IRLF 
 
 
 GV 
 
 JPhysical Training 
 
 an 
 
 d G 
 
 ames 
 
 As Used hi tke (Canadian Forces 
 
 - BY - 
 
 CAPT. ROY S. HARRISON, 
 
 - M. C., C. deG. - 
 Canadian Army Gymnastic Stall 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 
 cr* 
 
 CD 
 
 Adopted by tke United States MarU.e Corps r > a supplement 
 to the present Manual of Physical Trmntng i < n: at the existing 
 emergency of obtaining the best results in the shortest time 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY CAPTAIN ROY S. HARRISON, C A G. S. 
 
GIFT OF 
 
Physical Training 
 and Games 
 
 As Used in tke Canadian Forces 
 BY 
 
 CAPT. ROY S. HARRISON, 
 M. c., c. de'c. 
 
 Canadian Armij Gvjmnastic Staff 
 
 Adopted LXJ tke United States Marine Corps as a supplement 
 to the present Manual of Physical Training to meet the existing 
 emergency of obtaining the Lest results in the shortest time 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1918. BY CAPTAIN ROY S. HARRISON, C. A. G. S. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 This book is compiled from special Tables as 
 taught in the Canadian Forces and its object is 
 to give a few simple exercises which will build 
 up the body and also tone the nerves. In every- 
 day life the fact that the muscles of the body be- 
 come soft is lost sight of, and the consequence is 
 that when hard, musclar work is required of the 
 body it is unable to perform it through lack of 
 proper treatment. 
 
 I served three years in France with the Cana- 
 dian Forces and each day one hour was set apart 
 for Physical Training, which kept our men in 
 almost perfect condition at all times. 
 
 These exercises are very good for the man in 
 good physical condition, and are equally as good 
 and even better for those not in first-class con- 
 dition. 
 
 A short time set aside for these exercises to 
 be performed in daily will show in a short time 
 a wonderful improvement in the body. 
 
 It is always good policy to learn one Table 
 correctly before advancing to *he next. In this 
 way a gradml building-; up;- pi-bdess takes place. 
 
 Stout and: stiff rlrmjbed .persons would benefit 
 very much, fr-om. taking: these exercises. 
 
 If benefit is derived by all who partake in these 
 exercises, then the object of this book is accom- 
 plished. 
 
 ROY S. HARRISON, 
 
 Captain, C. A. G. S. 
 
v* u< 
 
 Trapezius. 
 
 Deltoid 
 
 Dorsal 
 
 Triceps. - - 
 Biceps. - - 
 
 Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 Gluteus maximus. 
 
 _ Adductors of the thigh 
 Quadricep sexteosor. 
 
 MUSCLES op THBIBODY (generakriew). 
 
 395065 
 
 (3) 
 
Hamstrings. 
 
 Hamstriuga. 
 
 Patella. 
 
 Calf muscles. 
 
 Tendo Acbillis. 
 Os calcis. 
 
 (4) 
 
Incorrect. Incorrect. Correct. Correct. 
 
 Fig. 1. Pig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 
 
 Position of Attention. 
 Fig. 1. Faults : Head poked forward, chest and lumbar region of back hollowed, 
 
 abdomen pushed forward . 
 Fig. 2. Faults : Shoulders unduly drawn back, chest forced out, back hollowed, 
 
 weight on fore part'of feet ; position strained and unnatural. 
 Figs. 3 & 4. Correct, erect position, without strain. 
 
 Fig. 7. 
 
 Pi? 8 
 
 v 4-^ / 
 
 Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. 
 
 Position of Feet. "Heels- raise " (HI. r.). " Knees bend "'(K. b.). 
 
 Fig. 7. "Feet close "(F.cl.) . Heels together and lifted 'Heels kept together, body 
 
 Fig. 8. "Feet-^open" (F. o.). as high as possible, body not inclined forward. 
 
 Fig. 9. "Feet full -open" erect as at "attention. 
 (F. full o.). 
 
 (5) 
 
Fig. 14. 
 
 Fig. 15. 
 I 
 
 Fig. 17. 
 
 Position of Feet. 
 Fig. 14. " Feet astride 
 
 Fig. 15. " Left Foot side- 
 way 3 place." 
 
 Fig. 17. "Left Foot out* 
 ward place." 
 
 Correct. 
 Fig. 22. 
 
 " Ilead backward bend. 
 
 Chin kept down, breathing 
 
 unrestrained, movement 
 
 not extended to back. 
 
 Incorrect. 
 
 Fig. 21. 
 
 Faults : - -Chin forced up- 
 ward, shoulders raised, 
 back hollowed, breathing 
 
 restricted. 
 
 Incorrect. Correct. Correct. 
 
 Fig. 24. Fig. 25. Fig. 26. 
 
 Position of " Hips firm:' 
 Fig. 24. Faults: Head poked forward, shoulders forced 
 
 backhands not grasping hips, hack hollowed. 
 Figs. 25 & 26. Position of shoulders as at "attention" 
 maintained, heel of hand forced down, fingers 
 inclined slightly upwards, hip grasped firmly. 
 
 (6) 
 
Fig. 27. Fig. 28. 
 
 Fig. 27. Position of " Keck rest* (N.r.) 
 Hands behind upper part of neck, 
 finger tips just meeting, chest well 
 raised, head erect and elbows pressed 
 well back. 
 
 ,_Fig. 29. 
 
 Position of "Arms sideways stretch." 
 Keep the hands level with the shoulders 
 throughout, extending them as far 
 apart as possible by forcing them 
 outwards from the shoulders. 
 
 Fig 28. Position of " Arms bend" (A. b.). Finger nails pointing inward, forearms 
 vertical, elbows kept away from sides and in line with centre of trunk. 
 
 Correct, Incorrect. Correct. 
 
 Fig. 30. Fig. 31. Fig. 32. 
 
 Position cf " Arms upward stretch " (A. npw. str.); 
 By exerting considerable tension, force the hands as high 
 as possible, keeping them the width of the shoulders 
 apart with palms turned inward. It is important 
 that the erect position of ' attention " is maintained 
 by the rest of the body. 
 
 Fig. 34. 
 
 Position of "Left Arm 
 upward, right Arm. 
 downward ttretck " 
 (1 A. upw. 1 A. downw. 
 str.). 
 
 (7) 
 
Fig. 78- 
 
 Position of 'On the Hands." 
 
 Fingers slightly inward, hands rather wider apart 
 
 than the shoulders, arms straight and nearly 
 
 vertical, toes apart and body straight as at. 
 
 "attention." 
 
 Fig. 71. 
 
 Position / " On the left Hand turn," "Leg-raise: 
 
 The leg is raised as high as possible and the hip ii 
 
 allowed to follow the movement. 
 
 Pig. 79. 
 
 Position of*' On the Honda ; Leg raise." 
 
