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.1. L. A. ni'LEs—AJ>\'A.\i-. KDJTIOX 
 
 .CONDHNSHD RULES 
 
 FOR AN 
 
 AUTHOR AND TITLE CATALOG 
 
 Pk';>>ARRD BY THE 
 
 COOPERATION COMMITTEE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN LIBRARY ASS0CL\T10N, 1S83 
 
 REViSfcU BV THE 
 
 ADVISORY CATALOG COMAIliTEE, 1902 
 
 ISSUED BY THE 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 u(JVI:kNM[:NT PRINTIN(i oil nil 
 
 LIBRARY DIVISION 
 
A. L. A. RULES— ADVANCE EDITION 
 
 CONDENSED RULES 
 
 FOR AN 
 
 AUTHOR AND TITLE CATALOG 
 
 PREPARED B1' THE 
 
 COOPERATION COMMITTEE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, 1883 
 
 REVISED BY THE 
 
 ADVISORY CATALOG COMMITTEE, 1902 
 
 ISSUED BY THE 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVHRNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 LIIiRARY DIVISION 
 
 August. 1902 
 
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 V 
 
 CK 
 
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 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The eondiaistMl rules for an author and title eatalou, of which 
 a revision is here 2)rt'S('ntt'(l, were i)re}»are(l hy a eonunittee' of the 
 Ainerieau Lihrarv Association appointed Septendjer 5, 1877. The 
 full text of the rules was lirsi suhrnitte<l at the Buifalo conference 
 in ISS?),- 2)rintcd in full in the proceedings of that year (Lihrary 
 journal, S: 251-254), and re})rinted in Cutter's Rules for a dic- 
 tionary catalog. The iini»ortance of some uniformity in cataloging 
 praetiee has therefore from the hegiiuiing heen fully rect)gnized hy 
 the Association. The compilation and issue of the A. L. A. rules 
 have not, however, prevented considcrahle divergence in the prac- 
 tice even of lihraries which have hecn organized suhsecjuent to 1S83, 
 
 One of the first (juestions to he considered hy the Puhlishing 
 Board of tlic American Library Association wlu-n coopci-ative cata- 
 loging had c(»me })rominently to the front and had linally resulted, 
 at the Montival meeting of -luue, 1000, in definite action hy the 
 Associati(»n, was the means of introducing more uniformity into 
 the size and style of type, the catalog cards, and the rules govern- 
 ing entries. As soon as the agreement had heen consummated 
 between the Publishing Board and the Library of Congress wherel)y 
 the Library was to suppl}' })rinted cards for current books, l)egin- 
 ning, if possible, with January 1, 1901, the a})[»ointment of the 
 present Catalog Conmiittee was decided upon. 
 
 The work so far accomplished by this committee can be sum- 
 marized briefly as follows : Immediatidy after its a])p()intment, 
 about tlie middle of December, lUOO, it was instructed to in(|uire 
 into the type and style of entry in use at the Librar}' of Congress, 
 to recommend such modifications as might seem necessary, and, 
 further, to consider the catalog rules in force — mainly the ])oints 
 on which American libraries had failed to reach an agreement. In 
 order that the issue of ])rinte(l cards from the Library of C'ongress 
 might begin with the calendar year 1901, the conmiitte*! agreed 
 that for the time being the type and style of entry in use at the 
 Library of Congress should l)e accepted, with a few slight modifi- 
 cations. 
 
 No meeting of the committee could be held before March, 1901. 
 The points to l)e then first considered weiv those affecting typog- 
 
 > C. A. Cutter, A. IL Spofloni, S. S. (Jreen, .1. N. Dyer, L. K. Junes. 
 - C. A. Cutter, S. II. Scudder, ('. 15. Tiffiugliast, eoiiiuiittee. 
 
 2 
 
 ///^f/ 
 
INTRODVCTION. 3 
 
 raphy and form of entry, and tlio foll()\vinj>- rccunnnendations were 
 agreed upon and submitted : 
 
 (a) The entire headinii to be printed in 12-point liea\'y-faeed 
 type, exeeptions 1)eing made for titles, explanatory phrases, ete. 
 
 (/>) The author's name or heading to be printe(l on a, line l»y 
 itself. 
 
 (/•) Title to be printed in l-2-})oint. 
 
 (rf) The imprint to be in Roman type. 
 
 (e) Series note to be printed at the end of the eollation. 
 
 (/) For collation, notes, and contents, the largest type that the 
 32-size card will permit is to l)e used, and if the 8-])oint tyi)e is 
 the largest, to use that. 
 
 (ry) The position of the collation and series note to l)e on a 
 separate line immediately after the date and preceding the other 
 notes. 
 
 {h) Notes to be ])la('ed before contents. 
 
 Tlie term "collation" is here used to cover that part of the de- 
 scrii)tion which follows the imprint date — viz, vols., pages, illus- 
 trations, maps, plates, etc., and size. 
 
 It was decided that the A. L. A. rules printed as Appendix I to 
 Cutter's Rules for a dictionary catalog, edition of 1891, should be 
 made the basis for further consideration, particularly those sections 
 which had been included in "disputed points" submitted by the 
 Cooperative Connnittee of the A. L. A. at Montreal in 1900. 
 
 The result of thest' delibei-ations was embodied in the re]K»rt to 
 the Publishing Board ])i-esented at the annual meeting of the Asso- 
 ciati(»n at Wauki'slia in .Inly, 1901. The Publishing Board, in 
 ;iceei»ting the re}»oi-t, gave further instructions to continue the 
 woi'k and to cover the whole ground of the catalog rules. It was 
 also agreed that the Library of Congress might i)rint the rnles when 
 they should be sufhciently advanced to warrant it. 
 
 The difficulty of securing a full attendance of the eommittec has 
 necessarily delayed the work of revision. But there is an increas- 
 ing demand by the libraries snbscril»ing for the i)rinted cards 
 issue(| by tlie Libniry of Congi'css for a statement which shall 
 embodv the main points in the y\\\v^ and indicate where the 
 Libraiy of Congress differs from tliem in its ])ractice. Untler 
 these circumstances i( has been deciiie<l liesl to issue, as a tem- 
 porary ex])e(lien(, an advance edition. While answering to some 
 extent the imii)e(liate needs of the libiaries interested, it is hojx'd 
 that it may also serve as a basis for tlie fuitlier consideration of 
 those I'ules on whicli iliere is still dis.-igfeeiiieiit, iiiid especially to 
 facilitate suggestions ;ni(l criticism on tbc pjiit of lilirarians who 
 lake an interest in the advancement- of cooperative cataloging and 
 the drawing togctluT of the main systems of rules now followed by 
 Ameiican lihraries. 
 
JATh'ODl'CTIOX 4 
 
 Tlic ((inDuittiM' lias In-on anxious, so far as lay in its power, to 
 lirini;- al>out conforniitv Itotwoen its revision of the A. L. A. rules, 
 tlie new (4th ) edition of Cutter's Rules for a dictionarv catalog, as 
 well as the eonteni])lated new edition of the Library school rules. 
 It was felt that if these codes could be brought into harmony a 
 considerable advance would have been made towards a uniform 
 cataloging ])ractice. It is l)elieved that the printing of this tempo- 
 rary eclition will materially assist in furthering such agreement. 
 
 In the revision the order of the original edition has l>een closely 
 followed, the main changes lieing the extension of the rules cover- 
 ing cor])orate entry and the omission for the present of any rules 
 on capitals and arrangement. Reference is made in the first case 
 to th(^ Ivibrary of Congress rule printed as an appendix ; in the 
 second to Cutter's Rules for a dictionary catalog, 4th edition. 
 
