F 1 111 3 lib ALUMNiE GRADUATE SCHOOL Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/alumngraduatesOOyalerich ALUMNiE GRADUATE SCHOOL YALE UNIVERSITY 1894-1920 ^r ~ ^ ' • NEW HAVEN YALE UNIVERSITY MDCCCCXX \y ^-^ Contents Preface 7 Introduction . . Wilbur Lucius Cross 9 Almanac of the Graduate School . . . 11 Biographies, with Introductory Statements by repre- sentatives of the Departments : Classics . . Clarence Whittlesey Mendell 13 Semitics . . . Charles Cutler Torrey 18 Romance . . Henry Roseman Lang 21 Germanic Languages . Gustav Gruener 24 English . . Albert Stanburrough Cook 26 History . . Charles McLean Andrews 40 Social and Political Science . Clive Day 45 Philosophy, Psychology, and Education Charles Montague Bakewell 48 Mathematics . . Ernest William Brown 52 Chemistry . . Treat Baldwin Johnson 56 Botany . . Alexander William Evans 59 Zoology . . . Ross Granville Harrison 61 Physiological Chemistry Lafayette Benedict Mendel 63 Bacteriology and Public Health Charles-Edward Amory Winslow 69 Geology .... Charles Schuchert 71 Appendix I : Women Candidates for Degrees in 1920 73 Appendix II : Women Who Have Received Honorary Degrees from Yale University . . 74 Appendix III : Fellowships and Scholarships for Women ....... 74 Appendix IV : Colleges Represented by two or more Yale Alumnae ...... 75 417944 Preface THE occasion of this little pamphlet is the reunion of the women who have received higher degrees from Yale during the twenty-six years in which her doors have been open to them. During that time one hundred and twenty women have received the degree of Doctor of Phil- osophy; five, the Master of Arts; three, the Master of Science; and two, the Certificate in Public Health — a total of only one hundred and thirty. It is, therefore, the more gratifying to find among our Alumnae, two college presidents, and one acting college president, five deans, and twenty-five heads of departments and full professors, while twenty-one are listed in Who's Who in America. Of the remaining, many have carried on their work in- formally. Several of the twenty-six who have married are continuing scientific or literary work with their husbands. Four have married members of the Yale faculty; five, Yale Doctors of Philosophy; one, a Yale Master of Science ; and one, a Yale Master of Arts. The biographical notes which follow, give but the barest record, listing, as they do, publications, positions held, and only occasional personal notes. They have been prepared chiefly from the alumnae record cards made out by the individuals, and hence lack something of uniformity. As the purpose of these notes is to give a suHMnary of work, rather than detailed information, we have hesitated to trouble busy women with a second letter to achieve no greater end than consistency. They cannot touch upon the personal qualities, and the non-profes- sional achievements, which are, in many cases, the richest part of the lives of our alumnae. Even the quiet committee work and wise counseling in academic conclave or in the home, which have been part of their contributions to their several communities, can be learned only incidentally, and not by formal record cards. 7 YALE UNIVERSITY But even this bare record will have its value to those who are interested in following the careers of a group of women with higher degrees during a quarter-century when the obligations as well as the privileges of higher education have been great. The biographies have been arranged by Departments, and a member of each departmental faculty has contrib- uted a foreword. While candidates for the Master of Science degree and for the Certificate in Public Health have only this year been included in the Graduate School, we have adopted as our alumnae in this pamphlet the five women who have already received these degrees from the University. M. T. C. Introduction WILBUR LUCIUS CROSS THESE few pages, which have been prepared by Miss Corwin, tell about what the Alumnae of the Gradu- ate School have done and are now doing, and about the new opportunities for women at Yale. It is an interesting and impressive story. Universities, like persons, must adjust themselves, either gladly or reluctantly, to the needs of the times. The un- dergraduate Schools at Yale were founded expressly for the education of young men, just as have since been founded throughout the country many excellent colleges for the education of young women. Underlying all these privately endowed institutions is the conviction that it is better for young men and young women to pursue studies of the college grade quite apart. For those who hold the opposite view, the great State Universities are available. The case, however, is quite different when we come to Graduate and Professional Schools of the first rank, which are limited in number, and in which mature stu- dents are either engaged in investigation or are preparing themselves for definite careers. This distinction was early recognized at Yale. Indeed, almost immediately after the organization of the Graduate School, women were ad- mitted as candidates for the Ph.D. degree; and when the M.S. degree was established, they wexe at once admitted to this degree also. It may seem that they had to wait a long time before they were allowed to take an M.A. de- gree ; but, as a matter of fact, they had to wait only four or five years after the administration of this degree was transferred from Yale College to the Graduate School; and when the new degrees were established in Public Health, there arose no question of discrimination on the YALE UNIVERSITY basis of sex. Last year, Miss Margaret T. Corwin, a grad- uate of Bryn Mawr, was made Executive Secretary of the Graduate School, and this spring. Miss Catherine Bryce, of Cleveland, Ohio, was appointed Assistant Professor of Elementary Education. Miss Bryce is the first of her sex to become a member of the faculty of the Graduate School. It looks as if women were now coming into their own here as everywhere else. The Alumnae who read the new Catalogue, soon to be published, will observe the wide scope for study and in- vestigation now provided by the Graduate School. While all former work is being maintained, there have been added, within the last few years, ten new departments of study, of which women, perhaps, will be most interested in (1) the Fine Arts: History and Criticism, (2) Bacteri- ology and Public Health, (3) Astronomy, and (4) Edu- cation. Prospective students especially should read the new requirements for the Master's degree, which aim to correlate, more closely than has been the practice, gradu- ate with undergraduate study. They will see that it is pos- sible, if they select the proper courses in college, to obtain a Master's degree after one year of residence at Yale. The Alumnae and their friends are always most wel- come visitors at Gibbs Hall, the new offices of the Gradu- ate School. 10 Almanac of the Graduate School September. During the last week, students register at the Dean's office in Gibbs Hall. Also a tea is given by the Graduate Women's Club for new women students. October lo. By this date each student has conferred with the Chair- man of her Department, and settled upon a course of study for the year, whereupon she files a record thereof at the office. N ovember. The last Thursday and the afternoon preceding it are dedicated to Thanksgiving. December and January. Over two weeks, beginning just before Christmas, are set apart for vacation. In 1919 the Graduate School had a New Year's Eve Party, which may be repeated. February. About the end of the first week the first term ends. At this season the Junior Promenade occurs. All those desiring to change their courses consult their academic advisers, and record their decisions at the office. March and April. About the end of the first month or beginning of the second occurs the Easter vacation. 11 YALE UNIVERSITY May. May Day is celebrated by the presentation of Doctor's dissertations at the office of the Dean. The fifteenth marks the offerings of candidates for M.A., M.S., Dr.P.H., and C.P.H. The third week is marked by warm weather, friendly reunions, a Baccalaureate Sermon, and the presentation of degrees, followed by a summer vacation. 12 Classics CLARENCE WHITTLESEY MENDELL SINCE the first degree in Classical Philology granted by Yale to a woman was conferred, in 1895, thirteen have taken the Ph.D., and many others have studied Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit for a year or more. The Department is proud to welcome them back. Many who would have greeted them as old friends are gone. Professor Seymour no longer presides in person over the heights of Phelps Hall, but his is still the presiding genius. The returning alumnae will miss the genial friendship, inspiring scholarship, and fine- dignity of Peck and Wright, Perrin and Oertel and Morris. These all have served Yale well, and the Classical Department is still reap- ing the results of their devoted service. "Though much is taken, much abides." The alum- nae will be welcomed by Professor Hopkins, Pro- fessor Goodell, and Professor Reynolds. They will find two members, new to many of them, who will go far toward making up for the losses which they will feel : Professors Hendrickson and Harmon make it certain that the traditions of Whitney and Had- ley, of Packard and Kingsley and Thacher, have not and will not be abandoned. Meanwhile the alumnae have been adding gener- ous laurels to the Department. They come back to Yale with titles of Dean and Professor and Director, earned in Texas and Connecticut, in Alabama and Massachusetts. The Department is justly proud of them and of their work, and welcomes them back, now as always, eagerly and cordially. 13 YALE UNIVERSITY DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Susan Dinsmore Tew, B.A. Smith College 1892. Miss Tew received her Doctor's degree in 1895. Since 1902 she has been Professor of Greek in Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. Her dissertation is entitled " Notes on the Vocabulary of ^schylus." Louise Preston Dodge. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1900, Miss Dodge taught for a year at the Stamford High School and for the next year at the Norwich Free Academy. During the years 1909-1911 she was head of the Latin and French departments at Lebanon Valley College, and during 1911-1913 was head of the department of Romance Languages at Converse College. In 1914 she went to Winona College as head of the department of Latin and French. Her dissertation is entitled " Posse and Its Synonyms in Cicero's Letters." Miss Dodge died in January, 1920. Amy Louise Barbour, B.A. Smith College 1891. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1902, Miss Barbour has taught at Smith College; until 1912 as instructor, from 1912 to 1919 as Associate Professor, and now as Professor of Greek. Her dissertation is entitled " Tryphiodorus, a Late Epic Poet : His Relation to Other Epics in Form and Vocabulary." Elisabeth Frances Abbe, B.A. Wellesley College 1888, M.A. 1896. Miss Abbe received her Doctor's degree in 1903. Since 1906 she has been head of the department of Latin at the Melrose High School, Melrose, Massachusetts. Her dissertation is entitled " Entrances in Greek Tragedy." Gertrude Harper Beggs, B.A. University of Den- ver 1893. Miss Beggs received her Doctor's degree in 1904. Since then she has been : Professor of Greek at the University of Denver, 1905-1914; Dean of the Chicago Kindergarten Institute, 1914- 15 ; Social Director of the Martha Cook Building of the Uni- versity of Michigan, 1915-17; Dean of Women, University of Minnesota, 191 7-19. She is now Professor of Latin in West- 14 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL hampton College, Richmond, Virginia. In 19 14 Miss Beggs received an LL.D. degree from the University of Denver. Her dissertation is entitled "The Adnominal Genitive in Lysias." Mary Crowell Welles, B.A. Smith College 1883. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1904, Miss Welles be- came Instructor in Latin and English in the Hartford High School. Since 1907 she has been the General Secretary of the Consumers' League of Connecticut. Her publications include : " Contributions to the Study of Suppletivwesen," American Journal of Philology, 1904; and "A Glance at Some European and American Vocational Schools," 1910. Her dissertation is entitled " The Appropriation and Latent Criticism of Herodotus in Thucydides." ' Her present address is Newington, Connecticut. Elizabeth Hatch Palmer, B.A. Wellesley College 1887. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1905, Miss Palmer began her work as Associate Professor of Latin at Vassar College, continuing there until her death. Her dissertation is entitled " The Adnominal Genitive in Thucydides." Miss Palmer died in May, 1920. Maud Thompson (Mrs. William E. Bolen), B.A. Wellesley College 1901, M.A. 1902. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1906, Miss Thompson taught Latin and History at Detroit Seminary until 1909. In 1909 she married William E. Bolen, and in 1910 her daughter, Rhoda Thompson Bolen, was born. From 1909 to 191 7 she lectured before clubs, schools, etc. During the year 1917-18 she taught History at the Organic School, Fairhope, Alabama. Since 19 18 she has been head of the department of Latin at Mrs. Beard's School, Orange, New Jersey. Mrs. Bolen has also been Vice-President of the New Jersey Classical Association; done suffrage work from 1906 to 1917; served on the Educational Committee from 1910 to 1917; con- ducted a lecture bureau on Modern Education ; and made an investigation of the New Jersey public schools. Her dissertation is entitled "The Property Rights of Women in Ancient Greece." She has also written several pamphlets on Education. Her present address is 112 Berkeley Avenue, Orange, New Jersey. 15 YALE UNIVERSITY May Alice Allen, B.A. Smith College 1901. Miss Allen received her Doctor's degree in T908. From 1909 to 19 1 5 she taught Latin and Greek at Miss Capen's School, North- ampton, Massachusetts, and from 1915 to 1919, at Barstom School, Kansas City, Missouri. Since 19 19 she has been Dean of Women and Professor of Latin and Greek at the University of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Her dissertation is entitled "The Technical Vocabulary of the Rhythmic of Aristoxenos." Erma Eloise Cole, B.A. Upper Iowa University 1900. Miss Cole received her Ph.D. in 1910. From 1912 to 1915 she vi^as head of the department of Greek and Latin at Klamath Falls High School, Klamath Falls, Oregon. Since 191 7 she has been Instructor in Ancient History and Greek at Connecticut College for Women, New London, Connecticut. Her dissertation was printed in condensed form by the Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company, New Haven, in 1912, under the title "The Samos of Herodotus." Irene Nye,. B.A. Washburn College 1895. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 191 1, Miss Nye became Professor of Latin at Washburn College for the year 1911-1912, advancing to Professor of Classical Languages, 1912-1915. In 1915 she went to Connecticut College for Women, New London, where she has been successively. Assistant Professor of Greek and Latin in 1915, Professor of Greek and Latin since 1916, and Dean of the Faculty from 191 7 to the present time. Her publications include her dissertation, issued by R. Wag- ner Sohn, Weimar, 1912, under the title "Sentence Connection; Illustrated Chiefly from Livy" ; and articles in the Classical Journal and in Classical Philology. Maelynette Aldrich, B.A. Kansas State Uni- versity 191 2, M.A. 191 3. Miss Aldrich received her Doctor's degree in 1916. In 1917 she became Professor of Latin, Greek, and History at Ewing College, Ewing, Illinois. In 1919 she accepted the chair of Mathematics at Martha Washington College for Women, Abing- don, Virginia. Her dissertation is entitled "Repetitions of Words in Plautus." Miss Aldrich died in February, 1920. 16 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Maude Hazel Gaeckler, B.A. University of Ne- braska 191 1, M.A. 1913. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1916, Miss Gaeckler was made head of the Latin department of the Edinboro State Normal School, Edinboro, Pennsylvania, for the year 1916-1917. From 1917 to 1919 she was at Lawrence College, Appleton, Wis- consin, where she was successively Instructor in Ancient Lan- guages and Assistant Dean of Women from 1917 to 1918, and Acting-Dean of Women and Instructor in Spanish in 1918-1919. She is now head of the Greek and Latin department at Baylor College for Women, Belton, Texas. Her dissertation is entitled "A Study of the Aorist, Imperfect, and Perfect Tenses in the Rig- Veda, Early and Late." 17 Semitics CHARLES CUTLER TORREY THE courses of study in the Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures are de- signed primarily for those who are fitting them- selves to be teachers in colleges and training schools of high grade. In all the principal colleges for women, instruction is offered in Biblical Literature and History, and the number of professorships and instructorships in this field is increasing. It is gener- ally recognized that a satisfactory preparation for teaching the Bible must include at least some knowl- edge of Hebrew. For those who would master He- brew, acquaintance with one or more of the cognate languages is necessary. Courses in Assyrian, Arabic, and Syriac are already offered in some of the col- leges for women, and several of these institutions possess collections of original and unpublished ma- terial (chiefly Babylonian and Assyrian tablets) which afford excellent opportunity for historical re- search. This department provides valuable training for those who intend to teach Oriental history, es- pecially the history of Western Asia, Egypt, and the Eastern Mediterranean lands; and also for pro- spective teachers of the History of Religion. In connection with the courses of Missionary Training offered in the Divinity School, the Semitics Depart- ment affords special preparation for those who are fitting themselves to undertake educational work in the Near East. 18 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL For those who have leisure and inclination to pur- sue advanced studies for their own sake the Semitics Department at Yale offers very attractive opportuni- ties. The Semitic languages are highly interesting in themselves, and repay the time spent upon them. Some of the world's greatest books are Semitic, and it is generally impossible to reproduce them ade- quately in translation. Vast stores of literature, rep- resenting almost every branch of science and belles- lettres, are open to those who can read Hebrew, Arabic, Assyrian, and Syriac. During the last dec- ade a very large and important collection of Baby- lonian and Assyrian material, mostly unpublished, has been formed at Yale through the activity and expert knowledge of the Professor of Assyriology. In the combination of this collection with the library of Arabic manuscripts owned by the University, for the most part unpublished, there are offered to the advanced graduate student such varied possibilities of research and publication as could not be found elsewhere in America. In every part of the Semitic field, moreover, there is work of high importance waiting to be done by thoroughly prepared scholars. Women have already shown, both in this country and abroad, that they can do distinguished work of investigation in Semitic science. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Sara Anna Emerson, B.A. Boston University 1877. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1903, Miss Emerson was for three years Instructor in Biblical Literature in the National Training School for Missionaries and Deaconesses in Washington, D. C. Her dissertation is entitled "The Historic Nucleus of the Stories of Abraham Contained in the Book of Genesis." Her present address is 14 Park Drive, Brookline 46, Massa- chusetts. 19 YALE UNIVERSITY Ettalene Mears Grice, B.A. Western College for Women 1908. Miss Grice received her Doctor's degree in 191 7. Since 1918 she has continued her work as Research Fellow at Yale Uni- versity. She is working on Sumero-Akkadian Syllabaries, as- sembling the cuneiform signs and sign combinations with their Sumerian and Akkadian meanings. During the present year she has also been a Lecturer at the University. Her dissertation is entitled "Tablets from Ur and Larsa, Dated in the Larsa Dynasty." Her publications include : " Records from Ur and Larsa," Yale University Press, 1919; "Chronology of the Larsa Dynas- ty," Yale University Press, 19 19. MASTER OF ARTS Alpha Winifred Barlow, B.S. Smith College 1896. Miss Barlow received the degree of Master of Arts in 1918. In 1919 she accepted her present position. Director of Religious Education of the Young Women's Christian Association, Flint, Michigan. Her Master's essay is entitled " Literary and Historical Studies in the English Old Testament." 20 Romance HENRY ROSEMAN LANG INSTRUCTION in the scientific study of the Ro- mance Languages and Literatures, leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, has been given at Yale since 1892, when it was first organized. Courses have since then been regularly offered in the mediae- val as well as the modern periods of the languages and literatures of France, Provence, Italy, and the Spanish Peninsula. More recently, courses in Span- ish-American Literature and in methods of teaching Spanish, conducted by Professor Luquiens, have been added. The aim of the instruction has been not only to give students a thorough knowledge of cer- tain periods of linguistic and literary development, but also to train them to do accurate scholarly work. Women enrolled as candidates for a degree are admitted to such undergraduate courses as they may need. It is of especial interest on this occasion to note that the very first candidate for the Doctor's degree in Romance Languages at Yale was a woman, Miss Cornelia Rogers of Bridgeport. Miss Rogers began her studies here in 1892, and proved to be excep- tionally well prepared for them. A graduate of Wellesley College, she was not only well versed in French, but possessed a remarkable fluency and ac- curacy in the use of Spanish. She took especial inter- est in the study of Old Spanish, choosing the sub- ject of her thesis in this field of research. Miss Marion Parker Whitney and Miss Elise Neu- 21 YALE UNIVERSITY enschwander are the only other women who have studied for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in this Department, the former graduating in 1901 with a thesis on the interpretation of a Proven9al poem dealing with Young Henry, the latter in 191 3 with one concerning modern French literature. Since 191 7 women have been admitted as candi- dates for the degree of Master of Arts. The only candidate upon whom this degree has so far been conferred is Miss Clare Amberton. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Cornelia Hephzibah Bulkley Rogers, B.A. Wellesley College 1884. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1894, Miss Rogers taught for five years at Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, New York. In 1898 she became Instructor in French and Italian at Vassar College. In 1902 she was made Associate Professor of Romance Languages, and continued her work there until her death. Her dissertation is entitled Sinalefa, sineresis e hiato en los romances del Cid. She also published occasional translations from the Spanish, Italian, and French, for the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. Miss Rogers died in 191 7. Marion Parker Whitney. Miss Whitney received her Doctor's degree in 1901. From 1892 to 1905 she was teacher of Modern Languages at the New Haven High School. From 1905 to the present time she has been Professor of German and Instructor in Comparative Liter- ature at Vassar College; and since 191 5 she has been examiner in German for the College Entrance Examination Board. She is First Vice-President of the Modern Language Association of America. In 1919 she became Associate Editor of the Modern Language Journal, and Chairman of Education of the National Council of Women. Her dissertation is entitled "The Young King and Largesse. A Study in Mediaeval Manners." Her publications include : Geschichte der Deutschen Litera- tur; "Advanced German Composition"; "Easy German Compo- 22 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL sition" (In collaboration with Associate Professor L. L. Stroebe of Vassar) ; various texts and grammars — German and French ; and articles in pedagogical and modern language periodicals. Elise Neuenschwander, B.A. University of Kan- sas 1898. Miss Neuenschwander received her Doctor's degree in 1913. Her work has been at the University of Kansas, where she is Associate Professor of Romance Languages. Her dissertation is entitled " Influence of Villon on Voltaire." MASTER OF ARTS Clare Amberton (Mrs. James Kenny), L.L.A. St. Andrew's University 19 16. Upon receiving her Master's degree in 1918, Miss Amberton assumed charge of the Household Department of the United States Employment Service in New Haven during the year 1918-1919. On December 15, 1919, she married James Kenny. Her Master's essay is entitled "The Influence of French Thought on the Poetry of Alexander Petofi." She has also written " Unto Others," a short story published in the Unparti- zan Review, October, 19 19. Her present address is 61 Evelyn Gardens, Onslow Square, London, S. W., England. 23 Germanic Languages GUSTAV GRUENER DURING the last ten years the Department of German has been strengthened by the infusion of new blood and enlarged by the introduction of new courses, chiefly along the line of the study of Goethe. The department has had the rare good fortune of securing for the University Library the unique Wil- liam A. Speck Collection of Goetheana, and of having Mr. Speck himself added to its staff of instructors. He not only gives courses in Goethe, but is always ready to put the treasures of his collection, unparal- leled in this country, at the service of our graduate students. In Scandinavian a new start is being made; the plan being to develop courses in this field as fast as there is a call for them. At present the demand for teachers in German is greatly reduced, but, to judge by reports from many sources, the study of German seems to be at its low- est ebb. Everywhere signs of a revival are manifest, and those who enter upon the study at the present time have a fair prospect of finding openings when they are ready to go out and teach, — openings which will offer better salaries and larger opportuni- ties than for many years past. 24 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Ellen Cordelia Abbott, B.A. Vassar College 1892. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1900, Miss Abbott taught English at the ^lexner School in Louisville, Kentucky, until 1905. From 1909 to IQ17 she was a member of the department of English Literature at the Spence School, New York City. Her dissertation is entitled "The Influence of Shakespere upon the Dramatic Works of Heinrich von Kleist." Her present address is 106 East 52d Street, New York City. Alberta Linton Corbin, B.A. University of Kan- sas 1893. Miss Corbin received her Doctor's degree in 1901. Her work has been at the University of Kansas, where she is now Asso- ciate Professor of German and Adviser of Women. Her dissertation is entitled " Contributions to the Study of the Political Lyric in Germany." Susan Almira Bacon, B.A. Mount Holyoke Col- lege 1905. After receiving her Doctor's degree in 191 1, Miss Bacon was Associate Professor of French at Mount Holyoke College until 1915. Since 1916 she has been Assistant Professor of French and Spanish and in charge of that department, at Reed College, Portland, Oregon. Her dissertation, "The Source of Wolfram's Willehalm," was published by J. C. B. Mohr, Tiibingen, in 19 10. Edith St. Clair Palmer, B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1910, M.A. Smith College 1912. Miss Palmer received her Doctor's degree in 1914. In 1915 she went to Wheaton College as Instructor in German, and was promoted to Assistant Professor in 1918. In 1919 she accepted a call to Mount Holyoke College as Assistant Professor of Journalism. Her dissertation is entitled Studien zu Theodor Fontanes Bal- laden. 25 Snglish ALBERT STANBURRQUGH COOK AS one of those who were instrumental, in the - face of considerable opposition, in having women admitted to graduate study in Yale, now more than a quarter of a century ago, I feel that the University may congratulate itself, in general, on the results attained. Beginning with 1 894, Yale has con- ferred the degree of Ph.D. in English upon forty women, and that of M.A. upon two. Of the forty Doctors of Philosophy, ten have been married, and three have died. Two are college presidents, three are or have been deans, ten professors, and seven assistant or associate professors. Of the total num- ber, Vassar has one, for twenty-three years head of the department; Smith has had four, including two full professors; and Wellesley three, including two full professors. Thirty-one have published their dis- sertations (including one now in press), twenty be- ing comprised in the Yale Studies in^ English; the subjects range from Old English through Middle English, the Elizabethan period, the age of Milton, and the eighteenth century, down to the ninteenth ; with these may be reckoned studies on the influence exerted by the ancient classics upon English litera- ture. Among important works of scholarship produced by these graduates, may be mentioned Dr. Lock- wood's Milton lexicon; Dr. Ella Isabel Harris' po- etical rendering of Seneca's tragedies; Dr. Henry's (Reinhardt's) edition of Jonson's Epicoene; Dr. Bu- 26 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL land's (Campbell's) Representation of Time in the Elizabethan Drama; Dr. Adams' Old English Schol- arship in England from 1566 to 1800; and Dr. Goad's Horace in the English Literature of the Eighteenth Century ; not to speak of many others that are highly meritorious. In the belles-lettres, at- tention may be called to the writings of Dr. Sher- wood {Daphne, etc.), Dr. Woodbridge (Morris) {Jonathan Papers, etc.), and Dr. Shackford (the in- itial volume of the Yale University Prize Poems). Dr. Lovewell (Dickinson) has for many years lec- tured acceptably to literary clubs which she has con- ducted, and Dr. Myers, who has devoted herself to the subject of history, has done conspicuous work for the education of women at the South. But further details must be sought in the biographies themselves. In future, besides those who seek the doctorate for special reasons, many women might profitably take advantage of the opportunities afforded those who wish to attain the degree of Master of Arts; and, where that is impracticable, would be likely to derive much advantage from graduate study ex- tending over one or two years — supposing them properly prepared for it — without reference to any advanced degree. I feel sure that an increasing num- ber of women should give consideration to such a shorter course. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Elisabeth Deering Hanscom, B.A. Boston Uni- versity 1887, M.A. 1893. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1894, Miss Hanscom has taught at Smith College, where she has been Professor of English since 1905. Her dissertation was published in part in the publications of the Modern Language Association of America in 1894, 27 YALE UNIVERSITY under the title "The Argument of the Vision of Piers Plowman." She has also published the following : "The Friendly Craft," Macmillan Company, 1908; "The Heart of the Puritan," Mac- millan Company, 1917; and the second part of "Henry IV," edited for the Tudor Shakespeare, 1912. Mary Augusta Scott, B.A. Vassar College 1876, M.A. 1882. Miss Scott, the first woman fellow at Yale, received her Doc- tor's degree in 1894. In 1897 she began her teaching at Smith College, where she was Professor of English Language and Literature from 1902 until her death. Her dissertation, entitled " Elizabethan Translations from the Italian," was published in 1915 by Houghton, Mifflin Com- pany, as one of the Semi-Centennial Publications of Vassar College. She was also the author of "Hugh Scott, an Immigrant of 1670, and His Descendants" ; "The Book of the Countyer, a Possible Source of Benedick and Beatrice" ; "The Essays of Francis Bacon," with introduction and notes and index ; "The Italian Novella." Miss Scott died in 19 18. Laura Johnson Wylie, B.A. Vassar College 1877. Miss Wylie received her Doctor's degree in 1894. Since 1897 she has been at Vassar College, where she is Professor of Eng- lish and head of the department. She has held various public positions in Poughkeepsie in addition to administrative work at Vassar. Her dissertation, " Studies in the Evolution of English Criti- cism," was published in 1894, by Ginn & Company, Boston. She has also edited the following: "The Sir Roger de Cover- ley Papers, from The Spectator," 1900 ; "The Winter's Tale" in the Tudor Shakespeare, 1912; "Social Studies in English Liter- ature," Vassar Series, 1915 ; and "Adam Bede," 1917. Martha Anstice Harris, M.A. Lincoln College 1894. Miss Harris received her Doctor's degree in 1896. Since 1901, she has been Professor of English Language and Literature and Dean of Elmira College, Elmira, New York. She also holds various public positions : President of the Martinsburg Free Library since 1916, Chairman of the Chemung County Com- mittee of the League of Nations since 1919; and, during the present year, member of the Club House Committee of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae. She is also an occasional lecturer on current affairs and on literature. Her dissertation, "A Glossary of the West Saxon Gospels 28 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Latin-West Saxon and West Saxon-Latin," was published in 1899, as Yale Studies in English, No. 6. She also published, in 1911, "House of Happiness." Alice Elizabeth Sawtelle (Mrs. Herbert Ran- dall), B.A. Colby University 1888. Miss Sawtelle received her Doctor's degree in 1896, and the same year she married Herbert Randall. She became an active member of various organizations, among them the Hartford College Club, of which she was President. Her dissertation, entitled "The Sources of Spenser's Classical Mythology," was published in 1896, by Silver, Burdett & Com- pany, Boston. She also published a book of poems in collaboration with her sister. Mrs. Randall died in 1909. Anna Hunt Billings, B.L. Smith College 1891. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1898, Miss Billings taught English for a year at the High School in Redlands, California. During the year 1902- 1903, she taught German and English at the High School in Long Beach, California. From 1904 to 1909 she taught English at the State Normal School in San Diego, California. In recent years she has interested her- self in social and educational work. Her dissertation was published in 1901, as Yale Studies in English, No. 9, under the title "A Guide to the Middle Eng- lish Metrical Romances Dealing with English and Germanic Legends, and with the Cycles of Charlemagne and of Arthur." Her permanent address is in care of General Delivery, New York City. Laura Emma Lockwood, B.A. University of Kan- sas 1 89 1, M.A. 1894. Miss Lockwood received her Doctor's degree in 1898. Since 1900 she has been Associate Professor of English Language at Wellesley College. Her dissertation was published in 1907 by the Macmillan Company, entitled "Lexicon to the English Poetical Works of John Milton." She has also edited "Specimens of Letter- Writing," 1910; "Milton's Areopagitica," 1911; and "English Sonnets," 1915. Bertha Ellen Lovewell (Mrs. George L. Dick- inson), B.L. Washburn College 1889. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1898, Miss Lovewell taught in the English department of the Hartford Public High 29 YALE UNIVERSITY School until 1903. She has also been a leader and organizer of Women's Clubs in Hartford, Pasadena, and Los Angeles, On September 3, 1903, she married George Lyman Dickinson. They have two sons : John Lovewell Dickinson and George Lyman Dickinson, Jr. Her dissertation entitled "The Life of Saint Cecilia, from MS. Ashmole 43 and MS. Cotton Tiberius E. VII," with Intro- duction, Variants, and Glossary, was published in 1898, as Yale Studies in English, No. 3. She has also published about twenty-five analytical programs in literary subjects for the use of clubs and classes. Her present address is 392 East California Street, Pasadena, California. Margaret Pollock Sherwood, B.A. Vassar Col- lege 1886. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1898, Miss Sherwood became Associate Professor of English Literature at Wellesley College. In 19 12 she was promoted to her present position, that of Professor of English Literature. She has this year been made Chairman of the English Literature department. Her dissertation, entitled " Dryden's Dramatic Theory and Practice," was published in 1898, as Yale Studies in English, No. 4. She has also published the following : " Henry Worthington," Macmillan Company, 1899 ; " Daphne, An Autumn Pastoral," Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1903 ; "Story of King Sylvain and Queen Aimee," Macmillan Company, 1904; "The Coming of the Tide," Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1905 ; "The Prin- cess Pourquoi," Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1907; "The Worn Doorstep," Little, Brown & Company, 1916; and "Fa- miliar Ways," Little, Brown & Company, 191 7. Among her contributions to magazines are: "The Deserted Temple," At- lantic Monthly, 1916, and "Vital Study of Literature," Educa- tional Review, March, 1919. Caroline Louisa White, B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1894. Miss White received her Doctor's degree in 1898. From 1901 to 1903 she was Professor of English at the French-American College of Springfield, Massachusetts. Her dissertation, entitled "^Elfric : A New Study of His Life and Writings," was published in 1898, as Yale Studies in Eng- lish, No. 2. Miss White died in 1905. 30 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Elisabeth Woodbridge (Mrs. Charles G. Morris), B.A. Vassar College 1892. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1898, Miss Wood- bridge taught English for a year at Vassar College. In 1899 she married Charles Gould Morris, B.A. Yale 1895, LL.B. 1897. They have six children: Laura Wylie, Woodbridge Edward, Martha Cartwright, Daniel Luzon, Charles Lester, and Elisa- beth Woodbridge. Her dissertation, entitled "Studies in Jonson's Comedy," is published as Yale Studies in English, No. 5. She has also published the following: "The Drama: Its Law and Its Technique," Lamson, Wolffe & Company, 1898; "Ex- pository Writing," Holt & Company (In collaboration with Dr. Gertrude Buck) ; "Narrative Writing," Holt & Company (In collaboration with Dr. Gertrude Buck) ; "The Jonathan Papers," Houghton, Mifflin Company; "More Jonathan Papers," Hough- ton, Mifflin Company; "Days Out," Houghton, Mifflin Com- pany ; and various articles in magazines. Her present address is 230 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut. Ella Isabel Harris, B.A. Waynesburg College 1889, M.A. 1892. Upon receiving her degree in 1899, Miss Harris became In- structor at Vassar College. From 1900 to 1916 she was head of the department of English at the Washington State Normal School. Since 191 7 she has been Associate Professor of English at Elmira College, Elmira, New York. Her dissertation, "Two Tragedies of Seneca Rendered into English Verse," with an Introduction, was published, without the Introduction, by Lamson, Wolffe & Company, Boston, in 1898 ; was republished by Houghton, Mifflin Company in 1899; and was included in "The Tragedies of Seneca Rendered into English Verse," Henry Frowde, London, 1904. Irene Tanner Myers, M.A. Bethany College 1889. t'pon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1900, Miss Myers became Executive Secretary and Lecturer at the Boston Sloyd Training School for three years. From 1904 to 19 16 she was Dean of Women and Professor of History at Transylvania Col- lege in Lexington, Kentucky. Since 1916 she has been Dean of Women and Associate Professor of History at Occidental Col- lege, Los Angeles, California. In addition. Miss Myers has held the following offices : Kentucky representative on the Public Archives Commission ; Member of the South Central Y. W. C. A. Committee; Chair- 31 YALE UNIVERSITY man, Deans of Women of the South ; Vice-President, Southern Association of College Women ; Sectional Vice-President, Asso- ciation of Collegiate Alumnae ; Councillor, Association of Col- legiate Alumnae ; President, College Women's Club, Central Kentuckj'; Secretary, Education Department, Kentucky Fed- erated Clubs ; and Interdenominational delegate on Commission to South America, Her dissertation, "A Study in Epic Development," was pub- lished in 1901, as Yale Studies in English, No. 11. Martha Hale Shackford^ B. A. Wellesley College 1896. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in igoi, Miss Shackford was for five years Instructor in English at Wellesley. In 1906 she was promoted to Associate Professor, and in 19 18 to her present position, that of Professor in the same department. Her dissertation was published in 1904, in the Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, as "A Definition of the Pastoral Idyll." She has also published the following : " Yale University Prize Poems," 1898; "A First Book of Poetics," 1906; "European Literature" ; " English Literature in the Ninteenth Century " ; and "Composition, Rhetoric, Literature." (With Margaret Jud- son). She has edited the following : Spenser's " Faerie Queene," Book I; Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome"; Shakespeare's "As You Like It"; "Legends and Fables from Mediaeval , Literature" ; "Syllabus of Lectures on the History of English Literature" ; and "Chaucer : Selected References." She has also written book reviews and verses, and studies of men of letters, and contributed various papers to educational journals and to the " Contributor's Club." Margaret Sweeney, B.A. Radcliffe College 1899. Miss Sweeney received her Doctor's degree in 1901. In 1912 she became Professor of Rhetoric and Dean of Women at the University of Minnesota. In 191 7 she resigned this position on account of illness. Her dissertation is entitled " Patience, a Middle English Poem in the West Midland Dialect of the P'ourteenth Century," edited with Introduction, Notes, and Glossary. Her present address is 17 Regent Circle, Brookline, Massa- chusetts. Alice Lincoln W^right, B.A. Wellesley College 1897. Miss Wright received her Doctor's degree in 1901. From 32 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL 1908 to 1912 she taught in the Dwight School of New Haven. In 1912 she changed to her present position, that of teacher in the New Haven State Normal School. Her dissertation is entitled "A Study of Ben Jonson's Cati- line, with Special Reference to Its Sources." Her present address is 128 York Street, New Haven, Connect- icut. Margaret Rooker Bradshaw (Mrs. Francis El- mer Bradshaw) M.A. Vanderbilt University 1893. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1902, Mrs. Bradshaw went to Smith College as Instructor in English. In 1910 she was promoted to her present rank, that of Associate Professor. Mrs. Bradshaw has one daughter, Frances Margaret Brad- shaw, born in 1895. Her publications include "Critical Essays on Poetry and Fic- tion," and "A Study of the Metre of the Phoenix," published in the American Journal of Philosophy in 1894. Her present address is 267 Crescent Street, Northampton, Massachusetts. Emily Howard Foley (Mrs. Allyn K. Foster), B.A. Wellesley College 1893. Miss Foley received her Doctor's degree in 1902. She was married the same year to Rev. Allyn King Foster, M.A. Yale University 1901. She has two children, Allyn K. Foster, Jr., born 1905, and Cicely Foster, born in 1907. In 191 5 she served as a member of the School Committee of Worcester, Massachusetts. Her dissertation, " The Language of the Northumbrian Gloss to the Gospel of Saint Matthew," was published in part in 1903, as Yale Studies in English, No. 14. Her present address is 8 Polhemus Place, Brooklyn, New York. Susan Smith Sheridan^ B.A. University of Oma- ha 1897. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1903, Miss Sheridan has taught in the Hillhouse High School, New Haven, Connecti- cut, as head of the department of English. Her dissertation is entitled "Glossary of the Anglo-Saxon Ritual of the Cathedral Church of Durham." She has edited the following: "Macaulay's Byron" ; "Selections from Edwin Arnold" ; and "Selected Essays of Matthew Ar- nold." 33 YALE UNIVERSITY AuRELiA Isabel Henry, (Mrs. George F. Rein- hardt), B.L. University of California 1898. Miss Henry received her Doctor's degree in 1905. In 1909 she married Dr. George F. Reinhardt, Professor of Hygiene in the University of California. Professor Reinhardt died in 19 14, and Mrs. Reinhardt became University Extension Lecturer in the University of California. She also kept up a number of outside activities. She was a member of the Town and Gown Club of Berkeley, of the Pry- tanean and English Club of the University of California, a chapter regent of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and a life member of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae. In 1916 Mrs. Reinhardt was appointed to her present oflSce, the Presidency of Mills College, Oakland, California. Her dissertation, entitled " Epiccene, or. The Silent Woman, by Ben Jonson," edited with Introduction, Notes, and Glossary, was published in 1906, as Yale Studies in English, No. 31. She has also published " Responsibility of the High School for American Ideals," National Educational Association, 191 7. Margaret Button Kellum, B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1892. Miss Kellum received her Doctor's degree in 1905. In 1915 she was Law Librarian in Brooklyn. No reply, however, has been received from a series of letters addressed to her at 163 Joralemon Street, Brookl)m, New York, her last recorded ad- dress. Her dissertation, entitled "The Language of the Northum- brian Gloss to the Gospel of St. Luke," was published in 1906, as Yale Studies in English, No. 30. Mary Elizabeth MacLean, Ph.B. University of California 1889. Miss MacLean received her Doctor's degree in 1905. In 1908 she did educational work in Baroda, India. Since 19 13 Miss MacLean has been abroad, but is expected to return to Ithaca this fall. Her dissertation is entitled "The Jeremy Collier Contro- versy." Her permanent address is The Greycourt, Ithaca, New York. Marian Dickinson Campbell (Mrs. Alfred H. Terry), B.A. Radcliffe College 1899. Miss Campbell received her Doctor's degree in 1907, and in the same year married Alfred Howe Terry, Yale 1898. Her dissertation is entitled "A Variorum Text of the Satires of John Donne, together with Some Account of the Manuscript, 34 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL and Explanatory Notes and Illustrations from the Literature of the Period." Her present address is Penfield Lane, Fairfield, Connecticut. Mable Electa Buland (Mrs. George N. Camp- bell), B.A. University of Washington 1904, M.A. 1908. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1909, Miss Buland became Professor of English at the University of Puget Sound for the year 1909-1910. During 1910-1911 she was Instructor in English at Whitman College. On October 7, 191 1, she married George Norman Campbell. In 1915-1916 Mrs. Campbell was City Superintendent of Schools in Kalama, Washington. Her son,, George Buland, was born February 8, 19 17. Her dissertation, " The Presentation of Time in the Eliza- bethan Drama," was published in 19 12, as Yale Studies in Eng- lish, No. 44. Her present address is Kalama, Washington. Josephine May Burnham, Ph.B. University of Chicago 1 901. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 10, Miss Burnham was for three years Instructor in English at Wellesley College. In 1913 she was promoted to Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Composition. In 19 15 she left Wellesley to accept her present position, that of Assistant Professor of English at the University of Kansas. Her dissertation, entitled "Concessive Constructions in Old English Prose," was published in 191 1, as Yale Studies in Eng- lish, No. 39. Elizabeth Whittlesey Cleaveland, Ph.B. Uni- versity of Chicago 1902. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 10, Miss Cleaveland has been teacher of English in the New Haven High School. Her dissertation was published in 191 1, as Yale Studies in English, No. 43, under the title "A Study of Tindale's Genesis Compared with the Genesis of Coverdale and of the Authorized Version." In 1916 Miss Cleaveland published "Future Auxiliaries in English." Elizabeth Merrill (Mrs. Albert S. Cook), B.A. University of Cincinnati 1900, M.A. 1905. Miss Merrill received her Doctor's degree in 1910. 35 YALE UNIVERSITY On June 7, 191 1, she married Professor Albert S. Cook of Yale University. Her dissertation, "The Dialogue in English Literature," was published in 191 1, as Yale Studies in English, No. 42. Her present address is 219 Bishop Street, New Haven, Connecticut. Mary Winslow Smyth, B.L. Smith College 1895, M.A. 1905. Miss Smyth received her Doctor's degree in 1910. From December, 1919, to March, 1920, she was examiner in the United States Employment Service. Her dissertation, entitled "Biblical Quotations in Middle English Literature before 1350," was published in 191 1, as Yale Studies in English, No. 41. Her present address is 54 Trumbull Street, New Haven, Connecticut. Alice Maud Barbour, B.S. Wellesley College 1893, M.A. George Washington University 19 10. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1913, Miss Barbour became Instructor of Collegiate English and Supervisor of Publications at Mary Baldwin Seminary, Staunton, Virginia, where she remained until 1916. Since 191 7 she has held her present position of Instructor in English at Smith College. Her dissertation is entitled "Sir Thomas North, an Eliza- bethan Translator : A Study of his Translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives from the French Version of Jacques Amyot." Emma Curtiss Tucker^ B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1896. After receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 13, Miss Tucker was Dean of Women and Assistant Professor of English at Olivet College for one year. In 1915 she went to Goucher College as Instructor in English. In 191 7 she was promoted to Assistant Professor. Her dissertation, " The Later Version of the Wycliffite Epistle to the Romans, Compared with the Latin Original : A Study of Wycliffite English," was published in 1914, as Yale Studies in English, No. 49. Rose Abel (Mrs. Albert B. Wright), B.A. Uni- versity of Kansas 1901. Miss Abel completed her residence work for the Doctor's de- gree in 19 10, and received her degree in 19 14. 36 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL In 1912 she married Albert Byard Wright. She has one child. Her dissertation entitled "The Political Play of the Restora- tion," was published by A. E. Veatch, Montesano, Washington, in 1916. Her present address is 811 North M Street, Aberdeen, Wash- ington. Eleanor N. Adams, B.A. University of Cincinnati 1902, M.A. 1904. Miss Adams received her Doctor's degree in 1914. In 1915 she was called as Professor of English to Oxford College for Women, Oxford, Ohio, and since 1918 has filled the office of President of that institution. Her dissertation, entitled "Old English Scholarship in Eng- land from 1566 to 1800," was issued in 1916, as Yale Studies in English, No. 55. Florence May Snell, Ph.B. Oberlin College 1893, M.A. 1898. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 14, Miss Snell has been Professor of English Literature and head of the depart- ment of English at Huguenot University College (University of South Africa). She has also been a member of the Univer- sity Council of the University of South Africa. Her dissertation, "A Tale of a Tub, by Ben Jonson," edited with Introduction, Notes, and Glossary, was published in 1915, by Longmans, Green & Company, London, England. Mary Emma Wadlington, B.A. University of Mississippi 1902. Miss Wadlington received her Doctor's degree in 19 14. Since 1916 she has been head of the department of English in the National City High School in National City, California. Her dissertation is entitled " Mrs. Frances Sheridan, Her Life and Works ; Including a Study of Her Influence on Richard Brinsley Sheridan's Plays, and an Edition of Her Comedy, The Discovery." Marjorie Latta Barstow (Mrs. Sydney Green- bie), B.A. Cornell University 191 2. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1916, Miss Barstow taught for a year at the Connecticut College for Women, New London. From 191 7 to 1919 she was Director of Pageantry for the Methodist Centenary Committee. On May 24, 1919, she married Sydney -Greenbie. They have one son, Barstow Greenbie. 37 YALE UNIVERSITY During the year 1919-1920 Mrs. Greenbie has been Associate Editor of the World Outlook. Her dissertation, entitled "The Development of Wordsworth's Poetic Diction before 1800," was printed in 191 7 by the Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company, New Haven. She has also published a series of travel sketches : "Carranza's Mexico," in the Yale Review; "The World is Hers," in the Green Book; and "Chinese Versions of English Classics," in The Bookman. Her present address is 146 Riverside Drive, New York City, Alice Edna Gipson, B.A. University of Idaho 1905. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1916, Miss Gipson has taught English at the New Haven High School. Her dissertation, "John Home — His Life and Works," was published in 191 7 by the Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho. Her present address is 102 York Square, New Haven, Connecticut. Caroline Mabel Goad, B.A. University of Toronto 1899, M.A. 1902. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1916, Miss Goad be- came Instructor in English at Wells College, Aurora, New York. Since 19 18 she has been Associate Professor in the same department. Her dissertation, entitled " Horace in the English Literature of the Eighteenth Century," was published in 1918, as Yale Studies in English, No. 58. Ella Pardee Warner, Ph.B. Wesleyan University 1906, M.S. 1907. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 16, Miss Warner has taught English at the Hillhouse High School, New Haven. Her dissertation is entitled "A History of Walt Whitman's Reception in the British Isles." Her present address is 914 Dixwell Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut. Clara Frances Mc Intyre, B.A. Radcliffe College 1900, M.A. Columbia University 1911. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1918, Miss Mc Intyre has been Associate Professor of English at the University of Wyoming. Her dissertation, entitled "Ann Radcliffe in Relation to Her Time," is soon to be published in the Yale Studies in English. 38 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL She has also written articles, published in Poet Lore, Modern Language Publications, and the English Journal, and has pub- lished several short stories. Mary Megie Belden, B.A. Oberlin College 1903. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1919, Miss Belden became Professor of English at Lake Erie College, Painesville, Ohio. Her dissertation is entitled "The Dramatic Work of Samuel Foote." MASTERS OF ARTS Jessie Marium Kelly, B.A. Oberlin College 1899, M.A. 1905. Upon receiving her Master's degree in 191 7, Miss Kelly be- came Instructor in English at Tsing Hua College, Peking, China. Her Master's essay is entitled " Thackeray's Plots." Margaret Evelyn Curtis, B.L. Mills College 191 7. Miss Curtis received her Master's degree in 1919. She is now teacher of English and Physical Director of the Dawson County High School, Glendive, Montana. Her Master's essay is entitled "A Study of the Plots and Con- struction of Jane Austen's Novels." She has also written "The Sea Urchin," published in the Argus Magazine, and "Cinderella a la Mode," which appeared in Young's Magazine. 39 History CHARLES McLean ANDREWS THE facts regarding women's work in the Grad- uate Department of Yale University are now a matter of record covering twenty- five years. During that time twelve women have received the Doctor's degree in History. Of these, five have printed their dissertations and one more will soon do the same. One has died, two have married and retired from ac- tive interest in the subject. Eight have taught history in school or college, and six are continuing to do so. To sum up, two of the twelve are investigators, four more are teachers, and the remaining six have with- drawn from all connection with historical work, the one who has died having done so some years before her death. This record does not differ materially from that furnished by other institutions or from that of Bryn Mawr College, where I taught grad- uate students for eighteen years. With this evidence before us, it is not unreason- able to conclude that the majority of women, whose interest lies in the historical field, should be urged to attempt no more than one or two years of grad- uate study, for the purpose of familiarizing them- selves with graduate methods and the handling of historical materials. The M.A. degree, for which two years are required, is a sufBcient qualification for those who have no other aim than to teach, and it should be so recognized by colleges, preparatory schools, and school superintendents. On the other hand, those with special aptitude and enthusiasm, 40 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL who are possessed of a fixed determination to make investigation a part of their life-work and have proved themselves competent to do so, may well be encouraged and aided to go on to the Doctor's degree. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Sara Bulkley Rogers, B.A. Columbia University 1889, M.A. Cornell University 1891. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1894, Miss Rogers spent a year at Oxford, and several years thereafter in Germany, France, and Italy. For five years she studied the public records of Brooklyn and New York for facts bearing on the "Arrears Act" of 1882. Her dissertation is entitled "The Rise of Civil Government and Federation in Early New England." She also published the following: "Life's Way," 1897; and " Ezra Hardman, and Other Stories," 1900. Miss Rogers died in 1907. Maria Louise Greene, B.A. Vassar College 1891, M.Pd. New York University 1909. Miss Greene received her Doctor's degree in 1895. During the year 1909-1910 she was Investigator on School Gardens fbr the Russell Sage Foundation. In 1910 she began her work as Super- visor of School Gardens, acting in that capacity for Trinity Church, New Haven, in 1910-1911; for the New Haven Orphan Asylum from 191 1 to 1914; also for the New Haven Civic Fed- eration in 19 14, and for the New Rochelle Board of Education and the New Rochelle Branch of the National Plant, Flower, and Fruit Guild from 1912 to 1914. From 191 1 to 1915 she worked at the Mystic Oral School for the Deaf. Her dissertation, under the title "The Development of Re- ligious Liberty in Connecticut," was published in 1905 by Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston. She has also published "The Palatines as Founders and Patriots," 1904; "Among School Gardens," Russell Sage Foundation Publications, 1910; and various magazine articles. Her present address is 25 Clift Street, Mystic, Connecticut. Sarah Margaret Sherrick, Ph.B. Otterbein Uni- versity 1889. Miss Sherrick received her Doctor's degree in 1896. Since 41 . YALE UNIVERSITY 1903 she has been Professor of English Literature at Otterbein College, Westerville, Ohio. Her dissertation is entitled "The Despotism of Richard II." Agnes Hunt, B.A. Smith College 1897. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1900, Miss Hunt taught for three years as Instructor in the College for Women at Western Reserve University. During the year 1903- 1904 she was Instructor, and in 1904- 1905 Associate Professor, at Wells College, Aurora, New York. In 1906 she went to Smith College as an Instructor, where she was Associate Professor of History from 1910 to 1919. Her dissertation was published in 1904 by the Press of Winn & Judson, Cleveland, under the title " The Provincial Com- mittees of Safety of the American Revolution." Her present address is 263 North Bay Street, Manchester, New Hampshire. Mary Cornwall Hewitt (Mrs. Sydney K. Mitch- ell), B.A. Smith College 1897. Miss Hewitt received her Doctor's degree in 1901. From 1906 to 1909 she was head of the department of History at Lake Erie College, Painesville, Ohio. In 1909 she married Sydney K. Mitchell, Ph.D. Yale Uni- versity 1907, now Professor of History at Yale. They have one son, John Hewitt Mitchell. Her dissertation is entitled "The Political Philosophy of the American Revolution." Her present address is 273 Norton Street, New Haven, Con- necticut. Jessie May Law, B.A. University of Nebraska 1894. After receiving her Doctor's degree in 1901, Miss Law was head of the History department of the New Britain High School for three years. Since 1904 she has held the same posi- tion in the Central High School at Springfield, Massachusetts. Her dissertation is entitled "Cromwell's Major Generals." Her present address is 26 Greenleaf Street, Springfield, Massa- chusetts. Lucy Elizabeth Textor, Ph.B. University of Michigan 1894, M.A. Leland Stanford Junior University 1895. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1904, Miss Textor taught History at the Hillhouse High School, New Haven, 42 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL for one year. In 1905 she went as Instructor to Vassar College, where she was promoted to Assistant Professor in 19 13, and to her present position of Associate Professor in 1915. Her dissertation, "A Colony of Emigres in Canada, 1798- 1816," was published in 1905, as University of Toronto Studies, History and Economics, Vol. 3, No. i. Her Master's essay, "The Official Relations Between the Sioux Indians and the United States," was published in the Leland Stanford Junior University publications. Annie Heloise Abel, B.A. Kansas University 1898, M.A. 1900. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1905, Miss Abel has held the following academic positions : Wells College, Instructor in History during the year 1905- 1966 ; Woman's College of Balti- more, now known as Goucher College, 1906-1908, Instructor in History; 1908-1914, Associate Professor, and 1914-1915, Pro- fessor and head of department of American History. In 1915 she went to Smith as Associate Professor of History, becoming Pro- fessor of History there in 1916. Her extra-curriculum activities include the Presidency of the Maryland Branch of the College Equal Suffrage League from 1913 to 1915. Her dissertation was published in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association in 1906, under the title "The History of Events Resulting in Indian Consolidation West of the Mississippi," and was awarded the Justin Winsor Prize. Further than that she has published the following: "Indian Reservations in Kansas and the Extinguishment of Their Titles," Kan. Hist. Colls., 1905 ; "Proposals for an Indian State in the Union, 1778- 1878." Annual Report, Amer. Hist. Assoc, 1907; "Brief Guide to Points of Historical Interest in Balti- more City," 1908; "The Indians in the Civil War," Amer. Hist. Review, 1910 ; "A New Lewis-and-Clark Map," Geographical Review, 1916; and "Slave-Holding Indians," Vols. I and II, published in Cleveland in 1915 and 1918. Ethel Zivley Rather (Mrs. Ernest J. Villavaso), B.A. University of Texas 1902, M.A. 1903. Miss Rather received her Doctor's degree in 1908. During the year 191 1- 19 12 she was Director of Women's Religious Work at Columbia University. In 19 1 5 she married Ernest Joseph Villavaso, Professor in the University of Texas. They have one son, Ernest Joseph Villavaso, Jr., born in 1918. Her dissertation, entitled " Recognition of the Republic of Texas by the United States," was published in 1910 in The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. Her present address is 3105 Duval Street, Austin, Texas. 43 YALE UNIVERSITY Helen Louise Young, B.A. Cornell University 1900. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 10, Miss Young was Instructor at Hunter College of the City of New York for five years. In 191 5 she was promoted to an Assistant Professorship, and in 1918 to an Associate Professorship in the department of History in the same college. Her dissertation is entitled "A Study of the Constitutional Convention of New York State in 182 1." Bessie Dean Cooper, Ph.B. Cornell University 1897. Miss Cooper received her Doctor's degree in 191 1. Her work has been at Hunter College of the City of New York, where she is now Assistant Professor of History. Her dissertation is entitled " France under Richelieu, Seen from the English Embassy." Mary Gertrude Young, B.A. Cornell University 1898, M.A. University of Wisconsin 1908. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1914, Miss Young be- came Professor of History and Economics at Oxford College, Oxford, Ohio, where she has been until the present year. In 1920 she began editorial and research work in History in the Bureau of National Literature, New York City. Her dissertation is entitled " Management of the Whig Party under Sir Robert Walpole, 1715-1742." Viola Florence Barnes, B.M. University of Ne- braska 1906, B.A. 1909, M.A. 1 9 10. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1919, Miss Barnes accepted her present position of Instructor in History at Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts. Her dissertation, entitled " The Andros Administration in New England," is soon to be published. MASTER OF ARTS Helen Herron Taft, B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1915. Upon receiving her Master's degree in 191 7, Miss Taft be- came Dean of Bryn Mawr College. During the year 1919-1920 she has been Acting President of the College. Her essay is entitled "British Policy toward Australia, 1768- 1823." She has published various articles in periodicals. 44 Social and Political Science CLIVE DAY THE records of the Department of Social and Political Science have on their rolls the names of but three women who have carried to completion their graduate work. Certain considerations explain to my mind the extraordinarily small proportion of women among the students of the department in the past, and give reason to believe that the number of women students will increase greatly in the future. The subject has been one which in the world of practical affairs used to be restricted, both in public and in private life, almost altogether to men. The spread of woman suffrage indicates a fundamental change in the situation as regards public interests. The vote for women has become the rule. The hold- ing of office by women is no longer exceptional. On the contrary, there is a growing recognition of the importance of obtaining in some branches of ad- ministration, notably in education and in the varied activities of the work for social welfare, contribu- tions which women are even better qualified to make than men. In the world of business and the professions there has been a movement in the same direction, which in recent years has been even more marked in its rate of progress. The demand for trained experts has been insistent, and sex has been no bar to anyone qualified for the work. Higher education has proved its value in practical affairs, and the woman who has the knowledge guaranteed by the possession of the 45 YALE UNIVERSITY Doctor's degree, whether in sociology, in economics, or in politics, need no longer fear the competition of men graduated from the business college. The number of women pursuing advanced studies in the department of Social and Political Science has increased greatly in the state universities of the West, and will increase at Yale as the binding force of old traditions grows less, and the opportunities offered here to women in this field are better ap- preciated. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Mary Graham, Ph.B. Wesleyan University 1889. Miss Graham received her Doctor's degree in 1895. Her dissertation is entitled "The Relations between Educa- tion and Poverty." Her present address is care of the Secretary of Yale Uni- versity. Kate Holladay Claghorn, B.A. Bryn Mawr Col- lege 1892. Miss Claghorn received her Doctor's degree in 1896. From 1898 to 1900 she acted as Secretary-Treasurer of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae. From 1900 to 1901 she was Expert in the United States Industrial Commission, and in 1901-1902 was re- search worker for the Economic Year Book. In 1902 she worked in the Division of Methods and Results, United States Census ; in 1902-1906 she was Assistant Registrar, and in 1906-1912, Registrar, of the Tenement House Department of New York City. Since 1912 she has been head of the Research Department of the New York School of Social Work. Her dissertation is entitled " Law, Nature, and Convention : A Study in Political Theory." She has also written "Juvenile Delinquency in Rural New York," issued as Children's Bureau Publication, No. 32. Sarah Scovill Whittelsey (Mrs. Percy T. Wal- den), B.A. Radcliffe College 1894. Miss Whittelsey received her Doctor's degree in 1898. During the year 1902- 1903 she was Instructor in Economics at Welles- ley College. 46 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL In 1905 she married Percy T. Walden, Ph.D. Yale 1896, now Professor of Chemistry in the University. They have two children, Sarah Scovill, born in 1906, and Joseph Whittelsey, born in 191 1. Since 1914 Mrs. Walden has served on the New Haven Board of Education. Her dissertation was published in 1901, in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Supplement I, under the title " Massachusetts Labor Legislation : An His- torical and Critical Study." Her present address is 210 St. Ronan Street, New Haven, Connecticut. 47 Philosophy J Psychology and Education CHARLES MONTAGUE BAKEWELL WOMEN trained in philosophy and psycholo- gy have hitherto had to look almost exclu- sively to the women's colleges for professional em- ployment. That field is constantly widening, with the growth and the expansion of colleges for women. But new opportunities are now opening up in co- educational colleges and in the normal schools, which are more and more appointing women on their fac- ulties — a natural development in educational policy that is being accelerated by the increasing difficulty in filling the vacancies that occur with competently trained men of first-rate ability. The recent suc- cessful application of psychology, especially in the field of mental tests, in the army, in industry, in the schools, and in social welfare work, has created an unprecedented demand for trained psychologists, women as well as men. Education has this year been made a separate department in the Graduate School, and Professor Frank E. Spaulding, lately Superintendent of Schools of Cleveland, has been called to undertake its or- ganization. The work of teaching in the public schools of America is, and must remain, chiefly in the hands of women. Yale now offers graduate courses in school administration, in educational measurement and statistics, and in the problem of educationally exceptional children. The University 48 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Psycho-Clinic provides training in clinical and school psychology. There is an increasing demand for women experts and leaders in these various fields. Special facilities are also offered for the study of religious education. Miss Catherine T. Bryce has been appointed Assistant Professor to take charge of the work in elementary school education. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Anna Alice Cutler, B.A. Smith College 1885, M.A. 1889. Miss Cutler received her Doctor's degree in 1896. From 1897 to 1899 she was Instructor in English at Smith College. In 1899 she changed to the department of Philosophy, where she was Instructor until 1902, when she became Assistant Professor. Since 1905 she has been Professor of Philosophy. Her dissertation was published in Kantstudien, 2, in Ham- burg, 1898, under the title "The /Esthetical Factors in Kant's Theory of Knowledge." She has also written various book re- views for the Philosophical Revieiv. Theodate Louise Smith, B.A. Smith College 1882, M.A. 1884. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1896, Miss Smith taught for a year at the Mount Vernon Seminary. From 1902 to 1909 she was Research Assistant to President Hall at Clark University, working under a Carnegie and an Estahrook grant and spending several months in study at the University of Ber- lin. From 1909 until her death, Miss Smith was Lecturer and Librarian of the Children's Institute of Clark University, where she assembled a valuable collection of child welfare material. Her dissertation was published in 1896, in the American Journal of Psychology, under the title ''On Muscular Memory." Miss Smith died in 1914. Blanche Zehring, B.S. Ohio Wesleyan University 1890. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1897, Miss Zehring was for a year Professor of English Literature at Presbyterian College for Women at Columbia, South Carolina. From 1899 to 1903 she was Professor of Philosophy and the New Testament 49 YALE UNIVERSITY at the National Training School in Washington, D. C. The year 1903- 1 904 she devoted to study in European universities. From 1904 to 1914 she was Professor of Biblical Literature and Semitic History at Wells College, Aurora, New York. During the year 1909- 19 10 Miss Zehring was occupied in field work in Archse- ology in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece. Since 1914 she has combined lecturing and the business of agriculture. Her dissertation is entitled " The Dependence of the Concept of Duty on Faith in God." Her present address is 309 East Linden Avenue, Miamisburg, Ohio. Clara Maria Hitchcock^ Ph.B. University of Chi- cago 1897. Miss Hitchcock received her Doctor's degree in 1900. For twenty years she was Professor of Philosophy and Education at Lake Erie College, Painesville, Ohio. She retired in 191 7. Her dissertation was published by the Macmillan Company in 1903, under the title "The Psychology of Expectation," The Psychological Review, Monograph Supplements, No. 20. Her present address is 1923 East 71st Street, Cleveland, Ohio. Mary Kendrick Benedict, B.A. Vassar College 1897. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1903, Miss Benedict taught at the State Normal School in Warrensburg, Missouri, for three years. From 1906 to 1916 she was President of Sweet Briar College. In 1916 she entered Johns Hopkins Medical School, and re- ceived the M.D. degree in 1919. Since July, 1919, she has been an interne in Bellevue Hospital, New York City. Her dissertation is entitled "Thought and Being: a Study in Mr. Bradley's Metaphysics." Mary Isabel Park, B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1893. Miss Park received her Doctor's degree in 1904. In 1905 she was called to her present position, that of Dean of Women at Heidelberg University, in Tiffin, Ohio. She was also President of the 1890 Club of Tiffin, Ohio, dur- ing the years 1916-1918, and Secretary-Treasurer of Conference of Ohio College Presidents and Deans during 1916-1919. Her dissertation is entitled "A Study of the Philosophical Basis of Leibniz' Optimism." She has published occasional articles in newspapers and, in 191 1, an address, "What Shall a Woman Study in College?" 50 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Muriel Bacheler (Mrs. Edgar B. Dawkins), B.A. Wellesley College 191 2. Miss Bacheler received her Doctor's degree in 19 15, and was married the same year to Edgar Bennet Dawkins. They have two children: Thomas Hope, born in 1917, and Richard Bach- eler, born in 19 18. Her dissertation, entitled "Mysticism, an Epistemological Problem," was printed in 19 16 by the Tuttle, Morehouse & Tay- lor Company, New Haven, Connecticut. Her present address is 1224 Sixth Avenue, Fort Worth, Texas. Helen Eliza Whitney (Mrs. Allan G. Eraser), B.A. Wellesley College 191 3. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1917, Miss Whitney became Instructor in Psychology and Mathematics at St. Mary's College, Dallas, Texas, and in 1918-1919 she was also Assistant to the Dean. On January i, 1919, she married Allan Grant Eraser. Her dissertation is entitled "An Experimental Study of the Mechanism of the Aufgabe in Memory." Her present address is Regent, 2401 West 6th Street, Los Angeles, California. MASTER OF ARTS Maude Schultz Lytle (Mrs. W. Vernon Lytle), B.L. Bethany College, 191 5. Mrs. Lytle received her Master's degree in 1919. She has one daughter, Clare Eleanor Lytle, born in May, 1919. Her Master's essay is entitled "A Survey and Evaluation of Biblical Memory Work in Existing Curricula for the Sunday School." Her present address is Room 807, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts. 51 Mathematics ERNEST WILLIAM BROWN THE records of those alumnae who have taken the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in mathe- matics give evidence of good attainments. Not only have they been able to fill positions in various schools and colleges as teachers of mathematics, but they show that the training has been of value in other directions in which a knowledge of mathematics is less essential than the acquirement of facility to ap- ply mathematics and general knowledge to different lines of endeavor. The teaching profession is not overstocked with mathematicians, either men or women, and many good opportunities are open for them at the present time. With the increasing desire for thorough knowledge of the application of mathe- matics, there is coming also an increasing demand in scientific and industrial work for those who have the requisite knowledge. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Margaretta Palmer, B.A. Vassar College 1887. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1894, Miss Palmer returned to her work as Computer at the Yale University Ob- servatory, becoming Research Assistant in 1912. Since 1918 she has also been cataloguer at the Yale University Library. Her dissertation, entitled " Determination of the Orbit of the Comet 1847 VI," was published in 1893, in Transactions of the Astronomical Observatory of Yale University, i. She has also published: "Definitive Orbit of Comet 1786 D," Astronomical Journal, 1918; "Teachers' Notes on Our Book of Worship," Young Churchman Company, Milwaukee, 1914; " Teachers' Notes on the Church Catechism," Morehouse Pub- lishing Company, Milwaukee, 1918; and occasional short articles in astronomical journals and elsewhere. 52 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Charlotte Cynthia Barnum, B.A. Vassar College 1881. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1895, Miss Barnum acted for a year as Instructor in Mathematics at Carleton College. In 1898 she began her work as Actuarial Computer for the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, and for the Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia in 1900-1901. From 1901 to 1908 she was computer (on tides) for the Geodetic Survey, and from 1908 to 1913, editorial assistant in the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agri- culture. Since 1914 she has been acting as editor, proof-reader, and indexer of scholarly works, especially in sciences. Her thesis is entitled " Functions Having. Lines or Surfaces of Discontinuity." She has contributed to Astronomy, Astro- Physics, Scientific American Supplement, and other periodicals, in addition to work included in publications of Government Surveys, and collaboration in various other publications. Her present address is 523 West 121st Street, New York City. Elizabeth Street Dickerman, B.A. Smith College 1894. Miss Dickerman received her Doctor's degree in 1896. From that time until 1906, she was occupied with private teaching. During the year 1906-1907 she substituted as Professor of Mathematics at Western Reserve University. From 1907 to 1913 she taught Mathematics and Psychology at Ingleside School. From 1914 to 191 7 she was engaged in literary work, acting as Assistant to the Editor of the Yale Review in 1917. Since 1917 she has again been occupied with private teaching. Her dissertation is entitled "Curves of the First and Second Degree in x y z where x y z are Conies Having Two Points in Common." She has translated from the French of Theodore Botrel, "Songs of Brittany," 1915, and "Folk Songs of Brittany," 1918, published by the Four Seas Company, of Boston. Her present address is 140 Cottage Street, New Haven, Connecticut. Leona May Peirce, B.A. Smith College 1886, M.A. 1893. Miss Peirce received her Doctor's degree in 1899. Since 1908 she has been Treasurer of the L. M. Peirce Company, Spring- field, Massachusetts. From 1900 to 1902 she was President of the Western Massa- chusetts Branch of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae ; from 1905 to 1917 she was a member of the School Board of Springfield; from 1906 to 1908, President of the Springfield 53 YALE UNIVERSITY College Club; and from 1914 to 1918, President of the Western Massachusetts Branch of the Alumnae Association of Smith College. Her dissertation is entitled "On Chain-Differentiants of a Ternary Quantic." Her present address is 247 Union Street, Springfield, Massa- chusetts. Ruth Goulding Wood, B.L. Smith College 1898. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1901, Miss Wood was for a year an Instructor at Mount Holyoke College. In 1902 she returned to her Alma Mater, Smith College, where she has been Professor of Mathematics since 19 14. Her dissertation was published in 1901, in the Annals of Mathematics, series 2, under the title "Correlations of Space which Transform a Non-degenerate Quadric Surface into Itself." Helen Abbot Merrill, B.A. Wellesley College 1886. After receiving her Doctor's degree in 1903, Miss Merrill was Associate Professor at Wellesley College until 1915, when she was promoted to her present position of Professor of Mathe- matics. In 1906 she was elected to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Society. She has also acted as Associate Editor of the American Mathe- matical Monthly since 1916, and has been a member of the Council of the American Mathematical Society since 191 7. Her dissertation, entitled "On Solutions of Differential Equa- tions which Possess an Oscillation Theorem," was published in part in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 4, in 1903. She has also published, in collaboration with Clara E. Smith, Ph.D. Yale University 1904, "Selected Topics in College Alge- bra," in 1914, and "A First Course in Higher Algebra," in 191 7. Clara Eliza Smith, B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1902. Miss Smith received her Doctor's degree in 1904. In 1908 she began her teaching at Wellesley College as Instructor in Mathematics, being promoted to her present position of Asso- ciate Professor in 1914. During the year 1918-1919 she was Ex- change Professor at Goucher College. Her dissertation was published in part in 1907, in the Trans- actions of the American Mathematical Society, under the title "A Theorem of Abel and its Application to the Development of a Function in Terms of Bessel's Functions." 54 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL She has also published, in collaboration with Clara E. Smith, Ph.D. Yale University 1903 : " Selected Topics in College Alge- bra," Norwood Press, 19 14, and "A First Course in Higher Algebra," Macmillan Company, 191 7. EuPHEMiA Richardson Worthington, B.A. Wellesley College 1904. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1908, Miss Worthing- ton taught for a year at the Emma Willard School in Troy, New York. From 1909 to 1918 she was Instructor in Mathemat- ics at Wellesley College. During the year 1918-1919 she was Mathematical Assistant to the Engineer of the Gallaudet Air- craft Corporation, East Greenwich, Rhode Island. Her dissertation is entitled " Some Theorems on Surfaces." Her present address is 1460 North Chester Avenue, Pasadena, California. Mary Shore Walker (Mrs. Albert W. Hull), B.A. University of Missouri 1903, M.A. 1904. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1909, Miss Walker taught at the University of Missouri for two years as Instruc- tor in Mathematics. In 191 1 she married Albert Wallace Hull, Ph.D. Yale Uni- versity 1909. They have two children, Robert Wallace Hull, born in 1917, and Harriet Hull, born in 1919. Her dissertation is entitled "A Generalized Definition of an Improper Multiple Integral." Her present address is 106 Waverly Place, Schenectady, New York. Ida Barney, B.A. Smith College 1908. After receiving her Doctor's degree in 191 1, Miss Barney was Professor of Mathematics at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, for the year 1911-1912, From 1912 to 1917, she was In- structor in Mathematics at Smith College, In 19 17 she became Professor of Mathematics at Lake Erie College, Painesville, Ohio, In 1919 she changed to her present position, that of Pro- fessor of Mathematics at Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina, Her dissertation appeared in the American Journal of Mathe- matics in 19 14, under the title " Line and Surface Integrals." 55 Chemistry TREAT BALDWIN JOHNSON CHEMISTRY, in several of its branches, oflFers many attractive fields for specialization by women, and the Department of Chemistry is pre- pared to give assistance to women who are properly qualified, and encourages such students to register in the special advanced courses in Chemistry leading to the higher degrees. Of the various lines of activi- ty utilizing a knowledge of chemistry, the teaching profession probably stands first in importance, with its many opportunities for future work. Our women's colleges are today greatly in need of teachers well trained in the fundamentals of the natural sciences. In the industrial field women are also being ac- cepted for special lines of work in which, hitherto, men only have been sought. The enormous expan- sion brought about by the war has opened up many fields of work which hitherto have never attracted the attention of women. In the development of the sciences of photography, biochemistry and its re- lated branches, biology, and physiological chemis- try, a knowledge of organic and physical chemistry is essential. In all these fields well trained women will find opportunities for rendering assistance in the settlement of scientific and practical problems. Especially is this true also in the fields of sanitation and public health chemistry, of which the develop- ment is today but scarcely begun. Other fields of scientific activity, in which women who are well trained in chemistry will undoubtedly 56 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL be qualified to cooperate_, are those involving the application of the principals of analytical chemistry in such industries as those dealing with textiles, the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and drugs, and, finally, in the soap and essential oil industries, where a good knowledge of the chemistry of fats, oils, soaps, and perfumes is essential. We do not en- courage the training of women for any kind of in- dustrial or technical work in chemistry having to do with plant operation and production, or with opera- tions where a knowledge of engineering principles is necessary. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Charlotte Fitch Roberts, B.A. Wellesley College 1880. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1894, the first year in which the degree was awarded to women, Miss Roberts became Professor of Chemistry at her Alma Mater, Wellesley College, w^here she taught until her death, except for periods of study in European universities in 1899-1900, and 1905-1906. Her dissertation, entitled "The Development and Present Aspect of Stereochemistry," was published in 1896, by D. C. Heath & Company, Boston. Professor Gooch urged its publi- cation, saying, "There is nothing in English which covers simi- lar ground so broadly and so lucidly." Miss Roberts died in 19 17. Charlotte Fairbanks, B.A. Smith College 1894, M.D. Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania 1902. Miss Fairbanks received her Doctor's degree in 1896. In 1902 she was graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Penn- sylvania. In 1918-1919 she was Head Surgeon to Unit i, Ameri- can Women's Hospitals, Luzancy, France. In recognition of her services to France and especially to the x^ity of Luzancy she was made a "citizen of France" and awarded a gold medal by the mayor of that city. 57 YALE UNIVERSITY She is now a physician in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Her dissertation was published in part in the American Jour- nal of Science, in 1896, under the titles "The lodometric Esti- mation of Molybdic Acid," and "An lodometric Method for the Determination of Phosphorus in Iron." In 1897 translations appeared in Zeitschrift fiir Anorganische Chemie. Martha Austin (Mrs. Isaac K. Phelps), B.S. Smith College 1892, M.A. 1910. Miss Austin received her Doctor's degree in 1898. She married Isaac King Phelps, Ph.D. Yale University 1897, who is now Chemist in charge of the Food Control Laboratory of the Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of Agri- culture. Her dissertation was published in part in the American Jour- nal of Science, 4th series, in 1898, under the title " The Estima- tion of Manganese as the Sulphate and as the Oxide" ; "On the Condition of Oxidation of Manganese Precipitated by the Chlo- rate Process" ; "On the Estimation of Manganese Separated as the Carbonate" ; "On the Determination of Manganese as the Pyrophosphate." Translations in Zeitschrift fiir Anorganische Chemie, 1898. Her present address is 1410 M Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Dorothy Anna Hahn^ B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1899. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 1916, Miss Hahn has been Professor of Organic Chemistry at Mount Holyoke College. Her dissertation, entitled " The Reactions of Some Carboxyl Derivatives of Trimethylene," was published in 1916, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Other publications in the Journal of the American Chemical Society include: "Re- searches on Hydantoins," in collaboration with Treat B. John- son, 1917; "The Reduction of 4-Anesylhydantoin i-Acetic Acid and its Ethyl Ester," in collaboration with Pauline Burt, 1917; " The Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities," in collaboration with Arthur Comey, appeared in the press announcement in the cata- logue of books of Science, published by Macmillan Company ; and " The Theory of Organic Chemistry," by Dr. Ferdinand Henrich, translated and enlarged by Treat B. Johnson and Miss Hahn, is now in preparation for spring publication by Wiley & Sons. 58 Botany ALEXANDER WILLIAM EVANS IN the new Osborn Botanical Laboratory, which has now been in operation for about six years, the facilities are excellent for advanced work in mor- phology, ecology, and taxonomy. Through coopera- tion with the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, equally good opportunities are available in plant pathology, and it is hoped that the important field of plant physiology may soon be adequately encouraged in the University. The facilities of the Laboratory are well supplemented by the extensive representation of botanical books in the University Library, and by the full series of living plants in the grounds and greenhouse of the Yale Botanical Gar- den. Among the careers open to women who have carried on advanced work in botany, the profession of teaching offers, perhaps, the widest opportunities for further development and research. At the pres- ent time, well-trained and effective teachers are in great demand in the universities, colleges, and high schools, throughout the country, and this is true in a marked degree of teachers of botany and other nat- ural history subjects. The Department of Agriculture, also, is in con- stant need of women to investigate in its labora- tories problems of economic interest. Positions call- ing for this type of work are often demanding to be filled, not only in Washington, but in the various state agricultural experiment stations, and afford 59 YALE UNIVERSITY opportunities in a useful and important field to those who do not care to become teachers. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Kate Grace Barber (Mrs. A. L. Winton), B.S. Rhode Island State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts 1903. After receiving her Doctor's degree in 1906, Miss Barber acted as Chemist and Microscopist at the Connecticut Agricul- tural Experiment Station until 1907, when she became Micros- copist for the United States Department of Agriculture in the Bureau of Chemistry. In 191 1 she resigned, and on December 16, 191 1, was married to Andrew L. Winton, Ph.D. Yale Uni- versity 1904. They have one daughter, Mary Gorham Winton. Mrs. Winton's publications include her dissertation, published in the Botanical Gazette in 1909, under the title "Comparative Histology of Fruits and Seeds of Certain Species of Cucur- bitacese," and several articles in collaboration with Dr. Winton, published in the Botanical Gazette. Her present address is Wilton, Connecticut. Marion Graham Elkins, B.S.' Rhode Island State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts 1906. Miss Elkins received her Doctor's degree in 1912. From 1913 to 1915 she was Instructor in Biology at Randolph-Macon Woman's College. In the year 1917-1918 she was Professor of Natural Science at Oxford College for Women. Miss Elkins is at present connected with the United States Department of Agriculture, and is carrying on work in the Osborn Botanical Laboratory at Yale University under the di- rection of Dr. C. L. Shear and Dr. N. E. Stevens. Her dissertation, " The Maturation Phases in Smilax Her- bacea," was published in 19 14, in the Botanical Gazette. She has also published, in collaboration with Dr. G. R. Wieland, a paper, entitled "Cordaitean Wood from the Indiana Black Shale," in the American Journal of Science, Vol. 34, 19 14. 60 Zoology ROSS GRANVILLE HARRISON IN zoology and anatomy, women have distin- guished themselves by fine work, both in teaching and in research. The careers open to them, however, as to men, are limited principally to academic lines, though there are also good opportunities in experi- ment stations and other research institutions. In the Department of Zoology at Yale, women have long been welcome, and they have held posi- tions of Assistant, of Research Fellow, and of Lec- turer. While the number specializing in this subject here has been small up to the present, it is clearly increasing. To one who feels as I do about the place of women in the University, this foreword seems superfluous. They should be admitted to all positions on the same terms as men, and I look forward to the day when, in filling places, fitness, not sex, will be regarded as the deciding factor. Katharine Jeanette Bush. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 190 1 Miss Bush was associated with the Peabody Museum at Yale as Scientific As- sistant in the Department of Zoology, where she remained until 1913. P'rom 1910 to 1913 she was also a private secretary. She has assisted various professors in the publication of scientific works. She is a member of the American Society of Natural- ists, the American Society of Zoologists, the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, and the College Club of Hartford, Connect- icut. In addition to the numerous published scientific works on the classification of Mollusca which Miss Bush presented in candi- dacy for her degree, her dissertation, entitled " Tubicolous An- nelids of Tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific 61 YALE UNIVERSITY Ocean," was published in 1904, in Vol. XII, Harriman Alaska Expedition. Her present address is Farmington, Connecticut. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Margaret Morris (Mrs. Elmer Ray Hoskins), B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1908. Miss Morris received her Doctor's degree in 1916. In 191 7 she married Elmer Ray Hoskins, Assistant in Biology at Yale in 1915-1916, and in 1918 her daughter, Sarah Graham Hoskins, was born. During the year 1917-1918 she was Instructor in Anatomy at New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Mr. Hoskins died a few months ago, and Mrs. Hoskins has been asked to carry on, in part, his work in teaching and re- search at the University of Minnesota. Her dissertation, entitled "A Cytological Study of Artificial Parthenogenesis in Cumingia, was published in 191 7, in the Journal of Experimental Zoology. She has also published the following : " The Behavior of the Chromatin in Hybrids between Fundulus and Ctenolabrus," Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1914; "Further Experiments with Heat on the Eggs of Cumingia," Biological Bulletin, 1918; and "Thyroidectomy in Amphibia," in collaboration with Elmer R. Hoskins, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 19 19. Her present address is 25 Sidney Place, Minneapolis, Minne- sota. 62 Physiological Chemistry LAFAYETTE BENEDICT MENDEL TWENTY-FIVE years ago, the project of ad- mitting women to candidacy for the higher de- grees at Yale was regarded by more than one mem- ber of the Faculty as a venture of questionable advisability. Experience has been a good teacher. The subsequent records of the women who have at- tained a Master's degree or the Doctorate from this department have, in general, been creditable to the University. Most of them have taken, and still are taking, a commendable part in teaching and investi- gation in American Educational institutions, par- ticularly in the field of the science of nutrition. They have contributed to the sucessful development of the home economics movement in this country. Sucess usually silences doubt. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Alice Hopkins Albro (Mrs. Charles A. Barker), B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1890. Miss Albro received her degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1898. In 1901 she married Mr. Charles A. Barker. They had one son. Her dissertation, entitled "The Origin and Chemical Rela- tionship of Some Products of Proteolytic Cleavage," was pub- lished in 1898, in the American Journal of Physiology, i. Mrs. Barker died in 1904. Mary Davies Swartz (Mrs. Anton R. Rose), B.L. Denison University 1901, B.S. Columbia Univer- sity 1906. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1909, Miss Swartz be- came Assistant Professor of Household Arts, Teachers College, 63 YALE UNIVERSITY Columbia University, New York. Since 1918 she has been Asso- ciate Professor in the same department. In 1910 she married Anton Richard Rose, M.S. Yale Uni- versity 191 1. They have one child, Richard Collin Rose. From March, 1918, to February, 1919, Mrs. Rose was Deputy Director of the Bureau of Conservation, the Federal Food Board, and the New York State Food Commission in New York City. Her dissertation, entitled " Nutrition Investigations on the Carbohydrates of Lichens, Algae, and Related Substances," was published in 191 1, in Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 16. Her publications include : " Laboratory Handbook for Die- tetics," Macmillan Company, 1912 ; " Feeding the Family," Mac- millan Company, 1916; and "Everyday Foods in Wartime," Macmillan Company, 1918. Alice Frances Blood, B.S. Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology 1903. Miss Blood received her Doctor's degree in 1910, From that time her work has been in the School of Household Economics at Simmons College. She is now Professor of Dietetics and Di- rector of the School. Her dissertation was published in 1910, in the Journal of Bio- logical Chemistry, under the titles "Some Peculiarities of the Proteolytic Activity of Papain," and "The Erepsin of the Cabbage." Louise Stanley, B.S. University of Nashville 1903, B.Ed. University of Chicago 1906, M.A. Columbia University 1907. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 191 1, Miss Stanley became Assistant Professor at the University of Missouri. In 1913 she was promoted to Associate Professor, and in 1918 to her present position of Professor in that University. During the year 1918-1919 she was Federal Agent for Home Economics Education with the Federal Board for Vocational Education. Her dissertation is entitled " The Occurrence of Purine En- zymes in the Tissues of Invertebrates and Lower Vertebrates." Amy Louise Daniels, B.S. Columbia University 1906. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1912, Miss Daniels taught at the University of Wisconsin, where she became Pro- fessor in 1917. Since 1918 she has been Research Professor of Nutrition at the Child Welfare Research Station, State Uni- versity of Iowa, Iowa City. 64 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Her dissertation was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1912, under the title "The Behavior of Fat-soluble Dyes and Stained Fat in the Animal Organism." Further publications include : " The Influence of Lithium and Atophan on the Uric Acid Excretion of a Gouty Patient," Ar- chives of Internal Medicine, 1914; "The Relation of Uric Acid to Gouty Attacks," Archives of Internal Medicine, 1915 ; "The Nutritive Value of Boiled Milk," American Journal of Dis- eases of Children, 1916; "The Nutritive Value of the Soy Bean," Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1917; "The Role of the Inorganic Sulphate in Nutrition," Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1918; "Feeding Experiments with Peanuts," Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1918; "Influence of High Tempera- tures and Dilute Alkalies on the Anti-neuritic Properties of Foods," Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1919 ; "A Simple Method of Modifying the Fat Content of Milk for Infant Feed- ing," American Journal of Diseases of Children, 1919; and "The Role of the Anti-neuritic Vitamine in the Artificial Feed- ing of Infants," American Journal of Diseases of Children, 1919. Ruth Wheeler, B.A. Vassar College 1899. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 13, Miss Wheeler went to the University of Illinois, where she was Associate in Household Science. In 1918 she was called to Goucher College, where she is now Professor of Home Economics. She is also First Vice-President of the American Dietetics Association. Her dissertation, entitled " Nutrition Experiments with Mice," was published in 1913, under the title " Feeding Experiments with Mice," in the Journal of Experimental Zoology, I5- She has also published : " Infant Feeding," Journal of Home Economics, June, 1915; "Proteins in Growth," Scientific Month- ly, March, 1916; "Recent Contributions to the Foundations of Dietetics," Journal of Home Economics, November, 1915; "Storm," a poem, Harper's Weekly, January 9, 1915 ; "War and Dietetics," Journal of Home Economics, September, 1916; and " Home Economics in the Woman's College," Journal of Home Economics, September, 1919. LoTTA Jean Bogert, B.A. Cornell University 1910, Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 16, Miss Bogert be- came Research Assistant in Pathological Chemistry, and in 1918 Instructor in Experimental Medicine, in the Yale School of Medicine. Since 1919 she has been Professor of Food Economics and Nutrition at the Kansas State Agricultural College, Man- hattan, Kansas. Her dissertation, entitled "Studies in the Regulation of the Blood Volume in Normal and Nephritic Animals," was pub- lished in 1916, in the American Journal of Physiology. 65 YALE UNIVERSITY She has also published the following : "Alterations in the Out- put of Certain Urinary Constituents as Determined by Changes in the Character of the Diet," (with F. P. Underbill), Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1916, Vol. 27; "A Note on Modifica- tions of the Colorimetric Determination of Uric Acid in Urine and in Blood," Journal of Biological Chemistry, 191 7, Vol. 31 ; "The Uric Acid Content of Maternal and Fetal Blood," (with J. M. Slemons), Journal of Biological Chemistry, 191 7, Vol. 32; and "Urinary Excretion of Phosphates in the Rabbit," (with F. P. Underbill), Journal of Biological Chemistry, 19 18, Vol. 36. Louise Whitman Farnam, B.A. Vassar College 1912. upon receiving her degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1916, Miss P'arnam entered the Yale School of Medicine. In 1918 she became a student interne in the New Haven Hospital, and an interne in 19 19. Her dissertation is entitled "An Experimental Study of Di- etary Deficiencies in Guinea Pigs." Her present address is 43 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut. Sarah Elizabeth Judson, B.A. Vassar College 1903. Miss Judson received her Doctor's degree in 1916. Her dissertation, entitled "Changes in the Ash Content of the White Mouse in Relation to Diet and Growth," was reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Her most recent address is 123 Waverly Place, New York City. Louise McDanell (Mrs. Charles Albert Browne), B.S. University of Nashville 1902, B.A. Leland Stanford Junior University 1906, M.A. Columbia University 191 2. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 191 7, Miss McDanell was for a year Associate Professor of Home Economics at Goucher College. In 1918 she married Charles Albert Browne, Ph.D. Her dissertation, entitled " Studies in Carbohydrate Meta- bolism," was published in 191 7, in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, as seven papers, XIV-XX. Her present address is Apartment 4C, 15 Clark Street, Brook- lyn, New York. 66 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL Helen Bishop Thompson, B.S. Kansas State Agri- cultural College 1903, M.S. 1907, M.A. Columbia University 191 3- After receiving her Doctor's degree in 191 7, Miss Thompson was Professor of Nutrition and Dietetics at Connecticut College for Women until 1918, when she accepted her present position, that of Dean of the Division of Home Economics and Pro- fessor of Nutrition and Dietetics, at Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kansas. Her dissertation, "An Experimental Study of Alternating Growth and Suppression of Growth in the Albino Mouse, with Special Reference to the Economy of Food Consumption," was published in 1918, in the American Journal of Physiology. At the present time she has four manuscripts in preparation for publication. MASTERS OF SCIENCE Edna Louise Ferry^ B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1905. Miss Ferry was the first woman to receive a Master of Science degree from Yale. When she received that degree in 1913, she was on the staff of the Research Laboratory of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, where she remained until her death in October, 1919. Her essay, entitled " The Rate of Growth of the Albino Rat," was published in the Anatomical Record, Vol. VII, in 1913. She also wrote "The Value of Milk," first published as a Bulletin of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, later reprinted in various forms and translated into French ; "The Effect of Retardation of Growth upon the Breeding Period and Duration of Life of Rats," published in 19 17, in Science, Vol. XLV, in collaboration with Thomas B. Osborne and Lafayette B. Mendel; "A Method of Expressing Numeri- cally the Growth-Promoting Value of Proteins," published in 1919, in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. XXXVII, in collaboration with Thomas B. Osborne and Lafayette B. Men- del ; " Preparation of Protein Free from Water-Soluble Vita- mine," published in 1919, in the Journal of Biological Chem- istry, Vol. XXXIX, in collaboration with Thomas B. Osborne and Alfred J. Wakeman. Emma L. Wardell, B.A. Goucher College 1908. Upon receiving her Master of Science degree in 191 7, Miss Wardell did research work for a year as Pathological Chemist in the New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital. 67 YALE UNIVERSITY Since 1918 she has been doing work in nutrition as Associate in Home Economics at the University of Illinois. Her Master's essay, entitled "The Effect of Ingestion of Coffee, Tea, and Caffein on the Excretion of Uric Acid in Man," was published in 191 7, in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 68. She has also published the following: "Estimation of Chol- esterol in Blood," in collaboration with Ludwig Kast and V. C. Myers, Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, XV, i ; " Urea Content of the Blood," in col- laboration with Ludwig Kast, Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, XV, 95 ; "Colorimetric Estimation of Cholesterol in Blood with a Note on Estimation of Coprosterol in Feces," in collaboration with V. C. Myers, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 36 ; and " Remarks on the Concentration of Urea in Human Blood," in collaboration with Ludwig Kast, Archives of Internal Medicine, 22. 6d> Bacteriology and Public Health CHARLES-EDWARD AMORY WINSLOW THIS department offers to those desiring to spe- cialize in bacteriology, the degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy, and to those de- siring to specialize in public health, the Certificate in Public Health and the degrees of Doctor of Phil- osophy and Doctor of Public Health. The Certificate and all of the degrees except the Doctor of Public Health are open to college gradu- ates, the Doctorate in Public Health requiring a medical degree as a prerequisite. The opportunity for women in these fields is a wide one. On the laboratory side the demand for women bacteriologists to serve in state and city health departments and in private laboratories is constantly greater than the supply. The teaching of bacteriology and sanitary science in women's colleges is developing very rapidly and will furnish in the future attractive positions to many workers of the right type. In vital statistics there is also a pressing need for trained workers. And finally, for those whose interests lie in the direction of social reconstruction, there is an admirable opportunity for women with a basic training in sociology to specialize in public health and to utilize their abili- ties in various types of public and private health organizations, anti-tuberculosis societies, health cen- ters, and the like, as well as in the constructive work that is being undertaken by many industrial firms. 69 YALE UNIVERSITY MASTERS OF SCIENCE Frances Constance Stewart, B.A. Wellesley College 191 7. Upon receiving the degree of Master of Science in 1917, Miss Stewart became Assistant Bacteriologist in the Michigan State Department of Health. In August, 19 18, she accepted a simi- lar position in the New York State Department of Health, which she is still holding. Her essay, entitled "A Note on Petroff's Cultural Method for the Isolation of Tubercle Bacilli from Sputum and its Applica- tion to the Examination of Milk," was published in 19 17, in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 26. Her present address is 395 Madison Avenue, Albany, New York. Margaret Mc Conway Scoville, B.A. Smith Col- lege 191 7. Since receiving the degree of Master of Science in 1919, Miss Scoville has been Bacteriologist for the Tuberculosis League of Pittsburgh. Her essay, entitled " Bacterium Anatum, Nov. Spec, the Etiologic Factor in 'Keel' of Ducklings," was published in collaboration with Professor Leo F. Rettger, in March, 1920, in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 26. Her present address is Tuberculosis League, Bedford Avenue and Wandless Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. CERTIFICATE IN PUBLIC HEALTH Helen Robertson Gage (Mrs. Brownell Gage), M.D. Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1901. Dr. Gage received the first Certificate in Public Health granted by Yale University, in 1919. Although as wife of the Dean of the College of Yale in China, and mother of three children, her time is well occupied, she volunteers her services in the hospital at the College. Her essay is entitled "A History of Influenza Epidemics to 1889." Her address is Changsha, China. 70 Geology CHARLES SCHUCHERT THE Geological Department has prepared for graduation with the doctor's degree three wom- en : Mignon Talbot, Ruth S. Harvey (Mrs. Robert W. Jones), and Gladys M. Wrigley. Two of them were trained for the places they now hold, and the third had no difficulty in getting a teaching position. As students, women compare well with our men candidates for the higher degrees. As geology is primarily a field science, naturally women do not easily work into it from the stand- point of research in the field. On the other hand, as teachers in women's colleges and in normal and high schools, and as laboratory workers, drafts- men, and assistants in museums, many women will find opportunities for geological work. In the Gov- ernment survey and in some of the state surveys they are employed as paleontologists, statisticians, librarians, etc. As yet, women have not in numbers gone into geology and paleontology, but they are more and more entering into the study of these sciences in the universities, and, so far as one can see, although the field is a limited one, they are all finding places when they choose to adapt them- selves to the work demanded of them. DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY Mignon Talbot, B.A. Ohio State University 1892. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in- 1904, Miss Talbot was for three years Associate Professor of Geology at Mount Hol- 71 YALE UNIVERSITY yoke College. In 1907 she was promoted to her present position of Professor in that department. Her dissertation, published as " Revision of the New York Helderbergian Crinoids," appeared in the American Journal of Science, in 1905. She has also published the following: " Podokesaurus Hol- yokensis, a New Dinosaur from the Triassic of the Connecticut Valley," American Journal of Science, Vol. 31, June, 1911. Ruth Sawyer Harvey (Mrs. Robert W. Jones), B.A. University of Cincinnati 1905. Upon receiving her Doctor's degree in 1908, Miss Harvey taught Physical Geography, in the Philadelphia High School for Girls until 191 7. In 191 7 she married Robert W. Jones. Her dissertation is entitled " Drainage and Glaciation in the Central Housatonic Basin." She has also written several reviews. Her present address is 10 North Bonsall Avenue, Darby, Pennsylvania. Gladys Mary Wrigley, B.Sc. University College of Wales 1907. Since receiving her Doctor's degree in 19 17, Miss Wrigley has been Associate Editor in the American Geographical So- ciety of New York. Her dissertation, " Roads and Towns of the Central Andes," was published in 1917, 1918 and 1919, in the Geographical Review. Her present address is 421 West iiSth Street, New York City. 72 Appendix I WOMEN CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES IN 1920 Doctor of Philosophy Ruth B. Rowland, Ph.B. Syracuse University 1908, Ph.M. 1909. Zoology. Martha Richardson Jones, B.S. Peabody College 1915, M.A. 1915. Physiological Chemistry. IciE Gertrude Macy, B.S. University of Chicago 1916, M.A. University of Colorado 1918. Physiological Chemistry. Marjorie Hope Nicolson, B.A. University of Michi- gan 1914, M.A. 1918. English. Julia Bayles Baton, B.A. Smith College 1900, M.A. 1912. Botany. Master of Arts Pauline Goetzee Pulcifer, B.L. University of Cali- fornia 1903. History. Master of Science Mary Louisa Long, B.A. University of California 1916. Physiological Chemistry. Certificate in Public Health Dorothy Fitz Gerald Holland^ B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1918. Public Health. Myra May Hulst, B.A. Vassar College 1913. Public Health. 73 Appendix II WOMEN WHO HAVE RECEIVED HONORARY DEGREES FROM YALE UNIVERSITY Jane Addams, LL.D., (1910 M.A.) Mabel T. Boardman, LL.D., (1911 M.A.) Cecilia Beaux, N.A., LL.D., (1912 M.A.) President Mary E. Woolley, Litt.D., LL.D., (1914 M.A.) Katherine B. Davis, Ph.D., LL.D., (1915 M.A.) Appendix III FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS FOR WOMEN IN view of the rather general ignorance of the fact that Yale offers fellowships to women, it is interesting to note the number of awards to them in recent years. 1910-11 Fellows 4 Scholars 5 1911-12 4 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 6 5 5 11 9 8 8 8 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 7 6 12 8 7 7 1919-20 11 6 These awards have been both on general University- funds and on the following special foundations : 74 ALUMNAE GRADUATE SCHOOL The Susan Rhoda Cutler Fellowship, which was estab- lished in March, 1912, from a bequest of over eleven thousand dollars from Mrs. Frances E. Cutler, in memo- ry of her daughter. By the terms of the gift the income is used as a graduate fellowship for women. The Mary E. Ives Fellowship in Philosophy, which was established in February, 1908, by the gift of ten thousand dollars from Mrs. Mary E. Ives, of New Haven. The income is to be awarded annually to a woman gradu- ate of any college of good standing who has taken a Bachelor's degree with distinction. Appendix IV COLLEGES REPRESENTED BY TWO OR MORE YALE ALUMNAE IT is interesting to parallel column the number of wom- en graduates from other colleges who have taken a higher degree at Yale, with the number of Yale Doctors and Masters now on the faculties of those colleges. College Smith College Wellesley College Vassar College Mount Holyoke College Bryn Mawr College Cornell University University of Kansas Radcliffe College University of Chicago University of Cincinnati University of Nebraska Oberlin College Wesleyan University 75 Graduates 17 Yale Representatives on Faculty 7 women, 2 men 13 5 women, 1 man 11 4 women, 1 man 7 4 women 6 1 woman, 1 man 5 5 men 5 3 women, 3 men 4 4 6 men 3 3 2 men 3 4 men 3 4 men YALE UNIVERSITY College Graduates Yale Representatives Bethany College Rhode Island State College Washburn College University of California Columbia University Boston University University of Missouri Otterbein College Goucher College on Faculty 2 1 man 2 2 1 man 2 6 men 2 1 woman, 5 men 2 1 man 1 1 woman, 2 men 1 1 woman, 2 men 1 3 women, 2 men JOHN ADDISON PORTER PRIZE As this pamphlet goes to press, announcement is made that the John Addison Porter Prize, established in 1876 and offered annually for a work of scholarship in a liter- ary form, has been awarded to Miss Marjorie Hope Nic- olson. This is the first time that the award has been made to a woman. 76 Index Abbe, E. F. - 14 Cutler, A. E. 49 Abbott, E. C. 24 Abel, A. H. 43 Daniels, A. L. 64 Abel, R. 36 Dawkins, Mrs. E. B. Adams, E. N. 37 (Bacheler) 51 *Albro, A. H. 63 Dickerman, E. S. 53 *Aldrich, M. 16 Dickinson, Mrs. G . L. Allen, M. A. 16 (Lovewell) 29 Amberton, C. 23 *Dodge, L. P. 14 Austin, M. 58 Elkins, M. G. 60 Bacheler, M. 51 Emerson, S. A. 19 Bacon, S. A. 25 Barber, K. G. 60 Fairbanks, C. ^^ Barbour, A. L. 14 Farnam, L. W. 66 Barbour, A. M. *Barker, Mrs. C. A. (Albro) 36 63 Ferry, E. L. Foley, E. H. 67 Barlow, A. W. 20 Foster, Mrs. A. K. . (Foley) 00 Z2> Barnes, V. F. 44 Eraser, Mrs. A. G Barney, I. Barnum, C. C. 55 53 (Whitney) 51 Barstow, M. L. 37 Beggs, G. H. Belden, M. M. 14 Gaeckler, M. H. Gage, H. R. 17 70 Benedict, M. K. 50 Billings, A. H. 29 Blood, A. F. 64 Bogert, L. J. 65 Bolen, Mrs. W. (Thompson) 15 Bradshaw, M. R. 33 Gipson, A. E. Goad, C. M. Graham, M. Greenbie, Mrs. S. Greene, M. L. Grice, E. M. (Barstow) 38 38 46 Z1 41 20 Browne, Mrs. C. A. (McDanell) 66 Hahn, D. 58 Buland, M. E. 35 Hanscom, E. D. 27 Burnham, J. M. 35 Harris, E. I. 31 Bush, K. J. 61 Harris, M. A. Harvey, R. S. 28 72 Campbell, Mrs. G. N. Henry, A. I. 34 (Buland) 35 Hewitt, M. C. 42 Campbell, M. D. 34 Hitchcock, C. M. 50 Claghorn, K. H. 46 Hoskins, Mrs. E. R. Cleaveland, E. W. 35 (Morris) 62 Cole, E. E. 16 Hull, Mrs. A. W. (Walker) 55 Cook, Mrs. A. S. (Merrill) 35 Hunt, A. 42 Cooper, B. D. 44 Corbin, A. L. 25 Jones, Mrs. R. W . (Harvey) 72 Curtis, M. E. 39 Judson, S. E. 66 77 YALE UNIVERSITY Kellum, M. D. 34 Smith, C. E. 54 Kelly, J. M. 39 ♦Smith, T. L. 49 Kenny, Mrs. J. (Amberton) 23 Smyth, M. W. 36 Snell, F. M. 37 Law, J. M. 42 Stanley, L. 64 Lockwood, L. E. 29 Stewart, F. C. 70 Lovewell, B. E. 29 Swartz, M. D. 63 Lytle, M. S. 51 Sweeney, M. 32 McDanell, L. 66 Taft, H. H. 44 Mclntyre, C. F. 38 Talbot, M. 71 Mac Lean, M. E. 34 Terry, Mrs. A. H. Merrill, E. 35 (Campbell) 34 Merrill, H. A. 54 Tew, S. D. 14 Mitchell, Mrs. S. K. Textor, L. E. 42 (Hewitt) 42 Thompson, H. B. 67 Morris, Mrs. C. G. Thompson, M. 15 (Woodbridge) 31 Tucker, E. C. - 36 Morris, M. 62 Myers, I. T. 31 Villavaso, Mrs. E. J. (Rather) 43 Neuenschwander, E. 23 Wadlington, M. E. 37 Nye, I. 16 Walden, Mrs. P. T. (Whittelsey) 46 Palmer, E. S. 25 Walker, M. S. 55 *Palmer, E. H. 15 Warden, E. L. 67 Palmer, M. 52 Warner, E. P. 38 Park, M. I. 50 Welles, M. C. 15 Peirce, L. M. 53 Wheeler, R. 65 Phelps, Mrs. I. K. (Austin) 58 ♦White, C. L 30 Whitney, H. E. 51 ♦Randall, Mrs. H. (Sawtelle) 29 Whitney, M. P. 22 Rather, E. Z. 43 Whittelsey, S. S. 46 Reinhardt, Mrs. G. F. Winton, Mrs. A. L (Henry) 34 (Barber) 60 ♦Roberts, C. F. 57 Wood, R. G. 54 ♦Rogers, C. H. B. 22 Woodbridge, E. 31 ♦Rogers, S. B. 41 Worthington, E. R. 55 Rose, Mrs. A. R. (Swartz) 63 Wright, A. L 32 Wright, Mrs. A. B. (Abel) 36 ♦Sawtelle, A. E. 29 Wrigley, G. M. 72 ♦Scott, M. A. 28 Wylie, L. J. 28 Scoville, M. M. 70 Shackford, M. H. 32 Young, H. L. 44 Sheridan, S. S. 33 Young, M. G. 44 Sherrick, S. M. 41 Sherwood, M. P. 30 Zehring, B. 49 7S UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. V nMay54] F LD 21-100m-7,'52(A2528sl6)476 417944 ^^o UNIVEE^ITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY