:
 
 .
 
 ^O Cj 
 
 HEREFORD, 
 
 HEREFORDSHIRE, 
 
 AND THE WYE, 
 
 BY 
 
 D. R. CHAPMAN, 
 
 Librarian and Curator of Hereford Free Library and Museum. 
 WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY 
 
 ALFRED WATKINS. 
 
 HEREFORD: JAKEMAN AND CARVER.
 
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 I N putting this little work before the public, the writer 
 A begs to thank those gentlemen who have so kindly 
 assisted him in his task of endeavouring to make the 
 beauties of the County and City of Hereford more widely 
 known than they are at present, and especially to his friend, 
 Mr. Alfred Watkins, for the photographs from which the 
 illustrations have been taken, as well as his great assistance 
 in compiling the walks. 
 
 Free Library, Hereford.
 
 
 DEDICATION 
 
 To JAMES RANKIN, ESQ., MP., 
 
 Chief Steward ok the City of Hereford, and Founder 
 
 of the Hereford Free Library and Museum, 
 
 as a tribute to the many kindnesses the writer has 
 
 received at his hands. 

 
 CONTENTS 
 
 List ok Subscribers - - - vii. 
 
 Introductory i 
 
 Walks in Hereford - - 5 
 
 The Cathedral - - - 24 
 
 Picturesque Herefordshire 43 
 
 Walks in Herefordshire - - 57 
 
 Boating Si 
 
 Sporting Herefordshire - 91 
 
 Gei ilogical Rambles - - 101 
 
 Cycling - - 107 
 
 Iniikx - - - in 
 
 I I. LUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Hereford Cathedral, from Putson - - 24 
 
 A Hi in 1 ordshire ('•'! ia'.i. Home 44 
 
 Arrow Bridge, Eardisland - - 48 
 
 Whu-.lly - 54 
 
 \ I"... Morning, <'. 'kich 60 
 
 1 1 w Mill, I > WN roN 66 
 
 Wigmore ... 68 
 
 I .vi 11 Gate, Monningi in-on-Wve 82 
 
 .
 
 viii LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Birmingham Free Library. 
 
 Blackpool Free Library. 
 
 Blashill, Mr. T., 10, Old Jewry Chambers, London 
 
 Blinkhorn, Mr. T., St. Owen's Street. Hereford 
 
 Bodenham. Mr. F., Aylestone Hill, Hereford. 
 
 Bodenham, Mrs. F, Aylestone Hill, Hereford 
 
 Bosley. Mr. E. Iv, Castle Street, Hereford. 
 
 Bowell, Rev. W., Chandos House, Hereford. 
 
 Bowen, Mrs., Holmer Hall, Hereford. 
 
 Boycott, Mr. W., Aylestone Hill, Hereford. 
 
 Brace, Mr. L. J. K., Royal Botanic Gardens, Seebpore, Calcutta. 
 
 Brown, Mr. C. E., Widemarsh Street, Hereford. 
 
 Browne, Mr. H., Eastham, Tenbury. 
 
 Bull, Dr., St. John Street, Hereford. 
 
 Burgess, Rev. \V. J., Stretton Sugwas, Hereford. 
 
 Burlton, Mr. T. 1)., Eaton Hill, Leominster. 
 
 Burton, Rev. John R., Howies Rectory, Bewdley. 
 
 Butcher, Rev. S. J., Parsonage, West Hide, Hereford. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cambridge F'ree Library. 
 
 Capel, Rev. A. J., Montpelier House, South Bank, Hereford. 
 
 Carless, Mr. J., St. John Street, Hereford. 
 
 Carless, Messrs. F. & H., High Town, Hereford. 
 
 Cave, Rev. F. L., Humber House, Bloxham, Banbury. 
 
 Chapman, Dr., City and County Asylum, Hereford. 
 
 Chatfield, Rev. A. \V., Much Marcle, Dymoclc, Gloucester. 
 
 Clarke, Mr. W. C, Portland Villas, Hereford. 
 
 Clarke, Rev. W. S. 
 
 Clay, Rev. G. H., Aston Rectory, Ludlow. 
 
 Clive, Mrs., Perrystone. R.OSS.
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. IX. 
 
 Cock, Mr. B., Eign Street, Hereford. 
 
 Colborne, Mr. Langdon, Church Street, Hereford. 
 
 Colleson, Rev. G. V., Bacton, Hereford. 
 
 Colt-Williams, Mr. E. \V., Gate House, Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 
 Cooke, Mr. C. W. Radcliffe, Hellens, Much Marcle, Dymock. 
 
 Cooke, Mr. W. H, Q.C., Sufton Court, Hereford. 
 
 Cornewall, Rev. Sir G. H., Moccas, Hereford. 
 
 Cotterell, Sir Henry, Bart., Garnons, Hereford. 
 
 Cowtan, Capt., Exeter. 
 
 Croft, Sir Herbert, Bart., Lugwardine Court, Hereford. 
 
 Culwick, Mr. B., High Street, Hereford. 
 
 1). 
 Davies, Mr. J., Wood View, Broomy Hill, Hereford. 
 Davies, Mr. T. T., High Town, Hereford. 
 Davies, Mr. W., Carbon Villa, Holmer, Hereford. 
 Dean, The Hon and Very Rev., The Deanery, Hereford. 
 De Boinville, Mr. A. C, Hill Top, Dilwyn, Leominster, 
 de Winton, Capt., Graftonbury, Hereford. 
 Docking, Mr. J., Breinton House, Hereford. 
 Dodds, Mr. R. A., Fern Lodge, Hampton Road, Redland, 
 
 Bristol 
 Dolman, Rev. Canon, Broad Street, Hereford. 
 Duncombe, Rev. W. D. V., The College, Hereford. 
 Duncombe, Mr. A W. V., Brasenose College, Oxford. 
 
 E. 
 Edwards, Mr. Augustus C, High Town, Hereford. 
 Edwards, Mr. E. E., Fayre Oakes, White Cross, Hereford. 
 Elliot, Rev. \V., Brinsop, Hereford. 
 
 Ellis, Mr. W. H. J., National Provincial Bank, Broad Street, 
 Hereford
 
 X. LIST OF SURSCRIBKRS. 
 
 Evans, Mrs, Moreton Court, Hereford. 
 Evans, Rev. E. A., Holmer Vicarage, Hereford. 
 
 F. 
 
 Farr, Mr. C, Commercial Road, Hereford. 
 
 Foley, The Right Hon. Lady Emily, Stoke Edith Park, 
 
 Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 Foley, Mr. P. II., Prestwood, Stourbridge, Worcestershire. 
 Fortey, Mr. C, Ludlow. 
 Fowler, Mr. J. T. Owen, St. John Street, Hereford. 
 
 G. 
 
 George, Mr. E., Coningsby Street, Hereford. 
 Gilkes, Mr. M. D'Oyley, Infirmary, Hereford. 
 Goodwin, Mrs., Hampton Bishop, Hereford. 
 Green, Mr. R., The Whittern, Kington. 
 Green Dragon Hotel Co., Broad Street, Hereford. 
 Griffiths, Mr. R., Sycamore House, Hay. (2 copies.) 
 Guise, Mrs. Vernon, Lea Vicarage, Ross. 
 Guthrie, Miss, The Poole, Hereford. 
 
 H. 
 Hanbury, Mr. G. B., Castle Street, Hereford. 
 Hancocks, Mr. A. A, Camperdown House, Broomy Hill, 
 
 Hereford. 
 Hardwicke, Miss, Commercial Road, Hereford. 
 Hatton, Mr. A., Bridge Street, Hereford. 
 Havergal, Rev. Prebendary, Upton Bishop, Ross. 
 Haywood, Mr. W. M., Blakemere, Hereford. 
 Heins, Mr. N., Broad Street, Hereford. 
 Hereford, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, The Palace. 
 Hereford Free Library.
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XI. 
 
 Hewitt, Rev. C. A., Hope End, Ledbury. 
 
 Holloway, Rev. E. J., Clehonger, Hereford. 
 
 Holmes, Mr. V. W., Southfield, Leominster. 
 
 Hopton, Rev. M., Canon Frome, Hereford. 
 
 Horden, Mr. G., Hay. 
 
 Hotchkis, Mr. J., Llanstephan, Builth. 
 
 Hotham, Rev. F. H., Rushbury Rectory, Church Stretton. 
 
 Huckson, Mr. C. J., Portland Street, Hereford. 
 
 Hulme, Rev. \V., Brampton Abbotts, Ross. 
 
 Humfrys, Mr. W. J. ( Bridge Street, Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 
 Hunt, Mr., King Street, Hereford. 
 
 Hutchinson, Mr. A., Hagley Park, Hereford. 
 
 I. 
 Ipswich Museum. 
 
 J- 
 James, Mr. J. Gwynne, Aylestone Hill, Hereford. 
 James, Mr. F. R , Aylestone Hill, Hereford. 
 Jenkins, Mr., St. Owen's Street, Hereford. 
 Jones, Miss, Moorfields, Hereford. 
 Jones, Mr. Joseph, Broad Street, Hereford. 
 Jones, Mrs. S. J., Hampton Park, Hereford. 
 
 K. 
 Keay, Mr. R., Wye Terrace, Hereford. 
 Key, Mrs. H., Wilton House, Ross. 
 
 L. 
 La Touche, Rev. J. I >., Stokesay, Craven Arms, Salop. 
 Lambe, Mr. J., Bridge Street, Hereford. 
 Lawford, Mr. H., St. Kthelbert Street, Hereford. 
 Lea, Rev. Josiah T., Far Forest Parsonage, Rock, Bewdley.
 
 Xll. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Lee, Rev. J. \V., Brilley, Whitney, Herefordshire. 
 
 I.evason, Mr. A. G., Bridge Street, Hereford. 
 
 Lewis, Captain T, Freke, Abbey Dore Court, Hereford. 
 
 Lewis, Mr. R., Cedars, Hampton Park, Hereford. 
 
 Lewis, Mr. VV., St. Owen's Street, Hereford. 
 
 Llanwarne, Mr. I'., Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 
 Lomax, Rev. J. J., Breinton, Hereford. 
 
 M. 
 Machie, Mr. G. E., College Grounds, Malvern. 
 Manchester Free Library. 
 
 Martin, Mr. C. G., Gloucestershire Bank, Hereford. 
 Matthews, Mr., High Street, Hereford. 
 
 Matthews, Mr. J. J., Woodland House, Blakemere, Hereford. 
 McAdam, Mr. G. C, St. Owen's Street, Hereford. 
 Merrick, Mr. F. H., St. Owen's Street, Hereford. 
 Metcalfe, Rev. G. M., Lyde Vicarage, Hereford. 
 Moore, Mr. H. C, Broad Street, Hereford. 
 Morgan, Capt., R. E., Quarry House, Aylestone Hill, Hereford. 
 Morris, Mr. T., Ingestre Road, White Cross, Hereford. 
 Musgrave, Rev. Canon, Broad Street, Hereford. 
 Myer, Mr. Grenville, Commercial Street, Hereford. 
 
 N. 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne Free Library. (2 copies.) 
 
 O. 
 
 Oldham, Mrs., Hampton Bark, Hereford. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paris, Mr. T. C., Tupsley, Hereford. 
 Parry, Mrs., Broomy Hill, Hereford. 
 Partridge, Mr. C. A., Ludlow, (j copies.) 
 Pateshall, Mr. Evan, Allensmore Court, Hereford.
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XI11. 
 
 Payne, Mr. \V., High Street, Hereford. 
 
 Peploe, Major D. P., Garnstone Castle, Herefordshire. 
 
 Phillips, Mr. S. T., Wellington, Hereford. 
 
 Phillott, Rev. H. W., Staunton-on-Wye, Hereford. 
 
 Pilley, Mr. E., High Town, Hereford. 
 
 Pilley, Mr. \V., Eign Street, Hereford. 
 
 Poole, Rev. \V., Hentland, Ross. 
 
 Powell, Mr. L., Commercial Road, Hereford. 
 
 Powle, Mr. R., Ross. 
 
 Prince, Mrs., Beaufort Row, Clifton, Bristol. 
 
 Pulley, Mr. J., M.P., Lower Eaton, Hereford. (4 copies.) 
 
 Pulling, Mr. W. D., Castle Street, Hereford. 
 
 R. 
 Rankin, Mr. J., M.P., Bryngwyn, Hereford. 
 Raynall, Rev. P. W., Belmont, Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 Reid, Mr. R. T., M.P., Elvaston Place, South Kensington. 
 
 (2 copies.) 
 Reid, Mrs. R. T., ditto ditto (2 copies.) 
 
 Ridley, Rev. O. M., Bishopstone, Hereford. 
 Robertson, Mr. A., Castle Street, Hereford. 
 Robinson, Mr. E. G. L., Peterchurch, Hereford. 
 Robinson, Mr. W. H., Offindeans, Walsall. 
 Robinson, Mr. W. \V., King Street, Hereford. 
 Roper, Mr. H. J., Lorraine House, Hampton Park, Hereford. 
 Rushy, Rev. W E., Felton, Bromyard. 
 
 S. 
 Sandford, Rev. Holland, Eaton Rectory, Church Stretton. 
 Saxby, Mr. C. J., Leominster. (4 copies.) 
 Saye and Sele, Ven. The Archdeacon, The Lord, Hereford. 
 Scobell, Mrs. E. C, Daffaluke House, Ross.
 
 \l\ LIST i>h SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Seaton, Rev. D., Goodrich, Ross. 
 
 Seward, Mr., Cardiff. 
 
 Shackleton, Rev. T., Broomy Hill, Hereford. 
 
 Shaw, Mr. \\\, King Street, Hereford. 
 
 Shepherd, Rev. \V. R., l'reston-on-Wye, Hereford. 
 
 Slagg, Mr. C, Presteigne. 
 
 Smith, Mr. H., Hampton Park, Redland, Bristol. 
 
 Smith, Mr. T., A.C.A., Holmer, Hereford. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Wyndham, Aramstone, Ross. 
 
 Smith, Rev. T. T., Thruxtone, Hereford. 
 
 Spencer, Mr. P. Russell, Dover House, Hereford. 
 
 Spencer, Rev. G. L., Broomy Hill, Hereford. 
 
 Sprague & Co., Messrs., St. Martin's Lane, Cannon Street. 
 
 (2 copies.) 
 Stanhope, Rev. B. L. S., By ford, Hereford. 
 Stanhope, Sir H. S., Bart., Holme Lacy, Hereford. 
 Stead, Mr. AV., King Street, Hereford. 
 Stephens, Mr. Edwin, Widemarsh Street, Hereford. 
 St. John, Rev. H. R, Dinmore, Hereford. 
 Stokes, Miss, Nelson Road, Hereford. 
 Stoodley, Rev. T. A., County College, Hereford. 
 Stubbs, Miss, Penyard House, Ross. 
 Sudbury, Mr. J. W., Broad Street, Hereford 
 Symonds, Mr. J. !■'., Bridge Street, Hereford. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tatham, Rev. F. H., Cathedral School, Hereford. 
 Taunton, Mr. E. A., Vowchurch, Hereford. 
 Taylor, Mr. J., Threefall, Oxford. 
 Tedman, Rev. J., Much Birch, Ross. 
 Thomason, Mr. R., Dryhridge House, Hereford
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XV. 
 
 Thompson, Miss, St. Nicholas Square, Hereford. 
 
 Tilley, Mr. Luke, Ledbury. 
 
 Townsend, Mr. A., High Town, Hereford. 
 
 Townsend, Rev. J. H., Hope Vicarage, Leominster. 
 
 Treherne, Rev. C. A., The College, Hereford. 
 
 Tudor, Mr. C. W., Vine Villa, Ledbury Road, Hereford. 
 
 Tuite, Mr. J., Aylestone Hill, Hereford. 
 
 Turner, Mrs. T. C, The Fosse, Hereford. 
 
 Tweed, Rev. H., Bridstow Rectory, Ross. 
 
 V. 
 Vale, Mr. J., Church Street, Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 Vassar-Smith, Mr. R., Ashfield, Great Malvern. 
 Vevers, Mr H., St Owen's Street, Hereford. 
 Vevers, Mr. J. E., Varkhill, Hereford. 
 
 W. 
 
 Ware, Mr. J. H., Brasenose College, Oxford. 
 
 Ware, Rev. J. M., Ullingswick, Bromyard. 
 
 Watkins, Mr. A., Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 
 Watkins, Mr. C, sen., Hereford. 
 
 Watkins, Mr. C, Hereford. (2 copies.) 
 
 Watkins, Mr. H., Hereford. 
 
 Weare, Mrs., Hampton Bishop, Hereford. 
 
 Webb, Rev. T. W., Hardwick. Hay. 
 
 West, Rev. T., Fownhope, Hereford. 
 
 Whinfield, Mr., E. W., Severn Grange, Worcester. 
 
 White, Mr. J., Barton Street, Hereford. 
 
 Wliitefoord, Rev. Philip, Ledbury. 
 
 Willett, Mr. W. 1L, Castle Green, Hereford. 
 
 Williams, Mis-,, Broad Street, Hereford.
 
 XV'i. LIST OF SUBSCRIBKR.s. 
 
 Wood, Miss, Chaddesley, Bournemouth. 
 Wood, Mr. John H., Tarringlon, Ledbury. 
 Woods, Rev. Frank, All Saints' Vicarage, Hereford. 
 Woodhouse, Mr. J. G., Burghill Court, Hereford. 
 Woollam, Rev. J., Burton le Coggles Rectory, Grantham. 
 Woolley, Mr. G., Ludlow, (j copies.)
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 THE CITY OF HEREFORD, 
 
 THE City of Hereford occupies a pleasant and sheltered 
 situation on the banks of the Wye, being surrounded 
 on all but the West side by hills. Its ancient name 
 was Caerfawydd, the place of the beeches, but writers differ 
 considerably as to the etymology of its present name, the 
 most generally received opinion being, however, that it is 
 a corruption of " Henfordd" the old road or way. Standing 
 as it does on the borders of Wales, the old City has seen 
 many vicissitudes, from the time of the Ancient liritons, 
 when Offa had his Palace at Sutton, to its siege by the 
 Scotch Army in 1645. 
 
 Little is known of its history before the period of the 
 Conquest ; but from very early times it must have been a 
 place of some importance, for there was a Bishop of 
 
 A
 
 2 THK CITY OF HEREFORh. 
 
 Hereford in A.D. 542. and a Synod was held here A.I). 680. 
 The murder of Ethelhcrt at Sutton, about four miles from 
 the City, and the subsequent removal of his remains (to 
 which miraculous powers were ascribed) to the Cathedral, 
 attracted considerable attention to the City, and no doubt 
 had a great deal to do with its enlargement. It was here 
 that the treaty between Howell I >da and Athclstan was 
 signed, and it is probable that about this time the City was 
 walled in, as after this, frequent mention is made of repairing 
 the walls. The circumference of the walls, which contained 
 six gates, is stated by Inland to have been "a goode mile." 
 
 At this time it was no doubt a place of considerable 
 importance, since in A.I). 1052 an inroad of the Welsh was 
 opposed by the garrison, and the City preserved from 
 plunder; but three years afterwards, at another incursion, the 
 place was sacked, and the Cathedral burnt to the ground. 
 Harold, afterwards King of England, was sent by Edward 
 the Confessor to avenge this disaster. He suppressed the 
 rebellion, re-built the walls, and, it is supposed, built the 
 CastU-. 
 
 After the Norman Conquest the governorship of the 
 Castle was given into the hands of Richard Fitz-Osbom, the 
 builder of Richard's Castle: and, from the Domesday Book, 
 we learn that at that period, Hereford was governed by 
 a bailiff, and had only one hundred and three inhabitants 
 within and without the walls ; but this most probably was due 
 to the massacre and plunder by the Welsh above mentioned, 
 which is borne out by a statement, made further on, that 
 in the time of King Edward, the Bishop held ninety-eight 
 houses of him, but when Robert (Losinga) came to the
 
 THE CITY OF HEREFORD. 3 
 
 See he found but sixty. After the rebellion of the Lords 
 Marchers against Henry II. the Castle and City reverted 
 to the Crown, in whose hands it remained until the 
 Parliamentarian struggle. During the Barons' Wars, Prince 
 Edward, afterwards Edward I., was imprisoned in the 
 Castle, from which he escaped by the aid of the Lords 
 Mortimer and Clifford ; but in the Wars of the Roses the 
 place does not appear to have played any important part, 
 although doubtless the interest of the Mortimers here must 
 have created a strong feeling in favour of the Yorkists. 
 
 After the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, Owen Tudor and 
 nine officers of rank were put to death in the City. At the 
 Parliamentarian struggle, Hereford and its neighbourhood 
 declared for the King, but after a short siege surrendered to 
 Waller. He, after taking it, neglecting to garrison the City, 
 it was immediately occupied again by the Royalists, and 
 alter the Battle of Naseby sustained a second siege, by the 
 Scotch Army under the Earl of Leven, but was relieved 
 by the King. Soon afterwards the garrison was surprised 
 by the Parliamentarians under Col. Birch, and the Castle 
 demolished, only one very small portion being left standing ; 
 this is now incorporated in the greenkeeper's house, and the 
 
 r ward of the once-famed Castle forms an agreeable 
 i> imenade for the inhabitants of the City. 
 
 The civil history of the City is very interesting. Prom 
 time immemorial it was governed by a bailiff, with serjc.int- 
 at-mace, leather searchers and ale COtiners, who regulated the 
 assize of bread and beer, and held Courts within the City.* 
 
 *For a full description of this interesting matter, the reader is referred 
 
 to "Manners and Customs of Hereford," by the late Town Clerk, 
 
 R. Johnson, Esq.
 
 4 THE CITY Or HEREFORD. 
 
 The Bishop and Clergy also had a large share in the 
 civil government of Hereford, derived from the Bishop's Fee, 
 which formed nearly one half of the City, and in which he 
 exercised all lordship's rights, as well as the power of 
 transferring the markets, at certain periods of the year, to 
 places appointed by himself, and collecting the tolls for his 
 own use. Naturally, in this state of divided authority many 
 cases of dispute arose, which, however, always terminated in 
 the Bishop's favour; and, accordingly, we find in the various 
 charters granted to the City from time to time, until the 
 last one of William III., that the agreements made between 
 the Burgesses, and the Dean and Chapter and the Bishop, 
 are all confirmed. 
 
 The first charter of privileges granted to the citizens 
 was by Henry III., which was confirmed and enlarged in 
 subsequent reigns, until that of Richard II., when the name 
 of the chief magistrate was changed from bailiff to that of 
 Mayor. No further alteration took place until the passing of 
 the Municipal Reform Act of 1835, when the Corporation, 
 which then consisted of 31 members, was reduced to 24, 
 and the five wards of the City were resolved into three.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORD, 
 
 What's to do ? Shall we go see the reliqucs of this town ? 
 I am not weary, and it is long to-night, 
 I pray you let us satisfy our eyes with the memorials and 
 the things of fame, that do renown this city. 
 
 Twelfth Night. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 High Town— The Old House— Shirehall— St. Peter's Church— St. Giles' 
 and Williams' Hospitals — St. James' Church — Infirmary — Castle Green 
 —St. Ethelbert's Hospital— St. Ethelbert's Well— Quay Street- 
 Cathedral Close. 
 
 WE will suppose the visitor to commence his perambu- 
 lation from the centre of the High Town. The 
 first object to arrest his attention will be the Old 
 House, the only one left of a row, which formerly reached 
 from this spot to St. Peter's Church. It is a very fine 
 specimen of timber architecture, supposed to have been the
 
 6 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 
 
 work of John Abel, a celebrated Herefordshire architect and 
 builder, of James the First's time: but internal evidence 
 would seem to give an earlier date than this for its erection. 
 One of its upper chambers was formerly used as the Hall 
 of the Butchers' Company. The whole building had fallen 
 into a very dilapidated condition, but has recently been 
 judiciously restored. 
 
 Passing the Old House, and through St. Peter's Street, 
 he will see on his left hand the Shirehall, erected in 1815. 
 The building is in the Old Doric style, the portico being 
 copied from the Temple of Theseus at Athens, and contains, 
 besides the Criminal and Nisi Prius Courts, and other 
 rooms, a spacious Hall for County Meetings; the Evening 
 Concerts given at the Triennial Musical Festivals take 
 place here. The Hall has lately been decorated with fresco 
 and other paintings, by the hand of the late lamented 
 Lady Katharine Give, an amateur artist of great taste and 
 ability Besides these, it contains three very fine full length 
 portraits ; one by Deris, of George the Third, mounted on 
 a cream coloured horse ; one by Lonsdale, of Charles, 
 second Duke of Norfolk, who long resided at Holme Lacy, 
 about 5 miles from the City, and to whose munificence the 
 County is indebted for the greater part of its published 
 history; the third by Piekersgill, the Royal Academician, 
 of Sir J. G. Cottrell, who for many years represented 
 the County in Parliament; there is also a bust of Joseph 
 Bailey, Esq., M.P. for the County of Hereford from 1841 
 to 1850. Standing within the enclosure in front of the 
 building is a fine bronze statue, by Baron Marochetti, of 
 the late Sir George Cornewall Lewis. It is a little larger
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORD. J 
 
 than life size, and stands on a pedestal of unpolished gTanite, 
 which bears the following inscription : — 
 
 SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS, 
 
 A WISE AND HONEST STATESMAN, 
 
 A PROFOUND SCHOLAR, 
 
 A KIND AND FIRM FRIEND. 
 
 M.P. FOR THE COUNTY OF HEREFORD FROM 1847 TO 1852. 
 
 CHIEF STEWARD OF THE CITY. 
 
 CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER FROM 1855 TO 1858. 
 
 HOME SECRETARY FROM 1 859 TO i860. 
 
 SECRETARY OF WAR FROM i860 TO 1S63. 
 
 BORN 1806, DIED 1863. 
 
 Near the Shirehall stands St. Peter's Church, founded 
 in 1070 by Walter de Laci, at the same time that he founded 
 the Priory of St. Guthlac. After his death, which was 
 caused by his falling from the battlements of the Church, it 
 was given by his son Hugh to the Abbey of St. Peter, at 
 Gloucester. The building consists of a nave, chancel, and 
 two side aisles, with a tower terminating in a spire. The 
 aisles are separated from the nave by octagonal pillars 
 on the south, and clustered columns on the north side. 
 In the chancel are oak stalls, seven on each side, which 
 were erected for the use of the brethren of the Priory of 
 St. Guthlac. 
 
 Proceeding down St. Owen Street, a visit should be 
 paid to the Almshouses on the left-hand side, called respec- 
 tively St. Giles', and Williams' Hospitals. To the former 
 of these is attached a chapel, at the western gable of 
 which is a curious old Norman Tympanum. The visitor
 
 8 WALKS IN I HEREFORD. 
 
 should now turn to the right, opposite the Hospital Chapel, 
 along the new street leading to the pretty little modern 
 Church, built in 1869, and dedicated to St. James. The 
 living, together with that of St. Peter, is in the gift of 
 the Simeon Trustees. Passing the north side of St. James' 
 Church, the visitor will see the Hereford Infirmary, erected 
 in the year 1776; it is very pleasantly situated on the 
 banks of the Wye : the site was given by the Earl of 
 Oxford and Mortimer. 
 
 The Castle Green, which is close by, is the next object 
 of interest to the visitor. It is a beautiful public walk, 
 commanding extensive views of the Wye and surrounding 
 country. This Green was part of the site of Hereford 
 Castle, the only remains of which now existing, are the 
 moat on the north side, and a small piece of the wall, 
 built into the greenkeeper's house ; just at the end of the 
 moat, overgrown with ivy and creepers, is a little bit of 
 the old city wall. The Castle was built by Harold II., 
 and afterwards strengthened and enlarged by successive 
 Norman Earls and Governors. It consisted of two wards, 
 the western and the eastern. The western ward contained 
 the keep, described by Leland as " high and very strong, 
 having in the outer wall two semicircular towers, and one 
 great tower within ; " of which we now find no traces, the 
 mound on which it stood, the keep, and every vestige 
 of the wall having been removed, and the site occupied by 
 villa residences and gardens. In the eastern ward, which 
 forms the site of the present walks, was a Chapel, 
 dedicated to St. Cuthbert, also a gatehouse, a mill, and 
 two dwelling houses, none of which now remain. On
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORD. t) 
 
 the opposite side of the moat, with a garden running 
 pleasantly down to it, is St. Ethelbert's Hospital, founded 
 A.D. 1 220, by the Dean and Chapter of Hereford; the 
 present building was erected in 1805. In the centre of the 
 Castle Green, surrounded by pieces of artillery, said to have 
 been used by the Royalists of the City during the Parlia- 
 mentarian struggle, is a stone column erected in honour 
 of Lord Nelson, who was a freeman of the City. At the 
 western entrance to the Green is a well, known as St. 
 Ethelbert's Well, to which medicinal virtues are attributed. 
 Passing the well, the visitor walks along Quay Street, at 
 the termination of which, a few paces on his left, is the 
 Cathedral Close.
 
