University of California Berkeley 
 
so": 
 
Sketches of Colorado 
 
 IN FOUR VOLUMES 
 
 Being An Analytical Summary and Biographical 
 
 History of the 
 
 STATE OF COLORADO 
 
 As portrayed in the lives of the pioneers, 
 the founders, the builders, the states- 
 men, and the prominent and pro- 
 gressive citizens who helped 
 in the development and 
 history making of 
 Colo rad o 
 
 VOLUME 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 The Western Press Bureau Company 
 
 DENVER, COLORADO 
 
 1911 
 
Copyrighted by 
 
 THE WESTERN PRESS BUREAU COMPANY 
 1911 
 
 WILL C. FERRIL. A. M. EDITOR 
 
 Curator of the State Historical and Natural History Society of Colorado, 1896-1910 
 and Secretary of the Colorado Academy of Science, 1898-1909. 
 
 Press of 
 
 THE AMERICAN PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO. 
 Denver, Colorado 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 TO the pioneers of Colorado, 
 "Who Builded Better Than 
 They Knew". 
 
 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
P R E F A C E 
 
 trict adherence has been had in the publication of this 
 work, to its primary purpose, namely, the production of an 
 analytical summary, and biographical history of Colorado. 
 The history will be found to be more complete than any pre- 
 vious history so far published and, to better conserve the pur- 
 pose for which it has been prepared, it has been written in 
 narrative form. In every feature of the book, accuracy, above 
 all things else, has been striven for. In the biographical 
 sketches much historical data naturally appears. These 
 biographies have not been prepared with a view to praising 
 nor of inflicting adulation upon the subjects thereof, but 
 have been written in as concise and concrete form as was pos- 
 sible, and accuracy of detail has been the key note. 
 
 It is not claimed for this history that every detail in Colo- 
 rado 1 s up-building has been covered therein, but all the 
 leading events and salient points relative to the progress of 
 the state are presented. With regard to the first chapters 
 of the history, treating of the period before the advent of man, 
 the deductions therein contained have been arrived at by ap- 
 plying scientific principles to that which has been previously 
 treated with in history, and the result thereof is set forth 
 as an entertaining story. All of the facts which pertain to 
 the periods from and after the explorer's advent are authenti- 
 cated and succinctly stated in chronological order. 
 
 THE WESTERN PRESS BUREAU CO. 
 
History of Colorado 
 
 CHAPTER I. r 
 
 Physical Features The Colorado Islands of the Ancient Ocean. 
 
 HE history of Colorado be- 
 gins with the geological story 
 of a strip of land, or cluster 
 of islands, which comprised 
 an eastern group of the west- 
 ern archipelago of the old 
 
 Paleozoic Ocean of North 
 
 America. Linked with these 
 islands was land extending northward into 
 Wyoming, and also to the south, into New 
 Mexico. In the eastern part of the continent, 
 the Archaean rocks, the oldest known to 
 science, had been upheaved in the region of 
 the St. Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, in 
 a hook or V shaped form, exposing a large 
 area, one arm or branch of which extended 
 northeast into Labrador, and the other and 
 larger, bending northwest to the Arctic 
 Ocean. This land, also known as the Lauren- 
 tian Hills, is supposed by some to have been 
 the first to appear above the surface of the 
 great deep. 
 
 If not at the same time and it is well to 
 remember that "Archaean" means "begin- 
 ning" at least contemporary with these an- 
 cient islands from which Colorado was formed, 
 there had appeared in the east, also, other 
 islands corresponding with the Adirondacks 
 and the Appalachians; while to the west, was 
 another strip, or islands, along the line of the 
 present Sierra Nevadas. Between these is- 
 lands of the east, and those of the west, ex- 
 tended the Paleozoic Ocean, covering the 
 Mississippi valley, and the entire continent, 
 with the exception of the exposed surface de- 
 scribed. These primordial Colorado islands 
 so named for convenience extended more or 
 less in a line with the present continental 
 crest, and the waters of this old ocean, still 
 covered the site, where Denver now stands. 
 
 The Archaean time or age, the first in 
 geological history, was lifeless. It was with- 
 out flora or fauna, but, it has been claimed, 
 there was a diminutive form of life in the lat- 
 ter part of that age. Hence some would di- 
 vide the Archaean into two periods; first, 
 the Azoic, meaning without life; second, the 
 
 Eozoic, thus named for the eozoon, the "dawn 
 animal," although some deny that it had or- 
 ganic structure. The Paleozoic time or age, 
 which followed the Archaean, begins the au- 
 thentic "life story" as told in the rocks. It 
 is divided into the Cambrian and Silurian, the 
 age of invertebrates, the Cambrian being more 
 transitional in character; the Devonian, the 
 third period, the age of Fishes; and, the 
 fourth and last, the Carboniferous, or the age 
 of Coal Plants. 
 
 Now, apply this geological condition to 
 these ancient Colorado islands, already de- 
 scribed as they appeared on the earth's sur- 
 face, at the opening of the Paleozoic age. 
 They were simply islands of Archaean rock, 
 which consisted of granite, quartzites, gneisses, 
 and those mostly of crystalline structure. 
 They were barren, desolate, lifeless. Proba- 
 bly there was little, if any sunlight, for it was 
 but the dawn, in the beginning. There was 
 no climate as now known, for continents had 
 not been formed, nor the great mountain 
 ranges upheaved. The atmosphere was hum- 
 id. Vapors, storm clouds and tempests, with 
 the torrential rains, shut out the sun's rays. 
 Warm or highly heated waters beat upon the 
 rock bound coast. Nothing lived to crawl, 
 creep, walk, or fly along its desolate shores. 
 There grew not a tree, plant, shrub, nor 
 flower. No fish nor living thing, glided 
 through the waters, nor even a seaweed floated 
 in its eddies. Nothing died there was no 
 life. This was the beginning of Colorado in 
 that ancient ocean probably millions of 
 years ago. It was a lifeless sameness, 
 shrouded in gloom and darkness. Great 
 bodies of iron accompanied the archaean 
 rocks, and as the precious metals were stored 
 from that age, and until the Tertiary, the 
 foundation for our mining industry was laid 
 in those Colorado islands "of the long ago," 
 but not until ages after, was coal, their hand- 
 maid in the industries of man, formed and 
 hid away for future use. 
 
 The Cambrian, Silurian, and Devonian 
 rocks, as found in Colorado, tell but little of 
 
life during these first three periods of the 
 Paleozoic. But, from similar rocks, either 
 more advantageously or freely exposed, in 
 contiguous regions of the west, together with 
 the meager information afforded by the same 
 in Colorado, the story of the development of 
 life on these islands may be told with reason- 
 able assurance. There were the lowly and 
 humble beginnings of invertebrate and plant 
 life. Crustaceans and mollusks could now 
 be found. There were sponges, sea worms, 
 trilobites, star fish, and kindred forms. The 
 trilobites had eyes with which "to see" and 
 the sun's rays must have been piercing the 
 darkness of the waters for these new creatures. 
 It was the beginning of the now famous Colo- 
 rado sunshine. Animal life was aquatic, 
 but probably club mosses represented land 
 plants. Such were conditions through the 
 Cambrian and the Silurian. With the De- 
 vonian, that followed, and known as the age 
 of Fishes, the life line is but dimly told in 
 Colorado, as the rocks of that age are but 
 little represented in this state. It was the 
 beginning of the vertebrates. It is reason- 
 able to suppose that fishes, covered with 
 bony scales and plates, and Devonian sharks, 
 infested these islands, with myriads of other 
 forms of animal life. Verdure had now come 
 to these once barren rocks. Ferns, conifer- 
 ous trees, and other forms of vegetation glad- 
 dened the lansdcape, the beginning of the 
 luxuriant growth of the Carboniferous age. 
 The rains, and unknown streams, had been 
 eroding and cutting. Detrition was aiding 
 botanical growth. Land was changing and 
 extending, and at times, these islands may 
 have been united, and then again separated 
 by straits. But during upheaval and subsi- 
 dence that came with the ages, it is not proba- 
 ble that all of the original masses first thrown 
 up, were ever submerged at one time, as 
 shown by the debris that has accumulated. 
 Colorado, once above the waves, had come 
 to stay. 
 
 .The Carboniferous, the last of the Pale- 
 ozoic age, is more liberally represented in the 
 Colorado rocks, than the preceding periods. 
 There is a paucity of coal in the true coal 
 strata. The Cretaceous period which came 
 later, corresponds with the Carboniferous 
 age in the Appalachians in the east, for coal 
 making in the west. Nevertheless, during 
 the Carboniferous period, which was largely 
 marine in the west, the Colorado islands were 
 filled with swamps, and rank vegetation, 
 and there was some coal making. Reptiles 
 now appeared, and there were changes in 
 animal life, hitherto aquatic, to amphibious 
 and land species. The Devonian fishes had 
 foreshadowed the coming of reptilian life, and 
 the marshes of the Carboniferous age afforded 
 
 conditions most favorable to their develop- 
 ment and growth, but they did not reach 
 their culmination until a later age. This 
 period closed with the great plains of the west 
 still under water. 
 
 The Paleozoic was followed by the Meso- 
 zoic time or age, which is divided into three 
 periods; first, the Triassic; second, the Ju- 
 rassic; third, the Cretaceous. It was the 
 great age of reptiles, in the evolution of life. 
 Mesozoic means the "middle-life," as the 
 Paleozoic typified the "ancient life" of the 
 earth. These two ages or time epochs, were 
 followed by the Cenozoic, meaning "recent 
 life," culminating with man. 
 
 The Mesozoic age not only witnessed the 
 zenith of reptilian life but the marvelous de- 
 velopment of continent making in north 
 America. In the Triassic, the Appalachian 
 system, more commonly known as the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains, which had already been 
 slowly rising, was upheaved, and large areas 
 raised east of the Mississippi river. In the 
 Jurassic that followed, being the second per- 
 iod of the Mesozoic, the Sierra Nevadas were 
 thrown up. Great ranges on the Atlantic 
 and the Pacific slopes were born, but still 
 there were no Rocky Mountains. The Colo- 
 rado islands were still surrounded by an in- 
 land sea. It was in the latter part of the Cre- 
 taceous, which succeeded the Jurassic, and 
 in the Tertiary, the first period of the Ceno- 
 zoic, that the Rocky Mountains were up- 
 raised. As the Quatenary, or the Age of 
 Man followed the Tertiary, the Colorado 
 land remained as islands from that uncounted 
 and countless time, when the waves of the 
 Paleozoic Ocean washed its rocky, barren 
 shores, until within one period of the era when 
 man came. In a geological sense, the Colo- 
 rado islands had a maritime ambition. Had 
 it been realized? Let historians speculate 
 on the possible effect of her fleets, commerce, 
 and navies. 
 
 In the Triassic, reptiles continued their 
 marvelous development. In marshes and 
 shallow seas, they thrived, and dominated 
 the animal kingdom; reached their culmi- 
 nation in the Jurassic, and began to decline 
 and disappear in the Cretaceous. In the 
 Colorado islands there were some insects, 
 and mammals were represented by marsupials. 
 The monsters of the Mesozoic were the Dino- 
 saurs, their remains being especially abundant 
 in the exposed Jurassic of Colorado and 
 Wyoming. These huge, uncouth creatures, 
 the largest known to have existed on the earth, 
 herbivorous and carnivorous, were reptilian 
 beasts of enormous bulk, but with small 
 cranial capacity. It is reasonable to suppose 
 that similar terrible creatures of this age, 
 whose remains are found in Wyoming and 
 
 2 
 
Kansas, and contiguous regions to Colorado, 
 were also associated with those monsters that 
 once lived in this state. No more wonder- 
 ful story of animal life is told by the rocks 
 than is here revealed by geology. The Cama- 
 rasaurus, a gigantic dinosaur, eighty feet long, 
 more than sixteen feet high at the hips, 
 weighing 90,000 pounds, obtained in southern 
 Wyoming, has been mounted and placed in 
 the Museum of Natural History, in New York 
 City. Another huge animal of this species, 
 130 feet long, and thirty feet high at the hips, 
 has been discovered. Colossal remains of 
 dinosaurs have been found especially in Colo- 
 rado and Wyoming. Strange and uncanny 
 creatures abounded. The Ichthyosaurus was 
 a lizard-fish thirty to forty feet long. There 
 was a Pterodactyl, a flying lizard, with bat- 
 like wings, that measured twenty-five feet 
 between the tips of the wings. The Moro- 
 saurus, with paddle appendages, was the 
 longest reptile known. There were monster 
 crocodiles, and turtles fifteen feet across. 
 Reptile birds were becoming more bird than 
 reptile. Huge devouring sharks, more than 
 100 feet long, lived in the waters of adjacent 
 seas. The Colorado islands were teeming 
 with life, and from the size and nature of the 
 wonderful and gigantic beasts, there must 
 have been a ferocious struggle for existence 
 on land, in the rivers, lakes and marshes, and 
 surrounding sea. Vegetation was beginning 
 to reveal more modern types. The "Red 
 Beds" of the Triassic are much used in Colo- 
 rado for building. They are of common occur- 
 ence, and form one of the attractive features 
 in the Garden of the Gods. The Cretaceous 
 period was especially bountiful in storing 
 away immense quantities of coal in this state. 
 The Cenozoic time or age, meaning " re- 
 cent life," the last of the grand geological 
 divisions, came next, and is divided into two 
 periods; first, the Tertiary; second the 
 Quaternary or Post-Tertiary in which man 
 made his appearance. In the Tertiary, the 
 Colorado islands became a part of the main 
 land, and the Rocky Mountains continued 
 their formation, during which many of the 
 rich fissure veins of the precious metals were 
 made in Colorado, adding their store to the 
 mineral wealth that had been accumulating 
 during the ages. The first division of the 
 Tertiary is known as the Eocene, meaning 
 "dawn" or "daybreak" plus "recent." That 
 is, the types of the animal and botanical 
 kingdoms were approximating those that ex- 
 ist at the present time; as the old Paleozoic 
 in its meaning, stood for the early or first 
 life on the earth. During the Eocene, Colo- 
 rado abounded with great fresh water lakes. 
 There were dense forests. Had man then 
 lived in this region, it would have been a 
 
 sportsman's paradise, and down through the 
 Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene, the last 
 three of the four divisions of the Tertiary. 
 There was the Coryphodon, allied to the tapir 
 and rhinoceros, and of enormous bulk; the 
 Dinoceras of elephantine size, with three 
 pairs of horns on the head, and with power- 
 ful tusks curving downward and backward; 
 other huge beasts of tapir and rhinoceros 
 like form; Tillodonts, known as the "gnawing 
 hogs," not hogs, but mammals with power- 
 ful incisors like the rodents; horses of the 
 earliest, and later, like the modern type; 
 the gigantic two-horned brototherium, a kins- 
 man of the tapir and rhinoceros; beavers, 
 making their first appearance; monkeys and 
 rodents; and a queer animal, the Oreodon, 
 related to the camel, deer and hog. In the 
 Pliocene, the closing of the Tertiary, came the 
 first mastodon, and associated with it were 
 the elephant, rhinoceros, camel, horse, deer, 
 tiger, with others of the feline family, all near- 
 ing the present type of those that survived. 
 While these animals roamed the plains, val- 
 leys and plateaus, or in the forests along the 
 rivers and lakes, the Rocky Mountains were, 
 at times, in violent eruption, and volcanoes 
 were belching forth their fiery fluids. These 
 animals either became inured to the terrible 
 convulsions which then must have shaken this 
 region, or lived terror stricken at the dangers 
 which threatened. The Florissant beds of 
 Colorado tell the story of the wonderful plant 
 and insect life that prevailed towards the 
 middle of the Tertiary. 
 
 Now comes the Quaternary the age of 
 Man with its three divisions; first, Glacial; 
 second, Champlain; third, Recent. The 
 mammoth, which had appeared a little earlier, 
 the rhinoceros, horse, and camel, all lived in 
 Colorado at the close of the Glacial, but be- 
 fore the second glacial, so called, they dis- 
 appeared and later other species took their 
 place. The Quaternary opens with the Gla- 
 cial Epoch, when the northern part of the 
 United States was invaded by a great ice 
 crust or glacier from the Arctic region. Mo- 
 raines, boulder drift, and other indications tell 
 the story of its work in Colorado. After the 
 ice age, and the changes in the Champlain, 
 and the Recent in the terrace making by the 
 rivers, Colorado was evolved as known to 
 man but just as to when man appeared 
 there are different opinions. Cope, Marsh, 
 and Le Conte, with others, have been promi- 
 nent in the study of the fossils of this region. 
 
 After the geological work of the ages, Colo- 
 rado now has the following physical features, 
 which, in their natural divisions are, moun- 
 tains, plateaus, and plains. The Rocky 
 Mountains, a part of the great Cordilleran 
 system, is composed of several ranges which 
 
occupy the central or middle third of the state. 
 The Sawatch Range, with the waters of its 
 western slope flowing to the Pacific, and the 
 eastern, draining its waters to the Atlantic, 
 forms the Continental Crest or Divide in 
 Colorado, Extending northward from Sagua- 
 che county to the Mount of the Holy Cross, 
 it includes Mt. Elbert, 14,436 feet high, and 
 now said to be the highest mountain in Colo- 
 rado; Mt. Massive, near Leadville; Mt. 
 Shavano; the College Peaks Princeton, 
 Harvard and Yale. The Front range, also 
 known as the Colorado Range, is the most 
 eastern, bordering on the edge of the great 
 plains. It extends from Wyoming, and 
 passes just west of Denver, reaching to the 
 Pikes Peak region, where are clustered Colo- 
 rado Springs, Colorado City, and Manitou, 
 and then to Cripple Creek. It has many 
 peaks reaching an elevation of more than 
 14,000 feet, and among them are those bear- 
 ing the historic names of Long, Gray, Evans, 
 Torrey, and Pike. The Park Range, west 
 of the Front Range, and running parallel 
 with the Sawatch from 15 to 20 miles east 
 of the latter, also enters Colorado from Wyo- 
 ming, reaching to the Arkansas Hills, a few 
 miles west of Cripple Creek. Bross, Lin- 
 coln, Sherman, Sheridan and other peaks of 
 this range, reach an elevation of more than 
 14,000 feet. The Sangre de Cristo Range 
 dividing the San Luis and Wet Mountain 
 Valleys, extends from the Arkansas river into 
 New Mexico. Sierra Blanca, once considered 
 the highest in Colorado, and Humbolt, and 
 Crestone are peaks of this mountain system 
 that exceed an altitude of 14,000 feet. The 
 Wet Mountains in Custer and Fremont coun- 
 ties are about 20 miles east of the Sangre de 
 Cristo. The San Juan Mountains, commonly 
 called the "Switzerland" of America, and 
 forming the southern part of the Continental 
 Crest, are situated in southwestern Colo- 
 rado. Railroads encircle these mountains, 
 thread their canons and reach timber line, 
 but here is a range, which the iron horse has 
 never crossed. Among the peaks of these 
 mountains over 14, 000 feet, are Uncompahgre, 
 Eolus, Simpson, Red Cloud, Sneffles, Stewart 
 and San Luis. The San Miguel Mountains, 
 a near group of the San Juan, contain the 
 famous Lizard Head. The Elk Mountains, 
 the Medicine Bow, Snowy Range, Gore 
 Range, Rabbit Ear Range, La Plata Moun- 
 
 tains, Eagle River Mountains, and other 
 ranges are included in the Rocky Mountains, 
 that extend through Colorado. East of the 
 Front range, extend the Great Plains to the 
 borders of Kansas and Nebraska, while the 
 western part of the state, reaching to Utah, 
 is broken into plateaus, valleys, and hilly 
 regions. 
 
 The park systems of Colorado include 
 several of large area. The San Luis Park, one 
 of the largest, is known as the San Luis val- 
 ley. The North Park, in the northern part 
 of the state, lies between the Front and Park 
 ranges. South of it, encircled by mountain 
 ranges, is Middle Park. Below the latter, 
 in Park County, between Leadville and Crip- 
 ple Creek is situated South Park. Estes, a 
 smaller park, has many scenic attractions. 
 Egeria and Animas are also well known parks. 
 
 The principal rivers in Colorado, the 
 South Platte and the Arkansas, rising in the 
 mountains, and fed by numerous tributaries, 
 flow through the plains in the eastern part 
 of Colorado. In the southwestern section of 
 the state, are the Rio Grande, San Juan and 
 Dolores, and in the western and northwestern, 
 the Gunnison, Grand, White, Yampa, and 
 other streams, well fed by many smaller, 
 from the mountains. Mineral springs abound 
 and have led to the founding of towns and 
 popular resorts, Manitou and Glenwood 
 Springs being the larger and better known. 
 Many lakes are nestled in the higher ranges, 
 the plateaus, valleys and plains, and among 
 the principal ones are Twin Lakes, Grand 
 Lake, San Luis, San Cristobal, Evergreen, 
 Barr a list of an hundred might be given 
 popular for resorts or sportsmen. The great 
 reservoirs now constructed or building for 
 irrigation, rival some of the natural lakes in 
 size, and in alluring, ducks, geese, and water 
 fowl in their migrations. 
 
 The physical features of Colorado are 
 most attractive. The nature building of the 
 ages, made beautiful landscapes, picturesque 
 valleys, broad extending plateaus and parks, 
 grand mountain ranges, the home of eternal 
 snow, whence come the rivers cutting the 
 deep and awe inspiring canons. The Rocky 
 Mountains, though the last of the great 
 ranges, were so wonderfully constructed and 
 with such variety of view and scenery, that 
 this state has become the popular mecca of 
 the tourist. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 Cliff Dwellers Prehistoric Peoples in Colorado The Indians. 
 
 ATURE had completed her 
 grand work, and Colorado 
 was now ready for man. 
 When he first came to this re- 
 gion is not known. In the 
 southwestern part of the 
 United States, in what now 
 comprises Colorado, New 
 Mexico, Utah, and Arizona, are found the 
 ruins and remains of unknown tribes or races. 
 Whence they came or where they went, or 
 the fate that may have befallen them, is a 
 mystery that history has not yet solved. Evi- 
 dences of their culture and civilization were 
 found by the early explorers, but there were 
 no survivors, at least in Colorado, to tell the 
 story of what may be considered a lost race. 
 They lived in the cliffs, where their ancient 
 dwellings remain, but in ruins, and filled with 
 many articles used in that period. Hence, 
 the Cliff Dwellers, as they are commonly 
 designated, are known as the prehistoric 
 people of Colorado. This does not neces- 
 sarily mean that they lived here at a time 
 that was prehistoric with the human race, 
 for written history may have come down from 
 a period in the new world, or old, long before 
 the Cliff Dwellers were inhabitants of this 
 state. They were prehistoric in the sense, 
 that there is no authentic account concerning 
 them. But, as the geologist writes the story 
 of the past life from the fossils found in the 
 rocks, so the historian, from the ruins and 
 relics of this ancient race, may evolve some 
 facts with reasonable assurance. 
 
 The Cliff Dwellers may have been nomadic 
 tribes that once inhabited the plains and val- 
 leys. Through the misfortunes of war, or 
 other adverse conditions that may have 
 threatened their very existence, it is supposed 
 that they sought homes and protection in 
 these cliffs. The evidences of their culture 
 in Colorado, . are found in the southwestern 
 part of the state, in the Mesa Verde region 
 of the Mancos and its tributaries. Here, in 
 the cliffs, they built, between the shelving 
 rocks, stone houses, some of the material used 
 being hewn rock, put together with mortar. 
 They were only accessible by means of ladders 
 and ropes. Corn, beans, pumpkins and other 
 products of the soil, together with evidences 
 of the chase, show that they were farmers and 
 
 hunters. Towers lower down, would indi- 
 cate that when cultivating the land, they 
 probably stationed guards to watch for the 
 approach of possibly new or old time foes. 
 The dead were found buried in the rear of 
 their houses, or under shelving rocks, or some- 
 times sealed up in the rooms in which they 
 may have died. Upon the walls, some of 
 which were plastered, have been discovered 
 pictographs, telling in a crude way, something 
 of their life, legends and beliefs. They 
 probably worshipped the sun. Bone, stone, 
 and wooden implements, but no metal, to- 
 gether with pottery of higher type, have been 
 taken from these ruins. Many of the stone 
 implements are beautifully polished, and at 
 least, so far as the use of stone on this conti- 
 nent is known, they had reached the age of 
 polished stone. Without evidences of the 
 use of a potter's wheel, the vessels made by 
 them are remarkable for symmetry. There 
 were two types of their pottery; the coiled 
 or indented; and the smooth polished ware, 
 decorations being confined to the latter. 
 The ornamentation consisted principally of 
 geometrical figures, with occasional crude 
 pictures of birds, or other animals, or of man. 
 Although the horse was common in what is 
 now Colorado, in the Tertiary Age, that pre- 
 ceded man, yet that animal seems to have 
 disappeared after the ice period, not to re- 
 turn until the time of European exploration. 
 No horses are found in the decorations of 
 the Cliff Dweller pottery and when the early 
 Spaniards came, the then native races, at 
 first considered the rider and horse as one 
 animal. Prehistoric man in this region 
 seems to have known nothing of the horse, or 
 at least, left no evidences that it then existed 
 here. 
 
 The Cliff Dwellers wore clothing, con- 
 sisting of cotton goods, feather-cloth, fur, 
 hair, yucca, and the skins of animals. Their 
 footwear included sandals of buckskin, yucca, 
 cornhusks, and cedar bark, or a combination 
 of two or more kinds of such material. It 
 was in pottery, that this ancient people 
 reached a high culture. Mugs, food bowls, 
 ollas, globular vessels, vases, and water jars, 
 varying in shape and size, have been recover- 
 ed. Mortuary vessels have been taken from 
 burial places, showing similar customs, 
 
followed by Indians later, of placing food with 
 the dead. One of the most interesting deco- 
 rations on their pottery is the swastika, a 
 form of cross that is prehistoric in all lands, 
 with some variation, and is said to mean 
 "good fortune." Among the wooden imple- 
 ments are fire drills, spinning discs, agri- 
 cultural or planting sticks, bows and arrows, 
 some of the latter having flint points attached 
 with the sinew of the deer. Some of the wood- 
 en relics were probably used in games, as 
 were also, some kinds of baskets. In basketry 
 or wicker-ware making, they also excelled, 
 many fine specimens having been obtained. 
 They were expert in this line of work. Osier 
 matting was a common article, and often 
 used to wrap about the dead. 
 
 The bone implements consisted of awls, 
 needles, scrapers, and ornaments, made from 
 turkeys and other birds, small mammals, 
 and the deer, antelope, and bear. Stone im- 
 plements were found in abundance. They 
 are polished, and unpolished. From the 
 crudely formed ax to the highly polished celt, 
 these objects are common, everywhere. Some 
 axes still have the handles attached. They 
 were helved by bending a green withe or 
 willow around the groove of the axe, two or 
 more times, then pulling the ends together, 
 and tying them with a yucca or buckskin 
 string. Some axes have a double edge. 
 Grinding stones, such as are now called me- 
 tates and utilized by Indians and Mexicans, 
 were used for grinding and preparing the 
 corn; pounding stones, without handles, but 
 with pits in them for the finger ends, and 
 knuckles; stones for varied use, and some 
 probably for games and ceremonials, but 
 add to the wonder-collections from pre- 
 historic man in this locality. The charred 
 remains of human bodies, have led to the be- 
 lief that this condition was not accidental, 
 but that cremation was also practiced to some 
 extent by the Cliff Dwellers. 
 
 The fate of this people is still an unsolved 
 mystery of prehistoric times. The age of 
 these ruins is estimated from 500 to 1,000 
 years, or more. But their ancestors may have 
 been cave dwellers, or lived in these cliffs, 
 in more rudely constructed habitations, be- 
 fore they learned to hew stone and build 
 with mortar. Their earlier culture was prob- 
 ably such as is possessed by nomadic tribes. 
 Among their ruins, is found the estufa cham- 
 ber, in which the men held their secret, 
 sacred, and ceremonial meetings and rites. 
 In southwestern Colorado, these chambers 
 are circular in form, and it has been supposed 
 that this is a traditional link, with their prior 
 history, when they lived in tents, roaming 
 the plains, valleys and mountains, leading a 
 nomadic life. Similar rooms, still in use by 
 
 tribes further south, were seen by the Spanish 
 explorers, and called by them " estufa," but 
 the word "kiva" has been substituted as the 
 name of these wholly or in part, subterranean 
 ceremonial chambers, from which women 
 were excluded, except as they may have been 
 permitted to enter or approach, to bring food 
 and water for the men. "Ki" is a primi- 
 tive word of tribes in the southwest, meaning 
 "house," and associated with a part of the 
 human body, the "kiva" symbolically rep- 
 resents the under-world or womb of the earth, 
 where was born the human race. More mod- 
 ern investigation leads to the opinion that 
 women may have had secret societies, which 
 would now be known as sororities, which also 
 met in kivas, and possibly in those used by 
 the men, but when not occupied by the latter, 
 for ceremonial purposes. 
 
 In the romantic story and belief of some, 
 this Cliff Dwelling people, small of stature, 
 living a pastoral life, combined with hunting, 
 had a final desperate struggle with enemies, 
 who attacked them in their habitations 
 along the cliffs and, after an heroic re- 
 sistance, they were all slain, or a few survivors 
 carried into captivity, and all trace of the 
 prehistoric race in Colorado, obliterated. 
 Although they may have had war with foes, 
 now unknown, it is more reasonable to sup- 
 pose that there was a gradual emigration 
 of these people from the cliffs. Climatic or 
 geological conditions may have been the 
 primal cause. Protracted drouths, volcanic 
 eruptions accompanied by violent earth- 
 quakes, or some superstition evolved from 
 the ceremonials of the kiva, may have been 
 contributing influences, rather than the theory 
 that they were wiped out of existence by 
 war or some other misfortune. Probably 
 the first historic reference to the Cliff Dwellers, 
 was recorded in the account of Padre Esca- 
 lante, who made a journey with others from 
 Santa Fe, to the Great Salt Lake region about 
 1775 or 1776. They traversed what is now 
 southwestern Colorado, and in his description 
 of this section, he refers to the ruined habi- 
 tations that were observed. 
 
 The most primitive people or tribes now 
 in the southwest are the Zuni of New Mexico 
 and the Moqui or Hopi of Arizona. It is 
 highly probable that they were related to 
 the Cliff Dwellers, as descendants or ances- 
 tors, or by some tribal links. The similarity 
 of their buildings, when conditions are com- 
 pared, together with many of the supposed 
 traits and characteristics of the former race 
 in Colorado, strongly leads to such a conclusion. 
 These ancient tribes of New Mexico and 
 Arizona, now remnants of a once more populous 
 race, show an intrusion in the construction 
 of the estufa or kiva, which here may be 
 
circular as with the Cliff Dwellers, or changed 
 into a more rectangular, or a combination 
 of the two. The historical links of any 
 people are often more easily followed in trac- 
 ing their ceremonials or religious rites. If 
 the Cliff Dweller culture be the older, the 
 kiva or estufa as seen by the Spaniards and 
 even up to the recent explorations by American 
 anthropologists, has been modernized from 
 that of prehistoric Colorado. The types of 
 pottery from the region of the San Juan river, 
 to which the Mancos and the Mesa Verde of 
 Colorado with their ruins are tributary, are said 
 to be the oldest in the southwest. As the 
 Indian of today, builds his tent thus enclosing 
 his circular home, as he has done from time 
 immemorial, it may also be urged that the 
 circular kiva or ceremonial house of the Colo- 
 rado Cliff Dwellers, is the oldest type, and 
 that it represents an older culture than the 
 Zuni and Hopi, where a more rectangular 
 has been introduced. These are interesting 
 speculations, but after all, the mystery of the 
 Cliff Dwellers' history has not been satis- 
 factorily solved. 
 
 The published reports of the discoveries 
 made in 1874 by Mr. Holmes and W. H. 
 Jackson, the latter formerly a resident of 
 Denver, contained in the Geological Survey of 
 1875-6, first brought the Cliff Dweller region 
 of Colorado into prominent historical and 
 scientific notice. Thus the dust of a century, 
 since the time when described by Escalante 
 during the period of the American Revolu- 
 tion, had been added to that of other cen- 
 turies of silence, which enveloped prehis- 
 toric man in Colorado. Additional interest 
 was given this region by the discovery of the 
 Cliff Palace in the Mesa Verde by Richard 
 Wetherill and Charley Mason, in December, 
 1888, although it is claimed that others of 
 the Mancos region had visited this ruin six 
 or seven years prior to that date. This is 
 the most wonderful ruin, left to tell the story 
 of prehistoric man not only in Colorado, but, 
 all of the southwestern part of the United 
 States. It had more than 100 rooms in ad- 
 dition to numerous kivas or ceremonial cham- 
 bers. Soon after, F. H. Chapin published a 
 volume relating to the Cliff Palace and other 
 more prominent ruins of the Mesa Verde. 
 Baron Nordenskiold issued a comprehensive 
 volume on this region, after which, in maga- 
 zines and general publication, a world-wide 
 interest was taken in the Colorado prehis- 
 toric period. The more noted of these ruins 
 are the Cliff Palace, Balcony House, Spruce 
 Tree House, Long House, Mug House, Spring 
 House, Jackson House, Peabody House, the lat- 
 ter named for Mrs. W. S. Peabody of Denver. 
 A longer list could be made, for this section 
 abounds with evidences of this civilization. 
 
 These discoveries induced both scientific 
 work and investigation, but it was unfor- 
 tunate, that for several years there followed 
 a vandalism which at once, threatened to 
 wreck and destroy these ancient abodes, and 
 rifle them of all valuable contents. After 
 long agitation, an act of congress in 1906, es- 
 tablished the Mesa Verde National Park, 
 and these ruins are now protected by the 
 government. Since then, the Smithsonian 
 Institution, at the request of the Secretary 
 of the Interior, has been excavating and re- 
 pairing the Cliff Dwellings. The work has 
 been in charge of Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes, 
 an eminent ethnologist. He has repaired 
 the Spruce-Tree House and the Cliff Palace, 
 rendered efficient service, and materially 
 added to the knowledge of the culture of this 
 ancient people in Colorado. 
 
 The aborigines found in this region by 
 the first explorers, were the Indians, or the 
 Red Men, commonly called. Their origin, 
 or whence they came, is no more known than 
 that of the Cliff Dwellers, but since the com- 
 ing of the white race, their history has been 
 indissolubly linked. For centuries they may 
 have roamed the plains and mountains, and 
 in their unknown prehistoric ages, there may 
 have been many shiftings and changes of the 
 tribes in the west. They were nomads and 
 wanderers, and yet remained within appa- 
 rently certain approximate boundaries, or 
 hunting grounds, when first known to the 
 pale faces. On the Colorado plains east of 
 the mountains and north of the Arkansas 
 river, ranged the Arapahoes and Cheyennes; 
 and, in the same region, south of this stream, 
 the Comanches and Kiowas. In the moun- 
 tains, and sometimes foraging into the edge 
 of the plains, and also ranging west into 
 Utah, were the Utes and Pah-Utes, of which 
 there were seven principal divisions or tribes. 
 The Navajoes roamed along the tributaries 
 of the San Juan in the southwestern part of 
 the state, while the more war like and blood 
 thirsty Apaches held a wide range from 
 the Rio Grande to the Gila river. The 
 Crows, Blackfeet, Pawnees, several tribes of 
 the savage Sioux, Kickapoos, Cherokees, 
 Kansas, Omahas, Cherokees, and other tribes, 
 at various times frequented the plains of 
 Colorado. War and pursuit of game, and 
 especially the bison or buffalo, brought many 
 of the aborigines to this section, often re- 
 sulting in hostilities and many a hard fought 
 battle. The tribes represented in the main, 
 the Shoshonean and Athapascan stock of the 
 Indian race. Only one tribe now remains in 
 Colorado, the Southern Utes, in the extreme 
 southwestern part of the state, their reser- 
 vation being in the region of the Cliff Dwell- 
 ers. It seems the irony of fate, that the last 
 
of the Indians in this State, should be amid 
 the ruins and waste of the prehistoric people 
 of this section, that have disappeared. They 
 have left their history in the place-names of 
 the west, from Utah (Utahs or Utes) to those 
 of cities, towns, rivers, counties, and moun- 
 tain peaks. More of their history also ap- 
 pears in connection with the settlements 
 made by the white man, and the fierce wars 
 between the latter, and his red foe. The 
 Bison has perished from the range. Of the 
 
 millions that once fed upon the plains and 
 valleys, none remain, except those in parks 
 and reservations set apart for their preserva- 
 tion. The deer, elk, mountain sheep, wild 
 goat, and antelope are protected by law, but 
 their fate seems as inevitable as that of the 
 remnant Utes in Colorado, who now read 
 their fate in the shadows of the Cliff Dweller 
 ruins, which tell the pitiful story of prehis- 
 toric man in this region. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 Spanish and French Explorers. 
 
 PANIARDS were the first ex- 
 plorers of what is now Colo- 
 rado, but the records are not 
 clear as to who led the first 
 expedition. Francisco Vas- 
 quez de Coronado, born in 
 Salmanaca; married a 
 daughter of Alonso de Es- 
 trada, royal treasurer of New Spain; ex- 
 plored New Mexico and the great plains to 
 the northeast in his expedition of 1540-2; is 
 supposed to have passed through southeast- 
 ern Colorado in 1541. It may be considered 
 a matter of serious doubt, whether Coronado 
 or any of his cavaliers ever trod upon Colo- 
 rado soil. Castaneda, the historian of the 
 expedition does not clearly disclose any such 
 fact, but as the geography of this region had 
 not been established, and the records of the 
 journey, at times, are very indefinite, it can- 
 not be stated positively that neither Coro- 
 nado nor any of his subordinates, may not 
 have traversed a part of this state, along the 
 southern boundary or extreme southeastern 
 section. The first Europeans to explore over- 
 land, the trans-Mississippi, was Cabeza de 
 Vaca with three companions, Alonso del Cas- 
 tillo Maldonado, Andres Dorantes, and Este- 
 vanico, the latter an Arabian Negro slave, 
 these four being survivors of the ill fated 
 Panfilo de Narvaez expedition. Narvaez had 
 sailed from Spain in June, 1527, with five 
 ships and 600 men, for the Gulf coast. His 
 fleet, after losing by desertions at Espanola 
 and Cuba, was driven by storm to Tampa 
 bay on the west coast of Florida, where he 
 landed with 400 men and eighty horses in 
 April, 1528. Narvaez divided his army in 
 May, he leading an inland expedition of 300 
 men and forty horses, instructing his vessels 
 to follow the coast with his remaining forces, 
 left on board, but they were never re-united. 
 After suffering many hardships, and not being 
 joined by the fleet, and meeting losses from 
 hostilities and sickness, Narvaez built boats 
 of frail structure, in which he embarked the 
 remainder of his expedition. Through pesti- 
 lence, shipwrecks, warring with savages, 
 there finally remained but nine survivors of 
 this land force. Five of these were never 
 afterwards heard from, and the other four 
 
 comprised the party led by Vaca, who should 
 be known as the "Robinson Crusoe" of 
 American history. Although Vaca and his 
 companions have been credited by some with 
 a more northern route, they really wandered 
 west through Texas and probably through 
 a corner of New Mexico, in their travels, ar- 
 riving at San Miguel, New Galicia, April 1, 
 1536. The story of Vaca and his companions 
 revived the idea of conquest, and search for 
 gold. Preliminary to a more pretentious 
 expedition, Coronado dispatched Fray Marcos 
 de Nizza with a small party to investigate. 
 They visited New Mexico, and on their re- 
 turn, related marvelous tales of the new 
 country, and the great wealth of the wonder- 
 ful Seven Cities of Cibola. The result was 
 the well known historical expedition of 
 Coronado, with its many disappointments. 
 The Seven Cities of Cibola, instead of being 
 populous and abounding in treasures of gold 
 and silver, proved only to be the seven poor 
 pueblos of the Zuni of New Mexico. However, 
 Coronado did not remain inactive, but began 
 investigating for himself. He dispatched 
 Pedro de Tobar to subdue Tusayan, supposed 
 to be the Moqui villages, and now known as 
 the Hopi. Thus those primitive tribes, the 
 Zuni and the Hopi, probably kinsman of the 
 prehistoric Cliff Dwellers of Colorado, early 
 came in contact with European explorers. 
 Although this humble people were not the 
 possessors of expected wealth, there was ever 
 the repeated story, common to Spanish ex- 
 ploration, of something still beyond. The 
 Moqui told of a great river, where lived tall 
 men. This information caused Coronado to 
 send Garcia de Cardenas to explore the river 
 and learn of this new people. He discovered 
 this river, and reported that the banks were 
 so high that they seemed to be elevated three 
 or four leagues in the air. This was, without 
 doubt, the first view that Europeans had, of 
 the Grand Canon of the Colorado, and was 
 associated by them with the Rio Del Tizon, so 
 named near its mouth. After sending out and 
 making other expeditions, Coronado was now 
 told by one, known as El Turco (The Turk) 
 of the wonderful city of Quivira, abounding 
 in wealth, far to the northeast. In the spring 
 of 1541, he started in search of this mythical 
 
city, traveling east and northeast, Accord- 
 ing to the chronicler of the expedition, the 
 Quivera of boasted wealth, proved to be 
 nothing more than a few straw huts. In re- 
 ply to the exasperated Spaniards, who de- 
 manded an explanation, the Turk admitted 
 his deception, and said that he had guided 
 them into this region, with the hope that they 
 would perish. He was then strangled for 
 his perfidy. In the general account that is 
 given, it is impossible to draw accurate data. 
 Large streams were seen, and crossed. Some 
 have thought they may have included the 
 Arkansas, Platte, and Missouri. It is pos- 
 sible that Coronado entered Colorado, and 
 if so, probably he traversed on his return trip, 
 the southern plains of the state. 
 
 Colorado may have been visited next, by 
 Spaniards who came not from Mexico, but 
 from the Mississippi river. After the death 
 of De Soto in May, 1542, and his burial in 
 the Mississippi river, the command devolved 
 upon Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado, who in 
 July that year made an expedition to the 
 plains, traveling west and northwest. Gen- 
 eral and indefinite descriptions and state- 
 ments again, as with Coronado, throw doubt 
 upon the exact route taken by Moscoso. The 
 plains of western Kansas are supposed, by 
 some, to have been reached, and possibly 
 Colorado, along the Arkansas river, and even 
 that he continued to the Rocky Mountains. 
 Be that as it may, one of his scouting parties 
 reported to Moscoso, "that they saw great 
 chains of mountains, and forests, to the west, 
 which they understood were uninhabited." 
 Moscoso or some of his men may have trod 
 Colorado soil, but it is doubtful, and may be 
 considered more as a possibility than a proba- 
 bility. Thus the expeditions of Coronado 
 and De Soto have been connected with the 
 early explorations of Colorado. They were 
 the best equipped and most pretentious that 
 Spain had sent into the interior of this region 
 in search of gold and for the extension of her 
 domain by conquest. 
 
