Textbook of l\ MPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS, AND SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO MAIL OR SLLF INSTRUCTION. BY CHARLES CURRIER BEALE. six III EDITK VISED AND ENLARGED, COPYRIGHTED 1890. BOSTON, MASS.: BEALE PUBLISHING CO., 180 WASHINGTON ST. 1890. THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA. The following mistakes have been no- ticed while the work was going through the press : IN READING EXERCISES: Lesson III. Line 9, word 6; read meein- stead of knee. Line 10, word 5; read work instead oiwhirk. Lesson IV. Line 2, last word, unload, for umload. Line 3, word 2, them for then. Lesson V. Last line, word 9, them for then, Lesson VI. Last line, word 2, random for rantom. Lesson VII. Part i. Line 5, word 3, de- sijns for desims. Part 2. Line 2, words 7 und 8, sent and send for semt and semd. Lesson VIII. Line I, word 12, instruct for imstruet. Lesson IX. Last line, word 7, slim for .Jin. Lesson X. Last line, last word, problem for ploblem . LSsson XL Line 3, word 3, s for tj. Lesson XII. Line 2, word 4, n for in. Lesson XIV. Part 2. Line i, word 7,;; for m. Lesson XV. Line I, word 3, b for/. IN LETTER PRESS: Lesson X. Line 2, word 6. read peep for keep. Page 48. Advice for advise. P a S e 53- Business Phrases. Line 7, Ev- ery other for Every thing. 8^ Notification as to any further mistakes will he thankfully received. The advance de- mand for this book has been so large as to warrant the immediate preparation of another edition, in which these errors will be corrected Textbook of SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS OR TEACHERS AND SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO MAIL OR SELF INSTRUCTION BY CHARLES CURRIER 3EALE SIXTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED, COPYRIGHTED 1890 BOSTON, MASS.: BEALE PUBLISHING CO., 180 WASHINGTON ST. MDCCCXC INTRODUCTORY. The development of the system of shorthand which we have endeavored to explain in the following pages, is the outcome of the experience in teaching of the author, who found the systems previ- ously in use, defective in many points, so far as clearness, simplicity, and rapidity of acquisition are concerned. He has, therefore, in the method here presented, avoided in every case the ambiguity and ne- cessity for exceptions, which all the previous systems have shown to a lamentable degree, and leaving the beaten track, followed by all the successors of the pioneer Isaac Pitman, he has pursued a rational, straight- forward course, using but few principles, with no exceptions, giving the rules in the natural order of sequence, and wherever the old systems were vague or defective, he has harmonized the princi- ples or introduced new principles, utilizing the phonographic materi- al in such a way as to combine simplicity, uniformity, facility and beauty of writing, absence of exceptions, and absolute legibility, with a degree of real brevity unequalled and unapproached by any former system. 3: t /? < SOUND A E T o "u 01 ou Asm BATE BEET BITE BOAT BOOT BOY BOUT NAME A E 1 U 01 OW SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY o SOUNDS. Pee or Ep as in />ay or na/> ; Bee or Eb as in ay or cab ; 7i,v or Et as in /ea or ne/; Zk or ^/ as in do or la^/; 7/^ or Ech (Etch) as in chew or ear/* ; y^ or Ej (Edge) as in joy or a^-e ; Kce or Ek as in ey or lac/ ; GV^ or ^ (Egg) as in^-o or bog-; Ree or > as in rye or oar. rt as in pay, m<7te, mve ; c as in m^, tea, sltrp ; / as i.n s/gh, rny, f/e ; as in 0h, snow, g0; u as in t//ne, tu'zt/, rde, bwt; t?/ as in bo/1, t < I A V> \ / V I < A >V< I .\. . L /v LS* - \ ././ /-I 7 / 4. Every word is written in shorthand in accordance with its sounds; thus, keep = k-e-p ; pay = p-a ; bean = b-o. The hard or guttural sound of g as in^X), zgg, is represented by gee, and the soft sound, as in ^-ern or a^e by jee. All silent letters arc dropped. Where double letters occur only one is written, unless both are strong- ly pronounced. Where the ordinary spelling is faulty, shorthand is exact; thus, plionograpliy = f-o-n-o-g-r-a-f-i. 5. The first upward or downward stroke of a word rests on the line if downward, or begins on the line if upward; preceding or fol- lowing strokes need not necessarily touch the line, as will be seen by the exercises. All the consonants sounded in a word are written to- gether without lifting pen or pencil, and the vowels or difthongs placed in their proper places afterward. Place the vowel always be- side the stem which occurs with it in a syllable; if the vowel comes between two consonants in the same syllable, it is better to place it before the second. When two vowels occur following or preceding a single consonant, the first vowel is placed near the beginning of the stroke and the second near the end of the stroke. This can only oc- cur when the two vowels begin or end a word, as in other cases there would be a consonant before and after, beside which to write the vowels. READING EXERCISES. (J3 ?D The following and all succeeding exercises must be written and read at least ten times (a hundred would not be too many), and the pupil must be sure that he is perfectly familiar with the reading exercise before taking up the writing exercise. READING EXERCISE I. _^ x Y_vX A/ \V / ^ ^^ A U ^. j A 1 \ L rii(),\'()<;i;,irH\' ii SHORT VOWELS. SIGN i A V SOUND w A v_> E \~> i w o v-/ U As IN BAT BET BIT BQT BUT NAME \j AH x_/ EH VJ 1 H OhN\W w UH NOTE 3. Make the vowels very light for the short sounds, in ordi.-r to distinguish them readily from the long or heavy vowels. Do not confound the spelling with the sound; thus in the word bonglit the on has the sound of short o, and a in all has the same sound. The sounds of the short vowels are as follows: ah as in b<7t, l^tch, <7rm, ptflm ; ch as in brt, 1ft. frtch, wivck ; /// as in b/t, dim, f/sh ; oil or a iv as in c I'lio.voci;. II>H) READING EXERCISK III. WRITING EXERCISE III. Affair alter ample answer arbor attorney aware barrel before boiler call car careful carriage college correct cylinder dealer de- sire detail empire enter especial ever fair far feel file fire foreign full further guarantee hall (or haul) hear (or here) Hollis however inform interval jar journal knowledge local majority mill monitor nature neither November offer over pair Paul per pile poorer pure quality refer remarkable repair re ship recollect remember seal sell shellac sir superior survey tell there till unable until value veal vol- XIMI'LIFIEI) PH().\-()<;i!,LPHY lo ume waybill well where while will work whole year. Will you go there? Their knowledge will guarantee their ability. SPEED SENTENCE. Neither Paul nur Bill Hollis offer poor quality shellac for supe- rior value. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. Too much stress cannot be laid upon making the double length stems long enough, and the half length stems short enough. The sounds of/ and r are among the most frequently occurring sounds in the language, and their legibility depends upon the accuracy of their representation. Remember that if the double length stem is made longer than double length it is read as easily or even more easily, but if made a little shorter, as is the tendency with the average pupil, it can hardly be distinguished from the single lengths. It is better to make the stem triple length than to make it too short to read. This remark applies with equal force to the half lengths, which may be made even shorter than half length without disadvantage, but must not be made longer than half length under any consideration. Note that when we say double and half lengths, we refer to a relative distinction, and whatever your standard for the single length may be, your dou- ble lengths must be at least twice as long, and your half lengths not over one-half 'as long; consequently your double lengths must be at least four times as long as your half lengths. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY Lesson Four. INITIAL HOOKS FOR R AND L. 1. When r commences a syllable and is followed by -another consonant in the same syllable, as in ripe, rock, rough, race, it (r) is expressed by a small hook written at the beginning, on the left side of downward straight stems, under side of kee and gee, and concave side (inside) of curved stems. 2. When / commences a. syllable, and is followed by another consonant in the same syllable, as in /eak, /ook, /augh, /oan, it (/) is expressed by a large hook, written on the same side as the r hook. NOTE i. These hooks are not made on ree and Uc, since Les- son III provides for such expression. NOTE 2. These hooks are named R and L to distinguish them from the stems, which are called Ree and Lee. NOTE 3. Never use the hooks except when the / or r is in the same syllable as the following consonant. In words like liable, reaffirm, etc., the stems must be used. The hooks never occur before Hee, Ouee, Wee, Whee, and Yee. READING EXERCISE IV. ,S7, 1//'/, /AY KD rH(),\'()(ll!,lPHY 17 WRITING EXERCISE IV. Direct hemlock latter leave let liberty line live long look lot overload railroad rather read rectifv ride risk road room ui russet unless write. SPEED SENTENCES. Long let Liberty live. Run no risk unless right. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. Again we must impress upon the pupil that all distinctions in shorthand are relative or comparative, and such distinctions must be preserved to insure that legibility which is always the reward of the careful writer. Do not fail to make the r hook very small, and the / hook rather large. The engraved exercises furnish the proper illus- tration of this distinction. The pupil should invariably, while reading the reading exercises, trace the shorthand characters with a dry pen or stylus. This will aid greatly in impressing the proper method of making the outlines. Lesson Five. REPRESENTATION OF FINAL N, F, AND V. 1. The sound of n, at the end of a syllable, as in bone, thiw, gai//, is expressed by a small hook, written at the end of the preced- ing stem, on the right side of straight downward stems, upper side of kcc, gcc, and rcc, and concave or in-side of curved stems. 2. The sounds of /"and v are indicated, when occurring at the end of a syllable, as in pave, move, bee/, etc., by a large hook in sim- ilar positions. 18 SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY NOTE. The pupil will of course understand that these rules do not apply when n,f, or v are the only consonants in the syllable. 3. Making the for v hook into a large loop, or the // hook into a small loop, adds the sound of/ or d to the sound indicated by the hook. Exs. Paved, mend, fund. REMARK. These hooks are called simply En and Ef or Ev to distinguish them from the stems Nee, Fee, and Vee. READING EXERCISE V. X.W j^rjriA WRITING EXERCISE V. Account (a-kount) afternoon agency (a-jen-si) bank been begun beyond bond cabinet canal carbon certain channel count cover demand elegant examine expend find forenoon fountain (fount- ain) gained Gwinn hand John Kangaroo (kan-ga-roo) lenient (leen- yent) machine (ma-sheen) main manner (man-er) mechanical mend mind Monday never noon novelty open Oregon observe penman Pennsylvania shown than then upon workmanship Zanzibar pound. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY 19 SPEED SKNTENCE. How do you account for the poor alignment now shown by your machine? REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. The same remarks which apply to the hooks at the beginning, apply with equal force to the hooks at the end. Make the n hook very simll; the /or v hook rather large. Observe the size of the hooks in the engraving. Another point worthy of notice is that many pupils commence to make the hook too soon on straight stems, which make them look like curves. Do not think about the hook un- til you have finished your stem ; then make the hook by simply bring- ing the end around. Lesson Six. REPRESENTATION OF T AND D. A small circle stands for the sound of/ at the beginning or end of a syllable. A large circle stands for the sound of ^/ at the beginning or end of a syllable. These circles are always written on the right side of downward straight stems, upper side of kee, gee, ree, and concave side of curved stems. They are always read first when they occur at the be- ginning, and last when they occur at the end. IMPORTANT NOTE. These rules of course do not apply when / or d is the only con- sonant in the syllable ; or when the / or d is followed by / or r in the same syllable, or preceded by the / or r hooks in the same syllable; or when the / or d follow an ;/, or /"or v hook in the same syllable. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHS READING EXERCISE VI. ^^^ 6 ^f v^gife ^^^^Tb-^ WRITING EXERCISE VI. Admit ahead Arlington art attached authentic automatic await Barton Beaverdam benefit between bit bottom Buckeyetoun Bull- town called carpet carter cord cut danger definite Denmark differ- ent divide doubt dust easiest eastern effort end entered establish estimate export feed fault finest foot forget forward furnished get gold Gordon guaranteed hard Harvard heard helped hold handle indefinite induced inland intend invite Jerrold jet kyanized knocked labelled east left lightest London lowered mailed Maiden market matter memorandum Middleboro nailed neighborhood next note noticed notify old packed pardonable particular permanent port SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH published Putnam quote rapid referred relative render required rest sheet short shorthand sold wait walnut warrant water weighed weight wet white Whitmore wired wood yard yet. SPEED SENTENCE. They guaranteed the matter required a memorandum if not war- ranted well packed. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. 1. The most necessary caution in regard to this lesson is to make the circles amply different in size. Make the /circle very small, and the d circle quite large. 2. Avoid beginning to make the circle before the stem is com- pleted ; this is a frequent erro'r, and results in making a straight stem look like a curve. Make the stem as though nothing followed it, fin- ishing the stem (but not lifting the pencil), and then making the cir- cle neatly. Lesson Seven. REPRESENTATION OF S, ST, AND SES. The sound of s or z at the beginning or end of a syllable, is ex- pressed by a small semicircle, which must be joined at an angle to both preceding and following strokes. The sound of st at the beginning or end of a syllable is indicated by a circle inside the semicircle (see exercises). NOTE. As with all previous rules, when the above sounds (s or z, st) are the only consonants in a syllable, or when followed by final / or ;- in same syllable, the stem see must be used. The sound of s is added to a circle or loop by bringing it through the stem, as in the fifth word of second line of engraving. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY The sound of ses or zcs at the end of a word is expressed by a large semicircle joined at an angle to preceding stems. The sound of s is added to any final hook or prefixed to any in- itial hook, by bringing the semicircle around inside, or joining it at an angle. T is added to the s if brought inside by making it a com- plete circle; otherwise as usual. READING EXERCISE VII. PART ONE. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH Y WRITING EXERCISE VII. PART ONE. Advices advised against allowance analysis announcement a- pologize appearance arisen articles asked audience authorized Bag- ster banks Bannerstown barrels based baskets because best boards bones Boston boxes business calls capacity carpets case casks caused ceases chance cheapest Chestertown choice chooses cities collections Colson correspond costs courses deceive December domestic demands efforts endorsed erased essentials evidence ex- cuse expensive experienced exercised fast figures fingers forbear- ance fourths goods heel holders homes hours houses hubs impos- sible inexpensive insist instant insurance investigate jobbers just READING EXERCISE VII. PART Two. 24 HTMPLTFIKD PHONOGRAPHY WRITING EXKRCISE VII. PART Two. Keeps Kansas knots lawyer's lengths lives lightness lobsters logs losers magazine margins means mens message messengers nines mislaid mistake Moses mowers office otherwise "overs" pages paints parties pens perhaps perusal pillows points possible post publish- ers purchased pays rates readers reason recent tegards remittance reporters request residence ribbons Rochester rooms runs sales same Samuels save schedule school scythe season seat several sheets shippers shows sight simile singer singularity sitting sizes smaller Smyrna sons South speak specialty specimen spite spokes staging stand stands stencilled still stock stone store students sub- ject such suit superintendent suspended Swanzey symphony seems send September service settle teachers tedders these those thous- and towns understand universal unsafe utmost vamps vicinity wrap- pers western weights Watson yards yes. SPEED SENTENCES. Some persons seem sad others smile ; some seek riches others stay poor; some save others spend. Our horse paces fast. Steamboats go faster than sailboats or other vessels. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. 1. Make the 5 semi-circle very small, and the scs semi-circle quite large. 2. Be sure to have an angle before and after the semi-circles. 3.' Make the semi-circles very circular, so that they will not re- semble half length strokes. PHONOGRAPHY Lesson Eight. REPRESENTATION OF TR AND STR. The sound of /r at the beginning cf a syllable, where followed by another stroke, is indicated by drawing a tick through the begin- ning of the stem (see reading exercise.), and the sound of str in the same position, by drawing a semicircle through. When a syllable commencing with str is preceded by another stem, the sound of str may be indicated by drawing the preceding stem through the stem following the str (see instruct following). READING EXERCISE VIII. WRITING EXERCISE VIII. Street strike strong tract transfer trunk truths straightway stranger strap stroke strong struggle traffic trap tread tribute in- structive destructive. SPEED SENTENCE. Select straight, strong, well trimmed strips each trip. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. 1. Be sure not to use above principles when str or tr are the only consonants in the syllable, as in the words "stray," "tree," "trial," etc., or when the words are derived from such words; as, "strayed," "treed." 2. Make these signs before the stem which they intersect; not after. 3. Do not make them at the end of syllables. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH Y Lesson Nine. REPRESENTATION OF LIQUID R AND L. RULE I. The sound of r immediately following any consonant sound in the same syllable (with no vowel sound between) is ex- pressed by writing a small hook at the beginning on the right side of downward straight strokes, and the upper side of kec and gcc, and on the concave side of curved stems. The hooks on curved stems should be made twice the length of the hook for initial r. RULE 2. The sound of/ in a similar position is expressed by a large hook in similar positions, being sure the hook on curved stems is twice the length of the initial hook (the hook expressing /or r pre- ceding the stem). READING EXERCISE iX. C ^ ^- M < SLMI'LIFIKI* PHONOGRAPHY WRITING EXERCISE IX. i Addressed agreeable agreement appreciate April black blade blood brakeman brands bring brothers broom claimed clapboards class classes clearing Clinton closed club credit criticisms cups cus- tomer decline draft draw drinkers drove duplex embraces English explain explicit flavor free freight fresh frozen glad glass grade grand grapes great greatest Greenfield impressed influence infreight pamph- lets phonography phrase placed plainer plank platform pleased plen- ty plush practical Pratt prejudiced press presume previous principle printers regret replevin simplified slip slow spruce subscribers sup- plied telegram through trial Troy. SPEED SENTENCES. Brave, true men prove ever true. Please place my glass in my black plush box. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. 1. Be careful to make the initial always on the proper side of straight stems. 