 Keeping the leg straight raise it as high as possible, 
 
 toe pointed, without altering position of body. 
 
 Fig. 74. 
 
 Position of "Trunk 
 backyard bend." An 
 exaggerated " Head 
 backward bend " by 
 extending the move- 
 ment down the spine 
 as low as the bottom 
 of the shoulder blados 
 without hollowing the 
 lumbar region of the 
 back. 
 
 Fig. 82. 
 Position of " 
 'Leg raise " from 
 " Lying, A-.rms 
 upward raise." 
 With toes point- 
 ed, leg raised _to 
 an angle oi. 45, 
 keeping knees and 
 back straight. 
 " Legs rctisinj." 
 Right leg shows 
 position for both 
 legs. 
 
 (8) 
 
Pig. 
 
 Fig. 36. 
 Final position of "Arms swinging downward 
 
 and backward." 
 Figs. Sfcand 37. Position of \*> Arms forward bend " 
 
 (A. forw. b.) and "Arms fling." 
 
 Elbows kept well back, hands move horizontally and 
 
 the backward movement not forcibly checked, 
 
 liositiori of head and trunk to remain unaltered. 
 
 Fig. 60. 
 
 Positioned " Left Knee 
 raise" (Left K. r.) and 
 from it "Leg forward 
 stretch" (L. forw. str.). 
 
 Fig. 61. Fig. 66. Fig. 67. 
 
 Fig. 61. Position of " Left Leg backicard raise " (Left L. backw. r.). 
 Fi '.. 66r " Trunk to the left turn " (with " Neckrest "). In all Trui 
 
 ' (with " Neck rest "). In all Trunk turning 
 
 hips kept to the front, upper part of "trunk (i.e., above the waist) turned s 
 far as possible in direction named, the relative positions of head and arms 
 being maintained. 
 
 Fig. 67. Position of Trunkto the leftbend" (Tr. sldew. b.), from " Feet close," 
 " Right Arm upward, left Arm downward stretch." Trunk not inclined 
 forward or backward, relative position of head maintained. 
 
 (9) 
 
"Correct. incorrect. 
 
 Pig. 84. Fig. 85. 
 
 ''Trunk forward bend " (Tr. forw. b.). 
 
 Fig. 86. 
 
 Fig. 84. With " Arras upw rd stretch." Correct. 
 
 Fig. 85. Faults: Back -rounded, arms allowed to drop forward. 
 
 Fig86. From "Trunk- forward bend" tfPr, forw b .) "Trunk 
 
 (Jr. downw. b.). Correct position *-Back kept straight as possible. 
 
 Fig. Ola. 
 Fig. 9la. "Slow march. 
 
 Fig. 92. 
 Pace of about 20-in. 
 
 Fig, 98. 
 -Head, trunk, arras said. Sonvard 
 
 leg at the position of attention, excepting that tb'e whole body is almost imper- 
 ceptibly inclined forward from the forward ankle-joint ; rear leg braced and the 
 under part otthe toes resting on the ground 
 
 Fig. 92. " Double march." Double pn toes with easy springy strides, Inclining 
 body slightly forward maintaining correct carriage. Arms slightly bent (136; 
 and swinging easily from shoulders. Fists cJencljed, backs of hands outward- 
 Fig. 93. ".Upward jump." JRaise the. heels, keeping the body erect, bend thje 
 knees and spring vertically upward/fully exteriding bodv and'legs arid carrying 
 head and feet Backward without bending the knees. Land lightly by coming 
 to the "full knees bend " position, thus neutralishig the shock. 
 
 (10) 
 
HINTS TO REGIMENTAL INSTRUCTORS 
 
 WHEN CONDUCTING THE TRAINED 
 
 SOLDIERS' TABLES* 
 
 (1) Enforce strictest discipline tempered with tact, without 
 which training loses greatly in value. 
 
 (2) Always ensure that the men are kept warm. 
 
 (3) Check faults as shortly as possible and above all avoid 
 a large amount of talking. 
 
 (4) Keep the class "lively" and interested. An aid to this is 
 the use of "Quickening Exercises," of which the following 
 are a few of the simplest examples : 
 
 (a) Falling in in two ranks as quickly as possible at dif- 
 ferent spots indicated by the Instructor. 
 
 (b) Racing to a spot a short distance away, and back. 
 
 (c) Assuming the sitting position, and getting up again 
 as quickly as possible. 
 
 (d) Hopping with Leg raising sideways, etc., etc. 
 
 (5) Never neglect to encourage a class for any improvement, 
 even though it may only be slight. 
 
 (6) Never keep men long in a position of strain. 
 
 (7) Remember "Trunk backward bend" equals an exaggera- 
 ted "Head backward bend." with the movement only extended 
 as far as the shoulder blades. 
 
 Every effort must be made to organize the Physical Train- 
 ing on lines which will allow the instruction, once commenced, 
 to continue without interruption for one hour daily for each 
 recruit. 
 
 The training should be commenced by running about 
 60 to 80 yards at a moderate pace, and then marching at ease 
 in quick time until the normal breathing is restored. Another 
 60 or 70 yards may then be taken at a run, followed by march- 
 ing at ease. A total of not more than 200 to 250 yards actual 
 running may be taken in this way for the first few days; 
 the distances may then be gradually increased and the pace 
 also slightly increased as the men prove equal to it. 
 
 As the distances covered without breaking into quick 
 time are increased the number of periods of alternate running 
 and walking should be reduced, and great care taken to avoid 
 pushing the men beyond their power. Signs of abnormal dis- 
 tress at the conclusion of the running mean that the progres- 
 sion has been too rapid, or that the man who shows such signs 
 is not fitted for the training, and should be brought to the no- 
 tice of the Medical Officer. 
 
METHOD OF INSTRUCTION, 
 
 New exercises should be taught as follows : : 
 
 (1) Name the exercise. 
 
 (2) Tell the class its object and effect. 
 
 (3) Show the exercise and emphasize only one or two of 
 the most important points to be borne in mind with regard to 
 it. 
 
 NOTE. (a) Whenever possible state these points while 
 showing the exercise. As a general rule, either the Instructor 
 or the Class should be performing the exercise or part of it. 
 
 (b) In case of exercises involving strain, set the exercise 
 first and then bring out a good performer to illustrate the 
 points. 
 
 (4) Put the class through, at the same time verbally point- 
 ing ^ out faults^ but never keep men too long in a strained 
 position for this purpose. 
 
 (5) Perfect the performance of the exercise gradually by 
 alternately showing the less important points and putting 
 the class through. 
 
 (6) When starting on a new Table, teach only about half 
 the new exercises and complete the Table with exercises previ- 
 ously learned. On the second day the new Table may be ta- 
 ken in its entirety. 
 
 COMMON FAULTS. 
 
 (1) Stating too many points to be remembered at one 
 time by a recruit. 
 
