall be hona fide imported into the respective States on account of any persons not citizens of these United States, so long as the same shall continue their property, and no longer; and that they inflict such penalties as may be deemed proper on such persons possessed of '&x\y of the above-enumerated goods, wares, or merchandise, or other articles of clothing suitable for the Army, who, to evade the good intentions of the said laws, shall falsely affirm or declare the same to be the property of persons not citizens of any of the said United States. 2. That it be further recommended to make provision in the said laws to empower the commissary -general of purchases, or any of his deputies, or such other persons as the respective legislatures may deem expedient, to seize all stock and every kind of provision necessary for the Army, which may have been purchased up on engrossed by any person with a view of selling the same, giving to the person from whom such stock or provisions have been taken certificates as aforesaid. 3. That the value of all such goods, wares, and merchandise as are above enumerated, or other articles of clothing, stock, or provisions necessary for the Army, which shall be so seized and taken, be ascer- tained at the rate at which the said articles shall be stated by the con- vention of the committees of the several States to be held agreeably to the recommendation of Congress on the 22d of November last; the articles of clothing to be paid for by draughts made by the respective States upon the clothier-general, and the stock of provisions by the purchasing commissaries receiving them. 4. And it is further recommended to the respective States to cause to be made up so much of the clothing aforesaid as they can complete within a reasonable time, and to send the whole of the clothing so taken or seized, as well that part which may be made up, as that which remains unmade (except so much as may be necessary for clothing the recruits enlisted in the States for their respective battalions in the Continental service), to the clothier-general to be distributed in the first instance to the supply of the troops belonging to the State fur- nishing such clothing, and the residue in such manner as the commis- sioners of the War Office or the clothier-general shall from time to time direct; provided, that this resolution shall not repeal or affect any part of the seventh proposition recommended to the legislatures of the respective States the 22d [26th] of November last, relative to the additional clothing to be furnished to their respective battalions; and it is further resolved, that the clothier-general transmit, from time to time, to the respective States, an account of the clothing fur- nished to their battalions out of the stock by them collected and sent forward, in order that each State may be satisfactorily informed that their troops receive immediate advantage from its exertions in the common cause. 5. And whereas great waste of clothing has arisen from the want of fidelity or skill in the persons employed to make up the same: Resolved, That it be recommended to the respective States to appoint one or more suitable persons to superintend and direct the tradesmen employed to make up the clothes to be collected as aforesaid, who shall THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 277 conform themselves to the instructions of the Board of War relative to the form thereof, provided that no delays be suffered to take place from the want of such instructions. 6. And whereas the comfortable support of the army of these States may hereafter greatly depend on the supplies which they may be able to draw from their own internal resources, it is therefore most earnestly recommended to the said States to employ a sufficient number of manufacturers and tradesmen to supply the clothing wanted for their respective battalions, exempting them, under proper regula- tions, from military duty; and authorizing suitable persons to collect and supply, at the stipulated prices, cotton, wool, flax, leather, and other articles for carrying on the said manufactures. 7. And . . . it is most seriously recommended to the several legislatures aforesaid forthwith to enact laws ... to prohibit any persons whatsoever, not citizens of their respective States, from purchasing within the same any article of clothing or provision neces- sary for the use of the army (unless so much as may be requisite for their own private or famity's use or consumption), excepting only such person or persons as shall produce a certificate, under the seal and sign manual of the supreme executive authority of the respective States. ... December SO, 1777. Resolved, . . . That after the 1st day of January next the commissary-general of purchases be directed from time to time to compute the cost of each part of a ration, agreeably to the prime cost of the articles composing the same; and that he send a certificate thereof to the Board of Treasury, and also to the commissary -general of issues, who is thereupon directed to publish the same to the issuing commissaries, to be b} r them observed, in lieu of the estimate made in the 38th article of the commissary's regulations, passed by Congress the 10th of June last. December SI, 1777. Whereas Samuel A. Otis, deputy clothier-general in the State of Massachusetts Bay, hath signified to Congress that he hath contracted with sundry persons in the said State for a large quantity of clothing for the use of the Continental troops at the most extravagant rate of 10 to 1,800 per cent, and that some of the holders of the said goods have even refused to deliver him the same until they shall receive the cash, . . . Resolved, Therefore, that Mr. Otis be directed to pay only for such of the said clothing as he may have actually received at the rate for which he may have contracted for such clothing. II, ,,,/,-, i<t" any article intended for making a part of, or appertaining to their respective departments, except for and on account of the United States; nor shall they, or either of them, take or apply to his or their own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business in their . . . departments, other than what is or may be allowed by law. Sec. 5. That the sixth section <>f the act hereby amended l>e, and the same is herein-, repealed. 336 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1813 (2 Stats., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same. Sec. 2. The superintendent-general of military supplies * shall pre- scribe the form of all the returns and accounts of such stores and sup- plies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered by . . . the commissary -general of purchases and his deputies. . . . Sec. 3. That the commissary-general of purchases and his deputies . . . shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid ; and shall also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such other times, as the Secretary for the War Department may prescribe: Pro- vided, however, That the accounts and returns thus rendered shall relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and disposed of, or as may remain on hand, and shall not embrace the specie accounts for moneys disbursed by such officers, agents, or other persons; which specie accounts shall be rendered, as heretofore, to the accountant for the War Department. Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive money in advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and disburse- ments, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly summary state- ments thereof to the Secretar} 7 of the said Department as he may prescribe. And the quarterly accounts of supplies, or of moneys ren- dered as aforesaid, shall be respectively settled by the superintendent- general of military supplies and by the accountant of the War Department, according to their respective authorities, within three months after the time when such accounts shall have, respectively, been rendered to them. Sec. 5. That the Secretary for the War Department shall be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to define and prescribe the species, as well as the amount, of supplies to be respectively purchased by the Commissary-General's . . . departments, and the respective duties and powers of the said departments respecting such purchases. * * * Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, empowered, as he may deem it expedient, either to appoint for the time being a special commissary or commissaries for the purpose of supplying, by purchase or contract, and of issuing, or to authorize any officer or officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department to supply and issue, as aforesaid, the whole or any part of the subsistence of the Army in all cases where, either from the want of contractors, or from any deficiency on their part, or from any other contingency, such measure may be proper and necessary in order to insure the sub- sistence of the Army, or any part thereof; and such special commis- saries shall, each, whilstemployed, be entitled to the pay and emoluments of a deputy quartermaster-general. 1 The superintendent-general of military supplies, authorized to be appointed under this act, was not a staff officer, but a civilian, with a salary of $3,000 per annum. His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every description purchased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 337 Sec. 9. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint not exceeding six assistant commissaries, to be attached to sueli Army, or to reside at such places, respectively, as the Secretary for the War Department may direct, for the purpose of receiving from the commissary -general of purchases, or from his depu- ties, and of distributing to the regimental quartermasters, and to such officers as may by the Secretary aforesaid be designated, the clothing and other supplies purchased by the Commissary-General aforesaid, or his deputies, and destined for the use of the troops belonging to the Army, or in the vicinity of the place to which such assistant commis- saries may, respectively, be attached. And said assistant commissaries shall, whilst employed, be entitled to the pay and emoluments of a deputy quartermaster-general. Act of March 30, 1814 (3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. * . * * Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing to be issued annually to the troops of the United States. Act of December 15, 1814 (3 Stats., 151). AN ACT directing the staff officers of the Army to comply with the requisitions of naval and marine officers in certain cases. That it shall be the duty of the several officers of the staff of the Army of the United States to provide the officers, seamen, and marines of the Navy of the United States, when acting, or proceeding to act, on shore, in cooperation with the land troops, upon the requisition of the commanding naval or marine officer of any such detachment of seamen or marines, under order to act as aforesaid, with rations: . Provided, nevertJieless, That the contract price of the rations which may be furnished shall be reimbursed out of the appropriations for the support of the Navy. May 17, 1815. . . . The acts of Congress establishing . . . the office of the commissary-general of purchases, . . . remain in force. . . . (General Orders, A. and I. G.'n Office.) Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff aners was fixed at $1,200 by the act of August 23, 1842(5-512). 340 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary -of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Act of May 18, 1826 (4 Stats., 173). AN ACT regulating the accountability for clothing and equipage issued to the Army of the United States and for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster's Department, in addition to its present duties, to receive from the purchasing depart- ment and distribute to the Army of the United States all clothing and camp and garrison equipage required for the use of the troops. . . . * * * Act of March 2, 1827 {4 Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. * * * Sec. 4. That the . . . Commissary-General ... be author- ized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage. . . . Act of March 2, 1829 (4 Stats., 360). AN ACT to continue the present mode of supplying the Army of the United States. That the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth sections of the act entitled "An act regulating the staff of the Army of the United States," passed April the fourteenth, eighteen hundred and eighteen, and the eighth section of the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," passed March the second, eighteen hundred and twenty-one, are hereby continued in force for five years from the passing of this act, and thence to the end of the next session of Congress thereafter, and no longer. Sec. 2. That the better to enable the Commissary-General of Subsist- ence to carry into effect the provisions of the above specified acts there be appointed two commissaries, to be taken from the line of the Army, one of whom shall have the same rank, pay, and emoluments as quar- termaster, and the other with the rank, pay, and emoluments of assist- ant quartermaster. Act of June 30, 1834. (4 Stats., 736). AN ACT to provide- for the organization of the Department of Indian Affairs. * * * Sec. 16. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause such rations as he shall judge proper, and as can be spared from THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 341 the army provisions without injury to the service, to be issued, under such regulations as he shall think fit to establish, to Indians who may visit the military posts or agencies of the United States on the fron- tiers, or in their respective nations, and a special account of such issues shall be kept and rendered. Resolution of February 1, 1836 (5 Stats., 131). RESOLUTION authorizing the President to furnish rations to certain inhabitants of Florida. That the President of the United States be authorized to cause rations to be delivered from the public stores to the unfortunate suf- ferers who are unable to provide for themselves and who have been driven from their homes by Indian depredations in Florida, until they can be reestablished in their possessions, or so long- as the President shall consider it necessary. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 11. That there be added to the commissariat of subsistence one assistant commissary -general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; one commissary of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a quartermaster of the Army, and three commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of assistant quartermasters. * * * Sec. 17. That the allowance of sugar and coffee to the noncommis- sioned officers, musicians, and privates, in lieu of the spirit or whiskey component part of the army ration now directed by regulation, shall be fixed at six pounds of coffee and twelve pounds of sugar to every one hundred rations, to be issued weekly when it can be done with convenience to the public service, and when not so issued to be paid for in money. Act of July 7, 1838 {5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * # * Seventh. That the throe assistant commissaries of subsistence author- ized by said act shall not be separated from the line of the Army. 342 LEGISLATIVE HLJTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Ace of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512). AX ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes. Sec. 3. That the office of Commissary-General of Purchases, some- times called Commissary of Purchases, shall be, and the same is hereby, abolished, and the duties thereof shall hereafter be performed by tne officers of the Quartermaster's Department, with such of the officers and clerks now attached to the purchasing department as shall be authorized by the Sacretary of "War, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the said Secretary, under the sanction of the President of the United States. Act of June 18, 181fi (9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an Act entitled "An Act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico/' and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States in such numbers that the officers of the . . . commissary . . . departments, authorized by law, be not suffi- cient to provide for supplying . . . them . . . , it shall be lawful for the President to appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, as many additioi al officers of said departments as the service may require, not exceeding . . . one commissary for each brigade, with the runk cf major, and . . . one assistant commissary, with the rank of captain, . . . for each regiment; the said . . . commissaries, . . . and assistant commissaries, to give bonds, with good and sufficient sureties, for the faithful performance of their duties; and they ... to perform such duties as the President shall direct: Provided, That the said officers shall be allowed tho same pay and emoluments as are now allowed to officers of the same descrip- tions and grades in those departments ; that they be subject to the rules and articles of war, and continue in service only so long as their services shall be required, in connection with the militia and volunteers. * * * July 10, 1848(9-246). Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of September 26, 1850 {9 Stats., Ifi9). AN ACT to increase the commissariat of the United States Army. That there be added to the Subsistence Department four commissaries of subsistence, with the rank of captain, to be taken from the line of the Army. * * * September 28, 1850 (9-504). Moneys received from the sale of subsistence, military stores, and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 348 Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis- abled soldiers of the Army of the United States. * * * That . . . the Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . . shall be, ex officio, comissioners of the same, . . . * * * Act of June 21, 1860 (12 Stats., 64). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 4. That the allowance of sugar and coffee ... as fixed by the seventeenth section of the act of the fifth of July, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, shall hereafter be ten pounds of coffee and fifteen pounds of sugar for every one hundred rations. * * * Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixtv-one. * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be author- ized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War and Navy Departments for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shadl not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms nor military sup- plies whatever which are of a patented invention shall be purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law and the appropriation therefor explic- itly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., 147). g appropriations for the naval se tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. AX ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thir- \'ht Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of 344 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY *0F GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY. the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty -one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. . Act of March 2, 1861 {12 Stats., 214). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropria- tions for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Govern- ment for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of July 22, 1861 {12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property. * * * Sec. 3. Each brigade shall . . . have . . . one commissary of subsistence. Act of Augwt S, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. * * * Sec. 2. . . . that there shall be added to the Subsistence Depart- ment four commissaries of subsistence, each with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of cavalry; and eight commissaries of subsist- ence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a captain of cavalry, and to be taken from the line of the Army, either of the Volunteers or Regular Army. * * * Sec. 13. That the arnry ration shall be increased as follows, viz: Twenty-two ounces of bread or flour, or one pound of hard bread, THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 345 instead of the present issue; fresh beef shall be issued as often as the commanding officer of any detachment or regiment shall require it, when practicable, in place of salt meat; beans and rice or hominy shall be issued in the same ration in the proportions now provided by the regulation, and one pound of potatoes per man shall be issued at least three times a week, if practicable; and when these articles cannot be issued in these proportions, an equivalent in value shall be issued in some other proper food, and a ration of tea may be substituted for a ration of coffee upon the requisition of the proper officer: Provided, That after the present insurrection shall cease the ration shall be as provided by law and regulations on the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty -one. Act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stats., 505). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropria- tions for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty- two, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the Secretary of War be authorized to commute the army ration of coffee and sugar for the extract of coffee, combined with milk and sugar, to be procured in the same manner and with like restrictions and guaranties as preserved meats, pickles, butter, and desiccated vegetables are procured for the Navy, if he shall believe it will be conducive to the health and comfort of the Army, and not more expensive to the Government than the present ration, and if it shall be acceptable to the men. * * * July 17, 1862 {12-594)- Contractors for subsistence, clothing, etc., guilty of fraud to he subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by sec. 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all inspectors of military supplies. Act' of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the Acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That each Army Corps shall have . . . one commissary of subsistence, . . . , who shall bear, . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volun- teer force by the President. . . . Act of F(hruary9, 1863 (12 Stats., 648). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Commissary Department. That there shall be added to the Subsistence Department of the Army one brigadier-general, to be selected from the Subsistence Department, who shall be Commissary-General of Subsistence, and by regular pro- 346 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. motion, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and two majors; the col- onel and lieutenant-colonel to be assistant commissaries-general of subsistence; and that vacancies in the above-mentioned grades shall be filled by regular promotions in said department. And the vacancies created by promotions herein authorized may be filled by selection from the officers of the regular or volunteer force. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 74$). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes. Sec. 11. That the army ration shall hereafter include pepper, in the proportion of four ounces to every hundred rations. * * * Act of June 20, 186 If. (13 Stats., 1U). AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other purposes. * . * * Sec. 2. That the army ration shall hereafter be the same as pro- vided by law and regulations on the first day of July, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-one: Provided, That the ration of pepper prescribed in the eleventh section of the "Act to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes," approved March three, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, shall continue to be issued as heretofore. . . . Act of June 25, 1864 (13 Stats., 181). AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army. That every . . . commissary and assistant commissary of sub- sistence . . . shall, as soon as practicable, be ordered to appear for examination as to his qualifications before a board to be composed of three staff officers of the corps to which he belongs, of recognized merit and fitness, of whom two at least shall be officers of volunteers, which board shall make a careful examination as to the qualifications of all officers who may appear before them in pursuance of this act, and shall also keep minutes and make a full and true record of the examination in each case. And all members of such boards of exami- nation shall, before proceeding to the discharge of their duties as herein provided, swear or affirm that they will conduct all examinations with impartiality, and with the sole view to the qualifications of the person or persons to be examined, and that they will not divulge the vote of any member upon the examination of any officer who may appear before them. Sec. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened under the direction of the Secretary of War, by the . . . Commissary- General of Subsistence ... at convenient places; and general rules of examination and a standard of qualifications shall be prescribed TfiE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 347 by said officers subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, and shall be published in general orders. Sec. 3. That after such general orders shall have been published for sixty days, if any officer who shall then be ordered before a board of examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty days, after receiving such special orders, to report himself as directed, all his pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited until he does appear and report for examination; and if he shall thereafter fail for a further period of thirty days so to appear, he shall thereupon be dropped from the rolls of the Army : Provided, however, That if such failure to appear and report shall have been occasioned by wounds or sickness, or other physical disability, then there shall be no forfeiture of pay until thirty days after such disability has been removed; but if in sixty days after the disability is removed the officer shall not report himself, he shall then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases. Sec. 4. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer does not possess the requisite business qualifications, they shall forward the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau to which he may belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve the finding and report of the board, he shall forward the same through the Secretary of War to the President of the United States, and if the President shall confirm the same, the officer so failing in his examination shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the service with one month's pay, and if not yet commissioned, his appointment shall be revoked. And if the board shall report that any officer fails to pass a satisfactory examination by reason of intemperance, gambling, or other immorality, and if the head of the bureau shall approve the finding and report of the board, and the same being communicated, as before provided, to the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall be dismissed from the service without pay, and shall not be permitted to reenter the service as an officer: Provided, That such dismissal shall not relieve him from liability under existing laws for any offense he may have committed. Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their records of examination to the heads of the bureaus to which they appertain, and such records shall be filed in the proper bureaus with a suitable index, and any officer who may desire it snail be entitled to receive a copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying the same. Act of July 4, 186 4 (1$ Stats., 381). AN ACT to restrict the jurisdiction of the Court of Claims, and to provide for the pay- nifiit of certain demands for quartermaster's stores and subsistence supplies fur- nished to the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That all claims of loyal citizens in States not in rebellion, for subsistence actually furnished to said Armv and receipted for by the proper officer receiving the same, or whicfi may have been taken by such officer without giving such receipt, may be submitted to the Com- missary-General of Subsistence, accompanied with such proof as each claimant may have to offer; and it shall be the duty of the Commissary- General of subsistence to cause each claim to be examined, and, if con- vinced that it is just, and of the loyalty of the claimant, and that the 348 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. stores have been actually received or taken for the use of and used by said Army, then to report each case for payment to the Third Auditor of the Treasury with a recommendation for settlement. March 3, 1865 (13-495). Commissaries of subsistence may sell rations at cost prices to officers in the field; tobacco, not exceeding 16 ounces per month, may be sold to enlisted men at cost prices, exclusive of cost of transportation. March 3, 1865 (13-507). Provisions and clothing may be issued to destitute refu- gees and freedmen. Act of March 3, 1865 (13 Stats., 513). AN ACT for the better organization of the Subsistence Department. That during the continuance of the present rebellion, the Secretary of War may, when in his judgment it is necessary, assign to each geo graphical military division, to each separate army in the field consist ing of more than one army corps, to each military department, and to each principal subsistence depot, not exceeding ten in number, an offi- cer of the Subsistence Department to act as chief commissary of such military division, army, military department, or depot, and also an officer of the Subsistence Department as assistant in the office of the Commissary-General of Subsistence, each of whom, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of the Subsistence Department; and in like manner may assign, for pur- poses of inspection or other special duty in the Subsistence Depart- ment, commissaries of subsistence, not exceeding six in number, each of whom, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of the Subsistence Department; and to each army corps an officer of the Subsistence Department to be chief commissary of the corps, with the like rank of lieutenant-colonel; and in like manner may assign to each division of two or more brigades a commissary, who, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of the Subsistence Department: Pro- vided, That when any one of said officers is relieved from said duty, his increased rank, pay, and emoluments allowed because of such assignment shall cease, and he shall return to his commissioned rank in the Subsistence Department: And provided further , That the officers authorized to be assigned by this act shall be selected for each grade from the commissaries of subsistence who hold commissions or rank in the volunteer service and in the regular Subsistence Department in proportion to the number of each of said classes, respectively, in service at the date of the passage of this act. * * * July 35, 1866 (14^364).^- Commutation of rations at cost price to be paid to soldiers, held as prisoners of war, during period of confinement. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * Sec. 16. That the Subsistence Department of the Army shall here- after consist of the number of officers now authorized by law, viz: One Commissary-General of Subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of a brigadier- general; two assistant commissaries-general of THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. i 349 subsistence, with the rank, pa}% and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; two assistant commissaries-general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; eight commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; and sixteen commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence shall hereafter be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong, . . . * * * Sec. 25. . . . the Subsistence Department is hereby authorized and required to furnish such articles as may from time to time be designated by the inspectors-general of the Army, the same to be sold to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, . . . : Provided, That this section shall not go into effect until the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. * * * January 31, 1868 {14-246). Surplus desiccated potatoes and mixed vegetables may be issued to all classes of destitute persons in the South. June 11, 1868 {15-253) . Rations to be issued to Professor Powell's expedition engaged in exploration of the Colorado River. Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Commissary Depart- ment, . . . * * * February 15, 1870 {16-65). Necessary supplies may be furnished to the poor and destitute of the District of Columbia. Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 1>85). AN ACT to provide for the better care and protection of subsistence supplies. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and em- Eowered to select from the sergeants of the line of the Army who shall ave faithfully served therein five years, three years of which in the grade of noncommissioned officer, as many commissary-sergeants as the service may require, not to exceed .one for each military post or place of deposit of subsistence supplies, whose duty it shall be to receive and preserve the subsistence supplies at the posts, under the direction of the proper officers of the subsistence Department, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of \V;u\ The commissary -sergeants hereby authorized shall bo subject to the rules and Articles of War, and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants. April 23, 1874 {18-34). Temporary issue of supplies of food may be made for the relief of the sufferers by the overflow of the Lower Mississippi River. [By the act of May 13, 1*74 (18-46) the authority given was to expire September 1, 1874.] Mam 28, 1874 {18-287). Rations to be issued to destitute people on the Tombigbee, Warrior, and Alabama rivers. 350 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 23, 18? % (18 Stats., %U). AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. * * * Sec. 3. That hereafter there shall be three assistant commissaries- general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieu- tenant-colonel, instead of the two now allowed by law of said grade in the Subsistence Department; that the number of commissaries of sub- sistence with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry is hereby reduced to twelve, and no appointment to fill a vacancy in said grade shall be made until the number thereof shall be reduced to twelve, and the number thereafter shall remain fixed at twelve. * * * Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff. * * * Sec. 8. That so much of section six of an act entitled ' 'An act mak- ing appropriations for the support ot the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the . . . Subsistence . . . Departments of the Army be, and the same is hereby, repealed . . . February 10, 1875 (18-314). Rations to be issued to persons on the Western frontier made destitute by grasshoppers. This act to expire September 1, 1875. REVISED STATUTES 2nd edition 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * A SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. Sec. 1134. Assistant quartermasters shall do duty as assistant com- missaries of subsistence when so ordered by the Secretary of War. * * * Sec. 1140. The Subsistence Department of the Army shall consist of one Commissary-General of Subsistence, with the rank of brigadier- general; two assistant commissaries-general of subsistence, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; two assistant commissaries-general of sub- sistence, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; eight com- missaries of subsistence, with the rank of major of cavalry, and sixteen commissaries of subsistence, with the rank of captain of cavalry. Sec. 1141. It shall be the duty of the officers of the Subsistence Department, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to purchase and issue to the Army such supplies as enter into the composition of the ration. Sec. 1142. The Secretary of War is authorized to select from the sergeants of the line of the Army, who shall have faithfully served therein five years, three years of which in the grade of noncommis- sioned officers, as many commissary sergeants as the service may THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 851 require, not to exceed one for each military post or place of deposit of subsistence supplies, whose duty it shall be to receive and preserve the subsistence supplies at the posts, under the direction of the proper officers of the Subsistence Department and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War. The commissary ser- geants hereby authorized shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants. Sec. 1143. The officers of the Subsistence Department shall, upon the requisition of the naval or marine officer commanding any detach- ment of seamen or marines under orders to act on shore, in cooperation with the land troops, and during the time such detachment is so act- ing or proceeding to act, furnish rations to the officers, seamen, and marines of the same. Sec. 1144.. The officers of the Subsistence Department shall procure, and keep for sale to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, for cash or on credit, such articles as may, from time to time, be designated by the inspectors-general of the Army. An account of all sales on credit shall be kept, and the amount due for the same shall be reported monthly to the Paymaster-General. * * * Sec. 1146. Each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, and at the rate of ten pounds of coffee, fifteen pounds of sugar, two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four ounces of pep- Eer, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a half of candles to every undred rations. The President may make such alterations in the component parts of the rations as a due regard to the health and com- fort of the Army and economy may require. Sec. 1147. The Secretary of War may commute the rations of coffee and sugar for the extract of coffee combined with milk and sugar, if he shall believe such commutation to be conducive to the health and comfort of the Army, and not to be more expensive to the Govern- ment than the present ration, provided the same shall be acceptable to the men. Sec. 1148. The ration of sugar and coffee, when issued in kind, shall, when the convenience of the service permits, be issued weekly. Sec. 1149. Tobacco shall be furnished to the enlisted men by the commissaries of subsistence, at cost prices, exclusive of the cost of transportation, in such quantities as tncy may require, not exceeding sixteen ounces per month. Sec. 1150. No officer belonging to the Subsistence Department, or doing the duty of a subsistence officer, shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale of any article entering into the com- position of the rations allowed to troops in the service of the United States, or of any article designated by the inspectors-general of the Army and furnished for sale to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, or of tobacco furnished for sale to enlisted men, except on account of the United States; nor shall any such officer take or apply to his own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business connected with the duties of his office, other than that which may bo allowed by law. * * * Sec. 1191. All officers of the . . . Subsistence . . . depart- ments, . . . shall, before entering upon the duties of their respec- 352 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tive offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public moneys and property which they ma} r receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so prescribed. . . . ->: * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . Subsistence . . . departments. * * * Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated b}^ the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1293. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance shall be entitled to receive one ration and a half daily. Other enlisted men shall be entitled to receive one ration daily. Sec. 1294. For each ration of sugar and coffee not issued, nor com- muted for the extract of coffee combined with milk and sugar, enlisted men shall be paid in money. * * * Sec. 1647. . . . Each brigade [of militia called in service] . . . shall have . . . one commissary of subsistence. . . . * * * Sec. 1655. When the militia in the military service of the United States are employed on the Western frontiers, there shall be allowed two ounces of flour or bread and two ounces of beef or pork, in addi- tion to each of their rations, and half a pint of salt, in addition to eveiy hundred of their rations. -X- ft * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the militaiy . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the departments of war. . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such .supplies or services are required, subject, neverthe- less, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. . . . Sec. 3715. Contracts for subsistence supplies for the Army, made by the Commissary-General, on public notice, shall provide for a com- plete delivery of such articles, on inspection, at such places as shall be stipulated. * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchases on behalf of the United States shall be made, unless the same is authorized^ by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments, for . . . subsistence . . . , which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. * * * Sec. 4815. The Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . . shall constitute a board of commissioners for the Soldiers' Home. . . . THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 353 STATUTES AT LARGE. June 23, 1879 {-21-30). To the cost of all stores and other articles sold to officers and men, except tobacco, ten per centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other incidental charges. Act of May 4, 1880 {21 Stats., 110). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That to the cost of all stores and other articles sold to officers and men, except tobacco, as provided for in section one thousand one hundred and forty -nine of the Revised Statutes, ten per centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other inci- dental charges, save that subsistence supplies may be sold to companies, detachments, and hospitals at cost prices, not including cost of trans- portation upon the certificate of an officer commanding a company or detachment or in charge of a hospital, that the supplies are necessary for the exclusive use of such compan}^, detachment, or hospital. * * -* May 4, 1880 {21-306). Authorizes issue of 4,000 rations for the use of the sufferers made destitute by the cyclone at Macon, Miss. February 24, 1881 (21-346). The cost price of articles sold by the Subsistence Department to officers and men shall be understood, in all cases, to be the invoice price of the last lot of that article received by the officer by whom the sale is made. February 25, 1882 (22-378). Rations may be issued for the relief of sufferers from the overflow of the Mississippi River. Additional appropriation for the purpose was made by joint resolution of March 21, 1882 (22-379), and joint resolution of April 25, 1890 (26-671). Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 1,56). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. PAY DEPARTMENT. For pay of the Army. . . . Provided, . . . and here- after vacancies occurring in the . . . Commissary Departments of the Army may, in the discretion of the President, be filled from civil life. Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 561,). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . , the Commissary -General, . X- * ;; February 12, 1884 (28-267). Subsistence stores may bo issued to destitute persons in the district overflowed by the Ohio River and its tributaries. Additional appro- priation for this purpose was made liv resolution of February 15, 1884 (23-268). March ..'7, 1884 (23-269). Not exceeding $125,000 of the appropriation for the S. Doc. 229 23 354 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Ohio sufferers may be used for the relief of destitute persons in the district overflowed by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. . Resolution of June 7, 1884 (23-273) , allows for same purpose the unexpended appropriation for the relief of the Ohio sufferers. Act of July 5, 1884. (23 Stats., 107). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. Subsistence of the Army. . . . Provided, That hereafter all sales of subsistence supplies to officers and enlisted men shall be made at cost price only; and the cost price of each article shall be under- stood, in all cases of such sales, to be the invoice price of the last lot of the article received by the officers making the sale prior to the first day of the month in which the sale is made. ... Quartermaster's Department. . . . Provided, That here- after all purchases of regular and miscellaneous supplies for the Army furnished by the . . . Commissary Department for immediate use shall be made by the officers of such department under direction of the Secretary of War, at the places nearest the points where they are needed, the conditions of cost and quality being equal: Provided also, That all purchases of said supplies, except in cases of emergency, which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his approval, shall be made by contract after public notice of not less than ten days for small amounts for immediate use, and of not less than from thirty to sixty days whenever in the opinion of the Secre- tary of War the circumstances of the case and conditions of the serv- ice shall warrant such extension of time. The award in every case shall be made to the lowest responsible bidder for the best and most suitable article, the right being reserved to reject an} r and all bids. The . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence shall report promptly all purchases of supplies made by his department, with their cost price and place of delivery, to the Secretary of War, for trans- mission to Congress annually. * -X- April 25, 1890 (26-671) . Authorizes purchase of subsistence stores for the relief of such destitute persons as require assistance in the district recently overflowed by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Act o/Jurie 16, 1890 (26 Stats., 157). AN ACT to prevent desertions from the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That the army ration now provided by law shall be increased by the addition thereto of one pound of vegetables, the proportion to be fixed by the Secretar}" of ^ ar. Act of March 29, 1894- (28 Stats., P). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Commissary-General of Subsist- THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 355 ence . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debiting on the proper account any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public property arising from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233). AX ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. . . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Subsistence Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. Act of February 12, 1895 (28 Stats., 654). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. /. Subsistence Department: . . . Provided, That there shall be no appointment of commissary of subsistence with the rank of captain until the number of such officers in that grade shall be reduced below eight, and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be fixed at eight. a * March 2, 1895 (28-764), abolishes section 229, Revised Statutes, requiring annual statement of contracts for supplies or services. April 7, 1897 {30-219). Rations to be issued for the relief of destitute persons in districts overflowed by the Mississippi River and the Red River of the North. Pro- vision repeated in joint resolution of June 9, 1897 (30-221). May 27, 1897 {30-220), authorizes purchase of food for the relief of destitute citi- zens of the United States in Cuba. December 18, 1897 {30-226). Subsistence stores to lie issued for the relief of per- sons in the Yukon River country. Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the I nited States in time of war, and for other purposes. * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . one chief commissary of subsistence, who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel; The staff of the commander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief commissary of subsistence, . . . who shall have . . . 356 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the rank of major, . . . The staff of the commander of a brigade shall consist of one commissary of subsistence, . . . with the rank of captain, . . . * tt * May 18, 1898 {30-419). Prescribes modes of issuing subsistence stores to the destitute inhabitants of Cuba. Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 7 IS.) AX ACT to increase the efficiency of the Subsistence Department of the Army. That during the existence of the present war, and for not exceeding one year thereafter, every commissary of subsistence, of whatever rank, who shall be assigned to the duty of purchasing and shipping subsistence supplies at important depots shall have the rank next above that held by him and not above colonel, but the number so assigned shall only be such as may be found necessary, not exceeding- twelve; also, that the two commissaries of subsistence who may be detailed as assistants to the Commissary-General of Subsistence shall have the rank of colonel, provided that when any such officer is relieved from said duty his temporary rank, pay, and emoluments shall cease, and he shall return to his lineal rank in the Department. Sec. 2. That there is hereby authorized to be added to the subsist- ence department in the volunteer service during the present war, and not to exceed one year thereafter, eight majors and twelve captains for the discharge of such subsistence duties as may be assigned to them by the Secretary of War, to be nominated and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to be appointed by the President. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of . . . , a Subsistence Depart- ment. . . . * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . , Subsistence Department, . . . shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: . . . * * * Sec. 11. That so much of the act approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as authorizes the assignment of certain officers of the . . . subsistence departments with increased rank, and the continuance in service of certain volunteer officers of these departments for a period of one year after the close of the present war, is repealed. X- * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service, or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Six commissaries of subsistence with the rank of major, and twelve assistant commissaries of subsistence with the rank of captain. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 357 Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stats., 1064). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the regular and volunteer army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred. * * * [The total appropriation for the Subsistence Department] to be dis- bursed and accounted for as "Subsistence of the Army," and for that purpose shall constitute one fund. * * * Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... . a Subsistence Department, ... * # * Sec. 17. That the Subsistence Department shall consist of one Com- missary-General with the rank of brigadier-general, three assistant commissaries-general with the rank of colonel, four deputy commis- saries-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, nine commissaries with the rank of major, twenty-seven commissaries with the rank of captain, mounted, and the number of commissary-sergeants now authorized by law, who shall hereafter be known as post commissary- sergeants: Provided, That all vacancies in the grades of colonel, lieu- tenant-colonel, and major, created or caused by this section, shall be filled by promotion, according to seniority, as now prescribed by law. That to fill original vacancies in the grade of captain, created by this act. in the Subsistence Department, the President is authorized to appoint officers of volunteers commissioned in the Subsistence Depart- ment since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. * * - Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding permanent appointments in the . . . Subsistence Department, including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted accord- ing to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the offi- cers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President ina} r from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible 358 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. for selection in any staff department until the}? - shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. * * * Sec. 40. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to pre- scribe the kinds and quantities of the component articles of the army ration, and to direct the issue of substitutive equivalent articles in place of any such components whenever, in his opinion, economy and a due regard to the health and comfort of the troops may so require. Act of March 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. ft :: Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in the grade of captain in the . . . Subsistence Department . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . . VII -THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 359 THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. July 27, 1775, Congress created an Hospital Department for the Army, its chief being designated as Director-General and Chief Phy- sician. By the resolution of April 7, 1777, Congress adopted the scheme for a Medical Department prepared by the Army Medical Committee of Congress, based on the organization of the British service and accepted because it was so, for, as General Washington said, " The number of officers mentioned in the inclosed plan I presume are nec- essary for us, because they are found so in the British hospitals." For some years subsequent to the close of the Revolutionary war the Army consisted of troops enlisted for short terms of service, with no provision for medical service other than that afforded by regimental medical officers. The act of March 16, 1802, allowed two surgeons and twent}'-five mates as the peace establishment, and by the act of April 12, 1808, the President was authorized to appoint such number of hospital surgeons and surgeons' mates as the service might require. There was, however, no provision made for a chief of the Department until, under the act of March 3, 1813, the office of Physician and Surgeon-General was created; but the act of April 11, 1818, gave to the Medical Department, for the first time in its history, a permanent chief under the title of ""Surgeon-General." 1775-1783. Director- General and Chief Physician. July 27, 1775. Dr. Benjamin Church (Massachusetts). Sept 14, 1775. Dr. Samuel Stringer (Maryland), Northern Department. Oct. 17, 1775. Dr. John Morgan (Pennsylvania). l)incti,r-( iencral. Apr. 11, 1777. Dr. William Shippen, jr. (Pennsylvania). M;ir. '12, 1780. Dr. David Oliphant (South Carolina), of hospitals in South Carolina. Jan. 17, 1781. Dr. John Cochran (Pennsylvania). I'lii/xicitin-General. Apr. 11, 1777. i)r. Malachi Treat (New York), Northern Department. Dr. Amini Kuhamah Cutler (New Hampshire), Eastern Department Dr. Walter Jones (Virginia), Middle Department July 1, 1777. Dr. Benjamin Rush (Pennsylvania), Middle Department July 2, 1777. Dr. William Brown (Virginia), Middle Department Sufij, i,n-( '/< nrral. Apr. 11, 1777. Dr. Francis Forgue (Connecticut), Northern Department. Dr. Philip Turner (Connecticut), Eastern -Department. Dr. Benjamin Rush (Pennsylvania), Middle Department. July 2, 1777. Dr. William Brown (Virginia), Middle Department Feb. 21, 1778. Dr. Charles McKnight (Pennsylvania), Middle Department 361 362 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. Physician and Surgeon-General. Apr. 11, 1777. Dr. John Bartlett (Rhode Island), Northern Department. Dr. William Burnet (New Jersey), Eastern Department. Dr. John Cochran (Pennsylvania), Middle Department. Chief Physician and Surgeon. Oct. 6, 1780. Dr. John Cochran (Pennsylvania). Mar. 3, 1781. Dr. James Craik (Virginia). Mar. 5, 1781. Dr. William Burnet (New Jersey). Chief Physician. July 15,1776. Dr. William Shippen (Pennsylvania), for the flying camp. May 15, 1781. Dr. Peter Fayssoux (South Carolina) , of hospital in southern army. Dr. James Brown ( ) , of the southern army. Purveyor. Oct. 6,1780. Dr. Thomas Bond, jr. (Pennsylvania). Apothecary. Oct. 7,1780. Dr. Andrew Craigie (Massachusetts). 1789-1901. Physician- General. July 19, 1798. Dr. James Craig (Virginia). Physician and Surgeon-General. June 11, 1813. Dr. James Tilton (Delaware). Apothecary- General. June 11, 1813. Dr. Francis le Baron (Massachusetts). Surgeon- General. Apr. 18,1818. Dr. Joseph Lovell (Massachusetts). Nov. 30,1836. Dr. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., May 30, 1848) Thomas Lawson (Virginia). May 15, 1861. Dr. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., March 13, 1865) Clement A. Finley (Ohio). Apr. 25,1862. Brig. Gen. William A. Hammond (Maryland). Aug. 22, 1864. Brig. Gen. Joseph K. Barnes (Pennsylvania) . July 3,1882. Brig. Gen. Charles H. Crane (Massachusetts). Nov. 23, 1883. Brig. Gen. Robert Murray (Maryland). Nov. 18, 1886. Brig. Gen. John Moore (Indiana). Aug. 16, 1890. Brig. Gen. Jedediah H. Baxter (Vermont). Dec. 30,1890. Brig. Gen. Charles Sutherland (Pennsylvania). May 30, 1893. Brig. Gen. George M. Sternberg (New York). THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. July 19, 1775. Resolved, . . . That a committee of three be appointed to report the method of establishing an hospital. The committee chosen are, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Paine, and Mr. Middleton. July 27, 1775. The Congress took into consideration the report of the committee on establishing an hospital for the Army, and the same being debated, was agreed to as follows: That for the establishment of an hospital for the Army, consisting of twenty thousand men, the following officers ... be appointed, with the following allowance or pay, viz: One director-general and chief physician, his pay per day, four dollars. Four surgeons, each ditto, one and one-third of a dollar. One apothecary, ditto, one and one-third of a dollar. Twenty surgeons' mates, each ditto, two-thirds of a dollar. One clerk, ditto, two-thirds of a dollar. Four storekeepers, each four dollars per month. One nurse to every ten sick, one-fifteenth of a dollar per daj r , or two dollars per month. Laborers occasionally. THE DUTY OF THE ABOVE OFFICERS. The director to furnish medicines, bedding, and all other necessaries, to pay for the same, superintend the whole, and make his report to and receive orders from the Commander in Chief. Surgeons, apothecaries, and mates to. visit and attend the sick, and the mates to obey the orders of the physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries. Matron to superintend the nurses, bedding, etc. Clerk to keep accounts for the director and storekeepers. Storekeeper to receive and deliver the bedding and other neces- saries by order of the director. The Congress then proceeded to the election of officers for the hos- pital, when Benjamin Church was unanimously elected to be director of, and physician in, the hospital. 363 364 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved, That the appointment of the four surgeons and the apoth- ecary be left to Doctor B. Church. That the mates be appointed by the surgeons. That the number of mates do not exceed twenty. That the number be not kept in constant pay, unless the sick and wounded should be so numerous as to require the attendance of twenty, and to be diminished as circumstances will admit; for which purpose the pay is fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for actual service. That owe clerk, two storekeepers, and one nurse to every ten sick be appointed by the director. September U, 1775. Resolved, That Samuel Stringer, esq., be appointed director of the hospital and chief physician and surgeon for the Army in the northern department. That the pay of the said Samuel Stringer, as director, physician, and surgeon, be four dollars per day. That he be authorized and have power to appoint a number of sur- geons' mates under him, not exceeding four. That the pay of said mates be two-thirds of a dollar per day. That the number be not kept in constant pay, unless the sick and wounded be so numerous as to require the constant attendance of four, and to be diminished as circumstances will admit, for which reason the pay is fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for actual service. That the deputy commissary -general be directed to pay Dr. Stringer for the medicines he has purchased for the use of the Army, and that he purchase and forward such other medicines as General Schuyler shall, by his warrant, direct for the use of said Army. That Mr. Dyer, Mr. Lynch, Mr. Jay, Mr. J. Adams, and Mr. Lewis be a committee to devise ways and means for supplying the Continental Army with medicines. September 23, 1775. Ordered, That the committee appointed to devise ways and means of supplying the Army with medicines do buy a parcel of drugs in the hands of Mr. Rapalje, which he offers at prime cost. October 3, 1775. "Doctor Isaac Foster, to take the direction and superintendency of the general hospital until further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters [no place given] . ) October 14, 1775. Dr. Church was arrested for holding correspondence with the enemy. October 17, 1775. The Congress proceeded to the election Ol a director-general and chief physician of the hospital [in Massachusetts Bay], in the room of Dr. Church, and the ballots being examined, Dr. John Morgan, of Philadelphia, was elected. January 3, 1776. Resolved, That the following goods and stores ought to be imported as soon as possible for the use of the United Colonies, viz: THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 365 Medicines, surgeons' instruments, lint and bandages, in the whole to the amount of 2,000 sterling. * * * Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered and directed to pursue the most effectual measures for importing the foregoing articles. March 1, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to treat with the owners of some medicines lately imported, and to purchase the same on the most reasonable terms for the use of the continent. May 3, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to send two hun- dred pounds of Peruvian bark to the commanding officer in Virginia for the use of the Continental forces in the southern department. May 11, 1776. Resolved, That two sets of trepanning instruments be sent to Vir- ginia for the use of the surgeons of the Continental troops there; and that two sets of trepanning instruments and 100 lbs. of Peruvian bark be sent to North Carolina for the use of the Continental troops in that colony. May 18, 1776. The Congress then proceeded to the election of a director of the hospital in Virginia, and the ballots being taken, William Rickman was elected. Resolved, That the hospital in Virginia be on the same establish- ment, and the pay of the officers thereof the same, as the hospital established in the eastern department; That two surgeons, one apothecary, six mates ... be allowed to the hospital in Virginia; That the director be empowered to nominate the surgeons and apothecary; That the mates be appointed by the surgeons, and that the number of the mates be diminished as circumstances will admit; for which rea- son the pay is fixed by the day, that they may only receive pay for actual services. June 17, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the committee appointed to provide medi- cines be directed to send a proper assortment of medicines to Canada. June 18, 1776. Iusnlr, solved, That the medical committee be directed to apply to the council of safet} r of Pennsylvania for a quantity of medicines, to be repaid in kind or in cash, as they shall choose. 368 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. September 30, 1776. Resolved, . . . That it be recommended to the legislatures of the United States to appoint gentlemen in their respective States, skillful in physic and surgery, to examine those who offer to serve as sur- geons or surgeons' mates in the Army . . . and that no surgeon or mate shall hereafter receive a commission or warrant to act as such in the Army . . . who shall not produce a certificate from some one of the examiners to be appointed, to prove that he is qualified to execute the office. That all regimental surgeons and mates, as well as those of the hos- pital, be subject to the direction and control of the directors in the several departments. October 9, 1776. Resolved, . . . That John Morgan, esq., provide and superintend an hospital, at a proper distance from the camp, for the army posted on the east side of Hudson River. That William Shippen, jr., esq., provide and superintend an hospital for the army in'the State of New Jersey. That each of the hospitals be supplied by the respective directors with such a number of surgeons, apothecaries, surgeons' mates . . . as they shall judge expedient. That they make weekly reports to Congress and the Commander in Chief of the officers and assistants of each denomination, and also the numbers of sick and deceased in their respective hospitals. November 26, 1776. Resolved, That the committee who are sent to the camp be directed to make particular enquiiy into the abuses in the Medical Department in the Army, and report thereon to Congress. November 28, 1776. Resolved, That Dr. Morgan take care of such sick and wounded of the Army of the United States as are on the east side of Hudson's River, and that Dr. Shippen take care of such sick and wounded as are on the west side of Hudson's River; and that they both be directed to use the utmost diligence in superintending the surgeons and mates of the Army, so that the sick and wounded may be effectually provided with everything necessary for their recoveiy. November 29, 1776. Resolved, That the medical committee be directed to provide suffi- cient quantities of antiscorbutics for the use of the hospitals in the northern army; That the hospital at Fort George be continued for the reception of soldiers laboring with contagious diseases, and that there be a general hospital erected on Mount Independence; That a suitable spot of ground for a garden be enclosed in the neigh- borhood of the general hospital, to supply the Army with vegetables, THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 369 and that laborers be hired to cultivate it under the direction of an overseer, to be appointed by the general or commanding officer. That the general or commanding officer in each of the armies cause strict enquiry to be made into the conduct of the directors of the hos- pitals and their .surgeons, officers, and servants, and of the regimental surgeons, that if there had been any just ground of complaints in those departments the offenders may be punished. That the colonel or commanding officer of every regiment make frequent enquiry into the health of the men under his command and report the state thereof, with any negligence, malpractice, or other misconduct of the surgeons or others, to the general and to Congress, delivering copies of such reports to all persons therein accused. December 1, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the medical committee be directed to take such steps as they shall judge proper for the accommodation of the sick of the Army. December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, the continental apothe- cary was directed to remove certain stores to a place of safety. December 30, 1776. Resolved^ [That one wagon be allowed on a march] for the partic- ular use of the director of the hospital. Each wagon to be drawn by two horses . . . and subject to such orders as shall from time to time be issued by the general or commanding officer. January 9, 1777. Resolved, That Dr. John Morgan, director-general, and Dr. Samuel Stringer, director of the hospital in the northern department of the Army of the United States, be, and they are hereby, dismissed from any further service in said offices. That the directors of the military hospitals throughout the Army, with the assistance of the hospital and regimental surgeons in each department, make returns to Congress as soon as possible of the kind and quantity of medicines, instruments, and hospital furniture that remain on hand. January 14-, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the medical committee provide a suitable assortment of medicines and send them to the hospital in the northern army with all possible despatch, together with other necessaries for the sick. . . . That Dr. Potts be directed to repair to Ticonderoga without delay. That Dr. Stringer be directed to deliver to Dr. Potts such medicines and other medical stores as may be in his hands belonging to the continent. S. Doc. 22t) 24 370 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January <29, 1777. Resolved, That Dr. Mackenzie, who has the care of the sick in the hospital in Baltimore, be empowered to appoint a mate to assist him. February 5, 1777. Resolved, That the medical committee be empowered to employ a suitable person in each of the States to purchase such medicines as they shall direct, for the use of the army, which can be procured at any reasonable rates. April 7, 1777. Resolved, That there be one director-general of all the military hos- pitals, which shall be elected for the Continental Army in the United States, who shall particularly superintend all the hospitals between Hudson's and Potomac rivers. That there be one deputy director-general, who, in the absence of the director-general, shall superintend the hospitals to the eastward of Hudson's River. That there be one deputy director-general, who, in the absence of the director-general, shall superintend the hospitals in the Northern Department. That when the circumstances of the war shall require it, there be one deputy director-general, who, in the absence of the director- general, shall superintend the hospitals in the Southern Department. That the director-general, or, in his absence, the deputy director- general in each respective department, be empowered and required, with the adv-ice and consent of the commander in chief therein, to establish and regulate a sufficient number of hospitals at proper places for the reception of the sick and wounded of theArnry; to provide medicines, instruments, dressings, bedding, and other necessary furni- ture, proper diet, and everything requisite for the sick and wounded soldiers and the officers of the hospitals; to pay the salaries and all other expenses of the same. That there be assistant deputy directors to superintend the hospitals committed to their care, and assist in providing the articles before specified, under the orders or control of the director or deputy director- general of the respective districts. That there be one apothecary-general for each district, whose duty it shall be to receive, prepare, and deliver medicines and other articles of his department to the hospitals and Army as shall be ordered by the director-general or deputy directors-general, respectively. That the apothecaries be allowed as many mates as the director- general or respective deputy directors-general shall think necessary. That there be a commissary of the hospitals in each of the aforesaid districts, whose duty it shall be to procure, store, and deliver provi- sions, forage, and such other articles as the director-general shall judge necessary for the use of the hospitals, in the purchase of which he shall frequently consult with the Commissary and Quartermaster- General, and be regulated by the prices which they give. That the commissary be allowed such assistants and storekeepers as the director-general or deputy director-general of the district shall judge necessary. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 371 That a steward be allowed for every hundred sick or wounded, who shall receive provisions from the commissary and distribute them agreeable to the orders of the director-general, or physician, or surgeon-general, and be accountable to the commissary for the same. That a matron be allowed to every hundred sick or wounded, who shall take care that the provisions are properly prepared; that the wards, beds, and utensils be kept in neat order, and that the most exact economy be observed in her department. That a nurse be allowed for even 7 ten sick or wounded, who shall be under the direction of the matron. That an hostler or stabler be allowed to each hospital, to receive the horses from the commissary, and to take care of the wagon and other horses belonging to the hospital, pursuant to orders from the director- general, or, in his absence, the deputy director-general, or such other officers as he shall appoint. That there be a clerk in each district, whose business it shall be to keep the accounts of the hospitals and to receive and deliver the monies agreeable to the orders of the director or deputy director-general. That a sufficient number of assistant clerks be allowed. That such officers and soldiers as the general shall order to guard the hospitals and to conduct such as shall be weekly discharged the hospitals to their respective regiments shall, while on this duty, obey the director or deputy director-general, or the physicians and surgeons- general. That the director and deputy directors-general be respectively empowered to appoint and discharge their assistant deputy directors, and other said officers and attendants of the hospitals, in such numbers as the necessities of the Army may require, and the commanders-in- chief of the department shall, in writing, approve, report of which to be immediately made to Congress, as hereafter directed. That there be also one physician and one surgeon-general in each district, to be appointed by Congress, whose duty it shall be, respec- tively, to superintend the practice of physic and surgery in all the hospitals of the district to which they shall be appointed, and in the absence of the director or deputy director-general they shall have power to order the physicians, surgeons, and other officers of the sev- eral hospitals to such duty as they shall think proper, and shall report weekly to the director-general, or, in his absence, to the assistant deputy director, the state and number of the sick and wounded in the hospitals, and the delinquent officers of the same, and see that such as may be fit shall be delivered every week to the officer of the guard, to be conducted to the Army. That there be allowed, also, senior physicians and surgeons, who shall attend, prescribe for, and operate upon, and see properly treated, such sick and wounded as shall be allowed them by the director- general, deputy director-general, or assistant director, or physician, or surgeon-generar, the number for the district to be determined by the director or deputy director-general and appointed by the surgeon and physician-general. That there be also such a number of second surgeons as the director or deputy director-general for the district shall judge necessary to assi>t tin- senior surgeons, and be under the same direction, and to be appointed by the physician and surgeon-general as aforesaid. That there be also such a number of mates as the director-general or 372 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. deputy director-general of the district shall direct, who shall assist the surgeons in the care of the wounded, and see that the medicines are properly and regularly administered, and appointed in the manner before directed for the senior and second surgeons. That a suitable number of covered and other wagons, litters, and other necessaries for removing the sick and wounded shall be supplied by the quartermaster or deputy quartermaster-general, and in cases of their deficiency, by the director or deputy director-general. That there be one physician and surgeon-general for each separate army, who shall be subject to the orders and control of the director- general and deputy director-general of the district wherein he acts. That his duty shall be to superintend the regimental surgeons and their mates, and to see that they do their duty, to hear all complaints against the said regimental surgeons and mates, and make report of them to the director-general, or, in his absence, to the deputy director, or, in their absence from the said army, to the commanding officer thereof, that they may be brought to trial by court-martial for mis- behavior; to receive from the director-general or deputy director- general, a suitable number of large strong tents, beds, bedding, medicines, and hospital stores, for such sick and wounded as can not be removed to the general hospital with safety, or may be rendered fit for duty in a few days; and shall also see that the sick and wounded, while under his care, are properly attended, dressed, and conveyed, when able, to the general hospital, for which last purpose he shall be supplied by the director-general, or deputy director, with a proper number of convenient wagons and drivers. That each physician and surgeon-general of the armies shall appoint such a number of surgeons, nurses, and orderly men as the director or deputy director-general shall judge necessary, for the more effectual care and relief of the sick and wounded, under the care of such phy- sician and surgeon-general, as provided in the last foregoing section; and the said physicians and surgeons-general shall have under them, in each army, a steward to receive and properly dispense such articles of diet as the director-general, or deputy director-general, shall give or order to be given him by the commissary of the army or hospital. That whenever any regimental surgeon or mate shall be absent from his regiment without leave from the said surgeon-general, or the Com- mander in Chief of the Army where his duty lies, the said surgeon- general shall have power to remove such surgeon or mate, and forthwith to appoint another in his stead. That the director, deputy directors, physicians, and surgeons-general, and all other officers before enumerated shall be tried by a court- martial for any misbehavior or neglect of duty as the Commander in Chief of the several armies shall direct. That the physician and surgeon-general of each army shall cause daily returns to be made to him of all the sick and wounded which have been removed to the hospitals, all that remain in the hospital tents, all that are become fit for duty, all that are convalescent, and all who may have died, specifying the particular maladies under which the sick and wounded labor. That the said physicians and surgeons-general shall cause weekly returns of the same to be made to the director or deputy director- general, respectively. That the Dhysicians and surgeons-general of the hospitals cause like THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 373 daily returns to be made in every hospital, and the like weekly returns to their respective directors, mutatis mutandis. That the deputy directors-general cause the like returns to be made once every month to the director-general, together with the names and denominations of all the officers in the respective hospitals. And that the director-general shall make a like return for all the hospitals and armies of these United States once every month to the medical committee. April <9, 1777. Resolved, That in time of action and on any other emergency when the regimental surgeons are not sufficient in number to attend properly to the sick and wounded that can not be removed to the hospitals, the director or deputy director-general of the district be empowered and directed upon the request of the physician and Surgeon-General of the Army to send from the hospitals under his care to the assistance of such sick and wounded, as many physicians and surgeons as can possibly be spared from the necessary business of the hospitals. That the directors, deputy directors-general, assistant deputy direct- ors, physicians and surgeons-general be, and they are hereby, required and directed to employ such parts of their time, as may conveniently be spared from the duties before pointed out to them, in visiting and prescribing for the sick and wounded of the hospitals under their care. That the establishment of the Medical Department be as follows: Director-General 6 dollars a day and 9 rations. Deputy director-general 5 do. 6 do. Assistant deputy director 3 do. 6 do. Physician-general and surgeon-general, each 5 do. 6 do. Physician and Surgeon-General of the Army 5 do. 6 do. Senior surgeons, each 4 do. 6 do. Second surgeons, each 2 do. 4 do. Surgeons' mates, each \\ d. do. 2 do. Apothecaries-general, each 3 do. 6 do. Do. mates, each 1 \ d. do. 2 do. Commissary 2 do. 4 do. Clerk, who is to be paymaster 2 do. 4 do. Assistant clerks, each f ds. do. 1 do. Stewards, each 1 do. 2 do. Matron \ do. 1 do. Nurses, each 24-90ths do. 1 do. Stabler 1 do. 1 do. Regimental surgeons 2 do. 4 do. Do. mates, each \\ d. do. 2 do. April 11, 1777. Congress then proceeded to the election of officers in the hospital department; and the ballots being taken, Dr. William Shippen, jr., was chosen, by the unanimous ballot of the thirteen States, director-general of all the military hospitals for the armies of the United States. Dr. Walter Jones, physician-general of the hospital in the Middle Department. Dr. Benjamin Rush, surgeon -general of the hospital in the Middle Department. Dr. John Cochran, physician and surgeon-genera] of the army in the Middle Department. 374 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Dr. Isaac Forster, deputy director-general of the hospital in the Eastern Department. Dr. Ammi Ruhamah Cutter, physician-general of the hospital in the Eastern Department. Dr. Philip Turner, surgeon-general of ditto. Dr. William Burnet, pnysician and surgeon -general of the army in the Eastern Department. Dr. Jonathan Potts, deputy director-general of the hospital in the Northern Department. Dr. Malacni Treat, physician-general of ditto. Dr. Forgue, surgeon -general of ditto. Dr. John Bartlett, physician and surgeon-general of the army in the Northern Department. April 12, 1777. Resolved, That the surgeons-general and physicians-general of the hospitals shall each of them regulate the practice of both physic and surgery, and do the duty of physician and surgeon-general in the hospitals respectively committed to their charge, and that the director and deputy directors-general take proper care to keep the sick and wounded in separate departments. April M, 1777. Resolved, That the director and deputy directors-general shall con- stantly publish in the newspapers the names of the places in which their military hospitals are respectively kept, and the several com- manding officers of parties, detachments, or corps, on their march to and from the camp, shall send to the said hospitals such of their officers and soldiers as from time to time are unable to proceed, together with certificates to the director or deputy director-general, mentioning the names of the said officers and soldiers and particular regiments to which they belong; unless, from the distance of the hospital or other causes, it shall at any time be necessary to deliver them to the care of private physicians or surgeons, in which cases such physicians and surgeons, and also the respective commanding officers, are forthwith to report their names and regiments to the director or deputy directors- general as aforesaid, who shall give the necessary orders for removing them to the hospitals as soon as may be, and discharge the reasonable demands of the physicians and surgeons conducting, agreeable to this resolve. That the director and deputy directors-general and assistant deputy directors have power to order to their respective hospitals the sick and wounded of the Army, wherever found, in their own or other departments, provided such departments are not supplied with any of the officers aforesaid. April 25, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the physician or surgeon-general of the hospital in the middle department be directed to send a proper person or persons in the medical department to visit all the hospitals betwixt this city and the town of Annapolis, in Maryland, with directions to order all such soldiers as shall be deemed capable of service to join immediately their respective corps under proper officers. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 375 May U, 1777. Resolved, . . . The commander in chief, and the commander in any separate department, shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think "proper, to . . the director-general of the hospital, his subs and surgeons- general, . . ; provided, always, that if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general order hereafter given, and should, never- theless, not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof. June 10, 1777. Resolved, . . . XXXVI. That all persons employed to pur- chase for the United States any articles in the several departments of the . . . director, . . . shall previously apply to them, or the principal officers under them, respectively, for certificates of the several prices by them allowed for such articles, and shall not, on any pretence whatsoever, exceed such prices. . . . June 23, 1777. Dr. Walter Jones declined, June 20, appointment of physician- general. July 1, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a physician-general of the hospital in the middle department, in the room of Dr. Jones; and the ballots being taken, Dr. Benjamin Rush was elected. July 2, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a surgeon -general of the hospital of the middle department, in the room of Dr. Rush; and the ballots being taken, Dr. William Brown was elected. August 9, 1777. The medical committee, to whom was referred the letter from Dr. W. Rickman, report "that as the establishment of the military hospital in Virginia, by a resolution of Congress of the 18th of May, 1776, is entirely distinct from and independent of the general establishment of hospitals in the other States, they arc of opinion the same was not affected by the new regulations of the 7th or April last, and that Dr. Rickman still continues director of that hospital;" whereupon, Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report. Ordered, That a copy of the foregoing report and concurrence of Congress be sent to Dr. Shippen, and that ho be directed to withdraw from Virginia such physicians, surgeons, or assistants as he may have sent thither. 876 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Any unt 30, 1777. Resolved, That the several issuing commissaries be directed to fur- nish the director-general, or any of the deputy directors, or their assistants, with such provisions as any of them shall, from time to time, demand by an order in writing, for the use of any temporary hospital which shall be established, which order, with the receipt of the steward endorsed tnereon, shall be a sufficient voucher. September 16, 1777. The director-general was ordered to remove to Bethlehem, Pa., or some other place of safety, the patients, or stores belonging to his department ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, X. J. November 19, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the director-general of the hospitals be authorized to cause stoves to be erected in the different hospitals in case he shall think such a measure will conduce to make up for the present scarcity of blankets and clothing, or to the greater comfort of the sick; and that the wagons annexed to the hospital department be employed as much as possible in the transportation of fuel for the respective hospitals. November 19, 1777. The director-general of the military hospitals and his assistants were authorized to call on the clothier-general for a proportionate share of blankets, shirts, shoes, and stockings for the use of the sick and wounded. December 20, 1777. Dr. Rickman (director of hospital at Alexandria) was suspended pending disposition of complaints charging him with neglect of duty. He was acquitted of the charges against him and ordered to resume his duties. October 21, 17S0, he was informed that, pursuant to his former request, he was left out in the new arrangement of the hospital department. January 6, 1778. Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed to deliver to the order of the director-general as much linen and as many blankets as can be spared, to be retained in the hospital for the use of the sick. * * * That a member of Congress be appointed to visit the hospitals in the middle department. The member chosen, Mr. Penn. * * * Resolved, That the sum of 10 dollars shall be paid by every officer, and the sum of four dollars by every soldier, who shall enter or be sent into any hospital to be cured of the venereal disease; which sums shall be deducted out of their pay, and an account thereof shall be transmitted by the physician or surgeon who shall have attended them to the regimental paymaster for that purpose; the money so arising to be paid to the director-general, or his order, to be appropriated to the purchasing blankets and shirts for the use of the sick soldiers in the hospital. January SO, 1778. Dr. Rush's resignation was accepted. February 3, 1778. ' And whereas many persons employed ... in other civil departments are dispersed in various pails of the continent, over THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 377 whom neither Congress nor the head of their respective departments can have the immediate inspection. Bemlved, That it be recommended to the legislative and executive authority of every State to take effectual measures for preventing any person within their States from exercising any office in the civil department of the Army, . . . under Congress, who shall not, when thereunto required by any magistrate, produce a legal appoint- ment to such office, and a certificate of his having taken the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or who shall neglect or refuse to take and sub- scribe the said oaths or affirmations within the time above limited. February 6, 1778. For the better regulating the hospitals of the United States. Resolved, That there be a deputy director-general for the hospitals between Hudson's and Potomac rivers; and that the superintending care of the director-general be extended equally over the hospitals in every district, and that he be excused from the duty of providing sup- plies when the deputy director- general shall be ready to enter upon the office; That the several officers of the hospitals shall cease to exercise such of their former powers as are herein assigned to other officers thereof; That in the absence of the director-general from any district the physician-general and surgeon-general .shall hereafter determine the number of hospitals to be provided by the deputy director-general for the sick and wounded, and shall superintend and control the affairs of such hospitals; That the director-general shall consult with the physician-general and surgeon-general in each district about the supplies necessary for the hospitals, and shall give orders in writing to the deputy director- general thereof to provide the same; and in the absence of the director-general the physician-general and surgeon-general shall issue such orders; That each deputy director-general shall appoint one or more of the assistant deputy directors under him to the sole business of providing beds, furniture, utensils, hospital clothing, and such like articles; and shall appoint one or more to provide medicines, instruments, dressings, herbs, and necessaries of a similar kind; That the director-general shall frequently visit the hospitals in each district and see that the regulations are carried into effect; shall exam- ine into the number and qualifications of the hospital officers, report to Congress any abuses that may have taken place, and discharge the supernumerary officers, if there be any, that all unnecessary expense may be saved to the public; and when the director-general is in any particular district the physician-general and surgeon-general in that district shall not appoint any officers without his consent; That on the settlement of hospital accounts the officers entrusted with public money shall produce vouchers to prove the expenditure, and receipts from the proper officers of the hospitals, specifying the delivery of the stores and other articles purchased, and the apothe- caries, mates, stewards, matrons, and other officers receiving such stores and other articles shall be accountable for the same, and shall produce vouchers for the delivery thereof from such officers, and according to such forms as the physicians-general and surgeons-general have directed, or shall from time to time direct; which forms and 378 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. directions the physicians and surgeons general shall report to the board of treasury; That the director-general, or, in his absence from the district, the physician-general and surgeon-general, shall appoint a ward master for each hospital, to receive the arms, accoutrements, and clothing of each soldier admitted therein, keeping entries of and giving receipts for such articles which, on the recovery of the soldier, shall be returned to him, or, in case of his death, the arms and accoutrements shall be deliv- ered to the commissary or deputy commissary of military stores and receipts be taken for the same; and the ward master shall receive and be accountable for the hospital clothing, and perform such other serv- ices as the physician-general or surgeon-general shall direct; That the physician-general and surgeon -general shall hereafter make no returns to the deputy directors-general, but the returns shall be made by the said officers respectively to the director-general, who shall carefully transmit copies of each with his monthly return to Congress, and suspend such of the officers aforesaid as neglect this or any other part of their duty, and shall report their names to Congress; That the director and deputy directors-general forthwith prepare their accounts and adjust them with the commissioners of claims; That four dollars a day and the former allowance of rations be here- after allowed to each assistant deputy director and the commissary of the hospitals in each district; and one dollar a day and two rations to each ward master. Resolved, That Dr. Potts be called from the northern district and appointed to act as deputy director-general in the middle district. Resolved, That the eldest assistant deputy director in the northern district shall execute the office of deputy director-general in the said district until the further orders of Congress; That the salaries of the hospital officers and debts contracted for the hospitals of the middle district to the time of Dr. Potts's entering upon the office of deputy director-general therein shall be adjusted and paid by the director-general, who shall deliver all the public stores in his possession to the deputy director-general or his order, taking dupli- cate receipts for the same and transmitting one of each to the board of treasury; and the same rule shall be observed by Dr. Potts with respect to the salaries and debts of the hospital of the northern district and the public stores thereof, which are to be delivered to his successor in office in that district. Congress proceeded to the election of a physician-general in the middle district in the room of Dr. Rush, and the ballots being taken, Dr. William Brown was elected. February 21, 1778. Resolved, That a surgeon-general be appointed for the hospital in the middle department, in the room of Dr. Brown, promoted; the ballots being taken, Dr. Charles McKnight was elected. Whereas the duty of the person who executes the office of secretary and paymaster of the hospital in the middle department is important and difficult. Resolved, That the pay of the person who executes those offices in the hospital in the middle department be augmented to three dollars a day. March 9, 1778. Dr. Ammi Ruhamah Cutter's resignation was accepted. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 379 June 9, 1778. * * * Ji< solved, That the deputy director-general of the hospital in the eastern department shall, as heretofore, in the absence of the director- general, supervise the medical affairs of that department till the further order of Congress. . August U, 1778. Resolved, That the resolution of Congress of the 9th of June last authorizing the deputy director-general of the hospital in the eastern department, in the absence of the director-general, to superintend the medical affairs of that department be, and it is hereb} 7 , repealed; and that the said hospital for the future be under the same regulations as the hospitals in the other departments. Resolved, That the director-general be directed to enquire into the state of the hospital in the eastern department, and give proper orders for the good government and economy thereof, and discharge unquali- fied and supernumerary officers, if any there be. October 20, 1778. Whereas, by a resolution of Congress of April 22nd, 1777, it is pro- vided that the several commanding officers of parties, detachments, or corps on their march to or from camp shall send to the military hos- pitals such of the officers and soldiers as, from time to time, are unable to proceed, unless from the distance of the hospitals or other causes it shall at any time be necessary to deliver them to the care of private physicians or surgeons, in which cases the deputy director-general shall discharge the reasonable demands of the physicians and surgeons conducting, agreeably to the said resolve. And whereas no provision is therein made for discharging the accounts of other persons who have been or may be employed by proper officers "for taking care of and providing for such officers and soldiers; Resolved, That the deputy directors-general, respectively, be author- ized and instructed to discharge such of the said accounts as .shall appear to be reasonable and just, provided that each person who may hereafter be employed to provide for officers and soldiers as aforesaid shall give earliest notice thereof to the deputy director-general, or the physician or surgeon-general of the district, in order for the speedy removal to the military hospitals. November 21>, 1778. Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra ration heretofore allowed them. January 23, 1779. Rexolved, That the director-general of the medical department be authorized and instructed to enjoin the several deputy directors, phy- sicians, and surgeons-general, and other officers under his superintend- ence to attend and perform such duties, at any post or place, as a 380 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY change of the position of the Army, or other circumstances, may, from time to time, make necessary, and shall be required by the Commander in Chief, notwithstanding such deputy director, physician, or surgeon is, by the general arrangement of the hospital, attached to a particular department; and that in case of any dispute concerning their seniority or precedence, the director-general shall determine the same in the first instance, the party supposing himself aggrieved being at liberty to appeal for redress to the medical committee. Resolved, That the director-general be authorized and instructed to supply, for the use of the regimental surgeons, such medicines and refreshments as may be proper for the relief of the sick and wounded before their removal to a general hospital, and to be dispensed under the care and at the discretion of the physician and Surgeon-General of the Army. March 10, 1779. "Col. C. Hall is appointed to superintend the hospital at Bruns- wick and relieve Col. Beauford." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-Brook.) March 16, 1779. Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. April 13, 1779. "Lt. Col. Dabney is appointed to superintend the hospitals in Jersey." (Orders, General Headrjuarters, Middle-Brook.) May 11, 1779. Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who serve with the Army shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line, provided they engage for a year or longer. May 18, 1779. "Major Stevenson is appointed to relieve Col. Dabney in the superintendency of the hospitals in New Jersey." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle- Brook.) June 2, 1779. "Lieutenant-Col. Simms, is appointed to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-Brook.) * June 12, 1779. Dr. John Morgan, director-general and chief physician of the general hospitals of the United States, was removed January 9, 1777, by reason of the general complaints of persons of all ranks in the Army, but on the report of the medical committee to Congress August 9, 1777, that body resolved, June 12, 1779, "That Congress are satisfied with the conduct of Dr. John Morgan while acting as director-general and physician in chief in the general hospitals of the United States," and ordered the publication of the resolution. August 11, 1779. Resolved, That the half pay provided by the resolution of the 15th of May, 1778, be extended to continue for life; and that the holding of a civil office under the United States, or any of them, shall be no bar to prevent any officer from receiving the same. August 18, 1779. Resolved, That until further order of Congress the said officers [of the Army] be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel, . . . 500 dollars; every lieutenant-colonel, 400 dollars; every major, . . . 300 dollars; every captain, 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign, and surgeon's mate, 100 dollars. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 381 Rewired, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence in lieu of those articles ot food originally intended for them and not furnished. August 30, 1779. "Lt. Col. Adams is appointed to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania and Jersey." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' s House.) October 24, 1779. " Lieutenant Colonel Williams is appointed to superintend the hospital in Albany." (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore' 's House.) October, 27, 1779. Resolved, That the director-general, each of the deputy directors- general, each physician and surgeon-general, each senior physician and surgeon, each junior surgeon, each apothecary -general . . . each apothecary's assistant in the hospital of the United States shall be entitled to draw clothing annually from the stores of the clothier- general in the same manner and under the same regulations as are established for officers of the line by a resolution of the 26th day of November, 1777. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the said officers of the military hospital shall also be entitled to subsistence in like manner as is granted to officers of the line, to be estimated in the fol- lowing ratio: 1st. The director-general to receive the same subsistence as a colonel in the line. 2d. The deputy directors-general, the physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries general, the same as lieutenant-colonels. 3d. The senior physicians and surgeons, the same as majors. The junior surgeons and apothecaries' assistants, the same as cap- tains, . . . and to commence from the said 18th day of August. Resolved, That the mates of the military hospital shall, during service, be entitled to the same subsistence as is given to regimental surgeons' mates by the resolution of the 18th day of August last. October 28, 1779. Resolution of October 27, relative to Medical Department recon- sidered and recommitted to the Medical Committee. November W, 1779. Resolved, That the director-general, deputy directors-general, the assistant deputy directors, the physicians and surgeons-general of the hospitals and Army, the senior surgeons, the second or junior sur- geons, the apothecaries-general and apothecaries' mates or assistants, the hospital chaplains, regimental surgeons and mates, mates of the military hospitals, commissaries, assistant commissaries, paymasters and stewards of the hospital who shall have been in the service for the space of one year, and are at present employed in the same, shall each be entitled annually to draw clothing from the stores of the clothier- general in the same manner and under the same regulations as are established for officers of the line by a resolution of Congress on the 26th day of November, 1777. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the following officers of the military hospital shall be entitled to subsistence in like manner as is granted to officers of the line by a resolution of the 18th day of August last, and in the following proportions, viz: Each deputy 382 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY. director-general, 500 dollars per month; each assistant deputy director, 400 dollars; each physician-general and surgeon-general, 500 dollars; each physician and surgeon-general, 500 dollars; each senior surgeon, 400 dollars; each junior surgeon, 300 dollars; each apothecary-general, 400 dollars; each apothecary's assistant or mate, 100 dollars; each com- missary, 300 dollars; each commissary's assistant, 200 dollars; each clerk, who is to be paymaster, 200 dollars; each steward, 100 dol- lars; . . . The same to commence from the 18th day of August last. Resolved, That all mates necessarily employed in the military hospi- tal or Army shall, during service, be entitled to the same subsistence as is given to regimental mates, viz, 100 dollars per month. November 22, 1779. The medical committee was instructed to revise the several resolutions relating to the hospital department, digest and arrange them with such amendments as will make the whole consistent and conformable to the alterations made by Congress in the original system. November 22, 1779. "Major Cochrane, of the New York troops, is appointed to relieve Lieutenant-Colonel Williams, superintending the hospital at Albany." {Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.) November 26, 1779. Resolved, That the returns for clothing for officers in the medical staff (regimental surgeons and their mates, who are to draw with the regimental staff, excepted) be signed by the director-general or the physician-general and surgeon-general of the district, and such clothing shall be delivered either by the clothier-general, or any subclothier in the State in which the officer to receive clothing shall reside, as is pro- vided in the cases of other staff officers not taken from the line. December 8, 1779. "Doctor Latimer [is] appointed a senior surgeon in the flying hospital." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristaum.) December 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War, having procured a small supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State: The clothier-general is to deliver them upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and departments at the rate directed by a resolution of Congress of the 25th of November last, . . . surgeons of the general and flying hospital . . ." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) January 27, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the issuing commissaries be respectively directed not to deliver rations or parts of rations to any hospital com- missary, unless on returns signed by him and countersigned by the principal physician or surgeon of the respective hospitals, specifying the names and stations of the persons for whom, and for what time, the rations are drawn, and that the hospital commissary be also required to annex to each ration the receipts of the persons to whom he shall have delivered the provisions drawn on the last return. February^, 1780. Resolved, That Doctor David Oliphant, director-general of the hos- pitals in the State of South Carolina, be, and he is hereby, directed to make monthly returns to the medical committee, agreeable to the reso- lutions of Congress of the Tth of April, 1779, and that he cause a duplicate thereof to be delivered monthly to the commanding officer, THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 383 for the time being, of the southern army, and that the director-general of the hospitals to the Army of the United States be furnished with a cop} r of this resolution. March 23, 17S0. "A subaltern officer from Genl. Hand's brigade is to be sent to Phukemin to-morrow to superintend the hospital there in place of Lieut. Leonard." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) May 23, 1780. Resolved, That the director-general, or in his absence, deputy director-general, of the hospitals in the eastern district, be, and he is hereby, directed to have a suitable house at or near the post of New London, in the State of Connecticut, for the reception of such sick American prisoners as shall from time to time be exchanged and landed in that neighborhood, and that one senior surgeon or physician and a suitable number of mates be occasionally employed therein, as the number of sick shall increase or diminish. June 26, 1780. Whereas it is represented by the medical committee that difficulties arise in the hospital department from the arrest of the director-general, Resolved, therefore, That the medical committee be, and are nereby, authorized to take proper measures for carrying on the business of the said department, and that all medical gentlemen and others attached to the said department pay obedience to the orders of the said committee. June 26, 1780. Dr. William iShippen, jr., was charged, June 15, 1779, with mal- practice and misconduct in office. He was tried, but acquitted, and restored to his position a.s director-general October 6, 1780. July 6, 1780. "Doctor Hagan, senior surgeon in the general hospital, is appointed to