 Fray Juan de Padilla, a Franciscan, who 
 had accompanied Coronado in his expedition 
 to Quivira, a few years later started again 
 for the latter place, to engage in missionary 
 work, and may have passed through the 
 plains of this state. Nothing definite was 
 ever ascertained as to his fate, but he is said 
 to have received a martyr's reward. Friars, 
 rather than armed men, for some time, con- 
 tinued to make journeys to the northward, 
 probably not farther than the pueblos of New 
 Mexico, where some of them met death. In 
 1582, Don Antonio de Espejo was dispatched 
 to investigate the fate of the friars. He pro- 
 ceeded far up the Rio Grande, but it cannot 
 be definitely stated whether or not, he ad- 
 
 vanced beyond the northern boundary of New 
 Mexico. In 1595, but there is a conflict of 
 dates, some placing 1591 as the year, Don 
 Juan de Onate, led an expedition that effected 
 the conquest of New Mexico, followed by 
 exploration in Colorado. He was a wealthy 
 resident of Zacatecas, son of Don Cristobal; 
 married Dona Isabel, granddaughter of Cor- 
 tez and great granddaughter of Montezuma. 
 His conquests and exploring journeys occu- 
 pied several years. He followed up the Rio 
 Grande, exploring the San Luis Valley, Colo- 
 rado, and reported finding gold, near what is 
 now Fort Garland, where he worked gold 
 and silver mines. He was a colonizer and 
 progressive man. The older Chama, on the 
 Chama river near its confluence with the 
 Rio Grande, was founded by him, and re- 
 mains to the present time. He is also re- 
 ported to have traversed the plains, about 
 1601 between the Arkansas and South Platte 
 rivers, possibly projecting his journey as far 
 east as the Missouri. 
 
 A somewhat mythical story has been pub- 
 lished, that in 1595, an expedition led by 
 Borilla, who was later killed by a subordi- 
 nate officer, Humano, the latter taking com- 
 mand, probably crossed the Colorado plains 
 in a journey to the northeast. 
 
 In 1662, Diego Penalosa, Governor of 
 New Mexico, is reported to have conducted 
 an expedition from Santa Fe across the plains 
 of Kansas, to the Missouri river. It may not 
 be necessary to solve the question as to 
 whether he may have traversed southeastern 
 Colorado, as the expedition and the account 
 thereof, has by some been considered a hoax 
 and a fabrication in modern parlance, an 
 historical "pipe dream." 
 
 The revolt by the natives under Pope, a 
 San Juan Indian, which caused a retreat of 
 the Spaniards about 1680, interfered with 
 further explorations until after they had been 
 again subdued in 1693 by Diego de Vargas, 
 and peace made on the condition that the 
 Indians should no longer be compelled to work 
 as slaves in the mines. About this time the 
 Spaniards became apprehensive of the ad- 
 vances that had been made into the interior 
 by the French, whose trappers and hunters 
 had been trailing up the rivers and streams 
 to the west and northwest. In 1719, An- 
 tonio Valverde y Cosio led a force northward 
 to punish the Utes and Comanches for the 
 depredations which they had been committing 
 against the Spaniards and friendly Indians. 
 His force consisted of 105 men and thirty 
 Indians, which was largely increased by a 
 reinforcement of Apaches. On this expe- 
 dition, Valverde explored the plains of Colo- 
 rado and western Kansas, and is credited with 
 following the course of the South Platte in 
 
 10 
 
this state. Jealous and uneasy as to the 
 movements of the French on the frontier, an 
 expedition was sent out from Santa Fe, pro- 
 ceeding northwest, which means that they 
 may have skirted the plains of southeastern 
 Colorado, to Missouri. Through Indian 
 treachery this force was annihilated. From 
 a colony established at Taos, where Pondo, 
 a Spaniard had located in 1745, some Spanish 
 settlements sprang up along the Arkansas 
 river in Colorado, and adjacent territory. 
 It is claimed that one of these was Las Animas 
 on the Arkansas river, at or near the mouth 
 of the Purgatoire, and another, more of a 
 military stockade or picket-post on the 
 Huerfano river, to guard the Sangre de Cristo 
 pass on the east. Tomas Valez Cachupin, 
 who became governor at Santa Fe in 1749, 
 encouraged expeditions into Colorado, and 
 especially the San Juan region of the' south- 
 west, in search of gold and silver, but ore 
 not being found in paying quantities, per- 
 manent settlements were not made. 
 
 Juan Maria Rivera, accompanied by Don 
 Joaquin Lain, Pedro Mora, Gregorio Sandoval, 
 and others, conducted an expedition into the 
 southwestern and western part of Colorado, 
 in 1761, proceeding as far as the Gunnison 
 river, leaving many traces seen by their suc- 
 cessors, where they had engaged in mining. At 
 the earnest solicitation of Padre Junipero 
 Serra, in charge of the California Catholic 
 missions, an effort was made to open an over- 
 land route from Santa Fe to the Pacific coast. 
 Padres Francisco Silvestre Valez Escalante, 
 and Atanacio Dominguez organized a party, 
 as the result of this agitation, in 1776, with 
 Don Joaquin Lain of the former Rivera ex- 
 pedition, as guide. On July 29, they left 
 Santa Fe, and after reaching Colorado, and 
 passing through Archuleta county, touched 
 the San Juan river, August 5. They left 
 more place-names in this state than any who 
 came before them. They crossed several 
 streams whose names, then given, are still 
 retained, as Piedra, Parada, Pinos, and 
 Florida. They named the La Plata river, 
 San Joaquin, and the eastern La Plata moun- 
 tains, Sierra de la Grulla. Reference is made 
 to the ruins of what are now known as the 
 Cliff Dwellings. Leaving the Dolores, they 
 traversed the Gypsum valley, or Cajon del 
 Yeso, as it is still known. The San Miguel 
 river was called Rio San Pedro. Reaching 
 the Uncompahgre river, spelled "Ancapagari" 
 by Escalante, it was named by him, San 
 Francisco. Arriving at the Gunnison river, 
 called Tomichi by the natives, he changed it 
 to San Javier. What was designated as the 
 Rio Santa Monica, probably corresponds 
 with the north branch of the north fork of 
 the Gunnison. The Rio San Antonia Matir, 
 
 was the present Divide Creek. The North 
 and South Mam Buttes were given the names 
 of San Silvestre (for Escalante himself), and 
 Nebuncari, and Mam creek, that of Santa 
 Rosalia. Crossing the San Rafael or Grand 
 river, and probably passing over the Book 
 Cliffs, their course led them northwest to the 
 White river, which was called San Clemente, 
 arriving there September 9, at or near the 
 Utah line. The diary of this journey, as 
 kept by Escalante as one of the most valuable 
 documents relating to the early explorations 
 of this region, and Colorado especially. 
 
 The same unsatisfactory data as to the 
 routes taken, and extent of the same, charac- 
 terize the work of the early French, as with 
 the Spanish. They came later than the 
 Spaniards, but long before the Americans ex- 
 plored the plains and mountains of the west. 
 In 1712, a party of French adventurers ad- 
 vanced far west into the plains, but it is not 
 known whether they reached the Rocky 
 Mountains or not probably not. The con- 
 cessions that the king of France had given 
 Crozat in 1712, for a term of fifteen years, in 
 Louisiana, added a stimulating influence. 
 Trappers, hunters, and explorers were en- 
 couraged to penetrate further into the in- 
 terior, and they began ascending the rivers 
 to more distant points, and to extend themselves 
 more over the plains towards the mountains. 
 Colorado was on the confines of disputed 
 territory. The new spirit that permeated 
 the fur trade with the advent of the Crozat 
 regime, influenced an alert policy with the 
 western leaders of both nations. Crozat sent 
 out expeditions to establish friendly rela- 
 tions, in commerce, with the Spanish, up the 
 Arkansas, none of which seem to have reached 
 Colorado. In 1717, Bourgmont, a French ex- 
 plorer on the Missouri, heard the stories from 
 the Panis (Pawnees) of a great river or lakes 
 to the west. The French became imbued 
 with the idea, that with explorations they 
 would be able to establish a trade with the 
 Japanese and Chinese. Although Bourg- 
 mont was prominent in the plains region, he 
 is not known positively to have reached Colo- 
 rado, at least at this time. In 1719, Du Tis- 
 senet is supposed to have visited the Pawnees 
 and western Kansas, not coming to this state, 
 but only far enough to alarm the Spanish. 
 A Spanish expedition in 1720 to the Mis- 
 souri river, was wiped out by Indians, friendly 
 to the French, and thus this region became a 
 scene of activity and watchfulness. In 1722, 
 Bourgmont, a knight of the Order of St. 
 Louis, again coming west, establishing military 
 posts in Missouri and Kansas, and proceeding 
 still westward, making treaties with the 
 Indians, may have reached the Colorado line, 
 or came near to it. He made another expe- 
 
 11 
 
clition up the Missouri river and then far west 
 on the plains in 1724 for the same purpose, 
 trying to break up the Spanish trade and in- 
 fluence with the Indians. In 1739, the Mal- 
 let brothers, two French explorers are credited 
 with following the South Platte and probably 
 visiting the present site of Denver. In 1762, 
 France by secret treaty transferred all of 
 Louisiana in the Trans-Mississippi, together 
 with the Island of New Orleans, east of the 
 
 river, to Spain. This lessened the friction in 
 the hunting and trapping region, but before 
 finally yielding to the change, some of the 
 malcontents among the French leaders, at 
 New Orleans were tried and hung. Later ,\ a 
 re-deeding of Louisiana by Spain, to France, 
 and the sale of this great province to the 
 United States in 1803, opened the American 
 period of exploration, in which Colorado be- 
 comes especially prominent. 
 
 12 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 American Explorers Hunters and Trappers. 
 
 ITH the cession of the Pro- 
 vince of Louisiana by France 
 to the United States in 1803, 
 there was opened a new field 
 for the explorer. The cen- 
 tennial of that purchase has 
 been celebrated by a World's 
 Fair at St. Louis, and Ameri- 
 can heroism has added its century link to the 
 historical chain of Spanish and French ex- 
 ploration. Lewis and Clark in 1804-6, ex- 
 plored the northwest and the Oregon country, 
 and Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike, 
 the headwaters of the Mississippi, in 1805-6. 
 A third expedition was then planned in con- 
 tinuing the investigation of the resources of 
 this new acquisition, and Lieut. Pike was de- 
 tailed to explore the plains and the Rocky 
 Mountains. As with the Spanish and French, 
 there was the wandering gold seeker, hunter 
 and trapper. Even before the purchase, 
 Americans were beginning to find their way 
 into this western land, and especially, soon 
 thereafter. About 1804, William Morrison, 
 a merchant of Kaskaskia, sent Le Lande, 
 a French Creole, with a quantity of goods, 
 with instructions to proceed west and up the 
 Platte river, and thence across to Santa Fe, 
 with the intention of establishing trade in 
 that direction. He may have been the first 
 American to traverse Colorado. He is said 
 to have disposed of his merchandise, appro- 
 priated the proceeds to his own use, and be- 
 come a resident of Santa Fe. It may be that 
 the credit should be given to James Pursley 
 (or Purcell) who was exploring the plains and 
 foothills, if not the mountains of Colorado, 
 about 1805. Some have placed the date at 
 1802-4. Pike found Pursley at Santa Fe. 
 The latter had gold which had been obtained 
 by him on the Platte, but he had re- 
 fused to disclose the locality of his discovery 
 to the Spanish. Pursley has been heralded 
 as a patriot for this act, as the development 
 of his discovery, might have encouraged such 
 an influx of Spaniards, that it would have 
 changed the civilisation of a considerable 
 part of this region, for the southern and west- 
 ern parts of Colorado were then still Spanish 
 territory. James Pursley was from Bards- 
 
 town, Kentucky, but some recent investi- 
 gation is leading to the belief that Pike, in 
 recording the adventures of the former, made 
 a mistake in writing the name "Pursley" 
 and that the correct spelling is "Purcell." 
 
 Lieut. Pike, the most illustrious of Colo- 
 rado explorers, and son of an officer in the 
 American Revolution, was born near Trenton, 
 New Jersey, January 5, 1779. He became a 
 brigadier general in the War of 1812, and lost 
 his life in the battle of York (Toronto), 
 Canada. The Centennial of his discovery of 
 the peak that bears his name, was celebrated 
 at Colorado Springs, with imposing cere- 
 monies. Pike's sword, the one he was wear- 
 ing, when he received his death wounds at the 
 battle of York, is now in the State Museum, at 
 the Capitol Building, Denver. 
 
 Lieut. Pike left St. Louis, on this, his sec- 
 ond expedition, July 15, 1806. Under in- 
 structions from the War Department, he 
 was to explore the headwaters of the Arkan- 
 sas and Red rivers, and establish the author- 
 ity of the national government over the Indian 
 tribes of this region. A surgeon, an interpreter, 
 and twenty-one soldiers accompanied him. 
 He was also instructed while en route, to 
 conduct about fifty Osage captives to their 
 people. The expedition ascended the Mis- 
 souri river, and later, after returning the cap- 
 tive Indians, Pike started overland for the 
 Pawnee country in Kansas. Thence con- 
 tinuing their journey, the Arkansas river was 
 reached. Lieut. Wilkinson, with five men, on 
 October 28, separated from the command, 
 descending that stream, the remainder 
 under Pike, resuming their journey into the 
 wilderness beyond them, in the west. On 
 November 15, Pike discovered the peak that 
 was later named in his honor, making the 
 following entry in his journal: 
 
 "After passing large herds of buffalo, at 
 about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I thought 
 I could distinguish a mountain to our right, 
 which appeared like a blue cloud; viewed it 
 with a spy glass, and was still more confirmed 
 in my conjecture, yet only communicated it 
 to Dr. Robinson, who was in front of me, but 
 in half an hour, they appeared in full view be- 
 fore us. When our small party arrived on 
 
 13 
 
the hill, they with one accord, gave three 
 cheers for the Mexican Mountains." 
 
 Continuing their journey for several days, 
 they encamped on November 23, at the mouth 
 of a small tributary of the Arkansas, and the 
 day following, at this place, constructed a 
 crude fortification. This picket post or stock- 
 ade was the first erected by an American in 
 Colorado. On the 24th, leaving a part of 
 his command to guard the fort and supplies, 
 Pike started to explore the peak. He as- 
 cended what is supposed to have been Chey- 
 enne Mountain, only to discover that the 
 "grand peak" was still beyond. After buf- 
 feting with deep snows, they descended to 
 their camp. Pike never was on the peak that 
 was later given his name. On the 29th they 
 rejoined those at the fort, on the Arkansas. 
 Resuming their journey up this stream, they 
 finally encamped near the entrance of the 
 Royal Gorge and the site of Canon City, 
 from which point, Pike explored a part of 
 South Park. Constructing another fort at 
 Canon City, and leaving a small guard there 
 with his supplies, he resumed his journey 
 over the mountains. After passing up what 
 is supposed to have been Grape Creek 
 Canon, thence through the Wet Mountain 
 Valley, he crossed the Sangre de Cristo range, 
 probably through Mosca Pass, into the San 
 Luis Park, or Valley. Continuing, and cross- 
 ing the Rio Grande, he established his camp 
 lower down, and some little distance up the 
 Conejos, on what is now considered to have 
 been the ranch of Gov. Mclntire of Colorado, 
 where he constructed another fort. Here he 
 raised his flag, being the first record of an 
 American flag raising in this state. He was 
 now in Spanish territory, for he thought the 
 Rio Grande was Red River. Here he was 
 arrested by the Spaniards and taken to Santa 
 Fe, in the meantime, collecting his scattered 
 command. Pike and his men suffered in- 
 tensely from cold and hunger, and under- 
 went many hardships and privations, which 
 were patiently and heroically borne. Pike 
 reached Natchitoches in Louisiana, July 1, 
 1807, on his return. 
 
 In 1807, Ezekiel Williams, a noted trapper 
 and hunter, was placed in command of twenty 
 frontiersmen, to conduct Big White, who had 
 accompanied Lewis and Clark on their re- 
 turn in 1806, to the home of his people in 
 the Mandan country. That year, the same 
 in which Pike returned, Williams left St. 
 Louis, traveling overland, for the Rocky 
 Mountains. Delivering Big White in safety 
 to the Mandans, Ezekiel Williams and his 
 men, who had come equipped for that pur- 
 pose, intended hunting and trapping in the 
 northwest and along the Columbia. But 
 meeting with reverses and losses of men in 
 
 14 
 
 battles with the Blackfeet, the remnant of 
 the party drifted south along the eastern 
 base of the Rocky Mountains. There was 
 almost continuous warfare with the Indians, 
 gradually reducing the party to a few sur- 
 vivors. Rose, one of the expedition, became 
 a renegade among the Crows. In 1808, Wil- 
 liams reached the South Platte with about 
 eight men. They were finally killed off by 
 Indians, (their last fight probably being in the 
 vicinity of what is now Pueblo,) except Wil- 
 liams, James Workman, and Samuel Spencer. 
 This was the first Indian struggle between 
 Americans and Indians in Colorado. They 
 separated, Workman and Spencer, crossing 
 the mountains to California and after en- 
 during the greatest hardships, returned later 
 to Santa Fe, where for a number of years 
 they engaged in merchandising. Williams 
 descended the Arkansas in a canoe, thence 
 overland among friendly Indians, and reached 
 the Boone's Lick settlements, now Howard 
 county, Missouri. In 1809, he returned and 
 obtained the furs which he had cached in 
 Colorado. Ezekiel Williams was one of the 
 defenders of old Fort Cooper, in the Boone's 
 Lick region, one of several forts there erected 
 by the pioneers, to protect themselves from 
 the Indians during the War of 1812. Later 
 he became prominent on the Santa Fe Trail. 
 
 August Pierre Choteau and twenty-one 
 others made an expedition from St. Louis 
 to the South Platte region in Colorado in 
 1817. Later captured by the Spanish on the 
 tributaries of the Arkansas, they were taken 
 to Santa Fe, where they were held as prison- 
 ers several weeks, some of them being in 
 chains. 
 
 In 1819, under the direction of John C. 
 Calhoun, Secretary of War, Major Stephen 
 H. Long was sent to the Rocky Mountains 
 with an exploring party, leaving Pittsburg, 
 May 5, that year. He spent the winter of 
 1819-20 at Council Bluffs, resuming his jour- 
 ney in the spring, and in June and July ex- 
 plored the headwaters of the South Platte, 
 which he followed from the plains. Continu- 
 ing south over the Divide, he reached the 
 site of Colorado Springs, encamping on the 
 Fontaine qui Bouille. The boiling spring 
 at Manitou was discovered, and Dr. James 
 with a small party ascended the great peak 
 on July 14, having started to climb the same 
 on the afternoon of the 13th. Major Long 
 named it James Peak, in honor of Dr. James, 
 the first to ascend this historic mountain. 
 This name was retained for a number of 
 years, until it was changed to Pike's Peak, for 
 the gallant American who first discovered it. 
 This distinction should be made, for this peak 
 had long been known to the Spaniards in 
 their northern journeys. Another peak 
 
now bears the name of James, for this bold 
 explorer, and Long's peak abides as the name 
 for a lasting monument of the leader of this 
 expedition. Still continuing to the south and 
 west they reached the Arkansas, discovered 
 the mineral springs at Canon City, and the 
 entrance to the Royal Gorge, but no mention 
 is made as to any ruins they may have seen of 
 Pike's old fort. Returning, the expedition 
 was divided, Captain Bell with eleven men 
 going down the Arkansas, while Major Long, 
 with nine others started southward to explore 
 the Red River, and after traveling in New 
 Mexico and to the eastward, reached Fort 
 Smith, September 13, 1820. The unfavorable 
 report that Long made concerning this region 
 as to its future in agriculture, caused the 
 words "Great American Desert" to be placed 
 on the map, a misfortune that for decades 
 impeded the growth and development of this 
 section. 
 
 About 1821, Hugh Glenn, an Indian trader, 
 trailed up the Arkansas to the mountains, 
 and remained through the winter, in what is 
 now Colorado. A general activity now per- 
 vaded the western country, more especially 
 in trapping, hunting, and trading with In- 
 dians. While William H. Ashley, Manuel 
 Lisa, Jim Bridger, Capt. Bonneville, and 
 others were occupied more in the northwest, 
 yet, important events were taking place along 
 the South Platte and Arkansas, and more 
 especially the latter. Although some earlier 
 but unsatisfactory attempts had been made to 
 open up from the east, a trade with Santa 
 Fe, yet new conditions offered an outlook 
 auspicious for the future. The Spaniards 
 had opposed commercial relations with others 
 in the interior, and had ever been jealous of 
 the French, and later of the Americans, in 
 their approaches to the west. But in 1821, 
 Old Mexico had thrown off the yoke of Spain, 
 and soon thereafter was opened with Santa 
 Fe what has long been known as the 
 "Commerce of the Prairies." Captain Beck- 
 nell from the town of old Franklin, now the 
 bottom of the Missouri river, Howard county, 
 Missouri, in 1821-2, started expeditions that 
 led to establishing the Santa Fe Trail. In 
 crossing from the Arkansas river to the Cim- 
 arron, Becknell and his men came near per- 
 ishing of hunger and thirst. In its earlier 
 history in Colorado, this trail had two routes, 
 one along the Cimarron, which included a 
 few miles in what is Baca county, in the ex- 
 treme southeastern part of the state, and the 
 other continuing further up the Arkansas 
 river, through Bent's Fort, and later cutting 
 off for Santa Fe. This trail has recently 
 been marked in Colorado by the Daughters 
 of the American Revolution, assisted by the 
 state, the general assembly appropriating 
 
 $2,000 for that purpose. The old official 
 survey of the trail in what is now Colorado, 
 by the government, continued it up the Ar- 
 kansas. The question arose as to which trail 
 should be marked. It was learned that in 
 Kansas, markers were being placed on both 
 the Arkansas river and the Cimarron routes, 
 and when the D. A. R. of Colorado 
 prepared a bill to be introduced in the legisla- 
 ture it was made broad enough to cover both 
 routes in its provisions. The Arkansas river 
 route has been marked, but none have yet 
 been placed on the few miles of the Cimarron 
 in Baca county. This trail in New Mexico 
 has also been marked, and the same plan is 
 to be carried out in Missouri, to the vicinity 
 of Old Franklin, and probably the old Boone's 
 Lick road to the east, its forerunner in the 
 wilderness from St. Charles, and from thence 
 to St. Louis. 
 
 The opening of the Santa Fe trail en- 
 couraged the trapping and trading interests 
 in this region, in which the Bent family, con- 
 sisting of several brothers, Kit Carson and 
 others were prominently identified. These 
 four brothers, William, George, Charles, and 
 Robert Bent, together with Ceran St. Vrain, 
 in 1826, constructed a stockade on the north 
 side of the Arkansas about mid-way between 
 what is now Canon City and Pueblo, but in 
 1828, moved it down the river some distance 
 below Pueblo. This new and larger fort was 
 named Fort William Bent, in honor of Wil- 
 liam Bent, but it was more commonly known 
 as "Bent's Fort." It was blown up by Wil- 
 liam Bent in 1852, and in 1853, near the site 
 of the more recent town of Robinson, he 
 erected a "New" Bent's Fort, which was 
 conducted as a trading post, until leased to 
 the U. S. government in 1859. Col. William 
 Bent then established himself in a new loca- 
 tion near the mouth of the Purgatory. The 
 name of the Fort Bent leased to the govern- 
 ment, was changed in 1860, to Fort Wise, and 
 later, in 1861, to Fort Lyon, to honor Gen. 
 Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at the battle 
 of Wilson Creek, in the civil war. Owing to 
 washouts, the fort was removed about 20 
 miles down the river in 1866. 
 
 In 1832, Louis Vasquez, a trader, built 
 a fort at the mouth of Clear Creek, then 
 known as the Vasquez Fork of the South 
 Platte. Five miles below Fort Vasquez, there 
 was soon after established Fort Sarpy, near 
 what is now the town of Henderson. About 
 twenty miles further down, Lupton construct- 
 ed Fort Lancaster, later the name being 
 changed to "Lupton," in honor of its builder. 
 Near the present town of Platteville, 
 was built Fort St. Vrain, and the old site of 
 the town of Brighton, was also used for a 
 pioneer fort. El Pueblo, a post on the Ar- 
 
 15 
 
kansas, a few miles above Fort William, was 
 more in the nature of a permanent settlement, 
 its few inhabitants being occupied in agri- 
 culture, and some stock raising, affording 
 something of a market for the hunters and 
 trappers, whose numbers were rapidly in- 
 creasing. Some Mormon families commonly 
 referred to as the "Mormon Battalion" 
 spent the winter of 1846-7 at Pueblo, leaving 
 in the summer for Salt Lake. Several chil- 
 dren were born to them that winter in Pueblo, 
 and a baby daughter in the Kelly family, it 
 has been claimed, was the first child born in 
 Colorado, not of either Indian or Spanish 
 blood. About 1850, Fort Massachusetts, was 
 built near the Sangre de Cristo pass, its 
 location being on Ute Creek, on the west side 
 of the main divide. There has recently been 
 some dispute as to the exact site of this old 
 fort, which was removed to Fort Garland in 
 1857. Lafayette Head, an American, ex- 
 tablished a Mexican colony at Conejos in 
 1854. Thus the ingress of frontiersmen, and 
 the opening of the Santa Fe Trail, led to the 
 establishment of forts by traders, and later 
 there followed feeble efforts at permanent 
 settlement, not to be fully realized until 
 later, for the period of American exploration 
 was not yet ended, and much was yet to be 
 accomplished in that line, and in the making 
 of treaties with the Indians. 
 
 Captain Bonneville has been credited with 
 touching what is now Colorado on his return 
 from the northwest in 1833, but if so, he was 
 never a prominent figure in the history of 
 this section. Although an officer in the army, 
 Bonneville had fitted out his expedition at 
 his own expense, and his name was dropped 
 from the army, but afterwards restored. The 
 next military expedition after Pike and Long, 
 that was of special importance to this region, 
 was that of Col. Henry Dodge in 1835. His 
 mission was not so much in the character of 
 an explorer, as to effect treaties with the In- 
 dians, and investigate the condition of affairs 
 along the then Mexican border. He was 
 accompanied by a well equipped body of 
 dragoons, consisting of forty men under Cap- 
 tain Lupton, thirty seven under Captain 
 Ford, and forty under Captain Duncan, two 
 swivels with which to over-awe the Indians, 
 and a train of wagons with a large quantity 
 of supplies. Col. Dodge left Fort Leaven- 
 worth, May 29, 1835, with Gaptain Gantt as 
 guide, and also having with his command, 
 Major Daugherty, the Pawnee Indian agent. 
 After holding councils with the several tribes 
 while en route, they came within sight of the 
 Rocky Mountains, July 15, while following 
 up the South Platte. Passing the mouth of 
 the Cache de la Poudre on the 18th, they ar- 
 rived on the 24th, at a point where the South 
 
 Platte emerges from the mountains. Con- 
 tinuing, they passed the vicinity of Manitou 
 and Colorado Springs, reaching Fort Bent on 
 August 6. In this locality he held councils 
 with the Arapahoes, Cheyennes, and other 
 tribes, and further down the Arkansas, with 
 the Comanches, and Kiowas, etc., reaching 
 Choteau's Island, the 24th; thence to Fort 
 Leavenworth, where he arrived September 
 16. Col. Dodge accomplished an import- 
 ant work quieting the Indians of the plains, 
 at the same time investigating their condition, 
 and obtaining valuable information for the 
 government. 
 
 The explorations of John C. Fremont, 
 which were begun under act of Congress, have 
 important features, linked with the history 
 of Colorado. In 1842, he started west with 
 a little more than twenty men. At the forks 
 of the Platte, he continued up the South Fork, 
 to Fort St. Vrain, while the main party fol- 
 lowed the North Fork en route to Fort 
 Laramie. There was nothing especially 
 eventful in this trip made by Fremont in 
 Colorado, and he soon after joined the remain- 
 der of the expedition at Fort Laramie, and 
 after exploring the South Pass, returned to 
 St. Louis. Kit Carson, the celebrated scout 
 and guide, and Lucien Maxwell, for whom the 
 Maxwell Land Grant is named, were com- 
 panions of Fremont on this expedition. It 
 was but the forerunner of others, for back of 
 it all was the scheme to establish an overland 
 route to the Pacific. Fremont came west 
 with his second party, numbering about 
 forty men, in 1843, and was accompanied 
 during a part of the journey, and into Colo- 
 rado, by William Gilpin, who in 1861, was 
 appointed governor of this territory. After 
 reaching Fort St. Vrain, Fremont made sev- 
 eral detours, exploring the plains, extending 
 his investigation to the vicinity of Colorado 
 Springs, and the small settlement at Pueblo 
 on the Arkansas. Collecting his scattered 
 detachments, after exploring the sources of 
 the South Platte and the Arkansas, he re- 
 sumed his journey to the Pacific coast. Re- 
 turning from California, he entered Colorado 
 from Utah, continuing up Grand river, which 
 region then abounded with vast herds of 
 buffalo. He crossed the mountains at a 
 point later known as Fremont Pass. Emerg- 
 ing from the mountains, they followed the 
 Arkansas river, visiting Pueblo and Bent's 
 Fort, the latter on July 1, 1844, thence to 
 St. Louis which ended their journey, on 
 August 6. 
 
 In 1845, Fremont with nearly an hundred 
 men started on his third exploring tour- 
 Kit Carson, who had accompanied him on his 
 former expeditions, and others of well known 
 and tried frontiersmen, were again his com- 
 
 16 
 
panions. Departing from Bent's Fort, soon 
 after reaching that point early in August, 
 they journeyed up the Arkansas and over the 
 mountains, through Grand Valley, into Utah, 
 thence to the great Salt Lake, and on to 
 California, where Fremont, the following year, 
 participated in the struggle California made 
 for independence. In the Mexican war that 
 ensued, several detachments of the American 
 army rendezvoused in the Arkansas valley 
 near Bent's Fort, and some returned from 
 that war by the same route. In 1847 Gilpin 
 conducted an expedition against the Indians 
 in southwestern Colorado and contiguous re- 
 gion. 
 
 Fremont, now becoming known as the 
 "Pathfinder," left St. Louis Oct. 14, 1848 on 
 his fourth expedition for the west, this time, 
 it being a private enterprise. He started 
 for Bent's Fort with thirty-three men and 
 120 mules, and later, passing by Wagon Wheel 
 Gap in mid-winter, attempted to cross the 
 San Juan Mountains in Colorado. Here, en- 
 countering blizzards and intensely cold 
 weather, and wandering in the deep and 
 blinding snow storms, Fremont lost eleven of 
 his men and all his mules. He tried to place 
 the blame on old "Parson" Bill Williams, the 
 guide, who was one of the most experienced 
 in the west. However that may be, the expe- 
 dition here ended in disaster. The scattered 
 survivors of this party, finally arrived at 
 Taos, where Kit Carson rendered them hearty 
 and much needed assistance, together with 
 the army officers in that section. Through 
 their aid, Fremont was enabled to resume his 
 journey to California, where a little later he 
 was elected U. S. Senator. Fremont's fifth 
 expedition to explore the west was organized 
 in 1853, in the interest of a Pacific Railway. 
 Starting in September and traversing the 
 plains, thence up the Arkansas, he crossed the 
 Sangre de Cristo into the San Juan country. 
 The Utes were hostile, and their supply of 
 provisions ran low. They became so re- 
 duced, that they were compelled to kill their 
 horses for food, and also ate the pulp of cactus. 
 They each took an oath that they would not 
 eat human flesh. Probably this oath was 
 imposed because of the rumor, that when 
 eleven of Fremont's men perished in the San 
 Juan blizzards in his fourth expedition, it was 
 reported that some of the starving survivors 
 had feasted on the bodies of their dead com- 
 rades. After almost starving, and intense 
 suffering, wandering westward from Grand 
 river, they finally reached a point, where they 
 were succored by the Mormons. 
 
 About this time another historic explorer 
 entered the boundary of what is now Colorado. 
 He came not from the east, but from the west. 
 He was Marcus Whitman, the bold and 
 
 intrepid missionary of the northwest. The 
 Ashburton-Webster treaty was under con- 
 sideration, and many questions involving the 
 interests of the Oregon country, were agi- 
 tating the public mind. Knowing the value 
 of the now great northwest, and the fear that 
 it might be lost, or at least American interests 
 there endangered, Marcus Whitman made his 
 historical continental ride in the winter of 
 1842-3. England wanted Oregon, and it was 
 to save Oregon that Whitman made his ride 
 of over 4,000 miles, the most famous in 
 American history. It was then October, 
 and winter had set in on the mountain 
 ranges, but this did not deter Whitman. 
 With Amos Lawrence Lovejoy, who ac- 
 companied him as far as eastern Colorado, 
 and a guide, and two or three pack animals, 
 he started on this perilous journey. From 
 Fort Hall to Fort Uintah, they encoun- 
 tered terrible weather, and lost much 
 time owing to the deep snows. At the latter 
 fort a new guide was employed, and a fresh 
 start made "for Fort Uncompahgre on Grand 
 river in Spanish territory," (western Colorado 
 then being a part of Mexico). The storms in 
 the mountains compelled them to seek shelter 
 in a dark defile, and here ten day's time was 
 lost. Their guide now admitted that he 
 could not find his way, and would go no fur- 
 ther. Whitman returned to the fort for a 
 new guide, leaving Lovejoy with the remain- 
 ing horses, which he fed on cottonwood bark. 
 Whitman came back in seven days with 
 another guide and the journey was resumed. 
 Grand river was reached and described as 
 being 600 yards wide and frozen about a 
 third the distance on each bank. The guide 
 said it was too dangerous to cross, but Whit- 
 man nothing daunted, made the first attempt. 
 Mounting his horse, Lovejoy and the guide 
 pushed them off the ice, into the foaming, 
 boiling stream. Whitman and his horse 
 went under, but after buffeting the waves and 
 current, started for the other bank, and far 
 below, leaping on the ice, he pulled up his 
 horse by his side. Lovejoy and the guide 
 then successfully followed. Traversing south- 
 western Colorado, they arrived at Taos, 
 thence went to Bent's Fort, which was reached 
 Jan. 3, 1843. It was after a four month's 
 journey that he arrived in Washington where 
 he informed President Tyler and other offi- 
 cials of the true condition in Oregon. 
 
 In the Spring of 1853, Captain John W. 
 Gunnison, under the direction of the Secre- 
 tary of War, conducted an expedition through 
 this section, exploring a desirable route for a 
 projected railroad to the Pacific coast. Fol- 
 lowing the Kansas river and Smoky Hill 
 route, he arrived at Bent's Fort, which they 
 found in ruins. Continuing west, they crossed 
 
 17 
 
what is now known as La Veta Pass. Leav- 
 ing Fort Massachsuetts August 23, the San 
 Luis Valley was traversed to Cochetopa Pass, 
 thence through the mountains to that region, 
 where the names of Gunnison county and the 
 Gunnison river, now bear his own. The 
 Black canon being impassible, they took a 
 course towards what are now Montrose and 
 Delta. Blue river was the name applied 
 to the Gunnison. They followed the Grand 
 for some distance, and on the Sevier river in 
 Utah, the brave explorer met his death. 
 When eating breakfast, just before sunrise, 
 they were attacked by the Pah-Utes. Fifteen 
 arrows were shot into the body of Captain 
 Gunnison, and, that they might be sure of 
 his death, the Indians cut out his heart. 
 
 One of the interesting expeditions through 
 Colorado, was connected with the Mormon 
 troubles in 1857, when Gen. Albert Sidney 
 Johnston was sent against them with a large 
 body of troops. Their provisions running 
 short, Captain Marcy was dispatched to 
 Taos, New Mexico, with Jim Baker as guide, 
 for supplies. It was a perilous and hazard- 
 ous trip, in which many hardships were en- 
 dured, but they were successful. At the 
 time of his visit to Denver, during a cele- 
 bration of the Festival of Mountain and 
 Plain, Jim Baker, the old scout, pointed out 
 the probable site of their camp, when Marcy's 
 relief party passed this way. 
 
 Although other explorers, surveyors and 
 expeditions, about this time, and later, came 
 to Colorado, the period of frontier exploration 
 and that of the trapper and the trader, had 
 reached its zenith and started on its decline. 
 For more than 300 years the region now em- 
 braced in Colorado, was historically con- 
 nected with the explorations of the Spanish, 
 French and American. No prominent set- 
 tlements had been established, but the build- 
 ing of the frontier posts was leading the way 
 to more permanent advancement. It was 
 an age of historic names. There were army 
 officers who later became distinguished in the 
 Civil War; scientists prominent in special 
 lines of research accompanied exploring expe- 
 ditions. In addition to those mentioned in 
 this sketch, could well be added Oliver P. 
 Wiggins, the aged scout, and companion of 
 Kit Carson, who still resides in Denver. 
 Recently there has been erected the handsome 
 monument in Denver, dedicated to the Colo- 
 rado pioneers, and the noble figure that 
 crowns it, is that of Kit Carson. There was 
 Maj. Fitzpatrick, who was the agent of the 
 Indians for the upper Arkansas, at the time 
 of his death, about 1855. He was succeeded 
 by Robert Miller, who was accompanied west 
 by a boy of eighteen John W. Prowers who 
 later (1861) established the .first permanent 
 
 herd of cattle down the Arkansas, their range 
 including the region between Caddo and the 
 mouth of the Purgatoire. Miller was suc- 
 ceeded by Col. A. G. Boone, Indian agent 
 and commissioner, through whom was made 
 the treaty with the Indians, whereby the 
 latter surrendered a large part of the plains 
 to the government. There were Col. Pfeiffer, 
 R. B. Willis, Rufus B. Sage, Tom Tobin, 
 Tom Boggs, Philander Simmons, Jim Beck- 
 wourth, Pattie, Nugent, Sir George Gore, for 
 whom the Gore range and Gore canon were 
 named, Chabonard, the Gerrys, John Paisal, 
 Peter A. Sarpy, Autobeas brothers, Robideau, 
 Dick Wooten, Tim Goodale, Maurice, Col. 
 John M. Francisco, and the list could well be 
 extended. Col. Pfeiffer, companion of Kit 
 Carson, was especially known in southern and 
 southwestern Colorado. Jim Beckwourth, part 
 negro, was with Louis Vasquez, at the latter's 
 fort, at the mouth of Vasquez Fork, now 
 Clear Creek, in the early trapping days. Col. 
 A. G. Boone, a grandson of Daniel Boone, 
 and secretary to Gen. William Ashley, 
 came west about 1824, and was associated with 
 the Bents, St. Vrain, Vasquez and Kit Carson. 
 J. O. Pattie, the trapper and trader, 
 in 1824, lived a life of thrilling adventures 
 some of which are described as having occured 
 in Colorado. J. A. Sarpy, of French descent, 
 was from St. Louis, and erected the old 
 trading post in Colorado that bore his name. 
 O. P. Wiggins first came to this region about 
 1834, and early saw service with the American 
 Fur Company, and now is one of the few sur- 
 vivors of the old time trappers. Col. John 
 M. Francisco came west in 1839, was at Fort 
 Massachusetts 1851, and was one of the 
 founders of La Veta, Colo. Godfrey and 
 Elbrige Gerrey, who were identified with the 
 fur trade in Colorado and the Rocky Mountain 
 region, are said to have been descendants of 
 Gerry who signed the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. The Autobeas brothers were es- 
 tablished on the Huerfano. R. L. (Dick) 
 Wooten, prominent, especially in the southern 
 part of the state, was also, for a short time 
 associated with the early settlement of Den- 
 ver. Ruxton Creek at Manitou, bears the 
 name of another well known explorer. The 
 story is told that Maurice, a French trader, 
 built in 1830, a fort on Adobe creek, in the 
 Arkansas valley, and there collected a small 
 Mexican settlement, which in 1838, assisted 
 by the Utes, defeated the Sioux and Arapa- 
 hoes, after a bloody fight. The Vigil, St. 
 Vrain, Maxwell, and other Spanish land grants 
 bring in the additional names of such men as 
 Lucien Maxwell who was with Fremont, 
 Beaubien, and others. John Smith, another 
 early trapper, was residing on the site of what 
 is now Denver, when the gold hunters came. 
 
 18 
 
Thomas E. Breckenridge, later of San Miguel, 
 Colorado, came near perishing with Fremont, 
 in the San Juan on his fourth expedition. 
 
 Francis Parkman visited the St. Vrain re- 
 gion in the early days. On June 23, 1911, 
 Centennial Chapter, D. A. R., Colorado, un- 
 veiled a granite shaft on the site of Fort St. 
 Vrain, on which there was the following in- 
 scription: "Fort St. Vrain, built about 1837 
 by Col. Ceran St. Vrain. General Fremont 
 reorganized his historic exploring expedition 
 here, July 23, 1843. This fort was also vis- 
 ited by Francis Parkman and Kit Carson." 
 George S. Simpson, coming west from St. 
 Louis about 1835-6, was identified with the 
 early history of Colorado and New Mexico as 
 a trader and merchant. He was with Cap- 
 tain Marcy and Jim Baker in the relief expe- 
 dition for Gen. Johnston's army in the lat- 
 ter's campaign against the Mormons in 1857. 
 When Marcy, in that journey, camped where 
 Denver now stands, George S. Simpson panned 
 out gold in Cherry Creek. He married in 
 Taos, N. M., Nov. 30, 1842, Miss Juana 
 Suaso of Spanish descent. While residing 
 at what is now Canon City, Colorado, in 
 1844, his daughter, Isabel, (later Mrs. .Jacob 
 Beard of Trinidad, Colo.,) was born near the 
 mouth of the Royal Gorge. It is claimed that 
 she is the first child of American and Spanish 
 blood, born within the boundaries of Colorado. 
 At his request, Simpson was buried in a tomb 
 cut in the solid rock, near Trinidad, known 
 as "Simpson's rest." Some act of vandalism 
 at this tomb, caused the Boy Scouts of Trini- 
 dad to bring before the General Assembly of 
 Colorado, in 1911, the question of protecting 
 monuments in this state. 
 
 The hunters, trappers and traders, must now 
 give way to the era soon to come that of 
 the gold hunters and the wild rush of thous- 
 ands to the Mountains. George S. Simpson, 
 
 of that older type the pre-mining era, made 
 known in a poem, his request to be buried in 
 ''Simpson's Rest." As it tells of the heart 
 and sentiment of a brave and heroic class of 
 the early Americans in the west, it is herewith 
 published. 
 
 Lay me at rest on yon towering height 
 Where the silent cloud shadows glide 
 Where solitude holds its slumberous reign 
 Far away from the human tide. 
 
 I fain would sleep near the old pine tree 
 That looks down on the valley below, 
 Like a soldier guarding a comrade's grave, 
 Or a sentinel watching the foe. 
 
 'Twas a refuge once, in the bygone time, 
 When a pitiful fate was near, 
 When my days were young and full of love 
 For a life I held too dear. 
 
 Through all the long years that have passed 
 
 away 
 
 Since that night of storm and dread 
 I've prayed that the boughs that sheltered me 
 
 then 
 Might wave o'er my dust when dead. 
 
 Delve deep my grave in the stern gray rock; 
 
 In its rigid embrace let me rest, 
 
 With naught but my name on the stone at my 
 
 head 
 And the symbol of faith on my breast. 
 
 One mourner may remember where sleeps 
 In his rock ribbed tomb, the lone dead, 
 May breathe for the loved one to heaven a 
 
 prayer, 
 A tear to his memory shed. 
 
 (To my administrators, executors and 
 assigns.) GEORGE S. SIMPSON. 
 