 No. II. 
 
 High Town — Commercial Street— Iiye Street — Commercial Road — 
 City and County Gaol — Coningsby Street — Coningsby Hospital — 
 Widemarsh Street. 
 
 {+ TARTING again from the High Town, and looking 
 j*\ towards the Old House, the visitor will keep on the 
 / ^"^ left hand side, where the first notable object is the 
 New Market Place. The central portion is devoted princi- 
 pally to stalls for the sale of poultry, dairy produce, &c, 
 and in no market in the kingdom are these things exhibited 
 in a more tempting manner, the Christmas exhibitions 
 being well worth a journey to see. Passing on through 
 the High Town, we come to Commercial Street, formerly 
 called Bye Street ; a corruption of Bishopsgate Street, so 
 called from the Bishop's Gate, or Byester's Gate as it was 
 more recently termed, an old city gate which formerly 
 stood near the end of the street. Just before the visitor 
 reaches Commercial Square, he will pass, on his left hand, 
 some Almshouses within iron railings. These were founded 
 about the year 1601, by Mr. Thomas Kerry, of Sherfield, 
 Kent, a native of Hereford, and were endowed by the 
 founder with houses and lands, which endowment has 
 since been augmented by a legacy of jQ 1,000 left by Mr. 
 Thomas Baker, of Hereford, A.D. 1788. They were re-built 
 by public subscription in 1825, for the accommodation of 
 an equal number of men and women. Just off Commercial
 
 WALKS IN HKREKORD. II 
 
 Square, which occupies the site of the Old Byester's Gate, 
 at the entrance of Union Street into that thoroughfare, the 
 visitor will see a building faced with Bath stone. This is 
 the Hereford Dispensary, originally founded in 1835, for 
 administering medical and surgical relief to the Poor of 
 the City. A few yards below this is Bath Street, in which 
 are situated the Steam Flour Mills, and the Public Baths, 
 both erected by the Hereford Society for Aiding the 
 Industrious. 
 
 At the end of Commercial Road, on the opposite 
 side, is the Hereford City and County Gaol. This was 
 built between the years 1792 to 1798, and occupies the 
 site where formerly stood the Priory of St. Guthlac. The 
 original founder of this religious house was Walter de 
 Laci, who, with his brother, accompanied the Norman 
 Conqueror to England. Upon the settlement of the 
 Normans after the battle of Hastings, he was sent into 
 this part of the country to assist in its subjugation. In 
 this he greatly distinguished himself, and was rewarded 
 for his services with grants of land situated in different 
 parts of the County, many of which bear his name to the 
 present day. As has been already stated, he built St. 
 Peter's Church, and was also a considerable benefactor 
 to the Abbey of St. Peter, at Gloucester, to which this 
 l'riory was attached.* Upon his death, he was succeeded 
 by his eldest son Hugh : but he, joining with others in 
 favour of Robert Curthose, was banished, and the estates 
 sequestrated and bestowed upon Hugh, his next brother, 
 whip gave St. Peter's Church with all appurtenances to 
 the Abbey of St. Peter, Gloucester. 
 
 • Dujjilalu's Mniiasticon, v. i, p. 537.
 
 II walks IN HEREFORD. 
 
 The Priory, according, to I.elaml, was a very fine 
 building, as he says " it is very pleasant and large, having 
 much land, spacious gardens and orchards, fine walkes, a 
 rivulet called Eigne, running under the walles, with stately 
 chambers and retirements.'' At the time of the taxation 
 by Pope Nicholas, for the Crusade under Edward I., its 
 valuation was stated to be ^55 9*. 2d. per annum : and 
 at the dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry Villi, 
 £,\2\ jj. 2}&d. per annum. After the dissolution, the 
 site, with the precinct and other lands belonging, was 
 conveyed into the hands of John ap Rice as tenant in 
 chief, upon the yearly payment of four shillings and six- 
 pence to the Crown, and was held by his descendants 
 until the beginning of the seventeenth century, when it 
 fell out of their hands, to return to them a little later on. 
 It remained with them till 1776, when it passed into the 
 possession of William Symonds, Esq., who sold it to the 
 County Authorities for the purpose to which it is now- 
 applied. 
 
 Turning back towards the City, the visitor will enter 
 Monkmoor Street, and then proceeding along Coningsby 
 Street, will reach Widemarsh Street, formerly called Wig- 
 more or Wigmoremarsh Street, probably from its having 
 been the main road to Wigmore, the ancient seat of 
 the Mortimers. As the entrance of Coningsby Street into 
 Widemarsh Street is neared, he will see on his right hand 
 some old ruins: they are the remains of the Black Friars' 
 Monastery, the entrance to which is through Coningsby's 
 Hospital, a few r yards down Widemarsh Street. The Monas- 
 tery was founded about the year 1276, by three Black Friars,
 
 WALKS IN HEKKFORD. I ;, 
 
 who erected a small oratory in the Portfields, somewhere 
 near the Byester's Gate, under the auspices of William 
 Cantilupe, brother to the Bishop of that name. A dispute 
 arose between them and the members of the Cathedral, 
 which resulted in their removal. Sir John Deinville gave 
 them a piece of land in the Widemarsh suburb, which was 
 supplemented by the Bishop (Cantilupe), who gave them 
 another piece adjoining. Here they commenced a Church 
 and Priory, but their patron, interfering in the Barons' wars 
 against Kdward II, was taken prisoner, beheaded, and 
 buried at Hereford, his body being interred somewhere 
 near the Cathedral Cross. This suspended the progress of 
 their work, and it was not until the following reign that the 
 buildings were completed, under the auspices of the King, 
 who, with his son the Black Prince, three Archbishops, a 
 Bishop, and the King's confessor, were present at the 
 ceremony. The last named died during the solemnities, 
 and was buried in the choir of the new Church. 
 
 The Friars soon acquired lands, and entered into 
 another controversy, this time with the Bishop. Disputing 
 his authority over them, the suit was carried before the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, who decided in their favour, 
 declared them subject only to the Apostolic See, and com- 
 manded the Bishop and his commissary to appeal before 
 him on the next day after the least of St. Fidus the Virgin ; 
 when they were probably reprimanded, and warned against 
 further interference. Several persons of eminence were 
 buried in the Church, the following being enumerated 
 by Leland: — William Beauchamp, Farl of Abergavenny, 
 and his wife; John Hastings, Earl Pembroke (whose body
 
 14 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 
 
 was afterwards removed to the Grey Friars, London, the 
 latter paying to the Black Friars ^ioo); Sir Nicholas Clare; 
 Sir John Hurley; and Henry Oldcastle. At the dissolution 
 of the Monasteries (no valuation is given) the site and all 
 the buildings were granted to John Scudamore, of Wilton, 
 and William Wygmore, of Shobdon; in Elizabeth's time the 
 property belonged to the Wynnes, from whom it passed into 
 the hands of the Coningsbys of Hampton Court. During 
 the latter part of the reign of James I., the Priory was used 
 as the townhouse of the Coningsbys, who, it is supposed, 
 built the small round tower. The remains now existing 
 have been thought to be those of the Prior's house, but 
 Mr. Cordon Hills, the eminent antiquarian, is of a different 
 opinion. He says, " The eastern side was the west wall of 
 the Cloister, which extended to the spot where the tower 
 stands, and there joined the Church, the centre of the 
 Church coinciding with the walk which now leads to the 
 Cross."* The Church has entirely disappeared, though 
 possibly careful search might reveal its foundations, and 
 beyond the fact that it had a spire, nothing is known of 
 its architecture. The Preaching Cross is in the form of a 
 hexagon, open on each side, and surrounded by a flight of 
 six steps. The shaft branching out forms the roof, which 
 has an embattled parapet, and passing through terminates 
 in a cross. The structure had fallen into a very dilapidated 
 state, but was restored in 1865, under the superintendence 
 of Mr. Scott. Several engravings of the Cross at different 
 periods are extant. 
 
 The Coningsby Hospital was formerly a small building 
 and chapel belonging to the Knight's Templars, who had 
 
 * Journal British Archreological Association, 1871, p. 172.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 1 5 
 
 preceptories at Dinmore and Garway ; but according to 
 Leland it was "a hospital of St. John, some time an house 
 of Templars, now an almshouse, with a chapel." On the 
 expulsion of the Order from England, it passed into the 
 possession of the Crown, but was restored to the Knights 
 during the succeeding reign. In Elizabeth's reign it was a 
 second time taken from them, and granted to Robert Freke 
 and John Walker, from whom it was purchased by the 
 Coningsbys. In 1614 Sir Thomas Coningsby began the 
 foundation of the Almshouses for " two of the most valued 
 characters in society (although generally the most neglected), 
 the worn out soldier and superannuated faithful servant," 
 the old hospital of St. John furnishing the site, and the 
 adjoining ruins of the Black Friars the materials for the 
 building. The previous occupation of the site by the Hos- 
 pitallers is noted by the deed of Sir Thomas Coningsby 
 giving the hospital, in which he says, " being seized in fee, 
 " of houses, lands and parcels of the commandry, which 
 " were the inheritance of those Knights of St. John, of 
 
 " Jerusalem the said Sir Thomas ordained and 
 
 "constituted that all that quadrangle or square building of 
 " stone should be and remain a hospital for ever, under 
 " the name of Coningsby's Company of Old Servitors, in 
 "the suburbs of the City of Hereford." The apartments in 
 the Hospital consist of one room on the ground floor, and 
 two upstairs, for each inmate. The house on the south side 
 with the Norman arch over the doorway, supported by 
 circular columns, is supposed to have formed the original 
 entrance to the Hall of the Knights Templars. The Hos- 
 pital is governed by the senior resident, who is known as
 
 16 WALKS IN HKKEFORD. 
 
 Corporal Coningsby, under the control of the owner of 
 Hampton Court, who is always styled "The Commander," 
 and in whom all matters of appeal and patronage are vested. 
 
 Returning towards the City, the street leading from 
 Widemarsh Street, opposite Coningsby Street, is called Black- 
 friars' Street ; it leads to the north gate of the Cattle Market, 
 which was established in 1856, under the City Improvement 
 Act, and occupies a space of four acres. Proceeding on- 
 wards we conic to the intersection of Blue School and 
 New-market Streets with Widemarsh Street. At this spot 
 stood the Old Widemarsh Gate, with a moat and drawbridge 
 in front, the former of which was not completely filled in 
 until 1854. The house on the left, next but one to Blue 
 School Street, is the Gate House, a very fine old timber 
 edifice of the Tudor period, the exterior of which has recently 
 been restored by its present occupier, E. W. Colt-Williams, 
 Esq., H.M. Inspector of Schools for the district ; it contains 
 some very fine old oak wainscoting and carving. A few 
 doors higher up on the same side, is a large building in the 
 Italian style, surmounted with a statue of Urania; this is 
 the Hereford Ladies' College, which was erected by a Limited 
 Company in i860, and contains accommodation for about 60 
 boarders. A little beyond this we arrive at Maylord Street, 
 — so called from John Maylord, who was Mayor of Hereford 
 four times, from 1560 to 1574, — in which are situated the 
 Offices of the Hereford Times, said to be the largest pro- 
 vincial paper in England. The present proprietor, Alderman 
 Anthony, established it in 1832, and has shown great 
 judgment and liberality in its management.
 
 No. III. 
 
 High Town— High Street— All Saints' Church— Eign Street— Wall Street 
 — Eign Gate — Congregationat Chapel — Hereford, May, and Brecon 
 Railway— Price's and Lingen's Hospitals — Lazarus Hospital — White- 
 cross Kennels — King's Acre. 
 
 TAKING the High Town again as a starting point, the 
 visitor will proceed due west through High Street. 
 Walking a few yards, he will arrive at Broad Street, 
 and immediately opposite, on his right hand, will see the 
 Church dedicated to All Saints. The date of the erection 
 of this Church is somewhat uncertain; from its appearance 
 it should be about the latter part of the fourteenth century. 
 It was attached to the Hospital of St. Anthony of Vienna, 
 li\ gift from Henry III. During the wars which ensued later 
 on with France, it was seized by the Crown as being the 
 property of aliens; finally it was granted to the Dean and 
 Chapter of Windsor, in whose hands the living still remains. 
 The building consists of Nave, Chancel, and two side 
 Aisles; in the Chancel are the oak stalls formerly used by 
 the Brethren of St. Anthony, and in the Vestry is a Library 
 of chained books, left by Dr. Brewster as the foundation 
 of a Parish Library. 
 
 Passing down Eign Street, the visitor will see, at the 
 end of the street on his right hand, a large brick building 
 in an unfinished state. It was intended for a Skating Rink 
 and Theatre, but is now used as a warehouse for a brewery 
 
 H
 
 l8 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 
 
 in Bewell Street (a corruption of By-the-Wall Street), which 
 is the narrow street running to the right of it (as the visitor 
 faces the building), parallel with Eign Street. The narrow 
 street on the western side of the building is Wall Street, in 
 which some remains of the City Wall are to be seen. When 
 the visitor arrives at this spot he is standing on the site of 
 the old Eign Gate of the City. On the left is the Maiden- 
 head Inn, with a narrow passage by the side of it, whose 
 name (Gunner's Lane) brings to recollection the siege of 
 Hereford. 
 
 A few yards forward on the left hand is Victoria Street, 
 which runs upon the site of the old City Moat ; here several 
 portions of the old wall may still be seen. Opposite this 
 is Edgar Street, leading to Widemarsh Common. A few- 
 yards beyond Edgar Street, on the same side of the way, 
 is the Eignbrook Congregational Chapel, established by Mr. 
 George Frimrose, at the ejection of the Non-conformists in 
 1662. The present building was erected in 1872, and has 
 sittings for 400 persons. Passing this we arrive at the bridge 
 over the Hereford, Hay, and Brecon Railway, the station of 
 which stands a few yards to the left. The whole of the goods 
 and mineral traffic from South Wales to the Midland and 
 Northern Counties, passes through here. 
 
 Opposite the Railway Station are the Scudamore Schools, 
 the entrance to which is from Friars' Street. These Schools 
 originated in a bequest of John, first Lord Scudamore, in 
 1 668, of ^400 as a perpetual stock, to be applied for the 
 employment of the poorer classes in the City. The money 
 was invested about 30 years after, in the name of the Bishop 
 and other Trustees, and had accumulated in 1763 to ^1,140.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 19 
 
 This was re-invested in three per cent, annuities, and pro- 
 duced ^1,340. Various sums of money were lent from 
 time to time for the purpose of establishing manufactories, 
 chiefly in woollen and leather fabrics, none of which however 
 proved successful. In 1840 the money had accumulated to 
 ;£6,ooo, and an Act of Parliament was procured for devoting 
 part of this sum to the erection and maintenance of schools, 
 as the next best method of carrying out the benevolent 
 wishes of the founder. The management is vested in a 
 Committee of Trustees, of whom the Bishop of Hereford 
 is chairman. 
 
 Crossing over the Railway Bridge, and proceeding a 
 few hundred yards along the Whitecross Road, or, as it is 
 sometimes called, the Above Eign, we come to a cluster 
 of Almshouses on the right hand side, the first of which, 
 1 'lire's Hospital, was founded in 1636 by Mr. Wm. Price, 
 for twelve poor men and a chaplain. It is endowed with 
 lands in Clodock, Much Mansel, and Leominster, and, 
 by the will of the founder, the inmates must have been 
 inhabitants of Hereford for seven years previous to their 
 election ; the management is in the hands of the City 
 Charity Trustees. Adjoining is Lingen's Hospital, founded 
 in 1709 by Mrs. Jane Shelley, daughter and heiress of 
 John I.ingen, Esq. It is endowed with a sum of ^30 per 
 annum, issuing from a rent-charge on lands in the Parish 
 of Marden. The original building was allowed to fall into 
 decay, and for some time the recipients of the charity were 
 allowed £5 each per annum at their own homes. The 
 present building was erected in 1S01. 
 
 After walking about ten minutes along the road between 
 clusters of semi-detached villas, the Whitecross is reached.
 
 20 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 
 
 During the prevalence of the plague in Hereford in 1347, 
 the markets were held here, and a few years after, Bishop 
 Charlton erected this cross ; but tradition varies as to what it 
 was intended to commemorate. According to some writers, 
 it was the plague, whilst others assert it was erected in 
 memory of Bishop Cantilupe, who, in walking from his 
 Palace at Sugwas to Hereford, heard, at about this spot, 
 the Cathedral bells ring of their own accord. Opposite the 
 Cross, on the left hand side of the road, are the Kennels 
 of the North Herefordshire Hounds; and about ten minutes' 
 walk further on, along the Hay road, are the celebrated 
 Rose Nurseries of Messrs. Cranston and Company.
 
 No. IV. 
 
 High Town — Broad Street — King Street — Bridge Street— Wye Bridge — 
 St Nicholas' Street —City Walls — St. Nicholas' Church — Barton — 
 Broomy Hill — Waterworks — Cemetery — Whitecross Street — Eign 
 Street. 
 
 Ati.MN starting from the High Town, the tourist 
 will proceed along High Street, and, taking the 
 turning to his left, will find himself in Broad 
 Street, certainly the most imposing thoroughfare in the City. 
 The large building at the corner, on the left hand, is the 
 Gloucestershire Banking Company's Office, and a little lower 
 down, on the same side of the way, are the imposing 
 looking Offices of the National Provincial Banking Company. 
 On the opposite side of the street is the Corn Exchange, 
 which was built in 1857, on the site of the old theatre. 
 Directly opposite this, having a bold Doric front, is the 
 Roman Catholic Church dedicated to S. Francis Xavier, 
 and, adjoining it, is the Post Office, which was formerly 
 at the house on the left hand side of the Cathedral gates. 
 The latter is now used as a bank. 
 
 Immediately opposite is the Free Library and Museum, 
 erected in 1874, chiefly through the munificence of James 
 Rankin, Esq., M.P. for Leominster, and Chief Steward of 
 the City: it contains a Reading Room, Museum Room, 
 Librarian's Apartments, and a room called the Woolhope 
 Club-room, in which the celebrated Field Club known by 
 that name holds its meetings. The Library consists of about 
 10,000 vols., and is divided into lending and reference
 
 22 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 
 
 libraries ; the books in the lending department are issued 
 to persons for perusal in their own homes ; those in the 
 reference library are only allowed to be used in the room. 
 The Library contains, besides a valuable collection of local, 
 topographical, and other books and MSS., a portrait of 
 Velters Comewall, Esq., sometime M.P. for the City, by 
 Gainsborough ; a portrait of the founder by Tbt/eedie, and 
 a portrait of Joseph Hume ; in the Museum is a good 
 collection of Silurian fossils and local birds, with some few 
 local antiquities. 
 
 Just beyond the Library, on the right hand, is King 
 Street ; the first turning on the left in King Street, is Bridge 
 Street, leading down to the Wye Bridge, from which, looking 
 up the river, a beautiful view is obtained, with the distant 
 range of the Black Mountains forming a background. The 
 bark ricks near the bridge, on the right bank of the river, 
 occupy the site of the old St. Martin's Church, demolished 
 by the Scotch Army during the Parliamentarian struggle. 
 
 Returning towards the City, at the foot of the bridge 
 on the right hand side is Gwynne Street, so called because 
 Nell Gwynne is said to have been born in one of the houses 
 on the right hand side of the street. The turning on the 
 left, at the top of Bridge Street, is St Nicholas' Street, 
 leading to St. Nicholas' Church, which was re-built here in 
 1842. On the bank of the river, and facing St. Nicholas' 
 Church, is a large brick building called the Friars, which 
 occupies the site of a Monastery of Grey Friars, from 
 which the neighbourhood took its name. From the road 
 leading from the Church to the Friars, a good view is 
 obtained of the remains of the old City Walls.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORD. 23 
 
 Proceeding along the Barton, and crossing the Railway 
 Bridge over the Abergavenny and Newport Railway, the 
 left hand road is taken, and after a few minutes' walk the 
 Waterworks are reached. The view from this spot is very 
 beautiful, embracing on the East, the Malvern and Woolhope 
 Hills ; on the South, the range running from Ross to Mon- 
 mouth, terminating in the Great Uoward ; on the West, 
 the fine range of the Black Mountains, to their abrupt 
 termination towards Hay ; and on the North, the bluff 
 point of Ladylift, with its pine trees on top, the Radnor- 
 shire Hills as a background, and the valley of the Wye 
 stretching from the observer's feet. It is a view which 
 should not on any account be missed. 
 
 Returning from the Waterworks, the traveller should 
 take the first turning on his left, and, on coming out into 
 the main road, turn to the left again, when in a few minutes 
 the Cemetery is reached ; passing through this, and coming 
 out at the lodge gate, he will follow the road into White- 
 cross Street, and from thence return along Eign Street to 
 the City.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Tl I E original Cathedral Church of Hereford was doubt- 
 less contemporary with the foundation of the See, the 
 date of which is lost in antiquity, but it is deemed 
 by Hcylin to be the most ancient Bishopric in England. 
 
 Archbishop Usher states that one of its bishops attended 
 a synod, which was held at Llandewibrefi in Cardiganshire, 
 during the year 544, and the first mention of the Cathedral 
 occurs about that time; for we learn that Geraint ap Erbin, 
 who died about the year 542, founded a church at Hereford, 
 or, as it was then termed, Caerffawydd. Although there 
 i-- no doubt that a Bishop of Hereford was present at a 
 conference held at Aust with St Augustine, yet no mention 
 is made of the Cathedral until the time of Offa, when that 
 l'rince — it is supposed — caused the body of Ethelbert, who 
 was murdered at his palace of Sutton, to be removed from 
 its first place of burial at Marden, to the Cathedral Church 
 of Hereford, which See he endowed with a considerable 
 quantity of land, in expiation of his crime. The Cathedral 
 at this time was, however, a very humble one, as a few
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 25 
 
 years later we read that Milfrid, King of Mercia, "moved by 
 the renown of the miracles wrought at Hereford by God, 
 for the sake of St. Ethelbert, sent abundance of money there, 
 and began from the foundation, and perfected a superior 
 church of stone." * 
 
 This church must have been destroyed in some manner, 
 as another chronicler, Simeon of Durham, copying from 
 Turgot, the second prior of that place, about noo, says 
 that Athelstan, Bishop of Hereford, died on the ioth of 
 February, 1056, and that his body was entombed in the 
 church he had constructed from the foundations ; he also 
 says that at the capture of the City by the Welsh and Irish, 
 under Griffith, Prince of Wales, " the great minster which 
 Athelstan, the venerable Bishop, caused to be built, they 
 plundered of relics and vestments." f The Chronicles of 
 Jervaux, and Roger de Hoveden, also state that the church 
 was burnt on this occasion. 
 
 It is not known whether the church built by Milfrid 
 gave place to the one by Athelstan, but both of them dis- 
 appeared from the scene, to make way for the present — the 
 fourth — Cathedral. Little seems to have been done towards 
 the re-building of the sacred edifice until after the Norman 
 Conquest, when William of Malmsbury relates that Robert 
 de Losinga, or Lotharingia, the first Bishop of Hereford 
 under the Norman Rule, A.D. 1079, built the church of 
 Hereford in a long round shape, in imitation of the basilica 
 of Aix-la-Chapelle. Little mention is made of it during the 
 lives of the next three or four Bishops, but in the troublous 
 and perilous times of Robert de Bethune, who ruled the See 
 
 • 1 bronlcles of Jervaux. t Saxon Chronicle.
 
 26 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 from 1131 to 1 148, we find William of Wycumbe, who 
 succeeded him as prior of Llanthony, relating that " he was 
 buried in his own mother church, which he with great 
 expense and solicitude completed." Since his death the 
 building has been little altered in extent, the South Tran- 
 sept, with the sacristy in the place of an aisle, having 
 undergone less alteration than any other part. The North 
 Transept contains but little of the old Norman work; the 
 Norman tower itself has vanished (with the exception of the 
 arches), and one of a later period taken its place. It is in 
 the Nave, however, that the building has undergone the 
 greatest alteration, owing to the fall of the western tower in 
 1 786 ; the main arches are still Norman, but the Triforium 
 and Clerestory are of very weak and poor design; they were 
 copied by YVyatt from those in the Choir. 
 
 It is to William de Vere, who was Bishop from 1186 
 to 1 198, that the most important additions are attributed, 
 the architecture of the whole of the South-East Transept 
 and Lady Chapel, shewing that they were included in 'i^ 
 plan. The Lady Chapel is one of the most perfect spe< i- 
 mens of the architecture of De Vere's time, embracing as 
 it does the pointed forms of that period, with the Chevrons 
 of the Norman style. The whole of the East end of the 
 Cathedral bears the impress of his design. This is evident 
 from its basement and construction, the bases of the pillars, 
 which were apparently designed for columnar shafts, the 
 doors leading to the Vicars' Cloister and Crypt, and the 
 string course below the North-East Transept. 
 
 Beneath the Lady Chapel is situated the Crypt, formerly 
 a Chapel dedicated to St. Anne, the mother of the Virgin
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 27 
 
 Mary, of the date of which we have no information. It 
 certainly must have been early, as traces of Norman or Saxon 
 work may be seen here and there. Mention is first made 
 of it in 1382, when a Chantry was founded in the Chapel 
 of St. Anne "beneath the shrine of St. Thomas."* 
 
 From the death of De Vere until the appointment of 
 1'eter de Aquablanca, little was done to the edifice; but to the 
 hitter is generally attributed the reconstruction of the North 
 Transept, from its similarity to work at Fountain's Abbey, 
 and in Durham Cathedral, which was executed about the 
 same time; also from the position of his tomb, which is so 
 beautifully fitted and placed in the wall, and so much in 
 character with the other part of the work, that it must have 
 been built in there before his death. That the tomb is really 
 that of Aquablanca there can be but little doubt, as Leland, 
 who saw the Cathedral in the reign of Henry VIIL before 
 anything had been disturbed, names it ; Symonds, Dingley, 
 and Gougk, too, afterwards speak of it as being in the same 
 place, where it is to this day. The best evidence of all, 
 perhaps, is that given by the late Dean Merewetlur, who says 
 that John de Aquablanca, Dean of Hereford, by his will, 
 dated 1 3 1 9, directed that he should lie buried near his uncle; 
 and, accordingly, there we find, side by side, the tomb of 
 a Bishop and a Dean. Between the death of Aquablanca, 
 and the accession of Swinfield to the See, A.D. 1287, the 
 work he had planned seemed to have steadily progressed, the 
 most notable addition, namely, the first bay of the beautiful 
 North Porch, probably taking place during the time of 
 Swinfield's friend and predecessor, St. Thomas de Cantilupe. 
 
 •Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford,
 
 28 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 That the Cathedral was then again becoming very much in 
 want of repair is known, because Peckham, Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, granted indulgences of seventy days to anyone 
 giving to it forty days' work. 
 
 After Swinfield's death, Adam de Orleton was made 
 Bishop, and he, with great energy, took steps to repair the 
 fabric then falling to ruin, and obtained a bull from John 
 XXII., granting the churches of Shinfield and Swallowfield 
 for the use of the fabric, upon which the Dean and Chapter 
 had already expended the large sum of twenty thousand 
 marks. It is generally considered that the North Transept 
 was included in this outlay, as the columns bear marks of 
 having been pushed over soon after their construction. That 
 the transept was not taken down its existence shows ; but 
 the work remaining also shows that the whole of the aisle 
 walls, and those of the South-East Transept, from the string 
 course upwards, were re-built, and they are of the middle 
 pointed style of that period. The South Transept was 
 probably not finished until Charlton's time, nearly one hun- 
 dred years later, when most likely the tower was completed, 
 and the whole building, in its general outline, had much the 
 same appearance that it now exhibits. Whether the spire, 
 which was of timber covered with lead, was then finished, 
 we have no means of determining; but probably it was, as 
 about this time Hugo, the priest of St Martin's, in this city, 
 covered the entire roof of the church with lead.* On the 
 burial of Bishop Trevenant in the South Transept, in 1404, 
 the whole of the end wall was taken down, and re-built 
 with his tomb in it, above the tomb being inserted the fine 
 
 *Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 29 
 
 perpendicular window ; this example was followed soon after- 
 wards, by the erection of a noble West window of six lights, 
 which was destroyed at the fall of the tower. With what 
 patience this work was pursued may be gathered from the 
 fact that Lochard, the pnecentor, who began it, died in 1438, 
 and it was not until 14S1 — 90, during the time of Dean 
 Chaundeler, that the stained glass was filled in.* John 
 Stanbury, Bishop of the Diocese, 1453 — 74, soon after built 
 the beautiful little Chapel in the North Aisle, which bears 
 his name. Bishop Audley, too, 1492 — 1502, " built a Chapel 
 from the foundations, hard by the shrine of St. Thomas 
 the Confessor, and in the same he founded a perpetual 
 Chantry." f It is of two stories, with a stone screen in front, 
 which partly fills the bay ; the upper portion probably was 
 designed for his own use, when he wished to offer his devo- 
 tions at the altar of the Virgin, and shrine of St. Thomas; 
 the lower portion no doubt being used as a chapel for saying 
 masses for the soul of the Bishop after his death. 
 