  • duty in that capacity in the flying hospital." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.) July 14, 1780. "Colonel Spencer is appointed to superintend the hospitals in Jer- sey." (Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.) July 21, 1780. Congress accepted the resignation of Dr. W. Brown, physician- general. August 22, 1780. Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public stores . . . upon which the existence of the armies of these United States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the . . . purveyor of the hospitals, . . . therefore, Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose, embezzled, or willfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled, any of the provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili- tary or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of America, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and every person in any of the said departments, intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be con- 384 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. victed at a general court-martial of having through neglect suffered any of the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall suffer such punishment as the said court shall in their discretion direct. according to the degree of the offense. 8qptemier90, 1780. Whereas the late regulations for conducting the affairs of the gen- eral hospital are in many respects defective, and it is necessary that the same be revised and amended in order that the sick and wounded may be properly provided for and attended, and the business of the hospitals conducted with regularity and economy: Therefore. iteadUoecLi That there be one director of the military hospitals, who shall have the general direction and superintendence of all the hospi- tals to the northward of North Carolina; that within the aforesaid limits there be three chief hospital physicians, who shall also be sur- geons: one chief physician, who shall also be a surgeon, to each sepa- rate army: fifteen hospital physicians, who shall also be surgeons; twenty surgeons* mates for the hospitals; one purveyor, with one a>>istant: one apothecary: one assistant apothecary; and to each hos- pital, a steward, matron, orderly men. and nurses, as heretofore. That the director, or, in his absence, one of the chief hospital phy- sicians, be empowered and required, with the advice and consent of the commander in chief, or commander of a separate army, to establish and regulate such a number of hospitals, at proper places, for the reception of the sick and wounded of the army, as may be found necessary. That the director be authorized and instructed to enjoin the several chief hospital physicians, and other officers of the hospitals under his superintendence, to attend at such posts or stations as he may judge proper, and also to attend and perform such duties at any post or place as a change of the position of the army or other circumstances may from time to time make necessary and shall be required by the Commander in Chief; and that in case of any dispute concerning their seniority or precedence, the director shall determine the same in the first instance, the party supposing himself aggrieved being at liberty to appeal for redress to the medical committee. That in time of action, and on any other emergency, when the regi- mental surgeons are not sufficient in number to attend properly to the sick and wounded that can not be removed to the hospitals, the director, or, in his absence, the nearest chief hospital physician, be empowered and required, upon request of the chief physician and surgeon of the Army, to send from the hospitals under his care, to the assistance of such sick and wounded, as many surgeons as can possibly be spared from the necessary business of the hospitals. That the director, or, in his absence, two of the chief hospital physi- cians, shall make out and deliver, from time to time, to the purveyor, proper estimates of hospital stores, medicines, instruments, dressings, and such other articles as may be judged necessary for the use of the hospitals; also direct the apothecary or his assistant to prepare and deliver medicines, instruments, dressings, and other articles in his pos- session to the hospitals and surgeons of the Army and Navy as he or they may judge necessarv. That the director authorize and instruct the purveyor and apothe- THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 385 cary to supply, for the use of the regimental surgeon*, such medicines and refreshments as may be proper for the relief of the sick and wounded before their removal to a general hospital, and to be dis- pensed under the care and at the direction of the chief physician of the Army. That the director, or, in his absence, the chief hospital physicians, respectively, be empowered occasionally to employ second mates when the number of the sick shall increase so as to make it necessary, and to discharge them as soon as the circumstances of the sick will admit. That the director, or. in his absence, the chief hospital physicians, respectively, shall appoint a ward master for each hospital to receive the spare regimental arms, accoutrements, and clothing of each soldier admitted therein: keeping entries of and giving receipts for every article received, which, when the soldiers shall be discharged, shall be ac- counted for by the said ward master with the commanding officer of the regiment to which such soldier belonged or the officer directed to take charge of the convalescents from the said hospital: or. in case of the death of the soldier, shall be accounted for with and delivered to the quartermaster of the regiment to which the said soldier belonged: and the ward master shall receive and be accountable for the hospital clothing and perform such other services as the chief hospital physician shall direct. That the director shall make returns of all the sick and wounded in the hospitals once every month to the medical committee, together with the names and ranks of all the officers and others employed in the sev- eral hospitals. That the director be required to employ such part of his time as may be spared from the duties before pointed out to him in visiting and prescribing for the sick and wounded of the hospitals, and that he pay particular attention to the conduct of the several officers in the hospital department, and arrest, suspend, and bring to trial all delinquents within the same. That the duty of the chief hospital physicians shall be to do and perform all the duties hereinbefore enjoined them to do in the absence of the director; to receive and obey the orders of the director made and delivered to them in writing: to superintend the practice of physic and surgery in the hospitals put under their particular care by the director, or which . by order of the Commander in Chief or the com- mander of a separate army, may be by them established; to see that the hospital physicians and other officers attending the same do their duty: and make monthly returns to the director of the state and num- ber of the sick and wounded in the hospitals under their care: and also make returns to the director and to the medical committee of all delinquent officers in order that they may be speedily removed or pun- ished; and to take measures that all such sick and wounded as are recovered and fit for duty be delivered weekly to the officer of the guard to be conducted to the Army: when present at any hospital to te orders to the proper officers for supplying them with necessaries: and generally, in the absence of the director, to superintend and control the business of such hospitals, suspend delinquent and remove unnecessary noncommissioned officers making report to the director: and when in their power to attend and perform or direct all capital operation-. That the hospital phy-ician- -hall take rhargv of >uch particular 12 :id 386 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. hospitals as may be assigned them by the director. They shall obey the orders of the director, or in his absence of the chief hospital physician. They shall have power to suspend officers under them, and to confine other persons in the hospitals serving under their charge for negligence or ill behavior until the matter be regularly inquired into. They shall diligently attend to the cases of the sick and wounded of the hospitals under their care, administering at all times proper relief, as far as may be in their power. They shall, respectively, give orders, under their hands, to the assistant purveyor or steward at the hospital, for the issuing provisions and stores, as well as for the procuring any other small articles that the exigencies of the hospital may require and which the store is not provided with, having always a strict regard to economy, as well as the welfare of the sick then to.be provided for. They shall make weekly returns to the nearest chief hospital physician of the state of the hospitals under their respective care. The mates shall each take charge of and attend the patients assigned them, and perform such other duties as shall be directed by the director, chief, or other physicians and surgeons. The chief physician and surgeon of the Army shall be subject to the orders and control of the director. His duty shall be to superintend the regimental surgeons and their mates, to see that they do their duty; to hear all complaints against the said regimental surgeons and mates, and make report of them to the director, or in his absence to the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army, that they may be brought to trial by court-martial for misbehavior; to draw for and receive from the purve} r or a suitable number of large, strong tents, beds, bedding, and hospital stores, and from the apothe- cary or his assistant proper medicines for such sick and wounded per- sons as cannot be removed to the general hospital with safety or ma} T be rendered fit for duty in a short time. He shall also see that the sick and wounded while under his care are properly attended and Erovided for, and conveyed, when fit to be removed, to the general ospital, for which last purpose he shall be supplied by the Quarter- master-General with a proper number of convenient wagons and drivers. He shall have a steward, whom he is to appoint, to receive and properly dispense such articles of diet and refreshments as shall be procured for the sick, and also shall appoint such a number of nurses and orderly men as may be necessary for the attendance of the sick and wounded under his care. He shall cause daily returns to be made to him of all the sick and wounded which have been removed to the hospitals, all that remain in the hospital tents, all that are become fit for duty, all that are convalescent, and all who may have died, specifying the particular maladies under which the sick and wounded labor, and shall make a monthly return thereof to the director, who shall add it to his general hospital returns to be transmitted monthly to the medical committee. That whenever any regimental surgeon or mate shall bo absent from his regiment without leave from the chief physician and surgeon or commander of the army where his duty lies the said chief physician and surgeon shall have power to remove such surgeon or mate and forthwith appoint another in his stead. That the purveyor provide or cause to be provided all hospital stores, medicines, instruments, dressings, utensils, and such other articles as shall be prescribed by the written order of the director or THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 387 two of the chief hospital physicians, and deliver or cause the same to be delivered, upon written orders, under the hand of the director, chief hospital physician, or one of the hospital physicians having the charge of a particular hospital or of the chief plrysician and surgeon of the Army, which, with receipts thereon for delivery of the same, shall bo his sufficient vouchers. He shall be allowed a clerk and as many storekeepers as occasion may require and the director shall approve of. He shall also pay the salaries of the officers and all other expenses of the hospitals. He shall render his accounts every three months to the board of treasury for settlement, and make application for money to the medical committee, before whom he shall lay esti- mates of articles necessary, which shall previously have been approved and signed by the director or two of the chief hospital physicians. At the same time he shall render to them an account of the expenditure of the last sum of money advanced to him; and the said medical com- mittee shall lay such estimates before Congress with their opinion thereon. That the assistant purveyor shall procure such supplies and do and perform such parts of the purveyor's dut} r as by him shall be particu- larly assigned to him. That the apothecary and his assistants receive, prepare, and deliver medicines, instruments, and dressings, and such other articles of his department to the hospitals and Army on orders in writing from the director, or either of the chief hospital physicians, or chief physician or surgeon of the Arary; and that he be allowed as many mates as occasion may require and the director shall approve of. That the director, or in his absence the chief hospital physician, shall appoint a steward for each hospital, whose duty it snail be to purchase vegetables and other small articles, under the direction of the purveyor, and to receive hospital stores from the purveyor and provi- sions from the Commissary -General and issue the same for the use of the sick and wounded agreeably to the order of the plrysician and sur- geon attending such hospital, the steward to account with the purveyor for all such issues. That the director, or in his absence the chief hospital physician, appoint a proper number of matrons, nurses, and others necessary for the regular management of the hospitals and hx and ascertain their pay, not exceeding the sums heretofore allowed, and point out and prescribe their particular duties and employments in writing, which they are enjoined to observe and obey. That the director, with two chief hospital physicians, be empowered to fix the pay of second mates and of such clerks, storekeepers, and other persons as may occasionally be employed, and also make such regulations and point out and enjoin in writing such further particular duties for the several officers of the hospital department as they may judge necessary for the regular management of the same, which duties shall always be consistent with, and in no wise contradictory to, any of the duties hereinbefore particularly enumerated, and which, being reported to and approved or by the medical committee, shall thereupon Ix-rome-obligatory to all those concerned. That the Quartermaster-General furnish the hospital department from time to time, as occasion may require, with such a number of bones and wagons as may be accessary for removing the sick and wounded and for transporting the hospital stores, but that no other 388 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. horses than those belonging to the officers of the department, for which forage may be herein allowed, be kept separately and at the expense of the department. That no person concerned in trade on his own account shall be suf- fered to act as an officer in the hospital or Medical Department of the Army. That no officer or other person in the hospital department, except the sick and wounded, be permitted to use any of the stores provided for the sick. That the director, chief hospital physicians, and the chief physicians and surgeons of the Army, physicians and surgeons, purveyor, apothe- cary, assistant purveyor, and assistant apothecary, be appointed and commissioned by Congress, the regimental surgeons and mates to be appointed as heretofore. That the director, with the advice and concurrence of two of the chief hospital physicians, appoint all hospital mates, which appoint- ments shall be certified by warrants under the hand of the director; in which appointments no person shall be admitted under the age of twenty-one years. That all the officers in the hospital or medical department shall be subjected to trial by courts-martial for all offences in the same manner as officers in the line of the Army. t Resolved, That the pay and establishment of the officers of the hos- pital department and medical staff be as follows: Director, 150 dollars per month, 2 rations for himself, and one for his servant, per day, and forage for two horses. Chief physicians and surgeons of the Army and hospitals, each 140 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, and forage for two horses. Purveyor and apothecary, each 130 dollars per month. Physicians and surgeons of the hospitals, each 120 dollars per month, 1 ration per day, and forage for one horse. Assistant purveyors and apothecaries, each 75 dollars per month. Regimental surgeons, each 65 dollars per month, 1 ration per day, and forage for one horse. Surgeon's mates in the hospitals, 50 dollars per month, 1 ration per day. Surgeon's mates in the Army, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day. Steward for each hospital, 35 dollars per month, 1 ration per day. Ward master for each hospital, 25 dollars per month, 1 ration per day. Resolved, That none of the aforesaid officers or any persons employed in any of the hospitals be entitled to rations, or provision, or forage when on furlough. Resolved, That the chief physician of the Army be allowed a two- horse covered wagon for transporting his baggage. That the several officers above mentioned snail receive their pay in the new currency, emitted pursuant to a resolution of Congress on the 18th day of March last; and that they be allowed and paid at the rate of five dollars of said currency per month for every retained ration; and shall each be entitled annually to draw clothing from the stores of the clothier-general, in the same manner and under the same regula- tions as are established for officers in the line, by a resolution of Con- gress of the 25th of November, 1779. That the returns for clothing for officers in the medical staff (regi- mental surgeons and their mates, who are to draw with the regimental THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 389 staff, excepted) be signed by the director or one of the chief hospital physicians; and such clothing shall be delivered either by the clothier- general or any subclothier in the State in which the officer to receive clothing shall reside, in the same manner as is provided in the cases of other staff officers not taken from the line. That the several officers whose pay is established as above (except the stewards and ward masters) shall at the end of the war be entitled to a certain provision of land, in the proportion following, viz: The director to have the same quantity as a brigadier-general. Chief physician and purveyor, the same as a colonel. Physicians and surgeons and apothecary, the same as a lieutenant- colonel. Regimental surgeons and assistants to the purveyor and apothecary, the same as a major. Hospital and regimental surgeon's mates, the same as a captain. That the former arrangements of the hospital department, and all resolutions heretofore passed touching the same, so far as they are inconsistent with the foregoing, be repealed, excepting that the hospi- tals in the Southern Department, from North Carolina to Georgia, inclusive, be continued under the same regulations as heretofore, until the further order of Congress. October 6, 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Hospital Depart- ment, and, the ballots being taken, Doctor William Shippen, jr., was elected director-general; Doctor John Cochran, chief physician and surgeon o* the Army; Dr. James Craik, Doctor Malachi Treat, Doctor Charles McKnight, chief hospital physicians. October 7, 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Hospital Depart- ment, and, the ballots being taken, Thomas Bond, jr., was elected purveyor; Isaac Ledyard, assistant purveyor; Doctor Andrew Craigie, apothecary; William Johonot, assistant apothecary; Doctors James Tilton, Samuel Adams, Davis Townshend, Henry Latimer, Francis Hagan, Philip Turner, William Burnet, John Warren, Moses Scott, David Jackson, Bodo Otto, Moses Bloomficld, William Eustis, George Draper, Barnabas Bmney, hospital physicians and surgeons. 390 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. October 7, ,1780. Dr. Matthew Maus was appointed surgeon to the regiment of inva- lids, and Col. Nicola was authorized to appoint a proper surgeon's mate to the regi- ment when the number of sick shall make it necessary. October 28, 1780. Resolved, That the director of the hospitals, the chief physicians and surgeons of the hospitals and the Army, and the other physicians and surgeons of the hospitals, and also the purveyor, apothecaiy, and their respective assistants, and the stewards, do severally take the oaths or affirmations directed by a resolution of Congress of February 3d, 1778, and deposit duplicate certificates of taking the same with the medical committee as soon as possible; that the said officers, respectively, be subject to the pains and penalties mentioned in the resolution of the above date for neglecting to take the said oaths or affirmations; and that the director of the hospitals take measures for carrying this reso- lution into immediate effect. November 24, 1780. Dr. Shippen was directed to repair to headquarters and put himself under the orders of the Commander in Chief; his resignation was accepted January 3, 1781. December 7, 1780. Dr. John Warren accepted office of hospital physician. December 9, 1780. Ordered, That the purveyor and apothecary be directed to issue medicines and refreshments necessary for the transient sick which may be from time to time under the care of Doctor Maus, as is done in the general hospital, he making returns of such sick in the manner directed in the hospital regulations to the director and signing receipts for such stores as are issued to him. Ordered, That Doctor Maus report to the commanding officer at the barracks such officers as are appointed to act under him as surgeons to the transient sick, in case of misdemeanor, in order that they may be tried for misconduct or neglect of duty by a garrison court-martial. December 13, 1780. Congress accepted the resignations of Drs. Bloomfield and Scott, two hospital physicians. December 31, 1780. "A field officer from the Pennsylvania line to relieve Col. Spencer in the superintendency of the hospitals in New Jersey. He will receive the standing instructions from Col. Spencer." {Orders, General Headquarters, [noplace given.'] ) January 17, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of a director of the military hos- pital, and, the ballots being taken, Dr. John Cochran was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Varnum. * * * Whereas by the plan for conducting the Hospital Department passed in Congress the 30th day of September last no proper establishment is provided for the officers of the medical staff after their dismission from public service, which, considering the custom of other nations and the late provision made for the officers of the Army after the con- clusion of the war, they appear to have a just claim to, for remedy whereof, and also for amending several parts of the above-mentioned plan: Resolved, That all officers in the Hospital Department and medical THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 391 staff hereinafter mentioned who shall continue in service to the end of the war or be reduced before that time as supernumeraries shall be entitled to and receive during life, in lieu of half pay, the following allowances, viz: The director of the hospital, equal to the half pay of a lieutenant- colonel ; Chief physicians and surgeons of the Army and hospital and hospital physicians and surgeons, purveyor, apothecaiy, and regimental sur- geons, each equal to the half pay of a captain; That there be allowed to the purve3 T or, apothecary, and assistant purveyor each forage for one horse; That the power given in the before-mentioned plan to the chief physician and surgeon of the Army to remove regimental surgeons and mates in case of absence without leave shall in future extend no further than a power of suspension until such delinquent shall be reported to a proper officer for bringing him to trial by court-martial; That the apothecary may deliver medicines, instruments, and dress- ings, and other articles of his department to the hospitals on orders in writing from a physician and surgeon having the care of any par- ticular hospital where the director or one of the chief physicians and surgeons shall not be present to give the same; That the power given to the director and chief hospital physicians with respect to the appointment of matrons, nurses, and other persons necessary for the regular management of the hospitals be extended to each of the physicians and surgeons of the hospitals in the absence of the director and chief physicians and surgeons. February 1, 1781. Resolved, That the purveyor of the hospital be, and hereby is, empowered and directed to collect, or cause to be collected, and secured under his care until properly issued, all public hospital stores and medi- cines in Virginia late under the direction of Dr. Rickman or others acting under the United States, and all persons in possession of such public stores or medicines are hereby required to deliver the same to the said purveyor or his order upon demand. February 5, 1781. Ordered, That the medical committee give the directions necessary for establishing a hospital in Virginia and providing for the same, and also for removing the sick from the new gaol in this city to some proper place to be provided as a hospital for prisoners. February 6, 1781. /ir. solved, That Thomas Bond, jr., purveyor to the general hospital, be, and hereby is, authorized to settle the accounts for salaries and pay the officers of the hospital established in Virginia, under the direc- tion of Dr. Gould, which have accrued since the new arrangement of the Medjcal Department, and that Dr. Rickman, late deputy director, settle and return the accounts of salaries due the officers of the said hospitals prior to that date to the present purveyor. 392 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. March 3, 1781. Ordered, That Dr. James Craik, chief hospital physician and sur- geon, be, and he is hereby, appointed chief physician and surgeon of the Army in the room of Dr. J. Cochran, elected director of the hospital. . . . March 5, 1781. According to the order of the day, Congress proceeded to the elec- tion of a chief physician and surgeon of the hospitals in the room of Dr. Craik, removed to the Army; and, the ballots being taken, Dr. William Burnet was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Witherspoon. March 22, 1781. Whereas the late regulations for conducting the Medical Department and military hospitals passed the 30th day of September last, and amended by several subsequent acts of Congress, extend no further southward than to include the State of Virginia; and whereas the present operations of the war to the southward make it necessary that the Hospital Department in that district be rendered as uniform to that in the Northern army as circumstances will permit that no inconvenience may arise to the Army in general from different and opposite systems, as its operations may eventually be interchangeable from one district to another in a short space of time: Therefore, Resolved, That there be one deputy director of the military hospitals, who shall, in the absence of the director, have the general control and management of all the military hospitals that are or may be established under the orders of the commander of the Southern army for the time being. * * * Resolved, That for the army aforesaid there shall be one chief phy- sician of the hospital, who shall also be a surgeon; one chief physician to the said army, who shall also be a surgeon; two hospital physicians, who shall also be surgeons, and four surgeon's mates for the hospitals; one deputy purveyor with an assistant; one deputy apothecary with an assistant; and to each hospital a steward, matron, orderly men, and nurses as is directed in the arrangement of the hospital passed the 30th day of September aforesaid; That the deputy director, deputy purveyor, and deputy apothecary have and exercise the same powers which are exercised by the director, purveyor, and apothecary, respectively, agreeably to the arrangement above mentioned; That the pay of the deputy director be 140 dollars per month, that of the deputy purveyor and deputy apothecary each 120 dollars per month; and they shall severally be entitled to the same emoluments and subject to the same regulations and restrictions as their respective principals are entitled or subjected to by the above-mentioned arrange- ment and the amendments thereto; That all th other officers of the hospital and medical staff for the Southern army exercise the powers, perform the same duties, receive the same pay and emoluments, and be subject to the regulations and THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 393 restrictions laid down in the aforesaid arrangement for officers of like description: Provided, vu verthdess. That the powers therein directed to be exer- cised by the director and any two chief physicians and surgeons of the hospital shall, in the absence of the deputy director, be vested in and exercised by the next officer in the Hospital Department for the Southern arm}', and so on in succession, in conjunction with the two next seniors. March 27, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy purveyor of the hos- pital for the southern army, and, the ballots being taken and counted, Dr. Nathan Brownson was elected, he having been previously nomi- nated by Mr. Adams. April 18, 1781. "The Commander in Chief, considering the scarcity of hospital stuns and the advanced season, thinks proper to order a discontinuance of inocula- tion in the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.) April 21, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized to remove from office or employment for incapacity, negli- gence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior such persons not immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled as are or may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expendi- ture of the public supplies, stores, and other property, . . . and such of the said persons as are or may be, in his judgment,' unnecessary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office to whom it may belong, to supply the vacancy, the respective names of the persons so removed; That he be authorized to suspend from office or emplo} T ment, for similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension: Provided, That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he is herein - , authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial, and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingly; That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from the date thereof unless the persons suspended be upon trial acquitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place, when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to continue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed; That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Army or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret service by Congress, .or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or commanding officer of a separate department; That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. 394 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 15, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the hospital depart- ment for the southern army, and, the ballots being taken, Dr. David Oliphant was elected deputy director; Peter Fa} T ssoux, chief physician of the hospital; James Brown, chief physician of the Army; Robert Johnston and William Reed, hospital physicians, having been previously nominated by Mr. Matthews. * * * Resolved, That all such officers of the medical department, appointed under the directorship of Dr. Oliphant, as are now in captivity in South Carolina and Georgia, and have the charge of the sick prisoners in those States, be continued in their respective offices as heretofore, and be considered as vested with the same power and entitled to the same privileges and emoluments as they had and enjoyed before their captivity, to extend no further than to the troops and hospitals within the enemy's lines. May 28, 1781. Ordered, That the medical committee be discontinued, and that the committee lodge with the board of war all the returns and papers in their possession, and then be discharged; and that the business hereto- fore entrusted to them and the powers with which they were invested be transferred to the board. May 31, 1781. " Lieut. William Eysandeau, of the 5th Massachusetts Regt., is appointed until further orders to superintend the general military hospital." {Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.) June 11, 1781. Resolved, That the officers of the hospital and medical department now in service be allowed the depreciation upon their pa} T in the same manner as officers of the line of the Army. * * * Resolved, That ... all letters to and from him [the director of the hospital] be free. June IS, 1781. Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several States, to which the officers of the hospital and medical department now in service respectively belong, or of which they are or were inhabitants, to settle the accounts of the said officers for depreciation on the principles established by the resolution of Congress of the 10th of April, 1780, and to make provision for paying the balances that may be found due. ... July 10, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall from time "to time appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all necessary supplies for the use of the Army or armies of the United States, . . . and also for the transportation thereof. . . . THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 395 September W, 17SL Resolved, That the present vacancies of hospital physicians and sur- geons be rilled up by the senior surgeons of the hospital lately deranged; the. eldest hospital mates or regimental surgeons as shall be recom- mended by the director and chief physician and surgeon to the Army, That all future vacancies of hospital physicians and surgeons be tilled by the eldest regimental surgeons and hospital mates, who shall be reckoned of equal grades, who shall, upon examination, be' found qualified, and obtain a certificate of recommendation from the director and chief physician and surgeon of the Army, or of the deputy director and chief physician in a separate department; That the persons requisite to fill the higher grades in the hospital and medical department be appointed from time to time by Congress according to merit and abilities; That all surgeons to regiments or corps not belonging to the line of am T particular State be nominated by the director of the hospitals and the chief physician and surgeon of the Army, subject to the approba- tion of the Commander in Chief, and shall be equally entitled to promo- tion to hospital physicians and surgeons with the regimental surgeons of States lines. On recommendation of the director appointed by the board of war, Resolved, That Dr. Joseph Young, a deranged senior surgeon, and Doctors Goodwin Wilson, Daniel Jenifer, Samuel Edmondson, and George Campbell, eldest surgeon's mates, be promoted to the rank of hospital physicians and surgeons to fill the vacancies occasioned by the resignation of Doctors Bloomfield, Scott, Hagan, and Jackson, and the promotion of Dr. Burnet. On the recommendation of the deputy director, approved by the board of war, Resolved, That Doctors Thomas Tudor Tucker and Vickers be appointed physicians and surgeons in the hospital for the southern department; That Daniel Smith be appointed assistant deputy purveyor and John Carne assistant deputy apothecary in the southern department. September m, 1781. Ordered, That no appointment be made of mates to supply the places of those promoted in the general hospital by the resolution of the 20th instant until the further order of Congress. Otfober 2, 1781. "Capt. Pike, of Col. Scammell's regt. of infantry, is appointed to superintend the military hospital at Williamsburgh." "The gentlemen in the Medical Dept. from South Carolina are desired to do duty in the general hospital at Williamsburgh." {Orders, General Headquarters, before York.) October IS, 1781. Resolved, That Dr. Johnson, a hospital physician and surgeon, be, and ho is hereby, authorized to do the duty of deputy purveyor for the military hospital in the Southern Department until the further order of Congress. 396 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 3, 1782. Resolved, That for the more regular conducting the general hospital, the offices of chief physician and surgeon of the Army, and of chief hospital physician, be, and hereby are, abolished; and that the chief physician and surgeon to the Army, eldest in appointment, be con- tinued in service, under the title of physician, with the pay and emolu- ments heretofore allowed to a chief hospital physician; That the number of surgeons to all the military hospitals of the United States be reduced so as not to exceed fifteen; That the director have the general superintendence and direction of all the military hospitals, and of practice both in camp and in hospitals; That in the absence of the director, his duty devolve on the deput} r director or physician, and in their absence on the hospital surgeon, according to seniority; That the director, or in his absence the senior medical officer, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief or commanding general of a separate army, be, and hereby is, authorized and empowered, as often as may be judged necessary, to call a medical board, which shall consist of the three senior medical officers then present; and it shall be the duty of such board to appoint all hospital mates, to examine all candidates for promotion in the hospital department, and recommend to the Secretary at War such as they judge best qualified; and gener- ally to take cognizance of, and give their opinion and advice on, every matter relative to the department which may be submitted to them by the Commander in Chief or commanding general of a separate army: Provided always, That no regulation, plan, or order of the board shall be valid and take effect until approved by the Commander in Chief or commanding general of a separate army and issued in general orders. That all returns heretofore ordered to be made by the director or deputy director to the medical committee be made to the Secretary at War. That the stewards may, in the first instance, when the purveyor or his assistant is at a distance, be appointed by the director or senior medical officer, but shall be removable at pleasure and others substi- tuted in their stead by the purveyor or his assistant. And although in their purchases or issues they are to obey the orders of the pre- scribing surgeons, yet for the faithful discharge of their duty they are to be accountable to the purveyor, who shall in like manner be account- able to the United States. Wherefore the said stewards shall keep separate accounts of all they receive and of what they themselves pur- chase, and shall render an account monthly of all the issues, with their stock on hand, to the purveyor, who shall render the said accounts, together with a particular account of the supplies furnished by him- self or his assistants to each respective hospital, once every three months to the superintendents of finance. That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, empowered and directed, on or before the first day of February next, and hereafter from time to time, as the service may require, to arrange the depart- ment agreeably to the foregoing resolutions, and to issue his orders to such as he think proper to remain, pa} T ing a due regard in his first arrangement to such of the chief physicians and surgeons as may choose to continue in service in the rank of surgeons, and in his sub- sequent arrangements to such of the senior officers as may choose to remain in service. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 397 That such of the officers as shall not be called into service agreeably to the foregoing resolution be considered as reduced by Congress, and be entitled to the emoluments granted bv the act of Congress of the 17th of January, 1781. That when by reason of vacancies or otherwise any officer hereafter to be appointed in the hospital department, and whose appointment is reserved to Congress, due regard be paid to the officers next in rank, and that the appointment of hospital surgeons be from among the regi- mental surgeons and hospital mates: Provided, That no regimental surgeon shall be so appointed who shall not have submitted himself to an examination by the medical board and obtain from them a certificate that he is well qualified for the office of regimental surgeon, by which certificate the regimental surgeon shall be considered as superior in rank to an hospital mate, but not otherwise. Resolved, That the director, deputy director, physician, surgeons, and mates, as well hospital as regimental, receive their pay out of the military chest at the same time and in the same manner as the arm} 7 with which they serve; the abstracts to be signed by the director, deputy director, or physician, or in their absence by the senior hos pital surgeon; and the warrants to issue in the same manner as for the pay of the Army. January 10, 178%. Resolved, . . . ; the director, deputy director, or superintend- ing surgeon of any hospital shall furnish them, -the Inspector-General, or inspector of a separate army, with such returns as they may find necessary for the better execution of their office. * * * Ordered, That the present purveyor of the hospital, who was lately assistant deputy director of tne middle district, settle and certify the pay and other allowance due to the officers of the late hospital depart- ment, north of Potomac, up to the 4th day of October, 1780, the time that a new choice of officers took place. January 16, 178%. Resolved, That in the settlement of the accounts of such officers of the hospital and medical department as are entitled to an allowance for depreciation by any resolutions of Congress, the establishment of pay made upon the 8th day of April, 1777, be considered as specie. AprU n, 1782. U, sol 'rrd, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow- ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled to from the Quartermaster's Department, ... be, and they arc hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: * * * Director-general of the hospital 2 rat ions per day. Chief physician and Burgeon 2 do. Hospital surgeon 1 do. mate 1 do. steward 1 do. ward master ,.,,,,,.,,, ,,..,,, 1 do, 398 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 7, 1782. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is, authorized to appoint an inspector for the Main and Southern Army, to take care that the contracts for supplying rations be duh r executed by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of public property in the several departments of the Army, and report any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their propeilY, be liable to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the Commander in Chief, or commander of the army +o which the inspect- ors, respectively, shall be appointed, any resolution or act of Congress heretofore made notwithstanding. That the pay to each inspector be 16(>f dollars per month in full of all allowances. That each inspector when appointed shall take an oath for the faith- ful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspector of the contracts of the Army. June 6', 1782. Congress proceeded' to the election of a deputy purveyor for the southern hospital; and, the ballots being taken, Dr. N. Brownson was elected, having been previously nominated bv Mr. Bland. July 2$, 1782. Resolved, That in conducting the business of the general hospital there shall be an invariable standard of prices established, by which the apothecary shall be charged with every article he shall issue. The standard to be established by the medical board, or such person or persons as they shall appoint, which shall only be considered as a cer- tain ratio whereby to keep the accounts. But that in the settlement of all accounts in that department all deficient articles, not issued or returned, shall be accounted for at such real value as shall be estimated by the medical board and approved of by the Secretary at War. An account shall be taken as soon as possible of all the medicines, instruments, and property in the apothecary's department belonging to the public, in the hands of the apothecary, the deputies, assistants, and mates, the surgeons of the hospitals, and surgeons of regiments, for which they shall severally be charged at the standard value ascer- tained by the board, as aforesaid, and for all they may hereafter receive, but to account for deficiencies at the real value, to be estimated as aforesaid. The apothecary shall be accountable for all articles in his department to the purveyor throughout the States until they come into trie hands of the prescribers. And all deputies, assistants, and mates shall make returns and be accountable to the apothecary for the medicines, instru- ments, and other property belonging to the public in the department now in their hands, and of such as they may hereafter be possessed of. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 399 The apothecary shall make up his accounts at the expiration of every year, and settle them as soon after as possible, and before the expira- tion of six months. He shall, at the same time, make out two returns for the director of the hospital, one specifying what has been received and issued and the amount of what remains on hand, the other exhibit- ing a particular amount of the value of the medicines and other public property each prescriber has received within the year. All losses which ma}^ happen by the events of war, and other cir- cumstances unavoidable, shall be borne by the public. In cases of losses by fraud or neglect in any deputy, assistant, or mate, the apothe- cary shall not be accountable for such losses, provided the delinquent be convicted thereof before a court-martial appointed to try the same. The hospital prescribers shall be supplied, upon their own applica- tion, with medicines and instruments necessary for the sick and wounded under their care. Every regimental surgeon shall receive yearly from the apothecary a supply of medicines to such amount, b}^ the above standard, as the medical board shall judge necessary. Eveiy prescribing surgeon or physician, either in hospital or with the Army, shall be supplied by the apothecary with such a set of capi- tal instruments as the medical board shall judge necessary, and shall be accountable for all losses in medicines and instruments not arising from the events of war and other circumstances unavoidable. Dupli- cates of all returns made by the apothecary to the director shall be lodged in the Avar office. Resolved, That in the Army of the United States, excepting the southern arnw, at present under the command of Major-General ( i reene, the offices of assistant purveyor and assistant apothecary, and the storekeepers under the purveyor and apothecary, except one store- keeper under the purveyor to keep a store near the army, and all the clerks, except two to the purveyor, shall hereafter be discontinued. That all surgeons of the hospital shall take rank after the director of the hospital, deputy director, and physician to the Army, in the following order, viz: Those surgeons of the hospital who have been either deputy director, physician-general, surgeon-general, chief phy- sician, or chief surgeon to the hospital or Army shall take rank next to the above-mentioned officers, and their relative rank to each other shall be according to the dates of their respective appointments to either of the above offices. That all such as were regimental surgeons when appointed senior physician or surgeon to the hospital shall take rank with such senior physicians and surgeons agreeably to the date of their first appoint- ment, whether to the regiment or hospital. All surgeons the date of whose first appointments either to regi- ments roper that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically made >y the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, without material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. * * * An apothecary -general and two assistant apothecaries, to be provisionally retained. Five hospital surgeons. Fifteen hospital surgeon's mates. Two garrison surgeon's, to be provisionally retained. Ten garrison surgeon's mates, to be provisionally retained. * * * (General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April U, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That . . . the apothecary-general, as heretofore authorized, be allowed two assistant apothecaries. Sec. 2. That the medical staff shall be so extended that there shall be four hospital surgeons and eight hospital surgeon's mates to each division, with as many post surgeons as the service may require, not exceeding twelve to each division, who shall receive the same pay and emoluments as hospital surgeon's mates. . . . Act of March 18, 1818 (3 Stats., 4,10). AN ACT to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States, in the Revolutionary war. That ... all officers in the hospital department and medical staff who served in the war of the Revolution until the end thereof, or for the term of nine months, or longer, at any period of the war, in the continental establishment . . . who is yet a resident citizen of the United States, and who is, or hereafter, by reason of his reduced circumstances in life, shall be, in need of assistance from his country for support, and shall have substantiated his claim to a pension in the manner hereinafter directed, shall receive a pension from the United States; if an officer, of twenty dollars per month during life; . . . Provided, No person shall be entitled to the provisions of this act until he shall have relinquished his claim to every pension heretofore allowed him by the laws of the United States. 410 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 4.26). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. That so much of the act "fixing the military peace establishment of the United States," passed the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, as relates to hospital stewards and ward masters, and so much of the "Act for organizing the general staff, and making further provision for the Army of the United States," passed April twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, as relates to hospital surgeons, hospital surgeons' mates, . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. 2. That there shall be one Surgeon- General, with a salary of two thousand five hundred dollars per annum, one assistant surgeon- general, with the emoluments of a hospital surgeon, . . . and that the number of post surgeons be increased, not to exceed eight to each division. * * * May 1, 1820 (3-567). Section 5 of this act authorizes the President to direct a , portion of the money appropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's, Subsistence, and Medical departments to be applied to any other of the above- mentioned branches of expenditure. Act of May 8, 1820 (3 Stats., 570). AN ACT further to regulate the Medical Department of the Army. That the apothecary -general and assistant apothecaries-general shall severally give bonds to the United States, with good and sufficient security, for the faithful performance of their duties, in such sums as shall be required by the Surgeon-General of the Army, under the direction of the War Department. Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 10. That the Medical Department shall consist of one Surgeon- General, eight surgeons, with the compensation of regimental sur- geons, and forty-five assistant surgeons, with the compensation of post surgeons. Act of March 3, 1825 (4 Stats., 127). AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stores, or . . . med- ical supplies, which, upon proper inspection or survey, shall appear to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 411 Act of June 28, 1832 {4 Stats., 550). AN ACT to increase the number of surgeons and assistant surgeons in the Army of the United States. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint four additional surgeons and ten additional surgeons' mates in the Army of the United States. Act of June 30, 1834. (4 Stats., 714). AN ACT to increase and regulate the pay of the surgeons and assistant surgeons of the Army. That from and after the passing of this act no person shall receive the appointment of assistant surgeon in the Army of the United States unless he shall have been examined and approved by an army medical board, to consist of not less than three surgeons or assistant surgeons, who shall be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of War; and no person shall receive the appointment of surgeon in the Army of the United States unless he shall have served at least five years as an assistant surgeon, and unless also he shall have been examined by an army medical board, constituted as aforesaid. Sec. 2. That the surgeons in the Army of the United States shall be entitled to receive the pay and emoluments of a major; and the assistant surgeons who ^hall have served five years shall be entitled to receive the pay and emoluments of a captain; and those who shall have served less than five years, the pay and emoluments of a first lieutenant, and that the said assistant surgeons shall be entitled to receive the same allowance for forage as they are at present entitled to. Sec. 3. That every surgeon and assistant surgeon who shall have served faithfully ten years in these grades, respectively, shall be entitled to receive an increase of rations per day equal to the number of rations to which he may be entitled under this act. Act of July 4, 1836 (5 Stats., 117). AN ACT authorizing the appointment of additional paymasters, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized and empowered to appoint three additional surgeons and five assistant surgeons, to be attached to the medical staff of the Army. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * Sec. 12. That the stewards of hospitals at posts of more than four companies be hereafter allowed the pay, clothing, and rations of a sergeant of ordnance, and at all other posts the pay, clothing, and rations of the first sergeant of a company of infantry. 412 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 15. That every commissioned officer of the . . . staff, exclusive of general officers, shall be entitled to receive one additional ration per diem for every five years he may have served or shall serve in the Army of the United States. . . . * * * Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business, to and from . . . the Surgeon-General . . . shall be free from postage. * * * Sec. 24. That hereafter the officers of the . . . Medical Depart- ment of the Army shall receive the pay and emoluments of officers of cavalry of the same grades, respectively, according to which they are now paid by existing laws. * * * Sec. 33. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint seven addi- tional surgeons; and that the officers whose appointment is authorized in this section shall receive the pay and allowances of officers of the same grades, respectively. Act of July 7, 1838 {5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * * * Ninth. That the said act shall be so construed as to allow the > . . Surgeon-General of the Army the additional rations therein granted to officers of the line and staff for every five years' service. Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512). AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That within one month after the passage of this act the offices of . . ., two surgeons, and ten assistant surgeons of the Army shall be abolished, and that number of . . . surgeons and assistant surgeons shall be discharged by the President, and they shall be allowed three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they may be entitled at the time of their discharge. Act of June 18, 181,6 (9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States in such numbers that the officers of the . . . medical departments authorized by law be not sufficient to . . . furnishing them with the requisite medical attention, it shall be lawful THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 413 for the President to appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, as many additional officers of said departments as the service may require, not exceeding . . . one surgeon and one assistant surgeon for each regiment; . . . the said surgeons and assistant surgeons to perform such duties as the President shall direct: Provided, That the said officers shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are now allowed to officers of the same descriptions and grades in those departments, respectively; that they be subject to the rules and arti- cles of war, and continue in service only so long as their services shall be required in connection with the militia or volunteers. Act of February 11, 184,7 (9 Stats., 123). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force, and for other purposes. * * ' * Sec. 8. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint two additional surgeons, and twelve additional assistant surgeons in the Regular Army of the United States, subject to the provisions of an act entitled "An act to increase and regulate the pay of the surgeons and assistant sur- geons of the Army," approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four; and that the officers whose appointment is authorized by this section shall receive the pay and allowances of officers of the same grades, respectively; and that the rank of the officers of the Medical Department of the Army shall be arranged upon the same basis which at present determines the amount of their pay and emoluments: Pro- vided, That the medical officers shall not, in virtue of such rank, be entitled to command in the line or other staff departments of the Army. * * * ./"/// 10, 1848 (9-246). Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of July 19, 1848 (9 Stats., 247). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That so much of said act passed on the eleventh of February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge at the close of the war with Mexico of two additional surgeons and twelve additional assistant surgeons, as authorized by the eighth sec- tion of said act, ... be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Pro- vided, That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be filled up until further authorized by law. . . . Act of March 2, 1849 (9 Stats., 351). AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff and for an additional number of chaplains of the Army of the United States. That so much of section third of an act entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act supplemental to an act entitled an act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and 414 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the Republic of Mexico, and for other purposes,'" approved July nineteenth, eighteen hundred and forty-eight, as prevents the filling of vacancies in the Medical Department of the Army, until further authorized by law, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. 2. That the medical staff of the Army be increased by the addition of ten assistant surgeons, to be appointed as provided by existing laws and the regulations made under them. * * * September 28, 1850 (9-504). Moneys received from the sale of military stores and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction. Act of March 3, 1851 (9 Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis- abled soldiers of the Army of the United States. * -x- -x- That . . . the Surgeon-General . . . shall be ex officio commissioners of the same, . . . * * * Act of August 16, 1856 (11 Stats., 51). AN ACT providing for a necessary increase and better organization of the Medical and Hospital Department of the Army. That there be added to the Medical Department of the Army four surgeons and eight assistant surgeons, to be appointed in accordance with the existing laws. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as many competent hospital stewards as the service may require, not to exceed one for each military post, and said hospital stewards to be mustered and paid on hospital muster rolls as noncommissioned staff officers, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a sergeant of ordnance, and to be permanently attached to the Medical and Hospital Depart- ment, under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Act of June 21, 1860 (12 Stats., 64). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Medical Corps of the Arm}' four surgeons and four assistant surgeons, to be appointed in accord- ance with the existing laws. 1 Section 3 allows extra pay to soldiers acting as cooks and nurses in hospitals. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 415 Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixtv-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in an} r of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising, a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by tne public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfill- ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist- ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms nor military supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be pur- chased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of Fehruai-y 21, 1861 (12 Stats., 11,7). AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled, "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be and the same is hereby repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stats., 2U). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured 416 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropria- tions for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Gov- ernment for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-thirdj of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of July 22, 1861 {12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property Sec. 3. . . . Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one surgeon. . . . ' Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287.) AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. Sec. 2. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in addition to the number authorized by existing laws and in accordance with existing regulations, . . . ten surgeons and twenty assistant sur- geons, to have the pay, rank, and allowances, and perform the duties of similar officers in the present military establishment. . . . * * Sec. 5. That there be added to the medical staff of the Army a corps of medical cadets, whose duty it shall be to act as dressers in the gen- eral hospitals, and as ambulance attendants in the field, under the direction and control of the medical officers alone. They shall have the same rank and pay as the military cadets at West Point. Their num- ber shall be regulated by the exigencies of the service, at no time to exceed fifty. It shall be composed of young men of liberal education, students of medicine, between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three, who have been reading medicine for two years, and have attended at least one course of lectures in a medical college. They shall enlist for one year, and be subject to the rules and articles of war. On the fifteenth day of the last month of their service the near approach of their discharge shall be reported to the Surgeon-General, in order, if desired, that they may be relieved by another detail of applicants. Sec. 6. That in general or permanent hospitals female nurses may be substituted for soldiers when, in the opinion of the Surgeon-General or medical officer in charge, it is expedient to do so; the number of female nurses to be indicated by the Surgeon-General or surgeon in charge of the hospital. The nurses so employed to receive forty cents THE MEDICAL DEPAKTMENT. 417 a day and one ration in kind, or by commutation, in lieu of all emolu- ments except transportation in kind. * * * Sec. 14. That there may be allowed in hospitals, to be provided under such rules as the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval of the Secretary of War, may prescribe such quantities of f resn or pre- served fruits, milk or butter, and of eggs as may be necessary for the proper diet of the sick. Act of April 16, 1862 {12 Stats., 378). AN ACT to reorganize and increase the efficiency of the Medical Department of the Army. That there shall be added to the present Medical Corps of the Army ten surgeons and ten assistant surgeons, to be promoted and appointed under existing laws; twenty medical cadets, and as many hospital stewards as the Surgeon-General may consider necessary for the public service; and that their pay and that of all hospital stewards in the volunteer as well as the regular service shall be thirty dollars per month, to be computed from the passage of this act. And all med- ical cadets in the service shall, in addition to their pay, receive one ration per day, either in kind or commutation. Sec. 2. That the Surgeon-General to be appointed under this act shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general. There shall be one assistant surgeon-general and one medical inspector- general of hospitals, each with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; and the medical inspector-general shall have, under the direction of the Surgeon-General, the supervision of all that relates to the sanitary condition of the Army, whether in transports, quarters, or camps, and of the hygiene, police, discipline, and effi- ciency of field and general hospitals, under such regulations as may hereafter be established. Sec. 3. That there shall be eight medical inspectors with the ranks, pay, and emoluments each of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and who shall be charged with the duty of inspecting the sanitary condition of transports, quarters, and camps, of field and general hospitals, and who shall report to the medical inspector-general, under such regula- tions as may be hereafter established, all circumstances relating to the sanitary condition and wants of the troops and of the hospitals, and to the skill, efficiency, and good conduct of the officers and attendants connected with the Medical Department. Sec. 4. That the Surgeon-General, the assistant surgeon-general, medical inspector-general, and medical inspector shall, immediately after the passage of this act, be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, by selection from the Med- ical Corps of the Army, or from the surgeons in the volunteer service, without regard to their rank when so selected, but with sole regard to qualifications. Sec. 5. That the medical purveyors shall be charged, under the direction of the Surgeon-General, with the selection and purchase of all medical supplies, including new standard preparations, and of all books, instruments, hospital stores, furniture, and other articles S. Doc. 229 27 418 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. required for the sick and wounded of the Army. In all cases of emer- gency thej r may provide such additional accommodations for the sick and wouncled of the Arnry , and may transport such medical supplies 'as circumstances may render necessary, under such regulations as may hereafter be established, and shall make prompt and immediate issues upon all special requisitions made upon them under such circumstances by medical officers; and the special requisitions shall consist simply of a list of the articles required, the qualities required, dated and signed b}' the medical officers requiring them. Sec. 6. That whenever the Inspector-General or any one of the medical inspectors shall report an officer of the Medical Corps as dis- qualified, by age or otherwise, for promotion to a higher grade, or unfitted for the performance of his professional duties, he shall be reported by the Surgeon-General for examination to a medical board, as provided by the seventeenth section of the act approved August third, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. Sec. 7. That the provisions of this act shall continue and be in force during the existence of the present rebellion and no longer: Provided, however, That when this act shall expire all officers who shall have been promoted from the medical staff of the Army under this act shall retain their respective rank in the Army with such promotion as they would have been entitled to. Act of May U, 1862 (12 Stats., 385). AN ACT to facilitate ,the discharge of enlisted men for physical disability. That the medical Inspector-General or any medical inspector is hereby authorized and empowered to discharge from the service of the United States any soldier, or enlisted man, with the consent of such soldier or enlisted man, in the permanent hospitals, laboring under any physical disability which makes it disadvantageous to the service that he be retained therein, and the certificate in writing of such Inspector-General or medical inspector, setting forth the existence and nature of such physical disabilfty, shall be sufficient evidence of such discharge: Provided, however, That every such certificate shall appear on its face to have been founded on personal inspection of the soldier so discharged, and shall specifically describe the nature and origin of such disability ; . . . and report the same to the Adju- tant-General and the Surgeon-General. Act of May 20, 1862 l (12 Stats., 403). AN ACT to authorize the appointment of medical storekeepers and chaplains of hospitals. That the Secretary of War be authorized to add to the Medical Department of the Arm}- medical storekeepers, not exceeding six in number, who shall have the pay and emoluments of military store- keepers in the Quartermaster's Department, who shall be skilled apoth- ecaries or druggists, who shall give the bond and security required by existing laws for military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, and who shall be stationed at such points as the necessities of 1 Section 2 authorizes the appointment of a chaplain to each permanent hospital, whose pay shall be the same as that of a regimental chaplain. THE MEDICAL DEPAKTMENT. 419 the Army may require: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall remain in force only during 1 the continuance of the present rebellion. * * * June 2, 1S62 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. Act of July 0, 1862 (12 Stats., 502). AN ACT to provide for additional medical officers of the volunteer service. That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, forty surgeons and one hundred and twenty assistant surgeons of volunteers, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of officers of corresponding grades in the Regular Army : Provided, That no one shall be appointed to any position under this act unless he shall previously have been examined by a board of medical officers to be appointed by the Secretary of War, and that vacancies in the grade of surgeon shall be filled by selection from the grade of assistant surgeon on the ground of merit only: And provided further, That this act shall continue in force only during the existence of the present rebellion. Sec. 2. That from and after the passage of this act brigade surgeons shall be known and designated as surgeons of volunteers, and shall be attached to the general medical staff, under the direction of the Surgeon- General; and hereafter such appointments for the medical service of the Army shall be appointed surgeons of volunteers. * * * July 17, 1862 (12-594). Contractors for military supplies guilty of fraud to be subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all inspectors of military supplies. Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the act3 amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 16. That the medical purveyors and storekeepers shall give bonds in such sums as the Secretary of War may require, with security to be approved by him. Act of December 27, 1862 (12 Stats., 633). AN ACT to facilitate the discharge of disabled soldiers from the Army, and the inspection oi convalescent camps and hospitals. That there shall be added to the present Medical Corps of the Army eight medical inspectors, who shall, immediately after the passage of this act, be appointed by the President, by ana with the advice and consent of the Senate, without regard to their rank when so selected, but with sole regard to qualifications, and who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments now authorized by law to officers of that grade. 420 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 2 That the officers of the medical inspector's department shall be charged, in addition to the duties now assigned to them by existing laws, with the duty of making regular and frequent inspections of all military general hospitals and convalescent camps, and shall, upon such inspection, designate to the surgeon in charge of- such hospitals or camps, all soldiers who may be, in their opinion, fit subjects for dis- charge from the service, on surgeon's certificate of disability, or suf- ficiently recovered to be returned to their regiments for dutj^, and shall see that such soldiers are discharged or so returned. And the medical inspecting officers are hereby empowered, under such regulations as may be hereafter established, to direct the return to duty or the dis- charge from the service, as the case may be, of all soldiers designated by them. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 743). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes. Sec. 8. That the officers of the Medical Department shall unite with the line officers of the Army, under ,such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War, in supervising the cooking within the same as an important sanitary measure, and that said Med- ical Department shall promulgate to its officers such regulations and instructions as may tend to insure the proper preparation of the ration of the soldier. Act of March 11, 186 % {13 Stats., 20). AN ACT to establish a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United States. That the medical director or chief medical officer, of each army corps shall, under the control of the medical director of the army to which such army corps belongs, have the direction and supervision of all ambulances, medicine, and other wagons, horses, mules, harness, and other fixtures appertaining thereto, and of all officers and men who may be detailed or employed to assist him in the management thereof , in the army corps in which he may be serving. Sec. 2. That the commanding officer of each arnry corps shall detail officers and enlisted men for service in the ambulance corps of such army corps, upon the following basis, viz: One captain, who shall be commandant of said ambulance corps; one first lieutenant for each division in such army corps; one second lieutenant for each brigade in such army corps; one sergeant for each regiment in such army corps; three privates for each ambulance, and one private for each wagon: and the officers and noncommissioned officers of the ambulance corps shall be mounted: Provided, That the officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates so detailed for each army corps shall be examined by a board of medical officers of such army corps as to their fitness for such duty; and that such as are found to be not qualified shall be rejected and others detailed in their stead. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 421 Sec. 3. That there shall be allowed and furnished to each army corps two-horse ambulances, upon the following basis, to wit: Threfetoeach regiment of infantry of live hundred men or more; two to each regi- ment of infantry of more than two hundred and less than five hundred men or more; and one to each regiment of infantry of less than two hundred men; two to each regiment of cavalry of five hundred men or more; and one to each regiment of cavalry of less than five hundred men; one to each battery of artillery, to which battery of artillery it shall be permanently attached; to the headquarters of each army corps, two such ambulances; and to each division train of ambulances, two army wagons; and ambulances shall be allowed and furnished to divi- sion brigades and commands not attached to any army corps upon the same basis, and each ambulance shall be provided with such number of stretchers and other appliances as shall be prescribed by the Surgeon- General: Provided, That the ambulances and wagons herein mentioned shall be furnished, so far as practicable, from the ambulances and wagons now in the service. Sec. 4. That horse and mule litters may be adopted or authorized by the Secretary of War, in lieu of ambulances, when judged neces- sary, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the medical director of each army corps. Sec. 5. That the captain shall be the commander of all the ambu- lances, medicine, and other wagons in the corps under the immediate direction of the medical director or chief medical officer of the army corps to which the ambulance corps belongs. He shall pay special attention to the condition of the ambulances, wagons, horses, mules, harness, and other fixtures appertaining thereto, and see that they are at all times in readiness for service; that the officers and men of the ambulance corps are properly instructed in their duties, and that their duties are performed, and that the regulations which may be pre- scribed by the Secretary of War or the Surgeon-General for the gov- ernment of the ambulance corps are strictly observed by those under his command. It shall be his duty to institute a drill in his corps, instructing his men in the most easy and expeditious manner of mov- ing the sick and wounded, and to require in all cases that the sick and wounded shall be treated with gentleness and care, and that the ambu- lances and wagons are at all times provided with attendants, drivers, horses, mules, and whatever maybe necessary for their efficiency; and it shall be his duty also to see that the ambulances are not used for any other purpose than that for which they are designed and ordered. It shall be the duty of the medical director or chief medical officer of the army corps, previous to a march and previous to and in time of action, or whenever it may be necessary to use the ambulances, to issue proper orders to the captain for the distribution and management of the same, for collecting the sick and wounded and conveying them to their destination. And it shall be the duty of the captain, faithfully and diligently to execute such orders. And the officers of the ambulance corps, including the medical director, shall make such reports from time to time as may be required by the Secretary of War, the Surgeon- General, and medical director of the Army, or the commanding officer of the army corps in which they may be serving; and all reports to higher authority than the commanding officer of the army corps shall be transmitted through the medical director of the Army to which such army corps belongs. 422 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Sec. 6. That the first lieutenant assigned to the ambulance corps for a division shall have complete control, under the captain of his corps and the medical director of the army corps, of all the ambulances, medicine, and other wagons, horses, mules, and men in that portion of the ambulance corps. He shall be the acting assistant quartermaster for that portion of the ambulance corps, and will receipt for and be responsible for all the property belonging to it, and be held responsi- ble for any deficiency in anything appertaining- thereto. He shall have a traveling cavalry forge, a blacksmith, and a saddler, who shall be under his orders, to enable him to keep his train in order. He shall have authority to draw supplies from the depot quartermaster upon requisitions approved by the captain of his corps, the medical director, and the commander of the army corps to which he is attached. It shall be his duty to exercise a constant supervision over his train in every particular, and keep it at all times ready for service. Sec. 7. That the second lieutenant shall have command of the portion of the ambulance corps for a brigade, and shall be under the immediate orders of the first lieutenant, and he shall exercise a careful supervision over the sergeants and privates assigned to the portion of the ambu- lance corps for his brigade; and it shall be the duty of the sergeants to conduct the drills and inspections of the ambulances, under his orders, of their respective regiments. Sec. 8. That the ambulances in the armies of the United States shall be used only for the transportation of the sick and wounded, and, in urgent cases only, for medical supplies, and all persons shall be pro- hibited from using them, or requiring them to be used, for any other purpose. It shall be the dut} r of the officers of the ambulance corps to report to the commander of the army corps any violation of the pro- visions of this section, or any attempt to violate the same. And any officer who shall use an ambulance, or require it to be used for any other purpose than as provided in this section, shall for the first offense be publicly reprimanded by the commander of the army corps in which he may be serving, and for the second offense shall be dismissed from the service. Sec. 9. That no person except the proper medical officers, or the officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates of the ambulance corps, or such persons as may be especially assigned by competent military authority to duty with the ambulance corps for the occasion, shall be permitted to take or accompany sick or wounded men to the rear either on the march or upon the field of battle. Sec. 10. That the officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates of the ambulance corps shall be designated by such uniform or in such manner as the Secretary of War shall deem proper: Provided, That officers and men may be relieved from service in said corps and others detailed to the same, subject to the examination provided in the second section of this act, in the discretion of the commanders of the armies in which they may be serving. Sec. 11. That it shall be the duty of the commander of the army corps to transmit to the Adjutant-General the names and rank of all officers and enlisted men detailed for service in the ambulance corps of such army corps, stating the organizations from which they may have been so detailed; and if such officers and men belong to volun- teer organizations, the Adjutant-General shall thereupon notify the governors of the several States in which such organizations were THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 423 raised of their detail for such service, and it shall be the duty of the commander of the army corps to report to the Adjutant-General from time to time the conduct and behavior of the officers and enlisted men of the ambulance corps, and the Adjutant-General shall forward copies of such reports, so far as they relate to officers and enlisted men of volunteer organizations, to the governors of the States in which such organizations were raised. Sec. 12. That nothing in this act shall be construed to diminish or impair the rightful authority of the commanders of armies, army corps, or separate detachments, over the medical and other officers and the noncommissioned officers and privates of their respective commands. April 9, 1864 (10-46). Commanders of hospitals to afford to chaplains on duty thereat such facilities as may aid them in the performance of their duties. .hihl 4, 1864. Hospital matrons, from and after July 1, to receive $10 per month and 1 ration. Act of February 25, 1865 (13 Stats., 437). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the Medical Corps of the Army. That the medical director of an army in the field consisting of two or more army corps, and the medical director of a military depart- ment in which there are United States general hospitals containing four thousand beds or upwards, shall have the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of a colonel of cavalry; and the medical director of an army corps in the field, or of a department in which there are United States hospitals containing less than four thousand beds, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. But this increased rank and pay shall only continue to medical officers while discharging such special duties; and the assignments from time to time to such duty shall be at least two-thirds of them made from among the surgeons and assistant surgeons of volunteers. March 10, 1866 (14-351). Authorizes issue of blankets, bedding, etc., in the stores of the Surgeon-General and no longer needed to the National Home for Soldiers and Sailors' Orphans of Washington City. July 14, 1866 (14-364). Surplus bedding and hospital furniture may be issued to families rendered homeless and destitute by fire in Portland, Me. July 16, 1866 (14-173). Medical stores and attendance may be furnished to desti- tute refugees and freedmen. Act of July 28, 1866 (Ij. Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 17. That the Medical Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Surgeon-General with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; one chief medical pur- veyor and four assistant medical purveyors with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry, who shall give the same bonds which are or may be required of assistant paymaster-generals of like grade, and shall, when not acting as purveyors, be assignable to duty as surgeons by the President; sixty surgeons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; otic hundred and fifty assistant surgeons with the rank, pay. and emoluments of lieutenants of cavalry 424 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. for the first three years' service, and with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of captains of cavalry after three years' service; and five medi- cal storekeepers with the same compensation as is now provided by law; and all the original vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon shall be filled by selection by examination from among the persons who have served as staff or regimental surgeons, or assistant surgeons of volunteers in th<* Army of the United States two years during the late war; and persons who have served as assistant surgeons three j^ears in the volunteer service shall be eligible for promotion to the grade of captain; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to appoint from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as manj 7 hospital stewards as the service may require, to be per- manently attached to the Medical Department, under such regulations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . Surgeon-General . . . shall here- after be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong, and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by this act in the . . . medical . . . departments until he shall have passed the examination now required by law. Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 428). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That so much of the act entitled "An act to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," approved July twenty : eight, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, as related to the promo- tion of assistant surgeons after three years' service shall be amended so as to read "And persons who have served as surgeons or assistant surgeons three years in the volunteer force shall be eligible for pro- motion to the grade of captain." * * March 2, 1867 {14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. March 22, 1867 {15-21). Surplus medical stores may be sold at first prices to the National Asylum for Disabled Volunteers. . Resolution of March 12, 1868 (IS Stats., 250). A RESOLUTION providing for the issue of clothing to soldiers and others to replace clothing destroyed to prevent contagion. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized at any time, on the recommendation of the Surgeon-General of the Army, to order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed and attended such soldiers, to replace the articles of their clothing which have been destroyed by order of the proper medical officers to prevent contagion. June25, 1868 {15-254). All distilled spirits produced during experiments for testing meters for the Internal-Revenue Service to be sold to the Surgeon-General for use in the army hospitals. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 425 Art nf.lnh, 07, 1868 (15 Stats. AN ACT making appropriations for the service of the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and establishing additional regulations for the government of the institution, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. . . . That all expenditures for the said Providence Hos- pital and appropriations of Congress shall be made under tne direction and control of the Surgeon-General of the Army, whose duty it shall be to report at the December session of every Congress a full and com- plete statement of all expenses incurred under and by virtue of appro- priations made by Congress. Sec. 7. . . . all expenditures for the Columbia Hospital for Women and Lying-in Asylum shall be under the direction of the Sur- geon-General of the Army, who shall also report to Congress at every December session a full and accurate account of all expenditures made by said asylum out of appropriations by Congress. . . . March 3, 1869 (15-301). Contract for hospital treatment of 60 transient paupers, etc., in Washington to be made by the Surgeon-General. [In 1872 the contract was to be made by the Secretary of War; in 1874 the number of transients was increased to 75; and since 1876 the duty was intrusted to the Surgeon-General and Providence Hospital designated as the institution.] Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Medical Department. Act of June 17, 1870 (16 Stats., 153). AN ACT to provide for furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers. That every soldier who was disabled during the late war for the suppression of the rebellion, and who was furnished by the War Department with an artificial limb, or apparatus for resection, shall be entitled to receive a new limb or apparatus as soon after the pas- sage of this act as the same can be practicably furnished, and at the expiration of every five years thereafter, under such regulations as maybe prescribed by the Surgeon-General of the Army: Provided, That the soldier may, if he so elect, receive instead of said limb or apparatus the money value thereof at the following rates, viz: For artificial legs, seventy-five dollars; for arms, fifty dollars; for feet, fifty dollars; for apparatus for resection, fifty dollars. Sec. 2. That the ourgeon-General shall certify to the Commissioner of Pensions a list of all soldiers who have elected to receive money commutation instead of limbs or apparatus, with the amount due to each, and the Commissioner of Pensions shall cause the same to be paid to such soldiers . . . 426 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 12, 1872 (17 Stats., Ifi). AN ACT to provide for the designation of a chief medical purveyor. That the President of the United States be, and hereby is, author- ized to appoint by selection from the present assistant medical pur- veyors, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a chief medical purveyor of the Army to fill the vacancy now existing. Noth- ing herein shall be construed to increase the pay of the officers appointed to fill said vacancy. May 15, 1872 (17-117). This act establishes rates of pay of hospital stewards from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. x 1280, R. S.) Act of May 28, 1872 (17 Stats., 164). AN ACT to provide for furnishing trusses to disabled soldiers. That every soldier of the Union Army who was ruptured while in the line of duty during the late war for the suppression of the rebel- lion shall be entitled to receive a single or double truss of such style as may be designated by the Surgeon-General of the United States Army as the best suited for such disability. Sec. 2. That application for such truss shall be made by the ruptured soldier to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it shall be to examine such applicant, and for every such applicant found to have a rupture or hernia shall prepare and forward to the Surgeon-General an application for such truss, without charge to the soldier. Sec. 3. That the Surgeon-General of the United States Army is hereby authorized and directed to purchase and procure the number of trusses which may be required for distribution to such disabled sol- diers, at a price not greater than the same are sold to the trade at wholesale; and the cost of the same shall be paid, upon the requisition of the Surgeon- General, out of any moneys in the Treasury not other- wise appropriated. Act of June 8, 1872 (17 Stats., 338). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act to provide for furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers," approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy. That the acts approved June seventeen, eighteen hundred and sev- enty, and June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy, for supplying artificial limbs, or commutation for the same, to officers, soldiers, and seamen, shall apply to all officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted and hired men of the land and naval forces of the United States who, in the line of their duty as such, shall have lost limbs or sustained bodily injuries depriving them of the use of any of their limbs, to be determined by the Surgeon-General of the Army. * * * June 10, 1872 (17-347). After June 30, 1872, control of Freedmen's Hospital is to be vested in the Secretary of War [presumably under the supervision of the Surgeon- General]. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 427 Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 582). AN ACT to provide for the establishment of a military prison, and for its govern- ment. Sec. 4. That the officers of the prison shall consist of ... a surgeon, . . . who shall be detailed by the Secretary of War from the commissioned officers of the Army; . . . Resolution of March 25, 187 % (18 Stats., 286). JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the Secretary of War to detail a medical officer of the Army to inquire into and report upon the causes of epidemic cholera. That the Secretary of "War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to detail one medical officer of the Army, who shall, during the present year, under the direction of the Surgeon-General of the Army, . . . visit the towns at which cholera prevailed during eighteen hundred and seventy-three, or such of them as in the opinion of the Surgeon-General . . . may be necessary, confer with the health authorities and resident physicians of such towns, and collect as far as possible all facts of importance with regard to such epidemic, and shall make a detailed report of the information collected on or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy -five, to the President, to be submitted to Congress. And the Surgeon-General is hereby authorized and directed to report to the Secretary of War, for publication, such information on the subject as he may have or shall obtain. Act of June 23, 187 "j, (18 Stats., 2U). AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. * * * Sec. 4. That the Medical Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Surgeon-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general, and one chief medical purveyor, each with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel; and two assistant medical purveyors, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels, who shall give the same bonds which are or may be required of assistant paymasters-general of like grade, and shall, when not acting as purveyors, be assignable to duty as sur- geons by the President; fifty surgeons with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of majors; one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenants of cavalry for the first five years' service, and with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry after five years' service; and four medical storekeepers, with the same compensation as is now provided by law; and all the original vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon .shall bo filled by selection by competitive examination; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to appoint, from the enlisted nun of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as many hospital stewards as the service may require, to be permanently attached to the Medical Department, under such regu- 428 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. lations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. And the number of contract surgeons shall be limited to seventy-five, on or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-five; and there- after no more than that number shall be employed. * * * Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made, reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff. Sec. 7, That as vacancies shall occur in any of the grades of the . . . medical departments, no appointments shall be made to fill the same until the numbers in such grade shall be reduced to the numbers which are fixed for permanent appointments by the provi- sions of this act; and thereafter the number of permanent officers in said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers, and all other grades in said . . . medical departments than those authorized by the provisions of this act shall cease to exist as soon as the same shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise; and no appointment or promotion shall hereafter be made to fill any vacancy which may occur therein. Sec. 8. That so much of section six of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur- poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the . . . medical departments of the Army be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That this section repealing said section shall not apply to any of the grades of the medical . . . departments which are omitted or abolished by the provisions of this act. Act of January 1st, 1875 (18 Stats., 29$). AN ACT suspending so much of the act entitled "An act reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, as applies to contract surgeons. That so much of the act entitled "An act reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-four, as applies to contract surgeons, be, and is hereby, suspended until otherwise provided by law. Act of June 26, 1876 {19 Stats., 61). AN ACT to reduce the number and increase the efficiency of the medical corps of the United States Army. That the number of assistant surgeons now allowed by law shall be reduced to one hundred and twenty -five; that the office of medical store- keeper is hereby abolished; that from and after the passage of this act, in addition to the grades now allowed by law, there shall be four surgeons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels; eight sur- geons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels, to be promoted by seniority from the medical officers of the Army; that this act shall not be construed to deprive any medical officer or store- keeper now in office of his commission in the United States Army. August 15, 1876 {19-203). The Surgeon-General to prescribe regulations to govern the issue, once every five years, of artificial limbs or appliances, or commutation therefor, to officers and men who shall have lost a limb or sustained injuries depriv- ing them of the use of any of their limbs. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 429 REVISED STATUTES 2D EDITION 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * The Medical Department. The hospital stewards of the Medical Department. * * * . . . a hospital steward for each military post. * * * Sec. 1127. Commanders of hospitals to afford to chaplains on duty thereat such facilities as may aid them in the performance of their duties. * * * Sec. 1168. The Medical Department of the Army shall consist of one Surgeon-General, with the rank of brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; one chief med- ical purveyor and four assistant medical purveyors, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; sixty surgeons with the rank of major of cavalry; one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons, with the rank of lieutenant of cavalry for the first three years of service, and the rank of captain of cavalry after three years of service; and five medical store- keepers, with the rank of captain of cavalrv. All the original vacan- cies in the grade of assistant surgeon shall be filled by selection by examination from among the persons who have served as staff or regi- mental surgeons or assistant surgeons of volunteers in the Army of the United States during the late war. Sec. 1169. Officers of the Medical Department of the Army shall not be entitled in virtue of their rank to command in the line or in other staff corps. Sec. 1170. Assistant surgeons who have served three years as sur- geons or assistant surgeons in the volunteer forces shall be eligible to promotion to the grade of captain. Sec. 1171. The chief medical purveyor and the assistant medical purveyors may be assigned by the President to duty as surgeons when not acting as purveyors. Sec. 1172. No person shall receive the appointment of assistant sur- geon unless he shall have been examined and approved by an army medical board, consisting of not less than three surgeons or assistant surgeons, designated by the Secretary of War; and no person shall receive the appointment of surgeon unless he shall have served at least five years as an assistant surgeon in the Regular Army, and shall have been examined and approved by an army medical board, consisting of not Jess than three surgeons, designated as aforesaid. Sec. 1173. The chief medical purveyor shall have, under the direc- tion of the Surgeon-General, supervision of the purchase and distri- bution of the hospital and medical supplies. Sec. 1174. The officers of the Medical Department of the Army shall unite with the officers of the line under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War in superintending the cooking done by the enlisted men; and the Surgeon-General shall pro- mulgate to the officers of said corps such regulations and instructions as may tend to insure the proper preparation of the ration of the soldier. Sec. 1175. Such quantities of fresh or preserved fruits, milk, but- 430 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ter, and eggs as may be necessary for the proper diet of the sick may be allowed in hospitals. They shall be provided under such rules as the Surgeon-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War, shall prescribe. Sec. 1176. Every soldier of the Union Army who was ruptured while in the line of duty during the war for the suppression of the rebellion is entitled to receive a single or double truss, of such style as may be designated by the Surgeon-General as best suited for his disability. Sec. 1177. Application for such truss shall be made by the ruptured soldier to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it shall be to examine the applicant, and when found to have a rupture or hernia to prepare and forward to the Surgeon-General an application for such truss without charge to the soldier. Sec. 1178. The Surgeon-General is authorized and directed to pur- chase the trusses required for such soldiers at wholesale prices, and the cost of the same shall be paid upon the requisition of the Surgeon- General out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. Sec. 1179. There shall be one hospital steward for each military post, who may be enlisted in that grade or appointed by the Secre- tary of War from the enlisted men of the Arm} 7 , and shall be perma- nently attached to the Medical Corps, under such regulations as he may prescribe. Sec. 1180. The Secretary of War may appoint from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as man} 7 hospital stewards as the service may require, to be permanently attached to the Medical Corps, under such regulations as he may prescribe. Sec. 1181. Hospital stewards shall be graded as hospital stewards of the first class, hospital stewards of the second class, and hospital stewards of the third class. * * * Sec. 1191. . . . , the chief medical purveyor and assistant med- ical purveyors and all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so prescribed. . . . * * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Surgeon-General . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in ,the . . . medical departments. * * * Sec. 1238. Women may be employed, instead of soldiers, as nurses in general or permanent hospitals, at such times and in such numbers as the Surgeon-General or the medical officer in charge of any such hospital may deem proper. Sec. 1239. Hospital matrons and nurses may be employed in post or regimental hospitals in such numbers as may be necessary. * * * Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 431 unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall ' made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the g&iva shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1277. Hospital matrons in post or regimental hospitals shall receive ten dollars a month, and female nurses in general hospitals shall receive forty cents a day. One ration in kind or by commutation shall be allowed to each. * * * Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the Arm}- shall, during the first term of enlistment, be as follows, with the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided: * * * Hospital stewards, first class, thirty dollars. Hospital stewards, second class, twenty-two dollars. Hospital stewards, third class, twenty dollars. Section 1281 adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth years of first enlistment, and section 1282 fixes the pay of men reenlisting at rate of pay for third year of first term. * * * Sec. 1295. . . . hospital matrons, and the nurses employed in post or regimental hospitals shall be entitled to receive one ration dailv. * * * Sec. 1298. The Secretary of War may, on the recommendation of the Surgeon-General, order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed them, to replace any articles of their clothing destroyed by order of the proper medical officers to prevent contagion. * * * Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to be charged against the officer responsible unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 1347. The officers of the [military] prison shall consist of . a surgeon, . . . who shall be detailed by the Secretary of War from the commissioned officers of the Army; . . . * * * Sec. 1647. . . . Each brigade [of militia called into service] shall have . . . one surgeon, . . . * * * Skc. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 18(50, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officer of the Department of War . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Dp^art- 432 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. merit for which such supplies or services are required, subject never- theless to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury, Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made, unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, . . * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * * Sec. 4787. Every officer, soldier, seaman, and marine who was dis- abled during the war for the suppression of the rebellion, in the mili- tary or naval service, and in the line of duty, or in consequence of wounds received or disease contracted therein, and who was furnished by the War Department since the seventeenth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy, with an artificial limb or apparatus since said date, shall be entitled to receive a new limb or apparatus at the expira- tion of every five years thereafter under such regulations as have been or may be prescribed by the Surgeon-General of the Army. The provisions of this section shall apply to all officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted and hired men of the land and naval forces of the United States, who, in the line of their duty as such, shall have lost limbs or sustained bodily injuries depriving them of the use of any of their limbs, to be determined by the Surgeon -General of the Army; and the term of five years herein specified shall be held to commence in each case with the filing of the application for the benefits of this section. Sec. 4788. Every person entitled to the benefits of the preceding section may, if he so elects, receive instead of such limb or apparatus the money value thereof, at the following rates, namely : For artificial legs, seventy-five dollars; for arms, fifty dollars; for feet, fifty dollars; for apparatus, for resection, fifty dollars. Sec. 4789. The Surgeon-General shall certify to the Commissioner of Pensions a list of soldiers who elect to receive money commutation instead of limbs or apparatus, with the amount due to each, and the Commissioner of Pensions shall cause the same to be paid to such soldiers in the same manner as pensions are paid. * * * Sec. 4815! . . . The Surgeon-General . . . shall consti- tute a Board of Commissioners for the Soldiers' Home. STATUTES AT LARGE. May 4, 1880 {21-110). Subsistence supplies may be sold to hospitals at cost prices, not including cost of transportation, upon the certificate of the officer in charge of a hospital, that the supplies are necessary for the exclusive use of such hospital. March 3, 1882 (22-456). Civilian employees of the army at military posts may purchase medical supplies, prescribed by a medical officer of the Army, at cost, with ten per centum added. March 10, 1882 (22-378). Hospital tents may be issued for the relief of sufferers from the overflow of the Mississippi River. June 30, 1882 (22-117). An army and navy hospital to be erected at Hot Springs, Ark., on plans to be approved by the surgeons-general of the Army and Navy. THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 433 Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 564). -::- * * Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . the Surgeon-General, . . . Act of July 5, 1884, (23 Stats., 107). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30th, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * Medical Department. . . . That officers of the Medical Department shall take rank and precedence in accordance with date of commission or appointment, and shall be so borne on the official Army Register: Provided, That the medical officers of the Army and con- tract surgeons shall, whenever practicable, attend the families of the officers and soldiers free of charge. * * * Mirch 2, 1885 (23-339). Provides for the erection of a building to contain the records, library, and museum of the medical department of the Army. Act of March 1, 1887 (24. Stats., JfiS). AN ACT to organize the Hospital Corps of the Army of the United States, to define its duty, and fix- its pay. That the Hospital Corps of the United States Army shall consist of hospital stewards, acting hospital stewards, and privates; and all necessary hospital services in garrison, camp, or field (including ambu- lance service) shall be performed by the members thereof, wno shall be regularly enlisted in the military service; said corps shall be per- manently attached to the Medical Department, and shall not be included in the effective strength of the Army nor counted as a part of the enlisted force provided by law. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War is empowered to appoint as many hospital stewards as, in his judgment, the service may require, but not more than one hospital steward shall be stationed at any post or place without special authority of the Secretary of War. Si:< i. 3. That the pay of hospital stewards shall be forty-five dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted men. They shall have rank with ordnance sergeants and be entitled to all the allowances pertaining to that grade. Sec. 4. That no person shall bo appointed a hospital steward unless he shall have passed a satisfactory examination before a board of one or more medical officers as to his qualifications for the position, and demonstrated his fitness therefor by service of not less than twelve months as acting hospital steward; and no person shall be designated for such examination except by written authority of the Surgeon- General. Sec. 5. That the Secretary of War is empowered to enlist or cause to be enlisted as many privates of the hospital corps as the service may require, and to limit or fix the number and make such regula- S. Doc. 229 28 434 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tions for their government as may be necessary; and any enlisted man in the Army shall be eligible for transfer to the hospital corps as a private. They shall perform duty as ward masters, cooks, nurses, and attendants in hospitals and as stretcher bearers, litter bearers, and ambulance attendants in the field, and such other duty as may by proper authority be required of them. Sec. 6. That the pay of privates of the hospital corps shall be thirteen dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted men. They shall be entitled to the same allowances as a corporal of the arm of the service with which on duty. Sec. 7. That privates of the hospital corps may be detailed as acting hospital stewards by the Secretary of War, upon the recommendation of the Surgeon-General, whenever the necessities of the service require it; and while so detailed their pay shall be twenty -five dollars per month, with increase as above stated. Acting hospital stewards, when educated in the duties of the position, may be eligible for examination for appointment as hospital stewards, as above provided. * * * March 2, 1889 {25-825). Maximum sum to be allowed contract surgeons when traveling on duty, fixed at four cents per mile, and in addition thereto, when the Quartermaster's Department can not furnish transportation, the cost of same actually paid by them exclusive of sleeping or parlor car fare and transfer. March 3, 1891 (26-1103). Artificial limbs to be furnished every three years. Act of July 13, 1892 (27 Stats., 120). AN ACT to amend the act approved March first, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, relating to the hospital corps of the Army. That section six of the act approved March first, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, entitled "An act to organize the hospital corps of the Army of the United States, to define its duty and fix its pay," be, and hereby is, amended to read as follows: "Sec. 6. That the pay of privates of the hospital corps shall be eighteen dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted men. They shall be entitled to the same allowance as a corporal of the arm of service with which they may be on duty." July 16, 1892 (27-174)- Sec. 3709, R. S., requiring advertisement before purchase, not to apply to purchase of medicines and medical supplies. Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276). AN ACT to define the grade of certain medical officers of the Army, and for other purposes. That from and after the passage of this act the grade of certain medical officers of the Army below that of Surgeon-General shall be as follows: Those holding the rank of colonel, assistant surgeon-generals; those holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel, deputy surgeon-generals. Sec. 2. That before receiving the rank of captain of cavalry, assistant surgeons shall be examined under the provisions of an act approved October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "An THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 435 act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regulate promotions therein." Sec. 3. That medical officers of the Army may be assigned by the Secretary of War to such duties as the interest of the service may demand. * * * August 5, 1892 (27-348). Honorably discharged nurses who were employed by the Surgeon-General, who served for six months or more in any general hospital, entitled to pension if unable to earn a support. Act of March 29, 1891). (28 Stats., 4,7). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Surgeon-General, . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasuiy Department, for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public property, arising from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. Act of August 6, 189 % (28 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. * * * Medical Department: . . . Provided, That hereafter no appoint- ments shall be made to the office of assistant surgeon until the number of assistant surgeons shall be reduced below one hundred and ten, and thereafter the number of officers in that grade in the Medical Depart- ment shall be fixed at ninety. * * * . . . Provided further, . . . that purchases may be made in open market in the manner common among business men when the aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of War. Act of August 18, 1894. (## Stats., 372). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. * * * WAR DEPARTMENT. That the proviso in the paragraph for the Medical Department under title "For pay of the general staff" in the act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes, approved 436 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Provided, That hereafter no appointments shall be made in the office of assistant surgeon until the number of assistant surgeons shall be reduced below one hundred and ten, and thereafter the number of officers in that grade in the Medical Depart- ment shall be fixed at one hundred and ten. Act of March 16, 1896 (29 Stats., 60). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven. FOR FAY OF ENLISTED MEN. . . . : Provided, That there shall be no appointments) of hospital stewards until the number of hospital stewards shall be reduced below one hundred, and thereafter the number of such officers shall not exceed one hundred. * * * June 11, 1896 (29-413). Authorizes the Medical Department to sell medical and hospital supplies at its contract prices to the National Home for Disabled Volunteers. May 27, 1897 (30-220). Authorizes purchase of medicines for the relief of destitute citizens of the United States in Cuba. June, 4, 1897 (30-11). Authorizes the Medical Department to sell medical and hos- pital supplies at its contract prices to the Soldiers' Home in the District of Columbia. Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one chief surgeon, who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the commander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief surgeon, who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . . The staff of the commander of a brigade shall consist of . . . one surgeon . . . Act of May 12, 1898 (30 Stats., Ifi6). AN ACT to increase the number of surgeons in the United States Army. That the number of medical officers of the Army be increased by the addition of fifteen assistant surgeons with the rank of first lieu- tenant, to be appointed after examination by an army medical exam- ining board, in accordance with existing regulations. Sec. 2. That in emergencies the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval of the Secretary of War, may appoint as many contract surgeons as may be necessary, at a compensation not to exceed one hundred and fifty dollars per month. May 18, 1898 (30-419). Prescribes mode of issuing medical stores to destitute inhabitants of Cuba. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 437 Act of June 2, 1898 (30 Stats., 1,28). AN ACT to suspend certain provisions of law relating to hospital stewards in the Tinted States Army, and for other purposes. That all provisions of law limiting the number of hospital stewards in service at any one time to one hundred, and requiring that a person to be appointed a hospital steward shall first demonstrate his fitness therefor by actual service of not less than twelve months as acting hospital steward, . . . be, and the same are hereby, suspended during the existing war: Provided, That the increase of hospital stewards under this act shall not exceed one hundred. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... a Medical Department, * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . Medical Department, . . . shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: . . . * * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Thirty-four surgeons with the rank as major. * * * February 8, 1900 (81 ). Authorizes construction of a modern military hospital at Fort Leavenworth, Kans. MaytS. 1U00 (81 ). Additional hospital stewards, not to exceed an additional one hundred, may be appointed; no more than one to bo stationed at one post or station without special authority of the Secretary of War. Act of.Fibruary 2, 1901 (31 Stats., .) AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... a Medical Department. . . . . 18. That the Medical Department shall consist of one Surgeon- General with the rank of brigadier-general, eight assistant surgeons- general with the rank of colonel, twelve deputy surgeons-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, sixty surgeons with the rank of major, two hundred and forty assistant surgeons with the rank of captain or first lieutenant, the Hospital Corps, as now authorized by law, and the Nurse Corps: /'mrlded, That all vacancies in the grades of colone*, lieutenant-colonel, and major created or caused by this section shall be filled by promotion according to seniority, subject to the examination now prescribed by law: Anajsrovided, That the period during which any assistant surgeon shall have served as a surgeon or assistant sur- 438 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. geon in the Volunteer Army during the war with Spain or since shall be counted as a portion of the five years' service required to entitle him to rank of captain: And provided also, That nothing in this sec- tion shall affect the relative rank for promotion of any assistant sur- geon now in the service, or who may be hereafter appointed therein, as determined by the date of his appointment or commission and as fixed in accordance with existing law and regulations: Provided further, That in emergencies the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval of the Secretary of War, may appoint as many contract sur- geons as may be necessary, at a compensation not to exceed one hundred and fifty dollars per month. That on and after the passage of this act the President may appoint, for duty in the Philippine Islands, fifty sur- geons of volunteers with the rank and pay of major and one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons of volunteers with the rank and paj r of cap- tain, mounted, for a period of two years: Provided, That so many of these volunteer medical officers as are not required shall be honorably discharged the service whenever in the opinion of the Secretary of War their services are no longer necessary : Provided furtlier, That assistant surgeons in the Volunteer Army of the United States commissioned by the President as captains, in accordance with the provisions of an act for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes, approved March second, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, shall be entitled to the pay of a captain, mounted, from the date of their acceptance of such commission, as prescribed by law: Provided, That the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval of the Secretary of War, be, and he is hereby, authorized to employ dental surgeons to serve the officers and enlisted men of the Regular and Volunteer Army, in the proportion of not to exceed one for every one thousand of said Army, and not exceeding thirty in all. Said dental surgeons shall be employed as contract dental surgeons under the terms and conditions applicable to army contract surgeons, and shall be graduates of standard medical or dental colleges, trained in the several branches of dentistry, of good moral and professional character, and shall pass a satisfactory professional examination: Pro- vided, That three of the number of dental surgeons to be employed shall be first appointed by the Surgeon-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War, with reference to their fitness for assignment, under the direction of the Surgeon-General, to the special service of conducting the examinations and supervising the operations of the others; and for such special service an extra compensation of sixty dollars a month will be allowed: Provided furtlier, That dental-college graduates now employed in the Hospital Corps who have been detailed for a period of not less than twelve months to render dental service to the Army and who are shown by the reports of their superior officers to have rendered such service satisfactorily may be appointed contract dental surgeons without examination: Provided, That the Secretary of War be authorized to appoint in the Hospital Corps, in addition to the two hundred hospital stewards now allowed by law, one hundred hospital stewards: Provided, That men who have served as hospital stewards of volunteer regiments or acted in that capacity during and since the Spanish- American war for more than six months may be appointed hospital stewards in the Regular Army: And provided fur- ther, That all men so appointed shall be of good moral character and shall have passed a satisfactory mental and physical examination. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 489 Sec. 19. That the Nurse Corps (female) shall consist of one Super- intendent, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, who shall be a graduate of a hospital training school having a course of instruction of not less than two years, whose term of office may be terminated at his discretion, whose compensation shall be one thousand eight hundred dollars per annum, and of as many chief nurses, nurses, and reserve nurses as may be needed. Reserve nurses may be assigned to active duty when the emergency of the service demands, but shall receive no compensation except when on such duty: Provided, That all nurses in the Nurse Corps shall be appointed or removed by the Surgeon-Gen- eral, with the approval of the Secretary of War; that they shall be graduates of hospital training schools, and shall have passed a satis- factory professional, moral, mental, and physical examination: And provided, That the Superintendent and nurses shall receive transporta- tion and necessary expenses when traveling under orders; that the pay and allowances of nurses, and of reserve nurses, when on active service, shall be forty dollars per month when on duty in the United States and fifty dollars per month when without the limits of the United States. They shall be entitled to quarters, subsistence, and medical attendance during illness, and they may be granted leaves of absence for thirty days, with pay, for each calendar year; and, when serving as chief nurses, their pay may be increased by authority of the Secre- tary of War, such increase not to exceed twenty-five dollars per month. Payments, to the Nurse Corps shall be made by the Pay Department. * * * Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. VIII -THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 441 THE PAY DEPARTMENT. The earliest legislation creating, a Pay Department is the resolution of the Continental Congress, June 16, 1775, which provided for a Pay- master-General and a deputy under him, for + he Army, in a separate department. The Revolutionary Army was disbanded November 3, 1783, but Pay- master-General Pierce was continued in service settling his accounts and as commissioner for settling the accounts of the Army. The two offices were united by the resolution of March 23, 1787, and after the death of John Pierce, in 1788, the duties of the office of Paymaster- General were administered by Joseph Howell, jr., Commissioner of Armv Accounts, until the appointment of a Paymaster of the Army, May," 1792. The Pay Department, by that name, was first organized under the act of April 24, 1816, but a Paymaster for the Army "to reside near the headquarters of the troops of the U. S." had been authorized by the act of May 8, 1792. June 27, 1775. James Warren (Massachusetts). Apr. 27,1776. William Palfrey (Massachusetts). Jan. 17, 1771. John Pierce (Connecticut) . May 8, 1792. Caleb Swan (Massachusetts). July 1, 1808. Robert Brent (District of Columbia) . Aug. 28,1819. Nathan Towson, brevet major-general, May 30, 1848 (Maryland). June 1,1821. Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker (Massachusetts). May 8, 1822. Col. Nathan Towson ( Maryland ) . July 20,1854. Col. Benjamin F. Larned (Massachusetts). Sept. 6, 1862. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Sept. 13, 1847) Timothy P. Andrews (District of Columbia). Nov. 29, 1864. Col. (Brig. Gen., July 28, 1866) Benjamin W. Brice (Virginia). Jan. 1, 1872. Col. (Brig. Gen., July 22, 1876) Benjamin Alvord (Vermont) . June 8, 1880. Brig. Gen. Nathan D. Brown (New York). Feb. 17, 1882. Brig. Gen. William B. Rochester (New York). Mar. 10, 1890. Brig. Gen. William Smith (Minnesota). Mar. 26, 1895. Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Stanton (Iowa). Jan. 30, 1899. Brig. Gen. Asa B. Carev (Connecticut). July 12, 1899. Brig. Gen. Alfred E. Bates (Michigan) . 443 THE PA1 DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL.) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Resolved, . . . That there be one Paymaster-General, and a deputy under him, for the Army in a separate department; that the pay for the Pajmaster-General himself be one hundred dollars per month, and for the deputy paymaster under him, fift} r dollars per month. July 27, 1775. Resolved* That the paymaster give bond, with two sureties, in the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his office. That the bond be made payable to the same persons to whom the bonds of the Continental treasurers are payable. James Warren, esq., was then unanimously elected Paymaster- General. Resolved, That the paymaster in the New York Department give bond to the same persons as above directed, with two sureties, in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, for the faithful performance of his office. July 28, 1775. The Congress tnen proceeded to the election of a paymaster for the forces in the New York Department, when Jonathan Trumbull, jr. , esq., was unanimously elected to that office. July 29, 1775. /,' solved, That the Paymaster-General, . . . and every [one] of their deputies, shall take an oath truly and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective stations. December 2, 1775. //solved, . . . That the troops in the new Army be paid monthly. January 9, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the deputy paymaster-general have liberty to appoint under him two assistant paymasters, who shall each receive 26 2/3 dollars per month for their trouble and services. 445 446 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That all the officers and soldiers in the northern department he paid in person by the deputy paymaster-general, or the assistants to be appointed by him in consequence of the foregoing resolve. February 15, 1776. Resolved, . . . That a paymaster be appointed for the troops in Virginia, and that his pay be 50 dollars per month. The Congress then proceeded to the election, and Benjamin Harri- son, jr., of Berkeley, was chosen. April 21, 1776. Resignation of Paymaster-General Warren was accepted. April 27, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a Paymaster-General, in the room of Mr. Warren, whose resignation was accepted; and the ballots being taken and examined, William Palfrey, esq.', was elected. May 4, 1776. "The honorable the Continental Congress have been pleased to appoint William Palfrey, esq., to be Paymaster-General of the Army of the United Colonies." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) June 5, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General and the deputy paymaster-general make monthly returns to Congress of their expendi- tures and the state of the military chests in their several departments. June 12, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy paymaster-general for the eastern department, and, the ballots being taken, Ebenezer Hancock was elected unanimously. July 17, 1776. The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy paymaster- general for the flying camp, and, the ballots being taken, Richard Dallam, esq., was elected. August 2, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General and the several deputy paymasters-general be directed to make weekly returns to Congress of the state of the military chests under their direction. October 21, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows: ... To the . . . deputy paymaster-general, 6 rations. . . . December 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War having procured a small supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 447 of the . . . staff, who are not adopted hy any State: the clothier-general is to deliver them upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November last: . . . deputy paymaster-general." . . . (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) January 18, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a paymaster in Baltimore, and, the ballots being taken, Mr. Jonathan Hudson was elected. January 30, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the salary of . . . Jonathan Trumbull, esq., deputy pa3 T master-general of the northern department, be aug- mented to the sum of 75 dollars per month. . . . April 1, 1777. Resolved, That the pay of the assistant paymasters in the northern department be augmented to 40 dollars a month, and that they be allowed three rations a day. April 2, 1777. Resolved, That the paymaster and deputy paymaster-general, at the end of every month after the first day of May next, shall make up rolls containing the names of the general and other officers of the army to which they respectively belong who are not comprised in the regi- mental abstracts, excepting only the commander in chief of the several departments, who shall respectively examine such rolls. . . . AprU 9, 1777. Resolved, That the paymaster and the deputy paymasters-general be directed forthwith to consult the commanders in chief of their respective districts and appoint deputies to repair to such posts and places of rendezvous and answer the draughts of such officers stationed thereat as the said commanders in chief shall respectively direct; that the deputies be supplied with money by the respective paymaster and deputy paymasters-general, and account with them therefor, and that all other paymasters of the Army cease to act at the posts and places provided with deputies as aforesaid. May 27, 1777. / t \ .<,,/ ,-,,/. Thai the pay of the assistant deputy paymaster-general in the Northern Army be raised to 45 dollars per month. July 11, 1777. I l< solved, That Mr. John Baynton be appointed deputy paymaster- feneral to the troops and garrisons on tne frontiers of Virginia and 'ennsylvania. 448 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 1, 1777. Resolved, That a deput}^ pa3 T master-general be appointed in the said State of Georgia. . . . August 6, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of ... a deputy paymaster- general of Georgia: Whereupon, Resolved, That . . . Joseph Clay [be] deputy paymaster-general in Georgia. August W, 1777. . Resolved, That the pay of the Paymaster-General be increased to 150 dollars a month. That the pay of the deputy paymaster-general be increased to 75 dollars a month. August 28, 1777. Resolved, That the pay of the deputy paymaster-general of the Northern, Eastern, and Southern departments be augmented to 80 dollars per month. That the assistants to the Paymaster-General and deputy paymaster- general whom they are respectively authorized to appoint, when such officers shall be necessarj 7 , shall receive, for the time of their actual service, 50 dollars a month. That the Paymaster-General and deputy pa3'masters-general shall be obliged, respectively, to take bond of their respective assistants appointed by them for the faithful performance of their trust, in such penalties as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the department shall direct. Septembei- 10, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a paymaster for the North Carolina Light Horse, in the service of the continent; and, the ballots being taken, William Hardy was chosen. October 4, 1777. Resolved, That every assistant appointed, or that hereafter may be appointed, by the deputy commissaries-general of purchases and of issues shall enter into a bond . . . [to be] lodged with the Pay- master-General or deputy paymaster-general of the district, to be by him transmitted to the treasury board. . . . November 10, 1777. General Gates was authorized to order the Paymaster-General to pay dues to officers and men for rations allowed to them but not paid, provided that the existing regulations of the Commissary's Department on the subject be no longer dispensed with than he shall judge necessary. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 449 November 22, 1777. Resolved, That the pa} r of Jonathan Trumbull, jr. , deputy paymaster- general of the Northern Department, be augmented to 125 dollars per month. January 13, 1778. Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General be empowered to appoint an assistant in his office, and a clerk for six months, in addition to one alread} r employed by him. That 70 dollars a month and two rations a day be hereafter allowed to each assistant and 50 dollars a month to each clerk in the office of the paymaster or deputy paymaster-general. January H, 1778. Resolved, That Ebenezer Hancock, esq., deputy paymaster-general of the eastern district, be directed to appoint forthwith an assistant paymaster constantly to attend to and pay the army stationed in or near Providence for the defense of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. ... February 6, 1778. Resolved, . . . That the . . . paymaster and deputy pay- masters-general ... be directed to send, on or before the first day of May next, and afterwards quarterly, to the respective auditors of the Army duplicate accounts of such charges [monies charged in their offices to persons who are to account with the respective auditors], and to furnish them with the necessary papers and information, when required, for executing their office. . . . February 21, 1778. fir. solved, That the pay of the person who executed those offices [secretary and paymaster] in the hospital in the Middle Department be augmented to three dollars a day. * * * Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be directed to consult with General Washington on the propriety of keeping a deputy paymaster at Baltimore, and if he shall judge such an officer unnecessary to inform Mr. Jonathan Hudson that, the public service not requiring his further assistance in that capacity, he is excused therefrom by Congress. . . . March 81, 1778. "By permission of tin- honorable Congress the Paymaster-General has appointed Thomas Reed, esq., to be Ins assistant. He is to be considered as such, and the business of that department, in the absence of the Paymaster-General, is to be transacted with him." {Orders, dim ml Ilmdquarters, VaUeif Forge.) May 2 y 1778. Congress authorized the commissioners at Fort Pitt, or in their absence the ofiircr appointed to command 00 the western frontier, to appoint a proper person to perform the duties of paymaster to the militia of the counties of Rocking- ham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Bottetourt, Montgomery, Washington, and Greenbrier, in Virginia. S. Doc. 229 29 450 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 6, 1778. Resolved, That William Palfrey, Paymaster-General, be allowed the additional pay of 100 dollars a month from the date of this resolution until Congress shall otherwise order, June 9, 1778. Resolved, That the value of the rations due since the 1st of January last till the 1st inst. be estimated at one-third of a dollar; and that the officers do present their accounts to the Paymaster-General, or deputy paymaster-general, who shall adjust and pay the same, provided, always, that the said officers shall make oath to their accounts respectively, which oaths the said paymasters are hereby empowered and directed to administer, and transmit the said accounts,with the receipts the^on, to the Treasury. Julu 29, 1778. Paymaster Jonathan Trumbull, jr., resigned, the northern and southern armies being joined. August 26, 1778. The committee on the Treasury report; That they have considered the extra services and peculiar circum- stances of William Bedloe, as set forth in his memorial referred to them, and are of opinion that he be allowed 35 dollars per month while acting as deputy paymaster to William Palfrey, esq., Paymaster- General, in addition to his former allowance of 50 dollars per mouth. Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report. October IS, 1778. Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general in the State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of the deputy commissary, the deputy quartermaster, and the deputy clothier-general in the said State (they obtaining a warrant from the commanding officer in the Southern Department), such sum or sums of money as may be wanting in their respective departments, each of them to be accountable; and that the said deputy paymaster-general transmit the accounts of the sums he may so advance to the several officers at the heads of the above-mentioned departments. Resolved, That the deputy commissary, the deputy quartermaster, and the deputy clothier-general in the State of Georgia, when they deliver their respective accounts of expenditures to the deputy pay- master-general, do cause to be specified on the receipts of the said accounts that the same were paid in Continental currency', and that the sum be fully expressed in words. Resolved, That the deputy paymaster-general be empowered and directed to pay the officers and men belonging to the Continental gallies in the State of Georgia the monthly wages that are and may be due to them, transmitting at the end of every month an account of the same to the Board of Treasury. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 451 November &, 1778. Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra ration heretofore allowed them. Janua>ry21, 1779. ." R< solved, That the . . . paymaster or deputy paymaster-general be authorized to provide for themselves respectively, from time to time, a convenient house near headquarters for an office; that they be not precluded from their choice unless by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the department, and that no other officers be quartered therein. Mar eh 16, 1779.* Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint a paymaster . . . for the said corps of wagoners which he was empowered to organize . . . April 17, 1779. Ji< solved^ . . . That such regulations shall be established by the Quartermaster-General for the . . . paying of the said corps of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of by trie Commander in Chief. May 11, 1779. Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who served with the Army shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line, provided they engage for a year or longer. May 17, 1779. Resolved, That the commanding officer of the detachment of the army serving in South Carolina and Georgia be authorized to appoint a paymaster for the said legion. May 17, 1779. Captain Baldesqui, the present paymaster of the troops serving in South Carolina and Georgia (Count Pulaski's legion) was to be detained until he should have settled his accounts. As, on December 29, 1779, Congress, deeming that the cir- camstences ol the corps lately commanded by General Count Pulaski did not require a paymaster, anil therefore accepted Captain Baldesqui's resignation, it would seem that the resolve of Mav 17 was not carried out. For want of regularity in keeping proper vouchers, the auditor of account for the main army had found the settlement of the accounts of the Pulaski legion impracticable, and, therefore, Congress passed the resolve of that date, but June 6, on the receipt of a letter from the Paymaster-General, it resolved that the re}>ort of the Committee on the Treasury of March (May?) 17 be reconsidered. [I have tailed to find the report of March 17, but if the proper date i- May 17, this would explain Captain Baldesqui remaining in service until Decem- ber 29.] 'This resulted from the many inconveniences to the public, as well as to indi- viduals, that have arisen from the distance of the paymaster's office from the quarters of the commanding officer. 2 The resolve of thia date was repealed April 17, 1779. 452 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May f the United States be allowed at the rate of 14,000 dollars per annum. 454 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 3, 1780. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the deputy pay- masters-general, under the Paymaster-General of the armies of the United States, be allowed at the rate of 8/10ths per cent on the moneys which they may pay out, respectively, to the Army; and that this commission have retrospect from the 29th day of May, 1779, when the pay office was last regulated; that the said allowance be in full pay- ment for the services of themselves and assistants, and in full compen- sation for all expenses, except one ration a day each, while at camp, for themselves and assistants. June U, 1780. Resolved, . . . That Major-General Gates be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint ... a deputy paymaster-general . . . [for the Southern Army]. July 15, 1780. Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the commander in chief or commanding officer of a separate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many baggage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: * * * Deputy paymaster, either with the main army or with a separate army, 1 covered 4-horse wagon. * * * Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations, there be issued . . . : To a . . . deputy paymaster, one; . . . November 4, 1780. Dr. William Palfrey, late Paymaster-General, was elected con- sul, to reside in France. Jcmuary 17, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of a Paymaster-General of the Army; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. John Pierce was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Clarke. September 25, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be authorized and directed to ascertain the value of a ration, from time to time, and cer- tify the same to the Paymaster-General, who shall govern himself accordingly in settling with the officers. January 1, 1782. "The Paymaster-General or his deputy will, at the close of every month, settle with the contractors [supplying the troops with provisions], and after paying them for such articles as the officers have drawn, pay each officer . . . the balance due him." {Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia.) THE PAY DEPARTMENT. . 455 January 16, 1782. Resolved, That in the settlement of the accounts of such officers of the hospital and medical department as are entitled to an allowance for depreciation by any resolution of Congress, the establishment of pay made upon the 8th day of April, 1777, be considered as specie. April 8, 1782. Resolved, That . . . the Secretary at War . . . issue his warrants on the Paymaster-General, in favour of each regimental pay- master, for the pay and rations which shall appear on adjustment ot their accounts to be due to the regiments, respectively, . . . ; that the accounts for the pay and rations of each regiment, . . . , from January 1, 1782, shall be made out at the end of every month and be transmitted to the war office for examination and warrants; That the manner of making the payments, of keeping the accounts and the returns of the regimental paymasters be regulated by the Secretary at War; That the Paymaster-General shall pay on the warrants of the Secre- tary at War from such monies as shall be put into his hands for the pay and rations of the troops, and to the orders of the commander in chief, or officer commanding the Southern Army, from such monies as shall be placed in his disposal for contingencies. Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed empowering gen- eral officers to draw warrants on the Paymaster-General, except that empowering the officer commanding the Southern Army, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Resolved, That there be one deputy paymaster for the Southern Army; That there shall be one assistant allowed to the Paymaster-General, who shall do the duties of a clerk; That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint his deputy and assistant; That the Paymaster-General immediately give bonds, with two sure- ties, to the superintendent of finance, in the sum of 15,000 dollars, for the faithful performance of his office. April 22, 1782. Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow- ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and the} r are hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer sliull be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: * * * Deputy paymaster, with the Southern Army, l rations per day; 11 dollars per month. April 23, 1782. Resolved, That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced; . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff 456 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence be- longing to their rank in the line as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever; . . . May 16, 1782. Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, author- ized to appoint a deputy paymaster to reside with the Main Army. October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, . . . : * * * Deputy paymaster with the Main and Southern Arnry, each, one two-horse-wagon. * * That there shall be allowed for saddle horses: * * Deputy paymaster 1 ration. ft -* November 20, 1782. Ordered, That the Paymaster-General furnish the Secretary at War, from time to time, as they may be called for by him, with the accounts of all pay and advances received by or chargeable to the officers and men of the several regiments in the service of the United States. June 5, 1783. "The paymasters or agents of regiments, as soon as they have fin- ished the accounts of their own corps, are requested to attach themselves to the Paymaster-General if they can make it convenient, and to assist in completing the general settlement as soon as possible." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) July 4, 1783. Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, fully authorized and empowered to settle and finally adjust all accounts whatsoever between the United States and the officers and soldiers of the American Army, so as to include all and every demand which they or either of them may have by virtue of the several resolutions and acts of Congress relating thereto. September 10, 1783. Resolved, That the Secretary at War inform the Paymaster-General that brevet commissions do not entitle to pay or emoluments, unless the same be expressed in the resolution granting such commissions. June 1, 178J/.. Resolved, That in settling the accounts of the deputy paymasters in the main and southern armies, who are appointed in pursuance of the act of the 8th of April, 1782, they be allowed at the rate of 75 dollars per month while they were in service, including such advances as have been made under the head of subsistence or otherwise. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 457 Augusts, 1785. St -"/'' , 1872 (17 Stats., 219). AX ACT to enable the President to appoint a Paymaster-General of the Army. That the sixth section of the act of third March, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, making appropriations for the support of the Army, is so far modified that the President is hereby authorized to appoint a Piivmaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel, said appointment to date from the time the appointee assumed the duties of the office, to fill the vacancy now existing. Act of March 2, 1875 (18 Stats., 338). AN ACT fixing the number of paymasters in the Army of the United States. That the number of paymasters is hereby established at fifty, instead of sixty, as was designated in the eighteenth section of the act of July twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six; said paymasters to have the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry. Sec. 2. That so much of said eighteenth section as relates to the persons from whom said paymasters shall be elected be, and is hereby, repealed. Resolution of March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 521i). JOINT RESOLUTION explanatory of an act entitled "An act fixing the number of Eaymasters in the Army of the United States," approved March second, eighteen undred and seventy-five. That the intent and meaning of an act entitled "An act fixing the number of paymasters in the Army of the United States," approved 474 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. March two, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, was to authorize the appointment of such additional number of paymasters with the rank of major as will mak the total number of paymasters with the rank of major fifty, and no more. And so much of section eleven hundred and ninety-four of the Revised Statutes as applies to the paymasters of the rank of major be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of July 22, 1876 (19 Stats., 95). AN ACT establishing the rank of the Paymaster-General. That from and after the passage of this act the rank of the Paymas- ter-General of the United States Army shall be brigadier-general; but no pay or allowances shall be made to said officer other than from the date of appointment under this act. July 24, 1876 (19-97). Appropriations under head " Pay Department " to be accounted for by disbursing officers under the title "Pay, etc., of the Army, 1877," so that the total amount shall not be exceeded. March 3, 1877 (19-270), repeals section 1194, Revised Statutes, now applying only to grades in the Pay Department above rank of major. December 15, 1877 (20-7). All papers in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, etc., relating to payment of bounties, etc., to be turned over to the Paymaster-General. REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * A Pay Department. * * Sec. 1182. The Pay Department of the Army shall consist of one Paymaster-General, with the rank of colonel; two assistant paymas- ters-general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; two deputy paymas- ters-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and sixty paymasters, with the rank of major of cavalry. Sec. 1183. Officers of the Pay Department shall not be entitled, in virtue of their rank, to command in the line or in other staff corps. Sec. 1184. When volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States, and the officers of the Paj'master's Department are not deemed b} r the President sufficient for the punctual payment of the troops, he may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and add to said corps as many paymasters, to be called addi- tional paymasters, with the rank of major, not exceeding one for every two regiments of volunteers or militia, as he may deem necessary. Sec. 1185. Additional paymasters shall be retained in service only so long as they may be required for the payment of volunteers and militia, as provided herein. Sec. 1186. The Paymaster-General shall perform the duties of his office under the direction of the President. Sec. 1187. The deputy paymasters-general shall, in addition to pay- ing troops, superintend the payment of armies in the field. Sec. 1188. The paymasters and additional paymasters shall pay the regular troops, and shall pa}' all other troops in the service of the United States when required to do so by order of the President. Sec. 1189. The Army shall be paid in such manner that the arrears THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 475 shall at no time exceed two months, unless circumstances shall render further arrears unavoidable. ' Sec. 1190. Paymasters and additional paymasters shall be allowed a capable noncommissioned officer or private as clerk. When suitable noncommissioned officers or privates can not be procured from the line of the Army, they are authorized, b}' and with the approbation of the Secretary of War, to employ citizens as clerks, at a salary of twelve hundred dollars a year. Sec. 1191. All officers of the . . . Pay Department . . . shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public moneys and property which the}' may receive. The President may, at any time, increase the sums so prescribed. . . . Sec. 1192. All disbursing officers of the Pay Department shall renew theii bonds or furnish additional security at least once in four years, and as much oftener as the President ma} T direct. Sec. 1193. The . . . Paymaster-General shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1191. x Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Pay . . . departments. * * * Sec. 1299. Paymasters to deduct amount due by officers* for rations purchased on credit from the payment made next after such purchase shall have been reported to the Paymaster-General. Sec. 1300. Paymasters to deduct amount due by enlisted men for articles purchased on credit from the Subsistence Department from the payment made next after such purchase shall have been reported to the Paymaster-General. * - * * Sec. 1305. Paymasters to issue deposit books to enlisted men who may deposit their savings with them in sums not less than five dollars. Sec. 1306. Four per cent interest allowed on sums not less than fifty dollars on deposit for six months or more. BBC. 1307. System of deposits to be regulated by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1308. Amounts of deposits and clothing balances payable, on discharge, out of the appropriations for "pay of the Army" for the current fiscal year. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1883 {%2 Statu., 456). A \ A ( T making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. PAY DEPARTMENT. For pay of the Army. . . . Provided, That vacancies that may hereafter occur in the Pay Corps of the Army in the grades of lieutenant-colonel and major, by reason of death, resignation, dismissal, or retirement, shall not be filled by original appointment until the Pay 'So much of this section as applies to paymasters of the rank of major was repealed by joint resolution of March :', 1S75. The act of March 3, 1877, repeals the whole of this section so far as it applies to the Pay Department. 476 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Corps shall by such vacancies be reduced to forty paymasters, and the number of the Pay Corps shall then be established at forty, and no more, . . . Act of July 5, 1884 (23 Stats., J 07). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * Pay Department. . . . Provided, That hereafter any pay- master of the rank of major who has served twenty years in the United States Army as a commissioned officer may, upon his own application or by direction of the President, be placed upon the retired list of the Army until the Pay Department shall be reduced to thirty- five members, as follows: One Paymaster-General, with the rank of brigadier-general; two assistant paymasters-general, with the rank of colonel; three deputy paymasters-general, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and twenty-nine paymasters, with the rank of major; and no more appointments of paymasters shall be made in the Pay Department until the number shall be reduced below twenty-nine majors, and thereafter the number of officers in the Pay Department shall not exceed thirty-five: Provided further, That nothing herein shall be construed to change +he present relative rank of any officer now in the Pay-Corps. . . . * * * August G , 1894 {28-233). Sums known as detained pay shall, when repaid, become a charge against the fund "pay of the Army" for the year in which enlisted men have been or may be discharged. Act of July 16, 1892 1 (27 Stats., 174). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for other purposes. * * -x- Pay Department. . . . Provided, That no appointments shall be made to the grade of major in the Pay Department of the Army until the number of majors in that department is reduced below twenty -five, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade in the Pay Department shall be fixed at twenty-five: And provided further, That the Secretary of War is also authorized to arrange for the pay- ment of the enlisted men serving at posts or places where no pay- master is on duty, by check or by currency, to be sent to them by mail or express at the expense and risk of the United States. Act ofFehruary 27, 1893 (27 Stats., 478). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-lour, and for other purposes. * * * Pay Department. . . . Provided, That hereafter no appoint- ments shall be made to the grade of major in the Pay Department of 1 Number of paymaster clerks to be reduced one for every paymaster reduced. Provision repeated by act of February 27, 193. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 477 the Army until the number of majors in that department is reduced below twenty-five, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade in the Pay Department shall be fixed at twentj^-five. . . . Act of February 12, 1895 (28 Stats., 654). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and for other purposes FOR PAY OF GENERAL STAFF. Pay Department. . . . Provided, That there shall be no appointment of major in the Pay Department until the number of officers in that grade shall be reduced below twenty, and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be fixed at twenty. Act of May 4, 1898 (30 Stats., 390). AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for sup- port of the Army for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and for other purposes. PAY DEPARTMENT. * * * All the money hereinbefore appropriated under '"Pay Department," except for "mileage to officers," shall be disbursed and accounted for by the Pay Department as pay of the Army, and for that purpose shall constitute one fund. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). A N ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... a Pay Department, . . . * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . Pay Department . . . shall consist of the officers . . . now provided by law: . . . And provided also, That no person in civil life shall hereafter be appointed a . . . paymaster, . . . until he shall have passed satisfactorily such examination as to his moral, mental, and physical qualifications as may be prescribed by the President; and no such person shall be appointed who is more than forty-four years of age: Provided fwrtKer. That in case of the appointment of an officer who has served in a similar capac- ity during the war with Spain and has demonstrated his moral, mental, and physical qualifications for the position, then such examination shall not be required. 478 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 14. That the President is hereb} 7 authorized to continue in serv- ice, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Thirtv additional paymasters, with the rank of major. * * * May 26, 1900 {31 ). Allotments of pay of enlisted men to pass to the credit of disbursing officer, when paid one month subsequent to the month in which such allotments accrued, if he has used due diligence in obtaining and using all informa- tion that may have been received at the War Department relative to the grantors. Paymaster-General to collect erroneous payments made because of the failure of the proper officer to report whatever facts rendered allotment made unpayable. Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . . .a Pay Department. . . * * * Sec. 19. . '. . Payments to the Nurse Corps shall be made by the Pay Department. * * Sec. 21. That the Pay Department shall consist of one Paymaster- General with the rank of brigadier-general, three assistant paymasters- general with the rank of colonel, four deputy paymasters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, twenty paymasters with the rank of major, and twenty -five paymasters with the rank of captain, mounted: Provided, That all vacancies in the grade of colonel and lieutenant- colonel created or caused by this section shall be filled by promotion according to seniority, as now prescribed bylaw, and no more appoint- ments to the grade of major and paymaster shall be made until the number of majors and paymasters is reduced below twenty: And pro- vided, That persons who have served in the Volunteer Army since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as additional paymasters may be appointed to positions in the grade of captain, created by this section. So long as there remain surplus majors an equal number of vacancies shall be held in the grade of captain, so that the total number of paymasters authorized by this section shall not be exceeded at any time. * * * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Pay Department, . . . includ- ing those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seven- teen, twenty-one, and twenty -four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to appty to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 479 permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act shall be filled b}^ promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be. filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service atany time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Act of March 2, 1901 {31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * /'/onided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in the grade of captain in the . . . Pay Department may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . . IX.-THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. S. Doc. 229 31 481 THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The earliest records relative to what is now known as the Corps of Engineers are very incomplete, but the journals of the Continental Congress indicate the gradual development of the corps under the Eeculiar conditions then existing. Thus, on June 16, 1775, the day efore the battle of Bunker Hill, one chief engineer and two assist- ants were authorized for the ''Grand Army,*' and one chief engineer and two assistants u in a separate department." The first formal establishment of a Corps of Engineers dates from March 11, 1779. The corps was disbanded in November, 1783, but partially revived May i), 1791, and perfected by the act of March 16, 1802. In the earlier period of its organization the duties now per- taining to the Corps of Engineers were divided between two different branches, but although, as early as July 25, 1777, a ' ' geographer and sur- veyor of the roads" was authorized, the special functions of topograph- ical enginers were not specifically provided for until the act of March 3, 1813, authorizing eight topographical engineers and eight assistants. In August, 1818, a separate Topographical Bureau was established in the War Department, under the immediate direction of the Secretary of War and the Chief Engineer. June 21, 1831, the Topographical Bureau was constituted by the Secretary of War a distinct bureau of the War Department; and by the act of July 5, 1838, an independent corps of topographical engineers was created. It was abolished by the act of March 3, 1863, and merged into the Corps of Engineers. June, 1775. Col. Richard Gridley (Massachusetts). Aug. 5, 1776. Col. Rufus Putnam (Massachusetts). July 22, 1777. Col. (Brig. Gen., Nov. 17, 1777; Maj. Gen., Nov. 16, 1781) Louis du Portail (France). Feb. 26, 1795. Lieut. Col. Stephen Rochefontaine (France), commanding corps of artillerists and engineers. May 7, 1798. Lieut. Col. Henry Burbeck (Massachusetts), commanding corps of artillerists and engineers. July 8, 1802. Lieut. Col. (Col., Feb. 23, 1808) Jonathan Williams (Pennsylvania). July 31, 1812. Col. Joseph G. Swift (Massachusetts). Nov. 12, 1818. Col. Walker K. Armistead (Virginia). Jane 1, 1821. Col. Alexander Macomb (New York). Mav 24, 1828. Col. Charles Gratiot (Missouri Territory). Dec. 7, 1838. Col. Joseph G. Totten (Connecticut). Apr. 22, 1864. Brig. Gen. Richard Delafield (New York). Aug. 8, 1866. Brig. (Jen. Andrew A. Humphreys (Pennsylvania). June 30, 1879. Brig. (Jen. Horatio*;. Wright (Connecticut). Mar. 6, 1884. Brig. (Jen. John Newton (Virginia). Oct. 11, 1886. Brig. Gen. James C. Duane (New York). July 6, 1888. Brig. < Jen. Thomas I,. Casey (Rhode Island). May 10, 1895. Brig. Gen. William P. Craighill (Virginia). Feb. 1, 1897. Brig. Gen. John M. Wilson (Washington Territory). 483 484 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. 1777-1783. Geographer. July 25, 1777. Mr. Robert Erskine. Dec. 4, 1780. Mr. Simeon De Witt. May 4, 1781. Mr. Thomas Hutchins, for the southern army. 1813-1838. Topographical Engineers. Apr. 12, 1813. Bvt. Lieut. Col. John Anderson 1 (Vermont). Sept. 14, 1834. Bvt. Lieut. Col. John J. Abert (Virginia). 1838-1863. Corps of Topographical Engineers. July 7, 1838. Col. John J. Abert (Virginia). Sept. 9, 1861. Col. Stephen H. Long (New Hampshire). 1 While Colonel Anderson was the senior topographical engineer until his death in 1834, the Army Register for 1829 gives Maj. Isaac Roberdeau, T. E., as in charge of the Topographical Bureau. At his death, January 15, 1829, Major Roberdeau was succeeded in that charge by Colonel Abert. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Resolved, . . . That there be one Chief Engineer at the Grand Army, and that his pay be sixty dollars per month. That two assistants be employed under him, and that the pay of each of them be twenty dollars per month. That there be one Chief Engineer for the Army, in a separate department, and two assistants under him; that the pay of the Chief Engineer be sixty dollars per month, and the pay of the assistants each twenty dollars per month. October 3, 1775. Resolved, That the committee appointed to repair to the camp do confer with Mr. Rittenhouse and enquire of him whether he appre- hends he can be of service to the continent as an engineer, and if he can, to engage him, and desire he would, with all convenient speed, repair to the camp. January 16, 1776. Resolved, . . . That if General Washington think proper, Colo- nel R. Gridley be continued chief engineer in the army at Cambridge. That the pay of the assistant engineers in the army at Cambridge be 26 dollars and two-thirds per month. March 28, 1776. Resolved, That two engineers be employed for the Southern Depart- ment. March 30, 1776. The committee proceeded to the election of two engineers for the Southern Department; and jthe ballots being taken, John Stadler and Monsieur Massenback were elected. April 26, 1776. AV.W/7'//, Thai Mr. Baldwin, the assistant engineer, ordered to Canada, be allowed, in consideration of his merit, the pay and rank of lieutenant-colonel on the Continental establishment. 485 486 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April 29, 1776. Major Wrixon declined commission of Chief Engineer. May 18, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the pay of the deputy engineers be raised to 30 dollars a month, and that they be allowed rations for themselves and forage for their horses when in camp or necessarily absent on Continental duty. June 26, 1776. Resolved, That Mons. Antoine Felix Weibert, who applies to be employed as an engineer in the Continental Army, be recommended to General Washington as a person who appears to be -qualified to act in that capacity; but as he asks no more at present than to be placed in a situation in which he may be enabled to evidence his ability, that the General be desired to employ him in such a way as he shall judge will best conduce to the good of the service and answer Mons. Wei- bert's request. July 16, 1776. Resolved, That Monsieur Kermo van be appointed an engineer in the Continental service, with the pay of 60 dollars a month and the rank of lieutenant-colonel. July 23, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Monsieur St. Martin be appointed an engi- neer, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and that he be directed to repair to New York and put himself under the command of General Washington. July 29, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Mons. Christopher Pelliser, who has suf- fered considerably by warmly espousing and taking an active part in the cause .of America, in Canada, be appointed an engineer in the serv- ice of the United States, with the pay of 60 dollars a month and rank of lieutenant-colonel. August 5, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Lieutenant-Colonel Rufus Putnam be ap- pointed an engineer, with the rank of colonel and pay of 60 dollars a month. August 12, 1776. "The Congress have likewise been pleased to appoint Rufus Putnam, esqr., an engineer, and have given him the rank of colonel of the Army." ( Orders, General Headcjuarters, New York. ) August U, 1776. Resolved, That Monsieur Weibert, now serving in the Continental Army at New York as an engineer, be appointed assistant engineer, with the rank and pay of lieutenant-colonel. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 487 September 5, 1776. Resolved, That Jeduthan Baldwin, esq., be appointed an engineer in the Continental Army, with the rank of colonel and pay of 60 dol- lars a month. - September 19, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Monsieur Jean Louis Imbret, a gentleman well recommended as an engineer, be sent to General Washington to be employed in that capacity in order to show his abilities, and that one month's pay as a captain be advanced for his expenses. October 18, 1776. Resolved, That Thaddeus Kosciuszko be appointed an engineer in the service of the United States, with the pay of sixty dollars a month and the rank of colonel. April 12, 1777. Resolved, That the Count de Vrecourt be appointed an engineer in the service of the United States, with the rank and pay of a colonel. May U, 1777. Resolved . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think proper, to the . . . chief engineer and his assistants; . . . Provided, alwaj^s, that if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general order hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor .shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof. May 2'2, 1777. Resolved, That Louis Floury, engaged by our commissioners in France, be sent as a captain of engineers to General Washington. . . . July 8, 1777. Resolved, That the treaty made by the commissioners in France on the 13th day of February hist he coniirmed as fur as it respects the Chevalier du Portail, Mons. de la Radiere, and Mons. de Gouvion; the first to be a colonel, the second a lieutenant-colonel, and the third major of engineers. July n, 1777. Resolved, That the Chevalier du Portail, colonel of engineers, take lank and eommand of all engineers heretofore appointed. 488 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. July 25, 1777. Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to appoint Mr. Robert Erskine, or any other person that he ma}^ think proper, geographer and surveyor of the roads, to take sketches of the country, the seat of war, and to have the procuring, governing, and paying the guides employed under him; the General to fix the pa} T of the said geographer, etc. , and the allowance that shall be made to the guides. September 17, 1777. Mr. Charles Tronson du Coudray, having been drowned in attempting to cross the Schuylkill, Congress ordered his interment at the expense of the United States. On August 11a committee of four Messrs. Wilson, Duane, Hey- ward, and S. Adams had been appointed to define the powers to be granted him, but his death stopped further action, and there is no record that the committee ever made a report. October 2, 1777. The treaty made by Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane at Paris, February 17, 1777, was ratified so far as relating to Mons. de Laumoy. JVovember 17, 1777. Resolved, That the Chevalier du Portail be appointed to the rank of brigadier-general, Mons. de Laumoy and Mons. de la Radiere to that of colonel, and Mons. Gouvion to that of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States, the said gentlemen to be employed, as heretofore, in the capacity of engineers. November 26, 1777. Resolved, That Monsieur Fleury, in consideration of the disinter- ested gallantry which he has manifested in the service of the United States, be promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army. January 1, 1778. Resolved, That the Chevalier De Villefranche be appointed major in the Corps of Engineers, under the command of the Brigadier Du Portail. February 11, 1778. Resolved, . . . The ... in the grand army, with the Chief Engineer, . . . shall be a subordinate board of ordnance, under the direction of the Commander in Chief or the board of war and ord- nance, for transacting {ill business of the Ordnance Department neces- sary to be done in the field, and to have the care of all ordnance and stores at camp. .... * * * Resolved, That Captain Ferdinand De Brahm, who has heretofore acted as an engineer in the State of South Carolina, be appointed an engineer in the Continental establishment, with the rank of major in the armies of the United States. April 16, 1778. Resolved, That a commission of captain be granted to Mr. Capitaine in the Corps of Engineers in the service of the United States of Amer- ica, and that he rank from the 1st of December, 1776. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 489 May 27, 1778. Resolved, That in the Engineering Department three companies be established, each to consist of 1 captain 50 dollars pay per month. 3 lieutenants, each 33 do. do. 4 sergeants, each 10 do do. 4 corporals, each 9 do do. 60 privates, each 8J do. do. These companies to be instructed in the fabrication of fieldworks as far as relates to the manual and mechanical part. Their business shall be to instruct the fatigue parties to do their duty with celerity and exactness, to repair injuries done to the works by the enemy's fire, and to prosecute works in the face of it; the commissioned offi- cers to be skilled in the necessary branches of mathematics, the non- commissioned officers to write a good hand. June 9, 1778. "Three captains and nine lieutenants are wanted to officer the com- pany of sappers. As the corps will be a school of engineering, it opens a prospect to such gentlemen as enter it, and will pursue the necessary studies with diligence, of becoming engineers and rising to the important employments attached to that pro- fession, such as the direction of fortified places, etc. The qualifications required of the candidates are that they be natives, and have a knowledge of the mathematics and drawing, or, at least, be disposed to apply themselves to those studies. They will give in their names at headquarters." (Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) June 13, 1778. Resolved, That Mons. du Cambray be annexed to the Corps of Engineers, commanded by Brigadier Du Portail, with the rank and pay of a lieutenant-colonel. September 18, 1778. Resolved, That Mons. Bechet de Roche Fontaine be appointed a captain in the Corps of Engineers, and that his commission be dated the 15th day of May last. January 1, 1779. 1 Resolved, That Brigadier Du Portail and Messrs. de La Radiere, de Laumoy, and de Gouvion be retained in the service of the United States as engineers for another campaign, if agreeable to their inclination and permission can be obtained from His Most Christian Majesty or his minister plenipotentiary. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to confer with Mons. Gerard on the subject, and in case Brigadier Du Portail and the other engineers shall conclude to remain in the service of the United States that the board report to Congress a proper arrangement and appoint- ment for the Corps of Engineers. 1 General Washington had expressed his opinion of the merit and abilities of Brig- adier-General Du Portail, as being well acquainted with the branch he professes, and a gentleman of real knowledge in military science in general; had also a very favor- able opinion of Messrs. de La Radiere, de Laumoy, and de Gouvion, who had served with reputation as engineers in the Army of the United States; and had represented that, in his judgment, they would be necessarvand useful in future operations. The Board of War was directed to confer with the French minister and, in case these officers concluded to remain in the service, to report to Congress a proper arrange- ment and appointment for the Corps of Engineers. 490 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 13, 1779. Resolved, That Mons. John Barnard de Murnand be appointed a major in the Corps of Engineers, to take rank as such from the 1st day of March last and to receive pay and subsistence from the It day of February last, the latter being the time he was employed by Brigadier Du Portail and the former the time he was directed by the Commander in Chief to act as major. March 9, 1779. "Captain Jeremiah Brewen is to superintend the artificers during the absence of Col. Baldwin." (Orders, General Headquarters, Middle- Brook.) March 11, 1779. Resolved, That the engineers in the service of the United States shall be formed into a corps and st}-led the "Corps of Engineers," and shall take rank and enjoy the same rights, honors, and privileges with the other troops on the Continental establishment. That a commandant of the Corps of Engineers shall be appointed by Congress, to whom their orders, or those of the Commander in Chief, shall be addressed, and such commandant shall render to the Com- mander in Chief and to the Board of AVar an account of every matter relative to his department. That the engineers shall have rank in their own corps according to the date of their respective commissions. That every year previous to the opening of the campaign the com- mandant of the corps shall propose to the Commander in Chief and to the Board of War such a disposition of the engineers as he shall judge most advantageous, according to the knowledge which he is supposed to have of their talents and capacity. Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered and directed to form such regulations for the Corps of Engineers and companies of sappers and miners as they judge most conducive to the public service, and that the Board report such allowances as they judge adequate and reasonable to be made to the officers of the Corps of Engineers for travelling charges and when on command at a distance from camp or in places where they can not draw rations. March 16, 1779. Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. Ajn-il 3, 1779. The Board of War report that the committee appointed at Yorktown to confer with Baron Steuben, having promised to report that Mons. L'Enfant should have the commission of captain of engineers, and no report having been made on that subject, the Board are of the opinion: That Mons. L'Enfant be appointed a captain in the Corps or Engi- neers in the service of the United States, to have rank from the 18th day of February, 1778. Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 491 May 11, 1779. Resolved, That the pay and subsistence of the engineers and of the officers and men of the companies of sappers and miners shall be the same with those of officers of the like ranks and of the men in the artillery of these States. That Brigadier-General Du Portail be appointed commandant of the Corps of Engineers and companies of sappers and miners. August 31, 1779. "Lieutenant Cleveland is appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners, vice Little, resigned." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Moore's house.) December 24, 1779. "The honorable the Board of War having procured a small supply of shirts and linen, and directed the distribution of them among the officers of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State: the clothier-general is to deliver them upon returns signed by the . . . heads of the following corps and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November last. . . . Corps of Engineers, including sappers and miners; . . . military surveyors." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) January IS, 1780. Whereas Brigadier-General Du Portail and Colonel Laumoy and Lieutenant-Colonel de Gouvion have continued in the service of the United States, pursuant to a resolution of Congress of the 1st of Jan- uary, 1779, and under a permission from the minister plenipotentiary of His Most Christian Majesty, and have obtained from the Commander in Chief ample testimonials of honorable and useful services rendered during the last campaign: Resolved, That Brigadier-General Du Portail and Messieurs Laumoy and Gouvion be retained in the service of the United States (if per- mission can be obtained for that purpose from His Most Christian Maj- esty or his minister plenipotentiary) so long, during the present war, as shall be consistent with their inclinations and duty as officers to their King. February 7, 1780. Resolved, That the officers attached to the companies of sappers and miners be commissioned, and rank as follows: Mr. Nevin, captain, April 25th, 1779; Mr. Bebee, Mr. Murray, Mr. Du Veil, captains; Mr. Gilliland, Mr. Bushnell, Mr. Cleveland, cap- tain-lieutenants, August 2, 1779; Mr. Welsh, lieutenant. March 1780. Resolved, That Mr. Nevin be appointed a captain of engineers, to rank from the 25th of April, 1779. March 29, 1780. General Du Portail was ordered to the southern department, and put himself umler (leneral Lincoln or the commanding officer of that department. July IS, 1780. General Pit Portail being a prisoner of war on parole and his serv- ices being deemed essential for the successof the operations of the ensuing campaign, Congress requested General Washington to endeavor to obtain his exchange. 492 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. July 15, 1780. Resolved, That . . . there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . . . captain of engineers, one; . . . July 22, 1780. "As in the course of the campaign a good corps of sappers and miners will be extremely useful and absolutely necessary, the General directs that one man be drawn from each regiment for this purpose; an able-bodied re \n, intelli- gent, sober, and engaged for the war." {Orders, General Headquarters, Praconess. ) August 2, 1780. "Lt. Welch, of the corps of sappers and miners, is appointed quartermaster to the same." "The men in thecorpsof sappers and miners are to be furnished with good French arms and accoutrements from the regiments, respectively, from which they were drafted." (Orders, General Headquarters, PeekskUl.) August 3, 1780. "Lt. Col. Gouvion will take the command of the corps of sappers and miners." (Orders, General Headquarters, PeekskUl.) November 3, 1780. Resolved, That Colonel Jeduthan Baldwin continue to receive the pay of colonel of engineers, as heretofore. November U, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief be directed to lay before Congress a return of the officers of the Engineering Department, including those of the companies of sappers and miners, and distin- guish such as, in his judgment, it will be necessary to retain in service, in order that the officers of that department who shall be retained in service may be put on an equal establishment with the officers of the line, and that provision may be made for such as shall be reduced. December 4, 1780. Resolved, That Mr. Simeon De Witt be appointed geographer to the Army, in the room of Robert Erskine, deceased. February 26, 1781. Resolved, That it be recommended to the State of Massachusetts to make up to Richard Gridley the depreciation of his pay as engineer at 60 dollars per month from the time of his appointment to the 1st day of January, 1781, in like manner with other officers in the Conti- nental service, and charge the same to the United States. That from and after the said first day of January, 1781, Colonel Gridley be considered as a retiring officer. . . . April 21, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized to remove from office or employment, for incapacity, neg- ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persons not immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled as are or may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expend- iture of the public supplies, stores, and other property; . . . and THE COKPS OF ENGINEERS. 493 such of the said persons as are or may be in his judgment unnecessary, reporting to .such authority, board, minister, or office to whom it may belong to supply the vacancy the respective names of the persons so removed. That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment for similar causes persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid immediately appointed b}^ the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension: Provided that in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, if ho shall deem it most expedient for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial; and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingly; That in every case of suspension all pay and emolument cease from the date thereof, unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place, when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to con- tinue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed; That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Army, or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret serv- ice by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or command- ing officer of a separate department; That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. May 4, 1781. Resolved, That Thomas Hutchins be appointed geographer to the southern army, with the same pay and emoluments as are allowed to the geographer to the main Army. June 19, 1781. "Capt. -Lieut. Gilliland, of the corps of sappers and miners, is pro- moted to the rank of Capt. in the same, vice Murray, resigned the 1st June, 1781, and Capt.-Lieut. Bnshnell, of the same corps, is promoted to the rank of captain, vice Beehe, resigned 8th June, 1781." "Jonathan Lawrence, esq., lieutenant in late Malcolm's regiment, is appointed to the rank of captain in the corps of sappers and miners, his commission to bear date from the 12th June, 1781." (Orders, General lli-odtfuarters, New Windsor.) .In!,/ ,.', 1781. "Peter Taulman, esq., lieutenant in late Col. Spencer's regt., is appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners." (Orders, General llcad(juarters, Tarrytown. ) July 11, 1781. Resolved, That the geographer to the main Army, and also the geographer to the southern arm)', be stilcd '"geographer of the United States of America," and commissioned and considered as such; and that they perform such services as the Commander in Chief and com- manding officer of the southern army may judge necessary to assign them, respectively. July 25, 1781. "Lieut. Kirkpatrick, late Colonel Spencer's regt., is appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners." (Orders, General IFead- quarten, near IhUt's Ferry.) November 11. 1781. Captain Jacob Schreiber, engineers (who had served in the capacity from March 2, 1780). was permitted to return to Europe as Congress, though conscious of his merit, had no means of employing him in the rank he requires. 494 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. November 16, 1781. Resolved, That Brigadier-General du Portail, 1 commanding officer of the Corps of Engineers, in consideration of his meritorious services, and particularly of his distinguished conduct in the siege of York, in the State of Virginia, be, and he is hereby, promoted to the rank of major-general. Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Gouvion, 1 of the Corps of Engi- neers, receive the brevet of colonel. Resolved, That Captain Rochefontaine, of the Corps of Engineers, eceive the brevet of major. March 8, 1782. Resolved, That Captain James Elliott be, and he is hereby, appointed an assistant geographer to the United States, and that his pay be two dollars and one ration per day, and that this allowance be considered in full for all claims that the said Captain James Elliott may have on the United States for half pay or any other emolument after the war, agreeably to his proposal. AprU 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced; . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which ca.se they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence belong- ing to their rank in the line as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . . April 26, 1782. Colonel Jeduthan Baldwin was considered as a supernumerary officer retiring from the service. October 22, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers: . . . Major-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon and one two-horse wagon. Brigadier-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon. Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major, one covered four-horse wagon. * * That there shall be allowed for saddle horse;?: To a major-general and family 7 rations Brigadier-general and family 6 do Colonel 3 do Lieutenant-colonel 2 do Major 2 do Captain of engineers 1 do * -x- * October 30, 1782. Lieutenant-Colonel du Cambray was granted leave for twelve months to visit his family in France. 1 General du Portail and Col. Gouvion were granted leave of absence from the United States for six months. * THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 495 November 12, 1782. Resolved, That the geographer to the main army and the geographer to the southern department be each of them allowed 60 dollars per month, three rations per day, forage for two saddle horses, one two- horse covered wagon, 6|d dollars per month for a servant, for whom they shall be entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed to a private soldier. That the assistant geographer, if such officers shall be j udged neces- sary by the Commander in Chief, be allowed 30 dollars per month, one ration per day, and forage for one saddle horse. February 26, 1783. "Captain Bushnell, being the senior officer, will have the com- mand of the corps of sappers and miners until further orders, and Captain Delezeume, of the Corps of Engineers, will report to headquarters immediately by what authority he came to the garrison of West Point and assumed the command of the sappers and miners." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh). May 2, 1783. Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Cambray, of the Corps of Engi- neers, be promoted to the rank of colonel by brevet. That Major Villef ranche, of the said corps, be promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel by brevet, and that Captain L'Enfant, of the said corps, be promoted to the rank of major by brevet. October 10, 1783. ' Resolved, That Major-General duPortail, Brigadier-General Laumoy, and Colonel Gouvion, who have served with distinguished merit in the Department of Engineers, have leave to retire from the service of the United States. . . . October 31, 1783. The Secretary at War reported that the Corps of Engineers, sappers and miners had accepted the commutation of five years' pay in lieu of half pay for life. February 6, 1781^. Resolved, That a brevet commission of lieutenant-colonel be issued to Major de Brahm, of the late Corps of Engineers, and that he be informed that his further services are dispensed with. January 25, 1785. Congress referred to a committee a letter from Major L'Enfant enclosing a memorial on the necessity of establishing a Corps of Engineers, and a dis- sertation on the qualifications of an engineer. June 10, 1785. Resolved, That in settling the accounts of Mr. Thomas Hutchins, geographer to the United States, he be allowed four dollars and four rations a day from the time of his accepting his commission to the 3rd day of November, 1783, and that he be allowed four dollars a day from that period to the 29th day of May, 1785, deducting therefrom the time he was employed and paid by the State of Penns} r lvania. June SO, 1786. Congress authorized the settlement of Captain Elliott's accounts to October 20, 1783, and no longer, thus indicating the length of his service as assist- ant geographer. *The Secretary at War was directed to express to the French minister the high sense Congress eniertain of the zeal, ability, and conduct of these officers, and, Octo- ber 16, the agent of marine was directed to provide them with a passage to France in the ship Washington. 496 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. STATUTES AT LARGE. February 23, 1795 (1-419). This act established, in the Treasury Department, the office of purveyor of public supplies. His duties were to conduct the procuring and providing cf all military stores, etc. His compensation was fixed at $2,000 per annum, and letters to and from him were to be conveyed free of postage. The office was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812 (2-696). Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 749). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 17. That the President of the United States be authorized to engage and appoint, distinct from the officers of the corps of artiller- ists and engineers, two engineers, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and to stipulate and allow to them, respectively, such compensations as he shall find necessary and expedient. Sec. 18. That an inspector of fortifications shall be appointed, whose duties shall be assigned by the Secretary of War, under the direction of the President of the United States; that the compensation to be allowed to the said inspector, if selected from the corps of artillerists and engineers, in full for his extra services and travelling expenses, shall, besides his pay and emoluments in the corps, be thirty -five dol- lars per month; and if he shall not be an officer in the artillery or Army, he shall, in full compensation for his services and expenses, be allowed the sum of seventy-five dollars monthly, and be entitled to the rank of major in the Army of the United States; and in case the said inspector shall be chosen from the corps of artillerists and engi- neers, or Army of the United States, his place therein shall be supplied by promotion, or a new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but he shall nevertheless retain his station in the said corps or Army, and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had never been appointed in the said office of inspector. Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. * ft Sec. 1. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... to each major, fifty dollars; . . . ; to each cap- tain, forty dollars; to each first lieutenant, thirty dollars; to each second lieutenant, twenty-five dollars; . . . . Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled .to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: ... A major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations; ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said officers ... at the posts, respectively, when the rations shall become due; and if at such posts supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in ques- tion; . . . and to every commissioned officer who shall keep one servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration. * * * THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 497 Sec. 26. That the President of the United States is hereby author- ized and empowered, when he shall deem it expedient, to organize and establish a corps of engineers, to consist of one engineer, with the pay, rank, and emoluments of a major; two assistant engineers, with the pay, rank, and emoluments of captains; two other assistant engineers, with the pay, rank, and emoluments of second lieutenants; and ten cadets, with the pay of sixteen dollars per month and two rations per day; and the President of the United States is in like manner author- ized, when he shall deem it proper, to make such promotions in the said corps, with a view to particular merit, and without regard to rank, so as not to exceed one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, four captains, four first lieutenants, and four second lieutenants, and so that the number of the whole corps shall at no time exceed twenty officers and cadets. Sec. 27. That the said corps when so organized shall be stationed at Westpoint, in the State of New York, and shall constitute a mili- tary academy; and the engineers, assistant engineers, and cadets of the said corps shall be subject, at all times, to do duty in such places and on such service as the President of the United States shall direct. Sec. 28. That the principal engineer, and in his absence the next in rank, shall have the superintendence of the said military academy, under the direction of the President of the United States; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized, at the public expense, under such regulations as shall be directed by the President of the United States, to procure the necessary books, implements, and apparatus for the use and benefit of the said institution. Act of February 28, 1803 (2 Stats., 206). AN ACT in addition to an act entitled "An act fixing the military establishment of the United States." * * ;: Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint one teacher of the French language and one teacher of drawing, to be attached to the Corps of Engineers, whose compensation shall not exceed the pay and emoluments of a captain in the line of the Army. Sec. 3. That the commanding officer of the Corps of Engineers be authorized to enlist, for a term not less than three years, one artificer and eighteen men to aid in making practical experiments, and for other purposes; to receive the same pay, rations, and clothing as are allowed to the artificers and privates in the Army of the United States, and the same bounty when enlisted for five years, and to be subject to the Rules and Articles of War. Act of April 10, 1806 (2 State., 869). AN ACT establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United states. * Article 63. The functions of the engineers being generally confined to the most elevated branch of military service, they are not to assume S. Doc. 220 32 498 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. nor are they subject to be ordered on any duty beyond the line of theL immediate profession, except by the special order of the President of the United States; but thej^ are to receive every mark of respect to which their rank in the Army may entitle them, respectively, and are liable to be transferred, at the discretion of the President, from one corps to another, regard being paid to rank. * * * Act of April 29, 1812 (2 Stats., 720). AN ACT making further provision for the Corps of Engineers. That there be added to the Corps of Engineers two captains, two first lieutenants, two second lieutenants, with the usual pay and emolu- ments according to their grade, respectively, and one paymaster, to be taken from the subalterns of engineers, with the pay and emoluments of a regimental paymaster; and that there be attached to the said corps, either from the troops now in service or by new enlistments, as the President of the United States may direct, four sergeants, four corporals, one teacher of music, four musicians, nineteen artificers, and sixty -two men, which noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and men, together with the artificers and men already belonging to the Corps of Engineers, shall be formed into a company, to be styled a company of bombardiers, sappers, and miners, and be officered from the Corps of Engineers, according as the commanding officer of that corps may, with the approbation of the President of the United States, direct; and the said noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and men, shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are allowed to the noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and men in the regiment of artillerists. Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That the Military Academy shall consist of the Corps of Engineers and the following professors, in addition to the teachers of the French language and drawing already provided, viz: One professor of natural and experimental philosophy, with the pay and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel if not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a lieutenant-colonel; one professor of mathematics, with the pay and emoluments of a major if not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a major; one professor of the art of engineering in all its branches, with the pay and emoluments of a major if not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a major; each of the foregoing professors to have an assistant professor, which assistant professor shall be taken from the most prominent characters of the officers or cadets, and receive the pay and emoluments of captains, and no other pay or emoluments, while performing these duties: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall entitle the academical staff, as such, to any com- mand in the Army separate from the Academy. * * Sec. 6. That so much of the twenty-sixth section of the act entitled "An act fixing the military peace establishment," passed the 16th day of March, 1802, as confines the selection of the commander of the Corps of Engineers to the said corps be, and the same is hereb} 7 , repealed. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 499 Act of March 3, 1813 1 {2 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United States. That [there shall be] eight topographical engineers, eight assistant topographical engineers, . . . * * -X- Sec. 3. That . . . the . . . topographical engineers shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry; and the assistant topographical engineers . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a captain of infantry. Sec. 4. That the . . . assistant topographical engineers shall be taken from the line. The . . .* topographical engineers . . . may be taken from the line, or not, as the President may deem expe- dient. . . . X- * * Act of March 3, 1815 (3 Stats., 224). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. That . . . the Corps of Engineers, as at present established, be retained. * * * Act of April 24, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AX ACT for organizing the general staff, and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That, in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff, be, and the same are hereb} T , so far established that the general staff shall in future consist of . three topographical engineers. Resolution of April 29, 1816 2 {3 Stats., 31$). IlKSOLUTION authorizing the President of the United States to employ a skilful assistant in the Corps of Engineers. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to employ, in addition to the Corps of Engineers as now established, a skilful assistant, 3 whose compensation shall be such as the President of the United States shall think proper, not exceeding the allowance to the chief officer of that corps. J The superintendent general of military supplies authorized to be appointed under this act was not a staff officer, but a civilian with a salary of $8,000 per annum. His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every description purchased for the Army, the volunteers, ami the militia, and to pre- scribe forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc. 1 Repealed by resolution No. 8, July 14, 1832. (4-607.) "General Simon Bernard was born at Dole, France, April 28, 1779, and after graduating from the Polytechnic School entered the army. He was appointed aid- de-camp to the Emperor in 1813; was successively made general of brigade and gen- 500 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolution of April 20, 1818 (3 Stats., 4,76). RESOLUTION directing the completion of the survey of the waters of the Chesa- peake Bay, and for other purposes. That ... to the naval officers employed in this service officers of the Corps of Engineers be joined, with instructions to prepare plans of the fortifications necessary to be erected for the defense of such arsenals [naval] with an estimate of the expense of erecting the same. . . . Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That the Corps of Engineers (bombardiers excepted) and the topographical engineers and their assistants shall be" retained in service as at present organized. * * * Act of March 3, 1823 {3 Stats., 788). AN ACT to establish a national armory on the western waters. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to employ a skillful engineer, . . . with such other person or persons as he may judge proper, to examine the most suitable site for a national armory on the western waters; and that the said engineer and such other person or persons be requested to report the result of their examination to Congress at the commencement of its next ses- sion, particularly designating the sites by them examined, with the comparative advantages of each, and an estimate showing the amount necessary for purchasing each, and erecting all necessary buildings thereon. * * * Act of April 30, 1821,, (4 Stats., 22). AN ACT to procure the necessary surveys, plans, and estimates upon the subject of roads and canals. * * * Sec. 2. That to carry into effect the objects of this act, the Presi- dent be, and he is hereb} r , authorized to employ two or more skillful eral of division, ending his military career at Waterloo in 1815. Refusing the brilliant offers of several sovereigns of Europe, he obtained permission from Louis XVIII to come to the United States, and November 16, 1816, was commissioned "Assistant in the Corps of Engineers of the United States" with the rank of briga- dier-general by brevet, and the compensation that "is or may be allowed to the chief of that corps." He devised a system of canals and roads for connecting the Great Lakes and navigable rivers and a scheme for the defense of the coast, constructing Fortress Monroe, some of the defenses of New York, and other works. Resigning August 10, 1831, he returned to France and was intrusted by Louis Philippe with the preparation of plans for the fortifications of Paris. He was strongly in favor of a system of detached forts, which was afterwards carried out. In 1834 he was for a short time minister of war and, ad interim, minister of foreign affairs. In 1836 he was made minister of war for a second time and held that office for three years. He died in Paris November 5, 1839. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 501 civil engineers, and such officers of the Corps of Engineers, or who may be detailed to do duty with that corps, as he ma}- think proper. . . . May 18, 1826 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to be charged against the responsible officer unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. Act of July 3, 1832, ( Stats., 551). AN ACT making appropriations for certain internal improvements for the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two. :: , * Sec. 2. That so much of the second section of the act for the con- tinuation of the Cumberland road, approved March third, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, as authorizes the President, with the advice of the Senate, to appoint a superintendent thereof, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and that the work in the State of Ohio be continued by the War Department under the superintendence of an officer of engineers. Act of March 2, 1833 (4 Stats., 650). AN ACT for the construction of a road from the "Mississippi River to William Strong' 8, on the St. Francis River, in the Territory of Arkansas. * * * . . . : Provided, That the said sum [$100,000] be expended under the direction of such military engineer as the President may appoint: And provided also, That no part of the said sum of money shall be expended until a careful survey and estimate shall have been made of the cost of the road by a competent engineer, and that the said survey and estimate shall have been previously submitted to and approved by the Secretary of War and the President of the United States. Act of June U, 1834. U Stats., 680). AN ACT for the continuation and repair of the Cumberland road. * * * Sec. 2. That an officer of the Corps of Engineers, to bo selected by the Department of War, shall be charged with the disbursements of the moneys appropriated for the construction of the Cumberland road through the States of Indiana and Illinois; and that said officer shall have, under the direction of the Engineer Department, a general con- trol over the operations of the said road and over all persons employed thereon: Provided, That no percentage shall be allowed to such officer for disbursing moneys appropriated lor the construction of said road. Act of June 30, 183 % U Stats., 723). A X ACT authorizing a road to be cut from the northern Ixmndary of the Territory of Florida, by Marianna, to the town of Apalachicola, within the said Territory. . . . Provided, That the said road shall be cut out by contract, and that no money shall be paid at any time on account thereof but on 502 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the certificate of an engineer of the Army of the United States that the said road has been faithfully constructed according to the terms of such contract. Act' of July 0, 1836 (5 Stats., 80). AN ACT to change the organization of the Post-Office Department and to provide more effectually for the settlement of the accounts thereof. Sec. 8. . . . And all letters and packets to and from the Chief Engineer which may relate to the business of his office shall be free of postage. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to add to the Corps of Engineers, whenever he may deem it expedient to increase the same, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, six captains, six first and six second lieutenants; and that the pay and emoluments of the said corps shall be the same as those allowed to the officers of the regiment of dragoons. Sec. 3. That so much of the act passed the twenty-ninth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, entitled "An act mak- ing further provision for the Corps of Engineers," as provides that one paymaster shall be taken from the subalterns of the Corps of Engineers, be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and that the pay- master so authorized and provided be attached to the Pay Department, and be in every respect placed on the footing of other paymasters of the Army. Sec. 4. That the Corps of Topographical Engineers shall be organ- ized and increased by regular promotions in the same, so that the said corps shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, four majors, ten captains, ten first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants. Sec. 5. That vacancies created by said organization, over and above those which can be filled by the present corps, shall be taken from the Army, and from such as it may be deemed advisable of the civil engi- neers employed under the act of the thirtieth of April, eighteen hun- dred and twenty-four; that the pay and emoluments of the officers of said corps shall be the same as are allowed to officers of similar rank in the regiments of dragoons. Sec. 6. That the authority to employ civil engineers, in the act of the thirtieth of April, eighteen hundred and twenty-four, be, and the same is hereby, repealed after the passage of this act. * * * Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business to and from the . . . head of the topographical corps shall be free from postage. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 503 Sec. 27. That it shall be the duty of the engineer superintending the construction of a fortification, or engaged about the execution of any other public work, to disburse the moneys applicable to the same; and, as a compensation therefor, may be allowed by the Secretary of War at the rate of two dollars per diem during the continuance of such disbursements: Provided, That the whole amount of emoluments shall not exceed one per cent on the sum disbursed. Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * * * Sixth. That no compensation shall be allowed to officers of the Engineer Department for disbursement of public money while superin- tending public works. Act of March 3, 18^3 (5 Stats., 630). A X ACT making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Gov- ernment for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, eighteen hundred and forty-four. * * * For survey of the coast of the United States . . . : Provided, That this, and all other appropriations hereafter to be made for this work shall, until otherwise provided by law, be expended in accordance with a plan of reorganizing the mode of executing the (rarvey, to be submitted to the President of the United States b} r a board of officers which shall be organized by him, to consist of . four from among the principal officers of the Corps of Topographical Engineers; none of whom shall receive any additional compensation whatever for this service; and who shall sit as soon as organized . . . and the plan of said board shall cause to be employed as many officers of the Army ... of the United States as will be compatible with the successful prosecution of the work; . . . the officers of the Army on the topographical parts of the work; and no officer of the Army . . . shall hereafter receive any extra pay out of this or any future appropriations for surveys. Act of May 16, 1846 {9 Stats., 12). AN ACT for the organization of a company of sappers, miners, and pontoniers. That there be added to the Corps of Engineers one company of sap- pers, miners, and pontoniers, to be called engineer soldiers; which company shall be composed of ten sergeants or master workmen, ten corporals or overseers, two musicians, thirty-nine privates of the first class, or artificers, and thirty-nine privates of the second class, or laborers; in all one hundred men. 504 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 2. That the pay and rations of the sergeants, or master work- men, of said company shall be the same as those now allowed by law to the master workmen employed by the Ordnance Department, except- ing that the engineer sergeants shall receive one ration only per day instead of one ration and a half; of the corporals, or overseers, the same as those now allowed by law to the armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths employed by the Ordnance Department, excepting that the engineer corporals shall receive one ration only per da} T instead of one ration and a half; of the privates of the first class, or artificers, the same as those now allowed by law to the artificers employed by the Ordnance Department; of the privates of the second class, or laborers, the same as now allowed by law to the laborers employed b} T the Ord- nance Department; and of the musicians, the same as those allowed by law to the musicians of the line of the Army; the said noncommissioned officers, privates, and musicians being respectively entitled to the same clothing and other allowances as are granted by law to noncommis- sioned officers, privates, and musicians of the artillery in the Army of the United States. Sec. 3. That the said engineer company shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, shall be recruited in the same manner and with the same limitation, and shall be entitled to the same provisions, allow- ances, and benefits in every respect as are allowed to the other troops constituting the present military peace establishment. Sec. 4. That the said engineer company shall be attached to and compose a part of the Corps of Engineers and be officered by officers of that corps as at present organized; they shall be instructed in and perform all the duties of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and shall aid in giving practical instructions in these branches at the Military Academy; they shall, moreover, under the orders of the Chief Engi- neer, be liable to serve, by detachments, in overseeing and aiding laborers upon fortifications or other works under the Engineer Depart- ment and in supervising finished fortifications as fort keepers, prevent- ing injmy, and applying repairs. Sec. 5. That the Chief Engineer, with the approbation of the Secre- tary of War, be authorized to regulate and determine the number, quality, form, dimensions, etc., of the necessary vehicles, pontons, tools, implements, arms, and other supplies for the use and service of said company as a body of sappers, miners, and pontoniers. * * * March 8, 1847 {9-175). The works at Cary's Fort Reef, Florida, near Wango- shance, Mich.; Minot's Rock, Massachusetts; Whale's Back, New Hampshire; Fair- weather Island, near Black Rock, Connecticut; and Brandy wine Shoals in the Dela- ware River, Pennsylvania, to be executed under the superintendence of the Topo- graphical Bureau. July 10, 1848 (9-246). Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stats., 370). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty. Sec. 3. That any noncommissioned officer, musician, or private, in the company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, raised by the act THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 505 of May ninth, eighteen hundred and forty -eight, who. served in said company in the war with Mexico, shall, on application, be entitled to receive an honorable discharge from the service of the United States, and stand as if they had served out their respective terms. March 3, 1849 (9-380). When expenditure is to be made under direction of Bureau of Topographical Engineers, necessary preliminary surveys to determine site of pro- posed light-house or light-boat shall be made by officers of the corps possessing requi- site skill and experience, who shall make report of the result of their examinations. September 28, 1850 (9-504). Moneys received from the sale of military stores and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction. March 3, 1851 (9-627). Colonel of Corps of Topographical Engineers charged with making preliminary surveys to determine sites of proposed light-houses, light'boats, beacons, and bouys on the northwestern lakes; two engineer officers to form part of of a board to inquire into condition of the Light-House Establishment; details of engi- neer officers may be made to superintend construction and renovation of light-houses. August 30, 1852 (10-56). A board of topographical and civil engineers to be appointed by the Secretary of War to report upon expediency of an additional canal around the Falls of the Ohio River and comparative cost, advantages, and disadvan- tages of enlarging and extending the present canal so as to avoid the rocks at Sandy Island. August 31, 1852 (10-76). If the superintendence of constructing the custom-house at New Orleans be confided to an officer of the topographical engineers, he shall be allowed a compensation not exceeding $5 per day. Act of August 31, 1862 (10 Stats., 112). AN ACT making appropriations for light-houses, light-boats, buoys, etc., and provid- ing for the erection and establishment of the same, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 8. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to appoint, immediately after the passage of this act, . . . one officer of the Corps of Engineers of the Army, one officer of the Corps of Topographical Engineers of the Arm}*, . . . and . . . an officer of engineers of the Army, as secretaries, who shall consti- tute the Light-House Board of the United States. * * Sec. 12. [The Light-House Board to arrange the Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific, and lake coasts into twelve districts]; and the President is hereby authorized and required to direct that an officer of the Army . . . may be assigned to each district as a light-house inspector, subject to and under orders of the Light-House Board, who shall receive for such service the same pay and emoluments that he would be entitled to by law for the performance of dut} r in the regular line of his pro- fession, and no other, except the legal allowance per mile when trav- elling under orders connected with nis duties. * * * August 31, 1852 (10-112). Plan for the erection of a light-house OD the outer Minot Ledge, Boston Harbor, to be approved by the Topographical Bureau; a first- class light-house near Coffins Patches, off Dry 'Bank, Fla., to be constructed under the direction of the Topographs al Bureau; two range beacon lights for Gedneys Channel, New Jersey, and two on Staten Island, New York Harbor, to be constructed under the direction of the Topographical Bureau; plans, drawings, etc., of all illumi- nating and other apparatus of construction and repair of towers, buildings, etc., connected with the Light-House Establishment, to he prepared by the engineer sec- retary of the board, or such officer of engineers as may be detailed for that service; no additional salary allowed to any military officer employed on the Light-House Board. 506 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. . Act of March 3, 1853 (10 Stats., Mli). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. Sec. 9. That whenever any lieutenant of the Corps of Engineers, Corps of Topographical Engineers, . . shall have served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain: Provided, That the whole number of officers in either of the said corps shall not be increased beyond the number now fixed by law: And provided further, That no officer shall be pro- moted before those who rank him in his corps. Sec. 10. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, author- ized, under the direction of the President of the United States, to employ such portion of the corps of topographical engineers . . . to make such explorations and survej^s as he may deem advisable, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi Klver to the Pacific Ocean. . . . Sec. 11. That the engineers . . . employed in said explorations and surveys shall be organized in as many district corps as there are routes to be surveyed, and their several reports shall be laid before Congress on or before the first Monday in February, eighteen hundred and fifty-four. March 3, 1853 {10-240). Places for two light-houses on the Saint Clair Flats, Michigan, to be selected and the work executed under the direction of the Topo- graphical Bureau. March 3, 1857 {11-243). Secretary of War authorized to employ such officers of the Army as may be necessary for the exploration and verification of surveys already made of a ship canal near the Isthmus of Darien. Act of March 3, 1859 (11 Stats., 435). AN ACT to provide for the care and preservation of the works constructed by the United States for bringing the Potomac waters into the cities of Washington and Georgetown, for the supply of said water for all governmental purposes, and for the uses and benefits of the inhabitants of said cities. That the dams, aqueducts, water gates, reservoirs, and all fixtures and improvements connected therewith . . . shall be placed by the President of the United States under the immediate care, manage- ment, and superintendence of a properly qualified officer of the United States Corps of Engineers to be appointed by him, who shall act under the Department of the Interior; . . . and such officer as a compensation for the duties and responsibilities imposed upon him by this act, shall receive, for his pa} r as said engineer, no more than his regular pay as an officer of the corps. He shall occupy the necessary apartments in one of the public buildings in the city of Washington as may be directed by the President, and shall be supplied by the Gov- ernment with the stationery, instruments, books, and furniture required in the performance of his public duties. . . . THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 507 Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising, a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law, or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfill- ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist- ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms, nor military supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be pur- chased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of June 25, 1860 (12 Stats., 104). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. For the completion of the Washington Aqueduct . . . accord- ing to the plans and estimates of Captain Meigs, and under his super- intendence: Provided, That the office of engineer of the Potomac waterworks is hereby abolished, and its duties shall hereafter be dis- charged by the chief engineer of the Washington Aqueduct. Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., llfl). A N A ( T making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. 508 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Act of March 0, 1861 (12 Stats., 214). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services, in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal services, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made, unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty- third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. Sec. 3. That there shall be added to each of the Corps of Engineers and Topographical Engineers three first and three second lieutenants, to be promoted thereto in accordance with the existing laws and regulations. . . . Sec. 4. That there shall be added to the Corps of Engineers three companies of engineer soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate offi- cers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing, and other allowances, and be entitled to the same benefits, in every respect, as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May sixteen [fifteenth], eighteen hundred and forty-six. The said three companies shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War; shall be recruited in the same manner and with the same limitation, shall be instructed in and perform the same duties, and be liable to serve in the same way, and shall have their vehicles, pontons, tools, implements, arms, and other supplies regulated in the same manner as the existing engineer com- pany; and each of the four companies of engineer soldiers shall here- after be composed of ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, sixty-four privates of the first class, or artificers, and sixty-four pri- vates of the second class; in all, one hundred and fifty men each. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 509 Act of August 6, 1861 (12 Stats., 317). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer Corps, and for other purposes. That there shall be added to each of the Corps of Engineers and Topographical Engineers, by regular promotion of their present offi- cers, two lieutenant-colonels and four majors. Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Corps of Topographical Engineers one company of soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate officers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing, and other allowances, and to be entitled to the same benefits in every respect as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May six- teenth [fifteenth], eighteen hundred and forty-six. The said company shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, and shall have the same organization as the companies of engineer soldiers attached to the Corps of Engineers. * * * June2, 1862 {12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. June 18, 1862 (12-620). Supervision of the Potomac waterworks transferred from the War Department to the Department of the Interior. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 710). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes. That the Corps of Topographical Engineers, as a distinct branch of the Army, is hereby abolished, and from and after the passage of this act is merged into the Corps of Engineers, which shall have the follow- ing organization, viz: One Chief Engineer, with the rank, paj% and emoluments of a brigadier-general; four colonels; ten lieutenant- colonels; twenty majors; thirty captains; thirty first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants. Sec. 2. That the general officer provided by the first section of this act shall be .selected from the Corps of Engineers as therein established, and that officers of all lower grades shall take rank according to their respective dates of commission in the existing Corps of Engineers or Corps of Topographical Engineers. Sec. 3. That no officer of the Corps of Engineers below the rank of a field officer shall hereafter be promoted to a higher grade before having passed a satisfactory examination before a board of three engi- neers senior to him in rank; and should the officer fail at said exami- nation he shall be suspended from promotion for one year, when he shall be reexamined, and, upon a second failure, shall bo dropped by the President from the Army. * * * Sec. 12. That the increase of rank of officers, and in the number of officers provided for in this act, shall continue only during the exist- ence of the present rebellion; and thereafter the several officers pro- moted under this act shall have the respective rank they would have 510 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. had if this act had not passed, and the number shall be reduced by the President to the number authorized by law prior to the passage of this act. May 5, 1864 {13-68). Commissioner of public buildings to pay to the corpora- tion of Washington City the just proportion of the cost of improving streets, ave- nues, or alleys passing through or by any of the property of the United States. Act of July 13, 1866 (14- Stats., 90). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That the Superintendent of the United States Military Academy may hereafter be selected, and the officers on duty at that institution detailed, from any arm of the service; and the supervision and charge of the Academy shall be in the War Department under such officer or officers as the Secretary of War may assign to that duty. * * * Juhi 28, 1866 (14-310). Contract for care of transient paupers, medical and surgi- cal patients, to be made by the commissioner of public buildings. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and f x the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 19. That the Corps of Engineers shall consist of one chief of engineers, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; six colonels, twelve lieutenant-colonels, twenty-four majors, thirty captains, and twenty-six first and ten second lieutenants, who shall have the pay and emoluments now provided by law for officers of the Engineer Corps. Sec. 20. That the five companies of engineer soldiers and the sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant heretofore prescribed by law shall constitute a battalion of engineers, to be officered by officers of suitable rank detailed from the Corps of Engineers; and the officers of engineers, acting respectively as adjutant and quartermaster of this battalion, shall be entitled to the pay and emoluments of adjutants and quartermasters of cavalry. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . Chief of Engineers . . . shall hereafter be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. . . . Act of February 12, 1867 (U Stats., 393). AN ACT to fix the pay of the quartermaster-sergeant of the Battalion of Engineers. That from and after the passage of this act the pay and allowances of the quartermaster-sergeant of the Battalion of Engineers of the Arm}' of the United States shall be the same as those allowed by law to the sergeant-major of the battalion. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 511 Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 457). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the office of commissioner of public buildings is hereby abolished, and the Chief Engineer of the Army shall perform all the duties now required by law of said commissioner, 1 and shall also have the superintendence of the Washington Aqueduct and all the public works and improvements of the Government of the United States in the District of Columbia, unless otherwise provided by law. . . . * * * March 2, 1867 (14-487). Section 3 authorizes a board of six officers (three from the Army) to determine by practical tests what increased strength or variation of form is necessary to enable our best stone forts to resist the heaviest guns. March 2, 1867 (14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. July 7, 1868(15-256). A competent and impartial engineer officer, with two naval officers, to carefully examine Boston Harbor relative to the erection of a bridge over the water between mainland in Boston and East Boston. July 25, 1868 (15-171). Chief Engineer of the Army to reimburse to the corpora- tion of the city of Washington for expenses incurred in improving the property of the General Government in said city; appropriations hereafter made for this purpose to be expended under his direction. Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions . ... in the Engineer Depart- ment. . . . * * * July 11, 1870 (16-223). Three engineer officers to be detailed to examine all bridges erected, or in process of erection, across the Ohio River and report if navigation is obstructed thereby. March 5, 1872 ( 17-86). Chief of Engineers and engineer in charge of public build- ings and grounds to be members of a board to examine condition of harbors and landings along entire water front of Washington and Georgetown. May 8, 1872 (17-61). Chief of Engineers and engineer in charge of public build- ings, etc., to be members of a board to report plan for removing locomotive railroad track in front of the western entrance of the Capitol. May 15, 1872 (17-116). This act establishes rates of pay of enlisted men of the corps from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S. ) Act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stats.; 382). AN ACT to repeal so much of section six of an act entitled "An act making appro- E nations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen undred and seventy, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as prohibits promotions in the Engineer Department of the Army. That so much of section six of an act entitled ' 'An act making appro- priations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thir- *The act of March 2, 1867 ( 14-434), directed the commissioner of public buildings to furnish proper offices for the Department of Education. 512 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as prohibits promotions and new appointments in the Engineer Department be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall authorize promotion in said department above the grade of colonel. December 17, 1872 (17-398). Three experienced officers of engineers to be detailed to examine and report upon proposed construction of bridges across the Ohio River. February 1, 1873 (17-422). Engineer soldiers placed upon same footing as regards extra-duty pay as other enlisted men. March 3, 1873 (17-485). Certain electrical apparatus in the Capitol subject to con- trol and supervision of the Architect of the Capitol and the commissioner of public buildings and grounds. March 3, 1873 (17-510). Improvements and care of public grounds to be under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. March 3, 1873 (17-530). Officer in charge of public buildings and grounds to have rank, pay, etc., of a colonel. March 3, 1873 (17-560). One or more engineers to be detailed to inquire into and report upon practicability of bridging the channel between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Act of June 20, 18? % (18 Stats., 116). AN ACT for the government of the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That the President of the United States shall detail an officer of the Engineer Corps of the Army of the United States, who shall, subject to the general supervision and direction of the said Board of Commissioners, have the control and charge of the work of repair and improvement of all streets, avenues, alleys, sewers, roads, and bridges of the District of Columbia; and he is hereby vested with all the power and authority of, and shall perform the duties heretofore devolved upon, the chief engineer of the board of public works. * * * June 22, 1874 (18-197). Board of Engineers to examine and report relative to construction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near La Crosse, Wis. Act of June 22, 1874, (IS Stats., 199). AN ACT to provide for the appointment of a commission of engineers to investigate and report a permanent plan for the reclamation of the alluvial basin of the Mis- sissippi River subject to inundation. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to assign three officers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, . . . to serve as a board of commissioners; the president of said board to be designated by the President of the United States. It shall be the duty of said commission to make a full report to the President of the best system for the permanent reclamation and redemption of said alluvial basin from inundation, . . . Act of June 23, 1874, (IS Stats., 237.) AN ACT making appropriations for the repair, preservation, and completion of cer- tain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That a board of engineers, to be composed of three from the Army, ... be appointed by the President; which said board shall make a survey of the mouth of the Mississippi River, with a view THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 513 to determine the best method of obtaining and maintaining a depth of water sufficient for the purposes of commerce, either by a canal from said river to the waters of the Gulf, or by deepening one or more of the natural outlets of said river; and said board shall make a full and detailed estimate and statement of the cost of each and said places, and shall report the same, together with their opinion thereon, showing which of all said plans they deem preferable, giving their reasons therefor, to the Secretary of War, to be presented at the commence- ment of the second session of the Forty-third Congress; . . . June 23, 1874 {18-237). Three officers of engineers to be members of a commission to survey mouth of the Mississippi River. March 8, 1875 (18-375). One engineer officer to be detailed as member of a board to conduct experiments in testing iron and steel. March 3, 1875 (18-456). Board of engineers to be convened to examine and report upon improvement of the channel between Staten Island and New Jersey. Note. Under the direction of the Secretary of War, Col. O. E. Babcock, of the Corps of Engineers, was, March 3, 1875, placed in charge of the construction of the State, War, and Navy building. He was relieved, March 3, 1877, by Col. Thomas Lincoln Casey, Corps of Engineers. Act of August %, 1876 {19 Stats., 123). AN ACT providing for the completion of the Washington Monument. . . . And the construction of said monument shall be under the direction and supervision of . . . the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, . . . which officers are hereby constituted a joint commission for the purpose . . . March 3, 1877 (19-344) Appropriates $25,000 to be expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in continuing the survey of the Mississippi River and its tributaries with a view of determining proper method of reclaiming from overflow the alluvial lands of the Mississippi delta. REVISED STATUTES 2ND EDITION 1878. Sec. 519. The Chief of Engineers shall furnish proper offices for the use of the Office of Education. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * A Corps of Engineers. A battalion of engineer soldiers. * * * Sec. 1151. The Corps of Engineers shall consist of one Chief of Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-general; six colonels, twelve lieutenant-colonels, twenty-four majors, thirty captains, twenty-six first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants, and the battalion: Pro- vided, That no promotion shall be made to till any vacancy in said corps above the rank of qolonel. Sec. 1152. The Chief of Engineers is authorized, with the approval of the Secretary of War, to regulate and determine the number, quality, form, and dimensions of the necessary vehicles, pontoons, tools, implements, arms, and other supplies for tne use of the battalion of engineer soldiers. Sec. 1153. It shall be the duty of the engineer superintending the S. Doc. 229 33 514 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. construction of a fortification or engaged about the execution of any other public work to disburse the moneys applicable to the same; but no compensation shall be allowed him for such disbursement. Sec. 1154. The battalion of engineers shall consist of the five com- panies of engineers now existing, one sergeant-major, and one quar- termaster-sergeant, who shall also be commissary -sergeant. Sec. 1155. Each company of engineer soldiers shall consist of ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, and as many privates of the first class, not exceeding sixty -four, and as many privates of the second class, not exceeding sixty -four, as the President may direct, and shall be recruited in the same manner, and with the same limitation, and shall be entitled to the same provisions, allowances, and benefits, in every respect, as are allowed to other troops constituting the present military peace establishment. Sec. 1156. A battalion adjutant, a battalion quartermaster, and appropriate officers to command the companies and battalion of engi- neer soldiers shall be detailed from the Corps of Engineers. Sec. 1157. The enlisted men of the engineer battalion shall perform the duties of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and shall aid in giving practical instruction in those branches at the Military Academy. They may be detailed by the Chief of Engineers to oversee and aid laborers upon fortifications and other works in charge of the Engineer Corps, and as fort keepers to protect and repair finished fortifications. Sec. 1158. Engineers shall not assume nor be ordered on any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the special order of the President. They may, at the discretion of the President, be transferred from one corps to another, regard being paid to rank. X- * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Chief of Engineers . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. -X* * * Sec. 1196. The Secretary of War may detail six officers from the Corps of Engineers, and any number of noncommissioned officers and privates not exceeding one hundred from the battalion of engineers, for the performance of signal duty; but no officer or enlisted man shall be so detailed until he shall have been examined and approved by a military board convened by the Secretary of War. * * * Sec. 1206. No officer of the Corps of Engineers below the rank of field officer shall be promoted to a higher grade until he shall have been examined and approved by a board of three engineers senior to him in rank. If an engineer officer fail on such examination, he shall be suspended from promotion for one year, when' he shall be reexam- ined before a like board. In case of failure on such reexamination, he shall be dismissed from the service. Sec. 1207. When any lieutenant of the Corps of Engineers has served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, ne shall be promoted to the rank of captain, on passing the examination provided by the preceding section, but such promotion shall not authorize an appointment to fill any vacancy when such appointment would increase the whole number of officers in the corps beyond the number fixed by law; nor shall any officer be promoted before officers of the same grade who rank him in his corps. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 515 Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the Army shall, during their first term of enlistment, be as follows, with the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided; * * * Sergeant-majors of engineers, thirty- six dollars. Quartermaster-sergeants of engineers, thirty-six dollars. Sergeants of engineers, . . . thirty-four dollars. Corporals of engineers, . . . twenty dollars. Musicians of engineers, . . . thirteen dollars. Privates (first class) of engineers, . . . seventeen dollars. Privates (second class) of engineers, . . . thirteen dollars. Sec. 1281. This section adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth year of first enlistment. Sec. 1282. Fixes the pay of men reenlisting at the rate of pay for third year of first term of service. * * * Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to be charged against the officer responsible unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 1797. The Chief of Engineers shall have charge of the public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia, under such regu- lations as may be prescribed by the President through the War Depart- ment, except those buildings and grounds which are otherwise provided for by law. Sec. 1798. All estimates for public buildings and grounds in charge of the Chief of Engineers shall be approved and submitted by the Secretary of War, through the Treasury Department, as other esti- mates, to the two Houses of Congress; and all appropriations which have been or may be hereafter made for repairs or improvements of the public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia and now in charge of the Chief of Engineers shall be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War. Sec. 1799. The Chief of Engineers, in charge of public buildings and grounds, is authorized to employ in his office and about the public buildings and grounds under his control such number of persons for such employments and at such rates of compensation as may be appro- priated for by Congress from year to year. Sec. 1800. The Chief of Engineers shall have the immediate superin- tendence of the Washington Aqueduct, together with all rights, appur- tenances, and fixtures connected with the same and belonging to the United States, and of all other public works and improvements in the District of Columbia in which the Government has an interest and whjch are not otherwise .specially provided for by law. Sec. 1801. He shall obey, in the discharge of the duties mentioned 516 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. in the preceding section, such regulations, pursuant to law, as may be prescribed by the President, through the Departmentof War. * * * Sec. 1803. Forbids tapping or opening mains or pipes laid by the Government in Washington City unless by consent of the Chief of Engineers. * * * Sec. 1807. The Chief of Engineers shall receive no compensation, other than his regular pay as an officer of the Corps of Engineers, for the services required of him under the provisions of this title. [Seat of government, including the public buildings.] Sec. 1808. He shall be furnished official apartments in one of the public buildings in the city of Washington, as may be directed by the President, and shall be supplied by the Government with the sta- tionery, instruments, books, and furniture which may be required for the performance of his duties. Sec. 1809. He shall keep in his office a complete record of all the lands and other property connected with or belonging to the Wash- ington Aqueduct and other public works under his charge, together with accurate plans and surveys of the public grounds and reservations in the District of Columbia. Sec. 1810. Chief of Engineers to have full control over the Washington Aqueduct and the supply of water. Sec. 1811. Decisions of Chief of Engineers on all questions relative to supply of water subject to appeal to the Secretary of War only. Sec. 1812. That Chief of Engineers shall, as superintendent of pub- lic buildings and grounds and as superintendent of the Washington Aqueduct, annually submit the following reports to the Secretary of War in time to accompany the annual message of the President to Congress, namely: First. A report of his operations for the preceding year, with an account of the manner in which all appropriations for public buildings and grounds have been applied, including a statement of the number of public lots sold or remaining unsold each year, of the condition of the public buildings and grounds, and of the measures necessary to be taken for the care and preservation of all public property under his charge. Second. A report of the condition, progress, repairs, casualties, and expenditures of the Washington Aqueduct and other public works under his charge. * * * Sec 1817. Certain electrical apparatus in the Capitol subject to control and super- vision of the Architect of the Capitol and the Chief of Engineers in charge of public buildings and grounds. * * * Sec. 1819. Laws and regulations for the preservation of peace in Washington City to extend to Capitol square when requested by the Chief of Engineers in charge of public buildings and grounds. * * * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War. . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render THE COEPS OF ENGINEERS. 517 their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. . . . * * * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . . * * * Sec 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * * Sec. 4653. The President shall appoint . . . two officers of the Corps of Engineers of the Army, . . . together with . . . and an officer of Engineers of the Army, as secretaries, who shall constitute the Light-House Board. # # # Sec. 4663. Whenever preliminary surve3^s are required to ascertain the necessity for any light-house, light-ship, beacon, or other warning to vessels, . . . the Secretary of the Treasury may cause . . . those on the Northwestern Lakes to be made under the direction of the Corps of Engineers. . . . Sec. 4664. The President shall cause to be detailed from the Engineer Corps of the Army from time to time such officers as may be necessary to superintend the construction and renovation of light- houses. Sec. 4665. The Light-House Board shall cause to be prepared by the engineer secretary of the board, or by such officers of Engineers of the Army as may be detailed for that service, all plans, drawings, specifications, and estimates of cost of all illuminating and other appa- ratus, and of construction and repair of towers, buildings, etc., con- nected with the Light-House Establishment. . . . * * * Sec. 4671. An officer of the Army . . . shall be assigned to each district as a light-house inspector, subject to the orders of the Light-House Board, and shall receive for such service the same pay and emoluments that he would be entitled to by law for the perform- ance of duty in the regular line of his profession, and no other, except the legal allowance per mile when traveling under orders connected with his duties. * * * Sec. 4679. No additional salary allowed to any officer of the Army on account of his being employed on the Light-House Board. Sec. 4680. Members of the Light-House Board or inspectors forbidden to be inter- ested, directly or indirectly, in any contract for labor, materials, or supplies for the Light-House Service. 518 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY. Sec. 4684. The President . . . shall cause to be employed as many officers of the Army ... of the United States as will be compatible with the successful prosecution of the work of coast sur- vey; . . . the officers of the Army to be employed on the topo- graphical part of the work; and no officer of the Army . . . shall receive any extra pay out of any appropriations for surveys. * * * Sec. 4687. Officers of the Army . . . shall, as far as practi- cable, be employed in the work of surveying the coast of the United States whenever and in the manner required by the Department hav- ing charge thereof. Sec. 4688. The Secretary of the Treasury may make such allowances to the officers and men of the Army . . . while employed on coast survey service, for subsistence, in addition to their compensation, as he may deem necessary, . . . * * * Sec. 5253. The Chief of Engineers may, with the approval of the Secretary of War, employ such civil engineers, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of executing the surveys and improvements of Western and Northwestern rivers ordered by Congress, as may be necessary to the proper and diligent prosecution of the same; and the persons so emploj^ed may be allowed a reasonable compensation for their services, not to exceed the sum of three thousand dollars a year. STATUTES AT LARGE. June 11, 1878 (20-102) . An engineer officer to be detailed, from time to time, as one of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Resolution of June 20, 1879 {21 Stats., 51). JOINT RESOLUTION relating to a bridge across the Detroit River at or near Detroit, Michigan. Whereas recent progress in the art has shown the practicability of constructing bridges having spans of five hundred feet or possibly more: Therefore, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and required to convene a board of officers of the Corps of Engineers of the Army, whose duty it shall be to inquire into and report whether, for railroad purposes, the river Detroit can be bridged or tunneled at the city of Detroit, or within one mile above or below said city, in such manner as to accommodate the large trade and commerce crossing the river at that point and without material or undue injury to the navigation of said river a good and sufficient tug being always kept by the bridge owners to assist any craft when required. Act of June 29, 1879 {21 Stats., 37). AN ACT to provide for the appointment of a "Mississippi River Commission" for the improvement of said river from the Head of the Passes near its mouth to its head waters. That a commission is hereby created, to be called "The Mississippi River Commission," to consist of seven members. Sec. 2. The President of the United States shall, by and with the THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 519 advice and consent of the Senate, appoint seven commissioners, three of whom shall be selected from the Engineer Corps of the Army, . . . And any vacancy which may occur in the commission shall in like manner be tilled by the President of the United States; and he shall designate one of the commissioners appointed from the Engineer Corps of the Army to be president of the commission. The commis- sioners appointed from the Engineer Corps of the Army . . shall receive no other pay or compensation than is now allowed them by law, . . . and the commissioners appointed under this act shall remain in office subject to removal by the President of the United States. Sec. 3. . . . The Secretary of War shall, when requested by said commission, detail from the Engineer Corps of the Arnry such officers and men as may be necessary, . . . X- * * Sec. 6. The Secretary of War may detail from the Engineer Corps of the Army of the United States an officer to act as secretary of said commisssion. * * * Act of June 30, 1879 (21 Stats., 45). AN ACT providing for filling vacancies in the office of Chief of Engineers, United States Army. That so much of the act of June tenth, eighteen hundred and seventy -two, chapter four hundred and twenty -six, volume seventeen, page three hundred and eighty -two, Statutes at Large, as prohibits promotion in the Corps of Engineers above the rank of colonel, and all other acts prohibiting said promotion, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. June, 14, 1880 {21-180). A board of engineers to be convened to determine upon a plan for constructing an ice harbor at St. Louis; an officer of engineers to prepare a plan for the improvement of the harbor at Kewaunee, Wis. March 3, 1881 {21-468). One engineer officer to be detailed as member of a board to examine all inventions of heavy ordnance, and improvements of heavy ordnance, and projectiles that may be presented to them. July 1, 1882 {22-135). Operations of the water department of the District of Co- lumbia to be under direction of the Engineer Commissioner. August 2, 1882 {22-191) . A board of officers of engineers to examine the Calumet River, 111., with a view to its improvement; skillful engineers to survey the Illinois and Michigan Canal for purpose of enlarging the same; no surveys to be made of rivers and narbors until the Chief of Engineers has reported that the work of im- provement is a public necessity. Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 531). AN ACT making appropriation?) for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILDING. The President is hereby authorized and directed to designate from the Engineer Corps of the Army or the Nav} r an officer well qualified for the purpose, who shall be detailed to act as superintendent of the completed portions of the State, War, and Navy Department building, under the direction of the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy, . . . 520 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 5, 1884, i?3 Stats., 133). AN ACT making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes. * * * That a commission to be called the Missouri River Commission is hereby created, to consist of five members. That the President shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint five commissioners, three of whom shall be selected from the Corps of Engineers of the Army . . . ; and he shall in like manner fill any vacancy in said commission; and he shall designate one of the commissioners appointed from the Corps of Engineers to be president of the commission. The commissioners appointed from the Corps of Engineers shall receive no other pay or compensation than is allowed them by law ... ; and all said com- missioners shall remain in office subject to removal by the President of the United States. That . . . the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed ... to detail from the Corps of Engineers such officers and men as may be necessary, . . . That . . . the Secretary of War may detail from the Corps of Engineers ... an officer to act as secretary of the commission, Act of March 3, 1885 {23 Stats., Ifilj). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, and for other purposes. * -3C* * And the President of the United States shall appoint a board, of which the Secretary of War shall be a member and president, to be composed of two officers of the Engineer Corps, . . . which board shall examine and report at what ports fortifications or other defences are most urgently required, the character and kind of defences best adapted for each, with reference to armament, the utilization of tor- pedoes, mines, or other defensive appliances, . . . For the purchase of movable submarine torpedoes propelled and controlled by power operated and transmitted from shore stations as may be recommended by the Board of Engineers of the Army of the United States and approved by the Secretary of War, . . . * * * July 20, 1886 {24-147). One or more engineer officers to supervise construction of a bridge across the west channel of the Detroit River at Detroit. Act of August 5, 1886 (& Stats., 310). AN ACT making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes. * * * The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the Sturgeon Bay THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 521 and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, connecting the waters of Green Bay with Lake Michigan, in the State of Wisconsin, with a view to making the same a free passageway and harbor of refuge, to consider their value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to naviga- tion, and which shall give information as to the expediency of the work and the desirability of their acquisition and improvement. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall la}- its report before Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; . . . * * * The Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed to ascertain the value and commercial importance of the works and property of the Green and Barren River Navigation Company, situated in the Green and Barren rivers, in the State of Kentucky, and of the Monongahela Navigation Company, situated on the Monongahela River, in the State of Pennsylvania; and in order to acquire such information the Secre- tary of War shall appoint a board of three competent engineers from the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, which board shall in each case report to the Secretary of War . . . * * * The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the two improved waterways known as the Portage Lake and River Improvement Corn- pan} 7 Canal and the Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and Iron Company Canal, being the improved harbors of refuge and the water communication across Keweenaw Point from Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, by way of Portage River and Lake, in the State of Michi- gan, with a view to making the same a free passageway and harbor of refuge, to consider their value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to navigation, and which shall give information as to the expediency of the work and the desirability of their acquisition and improvement. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall lay its report before Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; . . . * * * The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the proposed Hennepin Canal, to consider their value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to naviga- tion, and shall report upon the acquisition and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the construction of the Hennepin Canal. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall lay its report before Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; . . . * * * Sec. 7. . . . Provided, That no survey shall be made of any harbors or rivers until the Chief of Engineers shall have directed a preliminary examination of the same by the local engineer in charge of the district, or an engineer detailed for the purpose; and such local 522 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. or detailed engineer shall report to said Chief of Engineers whether, in his opinion, said harbor or river is worthy of improvement, and shall state in such report fully and particularly the facts and reasons on which he bases such opinion, including the present and prospective demands of commerce; and it shall be the duty of the Chief of Engi neers to direct the making of such survey if in his opinion, the harbor or river proposed to be surveyed be worthy of improvement bj T the General Government; and he shall report to the Secretary of War the facts and what public necessity or convenience may be subserved thereby, together with the full reports of the local engineer. . . . * * * March 3, 1887 (24-472). Board of engineer officers to examine map and drawings for bridge across the Great Kanawha River in West Virginia. Resolution of March 5, 1888 {25 Stats., 618). JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the Secretary of War to appoint a board of three engineers to examine and report in relation to the Delaware River between the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey, and for other pur- poses. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to immediately appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty is shall be to examine, in all their relations to com- merce, the islands known as Smiths Island, Windmill Island, and Petty s Island, in the Delaware River, between the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, and the city of Camden, in the State of New Jersey, which board shall forthwith report to the Secretary of War as to whether said islands, or any shoal in the said river between or adjacent to the said islands or any of them, constitute an obstruction to the commerce of the Delaware River or to the passage of vessels between the said States, and with a view to removing said islands and shoals to report a plan, with the estimate of cost for their removal, in whole or in part, and for the improvement of the harbor of the port of Philadelphia, including the probable cost to the Government of said islands, so as to secure free and uninterrupted commerce upon the said Delaware River, and the unobstructed passage of vessels to and from and between the said States; . . . May 24, 1888 (25-155). This resolution authorizes the detail of an officer of the Engineer Corps, in cooperation with the Maumee Valley Monumental Association, to examine and inspect the enumerated historic grounds, location, and military works. Survey and full report to be made to Congress. June 19, 1888 (25-195). Three engineer officers to examine location of proposed bridge across the Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky. August 11, 1888 (25-400). Board of three engineers to examine plans for improve- ment of Winyard Bay, South Carolina, and harbor of St. Augustine, Fla., and har- bor at Key West, Fla. . and to examine obstructions to navigation at certain points in the Columbia River; Chief of Engineers to direct preliminary surveys of rivers and harbors if deemed by hir worthy of improvement. Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 487). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes. That the appropriations hereinafter provided for shall be available until expended, and shall be expended under the direct supervision of THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 52S a board to consist of ... an officer of engineers, ... to be selected by the Secretary of War, to be called and known as the Board of Ordnance and Fortification; . . . Act of October 2, 1888 (25 Stats., 505). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. BUILDING FOR THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. This appropriation and all appropriations hereafter made, and all sums available from appropriations heretofore made for this purpose, shall be expended under the direction and supervision of the Chief of Engineers of the Army, who shall have the control and management of all of said work and the employment of all persons connected there- with. And all contracts for the construction of said building, or any part thereof, shall be made by the Chief of Engineers of the Army; . . . and the duties of said commission under said act are hereby devolved upon the Chief of Engineers of the Army, who shall annually report to Congress, at the commencement of each session, a detailed statement of all the proceedings under the provisions of this act, . . . : Provided, That before any further contracts are let for the construction of said building, general plans for the entire construction thereof shall be prepared by or under the direction of the Chief of Engineers of the Army, which plans shall be subject to the inspection and approval of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Interior: . . . * * * October 19, 1888 [25-632). Authorizes the Secretary of War to use so much of unexpended balance of appropriation for the Washington Aqueduct tunnel in District of Columbia as may be necessary to protect and preserve the work already done upon that tunnel. February 23, 1899 (25-690). One or more engineer officers to survey a national road from the Aqueduct Bridge to Mount Vernon. Act of March 2, 1889 (25 Stats., 905). AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for prior years, and for other purposes. Water supply, District of Columbia. To enable the Secretary of War to cause to be constructed and put in operation a forty-eight-inch cast-iron main from the present distributing reservoir above George- town, ... to connect with the present forty-eight-inch main from the new reservoir at R and Fourth streets . . . The said work shall be done under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, in the shortest practicable time. . . . 524 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April 19, 1890 {26-671). Board of engineers to report on practicability and cost of tunneling the Detroit River near Detroit, Mich. July 11, 1890 {26-268). Board of engineers to take testimony relative to clear height of North River Bridge, New York, above ordinary high water. August 18, 1890 {20-315). An officer of engineers, not below rank of lieutenant- colonel, to be a member of a board to inquire into the facilities for producing steel forgings for high-power guns at or near the Pacific coast, in the vicinity of the Rock Island Arsenal, the Indianapolis Arsenal, and at some point on or near the Gulf coast; also as to the advisability of erecting at those points gun factories for finishing and assembling high-power guns. Resolution of August 28, 1890 (26 Stats., 678). JOINT RESOLUTION extending the privilege of the Library of Congress to the members and secretary of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Chief of Engineers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army. That the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library be authorized to extend the use of the books in the Library of Congress to . . . the Chief of Engineers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, resident in Washington, on the same conditions and restrictions as mem- bers of Congress are allowed to use the Library. September 19, 1890 {26-426). Boards of three engineer officers to determine best location for a deep-water harbor between Points Duma and Capistrans, on the Pacific coast; to report on reduced project, etc., for harbor of refuge at Port Orford, Oreg. ; to survey most feasible location for a ship canal to connect Lakes Union, Washing- ton, and Samamish with Puget Sound ; to examine the obstructions to navigation in the Hudson River. Act of September 27, 1890 (26 Stats., 492). AN ACT authorizing the establishing of a public park in the District of Columbia. * * * Sec. 2. That the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, the Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia, . . . be, and they are hereby, created a commission to select the land for said park, of the quantity and within the limits aforesaid, and to have the same surveyed by the assistant to the said Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia in charge of public highways, which said assist- ant shall also act as executive officer of the said commission. * * * Sec. 7. That the public park authorized and established by this act shall be under the joint control of the . . . Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, . . . September 30, 1890 {26-554)- Board of three engineer officers to determine in a given contingency whether the use of the Louisville and Portland Canal basin by Messrs. Byrne and Speed is prejudicial to the canal or its use. Resolution of December 24, 1890 (26 Stats., 1113). JOINT RESOLUTION defining a quorum of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. . . . Hereafter such Engineer Commissioner may, in the discre- tion of the President of the United States, be detailed from among the captains or officers of higher grade having served at least fifteen years in the Corps of Engineers of the Army of the United States. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 525 February 9, 1891 {26-740). Safe deep harbor on the coast of Texas, to be inspected by Army engineers. July IS, 1892 (27-88). Board of five engineer officers to carefully examine for a proposed deep-water harbor at San Pedro or Santa Monica bays, California; board of seven engineer officers to report on removal of obstructions to navigation in the Columbia River; Chief of Engineers to submit, with his views, reports of local and division engineers having made preliminary examinations of rivers and harbors authorized by this act. Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276). AN ACT amending the act of October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "An act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regu- late promotions therein." * * * Sec. 2. That the examination of officers of the Corps of Engineers . . . who were officers or enlisted men in the regular or volunteer service, either in the Army, Navy, or the Marine Corps, during the war of the rebellion, shall be conducted hj boards composed in the same manner as for the examination of other officers of their respective corps and department; and the examination shall embrace the same subjects prescribed for all other officers of similar grades in the Corps of Engineers, . . . respectively. July 27, 1892 (27-281). An engineer officer to be detailed to examine and report upon work for the improvement of the outer bar of Brunswick, Ga. (This provision is repeated in act of March 1, 1893 (27-529). August 5, 1$92 (27-349). Brig. Gen. T. L. Casey to continue in charge of building for the Library of Congress, whether on the active or the retired list of the Army. Act of March 1, 1893 (27 Stats., 507). AN ACT to create the California Debris Commission and regulate hydraulic mining in the State of California. That a commission is hereby created, to be known as the California Debris Commission, consisting of three members. The President of the United States shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen- ate, appoint the commission from officers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Vacancies occurring therein snail be tilled in like manner. It shall have the authority and exercise the powers hereinafter set forth, under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers and direction of the Secretary of War. Sec. 2. That said commission shall organize within thirty days after its appointment by the selection of such officers as may be required in the performance of its duties, the same to be selected from trie mem- bers thereof. The members of said commission shall receive no greater compensation than is now allowed by law to each, respectively, as an officer of said Corps of Engineers. * * * March 1, 1893 (27-529). An officer of Engineers to examine and report upon improvement of the outer bar of Brunswick, Georgia. March 2, 1898 (27-532). Chief of Engineers to be a member of the commission created for supervision of permanent system of highways in District of Columbia, outside of cities. September 7, 1898 (28-2). Repairs to the old Ford's Theater to be made under direction of the Chief of Engineers. 526 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 29, 1894. (28 Stats., p). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treas- ury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Chief of Engineers, . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with the public property, arising from any loss, accru- ing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. * * * June 27, 1894 {28-586). Commission of three engineer officers to report, upon cost of deepening the harbors of Superior and Duluth. August 6, 1894 {28-233). Purchases, not exceeding $200, may be made in open market. August 18, 1894 {28-338). Two officers of engineers to be members of a board to certify correctness of accounts for improving outer bar of Brunswick, Ga.; Chief of Engineers and one officer of his corps to be members of a board to determine the most feasible route for construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; board of three engineer officers to survey canal routes from Lake Erie to the Ohio River and report to Congress at its next session. Resolution of December 24, 1894 (28-967) authorizes delay of report until the first session of the next Congress. March 2, 1895 {28-744)- Improvement of the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir to be under Col. G. H. Elliott notwithstanding his retirement, and in the event of his death, under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. March 2, 1895 {28-910) . Board of three engineer officers to examine bar of Yaquina Bay, Oregon; one officer of engineers to be member of a board to ascertain feasibility and cost of constructing and completing the Nicaraguan Canal ; officer in charge of building for the Library of Congress to receive the pay and allowances of his grade on the active list; fireproof building for the Government printing office to be con- structed by the Chief of Engineers. June 3, 1896 {29-202) . One officer of engineers to be member of a board to report on improvements by Brazos River Channel and Dock Company; boards of three engineer officers each to report on dike between Reedy Island and Liston's Point, Pa. ; to submit plans for the improvement of the Sacrar >ento and Feather rivers, California. March 3, 1897 {29-685) . Board of three engineer officers to report on plan and loca- tion of a bridge over the Mississippi River to the city of St. Louis, Mo. June 4, 1897 {30-11). Boards of three engineer officers each to survey and deter- mine routes and cost of deep waterways between the great lakes and the Atlantic tide waters; to examine improvements at Aransas Pass, Tex. Chief of Engineers to make the surveys, etc., for a memorial bridge from Washington City to Arlington. February 17, 1898 {30-735). Board of three engineer officers to survey and report upon practicability of a navigable channel throughout southwest pass of the Mississippi River. April 11, 1898 {30-737). Incases of emergency, temporary forts or fortifications may be constructed upon written consent of the owner of the land on which such work is to be placed. Act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one chief engineer, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the com- mander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief engineer, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . . THK CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 527 Act of April 26, 1898 {30 Stats., 364). AN ACT for the better organization of the line of the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That upon a declaration of war by Congress, or a declaration of Congress that war exists, the enlisted strength of a company . . . may, in the discretion of the President, be increased to comprise not exceeding: For each company of engineers: one first sergeant, ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, sixty-four first-class privates, sixtj^-three second-class privates; total enlisted, one hundred and fifty. . . . * * May 11, 1898 (30-405). Not to exceed three officers of engineers may hold volun- teer commissions at the same time in any one of the three regiments of engineers authorized; all officers to be appointed by the President and with the consent of the Senate. June 28, 1898 (80-519). Chief of Engineers to be a member of the commission to examine plat of readjustment of highways in District of Columbia outside of cities. June 29, 1898 (30-522). One officer of engineers to be member of board to deter- mine width of draw or pivot span in bridge across Niagara river; one or more engi- neer officers to be constituted a board to personally supervise construction of said bridge. Act of July 5, 1898 (30 Stats., 652). AN ACT relative to the Corps of Engineers of the Army. That the Corps of Engineers of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Chief of Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-general, seven colonels, fourteen lieutenant-colonels, twenty-eight majors, thirty -five captains, thirty first lieutenants, twelve second lieutenants, and the battalion of engineers: Provided, That the vacancies created by this act in all grades above second lieutenant shall be filled by the promotion by seniority of the officers now in the Corps of Engineers: And pro- vided further, That the number of officers in any grade above second lieutenant shall not be increased beyond the number heretofore estab- lished by law by the promotion of any officer to fill an original vacancy created by this act until such officer shall have served at least three years in the grade from which he is promoted, and the captains and lieutenants snail have satisfactorily passed the examinations required by existing laws. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of . . . a Corps of Engineers. . . . * * * Sec. 7. That the ... Corps of Engineers . . . shall con- sist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: Provided, That the battalion of engineers, and the officers serving therewith, shall constitute a part of the line of the Army. . . . 528 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 13. . . . And provided also, That any officer now in the Army who was graduated at the head of his class at the United States Military Academy and who is not now in the Corps of Engineers, may be appointed to the Corps of Engineers with the same grade and date of commission that he would have if he had been appointed to the Corps of Engineers on graduation; but said commission shall not entitle an officer to any back pay or allowance. * * * March 3, 1899 {30-1074)- Government Printing Office to be erected under super- vision of Chief of Engineers. Appropriation for the repair of the house in which Abraham Lincoln died, to be expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. March 3, 1899 (30-1131). Boards of engineer officers to report upon respective routes from Miami, Fla., to the sea; to report on channel through southwest pass of the Mississippi River; to investigate proposed improvement of YaquinaBay, Oregon; to examine project of improvement of Delaware River from Trenton to its mouth; to reexamine channel through Sabine Lake; to examine the Arkansas River with a view to its improvement; to survey and estimate cost of improving the Illinois and Des Plaines rivers; engineers to make full investigation of the Isthmus of Panama; Chief of Engineers, in his annual reports, to state what deterioration has taken place in works of river and harbor improvement. March 3, 1899 (30-1372). Authorizes the commission, of which the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds shall be a member, to erect upon Mount Ver- non square, in Washington City, a building for the use of the Washington Public Library. February 9, 1900 (31- .) Engineer member of deep waterways commission to receive difference between his army pay and the compensation of the other members of the commission. June 6, 1900 (31- ). Appropriations by this act for emergencies in river and harbor works, etc., to be expended under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers; no allotment to be made unless recommended by him. Board of engineers, heretofore appointed to survey the upper Illinois and lower Des Plaines rivers, to report an estimate for channels 10, 12 and 14 feet deep through proposed route including connection at Lockport with the sanitary and ship canal; to report also the cost for the improvement of the lower Illinois River for channels of similar depths. An engineer officer to be member of a board to make plans and estimates for improvement of a harbor at the island of Guam. June 6, 1900 (31- ). Chief of Engineers to have the employment of all persons connected with the plans for extending the Executive Mansion; to make an examina- tion of plans for park improvements in Washington City; road extensions and improvements, etc., in Yellowstone National Park to be made under a general plan approved by the Chief of Engineers. Improvement of the Missouri River from its mouth to Sioux City, Iowa, to be done according to plans, etc., of the Missouri River Commission, and approved by the Chief of Engineers. Act of February 0, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... a Corps of Engineers, . . . * * * Sec. 11. That the enlisted force of the Corps of Engineers shall con- sist of one band and three battalions of engineers. The engineers band shall be organized as now provided by law for bands of infantry regiments. Each battalion of engineers shall consist of one sergeant- major, one quartermaster-sergeant, and four companies. Each com- pany of engineers shall consist of one first sergeant, one quartermaster- sergeant, with the rank, pay, and allowances of sergeant, eight THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 529 sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, two cooks, thirty-eight first- class and thirtv-eight second-class privates: Provided, That the Presi- dent may, in his discretion, increase the number of sergeants in any company of engineers to twelve, the number of corporals to eighteen, the number of first-class privates to sixty-four, and the number of second-class privates to sixty-four, but the total number of enlisted men authorized for the whole Army shall not, at any time, be exceeded: Andpromded, That officers detailed from the Corps of Engineers to serve as battalion adjutants and battalion quartermasters and commis- saries shall, while so serving, receive the pay and allowances herein authorized for battalion staff officers of infantry regiments. * -X- * Sec. 22. That the Corps of Engineers shall consist of one Chief of Engineers with the rank of brigadier-general, seven colonels, four- teen lieutenant-colonels, twenty-eight majors, forty captains, forty first lieutenants, and thirty second lieutenants. The enlisted force provided in section eleven of this act and the officers serving there- with shall constitute a part of the line of the Army: Provided, That the Chief of Engineers shall be selected as now provided by law, and hereafter vacancies in the Corps of Engineers in all other grades above that of second lieutenant shall be filled, as far as possible, by promo- tion according to seniority from the Corps of Engineers: And pro- vided also, That vacancies remaining in the grades of first and second lieutenant may be filled by transfer of officers of the Regular Army, subject to such professional examination as may be approved by the Secretary of War. Vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant not filled by transfer shall be left for future promotions from the Corps of Cadets at the United States Military Academy. * * * Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at am r time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. S. Doc. 229 34 X.-THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 531 THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. May 27, 1775, Congress appointed a committee to consider ways and means to supply the colonies with ammunition and military stores, and the British Government having prohibited the exportation of arms and ammunition to any of the plantations the Congress authorized the exportation of produce in all vessels importing munitions of war. While, July 16, 1776, a Commissioner of Artillery Stores was appointed (April 11, 1777, styled Commissioner-General of Military Stores) the business of procuring arms and ammunition was conducted by a secret committee and the Board of War. The act of April 2, 1794, authorized the President to appoint an offi- cer whose duty, under the Department of War, was to superintend the receiving, safe-keeping, and distribution of military stores. The Ordnance Department was first established under the act of May 14, 1812. It was not provided for in the reduction of the Army March 3, 1815; but the act of April 24, 1816, provided that it be continued as organized under the act of February 8, 1815. By the act of March 2, 1821, the Ordnance Department, as an independ- ent bureau, was abolished and merged in the artillery. The President was authorized to select such artillery officers as might be necessary to perform ordnance duties, and to each regiment of that arm one super numerary captain was attached for ordnance duty. The provision of that law making the artillery officers subject only to the orders of the War Department while on ordnance duty was almost tantamount to preserving the independence of the bureau, and must be regarded as a manifestation by Congress of a want of confidence in the success of the scheme. The law was passed in the interests of economy, simplicity of organization, and thoroughness of instruction. Mr. Secretary Calhoun, who strongly advocated the measure, said: By uniting the three corps of the ordnance, light artillery, and artillery in one, appointing one general staff at the head of it, and making its officers pass in rotation through the three services, the organization of the Army will be rendered more simple and the instruction of the officers much more complete. Experience, however, proved that neither interest was at all sub- served. After eleven years' trial the experiment proved a failure, and was so acknowledged by the ablest generals of the Army and the most distinguished public men of the country, including Mr. Calhoun himself. Accordingly the Department was reorganized on an independent footing by the act of April 5, 1832. Commissary of Artillery Stores. Aug. 17,1775. Mr. Ezekiel Cheever. July 16, 177, 1776. Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to employ such a number of persons as they shall find necessary to manufacture flints for the Continent; and, for this purpose, to apply to the respective assemblies, conventions, and councils, or committee of safety of the United American States, or committees of inspection of the counties and towns thereunto belonging, for the names and places of abode of persons skilled in the manufactory aforesaid, and of the places in their respective States where the best flint stones are to be obtained, with samples of the same. July 5, 1776. Resolved, That Mr. John Coburn, who has acted as an assistant con- ductor of military stores in Canada, and has produced certificates of his having done his duty in that station, be allowed lieutenant's pay from the first day of March to the first day of June last. 542 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. July 16, 1776. The Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of military stores for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken, Benjamin Flower, esq., was elected. July 19, 1776. Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the making cannon be empowered to contract with Messrs. Hughes for one thou- sand tons of cannon on the terms by them proposed. August 21, 1776. Resolved, That the cannon committee be directed to contract for the immediate casting of six 6-pounders, six 12-pounders, four 8-inch howitzers, four 6-inch howitzers, and 6 cohorn mortars, to be made of brass, if a sufficient quantity of that metal can be procured; if not, to be cast of iron, and sent as soon as possible to General Gates for the use of the northern army, and that the said committee provide also carriages and everything necessary to complete the said artillery for service. August 28, 1776. Resolved, That there be an inspector or inspectors sufficiently quali- fied to judge the goodness of gunpowder, who shall examine every cask of gunpowder manufactured or to be purchased on account of the United States, by the most approved method of ascertaining the quality of gunpowder; that said inspector or inspectors to receive one-eighth part of a dollar for every hundredweight of powder he or they shall so examine; That no gunpowder be received into the public magazine for the use of the United States of America, or delivered from the powder mills fort hat purpose, but such as has been approved by the public inspector as to its quickness in firing, strength, dryness, and other necessary qualities; That the inspector mark each cask approved with the letters U. S. A. , and such other marks as are necessary to distinguish the several sorts of powder; That every maker of gunpowder mark every cask in which he shall pack his gunpowder with the first letters of his name; That gunpowder be put into no casks but such as are well seasoned and dry; That it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States of America to cause suitable inspectors to be appointed to examine and determine the quality of all gunpowder manufactured within their jurisdiction, and that no person be allowed to vend any gunpowder manufactured in any of the States of America unless the same, in the judgment of such inspector, shall be of sufficient quality, and to make sucn laws for executing this or any other regulations for promoting the manufacture of good gunpowder as to them may seem most con- venient. Congress then proceeded to the election of an inspector of gunpowder; and, the ballots being taken, Robert Towers was chosen. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 543 September 18, 1776. * * Ordered, That the secret committee furnish the said committee [appointed to contract for casting cannon] with two barrels of powder for proving cannon. September 20, 1776. Ordered, That Mr. Paine write to Governor Trumbull respecting the practicability of enlarging the furnace at Salisbury for casting heavy cannon there, and request his opinion concerning the same. September 27, 1776. Ordered, That the secret committee deliver to the board of war the care and custody of all arms, ammunition, and other warlike stores now under their care or that may hereafter be imported or purchased by them for account of the United States of America. October 21, 1776. The secret committee having informed Congress that a vessel was arrived in New Hampshire with a cargo on account of the Continent, among which was a quantity of flints, it was thereon Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to order 30,000 of the said flints to General Schuyler, for the use of the army in the Northern Department, and the remainder to General Washington, for the use of the army under his immediate command. October 22, 1776. The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at Portsmouth in the brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the following articles, viz, . . . 250 small arms, 100,000 flints, . . . and 10 tons of lead; whereupon, Resolved, . . . That 60,000 flints be sent to General Washington; That 38,000 flints, 150 small arms, . . . and 8 tons of lead be sent to the northern army, under General Schuyler and General Gates. November 1>, 1776. Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies or con- ventions of the colonies, respectively, to set and keep their gunsmiths at work to manufacture good firelocks, with bayonets, each firelock be made with a good bridle lock, three-quarters of an inch bore, and of good .substance at the breech, the barrel to be three feet 8 inches in length, the bayonet to be 18 inches in the blade, with a steel ramrod, the upper loop thereof to be trumpet-mouthed; that the price to be given to be fixed by the assembly or convention or committee of each Colon}-, and that until a sufficient quantity of good arms can be manu- factured they import a- many as are wanted by all the means in their power. 544 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved, That the good arms of such soldiers as leave the service be retained for the use of the new army, on a valuation made of them. November 19, 1776. Resolved, That 100 tbree-pounders, 50 six- pounders, 50 twelve- pounders, 13 eighteen-pounders, and 13 twenty-four-pounders, all of brass, be immediately provided as field artillery for the use of the armies of the United States; That the secret committee be directed to take the most effectual meas- ures for procuring the said brass artillery; that the said committee confer with the committee for procuring cannon and consult with them how many they can provide; That this matter be kept as secret as the nature of the business will admit. Resolved, . . . That some proper person be appointed to act in the capacity of armorer to assist the commissary of [military] stores in inspecting, superintending repairs, and taking care of all the Conti- nental arms in the public magazine at Philadelphia. November 19, 1776. Congress desired Pennsylvania and the States south to lay up military stores, ammunition, etc. November 26, 1776. Resolved, That the cannon committee be directed to enquire what quantity of cannon are on board the prize ship that arrived yesterday in the port of Philadelphia, and if they are fit for field artillery to take measures to have them mounted on proper carriages and sent to General Washington. November 28, 1776. Resolved, That a letter be sent to Governor Trumbull, desiring him to order 20 cannon, carrying shot of 18 pounds weight, to be cast at Salisbury furnace; . . . That skillful persons be sent to examine the Salisbury and Mr. Livingston's founderies; and if it be found that a sufficient number of cannon may be cast there, that proper artificers be forthwith emplojed in the work, an agreement being first made with Governor Trumbull and Mr. Livingston for that purpose. November 28, 1776. A plan for an artillery yard was referred to a committee com- posed of Messrs. R. H. Lee, Paine, and Middleton. November 29, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to provide, as soon as may be, arms . . . for 3,000 horse. December 2, 1776. Resolved, That it be recommended to the governor and council of Virginia to take the most effectual measures for purchasing and col- lecting, for Continental use, all the copper and other materials fit for casting brass field artillery that can be got in that State, and the Con- gress will defray the cost and expense of the same. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 545 December 12, 1776. Owing to the approach of the enemy, Congress ordered that the arms and ammunition in and near Philadelphia be put under control of General Putnam, who was charged with the defense of the city. December U, 1776. Resolved, That two other magazines of ammunition, in addition to that agreed on the 21st, be formed, one in the Eastern States and one in the Southern States. Ordered, That the Delegates of the Eastern States confer together, and also those of the Southern States, and fix upon proper places, and report to Congress on Thursday next. December 30, 1776. Resolved, That General Schuyler, or the commanding officer of the northern arm}', be directed to cause an elaboratory to be erected at such place as he shall judge most convenient, to fix all the necessary ammunition for the ensuing campaign. January 11^, 1777. Resolved, That Messrs. Morris, Clymer, and Walton be directed, with all possible dispatch, to procure in the State of Pennsylvania or New Jersey, and send to Albany, three tons of steel and five tons of nail rods for the use of the Army in the Northern Department. January %%, 1777. Resolved, . . . That Thomas Butler be appointed public armorer, and that he immediately repair to the city of Philadelphia to superin- tend the said business agreeably to the resolve of the 19th of November; That he be allowed 3 dollars a day for his pay and subsistence. January U, 1777. Resolved, That the pay of the commissary of military stores, to be appointed to take, charge and care of the Continental stores in Mary- land, be 40 dollars per month. February 1, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of military stores in Maryland; and the ballots being taken, Mr. Saint George Peale was elected. February U, 1777. RrHoliud, That Mr. K. T. Paine be empowered and directed to con- tract with Colonel Gridley for forty 8-inch iron howitzers, upon terms that he shall judge reasonable. . . . February U, 1777. Resolved, That the several States be requested to take the most effec- tual steps for immediately collecting from the inhabitants not in actual service all Continental arms and give notice of the number they shall collect to General Washington; S. Doc. 229 35 546 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That all arms and accoutrements belonging to the United States be stamped or marked with the words United States; all arms already made to be stamped upon such parts as will receive the impression, and those hereafter to be manufactured to be stamped with the said words on every part composing the stand, and all arms and accoutrements so stamped or marked shall be taken whenever found for the use of the States, except they shall be in the hands of those actually in Conti- nental service; That it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States to enact proper laws for the punishment of those who shall unlawfully take, secrete, refuse, or neglect to deliver any Continental arms or accoutrements which they may have in their possession. March U, 1777. Resolved, That the pay of Mr. Nathaniel Barber, jr., deputy com- missary of artillery in the Eastern Department, be 53 dollars and ^ per month, and three rations a day. March 22, 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to contract with Mr. Wheeler for a number of cannon of the new construction, invented by the said Wheeler. ' March 31, 1777. Congress having received advice that the ship Mercury of Nantz is arrived at Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, with a cargo for the United States, consisting of 11,987 fusees, 1,000 barrels of powder, 11,000 gunflints, . . . Ordered, That 5,000 of the arms be delivered to the order of the council of Massachusetts Bay, for the purpose of arming the troops raised in that State for the Army of the United States; . . . Ordei'ed, That 15 tons of the powder be delivered to the order of the council of Massachusetts Bay, . . . Ordered, That the secret committee deliver the remainder of the powder, arms, and flints to the order of the Board of War, . . . April 2, 1777. Ordered, That a copy of the letter this day received from General Washington be sent to the council of Penns\ivania and to the gov- ernors of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, and that Governor Johnson, of Maryland be requested to give orders for the immediate removal of the powder and military stores at Annapolis to the town of Frederick, in Maryland, and the powder and military stores at Balti- more to the town of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, and take measures to have this done with all possible expedition. April 9, 1777. Resolved, That the Commissary-General of Military Stores be directed immediately to furnish as many rifles, not exceeding 1,000, to be sent to Fort Pitt, as he can procure, . . . THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 547 Resolved, That it be recommended to the good people of the States to furnish the Commissary -General of Military Stores with all such articles he may want for the use of the Army, at a reasonable price; and that the several legislatures or executive powers of the States be desired to exempt from military duty all persons in the militia who are or shall be employed in casting shot and manufacturing military stores of every species while such persons shall be employed in the said service. April 11, 1777. Resolved, . . . That Colonel Flower, Commissary-General of Military Stores, be empowered to purchase 200 rifles and their accou- trements, to be sent to Fort Pitt. April IJh 1777. Resolved, That the resolution passed the 27th [24th] of December last, for erecting a magazine and laboratory in the town of Brookfield, in the State of Massachusetts Bay, be repealed; and that, instead thereof, a magazine sufficient to contain 10,000 stand of arms and 200 tons of gunpowder, and laboratory adjacent thereto, be erected in Springfield, in the said State. May 3, 1777. Resolved, That John Belton be authorized and appointed to super- intend and direct the making or altering 100 muskets on the construc- tion exhibited by him and called "the new improved gun," and that he receive a reasonable compensation for his trouble and be allowed all just and necessary expenses. June 20, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the Board of War may order the commissary of hides to deliver to the commissary of military stores so much of the leather in his hands as may be necessary for making accoutrements, etc. , for the Army . . . That the secret committee . . . import from the Spanish West Indies such a quantity of dried hides as they may judge necessary for . . . public uses. July 23, 1777. Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the casting of cannon be directed to deliver to the Board of War and Ordnance all the contracts they have made, . . . and that they be discharged from proceeding farther in that business; and that the Board of War and Ordnance be vested with the powers granted to the aforesaid com- mittee, and that they be directed to attend to the execution of the said contracts,, and to take such measures as they shall judge proper and effectual for procuring a proper supply of cannon for the land . . . service . . . July 28, 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to purchase such powder and military stores offered for sale in any of these States as they may judge necessary for the public service. 548 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 8, 1777. It having been represented to Congress that Darby Lux, Anson Butler, Nicholas Haite, Thomas James, and Nathaniel Owings, of Baltimore County, in the State of Maryland, gentlemen, have in com- pany undertaken to open a lead mine and to erect works for smelting the ore, and that the inhabitants in the neighborhood have refused to permit them to proceed in the prosecution of their design without credentials from Congress that they are friends to the United States, and it appearing to Congress, by the representation of the governor and delegates of Maryland, that the said gentlemen are faithful friends to the American cause, Resolved, That it be recommended to the inhabitants in the neigh- borhood of the lead mine aforesaid to permit the same to be worked by the above gentlemen, and to give them every encouragement in the prosecution of a work of such public utility and from which a supply of lead may be drawn for the service of these States. August 11, 1777. Resolved, That Mons. du Coudray be appointed inspector-general of ordnance and military manufactories, with the rank of major-general. August 26, 1777. Resolved, That the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania be requested to order all the leaden spouts in Philadelphia to be taken down for the use of the laboratory. * * * Resolved, That it be recommended to the supreme executive council of the State of Pennsylvania to cause a diligent search to be made in the houses of all the inhabitants of the city of Philadelphia, who have not manifested their attachment to the American cause, for firearms, swords, and bayonets; that the owners of the arms so found be paid for them at an appraised value, and that they be delivered to sucn of the militia of the State of Pennsylvania who are at present unarmed and have been called into the field. September 16, 1777. The Commissary-General of Military Stores was ordered to remove to Bethlehem, or some other place of safety, the stores belonging to his department ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J. September 18, 1777. Colonel Flower submitted a list of all the officers, etc., in the department of the Commissary-General of Military Stores, and Congress granted them commissions. September <27 , 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to cooperate with General Washington in devising and carrying into execution effectual measures for supplying the Army with firearms . . . and other necessaries, and that in executing this business these collections be con- fined, as much as circumstances will admit, to persons of dissatisfied and equivocal characters. October 6, 1777. " Buckshot are to be put into all the cartridges which shall here- after be made." (Orders, General Headquarters, Perkiomy.) THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 549 October SO, 1777. Resolved, That the government of the State of Connecticut be requested to permit the workmen at Salisbury iron works to cast mortars for continental use of such calibres and in such numbers as shall be directed by Brigadier-General Knox, and that he be informed of this resolution, and desired to write to Governor Trumbull on the subject. That a letter be written by the Board of War to the government of the State of New York, representing, in the strongest terms, the great want of lead and the absolute necessity there is for providing season- able resources of that article; that it be therefore earnestly recom- mended to the said government forthwith to take measures for having the lead mines in that State worked; and that, in case a sufficient num- ber of labourers can not be procured for that purpose, the commissary- general of prisoners be directed to furnish a competent number of prisoners or war for that end. November 11, 1777. Ordered, That commissions be granted to the following persons in the department of the Commissary-General of Military Stores, with the dates annexed to their respective names, agreeably to the said list, viz: Of the company to work in the laboratory, enlisted to serve during the war as artillerymen: Isaac Cowan, captain, February the 1st, 1777; Will. E. Godfrey, captain -lieutenant, March the 1st, 1777; Andrew Caldwell, second lieutenant, April the 1st, 1777. Of the company of artillery artificers, enlisted during the war, to be attached to the artillery in the field: Jesse Roe, captain, February the 3rd, 1777; Valentine Hoffman, captain-lieutenant, February the 12th, 1777; Christian Beackly, first lieutenant, February the 3rd, 1777; and Will Preston, second lieutenant, April 7, 1777. Of the companies of artillery artificers, enlisted to serve for one year, and ordered to be reenlisted to serve during the war: Nathaniel Irish, captain, February 7th, 1777; Thomas Wylie, captain-lieutenant, February 17th, 1777; George Norris, first lieutenant, February 8th, 1777; James Sweiney, second lieutenant, February 22d, 1777; David Pancoast, captain, February 10th, 1777; John Jordan, captain-lieuten- ant. February 17th, 1777; James Gibson, first lieutenant, February 17th, 1777. Jonathan Gostelow, major, commissary of military stores, February 1st, 1777; Joseph Watkins, major, commissary of ordnance stores, February 5th, 1777; Wollory Meng, captain, superintendent of leather manufactory, April 1st, 1777; Samuel Sergeant, superintendent of the Eublic works at Carlisle, and keeper of all the stores, August, 1777; is pay, 60 dollars a month and 4 rations a day. Charles Lukcns, major, commissary of military stores and paymas- ter to the commissary-general of military stores in the department at Carlisle, March 8th, 1777, his pay 60 dollars a month and 4 rations a day. Johnson Smith, contractor and procurer of all the lumber and some other materials wanted for the public; works at Carlisle, July 21st, 1777; pay, 60 dollars a month and 3 rations a day. 550 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Cornelius Sweers, assistant commissary of military stores at Phila- delphia, February 1st, 1777. Alexander Power, quartermaster to the corps of artillery artificers at Carlisle, July 30th, 1777; same pay and rations as regimental quar- termaster. Samuel French, major, commissary of military stores, January 18th, 1777, with the Army. George Everson, captain, deputy commissary of military stores, January 18th, 1777. Alexander Henderson, captain, deputy commissary of military stores, September 10th, 1777. November 22, 1777. In view of the difficulty of purchasing any stores at reasonable prices, the several States were invited to adopt and enforce a temporary regulation of prices. December 21, 1777. "The General congratulates the Army on the arrival of a French ship at Portsmouth, with 48 brass cannon (4-pounders, with carriages com- plete), 19 9-inch mortars, 2,500 9-inch bombs, 2,000 4-pound balls, intrenching tools, 4,100 stands of arms, a quantity of powder, and 61,051 pounds of sulphur." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) January 15, 1778. Resolved, That the Board of War be authorized to direct Colonel Flower to make a contract with Mr. Whitehead Humphreys, on the terms of the former agreement, or such other as Colonel Flower shall deem equitable, for making a quantity of steel for the supply of the continental artificers and works with that necessary article; and as the iron made at the Andover works only will with certainty answer the purpose of making steel, that Colonel Flower be directed to apply to the government of New Jersey to put a proper person in charge of these works (the same belonging to persons who adhere to the enemies of these States) upon such terms as the government of the State of New Jerse} 7 shall think proper, and that Colonel Flower contract with the said person for such quantity of iron as he shall think the service requires. Resolved, That a letter be written by the Board of War to the gov- ernor and council of the State of New Jersey, setting forth the pecul- iarity of the demand for these works, being the only proper means of procuring iron for steel, an article without which the service must irreparably suffer, and that the said governor and council be directed to take such means as they shall think most proper for putting the said works in blast and obtaining a supply of iron without delay. February 4, 1778. Resolved, That Captain Isaac Cowan receive monthly 25 dollars addi- tional pay, besides his present appointments, in consideration of his teaching the laboratory art to such officers of artillery as shall be sent to him for that purpose. Ordered, That 2,000 dollars be advanced to Captain Isaac Cowan to pay his company of laboratory artillerymen and to recruit the said com- pany to 100 men, agreeably to the directions of General Washington. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 551 February 6, 177S. Resolved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be directed to lay before Congress an estimate of the expense of erecting and carrying on a foundry for brass ordnance, the number of persons necessary to conduct the business, and the proper salaries for each. February 11, 1778. Resolved, That there shall be one commissary-general of military stores, whose business it shall be to receive and deliver all arms, ammu- nition, and accoutrements of every species and denomination, to pro- vide and contract for all such articles as may be wanted in this depart- ment, according to the directions he shall receive from the Board of War and Ordnance; to receive and collect returns from all the differ- ent States where there are any continental arms and stores, draw them into one general return, and on the first day of every month deliver one to the Board of War and Ordnance. In case of vacancy, occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise, of anv of the commissaries, commissaries' deputies, or conductors, which may happen in any department near to where the Commissary-General may be, he shall have permission to fill such vacancy, pro tempore, until it shall be confirmed or disapproved by Congress. All moneys to be drawn on account of military stores to be, by appli- cation of the Commissary-General or his deputies, to the Board of War and Ordnance; and all moneys so drawn to be accounted for by him once in every six months to the Board of Treasury or to such auditors or commissioners as the said board shall direct. All commissaries, deputy commissaries, or conductors who may have money advanced to them by the Commissary-General for the use of their several depart- ments to keep regular accounts and produce vouchers and receipts for the sums paid, and account for the same to the Commissary -General once every month or as often as called for. All continental armourers shall be under the direction of the Board of War and Ordnance and of the commissary -general of military stores, the armourers to receive from the said commissary all arms to be repaired, make returns of the state of repairs when demanded, and deliver the arms when repaired into his store, the principal armourer or armourers at each and every armoury to be accountable tor all such arms as he or they shall receive until they are repaired and delivered to the Commissary-General, his deputies or assistants; and the said Commis- sary-General shall see that every method is taken by the armourers to hasten the repair of the anus: the principal armourers to receive money from the Commissary-General for the contingent expenses of their departments, and the Commissary -General shall produce their accounts and vouchers at the adjustment of his accounts. That there be as many deputies, assistants, commissaries, deputy commissaries, conductors, and clerks as the exigency of the service shall require, to be appointed by the Board of War and Ordnance; and the said board are, from time to time, to report all such appointments to Congress. That the pay of officers in the department of the commissary-general of military stores be as follows: Commissary -General, 100 dollars per month and six rations a day; 552 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. deputy commissaries-general, of which there shall be one in each mili- tary division of the States, each 75 dollars per month and five rations per day. Commissaries, each, 60 dollars per month and 4 rations per day. Deputy commissaries, 50 do. do. 4 do. Conductors, 40 do. do. 2 do. Clerks, 40 do. do. 2 do. The Commissary-General shall be allowed forage for two horses; his deputies, assistants, commissaries, and conductors to be allowed forage for one horse each; and the captains of the artillery artificers, respec- tively, when duty requires their traveling to collect materials, to have forage for one horse. That for the future no rank be annexed to the officers in this depart- ment, except they belong to the regiment of artillery artificers, and then their rank only to take place as officers of that corps, the pay also which they receive as officers in that regiment to be included in the pay herein settled for the officers of the Commissary-General's department. That a return be made to the Board of War and Ordnance once every month of all officers employed in the civil branch of ordnance and military stores. All commissaries, deputy commissaries, conductors, and clerks who shall have the separate charge of any stores are, on the first day of every month, to make out an exact return of all cannon and military stores of every species and denomination, one copy whereof they shall transmit to the Commissary-General, who is to put them into one gen- eral return, as heretofore directed, and one other copy thereof the said commissaries, deputy commissaries, conductors, and clerks, are to send to the Board of War and Ordnance. All the artillery artificers that are or may be employed at any armouries, laboratories, founderies, or military^ magazines (those employed with the army in the field excepted), shall be under the immediate direction and subject to the orders and command of the Commissary-General, or the officer directed by him to take charge of the same. The Quartermaster-General, his deputies and assistants, shall give the Commissary-General every assistance of teams for the removal of public stores, and in case there be no quartermaster in the department or place from whence the stores are to be removed, the Commissary- General shall have power to procure teams in the way and manner that will best promote the public service. All officers, artificers, and others in the ordnance and military department shall be governed by the Rules and Articles of War, in the same manner as other officers in the artillery of the United States. The Commissary-General shall give such forms or returns and instructions to his deputies, assistant commissaries, conductors, etc., as the service and situation of their department shall require; and all officers in this department are to attend to such orders and instructions as they shall receive from time to time from the Board of War and Ordnance or the Commissary-General. All regulations incidental to the department, and not enlarging the powers and authorities here given, shall be settled and made by the Board of War and Ordnance. The Board of War and Ordnance shall transmit, from time to time, THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 558 as the service shall render necessary, transcripts of all returns received from the coniniissa^-general of military stores, and also accounts of all ordnance and stores under their care or belonging to the United States, and the places where the same are deposited, to the commander in chief of the armies of the United States, in order that he may make such requisitions of supplies for the army under his immediate com- mand or for the separate departments as he shall think proper, and give such advice ana directions as to the disposition of them as circum- stances may from time to time require. The commanding officer of artillery, for the time being, in the Grand Army, with the chief engineer, commissary of artillery, and eldest colonel of artillery, in camp or such of them as are present with the Army, shall be a subordinate board of ordnance, under the direc- tion of the commander in chief or the Board of War and Ordnance, for transacting all business of the Ordnance Department necessary to be done in the field, and to have the care of all ordnance and stores at camp; and in case of sudden exigency the commissary -general of mili- tary stores shall be obliged to obey their directions as to any supplies wanted by the Army out of the stores not in camp, and the said board shall correspond with and report their proceedings to the Board of War and Ordnance, from whom they are to receive any necessary assistance. Resolved, That the pay of Col. Benjamin Flower's corps of artillery artificers shall be, for all those who engage to serve the United States as such for three years, or during the war, $20 a month, besides the same bounty, clothing, and every other benefit allowed by Congress to the continental artillery; the officers the same pay of others of equal rank in the continental artillery; and that Colonel Flower augment the four companies ordered to be raised in January last, add other com- panies to the said regiment, and, if necessary, increase the pay of the officers and men in the same, agreeable to such orders as have been given for that purpose by General Washington, and that he be required forthwith to transmit a copy of such orders to Congress. That if the exigency of the service makes it necessary to employ, at any time or place, more artificers than the commissary ma} 7 have enlisted or can enlist, then he, his deputies or assistants, may engage them, for the time of such necessity, on the most reasonable terms possible, with the approbation of the Board of War and Ordnance. Resolved, That Col. Flower receive the pay and rations of a colonel from the 16th of July, 1776, to this 11th day of February, 1778. Resolved, That a commission of captain in Col. Flowers regiment of artillery artificers be granted to Wollory Meng, dated the 1st of April, 1777. That Captain -Lieutenant Thomas Wylie be promoted to the rank of captain of an additional company to be raised in the said regiment of artillery artificers, his commission to be dated the 1st of February, 1778. Resolved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be empowered to make a contract with Mr. Byers, as superintendent of a foundery of brass cannon. March 19, 1778. Resolved, That it be recommended to each State to appoint some suitable person or persons to get made with all possible despatch as many complete sets of accoutrements and spare bayonet sheaths as 554 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. shall be sufficient for their respective quotas of troops; the cartridge boxes to be made to hold at least 29 rounds of cartridges when made up with ounce balls, and the cover of good substantial leather with a small cover or flap under it that the ammunition may be most effectually guarded against rain; and to prevent impositions from the workmen, that proper inspectors be appointed to examine and receive the accou- trements, with orders to reject such as are bad and insufficient, and that the accoutrements so provided be sent forward with the troops, or as soon after as possible. That in case in any State they have quantities of tin, instead of the cartouch boxes, an equal number of tin cartridge canisters be furnished agreeably to a pattern or description to be sent to the Board of War. April 4, 1778. Resolved, That Daniel and Samuel Hughes, of the State of Mary- land, shall not be held to make any more cannon on their present contract; * * * That the Board of War and Ordnance be authorized to enter into a contract with Messrs. Daniel and Samuel Hughes for such a number of battering cannon and mortars, and such quantitj 7 of shot and shells as they shall deem necessary for the public service. April 18, 1778. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to make a strict inquiry into the mode in which the armourer's department has been hitherto conducted and report to Congress the result of their inquiry, and, if the} 7 judge necessary, to dismiss the persons who have been hitherto employed in that business and to engage others in their stead on the best terms possible. April 23, 1778. A letter of the 21st from the Board of War was read wherein they inform that . . . they have dismissed Mr. Butler, the former public armourer, and appointed William Henry, esq., of Lancaster, superintendent of arms and military accoutrements. Resolved, That Congress approve the proceedings of the Board of War and confirm their appointment. May 7, 1778. The Board of War having recommended Nathaniel Chapman, esq., to be captain of the additional company to Colonel Flower's regiment of artillery artificers; John Jordan, esq., to be captain in the room of David Pancoast, resigned; and Henry Strape and Theophilus Parks, lieutenants in the same corps; Resolved, That they be appointed and that commissions be granted to them accordingly. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 555 June 10, 1778. Resohied, That Governor Henry be requested to purchase for the United States the articles contained in the list hereto annexed, being part of the cargo of the French ship Le Fier Roderique, as cheap as he can, not exceeding the price following, viz, 450 Virginia money for every 100 sterling, to be paid in tobacco at 10 dollars per hundred, and that a letter be written to his excellency explaining the principle of such limitation. LIST OF ARTICLES. Leaden bullets of different sizes; . . . gunpowder; flints; June 20, 1778. Cornelius Sweers, deputy commissary-general of military stores, was arrested June 20, pending examination of the charge of fraud made against him and was committed to jail August 1, and on the 24th of the month the Board of Treasury was directed to employ counsel to prosecute him. August 3, 1778. Colonel Benjamin Flower, Commissary-General of Military Stores, was arrested on charges of malfeasance in office, prepared by Cornelius Sweers, late deputy commissary, but was honorably acquitted by Congress August 24, 1778. January 2, 1779. The committee to whom was referred the memorial of Messrs. Penet and Couloux, respecting a manufactory of firearms, report: "That the said Messrs. Penet and Couloux propose to establish a manufactory for making firearms, side arms, etc., of all kinds, in some convenient place in one of the United States, if they can have proper encouragement from Congress; that they are willing to contract to make and deliver 100,000 muskets with bayonets of the best kind, completely finished, at the price of 26 livres apiece, to be paid in specie or other currency equivalent; that they will deliver 20,000 of the said arms by the expiration of two years and an half, and the resi- due within the term of six or seven years from the time of contract- ing; or, if the whole number of muskets are not wanted, they will agree to make any other kind of firearms or side arms in lieu thereof, they to find all materials and be at the whole expense of making the arms." The committee further report: "That in their opinion it will be beneficial to these States to have such a manufactory established, and that the terms proposed are reasonable." Resolved, That the Board of War be authorized to contract with Messrs. Penet and Couloux for a suitable number of muskets, with bayonets of a proper size, and other arms, to be manufactured in these States, agreeable to the foregoing proposal. February 2, 1779. The Board of War having reported that the firm of the house in which Mr. Penet is engaged is Messrs. Penet, Windel & Co., and that Mr. Cou- loux's name is not to appear in the agreement, Congress modified accordingly the above resolution. February 18, 1779. Congress proceeded to consider the report of the committee appointed to confer with the Commander in Chief; and thereupon came to the following arrangement of the Department of Ordnance: 556 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF XT. S. ARMY. Resolved, That the commanding officer of artillery of the United States, for the time being, shall, under the general orders, and with the concurrence of the Commander in Chief, arrange and direct all business of the Ordnance Department necessary to be done in the field. The ordnance, arms, and military stores in the fixed magazines to be drawn out only by the orders of the Board of War and Ordnance; unless, in the course of the service, circumstances should occur in which the procuring such orders from the board would, in the opin- ion of the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery, occasion improper delays; and in such cases the commanding officer of artillery shall have the power to draw from the nearest magazines the supplies wanted for the Army; and the different commissaries and directors of the magazines and laboratories shall in such cases imme- diately obey the orders of the commanding officer of artillery, inform- ing the Board of War and Ordnance of the same. And that the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery may know in such cases where to send for necessary supplies, the Board of War and Ordnance shall cause monthly returns of all ordnance, arms, and military stores at the magazines and arsenals of the United States to be made to the Commander in Chief, who will communicate to the com- manding officer of artillery the whole or any part of them, as he shall judge the good of the service requires. And as it may frequently happen that parts of the Army may be detached to such distances as to render their obtaining supplies, in the circumstances above men- tioned, by the immediate orders of the Commander in Chief and com- manding officer of artillery inconvenient, in such cases the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery shall give to the com- manding officer of the detachment, and of the artillery annexed to it, proper directions for furnishing the detachment with the necessary supplies of ordnance, arms, and military stores; and the orders of the said commanding officers of the detachment, and of the artillery annexed to it, given pursuant to the said directions, shall be obeyed by the commissaries and directors at the magazines and laboratories, as if given immediately by the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery of the United States. Each commanding officer of artillery making these extraordinary draughts shall immediately give information thereof, and of the occasion of them, to the Board of War and Ordnance. 2. That there shall be a field commissary of military stores, to be appointed by the Board of War and Ordnance, who shall receive and issue all ordnance, arms, and military stores in the field pursuant to orders of the Commander in Chief and commanding officer of artillery; all orders for this purpose from the Commander in Chief to be directed to the commanding officer of artillery. The field commissary shall have so many deputies, conductors, and clerks, to be likewise appointed by the Board of War and Ordnance, as, in the opinion of the board, the Commander in Chief, and commanding officer of artillery, the service shall from time to time require. 3. The commanding officer of artillery, with the concurrence of the Commander in Chief, shall from time to time lay before the Board of War and Ordnance proper estimates (which are by the board to be transmitted to Congress) of all ordnance, arms, and military stores necessary to be made and provided for the use of the Arnry of the United States, that the necessary orders may be given concerning them. 4. That whenever the said commanding officer of artillery shall judge THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 557 any particular directions necessary for, or alterations and improve- ments to be made in, the construction or preparation of ordnance, arms, and military stores of any kind, he shall communicate the same to the Board of War and Ordnance for their consideration, who shall thereupon give such orders for the artificers and laboratory men as they shall judge the good of the service requires. 5. That the field commissary of military stores, his deputies, con- ductors, and clerks, shall be independent of the Commissary-General of military sto/es; and the said field commissary shall make monthly returns of all ordnance, arms, and military stores received, issued, and remaining on hand to the Board of War and Ordnance, the Commander in Chief, and the commanding officer of artillery. His deputies and conductors also having the chief care of the military stores, with any detached parts of the Army, shall make the like returns to the Board of War and Ordnance, the respective officers commanding those detach- ments, their commanding officers of artillery, and the field commissary; and the latter shall draw the whole into one general return monthly, one copy whereof he shall transmit to the Board of War and Ordnance, one to the Commander in Chief, one to the commanding officer of artil- lery, and a fourth to the Commissary-General of militaiy stores. 6. That all moneys necessary for the department of the field com- missary of military stores shall be drawn out of the military chests by warrants from the Commander in Chief and officers commanding detached parts of the Army, respectively; and the accounts of expendi- tures adjusted and settled by the auditors of accounts, once in every three months, and finally transmitted to the Treasury Board. 7. That when it shall be thought necessary, the commanding officer of artillery shall send officers of artillery to visit the laboratories, and founderies and manufactories, to the intent that they may thereby gain an insight into the mechanical branches of their profession. And such number of artillery officers as, in the opinion of the commanding officer of artillery, with the concurrence of the Commander in Chief, can be spared from their duty in the field shall, at every convenient season, be stationed at all or any of the principal laboratories, to be instructed in the laboratory art, that a knowledge thereof may be disseminated through the corps. 8. That the deputy field commissaries and conductors shall apply for and receive all ordnance, arms, and stores issued from the field arsenals and magazines. And to prevent any that are insufficient being carried into the field, the said commissaries and conductors shall receive none apparently unfit for service. And whenever any articles in the Ordnance Department in the field shall be so damaged that they can not be there repaired, and are, by order of the commanding officer of artillery, with the Army, or with any detachment of it, sent to the Commissary -General of military stores, or any of his deputies, he and they shall receive the same, at such place as snail be most convenient, and either immediately cause them to be repaired or replace them with others fit for service, as shall be most conducive to the public interest. 9. That the appointments of the said field commissary and his subordinate officer be as follows, viz: Pay per month. Subsist, per month. Rations per day. Of the field commissary 75 dollars. 40 dollars. 1 Deputy field commissary 60 30 1 ('.inductor 40 10 1 Clerk 40 10 1 558 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. 10. That there shall be one surveyor of ordnance, to be appointed annually from the colonels, the appointment to be made by the Board of War and Ordnance, until Congress shall direct otherwise. The officer thus appointed shall retain his rank in the artillery and all the benefits arising from it; but during the time of his surveyorship he shall not, except in extraordinary cases, or when called for by the Commander in Chief, perform any duty in the line. His duty as sur- veyor shall be to examine into the construction, qualities, and condi- tion of all cannon, carriages, arms, and the materials for and prepa- ration of every species of warlike stores, and to visit all the different arsenals, founderies, laboratories, and workshops belonging to the Ordnance Department of the United States, carefully noting every error and defect he shall discover; which, together with a general state of the department, he shall report immediately to the Board of War and Ordnance, as well as the commanding officer of the artillery, with his ideas of any alterations and improvements proper to be made thereon. He shall also examine all ordnance and military stores in the field, and report the state of them to the commanding officer of artillery and the Board of War and Ordnance; and for the purposes aforesaid the commissaries of military stores, as well in the field as elsewhere, shall make returns to the said surve} T or, and shall expose to his view all the ordnance, arms, and stores, and all materials for the Ordnance Department in their custody. And the surveyor shall examine the said stores to ascertain whether the quality, quantity, and numbers agree with the return, and make report to the board only. He shall likewise examine into the number of workmen emplo} 7 ed in each branch of the Ordnance Department, and the principal in each branch shall make monthly returns of all work done within the month, one to the said surveyor of ordnance and one to the Commissary- General of Military Stores; and each of the latter shall transmit copies thereof monthly to the Board of War and Ordnance. 11. For executing the duties before mentioned and any others relat- ing to the Ordnance Department which the good of the service may from time to time require, the Board of War and Ordnance shall give to the said surveyor such instructions as they shall think proper. 12. For defraying the expenses of the said surveyor in the exercise of his office he shall be allowed 70 dollars per month, besides his appointments as a field officer of artillery. 13. That the commanding officer of artillery of the United States, for the performance of his duties therein before prescribed, shall be allowed 75 dollars per month; and the commanding officer of artillery with any detached part of the Army shall have a like allowance, in proportion to his pa}' in the line. March 16, 1779. Resolved, That all warrant officers in the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. April 13, 1779. Resolved, That the State of Virginia be requested to lend to the United States 1,000 stand of arms for the purpose of arming the forces destined for the defense of South Carolina and Georgia; ... THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 559 April 37, 1779. "For the future all issues of arms and military stores in camp will be made by the immediate order of Brigadier-General Knox, to whom all returns for thai purpose are to be made. He will cause the Commissary of Military Stores to keep exact accounts with the regiments for what he delivers. ' ' ( Orders, General Head- quortert, Middlr- Brook.) M" noncommissioned officers and privates. S. Doc. 229 86 562 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the several States furnish the following quotas, viz, . . . Pennsylvania ... 1 regiment of artificers; . . . October 15, 1780. The issuing commissaries are to deliver all their sheep and calve skins to the field commissary of military stores with the park of artillery, who will have them properly dressed for drumheads. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa. ) November 25, 1780. Resolved, That all the artificers in the department of military stores in Pennsylvania be removed to Carlisle; and that in future only an issuing store and elaboratory for fixed ammunition be kept in Phila- delphia. That General Washington detach a field officer of artillery to take the command and superintend the business at Carlisle, and under the orders of the Board of War. January 8, 1781. Congress accepted the resignation of Lieut. Henry Stroop, of Colonel Flower's regiment of artificers. January 12, 1781. Resolved, That from and after the 1st day of August last the pay and appointments of the officers in the Department of the commissary - general of military stores be as follows, the sums hereafter mentioned to be paid in bills of the new emission, and all moneys received in bills of the old emissions since the said 1st day of August be accounted for agreeable to the table of depreciation, as fixed by the Board of Treas- ury; Commissary -General of Military Stores, 100 dollars per month, 3 rations per day; deputy commissary -general, 80 dollars per month, 2 rations per day; commissaries, 70 dollars per month, 2 rations per day; deputy commissaries, 55 dollars per month, 2 rations per day; conductors, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day; clerks, 40 dollars per month, 1 ration per day. No rations in addition to the number above mentioned are to be allowed for servants; That the officers and men of the regiment of artillery artificers have the same pay from and after the said first day of August in bills of the new emission as was originally fixed in bills of the then emission, by the regulations of the department made by Congress on the 11th day of February, 1778, and that they draw the number of rations then directed. That the appointments of the field commissary of military stores and his subordinate officers be as follows, from and after the 1st day of August last, the pay to be received in bills of the new emission: Field commissaiy, 90 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, servants included; deputy field commissary, 70 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, servants included; conductor, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day, servants included; clerks, 40 dollars per month, 1 ration per day, servants included. That the commanding officer of artillery, for his extra services in the affairs of the Ordnance Department, receive 40 dollars per month, in addition to his pay as an officer in the line, in bills of the new emis- sion, from and after the 1st day of August last. That the surveyor of ordnance, for defraying his expenses in the exercise of his office, be allowed, from and after the 1st day of August last, 40 dollars per month, in bills of the new emission, besides his appointment as a field officer of artillery. THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 563 January 31, 1781. Resolved, That the commissary -general of military stores, or first officer in that department, be, and hereby is, allowed, from and after the first day of August last, 115 dollars a month, in bills emitted pur- suant to the act of the 18th of March last; and that the deputy com- missary, or second officer in that department, be, and hereby is, allowed, from the said first da}^ of August, the sum of 90 dollars per month, in the bills aforesaid, in lieu of the sums allowed them, respec- tively, by the resolution of the 12th instant. February 20, 1781. Resolved, That the Board of War be, and hereby are, directed to fur- nish the Southern army with . . . 5,000 muskets, with bayonet and cartouch boxes; ... 10 tons of musket powder, 5 tons of cannon powder, and 20 tons of lead. That the Board of War furnish the artillery and cavalry with the lecessary ammunition and equipments not comprised in the foregoing resolutions; and that they employ a sufficient number of artificers to repair the arms in the magazines of Virginia and other places. February 26, 1781. Congress recommended to the State of Massachusetts to make up to Colonel Gridley the depreciation of his pay as engineer at $60 per month from the time of his appointment to the 1st day of January, 1781. [Colonel Gridley was colonel of the Massachusetts artillery regiment May, 1775; wounded at Bunker Hill June 17, 1775; colonel and chief of the Continental Artillery September 20 to Novem- ber 17, 1775; colonel and Chief Engineer June, 1775, to August 5, 1776; was retained in service as colonel and engineer to January 1, 1781, when he was retired. He died June 21, 1786.] March 5, 1781. Congress accepted resignation of Nathaniel Barber, commissary of military stores at Boston. March 7, 1781. A letter of the 6th from the Board of War inclosed a letter of May 20, 1780, from Messrs. Penet & Co., from which it appeared that their contract for manufacturing arms is entirely at an end from a failure on their part. March 29, 1781. Resolved, That the regiment of artificers, commanded by Colonel Baldwin, be dissolved; and those of the noncommissioned officers and privates whose times of service are unexpired, and are now with the main army, be formed into one company, under such officers and be employed in such way as the Commander in Chief shall direct. That the artificers with the Southern army be also formed into one company, under a competent number of officers to be selected by the commanding general or that army. That all officers of the regiment of artificers not retained by virtue of these resolutions be no longer considered in the service of the United States. Iu solved, That all the noncommissioned officers and men of the regiment of artillery artificers at Carlisle, whose times of service are unexpired, be formed into one or more company or companies, and the officers at that place, except Captains Wiley and Jordan, be no longer considered in the service of the United States. April 21, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized to remove from office or employment, i'<>r incapacity, neg- ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persona not immedi- 564 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled as are or may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expenditure of the public supplies, stores, or other property; . . . and such of the said persons as are or may be, in his judgment, unnecessary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office, to whom it may belong to supply the vacancy, the respective names of the persons so removed. That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment, for similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid, immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension. Provided, That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial; and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingly. That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from the date thereof unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to con- tinue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed. That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Army, or those who ma} 7 be duly entrusted with money for secret sen ice by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or commanding officer of a separate department. That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. * * * Ordered, . . . That the said E. Cornell [one of the commission- ers of the Board of War] be, and he is hereby, directed to visit the mil- itary stores and laboratory to the eastward, in the department of the commissary of military stores, and to take measures for removing arms, ammunition, and stores from thence to the main arnry, or to the southward; and to correct abuses in the said department, agreebly to instructions he may receive from the Board of War for these purposes. May 2, 1781. Place of Commissary-General of Military Stores vacated by death of Colonel Flower. June 18, 1781. Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief and the command- ing general in a separate department, respectively, be, and hereby are, authorized to direct what clothing shall, from time to time, be dealt out to the artificers . . . , having regard to the nature of their service and the terms of their contract, and time for which they are engaged. July 10, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall, from time to time, appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all necessary supplies for the use of the Army or armies of the United States, . . . and also the transportation thereof; . . . THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 565 July 12, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of mili- tary stores; and. the ballots being taken, Samuel Hodgdon was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Howley. July 30, 1781. Resolved, That the Board of War be, and they are hereby, empow- ered to continue such of the officers in the laboratory and artificers at Springfield as the good of the service may require, and to remove all and every other officer in the laboratory or corps of artificers at that place, and proceed to make such further reforms in the department of the commissary of military stores at other posts as they judge may conduce to the public interest. August 23, 1781. Iu solved, That the Board of War and Ordnance be, and hereby are, authorized and directed to take measures for vacating the contract made by order of Congress the 19th da}^ of September, 1777, x with James Byers, cannon founder. September 4-, 1781. Resolved, That all the . . . artillery, arms, and military stores shipped in pursuance of the orders of the Honorable John Laurence, special minister to the Court of Versailles, for the use of the United States, be upon its arrival delivered to the order of the Board of War, who are hereby empowered and directed to take charge and direction of the same. September 25, 1781. "The several issuing commissaries will be particularly careful in preserving all the sheepskins for the use of the artillery. They will be delivered, on application, to Mr. Thomas Jones, deputy field commissary of military stores." ( <)rders, General Headquarters, Williamsburg. ) January 10, 1782. Resolved, . . . The Inspector-General, or inspector-general of a separate army, shall be authorized to call on the . . . field com- missary of military stores, or their deputies, for returns of the articles which have been issued from and returned to their several departments by each corps. . . . April 10, 1782. 1!> solved, . . . That the Commander in Chief be furnished with returns of ordnance and ordnance stores when he shall request them from the War Office. K * * That the Secretary at War direct the building and management of laboratories, arsenals, foundries, magazines, . . . the necessity of which he i> from time to time to report, and the same is to be approved of by Congress. 'Congress was not in session September 19, 1777, but February 11, 1778, the Hoard of War was authorized to make a contract with Mr. Byero. December 20, 1783, he off i'ivd to relinquish his contract, which he (styled director of the foundry for cast- ing I >raas ordnance) formally relinquished April 18, 1786. 566 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April 22, 1782. Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow- ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled to from the Quartermaster's Department . . . be, and they are hereb}^ repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: * * * Field commissary 1 ration per day; 6f dollars per month. Do. , Southern army 1 do ; 6 f # do. April 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, be} r ond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced; . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence belonging to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respec- tive services in the staff without any other allowance whatsoever; . . . May 7, 1782. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and hereby is, authorized to appoint an inspector for the main and Southern army, to take care that the contracts for supplying rations be duly executed by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of public property in the several departments of the Army, and report any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges exhibited against him by either of the said inspectors; and that neither the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their property, be lia- ble to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the Commander in Chief, or commander of the army to which the inspectors respectively shall be appointed, any resolution or act of Congress heretofore made notwithstanding. That the pay to each inspector be 166f dollars per month in full of all allowances. That each inspector, when appointed, shall take an oath for the faithful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspec- tor of the contracts of the Army. May 30, 1782. The Superintendent of Finance and the Secretary at War were directed to inquire into a contract made with Mr. Jacob Rubsamen for the purpose of instructing the people of Virginia in the mode of making saltpeter, and whether his further services were necessary. August 26, 1782, Congress agreed that Mr. R.'s services as instructor were no longer needed. July 4, 1782. "To prevent the accidental communication of fire to the powder mag- azines, which would endanger the lives of many persons and total demolition of the fortifications, besides the inconvenience that must arise from the loss of the powder, the Commander in Chief directs that the quartermaster or commissary of military THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 567 stores may, as soon as possible, have grates fixed to the air holes of the magazines, and that lanthorns made of transparent horn or glass be immediately provided instead of those made of pierced tin, which are at present verv imprudently used. Until the horn or glass lanthorns are provided the greatest care is to be taken not to open the door of the lanthorns in the magazines, and at all times to have water in the bottom to extinguish sparks. It is, moreover, positively ordered that no person whatever be permitted to enter a powder magazine without first pulling off his shoes. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) July 24, 1782. Resolved, That the act of Congress of the 11th day of February, 1778, and all subsequent resolutions, so far as they respect the depart- ment of the commissary -general of military stores, be, and they are hereby, repealed. Resolved, That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, empow- ered to appoint, from time to time, a commissary of military stores, who shall be subject to his orders and instructions, and shall receive a salary of 1,000 dollars per annum. That the Secretary at War be further empowered to appoint, from time to tini3, so many officers, to be taken from the officers of the Arm}', if agreeable to them, as he may find necessary to superintend the business in that department. September 3, 1782. Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the pay and emoluments of the field commissary of military stores, his deputies, conductors, and clerks, be, and they are hereby, repealed. Bi solved, That the pay and emoluments of the field commissary of military stores shall be 50 dollars per month, two rations per day, for- age for two saddle horses, and one bathorse. He shall also be allowed G'i dollars per month for a servant, for whom he shall be entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed to a private soldier. That the pay and emoluments of a deputy fielct commissary of mili- tary stores for the southern army shall be 40 dollars per month, two rations per daj T , forage for two saddle horses, and one bathorse. He shall also be allowed Of dollars per month for a servant, for whom he shall be entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed to a private soldier. Rrxol r,-d, That the pay and emoluments of the deputy field commis- sary of military stores at West Point shall be 40 dollars per month and two rations per day. That the pay and emoluments of the conductors or clerks shall be 30 dollars per month and one ration per day. Re%oJ/oed, That there shall be one field commissary of military stores and two conductors or clerks for the main army in the field; one deputy field commissary of military stores and two conductors or clerks for West Point; one deputy field commissary of military stores and two conductors or clerks for the southern army; and one conductor for the post at Fort Pitt, who shall be appointed by the commanding officer of the artillery, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief; excepting for the southern army, in which department the appointment shall be made by the commanding officer of artillery there, with the approbation of the commanding officer of the department. 568 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF (JKNERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. September 17, 17S2. " Major-General Knox having appointed Richard Frothing- ham, field corns' y of military stores for the main army; Asa Copeland, conductor; John Hoff, clerk; John Ruddock, deputy corns' y at West Point; John Banks, con- ductor; William Herriott, clerk; Mathew Parvin, conductor at Fort Pitt, the Com- mander in Chief is pleased to approve the above appointments." (Orders, General Headquarters, Yerplank's Point. ) September 23, 1782. "The brigade conductors of military stores having been deranged by the late orders of Congress, the stores, wagons, forges, tools, etc., in their possession are to be delivered to the brigade quartermasters, who are. in future to be responsible for this duty. A sergeant from each brigade must be appointed to have the special charge of the forges and stores, and to act under the orders of the brigade quartermasters. When any arms, ammunition, or accoutrements are w r anting, regimental returns in the manner prescribed in the regulations are to be made to the brigade quartermasters, who will form them into a brigade, return and obtain the signa- ture of the commanding officer of brigade and the Inspector-General or inspector." (Orders, General Headquarters, Verplank's Point.) - October 22, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, : * * * Field commissaiy of military stores and his deputy with the main and southern army, each one bathorse. * * * That there shall be allowed for saddle horses: * * * Field commissaiy of military stores 2 rations. Deputy with a separate army 2 do. * % * April 17, 1783. Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of . . . all such articles in the several military departments as may not be necessary for the use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of magazines on a peace establishment. November 4, 1783. Resolved, That Samuel Hodgdon, commissary of military stores, under the appointment of the Secretary at War, be continued in that office until the further order of Congress, and that he be empowered to continue such assistants as may be necessary to take care of the military stores. Note. July 24, 1782, the Secretary at War was authorized to appoint a commis- sary of military stores. January 22, 1784. Ordered, That the commissary of military stores be directed not to dispose of any such stores without the express order of Congress. January 29, 1784. Resolved, That regular returns of military stores . . . be made to the war office. THE OEDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 569 Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of . ' . . commissary of military stores . . . be, and they are hereby, ordered to transmit, as soon as may be, to the war office, to be laid before Congress, exact returns of all the stores in their respective departments, specifying the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured. January 30, 1784-. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance propose to Mr. James Byers, in behalf of the United States, a mutual relinquishment of right and title to services and salary, and in case Mr. Byers shall not assent to the proposition, that the commissary of military stores give him such directions as he is obliged to conform to by his contract. May 3, 1781 Resolved, That the commissary of military stores, or person having the care of the public stores at Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, be, and he is hereby, directed to deliver to the order of the corporation of the city of New York the bells which have been taken from the churches and other public edifices in the said city, if any such bells remain in his possession. December 7, 178. Resolved, That the Secretary in the war office be directed to stop the sale of such . . . military stores as were directed to be sold under a letter from the said Secretary of 23d May, 1784, until the further order of Congress. September 6, 1785. Ordered, That the Secretary at War, as soon as may be, cause to be made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all cannon, with their sizes and appendages; small arms with their accoutrements; swords, pistols, . . . ammunition . . . and public stores. . . the custody of which is charged on the Department of War; distinguishing the quantity or number, quality and kind of each, and the several places of their deposits; and that he transmit a like return on the first Monday in January and the first Monday in July, annually. October 2, 1788. The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton, Mr. Oilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave t<> report and to present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various branches of the Department of War. * * * 9th. Of the Ordnance Department. This branch of the Department of War is important and interesting to the Union. The ordnance, arms, ammunition, and all the numerous appendages and complex apparatus belonging thereto, in possession of the United States, are highly valuable and require an incessant attention to their preservation. 570 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. The places where they are deposited are as follows: Providence, in Rhode Island. Philadelphia. Springfield, in Massachusetts. New London and Manchester, Vir- Mohawk River. . ginia. West Point, on Hudson's River. Charleston, South Carolina. Besides which there are considerable quantities of shot and shells at the furnaces at which they were cast. The proportions at the respec- tive places are specified in the returns on the files of Congress. The principal arsenals are at Springfield, West Point, and Phila- delphia. The other places can be considered as only temporary accommoda- tions for the stores, which are to be removed as soon as permanent arsenals and magazines shall be decided on and provided by the United States. By the information of the Secretary at War it appears that the stores are well accommodated at Springfield, in wooden buildings, except the magazine, which is an excellent one, built of brick at the public expense in 1782. That the powder and stores are well accommodated at West Point, although the buildings, being built of wood, and the materials unsea- soned, are going fast to decay. That the stores in Philadelphia are too much dispersed in different parts of the city, and placed in buildings illy calculated for their reception. The establishment of proper and permanent arsenals and magazines is an object of high importance and demands the serious attention of the Government of the United States. But as the expense of erecting suitable buildings for this purpose will be great, it will perhaps be thought advisable to defer it for the present. The arms at Springfield are new and in excellent order, the Secre- tary at War having had the whole taken to pieces, cleaned, and placed in racks prepared for the purpose. About 5,000 arms have been repaired at West Point and are fit for immediate service. About 10,000 of the others are supposed to be worth repairing, and this necessary work is going on at that post on a small scale. To employ the number of workmen requisite to effect the business in one year would be too expensive for the public finances. These arms would probably, on an average, cost about one dollar and a half each to put them in complete order. Between 4,000 and 5,000 arms are in Virginia, the most of which require repairs. The new arms in Philadelphia are in such a state of repair as to need cleaning only. The Secretary at War has been constrained to defer this operation until a suitable building could be obtained or an arsenal erected in which so to deposit them that they can be kept easily in order. The powder at Springfield and West Point, which places include the greatest quantities in possession of the public, is in excellent order. Great attention has been annually paid to this article in having it aired, cleaned, proved, well packed, and also turned frequently. The brass cannon and mortars are and will remain fit for immediate service, but it is to be remarked generally that no new carriages for the cannon or beds for the mortars nave been made since the peace. At Springfield there are a number of new cannon carriages which have THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 571 never been in service, and also at West Point there are a number fit for service, but in general the carriages which were left at the close of the war are too defective for use. This object will require attention when the finances of the Union will admit of replacing the carriages, without which the cannon are of little service. The ordnance and military stores at the several arsenals under the charge of storekeepers or deputy commissaries of military stores at the following rates of pay: Springfield One deputy commissary, at 40 dollars per month $480 One assistant, 15 dollars per month 180 Providence One storekeeper, 8 ditto 96 West Point One deputy commissary, at 40 dollars per month 480 Fort Herkemer and the Mohawk River One storekeeper, at 14 32/90 172 Philadelphia One commissary of military stores, at 41 64/90 per mo 500 One assistant, 30 dollars per month 360 New London and Manchester One deputy commissary 480 2,748 There are also deputy commissaries having the charge of the public propert}^ in South Carolina and at Carlisle, but they will soon be discharged. Rents of buildings and West Point. For the buildings occupied in Philadelphia 752 60/90 ditto in Virginia 350 ditto for the post of West Point 400 1,502 60/90 On the establishment of permanent arsenals, and the stores being collected together, the expenses arising at an}^ other places will cease. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279). AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments. * * * Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with . . . military stores, . . . and all other supplies or iirlicles for the use of the Department of War, be made by or under the direction of the Treasury Department. * * * Act of March 20, 1794 {1 Stats., 3Jfi). AN ACT to provide for t he defence of certain posts and harlwrs in the United States. Sec. 2. That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to . . . cause to be provided one hundred cannon, of a caliber each to carry a ball of thirty -two pounds weight, and one hundred other cannon of a caliber each to carry a ball of twenty-four pounds 572 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. weight, together with the carriages and implements necessary for the same, and carriages with the necessary implements for one hundred and fifty other cannon, with two hundred and fifty tons of cannon shot. 1 Act of April 0, 179 J,. (1 Stats., 352). AN ACT to provide for the erecting and repairing of arsenals and magazines, and for other purposes. Sec. 1. That for the safe-keeping of the military stores there shall be established, under the direction of the President of the United States, three or four arsenals, with magazines, as he shall judge most expedient, in such places as will best accommodate the different parts of the United States. Either or both of the arsenals heretofore used at Springfield and Carlisle to be continued as part of the said number, at his discretion: Provided, That none of the said arsenals be erected until purchases of the land necessary for their accommodation be made, with the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same is intended to be erected. Sec. 2. That there shall be established at each of the aforesaid arse- nals a national armory, in which shall be employed one superintendent and one master armorer (who shall be appointed by the President of the United States), and as many workmen as the Secretary for the Department of War shall from time to time deem necessaiy, so that the whole number at all the armories shall not exceed one hundred; and the said superintendents shall each receive as a compensation sevent}^ dollars per month, and the said master armorers each fifty dollars per month.. Sec. 3. That there shall be employed an officer whose duty it shall be (under the direction of the Department of War) to superintend the receiving, safe- keeping, and distribution of the military stores of the United States, and to call to account all persons to whom the same may be intrusted. He shall receive for his compensation at the rate of one hundred and twenty -five dollars per month, and shall be appointed by the President of the United States. Sec. 4. That a sum not exceeding fifty-nine thousand dollars be appropriated for the erecting and repairing of the arsenals and mag- azines aforesaid; and a sum not exceeding twenty -two thousand eight hundred and sixty-five dollars for defraying the expense of the national armories for one year; and the further sum of three hundred and forty thousand dollars to be applied, under the direction of the President of the United States, in the purchase of arms, ammunition, and military stores, which said several sums shall be paid out of the duties on imports and tonnage to the end of the present 3 r ear. Sec. 5. That an annual account of the expenses of the national armo- ries be laid before the Legislature of the United States, together with an account of the arms made and repaired therein. 1 The above armament was intended, as provided in section 1, for the fortifications at Portland, Me. ; Portsmouth, N. H. ; Gloucester, Salem, Marblehead, and, Boston, Mass.; Newport, R. I.; New London, Conn.; New York, N. Y.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Wilmir> "ton, Del.; Baltimore, Md.; Norfolk and Alexandria, Va.; Cape Fear River and Oc ^o<:k Inlet, North Carolina; Charleston and Georgetown, S. C. ; and Savannah and Saint Mary's, Ga. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 573 Act of May 9, 179 % (1 Stats., 367). AN ACT supplementary to "An act to provide for the defence of certain posts and harbors in the United States." That the post and harbor of the city of Annapolis be fortified, . . . and that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to . . . provide cannon and equipments, . . . Act of May 22, 17 W {1 Stats., 369). 1 AN ACT prohibiting for a limited time the exportation of arms and ammunition, and encouraging the importation of the same. Sec. 1. That it shall not be lawful to export from the United States any cannon, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords, cutlasses, musket balls, lead, bombs, grenades, gunpowder, sulphur, or saltpetre, but the expor- tation of all the aforesaid articles are hereby prohibited for and during the term of one year. * * * Sec. 5. That all brass cannon, muskets and firelocks with bayonets suited to the same, pistols, swords, cutlasses, musket ball, lead, and gunpowder which shall be imported into the United States from any foreign country within the term of one year, and all sulphur and salt- petre which shall be so imported within the term of two years from and after the passing of this act, shall be free of duty, anything in any former law to the contrary notwithstanding. Act of February 23, 1795 (1 Stats., 4.19). AN ACT to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies 2 Sec. 1. That there shall be in the Department of the Treasury an officer to be denominated "purveyor of public supplies," whose duty it shall be, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury, to conduct the procuring and providing of all arms, military . . . stores, . . . and generally all articles of supply requisite for the service of the Uhited States. . . . * * * March S, 1795 (1-444). For public purposes only, the President was authorized to permit the exportation of arms, cannon, and military stores. Act of May 4, 1798 (1 Stats., 555). AN ACT to enable the President of the United States to procure cannons, arms, and ammunition, and for other purposes. Sec. 1. That a sum not exceeding eight hundred thousand dollars shall be, and hereby is, appropriated, and shall and may be paid out of any monies not before appropriated, under the direction of the Presi- dent of the United States, to purchase, as soon as may be, a sufficient 'Sections 1 ami 5 of this act reenacted June 1 I, 1 7* T , the former extending pro- hibition to .Inly n, I7 ( .s, by ad of \pril 7, 1798. Section I as amended farmer extended prohibition until May 1 1, 1800, except the ex port a tion of sulphur and salt- peter, which Is prohibited Until March 8, 1801. 'The otlice was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812. 574 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. number of cannon, also a supply of small arms and of ammunition and military stores, to be deposited and used as will be most conducive to the public safety and defence, at the discretion of the President of the United States. Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized, in case he shall find it impracticable to procure by pur- chase with certainty^ and dispatch proportionate to the necessities of the public service the cannon and arms hereby required, and any con- siderable part thereof shall be likely to be deficient, to take by lease, for a term of years, or by sale in fee to the United States, one or more suitable 'place or places where cannon or small arms may be advantageously cast and manufactured, and shall and may there estab- lish founderies and armouries for the manufacture of the same, respec- tively, and shall cause suitable artisans and laborers to be there employed for account of the United States; and shall and may appoint one or more persons to superintend the said works, under the direction of the Department of War. And an account of the expenditures which shall be incurred in forming and employing these establishments, and of the cannon and arms which shall be cast and manufactured therein, respectively, shall be laid before the Congress of the United States, at their next session, and annually thereafter, so long as the same shall be continued. Sec. 3. That the sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall be, and hereby is, appropriated, and shall be paid out of any monies not before appropriated, for the hire, purchase, and employ of the said founderies and armouries, respectively, in case such establishments shall be found necessary, as hereinbefore provided. Act of May 8, 1798 (1 Stats., 558). AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army. * . * * Sec. 13. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause to be purchased and procured a quantity of caps, swords or sabres, and pistols with holsters, not exceeding what may be sufficient for four thousand cavalry, and to be deposited in the parts of the United States where he shall deem it most conven- ient for the supply of any corps of cavalry which shall be called into the actual service of the United States. . . . Act of July 6, 1798 (1 Stats., 576). AN ACT providing arms for the militia throughout the United States. Sec. 1. That there shall be provided, at the charge and expense of the Government of the United States, thirty thousand stand of arms, which shall be deposited, by order of the President of the United States, at suitable places, for the purpose of being sold to the govern- ments of the respective States, or the militia thereof, under such regu- lations and at such prices as the President of the United States shall prescribe. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 575 Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 610). A X ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services f or the military . . . service of the United States shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War . . . ., and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore- said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper department for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury in manner before prescribed. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the purveyor of public supplies to execute all such orders as he may from time to time receive from the Secretaiy of War . . . relative to the procuring- and provid- ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury as aforesaid. Sec. 5. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, entitled '"An act making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, entitled "An act to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act, or of any law of the United States, and requiring the advance of mone}^, or to be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States within ninety days after their date*, respectively. Act of May 7, 1800 (2 Stats., 61). AN ACT for the regulation of public arsenals and magazines. Sec. 1. That the several officers who now are, or hereafter may be, employed in the armories of the United States shall be entitled to and shall receive the following compensations, in addition to their pay as established by law, to wit: A superintendent of such armory, three rations per day or an equivalent in money; and a master armorer, two rations per day or an equivalent in money. * * * Si:< . 3. That if any artificer or workman hired, retained, or employed in any public arsenal or armory shall, wantonly and carelessly, break, i in I aii-, or destroy any implements, tools, or utensils, or any stock, or materials for making guns, the property of the United States; or shall wilfully and obstinately refuse to perform the services lawfully assigned to him pursuant to his contract, every such person shall forfeit a sum not exceeding twenty dollars for every such act of disobedience or breach of contract, to be recovered in any court having competent jurisdiction thereof. Sec. 4. That all artificers and workmen who are or shall be emplo3 7 ed 576 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. in the said armories shall be, and they are hereby, exempted during their term of service from all military service and service as jurors in any court. Act of March 3, 1803 (2 Stats., 21^1). AN ACT directing a detachment from the militia of the United States, and for erecting certain arsenals. * * Sec. o. 1 That twenty -five thousand dollars be appropriated for erecting, at such place or places on the Western waters as the President may judge most proper, one or more arsenals; and that the President cause the same to be furnished with such arms, ammunition, and mili- tary stores as he may deem necessary. Act of April 3, 1808 (2 Stats., 490). AN ACT making provision for arming and equipping the whole body of the militia of the United States. 2 Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to purchase sites for and erect such additional arsenals and manufactories of arms as he may deem expedient, under the limita- tions and restrictions now provided by law: Provided also, That so much of any law as restricts the number of workmen in the armories of the United States to one hundred men be, and the same hereby is, repealed. Act of March 28, 1812 (2 Stats., 696). i AN ACT to establish a Quartermaster's Department, and for other purposes. . Sec. 17. That there shall be four conductors of artillery, who shall be appointed by the President alone, each of whom shall be entitled to the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant of artillery. Act of May U, 1812 (2 Stats., 732). AN ACT for the better regulation of the ordnance. That there be, and hereby is, established an Ordnance Department, to consist of a commissary -general of ordnance, an assistant commis- sary-general, four deputy commissaries, and as many assistant deputy commissaries as the President of the United States may think neces- sary, not exceeding eight. 1 Repealed by section 7 of act of April 18, 1806 (2-383). 2 The organic law (May 8, 1792, 1-271) for establishing a uniformed militia through- out the United States provided that every man enrolled provide himself with suit- able arms; by the act of July 6, 1798 (1-576), 30,000 stands of arms were to be provided at public expense and sold to the State governments. The above act regulated the issues of arms to States and Territories in proportion to the number of the effective militia in each. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 577 Sec. 2. That the Commissary-General be authorized, from time to time, to employ as many wheelwrights, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and lal)orers as the public service may, in his judgment, require. Sec. 3. That the commissary-general of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of infantry, and be fur- ther allowed, at the rate of five hundred dollars per year and four rations per day, for clerks in his department; the assistant commissary - general of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of infantry, with three additional rations per day; the deputy commissaries of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of infantry, with two additional rations per day and forage for one horse; the assistant deputies shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a second lieutenant of infantry, with one additional ration per day. Sec. 4. That a master wheelwright and carriage maker and a master blacksmith be allowed thirty dollars each per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per day; that anyr other wheelwrights, carriage makers, and blacksmith 3 be allowed each sixteen dollars per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per day; that the laborers each be allowed nine dollars per month and one ration per day. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of ordnance to direct the inspection and proving of all pieces of ordnance, cannon balls, shells, and shot procured for the use of the Army of the United States, and to direct the construction of all carriages and every apparatus for ordnance for garrison and field service and all ammu- nition wagons, pontons, and traveling forges; also the direction of laboratories, the inspection and proving the public powder, and the preparing all kinds of ammunition for garrison and field service, and shall, half yearly, examine all ordnance carriages, ammunition, and apparatus in the respective fortresses, magazines, and arsenals and cause the same to be preserved and kept in good order. Sec. 6. That the commissary -general of ordnance shall execute all orders issued by the Secretary for the Department of War in convey- ing all ordnance, ammunition, and apparatus to the respective armies, garrisons, magazines, and arsenals, and in time of war he shall execute all orders of any general officer, commanding in an army or garrison, for the supply of ordnance, ammunition, carriages, pontons, forges, furnaces, or apparatus for garrison, field, or siege service, and for- ward the same without delay and in good condition. Sec. 7. That the commissary-general of ordnance shall, half yearly, transmit to the Department of war a correct return of all ordnance, ammunition, military stores, and effects in the respective garrisons, arsenals, magazines, posts, and camps, with a statement of their order, quality, and condition; and also what may be necessary to keep up an ample supply of each and every article in the Ordnance Department, and shall in all things faithfully and without delay execute the orders of the Secretary for the Department of War touching the same. >i .< . 