 (2) Coirecting minor before important points. 
 
 (3) Talking too much and before the exercise has been 
 shown to the class. 
 
 (4) Neglecting to make the work interesting. 
 
 (5) "Nagging" the class and neglecting to praise good work. 
 
 OPEN RANKS, 
 
 Class falls in in two ranks, facing Instructor ; short men on 
 the right, tall men on the left; 60 inches between ranks. 
 Class will dress "by the right" and then "Count off" (or 
 number). On the command "Open Ranks MARCH," the 
 odd numbers of the front rank will take two thirty-inch paces 
 to the front, and immediately "dress by the right," and stand 
 steady. 
 
 The even numbers of the rear rank will take two 30-inch 
 paces to the rear, and "dress by the right" and stand steady. 
 Instructor will then turn class in a half-right or half-left 
 direction. This formation will give every man sufficient room 
 to perform all exercises, with the exception of "On the hands 
 DOWN." To perform this exercise the Instructor will turn 
 class to original front. 
 
 (12) 
 
POSITION OF "ATTENTION." 
 
 Class to assume positions as Instructor describes them. 
 Heels together and on line, toes turned out at an angle of 
 45 degrees, legs straight, knees braced, hips square to the 
 front, body balanced evenly on the hips, chest up, shoulders 
 back, arms hanging straight at sides, hands open, fingers 
 stretched well downward and joined, thumbs close to fore- 
 fingers and slightly in rear of seam of trousers, wrist straight, 
 neck erect, head balanced evenly on the neck, chin slightly 
 drawn in, eyes looking their own height and straight to the 
 front. Weight of the body is divided evenly between the 
 fore and rear part of the feet. This is a position of readiness 
 and must be assumed on the command "ATTENTION" (cut 
 short and pronounced "Class CHUN"). 
 
 See illustration page 5. 
 
 "AT EASE/' 
 
 A class must not be kept too long at the position of 
 "ATTENTION," 
 
 When explaining or demonstrating the exercises, class 
 should be "AT EASE." In this position they are allowed to 
 relax the muscles of the body but must not move the feet. 
 
 PHYSICAL TRAINING TABLES. 
 TABLE J, PART J. 
 
 A. INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Separate starting positions. 
 
 Leg Ex. (a) Feet CLOSE. Feet OPEN. 
 
 Object: Develops the adductor and abductor mus- 
 
 cles on inside and outside of leg. 
 (b) Heels RAISE. Heels LOWER. 
 
 Object: Strengthens the muscles of feet and legs; 
 
 also toe and ankle joints. 
 
 Neck Ex. Head Backward BEND. Head upward 
 
 STRETCH. 
 
 Object: Takes away the hump off top of spine; 
 
 strengthens muscles of neck. 
 
 Arm Ex. (a) Hips FIRM, Hands DOWN. 
 
 Object: Takes weight of hands and arms off shoul- 
 
 ders also is the starting position for other 
 exercises. 
 
 (b) Arms BEND. Arms downward 
 STRETCH. 
 
 Object: Strengthens muscles of arms and shoul- 
 
 ders, elbow and shoulder joints. 
 
 ( c ) A. B. Arms sideward STRETCH. 
 A. B. Arms Downward STRETCH. 
 
 (13) 
 
Object: Develops deltoid muscle on top of shoulder. 
 
 Trunk Ex. Feet CLOSE. H. F. TRUNK BEND- 
 
 ING SIDEWAYS (done to count of four 
 beats of time). F. O. H. D. 
 
 Object: Develops muscles runing up side of trunk. 
 
 Leg Ex. (a) H. F. Foot sideways PLACE. 
 
 Foot inward PLACE. 
 Object: Stretching effect through leg. Starting 
 
 position for other exercises. (Done with 
 
 right or left foot.) 
 
 (b) H. F. Foot forward PLACE. 
 
 Foot inward PLACE. 
 Object: Same as (a). 
 
 c) H. F. HEELS RAISING AND 
 NEES BENDING. (Done to four beats 
 
 of time.) 
 Object: Develops muscles of the calf and upper 
 
 leg; also good for toe, ankle, knee and 
 
 hip joints, also corrects flat-footedness ; 
 
 very good for the arches. 
 
 Commands ending in "ing" mean that 
 
 exercise is done by the numbers and starts 
 
 left side first. 
 
 B. GENERAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Balance Ex. H. F. Knee RAISE. Knee LOWER. 
 
 H. D. 
 Object: Teaches control of the body also tones 
 
 up the nerves. 
 Lateral Ex. H. F. Foot forward PLACE. TRUNK 
 
 TURNING. Foot inward PLACE. H. 
 
 D. 
 
 N. B. Turn trunk only toward forward leg. 
 
 Object: Develops lateral muscles of trunk. 
 
 Abdominal Ex. H. F. Foot sideways PLACE. TRUNK 
 
 BENDING BACKWARD. Foot inward 
 
 PLACE. H. D. 
 
 Object: Develops muscles of abdomen by stretch- 
 
 ing and releasing. 
 
 (An exaggerated "Head Backward 
 BEND.") 
 Dorsal Ex. H. F. Foot sideways PLACE. TRUNK 
 
 BENDING FORWARD. Foot inward 
 
 PLACE. 
 
 H. D. (Two beats of time. One to angle 
 
 of 45 degrees. Two upright position.) 
 
 Object: Develops the dorsal muscles of the back. 
 
 Marching Ex. Forward MARCH. On the toes 
 
 MARCH. Forward MARCH. HALT. 
 
 (14) 
 
Object: 
 
 Jumping and 
 
 Vaulting Ex. 
 Object: 
 
 i. 
 2. 
 Object: 
 
 i. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 7- 
 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 
 10. 
 
 ii. 
 
 Leg Ex. 
 Object: 
 
 Object: 
 
 Teaches correct method of walking and 
 correct carriage of body. 
 
 HIGH JUMP. (Taken free.) 
 Develops the jumping muscles of the legs. 
 C FINAL EXERCISES. 
 
 H. F. Feet astride PLACE. Feet to- 
 gether PLACE. H. D. 
 
 ARMS RAISING SIDEWAYS. (Breath- 
 ing exercise.) COMMENCE. 
 To bring body back to its normal state. 
 
 PART 2. 
 
 Selection from: 
 
 In two ranks FALL IN. (Practice fre- 
 quently. Sixty inches between ranks.) 
 Forward MARCH. (Thirty-inch pace 
 cadence, 140 to 180 paces per minute.) 
 MARCHING ON THE TOES. Eighteen- 
 inch pace cadence, 140 to 180 paces per 
 minute.) 
 
 DOUBLE MARCH. 
 
 HIGH JUMP. (Taken free.) JUMP- 
 ING OVER ROPE. 
 LONG JUMP. (Taken free.) 
 HOPPING WITH LEG RAISING SIDE- 
 WAYS. (With H. F.) 
 RUNNING TRAINING. (Free, easy 
 stride. 
 