 Bishop Booth was the last prelate who made any great 
 addition to the edifice. In his time, the North Porch with 
 parvyse over, received the addition of an outer porch of 
 one bay. In the East buttress is a small doorway, and just 
 above this doorway, in the moulding, are two shields, one 
 bearing the Arms of Bishop Booth, and the other, those of 
 Bishop Mayo, between which is an inscription in relief, 
 "Anno Domini, IS J 9-" '1 n ' s doorway was long a puzzle to 
 antiquaries, but the difficulty seems to be satisfactorily sohn I. 
 Tlicie was a chapel outside the North Porch in the time 
 of Edward III., t probably situated between the projection 
 * Harl. MS. f Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford.
 
 3<D THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of the porch, and the transept, and this door must have 
 been left for access to it when the porch was built. The 
 Chapel has altogether disappeared, leaving no trace of its 
 existence. 
 
 With this necessarily brief outline of the history of the 
 fabric, the visitor is recommended to commence the exam 
 ination of the interior, at the North, or Bishop Booth's 
 Porch, and to keep always on the left side ; the objects of 
 interest will then be seen in the following order : 
 
 Tomb of Bishop Booth, 1535, who desired to be buried 
 near the north porch, and had the monument erected during 
 his life-time. Memorial Window (by Warrington) to the 
 memory of Canon Clutton, 1862. 
 
 NORTH TRANSEPT. 
 
 Monumental Brass to the memory of Elizabeth Bissell, 
 and Elizabeth Earrington, 1867. The door in the corner 
 leads to the tower and belfry. Magnificent Memorial Win- 
 dow to the late Archdeacon Freer, 1S64, (by Hardman). 
 Memorials of Bishops Westfaling, 1601, and Charlton, 1343. 
 Stone Coffin of the thirteenth century. Stained Glass 
 Window in memory of Captain Edward Kempson, 1870. 
 Three-light Window and Brass to the memory of Captain 
 Henry Arkwright, 1868. Window of three lights to the 
 memory of Rev. Samuel Clark, late Rector of Eaton Bishop, 
 and formerly principal of St. John's College, Battersea. 
 Shrine of Bishop Thomas de Cantilupe, 1282. This tomb 
 lias been carefully restored and removed from the eastern 
 wall to its present supposed original position. Tomb of 
 Bishop Eield, 1636. Tomb of John de Aquablanca, Dean, 
 1320.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 31 
 
 NORTH CHOIR AISLE. 
 
 Tomb of Bishop 1'eter de Aquablanca, 1268, the most 
 ancient of the episcopal effigies in the Cathedral, and the 
 most beautiful in design. Brass plate, in the pavement, to 
 the memory of Philips, the Herefordshire Poet, 170S. Effigy 
 of Bishop Mapcnore, 12 19. Door to the Library, which 
 contains many rare books and manuscripts. Tomb of Bishop 
 Clive, 1 1 19. Window and Brass to the memory of John 
 Hunt, organist of the Cathedral, 1842, and to his nephew, 
 James Hunt, who died of grief three days after him. Tomb 
 of Bishop Bennett, 1617. Tomb of Bishop Braose, 12 16. 
 Adjoining this, inside the Choir, is the Tomb of Bishop John 
 Stanbury, 1474, a fine work in alabaster. Brass plate affixed. 
 Bishop Stanbury's Chantry, 1470. The windows of this 
 beautiful little chapel form part of the Musgrave Memorial. 
 Tomb of Bishop Capclla, 1127. Monumental Window to 
 Ar< hbishop Musgrave (of York), i860. Tomb of Bishop 
 Reynelm, n 15. 
 
 NORTH-EAST TRANSEPT. 
 
 Note the base of the centre column and the remains 
 of mural decorations on the South wall. Incised Slab, sup- 
 posed to have been prepared by Sir John Devercux and his 
 lady, 1394. Effigies of unknown lay persons, fourteenth 
 century. Matrix of a Brass, fourteenth century, to an Ec- 
 clesiastic. Tomb of Bishop Richard de Swinfield, 1316. 
 Memorial Brass and Window to the Rev. John Goss, Custos 
 of the College of Vicars Choral, 1878. Brass to the Terry 
 family (by Hardman), 1861. Altar Tomb, unknown, ascribed 
 to Bishop Warton, 1557. Various fragments of early cof) 
 Fourteenth century Window, restored (by Warrington).
 
 32 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Tomb, supposed, from the effigy on it, to be that of a lay- 
 man. Memorial to Dean Dawes, who so greatly contributed 
 to the advancement of Elementary Education in this country, 
 1867. 
 
 LADV CHAPEL. 
 
 A most beautiful specimen of Early English architec- 
 ture. Will repay careful inspection. Entrance to the Crypt. 
 Brass to the memory of Dean Merewethcr, who died in 
 1850. Monument of Peter Baron de Grandisson, 1358. 
 Tomb of Johanna de Bohun, 1327. The Windows over the 
 Reredos were erected in 1852 (by Gibbs), as a public 
 memorial to the memory of Dean Merewether. Memorial 
 Windows on each side of the Chancel in memory of Canon 
 Morgan and family, who were connected with the Cathedral 
 for many years. Encaustic Tiles, fifteenth century. The 
 Audley Chapel, used as the sacristy of the Lady Chapel. 
 Two Windows of ancient glass, restored about 1850. Tomb 
 of Dean Borewe, 1462 ; the ornaments on the tomb, a boar, 
 with rue in his mouth, are a play upon the name (Borewe). 
 The remains of a mounted Brass to Canon de la Barr, 
 1386. 
 
 SOUTH-EAST TRANSEPT. 
 
 Tomb of Bishop Charlton, 1369, the builder of the 
 White Cross on the Hay Road. Monument to Bishop Coke, 
 1646, recently restored. Memorial Window to Bishop Hun- 
 tingford, given by Lord Saye and Sele, (Canon Residentiary 
 of the Cathedral) in 1863 (by Warrington.) Old stone 
 image of St. John the Baptist, fifteenth century. Slab with 
 bust of Mr. James Thomas, a citizen, who died 1 75 7. 
 Stone to Bishop Humphrey Humphreys, 1712. Brass to
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 33 
 
 the memory of Sir Richard Delabere, his two wives, eleven 
 sons, and ten daughters, 1514. Effigy of Bishop Lindsell, 
 1634. Monument to Dean John Harvey, 1501. Remaining 
 portions of Brass to Dean Chaundeler, 1490. Doorway to 
 the Vicars' Cloister. On the west wall of the transept are 
 numerous monumental brasses, and fragments of others, 
 which have only lately been returned to the Cathedral ; they 
 were removed at the time of the restoration of the edifice, 
 and sold for old brass to a marine store dealer. Fortunately, 
 some of them fell into the hands of the late J. G. Nicholls, 
 the Antiquary, and through the kindness of his son, they 
 have been replaced in the building. 
 
 SOUTH CHOIR AISLE. 
 
 Monument and Effigy. Bishop Richard Mayo, 15 16; 
 restored (by Gawthorp) in 1868. The celebrated Hereford 
 Mappa Mundi, a curious old Map of the World, on vellum, 
 thirteenth century. A full sized fac simile of this remarkable 
 map was published in 1872, by subscription, and may still 
 be obtained of the local booksellers; also a volume, with full 
 description, by Rev. W. L. Bevan and Rev. H. W. Phillott. 
 Effigies of Bishop William de Vere, 1199, Bishop Robert 
 Foliot, 1176, Bishop Robert de Betun, 1148, Bishop Robert 
 de Melun, 1167, and Bishop Robert de Losinga or Lothar- 
 ingia, 1095,* to whom the honor of planning and beginning 
 
 * Note. — It is remarkable that these tombs, as well as those in the 
 North Choir Aisle, bear the impress of having been made at one 
 and the same time. It is supposed that at the time the renovations 
 under Swintield and Orleton were begun, a series of tombs to these 
 Bishops existed ; and as the then dilapidated state of these portions of 
 the Cathedral necessitated their removal, the architect made the renewal 
 of them a strong feature of his design. It is now impossible to say, 
 
 n
 
 34 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the present Cathedral is due. Brass Plate in memory of 
 G. Townshend Smith, organist of the Cathedral for 34 years. 
 
 THE ORGAN. 
 
 The original instrument, 1686, was the work of Renatus 
 Harris, and was a gift from Charles II. to the capitular 
 body ; the cost was about ^700, but of the stops included 
 in the organ we have no record. Early in the following 
 century the choir organ was added by Byfield, and several 
 minor alterations and repairs were made later on. In 1806, 
 Elliott added pedals and pedal pipes, and soon afterwards 
 Bishop introduced the swell. The instrument then consisted 
 of 24 sounding stops, and three couplers, and stood on a 
 stone screen in front of the choir. At the restoration it 
 was taken down and placed on the floor of the Cathedral, 
 under the easternmost arch of the North Aisle. Here it 
 remained until 1864, when it was remodelled and enlarged 
 by Messrs. Gray and Davison, at a cost of .£1,500. The 
 substitution of the present screen for the old stone one, 
 necessitated the selection of a fresh site, and the present 
 one was fixed upon, with this difference, that the instru- 
 
 with any degree of accuracy, to whom each particular niche was 
 appropriated ; but, even as far back as Leland's time, they were held 
 to be commemorative of Aquablanca's predecessors. The ball flower 
 ornament in the arch, again, points to them as being all of the same 
 date, and a strong proof of the introduction of this ornamentation into 
 the district about this time, is to be found in Weobley Church. In 
 1325 Bishop Orleton consecrated three altars there. The nave and 
 aisles bear every mark of having been re-built about this time, which 
 would necessitate the re-consecration of the altars ; and the arches 
 of the nave arcade all have this ball flower ornament in the hollow 
 moulding.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 35 
 
 ment was placed upon the floor, the organist being seated 
 in a little cupboard at the back of the stalls. From a 
 musical point of view the site chosen was most lament- 
 able, as the swell and choir organs were up in the roof of 
 the south transept. The instrument then contained 40 
 sounding stops, and 2,230 pipes, and was left for further 
 enlargement. Its incompleteness, however, weighed heavily 
 upon the minds of many connected with the church, and 
 in 1879, mainly through the instrumentality of the late Hon. 
 Mrs. Herbert, Sir Frederick Gore Ouseley, precentor, and 
 the Rev. J. R. G. Taylor, succentor, a successful effort was 
 made to render the instrument worthy of the Cathedral. At 
 a cost of about ,£1,400, it was raised five feet above the 
 Choir, and a solo organ, and some additional stops were 
 added to the swell and pedal organs. As the organ now 
 stands, it consists of 49 stops, 8 couplers, and 12 compo- 
 sition pedals and stops. It was re-opened with a most 
 impressive service, on October 30th, 1879. 
 
 The doorway opposite the organ leads into the Treasury, 
 now used as' the Canons' Vestry. In this is a glass case 
 containing a copy of the Hereford Use, a manuscript of the 
 thirteenth century, written for this Cathedral. This was pur- 
 chased by the Dean and Chapter of Hereford from Mr. 
 William Hawes, who found it upon an old bookstall in 
 Dairy Lane. Only two other copies — both of which are 
 imperfect — are known to exist, one in the Bodleian Library, 
 and one in the Library of St. John's College, Oxford ; the 
 latter being a fragment only. In the case are also speci- 
 mens of early printing, and some relics which have been 
 found at different times in the precincts of the Cathedral.
 
 36 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 SOUTH TRANSEPT. 
 
 Supposed to be the most ancient Norman work remain- 
 ing of the Cathedral, but authorities differ on the subject. 
 The eastern and western walls have been carefully restored 
 by Sir G. G. Scott. Tomb of Alexander Denton, of Hilles- 
 den, and Anne his wife, 1566. Effigy of Bishop John 
 Trcvenant, 1404. Memorial to Archdeacon Waring, 1877. 
 Ancient fire-place, restored in accordance with the original 
 remains. 
 
 SOUTH AISLE OF NAVE. 
 
 Brass to Richard Phelips, and Anne his wife. Door 
 into the Bishops' Cloister. The old Colours of the 36th or 
 " The Herefordshire Regiment," presented by the officers in 
 1S61. Brass to the memory of the officers and men who 
 died in India, 1865 — 75. Effigy of an Ecclesiastic, name 
 unknown. Effigy, supposed to be that of a Treasurer of the 
 Cathedral in the fourteenth century. Tomb of Sir Richard 
 Pembridge, 1375. Norman Font, twelfth century, consisting 
 of a solid block of stone, carved with figures of the Twelve 
 Apostles. At the foot are four griffins, very vigorously and 
 boldly executed. 
 
 NAVE. 
 
 Entering the nave at the west end, the visitor cannot 
 fail to be charmed with the coup d'ail presented. The 
 Norman character of the building, which would hardly be 
 suspected from an outside inspection, now makes itself 
 very apparent ; although, before the alterations, which the 
 fall of the western tower in 1876 necessarily entailed, the 
 exterior of the west end exhibited all the characteristics of 
 a Norman Cathedral. The piers of the nave arches are
 
 I'HE CATHEDRAL. 37 
 
 cylindrical, with a pair of shafts attached to each end of 
 their transverse diameter, the shafts terminating at the caps 
 of the main columns. The arches are all enriched with 
 the chevron. Moveable Oak Pulpit, supposed to have been 
 made during the reign of James I. Carved Oak Litany 
 Desk, made from ancient oak, from Kentchurch in this 
 county. Brass Lectern, presented by the Misses Rushout, 
 in 1852. The large central Corona. This and nearly all the 
 other gas fittings were supplied by Skidmore's Art Company. 
 There are twenty-three standards and five pendants. When 
 lighted with gas, the corona strikingly represents a gigantic 
 coronet, and the effect is most beautiful. 
 
 THE SCREEN. 
 
 The Screen, which is entirely of wrought metal work, 
 the metals used being iron, brass and copper, is a triumph 
 of art. It illustrates the Ascension of our Lord ; and the 
 beauty of the work, its position and office in the Cathedral, 
 and its structural qualities, cause it to harmonise well with 
 the grand Norman work by which it is surrounded. The 
 screen itself consists of five arches, each one having a 
 centre shaft. The centre arch, which is the largest, bears, 
 in a cusped oval, the figure of our Lord, standing upon 
 passion flowers, and surrounded by everlasting flowers, and 
 at each side are welcoming angels. The Trinity is symbol- 
 ised by three open spaces, one above and one on each side 
 of the central figure. The large pillars supporting the arches 
 are enriched throughout, in their lower part, with diaper 
 work, and round the upper parts are wound, spirally, orna- 
 ments of foliage and flowers ; besides this, the centre of the 
 column has a jewelled belt, separating the upper and lower
 
 38 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 parts. The capitals are of sheet metal, worked into shape 
 by the hammer, and are of the deepest interest on that 
 account. The arches are filled in with bold filigree work, 
 and the spandrils with a conventional foliage composition; 
 the cornice also has foliaceous ornaments, while the crockets 
 of the pediments, and the grilles of the lower portion of 
 the screen are enriched with similar ornaments. The great 
 feature of the screen is, that not only is it wholly the con- 
 struction of the hammer and chisel, in fact all wrought 
 work, but the materials used for colouring the work are 
 the oxides of the different metals used in its construction. 
 In the upper portion of the screen, two browns prevail, 
 blue, green, and gold, being used to give effect and assist 
 the various forms, while in the lower portion of the work, 
 chocolate, purple, copper colour, and blue-green are pre- 
 dominant, with red and cream-colour for effect. These are 
 all emphasised by the Mosaic work employed as an auxiliary, 
 30,000 pieces being employed in the work. It is one of the 
 largest works of art, in metal, in the world, and redounds 
 to the credit both of its designer, Sir G. G. Scott, and its 
 maker, Mr. Skidmore. 
 
 THE CHOIR. 
 
 Bishop's Throne and ancient richly carved Oak Stalls 
 for the Canons and Prebendaries. Effigy of Ethelbert, King 
 of the East Angles, fourteenth century. Ancient Bishop's 
 Chair. Tradition asserts that King Stephen sat in this chair 
 when he visited Hereford in 11 42. Almost the only exist- 
 ing specimen in this country of a twelfth century chair. The 
 Reredos, erected by public subscription to the memory of 
 Joseph Bailey, jun., Esq., who for more than nine years
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 39 
 
 represented this County in the House of Commons. He 
 died August 31st, 1850, aged 39. 
 
 bishops' cloisters. 
 
 These form a communication between the Palace and 
 the Cathedral, through a door opening into the South Aisle. 
 They enclose an area of about one hundred feet square, 
 called the Lady Arbour. The east and south sides only 
 remain ; the latter is in a very dilapidated condition, and 
 is only used as a warehouse for lumber. 
 
 The western side was destroyed in the time of Edward 
 VI., and a room for the purposes of a Grammar School was 
 erected in its place ; this, however, has long since been 
 removed, and nothing remains to mark its site. 
 
 the college. 
 On the south side of the Lady Chapel is the College 
 of Vicars Choral. It is of stone and built in the form of a 
 quadrangle, and was supposed to have been built in the reign 
 of Edward IV., who granted a license for the removal of 
 the houses of the Vicars Choral to a situation nearer the 
 Cathedral. A Cloister, the wood supports of which are very 
 elaborately carved, connects it with the South-east Transept 
 of the Cathedral. It contains apartments for the Minor 
 Canons, Hall, Library, and other offices. 
 
 chapter house. 
 Between the Cloister leading to the College of Vicars 
 Choral, and the Bishops' Cloister, are the ruins of the old 
 Chapter House, supposed to have been erected about the 
 time of Henry VI. The form of the building was decagonal, 
 and the architecture and decorations were very costly and 
 beautiful. The roof was of fine ribwork, resting on stone
 
 40 THF. CATHKDRAL. 
 
 arches, and supported in the centre by a single column, 
 embossed with figures and devices. In the year 1652 it 
 suffered materially from the effects of the Civil Wars, the 
 lead being stripped from the roof and applied to defend 
 the roof of the tower in the castle. The building itself was 
 forty feet in diameter, the windows were pointed, and under 
 each was a square containing five niches, in each one of 
 which was a life-size portrait. The number of portraits was 
 forty five, and they were arranged as follows. Beginning on 
 the left of the entrance, the first square contained King 
 Milfrid, King Ethelbert, Bishop Athelstan, Wulwive, a great 
 benefactress to the church, and Godiva, of Coventry memory; 
 the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth squares contained 
 portraits of our Saviour, the Apostles, and many of the 
 Primitive Saints, most of which were stolen and removed 
 at the time of the Civil Wars. The seventh square had, 
 St George, Scus David, a Nun, a Bishop, and a Knight 
 Templar. Over these were three escutcheons, bearing quar- 
 terly, or, a maunch gules and barry of ten pieces, argent 
 and azure; over all, seven martlets, gules, 2, 2, 2, 1. The 
 eighth square had, a King, "Scus Edwardus," a Nun, a 
 King, crowned, resembling one of the later Norman Kings, 
 a female, inscribed " Sea Wenefrida," and a Bishop, inscribed 
 "See Ceadda;" he was Bishop A.D. 850. Over each of 
 these portraits was this coat, gules, three lions heads erased, 
 argent. The ninth square contained a portrait of the Virgin 
 in each of the niches ; four with the infant Christ in arms ; 
 and beneath, portraits of religious persons in the act of 
 praying.* 
 
 * Duncumb's History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 41 
 
 ANCIENT STONE CHAPEL. 
 
 Formerly, between the Palace and the south side of 
 the Bishop's Cloisters, stood a very ancient stone Chapel, 
 consisting of two stories, the upper one of which was dedi- 
 cated to St Mary Magdalen, and the lower one to St 
 Catherine. It was undoubtedly of Saxon origin, and was 
 demolished sometime between 1737 and 1757- It is to a 
 Bishop of the Diocese, (Egerton) that we are indebted for 
 this act of vandalism. He obtained a commission from the 
 Archbishop to inspect the condition of a chapel, supposed 
 to have been built earlier than the Cathedral. The com- 
 mission is reported to have consisted of the Dean, two of 
 the Canons, one of the tenants, the Bishop's steward, and 
 a joiner, who returned it as ruinous and worthless, although 
 it was well known that a slight outlay would have made it 
 as good as on the day of its completion. The Bishop made 
 an order for its demolition, but after expending ,£50 in 
 taking down about one third, the work was abandoned, the 
 cement being found harder than the stones themselves. The 
 Society of Antiquaries, in order to preserve the form of so 
 venerable a structure, ordered an engraving of it to be 
 executed, and the transaction was noticed in the newspapers 
 of the day, 1737. That its demolition was completed a feu- 
 years later, we have evidence from Taylor's Map of the City, 
 published in 1757, where an engraving of it is given, and 
 it is described as a " Chapel now taken down." 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL CLOSE. 
 This, together with the site of the Cathedral, was given 
 by Ralph de I.emesi to the Church of St. Mary, which dona- 
 tion, witli others, was confirmed by Henry I. For a long 
 
 E
 
 42 I UK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 period this was the burial place for the whole of the City 
 parishes, and many of the adjoining county ones; but as 
 great inconvenience arose from the number of bodies in- 
 terred, the Dean and Chapter, in 1791, made an order that 
 no more should be buried without permission; and accord- 
 ingly, the City parishes provided separate burial places, 
 which were consecrated by the Bishop for that purpose. On 
 the east side is situated the Deanery, and on the north, two 
 prebendal houses, said to have been rebuilt by Bishop Bisse. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Situated at the east end of the Cathedral. This was 
 founded by Bishop Gilbert, Dec. 26, 1381, "for the purpose 
 of affording gratuitous instruction to the sons of poor citi- 
 zens," and Edward VI. afterwards ordered, by an injunction, 
 that "In every Cathedral church where no free Grammar 
 School already existed, one should be maintained perpetually; 
 the master to have yearly twenty marks, and his house rent 
 free, and the usher yearly six pounds fourteen shillings, and 
 his chambers free." Under the statutes given to the Cathe- 
 dral by Queen Elizabeth, and which were revised and con- 
 firmed by Charles I., these stipends were increased to .£20 
 and ,£10 respectively. The appointments are all vested in 
 the Dean and Chapter, and " the benefits of the school are 
 entirely lost to the families of poor freemen, who were 
 intended to have been the principal objects of the founda- 
 tion." The school has lately been enlarged ; and through 
 the instrumentality of the present head master, the Rev. F. 
 H. Tatham, a room called the Gilbert Library has been 
 added, the cost being defrayed by subscriptions received 
 chiefly from old Herefordians, and their friends.
 
 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 " And view the ground's most gentle dimplcmcnt, 
 (As if God's finger touch'd but did not press 
 In making England) such an up and down 
 Of verdure — nothing too much up or down, 
 A ripple of land ; such little hills, the sky 
 Can stoop to tenderly, and the wheatfields cliinh , 
 Such nooks of valleys, lined with orchises, 
 Fed full of noises by invisible streams." 
 
 Aurora Leigh. 
 
 THIS section is written entirely from an artist's point 
 of view, and is intended to indicate the districts 
 where subjects for the brush or camera are most 
 numerous. 
 
 There is no sameness about Herefordshire scenery ; in 
 the south, from the point where the Wye flows beneath the 
 heights of Goodrich, until it leaves the county below the 
 " wooded walls " of the Little Howard, is river scenery on a 
 scale of magnificence unsurpassed in England : in the north, 
 are beauties of another type; an undulating country with
 
 44 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 hills of no great altitude, wooded from summit to base, 
 enclosing tracts of orchard, meadow, and field, overhanging 
 as at Downton the rippling Teme, or, as at Aymestre and 
 Kinsham, the more placid Lugg ; here too are old time 
 villages, almost hidden in trees and orcharding, each with 
 a crooked street of timber-framed houses, and rustic church 
 perched on higher ground in the midst, recalling to mind 
 the words of Herefordshire's gifted daughter in Aurora 
 Leigh. 
 
 " Hills, vales, woods, netted in a silver mist, 
 Farms, granges, doubled up among the hills, 
 And cattle grazing in the watered vales, 
 And cottage chimneys smoking from the woods, 
 And cottage gardens smelling everywhere, 
 Confused with smell of orchards." 
 
 The north of Herefordshire contains, in the writer's 
 opinion, by far the best sketching ground in Herefordshire 
 (the lower Wye Valley excepted), and for head quarters, 
 either Ludlow, Wigmore, or Richard's Castle are recom- 
 mended. On the eastern side is also an undulating timbered 
 country, backed by that miniature mountain range, the 
 Malverns, but without a river to add to its beauty. In the 
 central portions, as at Sutton and Marden, the villages are 
 embowered in apple trees, and hop yards alternate with corn 
 and pasture. In the south-west, the long level range of the 
 Black Mountains is broken by a series of parallel valleys, 
 with here and there a battered tower or ruined site of a 
 border castle, perched on their sides. Perhaps, taken as a 
 general rule, the county, which is splendidly timbered, is 
 seen at its best in the autumn, when to the variegated 
 colours of the leaves, glowing with autumnal tints, is added 
 the charm of hop-picking, and the beauty of the many
 
 A Hkiikfiihusiiiuk Ci>TTA<ii Home.
 
 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 45 
 
 coloured orchards, fragrant with the smell of mellow apples 
 and falling leaves. Hop-picking is certainly the most pic- 
 turesque of agricultural pursuits; early in the morning whole 
 families are met with, laden with provisions for the day, 
 for they do not return until the evening, and the smallest 
 children can add their quota to the cribs ; equally busy is 
 the scene at the kilns, carts bringing in the green hops from 
 the pickers, men turning them on the kiln with wooden 
 shovels, or with head and shoulders appearing through a 
 hole in the floor, treading them firmly into a pocket, while 
 a helper shovels them in round his body. 
 
 Later on comes the apple picking and cider making, 
 when plenty of work can be found for the painter or pho- 
 tographer. What better material for a picture than the old 
 cider mill, its circular trough with central post and heavy 
 runner stone, in the deep shade of a thatched out-house; 
 the massive wooden casks trammed outside in the orchard, 
 with a glimpse through the open doorway of the old horse 
 moving round and round on his limited course, or stealing a 
 mouthful of the juicy pulp, so temptingly close to his nose? 
 There is little of interest to the artist, in local customs or 
 peculiarities of costume, but to one with a retentive memory, 
 or instantaneous camera, many good subjects could be met 
 with at the numerous fairs, which take place in May through- 
 out the county, as well as the stock fairs, which are held 
 more frequently. 
 
 At Hereford, the artist soon finds his way to the 
 neighbourhood of the Cathedral and Wye Bridge, where a 
 number of good views can be had ; the mile of river below 
 the bridge also contains a quantity of picturesque "bits."
 
 46 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 The Old House in the High Town is a beautiful specimen 
 of decorated timber work (a.d. 1621), there is also a very 
 charming little house of the same class over a grocer's shop 
 in the High Street, and the Gate House, YVidemarsh Street, 
 is a good specimen. The Coningsby Hospital, with the 
 Black Friars' Monastery and Preaching Cross, is a good 
 subject, as are also some Alms Houses in Berrington Street. 
 The general style of the Street Architecture is not good 
 from an artist's view, many of the houses are old, but they 
 have been veneered with modern fronts, while inside are 
 to be found fine oak staircases, panelled rooms, and curi- 
 ously decorated ceilings. The Moor Farm, with its quaint 
 pigeon house, is about a mile out on the Grand Stand Road. 
 In the immediate neighbourhood of the City, Lugwardine, 
 four miles out, Dinedor, three miles, and Brinsop Court, 
 five and a half miles, are well worth visiting, the latter was 
 for some time the residence of the poet Wordsworth, 
 
 Aymestre, three and a half miles from Kingsland, 
 (G.YV.R.,) affords a number of good subjects ; the Lugg, 
 which for the greater part of its course is comparatively 
 flat and uninteresting, being, from here to Presteign, and 
 notably at Kinsham, very beautiful, and affording some 
 exquisite subjects. 
 