2. Be careful to make the r hook small and / hook large. \. Be sure to make these hooks long on curved stems. Lesson Ten. THE REPEATER. \Vhen Pee, Bee, Tee, Dee, Chee, Jee, Kee or Gee commence and end a syllable, as in keep, babe, tight, deed, etc., the repeated sound is expressed by a large hook at the end of the stroke, made on the left side of downward stems and under side of Kee and Gee. This hook is called the Repeater. The sound of/ or d is add;d to the re- peater by making a circle inside the hook, and s is added in same way as to all other hooks. This hook can be made on a half-length or double-length, as is in "bulb" or "barb." ! 28 SIMPLIFIED PRO, \ '()(! /f. IPH 1 The Repeater may be made into a circle to express the added sound of r as in "tighter," or into a large loop to add / as in pupil.* These circles or loops may be brought through to add s the same as any other circles or loops. NOTE. When the repeated sound is in another syllable, such as "propose," "prepay," the two syllables may be disjoined, but written as closely as possible, as in last line. In such words as "proprietor," this is not necessary, as will be seen. * In words like propriety, appropriation, etc., this rule does not apply, because the repetition does not occur in the same syllable. READING EXERCISE X. r- -UJ * "^^ ^J^!s^*_ N \V^ WRITING EXERCISE X. Clerk did hesitate judge newspapers paper people proper pu- pils tight title popcorn. SPEED SENTENCES. We cook cakes over coke fires. Our tutor like other people eats crackers. Pupils, why do you giggle, in church. REMARKS TO THE LEARNER. 1. The Repeater must never be made on the right side of down- ward stems, or upper side of Kee or Gee. 2. The Repeater is never made on curved stems. 3. When adding ;- or /, be sure to make ample distinction. SIMPLIFIED I'UO.YOCn.-lPHY 2i) Lesson Eleven. THE FINAL SYLLABLES -ING, -SHUN, AND -LY. RULE i . The final syllable -ing is indicated by a light tick which must be joined to the final consonant (whether stem, circle, hook, etc.) of the preceding syllable, at an angle. RULE 2. The final syllable -s/inn (-tion, -cion, -sion,etc.) is in- dicated, when the preceding syllable ends with a consonant sound, by striking a straight tick through the preceding stem, tfc^* Note, how- ever, that when the preceding syllable is a vowel without accompany- ing consonant as in devi-rt-tion, the syllable shun is represented by the stem Shee with the n hook ; if, however, the syllable has a consonant, as in pa-shun (passion) the tick is used. NOTE. The syllable -s/inns, as in pa-shions, is indicated by striking a little semi-circle through the stem instead of the straight tick ; and -shnnd, as in fa-shioned, by adding a circle to the tick. RULE 3. The final s> liable -ly, as in brave-ly, kind-ly ; or when the preceding syllable ends in / or r, the final syllable -y, as in full-y, injur-y, is indicated by the vowel ih or eh, (short i or short e) placed after the end of the last stem. NOTE. This sign must not be placed beside a stem, as it would then become a simple vowel. REMARK. This principle is occasionally used for -y after other consonants as for instance honest-y. RULE 4. -Shunal (-tional) as in Na-tional, op-tional, etc., is in- dicated by drawing a small elipse through the end of the preceding stroke. (See Reading Exercise.) 30 SIMPL TFIED PHONOGRAPH REMARK. When the syllables -ing or -ly follow -shun as in mo-tioning, condi-tionally, etc., they are represented in accordance with above rule; /. e. both principles are used. When the syllable -ate follows -shun, it is indicated by joining the Tee stem to the stem through which the -shun is made. These principles are not of fre- quent occurrence, but, as will be seen are simple and easily fixed in the mind. READING EXERCISE XI. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY WRITING EXERCISE XI. Honesty buying billing assuring acting addition assertion be- ginning caution covering awaiting thgroughly entirely naturally unusually easily peculiarly likely restriction chiefly delivery adjust- ing causing corresponding mostly sadly specially simply truly clubbing subscription greatly properly leading loading looking damaging detention dimension direction division doing during edi- tors estimating execution expecting expression filing finding foun- dation furnishing going graduation grumbling hearing holding hur- rying importing including inquiring collection delivering correction instructions interesting introduction issuing keeping knowing men- tion mouldings national overloading organizing paying placing por- tion printing proportion protecting publications putting running re- quiring requesting remitting relation referring reckoning surround- ings stocking succession soliciting seeing selling teaching thanking trusting unwilling workings weighing cheerfully wishing neatly wide- ly shortly highly only. REMARKS TO I HE LEARNER. There is but Fttle to say in regard to the preceding lesson, ex- cept to warn the pupil to cultivate exactness in writing the principles. Do not make the tick for -ing too long, or it may conflict with half-length strokes. There is no such warning necessary in relation to the -s/inn and -ly, but for the sake of neatness, it is better to make them quite small. Lesson Twelve. REPRESENTATION OE ACCOM- COM- CON- ETC. RULE i. The initial syllables accom-, com-, and con- are repre- sented by a Kee stem, usually joined to the following stem. S I. }[PL TFIEl) PHO. \ '()t;./f. //'//) NOTE. As it is sometimes difficult to join Kee to the following stroke, in such cases it is not joined, but written immediately at the beginning. RULE 2. As con- and com- are frequently preceded by other syllables, for example, trans-con, in-com, rc-com, dis-com, etc., it is necessary to provide for such words, aird therefore the following ex- pedient has been decided upon, as being the easiest to remember, and put into practice, instead of having a separate sign for each, as in other systems: Simply write the first consonant of the prefix (using the stem) hot joined to the following stroke, but the following stroke commencing just under it; thus, the Dee stem will stand for dccom- or discom- ; the Nee for incom-, noncon- or nucoin- ; Tee for transcon-, Ree for re com-. NOTE. As combinations like "unrecom-" and "irrecon-" some- times occur, it is essential in such cases to write the first tivo stems, so they may not conflict with other signs of similar or opposite mean- ing. READING EXERCISE XII. MM PL 1 AY Kh I>IK). \ '()(! RAPHY 33 WRITING EXERCISE XII. Accommodation accompany accomplished accomplice compa- nies comparative compared compromise composition complaint competitors composed Comstock comprising