 19 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Discovery of Gold Wild Rush to the Pike's Peak Region: 
 
 N 1858, the discovery of gold 
 on Cherry Creek, at one 
 time the name of Denver 
 itself, opened a new era for 
 what is now Colorado. A 
 decade previous, gold had 
 also been found in Califor- 
 nia, and during that period 
 of ten years, tens of thousands had crossed and 
 recrossed the plains and mountains of the 
 west. Long since the Santa Fe and Oregon 
 trails had been established. Women had 
 traveled overland to the Oregon country in 
 1836. The Mormons had already settled at 
 Salt Lake. Part of the American army had 
 traversed the southwest, and some through 
 Colorado, in the Mexican War. Gen. Albert 
 Sidney Johnston, who later lost his life in the 
 Confederate Army, had led an armed force 
 against the Mormons in 1857. It was now 
 common for men, women and children to 
 cross overland. California trails were es- 
 tablished. For these reasons, and others, 
 the days of exploration, in the sense of those 
 of the Spanish, French and early American, 
 had ended when considered in the broader 
 and higher sense. The era of the explorer in 
 the plains and Rocky Mountain region, really 
 closed with the rush to the California gold 
 fields, or, at least, should not extend beyond 
 1850. There have been explorations since, 
 and others will come in the future, but not 
 in that grander list which includes Coronado, 
 Moscoso, Espejo, Onate, Pike, Long, and 
 Fremont's earlier expeditions. Neither Fre- 
 mont's fifth expedition, nor that of Gunnison, 
 should be considered as such. They came 
 too late. That was simply frontier work. 
 After 1850, there were explorations, but more 
 in the line of investigation and development. 
 That was the true meaning of the Pike's Peak 
 mining excitement. It was development. There 
 was still a frontier, and just as brave and 
 heroic work to be accomplished. It simply 
 differed in kind and method. Gold in pay- 
 ing quantities was found on Cherry Creek, 
 317 years after Coronado is said to have 
 crossed the threshold of Colorado. From 
 100 to 250 years prior to Cherry Creek, the 
 Spanish had been engaged in mining near 
 Fort Garland, and in the San Juan, in the 
 Gunnison country and western Colorado. 
 
 That is the old and first mining region in 
 this state. But it did not bring results. 
 There was no permanent development. The 
 slaughter of the bison or buffalo, and the 
 killing of the fur bearing animals during the 
 trapping period, while affording some trade, 
 was not development. Nothing was perma- 
 nent. It was the California and Colorado 
 prospector and miner, who gave the west its 
 first steady prop. He not only timbered 
 shafts and tunnels, but built homes and com- 
 monwealths. Thus was led the van for other 
 states in the west, in the meantime, agri- 
 culture and other industries taking hold. 
 Every large stream, mountain range, and 
 extensive valley and plateau, had long since 
 been known in Colorado. The explorer had 
 early done his work but the west was waiting 
 there was something lacking something 
 was needed. That something came with the 
 American miner. Long's expedition had re- 
 sulted in placing the "Great American 
 Desert" on the map, and it was sometime be- 
 fore the farmer learned through the Greeley 
 Colony, and similar work at Fort Collins and 
 elsewhere that he had anything to do in this 
 region, but he later established himself in 
 a most abiding and successful manner, and 
 he too came to stay. If the bison could live 
 on the plains, so could cattle, and later there 
 followed the era of the great cattle kings. 
 
 No one knows who first found gold within 
 the present confines of Colorado. James 
 Pursley or Purcell had obtained it on the 
 Platte before Pike came. The Spanish 
 and French discovered it. Early American 
 explorers, army officers and trappers gave 
 accounts of it. During the California rush 
 overland, many an immigrant picked up 
 specimens, and made successful tests for it 
 in the sands of mountain streams. The 
 " first" to find gold in Colorado has not been 
 "discovered," but this much is known, that 
 it was the Pike's Peak excitement that brought 
 results. Development followed, and per- 
 manent settlement, growth, progress, and 
 civilization came to the Rocky Mountains. 
 The right people had come to Colorado at the 
 right time. 
 
 There seems to have been a combination 
 of circumstances that led to the Pike's Peak 
 excitement, and the mining of gold along 
 
 20 
 
Cherry Creek in 1858, which resulted in the 
 founding of Denver, and the upbuilding of 
 Colorado. This brings to notice and con- 
 sideration, what is commonly known as the 
 " Cherokee" story. A party of Cherokee 
 Indians, who had had some experience min- 
 ing for gold in Georgia, followed the stam- 
 pede to California. En route they panned 
 gold from Cherry Creek, also Ralston Creek, 
 and small streams tributary to the South 
 Platte in this locality, in 1850. Some of 
 them urged a more thorough investigation, 
 but the majority had the California fever, 
 and their journey to the Pacific coast was re- 
 sumed. There is another story to the effect 
 that some Cherokees, possibly another party, 
 discovered gold on Cherry and Ralston Creeks 
 in 1852, and returning, exhibited specimens 
 of their find, in Kansas and other sections. 
 It is well to remember that the Cherokees at 
 this time were more or less civilized, and their 
 expeditions were not conducted in the same 
 manner as the nomadic and more warlike 
 Indians of the plains. These finds led to 
 what seems, later, to have been several re- 
 ported discoveries by Cherokees, but possibly 
 they may be resolved into two separate parties 
 or expeditions, from which many rumors may 
 have emanated. John Smith, the trapper 
 who was living on the site of Denver when 
 the founders of the latter city came, had been 
 engaged in 1857 in placer mining with some 
 Mexicans in this vicinity, at what were known 
 as the "Spanish" and "Mexican Diggings." 
 The Cherokees returned from California, 
 disappointed on their venture in the far west. 
 During the winter of 1857-8, in the Missouri 
 and Kansas river regions, and even farther 
 east and south, there was considerable pub- 
 licity as to "gold finds" in the Pike's Peak 
 country. There may have been in this, a 
 combination of both old and new reports. 
 The Cherokees who had been removed from 
 Georgia to the Indian Territory, a party of 
 whom had visited this region in 1850, when 
 passing through to California, again began 
 agitating the question of exploring the Pike's 
 Peak region. Some of the Cherokees who 
 had washed out gold here in 1852, may also 
 have assisted in spreading these reports. In 
 the spring of 1858, John Cantrill with a party 
 of traders from Salt Lake, returning to West- 
 port, Missouri, exhibited specimens they had 
 picked up on Ralston Creek and the streams 
 in this vicinity. Some of the party of Cap- 
 tain Marcy's command which camped on the 
 Denver site in the spring of 1858, also found 
 gold. Early in 1858, Little Beaver and Fall 
 Leaf, two Delawares, when in Lawrence, 
 Kansas, also exhibited gold nuggets, claimed 
 to have been obtained by them in the Pike's 
 Peak country. Thus from several and sepa- 
 
 rate sources, reports spread through the 
 country to the east and south that there was 
 an abundance of gold in this section, and 
 Pike's Peak, being the most prominent and 
 natural physical point, all these finds had 
 their bearings in connection with that his- 
 torical mountain, and hence the term "Pike's 
 Peak Region" or "Country", became a 
 general one for this entire section, although 
 the discoveries mentioned, were made to the 
 north of it, and in the vicinity of Denver. 
 
 As the Cherokees had formerly resided in 
 Georgia, the reports that eminated from them, 
 and possibly others, spread to that state, and 
 came to the knowledge of W. Green Russell, 
 and others, later associated with him in his 
 western enterprise. Green Russell as he is 
 commonly known had already taken up a 
 land claim in Kansas, but was now in Georgia. 
 Russell was anxious to engage in the venture, 
 which finally resulted in an organized ex- 
 pedition of whites and Cherokees, known as 
 the Russell-Hicks party, Russell representing 
 the whites and George Hicks, a Cherokee 
 lawyer of prominence, being the leader for 
 the Indians. Russell was not the original 
 discoverer of gold on Cherry Creek, nor in 
 the vicinity of Denver. Others had found 
 the precious metal here, and the country was 
 filled with the reports relating to these dis- 
 coveries. Russell is entitled to historical 
 prominence as a promoter and organizer, 
 and his work gave a permanence to what had 
 hitherto been reports and rumors. Follow- 
 ing the Arkansas through Bent's old fort, 
 and then skirting the eastern base of the 
 Rocky Mountains, passing Pike's Peak, and 
 crossing the divide, along the old route of 
 the Cherokees in 1850, they reached Cherry 
 Creek, and with varying results engaged in 
 placer mining along this stream, the South 
 Platte, Ralston Creek, Dry Creek, and other 
 small affluents. The Cherokees did not long 
 remain, not encouraged by the outlook, and 
 some of the whites of the original party, also 
 returned east, but Russell and about a dozen 
 others continued in this region, making fur- 
 ther investigations. He also made a tour 
 of several weeks through the mountains, re- 
 turning again to this section. 
 
 The Russell-Hicks Company was only a 
 few days in advance of what is known as the 
 Lawrence party, from Kansas. The gold 
 that had been exhibited by the two Dela- 
 wares in Lawrence, had aroused an interest 
 in the Pike's Peak country. John Easter, 
 later well known in the Cripple Creek min- 
 ing district, organized an expedition, and in 
 June, 1858, was close on the heels of the Rus- 
 sell-Hicks party of whites and Cherokees. 
 After leaving Bent's Fort, and following the 
 Arkansas to the mouth of the Fountaine- 
 
 21 
 
qui-Bouille, and thence northward, they en- 
 camped at Pike's Peak early in July, 1858. 
 Several of them ascended the Peak, and among 
 the number, was Mrs. James H. Holmes, the 
 first woman to accomplish the feat. These 
 Lawrence people were colonizers as well as 
 gold seekers, and started the town of El Paso, 
 now Colorado City, but disappointed in the 
 arrival of settlers, the old site of El Paso was 
 vacated. This party explored southward 
 and southwest to the vicinity of the Sangre de 
 Cristo, and later joined the Russell camp on 
 Cherry Creek. Having failed in their El 
 Paso town scheme, and realizing that this 
 region must have somewhere a commercial 
 center, they founded the town of Montana, 
 out near what was later the cotton mills, 
 and thus Denver had its start. Here were 
 erected the first buildings in the city, for the 
 Russell party had been following more of 
 camp life. Montana was later abandoned, 
 and the houses within a few months were re- 
 moved to more favorable sites, established 
 in what is still the boundaries of Denver. 
 Auraria, now west Denver was started on the 
 west side of Cherry Creek, and St. Charles 
 on the east side, now known as east Denver. 
 The following is the record of the founding 
 of St. Charles: 
 
 "Upon the waters of the South Platte 
 river, at the mouth of Cherry Creek, Arapahoe 
 County, Kansas Territory, September 24, 
 1858. This article of agreement, witnesseth, 
 that T. C. Dickson, William McGaa, J. A. 
 Churchill, William Smith, William Hartley, 
 Adnah French, Frank M. Cobb, J. S. Smith, 
 and Charles Nichols have entered into the 
 following agreement, which they bind them- 
 selves, their heirs and administrators, execu- 
 tors, assignees, etc., forever to well and truly 
 carry out the same." 
 
 In this agreement it was provided that 
 they lay out 640 acres, and that each member 
 have 100 lots in the new town site. It is now 
 interesting to read the following provision 
 that was incorporated in this old town site 
 agreement, that ; "if the country ever amount- 
 ed to anything," John Smith and William 
 McGaa were to "separately claim the frac- 
 tional or westside section of the creek, and 
 use their influence to see that it eventually 
 becomes part of the property of the Com- 
 pany." Soon afterward, Russell and his 
 Georgians returning from their trip of ex- 
 ploration, and failing to enter into an arrange- 
 ment with the St. Charles Company, founded 
 one of their own on the west side. It was 
 named Auraria, for a village in Georgia from 
 whence the founders had come. Henry Al- 
 len, who had arrived with an Iowa party, 
 October 29, 1858, surveyed the townsite, and 
 he erection of cabins was begun. The most 
 
 of the first town, called Montana, people and 
 houses, were moved to Auraria, which, with 
 the preference given it by new arrivals, 
 flourished over St. Charles, its less fortunate 
 rival. Another party of Kansans arrived in 
 November, and among them were Gen. Wil- 
 liam Larimer and Richard E. Whitsett, who 
 revived the now languishing town of St. 
 Charles. The Larimer party on Nov. 17, 
 1858, changed the name to Denver, in honor 
 of Gen. James W. Denver, then Governor of 
 Kansas, as this section was then included in 
 Arapahoe county, that territory. At a meet- 
 ing held Nov. 22, a constitution was adopted 
 for the Denver Town Company, with the 
 following officers: E. P. Stout, president; 
 William Larimer, Jr., Treasurer; and H. P. 
 A. Smith, Secretary. The Board of Directors 
 were : E. P. Stout, William Larimer, Jr., R. 
 E. Whitsett, C. A. Lawrence, William Mc- 
 Gaa, Hickory Rogers, William Clancy, and 
 P. T. Bassett. There were forty-one share- 
 holders, each of whom, within ninety days, 
 agreed to erect a building on one or more of 
 his lots. Curtis & Lowry were awarded the 
 contract to survey and plat the town site of 
 the original Denver. Auraria afterward be- 
 came a part of the town, and the east and west 
 sides were incorporated into one city. Thus 
 it will be seen that the old Denver came from 
 three original town sites: first, Montana, 
 located about five miles up the South Platte; 
 second, St. Charles, on the east side of Cherry 
 Creek; third, Auraria, on the west side. The 
 first trading establishment in Denver was 
 conducted by John Smith for Elbridge Gerry; 
 the second by Blake & Williams; and the 
 third, by Richard Wooten and his brother, 
 December 25, 1858. 
 
 A quiet winter was followed by activity 
 in the spring of 1859. Doyle & Solomon then 
 arrived with several loads of goods and opened 
 in Auraria, a large warehouse, being a pre- 
 tentious rival to the east side (Denver) where 
 St. Charles had first been established. Promi- 
 nent among the early arrivals were D. C. 
 Oakes, who brought with him, the first saw 
 mill to this region, and William N. Byers, the 
 latter arriving with a printing press pur- 
 chased in Omaha. On April 23, 1859, Mr. 
 Byers printed the first issue of the Rocky 
 Mountain News, the first paper in Denver 
 and the Pike's Peak region. Jack Merrick 
 the same day published the first and only 
 issue of the Cherry Creek Pioneer, but a little 
 later in the day. It was a race between the 
 two papers as to which would "go to press" 
 first. The entire town was interested, and 
 gamblers were betting on the result. From 
 stories handed down by pioneers, the Rocky 
 Mountain News, started as a weekly, was 
 published from one to three hours in advance 
 
 22 
 
of its rival, which was at once absorbed by 
 the News, it having been purchased by 
 Thomas Gibson who was associated with Mr. 
 Byers. As spring advanced, arrivals from 
 the east rapidly increased. Men and women 
 were coming, who were later prominent in 
 the commercial, political and social life of 
 the west. Conditions were crude, but there 
 began that evolution toward the high po- 
 sition that is now occupied by Denver and 
 Colorado. Means of communication is one 
 of the essentials of any American settlement, 
 but there was no postoffice. This difficulty 
 was removed by Henry Allen, who established 
 a private mail route to Fort Laramie, the 
 nearest postoffice, about 200 miles distant. 
 The messenger of this improvised "rural" 
 route, who left about May 1, 1858, returned 
 with a heavy mail of letters and papers. But 
 in the meantime, the first coach of the Leaven- 
 worth & Pike's Peak Express Company had 
 brought to Denver its first mail. 
 
 The product realized from placer mining 
 in Cherry Creek and vicinity was not suffi- 
 cient to give permanency to that industry. 
 The gold in the sands of these streams at the 
 base of the foothills, must have a source. 
 It came from the mountains, and here the 
 search was continued. This led up to two im- 
 portant discoveries which forever established 
 Colorado as a great mining state. George A. 
 Jackson, native of Howard county, Missouri, 
 who had also engaged in mining in California, 
 discovered gold placers near Idaho Springs, and 
 John H. Gregory opened the Gregory 
 lode in Gilpin county, which led to the min- 
 ing and development of fissure veins. George 
 A. Jackson came in the spring of 1858, and 
 after a short delay in Auraria, proceeded to 
 the Cache la Poudre, accompanied by an old 
 trapper, Antoine Janniss, and prospected for 
 gold, also engaging in business at a trading 
 post called "Laporte." Later with Tom 
 Golden and Jim Sanders, he established a 
 winter camp on the site of what is now Golden. 
 On January 7, 1859, he washed out gold on 
 Chicago Creek, a short distance above its 
 confluence with Vasquez Fork (Clear Creek), 
 and then returned to his camp at Golden. 
 In April, Jackson revisited the place of his 
 discovery, accompanied by a number of 
 Chicago Capitalists, whence the name Chi- 
 cago Creek, and in a week's time, his work 
 realized him the sum of $1,900. He sold his 
 interest in these claims, and in 1860 was 
 operating in California Gulch. For many 
 years he was a prominent resident of this 
 state. 
 
 John H. Gregory left Georgia in 1858, and 
 was employed in driving a government team 
 to Fort Laramie. He had intended going to 
 Fraser river, but was attracted to this section, 
 
 and became a prospector. Having been in- 
 formed by Jackson of his discovery on Chi- 
 cago Creek, he intended to meet the latter 
 at that place, when he returned to the scene 
 of his discovery. Missing his way, Gregory 
 ascended the north instead of the south branch 
 of the creek, and thus made one of the most 
 important strikes in the history of the state. 
 He found the Gregory vein. Placer mining 
 gave rich returns, but the development of 
 great veins and deposits in place, gave Colo- 
 rado its permanence. Gregory was supplied 
 with provisions by D. K. Wall, and ac- 
 companied by Wilkes Defrees of South 
 Bend, Indiana, and William Ziegler of Miss- 
 ouri, he reached Gregory Gulch May 6, 1859 
 and resumed prospecting, where he had a 
 short time previous obtained gold, but 
 had been driven out by a snow storm. 
 From the rich "dirt" of the gulch they fol- 
 lowed it to its source and the Gregory was 
 located on the 10th. These finds resulted 
 in a stampede to the mountains, and there 
 followed in course of time, those developments 
 that have made Gilpin, Clear Creek, and 
 Boulder counties, celebrated for their rich 
 mineral output. Chicago Bar or Jackson Dig- 
 gings was the name given to the discovery of 
 George A. Jackson. Nearby was Spanish 
 Bar, and in the vicinity were developed the 
 Fall river and Grass Valley mining camps. 
 The districts discovered in 1859 in Gilpin 
 and Clear Creek Counties, besides Gregory, 
 were: Russell, Spanish Bar, Jackson, Nevada, 
 Lake Gulch, Griffith, Illinois, Central, En- 
 terprise, Eureka, and Virginia. The thous- 
 ands who now rushed in, led to the founding 
 of Central City, Nevada, Mountain City, 
 Mount Vernon, Missouri Flats, Black Hawk, 
 Georgetown, Idaho Springs, and other min- 
 ing towns and centers. 
 
 Golden, where in after years was estab- 
 lished the State School of Mines, was founded 
 at the point where Vasquez (Clear) Creek 
 emerges from the canon, and soon became a 
 rival to Denver. It was the shipping point 
 at the base of the mountains, for these new 
 mining centers. In the meantime, the pros- 
 pectors were extending their range of opera- 
 tions into Middle and South Parks. In 
 July, 1859, the Hamilton Diggings were open- 
 ed half a mile below that town, while about 
 two miles above the latter place thrived the 
 new camp of Tarryall. Breckenridge, Fair 
 Play, French Gulch, and Buckskin Joe, and 
 other mining camps were established in that 
 section. In January, 1859, gold was ob- 
 tained at the mouth of Gold Run, a small 
 stream in Boulder county. In the latter part 
 of that month, the Deadwood Diggings were 
 opened on the south branch of the Boulder. 
 The town of Boulder was founded in Feb- 
 
 23 
 
ruary, 1859, soon after the discovery of gold. 
 It is now the seat of the University of Colo- 
 rado. With Denver as the center of opera- 
 tion, there was a general activity in the min- 
 ing industry, as then developed, but mainly 
 confined to the region that has been described, 
 during the period of 1858-9. 
 
 In 1859, Denver and the new mining camps 
 were visited by Horace Greeley of the New 
 
 York Tribune, A. D. Richardson of the Bos- 
 ton Journal, and Henry Villard of the Cin- 
 cinnati Commercial. They made a favor- 
 able report on the mining conditions here, and 
 counteracted detrimental and hurtful state- 
 ments published by some, who, dissatisfied, 
 had returned to the east declaring the claims 
 made for this region were a "hoax." 
 
 24 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Political Conditions Jefferson Territory Organized. 
 
 HOUSANDS had followed 
 the Pike's Peak excitement. 
 Personal rights and property 
 must be protected. Hun- 
 dreds of miles intervened be- 
 tween these pioneers and the 
 Missouri river settlements, 
 and the seats of government 
 of the newly organized territories, of Kansas 
 and Nebraska. Hostile Indians held possession 
 of the great plains. The dangerous clouds of 
 the coming civil war hung over the land. 
 Kansas, the national center of political dis- 
 cussion, had been experiencing the throes of 
 the border ruffian struggle. Colorado had 
 not yet been placed on the map. Denver 
 was in Arapahoe county, Kansas, and Gov- 
 ernor Denver of that territory, had assumed 
 jurisdiction in appointing commissioners. The 
 Kansas legislature by enactments, considered 
 this section under their law-making power. 
 The northern part of what is now Colorado, 
 in which there had been some settlements, 
 was in Nebraska territory. Utah and New 
 Mexico infringed on the west and south, 
 though not specially involved, at this time, 
 as to their rights. The farming and general 
 business life of Kansas and Nebraska were 
 not in touch with that of mining in this new 
 region. Mining litigation, as has been real- 
 ized in later years, may be called a science of 
 law peculiar to itself, so much so, that many 
 of the great lawyers of the west have made it 
 a specialty in their practice. Even with 
 conditions properly understood, Kansas and 
 Nebraska were not prepared to govern and 
 control this section. These were all serious 
 questions, that were presented to the Colorado 
 pioneer. But the American settler whether 
 the Cavaliers in Virginia, the Pilgrims from 
 the Mayflower, the early immigrants across 
 the Alleghenies, and in the Mississippi valley, 
 have always been able to become a law to 
 themselves, enforce peace and order, and then 
 tie on in a patriotic manner to the rest of the 
 country. But a new mining region differs 
 materially in early settlement from that of 
 an agricultural section. In the latter, the 
 growth, prior to the opening of large areas at 
 one time for settlement in the west, was slow, 
 and towns and cities sprang up with the nat- 
 
 23 
 
 ural development. The town and city came 
 last, unless a fort was used for protection. 
 The opening of Oklahoma, the Dakotas, and 
 other parts of the west, in a later period, pre- 
 sented something similar to mining conditions, 
 and the parallel of building towns and cities 
 first, but in a more methodical way. Thus 
 municipal conditions early assume an im- 
 portant position in a new mining country. 
 The town or city springs up first, develop- 
 ment follows. It may grow and become per- 
 manent, or there follows what is so well 
 known, the "deserted" camp. In the old 
 fashioned way of pioneering, the family went 
 together and a social condition something 
 like the old home, was at once established. 
 The opposite of all this was the special feature 
 that marked the settlement of California and 
 Colorado. Although some brave and heroic 
 women were among the first settlers, as a 
 rule, the first comers were men. When woman 
 is not a balance wheel in new social conditions, 
 and man is left to himself, there is a wilder 
 life, such as characterized some of the early 
 mining camps. But this phase rapidly dis- 
 appears with the coming of the wife and 
 children, and in establishing churches and 
 schools. 
 
 These were questions that forced them- 
 selves upon the Colorado pioneers. They were 
 of the heroic type, and some of them had seen 
 frontier life in California. Miners courts 
 were established and their decisions and rul- 
 ings recognized. They settled rights of prop- 
 erty, and on their verdict, men were some- 
 times hung. It was but natural, under such 
 conditions, that some bad men sought this 
 region, but they soon came up against the 
 strong arm of the law. There was a struggle 
 for law and order, and civilization won. 
 Some held to the belief that this section was 
 under the jurisdiction of Kansas Territory, 
 and two members, Capt. Richard Sopris, 
 afterward Mayor of Denver, and Edward 
 M. McCook, later Governor of Colorado 
 Territory, were elected to the Kansas legis- 
 lature. Denver had a municipal form of 
 government, with considerable power and 
 jurisdiction. But the great majority of the 
 people were not satisfied with their political 
 condition. They desired a state or terri- 
 
torial form of government of their own. This 
 was carried out, and there was organized a 
 Provisional Government known as the Terri- 
 tory of Jefferson, unique in American his- 
 tory. 
 
 The first important step in the political 
 history of this section was the result of a pub- 
 lic mass meeting, at which action was taken, 
 requesting Kansas to establish a new county, 
 to be known as Arapahoe, and A. J. Smith 
 was selected to represent this proposed county 
 in the legislature of that territory. The or- 
 ganization of a new territory was then advo- 
 cated, the result of which was, that at an 
 election held on Nov. 6, 1858, Hiram J. Gra- 
 ham was selected as territorial delegate. He 
 was instructed to go to Washington and urge 
 upon congress the necessity of establishing 
 the Territory of Jefferson out of the Pike's 
 Peak country. The Kansas legislature re- 
 fused to admit A. J. Smith as a member of 
 that body. Gov. Denver, however, saw the 
 necessity of establishing Arapahoe county, 
 and appointed the following commissioners 
 for the same: E. W. Wynkoop, Hickory 
 Rogers, and Joseph L. McCubin; also, H. 
 P. A. Smith, probate judge. The first elec- 
 tion for Arapahoe county was held March 
 28, 1859, in which 774 votes were cast, 
 Denver polling 144; Auraria (West Denver) 
 241; and outside precincts (in Arapahoe 
 county) 389. The following were elected: 
 S. W. Wagoner, probate judge; D. D. Cook, 
 sheriff; John L. Hiffner, treasurer; J. S. 
 Lowrie, register of deeds; Marshal Cook, 
 prosecuting attorney; W. W. Hooper, auditor; 
 C. M. Steinberger, coroner; Ross Hutchins, 
 assessor; L. J. Winchester, Hickory Rogers, 
 and R. L. Wooten, supervisors; and, Levi 
 Ferguson, clerk. The mission of Hiram J. 
 Graham, the delegate sent to Washington, 
 failed. 
 
 A meeting was held April 11, 1859, at which 
 Gen. William Larimer presided, and Henry 
 McCoy was secretary, and the feasibility was 
 discussed as to the organization of a state or 
 territorial form of government. At this 
 meeting or convention it was resolved: 
 
 ''That the different precincts be requested 
 to appoint delegates to meet in convention 
 on the 15th of April, inst., to take into con- 
 sideration the propriety of organizing a new 
 state or territory." 
 
 The people were restless. A heterogeneous 
 mass had congregated here in this section of 
 the Rocky Mountains. Prompt action was 
 necessary to protect both life and property. 
 They were a patriotic people, but there was the 
 constant and irritating question of jurisdic- 
 tion, and as to where the authority was vested, 
 to control and govern. At the meeting of 
 April 11, a central committee was also ap- 
 
 pointed and empowered to designate new 
 precincts, as increasing population might de- 
 mand. This committee met May 7, and 
 designated the first Monday in June as the 
 date to select delegates for the constitutional 
 convention to establish the State of Jefferson. 
 On that date, fifty delegates representing 13 
 precincts, met in Denver, and after a two 
 days' session, a committee was appointed to 
 draft a constitution to be submitted to an 
 adjourned session of the convention, to be 
 held the first Monday in August. On the 
 re-assembling of the convention, 167 dele- 
 gates, representing 46 precincts were in 
 attendance. After a week's session, the re- 
 port of the committee, submitting a consti- 
 tution to form the State of Jefferson, was 
 adopted. It also contained a provision that 
 if it should be rejected, an election should 
 be held the. first Monday in October, to choose 
 a delegate to congress, to use his influence 
 to secure the establishment of the Territory 
 of Jefferson in the gold region. It will be 
 observed that there was a wide difference of 
 opinion, as to whether they should endeavor 
 to carry out the statehood plan or simply at- 
 tempt to establish a territory. The consti- 
 tution, which contained the alternative scheme, 
 was defeated by a vote of 2,007 to 649, and 
 thus failed the first attempt for statehood in 
 Colorado. Beverly D. Williams was elected, 
 over seven competitors, as delegate to con- 
 gress. About 8,000 votes were cast, and 
 charges of fraud also made. Capt. Richard 
 Sopris, at this election, was also chosen to 
 represent Arapahoe county in the Kansas 
 legislature, and was given a seat in that body. 
 Williams was not so successful in Washington, 
 but it is probable that his agitation of the 
 needs of this section, later resulted in some 
 good in familiarizing the public as to con- 
 ditions in the Rocky Mountains. In the 
 meantime, those who favored the territorial 
 plan, had been active. They had issued an 
 address to the people, requesting that dele- 
 gates be chosen at the October election, to 
 establish an independent or provisional gov- 
 ernment. This convention was convened on 
 October 10th, with an attendance of 86 del- 
 egates. A new constitution was adopted, 
 known as "The Organic Act of the Territory 
 of Jefferson," dividing the territory into dis- 
 tricts and counties and the election ordered 
 on the fourth Monday in October. The con- 
 stitution was ratified by a vote of 1,852 to 
 280. The following officials were elected for 
 Jefferson Territory: Governor, Robert W. 
 Steele; Secretary, Lucien W. Bliss; Auditor, 
 C. R. Bissell; Treasurer, Geo. W. Cook; At- 
 torney General, R. J. Frazier; Chief Justice, 
 A. J. Allison; Associate Justices, J. N. Odel, 
 and E. Fitzgerald; Marshal, John L. Merrickl 
 
 26 
 
Clerk of Supreme Court, O. B. Totten; Sup- 
 erintendent of Schools, Henry McAfee. The 
 vote of Governor Steele over his opponent, 
 J. H. St. Matthew, was 1,547 against 460, 
 and that on the remainder of the ticket was 
 about the same. The constitution of the 
 Territory of Jefferson provided that the 
 legislature should consist of a Council (Senate) 
 of eight members, and a House of Repre- 
 sentatives numbering twenty-one. Those 
 elected were ' 
 
 Council N. G. Wyatt, Henry Allen, Eli 
 Carter, Mark A. Moore, James M. Wood, 
 James Emerson, W. D. Arnett, and D. Shafer. 
 
 House of Representatives John C. Moore, 
 W. P. McClure, William Slaughter, M. D. 
 Hickman, David K. Wall, Miles Patton, J. 
 S. Stone, J. N. Hallock, J. S. Allen, A. J. 
 Edwards, A. McFadden, Edwin James, T. S. 
 Golden, J. A. Gray, Z. Jackson, S. B. Kellogg, 
 William Davidson, C. C. Post, Asa Smith, 
 and C. P. Hall. 
 
 The region included in the territory of 
 Jefferson, was considerably larger than the 
 present confines of Colorado. The eastern 
 and southern boundaries were approximately 
 on the same line as they exist at present, but 
 the northern coincided with that of the north- 
 ern line of Nebraska, while the western 
 boundary of Jefferson included about a third 
 of the eastern part of what is now Utah. Al- 
 though the population was congested within 
 only a small part of this area, an ambitious 
 future was planned. The machinery of the 
 Provisional Government was put in motion 
 at once, which afforded the inhabitants a 
 kind of three headed jurisdiction. There 
 were the miners courts, peculiar to themselves; 
 there was an allegiance due to Kansas, as 
 Arapahoe county formed a part of that ter- 
 ritory; and, now had been organized the new 
 Territory of Jefferson, exercising all the func- 
 tions inherent in such a form of government. 
 Further complications ensued as the northern 
 part of this region constituted a part of 
 Nebraska. One of the strong arguments 
 urged against any exercise of authority by 
 either Kansas or Nebraska over this section, 
 was, that the Indian tribes not having re- 
 leased their titles to their lands, that the Ter- 
 ritory of Jefferson had an equal if not better 
 right, to do so. 
 
 On Nov. 7, 1859, the provisional legisla- 
 ture of the Territory of Jefferson was convened 
 in Denver, and Gov. Steele delivered his mes- 
 sage to that body. He reviewed the con- 
 ditions that had brought about their present 
 provisional form of government. He began 
 his message as follows: 
 
 "It becomes my duty as the chief execu- 
 tive officer for the newly organized Provis- 
 ional Government of this Territory, to make 
 
 at this time such recommendations and sug- 
 gestions to your honorable bodies, as I may 
 deem proper to secure the well being and 
 prosperity of our adopted country, which 
 from unmistakable indications is soon to 
 grow into an important state." 
 
 Referring to the gold discoveries, the gov- 
 ernor said: 
 
 "Prior to the summer of 1858, the region 
 now known as Jefferson Territory possessed 
 in the public estimation no superior attrac- 
 tions for the pioneer settler over other por- 
 tions of the public domain in the possession 
 of the aboriginal tribes. During that season, 
 certain adventurous spirits, led on by a de- 
 sire to prove or disprove the various rumors 
 of rich mineral deposits, which had been in 
 circulation, of the unexplored regions at the 
 base of the Rocky Mountains, prospected 
 the eastern slope from Fort Laramie to the 
 Spanish Peaks in New Mexico, and they gave 
 to the world as the result of their explorations, 
 accounts of their finding gold in nearly all of 
 the mountain streams and in the foot plains 
 at their base. Their report spread rapidly, 
 and ere the beginning of the winter of 1858 
 and '59, near 1,000 people had made their 
 way to the scenes of these explorations, and 
 were busy in prospecting and preparing 
 shelter and sustenance for the winter. With 
 the early emigration came the spirit of active 
 enterprise, so peculiar to the Great West. 
 Soon improvements of all kinds began to 
 show themselves over the country, town sites 
 were located, farms, ranches and garden spots, 
 dotted our rich valleys, and the plans for a 
 prosperous and happy future were speedily 
 framed." 
 
 Thus this message not only gives official ut- 
 terance as to the mining conditions, but shows 
 that attempts were early made in agricultural 
 pursuits. Continuing, Gov. Steele said : 
 
 "The necessity was at once felt for some 
 law or rule of action to regulate the trans- 
 actions of man with man, and to secure life 
 and property from the ruthless hand of the 
 felon. A vigilance committee, the first re- 
 source of an isolated and exposed community, 
 was organized, and certain offenses occurring 
 during the winter and spring were taken cog- 
 nizance of. But a more perfect form of gov- 
 ernment than was afforded by a vigilance 
 committee was needed." 
 
 What an historical document was that 
 first message by a Colorado governor, for the 
 old Jefferson Territory is the Colorado of 
 to-day! A vigilance committee had punished 
 certain offenses. Who had prescribed what 
 should constitute an offense? They were 
 far distant from any constitutional law mak- 
 ing authority. It was the development of 
 the inherent spirit of civilization that has 
 
 27 
 
always characterized the American pioneer. 
 He always makes a winning fight for the 
 maintenance of law and order. Gov. Steele 
 does not use the word lynching, or kindred 
 words, but politely says these offenses "were 
 taken cognizance of." The message then 
 recites the historical events leading up to the 
 formation of the Provisional Government. 
 The condition of the people was set forth by 
 the governor, in part, as follows: 
 
 "Our Territory occupies an isolated po- 
 sition, separated from the seats of government 
 of Kansas and Nebraska by a distance of 
 about 700 miles, 200 of which is an almost 
 sterile plain. Our interests and avocations 
 differ so widely from those of the citizens of 
 either of the aforementioned territories, or 
 any other from which our territory is formed, 
 that it is utterly impossible for us to be suc- 
 cessfully incorporated with them in the same 
 civil organization. An organization of a 
 county or counties, has been attempted by 
 the legislature of Kansas Territory, but which 
 action has been utterly abortive and in- 
 operative in its effects. It is apparent that 
 any jurisdiction of Kansas Territory over 
 this country, is expressly prohibited by the 
 19th section of her organic act. Hence this 
 pretended organization has proven totally 
 inadequate to our wants, having only the 
 shadow, without the living substance of gov- 
 ernment. We have had no courts of either 
 criminal or civil jurisdiction, either original or 
 appellate. Life and property were insecure, 
 and crime was unpunished and to a great ex- 
 tent unrebuked." 
 
 Gov. Steele then gives utterance to the 
 following patriotic statement: 
 
 "There can be no conflict with the laws of 
 the United States, nor any disrespect shown 
 to the Federal Congress by taking the first 
 and best course for the mutual protection, 
 safety, and happiness to the people of the 
 Territory of Jefferson, when the exigencies 
 of the case so imperatively demanded action 
 in the premises." 
 
 The message of Gov. Steele throughout is 
 able, dignified, conservative and patriotic. 
 It tells the simple story that the American 
 is always prepared and ready to solve the 
 question of self government, amid doubtful 
 and adverse conditions. 
 
 The laws enacted by the General Assembly 
 of Jefferson Territory, in November and 
 December, 1859 and January, 1860, com- 
 prising a volume of 303 pages, is now, one of 
 the rarest volumes in American jurisprudence, 
 and is eagerly sought by historical societies, 
 libraries, and students of political history. 
 
 On October 22, 1860, Governor Steele was 
 re-elected, together with the following: Sec- 
 retary, L. W. Bliss; Auditor, C. R. Bissell; 
 
 Attorney-General, Samuel McLean; Chief 
 Justice, J. B. Smith; Associate Justices, Wil- 
 liam Brackett, and C. C. Post; and, Marshal, 
 R. Borton. Denver now had also organized a 
 Provisional City Government, which weakened 
 that of Jefferson Territory. Land Claim 
 Courts had also become influential. Liti- 
 gants having failed in one jurisdiction, with- 
 out the regular "change of venue," would 
 carry their cases to rival courts, and the con- 
 dition still remained unsatisfactory. It was 
 with difficulty that a quorum was maintained 
 during the second session of the General As- 
 sembly of Jefferson Territory, the latter part 
 of which was held by that body in Golden. 
 
 In the meantime immigrants were coming 
 and going, but notwithstanding the fluctu- 
 ation in population, there was a gradual, but 
 sometimes slow development of the mining 
 industry. Late in 1859, rich placers were 
 discovered in California Gulch, where about 
 twenty years later was established the great 
 carbonate camp of Leadville. In the spring 
 of 1860, this gulch, and the headwaters of the 
 Arkansas were thronged with thousands of 
 miners and prospectors. For a time, Cali- 
 fornia Gulch yielded rich returns, but no 
 one then dreamed of the Leadville that was 
 to come, in that locality, which was also to be 
 the forerunner to the opening of the Gunni- 
 son and the western slope. In 1860, Baker's 
 Park, in the San Juan was prospected, and 
 in this party was Benjamin H. Eaton, later 
 Governor of Colorado. Their discoveries, 
 made while enduring the severest hardships, 
 in exploring Baker's Park and that region, 
 awakened an interest that resulted in the 
 founding of Silverton, and later, the estab- 
 lishing of mining centers in the San Juan 
 region. 
 
 Two duels took place in Denver in the 
 early days. William P. McClure and Richard 
 E. Whitsett, as the result of a private quarrel, 
 fought a duel, October 19, 1859, McClure 
 sending the challenge, which was promptly 
 accepted. Using Colt's navy revolvers, they 
 met about a mile up Cherry Creek, with their 
 seconds, and at a distance of ten paces, fired. 
 McClure fell, badly wounded, but later re- 
 covered. Owing to a political quarrel in 
 March, 1860, Dr. J. S. Stone, a member of the 
 legislature of Jefferson Territory, challenged 
 L. W. Bliss, the secretary of the territory. 
 Double barreled shot guns were the weapons 
 selected, to be loaded with bullets, and the 
 distance was set at thirty paces. The meet- 
 ing place was on the north side of the Platte. 
 Dr. Stone fell mortally wounded, and died 
 after a lingering illness, and suffering intense- 
 ly from his wound. W. N. Byers was fearless 
 in denouncing crime and murder, and at one 
 time was threatened by a mob. 
 
 28 
 
In 1860, Clark & Gruber established a 
 banking and assay office, and then started a 
 mint, there being at that time no law against 
 private coinage. They coined $2.50, $5., $10., 
 and $20. gold pieces. The pony express was 
 established in 1860. 
 
 On February 28, 1861, President Buchanan 
 signed the organic act, by which Colorado be- 
 came a territory, and Jefferson Territory with 
 its Provisional Government disappeared. Ida- 
 ho and other names were suggested, but with- 
 out avail. The boundaries of the Territory 
 as established by the act of congress were 
 included in a region between the 37th and 
 41st parallels of latitude, and the 102nd and 
 
 109th meridians of longitude, forming an 
 oblong square with an area of about 104,000 
 square miles. All of Colorado south of the 
 Arkansas, and between that stream and the 
 Rio Grande; and also between lines drawn 
 from the sources of these two streams to the 
 northern boundary, came from what was a 
 part of the Texas Cession. Thus this section 
 of the state has an historical link with the 
 struggle of Texas for independence, the battles 
 of San Jacinto, and the death struggle at the 
 Alamo. The Louisiana Purchase, and part 
 of New Mexico (which also included a por- 
 tion of the Texas Cession) and Utah, all con. 
 tributed to the boundaries of Colorado. 
 
 29 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Colorado Territory Administrations of Governors Gilpin 
 and Evans The Civil War Period. 
 
 OLORADO now a territory, 
 after a long political struggle, 
 was in touch with the nation- 
 al government. Persistent 
 agitation at Washington, in 
 the presentation of their 
 claims for recognition, had 
 been successful. On March 
 22, 1861, President Lincoln sent the following 
 nominations to the senate, as the first officials 
 for the new territory, which were promptly 
 confirmed; Governor, William Gilpin of Mis- 
 souri; Secretary, Lewis Ledyard Weld of 
 Colorado; Attorney General, William L. 
 Stoughton of Illinois; Surveyor General, 
 Francis M. Case of Ohio; Marshal, Copeland 
 Townsend of Colorado; Chief Justice of the 
 Supreme Court, B. F. Hall of New York; 
 Associate Justices, S. Newton Pettis of Penn- 
 sylvania, and Charles Lee Armour of Ohio. 
 Within a short time, James E. Dalliba, suc- 
 ceeded Stoughton as Attorney General. Gov- 
 ernor Gilpin arriving in Denver May 29, 
 1861, was accorded a hearty welcome, and 
 soon assumed the reins of government. Gov. 
 Steele of Jefferson Territory, on June 6, is- 
 sued a proclamation, and after reciting the 
 change in affairs, added: 
 
 "I deem it but obligatory upon me, by 
 virtue of my office, to 'yield unto Caesar the 
 things that are Caesar's,' and I hereby com- 
 mand and direct that all officers holding 
 commissions under me, especially all judges, 
 justices of the peace, etc., etc., shall surrender 
 the same, and from and after this date, shall 
 abstain from exercising the duties of all the 
 offices they may have held, and yield obedi- 
 ence to the laws of the United States, and 
 do it by attending to their proper and legiti- 
 mate avocations, whether agriculture or 
 mining." 
 
 Governor Gilpin was already distinguish- 
 ed as a soldier, and an explorer. He was 
 a major with Doniphan's men in the Mexican 
 War, and had led an expedition against the 
 Indians in the southwest in 1847. He was 
 with Fremont in Colorado in 1843, and a 
 prominent figure in the northwest and the 
 Oregon country. Always enthusiastic con- 
 
 cerning the west, and its future, he was some- 
 times called a dreamer, but the old "Gilpin 
 Dreams" have more than been fulfilled and 
 realized. The new states of which Colorado 
 is one, have and are now developing the re- 
 sources of the great empire that he predicted. 
 Under the instruction of congress, Gov. Gil- 
 pin ordered a census taken, with the result 
 that Denver had a population of less than 
 3,000. The total for the territory was 25,331, 
 divided as follows: white males over 21 years 
 of age, 18,136; under 21 years of age, 2,622; 
 females, 4,484; and negroes, 89. The ju- 
 dicial districts were organized and the judges 
 assigned. The governor issued a procla- 
 mation, dividing the territory into nine coun- 
 cil and thirteen representative districts, and 
 an order made for the election of the terri- 
 torial legislature, and a delegate to congress. 
 Hiram P. Bennett was elected territorial 
 delegate, receiving 6,699 votes as against 
 2,898 cast for his opponent, Beverly D. Wil- 
 liams. 
 