 LEAP FROG. 
 
 SURMOUNTING OBSTACLES. 
 
 QUICKENING EXERCISES. 
 
 N. B. Always finish with marching on 
 
 the toes. 
 
 TABLE 2, PART J. 
 
 A. INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Combined starting positions, 
 (a) FEET CLOSE AND FULL OPEN. 
 FEET CLOSE AND OPEN. 
 Develops adductor and abductor muscles; 
 control; starting position for other exer- 
 cises. 
 
 (b)Feet astride, A. sideward STRETCH. 
 Feet together, A. downward STRETCH. 
 Same as (a). 
 (15) 
 
Neck Ex. HEAD TURNING. 
 
 Object: Develops side muscles of neck. 
 
 Arm Ex. (a) Arms bend ARMS UPWARD 
 
 STRETCH. Arms bend ARMS DOWN- 
 WARDSTRETCH. 
 
 Object: Develops muscles of arms and shoulders; 
 
 elbow and shoulder joints, 
 (b) (Bombing) ARMS RAISING SIDE- 
 WAYS QUICKLY. (Two beats of time.) 
 
 Object: Develops deltoid and latissimus dorsi mus- 
 
 cles. (Bombing muscles.) 
 
 Trunk Ex. F. full open and H. F. TRUNK TURN- 
 
 ING. F. in and H. D. 
 
 Object: Develops trunk muscles. 
 
 Leg Ex. F. sideways and H. F. HEELS RAIS- 
 
 ING AND FULL KNEES BENDING. 
 F. O. and H. D. 
 
 Object: Strengthens leg muscles also gives good 
 
 carriage to the body* 
 
 B. GENERAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Dorsal Ex. Foot sideways and H. F. TRUNK BEND- 
 
 ING BACKWARD. F. In and H. D. 
 
 Object: Develops dorsal and trapezia muscles at 
 
 top of back. 
 
 Balance Ex. H. F. KNEE RAISING. H. D, 
 
 Object: Tones up the nerves also gives control. 
 
 Lateral Ex. Foot sideways and H. F. TRUNK 
 
 BENDING SIDEWAYS. F. In and H. 
 D. 
 
 Object: Develops lateral muscles. 
 
 Abdominal Ex. On the hands DOWN. (On bench or 
 ground.) On the feet UP. 
 
 Object: Develops muscles of the stomach. (Ab- 
 
 dominal muscles.) 
 
 Dorsal Ex. F. sideways and H. F. TRUNK BEND- 
 
 ING FORWARD AND DOWNWARD. 
 F. IN. Hands DOWN. 
 
 Object: Strengthens dorsal muscles of the back. 
 
 Marching Ex. H. F. with KNEE RAISING QUICK 
 MARK TIME. HALT. H. D. 
 
 Object: Control; also develops leg muscles. 
 
 Jumping and (a) UPWARD JUMPING. 
 
 Vaulting Ex. (b) DOWNWARD JUMPING. (From 
 bench bank or any other suitable position.) 
 
 Object: Develops jumping muscles; also teaches 
 
 correct way to land and take shock off 
 spine. 
 
 (16) 
 
Object: 
 
 Leg Ex. 
 Object: 
 
 Neck Ex. 
 Object: 
 Arm Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 Bombing Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 Trunk Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 Leg Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 
 i. 
 
 Object: 
 
 C FINAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Heels RAISE. Heels LOWER. 
 ARMS RAISING SIDEWAYS AND UP- 
 WARD LOWERING SIDEWAYS 
 AND DOWNWARD COMMENCE. 
 Breathing exercise. Brings the body, lungs 
 and heart back to their normal state. 
 
 PART 2. 
 
 Same as table i. 
 
 Preliminary Bombing exercises should be 
 
 taught here i. e., Bombing positions. 
 
 TABLE 3, PART J. 
 
 A. INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 H. F. FOOT PLACING SIDEWAYS 
 BY THE FRONT COMMENCE. 
 Class HALT. H. D. 
 Develops leg muscles ; also teaches control. 
 Good thinking exercise. (Done to a count 
 of six beats of time; third and sixth beat 
 being a pause.) 
 
 HEAD BENDING SIDEWAYS. 
 Strengthens side muscles of neck. 
 A. B. ARMS STRETCHING SIDE- 
 WAYS. (Upward or forward.) A.D. 
 STRETCH. 
 
 Strengthens muscles of arms and shoul- 
 ders ; also good for elbows and shoulder 
 joints. 
 
 Arms sideways RAISE. ARMS SWING- 
 ING FORWARD. ARMS SIDEWAYS 
 LOWER. 
 
 Develops deltoid and tricep muscles. 
 F. cl., and H. F. TRUNK BENDING 
 SIDEWAYS. Feet OPEN. H. D. 
 Same as in Table 2. 
 
 F. f. open and H. F. HEELS RAIS- 
 ING AND FULL KNEE BENDING. 
 Feet OPEN. H. D. 
 Same as in Table 2. 
 
 B. GENERAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Dor. Ex. Foot sideways, and H. F. 
 TRUNK BENDING BACKWARD. 
 Same as in Table 2. 
 
 (17) 
 
2. Compl. Ex. Foot sideways, and H. F. 
 
 TRUNK BENDING FORWARD AND 
 FULL DOWNWARD. 
 Foot IN. H. D. 
 
 Object: To take away any strain caused by previ- 
 
 ous exercises. 
 
 N. B. These two exercises are done together; 
 
 i.e., without coming back to the position of 
 attention from the Dorsal exercise. 
 Start with Complimentary* 
 
 Balance Ex. (a) H. F. KNEE RAISING. 
 
 OR (b) H. F. LEG RAISING SIDE- 
 
 WAYS. H. D. 
 
 Object: Same as in Table 2. 
 
 Lateral Ex. (a) Foot sideways and neck REST. 
 
 TRUNK BENDING SIDEWAYS. 
 OR (b) Foot sideways and H. F. TRUNK 
 
 TURNING QUICKLY. Foot IN, and 
 H. D. (for both exercises.) 
 
 Object: Same as in Table 2, but much stronger ex- 
 
 ercise. 
 
 Bombing Ex. Foot sideways and H. F. TRUNK TO 
 LEFT (right) TURN. TRUNK TURN- 
 ING TO RIGHT (left). 
 
 Object: Develops bombing muscles in trunk and 
 
 back. 
 
 N. B. Trunk is turned in a continuous movement 
 
 from left (right) to right (left). 
 
 Abdominal Ex. (a) On the hands DOWN. A. B. 
 A. STRETCH. On the feet UP. 
 
 OR (b) (Ground permitting.) 
 
 Lying on the back DOWN. A. upward 
 RAISE. LEG RAISING. On the feet 
 UP. 
 