complaining commen- dation competition continuous contracted contained continued con- tinental contracts continue contents containing Condon conditions concessions concerts consul consignee consequent consumer con- stantly consigned consecutively consignor consult constant consid- erable convenience confident connection recommending incompe- tently discomposing Lesson Thirteen. PREFIXES AND AFFIXES. There are certain more or less frequently occurring syllables at the beginning and end of words, called prefixes and affixes, which are represented by brief signs. These syllables, with their signs, are as follows : i. PREFIXES. Prefix. Sign. Example. Circum- an s semicircle circum-ference Dis- a d circle dis-pose Magna- ^ < ' magna-nimous Magni- > Mcc stem, with n hook < 1 magni-ficent Magne- ) magne-sia Self- an s semicircle self-possessed Trans- a / circle trans-fer SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH Y 2. AFFIXES. Affix. Sign. Example. a / circle an s semicircle -ment, -mental -self -some -less -ness -ments, -mentally, -mentality an ellipse -selves, -lessness, -someness a ses semicircle orna-ment, orna-mental my-self hand-some care-less kind-ness instru-ments, -tal, -tality ( our-selves J care-lessness ( hand-someness NOTE. The signs for the prefixes must always be made at the beginning, but not at the side of following stems ; the affixes at the end, but not at the side. For the proper position, see Reading Ex- ercise following : READING EXERCISE XIII. WRITING EXERCISE XIII. Describe discounts discriminate doubtless noiseless unless com- pliment arrangement improvements implements themselves pay- ment circumstance instalments shipment disperse distribute indis- putable acknowledgment. N IMPL IFIXJ^J^HOJVOGRAPHY 35 Lesson Fourteen. THE SYLLABLES IN- AND -ED. KfLE I. The syllable ///- at the beginning of words is indicat- ed by a short, straight tick, made in any convenient direction, but al- ways at an angle with the following stem. READING EXERCISE XIV. PART OXK. WRITING EXERCISE XIV. PART ONE. Inaccurate inadequate inapplicable inattention inaugural inces- sant inception incline incurable indicate index indifferent indorse inexhaustible infant infreight infuse inject injure injury intelligent invisible. RULE 2. The syllable -cd at the end of a word is indicated by a dot placed after the end of the last stroke. READING EXERCISE XIV. PART Two 36 SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH Y WRITING EXERCISE XIV. PART Two. Traded collected fitted inserted rated reported decided includ- ed blended stated adjusted (a-just-ed) celebrated attended (a-tend- ed) expected intended quoted repeated knotted added mended de- fended concluded fated crowded warranted printed. Lesson Fifteen. THE OMISSION OF CERTAIN WORDS. Certain frequently occurring words are omitted in writing, and the omission is indicated by writing the word immediately following in a different position. These words are as follows : A, AN, or AND, is indicated by writing the next word below the line. ["A," "an," illustrated in Line 2 ; "and" in Line 4.] THE, indicated by writing the next word above the line. OF, indicated by writing the next word very close to the word preceding "of." To, indicated by writing the next word under the word preced- ing "to." REM. i. In all cases the first downward or slanting stem, if there is one in the word, is written in the stated position, or if the strokes are all in a horizontal direction, the whole word is written in the stated position. A careful inspection of the Reading Exercise will show how they are written. REM. 2. Where two of the words given above occur in combi- nation with each other, as "of the," "of a," "to the," etc., they are represented by special phrase-signs, and a full list of all such possible combinations will be found under the list of Phrase-si'ms. SIMPLIF1K1) /Y/a\ 37 REM. 3. It is sometimes impossible or inadvisable to use the above principles, and in such cases the signs for the words (which are given in the list of Word-signs) should be used. READING EXERCISE XV. k WRITING EXERCISE XV. The market, the amount, the cheapest, the claim, the hands, the order, the future, the goods, the same, the prices, the accommodation, the catalogue, the terms, the salesman, an immediate, a letter, a check, an article, a voucher, a pair, a little, a chance, a car, a very, a telegram , a schedule, a hurry, and think, and we, and it, and oblige, and wish, and see, and has, and your, and do, and did, and carbon, stock of goods, most of them, price of number, the hands of attorney, amount of bill, majority of customers, can of coffee, cause of it, bill of insurance, account of our, merits of these, receipt of which, the part of consignee, bill of lading, samples of each, analysis of them, lot of calendars, more of each, copy of lease, stock of repairs. 452170 SIMPLIFIED PHO.VOGB.1PHY Lesson Sixteen. MISCELLAXEOl Under this head we nave grouped a few general principles ne- cessary to make the system complete in all its details. They are all of equal importance, however, with preceding lessons, and should be studied with the same care and attention. RULE I . When the sound of j commences a word the stem should be used ; but it is necessary to observe that in words like "use," "useful,'' "unite," "Europe," "eulogy," etc., the sound of j is present, while in words Hke "us," "until," etc., it is not. Following is a list of the most important words commencing with the consonant sound of j: WRITING EXERCISE XVI. PART ONE. Eucharist euchre eulogy eunuch euphemistic euphonious Eu- rope ubiquity ukase unicorn uniform union unique unison unit Uni- n itarian unite unity universe usage use usurp usury utensil utility Utopian yacht yard yarn year yeast yell yellow yelp yes yet yield yoke young youth. RULE 2. When a stem with a final hook is followed by a con- sonant which will not readily join, or a stem with an initial hook is preceded by a stem that will not readily join, an offset may be made instead of the complete hook, as in the first line of the following ex- ercise, or in any case such as just mentioned, or where for any cause it is impossible to join the stems of a word neatly and quickly, they may be disjoined, in which case the part of the word which is dis- joined is written under the rest of the word, as in the third line. .s7. UPLIFTED PHONOGRAPHY 89 READING EXERCISE XVI NOTE. Observe that the offset is large for an / or f hook and small for an r or ;/ hook. WRITING EXERCISE XVI. PART Two. Replace employed reclaim improve retrieve bunch blanch Ruler prepare cucoo Dodo papa propel propose Portland potato quality roller details preparatory prepared prepaying phenomenal observ- ance preparation remonstrated. Rl'LE 3. There are a few words which must always be written above the line to distinguish them from other words of the same sound and similar construction. There are six words of this class especial- ly important, and these six are all that the author has met. It is possible there may be more, but if so. the intelligent writer may ap- ply the principle for himself. These six words are same, pure, nun, which are thus distinguished from some, poor, man, and needless, as- signee and ti^nsi^nee, which are thus distinguished from endless, con- signor, and 4O_ SIMPLIFIED rnu.