 The first territorial legislature was con- 
 vened in Denver, Sep. 9, 1861, adjourning 
 Nov. 7, that year, and was composed of the 
 following members.: 
 
 Council (Senate) Hiram J. Graham, 
 Amos Steck, Charles W. Mather, H. F. Parker, 
 A. U. Colby, S. M. Robbins, E. A. Arnold, 
 R. B. Willis, and J. M. Francisco. 
 
 House of Representatives (after certain 
 contests had been settled) Daniel Steele, 
 Charles F. Holly, E. S. Wilhite, Edwin Scud- 
 der, William A. Rankin, Jerome B. Chaffee, 
 James H. Noteware, O. A. Whittemore, Dan- 
 iel Witter, George F. Crocker, Jose Victor 
 Garcia, Jesus M. Barella, and George M 
 Chilcott. 
 
 E. A. Arnold of Lake county was elected 
 president of the Council, S. L. Baker, secre- 
 tary, David A. Cheever, assistant secretary, 
 and E. W. Kingsbury, sergeant-at-arms. 
 The house organized with Charles F. Holly 
 of Boulder, as speaker, F. H. Page, chief 
 clerk, and E. P. Elmer, sergeant-at-arms. 
 
 Governor Gilpin completed the territorial 
 organization in making the following ap- 
 pointments: Treasurer, James P. Benson 
 
 30 
 
(succeeded by George T. Clark); Auditor, 
 Milton M. DeLano; and, Superintendent of 
 Schools, William J. Curtice. The legislature 
 divided the territory into seventeen counties, 
 which were: Arapahoe, Boulder, Clear Creek, 
 Costilla, Douglas, El Paso, Fremont, Gilpin, 
 Gaudaloupe, (a few days later changed to 
 Conejos), Huerfano, Jefferson, Lake, Larimer, 
 Park, Pueblo, Summit, and Weld. An act 
 was passed at the first session of the Colorado 
 legislature, locating the capital at "the town 
 of Colorado City, situated on the east bank of 
 the Fontaine qui Bouille, at the mouth of 
 Camp Creek." S. L. Baker of Central City, 
 E. B. Cozzens of Pueblo, and J. M. Holt of 
 Gold Hill, were designated the commis- 
 sioners to select the exact site for the capitol 
 and other territorial buildings. 
 
 In the midst of the organization of the new 
 territory, and putting into operation the ex- 
 ecutive, judicial, legislative departments, and 
 the several county administrations, the civil 
 war had begun. Even before the arrival of 
 Gov. Gilpin, the people of Colorado were agi- 
 tated by the issues of the civil war. The 
 southern influence was strong in this region 
 at that time. Green Russell who led the ex- 
 pedition to Cherry Creek, and John Gregory 
 who discovered the Gregory vein, were from 
 Georgia, while George A. Jackson, who open- 
 ed the rich placers near Idaho Springs, was 
 a native of Missouri. These historical in- 
 cidents are mentioned, but to illustrate 
 many others that could be cited, to show the in- 
 fluence of the south in this section. A large 
 part of the early immigration to the Rocky 
 Mountains at that time, was from Southern 
 states. Yet, the north was ably represented, 
 and historically speaking, the Lawrence party 
 from Kansas, was only a few days behind 
 Green Russell and his Georgians. Although 
 the Northern influence was the stronger and 
 prevailed, yet that of the South was not in- 
 significant. A great mass meeting was held the 
 latter part of April, 1861, in front of the Tre- 
 mont House, Denver, at which Richard So- 
 pris presided and Scott J. Anthony was secre- 
 tary. Patriotic speeches were made, and 
 many of the leading democrats joined with 
 the republicans in pledging Colorado to the 
 Union, and resolutions were adopted to that 
 effect. Richard Sopris sent the following 
 dispatch to President Lincoln: 
 
 "The eyes of the whole world are upon 
 you; the sympathies of the American people 
 are with you; and may the God of Battles 
 sustain the Stars and Stripes." 
 
 Similar patriotic meetings were held in 
 other parts of the state. In the midst of 
 this agitation, one day a confederate flag was 
 raised over the store of Wallingford & Mur- 
 phy, on Larimer street, near 16th. Its re- 
 
 moval by force was threatened by a large 
 crowd that assembled, but more peaceful 
 counsel prevailed. Still the incident gave 
 sufficient warning of the prevailing sentiment, 
 and the confederate flag was taken down, the 
 owners having been given notice that Den- 
 ver was a loyal city. 
 
 Gov. Gilpin, a soldier of the Florida and 
 Mexican wars, and experienced as well in 
 Indian campaigns, began to prepare for the 
 coming crisis. The 1st Colorado Volunteer 
 Infantry was soon raised, with J. P. Slough, 
 Colonel, Samuel F. Tappan, Lieut. Colonel, 
 and John M. Chivington, Major. Supplies 
 and equipment were secured. Zealous and 
 patriotic in a good cause, Gov. Gilpin issued 
 drafts, aggregating a large amount, on the 
 war department to maintain and equip these 
 troops. Colorado merchants accepted the 
 Gilpin drafts as money, and were astounded 
 when Salmon P. Chase, secretary of the 
 treasury, refused to honor and pay the same. 
 He held that Gov. Gilpin was without au- 
 thority to issue these drafts. Merchants be- 
 came clamorous for their money, which was 
 finally paid. While Gov. Gilpin has always 
 been credited with a lofty and patriotic pur- 
 pose; and, although the results later, but em- 
 phasized the necessity to make hurried prepa- 
 rations to protect and save the Rocky Moun- 
 tains to the Union, yet in his unauthorized 
 acts probably lay the main reason for his 
 removal, and the appointment of Dr. John 
 Evans as his successor. 
 
 In the meantime Gov. Gilpin was raising 
 and equipping troops, and the 1st Colorado 
 was rapidly making history. The southern 
 influence proving unequal to the northern 
 sentiment in this territory, an attempt was 
 made to obtain possession of Colorado by 
 another means, hold the mountain passes, and 
 cut off California and the Pacific coast. This 
 led to what is known as the Colorado-New 
 Mexico campaign of 1861-62. The 1st Colo- 
 rado was called into the field to assist in re- 
 pelling the invasion. Two independent and 
 unattached Colorado companies, commanded 
 by Captains T. H. Dodd and James H. Ford, 
 who for a time had been stationed at Fort 
 Garland, were now in New Mexico, and also 
 participated in this New Mexico campaign. 
 Gen. H. H. Sibley with about 4,000 con- 
 federate troops from Texas and the southwest, 
 was coming northwest to attack the Union 
 forces under Gen. R. S. Canby, who had al- 
 ready met with a repulse at Valverde. In 
 that fight, the independent Colorado troops 
 made a gallant stand, but the inexperienced 
 militia of New Mexico gave way, and the 
 Union forces were compelled to retire. The 
 1st Colorado was now hastened to Fort 
 Union, New Mexico, a part of the regiment 
 
 31 
 
reaching that point, March 10. On March 
 26, Major Chivington defeated Sibley's ad- 
 vance in Apache Canon. On the 28th, the 
 main command of the Coloradoans, under 
 Col. Slough, was attacked by the Con- 
 federates at Pigeon's Ranch and was slowly 
 being driven back by a larger force of the 
 enemy, when Major Chivington came up with 
 a vigorous attack in the rear, and saved the 
 day. This sudden check of his forces, to- 
 gether with the loss of baggage and supplies 
 in Apache Canon, caused Sibley to ask for 
 an armistice until March 30, at the expiration 
 of which he retreated. Thus Colorado saved 
 New Mexico to the Union, and prevented the 
 Confederates from obtaining a foothold within 
 her own borders. The two engagements of 
 Apache Canon and Pigeon's Ranch, are some- 
 times considered as one fight, and called the 
 battle of Glorieta, so named for Glorieta Pass. 
 The Union losses in these two engagements 
 were 49 killed, 64 wounded, and 21 captured; 
 and that of the Confederates, 281 killed, 200 
 wounded, and 100 captured. On April 15, 
 there was a skirmish fight at Peralta. During 
 this campaign, the Colorado troops sustained 
 a loss of 56 killed and 91 wounded. 
 
 In February, 1862, Col. J. H. Leavenworth 
 was made Colonel of the 2nd Colorado Volun- 
 teer Infantry, then being organized, and T. 
 H. Dodd, Lieut. -Colonel. The independent 
 companies of Ford and Dodd, that had par- 
 ticipated in the New Mexico campaign were 
 made the nucleus in organizing the 2nd Colo- 
 rado. It was sometime, before it was re- 
 cruited to its full strength, but in the mean- 
 time it performed duty on the frontier. 
 
 In May, 1862, Dr. John Evans succeeded 
 Gilpin as territorial governor of Colorado, 
 serving until October, 1865. He had been 
 a prominent figure in public life in Indiana and 
 Illinois; was a professor at Rush Medical 
 College, Chicago, and the founder of the 
 Northwestern University at Evanston. Dur- 
 ing his gubernatorial administration in Colo- 
 rado, he completed the work of organizing and 
 equipping troops in the civil war, and also 
 defending the frontier against the Indians, 
 after which, in private life he entered upon 
 an era of railroad building and other enter- 
 prises, that rapidly led to the development of 
 Colorado and the vast resources of this re- 
 gion. 
 
 In the fall of 1862, Governor Evans was 
 authorized to raise another regiment, to be 
 known as the 3rd Colorado Volunteer In- 
 fantry, of which Gen. William Larimer was 
 to be Colonel, and S. S. Curtis, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 The outlook for recruiting a full regiment at 
 that time, was not encouraging, and Gen. 
 Larimer resigned. It was understood that 
 when the regiment was organized, J. H. Ford 
 
 was to be Colonel. After organizing five 
 companies, they were sent to Pilot Knob, Mis- 
 souri, forming a part of the army of the fron- 
 tier. The 2nd and 3rd Colorado regiments 
 were both incomplete, and Oct. 11, 1863, they 
 were consolidated into one, and later as 
 mounted, became the 2nd Colorado Volun- 
 teer Cavalry, with the following officers; 
 James H. Ford, Colonel; T. H. Dodd, Lieut.- 
 Col. ; and J. Nelson Smith, and Jesse L. 
 Pritchard, Majors. This regiment performed 
 gallant service in Missouri during the Price 
 campaign in the fall of 1864. Prior to this 
 time, in July 1864, Captain Wagoner and nine 
 of his men had been killed, fighting guerillas 
 near Independence. In the battle of the 
 Blue, Major Smith was killed. The 2nd 
 Colorado Cavalry was in the engagements at 
 Westport, Newtonia, and other battles in 
 this campaign in which they bore an heroic 
 part, and suffered heavy losses in killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 In the fall of 1862, William D. McLain of 
 Denver was commissioned to organize a four 
 gun battery, which was known as the 1st 
 Colorado battery, and also designated as 
 "McLain's Battery." In addition to other 
 services, this battery made a splendid record 
 for bravery and efficiency in the Price raid 
 of 1864, along with the 2nd Colorado Cavalry. 
 The soldier's monument on the State Capitol 
 grounds is inscribed with the names of the 
 battles in the civil war, in which the Colorado 
 troops participated. 
 
 Returning again to the operations of the 
 1st Colorado, Col. Slough was incensed at not 
 being permitted to follow up the successes 
 of the troops against Gen. Sibly, his command 
 being ordered by Gen. Canby to fall back 
 to Fort Union. Col. Slough, owing to 
 this order, resigned, and Major Chivington, 
 the fighting Methodist parson, whose dash 
 and heroic services had made him the popular 
 idol of the troops, was appointed colonel of the 
 1st Colorado. During the summer, Col. 
 Chivington went to Washington, making an 
 unsuccessful effort to have his regiment 
 transferred to the Army of the Potomac. 
 On Nov. 1, 1862, an order was issued by 
 Major Gen. Curtis, changing the regiment 
 from infantry to the 1st Colorado Cavalry, 
 with instructions to rendezvous in Colorado, 
 with headquarters at Denver. They were 
 then continued in the western service, and 
 later bore a conspicuous part in the Indian 
 warfare on the plains. 
 
 The second session of the legislature was 
 convened at Colorado City, July 7, 1862, 
 but being unfavorably impressed with that 
 place as the Capital city, they adjourned to 
 Denver, July 11, where they resumed their 
 deliberations, adjourning August 15. During 
 
 32 
 
this session the question of statehood was 
 agitated, and a measure was submitted to 
 carry out such a provision, but it was de- 
 feated, as it was not deemed advisable to 
 attempt to assume the burden and responsi- 
 bility of a state at that time. In July, 
 1862, Gov. Gilpin who in the meantime had 
 been succeeded by Gov. Evans, announced 
 himself as the "People's" candidate for 
 congress, and proved a strong competitor 
 against Hiram P. Bennett, who was re-elected 
 Oct. 7, 1862, as the nominee of Union Ad- 
 ministration party, the vote being as fol- 
 lows: Bennett, 3,655; Gilpin, 2,312, and 
 J. M. Francisco (Breckenridge Democrat), 
 2,754. At this time the old party lines were 
 more or less ignored in Colorado, many of 
 the Democrats supporting the policy of 
 President Lincoln. 
 
 George W. Lane was in 1862, appointed 
 superintendent of the branch mint at Denver 
 which, for years was conducted more as 
 a place for the deposit of gold bullion, but it 
 was the beginning of what is now the ex- 
 tensive coinage mint in this city. 
 
 At the December session, 1862, the Hon. 
 J. M. Ashley presented in congress an om- 
 nibus bill to establish the states of Nebraska, 
 Colorado, Utah and Nevada. Jan. 5, 1863, 
 Mr. Bennett, the Colorado delegate intro- 
 duced a supplemental bill to provide state- 
 hood for this territory. Both these measures 
 failed. 
 
 On April 19, 1863, Denver was swept by 
 a disastrous fire which destroyed about half 
 the business district, inflicting a loss of about 
 $250,000, but the young city began at once 
 to rebuild, and in a more substantial manner. 
 The two Espinosa, Mexican bandits, in the 
 summer of 1863, killed nine men in the North 
 Park region, where the people were horror 
 stricken and terrified by these crimes. A 
 company was raised, and in the pursuit that 
 followed one of the bandits vas killed in El 
 Paso county. The other escaping, later 
 returned, and was killed by Tom Tobin. 
 
 The first telegraph line to Denver was 
 completed in the beginning of October, 1863, 
 and the first messages sent on the 10th of that 
 month. This line was soon extended to 
 Central City. The rates from Denver for 
 ten words, were: to St. Louis, $5.25; Chicago, 
 $6.50; New York, $9.10; and Boston, $10.25. 
 
 The long and severe drought during the 
 summer of 1863, followed by an early and se- 
 vere winter resulted in a shortage of grain 
 and provisions, which rose to fabulous prices. 
 
 The third session of the legislature was 
 convened at Golden, Feb. 1, 1864; adjourned 
 to meet in Denver, Feb. 4; adjorned sine 
 die March 11. They revised the laws re- 
 lating to corporations, and redistricted the 
 
 territory for the judiciary. An act passed by 
 congress, approved by the president March 
 21, 1864, authorized the election of delegates 
 to meet on the first Monday in July, to form 
 a constitution to be submitted to the people 
 at an election to be held on the second Tues- 
 day in October. This convention met in 
 Golden, and later adjourned to Denver. O. 
 A. Whittemore was elected president, and 
 Eli M. Ashley, secretary. The constitution sub- 
 mitted by the convention was defeated at the 
 fall election, and Allen A. Bradford was 
 elected territorial delegate. 
 
 On May 19, 1864, Denver was visited by 
 the memorable flood in Cherry Creek. Many 
 buildings were swept away, and great damage 
 done. 
 
 In July, 1864, Jim Reynolds, who had 
 been a prospector in Colorado in 1860, but 
 went south to join the Confederate army, re- 
 turned with a band of Texas guerillas, and 
 became notorious by his robberies in Park 
 county. He came independent of any au- 
 thority from the Confederate government, 
 being intent only on robbery and pillage. They 
 were attacked on Deer Creek by a volunteer 
 company of miners, led by Dick Sparks of 
 Summit county. One of the outlaws was 
 killed, but Reynolds, who was wounded, and 
 the rest were scattered. Later Reynolds 
 and four others were taken near Canon City 
 and turned over to the U. S. marshal, A. C. 
 Hunt, who brought them to Denver. After 
 a secret military trial, they were ordered con- 
 veyed to Fort Lyon. Near Russelville, they 
 were shot and killed by their escort, it being 
 reported that the prisoners attempted to es- 
 cape. 
 
 The historic event of 1864, was the battle 
 of Sand Creek. The Arapahoes and Chey- 
 ennes regretted the cession of their lands east 
 of the mountains, made in their treaty of 
 1861 at Fort Bent. Gradually the Indians 
 of the plains assumed a more threatening 
 attitude, and later began attacking the main 
 routes, seizing provisions and taking horses, 
 and interfering with traveling and freighting. 
 On March 30, 1863, Indian marauders were 
 reported near the mouth of the Cache la 
 Poudre. These depredations continued dur- 
 ing 1863, and increasing, the militia was 
 called out in January, 1864. At one time 
 Denver was so panic stricken that Gov. 
 Evans ordered all business places to close 
 daily at 6 :30 p. m. and called on all able bodied 
 men to meet and drill. In June, Henry M. 
 Teller was appointed major general of the 
 militia, with instructions to equip the com- 
 panies as quickly as possible. Gov. Evans 
 sent messengers with overtures of peace to 
 the Indians but without success. He also 
 attempted to separate any friendly from the 
 
 33 
 
hostile Indians, but these efforts were un- 
 availing. Not only in Colorado, but to the 
 north and south along the base of the moun- 
 tains and in the plains, hostile Indians were 
 on the war path. Colorado and other parts 
 of the west, were weakened by the liberal 
 quotas they had supplied in recruiting troops 
 for the civil war. When asked for military 
 assistance, Major General Curtis replied, 
 "we have none to spare, you must protect 
 yourselves." The government was not with- 
 out warning. On April 10, 1863, Gov. Evans 
 informed the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 of the hostile attitude of the Cheyennes and 
 Arapahoes, and the threatened uprising of the 
 Indians. On Nov. 7 the governor also apprised 
 Maj. S. G. Colley, Indian agent on the Ar- 
 kansas, of reports received at the executive 
 office to the effect that a league had been 
 formed by the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Sioux, 
 and Kiowas for the purpose of making war 
 on the settlers, and that he must not issue to 
 the Indians, ammunition and arms. On 
 Nov. 9, Gov. Evans again called the atten- 
 tion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 to the threatened Indian uprising, at the same 
 time submitting trustworthy evidence to 
 support his statements, that the Indians had 
 formed a league, and were continuing their 
 marauding expeditions. Roman Nose who 
 had led the Indians when they murdered the 
 Hungate family in June, 1864, on Running 
 creek, talked with the governor and pro- 
 fessed his friendship. The records are full 
 of the urgent demands of Gov. Evans upon 
 the officials at Washington, giving due warn- 
 ing of threatened dangers, and notification 
 that the Comanches had also joined the 
 league. Gov. Evans also forwarded copies 
 of this correspondence to the Secretary of 
 War and Col. John M. Chivington, then com- 
 manding this military district, instructing the 
 latter to be ready for any emergency. If any- 
 thing was wrong at the battle of Sand Creek, 
 the officials at Washington were at fault and 
 not Gov. Evans, who time and time again 
 had given due and timely warning of the or- 
 ganization of the Indian League, and the 
 threatened hostilities. The murdered Hun- 
 gate family were brought to Denver, and when 
 the victims of the outrage were seen, the 
 people of the city knew that the Indian war 
 had begun. Murders of whites on the plains 
 followed, some of them burned alive, others 
 being the victims of horrible atrocities, and 
 women suffering a fate worse than death. 
 Men, women and children were killed. Major 
 Jacob Downing led a successful expedition 
 against Spotted Horse, defeating his band in 
 Cedar Canon. 
 
 On Sep. 28, 1864, Black Kettle, White 
 Antelope, and Bull Bear of the Cheyennes, 
 
 and Neva and other chiefs of the Arapahoes 
 (Left Hand's Tribe) held a council at Camp 
 Weld, Denver, with Gov. Evans, Col. Chiv- 
 ington, Maj. Wynkoop, Simon Whitley, U. 
 S. Indian agent and a number of citizens. 
 Black Kettle acknowledged the truthfulness 
 of Gov. Evans' statements, but denied that 
 they had entered into a league with the 
 Sioux. Black Kettle professed a desire for 
 peace, but nothing satisfactory was accom- 
 plished, as the Indians must make terms, if 
 so desired, with the military, they being at war 
 with the government. Gen. Curtis approved 
 of this and instructed that no peace should 
 be made without his orders. It is needless 
 to go into a general discussion of the Sand 
 Creek affair. Col. John M. Chivington, who 
 was in command, in making his report states: 
 that he took command of the expedition 
 Nov. 24 (1864) which had been increased by 
 a battalion of the 1st Colorado Cavalry, 
 and reached Fort Lyon on the morning of the 
 29th. Here he was joined by Maj. Scott J. 
 Anthony with 125 men and two howitzers. 
 At daylight, Nov. 29, they struck Sand Creek, 
 about 40 miles from Fort Lyon. Here was 
 discovered an Indian village of 130 lodges of 
 Black Kettle's Cheyennes, and eight lodges 
 of Left Hand's Arapahoes. Chivington form- 
 ed his line of battle, with Lieut. Wilson's 
 battalion of the 1st Colorado Cavalry of 
 125 men, on the right; Col. Shoup's Third 
 Regiment of about 450 men in the center, 
 and Maj Anthony's battalion on the left. 
 It is estimated that from 300 to 600 Indians, 
 male, female, and children were killed. The 
 Colorado troops recalling the atrocities that 
 had been heaped on the whites, were relent- 
 less. While, whatever there may have been 
 of excesses should not be condoned, yet it 
 has ever been thus with the warfare of the 
 whites and the Indian. In the Pequot war 
 in New England, about 600 helpless Indians 
 were slain in one of the forts of Chief Sas- 
 sacus of that nation. Women and children 
 when trying to hide under beds, were killed 
 by the swords of their white pursuers. These 
 Pequots having only their own missile wea- 
 ons, were almost helpless before the rapiers of 
 their enemies, who followed them from wig- 
 wam to wigwam, with bloody slaughter. 
 Then fire was set to wigwams, and many per- 
 ished in the flames. Soldiers stationed out- 
 side the fort, shot down those of the Pequots 
 who attempted to escape, or drove them back 
 to perish by the sword or in the flames. This 
 massacre of the Pequots, in New England, 
 and similar instances could be given of other 
 atrocities in the east, is no excuse for any 
 wrongs that may have been committed at 
 Sand Creek. This instance of colonial his- 
 tory is only cited for the purpose of showing 
 
 -34 
 
that New England, when under similar provo- 
 cation, actually massacred at one time as 
 many if not more Indians than were killed 
 at Sand Creek by the Colorado troops. One 
 tragedy is no excuse for another, but the 
 eastern historian, living in his own glass house, 
 should not throw stones at the west. 
 
 The pivotal point in the Sand Creek 
 fight is, the claim by those who denounce 
 Chivington and his men, that these Indians 
 at Sand Creek had been under the pro- 
 tection of Major Anthony. This is denied. 
 It has been affirmed and denied these many 
 years, notwithstanding the investigation made 
 by congress and the court martial proceedings 
 against Col. Chivington. The greater pro- 
 portion of Colorado people stood by Chiving- 
 ton. 
 
 The Indian troubles were not yet ended. 
 In January, 1865, Gen. G. M. Dodge was 
 ordered to open up the lines of communi- 
 cation and telegraph and travel, that had been 
 cut and impeded by the Indians, along the 
 overland stage route. Indians were con- 
 tinuing their depredations, and before the 
 campaign was over, in the summer of 1865, 
 about 10,000 troops were sent to the west. 
 They were scattered through Fort Kearney, 
 Julesburg, Camp Collins (Fort Collins) and 
 on to Fort Laramie. Provisions were very 
 high, and for a time Denver was panic stricken. 
 The fourth session of the territorial general as- 
 sembly of Colorado was convened at Golden, 
 Jan. 2, 1865, and adjourned Feb. 10. Col. 
 Thomas Moonlight of Kansas, in January, 
 1865, assumed at Denver, military command of 
 this district. The legislature not meeting his 
 views in the enactment of certain laws in 
 regard to the militia, Col. Moonlight de- 
 clared martial law. Acting Governor Elbert 
 in February, raised several quotas, which he 
 sent along the South Platte towards Julesburg, 
 who returned in April. Prior and during this 
 time, the volunteer troops along the northern 
 
 line had been active, and in March, Gen. P. E. 
 Conner was placed in command of ,the dis- 
 trict which included Colorado, and later led 
 the Powder river expedition, and the hostili- 
 ties of the Indians ceased. 
 
 The civil war having ended, the Indians 
 again peaceful, and with an increase of im- 
 migration, the question of statehood presented 
 itself in a more emphatic way. The need of a 
 railway was urgent. It was realized that 
 with one member of congress and two U. S. 
 senators, Colorado as a state would accom- 
 plish better results in obtaining railroads and 
 other recognition, than if it remained a ter- 
 ritory. Accordingly, after the preliminary 
 meetings and the selection of members, a 
 constitutional convention was convened in 
 Denver, August 8, 1865. W. A. H. Loveland 
 was elected president and W. D. Anthony 
 secretary. The constitution which was fram- 
 ed, on being submitted to the people, was 
 adopted by majority of 155 votes, and nomi- 
 nations were made for offices. Former Gov. 
 Gilpin was elected governor and George M. 
 Chilcott, was sent to congress. The. legis- 
 lature met in Golden, and adjourned to Den- 
 ver Jan. 4, 1866. Believing that statehood 
 was assured, former Gov. Evans and Jerome 
 B. Chaffee were elected to the U. S. Senate. 
 
 But now a new and disturbing element was 
 intruded into the politics of the Territory. 
 Although Gov. Evans had given Colorado a 
 wise and patriotic administration, yet the 
 Sand Creek affair was urged against him, and 
 finally bore its results. President Johnson 
 brought about a change, and in October, 
 1865, Alexander Cummings of Pennsylvania 
 was appointed Governor. Cummings was op- 
 posed to the statehood plan, and succeeded 
 in disconcerting the attempts made to ac- 
 complish that result. During his adminis- 
 tration, Governor Evans became the founder 
 of the University of Denver, first known as 
 Colorado Seminary, a charter being granted 
 by the territorial legislature. 
 
 35 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 From Governor Cummings to Governor Routt, and the 
 Beginning of the Statehood Period. 
 
 LEXANDER CUMMINGS, 
 Governor of Colorado Ter- 
 ritory (1865-67), entered up- 
 on the duties of that office 
 in October, 1865. His pred- 
 ecessors, Governors Gilpin 
 and Evans, had been through 
 strenuous years in their ad- 
 ministrations, for those were the days of the 
 civil war, and coupled with that of Gov. 
 Evans who had served the longer term, was 
 the Indian war on the plains in 1864-65. 
 Peace having come, civil and internal affairs 
 began to receive more attention. During the 
 civil war period, many of the democrats had 
 combined with republicans. But the war was 
 now a closed issue. Party lines were begin- 
 ning to readjust themselves, and more in- 
 trigue and partisanship became manifest. 
 The policy adopted by Gov. Cummings, how- 
 ever laudable his intentions may have been, 
 encouraged an acute situation in the political 
 condition, fostering rather than allaying the 
 growing discontent. Gilpin and Evans were 
 more in touch with western sentiment, both 
 intensely patriotic, but differing widely in 
 temperament. Gov. Cummings, on the other 
 hand, had been trained in the far eastern 
 and more exacting school of politics in Penn- 
 sylvania. Although he had the support of 
 strong and able men, such as A. C. Hunt, 
 afterwards governor, yet he was not of that 
 mould or character to awaken hearty en- 
 thusiasm in the west, and he irritated mat- 
 ters by adopting a course that was not in ac- 
 cord with the general public sentiment. 
 During his administration, and through that 
 of his successors, Hunt, McCook, and Elbert, 
 and McCook a second time, territorial politics 
 were permeated with intrigue and partisan- 
 ship, for some of which, these governors were 
 not altogether to blame. Harsh criticism 
 should be weighed with some grains of al- 
 lowance, owing to the intense feeling and bit- 
 terness which at times prevailed, during that 
 period. Not until the appointment of Gov. 
 John L. Routt, who possessed firmness with 
 strong executive ability and an unusual sup- 
 ply of hard, practical common sense, did a 
 
 more peaceful condition become apparent in 
 the political situation. The strong and ef- 
 fective balance wheel in those days, was 
 "Governor" Frank Hall as he was then com- 
 monly known. He was Secretary of the 
 Territory from 1866 until 1874, serving under 
 Governors Cummings, Hunt, McCook and 
 Elbert. In the absence of the governor, 
 the secretary performed not only the duties of 
 his own office, but that of the governor as well. 
 As a considerable portion of the time of these 
 executives was spent in Washington, Frank 
 Hall frequently, and often for some length 
 of time, became the acting governor, exer- 
 cising the functions of the chief executive, 
 even to delivering an "Acting" Governor's 
 message to the legislature. He was a strong 
 and fearless man, whom the people trusted, 
 and often, but for his restraining influence, 
 political conditions may have proven more 
 unbearable. He so frequently performed the 
 duties of the gubernatorial office, that some 
 think he should be considered one of the gov- 
 ernors of Colorado. He subsequently pub- 
 lished an interesting history of Colorado in 
 four volumes, replete with intimate details. 
 He was adjutant-general two years under 
 Gov. Pitkin and since that time, his old and 
 popular title of "Governor" has been sup- 
 planted by that of "General" Frank Hall. 
 
 Gov. Cummings inaugurated a campaign 
 against the plan to make Colorado a state. 
 Samuel H. Elbert, still holding the office of 
 secretary of the territory, as he had under 
 Gov. Evans, was in sympathy with the state- 
 hood scheme. Friction naturally arose be- 
 tween him and Cummings, and the latter 
 took from him the custody of the territorial 
 seal. These and other acts brought about a 
 condition so exasperating, that Elbert re- 
 signed. Gov. Cummings requested Frank 
 Hall, a member of the house from Gilpin 
 county in the general assembly, to take the 
 office vacated. Mr. Hall at first declined. 
 After Cummings insisted, he permitted the 
 governor to send his name to Washington, 
 and thus he reluctantly, became secretary 
 of the territory. 
 
 President Andrew Johnson sent the fol- 
 
 36 
 
lowing communication to congress on January 
 12, 1866: 
 
 "I transmit herewith a communication 
 addressed to me by Messrs. John Evans and 
 J. B. Chaffee as U. S. Senators elect from the 
 State of Colorado, together with accompany- 
 ing papers. Under authority of the act of 
 congress, received the 21st day of March, 
 1864, the people of Colorado, through a con- 
 vention framed a constitution making pro- 
 vision for a state government which, when 
 submitted to the qualified voters of the terri- 
 tory, was rejected. In the summer of 1865, 
 a second convention of the several political 
 parties in the territory was called, which 
 assembled in Denver on the 8th day of Aug- 
 ust. On the 12th of that month this con- 
 vention adopted a state constitution which 
 was submitted to the people on the 12th day 
 of September and ratified by a majority of 
 one hundred and fifty-five of the qualified 
 voters. The proceedings in the second in- 
 stance having differed in time and mode from 
 those specified in the act of March 21st, 1864, 
 I have declined to issue the proclamation for 
 which provision is made in the 5th section 
 of the law, and therefore submit the question 
 for consultation and further act of Congress." 
 
 This action by President Johnson pre- 
 vented the seating of Gov. Evans and Jerome 
 B. Chaffee as U. S. Senators from Colorado, 
 and it has been claimed that the attitude of 
 the president in this matter was influenced 
 by Gov. Cummings and his friends, who at 
 this time opposed the admission of Colorado 
 as a state. 
 
 The situation was complicated in Colo- 
 rado at this time by the race question. The 
 negroes petitioned the legislature to extend 
 to them the right of suffrage, and that their 
 children be permitted to attend the public 
 schools. 
 
 The fifth general assembly of Colorado 
 had convened at Golden, but on January 4, 
 1866, had adjourned to Denver. Gov. Cum- 
 mings sent a special message to that body, en- 
 dorsing the petition and claims made by 
 the negro people. At an election held in 1865, 
 the question of admitting the negro children 
 to the public schools, had been decided against 
 the latter, and the general assembly refused 
 to consider what it claimed had been rejected 
 by a popular vote of the people. 
 
 The weapon most effectively used by 
 Cummings against the admission of Colorado 
 as a state, was the meager population. The 
 statehood leaders asserted that Colorado 
 then had from 50,000 to 60,000 inhabitants, 
 while Cummings placed the number at about 
 25,000, as shown by the census. On May 3, 
 1866, a bill was passed by congress, admitting 
 
 Colorado as a state. This measure was 
 vetoed by President Johnson, who set forth 
 that the population was insufficient to bear 
 the burdens of a state government, also inti- 
 mating that the constitution' had been car- 
 ried by a fraudulent vote. Former Gov. 
 Evans and Jerome B. Chaffee, the senators 
 elect from Colorado, refused to pledge their 
 votes to sustain the reconstruction measures 
 advocated by President Johnson. If Evans 
 and Chaffee had supported Johnson's policy, 
 Colorado would then have probably become 
 a state. Trouble also ensued over the elec- 
 tion, held Aug. 7, to choose a delegate to 
 congress. George M. Chilcott was elected 
 by the returns, over his competitor, A. C. 
 Hunt. Cummings interfered with the work 
 of the Territorial Board of Canvassers, which 
 had a most tempestuous meeting, and he 
 certified to the election of Mr. Hunt. The 
 board also sent its findings to congress, which 
 resulted in the seating of Mr. Chilcott. 
 During the canvass of the Chilcott-Hunt 
 vote in Colorado, Cummings telegraphed to 
 Washington, demanding the removal of Frank 
 Hall, Secretary of the Territory. Acting 
 on this advice, President Johnson named a 
 Mr. Hood his successor, but the nomination 
 not being confirmed in the senate, Frank Hall 
 remained in the office. 
 
 In 1866, a census of the territory was taken 
 under an act of the legislature, the population 
 being 27,931, that of Denver 3,500. In 
 January, 1867, congress passed, another bill 
 to admit Colorado as a state, which was also 
 vetoed by the president. Evans and Chaffee, 
 the Colorado Senators elect, still continued 
 the fight for statehood, but without effect. 
 
 A. C. Hunt, Territorial Governor (1867- 
 69) of Colorado, succeeded Cummings in 
 May, 1867. He had been U. S. Marshal, 
 and the firm friend of his predecessor, and 
 thoroughly understood the political situation. 
 Probably no chief executive of Colorado ever 
 exercised a greater influence over the Indians 
 than Hunt. He was a man of decided ex- 
 ecutive ability, and later was associated with 
 Gen. William J. Palmer in building the Den- 
 ver & Rio Grande railroad. Gov. Hunt 
 was confronted with an Indian outbreak, and 
 during the summer (1867), this region was 
 visited by the grasshopper (locust) plague, 
 being the second of this misfortune in Colo- 
 rado, the first having occurred in 1864. The 
 ranchmen lost heavily, and agricultural in- 
 terests received a serious blow. In the spring 
 of 1867, the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, com- 
 bining with the Sioux, became very trouble- 
 some, and although the regular troops of the 
 government were on the frontier, the Indians 
 committed some depredations along the 
 
 37 
 
Platte, and the settlers were in the midst of 
 constant danger. The seventh general as- 
 sembly was convened at Golden Dec. 2, ad- 
 journed to Denver, Dec. 9, and adjourned 
 sine die, Jan. 10, 1868. But little important 
 legislation was accomplished. During the 
 Indian wars in Colorado, up to the present 
 times, the whites had been at peace with the 
 Utes. The outbreaks and disturbances had 
 been mainly confined to the tribes on the 
 plains. The Tabeguache Utes, by a treaty 
 in 1863, had been given a reservation in 
 western Colorado. Other bands of Utes later, 
 became unfriendly because they were not 
 included in the treaty, but no serious dis- 
 turbances occurred, yet they remained rest- 
 less and dissatisfied. Gov. Hunt, Kit Carson, 
 and N. G. Taylor, commissioners appointed 
 for that purpose, made a treaty in March, 
 1868, with the Utes, in which the latter re- 
 linquished all their lands in Colorado except 
 that portion south of the 40th parallel and 
 west of the 107th meridian, which was to 
 remain as their reservation. The Grand 
 River, and the Yampah, or Bear River 
 Bands, were established in the northern part, 
 with their agency on White river, and be- 
 came known as the White River Utes. The 
 central agency was located at Los Pinos for 
 the Uncompahgres and Tabeguaches, while 
 the Capotes, Muaches, and Weeminuches 
 were assigned to the southern part, without 
 an agency at that time. Certain annuities 
 were to be allowed, and Ouray was made the 
 chief of all the bands. In the treaty of July 
 3, 1868, the Shoshone and Bannock Indians 
 ceded a large tract of land in Colorado, west 
 of the North Platte, and north of the Yampah. 
 Thus all of Colorado was open for settlement, 
 except the western part that was included in 
 the Ute reservation. A band of Cheyennes, 
 whose nation had already been committing 
 depredations on the plains, passed into the 
 Ute country in September, 1868, killing sev- 
 eral of that tribe, and when returning, stole 
 a number of horses. They were followed by 
 volunteers, but escaped. The Indian sit- 
 uation on the plains became acute in 1868, and 
 a general uprising was imminent. General 
 Sheridan was in command, and established 
 headquarters at Fort Hays. The Chey- 
 ennes and Arapahoes were on the war path 
 in Colorado, some of the latter tribe camping 
 for a time at Colorado City. Among the 
 victims of these raids were Mrs. Henrietta 
 Dieterman, and her son about five years of 
 age, on Comanche creek. When their bodies 
 were brought to Denver, and the horribly 
 mutilated condition of the mother's remains 
 were made known, great excitement prevailed. 
 There were cries for vengeance, and volun- 
 
 teers were raised, who, commanded by 
 Maj. Downing, were sent out on the Bijou 
 where several atrocities had been committed, 
 but they failed to find any Indians, as they 
 had escaped. In August, the Indians raided 
 Larimer county, killing William Brush and 
 two of his men, and stealing stock. 
 
 It was during this war, that one of the 
 historic battles with the Indians, took place 
 on Beecher Island, on the Arickaree on the 
 eastern border of Colorado. Here Col. G. A. 
 Forsythe with a small band of scouts was at- 
 tacked by several hundred hostiles, making 
 one of the bravest and most memorable de- 
 fences in Indian warfare. On the 10th of 
 September, 1868, Col. Forsythe left Fort 
 Wallace, Kansas, with forty-seven men, sup- 
 plied with ten days' rations. On the Arick- 
 aree, he defeated a small band that had be- 
 set his camp on the 16th, and was then 
 suddenly attacked by the main body con- 
 sisting of 700 hostiles. Retreating to an 
 island, now known as Beecher island, in the 
 Arickaree, they made an heroic resistance 
 against the horde of savages that now sur- 
 rounded them on all sides. Failing to effect 
 the capture of Forsythe's men by several 
 charges, led by Roman Nose, a chief of the 
 Arapahoes, the Indians then began a siege. 
 Scouts left in the night to give warning at 
 Fort Wallace, while Forsythe and his men 
 bravely held out. A scanty water supply 
 was obtained by digging in the sand. They 
 fed on dead horses until the flesh became 
 putrid. Eight were killed and twenty wound- 
 ed before relief arrived. Among the dead 
 was Lieut. Beecher for whom the island has 
 since been named. A monument has been 
 erected to commemorate the heroism of the 
 defense in that fight. This war on the plains 
 ended by the severe chastisement and defeat 
 inflicted upon Black Kettle Nov. 27 by Gen. 
 Custer, on the Washita. 
 
 A serious American-Mexican riot occurred 
 at Trinidad New Year's day, 1868. It 
 started over a trivial matter pertaining to a 
 wrestling match, but resulted in three being 
 killed and several wounded, before peace was 
 restored. 
 
 During 1868 there was, more or less effort 
 to secure the admission of Colorado as a state. 
 In September that year, Allen A. Bradford 
 was elected delegate to succeed Chilcott in 
 congress. U. S. Senators elect Evans and 
 Chaff ee, that same month, resigned as such, 
 so that all personal issues might be eliminated 
 in the statehood fight. But the agitation 
 waned, and no further effort in this line was 
 made for some time. 
 
 Gen. Edward M. McCook was appointed 
 Governor (1869-73, reappointed, 1874-75) of 
 
 38 
 
the Territory of Colorado June 15, 1869, by 
 President Grant to succeed Hunt, who had been 
 suddenly removed. Gen. McCook was of the 
 "fighting McCook" family, and it was but na- 
 tural that Grant should reward one of his old 
 soldiers with such an appointment. In Septem- 
 ber, 1870, Jerome B. Chaff ee was elected dele- 
 gate to congress, and re-elected in 1872. The 
 census of 1870 gave Colorado a population 
 of 39,864, with property of an assessed value 
 of about $18,000,000. The eighth general 
 assembly of the territory was convened in 
 Denver Jan. 3, 1870, and adjourned Febru- 
 ary llth, and the ninth session met Jan. 1, 
 1872, adjourning February 9th. 
 
 At the 9th session of the general assembly, 
 a bill was passed appointing the governor, 
 secretary, and chief justice, a commission to 
 arrange for the erection of a capitol building. 
 When donations to the amount of $10,000 
 should have been received, they were authorized 
 to sell lots set apart for the purpose to pro- 
 vide a fund, and erect a capitol building. 
 Prior to this, however, the seventh general 
 assembly passed an act transferring the capi- 
 tal from Golden to Denver. The bill also 
 contained a provision that a tract of land 
 should be donated for capitol building pur- 
 poses. The commissioners who were ap- 
 pointed under the act of 1867 to locate the 
 site for the capitol, were: A. A. Bradford of 
 Pueblo, William M. Roworth of Central-City, 
 and J. M. Marshall of Denver. These pre- 
 liminaries in legislation were followed later 
 by Henry C. Brown's donation of the 
 present site, which has been increased by an 
 additional purchase. Thus was the begin- 
 ning made towards the present handsome 
 state capitol and grounds. The further at- 
 tempt in congress during 1871-2, to secure the 
 admission of Colorado as a state, having failed, 
 the legislature in 1872 adopted a memorial 
 for an enabling act. Dissatisfaction as to 
 the expenditure of the appropriation for the 
 Indians, involved Gov. McCook, who was 
 also superintendent for the Indians. Nothing 
 was proven to incriminate the governor, but 
 an opportunity was afforded his opponents 
 to make war on his administration. A pe- 
 tition was also signed remonstrating against 
 his re-appointment, and requesting the ap- 
 pointment of Samuel H. Elbert, which proved 
 effective. 
 
 During the administration of Gov. Mc- 
 Cook, several events occurred not of a po- 
 litical nature, which had an important bearing 
 on the future of Colorado. 
 
 On June 15, 1870, the first construction 
 train of the Denver Pacific, drawn by a lo- 
 comotive named "D. H. Moffat," pulled into 
 Denver. On June 24 the road was completed 
 and accepted, connecting Denver with the 
 
 Union Pacific, and thus this city was first 
 given a railway outlet. In August, 1870, 
 the Kansas Pacific was completed to Denver. 
 On September 23, 1870, the Colorado Central 
 Railroad was finished as far as Golden, and 
 traffic established between Denver and that 
 point. Articles of incorporation were filed 
 Oct. 27, 1870 by the Denver & Rio Grande 
 Railway Company, and the work of building 
 that great system was inaugurated in March, 
 1871. The Denver & Boulder Valley Rail- 
 road opened for business in January, 1871. 
 This was an era making period. These and 
 other great enterprises were laying the foun- 
 dation for Colorado's future. In the spring 
 of 1870, the Greeley Colony was established. 
 Although there had been some development 
 in the irrigation problem from the early 
 garden tracts and pioneer ranches, that raised 
 products for the first settlers, yet now were to 
 be proven those facts that have made Colo- 
 rado a rich agricultural region. Old and new 
 mining camps were being developed. The 
 railroads were planing new towns, and there 
 was a rushing and crowding together of his- 
 torical events. 
 