 Black Mountains. — This district affords some wild 
 mountain views, with a few charming glens, but the want 
 of any large sheet of water is a gTeat drawback : all the 
 valleys have streams running through them, the one drain- 
 ing the principal valley (the Honddhu) being a fair-sized 
 one, tumbling over a shingly bed, and affording some good
 
 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 47 
 
 fishing for the angler. The best head-quarters for the dis- 
 trict are at the Inn at Llanthony Priory; and very delightful 
 they are; the house is partly incorporated with the Abbey 
 ruins, and there is a singular charm, after a long day's tramp 
 over the hills, in going up a circular stone staircase to one's 
 bedroom in a Norman tower, with white-washed walls and 
 groined roof, lighted by a deep, narrow window, shared by 
 the room beneath. The inn is very clean and comfortable, 
 but punctuality is not a strong point. The chief points of 
 interest to the artist are the Priory ruins, the Gaer Camp, 
 the Gader, which afford fine mountain scenery, the grouping, 
 as seen from the latter, being especially fine ; and the Rhiw- 
 wen, a fine mountain pass. 
 
 There is a very pretty dingle between the Gaer and 
 Llanvihangel Station, and another, with a splendid grove of 
 chestnuts, between the valley of Bettws and the Abergavenny 
 road. Alterynnis, an old fortified farm house close to Pandy 
 station, a rocky river scene with rustic bridge, at Clodock, 
 and the Castle tower at Longtown, are well worth looking 
 up. There are reliable inns at Pandy and Llanvihangel, and 
 the little King's Head Inn, one and a half miles from the 
 latter place, is well spoken of by anglers. 
 
 Bosbury, four miles from Ledbury, has some good sub- 
 jects, the old Church, with its separate tower, being especially 
 good; the Crown Inn has a good interior. Half-way be- 
 tween Posbury and Ashperton is a farm house, of a character 
 enough to send an artist crazy with delight, as it is not often 
 he will meet with one like this, untouched by the hand of 
 the restorer ; the walls, and gabled roofs covered with mossy 
 tiles, reflecting a thousand lights and shades — here from
 
 48 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 weather-board and plaster, and there from damp-stained brick 
 — with pigeons sunning themselves on the roof, or flitting 
 from their warm home under the eaves, to the more exposed 
 dovecote (a barrel perched on a pole) in the garden. It is 
 called Fern Farm, and is away from the road near the canal. 
 The Trumpet Inn, at Ashperton, on the main road, is an- 
 other delightful old tumble-down place 
 
 Brampton Bryan is a pretty village, with picturesque 
 Castle ruins. 
 
 Bromyard has no picturesque merit ; it is a queer, 
 dead-alive town, said to be the only one in the county that 
 is finished, for, with the exception of a new police court, 
 there has not been a house built in the place for many 
 years. 
 
 Deerfold Forest. — The wild district lying between 
 Aymestre, Kinsham, Lingen, and Wigmore, embracing Deer- 
 fold, is well worth exploring. In the forest was formerly an 
 ancient Chapel, now used as a farm house ; it does not bear, 
 externally, any marks of antiquity, but in the bedrooms may 
 be seen part of the old Gothic oak roof. Shobdon I'ark, 
 across the Lugg, contains some good woodland scenery. 
 The whole district is most secluded, as will be seen from the 
 fact that the writer has seen, on a barn by the roadside, an 
 Auction Bill, intact, bearing a date of eleven years before. 
 
 Eardisland is quite an artist's village ; there are not 
 so many picturesque houses as at Pembridge, but they seem 
 to group in a more picturesque manner. The river Arrow, 
 noted for its trout, passes through the village, and, being 
 backed by the mill, appears more like a lake than a river.
 

 
 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 49 
 
 At the foot of the bridge, is an old brick pigeon house, 
 having for its weather vane, a trout made from brass. The 
 Cross Inn is a comfortable house, as many anglers can testify. 
 Eardisland is one and a half miles from Kingsland Station. 
 
 Golden Valley. — This, from an artist's view, does not 
 fulfil the promise held out by its name, the scenery being 
 below the average of the county, and not to be compared 
 with the beautiful district in North Herefordshire. The chief 
 point of interest is Abbey Dore, where is a large and pictur- 
 esque Church, which has not yet been "restored"; perhaps 
 the best view of it, is from a pathway leading to Ewias Harold 
 Common. Near Vowchurch is a fine timber house, and close 
 to, is the quaint little Church, with its shingle roof. The 
 remains of Urishay and Snodhill Castles are devoid of art- 
 istic merit, and Peterchurch is utterly uninteresting. Ewias 
 Harold, near the entrance to the Valley, contains some 
 charming scenes, and the course of the Dulas Brook is well 
 worth exploring. The Valley is now easy of access by means 
 of the Railway which joins the Abergavenny line at Pontrilas. 
 
 Kington itself possesses little of interest to the artist, 
 but the situation of the town and its surroundings are ex- 
 ceedingly beautiful. In the dingle, close behind the Church, 
 where the scenery is very pretty, there are the remains of a 
 mill pulled down to make room for the iron horse — the 
 mill stones and gearing lying about in most picturesque con- 
 fusion. At Stanner Rocks, two miles from the town, is some 
 line scenery, and the upper course of the Arrow is worth 
 following. 
 
 LEDBURY is an old-fashioned town, nestling at the foot 
 of the well-wooded Dog Hill, and surrounded by scenery of a 
 
 1
 
 SO PICTURESQUE IIKREFORDSHIRK. 
 
 park-like character, with its slender Church spire rising above 
 the house tops. Conspicuous among the many quaint houses 
 are, the oak-framed Market house, (supported on pillars, the 
 last of its class in the county), and the Old Talbot Inn, with 
 its queer shaped roofs, and hanging sign-board swaying in the 
 wind. The latter contains a fine oak-panelled room. Notable 
 among the street views are, one from a standpoint near the 
 Plough Inn, looking down the long main street towards the 
 Market ; and another from "The Cross," looking down New 
 Street, and taking in the old corner house built over the 
 ] lavement on oak pillars. Church Lane, with the tall spire, 
 separate from the Church, appearing at the further end, and 
 the Church itself, with its fine Norman front, should not 
 be neglected. The hilly and well-timbered country beyond 
 Eastnor, under the Southern slope of the Malverns, will be 
 found very beautiful. At Hope End, near Wellington Heath, 
 the girlhood of England's greatest poetess, Elizabeth Barrett 
 Browning, was passed : but, alas ! the unchanging landscape 
 alone remains in memory of her, a new owner having de- 
 stroyed the fantastic old mansion, and erected a new one 
 in its place. 
 
 Leintwardinf. is the best head-quarters for the beautiful 
 Downton district ; it is a large village, with fine Church, but 
 no striking scenery near at hand ; good accommodation may 
 be had at the principal Inn. 
 
 Leominster affords several good street views; one down 
 High Street from the Iron Cross is good, and so is another 
 looking down Burgess Street, with the l'riory Church in the 
 distance. There are a few half-timbered houses worthy of 
 a sketch, and the Grange House (formerly the old Market
 
 PICTURESQUE HKRKFORDSHIRE. 51 
 
 house) is exceedingly fine. Stockton Cross, two and a half 
 miles out, possesses a most picturesque village Inn. 
 
 LUDLOW, although not a Herefordshire town, is so close 
 to the border, and in the immediate vicinity of so much good 
 scenery, that it can hardly be omitted. The town, both from 
 its situation, and the number of interesting buildings it con- 
 tains, is a very storehouse of subjects for the artist. The little 
 Church and fine old Manor house of I.udford must be ad- 
 mired, and the ruins of the Castle will "come in" from 
 many points of view; in fact, what with the quaint houses 
 in the streets, the many mills on the river, the bridges over 
 it, and the cliffs that rise from its edge, there is no lack of 
 work for the artist. It is, however, with the wooded scenes 
 on the Herefordshire side of the Teme that we are chiefly 
 concerned. Mar}- Knoll valley, a beautiful wooded dingle, 
 was the scene of Milton's Comus ; Bringewood Chase, a long 
 ridge, clothed with timber, gorse, and brushwood, was once 
 a royal forest. In the valley of the Teme, at and near Ha) 
 Mill, will be found the artist's choicest subjects, for even 
 Bettws j Coed can furnish nothing better than this out-of-the- 
 way corner of Herefordshire. The mill itself is a picture, and 
 is seen to perfection in the earl) autumn, when the humid 
 air causes a complete glow of colour to spread over the trees 
 and moss-stained walls and tiles of the old building. The 
 best time to photograph it, is after five on a summer's evening, 
 or perhaps early in the morning would do as well. Below, as 
 far as Bringewood Bridge, are many beautiful "bits." Close 
 to Bow B good subject) is a ruined cottage, worth 
 
 notice, and high up the bank above, is the old Church of 
 Downton, almost in ruins, the windows broken in, and the
 
 52 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 commandments falling clown over the dilapidated pews. This 
 district is about seven miles from Ludlow. 
 
 Orleton, one and a half miles from WoofTerton Station, 
 is a quiet village in the plain, with many old houses of a type 
 dear to the artist ; the Court, particularly, is worthy of a 
 sketch, and the hanging Inn signs will he noticed as unusually 
 primitive. 
 
 Pembridge, with a Station on the Hereford and Kington 
 Railway, is another sleepy old-world place, with a long, and it 
 must be confessed, dirty street of quaint old houses. The 
 Church, with separate tower, is interesting. (There are six 
 other instances of this in the county, viz: Bosbury, Garway, 
 Holmer, Ledbury, Richard's Castle, and Yarpole). Under the 
 eaves of a house in the main street, near the entrance to the 
 Church, are some beautifully carved barge boards. The Mar- 
 ket place is humble enough ; merely an open shed, supported 
 on oak pillars: overlooking it is the New Inn, with overhang- 
 ing upper stories. There are perhaps more houses of a native 
 style of architecture to be found here, than in any other town 
 in the county. A lodging house opposite the Schools, and a 
 farm house near the Station, are especially interesting ; and 
 Luntly Court, with its quaint four-gabled pigeon house, (tim- 
 ber-framed with lath and plaster, 1673) is worthy a visit A 
 few years since, the accommodation at the Inns in Pembridge 
 was decidedly unsatisfactory, but the Greyhound Hotel seems 
 recently to have improved in this respect. 
 
 Presteign is a little border town, beautifully situated 
 in a hollow, surrounded by wooded hills. There are some 
 charming views on the I.ugg, and some of the houses are 
 worth sketching. About a mile out, are two very fine old
 
 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 53 
 
 Herefordshire farm houses ; the Wegnall, a fine old timber- 
 built structure, and the Rodd, built of stone. If it be desired 
 to photograph them, the best time for the former is early 
 in the morning or late in the afternoon, and the latter before 
 mid-day. 
 
 Richard's Castle is peculiarly rich in cottage and farm 
 houses, of which many may be seen by the side of the steep 
 road leading to the old Church and Castle. At one black and 
 white timber-framed farm house is a curious old circular stone 
 pigeon house with three dormer windows in the roof. The 
 old Church, with its separate tower, is interesting, but the 
 Castle ruins are disappointing. There is good woodland 
 scenery at Hay Park, and behind the Castle. Comfortable 
 quarters will be found at the Castle Inn. Woofferton, three 
 miles away, is the nearest Station. 
 
 Ross.— The situation of the town is undeniably fine, 
 and the view of it from the Oak meadow exceedingly beauti- 
 ful, the old stone Market place and Church are also worth 
 seeing, but the much be-praised view from the Prospect is 
 fiat, and utterly useless to the artist. The town is not a suit- 
 able halting place, as the best Wye scenery does not com- 
 mence until four miles lower down. The remains of Wilton 
 Castle, across the river, are however worthy of a visit. 
 
 Weobley, formerly an old Market town returning two 
 members of Parliament, but which has now dwindled down 
 to the position of a large village, is three miles from Moor- 
 hampton Station, on the Hereford, Hay, and Brecon Railway. 
 It has long been famous for its old houses, and although 
 s.ully shorn of its former glories, still retains many of great 
 interest, the most perfect being the Leys, a farm house half a
 
 54 PICTURESQUE HEKEFORDSHIR) . 
 
 mile distant, having projecting windows with diamond panes, 
 and massive oak door and porch, seemingly unaltered since 
 its erection in 1589. There is a posting house, and accom- 
 modation may be had at either of the Inns. 
 
 Wigmore surpasses all other Herefordshire villages in 
 picturesque merit. The village lies at the end of a ridge 
 sloping off into the plain, and the beautiful old Church tower 
 standing above, <an be seen from all points. On the same 
 ridge, but still higher up, are the ruins of the Castle, once 
 the feudal residence of the Mortimers ; they cover a large 
 extent of ground, and the remains of the keep, perched high 
 in the midst, can only be gained by a steep climb from the 
 ivy-clad gateway below. In the street will be found plenty of 
 work for the artist ; and the Grange, rather more than a mile 
 from the village, is a delightful old place, with gateway, pigeon 
 house, and Abbey barn, well worthy of attention. There are 
 two Inns in the village (the " Castle " and the " Compasses,") 
 either of which may be relied upon. It is rather an awk- 
 ward place to get at, being five miles from Bucknell Station 
 (Central Wales Railway), seven from Ludlow and six from 
 Kingsland, both G.W.R. Stations. 
 
 The Wye. — There is scarcely a mile of this beautiful 
 river but which contains something worthy of a sketch or 
 plate, and the following hints as to the best points and head- 
 quarters to start from may be useful. Commencing at Hay, 
 there is plenty of work on the river near the town, the Black 
 Mountains forming a fine background from many points. 
 The town affords comfortable quarters, and while there, 
 Cusop dingle should be explored. The Rhydspence Inn, 
 three miles lower down, would be found the next best halting
 
 ■ 
 
 WaOBLI v
 
 PICTURESQUE HEREFORDSHIRE. 55 
 
 place ; the house itself is the beau ideal of an old timber- 
 built Inn, with high porch and outside staircase. There are 
 good subjects close at hand ; Clifford Castle, overhanging 
 the Wye, and Whitney Bridge, both make good pictures. 
 Lower down, at Bredwardine, the " Lion'' is a good Inn, and 
 the artist would find himself in a most picturesque district 
 A mile or so further on is Brobury Scaur, a fine cliff over- 
 hanging the river, and Moccas Park contains some good 
 timbered views. The l'ortway Inn, seven miles from Here- 
 ford, affords another suitable starting place, although a mile 
 from the river ; near here is Monnington, where the Lych 
 Gate and Court House are wortli attention, as is also an 
 avenue of massive Scotch firs. Below, at Byford, are some 
 lovely river scenes, and close to, is Byford Court, an old stone 
 manor house, with several other antique houses near at hand. 
 Bridge Sollers, a mile lower down, is another beauty spot. 
 Here Offa's I )yke comes down to the river ; it is a deep 
 wooded dingle, the road crossing it by means of a stone 
 arch; (lose by is a very picturesque rustic lodge, and the 
 
 whole neighbour! 1 teems with beauty. At the New Weir, 
 
 Sugwas Boat, Breinton and Belmont, are also many pretty 
 scenes, but there is no good accommodation in their n< 
 bourhood. From Hereford to Ross the scenery is quiet, but 
 by no means flat or uninteresting, and an artist might do 
 worse than spend a few days at Hampton Bishop (at the 
 ■i ITOtS,") one of David Cox's favourite districts, or at the 
 "Green Man" at Fownhope, both thoroughly good Inns. 
 li iarwith . some excellent views, and has a comfort- 
 able Inn. Fawley Court, an old mansion, now used as a farm 
 house, should not be missed on any account. It is. however, 
 below Ross that the river is to be seen at its best ; between
 
 56 PICTURESQUE IILREFORDSHIRK. 
 
 Goodrich and Monmouth arc a succession of magnificent 
 scenes, which lie in a comparatively small compass. The 
 best and most central quarters are undoubtedly at Symonds 
 Yat, where the Ferry Inn (quite an artist's haunt), and the 
 refreshment house below, afford comfortable quarters. At 
 Goodrich is an Inn, "The Hostelrie," built in the medieval 
 style by the late Sir S. R. Meyrick, the antiquary. The artist 
 can scarcely take a wrong direction, and may safely be left 
 to his own resources.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 " We will travel afoot through the fields and woods, 
 and by the side of rivers." 
 
 Old Curiosity Shop. 
 
 I N the walks which are here described, Hereford is taken 
 as the starting point, either by road or rail. The routes 
 r given, though varying in distance, are all well within a 
 day's work, some being found to suit the able, and others 
 again the indifferent pedestrian. The list must not be sup- 
 posed to exhaust the resources of the county, there being 
 many others no doubt equally good, but those here pre- 
 sented are described from personal knowledge, many of them 
 having been walked over several times. 
 
 The pedestrian routes down the picturesque part of the 
 Wye between Ross and Monmouth, are described in a slightly 
 different manner to those of the other districts, as the tourist, 
 while making Hereford his centre, may wish to spend a day 
 or two in places which better command those views for which 
 the river is so justly celebrated. 
 
 G
 
 58 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 The description of the scenery between Ross and Mon- 
 mouth, as seen from a boat going down the river, is given 
 later on, but as the boating tourist only sees part of the 
 beauties of the landscape, he is recommended to spend a 
 day or two in walking over the ground, and a great advantage 
 of this course is that none of the walks are of such a length 
 as to deter any but the most feeble pedestrian. The Ross 
 and Monmouth Railway is a great convenience, each of the 
 Stations forming a good starting point. From Hereford the 
 train accommodation is ample. 
 
 Ross to Goodrich via Kerne Bridge, five miles. 
 
 The best part of the Wye scenery commences at Good- 
 rich, the road to which from Ross runs through scenery 
 comparatively tame and uninteresting, so after seeing Wilton 
 Castle and Bridge, the pedestrian should take train from 
 Ross to Kerne Bridge, which is on the river about half a 
 mile below Goodrich. On crossing Kerne Bridge, Flanesford 
 Priory will be seen on the right. This was a Priory of Augus- 
 tine Canons, founded and endowed by R. Talbot, a,d. 1347. 
 The Chapel k now used as a barn. The road which crosses 
 on an archway must then be gained by the steep path leading 
 up to it ; follow this road to the right, where, a short way on, 
 a lane to the right leads to Goodrich Castle. The keys may 
 be obtained from the cottage at the entrance, a fee of 6d. 
 being charged for admission. A shorter way, after crossing 
 Kerne Bridge, is by the stile on the left, and under the arch, 
 keeping along the river bank, until, just before the ferry lane 
 is reached, a pathway is seen leading up to the Castle. 
 Should the tourist, however, prefer to walk the whole dis- 
 tance from Ross, either of the following routes may be taken.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 59 
 
 Ross to Goodrich, vid Wilton, five miles. 
 
 Cross over Wilton Bridge (on which is a sundial worth 
 notice,) to Wilton Castle, then take the second turn on the 
 left, and follow the road for four miles until Goodrich Court 
 lodge is reached ; then take the left hand road, and after 
 passing "The Cruze," said to have been used as a prison, and 
 " The Hostelrie," built by the late Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, 
 in imitation of an old English Inn, turn down a lane on the 
 left which leads to the Castle. This route is the best for 
 carriages, which may be put up at the Inn, the next is prefer- 
 able for the pedestrian. 
 
 Ross to Goodrich, vid Walford and the ferry, three 
 and a half miles. 
 
 Proceed over West Bank along the turnpike road to 
 Walford, then turn to the right and inquire the way to the 
 ferry. The tradition goes that it was here that Henry IV. 
 received the news of the birth of his son at Monmouth, 
 which so pleased him that he granted the boat and ferry to 
 the ferryman and his descendants for ever, no slight boon 
 then, when this was the high road to Monmouth. A path 
 in the adjoining meadow leads direct to the Castle, the whole 
 of the interior of which should be examined. To reach "The 
 Hostelrie" from the Castle, the traveller can proceed by way 
 of the road if the gate is unfastened, otherwise he must go 
 round by the lane which leads to the ferry. 
 
 Goodrich Castle to Ross, via the ferry and Walford, 
 three and a half miles. 
 
 Cross at the ferry into Ross road near Walford Church, 
 or the river side path may be followed for live ami a half 
 miles, crossing by Wilton Bridge into Ross. If the tourist
 
 60 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 should wish to walk from Goodrich to Symonds Yat, he 
 must follow the road past " The Hostelrie " for a quarter of 
 a mile, and then take the route next described. 
 
 Kerne Bridge to Symonds Yat, via Huntsham ferry, 
 three miles. 
 
 Take the road over the bridge, leaving Goodrich Church 
 on the right, then by the road on the left for about a mile, 
 and take the path leading by Rocklands House to the ferry, 
 which may be easily recognized by the row of elm trees 
 which borders it. Cross at the ferry, and take the cart road 
 leading past Huntsham, an old Elizabethan manor-house, 
 and keep straight on under the garden wall to the Yat. The 
 Yat itself is a flat-topped rock, lying a little to the left on 
 the highest part of the road. 
 
 Symonds Yat to Kerne Bridge, via Huntsham ferry, 
 three miles. 
 
 This and the preceding route are not recommended, 
 unless time presses, as they skip the most beautiful part of 
 the Wye, (described on page 61). From the top of the Yat, 
 take the cart road which runs direct to Huntsham, cross the 
 ferry and take the path leading by Rocklands House into the 
 main road which leads to Kerne Bridge ; by taking the right 
 hand path, Goodrich Inn and Castle are reached. 
 
 Kerne Bridge to Lydbrook Station, three and a half 
 miles. 
 
 Either the roadway on the left bank (an exceedingly 
 pretty route) or the river side path may be taken. The road 
 passes through the lower part of Lydbrook, a large village 
 romantically situated in a narrow wooded valley, which leads
 
 5
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 6 1 
 
 up into the centre of the Forest of Dean. From here, the 
 tourist is recommended to walk to the Speech House, distant 
 four miles. This is a journey which will well repay him for 
 his trouble, as the miles of undulating country, covered with 
 oak woods and ferns, is a sight not soon forgotten. The 
 Station is nearly a mile beyond the village. If going by the 
 river side path from Kerne Bridge to Lydbrook, cross the 
 bridge, and take the upper path along the river bank for 
 some distance, as the bank itself is very stony. The path 
 follows the river very closely, and passes the pretty Church 
 of Welsh Bicknor, (so called in contradistinction to English 
 Bicknor, situated on the opposite bank of the river) which is 
 well worth examination. Cross the river by the railway bridge 
 to the Station. 
 
 Kerne Bridge to Lydbrook Station. A nearer way ; 
 two and a quarter miles. 
 
 Cross the bridge and take the road which crosses on an 
 arch, turning to the left. Keep to the left, pass through a 
 lodge gate, and along the carriage drive leading to Courtfield, 
 until another lodge is reached, then turn down a lane through 
 the wood on the right of this lodge, which brings the pe- 
 destrian to Welsh Bicknor Church and Rectory; turn to the 
 right, and cross the railway bridge to the Station. This route 
 is not recommended, as the river side is much the prettier. 
 
 Lydbrook Station to Symonds Yat, over the Coldwell 
 rocks, two and a half miles. 
 
 Take the path behind the water tank to English Bick- 
 nor, where the way to the Yat through Bicknor Walks may 
 be enquired for; or, take the same path until it comes out 
 into the road, then turn to the right, following a pathway
 
 62 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 through two fields, and then by a path leaving it at right 
 angles on the left. This path runs up through a beautiful 
 wood, into a meadow, cross this to the right, and through a 
 wicket gate into the wood again. The path, a well-kept one, 
 called Bicknor Walks, leads straight to the Yat ; every now 
 and then side paths will be met with on the right hand, 
 running on to jutting-out rocks which overhang the river. 
 These are the Coldwcll Rocks, and from them the most 
 beautiful views are exposed to the gaze of the delighted 
 beholder. About midway is a good spring of water, a capital 
 place for lunch. The pathway comes out at a wicket gate 
 close to the top of the Yat, about one hundred yards from 
 which are the remains of a Roman entrenchment ; to visit 
 this, pass through the opposite wicket gate and take the right 
 hand path. On coming through the first wicket gate from 
 the Bicknor Walks, turn to the right to the top of the Yat. 
 The Railway Station is just below, and the way down can- 
 not very well be missed. The best road goes beyond the 
 Station towards Monmouth, and then returns ; the other, a 
 shorter but much steeper path, brings the pedestrian down 
 nearer the tunnel. At the Station is a refreshment house, 
 where beds may be had ; and at the Ferry Inn, a quarter 
 of a mile higher up, capital accommodation can be obtained. 
 There is a path to the Yat along the river side, by trespassing 
 here and there upon the railway, and when the tunnel is 
 passed, turning round by some cottages to the top of the Yat ; 
 this route, however, is not recommended, the preceding one 
 being much the more preferable. The tourist, in going up 
 or down the river, is not recommended to follow the great 
 bend round by Whitchurch and Huntsham, as the route is 
 uninteresting, while the walk over the Coldwell Rocks and
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 63 
 
 the Yat is perhaps the most beautiful in the whole course 
 of the Wye. Should he, however, wish to do so, and if the 
 right bank of the river be taken, it will be necessary to go 
 to Huntsham, and cross at the ferry (see Kerne Bridge to 
 Symonds Yat). This route is five and a quarter miles from 
 Lydbrook, and the route by the left bank through Whitchurch 
 is five and three-quarter miles. In a clump of trees by the 
 side of the river, opposite Coldwell Rocks, may be seen a 
 monument erected to the memory of a youth who was 
 drowned there years ago, upon which is a long inscription 
 too full to be given here. 
 
 Symonds Yat to Lydbrook Station, over the Coldwell 
 Rocks, two and a half miles. 
 
 The tourist is strongly advised not to omit this lovely 
 walk. Pass through the wicket gate at the top of the Yat, 
 keeping the path nearest the river ; on coming out into a 
 meadow, cross the stile into the path which leads into the 
 wood again on the lower side to the left ; this path is very 
 steep and leads to another in a field below, follow this to 
 the right until you come into a lane by a cottage, keep round 
 to the left and the Station will soon be reached. 
 
 Symonds Yat to Lydbrook Station, by the river side, two 
 and a half miles. 
 
 Take the cart road towards Huntsham, but at the first 
 group of cottages, turn to the right and go down the steep 
 path to the river, where the track may be followed to the 
 Station, or to Lydbrook, three-quarters of a mile further on. 
 
 Symonds Vat to Monmouth (five miles), by the river 
 side.
 
 64 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Cross the ferry near the Station. The path, a good one, 
 runs a good deal higher than the river. Down amongst some 
 fir trees by the river, are seen the remains of the New Weir 
 Iron Works, long since dismantled. Three-quarters of a mile 
 further on, to the right of the path, is a dripping well, where 
 masses of calcareous matter have been formed by the water. 
 Opposite the keeper's lodge, where a boat is kept, is a cave 
 of some considerable dimensions ; a guide to this can be 
 procured from the refreshment house at the Yat, as the pro- 
 prietor of that establishment has now made a show-place of 
 it. There are many of these holes about the Cliffs, most 
 of them inaccessible. To return to our route, however, the 
 path, overhung with trees, keeps close to the river under the 
 cliffs of the Great Doward, called " The Seven Sisters," and 
 then the Little Doward is passed. On the top of this hill 
 is a very perfect British camp, and also an iron tower, from 
 which a fine view may be had ; but as the whole of the hill 
 is private ground, permission should be obtained from the 
 keeper at the cottage close to the river before commencing 
 the ascent. In a hollow under the Little Doward is seen one 
 of the most beautifully situated mansions on the Wye, called 
 "The Hyatt Leys." The path here soon comes out into the 
 turnpike road, but by far the most pleasant way is along the 
 river side, through the graveyard of the delightful little 
 Church at Dixon, from whence Monmouth is soon reached 
 
 Symonds Yat to Monmouth, over the Great Doward. 
 Four and three-quarter miles. 
 
 Cross the ferry near the Station, and turn to the left, 
 behind the private house with a balcony to it ; the pathway 
 is just above the stone wall, and leads into the wood through
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 65 
 
 a gate; keep the upper path, and when past some mine holes, 
 turn to the right Take the main path, which skirts the 
 wood for some distance, and when out in the open between 
 hedges, keep straight on until a quarry is reached, turn 
 under it to the left, and pass through an iron gate. The 
 rocks on the left are full of " holes," the last one, called 
 " King Arthur's Hall," is a few yards from the main path, 
 and has a trackway leading to it. Some years since it was 
 explored, and bones of hyenas, bears, and other animals long 
 extinct in England, were found. Pass through a field into 
 the wood again, and follow a very steep narrow path which 
 branches off to the river side and leads to the "Fish House;" 
 this is a good place for a camp out. The remainder of the 
 way is now the same as that given in the last route. 
 
 .Monmouth to Symonds Yat, over the Great Doward. 
 
 Take cither the river side path, or the Ross road through 
 Dixon, and then the footpath through the churchyard, along 
 the river side. When the " Fish House" is reached, turn 
 up a path at right angles to the river, and when it comes out 
 into another path, turn to the right. After passing through 
 a field, the pathway is bounded on the right by a line of cliff- 
 like rocks; at the commencement of which, a bye-path leads 
 to " King Arthur's Hall." Keep straight on through an iron 
 gate, and round the head of the quarry to the right; the path- 
 way skirts the wood for some distance and then enters it, 
 and if the pedestrian does not incline too much to the left, it 
 will be difficult to miss it. When out in the open again, the 
 ferry near the Station is seen close below. Should the pe- 
 destrian choose to do so, he can follow the river side path 
 all the way, which is perhaps the easiest and prettiest route. 
 