\'unn.-n>hY RULE 4. When any word, which would be written above the line by reason of foregoing rule, or because it is a word-sign (see les- son XVII), is preceded by the or a the word should be written in its usual position, and the omission of the or a indicated by drawing a horizontal line between the word and the line. RULE 5. Some words require to be vocalized, (that is, have a vowel inserted) in order to be read. In such words as via, fiat, etc., the most important vowel is sufficient ; but in words like "payee," "Rio," "ammonia," "area," etc., both vowels should be written, one near the beginning of the stroke, and the other near the end. All words whose singular ends in sis and plural in ses, as in "basis bases." should have the vowel c inserted in the plural. RULE 6. Dollars and cents are indicated by writing the number of dollars on the line and the number of cents above but close to the dollars. When cents alone occur, they should be written above the line, with a zero (cipher) immediately preceding, on the line. RULE 7. In writing numbers, it frequently occurs that there arc- several ciphers to be expressed. In such case the indication is as fol- lows : A straight line drawn under the number adds two ciphers. A straight line drawn -through a number adds three ciphers. Two straight lines drawn through a number, or one drawn through like a kee and then backward like a chee, adds six ciphers. PUNCTUATING SHORTHAND. RULE 8. Very little punctuation is necessary in shorthand ; but it is always advisable to indicate THE PERIOD, By leaving a space of about half a line. APPLAUSE, By a pee stem with an / hook, and a circle around it. LAUGHTER, By an / hook on A fee stem, with a circle around it. QUESTIONS AXD ANSWERS, In taking down testimony : by mak- a cross (X) before the question, and a long upward mark like a pro- longed rcc before the answer. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY 41 Lesson Seventeen. VVORDSIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS. It has been a feature of all good systems of Phonography to represent certain words by arbitrary characters, in order to increase the facility of writing them. These words are of two classes ; viz., those which are extremely common, and those which are extremely difficult to make. Unfortunately many otherwise excellent systems have been marred by their choice of signwords, i. e., those words which should be represented by these brief signs. Many systems embrace in their list of such signs, many which are useless either from being easy to make in their full form, or of so infrequent oc- currence that it is better to write them out in full, than to burden the memory with special signs. Benn Pitman's, Munson's and Graham's systems have far too many signs, ranging from fifteen hundred to four thousand (respectively). When we consider that the vocabula- ry (number of different words) learned by a person of ordinary education, in his whole lifetime, is not over five thousand ; that only six thousand different words are used in the whole Biblj, and that Shakespeare, whose voluminous works are said to embrace almost the whole sum of human knowledge, used only about ten thousand, we see the absurdity of burdening the memory with so many useless signs. Stephen Pearl Andrews, "The Father of American Phonog- raphy," gives a list of one hundred words which form fifty per cent, of all ordinary writing or speech. [As a matter of curiosity, we ap- pend the list herewith, in the order of frequency as given by him : The, and, of, to, in, a, that, is, for, it, he, with, be, are, but, I, all, by, not, or, as, thy, from, have, at, (The foregoing are said to form one- fourth of the language.) they, our, we, God, more, their, them, there, my, on, shall, you, will, thou, upon, word, ye, had, me, no, Lord, us, when, an, go, heaven, see, great, other, were, be.n, O (oh), part, truth, any, ever, full, into, out, unto, thee, (The foregoing are said to comprise one-third of the language.) his, which, your, this, him, who, what, at, if, can, how, life, man, than, may, those, would, has, ever}-, world, do, one, most, love, now, where, time, give, after, first, like, under, work, come.] It is therefore evident that signs for a hun- dred, or at the most two hundred of the most frequently occurring words, embracing a few, perhaps, which are particularly difficult or awkward to form, is all that is needed or advisable. A large list be- comes cumbrous and burdensome; for the only advantage of word- signs lies in their instant use. If we must hesitate before recalling them, it were better far to write them out, and the time spent in the careful memorizing and practice of these signs would be far better spent in obtaining a more thorough familiarity with the principles. We append a list of all the words for which it is deemed expe- dient to give arbitrary signs. [See note following.] These must be learned with the greatest thoroughness. No hesitation in writing or reading them should be tolerated. In a few cases the same sign stands for two or more words. No confusion can arise, as the accompanying words will invariably aid the reader to distinguish them. NOTE. The plural or any other derivative from any of the sign- words is formed in accordance with the rules. That is ; encloses would be the sign for enclose, with the s semicircle added ; enclosed, the sign for enclose with the d circle added, etc. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY 'ordsigns and A _._ Advance j v Contractions. \R^As At Advantage Advantageous Advertise Advise, advice Ah All Always Also Altogether Already Although An, And Any Anything Anybody Anywhere Anyway Arrange Am -quent -ient \ \ Become fl ^ Became li _\-| Business v But \ / OR P ^^ Can V Calculate _o Catalogue 1 y/\ Charge I y Circular \ Come J2; j Consequence, ^*~+ "p VP Convenience, ^ 7 \^_ Different, Difference ^^__Difficult -^*y Distinguish, Distinct L Defendant 44 Electric / ( -Tl HilllSt'lf Enclose / -^_ _D:OR u His Every ^- < OR^^ How Experience C Enlarge /^ _^^d_ However **~P Hundred Especial ) 1 I Everything V^X. Everywhere V Everybody ^^ Favor VIj' LInfluence x_Inform ^7> V ^y I n fo r m at i o n From ^ n OR D TQ Give __ o It Gentleman S? Its, Itself Gentlemen ^/ __/_ Large ^OR! Have v j ^~~f Manage ^[ Manufacture He ^/Mr. Hereon \^_^St /^^Misunderstand Herewith ^^" ( Him ^s$ Misunderstood \* Month SI. MP LIFTED PHONOGRAPHY Necessary /^~V) Never /"TN V^ Overcharge xf Particular \" X^ Perfect \^ Perhaps Vo Phonography Nevertheless _V^ Neither s<~^ Nothing ^-^/K " V Nobody _ZHX Nowhere \ S~~\ ^y Practice \ Practical Notwithstanding /H"> V \ Probable Number ^\^ \ \ \v Probably O, oh \ ^Public Oblige S^ \^ Publish On / \^- Purpose One * Once * )xj Question J Quantity Of i^ / ^Recognize Order ./** Receive Ought A ^__ Receipt Our /^* Reply Ourselves Owe A ^\ Represent .A- Reflect SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH T Respect /'^ Cir~ Today _^T" Together V .Tomorrow Return ^^ Saw i* Satisfy *\\ Tonight / vx^u Unnecessary Satisfactory 1 Satisfaction C __c Us Should ^rvrfOyUnderstand See w s-xr~ Understood \ Special \ J 1 Usual Subject x ^ Very Success _o -QL Take Was v What The ^^ Whatever Them I _ When Themselves /( Whenever TU V ^ 1 hereon \ \ Thing "^We ( Think I "^ Which 1 Time J ~* Took """N, Whichever *v- \j Wherever PHONOGRAPHY Who Whoever Whom Whose Wish With Within Without You Your Yours, Yourself Yourselves v Vi ^ v vORv J ( ( r s VOR X J^-QR^L / p / o 48 SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH! Lesson Eighteen. NONSENSE EXERCISE ON THE WORD-SIGNS. The following exercise has been prepared to give practice on the amanuensis (business) word-signs. As it contains no words ex- cept the word-signs or their derivatives, and only a very few of them used more than once, the connection is somewhat broken ; but it is believed that it will serve its purpose; i. e., to give a brief exercise, without superfluous words, which will yet give practice on all the signs. This exercise should be written ONE HUNDRED TIMES. DEAR SIR : I have received your reply with catalogue, circulars, etc., enclos- ed. We understand you wish to give us special information on the subject. Mr. Favor, however, who came to see us today, together with a gentleman of experience who has charge of his business is very different from what he was when he came on the 10 th inst. Probably all the gentlemen who saw him understood how to arrange things to advantage, but he became satisfied the business can never return a cent on every dollar which you wish to receive. I think an advance of a hundred dollars C. O. D., thereon is necessary, notwith- standing any particular influence you have. Nobody can recognize the consequences of a misunderstanding, at any time, and perhaps to distinguish the singular purpose, it is unnecessary to advertise pub- licly. The practical question is what quantity of electricity is neces- sary. Calculate monthly when convenient, manage it to your satis- faction and convenience, and have it come F. O. B. Ah, Gentle- men, you always over-charge us ; consequently I take none of them, neither tonight or tomorrow. Oh, reflect hereon and herewith, re- specting our success. You misunderstood the difficulty of manufac- ture. No one ever received a large order owing to distinctly repre- senting as perfectly first-class what has nevertheless once become nothing of value. We wish your advise. Yours truly, SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPHY 49 Lesson Nineteen. PHRASING. DKFINITION. A Phrase; t\v<> or more words written together without lifting the pen. Phrases may be either Simple* or Arbitrary. SIMPLE; Compos! of words joined together, in their regular form, as the>- would be written separately, on the same principle by which we join the letters in a word in longhand writing; one commencing where the other leaves off. These do not require to be memorized, the student simply joining those words which form a natural phrase, as shown below. ARBITRARY ; That 's certain signs which represent in themselves two or more words, in the same manner that a wordsign represents a word. These must be memorized, and should be practiced until as fam- iliar as the ordinary wordsigns. * The object uf phrasing is tw. -fold; speed and legibility. The time consumed by raising the pen and putting it again on paper, in itself is infinitesimal, but, when multiplied by many thousand, as it must be when continued writing is under consideration, the total forms no despicable amount of time, as well as a great saving in the distance the pen must travel over the paper. The question of legibility is one of the utmost importance, and if phrases were not as legible as the words written separately, it would be very poor policy to use them. It was formerly considered an impossibility that phrases could be read. Ex- perience has shown us, however, that a phrase is almost invariably more readily deciphered than the uncombined words, and in most cases the legibility is increased at least two-fold, a phrase, properly constructed, having an individuality which renders it easy to read. 50 SIMPLE PHRASING. Simple phrasing, or joining words together without altering their original forms, would seem extremely easy, and yet admits of the most careful study and discrimination. A simple phrase, in order to save time, and preserve legibility, must consist of words which in their utterance and relations flow harmoniously together, and at the same time, in their phonographic form, admit of an easy and facile' joining. Some words which would naturally form a phrase in speaking, would not admit of ready joining; while on the other hand, some words which when written phonographically, would form beautiful outlines, would be utterly out of place in a phrase, from their not combining harmoniously in utterance and meaning. Such a phrase as// can not be ; We will go ; / shall be ; We can do ; Von will go ; /// any way, Could Jiavc done; etc., form phrases which in both sense and writing are readily and naturally joined. On the other hand the phrases Received and we, Ont but we, and other equally un- couth phrases, which we have known to be written by stenographers ignorant of the true principles of phrasing, will be readily understood to be poor and unnatural phrases. In accordance with these ideas we are able to lay down a few simple rules, which although they may not prove infallible, will yet be of assistance to the pupil. The first and most important rule, and indeed the one on which all the others are based, is as follows : RULE. A phrase should not commence with an adjective, ad- verb, preposition or conjunction which belongs with or qualifies a preceding word ; neither should a phrase end in any adjective, ad- verb, preposition or conjunction that belongs with or qualifies a fol- lowing word. The following combinations generally form good phrases in sense, and when the outlines permit of ready joining should be phrased. It is better to beware of most other combinations. SIMPLIFIKI* PHONOGRAPHY 51 Two WORDS. 