 Samuel H. Elbert was appointed Governor 
 (1873-74) as the successor of McCook, and 
 assumed the duties of that office, in April, 
 1873. He was the son-in-law of former 
 Gov. Evans, under whom he had served as 
 secretary of the territory. Elbert's appoint- 
 ment was well received, but McCook, feeling 
 that an injustice had been done in his re- 
 moval, began to plan for his own re-appoint- 
 ment. This political fight has been desig- 
 nated as the McCook-Elbert war, in which 
 much partisan feeling was displayed. During 
 Elbert's brief administration, several import- 
 ant state institutions were established. He 
 called a convention of delegates from the west, 
 which was held in Denver, to discuss the arid 
 land question, and the development of sup- 
 posed millions of acres of worthless land. It 
 was but the beginning of similar conventions 
 that are now convened on irrigation problems, 
 and the development of the agricultural re- 
 sources. The appeal of an old soldier to an 
 old soldier was not without its effect, and es- 
 pecially as McCook claimed that he was en- 
 titled to a vindication. The re-appointment 
 of McCook was sudden and set the political 
 pot boiling at fever heat. The democrats 
 were quick to take advantage of the situation. 
 In September, 1874, Thomas M. Patterson 
 was elected delegate to congress, defeating 
 the republican nominee. The republicans 
 were split into factions, and President Grant 
 recognizing the serious condition in which his 
 party had been placed, appointed Routt to 
 succeed McCook as governor. 
 
 John L. Routt, Governor (Territorial, 
 
 39 
 
1875-76; State, 1877-79, 1891-93) of Colo- 
 rado, during the last of the territorial period, 
 assumed the duties of that office March 30, 
 1875. He found the republican party torn 
 asunder by factional feeling, but being a born 
 leader, and of unusual executive ability, he 
 began to heal these party differences, and 
 place it in a position where it held full sway 
 in state politics for a number of years. The 
 statehood plan had now been revived and 
 pushed with energy. Prominent leaders of 
 both parties favored the admission of Colo- 
 rado as a state, republicans and democrats, 
 both hoping to carry it in the coming 
 (1876) presidential election. After a long and 
 strenuous fight, the enabling act for the ad- 
 mission of Colorado was passed, and signed 
 by President Grant March 3, 1875. Pursuant 
 to this act, an election was held to choose 
 delegates to frame a constitution, and the 
 following were elected: H. P. H. Bromwell, 
 Casimero Barela, William E. Beck, George 
 Boyles, Byron L. Carr, William H. Cushman, 
 William M. Clark, A. D. Cooper, Henry R. 
 Crosby, Robert Douglas, Frederick J. Ebert, 
 Lewis C. Ellsworth, Clarence P. Elder, Wil- 
 liam B. Felton, Jesus Maria Garcia, John S. 
 Hough, Daniel Hurd, Lafayette Head, Wil- 
 liam H. James, William R. Kenedy, William 
 Lee, Alvin Marsh, William H. Meyer, S. J. 
 
 Plumb, George E. Pease, Robert A. Quillian, 
 Lewis C. Rockwell, Wilbur F. Stone, William 
 C. Stover, Henry C. Thatcher, Agapito Vigil, 
 W. W. Webster, George C. White, Ebenezer 
 T. Wells, P. P. Wilcox, John S. Wheeler, J. 
 W. Widderfield, J. C. Wilson, and Abram K. 
 Yount. 
 
 The constitutional convention, composed 
 of thirty-nine members, was convened at 
 Denver in December, 1875, and remained in ses- 
 sion until in March, 1876. Joseph C. Wilson 
 was elected president, and W. W. Coulson, sec- 
 retary. The constitution prepared by this 
 convention was an able document, and ex- 
 cept for some few amendments, remains in- 
 tact. Repeated efforts have been made pro- 
 viding for the holding of another constitu- 
 tional convention, but so thorough was the 
 original, the people have been unwilling to 
 risk any change, except in adopting an oc- 
 casional amendment that may have been sub- 
 mitted by the legislature. 
 
 This constitution was adopted by a vote 
 of the people, and on August 1, 1876, Presi- 
 dent Grant issued his proclamation declaring 
 that Colorado was admitted as a state. Ow- 
 ing to the date of its admission, it is known 
 as the "Centennial" state. The columbine 
 has been adopted as the state flower, and the 
 blue spruce as the state tree. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Colorado as a State The Period from Governor Routt 
 
 to Governor Waite. 
 
 HE political history of Colo- 
 rado during the statehood 
 period, as at present de- 
 veloped, naturally divides it- 
 self into two parts. 
 
 1. From Gov. John L. 
 Routt to Gov. Davis H. 
 Waite. 
 
 2. From Gov. Waite to the present time, 
 (1911.) 
 
 During the period, from the administration 
 of Gov. Routt, the first chief executive of 
 Colorado as a state, up to that of Gov. Waite, 
 there were seven gubernatorial administra- 
 tions, of which five were republican and two 
 democratic, as follows: 
 
 Republicans Governors John L. Routt, 
 Frederick W. Pitkin (two terms in succession,) 
 Benjamin H. Eaton, Job A. Cooper, and John 
 L. Routt. 
 
 Democrats James B. Grant, whose ad- 
 ministration came between that of Pitkin and 
 Eaton, and Alva Adams, between that of 
 Eaton and Cooper. 
 
 During this first period, party lines were 
 drawn on republican and democratic issues, 
 and campaigns were conducted and fought 
 out on that alignment, during which time two 
 democrats were elected governor, in what was 
 then a republican state. The greenback, 
 prohibition, socialist, and farmers' alliance, 
 had not yet developed more than a scatter- 
 ing vote. 
 
 With the election of Gov. Waite, there 
 followed a new alignment, or more strictly 
 speaking, a breaking up of old party lines. 
 With and since his administration there have 
 been populist, republican, democratic, citi- 
 zens, silver republican, socialist, prohibition, 
 and fusion tickets. The voters have swung 
 from one party to another, through restless 
 political conditions, which even now are 
 marked with more or less instability. 
 
 Political activity was aroused, now that 
 Colorado was a state, and both the old parties 
 placed in nomination exceptionally strong 
 tickets for the election, which was held Oct. 
 3, 1876. After a thorough canvass and an 
 exciting campaign, the republicans carried 
 the state, electing the following ticket: Gov- 
 
 ernor, John L. Routt; Lieutenant Governor, 
 Layfayette Head; Secretary of State, Wil- 
 liam Clark; Auditor of State, David C. Craw- 
 ford; Treasurer of State, George C. Corning; 
 Attorney General, Archibald J. Sampson; 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, Joseph 
 C. Shattuck; Justices of the Supreme Court, 
 Henry C. Thatcher. Ebenezer T. Wells, and 
 Samuel H. Elbert. At the same time, James 
 B. Belford was elected to fill the unexpired 
 term of the 44th congress, and the full term 
 of the 45th. Gen. Bela M. Hughes, the 
 democratic candidate for governor, though 
 defeated, made a gallant fight. A disputed 
 question complicated the political situation, 
 as to the exact date for holding the congres- 
 sional election for the 45th congress, and the 
 secretary of state issued a notice for another 
 election on November 7th, for that purpose. 
 The republicans paid no attention io this 
 notice, although inclined at first to enter the 
 canvass. Belford had already been declared 
 elected to the 44th congress by a majority 
 of 437 votes, and 988 for the 45th. Thomas 
 M. Patterson, who had been the democratic 
 nominee against Judge Belford, had his name 
 placed on the ballots for the election of Nov- 
 ember 7th, but Belford claiming to have been 
 legally chosen, refused to participate therein. 
 A light vote was polled, Patterson receiving 
 3,580; Belford, 172; and, scattering, 77. There 
 was no doubt as to Belford's election to the 
 44th congress, but the Hayes-Tilden contest 
 presented new obstacles. The claim was 
 made that congress had the right to pass upon 
 the question as to whether a state had been 
 legally admitted, notwithstanding the presi- 
 dent's proclamation. After a prolonged fight, 
 Judge Belford was seated, serving hardly more 
 than a month in the 44th congress. Mr. Pat- 
 terson successfully contested Judge Belford's 
 seat in the 45th congress, on the ground that 
 under the enabling act, the election for con- 
 gressman should have been held on the 7th 
 of November. 
 
 The first general assembly of the State 
 of Colorado was convened on Nov. 1, 1876, 
 in which the republicans had a large majority. 
 W. W. Webster of Summit county was elected 
 president pro tempore of the senate, and 
 
 41 
 
George T. Clark of Arapahoe, secretary. In 
 the house, Webster D. Anthony of Arapahoe 
 was chosen speaker, and W. B. Felton of 
 Saguache, chief clerk. The first bill in- 
 troduced, provided that on Nov. 7th, the sen- 
 ate and house in joint session, should pro- 
 ceed to the selection of three presidential 
 electors, and on that date Herman Beckurts, 
 Otto Hears, and Willian L. Hadley, were 
 elected. The republican majority of the 
 legislature elected Jerome B. Chaffee and 
 Henry M. Teller to the United States Senate, 
 while the democratic minority, in caucus, 
 agreed to cast their votes for W. A. H. Love- 
 land and Thomas Macon. Chaffee and Tel- 
 ler were seated Dec. 4, 1876, Chaffee drawing 
 the longer and Teller the shorter term. On 
 Dec. 9, 1876, Mr. Teller was elected for the 
 full term of six years from March 3, 1877. 
 
 About this time discoveries were being 
 made, that a little later developed the great 
 Leadville mining excitement. It was in this 
 locality, that the Colorado miners in 1859 and 
 1860, had panned out gold in California Gulch, 
 without a thought as to the richness of the 
 carbonates of that district. In 1876, some 
 few prospects were developed, followed by a 
 little more activity in 1877, when that sec- 
 tion began to attract attention. In 1878, the 
 big boom was on which continued for several 
 years, and Leadville became the great mining 
 camp of the world, making H. A. W. Tabor, 
 and others millionaires. Silver Cliff in Cus- 
 ter county also flourished for a time, second 
 only to Leadville. These discoveries were fol- 
 lowed by a rush into the Gunnison country, 
 where Aspen, Pitkin, and other camps were 
 afterward established. There was also activity 
 in the San Juan region. Del Norte and 
 Durango began to flourish as centers for the 
 trade of that region, where had been estab- 
 lished at different intervals, Silverton, Ouray, 
 Lake City. Rico, Ophir, Telluride, and other 
 mining towns. Some parts of the San Juan 
 were almost deserted at the time of the Lead- 
 ville boom, but when the lull came, many re- 
 turning to that rich section, put new life into 
 the old camps, or started new ones. 
 
 In January 1877, the President appointed 
 Moses Hallett, U. S. District Judge for Colo- 
 rado. This eminent jurist held that position 
 until he retired from the bench in 1906, and 
 was succeeded by Judge Robert E. Lewis. 
 Judge Westbrook S. Decker was also ap- 
 pointed U. S. District Attorney, and William 
 L. Campbell, Surveyor of Colorado, also in 
 January, 1877. 
 
 In 1878, the " greenbackers " entered the 
 political field with the republicans and demo- 
 crats, nominating a full state ticket with 
 Dr. R. G. Buckingham at the head for gov- 
 ernor. Both the old parties still main- 
 
 tained their ascendency, and made strong 
 nominations. James B. Belford, republican, 
 defeated Thomas M. Patterson for congress. 
 The republican state ticket was also elected, 
 Frederick W. Pitkin making a successful race 
 against W. A. H. Loveland, democrat, and 
 Dr. Buckingham, greenbacker. 
 
 Frederick W. Pitkin, Governor (1879- 
 1883) of Colorado, was one of the purest and 
 ablest men who has held official position in 
 this state, serving four consecutive years as 
 chief executive, and later making a very close 
 contest for the U. S. Senate. Owing to ill 
 health, Senator Chaffee announced that he 
 would not be a candidate for re-election, al- 
 though afterward he was urged to make the 
 race. In the meantime, Prof. N. P. Hill, who 
 had established the extensive plant of the 
 Boston & Colorado Smelting Company, en- 
 tered the senatorial field on the statement 
 that Chaffee was not a candidate. William 
 A. Hammill, chairman of the republican state 
 central committee, Henry and Edward O. 
 Wolcott, and Charles H. Toll, were the leaders 
 that effected a combination which resulted 
 in the nomination of Prof. Hill in the repub- 
 lican caucus. The democratic minority sup- 
 ported W. A. H. Loveland. In January, 
 1879, N. P. Hill was elected U. S. Senator, to 
 succeed Mr. Chaffee. Senator Hill was one 
 of the strongest and most influential men in 
 the history of the state, and ably represented 
 Colorado at Washington during a term of six 
 years. In addition to his large smelting and 
 mining interests, Senator Hill was also the 
 proprietor of the Denver Republican, which 
 is still owned by his heirs. 
 
 Gov. Pitkin's administration was soon con- 
 fronted by an outbreak of the Utes, and the 
 Meeker massacre on White river followed in 
 1879. Subsequent to the treaty of 1868, still 
 another treaty was made in 1873 by which 
 the Utes ceded the San Juan region, in which 
 prospectors had made rich discoveries of the 
 precious metals. The Indians now claimed the 
 government had not fulfilled its agreements, 
 and especially in the payment of annuities. 
 Another source of irritation was the overflow 
 of the Leadville rush, into the Gunnison 
 country, which resulted in much friction be- 
 tween the whites and the Indians. Here was 
 a vast unexplored region, inhabited by a few 
 Indian tribes, but which, if opened to settle- 
 ment, would become productive of great 
 mineral and agricultural wealth. N. C. 
 Meeker, who bore a prominent part in the 
 founding of the Union colony at Greeley, 
 Colorado, was appointed, early in 1878, agent 
 for the White River Utes. He was accom- 
 panied to the agency by his wife, daughter 
 Josephine, and a few others. The Indians 
 were in a resentful and irritable mood. They 
 
 -42 
 
not only complained of the failure to supply 
 them with their annuities, but tribal jealousies 
 also complicated the situation. Douglas, 
 Colorow, Jack, Johnson, Antelope, and others 
 had looked unkindly upon the supremacy 
 that had been given Ouray. Meeker was a 
 philanthropist and it was his hearty wish to 
 civilize the Utes, but they looked with dis- 
 favor on his humanitarian plans. He but 
 little understood Indian character, and the 
 Utes reluctantly at first yielded to his irri- 
 gating and farming schemes at the agency. 
 In January, 1879, the Colorado legislature 
 memorialized congress to remove the Indians 
 and open their reservation for settlement. 
 The memorial set forth that but 3,000 Utes 
 occupied 12,000,000 acres of valuable lands, 
 and the slogan in Colorado was, "The Utes 
 must go." In the meantime, the Indians 
 would not submit to agent Meeker's discipline, 
 and, in the friction that followed, were almost 
 constantly off their reservation, causing much 
 annoyance to the whites. Later Captain 
 Jack and other chiefs visited Denver and laid 
 their complaints before Gov. Pitkin, also de- 
 manding Meeker's removal. The governor 
 at once warned the departments at Wash- 
 ington of the danger of an outbreak, but it 
 was not then heeded. After further cor- 
 respondence, a company of negro cavalry 
 was dispatched on a scouting expedition in 
 Middle Park. 
 
 During his temporary absence from home, 
 two Utes burned the house of Maj. James B. 
 Thompson, on Bear river, whereupon the 
 latter secured warrants for their arrest. 
 Meeker, in his effort although futile, to assist 
 the sheriff's posse in their attempt to serve 
 these warrants, but increased the enmity 
 of the Utes. A crisis was now imminent, and 
 Gen Sheridan dispatched Maj. Thomas T. 
 Thornburg with a command of three com- 
 panies of cavalry from Fort Steele, Wyoming, 
 to the scene of the threatened outbreak. 
 Thornburg's command was attacked Sep. 29, 
 by Captain Jack and the Utes on Milk river, 
 about 25 miles from the agency. In attempt- 
 ing to reach his wagon train, Maj. Thornburg 
 and thirteen men were killed, and the com- 
 mand now devolved upon Captain Payne, 
 who was besieged by the Indians. In the 
 night, a scout named Rankin, stole his way 
 through the hostiles, and rode a distance of 
 160 miles to Rawlins, in 28 hours, giving 
 warning of the direful straits in which Thorn- 
 burg's command had been placed. Captain 
 Dodge with his negro company, who had 
 been scouting in Middle Park, was reached, 
 and at once hastened to the relief of his com- 
 rades, but it was deemed unwise for him to 
 attack the bluffs and fight a hidden foe. In 
 the meantime, Gen. Wesley Merritt with 
 
 several hundred men, was hurrying to the 
 rescue, and relieved the beleaguered troops, 
 who during six days of intense suffering and 
 hard fighting had been able to maintain a 
 successful resistance, in their hastily con- 
 structed entrenchments. Their loss was 14 
 killed and 43 wounded. Thirty-five Indians 
 are known to have been killed. The same 
 day that Captain Jack attacked Thornburg, 
 Douglas and his band, aided by Persune, 
 carried out their terrible work at the agency. 
 Meeker and eleven employes, all men, were 
 massacred and their bodies horribly mutilated 
 and disfigured. Mrs. Meeker, her daughter 
 Josephine, Mrs. Price, the wife of the black- 
 smith, and her little daughter, three years of age, 
 were made prisoners. In the meantime Ouray 
 had sent word to the settlers of his inability 
 to control the Indians, and also dispatched 
 couriers to the White River Utes requesting 
 them to cease fighting. Gen. Dave Cook was 
 placed in command of the state forces at Lake 
 City, and Gen. Hatch was hurrying regulars 
 to the southwest. Special agent, Charles Adams 
 of the Indian department, and a personal 
 friend of Ouray, was intrusted with the task 
 of rescuing the captive women, which he ac- 
 complished, when he found them at the In- 
 dian camp, on Grand river. The arrival of 
 troops, and the friendly assistance of Ouray, 
 who was a distinguished Indian statesman and 
 friend of the whites, resulted in the restora- 
 tion of peace. In 1880, the White River 
 Utes were removed to Utah. During all 
 this time, Gov. Pitkin was besieged with cor- 
 respondence and telegrams, and kept the 
 situation well in hand. Colorado had barely 
 recovered from the Ute war excitement, when 
 in the spring of 1880, followed the miner's 
 strike in Leadville, over the question of wages. 
 Riots being imminent, Gov. Pitkin declared 
 martial law, and quiet was soon restored. In 
 October, 1880, an anti-Chinese riot broke out 
 in Denver, and before it ended, two Chinese 
 had been killed and several injured. 
 
 At the election, held in the fall of 1880, 
 Garfield carried the state for the presidency. 
 Judge Belford was re-elected to congress, and 
 Pitkin, Governor with the entire republican 
 state ticket. George B. Robinson, who had 
 been elected lieutenant governor, was killed 
 Nov. 29, by a guard at his own mine, who 
 mistook him for a mine jumper. Through 
 his death, Lieutenant Gov. Horace A. W. 
 Tabor, held that position for another term. 
 In April, 1882, Senator Teller resigned his 
 seat in the United States Senate, to accept the 
 portfolio of Secretary of the Interior, in 
 President Arthur's cabinet. This placed Gov. 
 Pitkin in an embarrassing position, for the 
 duty devolved upon him to appoint a suc- 
 cessor to Teller in the Senate, until the meet- 
 
 43 
 
ing of the legislature. Former Gov. Routt, 
 Lt. Gov. Tabor, Judge Thomas M. Bowen, 
 George M. Chilcott, and other republican 
 leaders were applicants for the position. The 
 governor appointed Chilcott, which aroused 
 the opposition of the unsuccessful candidates, 
 and later resulted in the defeat of Gov. Pit- 
 kin for the senate. 
 
 Henry R. Wolcott was the choice of the 
 great mass of republicans for the guberna- 
 torial nomination in 1882, but through the 
 combined efforts of Senator Chaffee and his 
 friends, Mr. Wolcott was defeated for that 
 nomination in the state convention, and 
 Ernest L. Campbell was placed at the head of 
 the ticket. The democrats named an ex- 
 ceptionally popular man when they nomi- 
 nated James B. Grant for governor. The 
 defection of republicans, because of the re- 
 jection of the nomination of Henry R. Wol- 
 cott in the state convention, and the personal 
 strength of James B. Grant, resulted in the 
 election of the latter as governor, but the re- 
 mainder of the republican ticket won out, 
 together with James B. Belford, for congress. 
 Gov. Grant was the first democrat who has 
 held that office in Colorado, and his party 
 was elated in this first breach that was made 
 in a state, that had been accustomed to roll 
 up republican majorities. Gov. Grant was a 
 business man and gave the state a safe and 
 popular administration, in a quiet and unos- 
 tentatious way. There had been so much of 
 war and strikes, and general turmoil and 
 strife, that the people welcomed the respite. 
 The political situation now centered on the 
 election of two U. S. Senators by the legisla- 
 ture, which had convened in January 1883, 
 one for the few weeks remaining of Senator 
 Teller's term, and one for the full period of 
 six years, beginning March 4, 1883. H. A. 
 W. Tabor was elected to fill the unexpired 
 term, to which Gov. Pitkin had temporarily 
 appointed Senator Chilcott. Pitkin was now 
 a candidate for the long term, but the party 
 leaders, whom he ignored in Chilcott's ap- 
 pointment, now combined against him. Al- 
 though Pitkin came within two votes of the 
 nomination, the choice finally fell to Judge 
 Thomas M. Bowen of Del Norte. The ex- 
 pediency of erecting a state capitol building 
 was revived at this session. A bill was passed 
 to that effect, and the following commission- 
 ers were named to. carry out the provisions 
 of the act: John L. Routt, Dennis Sullivan, 
 George W. Kassler, Alfred Butters, E. S. 
 Nettleton, and W. W. Webster. An ap- 
 propriation of $150,000 was provided for the 
 erection of the first wing. In the fall of 1881, 
 by a popular vote, Denver had been selected 
 as the capital city, and that troublesome 
 question having been eliminated, the erection 
 
 of a building could be planned with certainty. 
 What had been formerly known in general 
 terms as the "Gunnison Country," had re- 
 ceived an immense immigration, since the 
 removal of the Utes, and the new counties of 
 Delta, Mesa, and Montrose, were established 
 at this session, and Eagle and Garfield coun- 
 ties in the northwest. Democrats, repub- 
 licans, and greenbackers, all placed candidates 
 in the field for the fall election in 1884, which 
 was also the presidential year, with Cleve- 
 land, Blaine, and Gen. Butler, respectively 
 heading these national tickets. The repub- 
 licans carried the election, state and national, 
 George G. Symes being elected to congress, 
 and Benjamin H. Eaton defeated Alva 
 Adams for governor. The legislature was 
 convened in January, 1885, and the Hill- 
 Teller senatorial fight at once became the 
 pivotal question. Senator Hill, who was a 
 candidate for re-election, was bitterly op- 
 posed by Senator Chaffee and his friends, 
 the latter supporting Senator Teller, who was 
 soon to retire from the cabinet. Senator 
 Teller was re-elected after one of the bitterest 
 and most acrimonious partisan contests in 
 the history of the republican party in Colo- 
 rado. Dennis Sullivan received the compli- 
 mentary vote of the democratic minority 
 for U. S. Senator 
 
 Benjamin H. Eaton, the new governor 
 (1885-1887) was a Colorado pioneer, and early 
 interested himself in irrigation problems. He 
 was one of the most extensive ranchmen and 
 farmers in the state. In May, 1885, the 
 Knights of Labor struck at the Burnham shops 
 of the Denver & Rio Grande Railway. Trouble 
 was precipitated by the employment of non- 
 union men. The strikers armed themselves, 
 and for a time violence was threatened. 
 Some of the leaders were arrested, tried for 
 contempt in violating the orders of the court, 
 and imprisoned for several months, causing 
 much ill will among those favoring labor 
 unions. During Gov. Eaton's administra- 
 tion, there was a large immigration to the 
 agricultural portions of the state, and es- 
 pecially in the so called "arid" regions. In 
 1886, George G. Symes was re-elected to 
 congress, defeating the Rev. Myron W. Reed, 
 and the entire republican state ticket proved a 
 winner with the exception of the head, Alva 
 Adams, democrat, being elected governor, 
 the second of his party to be thus honored in 
 this state. In the preceding election, Adams 
 had been defeated by Eaton, but that did not 
 deter him from making another trial, after 
 receiving the honor of a nomination from his 
 party, with which he was not only very strong, 
 but had a large personal following in the state. 
 He was soon confronted with one of those in- 
 termittent outbreaks of the Utes. Colorow 
 
was accustomed to revisit Colorado on hunt- 
 ing expeditions, and often terrorized the set- 
 tlers by his threats and bulldozing methods. 
 In August, 1887, on one of these expeditions 
 near Meeker, two of his band were accused of 
 stealing horses, and when Sheriff Kendall of 
 Garfield county, attempted their arrest, a 
 fight ensued. From this, a general alarm was 
 sounded along the western border of the 
 state, and after urgent appeals from those on 
 the frontier, the governor sent General 
 George W. West to investigate these rumors. 
 On his recommendation, Brig. Gen. Frank M. 
 Reardon was dispatched with troops to the 
 scene of the troubles. A fight ensued near 
 Rangeley, in which Jasper Ward of the sher- 
 iff's posse was killed, three of the militia were 
 wounded and several Indians were reported 
 slain. 
 
 Four tickets were nominated for the state 
 campaign of 1888, democratic, republican, 
 greenbacker, and prohibitionist. The entire 
 republican ticket was elected, with Job A. 
 Cooper for governor, who received 44,490, 
 as against 39,197 for Thomas M. Patterson, 
 democrat, 2,248 for W. C. Stover, prohi- 
 bitionist, and 1,085 for Rev. Gilbert De La 
 Mater, greenbacker. Hosea Townsend, re- 
 publican was the successful competitor against 
 Thomas Macon for congress. 
 
 Job A. Cooper, Governor (1889-1891) was a 
 banker, who gave the state a good business ad- 
 ministration, which was not disturbed by un- 
 toward events. The legislature, which was re- 
 publican, met in January, 1889, and Edward O. 
 Wolcott was elected to the U. S. Senate, to 
 succeed Thomas M.Bowen. Charles S. Thomas 
 was honored with the complimentary vote of 
 the democratic members, for that high office. 
 At this session of the legislature, the new 
 counties established were: Baca, Cheyenne, 
 Kiowa, Kit Carson, Lincoln, Montezuma, 
 Morgan, Otero, Phillips, Prowers, Rio Blanco, 
 Sedgwick, and Yuma. The rapid growth of 
 the state, especially in the agricultural dis- 
 tricts, is shown in this large number of sub- 
 divisions from the old counties. A compul- 
 sory school law was also enacted. Among the 
 appropriations were: $100,000 for a reforma- 
 tory in Chaff ee county; $20,000 for an or- 
 phan's home in Denver, and $10,000 for a 
 normal school at Greeley. 
 
 The republicans carried the state in 1890, 
 with the exception of two minor nominations 
 on the state ticket, John L. Routt winning 
 over Judge Caldwell Yeaman, the demo- 
 
 cratic nominee, and Hosea Townsend, over 
 his competitor, T. J. O'Donnell. J. G. Coy, 
 the Farmer's Alliance and Trades Union 
 nominee for governor received 5,199, and 
 J. A. Ellet, prohibition, 1,058. This was the 
 third time that Gov. Routt was called upon 
 to fill the chair of the chief executive of this 
 state. When the legislature assembled in 
 January, 1891, the democrats, who were in 
 the minority, cast their vote for Caldwell 
 Yeaman for U. S. Senator, and the republi- 
 cans re-elected Henry M. Teller. During 
 this session, the house of representatives of 
 the legislature was the scene of tumult, and 
 almost a riot for several days. James W. 
 Hanna was elected speaker, but not satisfied 
 with his conduct as the presiding officer, a 
 combination was effected between a faction 
 . of the republicans and the democrats, who 
 declared the speakership vacant, and chose 
 Jesse White for speaker. For some time, 
 there were two presiding officers. Gov. 
 Routt, to whom an appeal had been made to 
 send in troops to prevent a riot, complied 
 only so far as to have them in readiness at 
 the armory, should he be finally justified in 
 the use of so extreme a measure. The matter 
 was referred to the supreme court, and under 
 its decision, White became the regular speak- 
 er. The question that brought on the strife, 
 was the contention of the opposition that it 
 was the prerogative of the house, and not 
 the speaker, to appoint the standing com-, 
 mittees, and Mr. Hanna refusing to make this 
 concession, the successful combination was 
 made against him, that resulted in his dis- 
 comfiture. Although not a part of the 
 speakership controversy, yet incidental to it, 
 Harley McCoy shot and killed Police In- 
 spector Charles A. Hawley, on the street 
 near the assembly chamber. 
 
 Preliminary to the work of preparing for 
 the Columbian exposition at Chicago, Gov. 
 Routt appointed commissioners for that pur- 
 pose. In 1892, both Creede and Cripple 
 Creek were coming into prominence as the 
 new mining camps of the state. During all 
 this time, the silver question was developing 
 more and more into the great issue which it 
 was soon to become, and in which Colorado was 
 to play a prominent part. Up to the present 
 time, the old parties had held the field almost 
 exclusively, but populism, the silver question, 
 the panic of 1893, strikes in the mining camps, 
 presented new issues, and the first of a new 
 alignment came in the coming campaign, 
 resulting in the election of Gov. Waite. 
 
 45 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Period from Governor Waite's Administration to that of 
 Governor Shafroth New Allignment in Political Parties. 
 
 AVIS HANSEN WAITE, 
 Governor (1893-95) of Colo- 
 rado was elected on the 
 populist ticket in 1892, as- 
 sisted by a faction of the 
 democratic party. The last 
 general assembly had re- 
 districted the state, so that 
 the legislature now consisted of 100 members, 
 the senate being increased to 35, and the house 
 to 65. Under the census of 1890, the state 
 was entitled to two representatives in con- 
 gress, and the first and second congressional 
 districts were established, the first composed 
 of the following counties: Larimer, Boulder, 
 Weld, Jefferson, Park, Lake, Morgan, Logan, 
 Washington, Sedgwick, Phillips, Yuma, and 
 Arapahoe; second district, the rest of the 
 state. Among the several issues in the cam- 
 paign of 1892, the paramount question was 
 the remonitization of silver, and its free coin- 
 age. Davis H. Waite was nominated for 
 governor by the people's party, or populist 
 so called. The democratic party was di- 
 vided, the more liberal element endorsing 
 Waite's nomination. The other democratic 
 faction, known in local politics as the "white 
 wings," in which President Cleveland's friends 
 were alligned, placed a ticket of their own in 
 the field, with Joseph H. Maupin at the head, 
 for governor. The republicans nominated 
 for governor, Joseph C. Helm, who had long 
 served on the supreme bench of the state. 
 John C. Hipp was the candidate of the pro- 
 hibitionists for that office. In the first con- 
 gressional district, Lafe Pence was the nomi- 
 nee of the silver democrats and the populists, 
 Earl B. Coe of the republicans, and John G. 
 Taylor of the "white wings" (democrat); in 
 the second congressional district, John C. 
 Bell stood for the populists and democrats, 
 against H. H. Eddy, republican. It was one 
 of the bitter campaigns in Colorado, 
 resulting as follows: Waite, 44,242; Helm, 
 38,806; Maupin, 8,944; and Hipp, 1,764. 
 Waite, with the entire fusion ticket was 
 elected, including Lafe Pence from the first 
 district, and John C. Bell from the second, to 
 the 53rd congress. 
 
 Waite did not have a working majority 
 
 in the legislature, and here found a serious 
 obstacle to some of his pet measures. The 
 most important legislation enacted, was the 
 submission of a constitutional amendment to 
 the people, which was adopted at the next 
 election, by which the elective franchise 
 was extended to women in Colorado. At 
 a large meeting held in Denver, July 
 11 and 12, 1893, Gov. Waite delivered his 
 famous "bloody bridles" speech in which he 
 said: "It is infinitely better that blood 
 should flow to our horses' bridles, than that 
 our liberties should be destroyed." 
 
 The panic of 1893 now struck Denver, be- 
 ginning with the suspension of three savings 
 banks in the city on July 17th, together with 
 the closing of three private banking insti- 
 tutions. Other and larger banks also suspended. 
 Some bravely met the issue, and pulled 
 through, although runs were started on them, 
 but confidence was restored, and the tempo- 
 rary alarm of their depositors was quieted, 
 The depression in business was increased by 
 the rapid fall in the price of silver and the 
 closing of many of the mines, throwing out of 
 employment thousands of workmen. The 
 non-production of the mines affected affiliated 
 interests, adding still other thousands to the 
 army of the unemployed. Idle men flocked 
 to the cities, and especially to Denver. 
 Thousands of them were hungry and penniless. 
 Relief camps were established under military 
 surveillance, where tents and supplies were 
 furnished, and during the crisis of two or 
 three weeks, probably 10,000 people were in 
 this way, cared for in Denver. Cheap 
 restaurants were also established, not for a 
 pecuniary purpose, but to afford those who 
 had a little money, the opportunity to ob- 
 tain a meal for five cents. One of these five 
 cent meal tickets was good for a cup of coffee, 
 a little bread and potatoes, and a small piece 
 of meat just enough to keep body and soul 
 together. Churches threw open their doors, 
 and many a homeless wanderer found a 
 place to sleep, on a pew or the floor. Some 
 made it their special mission to seek out those, 
 who, suddenly thrown out of employment, 
 were in sore need and distress, but too proud 
 to make known their wants. These were 
 
given assistance in a quiet and unpretentious 
 way. At night, the streets were thronged 
 with thousands as if at a carnival, it was a 
 carnival without laughter or smiles for it 
 was led by the spectres of want and misery. 
 At such a time, Daniel Arata killed Benjamin 
 C. Lightfoot, his victim being about sixty 
 years of age. The county jail in Denver, 
 in which Arata was held a prisoner, was 
 stormed by a mob. The city being full of 
 idle men, soon thousands gathered about the 
 jail. The mob forced its way to the cell of 
 the unfortunate Arata, who was taken out, 
 shot and hung, and then his body dragged 
 through the streets and suspended from a 
 telegraph pole in the business part of the 
 city. Those were anxious days in Denver, and 
 the Arata affair was one of its terrible in- 
 cidents for such as that can only happen, dur- 
 ing the most abnormal of social conditions. 
 
 During his administration, Gov. Waite 
 was involved in what has been commonly 
 designated as "two wars:" one, the "City 
 Hall War," and the other the "Cripple Creek 
 War." The governor, who had hitherto ex- 
 perienced some trouble with the Denver Fire 
 and Police board, in March, 1894, removed 
 two of its members, Jackson Orr and D. J. 
 Martin, who refused to yield their offices to 
 Dennis Mullins and S. D. Barnes, who had 
 been appointed their successors. Orr and 
 Martin carried the question into the courts, 
 but Gov. Waite claimed that it was a matter 
 for the governor, and called out the militia 
 to enforce his order. The state troops were 
 marched to the vicinity of the city hall, 
 which was guarded by the police and many 
 of the armed friends of the deposed commis- 
 sioners. The military planted a canon in the 
 street fronting the hall, but the order that was 
 expected did not come, and the city hall was 
 not fired upon. In the midst of the great 
 excitement that prevailed, the attorneys on 
 both sides were in consultation, and promi- 
 nent citizens were using all means possible 
 to avert trouble and bloodshed. The su- 
 preme court consented to take original juris- 
 diction, and the war ended. The court later 
 rendered an opinion, sustaining the right of 
 Waite to remove the commissioners, and Orr 
 and Martin readily yielded to the order of 
 the court. 
 
 The Cripple Creek war in 1894, was the re- 
 sult of a strike by the miners, who demanded 
 $3 a day in wages for eight hours work. The 
 dispute between the miners and the mine 
 owners, also involved the employment of 
 non union men. The strikers armed them- 
 selves, and the mine owners appealed to the 
 sheriff. Several hundred deputies were sent 
 from Denver to assist the mine owners in the 
 protection of their property. Attempts at 
 
 arbitration and peaceable settlement, proved 
 abortive. The striking miners resisted the 
 attempt to serve warrants on men who were 
 supposed to have been implicated in blowing 
 up the Victor shaft, one of the unfortunate 
 affairs connected with the strike. The strik- 
 ers fortified themselves on Bull Hill, where a 
 fight ensued between them and the deputies, 
 but without serious results. Brig. Gen. 
 Brooks and Adjutant Gen. Tarsney were in- 
 structed by the governor to call out sufficient 
 troops to maintain order. Prior to this time, 
 there had been a skirmish at Wilbur, and dur- 
 ing the entire strike there was friction be- 
 tween the deputies and the strikers, and 
 also between the latter and the non-union 
 men, in which several lost their lives, and a 
 number wounded. Finally an agreement was 
 reached in which the mine owners were to re- 
 tain the peaceable possession of their prop- 
 erty, the deputies were to be withdrawn, the 
 troops to remain temporarily, and those 
 charged with murder and the destruction of 
 property, to be given into the custody of the 
 sheriff of El Paso county. Adjutant General 
 Tarsney who was employed to defend the 
 men who had been arrested, was kidnapped 
 at Colorado Springs and given rough exper- 
 ience with tar and feathers, but finally all the 
 matters involved, were quieted. 
 
 Gov. Waite also further involved the po- 
 litical situation by an extra session which he 
 called, that was convened on January 10, 
 1894. The governor enumerated thirty-two 
 subjects in his call. He urged that all dollars 
 equal in weight and fineness to the standard 
 dollar of the U. S. should be made a legal 
 tender for the. payment of all debts, public 
 and private, in Colorado. In the opinion 
 of the governor, if the Mexican dollar became 
 a legal tender, the miners could dispose of 
 their silver bullion in Mexico, and after its 
 coinage there, it could be returned as a legal 
 tender, and thus bring relief from the de- 
 pression caused by the fall in the price of sil- 
 ver. The legislature refused to pass any such 
 bill, as it would conflict with the provisions 
 of the federal constitution. The state senate fol- 
 lowed a dilatory and obstructive policy, and 
 but few laws were enacted. Gov. Waite was 
 the first to occupy the handsome new capitol 
 building, taking possession in October, 1894. 
 
 In the campaign that followed in the fall 
 of 1894, the cry went up "redeem the state." 
 It became an issue, and the republicans were 
 so insistent on this phase of the political ques- 
 tion, that their opponents termed them "re- 
 demptionists. ' ' The republicans carried the 
 state, electing Albert W. Mclntire governor, 
 he receiving 93,502 votes, as against 74,894 
 cast for Waite, populist; 8,337 for Charles S. 
 Thomas democrat; and, 4,250 for George Rich- 
 
 47 
 
ardson, prohibitionist. In the first congression- 
 al district, John F. Shafroth, republican was 
 elected, receiving 47,710, as against 34,223 
 for Lafe Pence, populist; 2,465 for Robert 
 H. Rhodes, prohibitionist, and 1,847 for John 
 T. Bottom, democrat; and in the second dis- 
 trict, John C. Bell with a vote of 47,703, was 
 a winner against former U. S. Senator, Thomas 
 M. Bowen, republican, who polled 42,369 
 votes; W. A. Rice, prohibitionist, 2,032; and 
 G. O. Pearce, independent labor, 157. The 
 large increase in the number of votes was the 
 result of the enfranchisement of the women, 
 three of whom were elected to the legislature 
 as follows: Mrs. Clara Cressingham, Mrs. 
 Frances S. Klock, and Mrs. Carrie C. Holly. 
 On the state republican ticket, Mrs. A. J. 
 Peavy was elected superintendent of public 
 instruction. The republicans also obtained 
 control of the legislature, which met in Jan- 
 uary, 1895. Edward O. Wolcott was re- 
 elected to the U. S. Senate by a vote of 57. 
 The populists complimented Lafe Pence with 
 their votes for U. S. Senator, and the demo- 
 crats supported Charles S. Thomas. 
 
 The assassination in March, 1895, of four 
 Italians in Huerfano county, was the first 
 serious matter that involved complications in 
 Gov. Mclntire's administration. The affair 
 was the outgrowth of the murder of A. J. 
 Hixon, an American by some Italians. Of 
 the four who were killed, one was a naturalized 
 citizen, and congress by an appropriation, 
 indemnified the families of the other three. 
 A miner's strike at Leadville, in June, 1896, 
 was accompanied by serious disturbances. It 
 was caused by a demand of the miners for an 
 universal wage scale of $3 a day for all miners, 
 trammers, top men, and laborers engaged in 
 that industry in Leadville. All receiving less 
 than $3 a day were called out. The Coronado 
 and Emmet Mines, which were being guarded, 
 were attacked by a mob that used dyna- 
 mite bombs. A fight ensued, and several 
 lives were lost. Governor Mclntire granted 
 the request made for troops, who remained 
 in Leadville for nine months, but the number 
 was gradually reduced, a few of the national 
 guard still remaining at the expiration of his 
 term as chief executive. Later the strike was 
 called off. 
 
 The state and national campaign was 
 hotly contested in Colorado in 1896. Senator 
 Teller and others of the republican leaders in 
 this state, refused to endorse the action of 
 the national republican convention in St. 
 Louis, and the silver republicans formed 
 a party organization in Colorado. The 
 democrats and silver republicans nomi- 
 nated a fusion ticket, which was elected with 
 Alva Adams for governor. The national 
 free silver party and one wing of the 
 
 populists, placed Morton S. Bailey at the head 
 of their ticket for governor, and the straight 
 or administration (national) republicans made 
 Judge George W. Allen, their nominee, and 
 the middle-of-the-road populists, Davis H. 
 Waite. There were three other tickets that 
 received a scattering vote. Alva Adams was 
 elected governor, receiving 86,881, as against 
 71,808 for Bailey, 23,845 for Allen, and 3,421 
 for Waite. There were six presidential tick- 
 ets, the Bryan electors receiving 158,880; 
 the McKinley, 26,279; the others, scattering. 
 The legislature which met in January, was 
 composed of 34 populists, 25 democrats, 16 
 republicans, 10 free silver republicans, 12 
 national free silver party, and socialist, inde- 
 pendent, and single taxer, 1 each. At this 
 election, John F. Shafroth, silver republican, 
 carried the first congressional district, with 
 a vote of 67,821, defeating Thomas E. Mc- 
 Clelland, republican, who received 9,625, and 
 W. F. Steele,prohibitionist, 1,006. Inthesecond 
 district, John C. Bell, fusionist, was elected 
 to congress, receiving 84,018 as against 
 14,385 for J. R. Hoffmire, republican. 
 
 On January 19, 1897, Henry M. Teller, 
 representing the silver interests, was returned 
 to the U. S. Senate by a vote of 92, to 6 being 
 cast for George W. Allen, republican. At 
 this session of the legislature, capital punish- 
 ment was abolished, and a life sentence in the 
 penitentiary was substituted for murder in 
 the first degree. 
 