 Object: Same as in Table 2, but much stronger 
 
 exercise. 
 
 Dorsal Ex. Foot sideways and H.F. TRUNK BEND- 
 
 ING FORWARD and FULL DOWN- 
 WARD. Foot IN. H. D. 
 
 Object: Same as in Table 2. Head hangs loose 
 
 in a full downward position; knees stiff. 
 
 Marching Ex. (a) Forward MARCH. 
 
 (b) Double MARCH. 
 
 (c) H. F., with KNEE RAISING 
 QUICK MARK TIME. 
 
 (Same as in Table 2.) 
 
 (d) H. F., ON ALTERNATE FEET- 
 HOP. CLASS HALT. H. D. 
 
 (18) 
 
Object: Teaches control; also strong exercise for 
 
 muscles of the leg. 
 
 (e) MARCHING ON THE TOES. 
 Jumping and (a) UPWARD JUMPING. 
 
 Vaulting Ex. (b) With three paces forward off the left 
 
 (or right) foot JUMP. 
 
 (c) HIGH and LONG JUMP (taken free). 
 Object: Same as in Table 2. 
 
 C. FINAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Lear Ex. H. F. Heels raising and knees bending. 
 
 H. D. 
 
 Corr. Ex. ARMS RAISING SIDEWAYS and UP- 
 
 WARD. 
 
 Object: (Same as in Table 2.) 
 
 PART 2. 
 
 Same as in Table I. 
 
 TRAINED SOLDIERS' TABLE. 
 
 N. B. This Table is intended for "trained" sol- 
 
 diers who have recently done Physical 
 Training regularly. 
 
 TABLE 4, PART J 
 A. INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 
 
 Leg Ex. F. f. open & A. b. Heels RAISE. FULL 
 
 KNEE BEND. 
 
 A. STRETCHING SIDEW. KNEES 
 STRETCH. Heels LOWER. 
 F. open, arms downward. STRETCH. 
 
 Object: Very strong exercise for the legs; also 
 
 teaches control. 
 
 (Heels kept close together.) 
 Neck Ex. (a) HEAD BENDING BACKWARD. 
 
 OR (b) HEAD TURNING. 
 
 Object: Same as in previous exercises. 
 
 Arm Ex. A. B. Arms stretching f orwd., sidew. and 
 
 upwd. (varying sequence of direction). 
 
 Arms downward STRETCH. 
 Object: Strong exercise for the arms and shoulders. 
 
 (6 beats of time.) 
 
 Bombing Ex. ARMS SWINGING ' SIDEWAYS AND 
 UPWARD QUICKLY. 
 
 Object: Strengthens deltoid, tricep and latissimus 
 
 dorsi muscles. 
 
 Trunk Ex. F. sidew., and A. B. TRUNK TURN- 
 
 ING QUICKLY, with ARMS STRETCH- 
 ING UPWD. F. IN. Arms downwd. 
 STRETCH. 
 
 (19) 
 
Object: 
 Leg Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 
 2. 
 
 N. B. 
 
 Object: 
 Balance Ex. 
 
 OR 
 
 Object: 
 Lateral Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 OR 
 
 Object: 
 Bombing Ex. 
 
 Object: 
 
 Very strong exercises for trunk muscles. 
 
 H. F. F. placing sidew. with HEELS 
 RAISING. H. D. 
 
 Stretching effect throughout leg; also 
 teaches control. 
 
 (Done to 7 beats of time 7th beat being 
 a pause.) 
 
 B. GENERAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Dor. Ex. F. astr., A. sidew. STRETCH. 
 
 TR. BENDG. BACKWD. with HANDS 
 
 TURNING. 
 
 Compl. Ex. H. F. TR. BENDING FOR- 
 
 WD. & FULL DOWNWD. Feet together, 
 
 & H.-D. 
 
 These two exercises are done together as 
 
 in Table 3. 
 
 Same as in Table 3, but much stronger. 
 
 (a) H. F. LEG RAISING FORWD, 
 SIDEW. & BACKWD. H. D. 
 
 (b) H. F. Knee RAISE. LEG 
 STRETCHING FORWD. K. LOWER. 
 H. D. 
 
 Same as in Balancing Exercise in pre- 
 vious Table, but very much stronger in 
 effect. 
 
 (a) F. cl., i Arm upw., I A. down. 
 STRETCH* TR. BENDG. SIDEWAYS. 
 Arms CHANGE. TR. BENDING SIDE- 
 WAYS. F. OPEN A. Downwd. 
 STRETCH. 
 
 Very strong exercise for lateral muscles. 
 
 (b) On hands. DOWN. ON I hand 
 TURN. LEG RAISING. ON both hands 
 TURN. On feet UP. 
 
 Very strong exercise for lateral muscles; 
 the additional weight of the leg making 
 this exercise so much stronger. 
 F. outwd. and neck REST. Trunk ^ right 
 (left) TURN. TR. BENDG. SIDE- 
 WAYS. Tr. to the front TURN. FEET- 
 CHANGE. TRUNK y* left (right) 
 TURN. TRUNK BENDING SIDE- 
 WAYS. 
 
 Trunk to the front TURN. F. IN, 
 and H. D. 
 
 Very strong exercise for the muscles used 
 in bombing. 
 
 (20) 
 
Abdominal Ex. On the hands DOWN. A. bending & 
 "ad later" with LEG RAISING. (Same as 
 in Table 3.) 
 OR (B) (Ground permitting:) 
 
 Lying on the back DOWN. A. upwd. 
 RAISE. LEGS RAISING. 
 (Same as in Table 3.) 
 
 Object: Very strong exercise for the abdominal 
 
 and leg muscles. 
 
 Dorsal Ex. F. astr., A. upwd. STRETCH. Tr. 
 
 forwd. BEND. Arms swinging down- 
 ward and backwd. Tr. upwd. STRETCH. 
 Feet together, A. downwd. STRETCH. 
 
 Object: Very strong exercise for the dorsal muscles. 
 
 Marching Ex. (a) Forward MARCH. 
 
 (b) Double MARCH. 
 
 (c) H. F., with KNEE RAISING, for- 
 ward MARCH. 
 
 (d) Forward MARCH; with H. R, 
 on alternate feet HOP. 
 
 (e) MARCHING ON THE TOES. 
 Object: Same as in previous exercises. 
 
 Jumping and (a) UPWARD JUMPING, with arms 
 
 Vaulting Ex. swinging upward. 
 
 (b) FORWARD JUMPING. 
 
 (c) With 3 paces forwd. off the left (or 
 right) foot JUMP. 
 
 N. B. (a) Arms are swung to "Upward stretch" 
 
 position as body is in air, and lowered to 
 position of "Attention" as feet strike the 
 ground in upward jumping, 
 (b) Arms are swung forward in line with 
 shoulders as body is in air, lowering to 
 side as feet strike the ground in forward 
 jumping. 
 