 H
 
 66 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 For further information relating to Monmouth and its 
 vicinity, the visitor is referred to the local guide books. 
 There is one walk, however, which although not within the 
 district described in this work, ought not to be missed by the 
 pedestrian; viz., from Monmouth on the Wye, to Newnham 
 on the Severn, through the Forest of Dean, fourteen or fifteen 
 miles. The road passes through Stanton, The Buckstone, 
 Colcford, The Speech House, Cinderford, Little Dean, and 
 Pleasant Stile, to Newnham. For this district the visitor is 
 recommended to purchase "A Week in the Forest of Dean," 
 published by J. Bellows, of Gloucester, a charming, accurate, 
 and pleasant little guide to the vicinity. 
 
 Ludlow to Hay Mill (Downton) and back. Twelve 
 miles. 
 
 Cross Ludford Bridge, and take the road turning sharp 
 to the right (Wigmore Road), through the Whitcliff Wood. 
 Just before the road begins to descend — two and a quarter 
 miles from Ludlow — there is a cart-road on the right, with a 
 wood on either side ; follow this road to the top of Bringe- 
 wood Chase, where, though somewhat obscure, it keeps along 
 the top of the ridge for about a mile, and then descends, 
 forming a Z, to the Hay Mill. The pedestrian will be in no 
 hurry to leave this beautiful spot. Follow the river a little 
 further to Bow Bridge, which cross, and climb the path up 
 the dingle to old Downton Church, now in a ruinous state. 
 Returning from Hay Mill, take the path by the river on the 
 Hereford side, past Downton Lodge, to Bringewood Forge 
 Bridge, (the views along the path are delightful) turn up the 
 bank to the right, and follow the cart-road to the right, until 
 it comes out into another road, which leads direct to Ludlow.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 67 
 
 The route may be varied by crossing Bringewood Forge 
 Bridge, keeping to the right to Bromfield, and thence through 
 Oakley Park to Ludlow. This would add a couple of miles 
 to the walk. 
 
 YVoofferton Station — Richard's Castle — High Vinnals — 
 Mary Knoll Dingle — Ludlow. Nine miles. 
 
 From the Station, take the road to the Salwey Arms Inn, 
 cross the railway bridge, and keep to the left; follow the road 
 for about two miles until it leads into the highway, then turn 
 down to the left for about 100 yards, where a road on the right 
 leads to Richard's Castle Church. Behind the churchyard, 
 in a tangle of underwood, are the remains of Richard's Castle. 
 A lane to the left of the churchyard leads to a spring of water, 
 called Boney Well, which, it is said, throws up fish bones at 
 certain times of the year. To resume the route, pass through 
 the churchyard and cross the stile at the other side into a 
 path kading across a field to a lane (the county boundary) ; 
 follow this to a common, take the path leading almost due 
 north (do not bear off to the left), when the upper boundary 
 of Hay Park will soon be reached. Here the road is plain 
 along the ridge, between fir plantations, as far as the High 
 Vinnals, an elevation at the end of the ridge, the view from 
 which, on a clear day, is very fine. From the summit, a 
 steep footpath on the left leads to the head of the Mary 
 Knoll 1 'ingle, a small track of broken moorland having to be 
 crossed. Keep down the stream, and cross it at the boundary, 
 when, a little way up the slope, a good pathway will be found 
 leading through the Dingle. About a mile further on is a 
 large quarry, a pathway on the left of which leads direct into 
 the Ludlow road, one and a quarter miles from the town.
 
 68 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 This lovely little valley is the scene of Milton's Comus, and 
 to the Entomologist, Botanist, or Geologist, is of especial 
 interest. 
 
 Ludlow — Wigmore — Deerfold Forest — Kinsham — Ay- 
 mestre — Kingsland, or YVoofferton. 
 
 If possible, two days should be spent in walking through 
 this beautiful and interesting district, taking the following 
 routes and stopping the night at Wigmore. An alternative 
 route, taking one day only, is given further on. 
 
 First Day. Ludlow — Wigmore via Bringewood Chase 
 and Hay Mill. Fourteen miles. 
 
 Take the route for Hay Mill previously described, cross 
 Bow Bridge, and follow the bank to a path which leads into 
 the road, follow the road and take the first turn to the right, 
 cross Crifton Ford Bridge, past Wigmore Grange into Wig- 
 more. Another route, which is longer by about two miles, 
 is by way of the Mary Knoll Dingle ; to go this way, leave 
 Ludlow by the Richard's Castle road, and, one and a quarter 
 miles distant, take a bye-path on the right which leads direct 
 up the dingle, on the left bank of the stream. At the head 
 of the valley, keep up the bank and cross over the stile into 
 the Wigmore road, when the road along Bringewood Chase 
 will be seen almost exactly opposite. 
 
 Second Day. Wigmore — Deerfold Forest — Chapel 
 Farm — Kinsham — Lye Pool — Aymestre — Kingsland, fifteen 
 miles; or, Aymestre — Croft Ambery — Orleton and Woofferton. 
 Seventeen miles. 
 
 After seeing the Church and Castle at Wigmore, take 
 one of the roads leading through Deerfold Forest If a visit
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 69 
 
 to Chapel Farm be desired, turn out of the village by the 
 Police Station, over Green Hill, and at the bottom of the 
 hill, directly after crossing the brook, is a track on the left 
 which leads to the farm; from here a path leads into the 
 road again. The main road through Deerfold Forest leaves 
 Wigmore by Wigmore Hall, the destination aimed at being 
 Kinsham, but in any case an ordnance map is indispensable, 
 the roads here being somewhat complicated. When Kinsham 
 is reached (by the main road), a path close to the entrance 
 gate of Kinsham Court leads down to the dingle. The course 
 of the Lugg may now be followed all the way to Aymestre, 
 passing Lye Pool Bridge, five miles. At Aymestre, if going to 
 Kingsland, turn to the right, cross the bridge and keep along 
 the main road (the old Roman Stone Street), over the battle 
 field of Mortimer's Cross to Kingsland Station, four miles. 
 To go by the other route, across Croft Ambery to Woofferton, 
 which is perhaps the most interesting, turn to the left for about 
 50 yards upon reaching the main road at Aymestre, when a 
 pathway on the right will be seen, follow this on through 
 the wood to the top of the ridge, turn to the left and follow 
 the cart road along Aymestre Hill to Croft Ambery, — a 
 British camp in good preservation, — from which extensive 
 views may be had. Follow the path 'along the ridge over 
 Whiteway Head and Ashley Moor to Orleton, a most inter- 
 esting village, and thence to Woofferton. 
 
 Berrington Station — Yarpole — Croft Ambery — Aymestre 
 — Kinsham — Wigmore — Ludlow, twenty four miles; or, Ay- 
 mestre — Lye Pool — Wigmore — Ludlow. Twenty miles. 
 
 The following route is given for the tourist who can 
 spare only one day for the journey. From Berrington take
 
 70 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 the direct road to Yarpole, then to Cock Gate; pass through 
 the lodge gate and up the carriage drive until quite near 
 Croft Castle; then take the path on the right through the 
 park along the side of the stream to the keeper's lodge, here 
 bear a little to the left and make for the summit of the hill 
 From the top, a track leads along the ridge in a S.W. direc- 
 tion, and a mile along this a pathway strikes off to the right 
 down the wood, and comes into the main road at Vatton 
 Court, Aymestre : there is an Inn close to the bridge. From 
 Aymestre follow the course of the Lugg, on its left bank, to 
 Kinsham (five miles), where the river side path comes into 
 a road ; turn sharp round to the right into the main road 
 which leads to Lingen, and then to the right, through Deer- 
 fold Forest to Wigmore. The shortest route from Wigmore 
 to Ludlow— through " Long " Leinthall and Elton — should 
 be taken, as probably there will not be much time to spare. 
 
 If the shorter route be taken, turn off to the right at 
 Lye Pool Bridge, which is two miles from Aymestre; take the 
 first turn to the right, and the second to the left, this leads to 
 Oakley Hill, and into a road which may be followed to Wig- 
 more ; or the road may be crossed and the path through the 
 wood held to ; this crosses another road and comes out at 
 "Wigmore Castle. In taking this walk, allowance should be 
 made for the country, which is very rough and uneven. 
 
 The Malvern Hills and Eastnor. 
 
 The Southern part of the Malvern range affords some 
 delightful walks, more especially the beautifully wooded track 
 round Eastnor and Midsummer Hill. Some interesting geo- 
 logical rambles in this district are described in ''Old Stones" 
 by Rev. W. S. Symonds.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 7 1 
 
 Ledbury — Eastnor, via the Obelisk — Herefordshire Bea- 
 con — The Wych — Colwall, ten miles ; or to the Worcester- 
 shire Beacon and Great Malvern. Ten and a half miles. 
 
 If Ledbury has not been visited, pass through it, and 
 take the Eastnor road. If however the town has been seen, 
 it will be better to leave the Station just beyond the water 
 tank, by a path which leads up the bank. On the top of the 
 bank keep to the right and into a lane, then to the left past 
 some cottages, and across a field into a road ; cross this road 
 and take one which leads down between steep banks, (called, 
 locally, " Cut-Throat Lane,") and then straight on — with the 
 telegraph wires on the left — by the road leading to Eastnor. 
 When opposite the entrance to Eastnor Castle, follow the 
 drive on the left for about half a mile, cross the dingle and 
 the obelisk will be seen. Beyond the obelisk keep along the 
 ridge, and leave the park by the keeper's cottage; the road 
 passes through a wood, and then along the side of the hill. 
 Soon after passing a cottage, where light refreshments may be 
 had, turn up the side of the hill and keep along the ridge; 
 if the road were adhered to, it would be difficult to ascend 
 the Herefordshire Beacon. The camp is one of the largest, 
 and perhaps the best specimen of a fortified British camp in 
 the kingdom ; the trenches are very perfect, the lower one 
 being three and three-quarter miles round. The Inn at the 
 top of the pass, where the road crosses the range, is a good 
 place to halt for refreshments. The Wych is a narrow pass, 
 two and a quarter miles from the British Camp Inn, and the 
 magnificent view of Worcestershire from the top is well 
 worth a visit. From the Wych tl nl is easy, the walk 
 
 to Colwall Station — one and a quarter miles— being rich in
 
 72 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 scenery; or the top of the Worcestershire Beacon — the highest 
 point of the range — may be gained by keeping along the ridge 
 for a mile; from here is a direct descent into Great Malvern. 
 
 Ledbury — Malvern ; taking in the Valley of the White- 
 leaved Oak and Midsummer Hill. Thirteen miles. 
 
 The district included in this walk and omitted in the 
 last, is the most beautiful part of the Malverns, but the least 
 known, probably on account of its distance from the railway. 
 
 Start as in the last route, but when at the entrance to 
 the gates of Eastnor Castle, keep along the Tewkesbury road 
 for a mile, when the ruins of Bramsil Castle will be seen on 
 the left ; a quarter of a mile further, a cart road leading to 
 Fowlets farm must be taken, and after passing through several 
 fields (keeping to the left), the Valley of the White-leaved 
 Oak, which is a beautiful secluded dingle studded with cot- 
 tages, will be reached. Take the road on the left at the end 
 of the valley, which leads into the main road, and follow this 
 in the direction of Ledbury. On the summit of the road, 
 known as the "Hollybush Pass," is a large quarry, of especial 
 interest to the geologist. On the right, at a short distance 
 on, is a gate at the entrance to a quarry road, and close by 
 on the opposite side, is a stile. The path leading up Mid- 
 summer Hill commences here, but it will be worth while to 
 walk a hundred yards along the old Roman road, (Wain 
 Street) to examine its construction, which is here very perfect 
 The path gradually ascends the side of the hill, but it is better 
 perhaps to make one's way direct to the top, through gorse 
 and fern. On the top of the hill is an interesting British camp, 
 but not nearly so perfect as that at the Herefordshire Beacon. 
 In descending the hill, keep well on the Herefordshire side,
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE 73 
 
 and cross the "Gullet," which lies between this hill and the 
 next ; the path then lies up a lane to the keeper's lodge men- 
 tioned in the former route, and the remainder of the journey 
 is the same. 
 
 The Black Mountains. 
 
 Tell an inhabitant of Hereford that within sight of the 
 City, and only half an hour's ride from it, is a mountain three- 
 fourths the height of Snowdon, and you will probably astonish 
 him. Yet such is the case, and it is strange that this grand 
 group of mountains is almost unknown to the artist, being 
 as it is, especially interesting, both to the geologist, as the 
 greatest mass of Old Red Sandstone in England, and to the 
 antiquary, as containing the ruins of the extensive Priory of 
 Llanthony. Let the tourist, on a clear day, take his stand 
 on the centre arch of the Wye Bridge at Hereford, and look 
 up the river, and he will sec bounding the horizon, a long, 
 level, dark range of mountains, making a sudden dip at the 
 right edge. About midway along the range is a peak called 
 the Pen-y-Cader-fawr, or "The Cader," which rises above the 
 uniform level, and is the highest point of the range, viz., 
 2,630 feet above the level of the sea. To the left, another 
 mountain may be seen breaking the outline ; this is l'en-alt- 
 mawr, 2,361 feet high, and is the second highest point. To the 
 observer, the range appears to be one ridge, but this is not 
 the case, as there are really three running parallel to each 
 other, and all of about the same height; the "Cader" is on 
 the third range, and " Pen-alt " is the summit of an outlying 
 spur beyond. The Herefordshire boundary runs along the 
 top of the first ridge, but an isolated portion of the county, 
 "The Fwthog," runs right into the mountains. The Stations 
 
 1
 
 74 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 at Llanvihangel and Tandy on the Newport line, and I lay 
 and Talgarth on the Brecon Railway, form good starting 
 points for the traveller. 
 
 l'andy to Llanthony Priory, over the mountains. Five 
 miles. 
 
 Take the road from the Station leading under the rail- 
 way at the Inn, and at the cross roads pass through an avenue 
 of lime trees, and then through another of Scotch firs. When 
 opposite Trewyn house, turn to the right past some buildings 
 and a saw pit, then through a large gate, and along a path 
 through an iron wicket gate. Follow the path over a stile and 
 through a gate into a lane ; keep on to the end of this lane, 
 and then pass through the left of the three gates, and take 
 the foot path up the side of the ploughed field, and through 
 the gate at the top. The open mountain is now reached, and 
 the path ascends its side at a steep angle, bearing a little to 
 the right. The top of the ridge is gained near a cottage with 
 a large stone wall enclosure; keep close to the wall and a cart- 
 road will be found on the west side of the enclosure. This 
 road must be followed along the centre of the ridge for about 
 a mile ; the mountain then opens out into a large plateau, 
 but the road must be maintained in spite of temptations to 
 wander. A mile further, the mountain narrows to a ridge 
 again, and a little way on, the Priory ruins will be seen in the 
 valley on the left, while Herefordshire, with the Castle and 
 Church of Longtown below in the foreground, stretches away 
 on the right. A stone wall runs up from the valley on the left, 
 and the path, which cannot easily be missed, turns down just 
 above the wall ; follow this straight into a wood, turn through 
 the gate on the left, and in a short time the Priory will be 
 reached.
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 75 
 
 Llanvihangel to Llanthony Priory, via the Gaer. Seven 
 and a half miles. 
 
 A mountain walk affording totally distinct views from the 
 Pandy route. From the Station, follow the Llanthony road for 
 about one and a half miles to a small Inn, turn up the stony 
 lane to the left, and ascend the hill to the Gaer, an ancient 
 camp commanding the entrances to the Ewias and Grwynne 
 valleys, and which, although of no great altitude, affords the 
 best view of the mountain group. The road keeps along the 
 summit of the ridge, and has a track turning off to the left 
 at the narrowest part, leading to the " Cader," but keep to the 
 right, and about three and a half miles from the Gaer, the 
 mountain increases in height ; the higher part looking like a 
 round hill is called Bal-mawr. At this point leave the track 
 and turn to the right, across the heather to the head of a 
 ravine about two hundred yards away, a short distance from 
 which a pathway will be found on the left, above the stream, 
 leading through a farm yard. Do not keep the main road, but 
 pass through a gate on the right into a lane, then through a 
 meadow by the side of the Honddhu, cross at the foot bridge, 
 and the Priory is close at hand. 
 
 Llanvihangel to Llanthony, up the valley. Seven miles. 
 
 This is the best route for driving, as there is a good road 
 along the valley for the entire distance. It is also a pretty- 
 walk, but not to be compared with the one over the mountain 
 from Pandy. A conveyance may be hired from the Inn at 
 Llanvihangel. 
 
 Llanvihangel to Pen-y-Cader. Ten miles. 
 
 A stiff walk, only to be attempted by good pedestrians. 
 From the Station, follow the Abergavenny road for about a
 
 76 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 mile, cross a brook and take the first turn, over a gate, to the 
 right, which leads up a cart road to a ruined farm house. 
 Here, turn to the right, where a good path leads down to a 
 stream running through a dense grove of chestnuts, cross the 
 stream and follow the main path to Bettws. Here take the 
 road on the right as far as the Globe Inn, where the road 
 divides, keep to the right, and cross a small brook and a stone 
 stile into a meadow, where the path crosses a bridge, called 
 "Pont-Yspig" (there is another of the same name lower 
 down). Keep straight up the lane, avoiding turns, to a cross 
 road, and take the path in front up the mountain. When the 
 open hill side is gained, the path ceases, so here the map and 
 pocket compass should be called into requisition. Keep to 
 the left of the elevation, called " Crwg-mawr," and after pass- 
 ing the head of Cwm-Beusych, a path coming up from the 
 left will be struck, which can be followed as long as it keeps 
 to the top of the ridge, but the latter must be adhered to ; 
 there is no path, and the rest of the route, about four miles, 
 is often knee deep in heather. The conical peak of the 
 " Cader" rises up somewhat suddenly, but is ascended without 
 difficulty. The extent of the view of course depends upon 
 the weather, but the near groups of mountains are very fine, 
 and should the day be clear, the scene is one of impressive 
 grandeur. 
 
 Pen-y-Cader to Llanvihangel. Ten miles. 
 
 Keep along the top of the ridge in a S.S.W. direction 
 straight for the Sugar-loaf; when nearing the end of the ridge 
 keep to the left of Disgulfa and Crwg-mawr, and descend by 
 Peny-hoel-hir to Pont-Yspig. After crossing the bridge, follow 
 the road past the Globe Inn, and then turn to the left to go
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 77 
 
 round Coal-pit hill. When out on the open hill, take the 
 first turn to the right, and follow the path which leads past 
 Pen-y-clawd direct to the Station. 
 
 Llanvihangcl to Pen-y-Cader, via the Gaer. Ten miles. 
 
 Keep along the Llanthony road to the Queen's Head 
 Inn ; opposite this, turn up a stony lane which leads to the 
 right of the Gaer Cam]), and continues along the ridge. About 
 one and a half miles past the Gaer, near a cottage with a 
 stone enclosure, the road divides ; keep to the left below the 
 enclosure, and follow this road for about three and a half 
 miles, it gradually becoming less distinct. Follow the stone 
 wall, at the end of which, turn down the mountain stream on 
 the left, and cross it at the stepping stones. The " Cader " is 
 now directly opposite, and can easily be climbed. The best 
 ascent appears to be between Nant-y-Cader and Cwm-y-how. 
 
 Llanthony Priory to Pandy. Five miles. 
 
 Pass through the wicket gate in the East wall of the 
 Priory, and take the path sloping along the side of the hill, 
 through a wood and a field, then along a cart road in an 
 enclosure, through another wood and up the mountain side, 
 until near the summit, where a stone wall turns short off to 
 the right. The path, which is here rather obscure, bears off 
 a little in the same direction as the wall, and runs along the 
 centre of the ridge for about two miles, when a cottage with 
 a stone wall enclosure is reached. Leave this on the right, 
 and when near the end of the wall, take a steep path leading 
 down the side, passing just above a yew tree (the only one in 
 sight). The Station will then be seen in the valley, but the 
 path leads straight to a large house with a detached dovecote, 
 and it is best to follow it. After passing through a gate in a
 
 78 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 stone wall nearly at the foot of the mountain, the path leads 
 across a ploughed field into a lane, a little way down which, 
 turn through the gate on the left, and the house above men- 
 tioned will be reached. Follow the carriage drive down 
 through an avenue of Scotch firs, and then through another 
 of limes, into the road, when passing under the railway bridge 
 the Station will be gained. 
 
 Pandy to the " Cat's Back," returning along the top of 
 the ridge, eighteen miles ; or, on to Hay. Seventeen miles. 
 
 The " Cat's back " is a curious outlying spur of the range 
 on the Herefordshire side. Take the main road from Pandy 
 through Clodock and Longtown past the Castle, and about a 
 mile beyond take the road on the left to Llanveyno. At Llan- 
 veyno Church take the road on the right, and a few yards 
 beyond the first farm house on the right, turn up a path to 
 the left through a grove of holly trees ; this path leads to the 
 foot of the hill. Climb up the "Rhiw" at the end of the ridge 
 ■ — bearing to the right — as the sides beyond are much too 
 steep to climb ; keep along the top of the ridge, which is 
 exceedingly narrow, until it joins the main range ; turn back 
 along this to Tandy, or, if Hay be the destination, make for 
 the " Bwlch;" in either case there is no path, and the walking 
 is rough. 
 
 Pandy to Hay. Seventeen miles. 
 
 The pedestrian may take either the valley route, past 
 Llanthony Abbey and Capel-y-fyn, or, keep the mountain 
 ridge the whole of the way. If the valley route be chosen, 
 take the route to Llanthony already described, and then 
 follow the main road up ]the valley. Three miles on is Capel- 
 y-fyn, a little to the left of which, off the road, is the new
 
 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 79 
 
 Monastery of Llanthony, founded by Father Ignatius a few 
 years since. From Capel-y-fyn take the main road up the 
 valley on the right, and then keep the road on the left which 
 leads to the " Bwlch ;" the top of the pass is 1,700 feet above 
 sea level. The mountain road, which runs on the right of the 
 valley facing, must then be struck into, and two and a half 
 miles on, to the right of a group of fir trees, Hen-alt is reached, 
 when the enclosed lane must be followed. A short way down, 
 turn along a footpath on the right, which leads through a 
 beautiful wood to a cottage — Dan-y-fforest— and then Hay is 
 in full sight. The path leads straight on through the fields, 
 across a brook and a road into the town. 
 
 Pandy to Hay riit Rhiw-wen. Twenty-four miles. 
 
 A valley route, and the same as the last as far as Capel- 
 y-fyn. Just before reaching the Church there, turn up the lane 
 to the left past the new Monastery. The road follows the 
 valley, and is a gradual incline. The Rhiw-wen pass is perhaps 
 the finest in the district, and when the summit is reached, and 
 a small tract of moor traversed, the mountain suddenly drops 
 some 1,000 feet in a steep escarpment, and a panorama of 
 fertile valley scenery extending from the Brecon Beacons to 
 Credenhill lies at one's feet. The path winds down the side 
 of the mountain, and then dies off into a wide common, from 
 which it is difficult to describe an exact route ; so the pedes- 
 trian with the aid of his map must make his way along bye 
 paths to the village of l.lanigon, when the main road to Hay 
 will be struck. 
 
 Talgarth to Pcn-y-Cader. Seven and a quarter miles. 
 
 The easiest and nearest route, but the first part by no 
 mean 1 find, so that the map must be closely StUi
 
 80 WALKS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Leave the town by the Church, and take the road on the right. 
 The destination to be enquired for is the " Rhos-fach " com- 
 mon; cross this, and then make for the steep path leading up 
 the mountain side, called " Rhiw-cwm-slab." The cross range 
 or bluff which connects the ends of the three mountain ranges, 
 is very steep towards Hay and Talgarth, and is traversed by 
 three passes, " The Bwlch," " The Rhiw-wen," and " The 
 Rhiw-cwm-slab." When the top of the pass is reached, turn 
 off the path to the right along the mountain top, and after 
 two and a half miles travelling in a south-westerly direction, 
 the " Cader " will be reached. 
 
 Pcn-y-Cader to Talgarth, seven and a quarter miles ; or, 
 by Llangorse Lake. Thirteen miles. 
 
 Descend into the Gnvynnc-fechan valley (not that at 
 Llanthony) by Nant-y-Cader, cross the stream at the bottom, 
 and a path will be found on the mountain side, a little higher 
 up, -which must be followed to the right to the top of the 
 ridge, where it divides, the path on the right leading direct 
 into the main road for Talgarth. If it be determined to walk 
 by way of Llangorse Lake, take the path on the left leading 
 up the valley to the left of Mynydd Troed, consulting the 
 map carefully. Keeping straight on, the path crosses the ridge 
 which connects Mynydd Troed and Mynydd Llangorse, and 
 then overlooks Llangorse and the Lake ; the descent is easy, 
 and the main road from Llangorse to Talgarth — four miles — 
 may be taken. The Grwynne-fechan is the most secluded of 
 all the numerous valleys in this range, nothing to be seen 
 but the bare mountain sides with the stream running through 
 the valley. Llangorse Lake is the largest sheet of water in 
 South Wales, and has the Brecon Beacons for a background.
 
 BOATING, 
 
 " II is called Wye at Monmouth; but it is out of my pxaina 
 what is the name of the other river, but 'tis all one, 'tis alike as 
 my fingers is to my fingers, and there is Salmons in both." 
 
 King Henry V. 
 
 THE Wye is the only water in Herefordshire available 
 for the boating man. Until very recently it was 
 possible to come down the Severn to Gloucester, and 
 then by means of the Hereford and Gloucester Canal to 
 reach the Wye at Hereford, but that route is now closed. 
 The Lugg is at no part of its course easily navigable, even in 
 a canoe. The Tcme has been attempted from Ludlow by 
 canoeists, but the journey was nearly as long on terra fir ma 
 as on water ; the Wye, however, unsurpassed by any other 
 English river for the beauty of its scenery, is the beau ideal 
 of a boating river for all except those whose heart's delight 
 it is to be towed. Its current consists of a series of deep 
 pools and shallow streams, the latter having a rather rapid 
 fall, and consequently none but the most energetic should 
 J
 
 S2 BOATING. 
 
 attempt to travel up stream. No specific directions can be 
 given as to the best method to avoid going aground in com- 
 ing down these streams, because the bed of the river is con- 
 stantly being altered by floods ; the only general rule is to 
 take the eye of the stream, that is, where the water appears 
 to take the form of a V, as in so doing the deepest part of 
 the river is traversed. With a slight fresh in the river however, 
 say two feet above summer level, this difficulty disappears, 
 but unless the tourist be a fair oarsman, it is perhaps the safest 
 course to employ the services of a waterman who thoroughly 
 understands the river. In speaking of the right or left bank 
 of the river the true right and left is always meant. 
 
 Every mile of the Wye, from Boughrood where it first 
 becomes navigable, to Chepstow where it joins the Severn 
 Sea, a distance of over one hundred miles, is full of interest. 
 Although the highest possible starting point is at Boughrood, 
 it is better to start from Glasbury, the Station there, as also 
 at Hay, being near the river. The best boats on the river 
 are furnished by Richard Jordan, at Hereford, who can pro- 
 vide the tourist with anything floatable, from a small canoe 
 to a boat capable of taking a party of twenty. Hobbs, of 
 Ross, and Fuller, of Monmouth, also let out boats for hire. 
 The approximate cost of boats from Hereford to Chepstow 
 is as follows, the sums specified including carriage back to 
 Hereford ; for canoes, £ i ; for boat and man for a party 
 of five, £4 to £5. 
 
 The following are the approximate distances between 
 the various towns on the river: Glasbury to Hay, eight miles; 
 Hay to Hereford, thirty four miles; Hereford to Ross, twenty 
 eight miles; Ross to Monmouth, twenty two miles; and Mon- 
 mouth to Chepstow, twenty miles.
 