 Colorado responded patriotically to the 
 call for troops in the Spanish-American war, 
 in April, 1898, and Gov. Adams could easily 
 have furnished many more than the quota 
 allotted to this state. The First Colorado 
 Volunteer Infantry was officered as follows: 
 Colonel, Irving Hale; Lieutenant Colonel, 
 Henry B. McCoy; Majors, Casius M. Moses, 
 Charles H. Anderson. The regiment made a 
 gallant record in the Philippines, where, on 
 the promotion of Col. Hale to brigadier 
 general, Lt. Col. McCoy succeeded him in 
 the command of the 1st Colorado. The state 
 also furnished two troops of cavalry, one 
 battery of light artillery, and one company of 
 engineers. Colorado was also worthily repre- 
 sented at the Trans-Mississippi Exposition 
 held at Omaha, in 1898. 
 
 The state campaign of 1898, opened with 
 stormy scenes at Colorado Springs at fusion 
 conventions of democrats, populists, and free 
 silver republicans. One faction of the lat- 
 ter was opposed to fusion, and in the dispute 
 as to who were entitled to the possession of 
 the opera house, a riot occurred. A number 
 of shots were fired, one man killed and one 
 wounded. The campaign was a spirited one, 
 in which Charles S. Thomas, democrat and 
 fusion, was elected governor, receiving 93,772, 
 
 -48 
 
as against 51,051 for Henry R. Wolcott, re- 
 publican, and other tickets, a scattering 
 vote. In the first district, John F. Shafroth, 
 silver republican, was elected with a vote of 
 43,111 as against 18,850, for Charles Hartzell, 
 republican. John C. Bell, in the second con- 
 gressional district, defeated B. C. Wheeler, 
 republican, by a vote of 52,728 to 27,335. 
 
 The question uppermost during the ad- 
 ministration of Gov. Thomas, was that of the 
 state revenues, and in his inaugural address 
 he emphasized this important feature. Al- 
 though the state had been increasing in 
 wealth and population, the assessed valuation 
 had shown a decrease. While the efforts of 
 Gov. Thomas were not fully realized, the agi- 
 tation bore good fruit in laws afterwards pass- 
 ed at other sessions, which increased the reve- 
 nues and placed the state in a better con- 
 dition to support the educational and other 
 institutions. 
 
 In 1899, Victor, Colorado, was swept by 
 a fire, that inflicted a loss of about $2,000,000. 
 
 In 1900, James B. Orman was elected 
 governor, the vote for that office being as 
 follows: Orman, fusion democrat, populist, 
 and free silver republican, 118,641; Frank 
 C. Goudy, republican, 94,047; J. R. Wylie, 
 prohibitionist, 3,695; S. B. Hutchinson, social 
 democrat, 843; and D. C. Copley, social 
 labor, 987. The Bryan presidential electors 
 carried the state by a large majority. With 
 the exception of some labor troubles at Tellu- 
 uride in 1901, Governor Orman's term was a 
 quiet administration. In the election 
 of 1900, both the Colorado congressmen 
 were re-elected, the vote being as follows: 
 first district, John F. Shafroth, silver repub- 
 lican, 54,591, and Robert W. Bonynge, re- 
 publican, 41,518; second district, John C. 
 Bell, 65,421; Herschel M. Hogg, republican, 
 51,293. There was only a sprinkling of re- 
 publicans in the legislature which was con- 
 vened in January, 1901, and Thomas M. Pat- 
 terson was elected to the U. S. Senate to suc- 
 ceed Edward O. Wolcott. A normal school 
 was established at Gunnison, and an addi- 
 tional appropriation was made for the World's 
 Fair at St. Louis, at which Colorado made a 
 most worthy exhibit. 
 
 In 1902, the republicans swept the state 
 with good pluralities, electing James H. 
 Peabody, governor, at which the following 
 vote was cast: Peabody, republican, 87,648; 
 Stimson, democrat, 80,727; Provost, social- 
 ist, 7,177; Owers, populist, 6,403; Reinhardt, 
 prohibitionist, 3,910; and Knight, social 
 labor, 919. The census of 1900, gave Colo- 
 rado an additional congressman, and in the 
 election of 1902, three were chosen, the vote 
 being as follows: congressman at large: 
 Franklin E. Brooks, republican, 85,207; Alva 
 
 Adams, democrat, 84,368; Mrs. Ida G. Haz- 
 lett, socialist, 7,431; R. H. Northcott. popu- 
 list, 2,838; Milo Stark, prohibitionist,' 3,845; 
 Robert E. Fitzpatrick, social labor, 1,349; 
 first district, John F. Shafroth, silver repub- 
 lican, 41,440, and Robert W. Bonynge, re- 
 publican, 38,648; second district, Herschel 
 M. Hogg, republican, 47,546; John C. Bell, 
 democrat, 45,234; W. F. Farrar, socialist, 
 4,826; and J. B. Lister, prohibitionist, 2,014. 
 The result gave Colorado two republican con- 
 gressmen, Franklin E. Brooks and Herschel 
 M. Hogg, and one silver republican, John F. 
 Shafroth. The latter's seat was successfully 
 contested by Robert W. Bonynge, because of 
 election frauds in Denver, and Mr. Bonynge 
 was sworn in as a member of congress, Feb. 
 16, 1904, for the unexpired term. 
 
 The contest for U. S. Senator, at the ses- 
 sion of the legislature in 1903, was one of the 
 most spirited in the history of the state. 
 After a protracted struggle, Henry M. Teller 
 was re-elected. 
 
 A strike by the mill and smeltermen in 
 February, 1903, at Colorado City precipi- 
 tated a series of labor troubles, which led up to 
 the great strike of the miners in the Cripple 
 Creek district, that continued until December, 
 1904, when quiet and peace were restored. 
 Four reduction plants, the Colorado, Stand- 
 ard, Portland, and Telluride, established at 
 Colorado City, were involved at the incip- 
 iency of the contest, but as the Colorado had 
 shut down about February 1, for the want of 
 ore, it did not figure prominently, as one of 
 the issues. The Standard was the focus 
 around which the troubles centered, and was 
 the first source of the contention, but later 
 the others were drawn into the struggle. 
 Wages and recognition of the union were the 
 points involved, and in this contest the strik- 
 ers were supported in their demands, by the 
 Western Federation of Miners. The Standard 
 refusing to comply with the demands made, 
 the men struck. About two weeks later, the 
 same issue was presented to the Portland and 
 Telluride, with a similar result, and the men 
 were called out. In the meantime, guards 
 had been stationed to protect the property, 
 and troubles arising, Gov. Peabody dispatched 
 troops to Colorado City to assist the sheriff, 
 after an appeal had been made to him for 
 that purpose. The Portland and Telluride 
 mills finally came to an agreement with their 
 employees in March, and the strike was called 
 off as to those plants, but was continued at 
 the Standard. The Western Federation 
 of Miners on March 16, made a demand on 
 the mine owners of the Cripple Creek dis- 
 trict, to refrain from shipping ores to the 
 plants (Standard) of the Colorado Reduction 
 and Refining Company at Colorado City. 
 
No action being taken by the mine owners, a 
 strike was ordered March 17, on those mines 
 that shipped ores to the mill at Colorado 
 City. 
 
 Gov. Peabody appointed a special ad- 
 visory board to investigate the matters at 
 issue, and after a number of consultations, an 
 agreement was made between the Standard 
 and mill men, that seemed satisfactory, but 
 peace was only temporarily restored. The 
 strikers soon claimed that discrimination was 
 used against them in re-employment at the 
 Standard. The dispute seems to have arisen 
 as to the interpretation the opposing elements 
 gave to the construction of the agreement. 
 The mill insisted on the word "employment" 
 as the essence of the understanding, when men 
 could be added to the force, but the union 
 declared that " reinstatement" of workmen 
 in their old places was the correct interpre- 
 tation. This led to further complications, 
 and on July 3, a second strike was declared 
 against the Colorado Reduction and Refining 
 Company at Colorado City. On August 8, 
 a second strike was ordered in the mines, all 
 being called out this time, except some in 
 minor properties whose ores were reduced in 
 that district. This was a much broader strike 
 than the first, which only involved those 
 mines that were shipping to the plants in- 
 volved in the strike at Colorado City. This 
 second strike order affected about 3,500 
 miners employed in about fifty mines. 
 
 During the greater part of the first month? 
 rather a peaceful attitude was maintained, 
 but as the strike continued, the merchants 
 refused credit to the strikers, and matters be- 
 gan to assume an irritated condition. The 
 mine owners complained of the unfairness of 
 involving the entire district in the contro- 
 versy, and especially as the men had no 
 grievance against them in that section. 
 When the mine owners began to attempt, in a 
 gradual way, to resume work, trouble ensued, 
 and conditions assumed a threatening atti- 
 tude. On request being made to Gov. Pea- 
 body for troops, he sent a committee to in- 
 vestigate the condition of affairs in the af- 
 fected district, and on their recommendation, 
 several hundred of the national guard were 
 hastened to Cripple Creek, on Sep. 4, 1903. 
 It was a long drawn out struggle, in which 
 many lives were lost, deeds of violence com- 
 mitted, and many outrages perpetrated, each 
 side blaming the other for these atrocities. 
 On Sep. 10, the military, which was under 
 the command of Brig. Gen. John Chase and 
 Adjt. Gen. Sherman Bell, began to make ar- 
 rests. The attempt to wreck a train, although 
 futile, and the explosion in the Vindicator 
 shaft in which two lives were lost, increased 
 the tension and embittered the struggle. The 
 
 horror of the strike and war, culminated on 
 June 6, 1904, when the Independence depot was 
 blown up, and thirteen out of twenty-seven 
 miners were killed, and others seriously in- 
 jured. It was about 2 o'clock in the morning, 
 and the night shifts were changing. A crowd 
 of miners from the Findley, which was now 
 working, had hastened to the depot to catch 
 the 2: 15 train, and while waiting, the ex- 
 plosion occurred. A wire was found, which 
 is supposed to have been the one used by the 
 perpetrators of this deed. This tragedy 
 aroused the whole district, precipitating riots 
 at Victor. Crowds collected and destroyed 
 property of the Western Federation of Min- 
 ers. Martial law was now enforced with 
 vigor. Some county and city officials, sup- 
 posed to be in sympathy with the strikers, 
 were compelled to resign. More arrests were 
 made, and the "bull pen" was crowded. A 
 system of deportation under military au- 
 thority was enforced. Those who were con- 
 sidered to be the leaders and especially sup- 
 posed to be the more prominent in stirring 
 up strife, were sent to the borders of the state 
 and given orders not to return. The mine 
 owners organized and gradually resumed 
 work on their properties, but it was several 
 months before peace was fully restored. The 
 strikers were blamed for these outrages, and 
 they on the other hand charged, that these 
 atrocities were committed by their enemies 
 for the purpose of injuring their cause and 
 that of organized labor. 
 
 In the campaign of 1904, the Cripple 
 Creek strike and war was the key note. It 
 was one of the bitterest and most heated 
 political contests in the history of Colorado. 
 The republicans re-nominated James H. 
 Peabody for governor. He was opposed by 
 Alva Adams, and the latter, on the face of 
 the returns was elected by several thousand 
 votes, but otherwise, the republicans carried 
 the state. The three republican congressmen 
 were also re-elected by the following vote: 
 congressman at large, Franklin E. Brooks, 
 republican, 121,236, and John F. Shafroth, 
 democrat, 112,383; first district, Robert 
 W. Bonynge, republican, 55,940, and Clay 
 B. Whitford, democrat, 50,022; second dis- 
 trict, Herschel M. ,Hogg, republican, 68,101, 
 and J. C. Maupin, democrat, 58,554. 
 
 Alva Adams for the third time became the 
 chief executive of the state, but on Jan. 6, 
 1905, Gov. Peabody filed his protest in the 
 legislature, against the canvassing of the 
 so-called election returns from the City and 
 County of Denver, citing the suit then pend- 
 ing before the Supreme Court in which the 
 State was plaintiff, and in which twenty-nine 
 persons had already been fined or imprisoned 
 for violating the court's injunction. The 
 
 50 
 
Supreme Court, prior to the election had is- 
 sued such restraining orders as were deemed 
 necessary to guard against fraud and insure 
 an honest election. It was during this per- 
 iod in the state's history that the "Big Mitt," 
 so called was alleged to have been fraudu- 
 lently, rolling up the big democratic majori- 
 ties in Denver. On the other hand, the dem- 
 ocrats were alleging that the republicans were 
 committing election frauds in Huerfano 
 county and other parts of the state. 
 
 Gov. Adams delivered his third inaugural 
 address as the governor of the state, and a 
 committee of the legislature began an in- 
 vestigation of the alleged frauds. The docu- 
 ments and testimony fill several large volumes. 
 The contest was prolonged and bitterly fought 
 in the legislature, which had a large repub- 
 lican majority. On March 16, 1905, at 5 
 p. m. the legislature, by a vote of 55 to 41, de- 
 clared that Peabody was entitled to the gov- 
 ernor's seat. Gov. Peabody, on March 17, 
 1905, at 4: 25 p. m. filed with the secretary 
 of state his resignation as governor. Lieu- 
 tenant Governor Jesse F. McDonald, next in 
 succession to that office, on March 17, 1905, 
 at 4:30 p. m. filed with the secretary of 
 state, his oath as governor of Colorado. 
 
 Thus within one day, Colorado had three 
 governors, Adams, Peabody, and McDonald. 
 The quiet administration of the latter, came 
 as a relief from the excitement and turmoil of 
 the great strike, the excited political con- 
 dition during the campaign, and the guber- 
 natorial contest that followed. 
 
 In 1906, Henry A. Buchtel, republican, 
 chancellor of the University of Denver, was 
 elected governor, receiving 92,602 votes, as 
 against 74,416 for Alva Adams, democrat, 
 the remainder of the gubernatorial vote being 
 scattered as follows: Ben B. Lindsey, 18,014. 
 William D. Hay wood, 16,105; and F. C; 
 Chamberlain, 2,087. The republicans elected 
 the three congressmen by the following vote: 
 congressman at large, George W. Cook, re- 
 publican, 102,426; Samuel W. Belford, dem- 
 ocrat, 76,792; first district, Robert W. Bon- 
 ynge, republican, 47,549; C. F. Teu, demo- 
 crat, 31,133; Luella Twining, socialist, 4,989; 
 other votes scattering; second district, War- 
 ren A. Haggott, republican, 54,869, and W. 
 W. Rowan, democrat, 46,783. The legisla- 
 ture which was convened in January, 1907, 
 also had a republican majority, and Simon 
 Guggenheim was elected to the U. S. Senate, 
 to succeed Thomas M. Patterson. Two of 
 the important measures passed at this session 
 were the pure food and the local option laws. 
 
 John F. Shafroth, democrat, was elected 
 governor in 1908, receiving 130,139 votes, as 
 against 117,370 for Jesse F. McDonald, re- 
 publican, 7,972 for H. C. Darrah, and 6,316 
 
 for Harry L. Murray. Three democratic 
 congressmen were elected: at large, Edward 
 T. Taylor, democrat, 126,934; James C. 
 Burger, republican, 121,265; first district, 
 Atterson W. Rucker, democrat, 60,643, and 
 Robert W. Bonynge, republican, 57,597; sec- 
 ond district, John A. Martin, democrat, 
 66,900, and Warren A. Haggott, republican, 
 64,400. On Jan. 20, 1909, the legislature, 
 which was democratic, elected Charles J. 
 Hughes, Jr., to the U. S. Senate, to succeed 
 Henry M. Teller. A considerable part of 
 the session was occupied in discussing new 
 or reform measures now agitating the public. 
 Not satisfied with the work of the legislature, 
 as to the "platform pledges" of the demo- 
 cratic party, Gov. Shafroth, later called an 
 extra session, mainly devoted to those ques- 
 tions. A constitutional amendment pro- 
 viding for the initiative and referendum, was 
 referred to the people, and adopted at the en- 
 suing election. A direct primary law was 
 also passed, relating to the nomination of 
 candidates. 
 
 In 1910, Gov. Shafroth was re-elected, re- 
 ceiving 114,627 votes as against 97,648 for 
 John B. Stephen, republican; 7,844 for Henry 
 W. Pinkham, 3,751 for P. A. Rice, and 735 for 
 George Anderson. The democrats only elect- 
 ed part of their ticket, but carried the state 
 for all three of their congressmen who were 
 re-elected; Atterson W. Rucker, democrat 
 from the first district; ,John A. Martin from 
 the second district, and Edward T. Taylor, 
 democrat, at large; the latter receiving 105, 
 700 votes, as against 101,722 for I. N. Stevens, 
 republican; 8,620 for W. C. Bentley, social- 
 ist; and 4,689 for Alexander Craise, pro- 
 hibitionist. 
 
 The death of Charles J. Hughes, Jr., during 
 the session of the legislature, left a vacancy 
 to be filled in the U. S. Senate. The legisla- 
 ture, which had a democratic majority, failed 
 to elect a successor, owing to the long and 
 heated contest among the several candidates. 
 
 The United States census gives the popu- 
 lation of Colorado during the several decades 
 of its history as follows : 
 
 1860 34,277 
 
 1870 39,864 
 
 1880 194,327 
 
 1890 413,249 
 
 1900 539,700 
 
 1910 799,024 
 
 At the last (1911) session of the legisla- 
 ture, an act was passed, providing for a 
 state flag for Colorado, described as follows : 
 
 The state flag "shall consist of three 
 alternate stripes to be of equal width and 
 at right angles to the staff, the white stripes 
 being the middle one, the proportion of the 
 flag being a width of two-thirds of its length. 
 
 51- 
 
At a distance from the staff end of the flag 
 of one thirty-sixth of the total length of the 
 flag, there shall be a circular red C of the 
 same color as the red in the national flag 
 of the United States. The diameter of the 
 letter one-sixth of the width of the flag. 
 The inner line of the opening of the letter 
 C shall be three-fourths of the width of its 
 body or bar, and the outer line of the open- 
 ing shall be double the length of the inner 
 line thereof. Completely filling the open 
 space inside the letter C, shall be a golden 
 disk; attached to the flag shall be a cord of 
 gold and silver intertwined with tassels, one 
 of gold and one of silver. All penalties pro- 
 vided by the laws of this state for the mis- 
 use of the national flag, shall be applicable 
 to the said state flag." 
 
 The act seems to be defective in omitting 
 
 the color or colors of the stripes, only the 
 "white" ones being specified. It is supposed 
 that "blue" or some other color was in- 
 tended to have been incorporated in the bill, 
 but it was passed without any such speci- 
 fication. This statute providing for a state 
 flag, was Senate Bill No. 118, introduced by 
 Senator Sharpley. In the original printed 
 bill, it read as follows as to the stripes: 
 "said flag shall consist of three alternate 
 stripes of Yale blue and white bunting, silk, 
 or other appropriate material, said stripes 
 to be of equal width, and parallel with the 
 staff, the white stripe being the middle one," 
 etc. The bill was amended in several par- 
 ticulars, and as finally passed, no blue or 
 any other color but red and gold in the C 
 was included, and serious doubt is now en- 
 tertained as to the legality of the act pro- 
 viding for a state flag. 
 
 52 
 
BIOGRAPHIES 
 
 53 
 
ROBERT W. STEELE 
 
 54 
 
ROBERT W. STEELE 
 
 STEELE, ROBERT AY., Provisional Gov- 
 ernor of Jefferson Territory (Colorado), 
 was born near Chillicothe, Ross county, Ohio, 
 January 14, 1820, and died at Colorado 
 Springs, Colorado, in 1901. He spent his 
 youth on a farm, and in the fall of 1846, be- 
 gan the study of law in Fairfield, Iowa. Lat- 
 er, he attended the Law School of Cincin- 
 nati, from which he was graduated in 1852, 
 and then settled at Indianola, "Warren coun- 
 ty, Iowa. Removing to Omaha, Nebraska, 
 in 1855, he there engaged in the real estate 
 business, and was a member of the legisla- 
 ture of that territory, during the session of 
 1858-9. Attracted by the gold discoveries in 
 the Rocky Mountains, he started for Colora- 
 do, March 25, 1859, arriving in Denver the 
 following May, and in June that year, lo- 
 cated in Central City. The Gregory, the 
 first gold lode discovered in the territory, 
 was being opened up, and with other devel- 
 opments, this locality had become the center 
 of the mining region. Mr. Steele first gave 
 his attention to mining, and for a time was 
 president of the Consolidated Ditch Com- 
 pany. 
 
 On October 1, 1859, a convention was 
 called to organize a provisional government, 
 which was known as Jefferson territory. A 
 full list of territorial officers were nomin- 
 ated, including Robert AY. Steele for gov- 
 ernor. He defeated his opponent, St. Mat- 
 thew, by a good majority. The legislature 
 convened in December, 1859, when Steele 
 took his seat as governor. He delivered his 
 message to the legislature of Jefferson terri- 
 tory, making the recommendations he 
 thought necessary for maintaining a govern- 
 ment at that time, when the mountains were 
 filled with a large and transient population, 
 who had followed the rush to Pike's Peak. 
 This legislature enacted laws, which were 
 published and known as the "Laws of Jef- 
 
 ferson Territory," a rare volume, and one 
 unique in American history. Later, Jeffer- 
 son" territory was incorporated and included 
 in the newly organized territory of Colorado, 
 and in June, 1861, Governor Steele turned 
 over to Governor Gilpin, who had been ap- 
 pointed to that office, all executive authority. 
 It has been claimed that a committee of re- 
 publicans waited upon Governor Steele, re- 
 questing him to take an appointment under 
 President Lincoln, as governor of Colorado 
 territory, but he refused to consider the mat- 
 ter, as he was a democrat and remained true 
 to the principles of that party. Governor 
 Steele brought out his family from Omaha 
 in the spring of 1860, and settling in Golden, 
 made that place his residence, until he re- 
 moved to Empire in 1862. Going into the 
 Argentine district, in 1864, he was one of a 
 party who discovered the Belmont silver 
 mine, the first paying silver lode fqund in 
 Colorado, creating quite an excitement at 
 that time. It was so named for August Bel- 
 mont of New York and sold for $100,000, 
 changing ownership several times, and later 
 was known as the Johnson mine. 
 
 Governor Steele returned with his family 
 to Iowa in October, 1865, to educate his chil- 
 dren, and after spending some time in New 
 York City, returned to Colorado in 1867, 
 locating in Georgetown, where he was after- 
 ward joined by his family. In later years he 
 made his residence in Colorado Springs, 
 where he died in 1901. 
 
 He married Miss Susan Nevin, September 
 6, 1848, in Hillsboro, Ohio. They had the 
 following children : Mrs. J. C. Parsons, Har- 
 risonville, Mo.; Miss Mary E. Steele, Kan- 
 sas City, Mo. Hugh Steele, his son, now 
 (1911) secretary of the Colorado Pioneers 
 Society, and Charles W. Steele, deceased 
 1894. ' 
 
 55 
 
WILLIAM GILPIN 
 
 ILPIN, WILLIAM, Governor of Colora- 
 do territory (1861-62), soldier, explor- 
 er and author, born on the battlefield of 
 Brandywine, October 22, 1822, died January 
 20, 1894, was the son of Joshua and Mary 
 (Dilworth) Gilpin. He traced his descent 
 to Richard de Guylpyn, in the time of King 
 John, and down through a line of hardy an- 
 cestors, eminent as soldiers, statesmen and 
 
 Brandywine, becoming the progenitor of the 
 Gilpin family in this country, who were pa- 
 triots in the American revolution. It was 
 on this old homestead, historic from the 
 days of the revolution, that the future gov- 
 ernor of Colorado was born, and from amid 
 such scenes he was imbued with those lofty 
 and patriotic sentiments that were charac- 
 teristic of his life. At the age of ten, he was 
 
 WILLIAM GILPIN 
 
 divines, including Bernard Gilpin, the 
 "Apostle of the North," and to Thomas Gil- 
 pin, a soldier under Cromwell in the historic 
 "Ironsides" regiment, one of the provost 
 guard at the execution of Charles I. His 
 son, Joseph Gilpin, also a soldier under 
 Cromwell, after the restoration of Charles 
 II., and having also become a member of the 
 Society of Friends, emigrated to the new 
 world, taking up a large tract of land on the 
 
 sent to England, where he attended school 
 two years. Returning to this country, he en- 
 tered the University of Pennsylvania, of 
 which his grandfather was one of the foun- 
 ders. After graduating from this institution, 
 he was appointed a cadet to West Point by 
 President Jackson, from which he was grad- 
 uated in 1836. He was then appointed a 
 lieutenant in the Second Dragoons, and soon 
 after served under General Jessup in the 
 
 56 
 
Florida war against the Seminoles. Resign- 
 ing from the army, his request being denied 
 to be sent to the Pacific coast, he settled in 
 St. Louis in 1839, where he became the edi- 
 tor of the Missouri Argus. In 1841, he lo- 
 cated in Independence, Missouri, where he 
 engaged in the practice of the law, and was 
 also elected secretary of the general assem- 
 bly of that state. While at "West Point, he 
 had also studied law, being registered as a 
 student with his brother, Henry D. Gilpin, 
 who was later attorney general in 1840, in 
 President Van Buren's cabinet. Although 
 successful in the practice of law at Indepen- 
 dence, yet at heart, Gilpin was an explorer, 
 and his ambition not being gratified in this 
 respect, while in the army, which caused his 
 resignation, he again was imbued with de- 
 sire to traverse the unknown wilds of the 
 west. Retiring from the law in 1843, he 
 started out to explore the northwest, but 
 soon joined Fremont, then on his second ex- 
 pedition, and visited Fort St. Vrain that 
 summer, while enroute to the Pacific. He 
 assisted in the organization of the provis- 
 ional government in Oregon, and was com- 
 missioned to carry the articles of agreement 
 relating thereto to Washington. Notwith- 
 standing the attempt at the national capitol 
 to belittle his mission, and where he was des- 
 ignated as the "Squatter Delegate from the 
 Pacific Coast," he at least succeeded in ad- 
 vertising the resources and made public the 
 wants and needs of the great northwest. Gil- 
 pin was accustomed to designate those op- 
 posing his mission as the "Salt Water Des- 
 pots," while on the other hand, Calhoun 
 referred to him as "A young man who de- 
 sired to trade off his lieutenant's uniform for 
 senatorial robes." 
 
 In the Mexican war, Gilpin was a major 
 in Colonel Doniphan's famous regiment of 
 Missourians, with which he rendered distin- 
 guished services. In 1847, he was sent with 
 1,200 men against Indian tribes in the west 
 and southwest, conducting a part of his cam- 
 paign in Colorado. His command suffered 
 and endured great hardships, but he was 
 successful in his operations against these 
 Indians. From 1848, until 1861, he resided 
 at Independence, practicing law, and also 
 by lectures and writings, was awakening a 
 deep interest throughout the country con- 
 cerning the west snd its future greatness 
 Even then and in later years, Gilpin was 
 often characterized as a "dreamer," but 
 more than he even predicted has come to 
 pass in the empire building that has moved 
 onward with gigantic strides on the Ameri- 
 can frontier. 
 
 When Gilpin was appointed governor of 
 the territory of Colorado, in 1861, by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, the nation was engulfed in the 
 great struggle of the civil war. Both from a 
 civil and military standpoint, his appoint- 
 ment was most fortunate. He had been a 
 prominent figure in the organization of the 
 provisional government in Oregon, and, 
 when he was appointed governor of this new 
 territory, he succeeded Governor Steele, who 
 had been governor of the provisional govern- 
 ment of Jefferson territory, the older name, 
 but a little more comprehensive as to area, 
 for what is now Colorado. He fully under- 
 stood the underlying causes that lead people 
 on the frontier to organize such forms of 
 government, and was in full sympathy with 
 all efforts to develop this new region. As a 
 soldier he began to raise and equip troops 
 for the Union army. Although prompted by 
 sincere and patriotic motives, it was claimed 
 at Washington that he exceeded his author- 
 ity by incurring heavy expenses in the equip- 
 ment of these troops, which resulted in his 
 resignation as governor, and the appoint- 
 ment of Dr. John Evans as his successor. 
 Governor Gilpin was a scholarly, polite and 
 courteous gentleman of the "old school," 
 and in every sense was one of the distin- 
 guished empire builders of the west. He 
 owned extensive land and mining interests, 
 more especially in the Gilpin land grant in 
 Colorado. The last years of his life were 
 spent by him in this state, highly honored 
 and esteemed by all. He retired for the 
 night, January 19, 1894, and next morning 
 (20th) was found dead in his bed, and is sup- 
 posed to have died of heart failure. In 1874, 
 he married Mrs. Julia Pratte Dickerson, of a 
 very prominent southern family. Of her first 
 marriage (to Captain John Dickerson, U. S. 
 A.) there were born the following children: 
 Louise, Sidney and Elizabeth, the latter the 
 wife of Otis B. Spencer of Denver. Later 
 to Governor and Mrs. Gilpin, there were born 
 the following children: William (deceased) 
 and Polly (twins), and Louis. 
 
 Governor Gilpin is the author of the fol- 
 lowing books: The Central Gold Region 
 (1860); Notes on Colorado (1870; Mission 
 of the North American People (1874) and, 
 the Cosmopolitan Railway, and Fusing To- 
 gether All the World's Continents ( 1891). 
 
 It was the old time prophecy of Governor 
 Gilpin that a railroad would be built 
 through Alaska, over or under Behring 
 Strait. The rich gold discoveries in that 
 region, and railway construction now being 
 carried on there, may yet see it all realized. 
 
 57 
 
JOHN EVANS 
 
 "P VANS, JOHN, governor of Colorado, born 
 ** near Waynesville, Ohio, March 9, 1814, 
 died July 3, 1897, was the son of David and 
 Rachel Evans. His great grandfather, a man- 
 ufacturer of tools, was one of the early Qua- 
 ker settlers of Philadelphia, and his sons, 
 Benjamin and Owen, continued to carry on 
 the same business, Owen being the inventor 
 of the screw auger. Benjamin, father of 
 
 age, he took a course in Clearmont academy, 
 in Philadelphia, later studied medicine, grad- 
 uating as an M. D. in 1838. After practicing 
 his profession for a short time, near Ottawa, 
 Illinois, he removed to Attica, Indiana, where 
 he was successful as a physician and finan- 
 cier. Through lectures, articles in the press, 
 and an address before the legislature, he ob- 
 tained an appropriation from the state for 
 
 JOHN EVANS 
 
 David, removed to South Carolina and mar- 
 ried Hannah Smith, but being anti-slavery, 
 removed to the then wilderness of Ohio, 
 where he became wealthy in the manufacture 
 of screw augers and in farming and merchan- 
 dizing. 
 
 John Evans, the son, and future governor 
 of Colorado, worked on the farm and at- 
 tended the local schools. On becoming of 
 
 the erection of an insane asylum near Ind- 
 ianapolis, of which he was the first superin- 
 tendent. In 1845, he was elected to a pro- 
 fessorship, which he held for eleven years, in 
 the Rush Medical college in Chicago. Dr. 
 Evans published a monograph, maintaining 
 that the cholera was contagious at the time 
 of the epidemic of that disease in 1848-49, 
 and later, in 1865, also urged congress to es- 
 
 58 
 
tablish a national quarantine. For several 
 years he was editor of the Northwestern 
 Medical and Surgical Journal. Dr. Evans 
 was the founder of the Illinois General Hos- 
 pital for the Lakes, later transferred to the 
 Sisters of Mercy, and named the Mercy hos- 
 pital. He was largely instrumental in estab- 
 lishing the Methodist Book Concern (pub- 
 lishing house) and the Northwestern Chris- 
 tian Advocate in Chicago, and was one of 
 the original promoters of the Methodist 
 Church block. He, as chairman of the com- 
 mittee on public schools, in the Chicago city 
 council, 1852-53, introduced the ordinance 
 for the appointment of the first superinten- 
 dent of public schools, the purchase of a site 
 and the erection of the first high school 
 building in that city. He secured the right 
 of way and valuable lands for terminals, 
 where the Chicago Union depot now stands. 
 He was one of the promotors of the Chicago 
 and Fort Wayne railroad, of which he was 
 a managing director for several years. 
 
 In 1853, Dr. Evans advocated the found- 
 ing of the Northwestern university and, with 
 others, selected its location in Evanston, 
 which was so named in his honor. Within 
 two years this great university was estab- 
 lished. He endowed the chairs of Latin and 
 Mental Philosophy of this institution with 
 $50,000, which he increased to $100,000 ; was 
 the first president of the board of trustees, 
 and remained with that board for forty-two 
 years. In 1855, he removed his family to 
 Evanston, then a wilderness. When Mrs. 
 Garrett founded the Garrett Biblical insti- 
 tute in Evanston, he was made a member of 
 the board of trustees, a position which he 
 held several years. Dr. Evans was a shrewd 
 financier, and, in Chicago, laid the founda- 
 tion of his great wealth in the purchase of 
 large tracts of land that rapidly increased 
 in value with the growth of the city. 
 
 In 1860, Dr. Evans was a member of the 
 republican state convention of Illinois, which 
 was the first to nominate Lincoln for presi- 
 dent, and actively participated in that cam- 
 paign. In 1861, he carried on a spirited con 
 troversy, in the Chicago Evening Journal, 
 with Judge Scates of the Illinois Supreme 
 court, advocating the emancipating of the 
 slaves, as a war measure, his position therein 
 being vindicated in subsequent events. Dr. 
 Evans was a candidate from Chicago for 
 congress on the know nothing or American 
 ticket, but was defeated.. In the autumn of 
 1861 President Lincoln, who was his warm 
 personal friend, tendered him the governor- 
 
 ship of Washington territory, which was de- 
 clined, but in 1862, he accepted the position 
 of governor of Colorado, becoming the suc- 
 cessor of Governor Gilpin. He became a 
 leader of men in Colorado, as he had been in 
 Illinois and Indiana, and the founder and 
 promoter of vast enterprises in this state and 
 the west. In education, morals, railroads, 
 finance, and in politics, here in Colorado he 
 became an empire builder, as he had been 
 in the Mississippi valley. He completed the 
 work of raising troops in Colorado to sup- 
 press the rebellion, and defend its people 
 from the terrible ravages of Indian warfare 
 on the plains. He retired as governor in 
 1865, having filled that office with marked 
 ability during one of the most trying and 
 critical periods in its history. He was elected 
 United States senator from Colorado when 
 the first state organization was effected in 
 1865, and passed the winters of 1865-66 and 
 1866-67 in Washington. Colorado was ad- 
 mitted to statehood at both these sessions, 
 but President Johnson vetoed both tnese bills 
 and Governor Evans was not permitted to 
 take his seat in the senate. During the ses- 
 sion of congress, 1869, he procured the pas- 
 sage of the Denver Pacific land grant bill 
 and the road was completed to Cheyenne in 
 June, 1870. The year previous he had been 
 a delegate to the national convention in 1868, 
 that nominated Grant for president and 
 while at Washington, had been elected presi- 
 dent of the Denver Pacific Railway and Tele- 
 graph Company. In 1872, with others, or- 
 ganized the Denver, South Park and Pacific 
 Railroad Company. He was Colorado's first 
 great railroad builder, and, among his later 
 enterprises, was the old Denver and New 
 Orleans Railroad, now a part of the Colorado 
 and Southern system. 
 
 Governor Evans was among the leaders 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was 
 one of the founders of the University of Den- 
 ver, first established under its old charter 
 of Colorado seminary. 
 
 Governor Evans married, first, Miss Han- 
 nah, daughter of Dr. Joseph Canby, an un- 
 cle of General E. R. S. Canby. She died in 
 1850. Three years later he married Mar- 
 garet, of illustrious colonial ancestry, daugh- 
 ter of Samuel Gray of Maine. She was one 
 of the most cultured and dignified of the 
 pioneer women of Colorado, and a patron of 
 painting and sculpture in the University of 
 Denver; she died September 7, 1906. They 
 were survived by the following children: 
 William G., Evan E. and Anne. 
 
 59 
 
ALEXANDER CUMMINGS 
 
 CUMMINGS, ALEXANDER, territorial 
 governor of Colorado, appointed October 
 17, 1865, by President Johnson, resigned 
 about April 21, 1867, had one of the storm- 
 iest careers in the early days, and his admin- 
 istration of two years was characterized with 
 wrangling and much political bitterness. He 
 had come into political prominence in 1862, 
 as the founder of the New York Daily 
 
 and great executive ability. Cummings was 
 a scholarly and able man, but not in touch 
 with western ideas and spirit, and naturally 
 dictatorial in policy, he unfortunately added 
 name to the excited condition of affairs, in- 
 stead of exerting a pacifying influence. Gov- 
 ernor Cummings opposed the statehood plan, 
 and had strong backing in the east, where 
 he had been an active supporter and friend 
 
 ALEXANDER CUMMINGS 
 
 World. He came from Philadelphia, at a 
 time when Colorado had been greatly 
 wrought up over a political campaign 
 in which the Sand Creek fight with the 
 Indians had been an issue. The turbulent 
 condition of the public mind, and the inten- 
 sity of the strife between the contending fac- 
 tions in Colorado would have put to the test 
 any man of the strongest force of character, 
 
 of Simon Cameron of Pennsylvania. Bills to 
 admit Colorado were twice vetoed by Presi- 
 dent Johnson, thus preventing the seating of 
 former Governor John Evans and Jerome B. 
 Chaffee, who, under the expectation that Col- 
 orado would become a state, had been elected 
 to the United States senate. 
 
 In issuing his Thanksgiving proclamation, 
 Governor Cummings advised the people to- 
 
" assemble at their places of worship and ren- 
 der to God devout thanksgiving for the 
 riches of his grace, manifested through His 
 Son, Jesus Christ." This act alienated from 
 him the Hebrew influence, those of that faith 
 claiming that he had excluded them from 
 taking any part in the thanksgiving exer- 
 cises, and all attempts made to have Gover- 
 nor Cummings modify the proclamation were 
 without effect, he explaining that he had 
 not intended any discourtesy or to exclude 
 them. 
 
 Samuel H. Elbert, later governor and 
 chief justice of Colorado, was then territorial 
 secretary. Governor Cummings took from 
 him the great seal, and, later, the former re- 
 signed. General Frank Hall, not wishing the 
 place, was finally induced to accept the office 
 of secretary of the territory, and later Gov- 
 ernor Cummings made a successful fight to 
 have him removed. There was trouble over 
 election returns and other public matters, 
 and the territory kept in constant turmoil by 
 the contending political factions, until the 
 governor finally resigned. 
 
 Outside of political matters, Governor 
 Cummings attempted to promote the develop- 
 ment of the material resources of the terri- 
 tory, having great faith in the future growth 
 and richness of Colorado. He encouraged in- 
 vestment in mines, when that industry was 
 at a low ebb. At this time, the placer mines 
 not yielding so large a product, and silver 
 mining not yet made a prominent feature, 
 many thousands were returning to the east 
 declared that Colorado was a fraud and that 
 Pike's Peak had "busted." Governor Cum- 
 mings attempted to allay this excitement and 
 stem the reaction that had set in. He en- 
 couraged the building of the railroads, and 
 made a special study of this feature. In his 
 message to the legislature, January 5, 1866, 
 he discussed at some length the freight ques- 
 tion, and the necessity for railroads, as all 
 the necessaries of life were then hauled 
 across the plains by wagons. Commenting 
 on this he said : 
 
 "Probably no data could be collected 
 which would show accurately the immense 
 
 amount of traffic between the east and the 
 west. I am informed that a keeper of a toll 
 bridge on the Santa Fe road, which traverses 
 southern Colorado 200 miles, kept a register 
 of the number of men, wagons and animals, 
 employed in the transportation of freight on 
 the road for the six months ending November 
 20, 1865, and reports as follows : 
 
 Number of men employed 5,197 
 
 Number of animals employed 45,350 
 
 Pounds of freight carried .26,123,400 
 
 "From a single house of the Overland 
 Dispatch Company was shipped to Denver 
 City, during the seven months ending De- 
 cember 1, 1865, 3,076,000 pounds, and 
 through Colorado to Salt Lake the additional 
 amount of 2,871,000 pounds. Besides this, a 
 very large amount of freight has been 
 shipped by the forwarding houses from At- 
 chison, St. Joseph, Omaha, Nebraska City, 
 Plattsmouth, Leavenworth, Kansas City and 
 Independence, so that it is estimated that 
 with railroad transportation it would require 
 forty cars a day to remove the amount of 
 freight that would be required to supply the 
 present demand. ' ' 
 
 These are interesting figures to compare 
 with the railway traffic, of which Denver is 
 now the center. Governor Cummings then 
 discusses the exorbitant freight costs of that 
 period. He comments in this same message 
 on the statement of J. T. Herrick, the engi- 
 neer appointed to survey a railroad route a 
 distance of less than twenty-five miles from 
 Golden to Black Hawk, who stated that upon 
 inquiry, the merchants of Central (City), Ne- 
 vada, and Black Hawk, had paid during the 
 past year, principally during the summer 
 and autumn, for freight for supplies taken 
 over this distance between Golden and 
 those towns, more than $650,000. This is also 
 interesting data, considered in the light of 
 the freight questions of today. 
 
 After his resignation, Governor Cum- 
 mings was appointed collector of internal 
 revenue for the Fourth district of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 61 
 
ALEXANDER CAMERON HUNT 
 
ALEXANDER CAMERON HUNT. 
 
 "pTUNT, ALEXANDER CAMERON, Ter- 
 * * ritorial Governor of Colorado (1867- 
 69) was born Dec. 25, 1825. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools in Freeport, 111., 
 where his father had removed in 1836. Leav- 
 ing home at the age of sixteen, to make his 
 own way in the world, he went to California, 
 returning to Freeport a rich man, in 1850. 
 Then he engaged in the grain and commis- 
 sion business, and in 1856, was elected mayor 
 of Freeport. Losing all in the financial crash 
 of 1857, he followed the Pike's Peak excite- 
 ment in 1859, crossing the plains with his 
 wife and child in an ox wagon. Locating in 
 Auraria (West Denver) in a cabin without a 
 door or window, he opened a restaurant, but 
 as he was too generous with his provisions, 
 the enterprise proved a failure. Engaging 
 in the lumber business, he met with better 
 success. He was elected president of the 
 Peoples' Courts in 1860, and was U. S. mar- 
 shal, 1862-66. He was a member of the anti- 
 state faction, and supported Gov. Cummings 
 in the latter's opposition to the admission 
 of Colorado as a state, thus becoming one of 
 the central figures in the heated political 
 strife then waged in Colorado. He ran for 
 congress as an independent against Geo. M. 
 Chilcott, the nominee of the Union repub- 
 licans. It was a campaign waged with great 
 bitterness, the vote was close, but after much 
 wrangling over the election returns, and the 
 matter brought up in congress, Chilcott was 
 seated. 
 
 In 1867, he was appointed Territorial 
 Governor of Colorado by President Johnson, 
 as well as superintendent ex officio of In- 
 dian affairs. No executive possessed to a 
 greater extent the confidence and good will 
 of the Indians of this region, and he was suc- 
 cessful in maintaining these friendly relations, 
 which resulted in the treaty of 1868, by which 
 the Utes ceded to the United States all their 
 
 lands east of the 107th meridian. On being 
 removed by President Grant in 1869, he 
 turned his attention to railroad building and 
 construction, becoming associated with Gen. 
 W. J. Palmer, who was in charge of the old 
 Kansas Pacific, then being pushed across the 
 plains to Denver. They originated the Den- 
 ver & Rio Grande system, of which Gov. 
 Hunt later became one of the directors. In 
 his investigation of new routes, laying out 
 town sites, and other enterprises, he began 
 and encouraged a development of Colorado's 
 resources, that materially aided in the found- 
 ing of a great state. In 1871, Gen. Palmer and 
 Gov. Hunt, were joined by Dr. William A. 
 Bell, and their combined efforts saved the 
 road from threatened bankruptcy. 
 