 Object: To teach the correct method of landing; 
 
 also very good for jumping muscles of 
 the legs. 
 
 C FINAL EXERCISES. 
 
 Leg Ex. H F., Heels raising and knees BEND- 
 
 ING. H. D. 
 
 Corr. Ex. ARMS RAISING FORWD. & UPWD: 
 
 LOWERING SIDEW. and DOWNWD 
 Breathing exercise. COMMENCE. Class 
 HALT. H. D. 
 
 Object: To bring body back to its normal state. 
 
 PART 2. 
 
 Same as in Table I. 
 
 (21) 
 
THE BATTALION DAILY PRACTICE. 
 
 PHYSICAL AND BAYONET PRACTICE TO BE 
 DONE REGULARLY. 
 
 Physical and bayonet training should be practised regularly 
 during the whole of a soldier's service at home and to derive 
 full and lasting benefit every man should do one hour a 
 day, five days in the week. 
 
 WHOLE BATTALION EXERCISED IN ONE HOUR, 
 
 If properly organized, the whole battalion (except recruits) 
 can perform their physical and bayonet training daily prac- 
 tice in a single hour providing the officers and non-commis- 
 sioned officers have all been trained by a series of 6-day 
 regimental courses. 
 
 REGIMENTAL COURSES. 
 
 Selected assistant instructors are given classes of ap- 
 proximately four officers and twele non-commissioned offi- 
 cers who are struck off all other duties two hours a day for 
 six consecutive days, to be taught (a) to put the trained 
 soldiers through their P. T. Table, and (b) to instruct in 
 the bayonet training daily practice, one hour being devoted 
 to each. During the first half-hour the instructor will im- 
 part practical instruction, and for the remaining half-hour 
 class-taking will be practised, the members of the class first 
 working in pairs and later with increasingly larger squads. 
 
 COURSES TO BE CONTINUOUS, 
 
 The courses should always be continuous, so that com- 
 mencing on a Monday they will finish on a Saturday. 
 
 The hours selected must be other than the battalion 
 physical training and bayonet training hour, when all qualified 
 officers and non-commissioned officers are required to super- 
 vise and assist. 
 
 ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE BATTALION HOUR. 
 
 During the hour in which the whole battalion performs its 
 training, one half should commence with physical training 
 while the other half does bayonet training, and at the > end of 
 the first half-hour change about Similarly, to avoid con- 
 gestion at the final practice course, which should be extended 
 to accommodate as many as possible, some squads should 
 start with the final assault, and do their direction and 
 strengthening practices later. 
 
 (22) 
 
ADVANTAGES OF AN ORGANIZED SYSTEM, 
 
 The chief advantages of organizing the battalion physical 
 and bayonet training on the above lines are : 
 
 (1) The duration of the training of the whole battalion 
 being only one hour, it can be easily fitted in with other 
 trainings. 
 
 (2) Young officers and non-commissioned officers are 
 given opportunities for taking squads, rapidly learn to give 
 words of command and gain confidence in themselves. 
 
 (3) The squads under instruction being small, the in- 
 dividual can be studied and given proper attention. 
 
 (4) The training being organized for small squads, it 
 can be continued on wet days in barracks, etc., and as a 
 means to keeping fit and efficient whenever opportunities 
 offer overseas. 
 
 (23) 
 
GAMES. 
 
 FOR USE WITH PHYSICAL TRAINING TABLES AND 
 TRAINING IN BOMBING, 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS* 
 
 The essence of the following games is that they should be 
 conducted with the utmost amount of energy and the rigid 
 observance of all details connected with them. 
 
 Executed in this way, they inculcate discipline and de- 
 velop quickness of brain and movement, whereas, if care- 
 lessly carried out, they may do more harm than good. 
 
 A game may be introduced into the daily P. T. Table to 
 prevent monotony, either before or after the Marching and 
 Jumping Exercises or in place of them, according to the 
 time available. 
 
 Games should not be continued for too long, and must not 
 be carried out to the detriment of P. T. proper. Maximum 
 time devoted to games during a Recruits' Table should never 
 exceed 10 minutes. 
 
 I. JUMPING THE BAG. 
 
 Formation. The players stand in a circle at close in- 
 tervals and facing inward. 
 
 Apparatus, A light rope 5 to 8 yards long, to one end 
 of which is attached a small bag of canvas or leather filled 
 with sand weighing about I pound. 
 
 Method of Playing. The instructor stands in the centre 
 of the ring and swings the bag round, gradually pay- 
 ing out the rope until it becomes necessary for the players 
 to jump to avoid it. The direction in which the bag is swung 
 should be varied. The rate of swinging as well as height of 
 the bag from the ground should be gradually increased. The 
 object of the players is, of course, to avoid being caught by 
 the rope or bag and brought to the ground. 
 
 Common Faults. 
 
 Some of the players stand outside the ring, the bag thus 
 not passing under their feet. 
 
 II. SIMPLE RELAY RACE. 
 
 (a) Formation. Two parallel lines are marked out about 
 20 to 50 yards apart. 
 
 Each team is divided into two parts containing an equal 
 number of players. 
 
 (24) 
 
These are drawn up on the parallel lines, facing one another 
 and extended at intervals of about I yard. 
 
 Method of Playing* In the word "Go" the left hand 
 man of each team draws up on the one line, races to and 
 touches the outstretched hand of the man immediately op- 
 posite him. As soon as his hand has been touched, the latter 
 races similarly to the next man opposite, and so on, the 
 team whose last man first crosses the line being the winner. 
 
 (b) Progression. Instead of touching a partner, a stick 
 or other article may be carried and transferred, not thrown 
 from man to man. : 
 
 Common Faults. 
 
 (1) Not waiting to be touched by a partner, or not waiting 
 to receive the stick, etc., before starting. 
 
 (2) Standing in front of, instead of "toeing," the line. 
 
 III. THREE DEEP, 
 
 (a) Formation. Players pair. One pair will be told off 
 as "Chaser" and "Runner." Remaining pairs form a double 
 ring, one man standing behind the other, with at least 2 
 yards between pairs who face the centre of the ring. 
 
 Method of Playing. "Chaser" and "Runner" take up their 
 positions just outside the ring at opposite points of it. On 
 the word "Go," the "Chaser" pursues the "Runner" with the 
 object of "touching" him. If he succeeds, "Chaser" becomes 
 "Runner," and vice versa. "Runner" can take refuge by 
 placing himself, facing inward, in front of a pair, whereupon 
 the rear man of this pair, now three deep, immediately takes 
 up the role of "Runner." 
 
 (b) Progression. 
 
 Formation. As above, except that the men of each pair 
 face one another about one yard apart. 
 
 Method of Playing. As above, except that the "Runner" 
 takes refuge between a pair, when the one to whom he turns 
 his back becomes "Runner," and the late "Runner" steps 
 back into his place. 
 