 The ])resent committee agrees with that of 1.S77 in allowing 
 some alternative's and in reconnnending some exce]>tions. It be- 
 lieves that in certain eases discretion should be left to the indi- 
 vidual library. A i)u1ilic circulating library, foi- instance, may 
 l)refer to enter freely under authors' ])seU(lonyms, where a large 
 reference liVtrary would tend towards entry under the real names, 
 if known. The rule to enter a society mider the first word not 
 an article or serial number of the corporate name will be applied 
 diflferently by different libraries. It Avas our aim in this matter 
 to lay down a governing ]»rinci})lc indee(l, but yet to make excep- 
 tions in favor of entry imder the })lace when we thought that the 
 great niajority of readers would remember tlie name of the place 
 rather than the name of the institution, ^^'hen an institution is 
 chjsely associated with a, certain locality l)y its buildings, or for 
 other reasons, and when its name is not sufHciently distinctive to 
 be easily reniend>ered, entry un<lei' the place has been prescribed. 
 Indeed, the feeling with which the committee have acted through- 
 out may be ex])ressed in a quotation from the 4th edition of Cut- 
 ter's Rules for a dictionary catalog: 
 
 "The convenience of the pul)lie is always to be set before the 
 ease of the cataloger. In most cases they coincide. A plain rule 
 without exc(4)ti<»ns is not oidy easy for us to carry out, but easy 
 fdf (be pul)lic to understand and work by. But strict consistency 
 in a rule and unifoi'mity in its a]>))lication sometimes lead to ])rac- 
 ticcs wbicii clash with the public's habitual way of looking at 
 things. When these habits are general ami deeply rooted it is 
 unwise for the cataloger to ignore them, even if they demand a 
 sacritice of system and simplicity. That [the committee has] 
 alwavs understoo"! the public's views, estimatc(l correctly its power 
 of changing them, and drawn the line in the right place between 
 
IISTRDDl'CTION. 5 
 
 a conservative regard for ciistoni and a wish to lead the piibUc 
 towards a desirable simplicity and consistency is too much to 
 assume; hut [we] liave at least always looked for the reasons on 
 both sides."' 
 
 As these rules can only trive a brief outline, we are jrlad that the 
 4th edition of Cutter's Rules substantially agrees with them, and 
 we hope that the forthcoming edition of the Library school rules 
 mav be brought into a])})roximate conformity with them. It 
 would then l)e poSvSible, in the final edition, to refei- to these 
 codes whenever a fuller or more detailed statement slutuld seem 
 advisable. 
 
 The committee realizes that if it is to be in some measure suc- 
 cessful in its labors it must secure the coo})eration of librarians. 
 Criticism, comment, and suggestions will therefore be most wel- 
 come. The issue of the final edition will depend largely u])on the 
 assistance which librarians are able to render in this respect. 
 
 The rules to which si)ecial attention is called and where criticism 
 and suggestions will prove specially helpful are : 
 
 9. Entry of publications issued by a Government department or bureau. 
 
 The committee is anxious to have a full expression of opinion 
 on the alternatives suggested. 
 
 25. Enter academies under tlie first word not an article or a titular desig- 
 nation. 
 
 This rule may seem a radical departiu-e from previous practice 
 in American libraries, but it was adopted in view of the varying 
 preferences on this point, and in order that the libraries subscril)- 
 ing for the printed cards might be enabled the more readily to 
 arrange the cards to suit their individual preferences. 
 
 Alternatives of arrangement might be suggested as follows : 
 
 (a) Prefix the name of the place where entry under this is pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 (}}) Fill out the abbreviation and enter under Konigliche, Re- 
 ale, etc. 
 
 The abl)reviation of the designations as well as ignoring the 
 same in arrangement are in line with the best bibliographic ]irac- 
 tice of continental Europe. 
 
 39. Dissertations. 
 
 Special att<'ntion is called to enrUer dissertations. 
 
 Nina E. Browne. 
 
 T. F. ClHKIEH. 
 
 C. A. CiTTKi;. 
 
 Mhs. S. ('. F.\in( iiii.i). 
 
 .1. ('. M. Hanson, Chninii'iii. 
 
 A. H. ilol'KINS. 
 
 Aii(ji'-'>f, 1902. Alice B. Kkoeger, SecrcUny. 
 
\)^' of ..^xb* 
 
 A. L. A. RULES WITH MODIFICATIONS OF 
 THE COMMITTEE. 
 
 ENTRY. 
 
 1. Enter books under the snriKiiiic-^ of authors wlien aseertained. 
 In case of works or editions pul»lished anonymously tlie lieading 
 is to 1)0 inclosed in braekets. Add the note "Published anony- 
 mously," or "Anonymous edition," when it is desirable to empha- 
 size the fact. 
 
 2. Enter ainyuyinotix ])ooks, the names of whose authors are not 
 known, under 'tlie first word of the title not an article. A motto 
 or the designation of a series may be neglected when it l»egins a 
 title, and the entry may be made under the first Avord of the real 
 title following. 
 
 o. Enter the Bible or any part of it (including the Apocrypha) 
 in any language, under the word "Bible.^' Treat in like manner 
 the Talmud, Koran, and other sacred or well-known anonymous 
 books.-'- Refer from the names of the editors, translators, etc. 
 
 *This rule covers national ami popular epics, such as Edila, Niebelun- 
 genlied, Reynard the fox, etc. 
 
 4. Enter under initials of authors' names when these only are 
 kjiown, the last initial being put first, unless the typograi)hy or 
 evidence from the book itself shows that the surname is re} •re- 
 sented by one of the preceding letters. 
 
 5. Pinter under 'psrudoiii/iiis of writers when the rc^al names are 
 not ascertained. 
 
 ('}. A ]).'<fii(lovi/ni is also to 1)6 used instead of the surname when 
 an author exclusively uses his })seudonym on the title-pages of his 
 liooks and is much l)etter known by his assumed than by his real 
 name. Put both names in the heading. In case of doubt, use the 
 n-al name. 
 
 The Lihrary of Congress re.stricts entry under the p.^eudonyin to a few 
 sjieeilic (;ai-:es, e. g., George Eliot, George Sand. ()nly one iiaine is given in 
 the heading, tlie other appearing either in the title or in a note. 
 
 7. Enter rollertions under the name ol' the collector unless they 
 ai'c better known by the title, or, like periodicals, are to be indefi- 
 nitely continued. 
 
 Examples of collections which are usually to be entered under the title 
 are: Encyclopedias, almanacs, series, the various collections of Monumenta, 
 Scriptores, Collectanea, and Anecdota. Pnder the collector are entered an- 
 thologies, chrestomathies, collecti(jns of legends, tales, proverbs, etc. 
 
 G 
 
t 
 
A. L. A. RULES. 7 
 
 8. Enter under names of roiditriex, ritie'^, toims^ etc., oHicial jtuh- 
 lications issued l)y them or under their auspices. Sueh ])ubh.ea- 
 tions are to be arranyed under subdivisions, e. g., Kiii(/, Conyress, 
 Departinerit, etc. 
 
 9. Enter (/orcnnitrnt hiiirini.'< or ojfict-s subordinate to a depart- 
 ment directly under the country, not as sub-lieadings under depart- 
 ments. 
 
 The inversion of the names of bureaus and departments — e. g., Education, 
 Bureau of, or Education bmeau — lias not as yet been adopted by the Library 
 of Congress. At present the heading is printed : U.S. Biivtuti of t'ducution. 
 
 Tlie following ahernatives are being considered (for U. 8. documents only): ^\ 
 
 ((0 Bureau of Education (to be arranged iwS« r Education). 
 
 {b) Education bureau (the practice of the Superintendent of documents). 
 ——(c) PMucation, Bureau of. 
 