 While a resident of Freeport, 111., he mar- 
 ried Ellen E. Kellogg, of White Pigeon, Mich- 
 igan. In 1880, he lost his wife, a daughter 
 and two sons. Prostrated with grief, he left 
 Colorado, and followed Gen. Palmer to Mex- 
 ico, where the latter was again engaged in in- 
 vestigating railway possibilities in that re- 
 gion. Gov. Hunt's home and mansion was 
 one of the most imposing residences in the 
 early history of Denver, and was a noted 
 place in the suburbs of the city. The result 
 of the investigations by Palmer and Hunt, 
 was the construction of the International 
 Railroad. Hunt, after having accumulated 
 a fortune of. half a million dollars, dissolved 
 with Palmer in 1883. Then engaging in coal 
 mining and railway enterprises in Texas, he 
 lost heavily, and with failing fortune, came 
 loss of health. In 1891, while in Chicago, 
 en route to Denver, Gov. Hunt was stricken 
 with paralysis, and for two years and nine 
 months lay helpless and speechless. He died 
 May 14, 1894, in Washington, D. C., and 
 was buried in the Congressional Cemetery. 
 A son and daughter survive him. 
 
 63 
 
EDWARD MOODY McCOOK 
 
EDWARD MOODY McCOOK 
 
 X/T C 00 ?' EDWARD MOODY, soldier, 
 *** ^""territorial governor of Colorado, son 
 of Dr. John and Catharine Julia (Sheldon) 
 McCook, was born in Steubenville, Ohio, 
 June 15, 1833. His grandfather, George Mc- 
 Cook, was an Irishman of Scotch descent, 
 who becoming involved with the United 
 Irishmen in 1780, fled to the United States. 
 His sons, John (father of Governor McCook) 
 and Daniel were known as the "fighting Mc- 
 Cooks," distinguished as the "Tribe of John 
 and the Tribe of Dan. ' ' 
 
 Edward M. McCook was educated in the 
 public schools, settled in Minnesota at the 
 age of sixteen, and later followed the Pike's 
 Peak excitement, reaching Denver August 
 6, 1859. He was a member of the Kansas 
 legislature in 1860, where he was known as 
 "the Gentleman from Arapahoe." At this 
 time there was a provisional government in 
 what is now Colorado, known as "Jefferson 
 Territory" which had executive offices, a 
 legislature, a judiciary and also miners' 
 courts. Some claimed that this region was 
 still "Arapahoe county, Kansas," which 
 formed the basis of electing McCook a mem- 
 ber of that legislature. McCook engaged in 
 mining and the practice of the law, with 
 more or less success, but when Sumter was 
 fired on he hastened to AVashington. Before 
 entering the field in a recognized capacity, 
 he became a member of Jim Lane's "Kansas 
 Legion," which with the "Kentucky Le- 
 gion" were the only commands then in the 
 city, loyal to the government. He was one 
 of those especially detailed to guard the 
 white house and President Lincoln. Mc- 
 Cook volunteered to carry dispatches to Gen- 
 eral Scott, communication having been cut 
 off by the Maryland state troops. Although 
 Baltimore was in a state of insurrection, he 
 succeeded in returning with dispatches, 
 walking all the way back on the railway 
 track. He made a gallant record in the civil 
 war; entered the Union army, second lieu- 
 tenant, First United States cavalry, May 8, 
 1861, first lieutenant, July 17, 1862 ; in vol- 
 unteer service as major, lieutenant-colonel 
 and colonel, second Indiana volunteer caval- 
 ry; brigadier general volunteers, April 27, 
 1864; mustered out of volunteer service, 
 January 15, 1866. General McCook was 
 breveted : first lieutenant, April 7, 1862, for 
 
 battle of Shiloh; captain, October 8, 1862, 
 for battle of Perryville; major, September 
 20,1863, for battle of Chickamaugua ; lieuten- 
 ant Colonel, January 27, 1864, for cavalry 
 operations in eastern Tennessee ; colonel, 
 March 13, 1865, for capture of Selma, Ala- 
 bama ; Brigadier general, March 13, 1865, for 
 gallant and meritorious services in the field 
 during the war; major general volunteers, 
 March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious 
 services, etc. 
 
 Resigning from the regular army, May 9, 
 1866, he was minister to Hawaii, 1866-69, 
 where, during his term, he negotiated a 
 treaty of commercial reciprocity. In 1869, 
 he was appointed by President Grant terri- 
 torial governor of Colorado. He strength- 
 ened the public school system, established a 
 board of immigration, encouraged the build- 
 ing of railroads, was identified with the or- 
 ganization of the Denver water works, and 
 other important enterprises, and became one 
 of the largest taxpayers in the city. It is 
 now interesting to note that he advocated 
 woman's suffrage. McCook had supplanted 
 Hunt as governor, the latter having been 
 during his term, ex-officio superintendent of 
 Indian affairs. Hunt had been the friend 
 and champion for Cummings, his predecessor 
 as governor, and their administrations had 
 been all interspersed with bitter factional 
 lights and partizanship. Feuds again broke 
 out, and Hunt's friends, with others, made 
 trouble over alleged irregularities in the con- 
 duct of Indian affairs, in 1873. Samuel H. 
 Elbert was appointed March 9, that year, 
 territorial governor. Then ensued the stormy 
 incidents of the McCook-Elbert controversy, 
 resulting in the re-appointment of McCook 
 as governor, January 27, 1874, who served 
 until the beginning of the administration of 
 Governor John L. Routt, who was appointed 
 governor, March 29, 1875. 
 
 Governor McCook then engaged in various 
 large business and commercial enterprises. 
 He was largely interested in a European tele- 
 phone syndicate, and at one time was one of 
 the purchasers of the Batopilos, the rich 
 silver mines of Mexico. He was a well- 
 known orator, and was selected to deliver 
 the funeral oration of General Thomas. He 
 married twice ; first, Mary Thompson ; sec- 
 ond, Mary McKenna. He died in 1909. 
 
 65 
 
SAMUEL HITT ELBERT 
 
SAMUEL HITT ELBERT. 
 
 A LBERT, SAMUEL HITT, Governor of 
 **~^" Colorado, born in Logan county, Ohio, 
 April 3, 1833, died November 27, 1899 
 
 His first American ancestor emmigrated 
 from Devonshire, England, and settled prior 
 to 1683, on the eastern shore of Maryland. 
 He there became the proprietor of a large 
 plantation, which is still owned by his de- 
 scendants. Dr. John Lodman Elbert, his 
 paternal great grandfather was a surgeon in 
 the American Revolution, and for his ser- 
 vices in that war was voted a large tract of 
 land by the Maryland legislature. He was 
 a member of the Order of the Cincinnati. His 
 mother, of Huguenot origin, was descended 
 from a Virginia colonial ancestry. His father, 
 Dr. John Downs Elbert, was eminent as a 
 physician and surgeon, who held honorary 
 degrees from Cincinnati and Philadelphia 
 medical colleges. In 1840, the family removed 
 to Iowa. 
 
 Samuel H. Elbert, the son, returned to 
 Ohio in 1848, and was graduated from the 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1854. During 
 the next two years, he studied law in Dayton, 
 Ohio, and was there admitted to the bar. He 
 came west in the spring of 1857, and opened 
 a law office in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, build- 
 ing up an extensive practice in that state and 
 Iowa. In 1860, he was a delegate from Neb- 
 raska, to the republican convention that 
 nominated Lincoln for president, and the 
 same year he was elected to the Nebraska 
 legislature. In 1862, he was appointed by 
 President Lincoln, Secretary of Colorado 
 Territory, serving in that position under 
 Governor John Evans. As secretary of 
 the territory, he was frequently acting gover- 
 nor, and promoted the mobilization of the 
 2nd and 3rd Colorado regiments for the civil 
 war, and was a prominent figure in dealing 
 with the Indian hostilities, then prevailing 
 on the plains. In 1864, he was a delegate 
 to the national republican convention that 
 re-nominated Lincoln for president. After 
 serving four years as secretary of the terri- 
 tory, he resumed the practice of the law, 
 forming a partnership with J. Q. Charles, 
 under the firm name of Charles & Elbert. 
 
 In 1869 Judge Elbert was elected to the ter- 
 ritorial legislature. In 1870, he was the sec- 
 retary, and in 1872, the chairman of the re- 
 publican central committee of the territory. 
 Upon the urgent request and the petition of 
 the citizens, Judge Elbert was appointed 
 governor of Colorado Territory in 1873. The 
 territory was then a hot bed of political in- 
 trigue, and torn by wrangling and partisan 
 politics, and notwithstanding the ability with 
 which Judge Elbert administered the affairs 
 of the territory, he was superceded in that 
 office in 1874. 
 
 During his short term as governor, he be- 
 gan an agitation that still continues the 
 question of the reclamation of the arid lands. 
 He called a meeting of delegates from the 
 western states and territories, in the summer 
 of 1873, at which he delivered an address on 
 this then, and now, great western question; 
 It was the first large convention on the publ 1 
 and arid land problem, to be followed by 
 others, even up to the present time. After 
 Gov. Elbert's removal, the whole matter was 
 explained to President Grant, that he had 
 been misinformed as to conditions in Colo- 
 rado. After leaving the governor's chair, 
 Judge Elbert visited Europe, spending a year 
 abroad, in the study of social and political 
 conditions. 
 
 When Colorado became a state, in 1876, 
 Judge Elbert was elected on the republican 
 ticket to the Colorado Supreme Court, in 
 which he drew the six year tenure, and later 
 assumed the duties of chief justice. On the 
 expiration of his term in 1882, he refused to 
 accept a re-nomination, owing to ill health. 
 He afterwards consented to become a can- 
 didate, was elected, and again became a mem- 
 ber of the Colorado Supreme Court in Jan- 
 uary, 1886, but owing to failing health, he 
 withdrew in 1888. 
 
 His alma mater conferred upon him the 
 degree of LL. B. 
 
 In June, 1865, he married, at Evanston, 
 111., Miss Josephine, daughter of Governor 
 John Evans of Colorado, whose death with 
 their only child in 1868, was his greatest be- 
 reavement. 
 
 67 
 
JOHN LONG ROUTT 
 
 JOHN LONG ROUTT 
 
 OUTT, JOHN LONG, Governor of Colo- 
 rado, born in Eddyville, Caldwell county, 
 Kentucky, April 25, 1826, and died in Denver, 
 was the son of John and Martha (Haggard) 
 Routt. The family is of Welch origin. Dan- 
 
 iel, son of the founder of the family in this 
 country, was a pioneer in Kentucky, making 
 his home about three miles from Boonville, 
 where he died at the age of 85. John, son 
 of Daniel was born in Clark County, Ken- 
 
 68 
 
tucky, and engaged in farming in Caldwell 
 county, that state, where he died at the age 
 of 34. During the war of 1812, he was a mem- 
 ber of Captain Long's company. Martha 
 Haggard, his wife, was born in Clark County. 
 Her father, David Haggard, of Welch descent, 
 but native of Virginia, enlisted at the age of 
 17, in the army in the American Revolution, 
 serving until its close, and then became a 
 pioneer settler in Clark county, Kentucky. 
 In after years he cultivated a farm in Trigg 
 county, that state, but spent his last days with 
 relatives in Bloomington, 111., where he died 
 at the age of 85. About 1885, Martha( Hag- 
 gard), widow of John Routt, and the mother 
 of the future governor of Colorado, removed 
 with her family to Bloomington, 111, having 
 in the meantime married Henry Newton of 
 Kentucky. After a residence of two years 
 in Hancock county, that state, she removed 
 to McDonough county, and later to McLean 
 county, where she died at the age of 77. Her 
 family consisted of two sons and two daugh- 
 ters, two surviving her, John L. Routt, and 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Newton. 
 
 John L. Routt was an infant at the time 
 of his father's death, and was about ten years 
 of age when his mother removed to 111. He 
 was educated in the public schools, and was 
 then apprenticed to a builder and machinist, 
 to learn that trade, and continued in that busi- 
 ness until 1851, when he began to deal in 
 town property and public lands, with varied 
 success. After holding some minor offices, 
 in 1860, he was elected sheriff of McLean 
 county, that then ranked second in popula- 
 tion and importance in 111. He entered the 
 United States military service in 1862, as 
 captain of Company E, 94th 111. Volunteers, 
 his first year's service being spent in Mis- 
 souri and Arkansas. At the battle of Prairie 
 Grove, he was in the thickest of the fight, 
 three bullets passing through his clothing 
 in one day. Next, he served with his regi- 
 ment under Gen. Grant, before Vicksburg, 
 remaining until the surrender of that city. 
 His bravery in this campaign and his gallant 
 record, coming under the personal notice of 
 Grant, there began that strong friendship, 
 that developed with the years following, 
 which bound him and the great commander 
 with the closest ties. Routt was at Port 
 Hudson and served in Texas, but returned to 
 Baton Rouge after the defeat of Gen. Banks. 
 Returning from the war to Bloomington in 
 1865, he found that he had already been 
 elected during his absence, treasurer of Mc- 
 Lean County, so great was his popularity. 
 After serving two terms in that office, and re- 
 fusing a third election, he became Chief Clerk 
 
 of the Bureau of the 2nd Assistant Postmaster 
 General, in 1869. The following spring, 
 President Grant appointed him U. S. Marshal 
 for the Southern District of 111. When 
 holding this office, he conducted the taking 
 of the 9th U. S. census in that district. Then 
 as 2nd Assistant Postmaster General, he made 
 a splendid record, handling about $20,000,000 
 a year in his department. In 1875, he was 
 appointed Governor of Colorado, by Presi- 
 dent Grant, and began at once to cement the 
 wrangling factions of the republican party 
 that then agitated the territory, and push the 
 statehood idea. Colorado was admitted by 
 proclamation of the President, Aug. 1, 1876, 
 and he was elected governor on the repub- 
 lican ticket. Thus, he was the last terri- 
 torial and the first state governor of Colorado. 
 He was later elected and served as governor 
 of the state for the term of 1891-93, making 
 the longest record of any one up to the present 
 time, in that office. 
 
 As Colorado began statehood under his 
 administration, he helped to lay the founda- 
 tion for the future greatness of this common- 
 wealth. His hitherto large experience, both 
 in 111. and with national affairs, in conducting 
 public business, as well as his ability to com- 
 mand and direct, as displayed in the army, 
 eminently fitted and qualified him to fill the 
 position of governor, during a critical period 
 in the state's history. He showed great skill 
 and prudence in directing the early land policy 
 and finances of the state. During his ad- 
 ministration, one of the most exciting as 
 well as bitter struggles occurred in the legis- 
 lature, in which he was urged to send troops 
 into the legislative halls to maintain order. 
 He called both factions in counsel, and as an 
 old soldier, explained the bad precedent of 
 such action, advised moderation, and refused 
 to send in the troops. At critical times, he 
 always brought order out of chaos, He show- 
 ed the same marked ability as mayor of Den- 
 ver. He was a prominent figure in state and 
 national politics, and was one of those who 
 amassed a fortune in the Leadville mines. 
 
 He married first, in 1845, Esther A. 
 (daughter of J. Woodson), born in Spring- 
 field, and died in Washington, D. C., 1872. 
 They had the following children: Minnie 
 (wife of state senator, Charles Hartzell), 
 who died in Denver; Birdie, wife of attorney 
 W. H. Bryant of Denver; Frank; John H.; 
 and Mrs. Emma Butler of Denver. He mar- 
 ried second, Miss Eliza Pickrell of Springfield, 
 111. now dead, who was one of the most be- 
 loved women of Colorado. They had one 
 child, Leila Elkin. 
 
 
 69 
 
FREDERICK WALTER PITKIN 
 
 FREDERICK WALTER PITKIN. 
 
 PITKIN, FREDERICK WALTER, GOV- 
 
 * ernor of Colorado, born in Manchester, 
 Conn., Aug. 31, 1837, died in Pueblo, Colo- 
 rado, Dec. 18, 1886, was the son of Eli and 
 Hannah (Torrey) Pitkin. He was descended 
 
 from the Pitkins and Griswolds of Connecti- 
 cut, where for many generations his ancestors 
 had been highly honored, both in public and 
 private life. His father, a prominent citi- 
 zen of Manchester, was descended from Wil- 
 
 70 
 
liam Pitkin, born near London, 1635, settled 
 in Hartford, 1659, who was a member of the 
 General Court and the Colonial Council. 
 His grandson, William Pitkin, was governor 
 of Connecticut, 1766-69. 
 
 Frederick W. Pitkin was prepared for 
 college under careful instruction, and was 
 matriculated at Wesleyan University, Min- 
 dletown, Conn, in 1854, from which he was 
 graduated with high honors in 1858. Then enter- 
 ing the Albany Law School and completing 
 the course in 1859, he located in 1860 in Mil- 
 waukee, where he soon established himself 
 in a lucrative law business and became a 
 member of the firm of Palmer, Hooker & 
 Pitkin. Owing to failing health, and follow- 
 ing the advice of his physicians, in 1873, he 
 went to Europe, where he became worse, and 
 during two months in Switzerland little hope 
 was entertained for his recovery. Returning 
 to his native land, he visited Florida, spend- 
 ing the winter there, but without recuper- 
 ating his health. In 1874 he came west and 
 spent three years of camp life in Colorado 
 with beneficial results, roughing it in summer 
 and residing in the towns during the winter. 
 He made his home in southwestern Colorado, 
 and through the practice of the law and by 
 mining investments in the San Juan region, 
 he became identified with that section of the 
 state and one of its most popular citizens. 
 From the San Juan came an earnest demand 
 for his nomination in the gubernatorial race. 
 He was nominated by acclimation by the 
 republican state convention in 1878 and elect- 
 ed by a majority of nearly 3,000 in a total 
 vote of less than 30,000. His successful ad- 
 ministration, during which there were diffi- 
 cult Indian and labor questions and troubles 
 to be solved, met with the hearty approval 
 of his party and the people generally. Ap- 
 preciative of his faithful services, he was nomi- 
 nated by the republicans for a second guber- 
 natorial term and was elected by an increased 
 majority. 
 
 Soon after Governor Pitkin entered upon 
 the duties of his first term, there came severe 
 tests of his executive strength, but he handled 
 all these public affairs with marked ability. 
 In the summer of 1879 came the railway war 
 between the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
 and the Denver & Rio Grande, when both 
 companies with armed bodies of men were 
 fighting for the right-of-way through the 
 
 royal gorge of the Arkansas. In the fall of 
 that year followed the Ute War, the defeat 
 of Maj. T. T. Thornburg and other compli- 
 cations with the Meeker massacre. It was 
 also the period of the great carbonate and 
 mining excitement at Leadville where ser- 
 ious labor troubles arose in 1880. No gover- 
 nor of Colorado had such varied and momen- 
 tous questions so rapidly thrust upon him, 
 yet Gov. Pitkin ever remained the master 
 of the situation, amid the excitement of In- 
 dian war, labor and railway troubles. His 
 firmness, timely orders, and the tone of his 
 dispatches, both to state and national leaders, 
 brought quiet and peace out of the Ute war. 
 At the time of the great Leadville strike in 
 1880, when armed and threatening bands of 
 excited men were parading the streets, and 
 the civil authorities were powerless, he 
 promptly declared martial law, thus saving 
 both life and property. The settlement of 
 the railway war in the royal gorge, has re- 
 mained undisturbed to this day. His second 
 term as governor was more peaceful, and he 
 was given more time in this administration 
 to foster and build up the real interests of 
 the state. 
 
 When Senator Teller became Secretary of 
 the Interior in President Arthur's cabinet, 
 it fell to Gov. Pitkin to appoint a successor 
 to Teller in the Senate, and there was intense 
 feeling and rivalry between the several candi- 
 dates. Gov. Pitkin appointed George M. 
 Chilcott to fill the temporary vacancy, and 
 at the next session of the legislature came the 
 election of two U. S. senators. Pitkin reached 
 within two votes of an election but could not 
 quite overcome the strong combination of the 
 politicians. Had not the appointing power 
 fell to Gov. Pitkin to name a temporary suc- 
 cessor to Teller, over which there was such 
 a wrangle, there is but little doubt that he 
 would have filled as well as graced the office 
 of U. S. Senator from Colorado. Gov. Pitkin 
 was one of the purest, ablest and most con- 
 scientious men that ever filled that office in 
 Colorado. 
 
 In 1862 he married Fidelia M., daughter 
 of John James, of Lockport, N. Y., who comes 
 from an old and well known family. 
 
 They had four children: Robert J, lawyer, 
 Denver; and, Florence, wife of Earl M. 
 Cranston, the law partner of her brother; 
 and Frederick W. and Samuel, who died in 
 infancy. 
 
 71 
 
JAMES BENTON GRANT 
 
 72 
 
JAMES BENTON GRANT. 
 
 RANT, JAMES BENTON. The forma- 
 tive days of Colorado's history devel- 
 oped no finer product than James Benton 
 Grant, miner, founder of one of the first 
 smelters, governor, banker, "captain of in- 
 dustry." Indeed, his activities in all lines 
 of worthy effort, are known beyond the bor- 
 ders of his own state. On the occasion of the 
 visit to this country of Prince Henry, of Bat- 
 tenburg, 1902, Governor Grant was invited 
 to attend the "captains of industry" ban- 
 quet given the royal guest, by J. Pierpont 
 Morgan. 
 
 Governor Grant was born in Russell coun- 
 ty, Alabama, January 2, 1848, and died at 
 Excelsior Springs, Missouri, November 1, 
 1911. His father, Thomas McDonough Grant, 
 was a physician and cotton planter. His 
 grandfather, James Grant, imigrated from 
 Scotland and settled in Norfolk, Va., in 
 1746. In the Jacobite wars, the Scotch 
 Grants fought the Pretenders, Governor 
 Grant's ancestors being in the thick of the 
 hardest campaigns. His mother was Mary 
 Benton, a daughter of one of the old south- 
 ern families. 
 
 Favored by nature and circumstances, in 
 a lineage of purposeful, hard-headed ances- 
 tors, and possessing advantages of education 
 and opportunity, which he was able to ac- 
 quire through the wealth of his uncle, James 
 Grant of Davenport, Iowa, who, having no 
 children of his own, undertook to educate 
 fifteen or tAventy of his nieces and nephews, 
 whose parents being in the south, were prac- 
 tically penniless at the close of the war, Gov- 
 ernor Grant came to Colorado in 1877 with 
 an equipment that was bound to make him a 
 leader among men. 
 
 Governor Grant was extremely fortunate 
 in his educational advantages. He attended 
 Iowa Agricultural college; later going to 
 Cornell. From there he went to Frieburg, 
 Germany, where he took a course in min- 
 eralogy. 
 
 Governor Grant went first to Central 
 City, where he engaged in assaying and min- 
 ing. From the beginning, he was successful, 
 stepping naturally into a position of leader- 
 ship in a community where rugged competi- 
 tion was most intense. In those early days, 
 when Colorado had her beginning, only the 
 fittest survived, but they, tested in nature's 
 own crucible, came out strong, tough and 
 durable. If the battle was hard, the rewards 
 were large. The names of the successful 
 ones are written bold on the pages of the 
 state's history, and that history is the rec- 
 ord of their achievements. 
 
 It was characteristic of Governor Grant 
 
 to look beyond limitations of the field in 
 which he was engaged, and to recognize 
 greater opportunities of the mining indus- 
 try. When only one year out of college h& 
 established and operated the Grant smelter. 
 From 1877 down to the time of his death 
 he was actively interested in the smelting 
 industry of the west. He was vice-president 
 of the Omaha and Grant smelter from 1882 
 until 1899, and then became a director and 
 member of the executive committee of the 
 American Smelting and Refining Company. 
 
 His southern birth and training placed 
 Governor Grant in the democratic party, and 
 although politics was with him only an inci- 
 dent of his busy life, he consented to the 
 party's demand and accepted the nomina- 
 tion in 1882. Although his candidacy was 
 regarded as a forlorn hope, the people ral- 
 lied to his support, and he was triumphantly 
 elected. During his administration, from 
 1883 to 1885, peace prevailed and the state 
 prospered. 
 
 Although his smelting interests were ex- 
 tensive enough to claim the undivided atten- 
 tion of any ordinary man, Governor Grant 
 engaged in many other lines of activity. He 
 was one of the organizers of the Denver Na- 
 tional Bank and continued as vice-president 
 of that institution from the time its doors 
 were open in 1884 until his death. He found 
 time to make a searching investigation of the 
 physical condition of the Leadville district 
 and to prepare an exhaustive report of his 
 findings. This report was translated into 
 Dutch and submitted to Holland capitalists 
 by General William J. Palmer. The possi- 
 bilities of the district, as shown by Governor 
 Grant's report, constituted the convincing 
 argument which induced the Dutch capital- 
 ists to buy the bonds of the Denver & Rio 
 Grande extension from Canon City to Lead- 
 ville. 
 
 His survey of the Leadville district con- 
 vinced Governor Grant that the production 
 of the famous camps might ' be greatly in- 
 creased by the construction of a tunnel driv- 
 en through the lower levels. In 1892, he 
 financed the Yak tunnel enterprise and work 
 was begun after plans drawn by A. A. Blow, 
 the well-known mining engineer. The Yak 
 tunnel has reached a length of four miles, 
 and will be driven two thousand feet farther. 
 
 Governor Grant married Mary Goodell, 
 at Leadville, in 1881. They have two sons, 
 Lester E. and James B. Jr. 
 
 Among the local clubs of which Governor 
 Grant was a member are the Denver Club, 
 University Club, Denver Athletic Club, and 
 Denver Country Club. 
 
 73 
 
BENJAMIN HARRISON EATON 
 
 74 
 
BENJAMIN HARRISON EATON. 
 
 T7ATON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, Gov- 
 *~* ernor of Colorado, born near the town 
 of West Bedford, in Coshocton county, Ohio, 
 December 15, 1833, died October 29, 1904; 
 was the son of Levi and Hannah (Smith) 
 Eaton, pioneers in that state. His first 
 American ancestor, Benjamin Eaton, emi- 
 grated from England, settled in Boston, and 
 there married a Quaker lady. His son, Ben- 
 jamin, became a sea captain, after which he 
 removed to Kentucky and later to Ohio. His 
 son, Levi, born in Harrison county, Ohio, 
 married Hannah Smith, and they were the 
 parents of the future Governor of Colorado. 
 Educated in the public schools, he became 
 a teacher in Ohio, and removing to Iowa in 
 1854, he taught school in Louisa county, that 
 state, for two years. He then engaged in 
 teaching and farming in Ohio two years, re- 
 turning to Iowa in 1858, and a year later 
 he joined a party from that state, follow- 
 ing the Pike's Peak excitement to Colorado, 
 in 1859. After some thrilling adventures 
 with Indians in crossing the plains, they ex- 
 plored the regions bordering on Boulder and 
 Clear Creeks. Mr. Eaton was a pioneer in 
 California Gulch; a member of the second 
 Baker expedition to the San Juan of South- 
 western Colorado, in 1860-1861, exploring 
 what is now Baker's Park, Silverton and 
 other points in that region. He suffered 
 many privations, and nearly perished of cold 
 and hunger. Then renting land on the Max- 
 well Land Grant in New Mexico, he remained 
 there until 1863, when he returned to Colo- 
 rado and entered a small farm, twelve miles 
 west of what is now Greeley, in Weld county. 
 To this then dreary waste he brought water 
 from the Cache la Poudre, which was the 
 beginning of one of the greatest irrigating 
 systems in the world's history. 
 
 Realizing what could be accomplished by 
 irrigation, he negotiated with the land de- 
 partment of the Union Pacific for 25,000 
 acres of land contiguous to the present towns 
 of Eaton and Greeley, at $1 an acre, on long 
 time. He divided this body of land into 
 tracts ranging from 160 to 640 acres, and 
 began developing his system of irrigation, 
 and entered upon his career as a scientific 
 agriculturist. In 1901, Mr. Eaton had under 
 cultivation 16,000 acres, his annual income 
 therefrom estimated from $200,000 to $300,- 
 000. He became one of the original stock- 
 holders in the Union Colony at Greeley in 
 1870. 
 
 In 1864, he built the Eaton Ditch, and 
 
 within the next fifteen years he constructed 
 the Mill Power Canal at Greeley; the Num- 
 ber Two of the Union Colony ; the High Line, 
 including the Larimer and Weld Canals, and 
 others, involving nearly one hundred miles 
 of waterway, redeeming many thousands of 
 acres to fertile and fruitful production. At 
 the time of his death all of his original 
 25,000 acres were yielding bountiful harvests. 
 His largest work is the Windsor Reservoir 
 and the canal of the Windsor Reservoir and 
 Canal Company. He constructed the large 
 flouring mill at Eaton, the town being named 
 in his honor. In selecting the types of cit- 
 izens representative of special lines of work 
 in the founding and upbuilding of Colorado, 
 the portrait of Governor Eaton was one of 
 the sixteen chosen to fill the niches that had 
 been reserved in the panels of the dome of 
 the State Capitol Building. He was given 
 this distinguished honor as the great pioneer 
 farmer and developer of the vast irrigation 
 systems of Northern Colorado. 
 
 Governor Eaton was a Republican, except 
 in 1896, when he was chosen to the electoral 
 college on the Bryan ticket. In 1866, he was 
 elected justice of the peace, holding that 
 office nine years; was six years county com- 
 missioner, four of which he was chairman 
 of the board; elected to territorial legisla- 
 ture, 1872, and secured passage of the law 
 forbidding the waste of waters of the public 
 streams; member of territorial council (Sen- 
 ate) in 1875; and in 1884 he was elected 
 Governor of Colorado on the Republican 
 ticket. 
 
 Fraternally, he was a member of the Ma- 
 sonic order, a Knight Templar and a Shriner. 
 In church matters, he leaned toward the 
 Methodists. 
 
 Governor Eaton married, first, in 1856, 
 in Ohio, Delilah, daughter of James Wolfe. 
 She died May 31, 1857, leaving a son, Aaron 
 J. Eaton, later a wealthy farmer and busi- 
 ness man of Eaton, Colorado. 
 
 In 1864, he returned to Iowa, and in 
 Louisa county married Rebecca J., daughter 
 of Abraham Hill, and then came with her 
 to his Colorado home. Of this second mar- 
 riage three children were born, A. Lincoln, 
 died at age of fourteen; Bruce G., succeed- 
 ing his father at Eaton as one of the exten- 
 sive farmers and wealthy men of Colorado; 
 and Jennie B., wife of John M. Petrikin, 
 former postmaster of Greeley and later cash- 
 ier of the First National Bank of that city. 
 
 75 
 
ALVA ADAMS. 
 
 A DAMS, ALVA, governor of Colorado 
 " (1887-89, 1897-99, and begining third 
 term, January 10, 1905, and serving until 
 March 16, 1905), born in Iowa county, AVis- 
 consin, May 14, 1850, was the son of John 
 and Eliza (Blanchard) Adams, he a native 
 of Kentucky, and she of New York. His 
 father was a merchant and farmer. In 1842 
 
 subjects. Thus, although not a college grad- 
 uate, he has added to his successful business 
 and political life, the close application of the 
 student, and the selfmade man has become 
 well known for his liberal culture and many 
 attainments. Owing to the sickness of his 
 brother, the family removed to Colorado in 
 1871. Young Alva, then but twenty-one 
 
 ALVA ADAMS 
 
 the family settled in Wisconsin, where he 
 continued in the line of merchandising and 
 farming. 
 
 Alva Adams, the son, grew to manhood 
 on the farm, receiving a fair education in 
 the public schools, which he has supple- 
 mented by general study and reading in the 
 home life, and during his early business ca- 
 reer, being especially interested in historical 
 
 years of age, in seeking work found employ- 
 ment in hauling ties for the Denver & Rio 
 Grande railroad, then building south of Den- 
 ver, which led to fortunate business connec- 
 tions later. After a short service with the 
 Denver & Rio Grande, he went to Colorado 
 Springs, in the employ of C. W. Sanborn, a 
 lumber and hardware dealer. While in San- 
 born 's employ he built a small structure 
 
 76 
 
on Cascade avenue for lumber office, hard- 
 ware store and dwelling. This building was 
 completed August 7, 1871, and was the first 
 house erected within the present limits of 
 Colorado Springs. Here he conducted the 
 business for Mr. Sanborn until October, 
 when he bought the stock of his employer, 
 paying therefor $4,100, and for want of cash 
 giving his notes for the greater part of it, at 
 two per cent a month. Succeeding in busi- 
 ness, he admitted J. C. Wilson to partner- 
 ship in 1872, and leaving the latter in charge 
 at Colorado Springs, Mr. Adams removed to 
 Pueblo in 1873, where he established a 
 branch store. Disposing of his interests in 
 Colorado Springs, he continued to enlarge 
 the business at Pueblo, and started other 
 stores in the San Juan region and southwest- 
 ern Colorado. 
 
 An ardent democrat, Mr. Adams soon be- 
 came a prominent figure in the public life 
 of the state. His first official position was 
 held in 1873, when he was elected trustee of 
 South Pueblo. In 1876, when twenty-six 
 years of age, he was elected a member of 
 the house of representatives of the Colorado 
 legislature, from Rio Grande county. In 
 1884, Mr. Adams was the democratic nom- 
 inee for governor, but was defeated. Colo- 
 rado was then a republican state, and the 
 splendid record that he had made in the 
 previous campaign induced his party again 
 to nominate him for governor in 1886, and 
 he was the only democrat elected. He gave 
 the state a careful and business-like admin- 
 istration. He declined a renomination and 
 after the close of his first term as governor 
 retired to private life, continuing his exten- 
 sive and well-established business. 
 
 In 1896, as the democratic nominee, Gov- 
 ernor Adams was re-elected governor. In 
 1902, he came within a close vote of election 
 to congress, being the candidate at large 
 against Franklin E. Brooks, republican, and 
 was defeated by only'839 votes; Mr. Brooks 
 receiving 85,207, as against 84,368 for Mr. 
 Adams. 
 
 In 1904, the democrats placed Mr. Adams 
 at the head of their ticket against James H. 
 Peabody, who had been renominated for gov- 
 ernor by the republicans. This campaign fol- 
 lowed close on the Cripple Creek strike and 
 war of the preceding administration of the 
 latter (Peabody) and was one of the most 
 hotly contested elections in the history of 
 the state. On the face of the returns the 
 republican state ticket was elected with the 
 exception of Governor Peabody, who was 
 defeated on the showing made by the 
 
 official canvass, the plurality for Governor 
 Adams being over ten thousand. Then be- 
 gan the memorable contest of Governor Pea- 
 body against Governor Adams. The latter un- 
 der the returns had been sworn in as gov- 
 ernor, and thus began his third term as gov- 
 ernor. Governor John L. Routt served three 
 terms as governor, but one of these was that 
 of territorial governor, to which he was ap- 
 pointed by the president. Routt was elected 
 twice by the people, and appointed once, and 
 thus assumed the office of chief executive of 
 Colorado for three terms. Governor Adams 
 was the only other thus far in the history of 
 the state, who entered upon a third term in 
 the gubernatorial office. In defending his 
 right to the governor's chair, Governor 
 Adams faced a legislature that was over- 
 whelmingly republican. While the repub- 
 licans charged that the democrats had com- 
 mitted great frauds in the city and county 
 of Denver, the democrats set forth that 
 the republicans had benefitted by extensive 
 election frauds in Huerfano and other coun- 
 ties in the southern part of the state. In the 
 meantime Governor Adams had delivered his 
 third inaugural address, and was proceeding 
 with the administration of public affairs. On 
 March 16, 1905, the republican legislature, 
 by a vote of 55 to 41, declared that Peabody 
 was elected, but ten republicans in the legis- 
 lature voted in favor of Governor Adams, 
 who received the solid support of the demo- 
 cratic members. Governor Peabody served 
 but one day, resigning on March 17, and was 
 succeeded by Jesse F. McDonald, the republi- 
 can lieutenant-governor. 
 
 Governor Adams was the leading candi- 
 date for United States senator, before the 
 legislature at the regular session of 1911. 
 when that body was called upon to fill the 
 vacancy caused by the death of Senator 
 Charles J. Hughes Jr. It was a long and 
 strenuous fight in which there was no elec- 
 tion, but Governor Adams continued his lead 
 to the end of the session. Governor Adams 
 is one of the great leaders of his party in 
 Colorado, and one of the state's most gifted 
 orators. He has travelled extensively, and 
 in his private library of 6,000 volumes, are 
 manv rare books. 
 
 Governor Adams married, in 1872, Miss 
 Ella Nye, a gifted and cultured lady of many 
 graceful accomplishments. They have one 
 son, Alva Blanchard, born Octber 29, 1875. 
 a graduate of Phillips Academy, Yale col- 
 lege, and the law department of Columbia 
 college, New York. 
 
 77 
 
JOB ADAMS COOPER 
 
 78 
 
JOB ADAMS COOPER. 
 
 OOPER, JOB ADAMS, late governor of 
 Colorado and original owner of the 
 Cooper building in Denver, was born at 
 Greenville, Bond county, Illinois, November 
 6, 1843. His grandfather, Thomas Cooper, 
 was a paper manufacturer in Kent county, 
 England, but late in life he came to America 
 with his family, including his son, Charles, 
 the father of the subject of this sketch. The 
 elder Cooper died in Yolo, California, at 
 eighty-nine year of age. 
 
 Charles Cooper was fifteen years old when 
 he arrived in America with his father. He 
 learned the carriage trade at Newark, New 
 Jersey, and when twenty-two years old he 
 entered the lumber business in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. Later he removed to Greenville, Illi- 
 nois. His wife was Maria Hadley. 
 
 Job Adams Cooper was attending Knox 
 college at Greenville, when he enlisted in 
 Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-sev- 
 enth Illinois Infantry. He served until he 
 was mustered out the latter part of the same 
 year. He was stationed at Memphis when 
 the Confederate general Forest made his 
 raid. After his army experience, the young 
 man returned to Knox college, from which 
 he graduated in 1865 with a B. A. degree. 
 Three years later his alma mater conferred 
 upon him the Master of Arts degree. He 
 entered the law offices of Judge S. P. Moore, 
 at Greenville, and read law until he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1867. The following 
 year the future governor of Colorado opened 
 a law office in his native city, but soon after- 
 ward he was elected clerk and recorder of 
 Bond county and served in that position 
 until 1872, when he resigned to come to Den- 
 ver. He arrived in Denver May 14, 1872, and 
 was admitted to the Colorado bar September 
 1, 1872. Immediately he formed a law part- 
 nership with A. C. Phelps, under the firm 
 name of Phelps and Cooper. Afterward he 
 
 became interested in a fire insurance com- 
 pany, but after two years' experience in this 
 he was given a position with the German 
 bank, which later became the German Na- 
 tional Bank of Denver. From then on his 
 ascent was rapid. 
 
 A few men had begun to buy Texas 
 steers, feed them on the ranches of Colorado, 
 and ship them to the eastern markets. Mr. 
 Cooper was quick to see the possibilities of 
 this business. He invested heavily in Texas 
 cattle and became one of the biggest deal- 
 ers. Oftentimes he shipped as many as two 
 trainloads of cattle from Brush on one day. 
 In 1888 he was a candidate for governor 
 against Thomas M. Patterson, editor of the 
 Rocky Mountain News, and was elected with 
 a plurality of 10,000 votes. He was inaugu- 
 rated governor January 1, 1889. On his re- 
 tirement from the office of chief executive, 
 Governor Cooper began the erection of the 
 Cooper building, one of the finest business 
 blocks in Denver. The same year he was 
 elected president of the Chamber of Com- 
 merce, where he remained until he retired in 
 1897. He built his residence at Grant street 
 and Colfax avenue in 1888. 
 
 Governor Cooper died January 20, 1899. 
 His body lay in state in the Capitol and was 
 viewed by thousands of his fellow citizens. 
 At the time of his death he was a member 
 of the board of capitol managers. 
 
 Governor Cooper was married September 
 17, 1867, at Galesburg, Illinois, to Jane 0. 
 Barnes, daughter of the Rev. Romulus E. 
 Barnes, one of the early Congregational min- 
 isters of Illinois. Four children were born 
 to them. They are : Olivia D., wife of Ed- 
 ward S. Kassler; Mary Louise, wife of Lu- 
 cius J. Storrs, of Springfield, Mo. ; Charles 
 J., and Genevieve P., wife of Dwight E. 
 Ryland. 
 
 79- 
 
DAVIS HANSEN WAITE 
 
 80 
 
DAVIS HANSEN WAITE. 
 
 TT7AITE, DAVIS HANSEN, governor 
 ' r (1893-1894) of Colorado; born in 
 Jamestown, New York, April 9, 1825, died 
 1901; was the son of Joseph and Olive 
 (Davis) Waite. His father, Joseph Waite, 
 a native of Vermont, was a lawyer, and dis- 
 trict attorney of Chautauqua county. He re- 
 moved to New York with his wife in 1815. 
 
 Davis H. Waite, the son, was educated in 
 the common schools of his native village and 
 at Jamestown Academy, after which he be- 
 gan the study of the law in his father's of- 
 fice. He located in Fon du Lac, Wisconsin, 
 in 1850, and removed to Princeton, that 
 state, in 1851, where he engaged in merchan- 
 dising. In 1856 he was elected as a repub- 
 lican to the legislature of Wisconsin. In 
 1857 he removed to Missouri and became 
 the principal of the Houston high school 
 of that state. Being a union man, he left 
 Missouri at the outbreak of the civil war, 
 removing to Warren, Pennsylvania, and then 
 to Jamestown, New York, where he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. Mr. Waite then became 
 editor and part proprietor of the Chautau- 
 qua Democrat, a republican newspaper, and 
 later the Jamestown Journal. Removing to 
 Larned, Kansas, in 1876. he resumed the 
 practice of the law, also engaging in ranch- 
 ing. In 1879, he was a member of the Kan- 
 sas legislature and cast the deciding vote 
 that re-elected John J. Ingalls to the United 
 States senate. Then removing to Leadville 
 in 1879, he practiced law in that mining 
 town until 1881. In the latter year, he went 
 to Aspen, where he resumed the law prac- 
 tice, and edited the Union Era, a reform 
 labor paper. He was the first superintend- 
 ent of public schools in Pitkin county, Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 Political questions which led to the or- 
 ganization of the Populist party, were agi- 
 tated in the west, and Waite became a fol- 
 lower and a leader in the advocacy of those 
 principles. 
 
 He was a delegate in 1892 to the St. Louis 
 conference, that organized the peoples party, 
 and also to the national convention of that 
 party, held in Omaha, July 4, that year, 
 when Weaver and Field were nominated for 
 president and vice-president. On July 27, 
 1892, he was nominated for governor by the 
 peoples party, and was endorsed by the 
 state democratic convention held in Septem- 
 ber. The republicans nominated Joseph C. 
 
 Helm, and a small contingent of the demo- 
 crats, known as the "white wings", placed 
 the name of Joseph H. Maupin at the head 
 of their ticket, having refused to follow 
 the endorsement of Waite. After a heated 
 and memorable canvass, Waite was elected 
 governor of Colorado and then followed one 
 of the most exciting periods in the state's 
 history, during his administration (1893- 
 1895). Many of his reform measures were 
 opposed by a hostile legislature, and he 
 called a special session. A few of his rec- 
 ommendations were enacted into laws. Dur- 
 ing his administration an act was passed, 
 submitting a constitutional amendment, later 
 adopted, which gave women equal suffrage 
 in Colorado. At this time the silver agita- 
 tion was at its height. In 1894, the Cripple 
 Creek district, then in El Paso county, but 
 now in Teller, became involved in a strike. 
 Governor Waite called out the militia, but 
 soon recalled them ; he then suggesting ar- 
 bitration. The withdrawal of the troops was 
 followed by strife between the union and 
 non-union miners. The mine owners ap- 
 pealed to the sheriff, and several hundred 
 deputies were sent to his aid from Denver. 
 A fight ensued between the strikers and dep- 
 uties, in which one of the deputies was killed 
 and several wounded on both sides. The gov- 
 ernor again called out the" militia, and then 
 recalled them, going to Cripple Creek, and 
 there addressing the miners, attempted a 
 settlement. But in the meantime, warrants 
 had been sworn out, charging certain men 
 with having blown up the Victor shaft house. 
 The miners fortified Bull Hill, and there was 
 continued strife and agitation for some time 
 before there was a peaceable settlement. 
 