1. An adjective and the noun it qualifies. 2. A subject and predicate. 3. A preposition and object. 4. A verb and object (Direct or indirect.) 5. An interrogative and its subject. 6. An adverb and the adjective it qualifies. 7. A verb and an adverb. 8. Two adverbs. 9. Conjunction and pronoun. 10. Preposition and pronoun. EXAMPLES : 1. Good man. Some men. Other occasions. 2. I will. You are. He can. We may. 3. For me. With you. 4. Give him. Do that. Take some. 5. Will you. Canyon. Are you. Do we. Havel. 6. Very good. No better. 7. Go on. Come away. Do well. 8. Very nearly. Quite badly. 9. If you. For they. 10. In our. By our. TIIKKF. WORDS. 1. Subject and verb. 2. Interrogative, subject, and copula. 3. Conjunction, substantive and verb. 4. Verb, preposition and object. 5. Auxiliary and verb. 6. Preposition, adjective, and substantive. 7. Preposition and two adjectives. SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH EXAMPLES : 1. I will go. You will come. He may hear. 2. Will you come. Can you see. 3. If you will. 4 Come with me. Speak for him. 5. Could have seen. Would be there. 6. In our way. For this reason. 7. In our own. For ourselves. Following we give a list of about fifty simple phrases, taken from miscellaneous business letters, which should be sufficient to make plain to the pupil the relation which the words of such a phrase should bear to each other. We enclose. Upon receipt. We are. For this amount. If there is. Very much. By return mail. For same. We can do. Have done. Very low prices. We do business. Should have. Your many favors. Shall be. Can be. No invoice. Please return. Please ship. Has not. Has not been. Will be satisfactory. Will make. By remitting. How long. How many. Every day. Do you think. Will be ready. Ever since. If you will. Should be. By mail. If you wish. Will be charged. Even more. Can be ar- ranged. For this kind. Considerable business. Let us know. They will be. Your favor received. Your card. If you want. They will come. Are made. If you can. We will ship. Will al- low. Have done. ARBITRARY PHRASES. Arbitrary phrases are brief, wordsignlike characters which represent certain phases or combinations of words that occur so frequently as to need some briefer method of representation than either of the other two methods of phrasing will allow. These phrases are generally suggestive of the words they represent, but being arbitrary, should be memorized as carefully as the wordsigns, in order that they may be re- called instantly, and should be practised repeatedly, so that they may be written without hesitation. Following we give a full list of all the arbitrary phrases necessary for amanuensis work, together with list of some signs important in law and sermon reporting. BUSINESS PHRASES. And the * \\ C.O.D. And a 1* I Dear sir And of p Dear sirs And to ("j^) Did not j At first ' jj At least o L Do not O Discount for cash At last Everything (nev'rjoin As follows \j J Etc. As soon as f ^ ^ N**^ Everyone At hand ^ ' V^Nw F -- B - At once ^ Are not ^? v^ ^3 First rate Again and again . ~> v J At hand and noted ^"^ S^A Have been Am not Any one >^xV_Having been In receipt Any other (never join_ ^- Be not \^ ^ r ^ Tn regard -^/ Tn reply Bill of lading ^ -v In reference (K~b Is not Can not SL VILIFIED PHo,Yo(;n,iPh r Knocked down Longer than Less than Larger than More and more More or less More than May not My dear sir No other (never joi; New York New England No one Over and over One by one Of the Of a Sooner than Sooner or later Slower than Some one- Soon after Some future time Some other (nev'r join Should not They are They are not Think not (\ They have To the To a _Very respectfully Very truly r>x Yours truly _ Yours very truly Yours very respect'ly Yours respectfully SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH! LEGAL AND RELIGIOUS PHRASES. \j , -J o \ At all events At any rate As it is As a matter of fact By and by Counsi:! for defendant |_ Counsel for plaintiff Children of God Defendant's counsel Do not know- Do not think Dear friend From side to side From time to time From day to day U is ^ I From place to place \ - ^ From year to year For ever and ever Gentlemen of the jury']' _^ v/ Years ago In the next place In the first place Jesus Christ Kingdom of God Kingdom of Christ Kingdom of Heaven Ladies and Gentlemen Matter of fact ^-X_My dear friend No, sir Xow and then On the other hand Plaintiffs counsel I-< "^^v Step by step Well, sir -Vi Whether or not Why not ) Y. M.C. A. /Yes, sir J Yes or no 5HO.\'()(;i;.II>HY o9 RECAPITULATION. The principle which we have termed "derivation" is of the ut- most importance. The rule is as follows: Write the root or primi- tive-word in accordance with the rules of syllabication, and then add the ending ; thus, KEY TO FIRST LINE. Brave (brav), bray-er, brav-ly, brav-ing, brav-ery, bravd, bravs, brav- ado. KEY TO SECOND LINE. Print, prints, print-er, print-ing, print-ed. Approve (a-pruv), a-pruv-er, a-pruvs, a-pruvd, a-pro-ba-shun. As this principle is best illustrated by example and practice we give a list of illustrative words, which should be written and rewritten, to fix the principle in the mind. Tried, tri-d honored, oner-d reference, refer-ens injury, injer-y central, sentr-al bundling, bundl-ing written, writ-en kindling, kindl-ing laid, la-d done, do-n don't, do-nt Strayed, stra-d arrival, ariv-al ably, abl-y retailer, re-tail-er handling, handl-ing hindrance, hindr-ans buttered, buter-d puffed, puf-d probably, probabl-y does, do-s been, be-n no SIMPLIFIED PHONOGRAPH? AUTHOR'S REMARKS. After some of the pages passed through the press, a few typo- graphical errors have been discovered, and also a few errors in the engraving. All of these are to be corrected in the next edition. The errors are mainly unimportant ones. A few words are given under wrong exercises, and a few w's and ;/s are reversed. The lat- ter were overlooked by the author, and were not the fault of the en- graver, Mr. Eaton, to whom the author hereby extends his hearty thanks for the care and patience with which the exercises have been engraved by hand on wood. The author will be very thankful for any notifications as to errors, from any student or reader of this book. A list of errors al- ready detected will be inserted in each copy of the present edition. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. FEB1 1951, APR9-1957 '- -" Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 fTNIVERSlTY ot AT LOS ANGELES LIBRARY E36t Beale - 1890 Textbook of simplified phonography . i ir>g 000 Z56 E36t 1890 DALLAS,