8. That the superintendents of military stores, keepers of mag azines and arsenals, shall, half yearly, make correct returns to the com missary-genera] of ordnance of all military stores that they respec- tively have in charge; and that the assistant commissary-general of ordnance, the deputy commissaries, and assistant deputies shall faith- fully and without delay execute all orders that shall be issued by the Secretary for the Department of War, the Commanding General, in time of war, of any corps, camp, or garrison, or of the commissary - S. Doc. 229 37 578 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. general of ordnance, in their respective departments, by virtue of this act. Sec. 9. That the commissary -general of ordnance shall make a cor- rect report of the artificers and laborers from time to time employed by him, and transmit the same to the Adjutant-General. * * Act of March 3, 1813 ( Slats., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same. That the third section of the act entitled "An act to provide for the erecting and repairing of arsenals and magazines, and for other pur- poses," passed on the second day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, be, and the same is hereby, repealed from and after the thirty -first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. Sec. 2. [That the superintendent-general of military supplies shall] prescribe the forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered by the commissaiy of ordnance and officers in his department. . . . Sec. 3. That . . . the commissary of ordnance, his assistants and deputies . . . who shall have received, or may be entrusted with an}^ stores or supplies of any description whatever for the use of the Army of the United States, and of the volunteers or militia in their service, shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid, and shall also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such other times as the Secretary for the War Department may prescribe: Provided, however, That the accounts and returns thus rendered shall relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and disposed of or as umy remain on hand, and shall not embrace the spe- cie accounts for monies disbursed by such officers . . ; which specie accounts shall be rendered as heretofore to the accountant for the War Department. Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis- bursements, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly summary statements thereof to the Secretary for the said Department as he may prescribe. . . . * * * Act of March 3, 1813 x (2 Stats., 819). AN ACT" for the better organization of the general staff of- the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 6. That the number of assistant deputy commissaries of ord- nance shall not exceed sixteen, and that they shall, respectively, be entitled to the brevet rank and to the pay and emoluments of a first lieutenant of infantry. * * 1 The superintendent-general of military supplies, authorized to be appointed under this act, Mas not a staff officer but a civilian with a salary of $3,000 per annum, His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every de- scription purchased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe /onus of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc. THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 579 Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . com- missary-general of ordnance . . . which relate to their official duties shall be free from postage. Act of August 2, 1813 (3 Stats., 75). AN ACT supplementary to the act entitled "An act for the better regulation of the ordnance. ' ' That in addition to the present number allowed by law, as many deputy' commissaries of ordnance may be appointed, not exceeding five, as the President of the United States shall deem necessary to the pub- lic service, who shall be entitled to the same rank, pay, emoluments, iat ions, and forage as are now provided by the act to which this is a supplement. Act of March 30, 181 J,, {3 Stats., 113). 1 AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. Sec. 16. That the commissary-general of ordnance may employ in his department, besides blacksmiths and wheelwrights, other mechanics, such as the public service may require, who shall, together with the said blacksmiths and wheelwrights, be mustered under the general denomination of artificers; and such artificers, being hereafter or hav- ing been heretofore enlisted to serve for the term of five years or dur- ing the war, shall be entitled to the same allowance of clothing as is or may be provided for the soldiers of the Army. Sec. 17. That the laborers who may be hereafter enlisted to serve in the Ordnance Department for the term of five years, or during the war, shall be entitled to a bounty of twenty-five dollars in money and the same annual allowance of clothing as is or may be provided for the soldiers of the Army. Act of February 8, 1815 (3 Stats., 203). AN ACT for the better regulation of the Ordnance Department. That from and after the passage of this act, the Ordnance Depart- ment shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, Itii captains, ten first lieutenants, ten second lieutenants, and ten third lieutenants. Sec. 2. That the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Depart- ment is authorized to enlist for the service of that department, for five years, as many master armorers, master carriage makers, master blacksmiths, artificers, armorers, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and laborers as the public service, in his judgment, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, may require. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the colonel of the Ordnance 'Section 8 provides for the aeaignmenl of one of the second lieutenants in each Company for the duty of receiving and accounting for all ammunition, Implements, and cannon furnished the company l>y the Ordnance Department. 580 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Department to direct the inspection and proving of all pieces of ord- nance, cannon balls, shot, shells, small arms, and side arms, and equip- ments procured for the use of the armies of the United States, and to direct the construction of all cannon and carriages and every imple- ment and apparatus for ordnance, and all ammunition wagons, travelling forges, and artificers' wagons, the inspection and proving of powder, and the preparation of all kinds of ammunition and ordnance stores. And it shall also be the duty of the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Department to furnish estimates, and, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, to make contracts and pur- chases, for procuring the necessary supplies of arms, equipments, ordnance, and ordnance stores. Sec. 4. That the colonel of the Ordnance Department shall organize and attach to regiments, corps, or garrisons such number of artificers, with proper tools, carriages, and apparatus, under such regulations and restrictions relative to their government and number as, in his judgment, with the approbation of the Secretary for the Department of War, may be considered necessary. Sec. 5. That the colonel of the "Ordnance Department, or senior officer of that department of any district, shall execute all orders of the Secretary for the Department of War, and, in time of war, the orders of any general or field officer commanding any army, garrison, or detachment, for the supply of all arms, ordnance, ammunition, car- riages, forges, and apparatus for garrison, field, or siege service. Sec. 6. That the keepers of all magazines and arsenals shall, quar- terly, or oftener if so directed, and in such manner as directed by the colonel of the Ordnance Department, make correct returns to the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Department of all ordnance, arms, and ordnance stores they may have in charge. Sec. 7. That the costs of repairs or damages done to arms, equip- ments, or implements in the use of the armies of the United States shall be deducted from the pay of any officer or soldier in whose care or use the said arms, equipments, or implements were when the said damage occurred: Provided, The said damages were occasioned by the abuse or negligence of the said officer or soldier. And it is hereby made the duty of every officer commanding regiments, corps, garri- sons, or detachments to make, once every two months, or oftener if so directed, a written report to the colonel of the Ordnance Depart- ment, stating all damage to arms, equipments, and implements belonging to his command, noting those occasioned by negligence or abuse, and naming the officer or soldier by whose negligence or abuse the said damages were occasioned. Sec. 8. That the colonel of the Ordnance Department shall make half yearly to the War Department, or oftener, if the Secretary for that Department shall so direct, a correct report of the officers and all artificers and laborers in his department; also of all ordnance, arms, military stores, implements, and apparatus of every description, and in such form as the Secretary for the Department of War shall direct. Sec. 9. That to insure system and uniformity in the different public armories they are hereby placed under the direction of the Ordnance Department. And the colonel of the Ordnance Department, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, is hereby authorized to establish depots of arms, ammunition, and ordnance stores in such parts of the United States and in such numbers as may be deemed necessary. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 581 Sec. 10. That the colonel of the Ordnance Department, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, is hereby authorized to draw up a .system of regulations for the government of the Ordnance Department, forms of returns and reports, and for the uniformity of manufactures of all arms, ordnance, ordnance stores, implements, and apparatus, and for the repairing and better preserva- tion of the same. Sec. 11. That the pay, emoluments, and allowances for the officers of the Ordnance Department shall be the same as the pay, emoluments, and allowances now allowed to officers of similar grades, respectively, in the artillery of the United States. And that the pay of a master armorer shall be thirty dollars per month and one and a half rations per day; of a master carriage maker, thirty dollars per month and one and a half rations per day; the pay of armorers, carriage makers, or blacksmiths, each sixteen dollars per month and one and a half rations per day ; the pay of artificers, thirteen dollars per month and one ration per day ; and the pay of laborers, nine dollars per month and one ration per daj T ; and to all of the said workmen, artificers, and laborers the same clothing and other allowances as are allowed to privates of infantry in the Army of the United States, except clothing to the master workmen. Sec. 12. That the President of the United States is hereby author- ized to continue in the service, under this act, all the officers of the Ordnance Department in service on the passage of the same, or to transfer them to other corps of the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 11. That the act passed May the fourteenth, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, entitled "An act for the better regulation of the Ordnance Department." and the sections of any other acts com- ing within the purview of any of the sections of this act be, and the same are herebj^ repealed. May 17, 1815. . . . The acts of Congress establishing the Ordnance Depart- ment, . . . remain in force; . . . {General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office. ) Act of April 29, 1816 (3 Stats., 323). AN ACT to increase the compensation of the superintendents of the manufactories of arms at Springfield and Harper's Ferry. That in addition to the pay and rations as at present fixed of the superintendents of the manufactories of arms at Springfield and Har- per's Ferry they shall receive thirty dollars per month and one ration per day Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). A \ ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 4. That the Ordnance Department shall be merged in the artil- lery; and that the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to select from the regiments of artillery such officers as may be necessary to perform ordnance duties, who, while so detached, - 1 ml 1 receive the pay and emoluments now received by ordnance officers, and shall be subject only to the orders of the War Department; and that the number of enlisted men in the Ordnance Department be reduced to tifty-six. 582 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1823 (3 Stats., 788). AN ACT to establish a national armory on the Western waters. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to employ a skilful engineer or officer of the Ordnance Depart- ment, with such other person or persons as he may judge proper, to examine the most suitable site for a national armory on the Western waters. . . . Act of March 3, 1825 (4 Stats., 127). AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to cause to be sold any ordnance, arms, ammunition, or other military stores . . . which, upon proper inspection or survey, shall appear to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. May 18, 1826 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to be charged against the responsible officer unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. Act of May 20, 1826 (j. Stats., 178). AN ACT concerning the United States arsenal in Georgia. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause to be purchased, in the vicinity of Augusta, a suitable site for an United States arsenal and to be erected thereon such buildings as may be necessary, in lieu of those at this time occupied for such purpose: Provided, Such site can be obtained upon reasonable terms, and with a proper regard to health and to the public conveniences: And pro- vided also, That the consent of the proper authorities of the State of Georgia shall be given thereto and the jurisdiction over the same be ceded to the United States. Act of May 20, 1826 (4 Stats., T?9). AN ACT to authorize the Secretary of the War Department to purchase a site for an arsenal at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, and to provide for the erection of an arsenal on the same. That the Secretary of the War Department be, and he is hereby, authorized to purchase, as soon as it can be effected on reasonable terms, a site for an arsenal at or in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri; and to cause to be erected such an arsenal on the same as may be deemed proper for the safe-keeping of the arms and munitions of the United States on that frontier. . . . March 3, 1827 (4, 241)- Secretary of War was authorized to purchase a site for an arsenal in the town of Augusta, Me, THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 583 Act of May H, 1828 (4 Stats., 304). AN ACT authorizing the establishment of an arsenal on the waters of Mobile or Pensacola bays. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to procure, as soon as it can be effected on reasonable terms, a site for an arsenal on the waters of Mobile or Pensacola bays, and to cause to be erected thereon such an arsenal as may be deemed proper for the safe-keeping of the arms and munitions of war of the United States for the Mexican Gulf frontier. . . . Act of April 5, 1832 (4 Stats., 504). AN ACT providing for the organization of the Ordnance Department. That from and after the passage of this act the Ordnance Depart- ment shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, and ten captains, and as many enlisted men as the public service may require, not exceeding two hundred and fifty. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War be authorized to select from the sergeants of the line of the Army who shall have faithfully served eight years in the service, four years of which in the grade of non- ce anmissioned officer, as many ordnance-sergeants as the service may require, not to exceed- one to each military post, whose duty it shall be to receive and preserve the ordnance, arms, ammunition, and other military stores at the post, under the direction of the command- ing officer of the same, and under such regulations as shall be pre- scribed by the Secretary of War, and who shall receive for their services five dollars per month in addition to their pay in the line. Sec. 3. That the first section of the act passed on the eighth of Feb- ruary, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, entitled "An act for the better regulation of the Ordnance Department," and so much of the second section of the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," passed the second of March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one, as provides for otic supernumerary captain to each regiment of artillery, to per- form ordnance duty, and so much of the fourth section of the same act as merges* the Ordnance Department in the artillery and reduces the number of enlisted men be, and the same are hereby, repealed: /'/f/trided, That nothing contained in this act shall be so construed as to divest the President of the United States of authority to select from the regiments of artillery such number of lieutenants as may be necessary for the performance of the duties of the Ordnance Depart- ment. Sec. 4. That all officers and enlisted men authorized by this act shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, and that the officers shall receive the pay and emoluments now allowed, or which may hereafter be allowed, to artillery officers. Act of June 14, 1836 (5 Stats., 47). AN ACT to establish an arsenal of construction in the State of North Carolina. That the sum of forty-five thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated . . . towards the purchase of a site and the building of tin arsenal of deposit and general construction near the town of Fayetteville, in fho Stale of North Carolina* 584 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 2, 1836 (5 Stats., 77). AN ACT making appropriations for certain fortifications of the United States for the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, and for other purposes. . . . For the purchase of sites, and the construction of arsenals, for the deposit of arms in Arkansas, Missouri, and at Memphis, Ten- nessee, forty-two thousand two hundred and fifty-six dollars: Provided, That the cost of such arsenal shall not exceed fourteen thousand dollars each. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. Sec. 13. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to add to the Ordnance Department, whenever he may deem it expedient to increase the same, by and with the advice of the Senate, two majors; and that he be further authorized to transfer ten first lieu- tenants and ten second lieutenants from the artillery to the Ordnance Department, and that the pay and emoluments of the officers of the said department shall be the same as those allowed to the officers of the regiment of dragoons. Sec. 14. That so much of the fourth section of the act passed fifth of April, eighteen hundred and thirty-two, for the organization of the Ordnance Department as authorized the officers of ordnance to receive the same pay and emoluments now allowed artillery officers shall be construed to include the ten dollars per month additional pay to every officer in the actual command of a company as compensation for the duties and responsibilities with respect to clothing, arms, and accoutrements of the company, under the authority of the second section of the act passed second of March, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven, giving further compensation to the captains and subalterns of the Army of the United States in certain cases: Provided, That the officers of the Ordnance Department claiming the compensation for such duties and responsibilities shall have been actually in the command of enlisted men of the ordnance equal to a company of artillery, and thereby incurred the aforesaid responsibilities. * * * Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business to and from . . . the colonel of ordnance . . . shall be free from postage. * * * Sec. 26. That the compensation hereafter to be allowed to such ordnance storekeepers as shall be designated as paymasters shall not exceed the pay and emoluments of a captain of ordnance. * * * Sec. 32. That the superintendents of the armories at Springfield and Harper's Ferry shall nereafter receive each the sum of fifteen hun- dred dollars and rations, fuel, and quarters as at present authorized; and that the master armorers of the same shall each receive the sum THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 585 u twelve hundred dollars, and fuel, and quarters us at present author- ized; and that the aforesaid sums and allowances to the officers afore- said shall be in full compensation for their services, respectively. Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * * * Fourth, That the number of lieutenants authorized by said act to be added and transferred to the Ordnance Department shall be limited to twelve. * * * Act of August 23, 181$ (5 Stats., 512). AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the offices of the superintendents of the armories at Springfield and at Harper's Ferry shall be, and the same are hereby, abolished, and the duties thereof shall be performed by such officers of the Ordnance Corps as shall be designated by the President; and that from and after the first day of October next the master armorers at the national armories shall receive each twelve hundred dollars annually, payable quarter yearly; and the inspectors and clerks each eight hun- dred dollars per annum; and the paymasters and military storekeepers at the armories and at the arsenals of construction at Pittsburg, Water- vliet, and Washington City shall receive each twelve hundred and fifty dollars annually, pa} r able m like manner, and the said paymasters and military storekeepers shall give security for the faithful discharge of their duties in such sum as the Secretary of War shall prescribe. And the two military storekeepers, authorized by the act of second of March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty -one, shall receive each twelve hundred and fifty dollars per annum. And no military store- keeper at arsenals shall, after the first day of October next, receive as pay or emoluments beyond eight hundred dollars per annum besides quarters actually provided and occupied as such, and the number author- ized to be thus employed is hereby limited to ten; and all other offices of military storekeepers are hereby abolished and discontinued on and after said first day of October, and the officers hereby dismissed shall be allowed three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they may be entitled on that day. And none of the above-named officers, and no officers at the armories, of any grade whatever, shall hereafter receive emoluments of any kind, or any compensation or commutation beyond their stipulated, pay in money, except quarters actually provided for and occupied by such officers. * * Sec. ". That a competent person may be employed by the Ordnance Bureau, under the direction of the Secretary of War. lor such time 580 LEGISLATIVE UISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. as may be necessary, to superintend the manufacture of iron cannon at the several foundries where such cannon ma}^ be made under con- tracts with the United States, whose pay and emoluments shall not exceed those of a major of ordnance during the time he shall be so employed, to be paid out of the appropriations for armament of forti- fications; and for the services rendered in such superintendence since the first day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-one, under the authority of the War Department, the same compensation shall be allowed as herein provided. Act of June 18, 18$ (9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 11. That the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Depart- ment is authorized to enlist, for the service of that department, as many master armorers, master carriage makers, master blacksmiths, artificers, armorers, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and laborers as the public service, in his judgment, under the directions of the Secretary for the Department of War, may require. Act of March 3, 184,7 (9 Stats., 184). AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 16. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby, authorized to add to the Ordnance Department, whenever he shall deem it expedient to increase the same, two captains and six first lieuten- ants, who shall be entitled to receive the same pay and allowances as officers of those grades, respectively, now belonging to that depart- ment, to be disbanded at the close of the war. * # * Sec. 22. That all the officers appointed . . . under this act shall be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico, except the officers of the ordnance authorized by the sixteenth section, . . July 10, 1848 [9-246) . Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men of the Ordnance and other corps of the Army. Resolution of August 10, 1848 (9 Stats., 340). JOINT RESOLUTION concerning certain portions of the Marine and Ordnance Corps. That . . . the artificers and laborers of the Ordnance Corps serving in said war [Mexican war] be placed, in all respects, as to bounty land and other remuneration, in addition to ordinary pay, on a footing with the officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, and musicians of the Army:. Provided, That this remuneration shall be in lieu of prize money and all other extra allowances. * * * March 2, 1849 (9-418). Arms and ammunition from the public stores may be issued to emigrants to the Territories of Oregon, California, or New Mexico. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 587 Act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stats., 370). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty. * * * Sec. 2. That the military storekeeper at Watertown Arsenal, Massa- chusetts, be allowed, from this first aay of October, eighteen hundred and forty-two, the same compensation as is authorized by the act of the twenty-third August, eighteen hundred and forty-two, to be paid to the storekeepers at the Washington, Pittsburg, and Watervliet arsenals; . . . * * * Act of September 28, 1850 (9 Stats., 504). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one. * * * . . . That the principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department shall receive a compensation not less than that of the person employed at the foundaries, under the fifth section of the act approved twenty-third of August, eighteen hundred and forty T two, from and after the date thereof. Sec. 3. That the moneys which may be received by the proper officers of the Army for the sale of . . . military stores and other supplies be, and they are hereby, exempted from the operation of the act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, entitled "An act requiring all moneys received from the customs and all other sources to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction." * * * Sec. 4. That the military storekeeper at Little Rock Arsenal, Arkansas, be allowed, from the first day or October, eighteen hundred stud forty-two, to the twenty-fifth day of October, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, the same compensation as is authorized by the act of the twenty-third of August, eighteen hundred and forty-two, to be paid to the storekeepers at the Washington, Pittsburg, and Watervliet arsenals, . . . * * * March 3, 1851 (9-618). Authorizes erection of two powder magazines on the Jefferson Barracks reservation. Act of March 3, 1853 (10 Stats., 214). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. * * * . . . Provided, That the salary of the military storekeepers of the Ordnance Department in Oregon, California, and New Mexico shall hereafter be $1,250 per annum. * * * . . . Provided, That from and after the first day of July next the, act of Congress approved August twenty-third, eighteen hundred and forty-two, be so modified that the President may, if in his opinion the public interest demands it, place over any of the armories a super- 588 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OK GENERAL STAKE OF U. S. ARMY. intendent who does not belong to the Army; . . . ; and the Sec- retary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to abolish .such of the arsenals of the United States as in his judgment may be useless or unnecessary. Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War be directed to report to Congress whether in his opinion it would not be more economical, proper, and advisable to cause all the arms of the United States to be made by contract. * * * Sec. 9. That whenever any lieutenant of the . . . ordnance corps shall have served fourteen years' continuous service as lieuten- ant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain: Provided, That the whole number of officers in . . . said corps shall not be increased beyond the number now fixed by law: And provided further* That no officer shall be promoted before those who rank him in his corps. Act of August 5, 185k (10 Stats., 576). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. . . . Provided, That so much of all laws heretofore passed which authorized the appointment of military officers to superintend the operations at the national armories be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and from and after the passage of this act it shall be the dut} T of the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint a competent and well-qualified civil- ian as superintendent at each of said armories. * * * March 3, 1855 (10-635). Compensation of the civil superintendents of national armories to be $2,500 without perquisites or allowances of any kind, quarters excepted, section 7, annual distribution of arms to the several States to be made according to number of Senators and Representatives in Congress. August 30, 1856 (11-147). Erection authorized of suitable magazines and other arsenal buildings in Texas, California, Washington or Oregon Territory, and New Mexico. Act of March 3, 1857 (11 Stats., 200). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight. * * * Sec. 3. That the master armorers at the national armories shall receive fifteen hundred dollars each per annum. Act of June 12, 1858 (11 Stats., 332). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine. * * * For the alteration of old arms so as to make them breech-loading arras, upon a model to be selected and approved by a board of ordnance officers . . . : Provided, That . . . not exceeding five thou- sand dollars may be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War, and at his discretion, in applying to the old or new arms any recent improvement in the mode of priming. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 589 Act of June 23, 1860 (12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be* made unless the same be authorized by law, or be under an appropriation adequate to its ful- fillment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, sub- sistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms, nor military supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of February 21, 1861 (12 Stats., lfl). AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. * * * March 2, 1861 {12-208). The St. Louis Arsenal to he removed to Jefferson Bar- racks. [This act was repealed by the act of February 20, 1865 (13-432).] Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stats., 214). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal services, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the place and in the manner in which such articles are usuaily bought and sold or such 590 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by laAV or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War . . . Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or trans- portation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act mak- ing appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. July 10, 1861 {12-255'). Remits duties on arms imported between May 1, 1861, and January 1, 1862, on proof that they were intended for the use of the troops of any State aiding in suppressing the insurrection against the United States. Act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. * * * Sec. 3. . . . And there shall be added to the Ordnance Depart- ment of the United States Army, as now organized, one Chief of Ord- nance with the rank, pay, and emoluments of the Quartermaster-General of the Army; one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and six second lieu- tenants; the field officers to be appointed by selection from the officers of the Army, and the second lieutenants from the graduates of the United States Military Academy by transfers from the engineers, or the topographical engineers, or the artilleiy. Act of August 6, 1861 (12 Stats., 317). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer Corps, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That so much of the first section of the act approved August fifth, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, as authorizes the appointment of civilians to superintend the national armories be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and that the superintendents of these armories shall be appointed hereafter from officers of the Ordnance Department. June 2, 1862 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. Act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stats., 506). ANfACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropriations for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for otker purposes. * # * Sec. 3. That the enlisted men of the Ordnance Department now designated as master workmen shall hereafter be designated and mus- tered as sergeants; those now designated as armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as corporals; those THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 591 now designated sua artificers shall be designated and mustered as privates of the first class, and those now designated as laborers shall be desig- nated and mustered as privates of the second class: Provided, That the pay. rations, and clothing now authorized by law to the respective grades of enlisted ordnance men shall not be changed. Act of July 11, 1862 (12 Stats., 537). AN ACT for the establishment of certain national arsenals. That there shall be, and hereby is, established a national arsenal at ( Jolumbus, in the State of Ohio, at Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana, and on Rock Island, in the State of Illinois, for the deposit and repair of arms and other munitions of war. * * * July 17, 1862 (12-594). Contractors for arras, ammunition, etc., guilty of fraud to l>e subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and all inspectors of military supplies. Act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. . . . The senior officer of artillery in each army corps shall, in addition to his other duties, act as chief of artillery and ord- nance at the headquarters of the corps. Act of March ->', 1863 (12 Stats., 74$). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes. * * Sec. 4. That there shall be added to the Ordnance Department one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, eight captains, eight first lieutenants, the additional officers herein authorized to be appointed by promotion so far as the present officers of the Ordnance Corps will permit, and the residue to be appointed by transfers from other regiments or corps of the Army: Prondnl, That no officer of the Ordnance Department below the rank of a field officer shall be promoted or commissioned to a higher grade, nor shall any officer of the Army be commissioned as ati ordnance officer until he shall have passed a satisfactory examina- tion before a board of not less than three ordnance, officers, senior to him in rank; and should such officer fail on such examination, he shall be suspended from promotion or appointment for one year, when he may be reexamined before a like board; and if, upon such second examination, an ordnance officer fail, he shall be dismissed from the service, and if an officer of the Army he shall not be commissioned. * * * Sec. 1-. That the increase of rank of officers and in the number of officers provided for in this act shall continue only during the exist- 592 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ence of the present rebellion; and thereafter the several officers pro- moted under this act shall have the respective rank they would have had if this act had not passed, and the number shall be reduced by the President to the number authorized by law prior to the passage of this act. April 19, 1864 {13-50). The Secretary of War was authorized to take and hold all the lands and shores of the island of Rock Island, Illinois, to be kept as a military reservation. (Note to July 11, 1862, 12-537.) Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 21. That the Ordnance Department of the Army shall consist of the same number of officers and enlisted men as now authorized by law, and the officers shall be of the following grades, viz: One briga- dier-general, three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty captains, sixteen first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants, with the same pay and emoluments as now provided by law; and thir- teen ordnance storekeepers, of whom a number not exceeding six may be appointed and authorized to act as paymasters at armories and arsenals. The ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at the national armory at Springfield shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of cavalry, and all other ordnance storekeepers shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry, and two-thirds of the . . . ordnance storekeepers to be appointed under this . . . section of this act shall be selected from volunteer officers or soldiers who have performed meritorious service in the Army of the United States during the late rebellion. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . Chief of Ordnance shall hereafter be appointed b} r selection from the corps to which they belong. Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., J&2). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. That (excepting the ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at the Springfield Armory, who has the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry) all storekeepers of the Army shall hereafter have the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry. . . . * * * March 2, 1867 {14-487). Section 3 authorizes a board of six officers (three from the Army) to determine by practical tests what increase of strength or variation of form is necessary to enable our best stone forts to resist the heaviest guns. March 2, 1867 {14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. March 24, 1868 {15-250). Captured ordnance and implements maybe issued to the several national asylums for the purpose of firing salutes; also such small arms and equipments as may be necessary for guard duty. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 593 Resolution of July 20, 1868 (15 Stats., 259). JOINT RESOLUTION directing the Secretary of War to sell damaged or unservice- able arms, ordnance, and ordnance stores. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause to be sold, after offer at public sale on thirty days' notice, in such manner and at such times and places, at public or pri- vate sale, as he may deem most advantageous to the public interest, the old cannon, arms, and other ordnance stores now in possession of the War Department which are damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the United States military service, or for the militia of the United States, and to cause the net proceeds of such sales, after paying all proper expenses of sale and transportation to the place of sale, to be deposited in the Treasury of the United States. July 25, 1868 (15-187). Sale of St. Louis Arsenal authorized. Act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Ordnance Depart- ment. . . . * * * May 4, 1870 (16-378). Authorizes issues of arms, etc., to certain colleges and universities. February 2, 1871 (16-593). Bergen Heights Arsenal to be sold. May 15, 1872. This act establishes rates of pay of enlisted men of the corps from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S. ) Stay 21, 1872 (17-188). One thousand rifled muskets and 200,000 cartridges to be issued to the governor of Montana for distribution among settlers of the Gallatin Val- ley and other exposed localities. Act of June 6, 1872 (17 Stats., 258). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That this appropriation [for experiments and tests of heavy-rifled ordnance] shall be applied to at least three models of heavy ordnance, to be designated by a board of officers to be appointed by the Secretary of War, which report shall include both classes, breech and muzzle loading cannon, and the powder and pro- jectiles necessary for testing the same shall be supplied from stores on hand. For constructing and testing Moffat's breech -loading field pieces, . . . ; and for testing . lames Crocket's graduating and accelerating cartridge, and for experimenting with patent metallic cartridge of Willis E. Moore, and other improvements in ammunition, . . . * * V.' . . . Provided, That no part of this appropriation [manufacture of arms] shall be expended until B to -Ii-loading system for muskets and carbines shall have been adopted for the military service upon the S. Doc. 229 38 594 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. recommendation of the board to be appointed by the Secretary of War, which board shall consist of not less than five officers, as follows: One general officer, one ordnance officer, and three officers of the line, one to be taken from the cavalry, one from the infantry, and one from the artillery: And provided further, That the system when so adopted, shall be the only one to be used by the Ordnance Department in the manufacture of muskets and carbines for the military service; and no royalty shall be paid by the Government of the United States for the use of said patent to any of its officers or employees, or for any patent in which said officers or employees may be directly or indirectly interested. * * * June 10, 1872 (17-380). Orders sale of the Rome, Champlain, North Carolina, Mount Vernon, and Apalachicola arsenals. March 3, 1873 (17-543) . Provides for experiments and testa of two Gatling guns of large caliber for flank defenses of fortifications, recommended for trial; also of any other systems for utilizing and improving the cast-iron guns now in service. Act of June 16, 187 J,, (18 Stats., 70). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That no part of this sum shall be expended at said armories [national] in the perfection of patentable inventions in the manufacture of arms by officers of the Army otherwise compen- sated for their services to the United States. * * * June 22, 1874 (18-200). Authorizes sale of obsolete ammunition, balls, and surplus of pig lead. Act of June 23, 1874. (18 Stats., %U)- AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. * * * Sec. 5. That the Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty captains, sixteen first lieutenants; and all vacancies which may hereafter exist in the grade of first lieutenant in said department shall be filled by transfer from the line of the Army: Provided, That no appointment or promotion in said department shall hereafter be made until the officer or person so appointed or promoted shall have passed a satis- factory examination before a board of ordnance officers senior to himself. Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff. Sec. 7. That as vacancies shall occur in any of the grades of the Ordnance . . . departments, no appointments shall be made to fill the same until the numbers in such grade shall be reduced to the numbers which are fixed for permanent appointments by the pro- visions of this act, and thereafter the number of permanent officers in said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers, and all THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 595 other grades in said Ordnance . . . departments than those author- ized by the provisions of this act shall cease to exist as soon as the same shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise; and no appointment or promotion shall hereafter be made to fill any vacancy which may occur therein. Sec. 8/That so much of section six of an act entitled u An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur- poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the Ordnance . . . departments of the Army be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That this section repealing said section shall not apply to any of the grades of the Ordnance . . . departments which are omitted or abolished by the provisions of this act. March 3, 1875 (18-375). Report to be made how many of the arsenals east of the Mississippi River can be sold without injury to the service; an officer of ordnance to be detailed as member of a "board to conduct experiments in testing iron and steel. March 3, 1875 (18-452) . None of the money appropriated by this act for the ord- nance service shall be expended for the construction or repair of buildings. No money to be expended hereafter at national armories in the perfection of patentable inventions, by officers of the Army, in the manufacture of arms. March 3, 1875 (18-510). Authorizes sale of the Detroit Arsenal. April 11, 1876 (19-32). Authorizes sale of arsenal at Stonington, Conn. June 20, 1876 (19-59). Authorizes sale of all obsolete and condemned projectiles for heavy ordnance. July 3, 1876 (19-214). Superseded arms to be issued to Territories and border States for protection of citizens; amended by joint resolution of March 3, 1877 (19-410), by adding "not to exceed 50 ball cartridges for each arm." August 15, 1876 ( 19-206). State of Kansas to be credited for certain ordnance stores charged to it, but used by Government officials and never turned over to the State. May 16, 1878 (20-61) . Quota of States not to be diminished by the provision of joint resolution of July 3, 1876 (19-214). June 7, 1878 (20-252). Additional arms to be issued to Territories for protection of their citizens. REVISED STATUTES, 2ND EDITION, 1878. * * * Sec, 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of * * * An Ordnance Department. The enlisted men of the Ordnance Department. * * * A[n] ordnance sergeant . . . for each military post. * * * Sec. 1109. There shall be an ordnance sergeant for each military post, whose dut}' it shall be to take care of the ordnance, arms, ammu- nition, and other military stores at such post, under the direction of the commanding officer, and according to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1110. Ordnance sergeants shall be selected by the Secretary of War from the sergeants of the line who shall have served faithfully for eight years, including four years in the grade of noncommissioned officer, and shall be assigned to their stations by him. 596 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 1159. The Ordnance Department of the Army shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank of brigadier-general, three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty- captains, sixteen first lieutenants, ten second lieutenants, and thirteen ordnance store- keepers. The ordnance storekeeper at Springfield Armory shall have the rank of major of cavalry; all other ordnance storekeepers shall have the rank of captain of cavalry. Sec. 1160. No officer of the Army shall be commissioned as an ord- nance officer until he shall have been examined and approved by a board of not less than three ordnance officers, senior to him in rank. If an officer of the Army fail on such examination he shall be suspended from appointment for one year, when he may be reexamined before a like board. In case of failure on such reexamination, he shall not be commissioned as an ordnance officer. Sec. 1161. Any number, not exceeding six, of the ordnance store- keepers may be authorized to act as paymasters at armories and arsenals. Sec. 1162. The Chief of Ordnance may enlist as many sergeants of ordnance, corporals of ordnance, and first and second class privates of ordnance as the Secretary of War may direct. Master armorers, mas- ter carriage makers, and master blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as sergeants; armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as corporals; artificers shall be desig- nated and mustered as privates of the first class, and laborers as privates of the second class. Sec. 1163. The Chief of Ordnance, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, shall organize and detail to regiments, corps, or garrisons such numbers of ordnance enlisted men, furnished with proper tools, carriages, and apparatus, as may be necessary, and shall make regulations for their government. Sec. 1164. It shall be the dut}^ of the Chief of Ordnance to furnish estimates, and, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to make contracts and purchases for procuring the necessary supplies of ord- nance and ordnance stores for the use of the armies of the United States; to direct the inspection and proving the same, and to direct the construction of all cannon and carriages, ammunition wagons, traveling forges, artificers' wagons, and of every implement and appa- ratus for ordnance, and the preparation of all kinds of ammunition and ordnance stores constructed or prepared for said service. Sec. 1165. The Chief of Ordnance, under the direction of the Sec- retary of Wai , may establish depots of ordnance and ordnance stores in such parts of the United States, and in such numbers, as may be deemed necessaiy. Sec. 1166. The Chief of Ordnance, or the senior officer of the corps for any district, shall execute all orders of the Secretary of War, and, in time of war, the orders of any general or field officer commanding an army, garrison, or detachment for the supply of all ordnance and ordnance stores for garrison, field, or siege service. Sec. 1167. The Chief of Ordnance shall, half yearly, or oftener if so directed, make a report to the Secretary of War of all the officers, artificers, and laborers in his department of the service, and of all ordnance and ordnance stores under his control. Every officer of the Ordnance Department, every ordnance storekeeper, every post ord- nance sergeant, each keeper of magazines, arsenals, and armories, every assistant and deputy of such, and all other officers, agent, or THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 597 persons who shall have received or maj T be entrusted with any stores or supplies, shall quarterly, or oftener, if so directed, and in such manner and on such forms as may be directed or prescribed by the Chief of Ordnance, make true and correct returns to the Chief of Ord- nance of all ordnance arms, ordnance stores, and all other supplies and property of every kind received by or entrusted to them and each of them, or which may in any manner come into their and each of their possession or charge. The Chief of Ordnance, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, is hereby authorized and directed to draw up and enforce in his; department a system of rules and regu- lations for the government of the Ordnance Department, and of all persons in said department, and for the safe-keeping and preservation of all ordnance property of every kind, and to direct and prescribe the time, number, and forms of all returns and reports, and to enforce compliance therewith. * * * Sec. 1191. . . . all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faith- fully to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so pre- scribed. . . . * * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Chief of Ordnance . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . Ordnance . . . departments. * * * Sec. 1207. When any lieutenant of the . . . Ordnance Corps has served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain, on passing the examination pro- vided by the preceding section, but such promotion shall not authorize an appointment to till any vacancy when such appointment would increase the whole number of officers in the corps beyond the number fixed by law; nor shall any officer be promoted before officers of the same grade who rank him in his corps. Sec. 1208. When promotions in the Ordnance Department of the Army are allowed by law, no officer of the corps below the rank of field officer shall be promoted to a higher grade until he shall have been examined and approved by a board of not less than three ord- nance officers senior to him' in rank. If an ordnance officer fail on such examination, he shall be suspended from promotion for one year, when he shall be reexamined before a like board. In case of failure on such reexamination, he shall be dismissed from the service. * * * Sec. 1220. Every officer commanding a regiment, corps, garrison, or detachment shall make, once every two months, or oftener if so directed, a report to the Chief of Ordnance, stating all damages to iinns, equipments, and implements belonging to his command, noting those occasioned by negligence or abuse, and naming the officer or sol- dier by whose negligence or abuse the said damages were occasioned. 598 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection and survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under the regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1279. . . . The principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau shall receive a compensation, including pay and emoluments, not exceeding that of a major of ordnance. Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the Army shall, during their first term of enlistment, be as follows, with the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided: * * * Ordnance sergeants of posts, thirty-four dollars. * * * Sergeants of . . . ordnance, thirty-four dollars. Corporals of . . . ordnance, twenty dollars. * * * Privates (first class) of . . . ordnance, seventeen dollars. Privates (second class) of . . . ordnance, thirteen dollars. * * * Section 1281 adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth year of first enlistment, and section 1282 fixes pay of men reenlisting at rate of third year of first term. * * * Sec. 1293. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance shall be entitled to receive one ration and a half daily. Other enlisted men shall be enti- tled to receive one ration daily. * * * Sec. 1297. No allowance of clothing shall be made to sergeants of ordnance. * * * Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any articles of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 1662. At each arsenal there shall be established a national armory, in which there shall be employed one superintendent, who shall be an officer of the Ordna,nce Department, to be designated by the President; one master armorer, who shall be appointed by the President, and as many workmen as the Secretary of War may from time to time deem necessary. Sec. 1663. The ordnance officer in charge of any national armory shall receive no compensation other than his regular pay as an officer of the corps; the master armorers shall receive fifteen hundred dollars per annum each; the inspectors and clerks each eight hundred dollars per annum, except the clerks of the armory at Springfield, Massa- chusetts, who may receive, at the discretion of the Secretary of War, twelve hundred dollars per annum. Sec. 1664. The several compensations fixed by the preceding section for master armorers and inspectors shall be paid quarter yearly. All military storekeepers and paymasters shall give bond and security for THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 599 the faithful discharge of their duties, in such sums as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1665. An annual account of the expenses of the national armories shall be laid before Congress, together with an account of the arms made and repaired therein. Sec. 1666. The Secretary of War is authorized to abolish such of the arsenals of the United States as, in his judgment, may be useless or unnecessary. * * * Sec. 1672. The breech-loading system for muskets and carbines adopted by the Secretary of War, known as "the Springfield breech-loading system," is the only system to be used by the Ordnance Department in the manufacture of muskets and carbines for the military service. Sec. 1673. No royalty shall be paid by the United States to any one of its officers or employees for the use of any patent for the system, or any part thereof, mentioned in the preceding section, nor for any such patent in which said officers or employees may be directly or indirectly interested. * * * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War. . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject, never- theless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. * * * Sec. 3T32. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . . * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers, appointed by him to make con- tracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 23, 1878(20 Stats., 31). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and for other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-nine, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That the money herein appropriated for torpe- does shall only be used in the establishment and maintenance of tor- pedoes to be operated from shore stations for the destruction of an enemy's vessel approaching the shore or entering the channel and fair- ways of harbors. June 23, 1879 {21-30). None of the money appropriated for the ordnance service shall be expended for any use not strictly connected with the military service of the Government, this restriction to apply to the use of public animals, forage, and vehicles. 600 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. December 19, 1879 {21-299). Authorizes lease of buildings, etc., of the Charleston Arsenal. January 7, 1881 (21-314)- Authorizes purchase of land to enlarge the San Antonio Arsenal. March 3, 1881 (21-468). Two ordnance officers to be detailed as members of a board to examine all inventions of heavy ordnance and improvements of heavy ordnance and projectiles that may be presented to it. Secretary of War authorized to exchange the unserviceable and unsuitable powder and shot on hand for new powder and projectiles, or to sell the same and purchase similar articles with the proceeds of the sales. Act of May 1, 1882 (22 Stats., 52), AN ACT to authorize the appointment of an ordnance storekeeper in the Army. That the President is hereby authorized to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an ordnance store- keeper in the Ordnance Department of the Army, and all laws incon- sistent therewith are hereby suspended for the purposes of this act only: Provided, That prior to his appointment he shall have passed a satisfactory examination before a board of ordnance officers. May 19, 1882 (22-93). Tw T o heavy guns and four mortars may be issued, on the requisition of the governor of a State bordering on the sea and Gulf coast, and a suitable battery for these cannon to be constructed, for instruction and practice of the militia in heavy artillery drill: Provided, The State has a permanent camping ground for the encampment of the militia not less than six days annually. Act of June 30, 1882 (22 Stats., 117). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * United States testing machine. . . . And provided further, That in making tests for private citizens the officer in charge may require pajmient in advance, and may use the funds so received in making such private tests, making full report thereof to the Chief of Ordnance; and the Chief of Ordnance shall give attention to such pro- gramme of tests as may be submitted by the American Society of Civil Engineers; and the records of such tests shall be furnished said society, to be by them published at their own expense. * * * August 5, 1882 (22-299) . Master armorer at the Springfield Armory to perform the duties of master machinist and his pay increased $1,000 per annum. Act of Juby 5, I884. (23 Stats., 158). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That hereafter all rifled cannon of any particular material, caliber, or kind made at the cost of the United States shall be publicly subjected to the proper test, including such rapid firing as a like gun would be likely to be subjected to in actual battle, for the determination of the endurance of the same to the satisfaction of the President of the United States or such persons as he may select; and he is hereby author- ized to select not to exceed five persons, who shall be skilled in such THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 601 matters; and if such guns shall not prove satisfactory they shall not be put to use in the Government service. Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War . . . are hereby authorized to sell to projectors of methods of conversion, for experimental pur- poses only, any smooth-bore cannon on hand required by them, at prices which shall not be less than have been received from auction sales for such articles, and deliver the same, at the cost of the Government, at the nearest convenient place for shipment or public transportation, the cost of deliver}^ to be deducted from the proceeds of sales, and the bal- ance to be covered into the Treasury of the United States. Act of March 3, 1885 (23 Stats., 434). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and eighty-six, and for other purposes. And the President of the United States shall appoint a board, of which the Secretary of War shall be a member and president, to be composed of . . . two [officers] from the Ordnance Corps, . . . which board shall examine and report at what ports fortifications or other defences are most urgently required, the character and kind of defences best adapted for each, with reference to armament, the utili- zation of torpedoes, mines, or other defensive appliances. . . . For the purchase of movable submarine torpedoes propelled and controlled by power operated and transmitted from shore stations as may be recommended by the Board of Engineers of the Army of the United States and approved by the Secretary of War. . . . * * * For the armament of seacoast fortifications, including the manufac- ture of heavy guns and carriages; for the constructing and testing experimental gun carriages; for the purchase and manufacture of a multi-charge gun and testing same; for projectiles, gun loaders, fuses, powder, and implements, their trial and proof. . . . And not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars thereof may be used for the expenses of experiments in the use of dynamite or other high-explosive pro- jectiles. And no type of gun shall be purchased until thoroughly tested and found to conform to the requirements of this act. Act of May 1, 1888 (25 Stats., 107). AN ACT to authorize the construction of an arsenal for the repair, storage, and dis- tribution ot ordnance and ordnance stores for the use of the Government of the United States-at Columbia, Tennessee. [Appropriates $200,000] ; and the construction and control of said arsenal shall be under the direction of the Secretary of War: l^ovided, That without cost to the United States a sufficient quantity of land accepted as suitable and adequate for such arsenal by the Secretary of War, and not less than fifty acres, is conveyed in fee to the United States. . . . 602 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 481). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided further, That the cost to the Ordnance Department of all ordnance and ordnance stores issued to the States, Territories, and District of Columbia, under the act of February twelfth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, shall be credited to the appropriation for "manufacture of arms at national armories." . . . March 2, 1889 {25-825). Board of Ordnance and Fortification to examine and report upon a site or sites for ordnance testing and proving ground. Makes an appro- priation for the construction of a counterpoise battery to mount a seacoast rifle gun, to be located at point selected by the Board of Ordnance and Fortification and erected by the inventor under the general direction of the Board ; gun to be mounted thereon, with its fittings, to be furnished by the Ordnance Department of the Navy. August 18, 1890 (26-S15). Board of three officers, one of engineers, one of artillery, and one of ordnance, not below rank of lieutenant-colonel, to inquire into the facili- ties for producing steel forgings for high-power guns at or near the Pacific coast, in the vicinity of the Rock Island Arsenal, the Indianapolis Arsenal, and at some point on or near the Gulf coast; also as to the advisability of erecting at those points gun factories for finishing and assembling high-power guns. Secretary of War authorized to contract for twenty-five 8-inch, fifty 10-inch, and twenty-five 12-inch breech-loading single-charge steel guns. Last paragraph of act of March 2, 1889 (25-825), amended to authorize the use of a 6-inch breech-loading cannon of new pattern in the test of the counterpoise battery. Act of -September 22, 1888 {25 Stats., 489). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes. That the appropriations hereinafter provided for shall be available until expended and shall be expended under the direct supervision of a board to consist of the Commanding General of the Army, an officer of engineers, an officer of ordnance, and an officer of artillery, to be selected by the Secretary of War, to be called and known as the Board of Ordnance and Fortifications. . . . * -X- * Sec. 4. For the erection, purchase, or manufacture of the necessary buildings and other structures, machinery, tools, and fixtures for an army gun factory for finishing and assembling heavy ordnance, to be erected at the Watervliet Arsenal, West Troy, New York, seven hun- dred thousand dollars: Provided, That not exceeding twenty thousand dollars of this sum may be used for the erection and completion of two sets of officers' quarters. Act of July 16, 1892 1 (27 Stats., 174). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety -three, and for other purposes. * * * ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. * * * . . . Provided, That if the Secretary of War shall, upon the report of the small-arms board now in session, adopt a new rifle or 1 Sergeants of ordnance to receive the same allowance of clothing as other sergeants in like staff departments. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 603 system for rifles for the militaiy service, or for trial with a view to such adoption, then this appropriation [$400,000] for manufacture of arms at the national armories shall be available for the procurement of such arms: Prodded further, That purchases may be made in open market, in the manner common among business men, when the aggre- gate of the purchase does not exceed two hundred dollars. . . . * * * July 23, 1892 (27-257). Authorizes the appointment of a board of army and naval officers to report what, in their opinion, is the most available site on the Pacific coast or on the rivers and waters thereof, for the erection of a plant for finishing and assem- bling the parts of heavy guns and other ordnance for the use of the Army and Navy. Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276). AN ACT amending the act of October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "An act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regulate promotions therein." * * * Sec. 2. That the examination of officers of the . . . Ordnance Department who were officers or enlisted men in the regular or vol- unteer service, either in the Army, Navy, or the Marine Corps, during the war of the rebellion, shall be conducted by boards composed in the same manner as for the examination of other officers of their respective corps and department; and the examination shall embrace the same subjects prescribed for all other officers of similar grades in the . . . Ordnance Departmant, respectively. July 27, 1892 (27-276). Specimens of arms, projectiles, etc., used in the battle of Gettysburg to be delivered to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. February 27, 1893 (27-478). No part of appropriation for the manufacture of arms at the national armories shall be expended for the manufacture of magazine rifles of foreign invention until the examination of similar arms of American invention pre- sented within the next thirty days shall have been tested. Act of March 29, 1894, {%$ Stats., 47). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Chief of Ordnance, . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted witn public property arising from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. * * * August 6, 1894 (28-238). Appropriation in this act for manufacture of arms appli- cable to the manufacture of the magazine arm recommended by the board. Pur- chases not exceeding $200 may be made in open market. March 2, 1895 (28-764). Abolishes section 229, Revised Statutes, requiring annual statement of contracts for supplies and services. Act of June 6, 1896 (29 Stats., 256). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes. * * * Arrna/ment and fortifications : . . . And the ordnance storekeeper now on duty in Washington as disbursing officer and assistant to the 604 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Chief of Ordnance, United States Army, shall hereafter have the rank of major. * * * June 11, 1896 (29-413) . No patented impact testing machine to be erected at the Watertown Arsenal, Mass., unless the patentee shall first authorize its use by the Gov- ernment without compensation. March 3, 1897 (29-641) . No contract for oil-tempered and annealed steel for high- power coast-defense guns and mortars to be made at a price exceeding 23 cents per pound. Resolution of April 1, 1898 (30 Stats., 737). JOINT RESOLUTION providing for the temporary admission free of duty of naval and military supplies procured abroad. That such guns, ammunition, and other . . . militar} 7 supplies as may be purchased abroad by this Government for the national defense prior to January fifth, eighteen hundred and ninet}^-nine, shall be admitted at any port of entry in the United States free of duty. May 7, 1898 (30-400). Part of appropriation for the armament of fortifications may be used for the purchase of material for steel- wire seacoast guns. May 18, 1898 (80-419). Arms, ammunition, etc., may be issued to the Cuban people. June 7, 1898 (30-433). Authorizes the Bureau of Ordnance to purchase or make contracts for such ordnance an'l ordnance stores as are needed for immediate use. The act of March 3, 1899 (30-1350) imits above authority to March 1, 1900. Again extended to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900 (31). Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 433). AN ACT to suspend the operations of certain provisions of law relating to the War Department, and for other purposes. * * * That during the existing war the Bureau of Ordnance of the War Department is authorized to purchase without advertisement such ord- nance and ordnance stores as are needed for immediate use, and when such ordnance and ordnance stores are to be manufactured, then to make contracts without advertisement for such stores, to be delivered as rapidly as manufactured. Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 720). AN ACT to increase the force of the Ordnance Department. That section five of an act entitled "An act organizing the several staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-four, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows: "Sec. 5. The Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; four colonels, five lieutenant-colonels, twelve majors, twenty-four captains, and twenty first lieutenants. "A chief ordnance officer may be assigned to the staff of an army or a corps commander, and while so assigned shall have the rank, pay, and allowance of a lieutenant-colonel. A chief ordnance officer may be assigned to the staff of a division commander, and while so assigned shall have the rank, pay, and allowances of a major." THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 605 Act of March 0, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... an Ordnance Department. . . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of store- keeper in the . . . Ordnance Department . . . now provided by law, said office shall cease to exist. * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . Ordnance Department . . . shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law. . . . Act of March 3, 1899 l (30 Stats., 1064). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Regular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred. * * * Ordnance, ordnance stores, and supplies: . . . Provided, The Chief of Ordnance is authorized to issue such obsolete or condemned ordnance, gun carriages, and ordnance stores as may be needed for ornamental purposes to the Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the Homes to pay for transportation and such other expenses as are necessary. * * * March 3, 1899 (30-1350). Until March 1, 1900, Bureau of Ordnance may make purchases and contracts without advertisement; suspends provisions of law relative to payment of employees. February 24, 1900 (31- ). Provisions of act of March 3, 1899, extended until June 30, 1 901 ; war material may be purchased abroad and admitted free of duty. May 26, 1900 (31- ). Authorizes issue of obsolete or condemned ordnance gun carriages and ordnance stores to Homes for Disabled Volunteers for ornamental our- poses, the Homes to pay transportation. Act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the ipproval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . . . an Ordnance Department . . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of .storekeeper, now provided for by law in the . . . Ordnance Department . . . said office shall cease to exist. * * * Sec. 23. That the Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance with the rank of brigadier-general, four colonels, six lieutenant-colonels, twelve majors, twenty-four captains, and twenty- 1 Authorizes replacement of the ordnance and ordnance stores which volunteers carried into the service of the United States during the war with Spain and which have been retained by the Government. 606 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. four first lieutenants, the ordnance storekeeper, and the enlisted men, including ordnance sergeants, as now authorized by law. All vacancies created or caused by this section shall, as far as possible, be filled by promotion according to seniority as now prescribed by law. * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Ordnance Department, . . . including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 607 Act of March 8, 1901 {31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * Provided, That no part of the appropriations made for the Ordnance Department shall be used in payment of freight charges on ordnance or ordnance stores issued by said department. XI THE SIGNAL CORPS. S. Doc. 229 39 609 THE SIGNAL CORPS. The Signal Corps owes its origin to Maj. Albert J. Myer, who entered the Army in 1854 as an assistant surgeon, and whose active interest in sign language was manifested by its development, in 1856, into a system of signal communication which, attracting at tirst little or no attention, was two years later submitted to a military board con- vened for its consideration. It was not, however, until June 21, 1860, that Congress authorized the addition to the staff of the Army of one signal officer, with the rank and pay of a major of cavalry. The "Signal Corps" was organized by the act of March 3, 1863. June 27, I860. Maj. Albert J. Myer (New York), Signal Officer. Mar. 3, 1863. Col. Albert J. Myer (New York), Chief Signal Officer. Dec. 3, 1864. Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen.) Benjamin F. Fisher (Pennsylvania). July 28, 1866. Col. (Brig. Gen., June 16, 1880) Albert J. Myer (New York). Dec. 15, 1880. Brig. Gen. William B. Hazen (Ohio). Mar. 3, 1887. Brig. Gen. Adolphus W. Greely (Louisiana). Xotk. Colonel Myer was relieved from the command of the Corps November 10, 1863, and ordered to the Mississippi. He turned over the Bureau to Lieut. Col. William J. L. Nicodemus (Maryland) . 611 THE SIGNAL CORPS. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of June 21, 1860 (12 Stats., 64). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. . . . That there be added to the staff of the Army one signal officer, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry, who shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, of all signal duty and of all books, papers, and apparatus connected therewith. * - * * February 22, 1862 (12-844)- Officers detailed as signal officers to receive, during such service, pay, etc. , of cavalry officers of their respective grades. June 2, 1862 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 7U)- AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year ending the 30 (th) of June, 1863, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 17. That the Signal Corps of the Army shall, during the pres- ent rebellion, be organized as follows: There shall be one Chief Signal Officer, a colonel, who shall be Signal Officer of the Army; one lieuten- ant-colonel; two majors, who shall be inspectors; and for each army corps or military department there shall be one captain and as many lieutenants, not exceeding eight, as the President may deem necessary, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall receive the pay and emoluments of cavalry officers of similar grades; and for each officer of the Signal Corps there may be enlisted or detailed one sergeant and six privates, who shall receive the pay of similar grades of engineer soldiers: Provided, That no officer or enlisted man snail be allowed to serve in the Signal Corps until he shall have been examined and approved by a military board, to be convened for that purpose by the Secretary of War. Sec. 18. That the officers and enlisted men herein provided for shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War. They may be mounted upon horses, the property of the United States, and shall serve in any militarv department or with any forces to which they 613 614 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. may be ordered. And officers of the Army who may be appointed in this corps may, after the rebellion, be restored to their respective regiments or corps and receive the same rank and promotion as if they had continued to serve therein. Sec. 19. That ... in selecting officers and men for the organ- ization of the Signal Corps, as herein provided, preference shall be given to such as have served faithfully or as are now serving in the acting Signal Corps of the Army. Sec. 20. That, in order to allow time for their thorough examina- tion, the President may appoint the officers authorized by this act during the recess of Congress, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. Sec. 22. That there shall be one Chief Signal Officer of the Army, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry, and the Secretary of War have power to detail six officers and not to exceed one hundred noncommissioned officers and privates from the Battalion of Engineers for the performance of signal duty; but no offi- cer or enlisted man shall be so detailed until he shall have been exam- ined and approved by a military board, to be convened by the Secretary of War for that purpose; and enlisted men, while so detailed, shall, when deemed necessary, be mounted upon horses provided by the Government. X- * * February 18, 1867 (14-895). The officers and men of the Signal Corps who per- formed duty on the fleet under Admiral Farragut in the action in Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, to receive such sums, as prize money, as will be equal to what has been allowed to officers and sailors of the Navy of corresponding rank. Resolution of February 9, 1870 (16 Stats., 369). That the Secretary of War be, and he hereby is, authorized and required to provide for taking meteorological observations at the mili- tary stations in the interior of the continent and at other points in the States and Territories of the United States, and for giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms. Act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stats., 34.7). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for other purposes. * * * . . . That the Secretary of War be, and he hereby is, authorized and required to jprovide, in the system of observations and reports in charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, for such stations, reports, and signals as may be found necessary for the benefit of agricultural and commercial interests. . . . THE SIGNAL CORPS. 615 ' Act of March 3, 1873 {17 Stats., 510). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-foUr, and for other purposes. * * * . . . That the Secretary of War be, and hereby is, authorized to establish signal stations at light-houses at such of the life-saving sta- tions on the lake or sea coasts as may be suitably located for that pur- pose, and to connect the same with such points as may be necessary for the proper discharge of the signal service by means of a suitable telegraph line in cases where no telegraph lines are in operation, to be constructed, maintained, and worked under the direction of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army or the Secretary of War and the Secre- tary of the Treasury; and the use of the life-saving stations as signal stations shall be subject to such regulations as may be agreed upon by said officials. . . . * * * . . . That the Chief Signal Officer may cause to be sold any sur- plus maps or publications of the Signal Office, the money received therefor to be applied towards defraying the expenses of the Signal Service, an account of the same to be rendered in each annual report of the Chief of the Signal Service. Act of March 3, 1875 {18 Stats., 371). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for other purposes. * * x- . . . And a full report of the receipts and expenditures in con- nection with the said telegraph lines [on the Indian and Mexican fron- tiers and for the connection of military posts and stations, for the better protection of immigration and the frontier settlements from depredations, especially in the State of Texas, the Territories of New Mexico, Arizona, and the Indian Territory] shall be made quarterly to the Secretary of War through the Chief Signal Officer. And the Chief Signal Officer shall have the charge and control of said lines of tele- graph in the construction, repair, and operation of the same. . . . Act of July U, 1876 {19 Stats., 97). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes. . . . Nothing, however, in this act shall be construed to prevent enlistments for the Signal Service, which shall hereafter be maintained as now organized, and as provided by law with a force of enlisted men not exceeding four hundred after present terms of enlistment have expired. 616 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. REVISED STATUTES, 2ND EDITION, 1878. Sec. 221. The Secretary of War shall provide for taking meteoro- logical observations at the military stations in the interior of the con- tinent and at other points in the States and Territories, and for giving notice on the northern lakes and seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms. Sec. 222. The Secretary of War shall provide, in the system of observations and reports in charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Arnry, for such stations, reports, and signals as may be found necessary for the benefit of agriculture and commerce. Sec. 223. The Secretary of War is authorized to establish signal stations at light-houses and at such of the life-saving stations on the lake or sea coast as may be suitably located for that purpose, and to connect the same with such points as may be necessary for the proper discharge of the signal service by means of a suitable telegraph line in cases where no lines are in operation, to be constructed, maintained, and worked under the direction of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army or the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury; and the use of the life-saving stations as signal stations shall be subject to such regulations as may be agreed upon bj r said officials. * * * Sec. 227. The Chief Signal Officer may cause to be sold any surplus maps or publications of the Signal Office, the money received therefor to be applied toward defraying the expenses of the Signal Service, and an account of the same shall be rendered in each annual report of the Chief of the Signal Service. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of A Chief Signal Officer. * * * Sec. 1195. There shall be one Chief Signal Officer, with the rank of colonel of cavalry, who shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, of all signal duty, and of all books, papers, and apparatus connected therewith. Sec. 1196. The Secretary of War may detail six officers from the Corps of Engineers, and any number of noncommissioned officers and privates, not exceeding one hundred, from the battalion of engineers, for the performance of signal duty; but no officer or enlisted man shall be so detailed until he shall have been examined and approved by a military board convened by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1197. Enlisted men detailed for signal duty shall, when it is deemed necessary, be mounted on horses provided by the Government. * * * Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. THE SIGNAL CORPS. 617 Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies, or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to he charged against the responsible officer unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War, . . . and all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. . . . * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . . * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc. , to secure uniformity in such instruments. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of June 20, 1878 (20 Stats., 206). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy -nine, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL SERVICE. . . . And the enlisted force of the Signal Corps shall consist of one hundred and fifty sergeants, thirty corporals, and two hundred and seventy privates, who shall receive the pay of engineer soldiers of similar grades; and two sergeants may, in each year, be appointed to be second lieutenants: Provided, Signal Service men shall not receive extra-duty pay unless specially directed by the Secretary of War. * * * . . . Provided, however, That private dispatches of lawful nature ni.iy be transmitted over said lines [from Bismarck to Fort Ellis, via the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, connecting Fort Buford, Fort Keogh, and Fort Custer, and from Fort Sully to Fort Keogh, via Deadwoodj whenever the same is not needed for public use, at rea- sonable rates, not to exceed the usual rates charged by private tele- graph companies, the proceeds thereof to be accounted for and paid into the Treasury of trie United States; and the said telegraph line shall be maintained and operated under such proper rules and orders as the Secretary of War may direct for the benefit of the public service. 618 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 16, 1880 {21 Stats., 259). AN ACT making appropriations for the sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL SERVICE. * * * . . . There shall be added to the Signal Corps fifty privates; and from and after the passage of this act the Chief Signal Officer shall have the rank and pay of a brigadier-general. * * * Act of August 7, 1882 (22 Stats., 302). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes. SIGNAL, SERVICE. * * * . . . Provided, That the work of no other department, bureau, or commission authorized by law shall be duplicated by this Bureau: Provided further, That nothing herein contained shall restrict the performance of all duties of the Signal Service Bureau prescribed by existing laws. * * * Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 603). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. SIGNAL SERVICE. * * * . . . Provided, That on and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, all moneys received for the transmission of private dispatches over any and all telegraph lines owned or oper- ated by the United States snail be paid into the Treasury of the United States, . . . * * * . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed ten com- missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law, and exclusive of officers detailed for Arctic Sea service. Resolutimi of June 11, 1884 (23 Stats., 274). JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the President of the United States to appoint from the sergeants of the Signal Corps two second lieutenants. Y\ T hcroas the promotion of two sergeants of the Signal Corps to be second lieutenants not having been made for the year ending June THE SIGNAL CORPS. 619 thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, as authorized by law, because of a pending question as to the construction thereof: There- fore, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of the United States be, and h reby is, authorized to appoint from the ser- geants of the Signal Corps the two second lieutenants for that year, to rank from the date of appointment, the same as if the power to appoint had not lapsed. Act of July 7, 1884. (23 Stats., 19 %). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL, SERVICE. * * * . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed six commis- _^ sioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps Jt authorized by law, and of the three officers serving in the Arctic Seas. * * * That a joint commission, consisting of three Senators to be appointed by the President of the Senate, and three members of the House, to be* appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall con- sider the present organizations of the Signal Service, . . . with the view to secure greater efficiency and economy of administration of the public service in said bureaus; and said joint commission shall report to their respective Houses on or before the third Monday in December, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, their conclusions, by bill or report. Act of March 3, 1886 l (23 Stats., #78). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL, SERVICE. * * * . . . Provided, That thereafter the work of no other department, bureau, or commission authorized by law shall be duplicated by this Bureau. * * X- . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed four com- missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law, and of the officers lately serving in the Arctic seas. * * * 1 This act also continued the joint commission created by act of July 7, 1884, and required it to report to Congress on or before the third Monday in December, 1885. 620 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of August 4, 1886 ( Stats., 223). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty- seven, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL SERVICE. * * * PAY. . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed five com- missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law; and no money herein appropriated shall be used for pay and allowances of second lieutenants appointed or to be appointed from the sergeants of the Signal Corps under the provisions of the act approved June twentieth, eighteen hundred and seventy- eight, in excess of the number of sixteen, or for the pay and allowances of exceeding four hundred and seventy enlisted men of the Signal Corps; and in reducing the force the enlisted men at Fort Myer, Vir- ginia, denoted the "permanent party," shall first be mustered out: Provided, That this restriction shall not apply to the pay or commu- tation or expense of return from their stations to their homes of any enlisted men in excess of the four hundred and seventy men, accruing prior to the passage of this act. * * * That no part of the appropriations made for the Signal Service by this act shall be used for the maintenance or support of a school of instruction nor of the military post at Fort Myer, Virginia. 1 * * * February 17, 1887 (24-405). A military telegraph from Point Jupiter to Sanford, on the eastern coast of Florida, to be constructed, maintained, and operated under the direction and control of the Secretary of War, in connection with the establish- ment of signal and display stations. Act of March 3, 1887 {U Stats., 509). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, and for other purposes. * * SIGNAL SERVICE. * * * . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed five com- missioned officers of the Regular Army, to be exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law. . . . And no money herein appropriated shall be used for pay and allow- ances of second lieutenants appointed or to be appointed from the ser- geants of the Signal Corps under the provisions of the act approved 1 Extra pay is granted to thirteen enlisted men of the Signal Corps at Fort Myer, Va. THE SIGNAL CORPS. 621 June twentieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, in excess of the number of sixteen, or for the pay and allowances of exceeding four hundred and seventy enlisted men of the Signal Corps. * * * March 5, 1888 (25-44) Authorizes purchase of site in Washington for a building for the use of the Signal Bureau. Act of October 2, 1888 (25 Stats., 506). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL SERVICE. , . . . Not exceeding seven hundred dollars may be used for the rental of such cable and land wires as may, in the opinion of the Chief Signal Officer, be necessary to secure connection between the Point Reyes military telegraph line and the signal office in San Francisco, California. * * * . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed five com- missioned officers of the Regular Army, to be exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized bylaw; and the Regular Army officers herein authorized to be detailed for the Signal Corps shall receive their pay and allowances from the appropriation for the support of the Army; and no money herein appropriated shall be used for pay and allowances of second lieutenants appointed or to be appointed from the sergeants of the Signal Corps under the provisions of the act approved June twentieth, eighteen nundred and seventy- eight, in excess of the number of fourteen, or for the pay and allow- ances of exceeding three hundred and twenty enlisted men of the Signal Corps. * * Act of October 12, 1888 (25 Stats., 552). AN ACT to make enlisted men of the Signal Corps responsible for public property. That from and after the passage of this act every officer of the Signal Corps, every noncommissioned officer or private of the Signal Corps, ana all other officers, agents, or persons who now have in possession, or may hereafter receive, or may be intrusted with any stores or supplies shall, quarterly, or more often if so directed, and in such manner and on such forms as may be prescribed by the Chief Signal Ofliccr, make true and correct returns to the Chief Signal Officer of all Signal Service property and all other supplies and stores of every kind received by or intrusted to them and each of them, or which may, in any manner, come into their, and each of their, possession or charge. The Chief Signal Officer, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, is hereby authorized and directed to draw up and enforce in his Bureau a system of rules and regulations for the government of the Signal Bureau, and of all persons in said Bureau, and for the safe-keep- 622 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ing and preservation of all Signal Service property of every kind, and to direct and prescribe the kind, number, and form of all returns and reports, and to enforce compliance therewith. March 2, 1889 {25-939). Authorizes detail of five officers of the Army for service in the Signal Corps. No part of the appropriation for signal service shall be used in payment of enlisted men of the Signal Corps on clerical or messenger duty in the Signal Office, nor to pay the expense of travel performed on strictly military duty. August 30, 1890 (26-371). Officers and men of the Signal Corps may purchase sub- sistence stores in same manner as other officers and men of the Army. (Sec. 1144, R.S.) September 26, 1890 (26-479 ) . Appropriation for restoring and maintaining telegraphic communication between Tatoosh Island and Port Angeles, Cal., to be expended by the Chief Signal Officer of the Army. Act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stats., 653). AN ACT to increase the efficiency and reduce the expenses of the Signal Corps of the Army, and to transfer the weather service to the Department of Agriculture. That the civilian duties now performed by the Signal Corps of the Army shall hereafter devolve upon a bureau to be known as the W eather Bureau, which, on and after July first, eighteen hundred and ninety- one, shall be established in and attached to the Department of Agri- culture, and the Signal Corps of the Army shall remain a part of the military establishment under the direction of the Secretary of War, and all estimates for its support shall be included with other estimates for the support of the military establishment. Sec. 2. That the Chief Signal Officer shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, of all military signal duties, and of books, papers, and devices connected therewith, including telegraph and telephone apparatus and the necessary meteorological instruments for use on target ranges and other military uses; the construction, repair, and operation of military telegraph lines, and the duty of col- lecting and transmitting information for the Army by telegraph or otherwise, and all other duties usually pertaining to military signaling; and the operations of said corps shall be confined to strictly military matters. * * * Sec. 4. . . . Provided, That the chief signal officer of the Army may, in the discretion of the President, be detailed to take charge of said bureau, and in like manner other officers of the Army, not exceed- ing four, expert in the duties of the weather service, may be assigned to duty with the Weather Bureau, and while so serving shall receive the pay and allowances to which they are entitled by" law. Sec. 5. That the enlisted force of the Signal Corps, excepting those hereinafter provided for, shall be honorably discharged from the Army on June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, and such portion of this entire force, including the civilian employees of the Signal Service, as may be necessary for the proper performance of the duties of the Weather Bureau shall, if tney so elect, be trans- ferred to the Department of Agriculture, and the compensation of the force so transferred shall continue as it shall be in the Signal Service on June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, until otherwise provided by law: Provided, That skilled observers serving in the Signal Service at said date shall be entitled to preference over other THE SIGNAL COEPS. 623 Eersons not in the Signal Service for appointment in the Weather lureau to places for which they may be properly qualified until the expiration of the time for which they were last enlisted. oec. 6. That in addition to the Chief Signal Officer the commissioned force of the Signal Corps shaJl hereafter consist of one major, four captains (mounted), and four first iieutenants (mounted), who shall receive the pay and allowances of like grades in the Army. The offi- cers herein provided for shall be appointed from the Army, including lieutenants of the Signal Corps, preference being given to officers who have performed long and efficient service in the Signal Service: Pro- vided, That no appointment shall be made until a board, to be appointed by the Secretary of War, shall have submitted a report recommending officers for appointment in the Signal Corps in the order of merit, based upon the importance and usefulness of work per- formed in the Signal Service, as said board may determine from the official records. And such second lieutenants of the Signal Corps as may not be promoted under the provisions of this act shall be appointed second lieutenants in the line of the Army, with present date of commission, and shall be assigned to the first vacancies which may occur in the grade of second lieutenant after the appointments herein provided for have been made. Sec. 7. That all appointments and promotions in the Signal Corps after this reorganization shall be made after examination and approval under sections twelve hundred and six and twelve hundred and seven of the Revised Statutes, which are hereby amended so as to be appli- cable to and to provide for the promotion of the lieutenants of the Signal Corps in the same manner as they now apply to the Corps of Engineers and the Ordnance Corps; and all vacancies which may here- after exist in the grade of first lieutenant in the Signal Corps shall be filled by transfer from the line of the Army, after competitive exam- ination and recommendation by a board of officers of the Signal Corps to be appointed by the Secretary of War. Sec. 8. That the enlisted force of the Signal Corps of the Army shall hereafter consist of fifty sergeants, of which ten shall be of the first class, with pay of hospital stewards. No further enlistments shall be made in the Signal Corps for duties enumerated in section three: Provided, That any vacancy existing or hereafter occurring in that portion of the force of the Signal Corps engaged in said duties may be filled by a civilian at a salary not exceeding that now paid for the same class of work in the State or Territory where the service may be performed, and this compensation for said services shall con- tinue until July first, eighteen hundred and ninety -one, which compen- sation may be paid out of the appropriation for the pay of the present enlisted force. Sec. 9. That on and after July first, eighteen hundred and ninety- one, the appropriations for the support of the Signal Corps of the Army shall be made with those of other staff corps of the Army, . . . Sec. 10. That the President is authorized to appoint, on or before March first, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, a board of three officials, which board shall be charged with the duty of examining the classes and kinds of property and the amount of moneys pertaining to and in the possession or the Signal Corps, and said board shall, as soon as practicable, make to the Secretary of War a report setting forth the amount of moneys and the quantities and kinds of property more suit- 624 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. able for the work of the Weather Bureau and not necessary for the use of the Signal Corps, and what part of said property will be suitable and necessary for the Signal Corps, and upon the approval of said report by the Secretary of War the property and moneys which shall be decided to properly pertain to the Weather Bureau work shall be transferred to such Bureau, and to the custody of the Secretary of Agriculture, while the remaining property and funds shall continue in the possession of the Signal Corps. Act of August 6, 1894, (?8 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending , June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. Signal Corps: . . . Provided, That whenever a vacancy in the grade of brigadier-general shall occur in the office of Chief Signal >fficer said vacancy shall not be filled, but said grade shall cease and determine, and thereafter the commissioned force of the Signal Corps shall consist of one colonel, who shall be the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, and selected from the corps, and one lieutenant-colonel, one major, and three captains (mounted), to be appointed from the corps according to seniority, and three first lieutenants (mounted), to be appointed as now provided by law, who shall each receive the pay and allowances of like grades in the Army, and the officers of the Signal Corps shall retain the commissions held by them at the date of the next vacancy in the office of Chief Signal Officer, unless promoted in compliance with law. * * * . . . Provided further, . . . that purchases may be made in open market in the manner common among business men when the aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of War. Act of March 2, 1897 (29 Stats., 609). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. * * * FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. * * * Signal Corps: . . . And the promotions authorized by law when a vacancy occurs in the office of the Chief Signal Officer may be made in grades below that of colonel upon the approval of this act. THE SIGNAL CORPS. 625 Act of April 26, 1898 (30 Stats., 364). AN ACT for the better organization of the line of the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. ... In time of war there shall be added to the Signal Corps of the Army ten corporals, one hundred first-class privates, and forty second-class privates, who shall have the pay and allowances of engineer troops of the same grade. * * * Act of May 18, 1898 (30 Stats., 417). AN ACT to organize a volunteer signal corps. That the President is hereby authorized to organize a volunteer sig- nal corps for service during the existing war, which corps shall receive the same pay and allowances as are authorized b} r law for the Signal Corps of the Army. Sec. 2. The volunteer signal corps shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major as disbursing officer, and such other offi- cers and men as may be required, not exceeding one major for each army corps, and two captains, two first lieutenants, two second lieu- tenants, five first-class sergeants, ten sergeants, ten corporals, and thirty first-class privates to each organized division of troops: Provided, That two-thirds of all officers below the rank of major and a like pro- portion of the enlisted men shall be skilled electricians or telegraph- operators. Resolution of July 8, 1898 (30 Stats., 752). JOINT RESOLUTION to correct an omission relative to signal officers on the staff of corps commanders, and for other purposes. That so much of section ten of the act of Congress approved April twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as provides that the staff of the general commanding an army corps shall consist of certain officers, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, shall be held to include among such officers a chief signal officer: Provided, That so much of the act of Congress approved August sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, as reduces the grade of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army is hereby repealed, and the colonel therein provided for shall be assistant chief signal officer and appointed, by regular promotion, upon the approval of this resolution: Provlaed further, That the laws authorizing the detail and assignment of the officers of the Army to duty in the Weather Bureau be, and are hereby, repealed. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of ... a Signal Corps. . . . * * * S. Doc. 229 626 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 7. That the . . . Signal Corps shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law. . . . * * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Four signal officers with the rank of major, nine signal officers with the rank of captain, nine signal officers with the rank of first lieuten- ant, and nine signal officers with the rank of second lieutenant. * * * May 25, 1900 (31 ). Commercial business may be done over the military tele- graph and cable lines in Alaska, receipts from such business to be accounted for and paid into the United States Treasury. Resolution of June J+, 1900 (31 Stats., ). JOINT RESOLUTION for the appointment of first lieutenants of volunteers in the Signal Corps of the Army. That the President is hereby empowered to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint ten first lieuten- ants of volunteers in the Signal Corps of the Arm}', whose commis- sions shall expire June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and one. Act of February <2, 1901 (31 Stats., ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... a Signal Corps. . . . * * * Sec. 24. That the Signal Corps shall consist of one Chief Signal Officer, with the rank of brigadier- general, one colonel, one lieutenant- colonel, four majors, fourteen captains, fourteen first lieutenants, eighty first-class sergeants, one hundred and twenty sergeants, one hundred and fifty corporals, two hundred and fifty first-class privates, one hundred and fifty second-class privates, and ten cooks: Provided, That vacancies created or caused by this section shall be filled by pro- motion of officers of the Signal Corps according to seniority, as now provided by law. Vacancies remaining after such promotions may be filled by appointment of persons who have served in the Volunteer Signal Corps since April twenty -first, eighteen hundred and ninety- eight: Provided, That the President is authorized to continue in serv- ice during the present emergency, for duty in the Philippine Islands, five volunteer signal officers with the rank of first lieutenant and five volunteer signal officers with the rank of second lieutenant. This authority shall extend only for the period when their services may be absolutely necessary. * * * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Signal Corps, including those THE SIGNAL COBPS. 627 appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieu- tenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appoint- ments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such sys- tem of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in an} r corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. THE COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS. Aug. 11, 1775. Stephen Moylan, Muster-Master-General. June 18, 1776. Gunning Bedford, Muster-Master-General. Apr. 10, 1777. Joseph Ward, Muster-Master-General. Jan. 12, 1780. Mustering Department discontinued. 629 COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Resolved, . . . That there be a commissary of the musters; that his pay be forty dollars per month. July 17, 1775. Resolved, That a deputy muster-master be appointed for the said [New York] department. Gunning Bedford, esq., elected to that office. July 19, 1775. Resolved, That the appointment of ... a commissary of mus- ters ... be left to General Washington. July 29, 1775. Resolved, That the pay of the Commissary- General of Musters be forty dollars per month. * * * Deputy muster-master-general, forty dollars per do. (month). August 11, 1775. "The Commander in Chief has been pleased to appoint Stephen Moylan, esqr., to be Muster-Master-General to the Army of the United Colonies." {Order 8, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) February 17, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the appointment of Captain Rensselaer to be deputy muster-master-general of the forces in Canada be con- firmed. February 28, 1776. HrNolfrd, . . . That the deputy muster-maeter-general, (lim- ning Bedford, esq., be directed to repair to his post forthwith in the northern army in Canada, and that he muster the troops once in every month and make returns to Congress and the commanding officer. March 25, 1776. Resolved, That a deputy muster-master-general be appointed for the Southern Department. The ballots being taken and examined, 631 632 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Edmund Randolph, esq., was elected. 1 Resolved, That E. Randolph, esq., be empowered to appoint two deputy muster-masters under him, one for North Carolina and the other for South Carolina. June 5, 1776. Resolved, That the . . . deputy muster-masters -general make regular returns and reports to Congress and to the respective officers to whom they are deputies at least once a month, and that the princi- pals also make returns to Congress at the same periods. June 17, 1776. Resolved, That an experienced general be immediately sent into Canada, with power to appoint ... a deputy muster- master-gen- eral and such other officers as he shall find necessary for the good of the service, . . . and notify the same to Congress for their appro- bation; * * * That a deputy muster-master-general be immediately sent into Canada. June 18, 1776. Resolved, That Gunning Bedford, esq., deputy muster-master-gen- eral, be promoted to the rank of Muster-Master-General, and that he be directed immediately to repair to headquarters in New York. Resolved, That General Washington be empowered and directed to nominate and send a deputy muster-master-general to Canada. July 9, 1776. The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy muster-master- general for the flying camp and militia ordered to rendezvous at Trenton; and the ballots being taken, Jonathan B. Smith was elected. 2 September W, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Richard Varick, late captain in Colonel McDougall's regiment, which office he resigned, secretary to the hon- orable Major-General Schuyler, be appointed deputy muster-master- general to the northern army. October 7, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy muster-master-gen- eral for the flying camp, in the the room of Jonathan B. Smith; and the ballots being taken, William Davies was elected. 1 Resigned April 26, 1776, having been elected to represent Williamsburg in conven- tion. 2 Resigned September 27, 1776. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS. 633 Octobw 16, 1776. Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint . . . a deputy muster-master-general for the flying camp. October 21, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follow: . . . To the . . . deputjr muster-master-general, 6 rations. . . . November 7, 1776. Resolved, . . . 8. That the deputy muster-master-general in the Northern Department have the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States. April 4-, 1777. Resolved, That there be one Commissary -General of Musters for the Army of the United States: That there be four deputy muster-masters-general; That the said appointments be made by Congress; That one deputy muster-master be appointed to each grand division of the army, and that these appointments be made by the Commander in Chief; That the troops be mustered once in everj T month b} r the deputy muster-masters, and once, at least, in every three months the deputy muster-master-general of each department shall superintend at such musters; * * * That the deputy muster-master-general of each department return an abstract of each muster roll once a month to the deputy adjutant- general of that department, 1 and one other abstract to the Commissary- General of Musters; That the Commissary-General of Musters return to the Adjutant- General once a month an abstract of all the musters, regimentally digested, together with an abstract of the rations drawn or retained by the several regiments; * * . * That the pay of the Commissary -General of Musters be 60 dollars :i month and i rations a day; That the pay of the deputy muster-master-general be 50 dollars a month and 3 rations a day; That the pay of a muster-master be 35 a month and two rations a day. April 10, 1777. Resolved, That the Commissary-General of Musters have the rank of colonel in the Army of the United States; that the deputy muster- masters general have the rank of lieutenant-colonels in the Army of the United States. 1 Revoked by resolution of June 10, 1771 634 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY Congress proceeded to the election; and the ballots being taken, Joseph Ward, esq., was elected Commissary-General of Musters. Richard Varick and William Bradford, jr., were elected deputy muster-masters-general. May 2, 1777. Resolved, That all muster rolls directed to be taken be sworn to before some general officer of the Army, or in the absence of a gen- eral officer, before the commanding officer of the post where the muster is made, or some civil magistrate in the United States, and a certificate thereof be made on the back of each roll. . . . Resolved, That each deputy muster-master deliver to the deputy muster- master-general of his department one certified copy of all mus- ter rolls, by which the latter shall make the abstracts required from him. Resolved, That the commissary -general of musters and his deputies shall take an oath of office and fidelity to these United States. Resolved, That in the absence of the Commander in Chief from any department the deputy muster-masters shall be appointed by the com- mander in that department. Resolved, That the mustering officers be empowered and directed to require of the officers whose troops are mustered any papers or vouchers relative to the enlistment and muster. May U, 1777. Resolved, . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think proper . . . to the muster-master-general and his deputies: . . . Provided always, That if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general orders hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof. May 20, 1777. "Lewis Woodruff, esq., is appointed deputy muster-master." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) June 10, 1777. Resolved, . . . XXXIV. That no return's of rations drawn or returned by the several regiments be hereafter made ... to the commissary-general of musters, or by him to the adjutant-general . . . as directed in the regulations of the muster-master-general's department passed by Congress the 4th of April last. July 8, 1777. Resolved, That Robert Harrison, esq., be appointed to muster the said battalion [Maryland battalion of Continental troops commanded by Colonel Richardson] while employed in the service for which it is now destined; and that he be allowed a reasonable compensation for every muster which he shall perform. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF MUSTERS. 635 August 6, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary-general of musters be allowed here- after the pay and rations of a colonel; that the pay of his deputy commissaries be increased to 60 dollars a month, and that of the muster- masters to 45 dollars per month. Resolved, That the several muster-masters be directed to omit making returns to the paymaster and deputy paymasters-general. August 22, 1777. Resolved, That Lodowig Sprogle be empowered and directed to muster the militia of Pennsylvania instead of the deput} r muster- master-general, whose indisposition prevents his performing that service. October 10, 1777. Resolved, That John Montgomery, esq., at Carlisle, be, and he is hereby appointed and authorized to muster the two companies under the command of Major J. A. Wilson, for the discharge of which duty a reasonable allowance shall be made to him. October 20, 1777. Resolved, That Mr. William Massey be appointed deputy muster- master-general to the Continental troops raised or to be raised in the States of South Carolina and Georgia. January 13, 1778. Resolved, . . . That ... a deputy muster-master-general . . . be appointed to act pro tempore for the troops aforesaid [from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut constantly employed in Rhode Island for the defence of the State and of the Providence Plantations]; that the . . . deputy muster- master-general be appointed by the officer commanding at that post [Providence], and that each . . . take the oath of fidelity and office. . . . May 29, 1778. Resolved, That no person hereafter appointed upon the civil staff of the Army shall hold or be entitled to any rank in the Army by virtue of such staff appointment. March 16, 1779. The quartermaster-general was authorized to appoint a muster- master for the corps of wagoners; and, April 19, 1779, he was empowered to estahlish regulations, to be approved by the Commander in Chief, for the mustering of that corps. April 6, 1779. Congress proceeded to the election of deputy commissaries-general of musters in the room of Messrs. Bradford and Noarth, resigned; and the ballots being taken, Mr. Henry Rutgers, jr., and Mr. Azariah Horton were elected. December 24, 1779. "The honorable the board of war having procured a small supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers 636 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State, the clothier-general is to deliver them upon returns sighed by the . . . heads of the following corps and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of Novem- ber last. . . . Muster-masters." . . . {Orders, General Headquarters, Morris- town.) January 12, 1780. Resolved, That the mustering department be discontinued and the officers thereof discharged. And whereas the said commissary -general of musters has proved himself a good and faithful officer, and those who have been employed under him have given satisfaction in their offices: Resolved, That the said commissary-general of musters, and those officers who have continued in that department under him for eighteen months last past, shall be entitled to receive a sum equal to their pay respectively for the terms of twelve months from this day. Resolved, That in future the business of mustering the troops be performed by the inspectors of the Army, . . . February 7, 1780. Resolved, That the commissary-general of musters, his deputies and muster-masters, be allowed 100 dollars per month for each detained ration from the 18th of August last to the 12th of January last, when the department was discontinued, in like manner as officers of the line. October 12, 1781. Ordered, That it be recommended to the executive of the State of Massachusetts to settle with and pay the officers of the late mustering department within that State, that have not been settled with, by allow- ing them what their arrears of pay and year's advance was worth in specie at the time they respectively became due, and charge the same to the United States. THE COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. May 15, 1777. Elias Boudinot. May 11, 1778. Col. Francis Johnson. May 28, 1778. Maj. John Beatty. Apr. 15, 1780. Col. Joseph Ward. Sept. 15, 1780. Abraham Skinner. 637 COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. October 7, 1776. Resolved, That a commissary of prisoners of war be appointed in each of the United States. That the said commissaries be directed to make monthly returns of the state and conditions of the prisoners, under their respective care, to the Board of War. That the said commissaries be appointed by the respective States. December 27, 1776. Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to appoint a commissary of prisoners, . . . to fix their salaries, and return their names to Congress. * * * June 6, 1777. Resolved, . . . That a commission be granted to Elias Boudi- not, esq., as commissary-general of prisoners; the said commission to be dated the 15th day of May last, and Mr. Boudinot to be allowed the pay and rations of a colonel. That Elias Boudinot, commissary -general of prisoners, be empowered to appoint two deputy commissaries of prisoners; the said deputies to be allowed the pay and rations of majors. June 23, 1777. Resolved, That Elias Boudinot, esq., commissary -general of pris- oners, have power to appoint three deputies under him in addition to those he was heretofore authorized to appoint. That all commissaries or other persons in the several States having the custody or care of prisoners of war be obliged, at any time when required by the commissary -general of prisoners or his deputies, to deliver over to him or his deputies all such prisoners of war as are or shall be in their care or custody. June U, 1^77. Resolved, That the Board of War write to the commissary of pris- oners, instructing him to propose to the commissary of prisoners in New York that the prisoners of each party in the present war be sup- 639 640 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. plied with such provisions, clothing, or other necessaries during their captivity by the respective captors as may be approved by the deputy commissaries resident where the prisoners are confined, fixing in the contract the quantities and value of a ration of provisions, the clothing and necessaries to be charged at the current prices, and the account of such supplies to be rendered quarterly, and the balance paid, if required, in provisions at the current rates, if due from the American commis- sarj 7 , or in clothing .at the current price, if due from the British com- missary. Resolved, That the commissary of prisoners be empowered to make such contract on behalf of the United States of America, and to make such reasonable alterations from the directions of the Board of War as he may find necessary to obtain an equitable bargain for the mutual supply of prisoners. Resolved, That if the commissary -general of prisoners shall not be able to accomplish a contract on equitable principles within the space of three weeks from this date, he be authorized to send in a quantity of provisions to supply the prisoners of war taken by the enemy and now in New York; that the overplus provisions, beyond what the pris- oners want for their sustenance, be sold to supply them with clothing and other necessaries; and that it be recommended to the commissary- general of prisoners not to divulge this resolution, that unreasonable advantage may not be taken of it. October 4, 1777. Resolved, Thau the commissary of prisoners provide, under the direc- tion of the Board of War, log barracks for Continental prisoners of war that already are, or hereafter may be, sent to the Commonwealth of Virginia, at such place or places as the governor and council of that State shall approve; that in the construction thereof regard be had to the health and safekeeping of the prisoners, and that a convenient space of ground, surrounding or adjoining thereto, be set apart for benefit of air, and S3 enclosed as to prevent all intercourse with the inhabitants; that until such barracks be provided the prisoners be sent to the county lieutenants of Frederick and Augusta counties, in Vir- ginia, to be by them secured, at the Continental expense, in such man- ner as shall be suitable for prisoners of war, and until the governor and council of Virginia shall take further order therein. October 6, 1777. Resolved, That all masters, officers, and marines, and all subjects of the King of Great Britain, taken on board any prize made by any Con- tinental vessel of war be hereafter considered as prisoners of war and treated as such, and that the seamen and mariners of such prize be confined in the gaols or some other secure place in the States to which the prize shall be carried; and it is recommended to the several States to consider and treat all captains, officers, and mariners, and all sub- jects of the King of Great Britain, taken on board any prize made by any vessel fitted out by or carried into any State, by any privateer or letter of marque, as prisoners of war. Ordered, That the commissary -general of prisoners be informed of this resolve, and that he be directed to appoint a deputy in each State. COMMISSAKY-GENEEAL OF PKISONEES. 