 • !■■-:
 
 BOATING. 83 
 
 Should it be decided to come down from Glasbury or 
 Hay to Hereford, boats can be sent on from the latter place 
 by rail, and to avoid expense it is best to select such as will 
 travel on a single carriage truck, the charge for which to 
 either place is eight shillings. The trip is quite safe, although 
 some exciting rapids and shallows require care. Should the 
 tourist wish to make a two days' journey of it, he will find 
 comfortable quarters at the " Lion," a public house about a 
 quarter of a mile from Bredwardine bridge, on the right bank. 
 Soon after passing this bridge, Moccas Court, the seat of the 
 Rev. Sir G. H. Cornewall is passed on the right, and half a 
 mile below the iron bridge leading into the Park, are Mon- 
 nington Rocks. Here the river is divided by an island, and 
 should a Utile excitement be wished for in shooting the left 
 branch, it would be advisable to land a short distance above 
 on the left bank, and make a survey of the falls to ascertain 
 if there is sufficient water over the rocks; if however it is 
 decided to go straight on, keep the island on the left. At the 
 third wooded bank on the left (Bridge Sollers) after passing 
 the rocks look out for a row of snags. From thence on to 
 Hereford is plain sailing. The principal points of interest on 
 the journey are Maesllwch Castle, Hay, Clifford Castle — the 
 birth place of Fair Rosamund — Whitney Court, Meerbach 
 (pronounced Murbage) Point, Bredwardine, where there is a 
 Cromlech, Moccas Court, Brobury Scaur, Offa's Dyke at By- 
 ford, very perfect, (on the left bank), The Weir, just below 
 which are the remains of an old Roman bridge leading from 
 Keiu hesier, the remains of the pier foundations being visible 
 at low water, and the Weir Cliff. 
 
 From Hereford to Chepstow.
 
 84 BOATING. 
 
 From Hereford, the journey to Chepstow is usually done 
 in three days, stopping the first night at Ross, and the second 
 at Monmouth. Should the tourist be pressed for time, it can 
 be done in two days, the night being passed at Symonds Yat 
 Boats can be returned to Hereford by road or rail. 
 
 Starting from Jordan's boat-yard, on the right are some 
 bark ricks where formerly stood St. Martin's Church, des- 
 troyed at the siege of Hereford by the Scotch Army, 1642. 
 Shooting under the arches of the old Wye bridge, the Bishop's 
 Palace and garden are first passed on the left, and then the 
 hall and garden of the College of Vicars Choral. Past the 
 bank of the Castle Green is the Hereford General Infirmary, 
 erected in 1776 by public subscription. A short distance 
 below on the right is a small hamlet, buried in trees, called 
 Putson, i.e., Puttcis Town, from St. Putta, Bishop of Hereford, 
 who is said to have made this place his favourite residence ; 
 thence on the same bank to Bullingham or Bullinghope 
 (Belin's sloping plain) where is a large school conducted by 
 the Roman Catholic Sisterhood of St. Vincent de Paul. 
 
 Passing this, the river takes a sharp turn to the left, and 
 runs under the Great Western Railway bridge ; directly after 
 the bridge, a steep wooded bank is seen on the left, which is 
 called the Vineyard, from having been formerly a vineyard 
 attached to the See of Hereford. 
 
 The river now opens out into a deep pool, on the left 
 bank of which is Litley House ; at the end of the pool on 
 the right is a very fine grove of Spanish chestnut trees, and 
 here is Rotherwas, the seat of the Bodenham family, an old 
 brick mansion of the Elizabethan period. About a mile
 
 BOATING. 85 
 
 further down is the village of Hampton Bishop, formerly a 
 manor attached to the See of Hereford ; there is a very quiet 
 comfortable Inn here, "The Carrots," where the angler would 
 find good quarters. The river now takes a bend to the right, 
 and going down the reach, the voyager gets a fine view of a 
 wooded hill which rises almost from the water's edge, and 
 gradually heightening, culminates in Dinedor Hill, where 
 there is an old Roman camp. 
 
 At the end of this reach the river bends again almost 
 at a right angle, exposing a cliff of red clay and marl, and 
 past Dinedor Court is another, about half a mile from which, 
 lower down, the river is joined by the Lugg. On the left 
 bank is Mordiford, celebrated in days of yore for its dragon, 
 whose name still survives in Dragon's Lane, above which, 
 embowered in trees, is seen Sufton Court, the seat of Richard 
 Hereford, Esq., held for six centuries by the family of the 
 present owners, by service of presenting the king with a pair 
 of gilt spurs whenever he crossed Mordiford Bridge. The 
 high wooded hills on the left are interesting to the geologist, 
 as forming the Woolhope Valley of elevation. 
 
 Passing under Fownhope bridge, the voyager soon sees 
 on his right, about a mile away, Holme Lacy House, the seat 
 of Sir H. Scudamore Stanhope, Bart. Lower down, on the 
 same bank of the river, stands Holme Lacy Church, a Norman 
 structure dedicated to St. Andrew, containing monuments of 
 the Norfolk and Scudamore families. In the parsonage garden, 
 and visible from the river, there is a very remarkable pear tree, 
 which has been known to bear in a favourable season, fruit, 
 yielding as much as 1,500 gallons of perry.
 
 86 BOATING. 
 
 Opposite, on the side of the hill, is the village of Fown- 
 hope. The scenery here, although pretty, is comparatively 
 flat, but, beyond the spot where the railway nearly touches 
 the river, it begins to get bolder. After passing Ballingham 
 and Caplar Hill, where large quarries are worked, the traveller 
 arrives at a beautiful reach of water with high woods on the 
 left Near the end of this pool is Carey Island, a succession 
 of island which divides the river into two channels. In spite 
 of the fact that the right channel appears to be the narrower 
 and less feasible, the traveller must be careful to adopt this 
 course instead of going to the left, where there are several 
 weirs, and where it is in fact impossible to pass except with 
 a flood. After the island, is the first railway bridge over 
 the Wye since that at Hereford, and here a very pretty scene 
 meets the gaze. Just over the hill on the left is Fawley, some 
 distance on is the little village of King's Caple, where is a 
 tumulus, and a little lower down is Pennoxtone, the seat of 
 Sir E. C. Cockburn, Bart. Passing Pennoxtone, the river 
 begins to assume a very picturesque aspect on account of its 
 numerous windings. Sellack, on the right bank of the river, 
 is soon reached, and beyond that, Baysham Court, the resi- 
 dence of Thomas Duckham, Esq., M.P. for the county. 
 
 Passing under the railway bridge the traveller finds him- 
 self once more at Fawley, on the left bank; two miles further, 
 on the same bank, How Caple is passed, a very pretty, pic- 
 turesque spot The next village on the opposite bank is Foy, 
 near which is Ingestone House, said to be the place where 
 King James I. was entertained by Sergeant Hoskins with the 
 twelve celebrated Morris Dancers, the average age of whom 
 was ioo years. Nearly opposite is a place called Hole in the
 
 BOATING. $7 
 
 Wall, where are the remains of some ancient buildings. A 
 short distance below, Brampton Abbots is passed, where was 
 formerly a cell attached to the Cathedral Church of Glouces- 
 ter ; soon after this is seen the " heaven directed " s,pire of 
 Ross Church, famous for the beauty of its design, and very 
 quickly Ross is reached. 
 
 The principal Hotels at Ross are, "The Royal," "The 
 Swan," "The King's Head" and "The George." Objects of 
 interest : The Church, the Market House, and the Prospect. 
 
 Leaving Ross, the first object of interest on the left is 
 the Man of Ross Walk, then Wilton Bridge, facing the ruins 
 of the Old Castle, built by the Greys in the time of Edward 
 I., and now the property of Guy's Hospital. After about 
 three miles of pleasant scenery, we come to Hill Court on 
 the left, the central part of which is said to have been planned 
 by the Man of Ross; not far beyond on the right is Pencraig, 
 a very pretty spot And now one of the grandest views on 
 the Wye meets the eye of the traveller, viz., the wooded 
 heights of Goodrich, surmounted by the ruins of the Castle. 
 
 The early history of this Castle is lost in obscurity, the 
 first that we hear being a grant of it by King John to William 
 Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. Erom the Marshalls it passed 
 into the hands of the Valances, and from theirs in the reign 
 of Edward II. to the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, in whose 
 hands it continued until 1617, when it passed to the Greys, 
 Earls of Kent, in whose family it continued until 1740. 
 During the Civil Wars of 1642 — 49 it was alternately held by 
 the Royalists and Parliamentarians, during which time the 
 living of Goodrich was held by the Rev. Thomas Swift, grand- 
 father of the celebrated Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St.
 
 88 BOATING. 
 
 Patrick's, Dublin. Just below is Flanesford Priory, formerly 
 a Priory of Augustine Canons, founded in 1347 by Robert 
 Talbot, the only remains of which are part of the Church, 
 now used as a barn. 
 
 The Wye here begins to change its character altogether, 
 its banks become rugged and rocky, but still more or less 
 wooded, and it is from Goodrich Castle that Wye scenery 
 may be said properly to commence. 
 
 About a mile below Goodrich is Kerne Bridge, built of 
 stone, and crossing the river by a single span. The view 
 from above the bridge, with the rocky hills for a background, 
 makes a perfect picture ; a little farther on is the compara- 
 tively ugly bridge by which the Ross and Monmouth Railway 
 crosses the river. 
 
 There is now a very wide bend round the Courtfield 
 Estate, past Lydbrook on the left, to Welsh Bicknor Church 
 on the right, just below which the railway line again crosses. 
 The river now takes a comparatively straight course for about 
 a mile and a half, through lovely scenery, with the Coldwell 
 rocks on the left bank ; these are a succession of limestone 
 rocks standing out in bold relief against a perpendicular 
 height, appearing to overhang the river, and culminating in 
 the far-famed Symonds Yat (or Gate). From this, the last and 
 highest of the rocky points, the river glances to the right, 
 and after making a bend of three miles, past the old-fashioned 
 village of Whitchurch, conies back again to the other side of 
 the hill, within 300 yards of the same spot. Here is the 
 village of New Weir, where there is a good Inn, a refreshment 
 house, a ferry and a railway Station (Symonds Vat), and the 
 hills around are studded with numerous white cottages, the
 
 BOATING. 89 
 
 lights from which at night have a very pleasing effect There 
 are many caves all about here in the limestone rocks, from 
 which, flint implements, and the bones of long since extinct 
 animals have been procured. The river now runs through a 
 wooded gorge, with the Great and Little Doward Hills on 
 the right ; directly after the latter is passed, a sharp bend to 
 the left is made, and after about a mile and a half of tolerably 
 straight course, Monmouth is reached. 
 
 Before starting from Monmouth, it will be as well to inquire 
 of the boatman at what time the tide will ebb, and how the 
 shallows just below the bridge should be managed; this little 
 difficulty having been surmounted, and a mile or so of river 
 traversed, Penalt Court is seen on the right, and another 
 mile lower down, the villages of Upper and Lower Redbrook. 
 Here are some extensive iron works, as may be seen from 
 the colour of the stream which joins the Wye. After winding 
 between woods and hills for another four miles, and passing 
 under a bridge which carries the turnpike road over the river, 
 and near which is an old camp, Bigswear is reached, the 
 highest point at which the tide is perceptible, and half a mile 
 lower down is Llandogo ; four miles further is Brockweir on 
 the left, and at a little distance from the right bank, about 
 a mile below, is the little village of Tintern Parva. At the 
 sound of this magic name, the traveller begins eagerly to look 
 out for the Abbey, and before long, after a bend of about 
 half a mile to the left, the grey stones of its wonderful ruins 
 are seen on the right bank, rising apparently from the water's 
 edge. Before leaving Tintern, the traveller should pay a visit 
 to the Wyndcliff, about two miles nearer Chepstow : this is 
 a magnificent rock overhanging the river, and from which a 
 
 K
 
 90 I'.OATING. 
 
 grand view is obtained. Looking to the right over the Bristol 
 Channel will be seen the English Coast stretching away almost 
 into Devonshire, and] the Channel studded with numerous 
 sails, with the sister islands, the Steep and Flat Holmes, lying 
 opposite Weston-super-Mare, while to the front and left is 
 Gloucestershire, and the ever-winding Wye. 
 
 Half way down the rock is a cottage lined inside and out 
 with moss, where a rest may be had for a modest sum. 
 
 Returning to the boat, and leaving Tintern at the turn 
 of the tide, the river flows past immense cliffs, rising first on 
 the one side and then on the other, the most noticeable of 
 which are the Wyndcliff, and some overhanging rocks called 
 "The Twelve Apostles." The hand of the destroyer is how- 
 ever unfortunately at work here, the rock being quarried, and 
 immense quantities of stone sent off in barges, which come 
 and go with every tide. Before reaching Chepstow (about 
 seven miles from the Abbey) is Pearcefield, at which point 
 commences a series of beautifully wooded views, terminating 
 in an abrupt precipice, rising perpendicularly from the water, 
 on the summit of which are perched the grim ruins of 
 Chepstow Castle.
 
 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE, 
 
 "Sir Roger has in his youth gone through the whole course of 
 those rural diversions which the country abounds in." 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 ALTHOUGH the County may not blow so loud a 
 trumpet in Sporting matters as its neighbours, 
 Shropshire and Worcestershire, it is very little, if 
 at all, behind them in all that appertains to sport, doing its 
 part fairly, though unostentatiously as we propose to show ; 
 while in some respects, especially in the fisheries, it un- 
 doubtedly takes the lead of the majority of English counties. 
 
 Commencing with Hunting — the sport of kings — it will be 
 found that the county boasts of five packs of foxhounds and 
 one of harriers, kennelled within its precincts. The two packs 
 which are stationed near the City itself may be properly con- 
 sidered the County packs, especially as they have sprung out 
 of the Old Herefordshire hounds, which was thirty years ago 
 the central and almost only pack in the county.
 
 92 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Outside these, as it were, are the following packs, viz:— 
 the Ledbury, on the East, with a country stretching away 
 to Malvern and Upton-on-Severn ; the West Herefordshire, 
 uniting with the Western district of the county, the lower 
 portion of Radnorshire ; the Ludlow, taking a large slice of 
 the Northern part of the county and uniting to it part of 
 South Shropshire ; and the Ross Harriers on the South, dis- 
 coursing their sweet music over the Ryelands. A short 
 description of the packs and their countries may not be out 
 of place here. 
 
 The North Herefordshire is the most central, the kennels 
 being at Whitecross, about a mile from the Cathedral. 
 
 Their country stretches away northward to Leominster, 
 where it joins the Ludlow ; Stockton Cross, Berrington (Lord 
 Rodney's seat), Bockleton and Edwin's Wood being their 
 boundary meets on that side ; passing south-east it touches 
 the Ledbury country, Gaines, Canon Frome, and Hall Court 
 being their limits there; from thence southward the Worcester 
 and Hereford Railway is the boundary as far as Withington 
 Station, when it crosses the line, taking in Lugwardine and 
 Longworth before Hereford is again reached. From Here- 
 ford on the south-western side, the Wye is the boundary as 
 far as Monnington, where it joins the West Herefordshire. 
 Crossing the river here, a line of country through Weobley to 
 Pembridge is taken, from which place the Leominster and 
 Kington Railway may be considered the boundary as far as 
 Leominster. The country taken as a whole is a nice open 
 one, especially their meets within six miles of Hereford on 
 the Bromyard and Ledbury sides ; Bosley's Gorse, Brockhall 
 Wood, Breinton, and Lugwardine are the home meets, where,
 
 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 93 
 
 if a fox is at home, a gallop over a good country is almost a 
 certainty. The Stockton Cross, Docklow, and Edwin's Wood 
 countries hold the best scent and best foxes as a rule, but are 
 very hilly and not easy to get over. The woodland country is 
 embraced in the big chain of woods which stretches from 
 Hampton Court to Credenhill, and thence to Foxley, Gam- 
 stone, and Ivington, and is a grand nursery for foxes, forming 
 the back-bone of the country if well hunted, which however 
 has seldom been the case of late years; Venn's Wood and 
 Gorse, West Hide, Tancreds Walls, Canon Frome and Mars- 
 ton Firs are also favourite coverts that seldom disappoint their 
 friends. The country has a fair sprinkling of grass, intermixed 
 with plough, and has very little game preserving that goes far 
 enough to interfere with fox life, but in wet weather it rides 
 very deep and holding. Hunting days, Mondays and Thurs- 
 days. 
 
 The South Herefordshire Hounds have their kennels at 
 present at Bryngwyn (five miles from the city), the seat of 
 the master, James Rankin, Esq., M.P. for Leominster, and 
 they hunt a large tract of country. 
 
 Crossing the Wye at Mordiford, four miles south of the 
 city, the boundary extends from thence to Stoke Edith, Fown- 
 hope and l'errystone on the east, and to Ross on the south, 
 then turning westward it runs to Trebandy and Broad Oak, 
 where it joins the Monmouthshire country, taking the river 
 Monnow for its limit as far as Pontrilas. Still trending west- 
 ward it runs on to Hacton and Chanston, where the West 
 Herefordshire is joined, and then crossing the head of the 
 Golden Valley to the Wye at Moccas, follows the south bank 
 of that river to Mordiford. The country is a much lighter
 
 94 SPORTINO HF.REFORDSHIRK. 
 
 one to ride than the north, especially between Hereford and 
 Ross, and although the woodlands are numerous, they are 
 more dispersed than in the former country. The principal 
 strongholds of the country are: Aconbury Hill and Aylestone 
 Wood on the Ross side ; Baggalidiatt and Kentchurch on 
 Monnow side; and Whitfield, Tymberlyne, Gilbert's Hill and 
 Chanston on the west. The favourite meets are at Harewood 
 End, Ruckhall, Rotherwas, Holme Lacy and St. Weonard's ; 
 while those whose delight is woodland hunting, rejoice in 
 Aconbury, Abbey Dore and Whitfield. Hunting days, Tues- 
 days and Fridays. 
 
 The Ledbury country is a merry little kingdom, lying 
 between the North Herefordshire and the two Worcestershire 
 packs, the nearest meet to Hereford being ten miles distant. 
 The Malvern range is its eastern, and the Severn its southern 
 boundary ; the vales of Newent and Upton are its cham- 
 paign country, and the woodlands of Eastnor, Bosbury, Putley 
 and May Hill are its strongholds, which, affording good 
 holding for foxes, help to make the Ledbury a three-days-a- 
 week country, excellently hunted. Hunting days, Mondays, 
 Wednesdays and Fridays. 
 
 The West Herefordshire Hounds take a nice slice out of 
 the county west of the North Herefordshire and Ludlow 
 district, the nearest meets being Tin Hill and Sarnesfield, ten 
 and eleven miles from the city respectively, and south of the 
 Wye at Bredwardine. It stretches over a tolerably level 
 country to Kington, where it joins Radnorshire on the dry 
 ferny hills at Brilley, Huntington, Eywood and Wapley. The 
 country has more grass, smaller coverts, and a lighter soil 
 than that of the North Hereford ; but whilst it also contains
 
 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 95 
 
 more game, boasts of sporting occupiers who decline at any 
 time to turn their backs on fox hunting. The best meets are 
 Tin Hill, Sarnesfield, Cwmma Moor, Lynhales and Marston ; 
 whilst a Black Mountain fox from Bredwardine on a good 
 scenting day is a caution to those who are ambitious of an 
 uphill run. The hunting days are Mondays and Fridays, and 
 as the hounds have a cross of Welsh blood, for which their 
 border country is well adapted, it gives them an additional 
 charm in the eyes of many sportsmen. 
 
 The Ludlow Hounds have the extreme northern part of 
 the county and South Shropshire, with their kennels at the 
 extreme edge of Herefordshire. They come to Yarpole, fifteen 
 and a half miles from the city, but the valley of the Teme 
 from Brampton Brian downwards is their especial delight, 
 and the Shropshire side of the country contains the more 
 favoured meets. Wigmore Rolls, Yatley, and the H igh Vinnals 
 are their largest woodlands, but have a great drawback from 
 the number of outlying deer they contain. A beautiful pack 
 of hounds, and a cheery gentlemanlike field combine how- 
 ever to make the Ludlow a very favourite [jack, hunting five 
 days a fortnight. 
 
 The Ross Harriers have a light and very pretty open 
 undulating country, within a few miles of that picturesque 
 town, and afford excellent sport to those who cannot afford 
 the time to enjoy a day with the South Herefordshire or 
 Ledbury. 
 
 It will thus be seen that a devotee of hunting, living in 
 or near Hereford, can hunt six days a week comfortably, 
 taking train only on Wednesdays to Ledbury. On Mondays 
 he has the North, and on Tuesdays the South Herefordshire
 
 96 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 packs ; on Wednesdays the Ledbury, Thursdays the North 
 Herefordshire, Fridays the South or West Herefordshire, 
 according to choice, and on Saturdays the Ludlow and Ross 
 Harriers, alternate weeks. About ^3,000 a year is subscribed 
 in the county to keep up these packs, the farmers to a man 
 back them up, and the few good hunters which are bred in 
 the districts command a ready sale. 
 
 In Racing, despite the new rules of the Jockey Club, the 
 city and county manage to keep alive their two days' meeting 
 in the autumn, although sadly shorn of its former glories, and 
 with a great lack of support from the landed gentry. The 
 course, prettily situated about a mile from the town, is rather 
 more than a mile round, oval in shape and quite flat ; while 
 the steeplechase adjoining, is a good, natural, fair course, hav- 
 ing its fences carved out of those which bound or intersect it. 
 
 Of Shooting, it is scarcely necessary to say much. The 
 county's reputation for pheasants is well known, the soil being 
 admirably adapted for them, and it is only a question of money 
 as to the number that can be reared on any estate in the 
 county. Garnons a few years back bore away the palm for 
 the strength of its bag, but latterly, since preservation has 
 been given up there, Garnstone has taken its place ; next to 
 which probably come Moccas, Whitfield, Downton and Ber- 
 rington. 
 
 Fishing is the strong point of Herefordshire ; indeed, un- 
 less it be Yorkshire or Cumberland, we question what county 
 can equal it. Taking the Wye first, with its meandering 
 course of forty miles through the county, full of curling 
 streams (more than half of which are salmon catches), and 
 placid pools, the angler will indeed be hard to please, who
 
 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 97 
 
 cannot obtain sport in his own particular branch, whether it 
 be the keen salmon angler, who may follow his favourite sport 
 from the fifteenth of March to the first of November, the 
 trout and grayling fisher, or the bottom fisher who can amuse 
 himself with the pike, perch, and other coarse fish ; for there 
 is hardly any member of the finny tribe, that inhabits the 
 fresh waters of this Island, but finds a home in the Wye. 
 The best salmon fishing for rod and line is probably between 
 Bredwardine and Hay, where are some splendid catches 
 which always hold fish. 
 
 The Lugg enters the county at Presteign, and flowing 
 from thence to Leominster in an easterly direction, turns due 
 south and empties itself into the Wye at Mordiford, four 
 miles below Hereford. In its upper reaches, from Presteign 
 to Kingsland, it is a magnificent stream for both trout and 
 grayling, the Kinsham, Shobdon, and Croft waters being 
 superb. Below Leominster it becomes more of a grayling 
 river, and affords good sport in the autumn ; at Hereford, 
 when the water is low, some first rate sport may be had 
 between Moreton and Hampton bridges. 
 
 The Teme at Brampton Brian, Leintwardine, and Down- 
 ton, surpasses even the Lugg as a grayling stream, the Leint- 
 wardine Club water being considered, and justly so, the best 
 in England. 
 
 The Dore, in the Golden Valley, is not very promising 
 to look at, but to one who can bush fish, it will yield a good 
 basket at any time, the fish being remarkably handsome as 
 well as fine flavoured, while in the May-fly season the holding 
 capacities of a basket are severely tested. Its neighbour the 
 Monnow, is a very fine trouting stream, running through some 
 
 1.
 
 98 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 lovely scenery ; the Pandy, Kentchurch, and Oldcastle waters 
 being extremely good. The Arrow, rising in Radnorshire enters 
 the county at Kington, and flowing thence past Pembridge, 
 Eardisland, and Monkland, joins the Lugg about two miles 
 below Leominster. The fish come into season here earlier 
 than in any other part of the county, the trout are very good, 
 and a day's grayling fishing on the Stanton water is one not 
 to be easily forgotten. Besides these, the H indwell, Leddon 
 and Frome afford a good day's sport ; and most of the smaller 
 brooks in the county contain a good head of fish. There is 
 however very little free water in Herefordshire, but not much 
 difficulty will be experienced in either getting a day's leave 
 from the riparian owners, or renting fishing, if desired. 
 
 It may perhaps be not amiss to give a list of the favourite 
 flies in use amongst the Herefordshire anglers : for salmon, 
 the Butcher, Jock Scott, silver and blue Doctors, with a lemon 
 color bodied fly, thickly hackled with a blue dun cock's hackle 
 and turkey or peacock wing, will, if made of two or three 
 sizes to suit the water, be found sufficient ; for trout, the 
 February red, March brown, blue dun, Coch-y-bonddhu, iron 
 blue, gravel bed, Grannom, yellow dun, May fly, alder, olive, 
 August, September, and whirling duns, willows and red pal- 
 mer, dressed on No. 7 to 10 hooks, will be found sufficient; 
 and if to these be added, for the especial benefit of the 
 grayling, the quill gnat, red and olive quills, red and black 
 ants, and the tag-tail, he must indeed be a poor hand who 
 cannot kill fish at any time. 
 
 Cricket, the king of games, meets with very fair support 
 in the county; the Club has laid out a great deal of money on 
 its grounds at Widemarsh, near the city, and each year sees
 
 SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 99 
 
 fresh aspirants from our public Schools and Universities come 
 forward to assist in fighting the battles of the county against 
 its neighbours, the Marylebone Club, and others, with vary- 
 ing success, and to the Stanhope family, especially, has the 
 county been indebted during the last thirty years, for its un- 
 varying support of County Cricket. The Cathedral School 
 has just laid out a new ground of its own at Wye side, under 
 Broomy hilL 
 
 Archery is another specialty of Herefordshire that de- 
 serves mention. The County Club is one of the best sustained 
 in England, always holding two meetings every year at some 
 chosen spot, generally the seat of one of the county magnates 
 who is hospitably inclined, the Club sharing the expense of 
 the entertainment with him, and the whole generally winding 
 up with a ball. Besides this, there are the Teme-side archers, 
 with their head quarters in the grand old Castle of Ludlow, 
 the Ross and Archenfield Society, and the Hay and Wye-side 
 Archery and Lawn Tennis Club, all excellent means of pro- 
 moting amusement and sociability during the summer months. 
 
 In Boating, Herefordshire can hardly boast so much as 
 the attractions of the Wye deserve. The journey down that 
 beautiful river has been described before, so that it will be 
 needless to recapitulate. At Hereford, a regatta is held about 
 every three years, not nearly often enough. The course from 
 Belmont to Wye bridge is a very fine one, as good as that at 
 Henley, but about one hundred yards shorter; almost straight, 
 with smooth even water, free from weeds; it is fit for a Gasper 
 to take his breathings over. 
 
 Coursing, which has well nigh been forgotten, is a Sport 
 for which the county has long been famous, and which as long
 
 IOO SPORTING HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 as the name of Rackster is remembered, will have its existence 
 in it. Those celebrated R's are so well kept up by Mr. Hay- 
 wood of Blakemere, that more than once the Waterloo Cup 
 has almost fallen to the lot of Herefordshire, and we trust the 
 ambition may yet be gratified. To a lover of coursing, the 
 Bredwardine meadows are a paradise ; hares are strictly pre- 
 served by the Rev. Sir George Cornewall, and some of the 
 finest trials in England are witnessed there every November, 
 the strength of the Blakemere kennel ensuring a good class 
 of dog. Monnington, Yazor, Holme Lacy, Belmont, and 
 Shobdon, are scenes of a good day's coursing in the season ; 
 and if only owners and occupiers will pull together to pre- 
 serve the hares, there need not be any fear of these places 
 becoming barren in times to come.
 
 GEOLOGICAL RAMBLES, 
 
 There rolls the deep where grew the tree, 
 O earth, what changes hast thou seen ! 
 There, where the long street roars, hath been 
 The stillness of the central sea. 
 
 Tennyson. 
 
 ^\ EFORR starting on the following rambles, the visitor 
 l\ is strongly recommended to provide himself with 
 -^ provisions, as the country is very wild, the roads in 
 some places bad, and refreshments extremely difficult to pro- 
 cure ; he should also supply himself with an ordnance map 
 of the district, geologically coloured, which will be a great 
 help to him on the various excursions. 
 
 No. I. Backbury Hill — Dormington Wood — Perton — 
 Stoke Edith. Ten miles. 
 
 Start from Hereford by the Gloucester road, and near the 
 second milestone, is a small brick house, called " Kertch Cot- 
 tage," exactly opposite which, turn across the fields through an 
 orchard, and follow the footpath — which crosses first the river 
 Lugg at Ham])ton bridge, and then the river l-'rome a little
 
 102 GEOLOGICAL RAMBLES. 
 
 higher up — through Larport lane, noticing the transition from 
 the Red Marls to the Upper Ludlow. Ascend Backbury hill, 
 a mass of Aymestre and Lower Ludlow rock ; many fossils 
 may be found here, and the view from the hill is very fine. 
 At Dormington wood, the Wenlock limestone will be seen to 
 be broken sharply off, and the valley of Wenlock shale, with 
 its occasional low hills, ceases when the line of the Mordiford 
 fault is reached. From Dormington wood quarry, where plenty 
 of Wenlock corals may be obtained, take the road to the north- 
 west, and at the farm house turn down the hill to Perton ; on 
 the way down some good exposures of Aymestre and Upper 
 Ludlow rock will be passed. At Perton, in a small quarry by 
 the road side, may be clearly traced the Downton limestone, 
 with its carbonaceous layers resting on the Upper Ludlow. 
 A walk from thence of about one mile and a half will bring 
 the traveller to Stoke Edith Station. 
 