 The Library of Congress further arranges many of the divisions and sec- 
 tions under the bureaus or departments of which they form a part, e. g. : ^ "CKrt 
 
 U.S. Deixirtiiu'iit of Agrlciillitn: DIrision of hotoiii/. i''' ^r\ t ^ d-'^f'' 
 
 U. S. Buieati of Auinidi iiKhixIri/. Ihintj Oinxioit. 
 
 U. S. Libra rij of ('ougreftx. Uivisiou of dorniittiit». 
 
 10. Enter under the writer reports made to a department by a 
 person who is not an otticial. When several persons make the 
 report the department may be considered as editor. 
 
 11. Enter Uius on one or more particular subjects, whether di- 
 gested or merely collected, under the digester or collectt>r, with 
 added entry under country. 
 
 Digests of the opinions rendered by a |)articular judge or court are also to 
 he entered under the digester, with added entry under the judge or court. 
 
 1*2. Enter rongresses of several nations under the name of the 
 place of meeting, with references from the nations taking part in 
 them and from aiiy name l)y which they are popularly known. 
 
 13. Enter treaties under the first })arty named on the title-page, 
 with added entry under the othei", with a reference from the name 
 of the place when the treaty is conmK)nly called l)y that name, and 
 from any other usual a})pellation. 
 
 14. Enter a soeietij under the first word (not an article or serial 
 numlter) of its corporate name, with reference from any other name 
 by which it is known, especially from the name of the place where 
 its headquarters are established, if it is often called by that name. 
 
 1-5. Enter soeietie-s extending through many lands, or having 
 authorized names in many languages, imder the Englisii form of 
 tlic name, unless (a) no jiublications have appeared in Englisii, in 
 which case they arc to be entered under the name of the society in 
 the language in which most of the ])ul>Hcations have appeared, e. g. , 
 Internationale erdmessimg. ; ( oniilc international des poids et me- 
 sures ; Congres international des Americanistes ; or (/>) no publi- 
 cations have appeared in iOngiisii, but successively in various foieign 
 
.1. L. .1. RULES. 8 
 
 languages, in which case that name is to h(> selected l>y wln'ch the 
 society is best known. 
 
 16. Enter iiitcnnifioiinl iiicf'fin;/-'<, (■(uifcreiKrs^ ronffrcxscs of private 
 persons, under their Englisli name, the same exce})tions ajiplying 
 as under 15. 
 
 17. Enter onJers of kiu(/lifli()<i(J^ l)otli those of medieval times and 
 their lionorary modern equivalents, under the significant word of 
 the English title, e. g., Malta, Knights of. 
 
 It is better to enter the American Knights Templars and otlier regular 
 Masonic bodies under the heading Freemasons. 
 
 18. Enter coUege-t of an P^nglish university and the professional 
 schools of an American university under the university's name. 
 Professional schools with a distinctive name may be entered under 
 that name, particularly if they are situated at a distance from or 
 for other reasons are less closely connected with the university of 
 which they form a part. Examples are American medical schools 
 which, originally independent, have later affiliated with or become 
 departments of a university. 
 
 19. Enter college llbrarie>< and local eollege .sorie/ies under the name 
 of the college ; but the Bodleian library may be jmt under Bodleian. 
 InfereoUegi((te HorieticH and Greek-letter frateniitieH should go imder 
 their names. 
 
 20. Enter (ifumiii and nhiniiKie (is.soeiation-^ under the name of 
 the school or college. 
 
 21. Enter American juihlic sc/hxiIx under the name of the city or 
 town maintaining them, whether they have an individual name or 
 not. 
 
 22. Enter gaihU vmder the name of the city, with subheading 
 for the name of the trade, e. g. : 
 
 Bristol. Merchant tailors. 
 London. Clockmakers. 
 
 23. Enter bexlicfi whose legal name begins with such words as 
 Board, Corporation, Trustees, imder that part of the name by 
 which they arc usually knoAvn. 
 
 24. Enter the name of a ///•/// under the family name ratlun- tlian 
 the Christian name, and do not fill out the forenames, e. g., A})ple- 
 ton, D., & CO., not Appleton, Daniel, ct co. 
 
 25. Enter aceulemieM under the first word not an article or a titu- 
 lar designation (K. K., H., I., etc.) 
 
 Abbreviate at the beginning of the names of societies and institutions the .., 
 
 titular words Ilerzoglicli, Imprrial, Kaiserlich, K(iniglicli, Iveale, etc.: Iler- 
 zogl., I., K., K., K., etc., and disregard these titles in arrangement except in '^€<. 
 
 cases where they form the distinguisiiing part of the name, e. g., Berlin. 
 Konigliche bibliothek ; Stockholm. Kongiiga bibiiotlieket. 
 
 The word "royal" in the names of English societies is not to l)e abbrevi- 
 ated. 
 
A. L. A. RULES. 9 
 
 26. Enter iDsfilniidiis, (/dllcrics^ hoxp'ilaJ^, clnirifdhlr hiMitiifJon^., 
 Ubrarirs^ iinixcnitis^ etc., umlcr the ])l;v('(\ cxccpl lliosc havMiifi do- 
 cidodly "individual"' nani(>s (as tlio.se named troiii persons, or 
 Avitli names derived iVoni other proper nouns). 
 
 ]']x. : J)(>sti)n. Musenni (it line aft. 
 
 Boston. Home I'mi- indii^cnt women. 
 1iut Corcoran gallery. \\'asliin,i;ton. 
 
 27. Kilter iiiiirrrKilirs^'^'- tidlJiric^, etc., called merely lm})erial, 
 Eoyal, National, and tlie like, under the name of the place, except 
 the National gallery in London. 
 
 *Tlie full corporate names of tlie universities of eontiiien(al Kunipe are 
 little used evea in oHicial lilcradire and are hence practically unknown. 
 Entry is therefore made under the place followed l)y tiie simple form of 
 name in current use, e. j:. : 
 
 Christiania. I^niversitet, (with reference from Kon^lige Frederiks univer- 
 sitet). 
 
 Heidelherg. Universitiit, ( with reference from (iro.ssherzogliche FJuprecht- 
 Karls universitiit zu Heidelherg). 
 
 Kiev. Universitet, (with reference from Imperatorskii universilet Sviatago 
 A'ladimira). 
 
 28. Enter Amrriran .stall- iiiiirrr-'<ifirs^ sfafc /li.sforicdl, (i(/riciilfnr(if, 
 and Dirdirnl .sor/VZ/Vx, and xfatr lihr(irir--i.^ whether supported by the 
 state or not, under the name of the state. 
 
 21). Enter exposilimis under the name of the jtlaee where they are 
 held. 
 
 Ex.: Chicago. ]\'(irhrx ('ohimhidii r.rjKisitioD, 180.'>. 
 
 New Orleans. WOrhTs i luliisfriid (HkJ coffon. crulvinnul ij/ii- 
 
 bition, 1SS4-18S.''). 
 ButTalo. Pan-Aiiirrictiii ( xjntsUinii, I'.lOl. 
 Philadel])hia. ('ciifciniidl cxliihition, 187G. 
 
 30. Olm'rratoru'x are to ))e eidrred under the name of the place, 
 except that (a) university ohservatories are to he entered under 
 the university, and (l>) any ohservatory having an iii<Iividual 
 nauK,' by which it is generally known may l>e entereil under that 
 name, e. g., Lick observatory, ^'erk(\s observatory. 
 
 .">!. Va\\vy rlniiclii ■•< under the name of the place. A few cathe- 
 drals generally known by some other name, as St. i'aurs, London, 
 may be entenid under their names. 
 
 .'52. i'aitei' iiiniKisli r'ns and (■(iiircnls under the place, unless better 
 known by the name. 
 
 The Lilirary of Congress enters freely under their names the monastic 
 institutions of tlie middle ages. In the case of modern Catholic institutions 
 the rule is to enter under the place, with excejitions when the name is de- 
 cidedly (letter known. 
 
 y>'\. k'nter iKiltniKil hdiih'.s (lesigiiate(l inei'eiv li\' nmiiber under 
 the name of tlc' [ilace. 
 