 This form of the game requires continual alertness on the 
 part of both men in each pair. 
 Common Faults* 
 
 (1) The "Runner" dodges about too long before taking 
 refuge, thus making the game tedious for the others. 
 
 (2) In (a) the "Chaser" and "Runner" dodge between 
 the two men forming a pair. This is often due to the outer 
 man not standing close enought to the inner one. 
 
 (3) The ring is allowed to grow too small. This is bound 
 to occur unless each pair is careful to step back a short pace 
 to its proper relative position in the ring every time a "Run- 
 ner" halts in front of it. 
 
 (25) 
 
IIIL "UNDER PASSING" RELAY RACE. 
 
 Apparatus* Two or more objects about the size of a 
 croquet ball, i. e., ball made out of rags or paper, boxing 
 gloves, etc. 
 
 Formation. Players are formed into two or more ranks 
 (according to numbers of men and balls available), facing 
 the flank. 
 
 Method of Playing. All the players, excepting the last 
 one of each row, stand with their feet at least 3 foot-lengths 
 apart, bend forward from the hips and grasp the hips or belt 
 of the man in front. 
 
 The leading player of each row holds the ball; the rear 
 one bends down in a position of readiness to receive it 
 
 At the word "Go," the leading man throws the ball, or 
 other object, backwards to the rear man, between his own 
 legs and those of 'the other players of his row. The ball 
 should be thrown so as to skim the ground. Should it not 
 reach the rear man in one throw, the nearest player must 
 seize it and pass it on in the same way. As soon as the rear 
 man receives it, he must run to the front of his row and go 
 through the same procedure as No. i, and so on until the last 
 man gets it, i. e., the original leader. The latter races to the 
 front and places the ball on the ground in front of his feet; 
 the first rank to do this is declared the winner. 
 
 Should the ball go outside the players' legs, the player 
 at that spot must fetch it, return to his place and pass it on 
 as described. 
 
 Common Faults* 
 
 The ball is thrown to the side or too high, instead of 
 straight and skimming the ground. 
 
 V. "PLACING THE INDIAN CLUB" RELAY RACE. 
 
 (a) Apparatus. TTw'o or more Indian Clubs or some 
 similar objects. 
 
 Formation. As in "Under Passing" Relay Race. Op- 
 posite, and at about 15 and 20 yards respectively from the 
 front man of each row, two circles of about 8 inches di- 
 ameter are marked on the ground, one straight behind the 
 other. In the nearest of each of the circles an Indian Club 
 or other object is placed standing on end. 
 
 Method of Playing. At the word "Go," the first player of 
 each row races to the circle, seizes the club with the left 
 (right) hand, and with the same hand stands it up in the 
 second circle situated 5 yards off. He then races back and 
 touches the outstretched hand of the next man of his row. 
 The latter then races to the club and in the same way places 
 it back in the near circle, and so on alternately until each man 
 
 (26) 
 
of therow has had his turn. The last man, having deposited 
 the club in the circle races back to the line which the front 
 men were originally "toeing." The first row to finish are of 
 course the winners. Each man, after having touched the out- 
 stretched hand of the "next to run," places himself at the 
 rear of his row, which keeps moving forward so that the 
 "next to run" is always "toeing" the original line. 
 
 Should the club fall over, the player responsible must re- 
 place it in position before the game may be continued. 
 
 (b) Progression, Between the front man and the nearest 
 circle of each row (which distance should be increased, in 
 this case to almost double) a circle of about I to 2 yards 
 diameter is drawn. 
 
 Each player must, on his way to the club, run around this 
 circle from left to right, and on his way back from right to 
 left. Procedure otherwise as already described. 
 
 Common Faults* 
 
 (1) Using both hands or the wrong one to place the club. 
 
 (2) Players overstepping the line before being touched by 
 the returning man. 
 
 (3) Running round the circles in the wrong direction. 
 
 VI, "WHIP TO THE GAP." 
 
 Apparatus. A knotted handkerchief, towel or other suit- 
 able object which cannot inflict injury. 
 
 Formation. The players stand in a ring at close intervals, 
 lean forward, look on the ground in front of them, and hold 
 their hands behind their backs. 
 
 Method of Playing. The Instructor walks or runs round 
 the outside of the ring and as secretly as possible places the 
 handkerchief in the hands of one of the players. The latter 
 at once chases his right (left) hand neighbor, beating him 
 with the handkerchief as he runs around the ring to his place. 
 
 Both then take their places in the ring and the Instructor 
 proceeds again as .before. 
 
 The latter should endeavor to deceive the player as much 
 as possible as to whom the handkerchief has been given. 
 
 Common Faults. 
 
 Players looking around to see who receives the handker- 
 chief. 
 
 VII. CHANGING PLACES. 
 
 Formation. All the players but one stand in a circle of 
 about 7 yards or more diameter, facing inward. The odd 
 player stands in the middle. 
 
 Method of Playing, Each player is given a number, which 
 he retains all through the game. The Instructor call out two 
 
 (27) 
 
numbers (but not, of course, that of the player in the mid- 
 dle), and the players so numbered must change places in the 
 circle. While they are doing so the odd player must try to 
 get into one of the vacated places first, and if he is success- 
 ful the ousted player then becomes the odd man in the centre. 
 
 VIII, CIRCLE TOUCH BALL, 
 
 Apparatus, A football. 
 
 Formation, Players stand in a circle i to 2 paces apart, 
 facing inward, with one player inside the circle. 
 
 Method of Playing. The football is passed, by hand, from 
 one player to another, and the player inside the circle en- 
 deavors to intercept it. If successful, he changes places 
 with the last thrower. If the ball falls to the ground, the 
 player responsible either for the bad pass or missed catch 
 at the discretion of the Instructor changes places with the 
 player inside the circle. 
 
 Common Faults* 
 
 (1) The ball is held too long before passing (about 3 
 seconds may be put as a time limit for holding the ball). 
 
 (2) The ball is kicked, which is wrong, and spoils the 
 whole idea of the game. 
 
 IX, MAZE, 
 
 Formation, All the players, except two, stand in parallel 
 ranks one behind the other. The distance between each player 
 and each rank is that of "double arm's length." so that 
 whichever direction the ranks may face with arms extended 
 horizontally a line of players with finger tips touching will 
 be formed. The ranks should be drawn up so as to form a 
 square as nearly as possible. 
 
 Method of Playing. The chaser has to pursue the runner 
 up and down the lines until he catches him, neither being 
 permitted to pass under the outstretched arms. The In- 
 structor makes sudden changes in the lines by calling out 
 "Right turn" or "Left turn," on which all turn in the re- 
 quired direction, still keeping the arms outstretched. These 
 sudden changes alter the direction of the path down which 
 the two players may run. The interest depends greately upon 
 the judgment of the Instructor in giving commands "Right 
 (or Left) turn." They should be given frequently and 
 sharply, and often just at the moment when the chaser is 
 about to catch the runner. 
 
 The game continues until the runner is caught or a time 
 limit reached, when a new chaser and runner are selected. 
 
 Common Faults, 
 
 (1) Chaser or runner passing under outstretched arms. 
 
 (2) Not changing the chaser and runner sufficiently often. 
 
 (28) 
 
X, BOMB-BALL. 
 
 A game for bringing into play the muscles used in bomb- 
 ing, and for the development of quick and accurate throwinr 
 
 Ground. Any football ground or open space, marked out 
 as under ; the size of the rectangle may be varied to sui 
 the amount of ground available. 
 
 The goal should be marked out on the ground, no goal- 
 posts being necessary. 
 
 Teams* The players should be disposed as in Associa- 
 tion Football, but lesser number than eleven a side should take 
 part if the ground be small. 
 
 120' 
 
 __A 
 
 14' 
 
 Goal. 
 
 240' -I 
 
 10' 
 
 10' 
 
 Starting Line. 
 Center Line. 
 Starting Line. 
 
 o o o o 
 
 Forwards. 
 
 o o 
 
 Half-backs. 
 
 Backs. 
 
 Goal. 
 
Apparatus, Some object approximating to the weight, 
 size and shape of a grenade, care being taken that it is not 
 such as to be likely to injure the players. The following is 
 suggested : a small oval-shaped bag of canvas or thick calico, 
 filled with sand or small shot to the required weight and 
 securely sewn up. 
 
 Referee. A referee should control the game, as in football. 
 
 Method of Playing. The ball is passed from player to 
 player /by hand, the object to larid it in the goal. It may be 
 passed backward or forward as in Association Football, and 
 the "off-side" rule will apply in the same way. The passes 
 are taken on the run, and the ball must not be held but passed 
 on immediately. If dropped, the ball must be picked up and 
 similarly passed on at once. 
 
 The ball may be caught with both hands, but must only be 
 thrown by one. Only two methods of throwing are allowed : 
 (i) For long distances, a full overhand throw, as shown in 
 the diagrams in "Training and Employment of Bombers," 
 March, 1916; (2) For short distances, a "put," made in the 
 same manner as "putting the shot." 
 
 In order to exercise equally both sides of the body and to 
 develop- skill and accuracy with both hands the throwing- 
 hand may ,be changed every 10 minutes or so, at the dis- 
 cretion of the Referee. 
 
 To start the game, Captains toss, and the winner has the 
 first throw and the right to select the goal he wishes to de- 
 fend. The teams are then drawn up, the forwards along 
 their respective starting-lines. The referee blows his whistle 
 and the game commences by the centre-forward taking the 
 first throw or "put." 
 
 In the course of the game, if the ball lands in the goal, 
 or is caught in the goal and subsequently dropped within it 
 by any player, a goal is scored. 
 
 If the ball is caught in the goal before touching the ground 
 and thrown out at once no goal is scored. 
 
 If the ball goes "behind" or into "touch," it is thrown in 
 similarly as in Association Football, but with one hand, 
 and this applies to a "corner." 
 
 After a goal has been scored, the game is started again as 
 at the commencement. 
 
 Changing. No changing or rough play is admissible. Pas- 
 ses may be intercepted, or throws frustrated, with the open 
 hand. 
 
 Fowls. Fouls may be given for (i) Running with the 
 ball, instead of passirig it at once as soon as caught or 
 picked up; (2) Throwing the ball in any way but the two 
 methods allowed; (3) Catching hold of a player; (4) Any 
 form of rough play; (5) Being "off-side"; (6) Using the 
 wrong hand for throwing. 
 
 (30) 
 
Penalties, A penalty for a foul will take the form of a 
 free throw against the offending side from the place where 
 foul occurred. In the case of rough p-lay, a goal may be al- 
 lowed against the offending team for each similar offence 
 after the first caution. 
 
 Duration of Game, From 20 to 30 minutes each way, ac- 
 cording to the condition of the men. 
 
 XL COCK FIGHTING, 
 
 Divide class into two ranks, about 10 paces interval, face- 
 ing inward. On the word "Go," men' from opposite ends will 
 hop forward on one foot to the centre of square, arms 
 folded across breasts, and endeavor to knock the opponent 
 off his balance. When opponent touches other foot to ground 
 it will count one point for opposing side. 
 
 NOTE: If a man starts hopping on one foot, he must con- 
 tinue to hop on that foot until he wins, or is knocked off 
 his balance. 
 
 XII, BULL IN THE RING, 
 
 Form the class in a circle; one man in the centre. Class 
 joins hands strong grips. Man (Bull) in center tries to 
 break through joined hands. If bull breaks through, In- 
 structor will designate which man was responsible for allow- 
 ing this to happen, and he will take up position of (Bull) in 
 the center of the ring. 
 
 XIII, GRAB, 
 
 Class formed in two ranks about 10 paces apart. Ranks 
 facing inward. 
 
 Instructor stands in center, with small stick or handker- 
 chief, cap, or any suitable object and calls on men from op- 
 posite ranks and opposite ends to carry stick or object back 
 to their line without being touched by opponent from op- 
 posite line; men to stay in ranks until instructor drops object 
 on ground and says "Go." If successful in getting back with 
 object to his own rank, it will count one point to the side. 
 
 INTRODUCED BY CAPTAIN BIDDLE, U, S, M. C, 
 
 XIV, MRS, MURPHY'S DEAD, 
 
 Class will be in open formation. Instructor stands in 
 front of class and says: "Mrs. Murphy's Dead." Class will 
 ask: "How did she die?" Instructor will assume any position 
 and class will immediately copy instructor. Those not copy- 
 
 (31) 
 
ing same position as Instructor will have to double round the 
 class and back to their places again. When all are in cor- 
 rect position, Inspector will repeat the above. To end 
 game, Instructor will say "Mrs. Murphy's Dead." Class will 
 ask "How did she die?" Instructor will say, "A long linger- 
 ing death." 
 
 XV, O'GRADY SAYS. 
 
 Class in open formation ; Instructor in front of class. When 
 O'Grady says do any exercise, the class will immediately 
 act on it. Any exercise given by Instructor without the use 
 of O'Grady's name will not be acted upon by class. Those 
 making mistakes will have to double around class and back 
 to their places. To finish game, Instructor says "O'Grady's 
 dead." 
 
 XVI. EAR SLAPPING. 
 
 Class in two ranks, facing inward, I pace apart. Front 
 rank holds hands about 10 inches apart, in line with waist. 
 Rear rank will try to bob heads down and up through 
 outstretched hand without being slapped. It is the object of 
 the front rank to slap the ears of the rear rank while the 
 head is passing through the hands. Ranks change positions 
 after a few minutes' play. 
 
 (32) 
 

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