 No. II. Withington— West Hide— Shucknall Hill— Wil- 
 croft — Hagley — Tupsley. Nine miles. 
 
 Proceed by train to Withington Station, and walk from 
 thence to West Hide, where the quarries of Aymestre lime- 
 stone will reward the searcher. Cross Shucknall Hill, a mass 
 of Ludlow rock that has apparently been forced up through a 
 fissure in the Old Red Sandstone, and examine well the large 
 quarry there, in the debris of which may generally be found 
 plenty of Phacops caudatus. Walk down the lane to Shuck- 
 nall Farm, where there is another quarry, and then turn back 
 to Wilcroft, where are some very fine high level gravel beds. 
 At a short distance from here is a quarry, called Lowe's Hill 
 quarry, in which a mass of greenstone — thrown up by volcanic 
 agency in the same manner as that at Shucknall — has been
 
 GEOLOGICAL RAMBLES. I03 
 
 cut through. Cross the park to Hagley Dome, about one 
 hundred yards to the west of Hagley House, where, in an old 
 quarry will he seen the Upper Ludlow and the Downton Sand- 
 stone, with their characteristic fossils protruding through the 
 Old Red Sandstone. Return through Tupsley to Hereford. 
 
 No. III. Stoke Edith — Eastwood — Durlow Common — 
 Hazle— Seager Hill— Hooper's Oak — Winslow Mill — Wool- 
 hope — Mordiford. Seventeen miles. 
 
 About twenty minutes' walk from Stoke Edith Station 
 will take the traveller to the corner of Eastwood. Take the 
 lane on the right to Durlow Common and Hazle, noticing on 
 the way the sections of the Upper Ludlow rock, which are ex- 
 posed. Ascend Seager Hill, a mass of Aymestre rock, and 
 continue the walk until a break in the hill is reached, called 
 Putley Cock Shoot ; near here is an old quarry rich in fossils, 
 and the result of a landslip which occured about 1575, men- 
 tioned by Camden, may also be noticed. 
 
 Descending the hill past Hooper's Oak and Winslow Mill 
 to W'oolhope, the Upper Ludlow limestone will again be seen. 
 After passing the Church, turn up to the right across Broad- 
 moor Common and through the Haugh Wood, (locally known 
 as Half Wood) which is an exposure of the Upper Llandovery. 
 From here the Scutterdine quarries may be visited ; they are 
 always being worked, and are tolerably rich in fossils belonging 
 to the Woolhope limestone ; thence to Mordiford, where the 
 breccia and dlbris will repay looking over. From Mordiford, 
 a four mile walk to Hereford. 
 
 No. IV. Mordiford— Marion's II ill— Old Sufton— Priors' 
 Court— Dormington — Su>ke Edith Ten miles.
 
 104 GEOLOGICAL RAMBLES. 
 
 Walk to Mordiford, and from there ascend Marion's Hill, 
 where are some good exposures of the Aymestre limestone; 
 then to Old Sufton, where the Upper Ludlow beds are seen 
 dipping down and overhanging the road. Keep along the 
 road through Mordiford to Mordiford Frome and Priors' 
 Court, where some good specimens of Upper Ludlow rocks 
 may be seen in the quarry, and notice on the way the passage 
 beds of Downton Sandstone along the roadside. Thence on 
 to Dormington to the landslip. From here walk through 
 Stoke Edith Park to the Railway Station. 
 
 No. V. Fawley — How Caple— Yatton — Welch Court 
 — Gamage Ford — Bodenham — Much Marcle — Ridge Hill — 
 Woolhope — Rudge End — Nupend — Fownhope — Holme 
 Lacy. Twenty one miles. 
 
 From Fawley Station walk to How Caple and cross the 
 hills to the New Church at Yatton, and then down the hill to 
 Welch Court, where some exposures of the Upper Ludlow 
 may be seen in the road. Take the first turning on the left, 
 which will lead to Gamage Ford, where the Ludlow bone bed 
 (abounding with fish and crustacean remains, and the round 
 spore cases named by Sir W. Hooker, Pachytheca splicerica,) 
 may be easily traced. From here proceed along the New 
 Ledbury Road to Bodenham, where is a quarry in which are 
 both the Upper Ludlow and Aymestre rocks, thence to Much 
 Marcle and up the hill by the Old Ross Road, where the 
 Downton and Upper Ludlow are to be seen in contact. 
 Take the turning on the right at the crossing, and then to the 
 left again and mount the Ridge Hill, from the top of which 
 a very fine view of the whole district is visible. The Silurian 
 and Devonian formations will be easily distinguished, if there
 
 GEOLOGICAL RAMBLES. 105 
 
 happen to be any ploughed land about at the time of the visit. 
 On the east side of the hill is a very good quarry of Aymestre 
 rock. Turn down the hill and examine the quarry at the Hyde, 
 which is very rich in corals of the Wenlock formation. Cross 
 to Woolhope and go round the south side of the Dome, just 
 beyond Rudge end, where is a small quarry by the road side; 
 turn off to Nupend, where are some fair exposures of the 
 Wenlock shale, and in a quarry near the mill some very good 
 fossils may be obtained. From here to Fownhope, notice the 
 great and many disturbances of the strata. Take the road to 
 Hereford as far as the toll bridge, where the beds may be 
 seen masked with rough gravel. Cross the toll bridge, to 
 Holme Lacy Station. 
 
 No. VI. Mitcheldean Road — May Hill — Newent — Gorst- 
 ley Common — Linton Wood — Tedgewood — Upton Court — 
 Mulhampton Farm — Perrystone — How Caple — P'awley. 
 Twenty miles. 
 
 A walk of three miles from Mitcheldean Road Station will 
 take the traveller to the top of May Hill, which is the limit 
 of the Silurian upheaval. From the top a most magnificent 
 view is obtainable. After admiring this, turn down towards 
 Newent for the outlying coal measures. Thence to Gorstley 
 Common, where near the Fishpools some good exposures of 
 the Dbwnton Sandstone and Upper Ludlow rocks will be seen. 
 It is at this place that a broken anticlinal ridge runs for about 
 five miles in a north-western direction. From Gorstley Com- 
 mon walk to Linton Wood, where at the Pound quarries is a 
 very fine exposure of the Aymestre limestone, then through 
 the wood to Tedgewood and Upton Court, and across the 
 fields to Mulhampton farm, from which place a good view of 
 
 M
 
 106 GEOLOGICAL RAMBLES. 
 
 the ridge mentioned above may be obtained. Walk along the 
 ridge to Perrystone, then turn down the avenue into the turn- 
 pike road, and through How Caple to Fawley Station. 
 
 No. VII. Stoke Edith — Botany Bay — Checkley Common 
 — Mordiford. Ten miles. 
 
 Through Stoke Edith Park to the Stoke Cock Shoot, 
 and turn in a south-eastern direction down the Lower Ludlow 
 valley to Botany Bay, which is a break in the Wenlock ridge, 
 where are some old limestone quarries very rich in fossils. 
 Take the road across Checkley Common, where are a few 
 exposures of the Wenlock shale, then down the Pentlow brook 
 to Mordiford, and from thence to Hereford. A few good 
 fossils may be obtained from the bed of the brook when it is 
 low. 
 
 No. VIII. . Holme Lacy — Fownhope — Nupend — 
 Buckenhill — Sollers Hope — Lindels — Oldbury Hill— Seager 
 Hill — Tarrington Common — Stoke Edith. Fourteen miles. 
 
 Cross the toll bridge at Holme Lacy to Fownhope, and 
 up the road by Fownhope Court to Nupend, where, near the 
 Mill, is a very good quarry of Aymestre rock. Turn along the 
 ridge in a south-easterly direction to Buckenhill, where some 
 very good exposures will be seen by the way, and through 
 Sollers Hope to Lindels, where is a quarry with a good many 
 fossils. Here the Aymestre rock will be seen queezed out by 
 a fault, and the two ridges of Wenlock limestone meet with 
 many exposures, showing dips in all directions at very acute 
 angles. Thence up Oldbury Hill, along the ridge to Seager 
 Hill and down Tarrington Common to Stoke Edith Station.
 
 CYCLING. 
 
 " Mark what I say : attend me where I wheel.' 
 Troilus and Crcssida. 
 
 I I^ERKFORDSHIRE roads are not especially favourable 
 ■\ \ for bicycle and tricycle riders, the country being on 
 r r the whole hilly and the roads rather heavy; in this 
 respect they compare unfavourably with Radnorshire and 
 Brecon highways. Only the routes most likely to be required 
 are given, taking, when possible, Hereford as a centre. 
 
 Hereford to Ross, via Much Birch and Harewood End, 
 fourteen and a half miles. The hill at Harewood End requires 
 care in descending towards Ross. 
 
 Hereford to Ross, via Aconbury and Hoarwithy, twelve 
 miles. A very hilly road; the hill at Hoarwithy being es- 
 pecially dangerous. 
 
 Hereford to Gloucester, via Ross and Huntley, thirty twa 
 miles. The shortest, but not the best road. 
 
 Hereford to Gloucester, via Stoke Edith, Dymock, and 
 Newent, thirty five miles. Quickest and best road.
 
 108 CYCLING. 
 
 Hereford to Ledbury, fourteen and a half miles. Hilly 
 for the first part; a very awkward descent at Tupsley, one and 
 a half miles from Hereford. 
 
 Hereford to Bromyard, fourteen miles. A bad road. 
 Stoke Lacy Hill must not be ridden either way, nor the de- 
 scent into Bromyard. 
 
 Hereford to Malvern, via Ledbury, Colwall and British 
 Camp, twenty four miles. At Colwall take the right hand road 
 From Ledbury to Malvern is a most delightful ride, but the 
 descent on either side of the Malvern ridge from British Camp 
 is dangerous, Chance's Pitch, on the Herefordshire side, where 
 there is a Bicycle Union danger-board, being especially so, 
 and must not be ridden. 
 
 Hereford to Worcester, via Malvern, thirty two miles. 
 As preceding route to Malvern. From Malvern to Worcester 
 a straight road. 
 
 Hereford to Worcester, 77V? Newtown, Froom's Hill and 
 Cradley, thirty miles. Froom's Hill is dangerous, and the 
 descent on the Herefordshire side must not be ridden. 
 
 Hereford to Leominster, via Holmer, Wellington and 
 Dinmore Hill, twelve and a half miles. A good road, the hill 
 can be ridden, Hereford side the steepest. 
 
 Hereford to Ludlow, vid Leominster, Berrington and 
 Brimfield, twenty three and a half miles. The best road. 
 
 Hereford to Ludlow, vid Leominster, Orleton and 
 Richard's Castle, twenty one and a half miles. Indifferent 
 road, dangerous hill at Richard's Castle. In leaving Ludlow, 
 the descent out of the town should not be ridden.
 
 CYCLING. 109 
 
 Hereford to Monmouth, via St. Weonards, eighteen 
 miles. A bad road, with a dangerous hill just beyond St. 
 Weonards. 
 
 Hereford to Monmouth, vid Harewood End, Marstow 
 and Whitchurch, twenty miles. Good road, and much quicker 
 than vid St. Weonards. In coming back, Whitchurch Hill is 
 dangerous on the Hereford side, and the Callow Pitch, three 
 and a half miles from Hereford, requires care. 
 
 Hereford to Hay, vid Bredwardine, nineteen miles. 
 Shortest route, latter part very hilly. 
 
 Hereford to Hay, vid Lelton and Whitney, twenty miles. 
 Best and quickest route. Tin Hill, going down into Letton, 
 requires great care. The two roads are identical as far as 
 Brobury, where the Bredwardine road branches off to the left. 
 
 Hereford to Kington, vid Credenhill, Sarnesfield and 
 Lyonshall, nineteen miles. The shortest and worst road ; the 
 descent into Lyonshall is dangerous, and the hill between that 
 place and Kington requires some care both ways. Weobley 
 is a little out of the way, but well worth a visit. Do not 
 attempt the road to Hereford via Wormesley, it looks tempt- 
 ing on the map, but is utterly bad. 
 
 Hereford to Kington, vid Byford, Letton and Eardisley, 
 twenty miles. Take the Hay road as far as Willersley, where 
 turn to the right through Eardisley. At Byford, Offa's dyke 
 will be crossed. One of the best runs in the county. From 
 Kington the direct road for Aberystwith lies vid Walton, New 
 Radnor, l'enybont, Llandrindod and Rhayader. 
 
 Hereford to Abergavenny, via Pontrilas and l'andy, 
 twenty four miles. Enquire the road at Pontrilas, but do not
 
 IIO CYCLING. 
 
 be induced to cross Monmouth Cap. A fair road, no bad hills. 
 
 Leominster to Bromyard, twelve miles. Hilly road, the 
 descent into Bromyard should not be ridden. 
 
 Leominster to Leintwardine, via Wigmore, eighteen 
 miles. A good road. 
 
 The Cyclist does not always remember Shakespeare's 
 prophetic advice, 
 
 " Let go thy hold when a great wheel runs down a hill, 
 lest it break thy neck with following it." 
 
 King Lear. 
 
 and should he meet with a mishap to his machine, or require 
 any further information respecting routes, &c, he should 
 apply to Mr. A. Townsend, High Town, Hereford, who is 
 the " Wheel Doctor " for this district, and Messrs. Preece, 
 West Street, Leominster, and Meredith of Kington, act in a 
 similar capacity in their respective towns.
 
 INDEX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Abbey Dore ... 49, 04 
 
 Abel, John ... ... 6 
 
 Abergavenny ... ... 109 
 
 Earl of ... 13 
 
 & Newport Railway 23 
 
 Aberystwith ... ... 109 
 
 Above Eign ... ... 19 
 
 Aconbury .. ... 94, 107 
 
 Uill ... ... 94 
 
 Aix-la-Chapelle ... 25 
 
 All Saints' Church ... 17 
 
 Alms-houses ... .. 46 
 
 Altcrynnis ... ... 47 
 
 .Aim i. m1 Britons .. 1 
 
 Anthony, Alderman ... 16 
 
 Antiquaries, Society of ... 41 
 
 Ap Bice, John ... ... 12 
 
 Aquablanca, John de 27, 30 
 
 Peter „ 27, 31, 34 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury 13 
 
 Archery ... ... 99 
 
 Arkwright, Captain H. ... 30 
 
 Arrow, Kiver ... 48, 49, 98 
 
 Ashley Moor ... ... 69 
 
 A~li|"-rton ... ... 47, 48 
 
 Athelstan ... ... 2, 26 
 
 Bishop of Hereford 2.% 40 
 
 Athens ... 6 
 
 Audley, Bishop ... 29 
 
 Chapel... 31! 
 
 Aust ... ... 24 
 
 Aylestone Wood ... m 
 Aymestro ... 44, 46, 48, 68, Oil, 70 
 
 _I Hill ... ... 69 
 
 Limestone 102, 108,104, 106 
 
 Baokbury Hill... 101. 102 
 
 Bacton ... ... 93 
 
 Baggalidiatt ... ... "I 
 
 Bailey, Job., Esq., M.P. ... 6, 88 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Baker, Mr. Thomas ... 10 
 
 Ballingham ... ... 86 
 
 Bal-mawT ... ... 75 
 
 Barons' Wars . . ... 3, 13 
 
 Barton ... ... 21, 23 
 
 Bath Street ... ... 11 
 
 Beauchamp, William E., of 
 
 Abergavenny ... 13 
 
 Belmont ... 55, 99, 100 
 
 Bennett, Bishop ... 31 
 
 Berrington ... 46, 69, 92, 9G, 108 
 
 Station ... 09 
 
 . 25, 33 
 47, 76 
 51 
 33 
 18 
 . 61, 62 
 89 
 3 
 34 
 38 
 39 
 10 
 84 
 38 
 42 
 30 
 12, 14, 15 
 14 
 14, 46 
 12, 46 
 1(1 
 Mountains 22, 23, 44, 46, 64, 
 73, 80 
 
 Prince ... ... 13 
 
 Blakemere ... ... 100 
 
 Bine School Street ... 16 
 
 Boating ... ... 99 
 
 Bookleton ... ... 92 
 
 Bcthune, Robert de 
 Bettwe 
 
 -y-Coed... 
 
 Bevan, Rev. W. L. 
 
 Bewell Street ... 
 
 Bicknor Walks... 
 
 Bigswear 
 
 Birch, Colonel ... 
 
 Bishop 
 
 Bi hop's Chair 
 
 Cloisters 
 
 Gate Street 
 
 Palaco, Hereford 
 
 Throne 
 
 Bisse, Bishop ... 
 Bi.-ll, Elizabeth 
 Black Friars 
 
 ' Church 
 
 ' Cross 
 
 ' Monastery .. 
 
 ' Street
 
 112 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bodenhani 
 Bodleian Library 
 Bohun, Johanna de 
 Boney Well ... 
 Booth, Bishop ... 
 
 Porch 
 
 Borewe, Dean 
 Bosbury 
 
 Bosley's Gorse... 
 Botany Bay 
 Boughrood 
 Bow Bridge 
 Brampton Abbotts 
 
 ■ Brian 
 
 Bramsil Castle .. 
 Braose, Bishop... 
 Brasses 
 
 Monumental 
 
 Brecon Beacons 
 Bredwardine 55, 83, 94, 
 
 Breinton 
 Brewster, Dr. ... 
 Bridge Sellers ... 
 
 Street ... 
 
 Brilley 
 Brinirield 
 Bringewood Bridge 
 
 ■ Chase 
 
 Brinsop Court ... 
 Bristol Channel 
 British Camp Inn 
 Broad Oak 
 
 Street ... 
 
 Broadmoor Common 
 Brobury 
 
 Scaur... 
 
 Brockhall Wood 
 
 Brockweir 
 
 Bromfield 
 
 Bromyard ... 48, 
 
 Brooniy Hill . . 
 
 Browning, Elizabeth B. 
 
 Bryngwyn 
 
 Buckenhill 
 
 Buckstone, The 
 
 Bullingham 
 
 Bullinghope 
 
 Burley, Sir John 
 Butchers' Company 
 Bwlch, The 
 Bye Street 
 Byfield 
 Byford 
 
 Court ... 
 
 PAGE 
 
 104 
 35 
 32 
 67 
 ... 29, 30 
 30 
 32 
 
 47, 52, 94 
 
 92 
 
 106 
 
 82 
 
 51, 6G, 68 
 
 87 
 
 48, 95, 97 
 
 72 
 
 31 
 
 ... 32, 34 
 
 30,31, 32 
 
 ... 79, SO 
 
 95, 97, 100, 
 
 109 
 
 ... 55, 92 
 
 17 
 
 ... 55, 83 
 
 ... 21, 22 
 
 94 
 
 10S 
 
 51, 66, 67 
 
 51, 66, 68 
 
 46 
 
 90 
 
 71 
 
 93 
 
 ... 17, 21 
 
 103 
 
 109 
 
 ... 55, 83 
 
 92 
 
 89 
 
 67 
 
 92, 108, 110 
 
 21 
 
 50 
 
 93 
 
 ... 54, 106 
 
 66 
 
 84 
 
 81 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 78, 79, 80 
 
 10 
 
 34 
 
 55,109 
 
 83 
 
 Bysters" Gate ... 
 By-the-WaU Street 
 
 PAGE 
 
 10, 11, 13 
 
 18 
 
 Cader, The ... 73,75,76,77,80 
 Caerffawydd ... ... 1, 24 
 
 Canon Froine ... .. 92, 93 
 
 Canterbury, Archbishop of 13,28 
 Cantilupe, William ... 13 
 
 Bishop 13, 20, 27 
 
 Capella, Bishop .... 31 
 
 Capol-y-fyn ... ... 78, 79 
 
 CaplarH'ill ... 86 
 
 Cardiganshire ... ... 24 
 
 Carey Island ... ... 86 
 
 Carrots, The, Hampton Bishop 85 
 
 Castle Green 
 Cathedral Close 
 
 Cross 
 
 Cat's Back, The 
 
 Cattle Market .. 
 Cemetery 
 Chance's Pitch 
 Chanston 
 Chapel Farm ... 
 Chapter House... 
 Charles I. 
 Charlton, Bishop 
 Chaundler, Dean 
 Checkley Common 
 Chepstow 
 
 Castle 
 
 Choir, Cathedral 
 
 Cinderford 
 
 City and County Gaol 
 
 Charity Trustees 
 
 City Improvement Act 
 
 Moat 
 
 Walls 
 
 Clare, St. Nicholas 
 Clark, Rev. Samuel . . 
 Clifford Castle.. 
 Lord ... 
 
 5, 8, 9, 84 
 
 5,9 
 
 13 
 
 78 
 
 16 
 
 ... 21, 23 
 
 108 
 
 ... 93, 94 
 
 ... 68, 69 
 
 39 
 
 42 
 
 20, 30, 32 
 
 ... 29, 33 
 
 106 
 
 82, 83, 84, 89, 90 
 
 90 
 
 10, 
 
 Clive, Bishop ... 
 
 Lady Katharine 
 
 Clodock 
 Cloisters, Bishop's 
 
 Vicar's Choral ... 
 
 Clutton, Canon 
 Coal-pit Hill ... 
 Cockburn, Sir E. C, Bart, 
 Cock Gate 
 Coke, Bishop ... 
 Coldwell Rocks 
 Coleford 
 College of Vicars Choral 
 
 as 
 66 
 11 
 19 
 16 
 18 
 18, 22 
 14 
 38 
 
 . 55, 83 
 
 3 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 19, 47, 78 
 39 
 39 
 30 
 77 
 86 
 70 
 32 
 
 61, 62, 63 
 66 
 
 31, 39, M
 
 INDEX. 
 
 1 I ■ 
 
 Colt Williams, E. W., Esq. 
 Oolwal] ... ... 71 
 
 Station... 
 
 Commercial Road 
 
 Square 
 
 Street 
 
 Comus 
 
 Coningsby Corporal 
 
 Hospital 10, 12, 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 
 • Street 10, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 it; 
 
 10K 
 
 71 
 
 Dinedor 
 
 10, 
 
 Coningsby 's 
 
 Company of Old 
 
 Servitors 
 Cornewall, Kev. Sir G. H. 
 
 Velters, Esq. .. 
 
 Corn Exchange 
 
 Corona 
 
 Cottrell, Sir J. G. 
 
 Coursing 
 
 Court field 
 
 Cranston & Co., Messrs. 
 
 Credenhill 
 
 Crifton Ford Bridge 
 
 Croft, Ambery ... 
 
 Castle 
 
 Cross, ( 'athedral 
 Crusades 
 Crwg-mawr 
 Crypt 
 
 Cumberland 
 Oorthose, Kobert 
 Cusop Dingle ... 
 Cut-throat Lane 
 Cwm-Beusych ... 
 
 -y-how 
 
 Cwmma Moor... 
 
 79, 
 
 11 
 in 
 10 
 6x 
 Hi 
 40 
 15 
 16 
 15 
 
 15 
 100 
 22 
 21 
 37 
 6 
 99 
 
 61, 88 
 
 20 
 
 93, 100 
 
 68 
 
 68, 69 
 70 
 13 
 12 
 76 
 
 26,32 
 96 
 11 
 54 
 71 
 76 
 77 
 96 
 
 Dan-yfforest ... 
 Dawes, Dean ... 
 Dean and I 'h:q>terof Hereford 
 
 Windsor 
 
 of Hereford 
 
 Deanery, The ... 
 
 Deerfold Forest 48, 68, 
 
 Deinville, Sir John 
 
 De la Barr, < 'anon 
 
 1 li'labere, Sir K. 
 
 1 le Lain, Bush 
 
 Walter 
 
 Denton, Alexander 
 
 Anne .. 
 
 Devereux, Sir John 
 Devis 
 Devonshire 
 N 
 
 79 
 
 32 
 
 9, 28 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 42 
 
 69, 70 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 
 3:i 
 
 7, 11 
 
 7, 11 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 31 
 
 PAGE 
 
 46 
 
 - Hill . 86 
 
 Court... 86 
 
 Dingley, T. ... 27 
 
 Dinmore Hill ... 108 
 
 Disgulfa ... 76 
 
 Dispensary .. ... 11 
 
 Dixon ... 64 
 
 Docklow 93 
 
 Dog Hill ... 49 
 
 Domesday Book 2 
 
 Dore, River ... 97 
 Dormington ... 101, 102, 103, 104 
 
 Sandstone 102, 10:*, 104 
 
 Doward, The Great ... 23 
 
 Little ... 43 
 
 Downton 44, 9fi, 97 
 Church ... 51, 66 
 
 Lodge 66 
 
 Dragon's Lane, Mordiford 85 
 
 Drury Lane .. ... 35 
 
 Duck'ham, Thos., Esq., M.P. 8I» 
 
 Hulas Brook ... ... 49 
 
 Durham, Simeon of .... 25 
 
 Cathedral 27 
 
 Durlow Common ... 103 
 
 Dymock ... .. 107 
 
 Eardisland ... ... 48, 98 
 
 Eardisley ... ... 109 
 
 Eastnor ... B0, 70, 71, 94 
 
 Castle ... 71,72 
 
 Eastwood ... ... 103 
 
 Eaton Bishop ... ... 30 
 
 Edgar Street ... ... 18 
 
 Edward the Confessor ... 2 
 
 Prince ... 3 
 
 I. ... 3,12,87 
 
 II. ... ... 13, 87 
 
 III. ... ... 29 
 
 IV. ... ... 39 
 
 VI. 39 42 
 
 Edwin's Wood"! ■■■ 92, 93 
 
 Egerton Bishop ... 41 
 
 Eign Brook ... 18 
 
 — Congregational 
 
 Chape) 
 
 Gate 
 
 Street 
 
 Elliott 
 
 Elton 
 
 English Bioknor 
 
 Erbin, 1 taraint ap. 
 
 Etli.lh.it 
 
 90 Ewias Harold 
 
 17, IS 
 
 17. IS 
 
 17, 18, 21, 23 
 
 34 
 
 70 
 
 01 
 
 21 
 
 38,40 
 
 49 
 
 2. 24,
 
 114 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 I'AGK 
 
 Eywood ... .. 94 
 
 Fair Rosamund .. 83 
 
 Farrington, Elizabeth ... 30 
 Fawley ... 86, 101,105, 106 
 
 Court... ... 55 
 
 Fern Farm, Ashperton ... 48 
 
 Field, Bishop ... ... 30 
 
 Fish House ... ... 65 
 
 Fitz Osborn, Richard ... 2 
 
 Flanesford Priory ... 58,88 
 
 Flat Holmes ... ... 90 
 
 Foliot, Robert, Bishop ... 33 
 
 Forest of Dean ... 61, 66 
 
 Fossils, Silurian ... 22 
 
 Fountain's Abbey ... 27 
 
 Fowlet's Farm... ... 72 
 
 Fownhope 55, 85, 93, 104, 10;., 106 
 
 Foxhounds — 
 
 Ledbury ... 94 
 
 Ludlow ... 94 
 
 North Herefordshire ... 92,94 
 
 South ... 93 
 
 West ... 92, 91 
 
 Foxley ... ... 93 
 
 Foy ... .. 86 
 
 France ... ... 17 
 
 Free Library and Museum 21, 22 
 
 Freer, Archdeacon ... 30 
 
 Freke, Robert .. . . 15 
 
 Friars, Grey ... ... 22 
 
 Street ... ... 18 
 
 The ... 22 
 
 Frome, Mordiford ... 104 
 
 The ... ... 98, 101 
 
 Froom's Hill ... ... 108 
 
 Fuller of Monmouth ... 82 
 
 Fwthog ... ... 73 
 
 Gader, The ... ... 47 
 
 Gaer Camp ... ... 47, 77 
 
 — -, The ... ... 75, 77 
 
 Gaines ... ... 92 
 
 Gainsborough ... ... 22 
 
 Gamage Ford ... ... 101 
 
 Garnons ... ... 96 
 
 Garnstone ... .. 93, 96 
 
 Garway ... ... 52 
 
 Gate House ... .. 16, 46 
 
 George III. ... ... 6 
 
 Gibbs ... ... 32 
 
 Gilbert, Bishop ... 42 
 
 Gilbert's Hill ... ... 94 
 
 Glasbury ... ... 82, 83 
 
 Globe Inn ... ... 76 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 PAGE 
 
 7, 11, 81, 107 
 
 Gloucestershire 
 Godiva 
 Golden Valley . 
 