A. L. A. Rll.ES. 10 
 
 .')4. Enter Ix'/wrolciit, moral, or similar xoridic^, which art' purely 
 Jiu-iil, under the place. 
 
 35. Enter Youikj iiieii''.i! Chrixtiaii ((ssoddfioiis, nicrcdiitih- lihnir;/ 
 axiioriatiov.'^, and the like under the place. 
 
 86. Enter jrrirate school!^, having no distinctive name, under the 
 name of the j^roprietor, and private lihrarieyi under the owner. 
 
 37. Enter a periodical under the first word (not an article or 
 serial number) of its title. (See also Apjtendix II. ) 
 
 o8. Enter ronnuenldries accompanied hy the full text of the work 
 under the name of the author connnented on, unless the typo- 
 graphical disposition of the text clearly indicates its intended 
 secondary position, e. g. , in footnotes, ( ), etc., to elucidate the 
 conmientary, or when the text is insignificant as compared with 
 the commentary ; in these cases the entry should be made under 
 the name of the commentator. In doubtful cases the reading of 
 the title-page shall decide the entry. (8ee Cutter's Rules, 4th 
 edition, ^14.) 
 
 39. Modern disscrtatiov-'i. Enter dissertations after 1800 under 
 the respondent, excepting for universities where the old custom 
 was kept up after 1800 (e. g., the Swedish, and of the German })ar- 
 ticularly Tubingen). If two respondents are named without a 
 praeses, and without designating the author, make entry under the 
 first and added entry under the second. 
 
 Earlier <lix-'<ert((tioiis. Enter dissertations }»ublished previous to 
 1800 under the praeses as praeses.* ^hike an adtled entry under 
 the respondent when he is known to be the author or is so named 
 in the dissertation. The word "i^raeses" or "respondent" shall 
 be added in the heading. 
 
 *Treat in the same way dissertations f)f tlie universities where the old 
 custom was ke])t ii{( after 1800, e. ^., the Swedisli and Finnish universities, 
 and of the (ierman particularly Tubingen. 
 
 40. Enter reports of eiril (uiioiix under the name of tlie party to 
 the suit which stands first on the title-|)age, with added entry for 
 the other parties. Itepoi'ts of eroii'ii and eriitiiiidl jiroreediiK/s are to 
 be enteretl under the name of {\\v (lefemhiiit ; odiiiiraltji proeeediiuj^ 
 relating t<» vessels, un<ler the name of the resscl. l)ceisi(inx art' to 
 be entered under the court making them, with reference fi'om the 
 judge. A plea printed separately is to lieenteicd under the lawyer 
 who makes it. 
 
 41. 'I'he heatling for a juinl (nilhor i'\\{v\\ including correspond- 
 ence, is t(t be the name of the first author. The names of the 
 others are to be given in the title when there are three; if more 
 than three, it is better to give them in a note or in contents. 
 
y|. L. A. JULES. 11 
 
 42. Enter riohlnuni under tlieir higliest titles, unless tlic fauiilv 
 name or a lower title is decidedly better known. 
 
 43. Enter (Tclcsidstiail (liijnihtrics, t'xeept iKi})es and sovereigns, 
 under their surnames. 
 
 44. ICnter .so/v'/Y'/////Nj otlici- than (ircck or Ivoman. niliin/ jiiiiicc!^, 
 ixqx's.^ friars^ I if !■■•<() i is caiionru'd, and all other jiersoiis known oidv hv 
 their tirst name, under this tirst name. iji. 47. 
 
 45. O/vV/zfr// ?rr//o-.s' (to be submitted ). *■' .' * o '^''>'^^ 
 
 46. Enter iinirrml iidiitcu and othci- persons who have changed 
 their nanies under the best known form. 
 
 Library of Congress rule: Kiiter married women under the la.st fonn 
 unlegs an earlier form is ihfUJnlhi l»et.ter known. The entry shall consist of 
 (a) husband's surname and (/<) lier own name, the maiden name, when 
 kudwn, to be enclosed in curves, e. g. : 
 
 Hopkins, Mix. Sarah (Drake) (iarretson. 
 Stowe, Mia. Emily Howard (Jennings) 
 Soyaux, Fran Frieda (Schanz) 
 Gasparin, Valerie (Boissier) comtesse (\e. 
 Women known under husband's name are to be entered as follows : 
 Hink.son, Katherine (Tynan) "Mrs. H. A. Hinkson." Cross reference to be 
 made from the latter form. 
 
 HE.\DINTtS. 
 
 47. In the heading the names of authors are to be given in full 
 ami in their rrriKirnhir forin,=i^ except that (r/) Greek authors of the 
 classic period are to be entered under tlie Latin form of tlie name ; 
 (/>) certain medieval names and also several from the renaissance 
 and reformation periods are to be enteivd under the Latin form 
 when this is nn^re generally known ; (r) popes are to l)e entered 
 under the Latin form of the name. 
 
 * Names of sovereigns are to he treated according to this rule. Exceptions 
 ai"e made in nrienlal r.amcs. 
 
 JunriKiiiUs not used by authors and not represented by initials 
 on the title-pages of their works shall be omitted. 
 
 W lien in such cases it is deemed safer to retain tlie full name the follow- 
 iicj form of entry may he adopted, e. g., J.evas.--eur, Kmile /. r. JMerre Emile. 
 
 'J'he iiiiidijittl nnrcU a, o, u, in whatever language they may 
 occur (derman, Swedish, Danisli, Hungarian, and Finnish), are 
 to l»e written as on tlie title-page, but to be arranged as ae, oe, ue, 
 aa, etc. (.See Cutter's Rules, -1th ecUtion, i^ 235. ) 
 
 48. English, French, and Uelgian surnames beginning with a 
 yn-efi.c (except the French (h' and d' and Px'lgian ile, d', van, van 
 der, van den, ten, and ter ) are to be entered un(h r Ibe pi-etix ; in 
 other languages, under the word following. 
 
A. L. A. RULES. 12 
 
 Ndtundhcd n(imr--< are to be treated by the rules of the nation 
 adopting them. 
 
 49. Com)>i»iii(l names are to be treated according to the usage of "^ ' 
 
 the fatherland of the author (English ones to be entered under the /-^v^^^o^j^^. ■'JUv-v^ul- 
 
 Inuf i^nrf r»f fVip iiiinip f(irpi(rn riliPK lindpv flip first n;irt, 1" l>nt, if it 1 .V-f N. _ -1,-1 .. 
 
 Q.v>^.ilW v— ^ 
 
 last part of the name, foreign ones under the first part); l>ut if it 1 -)^ ^^o-^y^y^ 
 be known that the author's own treatment differs from th<' general j j 
 usage of his country his treatment is to be followed. 
 
 50. Drsi(/ii((tl<>m are to lie added to distinguish writers of the 
 same name from each other. Dates of birth and death are to l)e 
 added in all cases whenever practicable. 
 
 51. PirfixcK indicating rank or {)rofession of writers may l)e added 
 in the heading when they are part of the usual designation of the 
 writers. 
 
 52. The Avords "//'///<</•" and ".sr/^/or," or their ahlireviations, if 
 generally used by the author as a part of his name, are to be used 
 in the heading. 
 
 53. Names oi phirrs are to be given in the English form. When 
 l)oth an English and a vernacular form are used in English works, 
 the vernacular is to l)e preferred, e. g., Dauphine rather than Dau- 
 phiny. 
 
 TITLES. 
 
 54. The title proper is to be an r.rart frtniscrijif of the title-page, 
 neither amended, translated, nor in any way altered, except that 
 mottoes, repetitions, and matter of any kind not essential may be 
 omitted and the omissions indicated by three dots (...) The 
 titles of books especially valuable for anti(|uity or rarity are to l^e 
 given in full, with all practicable i)recision. The phraseology and 
 spelling, but not necessarily the i)Unctuation, of the title are to be 
 exactly copied. 
 