641 October BO, 1777. Resolved, That in case a sufficient number of laborers can not be procured to work the lead mines in the State of New York, the com- missary-general of prisoners be directed to furnish a competent num- ber of prisoners of war for that end. December 12, 1777. "Daniel Clymer, esq., is appointed deputy commissary of prisoners, to act in the absence of the commissary -general of prisoners." (Orders, General Headquarters, Sweedes' Ford. ) December 12, 1777. "David Klein, esq., is appointed deputy commissary of prison- ers, to act in the absence of the commissary -general of prisoners." (Orders, General Headquarters [on the march to Valley Forge].) Ja-.vuary 14, 1778. Resolved, That the order of the commissary of prisoners shall be a sufficient voucher to the commissary or deputy commissary-general of purchases for the delivery of provisions for the use of the prisoners of war. January 21, 1778. Resolved, . . . That the commissary-general of prisoners and his respective deputies be forthwith directed to call in all the officers and privates belonging to the enemy, and to confine them in such places and order them to be subsisted and treated in such manner as shall render their situation similar in all respects to that of the officers and privates who are prisoners with the enemy, and that they con- tinue this mode of treatment till such a time as a change of conduct on the part of the enemy shall induce Congress or the Commander in Chief of the armies of these States to give directions for a different line of conduct on their part. May 11, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of prisoners, in the room of Elias Boudinot, esq., resigned, and the ballots being taken, Colonel Francis Johnson was elected. May 21, 1778. Resolved, That the necessary contingent charges of executing the office of commissary -general of prisoners be allowed, over and above the present pay of Colonel Johnson. May 21, 1778. Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson was taken from the line because his health would not permit him to undergo the fatigues of active service; he was per- mitted by Congress to hold his rank, but no command in the line. May 23, he declined the appointment as it never was his wish to give up his rank in the line. May 28, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris- oners, and the ba'lot being taken, Major John Beatty was elected. S. Doc. 229 1 642 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ABMY. July 15, 1778. Resolved, That all prisoners taken or which may be taken by the squadron of His Most Christian Majesty, under the command of the Count d'Estaing, vice-admiral of France, be received by the commis- sary-general of prisoners, and that he provide for their safe custody and subsistence in like manner as hath been usual for the prisoners of these States. That he make monthly returns of all prisoners which shall be by him so received to the Board of War. That he make monthly returns to the Treasury of the accounts of all moneys expended for the purposes aforesaid, and that the prisoners be held at the disposal of His Most Christian Majesty, and subject to the orders of his excellency Mons. Count d'Estaing. July 30, 1778. Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be directed to engage in the Continental service all, or as many as he can, of the sea- men sent from New York by Admiral Gambier who shall appear to be effective or likely to be soon fit for service, and that he furnish such as will so engage with the means of travelling to Boston, where they are to be delivered to the commissioners of the Navy for the eastern district, to be shipped on board the Continental vessels of war fitting out at that port. August 4, 1778. Ordered, That the commissary-general of prisoners do from time to time, on the exchange of prisoners in the possession of the enemy, take proper care of those who shall appear to be in such ill state of health as to be unable to travel, either by sending them to a public hospital or, when that can not be readily effected, by appointing proper persons to take care of them on the easiest terms practicable, and that those who are able to travel be furnished with orders on the different com- missaries of issues on their way for such a number of rations as may be necessary for their support to their respective places of abode; also that the commissary of prisoners do keep exact accounts of the expenses attending them that belong to the different States and are not in the Continental service. September 11, 1778. Resolved, That Major-General Heath, with the concurrence of the council of the State of Massachusetts Bay, be authorized to remove the prisoners, under the convention of Saratoga, to such parts of the State of Massachusetts Bay as they can be most conveniently subsisted in. October 16, 1778. Resolved, That General Washington be directed, if neither of the alternatives [the British commander to grant passports to American vessels to transport provisions and fuel to Boston for the use of the prisoners or that he adopt measures for sending them ample supplies] mentioned in the above resolve have been complied with, to take the COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 643 necessary steps for removing, with all convenient speed, all the pris- oners of the convention of Saratoga to the town of Charlottesville, in the county of Albemarle, in the State of Virginia. * * * Resolved, That the Board of War appoint persons to superintend and take charge of the said prisoners; that they contract for the fuel for their use, and apply to the governor and council of Virginia for a sufficient force of militia to guard the said prisoners. That the commissary-general of purchases provide a suitable sup- ply of provisions for the said troops. That the commissary-general of issues appoint a suitable person to issue provisions to the said troops and to keep a regular account thereof. That regular accounts for provisions and fuel be made and trans- mitted from time to time to the Board of War. That the Board of War be directed to contract with a proper person to build temporary log barracks for the reception of the said troops at the place above mentioned on or before the 15th day of December next, and that they report to Congress the contract they may enter into. October M, 1778. Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be informea that Congress do not approve of partial or parole exchanges, but they are willing to make a general exchange of officers, whether of the con- vention [Saratoga] or otherwise, as far as numbers and rank will apply. November 7, 1778. Resolved, That the commissaiy-general of prisoners be directed to take proper measures, until the further order of Congress, for the temporary supply of the British prisoners of war captivated by the Army of the United States, with such quotas of rations as are fur- nished our prisoners in the hands of the enemy by the British com- missaries. * * * Ordered, That the Secretary furnish the commissary-general of prisoners with the copy of the letter of January 19th, 1778, from Sir William Howe to General Washington, with the papers enclosed, specifying the quota of rations furnished to our prisoners in the enemy's hands by the British commissaries. November 7, 1778. Commissaries of purchases and supplies and issues were directed to comply with requisitions made upon them by the commissary -general of prisoners. January 9, 1779. Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be furnished with money, from time to time, by the Board of Treasury, for the purpose or subsisting the officers and soldiers of the United States while in captivity, and in the actual possession of the enemy, and to accommodate them with sufficient sums, on account, to defray their travelling expenses to their homes or regiments. That the accounts of all prisoners who shall hereafter be released from captivity, for the pay and subsistence due to them while in the 644 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GEKERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY. actual possession of the enemy, be received and adjusted by the said commissary-general, who, after charging them with the moneys he shall have supplied to them, shall certify the sums due thereon to the paymaster-general, the deputy paymaster-general of any military department, or paymaster of the Board of War and Ordnance, as shall be most convenient for the prisoners respectively, which sums shall be paid by the said paymasters upon warrants to be given for the same, as usual for other payments made by them. * * * That, for defraying the expenses of officers and soldiers released from captivity, on their way home, or to join their regiments, the said commissary-general of prisoners, ... in settling the accounts aforesaid, make an allowance of one day's pay and rations for every twenty miles such officers and soldiers had or have to travel to their homes, in case of the expiration of their time of service, or release on parole, or if otherwise, to join their regiments. * * * That the commissary -general of prisoners be allowed a clerk to enable him to perform the extra duty above assigned to him, to assist in the usual business of his department, and perform the duties and receive the pay ?nd rations of a deputy commissary of prisoners. January 23, 1779. Resolved, That the commissary of prisoners reside at the head- quarters of the Army; that he shall make no exchange of prisoners but such as shall be directed by Congress, the Board of War, or Com- mander in Chief, or, with respect to marine prisoners, by the marine committee. That in future instructions respecting his department shall be trans- mitted to him through the Commander in Chief. That whenever the commissary shall think it necessary to send a flag into the enemy's lines with provisions for the prisoners or on any other business, he shall make application to the Commander in Chief, who will judge of the cause and propriety in point of time and other cir- cumstances. March 16, 1779. Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. April 8, 1779. Resolved, . . . That effectual provision be made by a com- missary of prisoners for supplying such of our people as remain unexchanged. That a deputy commissary of prisoners be appointed for the southern army by the commanding officer thereof. April 8, 1779. Until the establishment of a cartel for general exchange the com- manding officer of the southern army was authorized to exchange prisoners of war. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 645 June 7, 1779. Resolved, That the commissary -general of prisoners be authorized, from time to time, to pay to the order of officers and soldiers in cap- tivity, an}' sums not exceeding the amount of their pay and sub- sistence, in order to enable them to assist their families, and that he make monthly returns to the Paymaster-General of their accounts, respectively. August 19, 1779. Resolved, That the pay and subsistence of a colonel in the line be allowed to the commissary-general of prisoners. Resolved, That he be entitled to draw yearly from the stores of the clothier-general a full suit of clothes on the same terms as officers of the line receive the clothing furnished pursuant to the resolution of Congress, November the 26th, 1777. September 1, 1779. Congress authorized the commissary-general of purchases to appoint a deputy for the especial purpose of providing for the troops of the conven- tion of Saratoga and their guards during their stay in Virginia. October 18, 1779. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to give the necessary order . . . for supplying the convention troops with.rations of Indian meal in lieu of flour. . . . November 16, 1779. Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be directed, until the further order of Congress, to make the same provision for the Spanish prisoners in New York as is made for the prisoners of the United States, keeping a separate account thereof. January 13, 1780. Resolved, That all prisoners of war, whether captivated by the Army or Navy of the United States, or by the subjects, troops, or ships of any particular State, shall be delivered into the care and custody of the commissary-general of prisoners, his deputies or assistants, and be deemed and treated in all respects as prisoners of war to the United States. That it be earnestly recommended to the governments of the respective States that they make no exchanges of prisoners, to the intent that all exchanges may be made through the commissary -general of prisoners, by direction of Congress or the Commander in Chief or board of admiralty, and when prisoners are taken by the particular subjects, troops, or vessels of any State not in the service of the United States, or by private ships or vessels of war fitted out in any particular State, these shall be first exchanged, so far as is necessary, tor the subjects or inhabitants of the same State taken by the sub jects, adherents, ships, or vessels of the enemy, and the overplus, if any, shall go towards redeeming the prisoners in the hands of the enemy, without regard to their being subjects or inhabitants of any particular State. 646 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OE GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY. That all masters or commanders of private ships or vessels of war shall take the utmost care to bring into port all prisoners captivated by them. And if from necessity they shall be obliged to dismiss any prisoners at sea, they shall, on return from their cruise, make report thereof, on oath, to the judge of the admiralty of the State to which they belong, or in which they arrive, within 20 days after their arrival, with their reasons for such dismission. And if the judge shall not be satisfied with the reasons assigned, or if it shall appear that the prisoners were discharged to avoid the trouble and expense of bring- ing them into port and delivering them into custody, or in any wise unnecessarily, then the judge shall transmit an account thereof to the executive of the State, who are requested to examine into the matter and vacate the commission granted to the said delinquent master or commander of the ship or vessel if they are of the opinion that such dismission was improper. That all prisoners of war captivated by private ships or vessels of war be delivered by and at the expense of the masters or owners of such ships or vessels to a commissary of prisoners nearest the place of tjieir landing, or into the nearest county gaol, on pain of forfeiture of the commission granted to such private ship or vessel. That on such delivery of the prisoners into the gaol the gaoler shall be obliged to inform the government of the State wherein the said prisoners are landed, or, in case of their residence at too great a dis- tance, the # lieutenant or commanding officer of the militia of the count}' wherein such prisoners are landed, the commissary-general of pris- oners, or his deputy; that if the said prisoners are not deemed by the executive of the State, or the said commanding officer of the militia, to be in a place of sufficient security, they may be removed under proper guards to a place or places of greater safety at the expense of the United States. And the executive powers of the respective States are requested to give the necessary orders to the commanding officers of militia on this subject, and to pay the expenses of escorting and transporting the prisoners, charging the same to the United States. The said executives are also requested to give orders to the officers of their militia to take immediate charge of all prisoners of war capti- vated by the ships and vessels of war belonging to the United States or to any particular State, and to convey them, at the expense of the United States, to the nearest commissary of prisoners, or to the county gaol, and also direct the like steps to be taken in regard to their removal to places of greater safety, as is provided in the case of pris- oners captured by private vessels. That it be recommended to the legislatures of the respective States effectually to provide, at the expense of the United States, for the delivery and safe-keeping of all prisoners captivated by their respec- tive subjects out of vessels stranded or cast on shore on their coasts, obliging the parties taking prisoners to deliver them to the nearest commissary of prisoners or into the nearest gaol in case no commissary of prisoners is stationed within convenient distance to the place of capture, and in case of neglect or misconduct in the persons so taking the prisoners, that they forfeit all right to the vessel, her tackle, apparel, and furniture so cast on shore, or the property they may save or be otherwise entitled to out of such vessel, or imposing such other penalty as the said legislatures shall respectively think proper. That it be recommended to the said legislatures to provide and COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 647 direct that all gaolers receive and deliver prisoners of war without charging any fee or reward to the persons delivering them into or taking them by proper authority out of their custody, the reasonable expenses of supporting such prisoners in gaol to be paid by the government of the State wherein they shall be confined and charged to the United States, except where they can and shall be otherwise provided for by the proper officer in the service of the United States. And the gaoler shall transmit a copj r of his charges against the United States for account of prisoners of war to the commissary-general of prisoners, or his nearest deputy, when any prisoners leave the gaol, either for removal to places of greater security or for exchange. That prisoners of war, either on their march or in confinement, be furnished with only two-thirds of a soldier's ration. That none but sick or wounded prisoners be allowed carriages at public expense. That all prisoners on parole pay their own expenses, and such expenses shall be paid before they shall be exchanged. That all officers, prisoners of war to the United States, unless in hospitals, pay their physicians, surgeons, and attendants. That the commissary -general of prisoners and his deputies make regular monthly returns to the Board of War of the numbers, situa- tion, and exchanges of all prisoners under their charge, and that they also give the saia board such occasional information of all material transactions in their department as circumstances from time to -time render necessary, or when they shall be required by the board to do so, under pain of being suspended or dismissed by the said board. That all exchanges of prisoners made in consequence of the fore- going resolutions shall be soldier for soldier and sailor for sailor. March SI, 1780. Congress accepted the resignation of John Beatty, commissary- general of prisoners. April 15, 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris- oners, and, the ballots being taken, Colonel Joseph Ward was elected. July 15, 1780. Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sep- arate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag- gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: * * * Commissary of prisoners, 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses. * * * Deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army, 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses. * * * Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations, there be issued to ... ; com- missary of prisoners two; deputy commissary of prisoners with a sep- arate army, two; deputy serving with the main army, one; . . . 648 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 5, 1780. Resolved, That Captain George Turner be discharged from the office of commissary of prisoners, . . . Resolved, That Brig. General Moultrie be, and hereby is, authorized to appoint a suitable person to act as commissary of prisoners in Charleston and return the name of the person appointed to Congress for their approbation, if they shall judge proper. August 7, 1780. Ordered, That General Washington take the necessary steps for establishing a resident commissary of prisoners at New York, and Major-General Gates another in South Carolina or Georgia, to have the care of prisoners in those places, according to the usage and cus- toms of war. August m, 1780. Ordered, That Brig. General Moultrie make return of the person whom he shall appoint commissary of prisoners in Charleston to Major-General Gates or the commanding officer in the Southern Department for his approbation ; and so much of the resolution of the 5th as requires Brig. General Moultrie to make return to Congress be, and is hereby, repealed. September 15, 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of pris- oners; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. Abraham Skinner was elected, having been previously nomi- nated by Mr. Henry. October 9, 1780. Resolved, That the agent for Continental prisoners at New York be, and hereby is, directed to issue supplies to the navy prisoners in the same manner as to those of the land army, as practiced by him here- tofore; and that he make distinct returns to the Board of Admiralty of all supplies by him issued to the navy prisoners, distinguishing those in Continental service from those in private ships of war, and the respective ships and States to which the latter belonged when taken. October 19, 1780. General Washington was authorized to carry out his proposals for appointing a commissary of prisoners to reside with the American and British armies, respectively, or to make such other agreement as he shall judge proper for the appointment of commissaries of prisoners. February 5, 1781. Ordered, That the medical committee give the directions necessary for . . . removing the sick from the new gaol in their city to some proper place to be provided as a hospital for prisoners. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OP PRISONERS. 649 March S, 1781. Ordered, That the convention prisoners, as well in the State of Maryland as Virginia, be removed, the British to Yorktown, and the Germans to Lancaster, in the State of Pennsylvania, or such other place or places within the said State as the executive thereof shall direct; and that it be, and hereby is, recommended to the executive of the State of Virginia to superintend the removal, safe-keeping, and supply of the Germans to Noland's Ferry, on Potomac River; from which place it is recommended to the executive of the State of Mary- land to superintend their removal, safe-keeping, and supply to the borders of that State, and to continue their guard to Lancaster, the State of Pennsylvania furnishing the necessary supplies; that it be, and it is, also recommended to the State of Maryland to provide a guard and furnish the supplies for the convention prisoners to be removed from Fredericktown to Yorktown, the guard to continue on to York- town, but the supplies, after entering Pennsylvania, to be furnished by that State; that the executive of the State of Pennsylvania be, and hereby is, requested to order the supplies agreeably to the above resolutions and make the necessary preparations for the reception of prisoners at the towns or places assigned as aforesaid, and upon their arrival at those places, respectively, the Board of War take order for their future security and supply. September 18, 1781. Resolved, That the Board of War be, and are hereby, directed to set apart 500 British prisoners, including a due proportion of officers, to whom exchange shall be denied, until the American prisoners now in Great Britain be returned to these States by exchange or otherwise. That the Board of War report a plan and an estimate of the expense for erecting Symsbury mines, in the State of Connecticut, into a State prison for the reception of British prisoners of war, and for the pur- pose of retaliation. September 25, 1781. "The deputy commissary of prisoners will report to head- quarters all prisoners of war immediately after their capture." {Orders, General Headquarter 8, WUliamsburgh. ) October 16, 1781. Congress declared that their order of August 5, 1780, for the dis- charge of Capt. George Turner, did not proceed from any malpractice or dishonorable procedure on his part. November 23, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance and Board of War be, and hereby are, authorized and directed to take immediate order for the safe-keeping and support of the prisoners of war in the possession of the United States, so as to ensure their safety as much as may be, and to render their support less burthensome to the finances of these States. April 10, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the commissary -general of prisoners, so far as respects the securing of military prisoners and making returns of them, take his directions from the Secretary at War. * * * That the care and direction of prisoners of war be vested in the Secretary at War, so bur u respects their safe-keeping. 650 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF tT. S. ARMY. April 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced, . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army and be entitled to the full paj r and subsistence be- longing to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . . July 3, 1782. Resolved, That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, author- ized and empowered to cause courts-martial to be forthwith holden on the several commissaries and assistant commissaries of prisoners, at York, Reading, and Lancaster for disobedience of orders and neglect of duty in suffering the escape of prisoners at those posts; And that the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint proper persons to take charge of the prisoners of war at the said places until the said commissaries shall be discharged from their arrest or Congress shall otherwise direct. July 2J h 1782. Resolved, That all resolutions and appointments respecting the department of the commissary-general of prisoners be, ana hereby are repealed. That the commander in chief be, and hereby is, empowered to appoint, from time to time, a commissary of prisoners, who shall be subject to his orders and instructions. That the commanding officer of the southern army have also power to appoint from time to time a commissary of prisoners, who shall be subject to his orders and instructions. That the power of negotiating the exchange of marine prisoners be henceforth vested in the agent of marine, who is hereby authorized to appoint a commissary for marine prisoners, to be subject to his orders and instructions. That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, authorized from time to time to appoint so many persons as he may find necessary to assist him in superintending and safe-keeping all prisoners of war, reporting such appointments to Congress as soon as they shall be made. That the Secretary at War direct returns to be made once in every three months (or oftener if applied for) to the commander in chief of all land prisoners, and to the agent of marine of all marine prisoners, who shall be under his charge. That the pay of the commissaries for the Army shall be 75 dollars per month each, and they shall each be allowed two rations of provi- sions per day and 12f dollars per month subsistence, and also 6f dollars per month each for a servant, for whom they shall draw from the public the clothing and ration allowed to a private soldier, together with forage for two horses each, which pay and allowance shall include what they may be entitled to from the public as officers in the Army. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 651 That the commissary to be appointed by the agent of marine shall receive in full for his services, including any pay or allowances that he may be entitled to as an officer of the United States, the sum of 1,200 dollars per annum. That the allowance of pay and rations to the persons to be appointed by the Secretary at War to assist him in superintending and safe- keeping prisoners of war shall not exceed 40 dollars per month and four rations per day, or subsistence equivalent, including what they may be entitled to as officers of the Army. September 22, 1782. "By virtue of the power vested in the Commander in Chief by the resolve of the honorable the Congress of the 24th July last, Lieut. Col. Wm. S. Smith is appointed commissary of prisoners to the army in this quarter." (Orders, General Headquarters, Verplanck , s Point.) October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, . . . * * * Commissary of prisoners, one two-horse wagon. Deputy commissary of prisoners, southern army, one two-horse wagon. * * * That there be allowed for saddle horses * * * Commissary of prisoners, 2 rations. Deputy with a separate army, 2 rations. * * STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 777). AN ACT for the safe-keeping and accommodation of prisoners of war. 1 That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to make such regulations and arrangements for the safe-keeping, support, and exchange of prisoners of war as he may deem expedient, until the same shall be otherwise provided for my law; . . . 1 Repealed by act of March 3, 1817 (3-358). BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. May 12, 1865. Maj. Oliver O. Howard (Maine), Commissioner. June 30, 1872. Bureau discontinued. 653 BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1865 {13 Stats., 507). AX ACT to establish a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees. That there is hereby established in the War Department, to continue during the present war of rebellion and for one year thereafter, a Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, to which shall be committed, as hereinafter provided, the supervision and manage- ment of all abandoned lands and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and freedmen from rebel States, or from any district of country within the territory embraced in the operations of the Army, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the head of the Bureau and approyed by the President. The said Bureau shall be under the management and control of a commissioner, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, whose compensation shall be three thousand dollars per annum, and such number of clerks as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of War, not exceeding one chief clerk, two of the fourth class, two of the third class, and five of the first class. And the commissioner, and all persons appointed under this act, shall, before entering upon their duties, take the oath of office prescribed in an act entitled "An act to prescribe an oath of office, and for other purposes," approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two; and the commissioner and chief clerk shall, before entering upon their duties, give bonds to the Treasurer of the United States, the former in the sum of fifty thousand dollars and the latter in the sum of ten thousand dollars, conditioned for the faithful discharge of their duties, respectively, with securities to be approved as sufficient by the Attorney -General, which bonds shall be filed in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury, to be by him put in suit for the benefit of any injured party upon any breach of the conditions thereof. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War may direct such issues of pro- visions, clothing, and fuel as he may deem needful for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children, under such rules and regu- lations as he may direct. Sue. 3. That the President may, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an assistant commissioner for each of the States declared to be in insurrection, not exceeding ten in number, who shall, under the direction of the commissioner, aid in the execution of the 655 656 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. provisions of this act, and he shall give a bond to the Treasurer of the United States in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the form and manner prescribed in the first section of this act. Each of said com- missioners shall receive an annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars in full compensation for all his services. And anj r military officer may be detailed and assigned to duty under this act without increase of pay or allowances. The commissioner shall, before the commencement of each regular session of Congress, make full report of his proceedings, with exhibits of the state of his accounts, to the President, who shall communicate the same to Congress, and shall also make special reports whenever required to do so by the President or either House of Congress; and the assistant commissioners shall make quarterly reports of their proceedings to the commissioner, and also such other special reports as from time to time may be required. Sec. 4. That the commissioner, under the direction of the Presi- dent, shall have authority to set apart for the use of loyal refugees and freedmen such tracts of land within the insurrectionary States as shall have been abandoned, or to which the United States shall have acquired title by confiscation or sale, or otherwise; and to every male citizen, whether refugee or freedmen as aforesaid, there shall be assigned not more than fort} 7 acres of such land, and the person to whom it was so assigned shall be protected in the use and enjoyment of the land for the term of three years, at an annual rent not exceed- ing six per centum upon the value of such land as it was appraised by the State authorities in the year eighteen hundred and sixty for the purpose of taxation, and in case no such appraisal can be found, then the rental shall be based upon the estimated value of the land in said year, to be ascertained in such manner as the commissioner may by regulation prescribe. At the end of said term, or at any time during said term, the occupants of any parcels so assigned may purchase the land, and receive such title thereto as the United States can convey, upon paying therefor the value of the land as ascertained and fixed for the purpose of determining the annual rent aforesaid. Act of July 16, 1866 (U Stats., 173). AN ACT to continue in force and to amend "An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees," and for other purposes. That the act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty -five, shall continue in force for the term of two years from and after the passage of this act. Sec. 2. That the supervision and care of said Bureau shall extend to all loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall be neces- sary to enable them as speedily as practicable to become self-support- ing citizens of the United States, and to aid them in making the freedom conferred by proclamation of the Commander in Chief, by emancipation under the laws of States, and by constitutional amend- ment, available to them and beneficial to the Republic. Sec. 3. That the President shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addition to those authorized by the act to which this is an amendment, who shall give BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 657 like bonds and receive the same annual salaries provided in said act; and each of the assistant commissioners of the Bureau shall have charge of one district containing such refugees or freedmen, to be assigned him b} T the commissioner, with the approval of the President. And the commissioner shall, under the direction of the President, and so far as the same shall be, in his judgment, necessary for the efficient and economical administration of the affairs of the Bureau, appoint such agents, clerks, and assistants as may be required for the proper conduct of the Bureau. Military officers or enlisted men may be detailed for service and assigned to duty under this act, and the Presi- dent may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do, detail from the Army all the officers and agents of this Bureau; but no officer so assigned shall have increase of pay or allowances. Each agent or clerk, not heretofore authorized by law, not being a military officer, shall have an annual salary of not less than five hundred dollars nor more than twelve hundred dollars, according to the service required of him. And it shall be the duty of the commissioner, when it can be done consistently with public interest, to appoint, as assistant com- missioners, agents, and clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty by faithful service in the armies of the Union during the rebellion. And all persons appointed to service under this act and the act to which this is an amendment shall be so far deemed in the military service of the United States as to be under the military jurisdiction and entitled to the military protection of the Government while in the discharge of the duties of their office. Sec. 4. That officers of the Veteran Keserve Corps or of the volun- teer service now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in other capacities, whose regiments or corps have been or may hereafter be mustered out of service, may be retained upon such duty as officers of said Bureau, with the same compensation as is now provided by law for their respective grades; and the Secretary of War shall have power to fill vacancies until other officers can be detailed in their places without detriment to the public service. Sec. 5. That the second section of the act to which this is an amend- ment shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to issue such medical stores or other supplies and transportation and afford such medical or other aid as may be needful for the purposes named in said section: Provided, That no person shall be deemed " destitute," "suf-. fering," or "dependent upon the Government for support," within the meaning of this act, who is able to find employment, and could, by proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution, suffering, or dependence. * * * Sec. 9. That the assistant commissioners for South Carolina and Georgia are hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in their n -pective States which are claimed under the provisions of General Sherman's special field order, and to give each person having a valid claim a warrant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Carolina for twenty acres of land, and the said direct tax commissioners shall issue to every person, or to his or her heirs, but in no case to any assigns, presenting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land, as provided for in section seven, for the term of six years; but at any time thereafter, upon the payment of a sum not exceeding one dollar S. Doc. 229 42 658 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. and fifty cents per acre, the person holding such lease shall be entitled to a certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres from the direct tax commissioners or such officer as may be authorized to issue the same; but no warrant shall be held valid longer than two years after the issue of the same. * * * Sec. 12. That the commissioner shall have power to seize, hold, use, lease, or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands appertaining to the same, or otherwise, formerly held under color of title by the late so-called Confederate States, and not heretofore disposed of by the United States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for the same by any person or persons, and to use the same or appropriate the proceeds derived therefrom to the education of the freed people; and whenever the Bureau shall cease to exist such of said so-called Confederate States as shall have made provision for the education of their citizens with- out distinction of color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended of such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed among said States for educational purposes in proportion to their population. Sec. 13. That the commissioner of this Bureau shall at all times cooperate with private benevolent associations of citizens in aid of f reedmen, and with agents and teachers duly accredited and appointed by them, and shall hire or provide by lease buildings for purposes of education whenever such association shall, without cost to the Govern- ment, provide suitable teachers and means of instruction; and he shall furnish such protection as may be required for the safe conduct of such schools. Sec. 14. That in every State or district where the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be fully restored, and in every State or district whose constitutional relations to the Government have been practically dis- continued by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been restored in such relations and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, the right to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, and to have full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings concerning personal liberty, personal security, and the acquisition, enjoyment, ana disposition of estate, real and personal, including the constitutional right to bear arms, shall be secured to and enjoyed by all the citizens of such State or district, with- out respect to race or color or previous condition of slavery. And when- ever in either of said States or districts the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be fully restored, and until such State shall have been restored in its constitutional relations to the Government and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, the President shall, through the commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and under such rules and regulations as the President, through the Secretary of War, shall prescribe, extend military protection and have military jurisdic- tion over all cases and questions concerning the free enjoyment of such immunities and rights; and no penalty or punishment for any violation of law shall be imposed or permitted because of race or color or previous condition of slavery, other or greater than the penalty or punishment to which white persons may be liable by law for the like offense. But the jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the officers of the bureau shall not exist in any State where the ordinary course of BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 659 judicial proceedings has not been interrupted by the rebellion, and shall cease in every State when the courts of the State and the United States are not disturbed in the peaceable course of justice, and after such State shall be fully restored in its constitutional relations to the Government and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States. Sec. 15. That all officers, agents, and employees of this bureau, before entering upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath pre- scribed in the first section of the act to which this is an amendment, and all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. Act of March 2, 1867 (U Stats., 486). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other purposes. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty ... of the Freedmen's Bureau to prohibit and prevent whipping or maiming of the person as a punishment for any crime, misdemeanor, or offense, by any pre- tended civil or military authority in any State lately in rebellion until the civil government of such State shall have been restored and shall have been recognized by the Congress of the United States. Act of March 2, 1867 {14 Stats., 546). AN ACT to regulate the disposition of an irregular fund in the custody of the Freedmen's Bureau. Whereas the Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands reports a retained bounty fund, derived from a portion of the State bounties of certain colored soldiers enlisted in Virginia and North Carolina during the years eighteen hundred and sixty-four and eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and by virtue of General Order Number Ninety, Department of Virginia and North ( urolina, series of eighteen hundred and sixty-four, holden by the superintendent of freedmen's affairs, but turned over to the said freed- men's bureau upon its organization; and whereas the said commissioner has in his possession the names of those soldiers from whom the .said money was taken; and whereas he has uniformly returned the same upon the application or discovery of legal representatives, but retains a considerable portion thereof belonging to soldiers who are either deceased or who can not be found: Therefore, That the said Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, or his successor in office, be, and he is hereby, constituted the lawful custodian of said retained bounty fund, and appointed trustee of the same for the benefit of said colored soldiers or their lawful representatives. Sec. 2. That the said commissioner be, and he is hereby, specially authorized and empowered to invest the said fund, or any portion thereof, in bonds or the United States for the exclusive benefit of the said colored soldiers or their legal representatives: Pronh/nl, however, That a sufficient amount of the same in cash be retained uninvested to 660 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. meet all lawful claims thereupon that will probably be presented for payment: And provided farther, That any portion of the said fund which may remain unexpended when the said bureau shall cease to exist shall be accounted for b}^ said commissioner to the Treasury of the United States. Resolution of March 29, 1867 (15 Stats., 26). A RESOLUTION in reference to the collection and payment of moneys due colored soldiers, sailors, and marines, or their heire. Resolvedby the Senate and House of Representatives oftlce United States of America in Congress assembled, That all checks and treasury certifi- cates to be issued in the settlement of claims for pay, bounty, prize monej', or other moneys due to colored soldiers, sailors, or marines, or their legal representatives now residing, or who may have resided, in any State in which slavery existed in the year eighteen hundred and sixty, the claim for which has been or may be prosecuted by an agent or attorney, shall be made payable to the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, who shall pay the said agent or attorney his lawful fees and expenses, and shall hold the balance subject to the order of the claimants on satisfactory identification; but no money shall be paid to any person except the claimant or his or her legal representatives, if deceased; nor shall any power of attorney, transfer, or assignment of the amount of said claims, or any part thereof, be recognized or allowed hy the commissioner, or by any officer or agent acting under him; and it shall be the duty of the said commissioner, the officers and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau, to facilitate as far as possible the discovery, identification, and payment of the claimants. Sec. 9,. And be it further resolved, That the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau shall be held responsible for the safe custody and faithful disbursement of the funds herebv intrusted to him. . . . Resolution of March 30, 1867 (IS Stats., 28). A RESOLUTION for the relief of the destitute in the Southern and Southwestern States. Resolvedby the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and hereby is, empowered and directed to issue supplies of food sufficient to prevent starvation and extreme want to ai^ and all classes of des- titute or helpless persons of the people in those Southern and South- western States where a failure of the crops and other causes have occasioned widespread destitution ; that the issues be through the Freed- men's Bureau, under such regulations as the Secretary of War shall prescribe. And to that end the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed, through the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, to apply so much as he may deem necessary for the purposes aforesaid of the unexpended moneys heretofore appropriated to supply freedmen and refugees with provisions or rations: Provided, That the expendi- ture shall not extend beyond the present appropriations already made for the Freedmen's Bureau. BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 661 Resolution of January 31, 1868 (15 Stats., 21/fi). JOINT RESOLUTION for the relief of destitute persons in the South. That the Secretary of War be hereby authorized to issue, for the relief of any and all classes of destitutes in the South, such desiccated potatoes and desiccated mixed vegetables as have accumulated during; the war and are not needed for use in the Army; the same to be issued under the direction of the commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. March 10, 1868 (15-41)- Commissioner of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands charged with expenditure of the $15,000 appropriated for the relief of the destitute in the District of Columbia. Act of July 6, 1868 (IS Stats., 83). AN ACT to continue the Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees, and for other purposes. That the act entitled " An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees," approved March three, eighteen hundred and sixty -five, and the act entitled "An act to continue in force and to amend 'An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,' and for other purposes," passed on the sixteenth of July, anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-six, shall continue in force for the term of one year from and after the sixteenth of July, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty -eight, excepting so far as the same shall be herein modified. And the Secretary of War is hereb}^ directed to reestablish said bureau where the same has been wholly or in part discontinued: Provided, [That] he shall be satisfied that the personal safety of freedmen shall require it. Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of War to dis- continue the operations of the bureau in any State whenever such State shall be full}' restored in its constitutional relations with the Government of the United States, and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, unless, upon advising with the com- missioner of the bureau, and upon full consideration of the condition of freedmen's affairs in such State, the Secretary of War shall be of opinion that the further continuance of the bureau shall be necessary: Provided, however, That the educational division of said bureau shall not be affected, or in any way interfered with, until such State shall have made suitable provision for the education of the children of freedmen within said State. Sec. 3. That unexpended balances in the hands of the commissioner not required otherwise for the due execution of the law may be, in the discretion of the commissioner, applied for the education of freedmen and refugees, subject to the provisions of laws applicable thereto. Sec. 4. That officers of the Veteran Reserve Corps, or of the volun- teer service, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant com- missioners, agents, medical ofticers, or in other capacities, who have been or may l>e mustered out of service, may be retained by the com- missioner, when the same shall be required for the proper execution of the laws, as officers of the bureau, upon such duty and with the same pay, compensation, and all allowances, from the date of their appointment, as now provided by law for their respective grades and 662 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. duties at the dates of their muster out and discharge; and such officers so retained shall have, respectively, the same authority and jurisdiction as now conferred upon 'officers of the bureau" by act of Congress passed on the sixteenth of July, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty -six. Sec. 5. That the commissioner is hereby empowered to sell for cash, or by installments with ample security, school buildings and other buildings constructed for refugees and freedmen by the bureau, to the associations, corporate bodies, or trustees who now use them for pur- poses of education or relief of want, under suitable guarantees that the purposes for which such buildings were constructed shall be observed: Provided, That all funds derived therefrom shall be returned to the bureau appropriation and accounted for to the Treasury of the United States. Act of July 25, 1868 (15 Stats., 193). AN ACT relating to the Freedmen's Bureau, and providing for its discontinuance. That the duties and powers of Commissioner of the Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees shall continue to be discharged by the present commissioner of the bureau, and in case of vacancy in said office occurring by reason of his death or resignation, the same shall be filled by appointment of the President on the nomination of the Secretary of War, and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and no officer of the Army shall be detailed for service as commissioner or shall enter upon the duties of commissioner unless appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and all assistant commis- sioners, agents, clerks, and assistants shall be appointed by the Secre- tary of War, on the nomination of the commissioner of the bureau. In case of vacancy in the office of commissioner happening during the recess of the Senate, the duties of commissioner shall be discharged by the acting assistant adjutant-general of the bureau until such vacancy can be filled. Sec. 2. That the commissioner of the bureau shall, on the first day of January next, cause the said bureau to be withdrawn from the sev- eral States within which said bureau has acted, and its operations shall be discontinued. But the educational department of the said bureau, and the collection and payment of moneys due the soldiers, sailors, and marines, or their heirs, shall be continued as now provided by law until otherwise ordered by act of Congress. Act of April 7, 1869 (16 Stats., 8). AN ACT relating to freedmen's hospitals. That the commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen is authorized and directed to continue the freedmen's hospitals at Rich- mond, Virginia; Vicksburg, Mississippi; and in the District of Colum- bia, including the asylum for aged and infirm freedmen and for orphan children: Provided, That the expense thereof shall be paid by the com- missioner out of moneys heretofore appropriated for the use of the bureau: And provided further, That said hospitals shall be discon- tinued as soon as may be practicable in the discretion of the President of the United States. BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 668 Act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stats., 347). ! AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for other purposes. * * Bureauof * Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. . . . Pro- vided, That the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands shall be discontinued from and after June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy -two. . . . * * * December 15, 1877 {20-7) . In the event of the work of collecting and paying bounty and other claims of colored soldiers and sailors not being finished before January 1, 1879, the bureau to be closed and all papers connected therewith to be turned over to the Paymaster-General. 'The unfinished business of the bureau was turned over to the Adjutant-General July 1, 1872. The bureau of colored troops, in his office, was finally closed June 30, 1879. PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL'S BUREAU. Mar. 17, 1863. Col. (Brig. Gen., April 21, 1864) James B. Fry (Illinois). Aug. 28, 1866. Bureau discontinued. 665 PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 731). AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That for greater convenience in enrolling, calling out, and organizing the national forces, and for the arrest of deserters and spies of the enenry, the United States shall be divided into districts, of which the District of Columbia shall constitute one, each Territory of the United States shall constitute one or more, as the President shall direct, and each Congressional district of the respective States, as fixed by a law of the State next preceding the enrollment, shall constitute one: Provided, That in States which have not by their laws been divided into two or more Congressional districts, the President of the United States shall divide the same into so many enrollment districts as he may deem fit and convenient. Sec. 5. That for each of said districts there shall be appointed by the President a provost-marshal, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry, or an officer of said rank shall be detailed by the President, who shall be under the direction and subject to the orders of a Provost-Martial-General, appointed or detailed by the President of the United States, whose office shall be at the seat of gov- ernment, forming a separate bureau of the War Department, and whose rank, pay, and emoluments shall be those of a colonel of cavalry. Sec. 6. That it shall be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War, to make rules and regula- tions for the government of his subordinates; to furnish them with the names and residences of all deserters from the Army, or any of the land forces in the service of the United States, including the militia, when reported to him by the commanding officers; to com- municate to them all orders of the President in reference to calling out the national forces; to furnish proper blanks and instructions for enrolling and drafting; to file and preserve copies of all enrollment lists; to require stated reports of all proceedings on the part of his subordi- nates; to audit all accounts connected witn the service under his direc- tion; and to perform such other duties as the President may prescribe in carrying out the provisions of this act. Sec. 7. That it shall be the duty of the provost -marshals to arrest all deserters, whether regulars, volunteers, militiamen, or persons called into the service under this or any other act of Congress, wher- ever they may be found, and to send them to the nearest military commander or military post; to detect, seize, and confine spies of the 667 668 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF CI. S. ARMY. enemy, who shall, without unreasonable delay, be delivered to the cus- tody of the general commanding the department in which they may be arrested, to be tried as soon as the exigencies of the service permit; to obey all lawful orders and regulations of the Provost-Marshal- General, and such as may be prescribed by law, concerning the enroll- ment and calling into service of the national forces. Sec. 8. That in each of said districts there shall be a board of enrollment, to be composed of the provost-marshal, as president, and two other persons, to be appointed by the President of the United States, one of whom shall be a licensed and practicing physician and surgeon. Sec. 9. That it shall be the duty of the said board to divide the dis- tricts into subdistricts of convenient size, if they shall deem it neces- sary, not exceeding two, without the direction of the Secretary of Wai , and to appoint, on or before the tenth day of March next, and in each alternate year thereafter, an enrolling officer for each subdis- trict and to furnish him with proper blanks and instructions; and he shall immediately proceed to enrol all persons subject to military duty, noting their respective places of residence, ages on the first day of July following, and their occupation, and shall, on or before the first day of April, report the same to the board of enrolment, to be con- solidated into one list, a copy of which shall be transmitted to the Pro- vost-Marshal-General on or before the first day of May succeeding the enrolment: Provided, nevertJieless, That if, from any cause, the duties prescribed by this section can not be performed within the time speci- fied, then the same shall be performed as soon thereafter as practicable. Sec. 10. That the enrolment of each class shall be made separately, and shall only embrace those whose ages shall be on the first day of July thereafter between twenty and forty-five years. Sec. 11. That all persons thus enrolled shall be subject, for two years after the first day of July succeeding the enrollment, to be called into the military service of the United States, and to continue in service during the present rebellion, not, however, exceeding the term of three years; and when called into service shall be placed on the same foot- ing, in all respects, as volunteers for three years or during the war, including advance pa} r and bounty as now provided by law. Sec. 12. That whenever it may be necessary to call out the national forces for military service, the President is hereby authorized to assign to each district the number of men to be furnished by said district; and thereupon the enrolling board shall, under the direction of the President, make a draft of the required number, and fifty per cent in addition, and shall make an exact and complete roll of the names of the persons so drawn, and of the order in which they were drawn, so that the first drawn may stand first upon the said roll, and the second may stand second, and so on. And the person so drawn shall be noti- fied of the same within ten days thereafter by a written or printed notice, to be served personally or by leaving a copy at the last place of residence, requiring them to appear at a designated rendezvous to report for duty. In assigning to the districts the number of men to be furnished therefrom, the President shall take into consideration the number of volunteers and militia furnished by and from the several States in which said districts are situated, and the period of their serv- ice since the commencement of the present rebellion, and shall so make said assignment as to equalize the numbers among the districts of the provost-marshal-general's bureau. 669 several States, considering and allowing for the numbers already fur- nished as aforesaid and the time of their service. Sec. 13. That any person drafted and notified to appear as afore- said may. on or before the day fixed for his appearance, furnish an acceptable substitute to take his place in the draft, or he may pay to such person as the Secretary of War may authorize to receive it, such sum, not exceeding three hundred dollars, as the Secretary may deter- mine, for the procuration of such substitute, which sum shall be fixed at a uniform rate by a general order made at the time of ordering a draft for any State or Territory; and thereupon such person so fur- nishing the substitute, or paying the money, shall be discharged from further liability under that draft. And any person failing to report after due service of notice as herein prescribed, without furnishing a substitute, or paying the required sum therefor, shall be deemed a deserter, and shall be arrested by the provost-marshal and sent to the nearest military post for trial by court-martial, unless, upon proper showing that he is not liable to do military duty, the board of enrol- ment shall relieve him from the draft. Sec. 14. That all drafted persons shall, on arriving at the rendezvous, be carefully inspected by the surgeon of the board, who shall truly report to the board the physical condition of each one; and all persons drafted and claiming exemption from military duty on account of dis- ability, or any other cause, shall present their claims to be exempted to the board, whose decision shall be final. Sec. 15. That any surgeon charged with the duty of such inspection who shall receive from any person whomsoever any money or other valuable thing, or agree, directly or indirectly, to receive the same to his own or another's use for making an imperfect inspection or a false or incorrect report, or who shall wilfully neglect to make a faithful inspection and true report, shall be tried by a court-martial, and, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dol- lars nor less than two hundred, and be imprisoned at the discretion of the court, and be cashiered and dismissed from the service. Sec. 16. That as soon as the required number of able-bodied men liable to do military duty shall be obtained from the list of those drafted, the remainder shall be discharged. And all drafted persons reporting at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed travelling pay from their places of residence; and all persons discharged at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed travelling pay to their places of resi- dence; and all expenses connected with the enrollment and draft, including subsistence while at the rendezvous, shall be paid from the appropriation for enrolling and drafting, under such regulations as the President of the United States shall prescribe; and all expenses con- nected with the arrest and return of deserters to their regiments, or such other duties as the provost-marshals shall be called upon to per- form, shall be paid from the appropriation for arresting deserters, under sicck regulations as the President of the United States shall pre- scribe: Provided, The provost-marshals shall in no case receive com- mutation for transportation, or for fuel and quarters, but only for forage, when not furnished by the Government, together with actual expenses of postage, stationery, and clerk hire authorized by the Pro vost-Marsnal-Gen e n 1 1 . Sec. 17. That any person enrolled and drafted according to the pro- visions of this act who shall furnish an acceptable substitute shall 070 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. thereupon receive from the board of enrollment a certificate of dis- charge from such draft, which shall exempt him from military duty during the time for which he was drafted; and such substitute shall be entitled to the same pay and allowances provided by law as if he had been originally drafted into the service of the United States. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 7U). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year ending the 30 [th] of June, 1863, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That the surgeon and the citizen at large, who are, with the provost-marshal, to form the enrolling board of each Congressional district, shall receive the compensation of an assistant surgeon of the army, excluding commutation for fuel and quarters, for the time actually employed; . . . Act of February H, 1$U (13 Stats., 6). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. That the President of the United States shall be authorized, when- ever he shall deem it necessary, during the present war, to call for such number of men for the military service of the United States as the public exigencies may require. Sec. 2. That the quota of each ward of a city, town, township, pre- cinct, or election district, or of a county, where the county is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, shall be, as nearly as possible, in proportion to the number of men resident therein liable to render military service, taking into account, as far as practicable, the number which has been previously furnished therefrom; and in ascertaining and filling said quota there shall be taken into account the number of men who have heretofore entered the naval service of the United States, and whose names are borne upon the enrollment lists as already returned to the office of the provost-marshal of the United States. Sec. 3. That if the quotas shall not be filled within the time desig- nated by the President, the provost-marshal of the district within which any ward of a city, town, township, precinct," or election district, or county, where the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, which is deficient in its quota, is situ- ated, shall, under the direction of the Provost-Marshal-General, make a draft for the number deficient therefrom; but all volunteers who may enlist after the draft shall have been ordered, and before it shall be actually made, shall be deducted from the number ordered to be drafted in such ward, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county. And if the quota of any district shall not be filled by the draft made in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the act to which it is an amendment, further drafts shall be made, and like proceedings had, until the quota of such district shall be filled. provost-marshal-general's bureau. 671 Sec. 4. That any person enrolled under the provisions of the act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, or who may be hereafter so enrolled, may furnish, at any time previous to the draft, an acceptable substitute, who is not liable to draft, nor, at the time, in the military or naval service of the United States; and such person so furnishing a substitute shall be exempt from draft during the time for which such substitute shall not be liable to draft, not exceeding the time for which such substitute shall have been accepted. Sec. 5. That any person drafted into the military service of the United States may, before the time fixed for his appearance for duty at the draft rendezvous, furnish an acceptable substitute, subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War; that if such substitute is not liable to draft, the person furnishing him shall be exempt from draft during the time for which such substitute is not liable to draft, not exceeding the term for which he was drafted; and if such substitute is liable to draft, the name of the person furnishing him shall again be placed on the roll, and shall be liable to draft on future calls, but not until the present enrollment shall be exhausted; and this exemption shall not exceed the term for which such person shall have been drafted. And any person now in the military or naval service of the United States, not physically disqualified, who has so served more than one year, and whose term of unexpired service shall not at the time of substitution exceed six months, may be employed as a substi- tute to serve in the troops of the State in which he enlisted; and if any drafted person shall hereafter pay money for the procuration of a sub- stitute, under the provisions of the act to which this is an amendment, such payment of money shall operate only to relieve such person from draft in filling that quota; and his name shall be retained on the roll in filling future quotas; but in no instance shall the exemption of any person, on account of his pa} T ment of commutation money for the pro- curation of a substitute, extend beyond one year; but at the end of one year, in every such case, the name of any person so exempted shall be enrolled again, if not before returned to the enrollment list under the provisions of this section. Sec. 6. That boards of enrollment shall enroll all persons liable to draft under the provisions of this act, and the act to which this is an amendment, whose names may have been omitted by the proper enroll- ing officers; all persons who shall arrive at the age of twenty years before the draft; all aliens who shall declare their intention to become citizens; all persons discharged from the military or naval service of the United States who have not been in such service two years during the present war; and all persons who have been exempted under the Erovisions of the second section of the act to which this is an amendment, ut who are not exempted by the provisions of this act; and said boards of enrollment shall release and discharge from draft all persons who, between the time of the enrollment anu the draft, shall have arrived at the age of forty-five years, and shall strike the names of such per- sons from the enrollment. Sec. 7. That any mariner, or able or ordinary seaman, who shall be drafted under this act, or the act to which this is an amendment, shall have the right, within eight days after the notification of such draft, to enlist in the naval service as a seaman; and a certificate that he has so enlisted being made out, in conformity with regulations which may 672 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. be prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, and duly presented to the provost-marshal of the district in which such mariner, or able or ordi- nary seaman, shall have been drafted, shall exempt him from such draft: Provided, That the period for which he shall have enlisted into the naval service shall not be less than the period for which he shall have been drafted into the military service: A?id provided further, That the said certificate shall declare that satisfactory proof has been made before the naval officer issuing the same that the said person so enlist- ing in the Navy is a mariner by vocation, or an able or an ordinary seaman. And any person now in the military service of the United States who shall furnish satisfactory proof that he is a mariner by vocation, or an able or ordinary seaman, may enlist into the Navy under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the President of the United States: Provided, That such enlistment shall not be for less than the unexpired term of his military service, nor for less than one year. And the bounty money which any mariner or seaman, enlisting from the Army into the Navy, may have received from the United States, or from the State in which he enlisted in the Army, shall be deducted from the prize money to which he may become entitled during the time required to complete his military service: And provided further, That the whole number of such transfer enlist- ments shall not exceed ten thousand. Sec. 8. That whenever any such mariner or able or ordinary seaman shall have been exempted from such draft in the military service by such enlistment into the naval service, under such due certificate thereof, then the ward, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county, when the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, from which such person has been drafted shall be credited with his services to all intents and purposes as if he had been duly mustered into the military service under such draft. Sec. 9. That all enlistments into the naval service of the United States, or into the Marine Corps of the United States, that may here- after be made of persons liable to service under the act of Congress entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty- three, shall be credited to the ward, town, township, precinct, or elec- tion district, or county, when the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, in which such enlisted men were or may be enrolled and liable to duty under the act aforesaid, under such regulations as the provost-marsnal-general of the United States may prescribe. Sec. 10. That the following persons be, and they are hereby, exempted from enrollment and draft under the provisions of this act, and of the act to which this is an amendment, to wit: Such as are rejected as physically or mentally unfit for the service, all persons actual^ in the military or naval service of the United States at the time of the draft, and all persons who have served in the military or naval service two years during the present war and been honorably discharged therefrom; and no persons but such as are herein exempted shall be exempt. Sec. 11. That section third of the "Act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and so much of section ten of said act as provides for the separate enrollment of each class, be, and the same are hereby, repealed; and it shall be the duty of the board of provost-marshal-general's bureau. 673 enrollment of each district to consolidate the two classes mentioned in the third section of said act. Sec. 12. That any person who shall forcibly resist or oppose any enrollment, or who snail incite, counsel, or encourage, or who shall conspire or confederate with any other person or persons forcibly to resist or oppose any such enrollment, or who shall aid or assist or take any part in any forcible resistance or opposition thereto, or who shall assault, obstruct, hinder, impede, or threaten any officer or other per- son employed in making or in aiding to make such enrollment, or employed in the performance or in aiding in the performance of any service in any way relating thereto or in arresting or aiding to arrest any spy or deserter from the military service of the United States, shall, upon conviction thereof in any court competent to try the offense, be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or by impris- onment not exceeding five years, or by both of said punishments, in the discretion of the court. And in cases where such assaulting, obstructing, hindering, or impeding shall produce the death of such officer or other person, the offender shall be deemed guilty of murder, and, upon conviction thereof upon indictment in the circuit court of the United States for the district within which the offense was com- mitted, shall be punished with death. And nothing in this section con- tained shall be construed to relieve the party offending from liability, under proper indictment or process, for any crime against the laws of a State committed by him while violating the provisions of this section. Sec. 13. That the Secretary of War shall be authorized to detail or appoint such number of additional surgeons for temporary duty in the examination of persons drafted into the military service in any dis- trict as may be necessary to secure the prompt examination of all such persons and to fix the compensation to be paid surgeons so appointed while actually employed; and such surgeons so detailed or appointed shall perform the same duties as the surgeon of the board of enrollment, except that they shall not be permitted to vote or sit with the board of enrollment. Sec. 14. That the Secretary of War is authorized, whenever in his judgment the public interest will be subserved thereby, to permit or require boards of examination of enrolled or drafted men to hold their examinations at different points within their respective enrollment districts, to be determined Ity him: Provided, That in all districts over one hundred miles in extent, and in such as are composed of over ten counties, the board shall hold their sessions in at least two places in such district, and at such points as are best calculated to accommodate the people thereof. Sec. 15. That provost-marshals, boards of enrollment, or any mem- ber thereof acting by authority of the board, shall have power to summon witnesses in behalf of the Government and enforce their attendance by attachment, without previous payment of fees, in any case pending before them, or either of them; and the fees allowed for witnesses attending under summons shall be six cents per mile for mileage, counting one way; and no other fees or costs shall be allowed under the provisions of this section; and they shall have power to administer oaths and affirmations. And any person who shall wilfully and corruptly swear or affirm falsely before any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, or member thereof acting by authority of the board, or who shall before any civil magistrate wilfully and corruptly S. Doc. 229 43 674 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF D. S. ARMY. swear or affirm falsely to any affidavit to be used in any case pending before any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, shall on convic- tion be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and imprisoned not less than six months nor more than twelve months. The drafted men shall have process to bring in witnesses, but without mileage. Sec. 16. That copies of any record of a provost-marshal or board of enrollment, or of any part thereof, certified by the provost-marshal or a majority of said board of enrollment, shall be deemed and taken as evidence in any civil or military court in like manner as the original record: Provided, That if any person shall knowingly certify any false copy or copies of such record, to be used in any civil or military court, he shall be subject to the pains and penalties of perjury. Sec. 17. That members of religious denominations, who shall by oath or affirmation declare that they are conscientiously opposed to the bearing of arms, and who are prohibited from doing so by the rules and articles of faith and practice of said religious denomination, shall, when drafted into the military service, be considered noncombatants, and shall be assigned by the Secretary of War to duty in the hospitals, or to the care of freed men, or shall pay the sum of three hundred dollars to such person as the Secretary of War shall designate to receive it, to be applied to the benefit of the sick and wounded soldiers: Provided, That no person shall be entitled to the benefit of the pro- visions of this section unless his declaration of conscientious scruples against bearing arms shall be supported by satisfactory evidence that his deportment has been uniformly consistent with such declaration. Sec. 18. That no person of foreign birth shall, on account of alien- age, be exempted from enrollment or draft under the provisions of this act, or the act to which it is an amendment, who has at any time assumed the rights of a citizen by voting at any election held under authority of the laws of any State or Territory, or of the United States, or who has held any office under such laws, or any of them; but the fact that any such person of foreign birth has voted or held, or shall vote or hold office as aforesaid, shall be taken as conclusive evidence that he is not entitled to exemption from military service on account of alienage. Sec. 19. That all claims to exemption shall be verified by the oath or affirmation of the party claiming exemption to the truth of the facts stated, unless it shall satisfactorily appear to the board of enrollment that such party is, for some good and sufficient reason, unable to make such oath or affirmation; and the testimony of any other party filed in support of a claim to exemption shall also be made upon oath or affirmation. Sec. 20. That if any person drafted and liable to render military service shall procure a decision of the board of enrollment in his favor upon a claim to exemption by any fraud or false representation practised by himself or by his procurement, such decision or exemption shall be of no effect, and the person exempted, or in whose favor the decision may be made, shall be deemed a deserter, and may be arrested, tried by court-martial, and punished as such, and shall be held to' service for the full term for wnich he was drafted, reckoning from the time of his arrest: Provided, That the Secretary of War may order the discharge of all persons in the military service who are under the age of eighteen years at the time of the application for their discharge when it shall appearupon due proof that such persons are in the service without the provost-marshal-general's bureau. 675 consent, either express or implied, of their parents or guardians: And provided further, That such persons, their parents or guardians, shall first repay to the Government and to the State and local authorities all bounties and advance pay which may have been paid to them, anything in the act to which this is an amendment to the contrary notwith- standing. Sec. 21. That any person who shall procure, or attempt to procure, a false report from the surgeon of the board of enrollment concerning the physical condition of any drafted person, or a decision in favor of such person by the board of enrollment upon a claim to exemption, knowing the same to be false, shall, upon conviction in any district or circuit court of the United States, be punished by imprisonment for the period for which the party was drafted. Sec. 22. That the fees of agents and attorneys for making out and causing to be executed any papers in support of a claim for exemption from draft, or for any services that may be rendered to the claimant, shall not, in any case, exceed five dollars; and physicians or surgeons furnishing certificates of disability to any claimant for exemption from draft shall not be entitled to any fees or compensation therefor. And any agent or attorney who shall, directly or indirectly, demand or receive any greater compensation for his services under this act, and any physician or surgeon who shall, directly or indirectly, demand or receive any compensation for furnishing said certificates of disability, and any officer, clerk, or deputy connected with the board of enroll- ment who shall receive compensation from any drafted man for any services, or obtaining the performance of such service required from any member of said board by the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall, for every such offense, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, to be recov- ered upon information or indictment before any court of competent jurisdiction, one-half for the use of any informer, who may prosecute for the same in the name of the United States, and the other half for the use of the United States; and shall also be subject to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, at the discretion of the court. Sec. 23. That no member of the board of enrollment, and no sur- geon detailed or employed to assist the board of enrollment, and no clerk, assistant, or emplo}^ee of any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, shall, directly or indirectly, be engaged in procuring, or attempting to procure, substitutes for persons drafted, or liable to be drafted, into the military service of the United States. And if any member of a board of enrollment, or any such surgeon, clerk, assist- ant, or employee, shall procure, or attempt to procure, a substitute for any person drafted, or liable to be drafted, as aforesaid, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment not less than thirty days nor more than six months, and pay a fine not less than one hundred nor more than one thousand dollars, by any court competent to try the offense. Sec. 21. That all able-bodied male colored persons between the ages of twenty and forty-five years, resident in the United States, shall be enrolled according to the provisions of this act, and of the act to which this is an amendment, and form part of the national forces; and \\ hen a slave of a loyal master shall bo drafted and mustered into the service of the United States his master shall have a certificate thereof; and thereupon such slave shall be free, and the bounty of one hun- 676 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. dred dollars now payable by law for each drafted man shall be paid to the person to whom such drafted person was owing service or labor at the time of his muster into the service of the United States. The Secretary of War shall appoint a commission in each of the slave States represented in Congress, charged to award to each loyal person to whom a colored volunteer may owe service a just compensation, not exceeding three hundred dollars for each such colored volunteer, paya- ble out of the fund derived from commutations; and every such colored volunteer on being mustered into the service shall be free. And in all cases where men of color have been heretofore enlisted, or have vol- unteered in the military service of the United States, all the provisions of this act, so far as the payment of bounty and compensation are pro- vided, shall be equally applicable as to those who may be hereafter re- cruited. But men of color, drafted or enlisted, or who may volunteer into the military service, while they shall be credited on the quotas of the several States or subdivisions of States wherein they are respect- ively drafted, enlisted, or shall volunteer, shall not be assigned as State troops, but shall be mustered into regiments or companies as United States colored troops. Sec. 25. That the fifteenth section of the act to which this is amend- atory be so amended that it will read as follows: That any surgeon charged with the duty of such inspection who shall receive from any person whomsoever any money or other valuable thing, or agree, directly or indirectly, to receive the same to his own or another's use, for making an imperfect inspection or a false or incorrect report, or who shall wilfully neglect to make a faithful inspection and true report, and each member of the board of enrollment who shall wilfully agree to the discharge from service of any drafted person who is not legally and properly entitled to such discharge, shall be tried by a court- martial, and, on conviction thereof, be .punished b}^ a fine not less than three hundred dollars and not more than ten thousand dollars, shall be imprisoned at the discretion of the court, and be cashiered and dis- missed the service. Sec. 26. That the words "precinct" and "election district," as used in this act, shall not be construed to require any subdivision for pur- poses of enrollment and draft less than the wards into which any city or village may be divided, or than the towns or townships into which any county may be divided. Sec. 27. That so much of the act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty -three, as may be inconsistent with the provisions of this act is hereby repealed. Resolution of February % 186 % (13 Stats., lf.02). A RESOLUTION relative to the transfer of persons in the military service to the naval service. 1 First. That the provost-marshal-general be, and is hereby, directed to enlist such persons as may desire to enter into the naval service of the United States, under such directions as may be given by the Sec- retary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, which enlistments shall be credited to the appropriate district: Provided, nevertheless, Thatinas- i Repealed by Act of June 3, 1864 (13-119) . provost-marshal-general's bureau. 677 much as persons enlisted in the naval service receive prize money, per- sons so enlisting shall not be entitled to receive any bounty upon their enlistment. Second. That the President of the United States may, whenever in his judgment the public service requires, authorize and direct the transfer of persons who have been employed in sea service, and are now enlisted in regiments for land service, from such regiments to the naval service, upon such terms and according to such rules and regulations as he may prescribe: Provided, nevertheless, That the number of transfers from any company or regiment shall not be so great as to reduce such company or regiment below the minimum strength required b} r the regulations of the military service: And pro- vided further, That such sum as may have been paid to persons so transferred, as bounty for entering into the military service, shall be transferred from the recruiting fund of the naval service to the credit of the proper appropriation for the land service. Act of April 21, 1864 {13 Stats., 54). AN ACT to amend an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces so as to increase the rank, pay, and emoluments of the provost-marshal-general. That the rank, pay, and emoluments of the provost-marshal-general, authorized b} r section five of said act, shall be those of a brigadier- general. Act of July 4, 1864 {13 Stats.,. 379). AN ACT further to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. Sec. 2. That in case the quota, or any part thereof, of any town, township, ward of a city, precinct, or election district, or of any county not so subdivided, shall not be filled within the space of fifty days after such call, then the President shall immediately order a draft for one year to fill such quota, or any part thereof which may be unfilled; and in case of any such draft, no payment of money shall be accepted or received by the Government as commutation to release any enrolled or (I rutted man from personal obligation to perform military service. Sec. 3. That it shall be lawful for the executive of any of the States to send recruiting agents into any of the States declared to be in rebel- lion, except the States of Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana, to recruit volunteers under any call under the provisions of this act, who shall be credited to the State, and to the respective subdivisions thereof, which may procure the enlistment. * * * Sec. 6. That section three of an act entitled "An act to amend an act entitled an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved February twenty-four, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-four, be, and the same 18 hereby, amended, so as to authorize and direct district provost marshals, under the direction of the provost-marshal-general, to make a draft for one hundred per 678 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. centum in addition to the number required to fill the quota of any district as provided by said section. Sec. 7. That instead of traveling pay, all drafted persons reporting at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed transportation from their places of residence; and persons discharged at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed transportation to their places of residence. Sec. 8. That all persons in the naval service of the United States, who have entered said service during the present rebellion, who have not been credited to the quota of any town, district, ward, or State, by reason of their being in said service and not enrolled prior to February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, shall be enrolled and credited to the quotas of the town, ward, district, or State, in which they respectively reside, upon satisfactory proof of their residence made to the Secretary of War. . Sec. 9. That if any person duly drafted shall be absent from home in prosecution of his usual business, the provost marshal of the dis- trict shall cause him to be duly notified as soon as may be, and he shall not be deemed a deserter, nor liable as such, until notice has been given to him, and reasonable time allowed for him to return and report to the provost marshal of his district; but such absence shall not other- wise affect his liability under this act. Sec. 10. That nothing contained in this act shall be construed to alter or in any way affect the provisions of the seventeenth section of an act approved February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty- four, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. Sec. 11. That nothing contained in this act shall be construed to alter or change the provisions of existing laws relative to permitting persons liable to military service to furnish substitutes. Act of March 3, 1865 {13 Stats., 4#7). AN ACT to amend the several acts heretofore passed to provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. Sec. 13. That where any revised enrollment in any Congressional or draft district has been obtained or made prior to any actual drawing of names from the enrollment lists, the quota of such' district may be adjusted and apportioned to such revised enrollment, instead of being applied to or based upon the enrollment as it may have stood before the revision. Sec. 14. That hereafter all persons mustered into the military or naval service, whether as volunteers, substitutes, representatives, or otherwise, shall be credited to the State and to the ward, township, Erecinct, or other enrollment subdistrict where such persons belong y actual residence (if such persons have an actual residence within the United States), and where such persons were or shall be enrolled (if liable to enrollment); and it is hereby made the duty of the pro- vost-marshal-general to make such rules and give such instructions to the several provost marshals, boards of enrollment, and mustering officers as shall be necessary for the faithful enforcement of the pro- visions of this section, to the end that fair and just credit shall be given provost-marshal-general's bureau. 679 to every section of the country: Provided, That in any call for troops hereafter, no county, town, township, ward, precinct, or election dis- trict shall have credit except for men actually furnished on said call or the preceding call by said county, town, township, ward, precinct, or election district, and mustered into the military or naval service on the quota thereof. Sec. 15. That in computing quotas hereafter, credit shall be given to the several States, districts, and subdistricts for all men furnished from them, respectively, and not heretofore credited, during the pres- ent rebellion, for any period of service of not less than three months, calculating the number of days for which such service was furnished, and reducing the same to years: Provided, That such credits shall not be applied to the call for additional troops made by the President on the twenty -first day of December, eighteen hundred and sixty-four. Sec. 16. That persons who have been, or may hereafter be, drafted, under the provisions of the several acts to whicn this is an amendment, for the term of one year, and who have actually furnished, or may actually furnish, acceptable substitutes (not liable to draft) for the term of three years, shall be exempt from military duty during the time for which such substitutes shall not be liable to draft, not exceed- ing the time for which such substitutes shall have been mustered into the service, anything in the act of February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, to the contrary notwithstanding. * * * Sec. 19. That in every case where a substitute is furnished to take the place of an enrolled or drafted man, and it is shown by evidence that shall be satisfactory to the Secretary of War that such substitute was, at the time of his enlistment, known by the party furnishing him to be non compos mentis, or in a condition of intoxication, or under conviction or indictment for any offense of the grade of felony at the common law, or to have been guilty of a previous act of desertion unsatisfied by pardon or punishment, or, by reason of any existing infirmity or ailment, physically incapable of performing the ordinary duties of a soldier in actual service in the ranks, or minor between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years, without the consent of his parent or guardian, or a minor under the age of sixteen years, it shall be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General, on advice of the fact, to report the same to the provost-marshal of the proper district; and if such per- son so enlisted and incapable shall have been, since the passage of this act, mustered into the service as a substitute for a person liable to draft and not actually drafted, the name of the person so liable who furnished such substitute shall be again placed on the list, and he shall l>o subject to draft thereafter as though no such substitute had been furnished by him; and if such substitute so enlisted and incapable as aforesaid shall have been, since the passage of this act, mustered into the service as a substitute for a person actually drafted, then it shall be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General to direct the provost- marshal of the dist rid immediately to notify the person who furnished such substitute that he is held to service in the place of such substitute, and he shall stand in the saire relation and be subject to the same lia- bility as before the furnishing of such substitute. Sec. 20. That in case any substitute shall desert from the army, and it shall appear by evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the party furnishing such substitute shall have, in any way, directly 680 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. or indirectly, aided or abetted such desertion, or to have been privy to any intention on the part of such substitute to desert, then such person shall be immediately placed in the army, and shall serve for the period for which he was" liable to draft, such service to commence at the date of the desertion of the substitute. * * * Sec. [22.] That the third section of the act entitled " An act [further] to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved July fourth, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-four, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. [23.] That any person or persons enrolled in any subdistrict may, after notice of a draft, and before the same shall have taken place, cause to be mustered into the service of the United States such number of recruits, not subject to draft, as they may deem expedient, which recruits shall stand to the credit of the persons thus causing them to be mustered in, and shall be taken as substitutes for such persons, or so many of them as may be drafted, to the extent of the number of such recruits, and in the order designated by the principals at the time such recruits are thus as aforesaid mustered in. * * * Sec. [26.] That acting assistant surgeons, contract surgeons, and surgeons and commissioners on the enrolling boards, while in the mili- tary service of the United States, shall hereafter be exempt from all liability to be drafted under the provisions of any act for enrolling and calling out the national forces. Sec. [27.] That this act shall take effect from and after its passage: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall operate to postpone the pending draft, or interfere with the quotas assigned therefor, Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 33. That the Provost-Marshal-General's Office and Bureau shall be continued only so long as the Secretary of War shall deem necessary, not exceeding thirty days after the passage of this act. * # # July 28, 1866. By General Orders, No. 66, A. G. O., August 20, 1866, this Bureau was ordered discontinued August 28, the business of the Bureau to be thereafter con- ducted through the Adjutant-General of the Army. Act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stats., 566). AN ACT to revise, consolidate, and amend the laws relating to pensions. That if . . . any provost-marshal, deputy provost-marshal, or enrolling officer, disabled by reason of any wound or injury received in the discharge of his duty to procure a subsistence by manual labor, has been ... or shall hereafter be impaired by reason of such disability, he shall, upon making due proof of the fact, ... be placed upon the list of invalid pensioners of the United States 1 . . . * * * 1 This provision is embodied in section 4693 of the Revised Statutes. ajddeist:d.a. Provisions selected while this work was going through the press, but too late for insertion in their appropriate places. GENERAL PROVISIONS. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive, for their daily subsistence, the following number of rations of provisions: a colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations; a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations; ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said officers ... at the posts respectively where the rations shall become due; . . . Act of July 6, 1812 (2 Stats., 784). AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That the President is hereby authorized to confer brevet rank on such officers of the Army as shall distinguish themselves by gallant actions or meritorious conduct, or who shall have served ten years in any one grade. . . . * * * March 3, 1845 {5-732). Franking privilege abolished; accounts for official postage to be paid from contingent fund of the bureau to which the officer belongs. By Joint Resolution No. 13, of same date (5-800), this act was declared to take effect July 1, 1845, and not sooner. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stats., 731). AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 31. That any officer absent from duty with leave, except for sickness or wounds, shall, during his absence, receive half of the pay and allowances prescribed by law, and no more. . . . 681 682 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 20, 186 '4 (13 Stats., 1U). AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other purposes. Sec. 11. That the thirty-first section of an act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, be, and the same is hereby, so amended as that an officer may have, . . . leave of absence for other cause than sickness or wounds without deduc- tion from his pay or allowances: Provided, That the aggregate of such absence shall not exceed thirty days in any one year. Act of July 28, 1866 (U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. Sec. 31. That all officers who have served during the rebellion as volunteers in the armies of the United States, and who have been or may hereafter be honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, shall be entitled to bear the official title, and upon occasions of cere- mony to wear the uniform of the highest grade they have held by brevet or other commissions in the volunteer service. In case of officers of the Regular Army the volunteer rank shall be entered upon the official army register: Pro'oided, That these privileges shall not entitle any officer to command, pay, or emoluments. March 2, 1867 (U-434)The act of June 20, 1864 (13-144), increasing the pay of enlisted men, not to be construed as to increase the emoluments of the commissioned officers at the date of its passage. The first section of the act of March 3, 1865 ( 13-487 ) , relative to officers' servants, not intended to be retrospective or retroactive in its operation. Act of July 11, 1868 (IS Stats., 85.) AN ACT prescribing an oath of office to be taken by persons from whom legal disa- bilities shall have been removed. That whenever any person who has participated in the late rebellion . . . has been or shall be . . . appointed to any office or place of trust in or under the Government of the United States, he shall, before entering upon the duties thereof, instead of the oath prescribed by the act of July two, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, take and sub- scribe the following oath or affirmation: I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or pur- pose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which 1 am about to enter. So help me God. ADDENDA. 683 Act of May 8, 181 % (18 Stats., 43). AN ACT to amend the thirty-first section of an act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national militia, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. That all officers on duty at any point west of a line drawn north and south through Omaha city, and north of a line drawn east and west upon the southern boundary of Arizona, shall be allowed sixty days' leave of absence without deduction of pay or allowances: Provided, That the same is taken but once in two years: And provided further, That the leave of absence may be extended to three months, if taken once only in three years; or four months if taken once only in four years. Act of July 29, 1876 (19 Stats., 102). AN ACT to amend an act approved May eight, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, in regard to leave of absence of Army officers. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That an act approved May eight, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, in regard tc leave of absence of Army officers, be, and the same is hereby, so amended that all officers on duty shall be allowed, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, sixty days' leave of absence without deduction of pay or allowance: Provided, That the same be taken once in two years: And provided further, That the leave of absence may be extended to three months, if taken once only in three years, or four months if taken once only in four years. This act shall take effect from and after its passage. REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878. Sec. 1205. Line officers may be transferred to the staff without prejudice to their rank or promotion in the line; when they become entitled to a regimental grade equal to that they hold in the staff, they must vacate either commission. * * * Sec. 1209. The President may confer brevet commissions for distinguished conduct and public service in presence of the enemy. * * * Sec. 1218. No person who has served in any capacity in the military, naval, or civil service of the so-called Confederate States, or of either of the States in insurrection during the late rebellion, shall be appointed to any position in the Army of the United States. * Sec. 1226. All officers who have served during the rebellion as vol- unteers in the Army of the United States, and nave been honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, shall be entitled to bear the official title, and upon occasions of ceremony to wear the uniform of the highest grade they have held, b} r brevet or other commissions, in the volunteer service. The highest volunteer rank which has been held by officers of the Regular Army shall be entered, with their names respectively, upon the Army Register. . . . 684 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 1756. Every person . . . appointed to any office of honor or profit ... in the . . . military . . . service . . . shall, before entering upon the duties of such office, and before being entitled to any part of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take and subscribe the following oath: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have neither sought, nor accepted, nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office what- ever, under any authority or pretended authorit}-, in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pre- tended government, authority, power, or constitution within the United States hostile or inimical thereto, and I further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or pur- pose of evasion, and that 1 will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God." Sec. 1757. Whenever any person who ... is not able, on account of his participation in the late rebellion, to take the oath pre- scribed in the preceding section, he shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, take and subscribe in lieu of that oath the following oath: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, for- eign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God." * * * Sec. 1860. * * Fourth. No person belonging to the Arnry . . . shall be elected to or hold any civil office or appointment in any Territon r . * Sec. 3683. No part of the contingent fund appropriated to any bureau to be applied to the purchase of any articles except such as the head of the Department shall, in writing, direct to be procured. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of June 23, 1879 (21 StaU., 30). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty, and for other purposes. * * * . Provided, That no allowance shall be made for claims for quarters for servants heretofore or hereafter; and that the rate of commutation shall hereafter be twelve dollars per room per month for officers' quarters, in lieu of ten dollars, as now provided by law. * . . . Provided, That to the cost of all stores and other articles sold to officers and men, except tobacco, as provided for in section one ADDENDA. 685 thousand one hundred and forty-nine of the Revised Statutes, ten per centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other incidental charges. * * * Act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 456). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. * * * . . . From and after the passage of this act, mileage to offi- cers of the Army shall be computed over the shortest usually traveled routes between the points named in the order, and the necessity for such travel in the military service shall be certified to by the officer issuing the order, and stated in said order. ;:- * * Art of March 3, 1883 (22 Stats., 567). AN ACT to amend section eighteen hundred and sixty of the Revised Statutes so as not to exclude retired Army officers from holding civil office in the Territories. That the fourth clause of section eighteen hundred and sixty of the Revised Statutes of the United States be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows: "Fourth. No person belonging to the Army . . . shall be elected to or hold any civil office or appointment in any Territory, except officers of the Army on the retired list." Act of If ay 13, 188 If. (23 Stats., 21). AN ACT amending the Revised Statutes of the United States in respect of official oaths, and for other purposes. That section twelve hundred and eighteen of the Revised Statutes of the United States be, and is hereby, amended to read as follows: "Sec. 1218. No person who held a commission in the Army or Navy of the United States at the beginning of the late rebellion, and after- wards served in any capacity in the militaiy, naval, or civil service of the so-called Confederate States, or of either of the States in insurrec- tion during the late rebellion, shall be appointed to any position in the Army ... of the United States." Sec. 2. That section seventeen hundred and fifty -six of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and hereafter the oath to be taken by any person . . . appointed to any office of honor or profit ... in the . . . military . . . service, except the President of the United States, shall be as prescribed in section seventeen hundred and fifty-seven of the Revised Statutes. . * * * . Act of February 4, 1897 (29 Stats., bit). AN ACT to authorize officen who served during the war of the rebellion In the Regular Army to l>ear the title; and, <>n occasions of ceremony, wear the uniform of their highest rank. That all officers wlio have served during the rebellion as officers of the Regular Army of the United Stairs, and have been honorably dis- charged or resigned from the service, shall be entitled to bear the offi- cial title and, upon occasions of ceremony, to wear the uniform of the \ 686 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U S. ARMY. highest grade they have held, by brevet or other commission, as is now authorized for officers of volunteers by section twelve hundred and twenty-six, Revised Statutes. The text on page 45 of the History of the General Staff, under the title Act of May 28, 1898 {30 Stats., 1,21), is that of (he Act of June 29, 1898 {30 Stats., 525). AN ACT to amend section ten of an act approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "'An act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes." The first section oftlie act of May 28, is as follows: That section ten of an act of Congress, entitled "An act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes," approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, be, and the same is hereby, amended by adding at the end thereof the following, to wit: And provided, That officers of the Regular Army shall be eligible for such staff appointments, and shall not be held to vacate their offices in the Regular Army by accepting the same, but shall be entitled to receive only the pay and allowances of their staff rank: . . . THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. STATUTES AT LARGE. June 2, 1862 (12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc. , to secure uniformity in such instruments. March 2, 1867 (14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878. X* -X* X Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any articles of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * * STATUTES AT LARGE. May 25, 1900 (31 ). Authorizes replacement of quartermaster supplies which the volunteers from a State or Territory carried into the service of the United States Army during the recent war with Spain, and which have been retained by the United States. ADDENDA. 687 THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. September 27, 1775. Resolved, That the expense of kettles, canteens, and spoons, supplied to the soldiers be charged to the continent. STATUTES AT LARGE. May 18, 1826 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the responsible officer, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. June 2, 1862 {12-411). Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. March 3, 1865 (13-495). Commissaries may sell rations on credit to officers in the held, reporting monthly to the Paymaster-General the amounts due for such pur- March 2, 1867 (14-571). Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal peiions- this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of 'debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878. * * * Sec. 1145. Commissaries may sell rations on credit to officers in the field report- ing monthly to the Paymaster-General the amounts due for such purchases ' * * * Sec-. 1277. One ration in kind or by commutation allowed to hospital matrons and female nurses. * * * Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. - 6 * * * Sec. 2110. Governs issue of rations to Indians who may visit the military posts or agencies of the United States on the frontiers or in their respective nations. * * * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons- this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3747 Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. ' * * * STATUTES AT LARGE. March 3,1881 (21-435) -All the old clothing now held for issue to the National Jeer"** Id' Ver managers of the National Home for Disabled Volun- April 23, 1901. . . . Executive Mansion, Washington, March 26, 1901. In accordance with the provisions of section 40 'of the act entitled "An act to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States, 'approved February 2, 1901, which authorizes the President to "prescribe .< kind and quantities of the component articles of the army ration, and to direct 1 he issue of substitutive equivalent articles in place of any such components when- ever, in his opinion, economy ami a due regard to the health and comfort of the Imv'Xn^SnecT followin g * promulgated for the information and guid- The kinds and quantities of articles composing the army ration and the substi- 688 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tutive equivalent articles which may be issued in place of such components shall be as follows: 1. For troops in garrison (garrison ration). Standard articles. Substitutive articles. Kinds. Quantities. Kinds. Quantities. Meat components Bread components Vegetable components 3 Dried (or evaporated) fruit components. 8 Coffee and sugar com- ponents. Seasoning components . . Soap and candle com- ponents. Fresh beef Flour Beans Potatoes. . . 20 ounces 18 ounces 2f ounces Prunes rCoffee, green . . ISugar {Vinegar Salt Pepper, black . . /Soap (Candles 9 If ounces lj| ounces 3J ounces Agill. if ounce. 5* B ounce, if ounce. & ounce. Fresh mutton i Bacon Canned meat 3 Dried fish Pickled fish Canned fish Soft bread Hard bread 4 Corn meal Pease Rice Hominy Potatoes Onions Potatoes Canned tomatoes Potatoes Fresh vegetables, not canned. 6 Desiccated vegetables 7 Apples Peaches Roasted and ground Tea, black or green 20 ounces. 12 ounces. 2 16 ounces. 14 ounces. 18 ounces. 16 ounces. 18 ounces. 16 ounces. 20 ounces. 2f ounces. l| ounces, f ounces. 12$ ounces. 3f ounces. 12| ounces. 3f ounces. 11 J ounces. 4$ ounces. 2f ounces. If ounces, if ounces. 1^ ounces. A ounce. /Vinegar & gill. (Cucumber pickles A gill. 1 When the cost does not exceed that of fresh beef. 2 In Alaska 16 ounces of bacon, or, when desired, 16 ounces of salt pork or 22 ounces salt beef. 3 When impracticable to furnish fresh meat. 4 To be ordered issued only when impracticable to use flour or soft bread. 5 In Alaska the allowance of fresh vegetables will be 24 ounces instead of 16 ounces. 6 When they can be obtained in the vicinity or transported in a wholesome condition from a distance. 7 When impracticable to furnish fresh vegetables. In Alaska 3f ounces instead of 2f ounces. 8 Thirty per cent of the issue to be prunes when practicable. 9 When illumination is not furnished by the Quartermaster's Department. In Alaska & ounce instead of j 8 5 ounce. 2. For troops in the field in active campaign (Held ration) . Standard articles. Kinds. Quantities. Substitutive articles. Kinds. Quantities. Meat components . Bread components Vegetable components . Fruit component Coffee and sugar com- ponents. Seasoning components . Soap and candle com- ponents. Fresh beef 1 {Flour Baking powder 4 (Beans [Potatoes 7 Jam {Coffee, roasted and ground. Sugar {Vinegar Salt Pepper, black... /Soap (Candles 20 ounces 18 ounces if ounce. 2f ounces If ounces. 1& ounces. 3f ounces. Agi" Jf ounce. A ounce, if ounce. A ounce. {Fresh mutton 2 Canned meat 3 Bacon /Soft bread (Hard bread J Hops* (Dried or compressed yeast 6 .. Rice /Potatoes 9" (Onions' Desiccated potatoes ! Desiccated potatoes Desiccated onions Desiccated potatoes Canned tomatoes Tea, black or green. /Vinegar (Cucumber pickles. 20 ounces. 16 ounces. 12 ounces. 18 ounces. 16 ounces. R \, ounce. ^ ounce. If ounces. 12f ounces. 3f ounces. 2 ounces, iff ounces. Jf ounce, llf ounces. 3| ounces. ,& ounce. Agi". A g>H- 123789 When procurable locally. 3 When fresh meat can not be procured locally. 4 & When ovens are not available. i ADDENDA. 689 3. For troops when traveling otherwise than by marching, or when for short period* they are separated from cooking facilities (travel ration). standard articles. Substitute articles. J Quantities Kinds. per 100 rations. Kinds. Quantities per 100 rations. I Soft bread 112J pounds. 100 pounds. Sugar 15 pounds. 4- For troops traveling on vessels of the United States Army transport service. Food on transports for troops traveling will be prepared from the articles of sub- sistence stores which compose the ration for troops in garrison, varied by the substi- tution of other articles of authorized subsistence stores of equal money value when required. No savings will be allowed to troops on transports. 5. For use of troops on emergent occasions in active campaign (emergency ration). An emergency ration, prepared under direction of the War Department, will be issued t<> troops on active campaign, but will not be used at any time or place where regular rations are obtainable. It will be packed in a conveniently shaped package, ami will be carried in the haversack or saddlebags and accounted for at inspection, etc., by the soldier. 6*. Proportions of meat issues. Fresh meats will ordinarily be issued seven days in ten and salt meats three days in ten. If fish (dried, pickled, or canned) is issued, it will be in substitution of salt meat. The proportions of the meat issues may be varied at the discretion of depart- ment commanders, not, however, without due consideration being given to the equita- ble rights of contractors engaged in furnishing fresh meats to the troops under their commands. 7. Substitute when the issue of botfi fresh meat and vegetables is impracticable. Whenever the issue of both the fresh meat and vegetable components is impracti- cable, there may be issued in lieu of them canned fresh-beef -and- vegetable stew, at the rate of 28J ounces to the ration. William McKinley. (General Orders, No. 56, A. G. 0.) THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. STATUTES AT LARGE. March 16, 1802 (2-132). This act allows one ration each to such matrons and nonet as may be necessarily employed in hospitals. .1 /;/// 24, 1816 (3-297). Under this act garrison Burgeons and mates were to be considered thereafter as post surgeons. May is, 18/6 (4-173). In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or thai of damage to be charged against the responsible 'officer, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. S. Doc. 229 44 690 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. October 16, 1775. Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to all persons who are possessed of the salt petre lately removed from Turtle Bay, on the island of New York, forth- with to send the same to the president of the convention of New York, to be man- ufactured into gunpowder, for the use of the Continental Army. October 17, 1775. Ordered, that the President write to the convention of New York and inform them that it is the desire of the Congress that the sulphur in that city be immediately removed to a place of safety. October 25, 1775. Information being given to Congress that there has been lately discovered, in the colony of Virginia, a mineral containing a large quantity of saltpetre, Ordered, That the delegates of Virginia send an express to enquire into the truth of the fact, and to bring a sample of the mineral. * * * Resolved, That it be recommended to the several provincial assemblies, conven- tions, or councils of safety, of the United Colonies, to export to the foreign West Indies, on account and risk of their respective colonies, as much provisions or other produce, except horned cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry, as they may deem neces- sary for the importation of arms, ammunition, sulphur, and saltpetre. THE SIGNAL CORPS. Act of June 30, 1882 {22 Stats., 117). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That the allowance for commutation of quarters . . . for officers and enlisted men of the Signal Service serving in the Arctic regions, [shall be] the same in amount as though they were serving in Washington, District of Columbia: . . . INDEX. A. Abandoned lands, Pa ?e. use of, for refugees and freedmen 656 Abert, John, mentioned 484 Abstracts, of subsistence, when to be sent 325 Abuses, committee to inquire into, in the Medical Department 368 respecting correction of, in Department of Military Stores 564 Academy (see Military Academy). Accounts, manner of keeping, how regulated 20 of subsistence, by whom signed 22, 325 weekly, to be sent to Congress ' 144, 246 ( 4 funds received and expended, how made. . . 158, 200, 336, 408, 449, 462, 551, 578 of quotas of provisions from States, how settled 166 respecting, of officers of the Quartermaster's Department 175, 188 of contractors 191,309 form of, regulated 199, 336 in supply departments to be made quarterly 200, 336 of purchases and issues, how settled 257 for provisions and fuel, how made 290 respecting settlement of hospital 377, 379, 391, 396 of officers of the Hospital and Medical Departments 394, 397, 408 yearly, of apothecary to be settled within six months 399 Superintendent-general of military supplies to prescribe form of 407, 578 manner of keeping regimental pavmasters', regulated by the Secretary of War 455 Paymaster-General to settle and adjust all 456 (see Paymasters; Commissary of army accounts.) of ordnance and ordnance stores 553, 578 respecting, of prisoners of war 643, 644 for official postage 681 payment of, in favor of disloyal persons forbidden 54, 686, 687 Aceoi -ferments (see Leather; Deerskins), may be issued to detachments of seamen or marines 202 (see Sappers and miners.) to be stamped "United States" 546 neglect to deliver continental, punishable 546 States to api>oint persons to manufacture 553, 554 superintendent of military, appointed 554 how obtained ". 568 returns of, to be made 569 Acts ok Congrk . provision! of, amended 28, 36, 37, 131, 424, 434, 473, 682, 683, 686 extended 36,72,73,74,203,216,218,219,340,463 construed 342,413,473,474,504,586,682 suspended 428 repealed in part 74, 78, 194, 203, 206, 209, 232, 331, 343, 344, 356, 403, 413, 414, 415, 466, 473, 502, 507, 511, 512, 519, 575, 583, 588, 689, 590, 696, 625 repealed 75, 102, 111, 129, 197, 199, I'D! . 208, 209, 335, 344, 350, 410, 415, 468, 469, 474, 498, 508, 578, 581 , 583, 590 691 692 INDEX. Adams, , Page. to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania and Jersey 381 Adams, John, member of committee 87, 239, 364, 536 mentioned 121, 393 Adams, Samuel, member of committee 87, 488, 535 Adams, Samuel, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 Adjutant and inspector (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized 69,107 Adjutant and Inspector General (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized 72, 109 to principal army to act as chief of staff 72, 109 letters to and from the, free of postage 72, 109 provisionally retained 72, 110 Adjutant-General (see Uniform; Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons), authorized 53,57,68,69,70,72,73,75,76,79,80,81 appointed 53, 55, 58, 59, 64 appointment of, announced to the Army 53, 55 details of 56,57,61,62 arms in store deliverable on order of the 54, 143, 540 to make monthly returns to Congress 56, 57 certain regimental returns to the, discontinued 58 when appointed from the line 60 to be assistant inspector-general 62,69 (see Allowances.) inspectors to act as 60, 63, 90, 96 to receive journals of Congress 63 how appointed 64, 77, 78 (see Half-pay.) letters and packages to and from the, free of postage 71, 72 provisionally retained 72 franking privilege granted to the 73 to be a commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 75, 78, 79 to notify State authorities of details for ambulance duty 76 charged with certain duties relative to colored soldiers 78 mentioned 68, 73, 74 deputy, authorized 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 71 appointed 54,55,56,58,59,60,61,62,64 to make monthly reports and returns 55 how appointed . 64 to appoint an assistant 65 assistant, appointed 56, 61 , 64 authorized 70,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81 how appointed 64, 69 to act as assistant inspector-general 78 mentioned 69 (see Vacancies. ) A dj ut ant-General' s Department, how constituted 64, 65, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 increased 73, 74, 76, 77, 80 reduced 74, 79 reduction of, repealed 74 no new appointments or promotions in the 77 (see Vacancies; Army Corps; Divisions; Brigades. ) Adjutant-General's Office, respecting purchase of books, etc., for the 80 Advertisement, for proposals for quartermaster supplies 214, 217, 225 ordnance and ordnance stores may be purchased without 604 Affidavits, to insure uniformity Secretary of War to furnish blank forms of 419, 432, 509, 517, 590, 599, 686, 687 Agents (see Military agents; Clothier-general), to be sent into each State to purchase goods 147, 151 purchasing, to obtain list of prices allowed 152, 375 INDEX. 693 Agents Continued. Page. authorized for the Quartermaster's Department 155 purchase of forage 155 in each colony to superintend the making of saltpeter 537, 538 State to superintend manufacture of flints 541 superintendent of finance may suspend or remove 181 appoint, for purchase of supplies. 183, 296, 394, 564 to take the oath of fidelity 261 States to appoint, for sale of clothing to the troops 275 to impress clothing 275 stock and provisions 276 for the purchase of flour 278 meat 280 to be sent into each State to purchase medicines 370 in Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 657, 659 Agriculture, observations and signals for the benefit of 614, 616 A IDS- DE-CAMP, to be taken from the line; to perform duties of assistant adjutant-general. . 73 authorized for the Inspector-General 87, 96, 105, 106 Alaska (see Leave of absence), pay of officers serving in, increased 10 per cent 47 Albany, X. Y., hospital in, mentioned 381,382 deputy paymaster-general at, appointed 453 Alden, Roger, appointed brigade-major 58 mentioned 60 Alexander, , appointed brigade-major 61 Alexander, William (see Stirling, Lord). Allen, Andrew, member of committee 538 mentioned 243 Allowances (see Mileage; Traveling allowances; Commutation), to officers regulated 20, 184 of the line detailed in the Inspector-General's Department 143 Quartermaster-General reduced 184 contractors for military supplies 191 purchasing commissaries 281, 282, 283 deputy paymasters 4 56 surveyor of ordnance 558, 562 Alsop, John, member of committee 240, 241, 537 mentioned 142 Alvokd, Benjamin, mentioned 443 Ambulances, under control of medical director of army corps 420 allowance of 421 to be used only for the sick and wounded 422 Ambulance corps (see Details), how organized 420 uniformed 422 Ammunition (see. Laboratory), willful damage to, how punished 177, 308, 383, 561 committee to obtain 535, 537, 539 captured, how disposed of 641 care of, turned over to board of war 543 Pennsylvania ami the States south to lay up 544 in ard near Philadelphia put under General Putnam's control 548 magazines of, to l>e established i 545, 580 Issue of, to the Southern Army 563 how obtained 568, 690 returns of, to be made to Congress 509 purchase of 572, 674 respecting tests of improvements in 593 694 INDEX. Ammunition Continued. Page. purchased abroad admitted free of duty 604 may be issued to emigrants to certain Territories 586 purchased without advertisement 604 Ammunition wagons, provided for each regiment 559 Anderson, Archibald, appointed brigade-major 61 inspector 91 Anderson, John, mentioned 484, 484 Andover Iron Works, mentioned 550 Andrews, Timothy P., mentioned 443 Annapolis, Md., respecting removal of stores at 546 port and harbor of, to be fortified 573 Antiscorbutics, for hospitals in Northern Department 368 Appalachicola, Fla., mentioned 501 Apothecaries (see Pay; Half pay; Rations; Forage; Land), authorized 363,365,384,392,408,409 duties of 363,387,390,391,398,399 appointment of 365, 389, 395 how appointed 388 removal of medical stores by the 369 (see Vacancies. ) Apothecaries' mates (see Pay; Rations; Clothing), authorized 370 Apothecary-General (see Pay- Rations; Clothing), authorized 370,404,408 duties of -. 370 deputy, authorized 404 and his deputy, how appointed 404 letters to and from the, free of postage .' 408 assistant, authorized 409 and assistants to give bonds 410 mentioned 501 Appointments (see the several staff corps and military departments), Commander in Chief to make, under rank of brigadier-general 12 submit list of his 12 (see Staff officers. ) further, in the staff prohibited . 42, 473, 494, 51 1, 593 respecting, for corps, division, and brigade staffs 45 relative to, of supernumerary junior lieutenants in the staff depart- ments . 185,325,455,494,566 respecting certain, in authorized engineer regiments 527 officers of Regular Army not held as vacating their office by, in the vol- unteer staff 686 A ppropriations, under "Pay Department," except mileage, to constitute one fund 477 for the Subsistence Department to constitute one fund 357 no part of the, for the Ordnance Department to be used to pay freight charges 807 for fortifications available until expended 602 Aransas Pass, Tex., respecting improvements at 526 Archer, Samuel B., mentioned 86 Arctic regions, respecting commutation of quarters to officers and men in the 690 Arizona, traveling expenses of California and Nevada volunteers discharged in 472 Arkansas, arsenal in 584 no recruiting agents to be sent to 677 INDEX. 695 Arkansas River, "age. respecting improvement of the 528 Arlington, Va., memorial bridge from Washington City to 526 Armament, of certain fortifications 572 of port and harbor of Annapoli" 573 A km an i), Charles T., mentioned 103, 304 Arm chests, to be provided for each regiment 559 Armistead, Walker K., mentioned 483 Armorers (see Pay; Master armorers), appointment of 544, 545, 572, 579, 586 duties of : 551 dismissed 554 to be designated as ' ' corporals " 590 Armorer's department, inquiry to be made into conduct of the 554 Armories (see National armories; Springfield Armory; Harpers Ferry Armory), respecting site for, on the Western waters 500, 582 establishment of 574 artificers, etc., in, exempted from jury duty 576 placed under direction of the Ordnance Department 580 civilian superintendents of, may be appointed 587, 588 pay of civil superintendents of 588 master armorers 588 superintendents of, to be ordnance officers 590 pay of officers employed in the 575 Arms (see Rifles; Patent arms; Muskets; Carbines; Contractors), in store deliverable on order of the Adjutant-General 54, 143, 540 willful damage to, ho w punished ] 77, 308, 383, 561 , 580 for corps of sappers and miners 492 importation of 537, 538, 543, 690 captured, how disposed of 537, 541 of men leaving the service to be retained 537, 544 sick officers and men to be purchased 537 respecting purchase of 538, 539, 540, 572, 574 manufacture of 539, 543, 555, 563 care and custody of, lodged with Board of War 543 imported, how distributed or cared for 543, 546, 565 to be provided for cavalry 544 States requested to collect all, not in actual service 545 to be marked "United States" 546 respecting punishment for refusal to deliver 546 construction of magazines for '_ 547 measures to supply the Army with '. 548 arrival of imported 550 State of Virginia requested to loan 558 returns of, to be made .. 556, 557, 569 issues of, how made 559 removal of 545. 664 how obtained 568, 573 report on condition of 570 exportation of, prohibited 573i importation of, to be free of duty 578 to be provided for the militia 574 deposited in certain arsenals on the western waters >7<; depots of, to be established 580 issue of, to emigrants to certain Territories 586 national asylums 592 respecting contracts for manufacture of 588 alteration and improvement of 588 duty remitted on certain imported 590 sale of old or unsuitable 593 damage to, in hands of the troops to be reported 597 696 INDEX. Armstrong, , Page. accepted appointment of deputy commissary 246 Armstrong, John, requested to inspect magazines of provisions 87, 253 Armstrong, John, mentioned 1 76, 297 Army (see Officers), appointments on the civil staff confer no rank in the 14 committee on retrenchment of expenses of the 14 (see Northern army; Southern army. ) mail matter for the, on Mexican frontier and in Mexico 31 committee to provide for the sick of the 369 innoculation in the, discontinued .393 arrears of payment of the, not to exceed two months 460, 461, 462 sale of stores prior to reduction of the 568 Army Corps, staff officers of, how appointed 45, 112, 231, 348 of, how constituted 76, 79, 116, 211, 345, 348, 355, 591, 604, 625 ambulance service of 420, 421, 422, 423 Army Register, retired officers to be borne on the 32, 40 Arnold, Benedict, mentioned 245 Arrest, warrant officers in the civil staff liable to 161, 293, 383, 490, 558, 644 officers of the Commissary Department liable to 257 Arsenals (see Naval arsenals; Manufactories; St. Louis Arsenal), Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565 principal, where located 570 establishment of 572, 576, 578, 582, 583, 584, 588, 591 , 601 keepers of, to make returns to Ordnance Department 580 pay of officers employed in the 585 Articles of War, to be distributed to the Army 54 considered by Congress 123 copies of the, to be countersigned by the Judge- Advocate of the Army... 123 Article 69 128 90 129,133 9i 133 92 133 Artificers (see Pay; Clothing; Rations), . necessary, how appointed 167, 174, 201, 544, 553, 579, 586 (see Harness makers; Collar makers; Wheelwrights.) company of, authorized 18b to have but one officer 560 corps of, how organized 198 regiment of, how organized 561 dissolved 563 removal to Carlisle of all, in Pennsylvania 562 (see Southern arm"*.) necessary, at Springfield to be retained 565 guilty of neglect of duty, how punished 575 in armories exempted from jury duty . 576 reports of, to be made 578 may be attached to regiments, corps, or garrisons 580 respecting, of the Ordnance Corps in Mexico 586 to be designated as privates of the first class 591 Artificial limbs, Surgeon-General to furnish 425,426,432 transportation to applicants for 221, 223, 226 Artillery (.see Light artillery; Field artillery; Commissary of artillery; Conductor of artillery), uniform of 16, 21 purchase of wagons for the 147 all sheepskins to be preserved for use of the 322, 565 a paymaster to be appointed to each battalion of 464 commanding officer of, to be member of subordinate board of ordnance. . . 553 arrange all business of the Ordnance Depart- ment to be done in the field 556 INDEX. ' ' 697 Artillery Continued. Page. commanding officer of, to determine details for laboratory work 557 mentioned 557, 558 allowances to commanding officer of 562 a field officer of, to superintend business at Carlisle 562 ammunition for the, in the Southern army 563 Ordnance Department, merged into the 581 act merging the Ordnance Department in the, repealed 583 transfer of officers of, to the Ordnance Department 584, 585 senior officer of, in Army Corps to act as chief of ordnance and artillery. . 591 Artillery-artificers, commissions issued to officers of the 549, 554, 559 to be under command of commissary-general of military stores 552 pay of regiment of . 553, 560, 561, 562 appointments and promotions in regiment of 554, 559 organization of regiment of, reduced 563 Artillerymen, respecting company of laboratory 550 Artillery yard, respecting plan for an 544 Ashley, Moses, appointed brigade major pro tempore 95 Asiatic cholera, inquiry to be made into causes of 427 Ase 98M ents ( see Quotas) , of blankets to be made 252 Atlantic Ocean, respecting deep waterways between the Great Lakes and the 526 AssiamcKNT, of bounty land not recognized 11 retired officers to dutv 34 forbidden 36 at the Soldiers' Home authorized 37 certain officers with increased rank revoked 232,356 officers to duty in the Weather Bureau revoked 625 quota of men to be drafted in districts 668 ASSOCIATIONS, Bureau of Refugees, etc. , to cooperate with benevolent 658 Asyum (see Military asylum). Auditors (see Baggage wagons; Forage; Clothing), duties of army 98 Autograph signatures, written, required in exercising franking privilege 36, 38 Avery, Elisiia, appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 263 pay and rations allowed to 245 mentioned ^ 265 Avi.ktt, William, elected depttty commissary-general for the troops in Virginia 243 of purchases 262 salary increased to $75 per month 251 to purchase not exceeding 10,000 barrels of corn 251 mentioned 282 B. Babcock, Orlando E m mentioned 513 Bad>. on whom conferred; how worn 21 may be worn on occasions of ceremony 36, 43, 44, 48 Baoqaoi w toom, allotment of, to general officers and line officers 172, 186, 494 the Adjutant-General and assistants 63, 65, 172, 187 I n-|>ector-General and assistants 95, 102, 172, 187 Judge- Advocate and deputies 12^,127,172,187 officers of the Quartermaster's Department 172, 187 Department of Military Stores 172, 559 98 INDEX. Baggage wagons Continued. Page. allotment of, to the chief physician of the Army 388 commissaries of issues 308 purchases 308 prisoners 172, 187, 647 deputy paymasters 172, 187, 454, 456 army auditors 1 72 geographers 189, 495 Bailey, John, mentioned 62 Baird, Absalom, promotion of, in the Inspector-General's Department, authorized 113 mentioned 86 Bakers (see Pay; Rations), superintendent of, appointed 253 all army, to be licensed by the superintendent 253 contracts to be made with, to bake flour into biscuits 264 State of Pennsylvania requested to detail, from the militia 264 company of, authorized 281 superintendent of, to make returns 318 Baltimore, Md., a quartermaster appointed for town of 153 respecting care of the sick in 370 paymaster appointed in 447 respecting deputy paymaster at , 449 removal of military stores at 546 Baldesqui, Joseph, resignation accepted 451 mentioned 451 Baldwin, Jeduthan, appointed engineer in the Continental Army 487 allowed pay and rank of lieutenant-colonel 485 to receive pay of colonel as heretofore 492 mentioned 490,494,563 Bancker, Everett A., mentioned 121 Band, authorized for battalions of engineers 528 Bandages, importation of, ordered 364, 365 Bank of Philadelphia, requested to purchase cattle in lieu of flour 310 Banks, John, appointment of, as conductor of artillery confirmed 568 Bankson, John, appointed inspector pro tern 100 Bannister, Seth, member of committee 283 Barber, William, on the march, attached to General Mifflin's division 60, 90 to do duty of subinspector in General Lord Stirling's division 94 to undertake the subinspectorship of Hand's, Maxwell's, and Stark's brigades .? "5 permitted, for the present, to decline duties of inspector 95 appointed to act as subinspector 89 division inspector 100 Barber, Nathaniel, pay of, as deputy commissary of artillery 546 resignation accepted 563 Barker, Samuel Augustus, to act as brigade-major 56 Barnes, Joseph K., mentioned 362 Barrack Master General, pay of 151 t< > make return of his assistants 165 Barrack masters, appointment of 143,181,198,201 discharge of 163 INDEX. 699 Barrack master's department, Page. duties of officers of the, respecting articles furnished to Congress 157 supernumerary officers in the, to he discharged 166 ' al olished 166 Barracks, to 1 >e built where permanent magazines are estahlished 152 respecting building of 155,164,184,220 placed in charge of Quartermaster-General 163 to be provided for prisoners of war 640, 643 Barrels, Flour, pork, and heef, how disposed of 275 Bartlett, John, elected physician and surgeon-general of army in Northern Department.. 374 mentioned 362 Bartlett, Josiah, Member of committee 247, 540 Batch elder, Richard N., mentioned 140 Bates, Alfred E., mentioned 443 Bathorses, allotment of, to the Inspector-General 95, 172 Judge- Advocate and deputies 126, 1 72 officers of the Quartermaster's Department 172, 187 Department of Military Stores 1 72, 187, 567, 568 commissary of prisoners 172, 647, 651 brigade quartermasters 172 express postmaster and express rider 172, 187 Battalion paymasters, authorized for the Corps of Artillery 464 Baxter, Jedediah H., mentioned _ 362 Baynton, John, appointed deputy paymaster-general to the troops on the frontiers of Vir- ginia and Pennsylvania 447 resigned 453 mentioned 453 Bayonets, respecting manufacture of 537, 539, 543 good firelocks "without, not to be rejected 538 impressment of 548 Beackly, Christian, commissioned first lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 Beacons, sites for, to be determined by Topographic Bureau 505 Beatty, John, elected commissary -general of prisoners 641 resignation accepted <>47 mentioned 637 Beatfokd, , mentioned 380 Bebee, James, to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 401 mentioned 493 Bedding, to be furnished to the troops 143 Bedford. Guhwihg, appointed deputy muster master for the New York Department 631 promoted muster master general 682 mentioned 629 Bkdloe, Willi \.m, mentioned 450 Beef flwe Cattle; Barrels), exportation of, prohibited 251, 280 committee to provide fresh 268 States' quotas of 306, 312, 818, 8 1 4 how delivered and paid for 307, 316 ,700 INDEX. Beef Continued. Page. part of quota of, from Maryland may be retained in that State 310 fresh, to be issued daily 322 Beer, contracts to be made for supplying 265 Bell, John B., mentioned . _ 52, 86 Bell, William H., mentioned 238 Bells (see Church hells). Belton, John, to superintend the making and altering 100 muskets 547 Bexet, Stephen V., mentioned 534 Bernard, Simon, to be assistant in the Corps of Engineers 499 to have rank of brigadier-general by brevet 500 Berrien, John, appointed brigade-major 59 mentioned 59 Bethlehem, Pa., removal of military stores to 548 Biddle, Clement, ' elected deputy quartermaster-general 144 appointed commissary -general of forage 152 mentioned 144 Bills of credit, depreciation of continental, to be remedied 17 Binding, by the Public Printer not to exceed allotment to bureaus 44 Bixney, Barnabas, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 Bird, , mentioned 540 Biscuits, flour to be baked into 264 respecting issue of captured 322 Blacksmiths (see Pay; Rations; Clothing), company of, to be sent to camp 145 to be attached to ambulance corps of divisions 422 necessary, in Ordnance Department to be enlisted . 579, 586 to be designated as "corporals" 590 Blaine, Ephraim, appointed to purchase blankets and shoes ! 243 commissary for Colonel Mackay ' s battalion 248 to the troops in Cumberland County, Pa 252 elected deputy commissary-general of purchases 265 commissary -general of purchases 303 to make returns of supplies furnished by each State 312 continued commissary -general of purchases 317 mentioned 238, 278, 303 Bland, Richard, mentioned ,, 1 26, 398 Blaney, Aaron, pay and rations allowed to, as issuing storekeeper 244 Blankets, importation of 242, 251 purchase of 146,243,247,249,250,275 allowance to men bringing a good new, into camp 241 . 249 assessment of, recommended to State legislatures 252 price to be charged to enlisted men for ,,- - 268 issues of - pOl, :U' S to be delivered to director-general of hospital 277, 376 Bleeker, Leonard, to do the duty of inspector 1W Blicker, James, elected deputy commissary-general of issues -65 mentioned 265 INDEX. 701 Bloomfield, Moses, Page. appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 resignation accepted 390 mentioned .' 395 Board of Commissioners (see Soldiers' Home), to investigate plan for reclamation of alluvial basin of Mississippi River.. 512 Board of Ordnance, composition of subordinate 488, 553 Board of Ordnance and Fortification, composition and duties of the 523, 602 Board of Treasury, mentioned 163, 169, 175, 178, 190, 255, 259, 263, 277, 285, 294, 298, 302, 305, 326, 327, 328, 450, 452, 457, 551, 557, 562 Board of War, reported a form of a commission for staff officers 14 to purchase six wagons, with horses and harness 147 superintend the civil departments of the Army 153 prepare regulations for the Quartermaster's Department 155 employ agents for the purchase of forage 155 number of wagoners enlisted and regulations inspecting them to be reported to the 162 to superintend the Quartermaster's Department 165 procure from the Quartermaster-General returns of all officers, agents, etc., of the department '. 165 discharge supernumerary officers in the barrack master's department. . 166 purchase covered wagons for the artillery 147 direct disposition of goods seized or contracted for in Philadelphia . . 159-290 suspend or dismiss all supernumerary officers in the Quartermaster's Department 175 furnish the Southern army with tents 180 make contracts for supplying the Army with beer, vegetables, soap, etc. 265 cooperate with General Washington in effectual measures for supplying the Army 268-548 (see Massachusetts Bay. ) inquire what measures have been taken by the Pennsylvania legislature to lay up magazines 279 order purchases of flour and provisions, etc 280 employ agents to purchase meat 280 appoint directors and subdirectors of the company of bakers 281 make regulations for conducting the hides department 285 prepare instructions, etc., for the conduct of the clothier's department. 295 appoint commissaries of hides and make regulations for their govern- ment 297 advise State executive powers of any considerable additions to stock of clothing 299 give orders for supplying prisoners of war with indian meal in lieu of flour 300 purchase leather 300 Hi]>erintend department of purchases and issues 302 furnish the Southern army with clothing and equipments 318 confer with minister from France respecting certain officers 489 frame regulations for the Corps of Engineers, etc 490 employ persons for the manufacture of flints - 541 cr mtract for a number of cannon of the new construction 546 relative to delivery of leather by the 547 authorized to purchase powder and military stores 547 relative to contracts for making steel 550 to inquire into conduct of the armorer's department 554 contract for muskets and bayonets -. 566 furnish certain military stores to the Southern army 563 ammunition and equipments to the artillery and cavalry in the Southern army; employ artificers to repair arms 563 relative to officers and artificers at the Springfield laboratory 565 reports of 287, 291, 490, 49 1 , 51 K I mentioned 153, 161, 162, L68, L68, 170, 173, 174, 176, L78, 260, L'ti. - !, 270, 274, 277, 279, 280, 283, lis"). 288, 298, 298, 299, 304, 306, 308, 816, 317, 819, 382, 4 ( J0, 549, 550, 554, 555, 559, 560, 562, 563, 564, 565 702 INDEX. Board of War and Ordnance, Page. to appoint agents to purchase necessaries for the Army 296 all contracts for casting cannon turned over to the 547 to submit estimate for a brass foundry 551 appoint persons to manufacture flints 541 contract with Mr. Byers as superintendent of a brass foundry 553 for battering cannon, mortars, etc 554 appoint a field commissary of military stores 556 surveyor of ordnance 558 procure a quantity of shot and shell 560 remove unnecessary officers in department of military stores 560 vacate contract with Mr. Byers 565 mentioned 547, 551, 552, 553, 556, 556, 557, 558 Boards (see Medical board; Light-House Board), appointed to reorganize mode of making coast surveys 503 consider subject of fortifications, torpedoes, etc 520, 601 examine all inventions of heavy ordnance, etc 519 to report on property of the Signal Corps 623 Boards of engineers, appointed 511,512, 513, 519, 522, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528 Boards cf enrollment, composition and duties of 668, 670, 672, 673, 674, 676 Boards of examination, composition and duties of 1 211, 212, 346, 347, 470, 471, 673 to pass on officers and men prior to detail for signal duty 614 Bono, Otto, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Bombardiers, company of, how organized 498 disbanded 500 Bomford, George, mentioned 534 Bond, Jr., Thomas, elected purveyor 389 mentioned 3(52, 391 Bonds,, to be furnished bv officers of the Quartermaster's Department 199, 202, 205, 207, 208 department of purchases 269, 284, 285, 335, 338, 448 issues 269, 284, 285, 448 Pay Department 445, 448, 455, 458, 459, 460, 461, 463, 464, 466, 467. 4iS Medical Department 410, 419. 423 clothier-general 318 paymasters and military storekeepers at arsenals and armories 585 commissioner and assistants of Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, etc 655, 866, 857 of officers of the Pay Department, when to be renewed 469 Books, for the inspecting and mustering department 1 79 respecting purchase of, for the Adjutant-General's Office 80 Boston Harbor, Mass., mentioned 511 Boudinot, Elias, appointed commissary-general of prisoners, with rank of colonel 639 empowered to appoint deputies 639 mentioned 127, 637. 641 Bounty, wagoners to receive same, as enlisted men of the Army 161 a suit of clothes as a 162 respecting a, for the manufacture of muskets 541 to laborers of the Ordnance Department . 579 respecting, of soldiers transferred to the Navy , 672. <>^7 received by minors to be repaid before their discharge 875 respecting, for colored volunteers 676 INDEX. * 703 Bounty fund, , Page. retained, of colored soldiers, how disposed of 659, 660 Bounty land (see Land), artificers and laborers of ordnance entitled to 586 Bowman, John, elected deputy paymaster for the western district 453 Box, Daniel, t< i do duty as brigade major 53, 55 mentioned 54, 56 Bradford, John. mentioned 179, 181, 273, 300 Bradford, William, to do duty as brigade major 56 Bradford, Jr., William, elected deputy muster master general 634 mentioned 635 Brandy, included in the ration 328, 330, 333 Brandywine, issue of rum for gallantry of troops in battle of 268 Brandywine Shoals, Pa., works i hi. mentioned 504 Braxton, Carter, member of committee 540 Brazos River Channel and Dock Company, mentioned 526 Bread (gee Hard bread). Brkck, Samuel, mentioned 52 Brkckenridoe, Joseph C, mentioned 86 .Breeches. purchase of leather and deerskins for 153, 274 buckskin, to be purchased 142 Breech-loading guns, respecting contraction and test of 593 Brent, Robert, mentioned 443 Brevets (see Uniforms), may be issued to certain officers who in 1777 held a commission by, higher than their present rank 23 conferrable for gallant services 26 ten years' service in any one grade 26, 681 only by consent of the Senate 29 on volunteer officers for services prior to appointment in Regular Army 36 when, entitled to pay or emoluments 456 Brewen, Jeremiah, appointed to superintend the artificers 490 Brewer, Jonathan, appointed barrack master 142 mentioned 142 Brewer, Samiel, mentioned 53, 54 Bill RES, contractors offering, bow punished 216 Brick, Benjamin \\\, mentioned 443 Brick, Jacob, appointed brigade major 62 inspector 95 Bridges, construction of, across the Detroit River 320 Great Kanawha River, West Virginia 522 location of, across Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky 522 (see National Road; North River Bridge.) examinatic >n and construction of "ill, 512 704 INDEX. Bridges Continued. Page. over the Mississippi River to St. Louis, Mo ' 526 (see Memorial Bridge.) across Niagara River 527 Brigade inspectors (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons), authorized 89, 93, 95, 96, 104, 105, 107, 108 appointed 61, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 100 office of, annexed to that of brigade majors 61 , 93 duties of 93, 97, 98 respecting tents for ;. 99 provisionally retained 110 superseded by assistant inspectors-general 110 Brigade majors (see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 53, 54, 60, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71 appointed 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66 to hold their rank in the line 60, 70 office of brigade inspector annexed to that of 61 , 93 Brigade quartermasters (see Pay), how appointed 156 authorized 195, 202 appointed 183 to perform duties of conductors of military stores 568 superseded by assistant quartermasters-general 202 Brigades, respecting staff officers of 45 composition of staff of 75, 96, 106, 194, 207, 210, 344, 416 issue of signal flags to 186 lieutenants of ambulance corps to be assigned to 420 a conductor of military stores to be assigned to 559 Brigade surgeons, to be known as surgeons of volunteers and attached to the general medical staff 419 Brimfield, , appointed brigade inspector 80 Brimstone, collection of, in the several colonies 5:35 Brookfield, Mass., order for a laboratory at, revoked o47 Brooks, John, attached, on the march, to General de Kalb's division 60, 90 to be considered as deputy adjutant-general at AVest Point 62 appointed to act as subinspector 89 Brown, Clark, mentioned 144 Brown, Daniel, pay and rations allowed to 244 Brown, Hubbard, appointed conductor of artillery 539 Brown, James, elected chief physician of the Army 394 mentioned 362 Brown, Josiah, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk at scales 244 Brown, Nathan D., mentioned 443 Brown, William, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Brown. William, elected assistant physician for the flying camp , 387 surgeon-general of hospital in the middle department 375 physician-general in the middle department * !~ s resignation accepted 383 mentioned 361 , 878 Brownson, Nathan, elected deputy purveyor of hospital for the Southern army 393 hospital 398 INDEX. 705 Brunswick, N. J., Pa e. mentioned 380 Brixswick, Ga., respecting inspection of work on outer bar of 525, 526 Buchanan, William, elected deputy commissary -general of purchases 262 commissary-general of purchases 265 mentioned 238,264,265,279,283 Buckshot, to be put into all cartridges 548 Buffington, Adelbert R., mentioned 534 Buildings {see Pension Bureau; School buildings), rent of certain, occupied for public uses 571 all, no longer wanted to be sold 178 limitation of expenditures on public 229 respecting, held t>y the late Confederate States 658 Bullets, imported, to be purchased 555 Bullit, Thomas, appointed deputy adjutant-general 54 advanced to rank of colonel 54, 57 Bullock, Archibald, member of committee ....'. 540 Buoys, sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505 Burbeck, Henry, mentioned 483 Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, created 655 to prohibit whipping or maiming 659 operations of, in States when discontinued 661 educational department of the, to be continued 662 when to be discontinued 663 mentioned 656,659,660,661,662 Bureau of Military Justice, created 131 how constituted 131, 132 merged into Judge-Advocate-GeneraPs Department 133 Bureaus, heads of, not to print their reports at public expense 31 receive pay for services when the Government is a party. 34 official letters to heads of, to pass free of postage 38 franking privilege conferred on heads of 34, 38 (see Topographical Bureau.) official postage to be paid from contingent fund of 681 Burke, Thomas, member of committee 253 mentioned 318 Burnet, William, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 elected physician and surgeon-general of army in Eastern Department . . . 374 chief physician and surgeon of the hospitals ." 392 mentioned 362,395 Bushnelx, David, to be commissioned lieutenant of sappers and miners 491 promoted to rank of captain 493 t<> command the corps of sa 1 pers and miners ^ 495 BUTCHKBS, (>ay of, by whom regulated 262 i< > w governed 305 Butler. AssoV, mentioned 548 Butlek, Edward, mentioned 51,52,86,36 BUTLKB, Tiiom \n, appointed public armorer 545 mentioned 554 S. Doc. 229 45 706 INDEX. Butler, William, Page. mentioned 62 Byers, James, mentioned 553, 565, 569 C. Cabell, , appointed brigade major 61 inspector 89, 94 Cadets (see Medical Cadets), ten, authorized in Corps of Engineers 497 Caldwell, Andrew, commissioned second lieutenant of artillery 549 resignation accepted 559 Caldwell and Mease, (Messrs. ), mentioned 246 Calhoun, John C, mentioned 4, 5, 533 California, respecting a deep-water harbor on the coast of 525 pay of military storekeepers in, increased 587 respecting arsenal buildings in 588 California Debris Commission, how organized 525 California Volunteers, traveling expenses of, discharged in certain Territories 472 Calumet River, III., mentioned 519 Calfskins, to be dressed for drumheads 311, 562 Camden, N. J., mentioned 522 Camp (see Flying Camp), respecting, in Virginia, for prisoners of war 160 erection of shades and bowers in 186 Campaigns, . inspections and reviews to be held at end of 88 Campbell, Donald, elected deputy quartermaster-general 141 to have the rank of colonel 141 Campbell, George, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Camp equipage, articles of, how obtained . 145, 247 to be purchased 145 provision and distribution of 174 Secretary of War to provide yearly for necessary 195 may be issued to detachments of sailors or marines 202 Quartermaster's Department to receive and distribute all 204, 340 duties of line officers respecting, received by them 204 to be furnished to Southern Army 318 Camp kettles (see Kettles). Canada (see Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions, Muster-Master- General), medicines to be sent to troops in 365 a physician and surgeon for the troops in 366 Canadian volunteers, payments to 465 Canals, engineer officers to be detailed for making surveys, etc. , of 500 around Falls of the Ohio River mentioned 505 (see Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. ) respecting, routes from Lake Erie to the Ohio River 526 (see Nicaraguan Canal; Illinois and Michigan Canal; Ship Canal; Iron Company Canal; Hennepin Canal; Louisville and Portland Canal. ) INDEX. 707 Candidates, . Page, examination of all, for appointment in hospital department 405 Candles, exportation of, prohibited 251 Canisters (see Cartridge Canisters). Cannon committee, to estimate number of cannon wanted 538 purchase or contract for cannon 539, 540, 541, 542 increased ,. 539 to employ proper persons to see the cannon proved 540 have certain cannon mounted if fit for service 544 deliver all contracts to the Board of War 547 Cannons (see Howitzers; Mortars; Ordnance; Contracts; Cannon Commit- tee), importation of 536, 537 purchase of 539, 541, 544, 571 powder to be furnished for proving 543 (see Fcrnaces.) disposition of captured 544 report on condition of - ' 570 for port and harbor of Annapolis 573 superintendent of manufacture of iron, authorized 586 experiments and testa of 593 al 1 rifled, to be tested . 600 issues of smoothbore, for experimental purposes 601 Canteens, to be provided 144, 687 Canvas (see Tents). Capitaine , granted rank of captain in the Corps of Engineers 488 Capitol, removal of railroad track in front of the 511 electrical apparatus in the, how supervised 512 Capitulation, benefits to officers from, at Yorktown 19 Captain, grade of, abolished in the Adjutant-General's Department 76 Caw, worsted, authorized 142, 291 purchase of uniform or forage, forbidden until old pattern is exhausted . . 222 woolen, to be issued to the troops 291 Carbines, may 1 te issued to employees of the Quartermaster's Department . 143, 540 Carey, Asa B., mentioned 443 Carey, Richard, appointed brigade major 53 Carlisle, John, appointed an assistant to the Adjutant-General 64 to do the duty of brigade major 65 appointed assistant adjutant-general 66 Carlisle, Pa. (see Commissary of Military Stores), magazines of provisions to be formed at 316 military stores to be removed to 546 I ay of contractor for lumber wanted at 549 artificers in department of military stores in Pennsylvania to be removed to. 562 respecting artillery artificers at 563 Oabmb, John, appointed assistant deputy apothecary in Southern Department 395 Carpenters, respecting appointment of a master 141 carbines may be issued to, in Quartermaster's Department 143, 540 Carpenters' tools, purchase of, for each regiment authorized 145 Carriage makers (*ee Pay; Rations), employment of, in Ordnance Department, authorized 577, 586 to be designated as "corporals" 590 708 INDEX. Carriages, Page. committee to consider plan for providing, for public service 145 impressment of, to be avoided 146 issue of forage in cases of detained hired 149 Carrington, Edward, mentioned 190, 326, 457, 569 Carrington, Mayo, appointment as deputy quartermaster-general for the Southern army confirmed 180 Carroll, Charles, member of committee 14, 286 mentioned 157 Cartel (see Prisoners ok war). Carter and Wadsworth, (Messrs.), mentioned 324 Cartridge boxes, how to be made 554 Cartridge canisters, tin, may be supplied in lieu of boxes 544 Cartridges, buckshot to be put in all 548 respecting test of graduating and accelerating 593 Cary's Ford Reef, Fla., works at, mentioned 504 Casey, Thomas L., mentioned 483, 513 continued in charge of building for the Library of Congress 525 Caswell, , mentioned 274 Cattle (see Live stock; Inspector of cattle; Wagonmaster-General), horns of killed, to be saved 142, 538 hides, tallow, etc., of killed, to whom delivered 270, 291 Connecticut requested to furnish 275 superintendents of, how governed 305 Bank of Philadelphia requested to purchase 310 certain States called on for a supply of 310, 311 Cavalry (see Forage), uniform of 21 horses to be procured for the 180 arms to be provided for the 544, 574 ammunition and equipments for the, in Southern army 563 Cavalry forge, division ambulance officer to have a traveling 422 Cemetery (see National cemeteries), near City of Mexico subject to same rules as national cemeteries 221, 222 Certificates, of administration of oath of office 175 issues of, in Quartermaster's Department 160, 161, 177 Commissary Department 259, 292, 309, 319 of clothing 292,293 lists of commissaries of purchases and issues authorized to give, to be made 326 of discharge from draft . 670, 671 enlistment of slaves 675 Champion, , appointed barrack master to the French army 181 Channel, respecting a, through Southwest Pass of Mississippi River 526 through Sabine Lake to be reexamined 528 Chapman, Nathaniel, commissioned captain in regiment of artillery artificers 554 excused from further service 561 Chaplains (see Hospital chaplains). Charleston, S. C. (see Commissary of Prisoners). Chase, Samuel, member of committee 246, 283, 367 INDEX. 709 Chase, Thomas, Page. to continue to do duty of brigade-major 53 mentioned 53 Checks, in payment of claims of colored soldiers to whom made payable 660 Cheever, Ezekiel, appointed commissary of artillery stores 536 excused from further service 560 mentioned 533, 539 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, mentioned 526 Chesapeake Bay, mentioned 500 Chester, John, mentioned 56 Chief Engineer, authorized , 485 appointed 487 to be member of subordinate Board of Ordnance 488, 553 Chief Hospital Physicians (see Pay), authorized 384 appointed 389 duties of 384,385,386,387,389 to be appointed by Congress 388 office of, abolished 396 Chief of Artillery and Ordnance. senior artillery officer in Army Corps to act as 591 Chief of Engineers (see Rank; Pay), authorized 509,510,513,527,529 selection of 498,509,510,514 to determine equipments for sappers and miners 504, 513 letters to and from the, free of postage 502 authorized to enlist artificers 497 employ civil engineers 518 special duties assigned to the 511, 513, 515, 516, 523, 524, 525, 527, 528 entitled to use of books in Library of Congress 524 mentioned 514, 515, 516, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 528 Chief of Ordnance (see Rank; Pay), authorized 579,583,590,592,594,596,604,605 duties of 579, 580, 581, 586, 596, 597, 603, 605 how appointed 592, 597 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 584 rank of assistant to the 603, 604 mentioned 597, 600 Chief of Staff, brigadier assigned to principal army to act as 72, 1 09 Chief of Topographical Engineers, letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 502 Chief Physician (see Director-General and Chief Physician), authorized 366, 384 app >inted 366, 394 to take the oath of office 390 (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Land; Baggage Wagons; Southern Akmv.) Chief Physician and Surgeon (see Physician; Pay), authorized 384 app minted 364, 389, 392 duties of 364, 386 to be appointed by Congress 388 take the oath of office 390 office of, abolished 396 Chief Signal Officer (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized 618,614,616,624,626 < hit ies of 614, 615, 622 may sell surplus maps, etc 615, 616 be detailed to take charge of Weather Bureau 622 mentioned 614, 616, 621, 623, 624 710 INDEX. China, Page, ten per cent increased pay allowed officers serving in 48 Cholera (see Asiatic cholera) . Church bells and others taken from New York to be returned 569 Cider to be supplied to the Army 265 Church, Benjamin, elected director of, and physician in, hospital 363 mentioned 361, 364 arrested for holding correspondence with enemy 364 Church, Thomas, appointed brigade major 62, 95 Churchill, Sylvester, mentioned 86 Cincinnati, Ohio, respecting quartermaster's depot aj; 217 Citizens, grant of half-pay applicable only to officers who are 13 all authorized staff officers to be 70, 108, 195, 407 Civilians, may be appointed to fill vacancies in Quartermaster's Department 227 Commissary Department 353 authority to appoint, as superintendents of armories revoked . - 590 to be examined before appointment as paymasters 477 Civil engineers, may be appointed to vacancies in Corps of Topographical Engineers 502 employment of, in Corps of Engineers 500, 518 authorized 501 authority for employment of, revoked 502 Civil office, half-pay officers may hold a 15, 380, 453 Civil staff, appointments on the, confer no rank in the Armv 14, 635 status of warrant officers on the .* 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644 Claiborne, Richard, appointed brigade major 59 Claims, respecting, of creditors of the U. S 178, 181, 212, 309, 347 to confiscated lands 657 for pay, etc., of colored soldiers 660 to exemption from draft 674, 675 for servants' quarters not allowed 684 payment of, in favor of disloyal persons forbidden 511, 517, 686, 687 Clark, Abraham, member of committee 254, 283 mentioned 454 Clay, Joseph, elected deputy paymaster-general in Georgia 448 to place funds in hands of certain staff officers in State of Georgia 158, 450 mentioned 289, 452 Clerks (me Pay; Rations; Forage). authorized for the Adjutant-General 64 commissary-general of purchases . . ; 306 military stores 551 prisoners 644 Paymaster-General 449, 452 clothier-general 296, 298 necessary, in Quartermaster's Department, how appointed 167, 169, 176, 186 hospital, by whom appointed 364 appointed, in department of military stores 568 (see Paymaster's clerks.) Cleveland, Moses, to be commissioned captain-lieutenant of sappers and miners 491 Clinton, George, member of committee 239, 536 INDEX. 711 Clinton, James, Page. mentioned 55, 60, 94, 96 Cloth, no money to be paid for patent process for preservation of 223 Ci.iitiiier-general (see Pay; Bond), authorized 251, 293 appointed 252,297,318 duties of. . . 266, 267, 273, 275, 281, 287, 292, 293, 298, 301, 319, 320, 321, 322, 326, 491 appointment of, announced to the Army 319 to deliver all cloth fit for tents 148, 253 send agents into each State to buy linen and clothing 251 (see Commissary -general of clothing.) States requested to deliver linen fit for shirts to the 263 to appoint an agent in Georgia 264 deputies in each State 273 remove stores to Bethlehem, Pa 268 (see Clothing; Caps; Clerks.) to deliver blankets, shirts, etc. , for sick and wounded 273, 277, 376 return goods taken from merchants in Philadelphia 293 make full account of sale, etc., of goods taken in Philadelphia 293 receive his instructions from the war office 323 mentioned 182, 251, 252, 262, 274, 276, 285, 294, 321, 322, 376 deputy in Georgia mentioned ." 289, 450 duties of 290 Clothiers' department (see Committee), compilation to be made of regulations of the 286 ordinance regulating the 293 respecting seizures made by officers of the 290 mentioned 321 Clothiers (see Pay; Rations), authorized 293, 301 duties of 182, 294, 295, 299, 301, 319, 321 mentioned 266, 281 Clothing (see Clothier-general; Clothiers; Commissary of clothing; Uni- form) , allowance of, regulated 16, 247, 320 issuable to staff officers 14,301,302,380,451 officers of the hospital department 311, 381, 388 the commissary -general of prisoners 645 hospital stewards 381 geographers 325 sergeants of ordnance 230 artificers 1 6, 1 64, 302, 564 of ordnance 579, 581, 591 engineer soldiers 497,504 enlisted men of the line 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334 wagoners 16, 161, 162, 164, 165, 302 bakers 281 officers' servants 17, 650 respecting insufficiency of stock of 22 purchase of materials for 142, 146, 240 articles of *. 142, 241, 286 punishment for embezzlement, etc., of 177 transportation of 182 respecting damage to or deficiency in 182 Quartermaster-General to receive and distribute all 204, 340 duties of line officers respecting, received by them 204, 224, 225 respecting issues of 205 importation of materials for 242, 243, 252 to be provided 243, 246, 247, 250, 254, 264, 268, 271, 275 (see Caps; Breeches; Stockings; Shirts; Linen; Woolen goods.) disposition of imported, and materials 247, 248, 252, 285, 287, 308, 322 issued to troops, how paid for 249,298,301,302,464 States recommended to impress 275, 276, L'77 employ agents for manufacture of 276, 277 provide, for their respective lines 299 (see Board of wak; Blankets; Rations.) 712 INDEX. Clothing Continued. Page. purchases of and contracts for, by whom made 328 to be provided yearly 332 surplus, to be sold by district paymasters 334, 460, 461 report on 327 commissary-general of purchases to procure all 334 no claim for use of patented process for preserving 220, 223 sale of old pattern, after issue of new uniform 221 President to prescribe quality and kind of 337, 338 paymaster and assistants to have charge of 460 extra issues of, authorized 211, 219, 225, 424 issue of, to be established in general regulations 464 prisoners of war 640 destitute freedmen and refugees 655 miscellaneous issues of, authorized 218, 219, 220, 222, 228, 687 to be purchased for destitute citizens in Cuba 230 mentioned 209, 250, 299, 303, 308, 319, 321, 324, 337, 339, 343, 344, 382, 383, 464, 561 Cly.mer, Daniel, appointed deputy commissary of prisoners 641 Clymer, George, directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the Army in the Northern Department 545 Coast of the United States, respecting survey of the 503 Coats (see Uniforms), wearing red, forbidden 19 purchase of, not to be made until old pattern is exhausted 222 Coburn, John, to be allowed lieutenant's pay 541 Cochran, John, elected physician and surgeon-general in Middle Department 373 chief physician and surgeon 389 director of military hospital 390 mentioned 361,362,392 Cochrane, Robert, to superintend hospital at Albany 382 Coffee, allowance of, fixed 343 may be commuted 345 Cogswell, Samuel, appointed deputy judge-advocate 1 27 Cogswell, Thomas, appointed wagon master to the main Army 1 79 Collar Makers, to be immediately sent to the camp 145 Colonies, respecting importation of war material for the 536, 690 requested to set their gunsmiths at work 537, 543 employ persons to make saltpeter 537, 538, 539 erect powder mills , 540 report condition of lead mines 541 Colors (see Flags) . Colt, Peter, elected deputy commissary-general of purchases 266 Columbia, S. C., arsenal to be established at 601 Columbia Hospital, D. C, mentioned 425 Columbia River, Wash., mentioned 522 Columbus, Ohio, arsenal to be established at 591 Combs, to be provided for the Army 262 INDEX. 713 Commander in Chief (see George Washington), Page. committee appointed to confer with, on retrenchment of expenses 14 recommended that business of repairing coats be considered a primary object 22 empowered to furlough general and staff officers not necessary for the troops remaining in service 23 to regulate issue of forage 58, 151 appointment of brigade majors by the, limited to captains of the brigade. 60 assistants to the Adjutant-General to be approved by the 61 to make regulations for the musters of troops 95 may increase allowance of wagons and bathorses 95, 172, 186 to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to militia in active service 96 regulate time, place, and mode of inspections 100 appoint a wagon master and master carpenter and fix their pay 141 fix allowance of forage 151 order building of storehouses and stockaded barracks at places where a capital magazine is established 152 arrange the Quartermaster's Department to the westward 160 authorized to enlist a corps of wagoners 161, 162 to incorporate corps of wagoners with the line of the Army 164 designate places of deposit for the States' quotas of supplies 166 regulate issue of clothing to Avagoners 182 issue of forage to the 187 baggage wagons and bathorses for the 186 to form and fix magazines of provisions 245 offered reward for best substitute for shoes 274 authorized to determine the ration to be issued to troops 288 to arrange the Commissary Department to the westward 292 nomination, by the director of hospital and chief physician and surgeon, of surgeons not belonging to any State line, subject to approval of the. . 395 to form and fix magazines of military stores 541 with the commander of artillery, to arrange all business of the Ordnance Department necessary to be done in the field 556 to make a return of the officers in the Engineer Department 492 direct what clothing shall be issued to artificers 564 be furnished with returns of ordnance and ordnance stores 565 appoint a commissary of prisoners 650 mentioned 150, 151, 158, 162, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 179, 180, 181, 185, 186, 242, 245, 251, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 266, 270, 282, 283, 284, 287, 293, 294, 295, 300, 301, 305, 307, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 363, 366, 368, 370, 372, 380, 384, 335, 386, 393, 395, 396, 398, 448, 451, 488, 490, 491, 493, 495, 541, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 563, 564, 566, 567 Commerce, observations and signals for the benefit of 614 Commissary Department (see Subsistence Department), pay, etc., to certain employees in the 244, 245 respecting supervision of the 274, 291 transmission of funds for the 283 (See Certificates. ) Commander in Chief to arrange the, westward 292 States requested to inquire into conduct of all persons in .the 297 report on condition of the 327, 328 mentioned 255 Co\lMl>SARV-\IMIss.\|{Y-( iKNKRAL OF FORAGE (see PAY; RATIONS ), appointed in the main Army 152 to supply forage for horses of mem hers of Congress 164 Commissary-General of Issues (see Pay), authorized L'54 appointed 268 to take the oath of office 261 duties of 2">"), 266, 267, 268, 260, 262, 268, 289, 275, 287, 290, 291, 305, 306, 821, 826, 8 13 mentioned 266,279,300,303 714 INDEX. Commissary-General of Issues Continued. Page. deputy, authorized 254, 264, 269, 271, 272 appointed 263, 264, 265, 266, 272, 278, 291 to take the oath of office 261 mentioned 269, 279 Commissary-General of Military Stores (see Pay; Rations; Forage), < authorized 551 appointed 565 duties of 546, 548, 551 mentioned 155, 557 Commissary-General of Musters (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized . 633 appointed 634 duties of 633 mentioned 252, 634 and assistants granted one year's pay 636 deputy, appointed 635 Commissary-General of Ordnance, authorized 576 duties of 577, 578, 579 letters etc. , to and from the, free of postage 579 Commissary-General of Prisoners (see Pay; Rations; Clothing), appointed 639, 641, 648 duties of 549, 639, 640, 641, 642, 644, 645, 647, 649 to be informed Congress disapproves of partial exchanges 643 reside at Army headquarters 644 mentioned 291, 639, 641 Commissary-General of Purchases (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Bond), authorized 254, 281, 316, 334, 339 appointed 265, 283, 303 to take the oath of office 261 keep his office where Congress shall sit 261 not obliged to reside at place where Congress sits 283 duties of 255, 257, 260, 262, 264, 268, 269, 270, 271, 276, 277, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 299, 300, 302, 305, 312, 316, 317, 326, 334, 336, 343 (see Certificates. ) not to be interested in trade 334, 335 letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 335 mentioned 273, 275, 278, 279, 289, 300, 316, 317, 335, 336, 337, 448, 641 office of, abolished 342 assistant, authorized 284 to reside at Army headquarters 284 not to be interested in trade 335 mentioned 317 deputy, authorized 254, 264, 269, 271 , 272, 304, 316, 334 appointed 265, 266, 273 to take the oath of office 261 duties of 254, 256, 257, 260, 264, 269, 270, 273, 282, 284, 293, 317, 334, 336, 361 (see Certificates. ) funds for the deputy, in Georgia , 450 deputy, mentioned 278,299,302,641 Commissary-General of Stores and Purchases (see Pay; Forage), authorized ". 239 appointed 239 appointment of, announced to the Army 239 ' duties of 152, 158, 240, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 254 to deliver all stores to Commissary-General of Issues 255 and deputies entitled to benefits under the Yorktown capitulation 19 mentioned 251 deputy, authorized 239, 243 appointed 243 duties of 240,245,248,251 Commissary-General of Subsistence (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized 338,339,345,348,350 to give bond and not to be concerned in trade 338 how appointed 349, 352 INDEX. 715 Commissary-General of Subsistence Continued. Page. duties of 338,347 letters to and from the, free of postage 339, 340 ex officio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 343, 352, 353 mentioned 340, 352 assistant, authorized 341,346,348,349,350 ( o.MMISSARY OF ARMY ACCOUNTS, duties of Paymaster-General merged with those of the 457 Commissary of artillery (see Pay), authorized ' 536 aj (pointed 536 member of subordinate board of ordnance 553 Commissary of clothing (see Pay; Rations), authorized 246,247,248 appointed 248 assistants to the, authorized 247 Commissary of forage (see Pay; Rations; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 148, 155, 169 appointed 179 duties of 155, 158, 169, 170 mentioned 148, 150, 155, 159, 288 assistant, authorized 169 duties of 158,169,170 Commissary of hides (see Pay) , authorized 263, 297 appointed 263,265 duties of 263, 270, 271, 274, 547 mentioned 285, 291, 297, 321 assistants, authorized 298 Commissary of hospitals (see Pay; Rations; Clothing), authorized 370 Commissary of issues (see Pay; Forage), authorized 264, 280, 285, 337 appointed 245, 248, 249, 252 duties of 98, 258, 259, 260, 261, 267, 270, 281, 306, 311, 376, 382, 562, 565 mentioned 246,263,293,296,641 Commissary of military stores (see Field commissary of military stores), authorized 551, 560, 567, 568 appointed 542, 545, 549 not to dispose of stores without order of Congress 568 in Pennsylvania to return certain bills 569 (see Pay; Baggage wagons), mentioned 263, 547, 551, 566, 567 deputy, mentioned 571 Commissary of musters (see Pay), authorized 631 Commissary of ordnance (see Pay), deputy, authorized 576, 579 duties of 577 ( ommissary of ordnance stores, appointed 549 Commissary of prisoners (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bat- horses), salary of, to be fixed by commander in chief 639 authorized 639,648,650 duties of 639,644 order of, sufficient for issue of provisions 278, 641 mentioned 650 deputy, authorized 639 appointed (HI duties of 649 Commissary of pirciiasks (see Pay; Baggage wagons), authorized 280, 336 appointed 4 286 to take oath of office 284 duties of 256, 284, 31 7 allowances to 281, 283 716 INDEX. Commissary of purchases Continued. Page. mentioned 247, 307, 318 deputy, authorized 334, 337 duties of 334 to give bonds 335 mentioned 335 assistant, authorized 304, 317 appointed 282 duties of 282, 305 allowances to certain 264, 282 Commissary of stores (see Pay), duties of 246 mentioned 246 deputy, authorized 247, 248, 251 mentioned 247 assistant, appointed 250 Commissary of stores and provisions, Connecticut to appoint a 239 appointed 239,243,245 Commissary of subsistence (see Rank; Pay), authorized 340,341,342,344,345,348,349,350 to give bonds 342 to be examined as to qualifications 346 number of, reduced 350, 355 mentioned 355, 356 assistant, authorized 339, 342 not separated from the line 341 to give bonds 342 be examined as to qualifications 346 Commissary for horses and wagons, authorized . . .* 165 Commissary sergeants, authorized 349, 350, 351 , 357 Commission (see Mississippi River Commission; Missouri River Commission; California Debris Commission; Deep Waterways Commission). Commission (Army), in every, ' ' United States ' ' to replace ' ' United Colonies " 11 form of, for staff officers 14 Commission, officers of Quartermaster's Department receiving a, not entitled to pay or rations 162 allowed to Commissary-General of Purchases 243, 2S1 , 304 superintendents for purchase of flour 280 deputy paymasters-general 454 Commissioner of Pensions, to pay commutation for artificial limbs 425, 432 Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds, office of, abolished; duties of, by whom performed 511 duties of 510, 511, 512 Commissioner of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen (see Pay; Bonds; Oath of Office), authorized 655 duties of 655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662 mentioned 660 assistant, authorized 655, 656 how appointed 662 duties of 657, 658 army officers not entitled to extra pay for duty as 656 detailed as, may be retained 661 Commissioners (see Engineer Commissioner; Soldiers' Home). Committees of Congress (see Cannon; Medical; Secret Committees), to extract from the journals all resolutions relative to the Army 14 confer with General Washington on means of retrenching expenses 14 consider a report for a further allowance to officers of the Army 15 confer with General Washington to perfect arrangement of staff depart- ments 17 INDEX. 7 17 Committees of Congress Continued. i'&ge. to confer with Mr. du Coudray 87 define powers to be granted and exercised by Mr. du Coudray 87 purchase woolen goods for the use of the Army 142-240 materials for watch coats 142-241 consider plan for providing carriages for the public service 145 confer with General Washington on improvement of present state of the army in Philadelphia 146-249 in Philadelphia to inform the Quartermaster-General of number of horses and oxen fit for service 147 in conjunction with General Washington to make appointments for the Quartermaster's Department 155 to extract from the journals the regulations of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment 157 superintend the Quartermaster's Department 159 on Quartermaster's Department, increased 163, 164 discharged 165 to inquire into easiest methods of making salt 239 devise ways and means for providing clothing 246 provide the northern army with provisions 246 employ persons to purchase blankets and woolens 247 on clothing, increased 247 the Commissary Department, increased 253, 282, 298, 299, 300 Commissary Department, and to devise means for supplying the Army with fresh beef, consolidated 253 to devise ways and means for obtaining a supply of salt 254 report of committee on the Treasury 267 to confer with Mr. Wadsworth respecting office of commissary-general of purchases 283 extract from the journals the regulations of the commissary's and clothier's departments 286 marine committee, mentioned 287, 300 to superintend the Commissary Department 291 on the clothier's department, increased 291 departments of purchases and issues, discharged 303 to report on method of establishing an hospital / 363 devise ways and means for obtaining medicines 364, 367 relative to purchase of medical stores by the 364, 367 to forward medical stores, etc., to certain points 365, 367, 368 procure medicines, increased 365, 366 inquire into abuses in the Medical Department 368 report of, on the Treasury '. . 450 on the Treasury, mentioned 452, 453 to repair to the camp, mentioned 485 consider ways and means to obtain ammunition and military stores 535 devise ways and means to introduce manufacture of saltpeter 535 make inquiries relative to lead and leaden ores 536, 537 advise General Schuyler to purchase arms of sick officers and soldiers . 537 contract for making muskets and bayonets 539, 541 devise ways and means to encourage manufacture of saltpeter, sulphur, etc 540 consider plan for an artillery yard 544 procure steel and nail rods 545 reports of 145, 146, 153, 155, 190, 250, 282, 287, 310, 326, 363, 555, 569 Commutation (nee Subsistence money; Half pay), rate of, for rations 11, 14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 31, 35, 185, 261, 323, 325, 333, 379, 470, 575, 681 resecting, of forage 18, 21, 25, 27, 33, 40, 67, 68, 70, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128 rations 19,67,104 not allowed to officers neglecting to draw rations 21 officers furnished quarters in kind not entitled to increased 36 for fuel prohibited 41 of rations may be paid to soldiers held prisoner* of war 348 Com nutation money, may be paid by drafted men 671, 674 n< >t accepted unless from iioncombatants 677 718 INDEX. Companies (see Green and Barren River Navigation Company; Monon- gahela Navigation Company; Portage Lake and River Company Canal; Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and Iron Company Canal) . Compensation, P&ge. to owners of slaves enlisted 676 Conductor of artillery, authorized 576 appointed 539 Conductor of military stores (see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 551 appointed 568 duties of 551 to be appointed to each brigade . .. 559 (see Field commissary of military stores; Brigade quartermasters.) Conductor of wagons (see Wagon master; Pay; Rations), authorized 171, 186 how appointed 167 mentioned 145, 182 Confederate States, respecting land, buildings, etc. , held by the late 658 Congress, Continental (see Thanks of congress; Resolves of congress), reserved power of appointment or promotion 11 distribution of the journals of - . . 63, 99 care of horses of members of 156, 164, 179 issues of stores to members of 153, 269 discontinued 166, 306 member of, to visit hospitals in middle department 376 Connecticut, uniform of the, line 15 magazines of provisions to be established in 157 quota of, to be furnished in forage 1 66 provisions 306, 307, 312 in stores, when deliverable 314 authorities of, requested to appoint commissaries 239 assist in procuring transportation 272, 275 furnish flour 304 cattle 310 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 provisions furnished by, how paid for 307 respecting the Salisbury Iron Works in 549 Connor, Morgan, to act as Adjutant-General pro tempore. . . : .' 57 mentioned. - 51, 58 Contagious diseases (see Clothing), respecting hospital for 368 Contingent fund (see Portage), restriction on expenditure of f 684 Contractors, necessary, to be appointed _ _ 167 allowances to 191 offering bribes, how punished. 216 employment of, not desirable for supplying the Northern army 251 duties of, supplying rations 322 respecting settlement with ; 454 pay of the, at Carlisle, Pa 549 Contracts (see Inspector of contracts), how made 29, 177, 191, 193, 195, 203, 208, 209, 225, 309, 328, 331, 338, 339, 343, 344, 352, 402, 403, 415, 431, 507, 508, 516, 571, 575, 589, 599, 617 report on system of supplying the Army by 170, 191 performance of, for subsistence of the Army 327, 328 where to be deposited 194,331,404,575 for casting cannon 540, 542, 546, 554, 565 for subsistence of Southern army 248 all, for casting cannon to be turned over to the Board of War 547 respecting manufacture of arms by 588 uniformity in making 509, 686, 687 restriction on the making of 225, 352, 432, 517, 599, 617 INDEX. 719 Contract surgeons (See Mileage), Page. authorized 436, 438 number of 428 limitation on number of, suspended 428 to attend families of officers and men 433 Converse, Thomas, to do duty of brigade-major pro tempore 63 inspector 99, 100 Conway, Thomas, appointed major-general 88 mentioned 58, 59, 60, 85, 88, 89, 91 Cooke, , mentioned 146 Cooking, Medical officers to assist in supervision of, for the men 420 Cooks, ten, allowed in the signal corps 626 Cooper, Samuel, mentioned .. 52 Coopers, authorized 261, 275 pay of, by whom regulated 262 mentioned 305 Copeland, Asa, appointment of, as conductor of artillery, confirmed 568 Copper, Governor of Virginia requested to purchase 544 Corbin, Henry C, mentioned 52 Corn (see Indian Corn). Cornell, E., mentioned 564 Cornell, Ezekiel, appointment of, as inspector for main army announced 324 mentioned 324 Cornets, subsistence money to, of horse 299 Corporals, armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths to be designated as 590 Corps of artificers (see Artificers), how organized 198 Corps of Engineers (see Engineering Department; Chief of Engineers), uniform of the 18 organized 490,497,510,513,527,528,529 increased 498, 502, 503, 508, 509 commandant of the, by whom appointed 490 appointed 491 how selected 498 (see Shirts; Linen.) returns of the officers of the, to be made 492 accepted commutation in lieu of half-pay 495 memorial on necessity for a 495 to constitute a military academy 497, 498 professors attached to the 497, 498 enlisted men in the, authorized 497 (see Board of Engineers; Engineer officers; Engineer soldiers.) retained 499 assistant in the, authorized 499, 500 (see Paymasters. ) respecting appointments and promotions in the 511,512,519 Cokps of Topographical Engineers (see Vacancies), organized 502 increased 508, 509 special duties assigned to colonel of the 505 details of officers of the 503,505 abolished 509 720 INDEX. Couloux and Penet, (Messrs.), v&ge. mentioned 555 contract with 555 Court-martial, respecting depositions in trials by 125, 133 attendance of civilian witnesses 125, 130, 132, 133 duties of the judge-advocate of a 129, 133, 134 Cowan, Isaac, commissioned captain of artillery 549 to receive additional pay 550 mentioned 550, 560 Cox, John, appointed assistant quartermaster-general 156 to employ a deputy to attend Congress 156 Cox, Richard, continued in the office of brigade major 65 mentioned 66 Craig, Henry K., mentioned 534 Craig, James, mentioned 362 Craighill, William P., mentioned 483 Craigie, Andrew, elected apothecary 389 snentioned . _ 362 Craik, James, elected chief hospital physician 389 appointed chief physician and surgeon 392 mentioned 362, 392 Crane, Charles H., mentioned 362 Crane, Stephen, member of committee 239, 536 Crawford, William, mentioned 59 Crawford, William H., mentioned 5 Credit, respecting purchase of rations on 687 Credits, respecting, in drafts ordered 678, 679 Creditors, settlement of claims of 178, 309, 318 payments to disloyal, forbidden 424, 472, 511 , 592, 686, 687 Crocket, James, mentioned 593 Croghan, George, appointed brigade major 61 inspector 89, 94 mentioned 86 Crook, Joseph, appointed to superintend the hospital at New Windsor 400 Cuba, pay of officers in, increased 47 issue of public stores to destitute inhabitants of 231, 356 arms, etc. , to the people of 604 Cumberland road, mentioned 501 Cumming, William, mentioned 140 Cushing, Nathaniel, continued in the office of brigade-major 66 Cushing, Samuel T., mentioned 338 Cushing, Thomas H., mentioned 52, 86 INDEX. 721 CUSTOH-HOUSB, Page. respecting compensation of topographical engineer charged with construc- tion of, at New Orleans 505 Cutter, Ammi Ruhamah, elected physician -general of hospital in Eastern Department 374 resignation accepted 378 mentioned 361 CVyi.er, Jacob, elected deputy commissary-general of prisoners 262 D. Dabney, Charles, to superintend the hospitals in Jersey 380 mentioned 380 Dalecarlia Reservoir, mentioned 526 Dallam, Richard, elected deputy paymaster-general for the flying camp 446 Dalton, Peter Roe, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Damages, willful, to clothing, how punished 182, 205, 321 cost of, to arms or public supplies, how assessed 501, 515, 580, 687, 689 Dana, Francis, member of committee 283 Davidson, John, appointed brigade-major 62 Da vies, William, to do the duty of adjutant-general pro tempore 61, 94 attached on the march to General Sterling's division 60, 90 appointed to act as subinspector 89 resigned 146 appointed deputy muster-master-general for the flying camp 632 Davis, Nelson H., reappointment of, in the Inspector-General's Department authorized 113 mentioned 86 Davis, Robert, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Day, Benjamin, appointed brigade-major 57 Dayton, Elias, member of committee 326 mentioned 190, 569 Dayton, Elias, (Colonel) mentioned 59 Deane, Silas, member of committee 239, 240, 535, 536, 537 mentioned 87, 142, 488 Dkarborne, , appointed deputy quartermaster to the main army 182 de Bouilli, , mentioned 90 de Borre, Prud' Homme, mentioned 58, 59 De Bhahm, Ferdinand, appointed engineer with rank of major 488 promoted lieutenant-colonel 495 services dispensed with <<. 495 Debts, dues to the Government for moneys received, how paid 310 De Butts, Henry, mentioned : 51, 85 Deep Waterways Commission, respecting pay of engineer member of the 528 Deerskins, purchase of 153, 246, 274 S. Doc. 229 46 722 INDEX. Deficiencies (see Damages). Page- De Gouvion, Jean Baptiste Obrey, appointed major of engineers 487 lieutenant-colonel in the Army 488 to take command of the corps of sappers and miners 492 receive the brevet of colonel 494 granted leave of absence for six months 494 having served with distinguished merit, has leave to retire from the service of the United States 495 mentioned 489, 491 De Hass, John P., mentioned 58, 59 De Kalb, John, mentioned 90, 154 De la Balme, Mottin, appointed inspector-general of cavalry 87 mentioned 8? , 87 resigned , 87 de La Fayette, Marie Jean Paul Joseph Yves Gilbert du Motier, mentioned 60, 90, 9j . 100 Delafield, Richard, mentioned 483 DE LA NEUVILLE, Sr., NoiRMONT, appointed inspector of the Army under General Gates 90 pay and rations allowed to 90 mentioned - 90 De la Neuville, Jr., Noirmont, to have rank of major by brevet 92 allowed pay and subsistence of a major 94 mentioned 91 De la Radiere, Baileul, appointed colonel of engineers 487 colonel 488 mentioned 489 De Laumoy, , appointed colonel in the Army of the United States, as engineer 488 having served with distinguished merit, has leave to retire from the serv- ice of the United States 495 mentioned 488, 489, 491 Delaware, uniform of the, line 15 authorities of, requested to impress certain supplies 158, 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 provisions 306, 313 provisions furnished by, when deliverable 315 respecting purchase of flour in 287 to furnish flour 303, 304 cattle 310 Delaware River, respecting improvement of the 528 Delezeume, Joseph, to report why he assumed command of the sappers and miners at West Point 495 De Murnand, John Barnard, appointed major in the Corps of Engineers 490 Denny, Ebenezer, mentioned 51 Dent, James T., mentioned 121 Dental surgeons, authorized ; how appointed 438 Department of Education, Commissioner of Public Buildings, etc., to furnish offices for the 511 Department of Issues, placed under superintendency of the Board of War 302, 303 Resolves of Congress respecting the, repealed 318 Department of Military Stores, report on state of the 560 INDEX. 723 Department of Military Stores Continued. Page. pay and appointments of officers of the 562 artificers of the, in Pennsylvania to be removed to Carlisle 562 inspection of the, to the Eastward 564 certain resolves of Congress respecting the, repealed 567 chief of the, to submit property returns 569 Department of Purchases, to be superintended by the Board of War 302, 303 Department of the Interior, supervision of the Potomac waterworks transferred to the 509 Departments (see Staff Departments; Military Departments). Dependent, No one to be deemed, who is able to find employment . 657 Depositions, may be taken in cases not capital 125 Depots, of forage, where established 170 Quartermaster-General to establish 214 inspection of certain quartermasters 217 an officer of the Quartermaster's Department to be assigned to principal . 231, 232 Commissary Department to be assigned to principal 348 of arms, etc., to be established 580 Depreciation, respecting, of continental bills of credit 17 De Rochefontaine, Bechet, appointed captain in the Corps of Engineers 489 to receive the brevet of major 494 Deserters, officers leaving their posts before acceptance of resignation deemed 32, 33 drafted men failing to report deemed 669, 678 expenses of arrest of, how paid 669 Desertion, abettors of, by substitutes, how punished 679 Des Plaines River, III., respecting improvement of the 528 D'Estaing, , mentioned 287, 289, 642 Destitute, no one to be deemed, who is able to find employment 657 Details, regulates, for service in the Adjutant-General's Department 81 , 82 Inspector-General's Department 117, 118 Judge- Ad voca te-General' s Department 1 34, 135, 136 Quartermaster's Department 233, 234 Subsistence Department 357, 358 Medical Department 439 Pay Department 478, 479 Ordnance Department 606 Signal Corps 626, 627 respecting, of Pennsylvania militiamen as bakers 264 regimental surgeons for duty in hospitals 373, 384 . naval olhcers 500 for ambulance duty 420 duty as acting hospital stewards 434 of engineer officers 500, 501, 502, 505, 511, 512, 513, 514, 517, 518, 519, 520, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528 soldiers 504, 514, 529 for Signal Service 614, 616, 618, 619, 620, 621 service in Weather Bureau 622 Detroit, Mh h., respecting expedition against 157, 286 bridge at or near 518, 520 Detroit, Riveh, respecting construction of bridge across the 518, 520 tunnel under the, near Detroit, Mich 524 724 . INDEX. DeVillefranche, Page. appointed major in the Corps of Engineers 488 promoted to rank of lieutenant-colonel by brevet 495 De Vrecourt, , appointed engineer in the service of the United States 487 DeWitt, Simeon, appointed geographer 492 mentioned 484 Dexter, David, appointed to act as brigade-major 56 Dexter, John Singer, appointed assistant to the Adjutant-General 61 mentioned 64 DeWormser, , mentioned 90 Dickinson, John, member of committee 537 Diet, sick, to be prescribed by the Surgeon-General 417 Dike, respecting, between Reedy Island and Listons Point, Pa 526 Dimon, David, appointment of, as brigade-major confirmed 54 Director (see Pay; Rations), and sub authorized for company of artificers 186 bakers 281 Director of Hospital (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage Wagons; Land), in Virginia appointed 365 authorized 384 appointed 390 to take the oath of office 390 duties of 366,383,384,385,387,388,390 letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 394 mentioned 386,392,397,399 deputy, authorized 392 appointed 394 duties of 392 (See Medical committee. ) Director-general, authorized 370 appointed 373,389 duties of 370, 371, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383 mentioned 369,371,372 deputy and assistant deputy authorized 370,377 appointed 374 duties of 370,371,372,373,374, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383 Director-general and chief physician, authorized 363 appointed 364,367 duties of 363 Disbursing officers, to make reports of moneys received and expended. .... 200, 336, 408, 462, 578 Discharge, respecting, of officers for misconduct 12, 17 supernumerary staff officers 14, 17, 46, 74, 175, 208, 379, 468, 586 three months' pay allowed officers on 27, 47 travel allowances to officers on 47, 48 order for, of certain staff officers recalled 74, 208, 413, 468, 469 of supernumerary officers in barrackmaster's department 166- State authorities empowered to, officers in commissary department 297 respecting, of men in hospitals 418, 420 drafted men 669 minors 674 of artillery artificers 563 part of enlisted force of the Signal Corps 622 Diseases (see Venereal diseases). INDEX. 725 Dismissals, Page. Quartermaster-General empowered to make 150, 151 of officers failing at examination 212, 347, 471, 591 for improper use of ambulances 422 Dispatches (see Telegraphic dispatches) . District of Columbia, mentioned 512, 515, 516, 519, 523, 524, 525, 527, 602 District Paymasters (see Pay; Forage), authorized 460, 461 to give bonds 460,461,463 duties of 460, 461, 463, 465 allowance to, for paying militia 466 mentioned 463 assistant, authorized 462 to give bonds 463 Districts (see Enrollment Districts). Divisions (see Inspectors; Military Divisions), respecting staff of 45, 75, 79, 96, 106, 129, 151, 194, 203, 328, 420, 604, 633 Doughty, John, appointed brigade major 62 Douglass, , mentioned 56 Dow, Alexander, promoted captain in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Draft, by whom made 668, 670, 677 respecting exemptions from 672, 674 enlistments in Southern States under a, how credited 677 in districts may be made for double the number of men required 677 Draft animals, number of, limited 228*229 Drafted Men, may furnish substitutes or pay commutation money 669, 671, 679 claims of, to exemption 669, 674 allowed traveling pay 669 furnishing substitutes to receive a certificate of discharge 670 may enlist in the Navy 671, 672 allowed transportation in lieu of traveling pay 678 to serve on desertion of their substitutes 680 Dragoons (see Horses), uniform of light 16 respecting clothing for the 330, 332, 334 Draper, George, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 Drawing, a teacher of, to be attached to Corps of Engineers 497 Drayton, Stephen, elected deputy quartermaster-general for the Southern Department 159 Drayton, 'William Henry, member of committee 15, 283, 457 Drew, Seth, to do duty of inspector 100 Drovers, pay of, by whom regulated 262 mentioned 305 Druggist, appointed 367 Dsum, Richard C, mentioned 52 Drumheads, sheepskins and calf skins to be saved for 31 1 , 562 Duane, James, member of committee 14, 15, 87, 253, 488 mentioned 102, 127 Duaxe, James C, mentioned 483 Dv Barry, Beek.man, mentioned 238 726 INDEX. Du Cambray, , Page. annexed to Corps of Engineers with rank and pay of lieutenant-colonel.. 489 granted leave for twelve months 494 promoted to rank of colonel by brevet 495 Duck, to be made up into tents ' 179, 181, 182 Du Coudray, Philip Charles Jean Baptiste Tronson, appointed inspector-general of ordnance and military manufactories, with rank of major-general 548 appointed inspector-general of ordnance and military stores 87 mentioned 85, 87, 488, 534 DULUTH, respecting harbor of 526 Dunn, Isaac Budd, appointed brigade major 56 to act as adjutant-general pro tempore 57 mentioned 57 Du Portail, Louis Le Begue, appointed colonel of engineers " 487 to take rank and command of all engineers heretofore appointed 487 appointed brigadier-general 488 to have rank of major-general 494 granted leave of absence for six months 494 having served with distinguished merit, has leave to retire from service in the United States 495 mentioned ... 483, 488, 489, 490, 491 Durant, Thomas, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Duval, , appointed to act as brigade major 59 Du Veil, -, to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491 Dyer, Alexander B., mentioned 534 Dyer, Eliphalet, member of committee 283, 364 Dyer, Thomas, to do duty as brigade major 55 Dunn, William McK., mentioned 121 E. Eagan, Charles P., mentioned 238 Eastern Department, appointment in the, of officers of the department of issues .-. 264, 269 purchases 269 Pay Department 446, 449 Medical Department 374 supervision of medical affairs in the 379 Eastern States, respecting flour for the 288 magazines of ammunition to be formed in the 545 Eaton, Amos B., mentioned 238 Eayres, Joseph, excused from further service 561 Edmonston, Samuel, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surge< m 395 Educational Division, of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen continued 661, 662 Edwards, Thomas, elected judge-advocate 127 appointment of, announced to the Army 127 appointed deputy judge-advocate 125 allowed additional pay 126 mentioned 121 INDEX. 727 Elaboratory {see Laboratory). Page. Election District, how construed for purposes of enrollment 676 Ellery, William, member of committee " 247 Elliott, James. appointed assistant.geographer to the United States 494 mentioned 494, 495 Elliot and Williams (Messrs. ) mentioned 328 Ellsworth, Oliver, member of committee 14 Embargo {see Exportation), on provisions in North Carolina 280 general, on provisions, live stock, etc : 286 continued 289 respecting exemptions from 289 Embezzlement, means to prevent 149 punishment for 177, 308, 383, 561 Emersov, Moses, pay and rations al lowed to, as storekeeper 244 Emory, Richard, to do duty as brigade major 59 Employees, pay of certain, in the department of issues 244 Engineering Department {see Corps of Engineers), three companies established in the 489 Engineer Commissioner, of District of Columbia may be detailed from Corps of Engineers 524 water department to be under the 519 Engineer of the Potomac Waterworks, office of, abolished; duties of, by whom performed 507 Engineer officers {see Pay; Rations; Forage), detail of 500,501,502,503,504,505,506,510,614 allowances to, superintending public works 503 disbursing moneys on public works to receive no compensation therefor. . 503 {See Topographical Engineers.) authorized 496 appointed 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491 authorized for the Southern Department 485 no longer needed to be f urloughed 23 not subject to extra-professional duty 498, 514 in charge of Library building to receive active pay of his grade 526 respecting appointment of, in authorized engineer regiments 527 pay of, member of deep waterways commission 528 Engineer soldiers {see Sappers and miners), companies of, added to Corps of P^igineers 508, 509 to form a battalion 510 detail of, for signal duty 614, 616 l.M.ROKSERS, States to authorize seizure of goods, etc., in hands of 273 Enlisted men (see Pay; Clothing; Rations; Subsistence money), respecting purchase of articles of clothing by 16, 142 extra pay to, detailed for quartermasters' uses 145 on discharge to certain 47 {see Detail; Blankets; Venerevl disease.) respecting issue of rum to 310 discharge of, in hospitals 418, 420 enlisting tor the war, to receive a suit of clothes 247 authorized for the Hospital Corps 433,434 Ordnance Department 583 Signal < ' >rps 613, 615, 617, 618, 623, 625, 626 uniform of, of the Ambulance Corps 422 I'risoners ok H \K. I respecting mode of payment to 476 issue of tobacco to 35 may wear badges of corps in which they served 36, 39, 43, 48 728 INDEX. Enlisted men Continued. Page. provisions of pension laws apply to, of the staff corps 208, 342, 413, 504, 586 maimed, may receive artificial limbs 425, 432 may be detailed in Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 657 serving in Arctic regions entitled to commutation of quarters 690 Enrolling officers, authorized 668 disabled in line of duty entitled to pensions 680 Enrollment, boards of, how composed and their duties 668 of men may be made by classes 668 by classes repealed 672 men exempt from 672 resistance to, how punished 673 foreigners not exempt from . 674 revised 678 Enrollment districts, how constituted 667 President to assign number of men to be furnished by 668 Entrenching tools, agent authorized for purchase of 155 to receive and care for, appointed 157 Envelopes, special, for official business 38 Equipments, to be provided for a body of horse 147 the Southern army 563 cost of repairs or damage to, against whom charged 580 Erskine, Robert, may be appointed geographer and surveyor 448 mentioned 1 484, 492 Erwing, John, appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 272 Estimates, to be lodged at the war office 20 made yearly for clothing and disbursements for same 319 respecting, of hospital stores 384 ordnance and ordnance stores 556 Europe, United States agents in, to effect importation of salt 261 Eustis, William, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 Everson, George, commissioned captain deputy commissary of military stores 550 Ewing, George, appointed commissary of hides 265 mentioned 238 Examination (see Medical board), officers under rank of brigadier-general subject to, before promotion 44 of officers of the Quartermaster's Department 211 Subsistence Department 346 Medical Department 419, 429, 434, 436, 437 Pay Department 470 Corps of Engineers 509, 514, 525 Signal Corps 623 candidates for appointment as surgeon or mate 368 assistant surgeon 411, 429 promotion in the Hospital Department 396 civilians for appointment as paymasters 477 officers and men for signal duty 614, 616 persons for position of hospital steward 433 Exchanges, partial or parole, disapproved 643 respecting 644 when may be made 644 States requested to make no 645 report of, to be made 647 respecting, of marine prisoners 650 President to make regulations for, of prisoners of war 651 INDEX. 729 Executive Mansion, Page, respecting extension of the ., 528 Exemption, States requested to grant, from militia duty in certain cases 277 embargo 289 persons entitled to, from draft 672 claims to, from draft, how made 674 fraudulent, from draft, how punished 674 persons furnishing substitutes entitled to, from service 679 Exercises, respecting system of military 89, 90, 92, 96 1 '. X ('EDITION, respecting proposed, against Detroit 157, 286 Expenses, respecting reduction of army 14 inquiry into, of the staff departments 17 of witnesses before courts-martial, how paid 125 for arrest of deserters, by whom paid 669 Experiments, respecting, and tests of heavy ordnance 593 Explorations, for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean 506 Exportation (see Embargo), of salted provisions from New York forbidden 245 produce, etc., for arms and ammunition authorized 536, 537, 539, 690 ordnance and ordnance stores forbidden 573 Expresses, Quartermaster-General to furnish all extraordinary 189 Express rider, entitled to one wagon or two bathorses 172 Extortioners (see Engrossers), States requested to authorize seizure of clothing held by 277 Extra pay, to officers of the volunteer staff when discharged 47 enlisted men of the Corps of Engineers 512 men detailed for quartermasters' uses 145 Eysandeav, William, appointed to superintend the general military hospital 394 F. Factories (see Gun Factories). Fairweather Island, Conn., works on, mentioned 504 Fanski, Adjutant, appointed to do duty as brigade-major pro tempore 60 Farnesworth, Joseph, pay and rations allowed to, as commissary 245 Fakragut, David G., mentioned 614 Ewssoux, Peter, elected chief physician of the hospital 394 mentioned 362 Feather River, Cal., relative to improvement of the 526 Fees, respecting, in claims for exemption from draft 675 Fellows, John, mentioned 55, 56 Few, William, member of committee 326, 457 mentioned 190, 569 Field artillery. jruns for, to lx? purchased 544 captured guns to be mounted if fit for 544 respecting purchase of copper, etc., for casting brass 544 Fl KID CONDUCTOR OK MILITARY STORES (see 1 J AYJ RATIONS; FOBAOS), authorized 556,560,5(57 duties of 557, 558 730 INDEX. Field conductor of military stores Continued. Page. to be appointed to each brigade . 559 allowed one wagon or two bathorses 559, 568 mentioned 565 deputy, to call on issuing commissaries for sheepskins 565 Finley, Clement A., mentioned 362 Finney, William, appointed deputy quartermaster-general 143 Fire, measures for avoidance of, in powder magazines 566, 567 Firearms (see Arms; Muskets), continental factory of, mentioned 541 Firelocks (nee Muskets). Fish, Nicholas, appointed brigade major 55 inspector 89 to perform the duties of division inspector 96 mentioned 96 Fisher, Benjamin F., mentioned 611 Flag of truce, sending of, by whom authorized 644 Flagler, Daniel W., mentioned ; 534 Flags, respecting, for regiments 143 signal, by whom furnished 186 Fleet, a surgeon to be appointed for the, fitting out on the lakes 367 French, to be furnished with provisions 287 mentioned 289 Fleming, Edward, appointed deputy adjutant-general 54 Fleury, Lewis, appointed brigade major 59 attached, on the march, to General Lee's division 60, 90 to act as subinspector 89 voted a silver medal 94 sent as captain of engineers to General Washington 487 promoted lieutenant-colonel 488 mentioned 94, 100 Flints, importation of, authorized 538 employment of persons to manufacture, authorized 541 imported, how distributed 548, 546 to be purchased 555 Florida, rations for certain inhabitants of 341 Flour (see Indian meal; Barrels), magazines of, to be established 157 importation of, authorized 250, 278 certain, to be baked into biscuits .-. 264 may be issued to the troops 267 respecting distribution of cargoes of 271 to be purchased 278, 280, 287 respecting, for the Eastern States , 288 States requested to authorize seizure of, in hands of engrossers 287 furnish 303, 304 furnished by States, how paid for 307 part of, furnished by Maryland may be retained in the State 310 quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 312, 313 when deliverable 314, 315, 316 mentioned 291 Flour barrels (see Barrels). Flower, Benjamin, elected commissary of military stores for the flying camp 542 to purchase 200 rifles and accouterments 547 INDEX. 731 Flower, Benjamin Continued. Page. mentioned 164, 533, 534, 550, 553, 554, 555, 559, 562, 564 Flying camp, assistant to deputy quartermaster-general to the, appointed 144 medical officers appointed for the 366, 367 deputy paymaster-general appointed for the 446 commissary of military stores for the, appointed 542 deputy muster master-general for the, authorized 633 appointed 632 Flying hospital, senior surgeon appointed in the 382 Fogg, Jeremiah, appointed brigade-major. 65 continued in the office of brigade-major 66 Forage (see Commissary op forage; Forage masters), money allowance for 18, 21, 25, 27, 28, 67, 68, 70, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128, 192, 199, 402, 406, 407, 458 allowance to officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 57, 63,64,65,66,71,188,189 Inspector-General's Department 94, 95, 96, 102, 108, 188, 189 Judge- Advocate-General's Department 124, 126, 127, 129, 188, 189 Quartermaster's Department 151, 188, 189, 191, 196, 198, 199, 205, 206, 218, 224 Commissary Department . . 188, 254, 296, 305, 308, 317 Medical Department . . 189, 375, 388, 399, 400, 408, 411 Pay Department 188, 454, 456, 458, 459, 463 Ordnance Department 579 muster department 634 department of military stores 188, 552, 561, 568 general and other officers 33, 40, 41, 42, 57, 63, 174, 187, 188, 189 commissary of prisoners 189, 647, 651 engineers 188,189,486 geographer 189, 495 provost-marshal 1 88 State clothiers 296 superintendent of bakers 318 not allowed to officers absent exceeding six months 32 when commutation ot, is allowed 33, 40 in kind may be furnished 38, 40, 42, 220 allowance of, to public horses 148. 167, 170, 187 to be purchased 155 for the horses of the French minister 157, 164 members of Congress 164, 1 79 no wheat to be purchased for 157, 288, 290 how obtained in emergencies 159 driver of public wagon entitled to 163 quotas of States to be furnished in 166 how paid for 166, 1<>7 how obtained for public horses 170, 175 detained horses 171 magazines Of , to Ik; provided 179 States to be requested to furnish 180 issue of, to detachments of sailors or marines 202, 223 respecting, for officers serving east of the Mississippi River 227 mentioned 176, 180, 209, 213 Forage Master General, to make return ot all his assistants 165 Forage Masters (we Pay; Rations), authorize- 1 148, 169, 197, 206 l>v whom appointed 156,201 duties of lis. I \'.i. 170 allowance of forage to 197, 198, 206, 224 subject to military law 197 names of, to 1m- reported to board of war 150 deranged in L875, entitled to three months' pay 203 782 index. Forbes, James, Page- member of committee 1 64, 300 Ford, Jacob, jr., to manufacture saltpeter into gunpowder 540 Ford's Theater, mentioned 525 Foreigners, not exempt from draft 674 Forestallers (see Engrossers), States requested to authorize seizure of goods, etc. , held by 273 Forges, conductors of military stores to have traveling 559 all, in hands of conductors of military stores, how disposed of 568 traveling cavalry, allowed ambulance corps of divisions 422 Forgue, Francis, elected surgeon-general of hospital in Northern Department 374 mentioned 361 Forms, blank, of contracts, etc. , by whom furnished 686, 687 Fort George, N. Y., hospital at, reserved for contagious diseases 368 Fort Herkimer, N. Y., mentioned 571 Fortifications (see Inspector of fortifications), armament of certain 571 , 572 to be erected at Annapolis, Md 573 respecting plan of necessary 500 construction of temporary, in cases of emergency 526 ports at which, are required to be reported 520, 601 Fort Myer, Va., mentioned 620 Fort Pitt, N. Y., proper magazines to be laid up in 324 arms to be sent to 546, 547 field conductor of military stores at, authorized 567 Forts, teste of best stone, to resist heaviest guns 511 construction of temporary, in cases of emergency 526 Fosdick, Thomas, appointed brigade-major 58 Foster, Isaac, to take direction and superintendency of the general hospital 364 elected deputy director-general of hospital in Eastern Department 374 Foundries, examination to be made of certain 544 respecting erection of a, for brass ordnance 551 artillery artificer employed in 552 to be visited when thought necessary 557 Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565 respecting establishment of 574 manufacture of iron cannon at, how superintended 586 France, commissioners in, to forward uniforms, blankets, etc.-. 251, 252 disposition of clothing shipped from 322 arms and military stores shipped from 565 Franking privilege, conferred on heads of bureaus; franked matter may be conveyed without indorsement or name of writer 34, 38 exercised only by written autograph signatures 36, 38 to whom specifically granted 73, 111, 205, 340, 465 abolished r 38,681 "Franklin" (armed schooner), mentioned 541 Franklin, Benjamin, member of committee 239, 535, 536, 537 mentioned 488 Frazer, John Gizzage, appointed assistant to the Quartermaster-General 141 INDEX. 733 Frazer, Persifor, Pa &e. elected Clothier-General - 297 declined 1 297 mentioned , 238, 297 Freedmen, provisions may be issued to destitute 655 tracts of land for use of loyal 656 all loyal, under care of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 656 measures in aid of 658 certain buildings constructed for, may be sold 662 mentioned r 671 Freedmen' s hospitals, to be continued at designated points 662 French, Samuel, commissioned major, commissary of military stores with the army 550 mentioned 533 French army, barrackmaster appointed to the 181 French language, teacher of the, authorized 497 French squadron (see 'Fleet). Freight charges, ordnance appropriations not to be used to pay 607 Frontiers, ration increased for men serving on the 329, 330 Frost, George, member of committee 254 Frothingham, Richard, appointment of, as field commissary of military stores, confirmed 568 mentioned 534 Fry, James B., mentioned 665 Fuel, officers absent exceeding six months not entitled to 32 may be furnished 38, 40, 41, 220 allowance of, or commutation for, prohibited 41 to be issued to the troops 143 who entitled to draw 183, 220 in kind only to storekeepers in Quartermaster's Department 208 respecting, for hospitals 376 issues of, to destitute refugees and freedmen 655 mentioned 37,209,213,643 Funds (see Bounty fund; Contingent fund), respecting, for the Southern Department 158 Department of Military Stores 551 , 557 guards for safe conveyance of 184 Furlough, officers on, not entitled to pay or forage beyond time granted 18 no longer needed may be granted 23 of the Hospital Department on, not entitled to pay, etc 388, 400 Furman, Moore, mentioned 176 Furnace, respecting enlargement of the, at Salisbury 543 Fusees (see Muskets). G. Gadsden, Christopher, member of committee 239, 536 Gadsden, James, mentioned 52, 86 Gales, Thomas, mentioned 121 Galvan, , to be commissioned a major and employed as inspector 95 appointed division inspector 1 00 authority for employment of, in the insi>ector8hip repealed 102 Gambier, Admiral, mentioned 642 734 INDEX. Gamble, James, Page. appointed deputy commissary-general 316 Garardeau, John Bohun, appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 265 Gardens, vegetable, to be kept in hospital grounds 250, 368 establishment of regimental, recommended 326 Gardner, Charles K., mentioned 52, 86 Garrison equipage, Quartermaster-General Jto receive and distribute all 204, 340 Gates, Horatio, authorized to dismiss supernumerary staff officers in his command 14 to appoint necessary staff officers for the Southern army 17 chosen adjutant-general with rank of brigadier-general 53 appointment announced to the Army 53 Congress desire that he resume the office of adjutant-general 57 authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for Northern Department . 57 appointment by, of a deputy adjutant-general, confirmed, if made 58 authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Southern army . . 62 appointment of a deputy judge-advocate by, confirmed, if made 124 authorized to appoint a deputy paymaster-general for the Southern army. 454 mentioned 3, 14, 51, 57, 59, 60, 61, 90, 175, 183, 248, 269, 272, 448, 542", 543, 648 General officers (see Rations; Forage; .Lands), uniform of 18 allowed a 4-horse baggage wagon 172 General Regulations (see Regulations), to be prepared defining duties of the general staff 27 Geographers (see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 488 appointed 492, 493 to main army styled ' ' Geographer of the United States of America " 493 for main and Southern armies allowed one baggage wagon 495 assistant, appointed 494 mentioned 495 George III, mentioned 12 Georgetown, D. C, mentioned 511 Georgia, uniform of the, line 15 agent in, authorized for supplying clothing 264 appointment of certain staff officers in, authorized 124, 152, 264, 448, 451, 635 respecting certain staff officers in . 158, 289, 290, 450, 452 arms for the defense of 558 Gerard, (French Minister), to be furnished horses and forage 157 mentioned 489 Gerry, Elbrige, member of committee 14, 253, 283 Gibson, George, mentioned 140, 238 Gibson, James, commissioned first lieutenant of artillery artificers. . . .* 549 Gilliland, James, to be commissioned captain-lieutenant of sappers and miners 491 promoted to rank of captain 493 Gilman, John Taylor, member of committee 828, 457 mentioned 190, 569 Gilman, Nicholas, appointed assistant to the Adjutant-General 61 Girardeau, T. B., resigned 291 Glover, John, mentioned 58, 89 Goddard, John, appointed wagon master general 141 INDEX. 735 Godfrey, Will. E., Page. commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery 549 excused from further service 561 Goodwin, Wilson, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Gostelow, Jonathan, commissioned major, commissary of military stores 549 mentioned 534 Gould, David, mentioned 391 Government Printing Office, building for the, to be constructed by Chief of Engineers 526, 528 Grade, of captain in Adjutant-General's Department abolished 76 Graduates. respecting appointment of, of dental colleges 438 Grain, cargoes of, to be provided for army in Eastern Department 271 respecting, in hands of engrossers 158, 289 Grant, Ulysses S., mentioned 5 Gratiot, Charles, mentioned 483 Graves (see Headstones). Gray, Ebenezer, appointed brigade-major 55 Gray, James, appointed deputy commissary -general of issues 290 mentioned 316 Gray, Samuel. pay and rations allowed to, as clerk and magazine keeper 244 Gray, Samuel, appointed deputy commissary -general of issues for Eastern Department . . 265 Great Kanawha River, West Virginia, respecting construction of bridge across the 522 ('KEELY, AdOLPHIS W., mentioned 611 Gkeen and Barren River Navigation Company, mentioned 521 Green, Griffin, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Greene, Nathaniel, appointed Quartermaster-General 156 to retain his rank as major-general in the Army 156 continued in office of Quartermaster-General 175 to furnish his successor with complete returns of all officers and property of the Quartermaster's Department 176, 177 mentioned 103, 140, 176, 179, 180, 183, 184, 399 Gridley, Richard, conditionally continued chief engineer in the army at Cambridge 485 to be considered as a retiring officer after January 1 , 1 781 492 mentioned 483, 492, 545, 563 Griffin, Samuel, elected deputy adjutant-general 55 Grosvenor, Thom us, appointed to the duty of deputy adjutant-general 64 subinspector 94 Guam, respecting improvement of a harbor at 528 Guards, to be provided for safe conveyance of money 184 respecting, at hospitals 371 Gulf coast, relative to erection of gun factories mi the 524 Gun factories, respecting erection of 524, 602 Gunlock rACTOST, at Trenton, N. J., mentioned 541 736 INDEX. Gunpowder, Page. respecting exchange of, for deerskins 246 importation of 536, 539 amount of public, to be reported 536 inspectors of, authorized 542 appointed 542 respecting, for use in proving cannon 540, 543 imported, how disposed of 546 purchase of, authorized 547, 555 to be furnished to the Southern army 563 exportation of, forbidden 573 imported, to be free of duty 573 Guns (see Muskets; Cannon; Ordnance), relative to tests of best stone forts to resist heaviest 511 disposition of imported 565 breech-loading, to be contracted for 602 imported, to be free of duty 604 mentioned '. 602, 604 Gunsmiths, colonies requested to set their, at work making muskets 537, 543 Gusdon, Peter, appointed brigade major 55 H. Hagan, Francis, appointed senior surgeon in the general hospital 383 hospital physician and surgeon 389 mentioned 395 Haite, Nicholas, mentioned 548 Half pay, granted to officers serving during the war 13, 15, 380, 390, 391 extended to continue for life 453 widows of officers 19, 24, 25, 26 five years' full pay offered in lieu of 22 lists of officers accepting, or commutation to be furnished their States 23 for wounds or disability 25 officers accepting commutation of, mentioned 66, 495 to officers of the Medical Department, how calculated 401 Hall, C, to superintend hospital at Brunswick 380 mentioned 380 Hall, , member of committee 239, 246, 247, 365, 367, 536 Halsted, John, appointment of, as commissary for army before Quebec, confirmed 243 Hamilton, Alexander, mentioned 86 Hammond, William A., mentioned 362 Hancock, Ebenezer, Elected deputy paymaster-general for the Eastern Department 446 mentioned 449 Hancock, John, mentioned 54 Hand, Edward, elected Adjutant-General 64 continued in the office of Adjutant-General 65 mentioned 51, 62, 95, 283 Harbors, along water front of Washington and Georgetown to be examined 511 (See Ice harbor.) improvement of, at Kewaunee, Wis 519 surveys of 519,522 improvement of, at St. Augustine and Key West 522 deep-water, between Points Duma and Capistrans 524 INDEX. 737 Harbors Continued. Page. of refuge at Port Orford, Oreg 524 inspection of safe deep, on coast of Texas 525 deep-water, on the California coast 525 of Superior and Duluth 526 improvement of a, at Guam 528 emergency appropriations for, how expended 528 Hard bread, effectual measures to be taken for supplying 321 Hardman, Henry, appointed brigade major 62 mentioned 62 Hardy, William, elected paymaster for the North Carolina Light Horse 448 Harmar, Josiah, appointed subinspector 94 Harness. North Carolina requested to purchase leather and deerskins for 153 Harper, Johx, to do the duty of brigade major 58 Harpers Ferry, Va., pay of superintendent of the armory at 581, 584 office of superintendent of armory at, abolished 585 Harrison, Benjamin, Jr., elected paymaster for troops in Virginia 446 Harrison, Robert, appointed to muster Colonel Richardson's battalion 634 Hartley, Thomas, mentioned 59 Harvie, John, mentioned 282 Haskell, Elnathon, appointed to act as brigade major 59 Haskell, Jonathan, mentioned i 51, 86 Hats, importation of, authorized 263 returns to be made of men who have not received 326 not to be purchased until old stock is exhausted 222 Hawaiian Islands, actual expenses only allowed for travel to and from the 46 pay of officers serving in the, increased 47 Hawkins, John P., mentioned 238 Hay, quotas of States to \>e furnished in Kit; how paid for 166 ration of, for horses 1 70 mentioned 167 Hay, Cdney, appointed brevet lieutenant-colonel and assistant deputy quartermaster- general 147 not entitled to office or rank conferred under former arrangement of the Quartermaster's Department 156 Hays, Stock lev I>., mentioned 121 Hazen, M< mentioned 61 , 65, 66, 95 Hazen, William B., mentioned 611 Headstones, in national cemeteries, how marked 219, 221, 226 authorized in private, village, or city cemeteries 227 Heard, Nathaniel, niriitioned : 55 Heath, William, / mentioned 53,66,64, 164, 642 S. Doc. 229 47 738 INDEX. Henderson, Alexander, Page. commissioned captain deputy commissary of military stores 550 resigned 559 Henley, David, appointed brigade major 53 to do duty as brigade major 55 appointed deputy adjutant-general 56 mentioned 56 Hennepin Canal, mentioned 521 Henry, , mentioned _ 648 Henry, Patrick, member of committee 239, 536 mentioned 286, 298, 555 Henry, William, appointment of, as public armorer confirmed 554 Herkins, William, pay and rations allowed to 245 Herriott, William, appointment of, as clerk in department of military stores confirmed 568 Hewes, Joseph, member of committee 239, 247, 536, 540 Heyward, Thomas, Jr., member of committee 87, 365, 488 Hickman, Ky., respecting location of bridge across Mississippi River at 522 Hicks, Benjamin, continued in the office of brigade major 65 Hides, care and treatment of 249, 261 raw, may be exchanged for tanned leather 263 respecting transportation of raw or unmanufactured 102 issue of raw, for moccasins 270 regulations to be made for department of 285 to whom delivered 291, 547 how credited 307 returns of, to whom made 321 dried, to be imported ., 547 HlLTZHEIMER, JACOB, to provide for horses belonging to members of Congress 164 mentioned 17^ Hitchcock, Lyman, to do duty as brigade major 59 Hodgdon, Samuel, appointed deputy commissary-general of military stores 559 pay of 559 elected commissary -general of military stores 565 continued in that office 568 mentioned 140, 534 Hoff, John, appointment of, as clerk in department of military stores confirmed 568 Hoffman, Valentine, commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers'. 648 Holabird, Samuel B., mentioned 140 Hollingsworth, Henry, suspended 175 mentioned 175 Holt, Joseph, mentioned 121 Homes (see Soldiers' Home; National Homes for Disabled Volunteers). Hoops, Robert, elected deputy commissary -general of issues 264 mentioned 265 Hopkins, Gerard, 4 appointed deputy quartermaster 147 INDEX. 739 Hopkins, Jared, Page, mentioned 153 Hopkins, Mark, appointed brigade major 55 Hopkins, S., mentioned 274 Hopkins, Stephen, member of committee 239, 536, 538, 540 Horns, of cattle killed to be made into powder horns 1 42, 242, 538 whom delivered 291 Horse equipage (see Equipments). Horse litters (see Litters). Horses (see Bathorses; Saddle horses; Forage), impressment of, authorized 142 to be avoided as much as possible 146 number of, in public stables to be reported 147 purchase of, how made 150 of members of Congress to be cared for 156, 164, 179 authorized for use of French minister 157 respecting pay for, killed in action 14, 16, 19,21, 24, 157 wounded or captured 21 payment of expenses of, of general officers 11 cavalry, to be" procured 180 dragoon, to be sold 190 number of draft, limited 228 mentioned 145, 146, 150, 152, 155, 157, 167, 171, 179, 180, 202, 387 Horse teams, respecting substitution of ox teams for 158 Horse yard, orders on, by whom given 171 HORTON, AZARIAH, appointed deputy commissary-general of musters 635 Hospital chaplains, entitled to draw clothing 381 authorized at each permanent hospital 418 to be afforded necessary facilities 429 Hospital commissaries, and assistants entitled to draw clothing 381 respecting orders from, for rations 382 Hospital Corps, how constituted 433, 434 Hospital Department (see Medical Department; Subsistence money; For- age), officers of the, entitled to benefits from Yorktown capitulation 19 to be furnished transportation for removal of sick and wounded 179 appointment of officers in the 373, 374, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398 respecting use of wagons annexed to the 376 regulations for the 377, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 392, 393, 396, 397, 404, 405 resolves of Congress relating to the, to be arranged 382 officers of the, entitled to draw clothing 311 not to be concerned in trade 388 to take the oath of office 390 vacancies in the, how filled 395 chief of, to transmit returns of property 401 Hospital Director (see Director-Genera i.i . Hospital physicians (see Pay; Forage; Land), authorized 384,392 appointment of 385>, 394, 395 duties of 385,386,387,389 vacancies of, how filled 395 HoflPITALS (see Blankets; Gardens: I. misted men; Wagons Flying Hos- pital), allowance for cutting wood for use of 190 clothing to be issued to convalescents in 278 respecting charges for treat n >cnt of secret diseases in 12,376 establishment of 363, 866, 868, 375, 383, 391, 405, 648 respecting issue of provisions for 267, 306, 376 740 INDEX. Hospitals Continued. Page. medicines to be provided for 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369 antiscorbutics to be provided for use of the 368 at Fort George for treatment of contagious diseases 368 respecting inspections of 101, 420 appointment of officers for duty in, authorized 363, 368, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, 384, 404, 409 officers appointed for duty in 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 378, 389, 390, 392, 395, 398 certain, to be visited 374, 376 respecting assignment of officers of the 380 erection of stoves in 376 female nurses in, authorized 416, 430 respecting diet for the sick in 417, 429, 430 (See Providence Hospital; Columbia Hospital; Freedmen's Hospital, Hot Springs, Ark.) modern military, to be erected at Fort Leavenworth 437 noncombatants may be assigned to duty in 674 mentioned 417, 423 Hospital stewards (see Pay; Rations; Subsistence money; Clothing; For- age), authorized 371 , 384, 387, 392, 404, 407, 409, 414, 417, 424, 427, 429, 430, 433, 438 duties of 396 how appointed 396, 404, 414, 424, 427, 430, 433 to take the oath of office 390 in service one year entitled to clothing 381 number of, reduced 436 reduction of number of, suspended 437 mentioned 386, 389, 410 Hospital stores, estimates of, to be submitted 384 respecting transportation of 387 in Virginia 391 Hospital surgeons (see Hospital physicians; Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 404, 409 how appointed 397, 404, 407 duties of 408 rank of, regulated 399 authorized to be retained 409 mentioned 373,398,407,410 Hospital surgeon's mates (see Pay; Rations; Subsistence money), authorized 364,365,370,371,384,404,407,409 how appointed 368, 396 duties of 386, 398, 408 no appointments of, to be made to fill vacancies 395 mentioned 366, 372, 386, 395, 410 Hostlers (see Pay; Rations), allowed to hospitals 371 Hot Springs, Ark., an army and navy hospital to be erected at 432 How, Baxter, mentioned 183 Howard, John E., member of committee 326, 457 mentioned : 190, 569 Howard, Oliver O., mentioned 653 Howe, Robert, mentioned 124, 291 Howe, William, mentioned 643 Howell, Jr., Joseph, mentioned 443 Howell, Richard, appointed brigade major 56 elected judge-advocate 127 mentioned 121, 127 Howitzers, to be contracted for 1 545 INDEX. 741 Howley, Richard, Page. mentioned 565 Hudson, Jonathan, elected paymaster in Baltimore 447 excused therefrom by Congress 449 Hudson River, N. Y., respecting supplies for army on or near the 281 hospital to be established for the army on the 368 respecting obstructions in the 524 mentioned 370 Hughes, Messrs. Daniel and Samuel, contract to be made with, for 1,000 tons of cannon 542 Hughes, Daniel, mentioned 554 Hughes, Hugh, appointed assistant quartermaster-general 143 Hughes, Samuel, mentioned 554 Hui.ing, John, appointed brigade inspector 89 Hull, William, appointed brigade inspector 89 Humphreys, Andrew A., mentioned . 483 Humphreys, Charles, member of committee 540 Humphreys, Whitehead, mentioned 550 Huntingdon, Samuel, member of committee 539, 540 mentioned 145 Huntington, Ebenezer, to assist the Adjutant-General 56 Huntington, Jedediah, mentioned 58, 60 Hutch ins, Thomas, appointed geographer to the Southern Army 493 mentioned 484, 495 Huts, respecting erection of, for the troops 154 Hyrne, Edmund, elected deputy adjutant-general for the Southern Department 61 I. Ice harbor, relative to, at St. Louis, Mo 519 Illinois and Michigan Canal, mentioned 519, 521 Illinois Riveh, respecting improvement of the 528 Illinois Territory, respecting pay of the general staff of, while in service 465 Imbret, Jean Louis, to be employed as engineer 487 Importation, respecting, of provisions 250, 278 clothing 251,263 salt 261,271 hides....: 263,547 arms, etc 536,537,539,541,543,573 lead, flints, and tin 538 Impressment, respecting, <>f carriages, horses, etc 142, 270 provisions 155, 158, 268, 277, 289 goods, etc., in Philadelphia 159,290 articles of clothing 268,275 wagons, shallops, etc 270 of carriages and horses to be avoided as much as possible 146 742 INDEX. Indianapolis, Ind., Page, an arsenal to be established at 591 Indianapolis Arsenal, mentioned 524 Indian corn, to be purchased 251 exportation of, prohibited 286 quotas of States to be furnished in 166, 303 how paid for 166 Indian depredations, rations to be furnished Floridian surfers from ". 341 Indian frontiers. (See Telegraph lines. ) Indian meal, to be issued in lieu of flour to prisoners of war 300, 645 received from States in lieu of flour 316 respecting transportation of 279 Indians, rations may be issued to, visiting posts 341, 687 Infantry (see Light infantry), uniform of the 21 respecting supernumerary junior lieutenants of 455, 650 Ingalls, Rufus, mentioned 140 Inglis, , appointed brigade inspector 89 Innis, James, elected judge-advocate 126 mentioned 121, 127 Innoculation, to be discontinued 393 Inspection, of magazines of provisions 87, 253 plan of 90, 100 Secretary of War to report most eligible plan of 103 of vessels for Quartermaster's Department, by whom made 216 respecting, of unserviceable stores Ill the Quartermaster's Department 217 Subsistence Department 348 arms before issue 539 drafted men 669 Inspector of cattle, authorized 288, 325 duties of 288 Inspector of contracts, authorized 185, 323, 398, 566 appointed 103, 324 to take the oath of office 323 Inspector-General (see Rank; Pay; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 92, 96, 100, 105, 106, 110, 112, 116 appointed 88, 89 duties of 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 113, 114, 115, 183, 322 to receive the journals of Congress 99 letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 109, 111 how selected 109 (see Adjutant and Inspector-General. ) of ordnance, etc., appointed 87, 548 of cavalry appointed 87 (see Medical Inspector-General.) office of one, abolished Ill abolition of office of one, repealed Ill volunteer, may be continued in service 117 mentioned Ill, 311 assistant authorized 63, 96, 105, 112, 397, 565 duties of 63,97,98,100,101 may be performed by assistant adjutants-general 111 to perform duties of adjutants-general 63, 97, 105 not to lose rank the line 108 to be taken from the line - 109 INDEX. 743 Inspector-General Continued. Page. assistant to be attached to each army corps 112, 116 deputy, authorized 106, 109 ex-officio deputy adjutant-general 69, 107 assistant, authorized 109 I nspkctor-General's Department, how constituted 89,100,109,113,114,115, 117 necessary books and paper to be furnished the . . 179 1 1 metering duty to be performed by officers of the 95 no appointments or promotions to be made in the 112 appointments in the, how made 115 vacancies in the, how filled 116,117, 118 respecting details for duty in the 117,118 Inspectors (see Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 89, 96, 100, 103, 104, 106 how appointed 90,96,105,106 appointed 90,92,94,95,96,100,103 duties of 63, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102 to act as adjutants-general 60, 63, 66, 67, 90, 104 of a separate army, allowed an assistant 102 letters to and from the, of the Army free of postage 108 (see Medical Inspectors. ) to perform duties of mustering officers 636 of public property, punishable for neglect of duty, etc 215 office of, discontinued 103 assistant, authorized 105, 106, 108 to be deputy adjutants-general 105 retain place in the line 106, 108 subassistant , authorized 93, 96, 1 08 how appointed 96 appointed 89,94,95,99 duties of 63,97,98 of fortifications 496 light-houses 505 gunpowder 542 pay of, of ordnance 585 Intrenching tools, measures to prevent loss of 149 agent appointed for care of all 157 Invalids (see Retired list), disabled officers to be placed on lists of 24, 25 surgeon appointed to regiment of 390 Inventions (see Patents), hoard to examine all, in heavy ordnance, etc 519 \i< > expenditure allowed for perfecting, by officers of the Army 594 Invoices, respecting, of imported clothing .' . 253 goods, etc. , taken from Philadelphia 287 Irish, Nathaniel, commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549 Ikon, conduct of experiments in testing 513 Ikon Company Canal, mentioned 521 Iron works (see Salisbury iron works; Andovek iron works). Irvine, Callendek, mentioned 238 Irwin, Matthew, elected deputy commissary -general of issues 263 declined appointment 264 mentioned 8M I>sri:s, ( .1 < luartermaster stores to members of Congress discontinued 166, 306 respecting, of arms and military stores in camp 559 Isthmis ok Dakien, mentioned 506 Isthmus of Panama, respecting investigation of the 528 744 INDEX. J. Jackets, Page. uniform, not to be purchased until old stock is exhausted 222 Jackson, , mentioned 125 Jackson, David, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 mentioned 395 James, Thomas, mentioned 548 Jay, John, member of committee 364 Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas, member of committee 164, 299 Jenifer, Daniel, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Jervais, John Lewis, appointed deputy paymaster of South Carolina 452 mentioned 452 Jesup, Thomas S., mentioned 140 Johnson, Francis, elected commissary of prisoners 641 mentioned *. 637, 641 Johnson, Robert, elected hospital physician 394 to do the duty of purveyor for military hospital in the Southern depart- ment 395 Johnson, Thomas, member of committee 239,246,367,535,536 Johnson, Thomas, requested to have military stores at Annapolis removed to Frederick and those at Baltimore to Carlisle 546 Johnson, William, to do duty as brigade-major 57 Johnston, Joseph E., mentioned 140 Johonot, William, elected assistant apothecary 389 Jones, Roger, allowed pay of his commission as Adjutant-General from 1821 to March 7, 1825 75 mentioned 52 Jones, Roger, mentioned 86 Jones, Thomas, sheepskins for use of artillery to be delivered on application to 322, 565 Jones, Walter, elected physician-general of hospital in Middle Department 373 declined appointment 375 mentioned 361, 375 Jordan, John, commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers. 549 promoted captain 554 mentioned 563 Journals of Congress, to be furnished the Adjutant-General 63 Inspector-General 99 respecting extracts from the, relative to commissarv and clothiers' depart- ments 286 Judge-Advocates (see Pay; Rank; Rations; Forage), authorized : 124,128,129,130,132,135 appointed 123,124,125 127 to countersign copies of Articles of War 123 prosecute in the name of the United States 123, 128 appointment of, announced to the Army 123, 127 (See Depositions; Writs; Witne&ses. ) how appointed 134 INDEX. 