 Banking Company 
 Cathedral 
 
 Goodrich 
 
 Castle 
 
 ( 'ourt 
 
 21 
 87 
 90 
 40 
 49 93 97 
 43, 56, 58, 59,' W>! 87 
 
 Gorstley Common 
 
 Goss, Rev. John 
 
 Gough 
 
 Grammar School 
 
 Grandisson, Peter Baron de 
 
 Gray and Davison 
 
 Great Doward ... 
 
 Malvern 
 
 Green Hill 
 Grey Friars 
 Greys. Furls of Kent 
 Griffith, Prince of Wales. 
 Grwynne-fechan Valley . 
 Gunner's Lane, Hereford. 
 Guy's Hospital 
 Gwynnc, Nell ... 
 Street 
 
 58, 87, 88 
 
 59 
 
 105 
 
 31 
 
 27 
 
 39, 42 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 <: i, c,:,, sy 
 
 71, 72 
 
 69 
 
 Hagley 
 Hall Court 
 Hampton 
 
 r.Niitip 
 
 Court 
 
 14 
 87 
 25 
 80 
 18 
 87 
 22 
 22 
 
 10i', 103 
 
 92 
 
 97, 101 
 
 55, 85 
 
 14, 16, 93 
 
 30, 31 
 
 94, 107 
 
 Hardman 
 
 Harewood End 
 
 Harold ... 2 
 
 II. ... ... 8 
 
 Harriers, Rosa... ... 95 
 
 Harris, Renatus ... 34 
 
 Harvey, John, Dean ... 33 
 
 Hastings, Battle of ... 11 
 
 John, Earl Pembroke 13 
 
 HaughWood ... ... 103 
 
 Hawes, Mr. W. ... 35 
 
 Haywood, Mr., of Blakemere 100 
 Hay, 23. 54, 74, 78, 79, 82, 83, 97, 109 
 and Wyeside Archers 99 
 
 Mill, Downton 51, 66. 68 
 
 Park ... .. 53, 07 
 
 Road ... ... 32 
 
 Hazle ... ... 103 
 
 Hen-alt ... ... 79 
 
 Henfordd ... ... 1 
 
 Henry I. ... ... 41 
 
 II. ... ... 3 
 
 III. ... ... 4,17
 
 INDEX. 
 
 115 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Herbert, Hon. Mrs. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 39 
 
 12,27 
 35 
 Hereford and Gloucester Canal 81 
 
 Bishops of — 1, 4, 13, 18, 
 
 1!), 24, 25, 42 
 
 Bishop's Fee ... 4 
 
 Bishop's Palace ... 84 
 
 Canons of ... 41 
 
 Castle ... 2, 3, 8 
 
 Cathedral, 2, 13, 20, 21, 24, 
 
 25, 27, 28, 4L\ 1.". 
 
 Close... • 41 
 
 School 42, 99 
 
 Statutes 42 
 
 City— 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 15, 
 
 18, 1!), 22, 2:i, 24, 
 25, 41, 42, 45, 46, 
 57, 58, 73, 81, 82, 
 83, 84, st;. 92, '.14, 
 95, 97, 103, 107, 
 108, 109, 110 
 
 and County Gaol 11 
 
 — Civil History . . 3 
 
 — Corporation ... 4 
 
 — County of ... 6,39 
 
 — Dean of ... 27,41 
 & Chapter of 9, 35, 12 
 
 — General Infirmary, 5, S, X4 
 
 — Hay and Brecon 
 
 Railway .. 17, 18 
 
 Industrial Aid Society 11 
 Ladies' College ... 15 
 
 l;., Esq. ... 85 
 
 — Siege 01, hv Waller 3 
 Scotch Army 3,84 
 
 Synod at 
 
 Times 
 
 Use ... 
 
 Herefordshire Beacon 
 — , Pioturi 
 
 Heylin 
 Ili^'li Street 
 
 Town 
 
 Vinnals ... 
 
 Hill Court 
 
 Hillesden 
 
 Hills, Mr. < rordon 
 
 Hindu. 11. The 
 
 Hoaruitliv 
 
 Hobbs, of liosa 
 
 Hole in the Wall 
 
 Hollybuah Pass 
 
 Holme Lacy, 0, 111, Ion, 101, 1(1 ,, Kll 
 
 House ... 85 
 
 16 
 
 35 
 
 71,72 
 
 43 
 
 24 
 
 17, 21, 40 
 
 5, 10, 17, 21, 46 
 
 ... 67, 96 
 87 
 36 
 14 
 98 
 
 .. 65, L07 
 82 
 
 ... 86, -: 
 72 
 
 Holme Lacy Church 
 Holmer 
 
 Honddhu, River 
 Hooper's Oak ... 
 Hope End 
 Hoskins, Sergeant 
 Hospital, Lazarus 
 
 Lingen's 
 
 of St. Anthony 
 
 Price's 
 
 House of Commons 
 
 How Caple ... 86, 104 
 
 Howell, Dda ... 
 
 Hugo 
 
 Hume, Joseph... 
 
 Humphreys, Bishop 
 
 Huntuurford, Bishop 
 
 Hunt, James 
 
 John 
 
 Huntington 
 Huntley 
 Huntsham . . 
 
 Ferry 
 
 Hyatt Leys 
 Hyde, The 
 
 [gnatius, Father 
 Infirmary, Hereford 
 Ingestone House ... 
 
 Ivin-'ton 
 
 PAGE 
 
 85 
 
 52, 108 
 
 46, 75 
 
 103 
 50 
 86 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 39 
 , 105, 106 
 2 
 28 
 22 
 32 
 32 
 31 
 31 
 94 
 
 107 
 
 60, 62, 63 
 
 60 
 
 64 
 
 105 
 
 79 
 
 . 5, 8, 84 
 
 86 
 
 93 
 
 James I. ... 6, 14, 37, 86 
 
 John, King ... ... 87 
 
 John XXII. ... 28 
 
 Jordan, K., of Hereford ... 82 
 
 Kerapson, Capt. E. 
 
 Eencheater 
 
 Centchnrcb 
 
 Corns Bridge ... 58, 
 
 Kerry, Thomas 
 
 Kerry's Almshouses 
 
 King Arthur's Hall 
 
 Street ... 
 
 King's Acre 
 
 Caple ... 
 
 Kingsland 46, 49, 
 
 Station 
 
 Kington ... 49, 94 
 Kii^ham II, 46, 18, 
 Court 
 
 Knights' Hospitallers 
 
 of St. John 
 
 Templars 
 
 Ladies' College 
 
 30 
 
 83 
 
 37, 94, 98 
 
 60, 61, 63, 88 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 65 
 
 ... 21, 22 
 
 17 
 
 86 
 
 54, 68, 69, 97 
 
 69 
 
 98, 109, 110 
 
 68, 69, 70, 97 
 
 69 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 ... 14, 15 
 
 16
 
 n6 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Lady Arbour ... 
 
 Chapel 
 
 Lady lift 
 
 Larport Lane ... 
 Lazarus Hospital 
 Lectern 
 
 Ledbury 47, 49, 52, 71, 
 
 Foxhounds 
 
 - Leddon, The ... 
 
 Leinthall, "Long" 
 Leintwardine .. 
 Leland ... 2, 8. 
 
 Lemesi, Ralph de 
 Leominster 19, 21, 50, 
 
 Letton 
 
 Leven, Earl of... 
 
 Lewis, Sir G. C. 
 
 Leys, The 
 
 Lindels 
 
 Lindsell, Bishop 
 
 Lingen 
 
 , John, Esq. 
 
 Lingen's Hospital 
 Linton Wood ... 
 Lion, The, Bredwardine 
 Litany Desk ... 
 Litley House ... 
 Little Dean 
 
 Doward... 
 
 Llandewibrefi ... 
 Llandogo 
 Llandrindod . . . 
 Llangorse 
 
 Lake 
 
 Llanigon 
 Llanthony 
 
 — Abbey 
 
 ■ Priory, 47, 73, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 39 
 
 ... 26, 32 
 
 23 
 
 101 
 
 17 
 
 37 
 
 72, 95, 103 
 
 92, 94, 96 
 
 98 
 
 70 
 
 50, 97, 110 
 
 , 12, 27, 84 
 
 41 
 
 92, 97, 98, 
 
 108, 110 
 
 109 
 
 3 
 
 6, 7 
 
 53 
 
 106 
 
 33 
 
 ... 48, 70 
 
 19 
 
 ... 17, 19 
 
 105 
 
 83 
 
 37 
 
 84 
 
 66 
 
 ... 64, 89 
 
 24 
 
 89 
 
 109 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 26, 80 
 
 78 
 
 74, 75, 77 
 
 Llanveyno 
 
 Church 
 
 Llanvihangel 47, 74, 75, 76. 
 
 Lochard, The Prfecentor . 
 
 London 
 
 Long Leinthall 
 
 Longtown 
 
 Castle 
 
 Church 
 
 Longworth 
 Lonsdale 
 Lords Marchers 
 Losinga, Robert 
 Lotharingia, Robert de 
 Lower Redbrook 
 Lowe's Hill Quarry 
 
 78 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 29 
 
 14 
 
 70 
 
 47,78 
 
 . 74, 78 
 
 74 
 
 92 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 2, 25, 33 
 
 25, 33 
 
 89 
 
 102 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lugwardine ... ... 46, 92 
 
 Ludford ... ... 51 
 
 Bridge ... 66 
 
 Ludlow, 44, 51, 52, 54, 06, 67, 68, 69, 
 81, 108 
 
 Castle ... 99 
 
 Foxhounds 92, 95, 96 
 
 Rocks, Lower ... 106 
 
 , Upper 10i, 103, 
 
 101, 105 
 Lugg, River, 44, 46, 48, 52, 69, 70, 
 81, 97, 9x, 101 
 
 Luntly Court ... 
 Lydbrook 
 Lye Pool 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Lynhales 
 Lyonshall 
 
 52 
 
 60, 01, 63, 88 
 
 ... 68, 69 
 
 ... 69, 70 
 
 95 
 
 109 
 
 Maesllwch Castle ... 83 
 
 Maidenhead Inn ... 18 
 
 Malmsbury, William of ... 25 
 
 Malvern ... 72, 92, 108 
 
 Great... ... 71 
 
 Hills ... 23, 44, 70 
 
 Man of Ross Walk ... 87 
 
 Mapenore, Bishop ... 31 
 
 Mappa Mundi ... 33 
 
 Harden ... ... 24, 44 
 
 Marion's Hill ... ... lO.'i, 104 
 
 Market House, Rosa ... *7 
 
 Place, New ... 10 
 
 Marochetti, Baron ... 6 
 Marshall, W., Earl of Pembroke 87 
 
 Marston ... ... 95 
 
 Firs ... ... 93 
 
 Marstow ... ... 109 
 
 Mary Knoll Dingle ... 67, 68 
 
 Valley ... 51, 67 
 
 Marylebone Club ... 99 
 
 May Hill ... ... 94, 105 
 
 Maylord John ... 16 
 
 Street ... 16 
 
 Mayo, Bishop ... ... 29, 33 
 
 Meerbach Point 83 
 
 Melun, Robert de, Bishop 33 
 
 Mercia ... ... 25 
 
 Merewether, Dean ... 27, 32 
 
 Meyrick, Sir S. R. ... 56, 59 
 
 Midsummer Hill ... 70, 72 
 
 Milfrid, King of Mercia ... 25, 40 
 
 Milton .. ... 51, 68 
 
 Minor Canons ... ... 39 
 
 Mitcheldean ... 105 
 
 Moccas ... ... 93, 96
 
 INDEX. 
 
 "7 
 
 PAOS 
 
 Moccas Court ... ... 83 
 
 Park ... 55 
 
 Monasteries, Dissolution of 12, 14 
 
 Monkland ... .. 98 
 
 Monkmoor Street ... 12 
 
 Monmouth, 23, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 
 
 64, 85, 66, 81, 82, 84, 89, 10!) 
 
 Cap ... 110 
 
 Monnington ... 59 
 
 Court House ... 55 
 
 — — Lych Gate ... 55 
 
 Rocks ... 83 
 
 Monnow River ... 93, 97 
 
 Moor, Farm ... ... 46 
 
 Moorhampton . ... 53 
 
 Mordiford, 85, 93, 97,102,103, 10 1, 106 
 Bridge ... 85 
 
 Dragon's Lane ... 85 
 
 Frorae ... 101 
 
 Moreton ... ... 97 
 
 Morgan, Canon ... 32 
 
 Mortimer, Lard ... 3 
 
 and Oxford, Earl of 8 
 
 Mortimer's Cross .. 69 
 
 , Battle of 3 
 
 Much Birch ... 107 
 
 Much Mansel ... ... 19 
 
 Much Marcle ... ... 101 
 
 Mulhampton Farm ... 105 
 Municipal Reform Act 4 
 Museum ... 21, 22 
 Mo-wave. Archbishop ... 31 
 Musical Festival ... 6 
 Mvnvdd-Llangorse .. 80 
 Troed ... 80 
 
 Nant-y-Cader ... 77, 80 
 Nawby, Battle of ... 3 
 National Provincial Banking Co. 21 
 Nave, Cathedral ... 36, 37 
 Nelson, Lord ... 9 
 Newent ... 94, 105, 107 
 New Market Street ... 16 
 Weir ... 55,88 
 
 Iron Works ... 64 
 
 Radnor ... 109 
 
 Newnham ... ... <'»''■ 
 
 Newtown ... 108 
 
 12 
 
 88 
 Norfolk, I 'hades D., of ... 8 
 
 North Choir Aisle 31 
 
 East Transept .. 81,82 
 
 Herefordshire Hounds 20. 92 
 
 95, 96 
 
 Nicholas, Pope 
 
 Nicholls, J. G. 
 
 North Transept 
 Nupend 
 
 Oakley Park ... 
 
 Offa 
 
 Offa's Dyke ... 
 
 Hill ... 
 
 Oldbury Hill ... 
 Oldcastle, Henry 
 Old House 
 
 Red Sandstone 
 
 Sufton 
 
 "Old Stones" ... 
 ( hrgan, Cathedral 
 Orleton 
 
 , Adam de 
 
 Ouseley, Sir F. G. 
 Oxford and Mortimer, 
 
 PAGE 
 30 
 
 104. 105, 106 
 
 55, 8.'f 
 
 67 
 
 1, 24 
 
 I, 109 
 
 70 
 
 106 
 
 41 
 
 5, 6, 10, 46 
 
 73 
 
 103, 104 
 
 70 
 
 34 35 
 
 52, 68, 69, 108 
 
 28, 33, 34 
 
 35 
 
 Earl of 8 
 
 35 
 
 , St. John's College 
 
 Pandy 47, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 98, 109 
 Parliamentarian Struggle, 3, 9,22, 40 
 
 Pearcefield ... ... 90 
 
 Peckam. Archbishop of 
 
 Canterbury ... ... 28 
 
 Pembridge ... 48, 52, 92, 98 
 
 , Sir Richard ... 36 
 
 Pembroke, Earl ... 13 
 
 Penalt Court ... ... 89 
 
 Pen-alt-mawr ... ... 73 
 
 Pencraig ... ... 87 
 
 Pennoxtone ... ... 86 
 
 Peutlow Brook ... 106 
 
 Penybont ... ... 109 
 
 Pen-y-Cader 75, 76, 77, 79, 80 
 
 — fawr ... 73 
 
 Clawd ... ... 77 
 
 Hoel-hir 76 
 
 Perrystone ... ... 93, 105 
 
 Perton ... ... 101. 102 
 
 IVt.n-hurch ... .. 49 
 
 Phelip,, .1. ... ... 31 
 
 Philips, Anne... 36 
 
 Richard 36 
 
 PhiMott, Rev. H. W. ... 33 
 
 Pickersgill ... ... 6 
 
 Pleasant Stile ... ... 66 
 
 Pontrilas ... 49,93,109 
 
 Pont-Yspig ... ... 76 
 
 l>ort6elda ... 13 
 
 Portway Inn ... ... 56 
 
 u-ii ... 46, 52, '.'7 
 
 Price. Mr. Wm. ... 19 
 
 Price's Hospital ... 17, 19 
 
 Primrose, Mr. George ... 18
 
 n8 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Prior's Court ... 
 Prospect, The, Ross 
 Post Office 
 Public Baths ... 
 Pulpit 
 Putley 
 
 Cock Shoot 
 
 Putson 
 
 Putta's Town ... 
 
 Quay Street 
 Queen's Head Inn 
 
 Rackster 
 Radnorshire 
 
 Hills 
 
 Rankin, James, Esq., M.P, 
 Redbrook, Upper 
 Lower 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 10.'!, 104 
 87 
 21 
 11 
 37 
 94 
 108 
 84 
 84 
 
 5,9 
 
 77 
 
 100 
 
 92, 94, 98 
 
 23 
 
 21,93 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 38 
 
 31 
 
 109 
 
 47, 79, 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 54 
 
 Reredos 
 
 Reynelm, Bishop 
 Rhayader 
 Rhiw-wen, The 
 
 -cwm-slab 
 
 Rhos-fach Common 
 
 Rhydspence Inn 
 
 Richard's Castle 2, 44, 52, 53, G7, 108 
 
 Richard II. ... ... 3 
 
 Ridge Hill ... ... 104 
 
 River Arrow . . 48, 49, 98 
 
 Dore ... ... 97 
 
 — Honddhu ... 46, 75 
 
 Lugg, 44, 40, 48, 52, 69, 70, 
 
 81, 84, 97, 98, 101 
 
 Monnow ... 93, 97 
 
 Severn ... 66, 81, 94 
 
 Teine ... 44, 51, 81, 97 
 
 Wye— 1, 8, 43, 54, 57, 66, 81, 
 
 82, 86, 88, 89, 90, 
 92, 93, 94, 97, 99 
 
 Kocklands ... ... 60 
 
 Rodd. The ... ... 53 
 
 Roman Catholic Church ... 21 
 
 23, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, ,82, 87, 
 93, 94, 107 
 and ArchenfieldArchers 99 
 
 Church 
 - Harriers... 
 
 Hotels 
 
 Market House 
 
 Prospect... 
 
 Rotherwas 
 Ruckhall 
 Rudge End 
 Rushout, Misses 
 
 87 
 
 92, 95, 96 
 87 
 87 
 87 
 
 ... 84, 94 
 94 
 
 ... 101,105 
 37 
 
 Salmon fishing 
 
 flies ... 
 
 Sarnesfield 
 Saye and Sele, Lord 
 Scotch Army ... 
 Scott, Mr. 
 
 , Sir G. C. 
 
 Screen, Cathedral 
 Scudamore, John 
 - Lord 
 Schools 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ... 96, 97 
 
 98 
 
 94, 95, 109 
 
 32 
 
 ... 22, 84 
 14 
 ... 36, 38 
 ... 37, 38 
 14 
 18 
 18 
 Scutterdine ... .. 103 
 
 Seager Hill ... ... 10H, 106 
 
 Sellack ... ... 86 
 
 Seven Sisters, The ... 64 
 
 Severn, River ... 66, 81, 94 
 
 Sea ... ... 82 
 
 Shelley, Mrs. Jane ... 19 
 
 Sherfield ... ... 10 
 
 Shinfield ... ... 28 
 
 Shirehall ... ... 5, 6, 7 
 
 Shobdon ... 14, 48, 97, 100 
 
 Shrine of St. Thomas .. 27 
 
 Shropshire ... ... 91 
 
 South ... 92, 95 
 
 Shucknall ... ... 102 
 
 Silurian Fossils ... 22 
 
 Simeon of Durham ... 25 
 
 Trustees .. 8 
 
 Skating Rink ... ... 17 
 
 Skidmore Art Company ... 37 
 
 Mr. ... .. 38 
 
 Smith, G. Townshend ... 34 
 
 Snodhill Castle ... 49 
 
 Snowdon ... ... 73 
 
 Society of Antiquaries ... 41 
 
 Sollers Hope ... ... 10C 
 
 South Aisle of Nave ... 36 
 
 Choir Aisle ... 33 
 
 East Transept 32, 33, 39 
 
 ■ Herefordshire Hounds, 93, 
 
 95, 96 
 
 Transept ... 36 
 
 Speech House ... ... 61, 66 
 
 Stanbury, Bishop .. 29, 31 
 
 Stanhope, Sir H. S., Bart. 85 
 
 Stanner Rocks... ... 49 
 
 Stanton ... .... 66 
 
 St. Andrew'sChurch, Holme Lacy 85 
 
 — Anne's Chapel ... 26, 27 
 
 — Anthony, Hospital of ... 17 
 
 — Augustine ... ... 24 
 
 — Catharine's Chapel ... 41 
 
 — Ceadda ... ... 40 
 
 — David ... ... 40
 
 INDEX. 
 
 St. Edward ... 
 
 - Ethelbert ... 
 
 — Ethelbert's Hospital 
 ■ Well 
 
 — George 
 
 — Giles Hospital 
 
 — Guthlac, Priory of 
 
 — Junes' Church 
 
 — John, Knights of 
 The Baptist 
 
 PACK 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 5, 9 
 
 5, 9 
 
 40 
 
 5,7 
 
 7, 11, 12 
 
 5, 8 
 
 — John's College, Battersea 
 
 Oxford 
 
 — Hospital 
 
 15 
 32 
 30 
 35 
 
 15 
 Martin's Church 22, 28, 84 
 
 Mary, Church of ... 41 
 
 Magdalen's Chapel 41 
 
 Nicholas' Church ... 21, 22 
 
 Street ... 22 
 
 Owen's Street ... 7 
 
 Patrick's, Dublin ... 88 
 
 Peter, Abbey of, Gloucester 7, 11 
 Peter's Church, Hereford 5, 8, 11 
 
 - Street 
 
 — Putta 
 
 — Thomas de Cantilupe, 
 
 Shrine of... 2! 
 
 — Vincent de Paul 
 
 — Wenefrida ... 
 
 — Weonards ... 
 
 — Xavier's Church 
 si un Flour Mills 
 Steep Holmes ... 
 Stephen, King... 
 Stockton Cross.. 
 
 Stoke Edith, 
 
 6 
 
 84 
 
 ', 29, 30 
 84 
 40 
 94, 109 
 21 
 11 
 90 
 38 
 50, 92, 93 
 
 Lacy 
 
 Stone Street 
 Sufton Court ... 
 Sngar-Loaf, The 
 Sugwas 
 
 Boat ... 
 
 Sutton 
 Swallowfield 
 Swift, Dean ... 
 
 Rev. Thos. 
 
 Swinfield, Bishop 
 Symonds, R. ... 
 
 Rev. W. S. 
 
 Win., Esq. 
 
 Yat— 56, 60, 
 
 93,101,102,103,101, 
 
 106, 107 
 
 10* 
 
 69 
 
 85 
 
 76 
 
 20 
 
 55 
 
 1, 2, 24, 44 
 
 28 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 27, 28, 31, 33 
 
 27 
 
 70 
 
 12 
 
 63, 64, 65. 
 
 SI, ss 
 
 Talbot, 1!. ... ... 58, 88 
 
 . Kails of Shrewsbury 87 
 
 Talgarth 
 
 Tancred's Walls 
 
 Tarrington 
 
 Taylor, Rev. J. R. G 
 
 Taylor's Map of the 
 
 Tedgewood 
 
 Teme, ltiver ... 
 
 side Archers 
 
 Theatre 
 
 Theseus, Temple of 
 
 Thomas, Mr. James 
 
 Tin Hill 
 
 Tintern 
 
 Abbey 
 
 Parva.. 
 
 Trebandy 
 Trevenant, Bishop 
 Ti \\ yn House... 
 Trout Fishing ... 
 
 Flies 
 
 Tupsley 
 
 Turgot 
 
 Tweedie 
 
 Twelve Apostles, The 
 
 Tymberlyne 
 
 Union Street ... 
 Upper Kedbrook 
 Upton 
 
 Court ... 
 
 — -on-Severn 
 
 Urania 
 
 Orishay Castle 
 Usher, Archbishop 
 
 "9 
 
 PAGE 
 
 74, 79, 80 
 
 93 
 
 106 
 
 35 
 
 City 41 
 
 105 
 
 44, 51, 81, 97 
 
 99 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 94, 95, 109 
 
 90 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 93 
 
 ... 28, 36 
 
 74 
 
 ... 96, 98 
 
 9H 
 
 ... 103, 108 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 90 
 
 94 
 
 11 
 89 
 94 
 Ki., 
 92 
 16 
 49 
 24 
 
 balances, The ... ... 87 
 
 Valley of the White-leaved Oak 72 
 
 Wood-... ... 93 
 
 Gorse ... ... 93 
 
 Vere, William de, Bishop 20, 27, 33 
 
 Vicars Choral, College of . . . 31, 39 
 
 Cloister ... 26, 33 
 
 Victoria Street... ... 18 
 
 Vienna ... ... 17 
 
 Vineyard ... 84 
 
 Vowchurch ... 49 
 
 Wain Street ... ... 72 
 
 Wale- ... ... 1 
 
 , l irillith, Prince of... 25 
 
 Walford ... ... 59 
 
 Church ... ."'9 
 
 r, John ... ... IE 
 
 Waller ... ... 3 
 
 Wall Street ... ... 17,18
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PACK 
 
 10!' 
 
 94 
 
 36 
 
 30, 31, 32 
 
 :i 
 
 31 
 
 21, 23 
 5:1 
 ,s:t 
 83 
 104 
 108 
 ;>o 
 
 88 
 53 
 
 10'-' 
 
 53, 92, 109 
 
 34 
 
 Westfaling, Bishop 30 
 
 West Herefordshire Hounds 92,94, 96 
 
 Walton 
 
 Wapley 
 
 Waring, Archdeacon 
 
 Warrington 
 
 Wars of the Roses 
 
 Warton, Bishop 
 
 Waterworks 
 
 Wegnall, The ... 
 
 Weir Cliff 
 
 The 
 
 Welch Court ... 
 Wellington 
 
 — Heath 
 
 Welsh Bicknor 
 
 Church 
 
 Wenlock Limestone 
 Weobley 
 
 Church 
 
 Hide 
 
 Wes ton-super-mare 
 Whitchurch 
 Whitcliff Wood 
 Whitecross 
 
 Kennels 
 
 Road 
 
 — Street 
 
 Whiteway Head 
 
 Whitfield 
 
 Whitney 
 
 Bridge 
 
 ■ Court 
 
 ... 93, 10'^ 
 90 
 62, 88, 109 
 66 
 19, 20, 32, 92 
 17, 20 
 19 
 ... 21, 23 
 69 
 94, 96 
 109 
 :,.-, 
 83 
 ... 13, 98 
 IS 
 16 
 10, 12, 16, 46 
 Wigmore 12, 44, 48, 54, 68, 69, 70, 110 
 Castle 54, 68, 70 
 
 G range 68 
 
 Widemarsh 
 
 Common 
 
 - (J ate 
 Street 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Road 
 
 — ; Rolls 
 
 Wigmoremarsh Street 
 Willersley 
 
 69 
 66 
 95 
 
 12 
 109 
 
 Wilcroft 
 William III. ... 
 
 of Malmesbury 
 
 — Wycumbe 
 
 PACK 
 
 102 
 4 
 25 
 26 
 Williams' Hospital ... 5, 7 
 
 Wilton ... ... 14, 59 
 
 Abbey ... 54 
 
 Bridge 58, 59, 87 
 
 Castle 53, 58, 59, 70, 87 
 
 Windsor, Dean & C'hapterof 17 
 
 Window Mill ... ... 103 
 
 Withington 
 
 Station 
 
 Woofferton ... 52, 53, 
 Woolhope ... 10 
 
 Club Room 
 
 Field Club 
 
 — Hills 
 Valley 
 
 Worcester 
 
 -shire 
 
 Beacon 
 
 Wordsworth 
 Wormesley 
 Wulwive 
 Wyatt 
 Wych, The 
 
 Wycumbe, William of 
 Wygmore. William 
 Wye Bridge, Hereford 
 
 102 
 
 92 
 
 67, 68, 69 
 
 I, 10^, lO'i 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 85 
 
 108 
 
 91 
 
 71, 72 
 
 46 
 
 111:1 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 71 
 
 86 
 
 14 
 
 21, 22, 45, 
 
 73, 84, 99 
 
 River, 1, 8, 43, 54, 57, 66, 81, 
 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 
 93, 94, 97, 99 
 Valley ... 23, 44 
 
 Wyndcliff, The 
 Wynnes 
 
 Yarpole 
 
 Yatley 
 
 Yatton 
 
 52, 
 
 Court 
 
 Yazor 
 
 Yorkists 
 
 Yorkshire 
 
 90 
 14 
 
 69, 70, 95 
 
 95 
 
 101 
 
 70 
 
 100 
 
 3 
 
 96 
 
 Printed by Jakeman and Carver, High Town, Hereford.
 
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