 The Library of Congress usually gives the title in full, including the au- 
 thor's name, the punctuation of the title-page being generally followed. 
 
 55. Any addilions needed to make the title clear are to be sup- 
 plied and enclosed l)y brackets ; such additions are to be very brief 
 and in the language of the title. \\'hen the additions nvjuirc more 
 space, they are to l)e given in the form of a note, the latter to be in 
 English unless consisting of a foreign quotation from the ])ook or 
 from other authorities. 
 
 In the printed cards of the Library of Congress square brackets [ ] are 
 used only to indicate matter inserted by the cataloger. AVhen brackets 
 a(-tiially occur on the title-page, angle brackets < > are used for purposes of 
 distinction. 
 
 56. Books in more than one volume (not periodicals) are, as a 
 rule, to be cataloged by the tiflf-piu/c of llic firxt nthimr, su])se(|uent 
 changes being explained in notes or contents. 
 
 VAIV' 
 
J. L. A. RULES. 13 
 
 57. Of ^///r'-s- and fillr-iKit/cs in different langua<res, use the one 
 that alone i« in Konian eharaeters. When Itoth or neither are in 
 Roman, use the one in the original language. Mention in a note 
 the unused title. 
 
 The Library of Congress prefers, in case of Greek classies witli a Cireek 
 and Latin title on one title-pajjre, to give botli. 
 
 oS. The cdifioii is to be considered as a part of the title It is 
 to 1)(," given in the language of the l)Ook and in the order of the 
 title-j)age, except tliat custotnary al)l)reviations may ])e used. 
 
 59. Titles in eharnctcrs other than Roman or Greek may Ix' 
 tran-sl iterated. The bnujiKuje or languages in which a l)ook is 
 Avritten are to be stated when the fact is not apparent from the 
 title. Trdiishitr in a note all titles not in the Romance or Teutonic 
 languages. 
 
 60. The Committee has decided to ])ostpone for tlic j)resent any 
 definite decision on enjiiinh. For a lirief statement showing the 
 present practice of the Library of Congress see Ap}). I. 
 
 IMPRINT. 
 
 After the title are to 1)e given — 
 
 61. The place of })u))]ication. 
 
 62. After the place of })u1)lication the place of printing may be 
 given, if different. This is desirable only in rare and old books or 
 when of special significance for other reasons, e. g. , London, N. 
 Triiliner [Colombo, S. J. A. Skeen, print.] Paris, Dentu [Guern- 
 sey, Impr. universelle] 
 
 63. The 'pvhlixher'' X name (place and })ublisher's name in the 
 language of the title). 
 
 64. In books pel rn fell/ priiifeil the name of the ])rinter or the 
 press is to )»• followed by the abbreviation "jiriv. }»rint." liefore 
 the date. 
 
 65. The year as given on the title-})age, but in Aral»ic figures, 
 except in cases where the form in which it appears on the title- 
 page is characteristic of a special edition or otfierwise worthy of 
 note. Dates other than those of the Christian era to be given as 
 on the title-page, followed by the date of the Christian era in 
 brackets. When there is no in)i)rint date, it is to 1)0 added in 
 brackets, and if uncertain to be given approximately, e. g. , [189-?] , 
 [1 S9-] , [] S'.)i> ?] . Ill the case of books fre(|uently reissu(Ml without 
 date or printed from plates bearing date of earlier (first) edition 
 (publications of Wanie, Routledge, Levy freres, Hachette, etc. ) the 
 fact is to l)e stated in a note giving date of first ])ublicatioii of 
 that edition. 
 
 4 
 
 cA-'-v o 
 
A. L A. RVLEH. 14 
 
 66. Tho year of C(:)i)yri<4ht or actual publication, if known to be 
 different, in biackets, and preceded by tbc alibi-cviations "c.," 
 "pref.," "pu1>.," colopbon, etc., as the ease may be. 
 
 COLLATION. 
 
 67. The nunilier of rohiiiit'^, or of ji'if/r--^ if tbere is only onc^ vol- 
 ume. 
 
 68. The numliei- of jkij/cs is to be indicatecl by ,nivin_>;- the last 
 numl:)erof eacli ]ia,L;in.u-, separation- the numbers I>y a connna. The 
 addition of unpaged matter may be shown by a +, or the num- 
 ber of pages, aseertainetl by counting, may be given in l)raekets. 
 \Mien there are more than three })agings it is better to add tliem 
 together and give the sum in brackets. Preface or introductory 
 paging is to be given in Arable or Roman figures, aceording to the 
 book. 
 
 69. IJhisf ration-^, 2')late>^^ portr(tit><^ maj)s, etc. Give niniiher of 
 plates, maps, etc., when the number is easily ascertained. 
 
 70. *S72^' is to be given in rcnthneters. 
 
 Library of Congress rule: "Give height of book (of cover in bound 
 books) in centimeters, exact to one-lialf centimeter, e. g., if exact height 
 
 be 
 
 169""". (1().9""'.) write 17"". 
 
 irO"""'. (17'="'.) 17""'. 
 
 171""". (17.1"'".) 17""'. 
 
 172""". (l"--'"'-) 17"'". 
 
 17?.""". (17.."."".) 17.1""'. 
 
 174""". (17.4"'".) 17^-'". 
 
 175""". (17.5""'.) 17i"™. 
 
 17(1""". (17.G""'.) 17J""'. 
 
 177""". (1''.7'"".) 17|"'". 
 
 178'"'". (17.8""'.) 18""'. 
 
 179'"'". (17.9"'".) 18"'". 
 
 etc., etc. 
 When l)ook.s are 'narrow,' 'square,' or 'oblong,' or etherwise of very un- 
 usual size, give butii (iiniensions, e. g. : 
 
 17 X 10"'". (a narrow book) 
 
 17 X 14"'". (a square book) 
 
 17 X 28""'. (an oblong book)." 
 On the printed cards space is provided to the right of tbc number for the 
 insertion in manuscript of the letter or fold syniliul. 
 
 71. The name of the .sY'/v'r-v to which the book belongs is to be 
 given in pai'enthescs afb'r tlie collation. 
 
 72. 4Mie iiitjiriiil and i-n/ldlitni are to giv(^ the facts, whetlici- asci'r- 
 tained from the book or from othei' sources; those wliicli ai'e 
 usually taken from llie title ( place, puMislier's name, and series) 
 are to i)e in the language of the title, (dn-cctions and additions 
 being inclosed in l)i'aek(4s. 
 
A. L. A. RULES. 15 
 
 73. The words ''illustrations," "plates," "portraits," etc., are 
 to be abbreviatetl. All iiit'orniation in collation is to be given in 
 English. 
 
 CONTENTS AND NOTES. 
 
 74. Notes and contents of volumes are to l)e triven when nec- 
 essary to describe the works })ro})erly, tlie notes to be in English 
 unless consisting of foreign quotations from the book itself or from 
 other sources. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 75. A single <hii<h or iiulcid indicates the omission of the pre- 
 ceding heading ; a subsequent dash or indent indicates the omis- 
 sion of a subordinate heading or of a title. 
 
 7G. A (laxli connecting inmil)ers signities "to and including"; 
 following a number it signities "continuation." 
 
 77. A question mark ? following a word or entry signifies "prob- 
 ably." 
 
 78. Bnickets inclose words added to titles or imprints or changed 
 in form. (See also note to 55) 
 
 79. Anihic figures are to be used rather than Roman. In head- 
 ings Roman numerals (in small (;a])itals) are to be used after the 
 names of sovereigns, princes, and popes. 
 
 SO. Ahbreriatioiix. Lists of abbreviations may be found in — 
 
 Lil)rary journal, ;]: lG-20; 12: LS7-1!»2; W: 14L 
 
 Siiuplified Library school rules, p. 71-77. 
 