745 Judge-Advocates Continued. Page. duties of 125, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134 entitled to one wagon or two bathorses 126, 127, 187 deputy, how appointed 127 number of, limited 132 (See Shirts; Linen.) corps of, merged into Judge- Advocate-General's Department 133 authorized on staff of army corps 134 continued in service 135 acting, may be detailed 135, 136 status of, as to tenure of office 131 mentioned 129, 131, 134 Judge- Advocate's Department, resolves of Congress relative to -the, repealed 127 Judge-Advocate-General (see Rank; Pay; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 130,131,132,133 duties of 123, 130, 131, 132, 133 (sec Bureau of Military Justice.) ex-qfficio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 133 mentioned 124,132 assistant, authorized 131 deputy, appointed 124 Jury duty, workmen in armories exempted from 576 Judge-Advocate-General's Department, how constituted 133,134,135 promotions in the, how made 134 respecting chief of the 136 chief of the, how selected 136 vacancies in the, how filled 136 K. Kelton, John C, mentioned 52 Kemper, , mentioned 292 Kermovan, John, appointed engineer to the Continental service 486 Kettles, to be procured 145 sent to Southern Army 318 incased. 180 supplied to soldiers without cost 687 Kkwaunee, Wis., improvement of harbor at 519 Key "West, Fla., improvement of harbor at 522 Kirby, E., mentioned 52 K IKK PATRICK, , appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners 493 Ki.kin, David, appointed deputy commissary of prisoners 641 Knox, Hknky, mentioned ">7, 549, 559, 568 Kosciuszko, Thaddei s, appointed engineer in the service of United States 487 I,. Laboratory, establishment of 545, 547, 562 Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565 mentioned 548, 557, 564, 565 Labor atoky artillerymen, respecting company of 550 Laborers, necessary, in Quartermaster's Department authorized 167, 198, 201 by whom appointed 169, 198 746 INDEX. Laborers Continued. Page. occasional, authorized in hospital department 363, 369 in Ordnance Department authorized 579, 596 status respecting bounty laws, etc 586 to be designated privates of the second class. . 591, 596 La Crosse, Wis., construction of a bridge at, across the Mississippi River 512 Lake Erie, bridging channel between, and Lake Huron 512 canal route from, to the Ohio River 526 Lake George, N. Y., mentioned 366 Lake Huron, relative to bridging channel between, and Lake Erie 512 Lake Michigan, mentioned 521 Lakes, respecting supply of army on the 246 storm signals on the northern 614 surgeon appointed for fleet fitting out on the 367 sites for light-houses, etc., on the northwestern, to be determined by the Topographical Bureau 505 deep waterways between the Great, and the Atlantic 526 Lake Samamish, mentioned 524 Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway, mentioned 521 Lake Union, mentioned 524 Lake Washington, mentioned 524 Lancaster, Pa., factory of firearms at, mentioned 541 respecting escape of prisoners of war at 650 Landings, along water front of Washington and Georgetown to be examined 511 Lands, grant of, for service in Revolutionary war 11, 389 not granted to claimants under an assignment 11 provisions granting, extended to general officers 19 officers of hospital department 389 assignment of tracts of, to refugees or freedmen 656, 657 respecting, held by the late Confederate States 658 Langdon, John, member of committee 239, 240, 536, 537 mentioned 54, 142, 242, 540 Lanterns, style of, for use in powder magazines 567 Larned, Benjamin F., mentioned 443 Latimer, Henry, appointed senior surgeon in the flying hospital 382 hospital physician and surgeon 389 Laurens, John, member of committee 14, 15 mentioned 322, 565 Lawrence, Jonathan, appointed captain in the corps of sappers and miners 493 Lawrence, John, appointed judge-advocate 124 pay and allowances of, established 124 resignation accepted 126 mentioned 121, 126 Lawson, John, to do duty as brigade-major 59 Lawson, Thomas, mentioned 362 INDEX. 747 Lead, Page. inquiry to be made respecting virgin and lead ores 536 importation of, authorized 538 imported, how disposed of 543 to be furnished the Southern army 563 exportation of, prohibited 573 imported, to be free of duty 573 surplus pig, to be sold 594 Leaden spouts, in Philadelphia, to be taken down for laboratory 548 Lead mines, respecting, at New Canaan, N. Y 539 in Maryland 548 Colonies requested to report condition of 541 in State of New York to be worked 549 prisoners of war may be furnished for work in New York 641 Learned, Ebenezer, mentioned 62, 89 Leases, respecting, of lands in the Southern States 657, 658 Leather (see Hides; Deerskins), purchase of, authorized 153, 274, 300 raw hides may be exchanged for 263 mentioned 547 Leather manufactory, mentioned 549 Leave of absence, respecting officers on, exceeding six months 32 granted extra territorially, when to commence and terminate 48 officers of Hospital Department on, not entitled to rations, etc 388, 400 on, to receive only half pay if not sick or wounded 681 nurses may be granted 439 length of, without reduction of pay 38, 682, 683 Le Baron, Francis, mentioned 362 Led yard, Isaac, elected assistant purveyor 389 Lee, Charles, mentioned 56, 60, 90, 304 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, member of committee 272, 283, 535, 539 Lee, John F., mentioned 121 Lee, Richard Henry, member of committee 246, 253, 544 Lee, William, recommended by Congress for appointment of Adjutant-General 57 Lee, William R., to do duty as brigade-major 56 "Le Fier Rodkrique" (ship), mentioned 286, 555 L' Enfant, Pierre Charles, appointed captain in the Corps of Engineers 490 pr< imoted to rank of major by brevet 495 mentioned 490, 495 Leonard, Nathaniel, mentioned 383 Letters (nee Franking privilege), to army in Mexico free of postage 31 official, to heads of bureaus free of postage 38 free of postage to and from the Adjutant-General 71, 72, 73 inspector of the Army 108 General 109, 1 1 1 Quartermaster-General 183, 197, 201 , 21 16 Commisearv-General 335, 339, 340 director of hospital 394 physician-general 408 apothecary -general 408 748 INDEX. Letters Continued. Page. free of postage to and from the Surgeon-General 408, 412 Paymaster-General 465 Chief of Engineers 502 Topographical Engineers 502 Commissary-General of Ordnance 579 Chief of Ordnance 584 Lewis, Andrew, mentioned 57 Lewis, Morgan, appointed deputy quartermaster-general 144 elected deputy quartermaster-general 144 mentioned 140 Lewis, Francis, member of committee 240, 241, 363, 364 mentioned 142 Lewis, William, appointed brigade inspector '. 89 Library (see Washington Public Library). Library of Congress, construction of the, under Chief of Engineers 523 privilege of the, granted to Chief of Engineers 524 mentioned 525, 526 Lieber, Guido N., mentioned 121 Light artillery, respecting clothing for the 334 Light boats, sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505 Light dragoons, uniform of the 16 respecting clothing for the 334 Light-House Board, how constituted in part 505 mentioned 505 Light-house inspectors, respecting detail of officers as 505 Light-houses, sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505, 506 construction and renovation of, under superintendence of engineer offi- cers 505, 506 plans for certain, to be approved by Topographical Bureau 505 Light infantry, uniform of the 18, 19, 22 Lincoln, Abraham, repairs to house in which President, died 528 Lincoln, Benjamin, mentioned 91, 100 Linen, care of, purchased for the Army 142 fit for tents, how disposed of 148 to be imported 263 respecting, for sick in hospitals 277, 376 distribution of small supply of 304, 382, 446, 447, 491 Lint, to be imported 365 Lippet, Christopher, mentioned 56 Liston's Point, Pa., respecting dike between, and Reedy Island 526' Litters, to be provided 372 horse and mule, authorized 421 Little Rock Arsenal, respecting pay of military storekeeper at the 587 Live stock (see Cattle), allowances to agents purchasing 269 pay, etc., of superintendent of 317 purchased, how deliverable 317 INDEX. 749 Livingston, , Page. member of committee 537, 539 Livingston, , mentioned 544 Livingston, , to do duty as brigade-major 55 Livingston, , mentioned 60 Livingston, Robert R.., mentioned 54, 242 Livingston, Walter, chosen for commissary of stores and provisions for the New York Depart- ment '. 239 Livingston, William, mentioned 176 Lockhart, Patrick, to procure pack horses and provisions for expedition against Detroit ... 157, 286 Long, Nicholas, appointed deputy quartermaster-general 143 to have rank of colonel 143 Long, Stephen H., mentioned 484 Low, Simeon, appointed assistant adjutant-general 66 Louis XVIII, mentioned '. 500 Louis Philippe, mentioned 500 Louisiana, recruiting officers not to be sent into 677 Louisville, Ky., quartermaster's depot at, mentioned 217 Louisville and Portland Canal, mentioned 524 Lovell, James, member of committee 87 Lovell, Joseph, mentioned 362 Lowry, Thomas, appointed to supply rations to New Jersey battalions 242 Ludington, Marshall J., mentioned 140 Ludwig, Christopher, appointed superintendent of bakers 253 continued in that office 318 compensation of, for past services 318 Lukens, Charles, commissioned major-commissary of military stores at Carlisle 549 pay of 549 excused from further service 561 mentioned 534 LiTTERLOH, Henry Emanuel, appointed deputy quartermaster-general 152 commissary of forage 179 Lux, Darby, mentioned 548 Lyman, Daniel, appointed brigade-major 58 Lynch, Thomas, member of committee $64 mentioned 243 M. If) ( 'i.ruK, , mentioned 59 M'Coomh, John, authorized to act as quartermaster at Princeton 1 52 750 INDEX. McCormick, Henry, Page. appointed brigade major 59 to do the duty of brigade major 62 appointed brigade inspector 94 McDougall, Alexander, mentioned ' 55, 95, 632 McGowan, John, to do the duty of brigade major 59, 62 appointed brigade inspector 89 mentioned 60 McHenry, James, mentioned 4 McHenry, James, mentioned 367 McIntosh, Lachlan, mentioned 59, 89 McKallister, John, mentioned ^ 263 McKean, Thomas, member of committee 247, 537 mentioned 297 McKnight, Charles, elected surgeon-general for the hospital in middle department 378 chief hospital physician 389 mentioned 361 McLean, Nathaniel H., appointment of, in the Adjutant-General's Department, or his reinstate- ment and retirement authorized 78 McLlNNEY, , to act as brigade major 60 McWilliams, William, to do duty as brigade major 56 McFeely, Robert, mentioned 238 Mackay, Eneas, mentioned 248 Mackenzie, Samuel, mentioned 370 Macomb, Alexander, mentioned 52, 483 Magazines, certain, to be inspected 87, 253 barracks, etc., to be erected at principal 152, 259 of provisions to be established 157, 245, 250, 279, 280, 288, 291, 310, 316, 324 North Carolina to furnish, of forage 179 Secretary of War to direct building and management of 184, 565 of military stores to be established 541, 544, 545, 547, 572 inspected 564 duties of keepers of, and arsenals 580 mentioned 180, 244, 245, 251, 279, 544, 563, 570, 578 Maiming, Freedmen's Bureau to prohibit, as a punishment 659 Malcolm, William, appointed deputy adjutant-general in northern department 60 permitted to hold his rank in the Army and his regiment 61 mentioned . 59, 493 Malt liquor, may be issued in lieu of rum, whisky, or brandy 333 Manchester, mentioned 571 Maneuvers, respecting system of 89, 90, 91, 92, 96 troops to be instructed in 87, 90 Manufactory, of fire arms at Lancaster, Pa. , mentioned 541 respecting establishment of a, of fire arms 555 allowances to superintendent of certain, of arms 581 INDEX. . 751 Maps, Page. surplus, of the Signal Office may 1 >e sold 615, 610 Marchaxt, Hexky, member of committee 254 Marcy, Randolph B., mentioned 86 Marine agent, to appoint a commissary for marine prisoners 650 mentioned 495 Marine committee, to regulate issue of provisions to the French squadron 287 aid the Commissary-General to fulfill certain engagements 300 be applied to for use of Government vessels 540 control exchange of marine prisoners 644, 650 Marine Corps, respecting enlistment of drafted men in the 672 issue of provisions to detachments of 337 Marianna, Fla., mentioned 501 M.VRMIE, TlRNBULL & Co., mentioned 327 "Marquis of Kildare" (brig), mentioned 146,248,543 Marselis, Gysbert, appointment of, as barrack master confirmed 143 .Marshall, Elihu, to act as brigade-major 60 Marshall, John, appointed deputy judge-advocate 124 Martin, , accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Marvin, Elihu, appointed brigade-major pro tern 59 Maryland, uniform of the, line 15 requested to seize provisions, etc., in hands of engrossers 158, 289 provide guards for certain prisoners of war 649 not to grant exceptions from embargo 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions, etc 306, 313 when deliverable 315 t< > furnish flour and Indian corn 303 cattle 311 part of flour furnished by, may be retained in the State 310 respecting mode of obtaining saltpeter from tobacco houses in 538 removal of certain military stores in 546 lead mine in 548 mentioned 264,271,279,280,287,545 Mason, David, excused from further service 560 Massachusetts, uniform of the, line ^ . . . 15 establishment of magazines of provisions in 157 mentioned 322,636 Massachusetts Bay, requested to seize certain clothing 277 board of war of, requested to import flour and provide vessels 278 quota of, to be furnished in provisions 306, 312 how paid for 307 w I nil deliverable 314 to furnish cattle 310, 311 requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 report condition of lead mines 541 respecting erection of magazine and laboratory in 545, 547 removal of prisoners of war in 642 mentioned 123,240,271 752 . INDEX. Massenbach, , Page. elected engineer for Southern Department 485 Massey, William, appointed deputy muster-master-general for South Carolina and Georgia. 685 Master armorers (see Pay) , authorized 572, 598 how appointed 572 to be designated as sergeants 566 Mates (see Surgeon's mates; Hospital mates; Apothecary's mates). Matrons (see Pay; Rations), authorized 371, 384, 392 by whom appointed 372, 387, 391 Mattack, Timothy, to be employed as storekeeper 142 Matthews, John, member of committee 14, 17, 286 mentioned 17, 157, 394 Maumee Valley Monumental Association, mentioned 522 Macs, Matthew, mentioned 390 Maxwell, William, mentioned 59, 60, 89, 95 Mead, Israel, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Meal (see Indian meal). Measam, George, continued in office of superintendent of commissary of stores for the Northern Army; pay of 246 elected commissary of clothing for the Northern Army; allowed pay and rations of a major 248 Mease, James, to deliver to the quartermaster-general all the cloth fit for tents 148 appointed commissary to supply the Pennsylvania battalions 243 to purchase necessary articles for approaching winter 249, 250 hats and caps and employ tailors 250 appointed clothier-general 252 mentioned 145,238,247,253,288 Mease and Caldwell, (Messrs.), mentioned 246 Meat, agents to purchase, east of the Susquehanna 280 Mechanics, necessary, in Quartermaster's Department authorized- - 201 Medical attendance, nurses entitled to i 439 respecting, to families of officers and men 433 Medical boards, authorized 396,405,419 duties of 396,397,398,405 mentioned 418 Medical cadets, authorized 416, 417 duties of "--- 416 to have rank and pay of West Point cadets 416 Medical committee, to supply director of hospital with medicines 366 increased 366 to forward medicines, etc. , to indicated points 367, 369 purchase medicines 367 provide antiscorbutics for the hospitals 368 provide accommodation for the sick 369 employ agents in each State to purchase medicines 370 resolution relative to Medical Department recommitted to the 381 to revise regulations relating to the hospital department 382 take measures for carrying on business of the Medical Department 383 give directions for establishing a hospital in Virginia 391 INDEX. 753 Medical committee Continued. I'age. discontinued; returns and papers of the, to be lodged with the ttoard of war 394 reports of 375, 383 Medical Department (see Hospital Department; Hospital Corps), inquiry to be made into abuses in the 368 how constituted 410,423,427,429,437 increased 411,413,414,416,417,418,419,433,436 officers of the, not to be concerned in trade 388 respecting vacancies in the 414, 428 (see National Homes for Disabled Volunteers; Soldiers' Home. ) nurse corps attached to the 439 mentioned 394,397,401,407,408,412,428,429,435,436,455 Medical director, duties of, of army corps 420 respecting, of armies in the field. 423 Medical inspector-general, authorized 417 how appointed 417 duties of 417, 418 Medical inspectors, authorized * 417, 419 how appointed 417, 419 duties of 417,418,420 mentioned 418 Medical officers (see Surgeons), duties of chief, of army corps 420 respecting pensions to, who served in the Revolutionary war 409 captured, who have charge of sick prisoners 394 entitled to one additional ration for every five years' service 412 to unite with line officers in supervising cooking 420 a, to report upon epidemic cholera 427 not entitled to command by virtue of their rank 413, 429 to rank according to date of commission 433 attend families of officers and men 433 regulating grades of certain 434 respecting assignment of 435 number of, increased 436 mentioned '_". 423 Medical property, accounts to be taken of 398 Medical purveyors (see Pay, Rations, Forage Land), authorized : 384,404,423,429 how appointed 388, 404 appointed 389 to take the oath of office 390 duties of 385,386,387,390,391,397,404,417,418,429 to give bonds 419,423,430 undergo examination 424 may be assigned to duty as surgeons 429 mentioned 384 deputy, authorized 392 appointed 393,395,398 duties of 392 assistant, appointed 395 Medical staff, extended 409 brigade surgeons attached to the 419 Mkdical storekeepers (see Pay), authorized 418 to give bonds 418, 419 abolished 428 Medical stores (see Medicines), to be inspected 365 druggist appointed in Philadelphia to receive all 367 respecting removal of 369, 376 loss of or damage to, how punished 383 S. Doc. 229 48 754 INDEX. Medical Stores Continued. i'ge. all, not necessary to be sold . 400 respecting accountability for 377 returns of all, to be made 401 respecting issue of, to destitute refugees or f reedmen 657 Medicines (see Peruvian bark), purchase of, authorized 240, 364, 365 to be imported 365 supplied 365, 366 provided 367, 369, 370, 380 returns of, to be made 369, 399 estimates of, required to be submitted 384 all, in Virginia to be collected 391 mentioned 404 Medicine wagons, mentioned 421 Mehelm, John, appointed commissary of hides 291 mentioned 238 Meigs, Montgomery C, placed in charge of construction of Pension building 227 to superintend construction of Washington Aqueduct 507 mentioned 140 Melchior, , to dismiss certain of his deputies 163 Memorial, on necessity of a corps of engineers, mentioned 495 Memorial bridge, respecting a, from Washington City to Arlington, Va 526 Memphis, Tenn., respecting construction of an arsenal at 584 Meng, Wollory, commissioned captain superintendent of leather manufactory 549 captain in Colonel Flowers' s regiment 553 Mentges, Francis, allowed additional compensation while acting as inspector of contracts to the Southern army under General Greene's appointment 103 mentioned 85, 103 Mercer, James, member of committee 164, 299 Mercury (ship), mentioned 252, 546 Merlet, , mentioned 90 Meteorological observations, at military posts, authorized 614, 616 Mexican frontier, respecting telegraph lines on the 615 Mexican War (see Badges), sappers and miners who served in the, entitled to discharge 504, 505 status as to allowances of men of the Ordnance Department who served in the 586 Mexico, letters, etc., to army in, free of postage : 31 respecting care of cemetery near city of 221 Miami Kiver, Fla., respecting routes from, to the sea 528 Michigan and Illinois Canal, mentioned 519 Middle Department, respecting salt for troops in the 271, 275 importation of flour from the 278 mentioned 54, 373, 374, 375, 378, 449 MlDDLETON, member of committee ... 247, 363, 544 Mifflin, Jonathan, appointed brigade-major 55 deputy quartermaster-general 152 INDEX. 755 Mifflin, Thomas, Page. member of committee 17, 535 appointed Quartermaster-General 141 conditionally 145 requested by Congress to resume office of Quartermaster-General 145 allowance to, for his service as Quartermaster-General 151 given leave to repair to General Washington's headquarters 151, 156 returned his commissions as major-general and Quartermaster-General . . . 153 resignation accepted, but commission of major-general returned to him . . 153 elected member of the Board of War 153 directed to exercise duties of Quartermaster-General notwithstanding his resignation 153 tendered his resignation 157 resigned . 160 mentioned 3, 17, 55, 90, 139, 140, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 160, 253 Mileage (see Traveling expenses), rate of 34, 35, 38, 41 , 43, 44, 48, 434 not legal in excess of actual expenses 38 when transportation requests are furnished 47 how computed 685 Miles, John, appointed brigade quartermaster 183 Military Academy, Corps of Engineers to constitute a 497 respecting superintendence of the 497 how constituted 498 Superintendent of the, how selected 510 mentioned 230, 514 Military agents (see Pay), and assistants authorized 195, 332 office of, discontinued 197 Military asylum (see Soldiers' Home), Military departments (see Eastern, New York, Northern, and Southern departments], commissary of forage authorized for each of the 148 duties of commanders of 151, 182, 375 mentioned 190,247,273,288,371,423,485,564 Military divisions, mentioned 348 Military jurisdiction, all persons in Freedmen's Bureau to be under 163, 283, 657 Military prison, to be inspected 113, 114,115 surgeon detailed for duty at the 427 Military societies (see Badges). Military storekeepers (see Rank, Pay, Ordnance storekeepers), authorized in purchasing department , 337, 339 Quartermaster's Department 208, 210, 218, 231 appointed 143 to give bonds 208,597 grade of, in Quartermaster's Department, when to cease 222, 232 Military supplies (see Ordnance stores), inspection of unserviceable, by whom made Ill, 204, 340, 410, 616 means to prevent loss, etc., oi . 149, 150 respecting purchase of 196, 564 sale of damaged, when to be made 204,339,410,540,616 Secretary of War to control and supervise all 210,336 all surplus, to be sold 326 returns of all, to be made 326, 336 respecting forms of returns and accounts of . .' 336, 578 Secretary of War to prescribe species and amounts of, to be purchased . . . 336 respecting proceeds of sales of 505, 587 Militia, inspectors to be appointed to the, when in service 96 commission allowed on payments to the 466 one paymaster allowed for two regiments of 467 respecting purchase of arms from the 539 756 INDEX. Militia Continued. Page. arms to be provided for sale to the States 574 mentioned 245,285,449,463,465,548,576 Militia duty, respecting exemption from 547 Miller, Charles, pay and rations allowed to, as storekeeper 244 Mills (see Powder mills), flour barrels to be returned to the 275 Mills, John, mentioned 51, 85 Mines (see Lead mines; Symsbury mine). Minors, respecting discharge of 674, 675 Minots Rock, Mass., works near, mentioned 504 Mississippi River, respecting road from the, to designated point in Arkansas 501 railroad from the, to the Pacific Ocean 506 construction of a bridge over the, at La Crosse, Wis 512 survey of mouth of 513 the, and its tributaries 513 location of bridge across the, at Hickman, Ky 522 bridge to St. Louis over the 526 channel through southwest pass of the 526, 528 Mississippi River Commission, how constituted 518, 519 Missouri, respecting construction of arsenals in 584 Missouri River, respecting improvement of the, to Sioux City, Iowa 528 Missouri River Commission, how constituted 520 mentioned 528 Mobile Bay, respecting erection of an arsenal on 583 Moccasins, men to be selected to make, for their corps 270 Moffat, , mentioned 593 Moneys, respecting, obtained from sales of stores and supplies -505, 587 appropriated for the Ordnance Service 595, 599 Signal Service 620 public, how accounted for 200,336,408,462,463,578 MoNONGAHELA NAVIGATION COMPANY, mentioned 521 Montgomery, John, appointed to muster Major Wilson's battalion 635 Moore, James, appointed brigade major 61, 63 inspector 96 Moore, John, appointed to act as an assistant commissary of purchases 282 Moore, John, mentioned 362 Moore, Willis E., mentioned 593 Morgan, George, to appoint a deputy commissary for the troops on the western frontiers of Virginia 251 appointed deputy commissary -general of purchases 273 mentioned 291 Morgan, John, elected director-general and chief physician 364 appointed director-general and physician in chief 367 mentioned 361,366,368,369,380 Morgan, Michael R., mentioned 238 INDEX. 757 Morris, Gouverneur, Page. member of committee 15, 291 mentioned 159, 160 Morris, Lewis, member of committee 253, 535, 539, 540 Morris, Robert, member of committee 246 Morris, Robert, directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the army in the Northern Department 545 Mortars, respecting the casting of 549 arrival of imported, announced 550 contracts to be made for 554 mentioned 570 Moultrie, William, mentioned 648 Mount Vernon, Va., survey of a national road from the Aqueduct Bridge to 523 Moylan, John, elected clothier-general 318 , appointment announced to the Army 319 mentioned 238 Moylan, Stephen, elected Quartermaster-General 144 appointment of, announced to the Army 144 to have rank of colonel and pay of $80 a month 144 appointed muster-master-general 631 mentioned 140,145,629 Muhlenberg, Peter, mentioned 58,59,61,89,94 Mule litters, authorized in lieu of ambulances 421 Mullany, James R., mentioned 140 Mullens, Thomas, appointed brigade-major 58, 59 to act as brigade-major 59 Mumkord, William Green, elected deputy commissary -general of issues 263 Murray, , to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491 resigned 493 Murray, Robert, mentioned - 362 MU8KET LOCKS (C GUNLOCKS), to be imported - 537 Muskets (see Rifles), respecting importation of 536 manufacture of .*. 537, 539, 541, 543, 555 purchase of 538, 539, 541 all to be stamped " United States " 546 distribution or imported 546 impressment of 548 to be furnished the Southern army 563 mentioned 547 Mustering Department, plan of the 96 necessary books and paper to be furnished the 179 mentioned 636 discontinued 636 Mustering officers, duties of 98 Muster-Master-General {me. Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage), appointed 631,632 deputy, authorized 633, 635 appointed 631,632,634,635 758 INDEX. Muster-Master-General Continued. Page. deputy, to take the oath of office 635 duties of 632 Muster masters (see Pay; Rations; Forage), for corps of wagoners authorized 635 respecting issue of small quantity of shirts and linen to 304, 636 mentioned 636 deputy, authorized 631 , 632, 633 appointed 634, 635 duties of 634 Muster rolls, abstracts of, to whom sent 57, 633 how made 97, 98 to be sworn to 634 Musters, by whom made 95, 100, 636 how made 97, 98 when to be made 631, 633 Myer, Albert J., mentioned 611 N. Nash, William H., mentioned 238 National armories, to be established at each arsenal 572 reports of arms made and repaired in, to be made 572 National cemeteries, authorized 218 superintendents of, how selected 218, 220, 226 to be inclosed 219, 226 graves in, how marked 219, 221, 226 care of cemetery near City of Mexico 221, 222, 226 National Home for Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans, respecting issue of medical stores to the 423 National Homes for Disabled Volunteers, respecting clothing for the 222, 687 obsolete ordnance and ordnance stores for the 605 to be inspected yearly 116 medical stores to be sold to the 424, 436 National road, survey of a, from the Aqueduct Bridge to Mount Vernon, Va 523 Naval arsenals, respecting erection of 500 Naval officers, to inspect steam vessels for the Quartermaster's Department 216 Naval service, provisions respecting artificial limbs applicable to men in the 426 mariners liable to draft may enlist in the 671 enlistments in the, how credited 672, 676,678 mentioned 670 Negroes, to be enrolled 675 bounty to slave, to whom paid 676 Nevada volunteers, respecting traveling expenses of, discharged in New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah 472 Nevin, Daniel, to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491 appointed captain of engineers 491 New Canaan, N. Y., respecting lead mine at 539 New England, legislatures of, requested to authorize impressment of transportation 142 New Hampshire, uniform of the, line 15 quota of, to be furnished in provisions 306, 312 INDEX. 759 New Hampshire Continued. 1'age. quota of, to be furnished in provisions, how paid for 307 when deliverable 307, 314 requested to furnish cattle 310 collect saltpeter and brimstones 535 Nkw Jersey, uniform of the, line 15 requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engrossers. 158, 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 306 how paid for 307, 313 when deliverable 307, 314 requested to call for contributions of blankets 268 not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 to furnish flour 304 cattle 310 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 report condition of lead mines 541 improvement of channel between, and Staten Island 513 mentioned 176,271,291,311,368,380,381,390,545,550 New London, Conn., mentioned 383,571 New Mexico, traveling expenses of California volunteers discharged in 472 respecting pay of military storekeeper of ordnance in 587 New Orleans, La., respecting construction of custom-house in 505 Newton, John, mentioned 483 New Windsor, N. Y., mentioned 400 New York, uniform of the, line 15 requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engrossers. 158, 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage , 166 how paid for 166 provisions 306, 312 how paid for 307, 312 when deliverable 307, 314 requested not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 to cause distribution of certain provisions 300 sulphur in New York City to be removed 690 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 respecting lead mines in 539, 541, 549, 641 mentioned 639, 645, 648, 690 New York City, N. Y., quartermaster's depot at, mentioned 217 respecting certain bells taken from 569 sulphur in the 690 New York Department, appointment of staff officers for the. . . .* 63, 141 , 239, 445 Niagara, N. Y., pay of assistant military agent at 195 Niagara River, respecting width of draw in bridge across the 527 NlCARAGUAN CANAL, mentioned 526 Nichols, Bela, commissioned first lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Nichols, Noah, commissioned captain in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Nicodemus, William J. L., mentioned 611 Nicola, Lewis, mentioned 390 Nicoll, Abimael Y., mentioned 52, 86 760 INDEX. Nixon, John, Page. mentioned 55, 56, 62 Noarth, George, mentioned 635 NONCOMBATANTS, drafted, may be assigned to duty in hospitals 674 Norris George, commissioned first lieutenaut of artillery artificers 549 North, William, appointment of, as inspector of the troops remaining in service confirmed. 103 to receive pay allowed to an inspector of a separate army 103 mentioned 51, 52, 85 North Carolina, uniform of the, line 15 appointment of staff officers for duty in 143 respecting agents in, to purchase leather and deerskins 153, 274 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 306, 31 3 how paid for 307 when deliverable 307, 314, 315 to furnish magazines of forage 179 provisions 310 requested to lay an embargo on beef and pork 280 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 mentioned * 246,279,365,583,632 North Carolina light horse, paymaster for the, appointed 448 Northern army, appointment of staff officers for the 58, 103, 124, 144, 248, 364, 632 respecting supply of the 246 medicines to be sent to the 367 mentioned 545 Northern Department appointment of staff officers for the . 57, 60, 265, 269, 290, 367, 370, 374 payment of troops in the, by whom made 446 mentioned 12,275,368,369,378,545,633 North River Bridge, mentioned 524 Nourse, Charles J., mentioned 52 Nurse corps, how constituted 439 attached to Medical Department 437 payments to the, by whom made 439, 478 Nurses (see Pay; Rations; Pensions), authorized 363,371,384,392,404,439 how appointed 364,387,391 female, may be substituted for soldiers 416, 430 O. Oath of Office, form of 12,21,33,682,684 to be taken by officers of the department of stores and provisions 239 purchases 261, 284, 317 issues 261,278 Quartermaster's Department 141, 154, 175, 188 Hospital Department 390 Pay Department 445, 458, 459, 460 Freedmen's Bureau 655, 659 inspectors of contracts 185, 323 respecting failure to take the 154, 377, 398, 566 Oaths, form of, as to correctness of muster rolls 98 of witnesses before courts-martial 128, 133 judge-advocates authorized to administer 134 boards of enrollment empowered to administer 673 INDEX. 761 Observations, Page. respecting system of, by Signal Service 614 Office, civil, not to be held by officers on the active list 685 holding a civil, no bar to receiving half pay 380, 453 Officers (see Engineer; Topographical Engineers; Signal and Staff Officers), all, under rank of brigadier-general may be displaced by General Wash- ington 12 grant of land to 11, 19 (See Pay; Rations; Half pay; Servants; Homes; Forage; Baggage Wagons; Bathorses; Brevets; Uniform; Badges; Retired List; Artificial Limbs; Prisoners of War.) forbidden to wear red coats 19 disabled, to be placed on list of invalids ! 24, 25 respecting line, transferred to staff 26, 31, 39, 70, 73, 93, 464, 683, 686 discharged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 27 entitled to pension for service in the Revolutionary war 28, 29 not to receive extra allowances not authorized by law 30 when deemed deserters 32, 33 claims of, entitled to retirement 32, 34, 37, 39, 42 may purchase articles kept by Subsistence Department 35, 41 length of service, how computed 36 respecting transportation to, traveling without troops 43 (See Mileage; Leave of Absence; Quarters; Traveling Allowances; Volunteer Officers.) respecting detail of, for staff duty 45, 134, 233, 234, 357, 358, 529, 606, 686 portmanteaus and valises issued to 160 supernumerary, of infantry 185, 323, 494, 566, 650 in hospitals to be cured of venereal diseases 376 detail of, for ambulance duty 420 settlement of accounts of 456 assignment of, to duty as paymasters 466, 467 in Freedmen's Bureau 656, 657 (See Arms; Patents; Inventions.) on active list not to hold any Territorial civil office 685 mentioned ' 23,183 Ogden, Aaron, appointed brigade-major 60, 66 to do the duty of brigade-major pro tem 63 O'Hara, James, mentioned 140, 319, 328 Ohio River, canal around falls of the, mentioned 505 examination of all bridges over the 511, 512 canal route from Lake Erie to the 526 < h.ii'hant, David, elected deputy director of the hospitals of the Southern Army 394 mentioned 361, 382, 394 Oliver, Robert, appointed brigade-major 62 mentioned 99 Ordinance, for regulating the Clothing Department 293 Ordnance (see Cannon; Guns; Mortars), respecting issues of captured 592 condemned 605 heavy rifled 593 unserviceable, may be sold 582 obsolete projectiles for, may be sold t 595 depots of, authorized 596 respecting inventions of 519, 600 cost of, issued to States and Territories, how credited 602 contracts for, may le made 604 may be purchased \vi' bout advertisement 604 respecting freight charges on 607 mentioned 577, 580, 581, 596 762 INDEX. Ordnance Bureau, p &ge. pay of principal assistant in the 587, 598 superintendent of manufacture of iron cannon authorized in the 585, 586 to purchase or contract for necessary ordnance and stores 604 Ordnance Department, how constituted 576, 579, 583, 592, 594, 595, 596, 604, 605, 606 increased t 584, 586, 590, 591 respecting business of the, to be done in the field 556 report on condition of the 569 merged into the artillery 581 act merging the, into the artillery repealed 583 regulating number of subalterns transferred to the 585 enlisted men of the, how designated 590, 591 new appointments and promotions in the, forbidden 593 may be made 595 promotions and appointments in the, subject to examination 594 (see Vacancies. ) of the Navy mentioned 602 respecting details for duty in the 581, 606 mentioned 581, 595, 598, 600, 602 Ordnance officers (see Pay; Rations), may be retained or transferred to other corps 581 superintendents of designated armories to be 585, 590, 598 repealed 588 who served fourteen years as subaltern to be promoted 588, 597 to be examined prior to promotion 591, 597 (see Vacancies.) examination to precede appointment as 596 respecting examination of, who served as volunteers 603 promotion of 606 mentioned 582, 586, 600, 602, 604 Ordnance sergeants, authorized 583, 595 how selected 583, 595 Ordnance storekeepers (see Rank; Pay), authorized 572, 592, 596, 600, 606 to give bonds 597 may be assigned as paymasters at arsenals and armories 592, 596 number of, limited 585 mentioned 219, 577, 580, 584, 587 office of, when to cease 605 Ordnance stores (see Chief of Ordnance), committee to consider means of obtaining 535 respecting magazines of 541, 574 removal of certain . 546, 548 issues of, in camp 559 disposition of imported 565 in fixed magazines, how drawn out 556 returns of, to be made 557, 565, 568, 569, 577, 580, 581 respecting embezzlement, etc. , of 561 not to be sold without order of Congress 568 sale of, to be stopped 569 respecting forms of returns and accounts of 336, 578 establishment of depots of, authorized % 580, 596 damaged or unsuitable, may be sold 582, 593, 598 regulates purchase of 589, 590, 604 cost of, issued to States and Territories, how credited 602 respecting freight charges on 607 mentioned 537, 541, 543, 544, 547, 551, 552, 553, 556, 557, 564, 568, 572, 573, 587 Oregon, pay of ordnance storekeepers in 587 Ores (see Lead), Orphans, of officers who died of wounds entitled to pension 24, 26 mentioned 457 Otis, Samuel A., mentioned 277 INDEX. 763 Otto, Bono, Page. accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Otto, Frederick, accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Owings, Nathaniel, mentioned 548 Oxen, number of, fit for service to be reported 147 respecting exchange of horses for draft 180 Ox TEAMS, respecting substitution of, for horse teams 158 P. Paca, William, member of committee 247, 249, 540 mentioned 146, 250 Pacific coast, respecting contracts for supplies needed on the 217, 218 erection of gun factories on the 524 deep-water harbor on the 524 Pacific Ocean, respecting railroad to the 506 mentioned 46 Pack animals, number of, limited 228 Packers, authorized 261 pay of, by whom regulated 262, 305 Packets (see Letters), Pails, huts for troops to be provided with > 154 P\i\e Robert Treat member of committee 247, 363, 535, 538, 539, 540, 543, 545 mentioned 54, 242 Palfrey, William, elected Paymaster-General of the Army of the United States 446 pay increased 450 allowed the sum of $20,000 compensation for services 453 appointment announced to the Army 446 mentioned 443, 450, 453, 454 Palmer, , mentioned 146, 248, 543 Pancoast, David, commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549 mentioned 554 Parks, Theophilus, commissioned lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 554 mentioned 559 Parke, John, appointed an assistant to the Quartermaster-General 141 Parker, Daniel, mentioned 52, 86, 443 Parker, Paul, to do duty as brigade-major 59 Parole (see Exchange), prisoners on, to pay their own expenses 647 Parsons, S. II., mentioned > 55 Pabvin,- Mathew, appointment of, as conductor of artillery confirmed 568 Patten, Thomas, commissioned captain-lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Patterson, , mentioned 59, 89 Patterson, Thomas, appointed brigade-major pro ban 59 Patterson, William, mentioned 124 764 INDEX. Pasturage, Page. States requested to procure, for public horses 175 Patent, claims for use of any, for preservation of clothing, etc. , not allowed 220 Patent arms (see Inventions J, purchase of, to be authorized by law 589 Patients, care of medical and surgical patients in Washington City 510 Paupers, care of transient, in Washington City 510 Pay (see Half pay; Retired list; Leave of absence), of officers established 25, 37, 40, 496 increased 31, 36 for every five years' sendee 37, 40 serving extraterritorially increased 47, 48 on the list of invalids 24, 25 of the Adjutant-General's Department 53, 55, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 Inspector-General's Department 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114 Judge- Advocate-General's Department 123, 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133 department of stores and provisions 239 purchases 262, 304, 305, 335, 336, 337 issues 262, 264, 266, 296, 304 hides 263, 298 military stores 536, 541, 545, 546, 551, 552, 557, 560, 562, 563, 567, 571 musters 631, 633, 634, 635 clothier's department 248, 267, 295, 296, 323 Quartermaster's Department. 141, 144, 145, 148, 151, 156, 161, 162, 163, 164, 173, 184, 185, 186, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 218, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233, 336 Subsistence Department 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 348, 349, 350, 356 Medical Department 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 373, 378, 387, 388, 391, 394, 396, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 416, 417, 418, 419, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429, 438 pay department 445, 447, 448, 449, 450, 452, 453, 456, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 472, 473, 474 Corps of Engineers 485, 486, 487, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 502, 509, 510, 513 corps of topographical engineers 499 Ordnance Department . . 581, 584, 585, 586, 587, 590, 592, 598, 604 department of the commissary -general of ordnance. 577, 578, 579 prisoners 639, 644, 645, 650 Signal Corps 613, 614, 616, 618, 624 bureau of refugees and f reedmen 655, 656, 657 provost-marshal general's bureau 667, 673, 677 corps of artillery artificers 550, 553 professors of the Military Academy 497, 498 inspector of fortifications 496 contracts 566 cattle ". 288, 306 surveyor of ordnance 558 military agents and assistants 332 superintendent of live stock 317 marine commissioner of prisoners 651 contract surgeons 436, 438 paymasters' clerks 467, 469, 470, 475 ordnance sergeants 583, 598 superintendents of armories 581, 584 national cemeteries 220, 226 post quartermaster-sergeants 229 commissary sergeants 349, 351 hospital stewards 411, 414, 417, 433 company of sappers and miners 504 engineer battalion 508, 510, 514, 515 INDEX. 765 Pay Continued. Page. of artificers 497 artillery artificers 560, 561, 562 topographical engineer soldiers 509 enlisted men of the Hospital Corps..., 434 Corps of Engineers 511 ordnance 590, 591, 598 the Signal Corps 617, 620, 625 hospital matrons : 431 nurses 416,431,439 employees in the department of stores and provisions . 244, 245, 246, 247, 251 , 253 purchases 317 issues 296 military stores 545, 549 commissary-general of ordnance 577 Quartermaster's Department 197, 198, 199, 224 armories 572,575,584,585,588,598 bakers 253,281,318 respecting deficiency of, by reason of depreciated bills of credit 17, 19 purchase of goods on account of 19 accounts for, how made 20 States requested to discharge deficiency on additional 22 three months, allowed to officers deranged in 1815 27 1818 29 warrant staff officers 28 of engineer member of Deep Waterways Commission 528 Pay Department (see Vacancies), how organized 463,469,472,474,476,477,478 increased 466,467,468 report of committee on the 457 no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 473, 475 section 6 of act of March 3, 1869, modified as to the 473 number of majors in the, reduced 476, 477 all appropriations under, to constitute one fund 477 vacancy in position of chief of the, how filled 479 officers of the, not to command in the line or other corps 468, 474 disbursing officers of the, to renew their bonds 469, 475 respecting command in the 468 to make payments to the Nurse Corps 439, 478 respecting details for duty in the 478, 479 mentioned 478 479 Paymaster-General (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 445, 458, 459, 463, 465, 469, 472, 473, 474, 476, 478 how appointed 472, 475 to give bonds and take the oath of office 445 appointed 445, 446, 454 appointment of, announced to the Army 446 duties of 322, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 456, 457, 464, 465, 469, 470, 472 to keep his office when Congress may sit 452 near headquarters of main army 451, 459 authorized to appoint his assistant and deputy 455 services of, united with those of commissioner of Army accounts 457 to frank and receive letters, etc., free of postage 465 (nee Paymaster of the Army), to perform his duties under direction of the President 460, 474 ex officio Commissioner of Soldier's Home 470 vacancy in position of, how filled 479 mentioned 448, 452, 453, 454, 455, 467 assistant, authorized : 448, 449 appointed 449 deputy, authorized 445, 452, 461, 468 to take the oath of office 445 appointed 446,447,448,453 duties of 446,447,448,449,450,451,474 allowed commission on disbursements 454 respecting issue of small supply of shirts and linen to the 304, 447 authorized to appoint assistants 445, 449 766 INDEX. Paymaster-General Continued. Page. deputy, assistant, authorized 461 respecting retention of 463 discharge of two, revoked 469 mentioned 448 Paymaster of the Army (see Pay), authorized 457, 460 to give bonds 458 duties of 457, 460, 463 letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 460 retained 461 mentioned 463 Paymasters (see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 449, 451, 469, 472, 474, 478 appointed 445 446, 447, 448 to give bonds 445 hospital, to draw clothing 381 of regiments mentioned 456 Corps of Engineers attached to Pay Department 466 (see District paymasters; Battalion paymasters), authorized to appoint clerks 466, 467, 475 respecting officers of the line acting as 467 number of, reduced 467, 473, 474, 476, 477 discharged on reduction to receive three months' pay 468 to be examined 470, 471 respecting settlement of accounts of 473 to issue deposit books to soldiers. - 473, 475 how selected 469, 472 mode of selection of, repealed 473 additional, authorized 466, 467, 468, 474 may be retained 469, 478 to be examined 470 officers of the line may be assigned to duty as 466 (see Retired list; Vacancies.) how appointed from civil life 477 respecting pay of military storekeepers designated as 584 mentioned 27, 455, 469, 472, 478, 549 assistant, authorized 445, 449, 455 to give bonds - 448 deputy, authorized 455 appointed 453 allowed one wagon 172, 187, 454, 456 mentioned 449, 452 Paymaster's clerks (see Pay; Rations), authorized . 464, 467, 469, 470, 475 Payments, respecting, of claims for supplies furnished - 212 for goods, etc., taken in Philadelphia 293 of extra pay for service in Mexican war 469 to sick and wounded soldiers 470 of bounty 471,472,473,474,659,660 of claims of disloyal persons forbidden 424, 472, 511, 686, 687 to the Army, how made 445, 455, 460, 461, 462, 463, 474, 475 Nurse Corps, by whom made -. . . 439, 478 Pay rolls, how made 447 Peabody, , member of committee 17 mentioned 17 Peale, St. George, elected commissary of military stores in Maryland - - - - 545 mentioned 533 Peck, William, to do duty as brigade-major 55 appointed brigade-major 55 appointment of, as deputy adjutant-general, confirmed 58 Peers, Valentine, appointed brigade-major 58 INDEX. 767 Pelliser, Christopher, Page, appointed an engineer in the service of the United States 486 Pemberton, Robert, appointed assistant adjutant-general . . .'. 64 Pendleton, James Jauncey, pay and rations allowed to, as magazine keeper 245 Penet & Co., mentioned .* 563 Penet & Couloux, (Messrs.) contract with 555 mentioned 555 Penet, Windel & Co., mentioned 555 Penn, John, member of committee 247 appointed to visit hospitals 376 Pennsylvania, uniform of the, line 15 requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engross- ers 158,289 requested not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166,167 provisions 306, 313 how paid for 307, 313 when deliverable 307, 315 wagons of the, line to be put in order 180 to request contribution of blankets, etc 249 requested to permit vessels to load with provisions for Eastern States 288 furnish flour or wheat 303 cattle . 310 lay up military stores, etc 544 impress arms m Philadelphia 548 to furnish one regiment of artificers 562 German prisoners of war to be removed to 649 mentioned 145, 155, 252, 264, 271, 272, 279, 280, 287, 311, 367, 380, 381, 447, 536, 545, 546, 562 Pensacola Bay, erection of an arsenal on 583 Pension Bureau, respecting erection of a building for the 227 Pension laws, provisions of, applicable to the men in the several staff corps 208, 342, 413, 504, 586 Pensions, respecting, to nurses , 435 to men who served in the Revolutionary war 28, 29, 409 disabled officers of Provost-Marshal -General's Bureau 680 Pepper, army ration to include 346, 351 Perry, Ebenezer, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Peruvian bark, to be sent to the Southern Department 365, 367 Peters, Andrew, appointed brigade-major 62 Petti no ill, Joseph, appointed brigade inspector -_ 95 Pettit, Charles, appointed assistant quartermaster-general 156, 176 permitted to resign 182 Philadelphia. . number of horses and oxen in, fit for service to be reported 147 n-p.c ting goods, etc., seized in 159, 161,290,293 magazines of provisions to be formed in or near 250 leaden spouts in, to be taken down lor laboratory 548 onlv an issuing store and laboratory to be kept in 562 mentioned,,.; 183,250,367,522,544,545,550,570,571 768 INDEX. Philippines (see Badges), Pa se. pay of officers in the, increased 47 mentioned 233, 626 Philips, Peter, elected commissary of hides 263 declined appointment 265 pay and rations of, as storekeeper 244 mentioned 238,265 Phumekin, mentioned 383 Physician and Surgeon (see Chief physician and surgeon) , authorized 366 Physician and Surgeon-General (see Pay; Rations), authorized, duties of 372, 408 appointed 373, 374 entitled to draw clothing 381 letters, etc., to and from the, free of postage 408 mentioned 380 Physician-Generals (see Pay; Rations), authorized 371,403,404 appointed 373, 374, 375 duties of 371,374,378,404 Physician in Chief (see Director and physician in chief) . Pickering, Timothy, elected quartermaster-general 176 continued as a member of the board of war 176 to have rank of colonel and the pay and rations of brigadier-general over and above pay of quartermaster-general 176 member of committee 17 appointed adjutant-general 58 mentioned 17,51,69,140,176 Pierce, John, elected deputy paymaster-general 453 paymaster-general 454 mentioned. 443 Pike, , to superintend military hospital at Williamsburg 395 Pike, Zebulon M., mentioned 52, 86 Pioneers, corps of, to be raised 184 Pittsburg, Pa., mentioned 195, 585 Plan, of the inspecting and mustering department 96 for conducting the inspectors' department 100 respecting, for an artillery yard 544 Platt, , appointed division inspector 100 Platt, , mentioned 182 Platt, Richard, to do duty as brigade-major 55 mentioned 55 Poe, David, appointed quartermaster for the town of Baltimore 153 Points Capistrans and Duma, mentioned 524 Pontoniers (see Engineer soldiers), Poor, Enoch, mentioned 60,62,89,95 Pork (see Barrels), exportation of, prohibited 251 North Carolina to lay an embargo on all 280 to be procured 282 quotas of States to be furnished in 312,313,314,315 may be received in lieu of flour ,,,..,,..,., 316 INDEX. 769 Portage Lake and River Improvement Company Canal, Page. mentioned 521 Porter, Jabez, pay and rations allowed to, as magazine keeper 245 PORTERFIELD, ROBERT, to do duty of brigade-major pro tempore 61 mentioned 61 Portland and Louisville Canal, mentioned 524 PORTM A NTEAU8, respecting, furnished to officers 160 Port Orford, Oreg., respecting harbor of refuge at 524 Porto Rico, actual expenses only for travel to and from 46 pay of officers serving in, increased 47 Postage (see Letters), accounts for official, how paid 681 Post commissary-sergeants, commissary -sergeants to be known as 357 Post exchanges, respecting use of public buildings by 230 Postmaster (see Rations), allowance of transportation to the field 172 Post quartermaster-sergeants, authorized 228, 233 duties and pay of 229 number of, increased 232 Posts, limiting expenditure on buildings at 229 respecting use of buildings by post exchanges 230 rations may be issued to Indians visiting 341 meteorological observations to be taken at 614, 616 Post surgeons, authorized 409 garrison surgeons and mates considered as 689 Potomac River, mentioned 397 Potomac waterworks, to be placed in charge of an engineer officer 506 supervision of the, transferred to Department of the Interior 509 Potts, Jonathan, to be employed as physician and surgeon 366 elected deputy director-general of hospital in Northern Department 374 mentioned: 369, 378 Powder (see Gunpowder), POWDERHORNS, horns of bullocks killed to be made into 142, 242, 538 Powder magazines, precautions against fire in 566, 567 Powder mills, in State of New York to be put in order 535 colonies requested to erect 540 Precincts, construction of word, in enrollment act 676 Powell, John W., mentioned 349 Power, Alexander, commissioned quartermaster to the corps of artillery artificers 550 Pratt, John, mentioned 51 President of the United States (see Clothing; Uniform), authorized to make calls for military service 670 assign to districts number of men to be furnished 668 make recess appointments 25, 68, 70, 71, 105, 107, 109, 193, 195, 199, 335, 403, 407, 462, 466, 614 S. Doc. 229 49 770 INDEX. Preston, Will, Page- commissioned second lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 Price, J., elected deputy commissary-general for the army in Canada 243 Price, William, member of committee 544 Prices, States requested to adopt a temporary regulation of 153, 274, 550 furnish list of, current in 1774 305 standard of, for medical stores to be established 398 Priming, improvement in mode of, to be applied to old or new arms 588 Princeton, N. J., quartermaster's stores in, to be removed 152 Printing, respecting, of reports of heads of bureaus 31, 41 cost of public, not to exceed allotment 44 Printing office (see Government Printing Office). Prison (see Military prison). Prisoners of war (see Commissary of prisoners), respecting provisions for 275, 278, 290, 291, 299, 300, 322, 640, 641, 642, 643, 647, 648, 651 hospital for sick 391 exchange of 642, 643, 644, 645, 649, 650, 651 pay of officers and men made 645 removal of 649 Spanish, in New York 645 governor of Virginia to superintend camp for, in that State 160 may be furnished for work in lead mines 549, 641 log barracks to be provided for, in Virginia 640 captured by French fleet, how provided for 642 sailors on board captured ships considered as 640 all, of the Saratoga convention to be removed to Virginia 643 on parole to pay their own expenses 647 President to make regulations for safekeeping of 651 mentioned 280, 394, 639, 640, 642, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649 Produce (see Provisions), conditional exportation of, authorized 536, 539, 690 Professors, at the Military Academy authorized 497, 498 Projectiles, respecting experiments in high explosive 601 Promotions (see Examination; Vacancy), power of, reserved by Congress 11 in staff of the Army how made 31 , 39 transfers to the staff to be without prejudice to, in the line 30, 39, 98 to cease in the Army after June 18, 1878 42 to be by seniority 44, 81, 117, 134, 206 no new, to be made in staff corps or departments 77, 78, 112, 113, 114, 219, 224, 349, 425, 473, 475, 511, 593, 597 law forbidding, repealed 78, 115, 222, 350, 428, 513, 595 after fourteen years' service authorized 210, 506, 514, 588 in Corps of Engineers above rank of colonel forbidden 512 restriction on, in Corps of Engineers repealed 519 engineer officer to have served three years in grade before 527 Providence, R. I., mentioned 59, 571 Providence Hospital, expenditure of appropriations for, by whom controlled 425 mentioned 425 Providence Plantations, mentioned 449,535,635 Provisions, magazines of, to be inspected 87, 253 formed 242,245,250,291,310,324 respecting, for forces on Lake Champlain 239 issue of, to hospitals 267,370,376 members of Congress 269 INDEX. 771 Provisions Continued. Page. respecting of, issue of, for prisoners of war 278, 291, 640, 641, 644 the people of the Eastern States 288 exportation of, prohibited 246, 286, 289 importation of, authorized 250 (see Beef; Rice; Vegetables. ) respecting, for the Northern Army 246 various commands 248, 286, 290, 643 impressment of, authorized 268, 273, 276, 289 purchase of, authorized 280 (see Prices.) to be furnished the French squadron 287, 289 quotas of, to be furnished by the States. . 304, 306, 307, 308, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316 contracts for and purchases of, how made 328 mentioned 249, 258, 259, 260, 261, 277, 280, 281, 289, 292, 322, 371, 454 Provost-Marshal-General (see Rank; Pay), authorized 667 duties of 667,670,676,679 mentioned 668, 669 Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau, respecting continuance of the 680 Provost-marshals (see Baggage wagons; Forage), authorized 667 duties of 667, 673 disabled in line of duty entitled to pension 680 mentioned 674, 678 Property (see Public property), Publications, sale of surplus, of the Signal Office 615, 616 Public buildings and grounds (see Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds). Public library (see Washington Public Library), Public park, respecting establishment of a, in District of Columbia 524 Public property (see Superintendent of finance) , respecting returns of 176, 177, 230, 326, 354, 435, 526, 603 sale of 178 accountability for, of the Signal Corps 621 expenditures for improving, in Washington City, by whom controlled ... 511 board to examine classes and kinds of, in the Signal Service 623, 624 Public stores (see Hospital; Military; Subsistence stores), respecting removal of 147, 152, 155, 369, 376 issues of, to members of Congress 153, 157, 166, 269 payment of certificates given for purchase of 160, 177, 178, 309 waste or embezzlement of, how punished 177, 308, 383, 561 returns of, to be made 190, 326, 401 mentioned 12, 153, 212, 231, 240, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 331, 403, 492, 550, 568, 575 Public supplies (see Superintendent of finance; Commissary-general of purchases; Purveyor of public supplies), respecting necessary, to be procured 145 States to be called on to furnish their quotas of 165 respecting allowance to contractors for furnishing 191 contracts for, how made 193, 228, 331, 338, 402, 403, 571, 575 respecting returns and accounts of 199, 200, 407 proposals for 214, 217 miscellaneous issues of 220 mentioned 200, 214, 215, 216, 223, 224, 225, 339, 356, 657, 686, 687, 689 Puget Sound, mentioned ., 524 Pulaski, Casimir, mentioned 59, 451 Purcell, Henry, appointment of, as deputy judge-advocate, confirmed 124 Purchasing Department, how organized 337 mentioned 201,339,340 abolished 206 772 INDEX. Purchases (see Board of War; Board of War and Ordnance; Commissary- General of Purchases; Clothier-General), Page. respecting agents of States for making 155 discontinued in States undertaking to furnish their quotas 165, 167, 304 of wheat for forage not to be made 159, 288 how made 174, 191, 193, 196, 208, 209, 225, 228, 331, 332, 343, 344, 352, 402, 403, 406, 415, 431, 507, 508, 571, 575, 589, 599 respecting certificates given for, made 160, 177, 178, 309 returns of, to be made 178 (see Superintendent of Finance; Prices; Ordnance; Ordnance Stores. ) respecting, of patented firearms 209, 343, 507, 589 miscellaneous, in Philadelphia authorized 249 under $200 may be made in open market 230, 435, 526, 603, 624 of land by freedmen 656 mentioned 199, 200, 213, 215, 216, 223, 255, 350, 432, 590 Putnam, Israel, montioned 250, 269, 272, 545 Putnam, Rufus, appointed engineer with rank of colonel 486 appointment announced to the army 486 mentioned 483 Purveyor of public supplies, authorized 329, 402, 573 duties of 193,331,403,573,575 salary of 496, 499 mentioned 192, 331, 403 office of, abolished 335 Q. Quartermaster-General (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons), authorized 141, 156, 167, 186, 193, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 233 appointed 141,144,145,156,175,176 appointment of, announced to the army 144 to take the oath of office 141 how appointed 196,219,224 to give bonds 199 duties of 99, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 204, 206, 213, 214, 215, 217, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 232, 240, 242, 321, 387, 451, 540, 552 may be taken from the line 201 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 183, 197, 201, 205 entitled to benefits under the Yorktown capitulation 19 retained 202 President may designate an officer to act as 205 ex officio commissioner of Soldiers' Home 208, 228 vacancy in grade of, how filled 234 mentioned 90, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189, 190, 197, 198, 204, 208, 211, 224, 230, 253, 258 assistant, authorized 156, 167, 206, 218, 222, 223, 233 appointed 141,143,176 duties of 150,156,158,168,169 mentioned 176, 194 office of, abolished 182 deputy, authorized 141, 143, 151, 152, 154, 167, 176, 183, 186, 194, 199, 200, 202, 206, 218, 222, 223, 233 appointed 143,144,152,180 to take the oath of office 141, 154 duties of 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 160, 167, 180, 182, 200, 241 entitled to benefits under Yorktown capitulation 19 receiving commissions not entitled to pay or rations 162 may be taken from the line 201 retained 202 INDEX. 773 Quartermaster-General Continued. [deputy] (see Vacancies), Page. mentioned 142,149,150,151,158 assistant, authorized . 156, 199, 200 appointed 144, 147 duties of 150 may be taken from the line 201 mentioned 156, 208 Quartermaster-General's Office, divisions established in the 212, 213, 214 Quartermaster of the Army (see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 191 Quartermasters (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons), authorized 194, 204, 207, 217, 218, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233, 492 appointed 152, 153, 550 duties of 150, 153, 154, 184, 196, 202, 215, 217, 223, 568 discharge of, revoked 208 to be examined 211, 212 mentioned 154, 160 district, not to be taken from the line 201 assistant, authorized 195, 202, 204, 206, 207, 218, 222, 231, 233 how appointed 196 appointed 146 to give bonds -. 196 duties of 146, 196, 204, 223 discharge of, revoked 208 to be examined 211, 212 (see Vacancies. ) chief of division ambulance corps to be acting 422 mentioned 206 deputy, authorized 175, 176, 186, 195 how appointed 196 appointed 143, 147 to give bonds 199 duties of 150, 158, 180, 196, 450 mentioned 197, 450 Quartermaster's Department (see Board of War; Committees of Congress), respecting new arrangement of the 155, 156 how constituted 167, 186, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 232, 233 increased 206,207,208,210,231,232 inquiry to be made into conduct of officers of the 160, 163 all officers of the, to take the oath of office 175, 188 give bonds 202 respecting settlement of business of the late 183 report on operations of the 190 (see Contracts; Purchases; Vacancies.) corps of artificers attached to the 198 all appointments in the, to be made from the Army 206 duties of purchasing department devolved upon officers of the 206 promotions to rank of najor in the, how made 207 inspectors of the, how selected 207 strict inspection of the, to be made 217 no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 219 respecting appointments and promotions in the 222 detai Is f or duty i n the 233, 234 appointments to grade of captain in the, how made 233, 23-1 mentioned 152, 157, 160, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183, 184, 200, 204, 205, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233 Quarters (see Rations), officers absent exceeding six months not entitled to allowance for 32 pay of officers to be in Full of commutation of 37 may be furnished in kind 38, 40, 42, 220 when commutation of, allowed 42 storekeepers of Quartermaster's Department entitled to, in kind 208 superintendents of national cemeteries to 1h> furnished 220,226 limitation to cost of construction of 229 nurses entitled to 439 774 INDEX. Quarters Continued. Pa & e - respecting commutation of, to officers and men in arctic regions 690 claims of, for servants not allowed 684 mentioned 209,220,223,226,229,343,344 Quebec, mentioned 243 Quotas, States to be called on to furnish their, of supplies 165, 304 of States to be furnished in forage 166 provisions 306, 307 mentioned 165, 304 respecting, of men for military service 670, 672, 677, 678, 679, 680 R. Railroad, respecting, from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean 506 Ramsay, George D., mentioned 534 Randolph, Edmund, appointed deputy muster-master-general for the Southern Department. . . 632 authorized to appoint two deputies 632 Rank, of officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 53, 55, 60, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 Inspector-General's Department 87, 89, 90, 92, 96, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 Judge- Advocate-General's Department 123, 124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135 Bureau of Military Justice 131, 132 Quartermaster's Department 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 151, 152, 191, 193, 194, 196, 201 , 203, 204, 206, 207, 210, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233 Subsistence Department 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 355, 356, 357 Medical Department 416, 417, 418, 419, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429, 436, 437 Pay Department 469, 472, 473, 474, 478 Corps of Engineers 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 509, 510, 513, 526, 527, 529 Corps of Topographical Engineers 499, 502 Ordnance Department 548, 577, 578, 579, 583, 584, 586, 590, 591, 592, 594, 596, 604, 605 Signal Corps 613, 614, 616, 618, 623, 624, 625, 626 Volunteer Signal Corps 625 Department of Musters 633, 635 Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 667, 677 respecting, of hospital surgeons 366, 399 of medical officers, how arranged 413, 433 no, annexed to officers in Department of Military Stores 552 appointments on civil staff confer no, in the Army 635 mentioned 185,323,416,434,456,494,566,650 Rapalje, , mentioned 364 Rations (see Subsistence money; Subsistence stores), allowance of, to general and line officers . . 11, 20, 25, 67, 70, 240, 243, 332, 496, 681 officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 56, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74 Inspector-General's Department 90, 92, 94, 96, 104, 105, 106 Judge- Advocate-General's Department 124, 125, 126, 127, 128 Department of Stores and Supplies 248 Purchases 262, 304, 305, 317 Issues 262 Hides 298 Military Stores 551, 552, 557, 561, 562, 566, 567 INDEX. 775 Rations Continued. Page. allowance of. to officers of the Clothier's Department 248, 267, 296, 323 Quartermaster's Department. . . 146, 162, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 196, 197, 198, 199, 208, 324 Medical Department 373, 388, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 405, 406, 407, 408, 411 Pay Department 446, 447, 449, 455, 458, 459 Corps of Engineers 486, 492, 497 Ordnance Department 577, 579 Department of Musters 633 Prisoners of War 639, 650, 651 corps of artificers 164, 198 artillery artificers 550, 553 geographers 325, 494, 495 paymaster's clerks 470 superintendents of armories 575, 581 superintendent of bakers 253, 281, 318 company of bakers 281 sappers and miners 504 topographical engineer soldiers 509 master armorers 575, 581 hospital stewards 411 wagon masters. 188, 197, 324 conductors 189, 324 forage masters 197, 206, 224, 324 artificers of Quartermaster's Department 324 engineers 497 wagoners 161 , 163 matrons 332, 423, 431, 689 nurses 332,417,431,439,689 employees of Department of Stores and Supplies 244, 245 Ordnance Department 549, 577, 581 established 240, 241, 242, 285, 295, 305, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 344, 345, 346, 351, 688, 689 President authorized to make alterations in 338 commutation price of 11, 14, 18, 26, 31, 35, 242, 261, 333, 450, 451 (seeRim; Coffee; Sugar; Peppeb), no officer to draw more than one 14 compensation allowed for neglect to draw 21 officers' servants entitled to 17, 25, 28 one extra, allowed for every regimental coat turned 22 additional, for every five years' service 29, 36, 412 back, not allowed 30 to disabled officers when retired 32 officers in the field permitted to purchase 35, 39 increased commutation of, when not allowed 36 pay of officers to be in full of longevity 37 respecting purchase of, on credit 35, 41 , 687 half a, allowed for cutting wood for hospitals 190 of soap may be increased 265 cost of each part of a, to be computed 277 commanders of armies to determine, to be issued 288 of flour reduced 300 officers to be furnished two, per day 311 not to draw, on public account 322 respecting contracts made for supplying 327, 328 to troops on the frontiers augmented 329, 330, 352 officers' servants not soldiers ^ 333 detachments of seamen and marines 337 various issues of, authorized 341, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356 payment of commutation of, to prisoners ot war 348 vegetables added to the 354 respecting, for released prisoners of war 642, 644 prisoners of war 643, 645 mentioned 17, 19, 20, 21, 56, 58, 98, 184, 227, 245, 249, 252, 260, 261 , 272, 287, 296, 306, 311, 322, 323, 324, 325, 382, 397, 398, 405, 455, 471,47.. V W, 601, 634, 640 Rawhides (ee Commissary of hides), respecting manufacture of shoes from 270, 274 776 INDEX. Reading, Pa., Page. respecting escape of prisoners of war from 650 Rebellion (see Badges; Uniform), modified oath for those who participated in late 682 Confederate officers not eligible to appointment in the Army 683 Recruiting agents, respecting, in the Southern States 677, 680 Recruits, not subject to draft, how credited 680 Red coats, officers forbidden to wear 19 Reed, George, member of committee 540 mentioned 160 Reed, Joseph, elected adjutant-general 55 appointment announced 55 mentioned 3, 51 Reed, Thomas, appointed assistant paymaster-general 449 elected deputy paymaster-general at Albany 453 mentioned 453 Reed, William, elected hospital physician 394 Reedy Island, Pa., respecting dike between, and Sistons Point 526 Refugees (see Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen), respecting issue of provisions and fuel to 655 medical stores, etc., to 657 lands set apart for use of 656 Regimental surgeons, respecting, and mates absent without leave 372 mentioned 373 Regiments (see Uniform), commanders of, not to muster their own commands 98 to report health of their troops 369 members of, to receive an extra ration for every coat turned 22 respecting colors of 143 transportation of tents of 187 surgeons of volunteer 413 not belonging to any State line 395 to send officers to buy arms 538, 539 respecting requisitions for arms, etc., for 568 mentioned 391,456,559 Register (see Army Register). Regnier, , appointed subinspector 94 assigned to Generals Clinton's and Stark's brigades 94 Regulations (see General Regulations), for the exercise of the troops 90, 92, 96 muster and inspection 96 to be approved by Congress 99 commissary and clothier's departments 286 department of hides .' 285, 297 military stores 552 Quartermaster's Department 155, 157, 186 Corps of Engineers 490 Ordnance Department 581, 597 corps of wagoners 161, 162, 451, 635 government of hospitals 404, 405 issue of artificial limbs 425 relative to prisoners of war 651 mentioned 91,93,677 Remick, Timothy, to do duty of inspector 100 Rent, of buildings in Virginia and at Philadelphia and West Point 571 land set apart for refugees and freedmen 656 INDEX. 777 Repairs, Page. to old Ford's Theater 525 house in which Mr. Lincoln died 528 Reports, by officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 55 department of purchases and issues 245 clothier's department 326 Quartermaster's Department 143 Hospital Department ". 368 Ordnance Department 578, 580, 596 department of musters 632 Signal Office 614, 616 Bureau of Freedmen and Refugees 656 colonels of regiments 369 on condition of the branches of the War Department 190, 327, 328, 457, 569, 570, 571 mentioned 451 , 675, 676 Resignation, officers leaving their post prior to acceptance of, deemed deserters 32, 33 Resistance, to draft, how punished 673 Resolves of Congress, repealed 20, 65, 96, 127, 162, 184, 186, 318, 321, 323, 379, 397, 455, 566, 567 in part 64, 102, 183, 389, 567 relative to the government of the Army to be compiled 14 Hospital Department to be revised 382 mentioned 381, 382, 397, 451, 455, 565 Retired list (see Pay; Rations; Uniform), officers may be placed on the, after 30 years' service 37, 39 40 years' service 32, 39 45 years' service 34, 39 on reaching the age of 64 42 paymasters may be placed on the, after 20 years' service 476 officers on the, may be assigned to certain duties 32 entitled to longevity rations 36 not to be assigned to duty 36 eligible for duty at the Soldiers' Home 37, 40 disabled for active service to be placed on the 32, 39 by wounds to be placed on the, with highest rank 35 to be placed on the, with actual rank 38 on the, withdrawn from promotion 32, 39 may be employed in time of war 45 eligible to Territorial offices 685 respecting officers on the, who had served as chiefs of staff corps 47, 82, 118, 136, 234, 358, 479, 606, 627 by the Secretary of War 184,326,401 officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 55, 57 Inspector-General's Department 102 department of stores and supplies 245, 246, 249 purchases 260, 284, 303, 305, 309, 312, 336 issues 200,303 military stores 568, 569 hides 270, 821 clothiers' department 247, 299, 322, 326 Hospital Department 806,811,868, 369, 372, 373, 378, 382, 385, 386, 388, 390, 396, 397, 399, 101 Pay Department 446 Quartermaster's Department 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 161, 165, 169, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 183, 188, 190, 200, 318 Ordnance Department 577, 578, 580 department of musters 632, 633 prisoners of war 639, 642, 645, 647 respecting uniformity of, under contracts .... 410, i:iL', r.oi). :.l 7, 590, r><)7, 086, 687 States to make, of purchases for the United States 167 by line officers receiving camp and garrison equipage 204 mentioned 58, 1 96, 230, 257, 258, 259, 354, 435, 491, 492, 526, 651, 563, 565, 568, 603, 634, 686, 687 778 INDEX. Reviews, Page. how conducted 88, 100, 101 Revised Statutes, provision of section 355 of the, waived 232 section 229 abolished 230 1144 mentioned 622 1194 repealed 474 1206 and 1207 mentioned 623 1218 amended 685 1348 amended 115 1756 repealed 685 1860 amended 685 Revolutionary war {see Badges). Reward, for best covering for huts 154 rawhide substitute for shoes 274 Rhode Island, uniform of the line 15 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 306, 312 how paid for 307,312 when deliverable 307, 314 requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 mentioned 58,154,164,278,449,635 Rice, importation of, authorized 250 quota of South Carolina to be furnished in 307 how paid for 307 Rice, Nathan, appointed inspector 95 Richardson, James, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Richardson, William, mentioned 264, 634 Rickman, William, elected director of hospital in Virginia 365 mentioned 375, 376, 391 Rifles, to be procured : . . 546, 547 respecting adoption of new 602, 603 Ripley, James W., mentioned 534 Risberg, Gustavus, appointed assistant to Deputy Quartermaster-General Biddle 144 RlTTENHOUSE, , mentioned 485 Rivers, respecting surveys of, and harbors 519, 522 Roads {see Cumberland road; National road), respecting surveys, etc., upon the subject of 500 to be cut in Florida 501 contracted in Arkansas 501 ROBERDEAU, DANIEL, member of committee 253 ROBERDEAU ISAAC, mentioned 484 Robinson, mentioned 65 Robinson, Caleb, to do the duty of inspector 100 Rochefontaine, Stephen, mentioned 483 Rochester, William B., mentioned 443 Rock Island, III., an arsenal established at 591 INDEX. 779 Rock Island Arsenal, Page. mentioned 524 Rodney, Cesar, member of committee 239, 536 Roe, James, appointed deputy commissary -general of purchases 265 Roe, Jesse, commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549 Rogers, John, member of committee 538 Rolls (see Pay; Muster rolls). Root, Jesse, mentioned 102, 163, 298 Rosekrans, James, to do the duty of brigade inspector 96 Ross, , mentioned 63 Ross, George, member of committee 247, 249 mentioned 146, 250 Rubsamen, Jacob, mentioned 566 Rucker, Daniel H., mentioned 140 Ruddock, John, appointment of, as deputy commissary of military stores, confirmed 568 Rudolph, Michael, mentioned 51 , 85 Ruggles, George B., mentioned 52 Rules and Articles op War (see Articles of War). Rum, issue of, to troops in battle of Brandy wine 268 to be procured 278 for distribution to the people of New York 300 quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 307, 312, 313 how paid for 307 when deliverable 314, 315 regulating issue of, to the Army 310 mentioned 333 Rumsey, Benjamin, member of committee t 255 Rush, Benjamin, member of committee 246, 367 elected surgeon-general of hospital in middle department 373 physician-general of hospital in middle department 375 resignation accepted 376 mentioned 361,366,375,378 Rutgers, Jr., Henry, appointed deputy commissary-general of musters 635 Rutledge, Edward, member of committee 540 Ryan, Michael, to do duty as brigade major 58 relieved from temporary duty as iuljiitant-general 58 appointed brigade inspector 89 S. Sabine Lake, channel through, to be reexamined 528 Sackett, Delos B., mentioned 86 Sacramento River, Cal., relative to improvement of the 626 780 INDEX. Saddle horses, Page. number of, allowed general and line officers 187, 188, 189, 494 officers of the Adjutant-General's Department. . 65, 188, 189 Inspector-General's Department. 102, 188, 189 Quartermaster's Department 174, 188, 189 department of purchases 317 military stores. . . 188, 567, 568 prisoners 188,189 hospital department 189, 399, 400 judge-advocates 127, 188, 189 deputy paymaster 188, 456 geographers 189, 495 provost-marshal 188 captain of engineers 188, 494 mentioned 90, 103 Saddlers, attached to division ambulance corps 422 St. Augustine, Fla., respecting improvement of harbor at 522 St. Clair, Arthur, mentioned 20, 51, 56, 57, 100 St. Francis River, Ark., mentioned 501 St. Louis, Mo., quartermaster depot at, mentioned 217 arsenal to be erected at or near 582 proposed ice harbor at 519 bridge to, over Mississippi River 526 St. Martin, , appointed engineer with rank of lieutenant-colonel 486 Sale, unauthorized, of public stores, how punished 150, 177, 308, 383, 561 respecting, of articles of clothing 142, 221, 241 goods taken from Philadelphia 161, 293 horses unfit for service 172 buildings and other property 178 dragoon horses 190 public property no longer needed 190, 326, 400, 568 unserviceable stores 204, 260, 339, 340, 410, 582, 593 woolen goods to soldiers 240 subsistence supplies to officers and men 354, 685, 687 articles kept by Subsistence Department 35, 349, 351, 684 smooth-bore guns for experimental purposes 601 surplus signal maps, etc 615, 616 certain property of bureau of refugees, etc 662 of certain stores stopped 569 mentioned 505, 587 Salisbury, Conn., respecting furnace at 543, 544, 549 Salt, respecting manufacture of 239, 252, 262 importation of, authorized 243, 261, 271, 278 exportation of, prohibited 251 to be provided ". 254,260,275 quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 307, 312, 313 how paid for 307, 312, 313 when deliverable 314, 315 mentioned 262, 272, 275 Saltpeter, colonies requested to collect 535 respecting manufacture of 535, 537, 538, 539, 540, 566 importation of, authorized 536, 690 purchase of, authorized 538 exportation of, prohibited -. 573 mentioned 540,690 San Monica Bay, Cal., respecting a deep-water harbor on 525 INDEX. 781 San Pedro Bay, Cal., Page, relative to proposed deep-water harbor on 525 Sappers and miners (see Pay; Rations), authorized 489, 498, 503 uniform of corps of 18, 21 corps of, how organized 492 respecting tools, implements, etc., for 504 mentioned 490,493,495,504,505 Saratoga convention (see Prisoners op war). Sargent, Wintrop, mentioned 51, 85 Sauerkraut, contracts to be made for supplies of 265 Sawtelle, Charles G., mentioned 140 Scammell, Alexander, to continue to do duty as brigade major 53 appointed temporary assistant to the adjutant-general 56 elected adjutant-general 59 mentioned 51, 62, 100, 395 School of instruction, respecting, at Fort Myer, Va 620 School buildings, respecting sale of, under Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 662 Schreiber, Jacob, permitted to return to Europe 493 Schuyler, Peter, appointment of, to take charge of the arms, confirmed 539 Schuyler, Philip, member of committee 17, 535 to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Northern army if General Gates had not done so 58 to appoint a deputy judge-advocate if General Gates had not done so 124 mentioned. . . . 17, 53, 54, 142, 143, 240, 241, 242, 248, 252, 364, 537, 539, 543, 545, 632 Scott, , to do the duty of division inspector 95 mentioned 95, 100 Scott, Charles, mentioned 55, 57, 89 Scott, Joseph, appointed brigade major 59 Scott, Moses, appointed hospital physician and surgeon ." 389 resignation accepted 390 mentioned 395 Scott, William, appointed brigade major 62 Scudder, Nathaniel, member of committee 283, 291 mentioned 159, 163, 298 Scull, Petek, appointed brigade major 54 Sea coast, respecting notice on the, of approach of storms 614 Seamen, respecting enlistment of certain, prisoners of war 642 drafted, may enlist in the naval service 671, 672 respecting issue of rations to detachments of 337 Ska hi. I-:, .1 \mks member of committee 291 Sears, Peter, commissioned second lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Secretaries (nee Pay) , allowed to Ins|H'ctor-(ieneral of main Army 96, 100, 107 Secretary of War, to inquire into delays in forwarding supplies 185,324 make return to Congress of oflirers in Quartermaster's Department 184 782 INDEX. Secretary of War Continued. Page. to transmit to States a list of their officers 23 issue warrants for pay and rations 20, 455 brevet commissions to specified class of officers 23 examine all estimates and returns 20 provide guards for safe conveyance of money, etc 184 prescribe kinds and amounts of supplies to be purchased 200 control all transportation 210 direct building and management of barracks, magazines, etc 184, 565 distribution of clothing 323 cause returns to be made of all stores and property 326, 401, 569 appoint a commissary of military stores subject to his orders 567 stop the sale of certain stores 569 submit returns of ordnance and ordnance stores 569 take direction and care of prisoners of war 649, 650 mentioned 21, 66, 188, 190, 191, 323, 324, 396, 398, 401, 455, 456, 489, 495, 566, 568, 570, 650, 651 Secret committee (see Committees of Congress), to provide equipage for 3,000 horse * 147 deliver linen in their hands fit for tents 148 import certain enumerated goods and stores 243 cargoes of salt 243 stop exportation of salted provisions from New York 245 devise means of procuring deerskins 246 appoint trusty persons to purchase clothing 250 deliver part of cargo of the Mercury to the clothier-general 252 furnish clothier-general copies of invoices of all imported clothing, etc. 253 enable agents in Europe and the West Indies to effect importation of salt. 261 contract for converting flour into biscuits 264 import medical instruments and supplies 365 forward medical supplies, etc. , to points indicated 365 contract for importation of military stores 536, 537, 538 export produce for importation of arms 537, 539 deliver saltpeter to be manufactured into gunpowder 540 powder to prove cannon 540 of secret correspondence, to apply for the use of one or more of the Conti- nental fleet 540 to furnish powder to cannon committee 543 deliver all arms, etc. , in their care to the board of war 543 distribute cargo of flints 543 procure brass artillery 544 arms for 3,000 horse 544 reports of T 1 46, 543 Seeds, respecting, for regimental gardens 326 Seely, T., appointed brigade-major 60 Selman, , to do the duty of brigade-major 62 mentioned 62 Sknter, Isaac, mentioned 366 Sentries,- watch coats to be purchased for use of 142 Sergeant, Jonathan, member of committee 540 Sergeant, Jonathan D., mentioned 124 Sergeant, Samuel, commissioned superintendent of public works at Carlisle 549 pay of 549 Sergeants, master workmen to be designated as 590, 596 two signal, to be commissioned each year 617, 619 Servants (see Waiters), allowances to enlisted youths retained as 17 not to be furnished from the line without authority 20 *An old technical term meaning a body of cavalry. In this sense the word "horse" isin the singular. INDEX. 783 Servants Continued. Page, respecting employment of and allowances for. . 27, 28, 34, 36, 64, 126, 127, 567, 650 officers absent exceeding six months not to receive allowances for. 32 claims for quarters for, not allowed 684 mentioned 37, 317, 325, 400, 495, 562, 682 Services. contracts for, how made 208, 209, 343, 344, 415, 507, 508, 589 Service, length of, how computed 36, 438 8k WALL, , to do duty of brigade inspector 99 Shallops, impressment of, authorized 270 Shaw, Samuel, appointed brigade-major 57 Sheepskins, to whom deliverable 311, 322, 562, 565 Shells, contracts for, to be made 540, 554, 560 Sherman, Roger, mentioned 142, 241, 253, 254 Shetfall, Mordecai, appointed, provisionally, deputy commissary-general of issues 291 Ship canal, near Isthmus of Darien 506 to connect certain lakes with Puget Sound 524 Shippen, William, Jr., elected physician for the flying camp 366 to superintend an army hospital in New Jersey 368 elected director-general of all the hospitals 373 director-general 389 mentioned 361 , 362, 367, 368, 375, 383, 390 Ships (see Vessels), duties of masters of, taking prisoners 646 mentioned 146, 240, 248, 286, 537, 541 , 543, 555 Shiras, Alexander E., mentioned 238 Shirts (see Linen), respecting distribution of small supply of 125, 304, 382, 446, 447, 491, 635, 636 delivery of two, per man to be shortly made 325 on hand to be drawn for by lot 325 linen for, to be imported 263 States requested to procure materials for 263 supplies of 275 mentioned 263, 285, 326, 376 Shoes, to be inspected 142 exchange of rawhides for, authorized 263 reward for best rawhide substitutes for 274 leather and deerskins to be purchased for making 274 to be procured 285 States requested to procure supplies of 275 not to be worn in powder magazines 567 mentioned 153, 285, 376 Shot, contracts for, to l>e made 554, 560 Sick, respecting transportation for the removal of the 179 blankets, etc. , for the, in hospitals 273 care and accommodation for the 369 relief of the, before removal to hospitals 380 number of, in hospitals to be reported 368, 390 respecting relief of the transient 390 ambulances for the removal of the 421 mentioned 422 Signal Bureau, not to duplicate work of other bureaus - . . . 618 784 INDEX. Signal Cokps (see Volunteer Signal Corps; Vacancies), Page. how organized 613, 623, 626 enlisted strength of the 613, 615, 617, 618, 620, 621, 622, 623, 625 officers and men of the, how selected 614 may purchase subsistence stores 622 enlisted men of the, may be mounted 616 held responsible for public property * 621 two sergeants of the, to be commissioned each year 617, 619 respecting details of line officers for duty in the 618, 619, 620, 321, 622 civilian duties of the, transferred to Weather Bureau. 622 appointments and promotions in the, how made 623 appropriations for the, how made 623 board to examine classes and kinds of property of the 623 in time of war enlisted strength of the, to be increased 625 ten volunteer subalterns to be appointed in the 626 mentioned 624, 626 Signal flags, by whom furnished 186 Signal officers (see Vacancies), authorized 613 how selected 614 to be examined 613 engineer officers may be detailed as 614, 616 respecting detail of line officers for duty as 618, 619, 620, 621, 622 may be assigned to staff of Army corps 625 after civil war to be restored to respective commands 614 mentioned 624, 626 Signals, respecting, for benefit of agriculture and commerce 614, 616 of approach of storms on the lakes and seaeoast 614, 616 Signal Service, respecting enlistments in the 615 details of engineer officers and men for the 614, 616 appropriations for the 620 commutation of quarters for members of the, in arctic regions . 690 commission to consider present organization of the 619 Signatures (see Autograph signatures). Simms, , to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania 380 Sioux City, Iowa, respecting improvement of the Missouri River to 528 Skinner, Abraham, elected commissary-general of prisoners 648 mentioned 637 Slaves, respecting, drafted or enlisted 675, 676 Smith, , appointed inspector 95 Smith, , mentioned 145 Smith, Campbell, mentioned 121 Smith, Daniel, appointed assistant deputy purveyor 395 Smith, John K., appointed brigade-major 60 inspector 89 continued in the office of brigade-major 66 Smith, Johnson, commissioned contractor for public works at Carlisle, Pa 549 Smith, Mathew, appointed deputy adjutant-general 59 Smith, Jonathan B., elected deputy mustermaster-general for the flying camp 632 mentioned 254,632 Smith, Meriwether, member of committee 14, 15 INDEX. 785 Smith, William, Pagt. continued as subinspector 99 Smith, William, member of committee 253 Smith, William, mentioned 443 Smith, William, elected druggist 367 Smith, William S., appointed commissary of prisoners 651 Smyth, Alexander, mentioned 86 Soap, exportation of, forbidden 251 ration of, may be increased 265 contracts to be made for supplies of 265 Societies (see Military societies). Soldieks' Home, retired officers eligible for duty at the 37 board of commissioners of the, how composed 75, 78, 79, 133, 208, 228, 343, 352, 353, 414, 432, 433, 470 respecting inspections of the 114 medical supplies to be sold to the, at cost 436 Booth, respecting issues of provisions to destitute persons in the 661 South Carolina, uniform of the, line 15 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 307 when deliverable 307 purchase of leather in, authorized 300 requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 mentioned 124, 291, 382, 394, 395, 451, 452, 558, 571, 632, 635, 648 Southern Army, respecting appointment of staff officers for the 17, 103, 127, 183, 186, 317, 392, 394, 455, 493, 567, 644, 650 magazines of forage to be provided for the . . .' 179 tents and wagons for the, to be furnished 180 corps of pioneers to be raised for the _. 184 respecting delays in sending supplies to the 185, 324 clothing, camp equipage, etc. , to be furnished the 318 to be provided with arms, powder, etc 563 respecting artificers with the 563 i < miiiiander of, authorized to make exchanges 644 mentioned 175, 180, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 392, 455 Southern Department, respecting appointment of staff officers 54, 61, 62, 143, 159, 370, 395, 485, 631 Peruvian bark to be sent to the 365, :;t>7 t n-panning instruments to be sent to the 306 respecting hospitals in the 389 an inspector of contracts to be appointed for the 398 mentioned 448, 491 BOUTHBJUI States, a magazine of ammunition to be formed in the ">45 respecting recruiting agents in certain <>77 Si- wish-American war, mentioned 48, 438, 686 Si-AxisH renowns, respecting provi si on for the, In New York 645 Sl'KNSKK, JoSEI'H, Congress confirmed his appointment d William Peck as deputy adjutant- general mentioned 53, 55, 56 Si-inker, Oliver, to superintend hospitals in Jersey 888 mentioned 390, 493 S. Doc. 229 50 786 INDEX. Spirits, Page, respecting allowance of coffee and sugar in lieu of 341 Spoons, to be supplied to the soldiers 687 Spouts (see Leaden spouts). Springfield, Mass., magazine and laboratory to be erected in 547 mentioned 560, 565, 570, 571, 572 Springfield Armory. mentioned 581, 584, 585, 592 Sprogle, Lodowig, authorized to muster the Pennsylvania militia 635 Sprout, appointed brigade inspector 89 subinspector 94 Stables, for horses of members of Congress 156 number of horses in the public, to be reported ] 47 Stadler, John, elected engineer for Southern Department 485 Staff (see Volunteer staff; Subsistence money), appointment on the civil, confers no rank in the Army 14, 635 respecting appointment, on the conferring rank equal to that held in the line 30 may be taken from the line or from citizens 28 servants allowed to the general and military 20 respecting transfers to the, from the line 26, 39, 73 powers and duties of the general, to be defined 27 promotions in the, how made 31, 39 of corps, divisions and brigades, how constituted 79, 116, 134,231,436,526,604,625 brigadier assigned to main army to act as chief of 109 warrant officers on the civil, liable to arrest and trial 161, 293, 380, 490, 558 mentioned 28, 110, 613 Staff departments (see Vacancies), inquiry to be made into expenses of the 17 enlisted men in the, entitled to benefit of pension laws 208, 342, 413, 504, 568 respecting infantry subalterns appointed in the 185, 323, 455, 494, 566, 650 mentioned 21 , 175 Staff officers, appointed from the line to revert to it on promotion 14 not to draw more than one ration a day 14 supernumerary, may be d ischarged 1 4, 17 form of commission for 14 to receive one additional ration for every five years' service 29, 412 unnecessary, to be furloughed 23 to be citizens 70, 108, 195, 407 entitled to clothing if they engage for one year or more 380 mentioned '. 13, 68, 70, 106, 108, 195, 304, 403, 407, 459 Stagg, John, appointed brigade-major pro tempore 59 mentioned 60, 85, 103 Stamps, special, for official business .-. 38 Stanton, Thomas H., mentioned 443 Stark, John, mentioned 56, 94, 95, 100 Staten Island, N. Y. H., improvement of channel )>etween, and New Jersey 518 State prison, respecting erection of Symsbury mines into a 649 State, War, and Navy building, respecting construction of the 513 superintendent of the, authorized 519 States, authorized to suspend staff officers not appointed by Congress 13 INDEX. 787 States Continued. Page. requested to make up deficiency of subsistence money 14 additional pay 22 respecting compensation 1 >y the, in lieu of half pay 23 to be notified of detail of volunteers on ambulance duty 76 requested to grant writs on application of judge-advocate 125 compel the furnishing of supplies 145 afford assistance in procuring tent cloth 147 forage 159 clothing, etc 251,275,277,299 enforce a temporary regulation of prices 153, 274, 550 exempt certain persons from militia duty 163, 283 inquire into conduct of persons in public service 163, 297 furnish their quota of supplies 165, 304 make provision for pasturing horses 175 furnish forage 180 cause assessment of blankets to be made 252 procure homemade linen 263 take measures against engrossers and others 273, 275, 276, 289 , aid in enforcing embargo 286 furnish list of prices current in 1774 305 report names of their purchasing agents 317 appoint examining medical boards 368 inspectors of powder 542 persons to manufacture accouterments 553, 554 collect arms from persons not in service 545, 546 make no exchanges of prisoners 645 quotas of, to be furnished in forage 166, 167 provisions 306, 307, 312, 313, 314, 315 respecting persons in the, who have failed to take the oath of office. 154, 279, 377 appointment of deputy quartermasters in the several 167 stands of arms to be provided for sale to the 574 relief to destitute persons in the Southern and Southwestern 660 respecting recruiting agents in the Southern 677, 680 mentioned 19, 126, 165, 169, 188, 247, 251, 262, 273, 288, 293, 294, 296, 299, 301, 304, 370, 394, 395, 544, 545, 547, 551, 639, 640, 646 Steel, to be purchased 545 respecting manufacture of 550 regulates price of oil-tempered and annealed 604 conduct of experiments in testing 513 Steel <;ins, contract for, authorized 602 STEEL-WIRE 8EACOAST (ilNS, material for, may l>e purchased 604 Sternberg, George M., mentioned 362 Steiben, Frederick W. A., appointed inspector-general 89 appointment announced to the Army 90 to be furnished two good horses for his use 90 continued inspector-general of the armies of the United States 99, 102 granted additional pay 102 in accepting resignation of, Congress tendered him their thanks and voted him a sword 103 mentioned 93, 94, 100, 490 Stevenson, , to superintend the hospitals in Jersey 380 Stewart, Archibald, elected deputy commissary -general of issues 265 resigned 266 Stewart, Charles, elected commissary-general of issues 263 mentioned 238,316 Stewart, Walter, appointed ins|>ector for the Northern Army 103 Stii.es, Kecuen, pay and rations allowed to, as magazine k'-|KM- 244 788 INDEX. Stirling, Lord, Page, mentioned 55, 60, 90 Stock, States requested to authorize seizure of live 276 superintendent of live, authorized 317 Stockings, importation of 252 States requested to procure supplies of 275 to be purchased 142 respecting, for the sick and wounded in hospitals 376 mentioned 285 Stockton, Richard, member of committee 246, 247, 367 Stone, Thomas, member of committee 247 Storehouses, respecting impressment of 270 Storekeepers (see Military; Medical; Ordnance storekeepers), authorized 167,186,363,364,370,387 appointed 142, 143 duties of 317, 318 pay of certain 244 post quartermaster-sergeants to perform the duties of 229 mentioned 571 Stores (see Public stores). Storey, John, respecting pay and rations of 183 to settle business of the late Quartermaster-General's Department 183 appointed to take charge of all intrenching tools 157 Storms, respecting notice of approach of 614, 616 Storrow, Samuel H., mentioned 1 21 Strape, Henry, commissioned lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 554 Straw, to be provided for the troops 145, 153, 154 two bundles of, per tent to be issued 186 Streets, cost of improving certain, in Washington City, by whom paid 510 Stringer, Samuel, appointed director of hospital and chief physician and surgeon 364 director and physician of hospital in Northern Department 367 mentioned 240, 361, 364, 366, 367, 369 Stroup, Henry, resignation accepted 562 Sturgeon Bay, mentioned 520 Subsistence, certain accounts of, how signed 22, 325 abstracts of, to whom sent 325 respecting contracts for 209, 339, 343, 344, 415, 416, 589, 590 for prisoners of war 642, 643 Subsistence Department (see Vacancies; Contracts; Purchases), how constituted '338, 348, 349, 350, 356, 357 increased 341 , 342, 344, 345 respecting sales by, to officers and men 35, 349, 351, 354, 684 no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 349 appointments in the, how made 355 appropriations for the, to constitute one fund 357 respecting details for duty in the 357, 358 mentioned 348, 350, 351 , 354 Subsistence money, allowance of, to officers 14, 15, 20, 21, 164, 325, 380, 381, 382, 453, 559, 566 enlisted men 15,164,381,453 mentioned 19 Subsistence stores, respecting claims for, furnished 347 to be provided for an army of 3,000 men for six months 242 respecting capture of vessels laden with 240, 241 INDEX. 789 Sf BSTITUTES, Page. drafted men may furnish 669, 671 to receive same pay as drafted men 670 who may be accepted as 671, 680 mentioned 675, 678, 679 Suffering, no one to be deemed, who is able to find work 657 Sugar, respecting distribution of, to the people of New York 300 ratio of, to every 100 rations 341, 343, 351 ration of, may be commuted 345, 351 Sullivan, John, mentioned 99 Sri. i. ivax, Thomas C, mentioned 238 Sulphur, colonies requested to collect 535 respecting importation of 536, 537, 550, 690 manufacture of 540 removal of the, in New York City 690 exportation of, prohibited 573 Superintendent-General of military supplies (see Purveyor op public supplies), to prescribe forms of returns and accounts 199, 336, 578 Superintendent of artificers, authorized; how appointed; duties of 198 SlI'KRINTENDENT OF FINANCE, authorized to make removals 181, 319, 393, 492, 563 to procure or contract for all supplies 183, 321, 322, 394, 564 appoint inspectors of contracts 185, 323, 398, 566 report cause of delays in forwarding supplies 185, 324 ascertain value of ration 454 establish magazines at Fort Pitt 324 provide for safe-keeping, etc. , of prisoners of war 649 mentioned 566, 569 SUPERINTENDENT OF MILITARY STORES, duties of 577 SUPERINTENDENT (see MILITARY ACADEMY; NATIONAL CEMETERIES), of bakers appointed 253 pay of 318 magazines of provisions authorized 280 cattle mentioned 305 live stock authorized 317 appointments of line officers as, of hospitals. . 380, 381, 382, 383, 390, 394, 395, 400 of arms and military aceouterments appointed 554 armories authorized 572 respecting a, of a brass cannon foundry 553 office of, at certain armories abolished 585 of manufacture of iron cannon authorized 586, 586 respecting civilian, of armories 587, 588, 590 authorized for the State, War, and Navy Building 519 Superior, Wis.. respecting harbor of 528 Supplies (nee Public supplies). Si i:<,i;c in-General (see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 371,410,423,427,429,437 appointed 373,374,375,378 how appointed 417, 424, 430 duties of 371, 374, 417, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 432, 435, 436, 438 letters, etc., to and from, free of postage 412 ex officio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 432, 433 Surgeons (see Hospital physicians; Hospital burgeons; Medical Depart- m knt) , respecting issue of small supply of shirts and linen to 304 , 182 authorized in each district to superintend hospitals ".71 a senior, appointed in the flying hospital 382, 388 appointed to regiment of invalids 390 respecting promotion of regimental 395, 397 number of post, established 410 two, to be discharged 412 790 INDEX. Surgeons Continued. Page. discharge of two, revoked 413 each brigade to have one 416 to be detailed to the military prison 427 number of assistant, reduced 428, 435 {See Contract surgeons; Vacancies. ) respecting appointment of, and assistant surgeons 411, 429 assistant, to be examined prior to promotion as captain 434 respecting, on boards of enrollment 669, 670, 675, 676, 680 detail of, for examination of drafted men 673 garrison, to be considered as post surgeons 689 mentioned 381,398,399 Surgeons' mates {see Pay; Rations; Clothing; Forage; Land), mav be appointed to regiment of invalids 390 additional, authorized 401, 406 to be attached to garrisons and posts 406 mentioned 689 Surgical instruments {see Trepanning instruments), importation of, authorized 365 returns of, to be made 369 to be furnished every prescribing surgeon or physician 399 Surveyor of ordnance, authorized; how appointed; duties of 558 additional pay to 562 Surveyor of roads {see Geographers). Surveyors, military, to share in small supply of shirts and linen 304 Surveys, respecting, of Chesapeake Bay 500 for roads and canals 500 of the coast of the United States i 503, 518 preliminary 805, 517 for railroad to the Pacific Ocean 506 ship canal near Isthmus of Darien 506 of Mississippi River 513, 526 Western and Northwestern rivers 518, 528 rivers and harbors 519, 521, 522 for a national road to Mount Vernon, Va 523 ship canal to connect certain lakes 524 canal routes from Lake Erie to Ohio River 526 deep waterways from the Great Lakes to the ocean 526 mentioned '. 516 Sutherland, Charles, mentioned .">62 Swaim, David G., mentioned 121 Swain, Francis, appointed brigade major 58 mentioned 59 Swan, Caleb, mentioned 443 Swartwout, Robert, mentioned 140 Sweers, Cornelius, commissioned assistant commissary of military stores at Philadelphia 550 mentioned 555 Sweiney, James, commissioned second lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 Swift, Joseph G., mentioned 483 Swords, Pennsylvania to cause search for, in Philadelphia 548 Symsbury mines, respecting erection of the, into a State prison 649 System, respecting, for rifles 603 of easy maneuvers and exercises s - 1 regulations for the infantry 93 INDEX. 791 T. Tactics, Page. system of, mentioned 93 Tailors, employment of, authorized 250 Talcott, George, mentioned 534 Ta llow, to be rendered 249, 261 exportation of, forbidden 251 to whom delivered 261, 291 of cattle delivered on foot, how credited 307 Talmadge, Benjamin, to act as brigade major 56 appointed brigade major 56 Tarling, Peter, appointed brigade major 58 Taulman, Peter, appointed captain lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners 493 Tax, States requested to lay a, partially payable in provisions 312 Taylor, Andrew, to do duty as brigade major 55 Taylor, John, appointed judge-advocate 123 Taylor, Joseph P., mentioned 238 Teams (see Horse teams; Ox teams), respecting reduction of the stationary 158 States requested to exempt drivers of, from militia duty 163 how obtained 260, 552 Telegraphic dispatches, respecting private, on Government lines 617 Tklegraph lines, respecting construction of 615, 616 Tennessee, respecting recruiting agents in 677, 680 Texts, allowance of, to inspectors 99 the troops 162, 163 respecting receipt and care of 142 to be provided 145, 154 respecting canvas for 146, 147, 148, 179, 181, 182, 253 to be furnished the Southern army 180 returns of, to be made 326 mentioned 155, 180, 186, 187 Tkknaxt, John, attached on the march, to General de La Fayette's division (50, 90 appointed to act as subinspector 89 lieutenant-colonel and to perform the duties of inspector 92 inspector for the Southern army 103 mentioned 92, 179 Territories cost of ordnance and stores issued to, how credited 602 only retired officers eligible to. civil officers in the 685 Testing machine, respecting use of, for private citizens 600 Tatrs, respecting, of heavy rihed ordnance 593, 600 for private citizens 600 to be made of resistance of best stone forts to heaviest guns 511 Ti:\ 18, Safe, deep harbor on coast of, to be inspected 525 Thanks of Congress, tendered to General Mifflin and Colonel Pickering 17 Thomas, Job*. mentioned 53, 54 Thomas, Joseph. pay and rations allowed to 245 792 INDEX. Thomas, Lorenzo, Page, mentioned 52 Thornburg, Joseph, appointed wagon-master-general 152 to have the rank of lieutenant-colonel 152 TlCONDEROGA, X. Y., mentioned 147 Tilghman, Edward, appointed assistant brigade major 55 Tilton, James, elected hospital physician and surgeon 1 389 accepted commutation in lieu of half pay ^ 401 mentioned 362 Tin, carti'idge canisters may be furnished in lieu of cartouch boxes 554 Tobacco, issue of, to enlisted men 35 Tobacco warehouses, floors of, to be worked for saltpeter 538 Topographical Bureau, charged with making preliminary surveys 505 officer of the, charged with construction of custom-house at New Orleans, entitled to extra compensation 505 boards of officers of the 505 duties of, relative to certain light-houses 505, 506 to construct certain range beacon lights 505 certain works to be executed under superintenence of the 504 Topographical Engineers, authorized 499, 502 how selected 499 retained in service 500 detail of, to make explorations and surveys 506 to be promoted captains after fourteen years' service as subalterns 506 mentioned 543, 505, 506 Topographical engineer soldiers, company of, authorized 509 Tools (see Intrenching tools), estimate of carpenters' , required 145 Torpedoes, respecting movable submarine 520, 599, 601 Totten, Joseph G., mentioned 483 Towers, Robert, elected inspector of gunpowder 542 Townsexd, Edward D., mentioned 52 Townshend, Davis, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 Towson, Nathan, mentioned 443 Trade, interest in, forbidden to officers of the Quartermaster's Department 196, 198 Subsistence Department 334, 335, 338 Hospital or Medical Department. . 388 Traders, respecting goods in, in York and Gloucester, Va 19 Transfers (see Details), respecting, from the line to the staff 26, 72, 73, 109, 185, 201, 323, 494, 566, 650 of officers of engineers 498 artillery 584, 585 ordnance 581 men of the Signal Corps 622 drafted men to the naval service 671, 677 Transportation (see Mileage; Traveling expenses), only actual cost of, allowed 43 to officers traveling without troops 43 (See Impressment.) respecting, of public supplies 179, 182, 183, 321, 322, 387, 394, 552, 564 contracts for 209, 343, 344, 415, 416, 507, 508, 589, 590 index. 793 Tra nsportation Continued. Page. of troops and stores under control of Secretary of War 210 to be furnished for having artificial limbs fitted 221 requests for, how obtained 44, 46, 47 to be furnished to drafted men 678 Traveling allowances (see Mileage), to officers of the department of issues 248, 296 respecting, to engineer officers 490 Traveling expenses (see Mileage), only actual, allowed 38, 46, 47 nspect ins;, of inspectors 98 certain California and Nevada volunteers 472 Traveling Forge, allowed to conductors of military stores 559 di vision ambulance corps 422 Treat, Malachi, elected physician-general of hospital in Northern Department 374 chief hospital physician 389 mentioned 361 Tkkasirv Department (see Board of Treasury), all military supplies to be provided by the 328, 402 office of purveyor of public supplies created in the 329, 402 Trenches, division inspectors to mount as majors of the 100 Trenton, N. J., removal of public stores to, ordered 376, 548 n tej meeting improvement of Delaware River from 528 mentioned 144, 541 Trepa nni ng instruments, -i t b of, to be sent to Southern Department 365 Trial, warrant officers on the civil staff liable to 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644 offices of departments of purchases and issues subject to 257 Hospital or Medical Department subject to 388 Transports, resj>ecting food of troops on 689 Troop, Robert, elected deputy adjutant-general in Northern Department 60 mentioned 60 Troops, allowance of tents to the 162, 163 transportation of, under control of Secretary of War 210 Trumbull, John, appointed brigade major. r 53 elected deputy adjutant-general 56 resignation accepted '. 57 Tbumbull, Jonathan, mentioned 272, 543, 544, 549 TRUMBULL, Jonathan, Jr., elected paymaster for the forces in the New York Department 445 l>ay in crease d 447, 449 resigned 450 Trumbull, Jobbph, elected commissary -general of purchases 262 asked leave to resign 285 appointed commissary -general of stores and provisions 239 empowered to import flour and other provisions 860 additional allowance to, for the benefit of his heirs 286 mentioned 3, 238, 242, 253, 264, 265 how obtained 426, 4:10 TUCKRB, Thomas TUDOB, appointed physician ami surgeon in the hospital for Southern I >epartiueiit . 395 Tt dor, William. elected judge-advocate of the Army 123 appointment of, announced to the Army 1-3 to have rank of lieutenant -colonel 123 mentioned 54, 121, 123, 124 794 INDEX. Tunnel (see Washington Aqueduct Tunnel), Page. under the Detroit River 524 Tupper, , appointed brigade inspector 89 TURNBULL, MARMIE & Co., mentioned 327 Turner, George, discharged from office of commissary of prisoners 648 mentioned 649 Turner, Levi C, mentioned .. 121 Turner, Philip, elected surgeon-general of hospital in Eastern Department 374 appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 mentioned 361 Tyson, J. W., ' mentioned 238 U. Uniform (see Badges), of the several State lines 15, 18, 19, 21, 22 artillery and dragoons 16, 21, 22 general and staff officers 18, 19, 22 cavalry and infantry 21, 22 wearing red coats forbidden 19, 22 respecting, of retired officers 32, 39, 40 President to prescribe the 41, 225, 338 when may be worn by late officers 48, 682 watch coats to be provided for sentries 142 complete suits of, to be imported 251, 252 of State lines, by whom prescribed 295 respecting, of members of ambulance corps 422 "United Colonies," words, to be altered to ' ' United States "in all commissions 11 requested to procure suits of clothes for the troops 245 "United States," words ' ' United Colonies " to be altered to, in all commissions 11 all arms and accouterments to be marked 546 Utah, respecting California and Nevada volunteers discharged in 472 V. Vacancies, President authorized to fill certain 25 in position of chiefs of staff corps, how filled 47, 81, 82, 118, 136, 234, 358, 479, 606, 624, 627 respecting, in Adjutant-General's Department 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81 Inspector-General's Department 115, 117, 118 Judge- Advocate-General's Department 135, 136 Quartermaster's Department 218, 227, 230, 233, 234 Subsistence Department 346, 350, 353, 355, 357, 358 Hospital Department 395, 397 Medical Department 414, 419, 424, 427, 437, 439 Pay Department ". 478, 479 Corps of Engineers 527, 529 Topographical Engineers 502 Department of Military Stores '. 551 Ordnance Department 605, 606 Signal Corps 623,624,626,627 Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 662 Vaccination, of the troops to be discontinued 393 Valises, respecting, furnished to officers 160 Vallenais, , appointed aid-de-camp to Colonel de la Balme 87 Van Lear, William, appointed brigade inspector 95 INDEX. 795 Van Rensselaer, James, Page. appointment of, as deputy mustermaster-general of the forces in Canada confirmed 631 Van Rensselaer, Philip, appointment of, as storekeeper, confirmed 143 Varick, Richard, appointed deputy rnustermaster-general to the Northern army 632 elected deputy mustermaster-general 634 Varnvm, James, mentioned 390 Varncm, James M., mentioned ; 59, 60, 89 Vegetables, respecting, for the army 250, 257, 265 garden near hospital for raising 368 regimental gardens for raising 326 one pound of, added to the ration 354 Venereal disea>i>. amount to be paid by patients in hospital on account of 376 Vi>skls (see Ships), respecting impressment of 142 bringing cargoes on government account 262 employment of merchant 290, 291 mentioned 213, 240, 278, 279, 289, 536, 537 VbSSKLS OF AVAR, respecting prisoners taken by 646 enlistment of prisoners for service on 642 mentioned 240, 540 Veteran Reserve Corps, officers of the, in Bureau of Refugees may be retained 657, 661 Veterinarians, authorized; pay of 233 Vickers, Samuel, appointed physician and surgeon in the hospital for Southern department. 395 VlNEGAR, to be provided 254, 257, 265, 326 Virginia, uniform of the, line 15 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 303, 313 how paid for 307, 313 when deliverable 315 requested to authorize seizure of provisions in hands of engrossers 289 not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 to furnish Indian corn 303 collect sulphur and brimstone 535 {mrchase copper, etc 544 end stands of arms 558 respecting military hospital in 375, 391 tobacco warehouses in 538 repair of arms in the magazines of 563 mentioned 123, 156, 160, 248, 251, 271 , 272, 279, 285, 286, 290, 297, 299, 365, 446, 447, 449, 540, 546, 560, 566, 571, 640, 643, 645, 649, 690 Voi.l NTKKR OFFICERS (*Ce UNIFORM), respecting appointment of, in the staff corps 46 may be appointed on corps, division, and brigade staffs 45 bre vetted for services prior to appointment in Regular Army 36 names of all, on ambulance dutv to be reported 76 respecting, to be appointed in the Quartermaster's Department 231 Subsistence Department 348 in I .ureai i of Refugees and Free. I men may be retained 661 may l>e appointed in the Adjutant-General's Department v - [nspector-General'a Department 118 Juage-Advoeate-CJeneral's Department 136 Quartermaster'fl Department 218,234 Subsistence Department "> :,( >. :;:,s Medical Department 424. 138 Ray Department 478,479 796 INDEX. Volunteers, Page. respecting appointment of staff officers for 207, 342, 412, 467 quartermaster's supplies retained from 686 respecting hospital stewards of 438 Volunteer Signal Corps, how constituted 625 officers of the, eligible to appointment in Signal Corps 626 Volunteer Staff, retention of officers of the, in the Adjutant-General's Department 80 Inspector-General's Department 117 Judge- Advocate-General's Department. 135 Quartermaster's Department 232, 233, 234 Subsistence Department 356 Medical Department. 437 Pay Department 478 Volunteer surgeons, appointment of, authorized- 419, 438 Vowles, Henry, appointed brigade major 60 w. Wadsworth and Carter (Messrs.), mentioned t 324 Wadsworth, Decius, mentioned 534 Wadsworth, Finn, appointed brigade major 56 Wadsworth, Jeremiah, elected deputy commissary of purchases 262 commissary-general of purchases 283 given leave to resign January 1, 1780 303 desired by Congress to continue in office until his successor qualifies 303 resigned ." 283 resignation accepted _ 303 mentioned 55, 56, 238, 266, 282, 283 Wagoners, how obtained 20 corps of, authorized 161, 162, 164 respecting pay of 161, 162 clothing for 164, 165, 182, 302 to receive a suit of clothes as bounty 162 authorized; to receive pay, etc., of corporals of cavalry 210 mentioned 451, 635 Wagon master general, authorized 151 appointed 141, 152 duties of... 146,150 Wagon masters (see Pay; Rations; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 141, 171, 182, 186, 197, 206 appointed 154, 179 duties of 171 deranged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 203 mentioned 145, 156, 201 deputy, authorized 171,186 appointed 182 duties of 171 assistant, authorized 171, 186 Wagons (see Baggage wagons; Ambulances), respecting impressment of 142, 270 to be purchased 147, 180 returns of, to be made 326 for removal of sick and wounded, by whom supplied 372, 387 respecting, of Hospital Department 376 mentioned 145, 152, 155, 163, 179, 180, 182, 260, 421 Waiters (see Servants), not to be taken from the line 26 staff officers entitled to one 27, 408 INDEX. 797 Waistcoats, Page, to be purchased 142 Ward masters (see Pay; Rations), authorized 385,407,409 duties of 385 mentioned 410 W \ i. bach, J. de B., mentioned 52, 86 Walker, Joseph, appointed brigade major pro tern 60 continued in office 66 Wallace, Gustavus B., appointed brigade insi>ector 89 Walton, Georgej directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the army in the Northern Department 545 War, in time of, retired officers may be employed 45 Signal Corps to be increased 625 officers who served in any, may wear badge adopted 43, 48 uniform of highest rank 48, 682 Ward, Joseph, elected commissary-general of musters 634 prisoners 647 mentioned 629, 637 Ward, Samuel, member of committee 537 Warehouses (see Tobacco warehouses). Warner, Robert, to do duty of inspector 100 Warrant officers, on the civil staff liable to arrest and trial 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644 deranged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 28, 203 Warran, James, elected paymaster-general 445 resignation accepted 446 mentioned 443, 446 Warren, John, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 accepted appointment 390 W sshincton, George (see Commander in Chief), member of committee 535 authorized to displace all officers under rank of brigadier-general 12 power, within 70 miles from headquarters, to continue until March 1, 1778. 12 asked to transmit a list of his appointments 12 powers of, as commander in chief never intended to be superseded or cir- cumscribed by Congress 12 committee toconferwith, on perfecting arrangement of staff departments. 17 authorized to appoint three brigade majors 53 relative to appointment by, of an adjutant-general 57 plan of, for a well-regulated inspectorship approved 89 authorized to appoint inspectors and brigade inspectors 90 appointment of a quartermaster-general left to 141 to fix on locations for magazines of provisions 157 appoint a deputy commissary of stores for the army near New York 248 commissary of clothing for his army 248 clothier-general and fix his pay 251 authorized to increase the ration of soap 265 to regulate special issue of rum for gallantry of the troops in battle of Brandywine 268 authorized to hike provisions, etc., for the subsistence of his army 268 to establish magazines for storage of flour 288 appointment oi a commissary of artillery left to * 536 mentioned 3, 4, 17, 53, 54, 85, 89, 90, 146, 147, 155, 160, 242, 251 , 252, 2o8, 271 , 2S5, 449, 452, 4r>:{, is:., isti, |s7, 488, 489, 491, 535, 536, 537, 540, 543, 544, 545, 548, 550, 553, 562 " Washington" (ship), mentioned 495 798 INDEX. Washington, D. C, p age. respecting payment of cost of improving certain streets in 510 examination of harbors and landings along water front of 511 improvement of public property in 511 memorial bridge from, to Arlington 526 park improvements in 528 respecting tapping of water mains in 516 mentioned 585 Washington Aqueduct, mentioned 507, 511, 515, 516, 523 Washington Monument, mentioned 513 Washington Public Library, building for the, to be erected upon Mount Vernon square in Washington City 528 Water department, operations of the, in District of Columbia to be under engineer commis- sioner 519 Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y., mentioned 585, 602 Waterworks (see Potomac Waterworks). W atkins, Joseph, commissioned major, commissary of ordnance stores 549 mentioned 534 Waugoshance, Mich., works near, mentioned 504 Wayne, Anthony, mentioned 58, 59, 62, 94 Weather Bureau, certain duties of the Signal Corps devolved on the 622 mentioned \ 624, 625 Western Department, mentioned 273, 291, 453 Weedon, George, to discharge duties of adjutant-general temporarily 56 mentioned 51, 56, 58, 59, 89 Weeks, George H., mentioned 140 Weibert, Antoine Felix, appointed assistant engineer 486 mentioned 486 Welsh, John, to be commissioned lieutenant of sappers and miners 491 appointed quartermaster to the same 492 Wentworth, John, . member of committee 14, 286 mentioned 157 West Indies, respecting importation of salt from the 261 dried hides from the 263, 547 exportation of produce to the 537 mentioned 540, 541 Weston, John F., mentioned 238 West Point, N. Y., Military Academy and Corps of Engineers established at 497 mentioned 324, 567, 570, 571 Whales Back, N. H., works at, mentioned 504 Wharton, Carpenter, appointed commissary to the militia about to march to New Jersey 245 mentioned 87, 253 Wharton, Thomas, mentioned 279 Wheat, bad, to be delivered to commissary of forage 158 not to be purchased for forage 158, 159, 290 mentioned 288, 303 Wheaton, Henry, mentioned 121 INDEX. 79 ( J Whkkler, , Page, contractor for cannon 546 mentioned 546 Whippixi.;. Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen to prohibit 659 Whipple, William. member of committee 291 mentioned 159, 164, 299 Whisky, malt liquor or low wines may be substituted for 333 sugar and coffee to be issued in lieu of 341 Whitcomb, Asa, mentioned 142 White, Hasfield, appointed deputy wagon master 182 White, Moses, to do duty as brigade inspector , 95 White, Robert, elected deputy commissary -general of issues 266 resigned 268 Wickoff, Peter, elected clothier-general 297 mentioned 238 Widows, respecting extension of half pay to, of officers 24, 25, 26 mentioned 457 Wiley, Robert, mentioned 563 Wii.kixs, Jr., John, mentioned 140 Wilkinson, James, grant of bre\'et of brigadier-general to, announced 59 elected clothier-general 298 resigned 318 mentioned 52, 86, 238 Williams, , appointed to act as adjutant-general pro tern 62 mentioned 62 Williams, , to superintend the hospital in Albany 381 mentioned 382 Williams, Abraham, continued in the office of brigade-major 66 Williams, Jonathan, . mentioned 483 Williams, Otho H., appointed subinspector 94 Williams, Robert, mentioned 52 Williams, William S., i ik 'in her of committee 247 Williams and Elliot ( Messrs.), mentioned 328 WlLLIAMSUIKO, Va., mentioned 395 Wili.ino, Thomas, mentioned 142, 240, ">": Willson, Jambs, member of committee 87, 488, 539 Wilson, GooDwrjr, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Wiix.n, John ML, mentioned 483 Wl- DLL, I'KSKT & Co., men tinned 555 Winder, Rider H., mentioned 121 Warms, William EL, mentioned 52, 88 800 INDEX. Wines, Page. low, may be substituted for whisky 333 Winyabd Bay, S. C, respecting improvement of 522 Wisneb, Heney, member of committee 538 Withebspoon, John, member of committee 247, 249 mentioned , 145, 146, 160, 250, 392 Witnesses, respecting, before courts-martial 125, 130, 132 Wood, respecting, for use of hospitals 190 mentioned 183 WOODBEIDGE, THEODOEE, mentioned 63, 99 Woodfoed, William, mentioned 57, 60, 61, 89, 94 Woodruff, Lewis, appointed deputy muster-master 634 Wool, John E., mentioned 86 Woolen goods,* to be purchased for sale to soldiers 240 Workmen, authorized in the Ordnance Department 572, 577, 579 in armories exempted from jury duty 576 master, authorized in the Corps of Engineers 503 to be designated as sergeants 590 mentioned 575, 576 WORTHINGTON, AsA, inspector of cattle, granted increased pay 306 Wounded, respecting removal of the 179 blankets, etc. , for the, in hospitals 273 relief of the, before removal to hospital 380 ambulances for the removal of the 421 mentioned 368, 422 Wright, Horatio G., mentioned 483 Writs, respecting, to compel attendance of witnesses 125, 130, 132 Wrixon, , declined commission of chief engineer 486 Wykoff, Henry, appointed to inspect the cattle for the army 326 Wylie, Thomas, commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 promoted to rank of captain 553 Wyllys, John Palgeave, appointed brigade major 55 Wynkoop, Henry, member of committee 164, 300 Wythe, Geoege, member of committee 246, 247 Y. Yaquina Bay, Oreg. bar of, to be examined 526 respecting improvement of 528 Yakd {see Artillery yard; Horse yabd). Yellowstone National Park, respecting road extensions and improvements in the 528 Young, Joseph, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Yule, James, appointed wagon master 154 o 4 THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. $$ Series 9482 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A A 000 088 332 2