 Cutter's Rules, 4th edition, appendix vi. 
 
 Instruktionen fiir die alphahetischen kataloge der preussisclien biblio- 
 
 theken und fi'ir den preussischen gesanitkatalog. Berlin, 1899. 
 
 p. r>(;-59. 
 
 81. Arraii(/('iiieiit. See Cutter's Rules for a dictionary catalog, 
 4th edition, J^ 235-274. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 RULES 
 
 ON THE 
 
 USE OF CAPITALS IN CATALOG TITLES. 
 
 IN FORCE AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, JULY, 1902. 
 
 Ill citing the rules the order observed by Cutter in his Rules for a dic- 
 tionary catalog, 1891, §205-20(5, is closely followed. While Cutter's Rules 
 liave in the main been adopted as a basis, the codes of Harvard college and 
 the New York state libraries have l)een freely drawn upon. 
 
 Custom accredited by good authority has generally governed tlie practice 
 of the Library with respect to foreign titles, moditications being in the direc- 
 tion of uniforniity of rule. The latter may occasionally have led to decisions 
 which will at iirst sight seem radical, but which nevertheless have been 
 found necessary in order that the rules might be applied by a large force work- 
 ing in various special lines with the result of a satisfactory measure of con- 
 gruity. Instances are : ('() common nouns not capitalized in any language ; 
 {h) names of days and months capitalized in English only; (r) titles of 
 honor or distinction, when immediately prefixed to the name of a person or 
 used in direct address, capitalized in English but not in foreign languages. 
 
 I. ENGLISH. 
 
 In English an initial capital is used— 
 
 1. for the first word 
 
 a. of every sentence ; 
 
 b. of every title quoted. 
 
 In quoting titles lik(; the Nation, the Times, the word follow- 
 ing the article is capitalized, but not the article itself. 
 
 c. of every alternative title. 
 
 2. for all proper names ^ 
 
 (I. of persons and places. 
 
 When the latter consist of a distinctive name joineil to a ge- 
 neric name both are capitalized. 
 
 h. in names of bodies. 
 
 The first word only is here capitalized, not all the chief words, 
 e. g., British museum, Smithsonian iiistitntioii. Harvard 
 university, INIuseo nacional. In heading and imprint the 
 article as well as llic following word is capitalized, e. g.. The 
 Western union teiegra|)li company. The Century company. 
 In the body of the title the article is not capitalized in such 
 cases, but the word following, e. g., the Century co. Names 
 of special government departments, courts, legislative bodies, 
 etc., follow this rule. 
 
 r. Names of noted events and pcrio(|s arc not capKalized. 
 
 1 Scicntilii- iiaiiics, fjL'iiiTa, siK'cics, etc., arc iiol i Mi-itiilizcil cviii if tlio name of the si>efies 
 is foriiU'il fiMiii a iieisoiial naiiir, as iiiii'iriis i,'aiiiln'lii, retinia ciiin>t(ickiaiia. 
 
L. ('. in ' I. IIS FOR CAr/T.lLS. 17 
 
 I. EN(^LLSH— ContimuHl. 
 
 .'>. for adjectives and otlicr derivativeH from pnipcr iiaincs wlieii (hoy 
 liave a direct reference to the person, place, etc., froin wliich they 
 are derived. 
 
 4. for title.s of honor or distinction wiien inmiediately prelixed to names 
 
 of persons in direct address, or when standing instead of the name, 
 as President Lincoln, Earl Spencer, Mr. President, Bishop of Al- 
 bany. They are not capitalized if affixed to the name, e. g., John 
 Stanley, earl of Derby; John Jewell, bishop of Salisbury; John 
 Hay, secretary of state. 
 Epithets are also capitalized when affixed to names of persons, 
 e. g., Alexander tlie Great, liicbard the Lion-hearted ; so, also, 
 Henry the Second, etc. In case of English titles consisting of 
 two Avords, usually hyplienated, both words are capitalized, 
 e. g., Lieutenant-Colonel, Major-General. 
 
 II. FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 
 
 In foreign languages initial capitals are used — 
 
 5. for 1 <■/, 1 h, 1 r, as in English ; 
 
 6. for names of persons and places. 
 
 a. Connnon nouns are not capitalized in Latin and ( irceU or in any 
 language of continental Europe. 
 
 h. Adjectives derived from names of persons are capitalized in all 
 languages of continental Europe, certain exceptions being re- 
 served, i. e. some adjectives which have acquired a generic 
 meaning, as: homerique (I'Age homerique); hitherisch (luthe- 
 rische kirche); dantesco (studi danteschi). 
 
 r. Adjectives derived from names of places are not capitalized ex- 
 cept in Dutch, and in German the indeclinable adjectives 
 ending in -er, e. g., IJerliner, Pariser. Occasional exceptions 
 are such adjectives as either are or may be used alone, as Vati- 
 cana ("biblioteca" being either expressed or understood), 
 Palatina, etc. By-names derived from j^lace or other proj)er 
 names are capitalized, e. g., Gregorius Tin-o)t(')isls, Bassano 
 Mdiit'iniini. 
 
 (I. Names of days, months, etc., are not capitalized in any (if the 
 languages of continental Euroi)e. 
 
 7. for names of bodies as in English. 
 
 8. Names of events and periods are not capitalized. 
 
 9. Titles of honor or distinction are not capitalized even if immediat(>ly 
 
 prefixed to tlie name or iised in direct address, e. g., graf, freiherr, 
 frihene, comte, marchese, vicomte, professor, doctor. On the 
 other hand, personal titles — e. g.. Monsieur, Madame, Signor, Se- 
 iior, Don, Donna, etc. — are always capitalized. Epithets used as 
 affixes to names of persons — e. g., le Grand, der (irosse — are always 
 capitalized. 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 PERIODICALS. 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS RULE. 
 
 ^Liin entry is made under tlie last form of name. 
 
 For eurrent })eri()(lieals, of wliieli the entries are usually not 
 printed, the followin*^,- order is prescribed : 
 
 L Short title, followed by two blank lines ; imprint; collation; 
 f requeues' of }iublieatiou. 
 
 2. Beginning a new card, a bibliographical note to give in chro- 
 nological order the various titles under which the periodical has 
 Ijeen published. 
 
 3. Note giving briefly the successive editors. 
 
 4. Note giving, wdiere imi)ortant, changes in place of j)ubhea- 
 tion, and publishers. 
 
 2, :>, and 4 may be coiubiiied if tlie ehanges ef title, edilor, and imprint 
 occur simultaneou8h\ 
 
 The form of the notes is to be such that information reiiardiiiii' earlier or 
 later series not at hand may l>e easily added. 
 
 5. Statement on a new card of what is in the Library, iidroiluee(l 
 by tlie phrase ^'Library has :" 
 
 ('». A se})arate concise entry for each series bearing a, dilfennit 
 title, with notes "preceded by," "continued as," or a direct nd'er- 
 ence to the current nam(\ 
 
 7. Adilid entry under the names of eilitoi-s. sulijecls, etc. 
 
 Wdien a periodical ceases to be jiublislieil the iid'ormation con- 
 tained on the card s])eci[ied under .") is to be transferred to the two 
 Idank lines ])ro\ided for that purpose on cai'd 1, tju' formei' card 
 being canceled. On tbeotbei' hand, if a periodical continues under 
 a new name, the <'ai'ds containing bibliograplncal notes and state- 
 ment of wliat is in the Library ai'e placed ai'tei' the new title. 
 Lntlcr the old title there I'emains the usual brief entry, refei-ring 
 for continuation to tlie new name. Incm'renI titles the last date 
 an<l the statement of the mmdxi' of \dlumes are to be written in 
 
 in'ucil. 
 
 E.v A.\nM.i:s. 
 
 1. 
 
 Tlie Wesleyan-Methodist magazine . . . being a continuation of the 
 
 Arminian, or Methodist magazine first i)ub. by the I'ev. .John 
 
 Wesley, \. ^r. 
 
 fiondon fl 778-LSO.'>j 
 
 IK; V. in 1'2(). port. 21-22'='". moiil liiv. 
 
 IS 
 
L. a RULES F(U! I'Kh'lODK 'ALS, ETC l*.i 
 
 Title varies: 1778-97, The Anuiiiiuii inayazine 
 
 ^4^ ^.^ ^^>"' -^^^^ 
 
 i798-182l/The Methodist^n^ ' - ^x^j^A ^^/^-^/^ ^^'^-^ 
 
 1822- , The We.sleyaii-lNrethodist inatraziiie ... ^ 1^ ^£-4" 
 
 Editors : 1778-91, Joliii Wesley. — 1792-1821, George Whitliuld, George Story, 
 Joseph Beii.son and others. — 1822-24, Jabez Bunting. — 1824-42? Thomas 
 Jackson.— 184-7-52, G. Cubitt, W. L. Thornton, W. H. Rnle.— 1850-75, 
 Editors not ascertained. — 187()?-Sei)t. 1893, Benjamin Gregory. — Oct. 
 189.3- , W. L. Watkinson. 
 
 o 
 
 Library has : 
 
 V. 1-20; 1778-1803. 20 v. 
 
 V. 27-44 (new ser. v. [1]-18) 1804-21. IS v. 
 
 V. 45-67 (3d ser. v. 1-2:5) 1822-44. 23 v. 
 
 V. 68-77 (4th ser. v. 1-10) 1845-54. 10 v. in 14. 
 
 V. 78-99 (otli ser. v. 1-22) 1855-76. 22 v. 
 
 100-116 (6th ser. V. 1-17) 1877-93. 17 v. 
 
 The Arminian magaziiu' . . . consisting chiefly of extracts and origi- 
 nal treatises on universal redemption, v. 1-20; Jan. 1778- 
 Dec. 1797. London, Printed hy J. Fry c^' co. [ctc.j [177Sj-97. 
 20 V. port. 21''-'. monthly. 
 Editors: 1778-91, John Wesley.— 1793-97, George Story. 
 
 Continued as the Methodist magazine, later the Wesle3'an-J\retiiodist mag- 
 azine. 
 
 The Methodist magazine . . . being a continuation of the Arminian 
 magazine, first pub. by the Rev. John AVesley, a. m. ... v. 21- 
 2G; V. 27-44 (new ser. v. [Ij-lS); 170S-[1S21| London, 
 Printed for G. Whitfield [etc.] 1798-[1821] 
 
 24 V. port. 21-21^'"'. monthly. 
 Editors: 1798-1821, George Story, Joseph Benson anil others. 
 Continued as the Wesleyan-Methodist magazine. 
 
 1. 
 The American ])rint(r . . . 
 
 New York, H. Lockwood &: co. [etc., 1885-1901 , 
 
 31 V. in 19. illus., pi. (partly col.) port. 30^-.32.}'"'. monthly. 
 
 Title varies: 1885-Jan. 1897, The American budkmakcr 
 .Mar. 1897-l)ec. 1899, The Printer and Ix.okmakcr ... 
 Jan. -Feb. 1900, The American printer i*c bookmaker. 
 Mar. 1900- , The American printer ... 
 
 Editor: 1897- , J. C. Oswald. 
 
 Library has : 
 
 V. 1-31; July 1885-Feb. 1901. .;i v. in 19. 
 
L. ('. RL'Lt:s FOI! r!':ja<Jl>J('ALS, ETC. 20 
 
 The American Ixiokmakcr, a journal of tcclinical art. and informa- 
 lion, for ])nl)lisli<'rs, hookliindcrs, jirinlcrs, 1 it ho^ra pliers, blank 
 liook nianufacturcrs and all others conncctfil with or interested 
 in hookniaking. v. !--'>; -luly ISSo-Jmi. JS',)7. New ^'ork, 
 H. Loekwood t^' co. [lS,sr)-l)7| 
 
 2;> V. ill lo. ilhis., (■(.!. pi., poit. ;;ii-;!2i'"'. iiH.ntlily. 
 Continued as the I'rinter and bookmaker. 
 
 The Printer and l)(»okinaker ... v. 24-2S ; v. 29, no. 1-4 ; March 
 lS',)7-r)ee. LS!)'.). New York, H. Loekwood & co. [ctc, 1897- 
 l)9j 
 
 5 V. and 4 no8. in 4 v. illns., j)). (partly w\.) i)ort.. 'lO-i-oli'"'. montlily. 
 J. C. Oswald, editor. 
 Treceded by the American lK)okmaker. 
 Coiitiiiued as the American ])rinter. 
 
 ANNUAL REPORTS. 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS RULE. 
 
 When the title of an annual re])ort begins with an ordinal num- 
 l)er, as "First report," "2d rep)ort," " od annual report," etc., 
 leave space (one or two lines after the. heading) at the beginning 
 of the title for vdtimate insertion of the ordinal nvnnbers, e. g. : 
 
 Boston. Public Llhrari). Pa-<*^j^ dCiT^ 
 
 annual rei)()rt ^-a n ^^^'^ , 
 
 Boston, The Trustees, 1S.')(5- etc. \^Qo ~ 
 
 Even if the title reads "Annual report of 
 
 for ISOti" [etc.], leave s[)ace at the beginning (the title fre(iueiiily 
 changes, later reports beginning with an ordinal number). In 
 both cases leave space after "report" for the insertion of the name 
 of the officei-, board, etc., issuing the report, and for dates. 
 
 Add after inii)rint and collation "Report year ends ^larch 81," 
 "Report year irregular," etc., as the ease may be. When the 
 re))ort year agrees with the calendai- year no note is necessary. 
 State wliat the Library has in the following form : 
 Library lias : 
 
 lst-ir,th, l.S(;i-7(;. K5 v. in 2. 
 When the report covers part of two calendar years, express the 
 ddubjc dale in foiiii of fraction, e. g. 
 
 ist-5th, ls<);v4-LSi)7/s. r, v. 
 
 .\s in the case of ])ei-iodicals, the above sh'demenl is always to 
 be^iu a, new card. 
 
L. a RrLES FOR f'I'Jh'loniCALS, ETC. 21 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF SOCIETIES. 
 
 While current ))r()c('('(liii<i;s, trMiisnctions, etc, oi" sncietie.s and 
 institutions are necessarily treated by rules ditTerinu; somewhat 
 from those governing entry of periodicals, the l)il)liogra|)hical notes 
 specified above (Periodicals 2-5) maybe applied here; so, also, 
 the rule governing the statement of what the Library contains. 
 
 Instead of a short entry for publications issued by the society 
 under an earlier name, a general cross-reference is made from this, 
 as well as from any form of the name other than the one adopted 
 as main entry, {cp. Periodicals 6. ) 
 
INDEX. 
 
 [7'//'' )iiriiil)<'rs rrfi'i' fa jKinif/ra Jills'] 
 
 Abbeys 32 
 
 Ablireviations — 
 
 imi)rint (11, OG 
 
 collation 7;i 
 
 lists of 80 
 
 Academies 25 
 
 Admiralty proceed iiis>^ -10 
 
 Alphabeting 81 
 
 See (ilxo Cutter's Rules, -Itli ed., J, 235- 
 273. 
 
 Alternative titles (capitals) Ai>p. I, Ir 
 
 Alumni and alumnae associations 20 
 
 American state libraries 28 
 
 agricultiu'al societies 28 
 
 historical societies 28 
 
 medical societies 28 
 
 universities 28 
 
 Annual reports Ap)). 11 
 
 Anonymous books 2 
 
 Arabic figures 79 
 
 Arrangement 81 
 
 Ser also Cutter's Rules, 4th ed., ? 235- 
 274. 
 
 Authors 1 
 
 See also Names. 
 Authors having same name, how to dis- 
 tinguish 50 
 
 Banks, national 33 
 
 Bible 3 
 
 Bodies, corporations, etc 23 
 
 (capitals) .Vpp. 1, 2?) 
 
 Books in more than 6ne volume 56 
 
 Bot)ks yjrivately printed 64 
 
 Brackets 55,78 
 
 Canonized iiersons 44 
 
 Capitals 60: App. I 
 
 Cathedrals 31 
 
 Churches 31 
 
 Cities, official publications of 8 
 
 Civil actions 40 
 
 Collation 67-73 
 
 Collected works of authors S3-85 
 
 Collections 7 
 
 ■ Partial (arrangement). Sir it/so 
 
 emitter's Rules, 4th cd., i, 262. 
 
 College libraries 19 
 
 societies 19 
 
 Colleges 18 
 
 Commentaries 38 
 
 ComiMjund names 49 
 
 Conferences, international 16 
 
 Congresses 12 
 
 Congresses, international 16 
 
 Contents 74 
 
 Convents 32 
 
 Copyright date 66 
 
 Corporate entry 8-36 
 
 Countries as authors 8 
 
 Criminal proceedings 40 
 
 Crown procee<liiigs 40 
 
 Dash 75,76 
 
 Dates of birth and death 50 
 
 Date of eov)yright 66 
 
 Days (ca]iitals) M'\'- I. G'' 
 
 Decisions 40 
 
 Designations added to names 50 
 
 Digests 11 
 
 Dissertations 39 
 
 Documents (countries, cities) 8 
 
 Ecclesiastical dignitaries 43 
 
 Edition 58 
 
 Entry 1-46 
 
 Ei)ithets (capitals) App. T, 4, 9 
 
 Events (capitals) Apj). T, 2r, 8 
 
 Expositions 29 
 
 Firms 24 
 
 Forenames 47 
 
 (aiTangement). .^yc( Hitter's Rules, 
 
 4th ed., g 241-244. 
 
 Freema.sons 17 
 
 Friars 44 
 
 Galleries 26 
 
 Imperial, Royal, National, etc "27 
 
 Government bureaus, departments, etc.. 9 
 Government ]iublications (countries, 
 
 cities) 8 
 
 Greek authors 47 
 
 Greek-letter fraternities 19 
 
 Guilds 22 
 
 Headings 47-53 
 
 Historical societies 28 
 
 History, periods in (cajiitals) ... .\pi>. 1, '2c, 8 
 
 Hospitals 26 
 
 Illustrations 69,73 
 
 Imprint 61-66, 72 
 
 abbreviations 64, 66 
 
 Indent 75 
 
 Initials 4 
 
 (arrangement). .Vr Cutter's Rules, 
 
 4th ed., g 257. 
 
 Institutions 26 
 
 Intercollegiate societies 19 
 
 International meetings, conferences, 
 
 congresses 16 
 
 Interrogation marks 77 
 
 .Toint authors 41 
 
 ".lunior " 52 
 
 Knighthood, orders of 17 
 
 Koran 3 
 
 Laws n 
 
INDEX. 
 
 23 
 
 Libraries 26 
 
 American state 28 
 
 mereantile library associations 35 
 
 private 30 
 
 Maps 69 
 
 Married women 46 
 
 Masonic bodies 17 
 
 Medieval names 47 
 
 Meetings, international 16 
 
 Mercantile library associations 35 
 
 Monasteries .'Vi 
 
 Months (capitals) Apii. 1, iUI 
 
 Mnseums 26 
 
 Names — 
 
 of authors 47 
 
 compound 49 
 
 of days App. I, Gd 
 
 medieval 47 
 
 of months App. I, Hd 
 
 naturalized 48 
 
 of persons M'\'- I. 2" 
 
 of places 53: App. I, 2<r 
 
 of publishers 63 
 
 of reformation period 47 
 
 of renaissance period 47 
 
 vernacular form of 47 
 
 National banks 33 
 
 Naturalized names 48 
 
 Noblemen 42 
 
 Notes 74 
 
 Nimierals, Arabic 79 
 
 Roman 79 
 
 Observatories 30 
 
 Official documents (countries, cities) 8 
 
 Omissions 54 
 
 -dash or indent 75 
 
 Orders of knighthood 17 
 
 Oriental writers 45 
 
 Pages, number of 68 
 
 Periodicals 37; App. II 
 
 Periods in history (capitals) Apji. I, 2c, 8 
 
 Place of printing 62 
 
 Place of publication 61 
 
 Plates 69, 73 
 
 Pleas (civil actions) 40 
 
 Poijes 44 
 
 Latin form of name 47 
 
 Portraits 69, 73 
 
 Prefixes to names 48 
 
 (arrangement). Nrr Cutter's Rules, 
 
 4tli ed., g 248, 249. 
 
 indicating rank 51 
 
 Princes 44 
 
 Privately [irinted liooks 64 
 
 Proceedings— crown, criminal, admi- 
 ralty 40 
 
 I'seudonyms 5. 6 
 
 Pulilications of societies \\i\i. II 
 
 countries, cities, towns (doru 
 
 meuts) s 
 
 Publisher's name 63 
 
 Reformation iK'riod, authors of (Latin 
 
 forms of name ) 17 
 
 Renaissance jieriod, aulhors ol' (l.alin 
 I'diiiis 1)1' name) 17 
 
 Reixirt.s— 
 
 annual App. 11 
 
 of civil actions 40 
 
 of crown and criminal pioceed- 
 
 ings 40 
 
 made to a department 10 
 
 Roman numerals 79 
 
 Saints 44 
 
 Schools, American public 21 
 
 private 36 
 
 professional is 
 
 Secret societies 17, 19 
 
 "Senior" 52 
 
 Series 71 
 
 Single works (aiTangement). Str Cut- 
 ter's Rules, 4th ed., g 260-272. 
 
 Size notation 70 
 
 Societies 14 
 
 alumni associations 20 
 
 American state agricultural 28 
 
 American state historical 28 
 
 American state medical 28 
 
 benevolent 34 
 
 college, intercollegiate ]y 
 
 international 15 
 
 moral 34 
 
 publications of Apii. II 
 
 Y. M. C. A 35 
 
 Sovereigns 44 
 
 vernacular form of name 47 
 
 State agricultural societies, American ... 28 
 
 State historical societies, American 28 
 
 State libraries, American 28 
 
 State medical societies, American 28 
 
 State univerisities, American 28 
 
 Surnames 1 
 
 (aiTangement). Ntf Cutter's Rules, 
 
 4th ed., § 23.5-239, '248, 249. 
 
 compound 49 
 
 l)reflxes to 48 
 
 Talmud 3 
 
 Title-pages in different languages 57 
 
 Titles 54-60 
 
 additions to 55 
 
 alternative (cai>i(als) .\pi). 1, l/i 
 
 quoted (capitals) App. I, Ic 
 
 transliteration of .59 
 
 Titles of honor 42 
 
 (capitals) App. I, 4, 9 
 
 Towns as authors 8 
 
 Transliteration .59 
 
 Treaties ]3 
 
 U. S. deiiartments. Sec Governiiienl bu 
 
 reaus, departments, etc. 
 
 Umlaut (ii. r>, ii) 47 
 
 Sir <i/so Cutler's Rules, 4th ed., ji 235. 
 Universities— 
 
 American stale 28 
 
 Im|ierial, Royal, etc 27 
 
 Vernacular form of name 47 
 
 Vessels 40 
 
 Volumes, numbei' of 67 
 
 Vowels, modified (ii, ii, ii) 47 
 
 St( (i/sii Cutter's Rules, 4th ed., ^ 235. 
 
 Woiueu, married 46 
 
 ^'<lunl; men's < luislian iissi)cia(i<ins 35 
 
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