 Governor Waite was also involved in a 
 "city hall war" in Denver, in which the 
 troops were called out, the question involved 
 being the right of the governor to remove 
 members of the fire and police board. About 
 three hundred men were at the city hall to 
 defend it from the troops, and the citizens 
 were apprehensive. Matters were quieted by 
 the supreme court taking jurisdiction, and 
 later sustaining Waite. He was re-nom- 
 inated for governor( but was defeated. 
 
 He married first, September 15, 1851, 
 Frances E., daughter of Robert Russell, at 
 Sanquoit, New York. They had three child- 
 ren. He married, second, January 8, 1885, 
 her cousin, Mrs. Celia Maltby, and of this 
 marriage, was born a son, Frank H. Waite. 
 
 81 
 
ALBERT WASHINGTON McINTIRE 
 
 82 
 
ALBERT WASHINGTON McINTIRE. 
 
 X/T T NTIRE, ALBERT WASHINGTON, 
 ACA governor of Colorado, born Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, January 15, 1853, was 
 the son of Joseph Philips and Isabel (Wills) 
 Mclntire. His grandfather, Thomas Mcln- 
 tire, was engaged in the transportation busi- 
 ness in Maryland, in which enterprise he was 
 associated with his brothers. While he was 
 serving as an officer with the volunteers, in 
 the wor of 1812, their property was de- 
 stroyed when the British burned Washing- 
 ton. His paternal ancestor in America imi- 
 grated from Ayreshire, Scotland, coming to 
 this country about 1745. His maternal an- 
 cestor came from Belfast in 1790, and from 
 England, at an earlier date. Both his pater- 
 nal grandfathers fought on the American 
 side in the revolution, and his maternal 
 grandfather was state's attorney in Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 Albert W. Mclntire prepared at Newell 
 Institute, a private academy at Pittsburgh, 
 and when sixteen years of age, entered Yale 
 college, from which he was graduated with 
 the following degrees: A. B., 1873., and 
 LL. B., 1875. In June of the latter year, he 
 was admitted to the Connecticut bar, and in 
 the following November, to the bar in Pitts- 
 burgh, and after practicing for about a year 
 in the latter, he removed to Colorado, locat- 
 ing in Denver, in 1876. He settled in 1880, 
 in the San Luis valley, Colorado, engaging in 
 mining and stock ranching, where he estab- 
 lished a ranch of 4,000 acres. From 1883 to 
 1886, he was county judge of Conejos coun- 
 ty, having been nominated by both republi- 
 cans and democrats ; and, although a repub- 
 lican, he was elected by both parties to that 
 office. At the end of the three years, he de- 
 clined a re-nomination, returning to Ms law 
 practice and the management of his large 
 
 ranch interests. He adjudicated (1889-91) the 
 water rights of the Twentieth district. Gover- 
 norRoutt appointed him judge of the Twelfth 
 district in 1891, and he continued in that 
 position until he was nominated for governor 
 in 1894, by the republican state convention. 
 He was elected, defeating Governor Waite, 
 who had been renominated. The great cry 
 by the republicans in this campaign was "re- 
 deem the state," in the attacks made upon 
 the Waite administration. His plurality was 
 nearly 20,000, and he served during the bi- 
 ennial term of 1895-97. The tenth general 
 assembly, which convened under his admin- 
 istration, met January 2, 1895, and was the 
 first to occupy the legislative chambers in 
 the new capitol, where all sessions have since 
 been held. The most important event in the 
 general assembly was the re-election of Ed- 
 ward 0. Wolcott to the United States senate. 
 There had been so much turmoil and agita- 
 tion during the Waite administration, that 
 by a quiet conduct of public affairs, Governor 
 Mclntire enabled the state to recuperate 
 from the excitement and bitterness of the 
 past two years. The main disturbing in- 
 fluence was the silver question, which later 
 split the republican party, and raised issues 
 and dissentions, that threatened the politics 
 of the state for years to come. 
 
 Governor Mclntire was a scholarly gen- 
 tleman, and well known linguist. He could 
 either speak or read German, Spanish, 
 French, Latin and Greek. 
 
 He married, first, July 16, 1873, Miss Flor- 
 ence, daughter of William Sidney Johnson of 
 New York City ; married, second, June 26, 
 1899, Ida Noyes Beaver, M. D. He removed 
 to Cleveland, Ohio, in February, 1899, and to 
 Puget Sound, Washington, December, 1900, 
 and now resides at Everett, that state. 
 
 
 83 
 
CHARLES SPALDING THOMAS. 
 
 T'HOMAS, CHARLES SPALDING, gov- 
 A ernor of Colorado (1899-1901), lawyer, 
 born December 6, 1849, in Darien, Georgia, 
 was the son of William B. and Caroline B. 
 (Wheeler) Thomas. Although born in the 
 south, he is of northern ancestry, his parents 
 
 a preparatory school in Connecticut, she in 
 the meantime having removed to Michigan, 
 where she died in 1866. In 1869, Mr. Thomas 
 removed to the latter state where for some 
 time he was employed on a farm, beginning 
 the study of law at Kalamazoo. Entering 
 
 CHARLES SPALDING THOMAS 
 
 both being natives of Connecticut. The fam- 
 ily is of Welsh origin, and intermarried with 
 the English. His mother was the daughter 
 of Amos H. Wheeler of Bridgeport, Connec- 
 ticut. His youth was spent in Macon, Geor- 
 gia, where he received his earlier education 
 in the private schools. His father died when 
 Charles S. was but four years of age. When 
 fifteen years of age, his mother sent him to 
 
 the University of Michigan, he was grad- 
 uated from the law department of that insti- 
 tution with the degree of L.L. B. in 1871, 
 and in December, that year, removed to 
 Colorado, entering the law office of Sayre 
 & Wright, then a leading law firm in the 
 west. Later, he opened a law office for him- 
 self, and in 1873, formed a partnership with 
 Thomas M. Patterson, continuing until the 
 
 -84 
 
election of Mr. Patterson as territorial dele- 
 gate in 1874, when it was dissolved. Mr. 
 Thomas was city attorney of Denver in 1875- 
 1876, and in 1879 resumed his partnership 
 with Mr. Patterson, Mr. Thomas removing 
 to Leadville, where he remained until 1885, 
 attending more the mining litigation of the 
 firm in that great mining town. In the lat- 
 ter year, he returned to Denver and in 1890, 
 dissolving with Mr. Patterson, he became the 
 senior member of the law firm of Thomas, 
 Bryant & Lee, which continued until 1893. 
 The firm then reorganized as Thomas, Bry- 
 ant & Malburn, and has since been enlarged, 
 the present (1911) name being Thomas, Bry- 
 ant, Malburn & Nye. 
 
 Mr. Thomas has made a specialty of min- 
 ing litigation, with his general practive of 
 the law, and from the time he opened an 
 office in Leadville in 1879, he has been a 
 prominent figure in the most important min- 
 ing suits in Colorado, and throughout the 
 west. From the hard struggle of the young 
 lawyer, he advanced by degrees to more lu- 
 crative practice, but with the expensive min- 
 ing litigation that came with the great min- 
 eral discoveries in Leadville, Aspen, Cripple 
 Creek, Creede and other parts of the state, 
 the services of Mr. Thomas were and are still 
 sought in all the most important and diffi- 
 cult mining litigation. From this source, he 
 soon acquired a well-earned fortune, and is 
 now in the prime of life in the practice of 
 his profession. 
 
 He w r as a faithful and earnest worker 
 and supporter of the democratic party in 
 Colorado, when it was a republican state, 
 and loyally bore more than his share of the 
 burden, in finally bringing about those vic- 
 tories that placed his party in power. In 
 1884 he was defeated for congress on the 
 democratic ticket. For twelve years he was 
 national democratic committeeman from 
 Colorado (1884-1896). In 1898, he was nom- 
 inated by his party for governor and was 
 endorsed by the silver republicans and popu- 
 lists and was elected by a large majority. 
 
 No governor of Colorado ever came into 
 office facing so many state financial diffi- 
 culties as were forced upon Governor Thom- 
 as. The state institutions were sadly in 
 need of money, the revenues having run far 
 behind. Through his recommendations, and 
 the measures he advocated, there was the be- 
 ginning of a retadjustment of the state's 
 finances, and the outline planned for more 
 efficient revenue laws. Governor Thomas, 
 although in hearty sympathy in all efforts 
 to raise revenues sufficient to support the 
 institutions of the state, yet advocated econ- 
 
 omy in its use and expenditure. During 
 his term of two years, there was not time to 
 carry out all his views, but it was due to 
 his executive ability and influence that a 
 good start was made that placed the state 
 income upon a basis commensurate with its 
 needs. Politically speaking, it is not always 
 a popular thing to encourage the enactment 
 of revenue laws, but Governor Thomas, see- 
 ing the necessity of having it done, pos- 
 sessed the nerve and courage to endorse that 
 policy, and made his view of the condition 
 of affairs so plain, that he received the en- 
 dorsement of the masses of the people both 
 as to the rectitude and wisdom of his admin- 
 istration. 
 
 Governor Thomas believes in good, 
 strong and effective platforms upon which 
 candidates should stand and be elected. Al- 
 though a consistent and ardent democrat, 
 yet, when in his opinion, his party is in error 
 and fails to meet and carry out a policy for 
 the best interests of the people, he is quick 
 and ready to criticize it therefor. 
 
 Governor Thomas has for many years 
 been prominent in the national councils and 
 conventions of the democratic party. Among 
 other strong traits, he is also a fair, quick 
 and skilled parliamentarian. At the na- 
 tional democratic convention held in Kan- 
 sas City in 1900, he was the temporary 
 chairman. His address was eloquent and pa- 
 triotic, dealing with the issues of the day in 
 an able and logical manner. 
 
 During the session of the eighteenth 
 (1911) general assembly of Colorado, he was 
 a candidate for the United States senate, to 
 fill the vacancy caused by the lamented 
 death of the late Senator Charles J. Hughes 
 Jr. Governor Thomas stood with the high- 
 est in the number of votes received for that 
 high office, but owing to party dissentions, 
 there was no election. He is a member of 
 the University and Denver Athletic Clubs, 
 Denver, and is a member of the Knights of 
 Pythias. 
 
 Governor Thomas married, December 29, 
 1873, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, Miss Emma, 
 daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Fletcher 
 of that city. During his term as governor, 
 Mrs. Thomas, as the first lady of the state, 
 filled that position with dignity and grace. 
 Governor and Mrs. Thomas occupy a posi- 
 tion of high social standing, and whether in 
 public or private life, their beautiful Denver 
 home is known for its hospitality. Five chil- 
 dren were born to them : Helen (wife of 
 William P. Malburn), Edith, Charles S., Hu- 
 bert F. and George K. 
 
 85 
 
JAMES BRADLEY ORMAN 
 
JAMES BRADLEY ORMAN. 
 
 ORMAN, JAMES BRADLEY, governor of 
 Colorado (1901-02), railroad builder 
 and financier, born in Muscatine, Iowa, No- 
 vember 4, 1849, was the son of John and 
 Sarah Josephine (Bradley) Orman. He 
 worked on his father's farm and attended the 
 public schools during his youth, and when 
 twenty years of age came to Denver, in 1869, 
 depending upon his own energy and exer- 
 tions to push his way up in the world. Den- 
 ver was then the center of railway building 
 and activity, and with shrewd business fore- 
 sight, he anticipated the need of horses and 
 draft animals for the completion of the rail- 
 roads then in course of construction toward 
 this city. Together with his brother, Wil- 
 liam A. Orman, he bought and sold horses 
 and mules at a good profit. In the fall of 
 1869, the Orman brothers were awarded the 
 contract for the construction of the old Kan- 
 sas Pacific (now a part of the Union Pacific 
 system) from Sheridan, Kansas, to Denver. 
 This work, satisfactorily performed, was 
 but the beginning of Mr. Orman 's long and 
 successful career as a railway contractor and 
 builder in Colorado and the west. He has 
 constructed more miles of railroad in Colo- 
 rado than any other man in the state. He 
 has been awarded and filled many contracts 
 with the following roads: Kansas Pacific, 
 Denver and Rio Grande, Colorado Midland, 
 Canadian Pacific, Oregon Pacific, Elk Moun- 
 tain, Texas, Santa Fe and Northern, Florence 
 and Cripple Creek, Crystal River, Colorado 
 and Northwestern, Denver, Northwestern and 
 Pacific and other railroads. Mr. Orman has 
 also constructed some of the largest irrigat- 
 ing canals in the west. As he began to accu- 
 mulate wealth, he made large investments in 
 Pueblo, Denver and Trinidad real estate, also 
 possessing valuable holdings in Huerfano 
 county coal lands. His business houses and 
 palatial home, which he erected in Pueblo, 
 identified him with that city as one of its 
 most progressive citizens. He was interested 
 in, and for five years, was the president of 
 the Pueblo Street railway, of which he was 
 one of the organizers in 1879. He also be- 
 
 came interested in the Bessemer irrigating 
 ditch and additional coal properties in Pit- 
 kin and Gunnison counties, and mines in 
 Cripple Creek. The government canal near 
 Montrose was built by him, and he became 
 the president of the Bankers' Consolidated 
 Mines, near Ouray, and the Oro Hondo mine 
 m Lead City, South Dakota. 
 
 Mr. Orman, early in his career, became a 
 dominant figure in Colorado politics, as one 
 of the leaders of the democratic party. For 
 several terms he was a member of the Pueblo 
 city council, and in 1880 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Colorado legislature, being re- 
 elected in 1882. He was a candidate, in 1883, 
 for the short term in the United States sen- 
 ate (to fill the unexpired term of Henry M. 
 Teller, who had resigned and been appointed 
 secretary of the interior), 'and received the 
 unanimous vote of the democrats in the legis- 
 lature. The democrats were in the minority, 
 but he received their solid vote, and from 
 two to five republican votes, receiving on one 
 ballot, twenty-seven votes and within three 
 of an election. He declined the democratic 
 nomination for governor in 1888 and 1890, 
 but in 1900 accepted, also being endorsed 
 by the populists and silver republicans, and 
 was elected. During his term of two years, 
 he gave the state an honest, conservative and 
 business-like administration. In 1892, he 
 was a delegate to the national democratic 
 convention, and in 1897, was; elected mayor 
 of Pueblo. When mayor of Pueblo, and gov- 
 ernor of Colorado, he followed and carried 
 out those principles that had made him a 
 successful business man. 
 
 Governor Orman is a thirty-second degree 
 Mason, and prominent in that order. He and 
 his wife are members of the Episcopal church 
 and are among the most prominent in social 
 and church work in Pueblo. 
 
 He* married, September 27, 1877, Miss 
 Nellie, daughter of William P. Martin of 
 Pueblo. Two children were born to them: 
 Frederick B., graduate of Princeton uni- 
 versity, and engaged in business in Pueblo; 
 and Edna A., who died. 
 
 87 
 
JAMES HAMILTON PEABODY 
 
 JAMES HAMILTON PEABODY. 
 
 pEABODY, JAMES HAMILTON, was 
 * born at Topsham, Orange county, Ver- 
 mont, August 21, 1852. His father was Cal- 
 vin Peabody, farmer, born at Salem, Massa- 
 chusetts, May 26, 1798, died at Pueblo, Colo- 
 
 rado, April 22, 1879. His mother was Susan 
 Lucinda Turner, born at Tunbridge, Ver- 
 mont, March 16, 1828, the daughter of 
 Charles and Lucinda Turner. 
 
 The first of the house to arrive in Ameri- 
 
 88 
 
ca was Lieutenant Francis Peabody, born 
 in 1614. He was a resident of St. Albans, 
 Hertfordshire, England. He was one of the 
 leaders of a band of sturdy colonists who left 
 the mother country to found a new nation 
 in the land of promise over seas. 
 
 When twenty years of age Mr. Peabody 
 left his native state and came to Colorado, 
 reaching Denver October 20, 1872. He en- 
 tered the mercantile business immediately, 
 and in 1874 formed a partnership under the 
 firm name of Peabody Brothers, dry goods 
 merchants. The next year, 1875, he went to 
 Canon City, becoming associated with James 
 McClelland in the dry goods and clothing 
 business. Under his direction the business 
 prospered so that in 1878 he was able to buy 
 out his partner's interest. Thenceforth until 
 1885 it was continued under the firm name 
 of James H. Peabody and Company. In that 
 year he disposed of his mercantile interests 
 and organized the First National Bank of 
 Canon City. He was elected president of the 
 institution and continued at its head until 
 1908, when his extensive business interests 
 in Denver demanding his entire time, he dis- 
 posed of his bank stock and retired from its 
 management. 
 
 While Governor Peabody is more widely 
 known through his connection with politics, 
 and his service to community and state in 
 various offices, he has also a splendid name 
 as one of the prominent business men of the 
 state. A partial list of his activities in a 
 business way shows the active and intelligent 
 interest he took in the development and 
 growth of the cities in which he has lived. 
 He organized the Canon City Water Works 
 Company and was its secretary until the 
 plant was sold to the city. He also organ- 
 ized the Canon City Electric Light & Power 
 Company and was its president until it was 
 sold to the Colorado Light & Power Com- 
 pany. 
 
 While Governor Peabody has been essen- 
 tially a business man, he has always taken an 
 active interest in politics and the business 
 of government. Shortly after he went to 
 Canon City he was made city clerk, and two 
 years later, in 1880, he was made city treas- 
 urer. From 1882 to 1890 he served as a 
 city alderman, and during part of that 
 time, from 1885 to 1889 he was county clerk 
 and recorder of Fremont county. The es- 
 teem in which he was held by his fellow 
 townsmen is evidenced by the fact that con- 
 currently with his other positions he served 
 as president of the school board from 1883 
 to 1890. 
 
 For an interval of several years he re- 
 
 tired from politics to devote himself entirely 
 to his increasing business affairs, but in 1898 
 his neighbors again called upon him and he 
 was made mayor of Canon City. He served 
 for two terms and was still in that office when 
 the republican state convention, meeting at. 
 Denver in 1902, named him to head their 
 ticket in the general elections of that year, 
 and he was triumphantly elected governor, 
 although in 1900 the democratic candidate 
 had received a majority of about 15,000 
 votes. 
 
 Shortly after his induction into office 
 labor troubles, which had been brewing for 
 some time, broke out at Cripple Creek, Clear 
 Creek, Telluride and the southern coal fields 
 in Las Animas county. Business became un- 
 settled and numerous outrages were perpe- 
 trated. In his determination to preserve or- 
 der General Peabody ordered the national 
 guard into the field in the several districts 
 and kept them there until the end of the 
 troubles. At the conclusion of his first term 
 he received a renomination from his party 
 and won re-election at the polls after show- 
 ing to the satisfaction of the entire state 
 that thousands of fraudulent votes had been 
 counted against him in Denver county. 
 
 Governor Peabody 's part in the mem- 
 orable contest which he waged at that time 
 for the preservation of an undefiled ballot, 
 won for him the grateful commendation of 
 all right thinking people. It was Governor 
 Peabody 's action which broke up the long- 
 existing crooked election conspirators and 
 landed more than a score of them behind 
 prison bars. Since the election of 1904 an 
 honest count has been the rule in Denver. 
 
 After receiving his certificate of elec- 
 tion from the legislature Governor Peabody 
 resigned the office on March 17, 1905. Since 
 that time he has devoted himself to his 
 business interests. 
 
 Governor Peabody was married March 
 19, 1878, to Frances Lillian Clelland, daugh- 
 ter of James Clelland of Canon City. They 
 have one son and two daughters: James 
 Clelland Peabody, Cora May Peabody and 
 Jessie Anne Peabody. 
 
 Governor Peabody is a member of the 
 Denver Club. 
 
 In the Masonic order, Governor Peabody 
 has long been an active member, has filled 
 every election office in both subordinate and 
 grand bodies; has been a member of the 
 jurisprudence committee of the grand lodge 
 for a period of twenty-five years and is a 
 thirty-third degree inspector general honor- 
 ary of the Scottist rite. 
 
 
 89 
 
JESSE FULLER McDONALD 
 
 90 
 
JESSE FULLER McDONALD. 
 
 X/f cDONALD, JESSE FULLER, mine op- 
 * * erator, former Governor of Colorado, was 
 born June 30, 1858, at Asthabula, Ohio, son 
 of Lyman M. and Caroline Bond McDonald. 
 His mother was the daughter of Benjamin and 
 Caroline Bond. His earliest American an- 
 cestors were Robert Cushman, who came from 
 England and settled at Plymouth, Mass, in 
 1621, and James McDonald, a native of 
 Scotland, who settled in Maine in 1750. His 
 ancestors on both sides served with distinc- 
 tion in the Colonial, Revolutionary and Civil 
 Wars. The McDonalds are a long-lived race, 
 his father, born in 1831, living to the age of 
 79. 
 
 At the age of 21, Gov. McDonald, having 
 enjoyed the advantages of a sound, practical 
 education, received in the public schools and 
 an academy in his native state, started west 
 and joined the rush to Leadville. From that 
 year, 1879, down to the present, he has called 
 the Cloud City his home, except for two years, 
 1905-1906, when as governor of his adopted 
 state, he resided at the capital city. 
 
 In 1884 he formed a partnership with 
 George M. Robinson as civil and mining engi- 
 neers. It proved a profitable association 
 for both. 
 
 In 1887 he became general manager of 
 the Robinson Consolidated Mining Com- 
 pany's properties, a position he held for ten 
 years. His mining interests at the present 
 time are large. He is owner of the Penrose 
 mine, the Harvard and others. In addition 
 to his mining ventures, he is vice-president 
 
 of the American National Bank at Leadville r 
 and Manager of the Eli Mining & Land Com- 
 pany. 
 
 The high regard in which Governor Mc- 
 Donald is held by those who know him best is 
 testified by the fact that for three successive 
 terms, from 1899 to 1905, he was, as a Re- 
 publican, elected ' mayor of the Democratic 
 city of Leadville. From the Lake county 
 district, also Democratic, he was elected 
 state senator in 1902, but through operation 
 of partisan politics, he was not permitted to 
 retain his seat. Political justice was meted to 
 the party which decreed his sacrifice then, for 
 at the next session of the legislature he was, 
 as lieutenant governor, elected to the presi- 
 dency of the body to which he had been 
 elected. A few months later he succeeded 
 to the governor's chair and gave to the state 
 of Colorado an administration that still 
 stands as a model of business capacity. 
 
 In 1910 Governor McDonald was called 
 to the chairmanship of the Republican party 
 organization. In the face of many adverse 
 circumstances he won victory for a con- 
 siderable number of his party's candidates for 
 office. 
 
 Gov. McDonald married April 26, 1890, 
 Miss Flora S. Collins. They have no children 
 living. 
 
 He was given the honorary degree of Min- 
 ing Engineer by the Colorado School of 
 Mines in 1905. 
 
 Gov. McDonald is a Mason, Knight Tem- 
 plar, thirty-second degree Scottish Rite, 
 Shriner, and member of the B. P. O. of Elks. 
 
 91 
 
HENRY AUGUSTUS BUCHTEL 
 
 HENRY AUGUSTUS BUCHTEL. 
 
 gUCHTEL, HENRY AUGUSTUS, clergy- 
 man, chancellor of the University of 
 Denver, and former governor of Colorado, 
 born near Akron, Ohio, September 30, 1847, 
 was the son of Dr. Jonathan B. and Eliza 
 
 (Newcomer) Buchtel, grandson of Solomon 
 and Maria (Reber) Buchtel, and great grand- 
 son of John Buchtel, the progenitor of the 
 family in America, who in 1753, came from 
 Germany, and settled in Pennsylvania. This 
 
 92 
 
John Buchtel, the American ancestor, was a 
 man of learning, an astronomer, and was 
 imbued with progressive ideas. John R. 
 Buchtel, a cousin of Governor Buchtel's 
 father, built and equipped Buchtel college, at 
 Akron, Ohio. 
 
 In 1848, Dr. Jonathan B. Buchtel, the 
 father of the subject of this sketch, removed 
 from Akron, Ohio, to Indiana, first settling 
 at Elkhart, and later at South Bend, where 
 the future governor of Colorado received his 
 early education, mostly in private schools. 
 After a year's study at Asbury (now De 
 Pauw) University, he spent several years 
 in business. For some time he was foreman 
 of the country order department of a whole- 
 sale drug house in Chicago, and subsequently 
 held a partnership in a wholesale and retail 
 grocery business at South Bend, Indiana. 
 Meanwhile, having become more and more 
 interested in religion, and deciding to enter 
 the ministry, he resumed his work at the 
 university and was graduated in 1872. His 
 career is shown in outline as follows : A. B. 
 Asbury (De Pauw) 1872; A. M. 1875; or- 
 dained minister in the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, 1872 ; missionary to Bulgaria, 1873 ; 
 pastor, Greencastle, Indiana, 1873-6 ; 
 Knightstown, Indiana, 1876-9; Richmond, 
 Indiana, 1879-82 ; La Fayette, Indiana, 1882- 
 1885 ; Evans chapel, Denver, Colorado, 1885- 
 1886; Trinity church, Denver, Colorado, 
 1886-91 ; Central Avenue church, Indianapo- 
 lis, Indiana, 1891-6 ; Calvary church, East 
 Orange, New Jersey, 1897-9 ; chancellor of 
 the University of Denver since January 1, 
 1900; governor of Colorado, 1907-9. 
 
 While preaching in the east in 1899, he 
 was recalled to Colorado, to become chancel- 
 lor of the University of Denver. After a 
 vigorous and systematic campaign, he raised 
 $260,000, clearing the property of all mort- 
 gage incumbrances, but all floating indebted- 
 ness was not wiped out until the total 
 amount secured was one-third of a million 
 dollars. At this writing, November, 1911, 
 the total amount of the gifts of the friends 
 of the university since Chancellor Buchtel 
 came into service, aggregates two-thirds of 
 a million dollars. 
 
 The University of Denver is the pioneer 
 school of higher learning in Colorado, having 
 as many graduates as the University of Colo- 
 rado and the State School of Mines com- 
 bined. Since the beginning of his adminis- 
 tration, the annual attendance was greatly 
 increased 
 
 In the fall of 1906, the republican party 
 of Colorado, in an emergency, and when in 
 need of a strong man to lead their ticket, 
 
 offered the nomination for governor to Chan- 
 cellor Buchtel after the regular nominee had 
 resigned. As a preacher, lecturer, and chan- 
 cellor of the University he had often can- 
 vassed the state, and was well known as an 
 orator. He made a vigorous and memorable 
 campaign, and was elected by a majority 
 approximating 20,000. Governor Buchtel 
 was inaugurated in Trinity Methodist Epis- 
 copal church, which was built while he was 
 pastor. He concluded his inaugural address 
 with a prayer which was followed by the 
 Lord's prayer. The following are the princi- 
 pal events of his administration : all appro- 
 priations for the biennial period, as well as 
 all deficits of former administrations, were 
 paid in full, and the administration turned 
 over to its successor a cash surplus of three 
 hundred thousand dollars. The sixteenth 
 general assembly of Colorado, which was con- 
 vened during Governor Buchtel's term, made 
 a splendid record in the wholesome laws that 
 were enacted. Indeed, every pledge of the 
 republican party was fulfilled in the record 
 of the sixteenth general assembly. No other 
 general assembly in the history of the state 
 can boast of having kept all the promises 
 made during the political campaign. The 
 laws enacted which are of special importance 
 are as follows : a pure food law, a law pro- 
 viding for the inspection of building and 
 loan associations, a civil service law, laws 
 establishing state employment agencies, a ju- 
 venile court, and detention houses for child 
 offenders, one of the best local option laws 
 adopted by any northern state, a law to pro- 
 vide labor for prisoners on public highways, 
 and a meat and slaughter-house inspection 
 law, as well as enactments regulating bank- 
 ing, insurance and railroads. Retiring as 
 the chief executive of Colorado, January 12, 
 1909, Governor Buchtel devotes his entire 
 time to his duties as chancellor of the Uni- 
 versity of Denver. He is also one of the 
 leading speakers in the Chautauqua field. In 
 1884 and 1900, respectively, his alma mater 
 conferred upon him the honorary degrees of 
 Doctor of Divinity and Doctor of Laws. 
 
 He married, at Greencastle, Indiana, Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1873, Miss Mary, daughter of Wil- 
 liam N. Stevenson of that city. They have 
 two sons, Dr. Frost Craft Buchtel and Henry 
 Augustus Jr. who died in 1901, and two 
 daughters, Emma (Mrs. William G. Lennox) 
 and Mary. 
 
 Mrs. Buchtel comes from a distinguished 
 American ancestry, and during her hus- 
 band's term as governor, she honored and 
 dignified the position she held as the first 
 lady of the state. 
 
 93 
 
JOHN FRANKLIN SHAFROTH. 
 
 SHAFROTH, JOHN FRANKLIN, governor 
 of Colorado (1909-1910, re-elected for 
 1911-1912, congressman first district, Colo- 
 rado, 1895-1904), lawyer, born in Fayette, 
 Howard county, Missouri, June 9, 1854, was 
 the son of John and Anna (Aull) Shafroth. 
 John Shafroth was born September 3, 1810, 
 in Switzerland, and when a young man came 
 
 were born six children: Sophia, William, 
 Laura, Louisa, Carrie, and John F. Shafroth, 
 the latter being the future congressman and 
 governor of Colorado. 
 
 John F. Shafroth was educated in the 
 public schools of his native town, and then 
 attended the University of Michigan, from 
 which he was graduated with degree of B. S. 
 
 JOHN FRANKLIN SHAFROTH 
 
 to this country, settling first in St. Louis, 
 where he remained three years. He then re- 
 moved to Rocheport, Missouri, and at the end 
 of a year, located in Fayette, which became 
 his permanent residence, where he died, May 
 8, 1866. For twenty-five years, John Shaf- 
 roth was a prominent merchant and one of 
 the leading citizens of Fayette. November 9, 
 1840, he married Anna Aull, and to them 
 
 in 1875. In 1909, his alma mater conferred 
 upon him the degree of L. L. D. Entering 
 the law office of Samuel C. Major, at Fay- 
 ette, he was admitted to the bar in 1876, and 
 soon thereafter formed a partnership with 
 him, continuing the practice until October, 
 1879, when Mr. Shafroth came to Denver. 
 Soon after his arrival in this city he formed 
 a partnership with Judge A. W. Brazee, and 
 
about two years later became a member of 
 the law firm of Stallcup, Luthe & Shafroth. 
 In 1887, Mr. Shafroth was elected city attor- 
 neney of Denver on the republican ticket, 
 and was re-elected in 1889, serving a contin- 
 uous period of four years. When Mr. Luthe, 
 one of his law partners, was elected district 
 attorney for the second district in 1882, Mr. 
 Shafroth was appointed his chief deputy, a 
 position which he filled with marked ability 
 for three years. It was while serving in the 
 office of the district attorney, that Mr. Shaf- 
 roth developed into the forcible and logical 
 speaker and orator for which he has since 
 become distinguished. His first term as city 
 attorney was ably conducted and easily as- 
 sured him a re-election. In 1887, he formed 
 a partnership with Judge Platt Rogers, the 
 firm later becoming Rogers, Shafroth & 
 Gregg. 
 
 In 1894 Mr. Shafroth was elected to con- 
 gress on the republican ticket, in the first 
 Colorado district, defeating Lafe Pence, who 
 had been re-nominated by the populists. It 
 was a spirited campaign, in which he won 
 by a vote of forty-seven thousand seven hun- 
 dred and ten to thirty-four thousand two 
 hundred and twenty-three for Mr. Pence. In 
 1896, he left the republican party, and as- 
 sisted to organize the silver republicans, be- 
 ing dissatisfied with the republicans on the 
 silver and other questions. In the campaigns 
 of 1896, 1898 and 1900, he was re-elected to 
 congress as a silver republican. In the cam- 
 paign of 1902, he ran for congress as a dem- 
 ocrat again Robert W. Bonynge, republican 
 and on the face of the returns, Mr. Shafroth 
 receiving forty-one thousand four hundred 
 and forty votes, and Mr. Bonynge thirty- 
 eight thousand six hundred and forty-eight, 
 the latter contesting the election on the 
 charge of election frauds in the city of Den- 
 ver. Three days after examining the ballots, 
 which he and his opponent had stipulated 
 should be sent to congress to be opened for 
 the first time. Mr. Shafroth found evidences 
 of fraud and not wishing to retain a seat 
 tainted with either fraud or the suspicion of 
 fraud retired. It was a memorable scene 
 in the house of representatives, when Mr. 
 Shafroth arose in that body, briefly ex- 
 plained his position in the matter, resigning 
 February 15, 1904, and the day following Mr. 
 Bonynge was sworn in as a member of con- 
 gress. 
 
 In 1904, he was the democratic candidate 
 at large for congress on the democratic tick- 
 et, but was defeated by Franklin E. Brooks, 
 republican, of Colorado Springs, yet he re- 
 ceived a large vote, polling one hundred and 
 
 twelve thousand three hundred and eighty- 
 three as against one hundred and twenty-one 
 thousand two hundred and thirty-six for Mr. 
 Brooks. In 1908, he was nominated by the 
 democrats for governor and was elected, de- 
 feating Governor Jesse F. McDonald, repub- 
 lican by a vote of one hundred and thirty 
 thousand one hundred and thirty-nine to one 
 hundred and seventeen thousand three hun- 
 dred and seventy. He was re-elected gov- 
 ernor as a democrat, in 1910, defeating for- 
 mer state senator, John B. Stephen, republi- 
 can. 
 
 During the session of the legislature in 
 1911, in which the election of a successor 
 to fill the unexpired term of the late Senator 
 Charles J. Hughes, Jr., was held, he refused 
 to enter the contest for United States Sen- 
 ator, although his name was prominently 
 mentioned for that position. 
 
 Governor Shafroth married, October 26, 
 1881, in Fayette, Missouri, Miss Virginia, 
 daughter of John and Eliza Morrison, her 
 father being one of the most prominent cit- 
 izens of Howard county, Missouri. Her 
 great-grandfather, William Morrison, came 
 from Wales, and soon after his arrival in 
 this country, settled in Jessamine county, 
 Kentucky, and married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Alfred Williams, formerly of Virginia. 
 Their son, Alfred W. Morrison, the grand- 
 father of Mrs. Shafroth, was born Novem- 
 ber 25, 1802. When a small boy, his father 
 died, and his mother married Lawrence J. 
 Daley, an accomplished teacher. In 1820 
 they removed to Howard county, Missouri, 
 where Alfrew W. Morrison was for ten 
 years county surveyor, also sheriff, and in 
 1851, was appointed state treasurer of Mis- 
 souri to fill a vacancy, and was then elected 
 for three terms to that position. The Shaf- 
 roth, Morrison, Talbot, Ward, Sebree, and 
 other prominent families of central Missouri 
 are intermarried, and occupying high posi- 
 tions of honor in the army, navy, and public 
 life. Mrs. Shafroth is a cousin of Admiral 
 Sebree, recently retired. Of this same family 
 was the late Ralph Talbot, regent of the 
 State University of Colorado, and Thomas 
 Ward, United States District Attorney, for 
 Colorado, and manager of the Denver Times. 
 
 Governor and Mrs. Shafroth have the 
 following children: John F. Shafroth, Jr., 
 graduate (1908) in United States Naval 
 Academy, now ensign on United States Bat- 
 tleship Virginia; Morrison Shafroth, gradu- 
 ate of Michigan University, 1910, admitted 
 to practice law in Supreme Court of Colo- 
 rado in 1911 ; William Shafroth, now attend- 
 ing Michigan University. 
 
 95 
 
HENRY MOORE TELLER. 
 
 'T'ELLER, HENRY MOORE, United States 
 
 A senator, secreary of the interior, born at 
 
 Granger, Alleghany county, New York, May 
 
 liam (second), had a son William (third), 
 the father of William (fourth) whose son, 
 Isaac Teller, M. D., M*as an eminent physi- 
 
 HENRY MOORE TELLER 
 
 23, 1830, was the son of John and Charlotte 
 (Moore) Teller. The family is of Dutch ori- 
 gin, Senator Teller being the seventh in 
 descent from William Teller from Holland, 
 the first of the name in this country, born in 
 1620, coming to New York in 1639, settling 
 at Fort Orange, where the King of Holland 
 appointed him a trustee to a tract of land. 
 He married Mary Dusen, and their son, Wil- 
 
 cian in New York City, with an office at the 
 corner of Chambers street and Broadway. 
 He died while in active service of the colonies 
 as a surgeon in the American revolution. He 
 married Rebecca Remsen, born in Brooklyn, 
 New York, of Dutch parentage. Of this mar- 
 riage was born Remsen Teller, about 1769, 
 who became a resident of Schenectady, New 
 York. He married Catherin (of Ballston 
 
 96 
 

 Spa, New York), daughter of David and 
 Sarah (DuBois) McDonald, the latter a 
 daughter of Colonel Louis DuBois, of the 
 revolutionary war. Their son, John Teller, 
 born in Schenectady, New York, February 
 15, 1800, married Charlotte, born in Ver- 
 mont in 1808, daughter of AVillard Moore, 
 born in Vermont, the latter removing to 
 Ballston Spa, New York, thence to Allegheny 
 county, that state, about 1821, later settling 
 in Rochester, New York, in 1840. John 
 Teller settled on a farm in Allegheny county, 
 New York, thence to Girard, Erie county, 
 Pennsylvania, and after a ten years' resi- 
 dence there removed in 1862 to Morrison, 
 "Whiteside county, Illinois, where he died in 
 1879, his widow surviving him many years. 
 
 Their son, Henry M. Teller, worked on 
 the farm and attended the common schools, 
 and later, by teaching, earned the money that 
 enabled him to attend Alfred university and 
 Rushford academy. Then teaching school 
 again for a short time, he entered upon the 
 study of his profession in the law office of 
 Judge Martin Grover, Angelica, New York, 
 and on January 5, 1858, was admitted to the 
 bar at Binghampton, that state. Locating at 
 Morrison, Illinois, he began the practice of 
 the law, continuing from 1858 until April, 
 1861, when he crossed the plains to Colorado, 
 opening a law office in Central City. Three 
 years later he was joined by his brother, Wil- 
 lard, and together they established the law 
 firm of H. M. and W. Teller. During the 
 Indian troubles in 1863, he was appointed by 
 Governor John Evans major general of the 
 Colorado militia, but resigned from ihat po- 
 sition after serving two years. Senator Tel- 
 ler was one of the projectors of the Colorado 
 Central railroad, drafted its charter in 1865, 
 and with W. A. H. Loveland, presented it to 
 the legislature, secured its passage by that 
 body, and was president of the road for five 
 years. He also became interested in mining 
 and other enterprises, in addition to his reg- 
 ular practice in the legal profession. 
 
 Originally, Senator Teller was a demo- 
 crat, the same as his father, but when the 
 republican party was organized, he became 
 one of its adherents. After the admission of 
 Colorado as a state in 1876, he and Jerome 
 B. Chaffee were elected United States sena- 
 tors, Teller drawing the short term of three 
 months, that expired in March, 1877. He 
 was then elected for the full term of six 
 years (1877-1883). Although a new member, 
 he was at once placed in most active work, 
 being on the committee of privileges and 
 elections that was sent to Florida to investi- 
 gate the frauds of 1876; and in 1878 was 
 made chairman of a special committee to in- 
 
 vestigate the chcarges of election frauds in 
 the southern states, concerning which he 
 made a careful and elaborate report. He 
 also, as chairman of the committee on civil 
 service and retrenchment, rendered faithful 
 and efficient service. 
 
 In April, 1882, Senator Teller was ap- 
 pointed secretary of the interior by President 
 Arthur, filling that position with marked 
 ability, until the expiration of the presiden- 
 tial term, March, 1885. The day following, 
 he again took his seat in the senate, succeed- 
 ing the Honorable N. P. Hill. He was re- 
 elected to succeed himself in 1891, and again 
 in 1897, his work and influence in the sen- 
 ate increasing with each session of that body, 
 being either chairman or a member of most 
 responsible committees. He was especially 
 considered and recognized as an authority 
 on public lands, and other questions relat- 
 ing to the west. He became the champion in 
 advocating the free coinage of silver, believ- 
 ing that the demonetization act of 1873 had 
 not only proven disastrous to Colorado, but 
 to the entire nation as well. After the de- 
 feat of the free silver issue in the republican 
 national convention held in St. Louis in 1896, 
 Senator Teller and his followers left the 
 convention hall. The reception that he re- 
 ceived on his return to Denver from that con- 
 vention, was even more brilliant than the 
 one given him on his return in 1893, after his 
 long and able battle in behalf of free silver. 
 This led to the organization of the silver re- 
 publicans in Colorado. In 1897 he was re- 
 elected to the senate as an independent and 
 silver republican, and in 1903, as a demo- 
 crat, thus serving four terms in succession, 
 1885-1909. This with his prior record in the 
 senate, and as secretary of the interior, 
 lengthened Senator Teller's long and dis- 
 tinguished service at Washington to a term 
 of thirty-three years, and gave him recogni- 
 tion as one of the leading statesmen of this 
 country. He is now a member of the mone- 
 tary commission. In 1886, Alfred university 
 conferred upon him the degree of L. L. D. 
 He ranks high in masonry. For seven years 
 he was grand master for the state, and the 
 first grand commander, Knights Templar, Col- 
 orado, and attained the honorary thirty-third 
 degree in 1866, of the Scottish rite, and be- 
 came an active thirty-third degree in 1882, 
 and is now one of the oldest thirty-third de- 
 gree Masons in the United States. 
 
 Senator Teller married, June 7, 1862, in 
 Cuba, New York, Miss Harriet M., daughter 
 of Packard Bruce, a farmer of Alleghany 
 county, that state. They have three children, 
 all born in Central City, Colorado : Emma A., 
 John Harrison and Henry Bruce. 
 
 97 
 
JEROME B. CHAFFEE 
 
 98 
 
JEROME B. CHAFFEE. 
 
 /CHAFFEE, JEROME B., United States 
 ^** senator, born in Niagara county, New 
 York, April 17, 1825, died in Salem Center, 
 Westchester county, New York, March 9, 
 1886, was descended from Thomas Chaffee, 
 the imigrant ancestor, who came to New 
 England, where in 1635, he was living and 
 owned land in Hingham, Massachusetts. His 
 grandfather, Otis Chaffee, born in Westmin- 
 ster, Vermont, and married Abigail (died 
 September 18, 1851, aged eighty-four) 
 daughter of John Abby, fought in the revolu- 
 tion, serving under Major Elkanah Day with 
 the Westminster militia, which marched on 
 the alarm of October 17, 1780, when Royal- 
 ton, Vermont, was burned by the Indians, 
 and his name appears with the rolls of other 
 companies. He is also said to have served 
 in the war of 1812, and died in Sackett's 
 Harbor, where he is supposed to have been 
 killed in the battle in that place May 29, 
 1813. 
 
 Senator Chaffee was the son of Warren 
 (born in Vermont January 22, 1797, died in 
 Adrian, Michigan, July 27, 1863), and his 
 first wife, Elizabeth (daughter of John Otto) 
 Chaffee, whom he married in Angelica, New 
 York. Warren Chaffee was a farmer and 
 for a time lived in Lockport, New York, and 
 later removed with his family to Adrian, 
 Michigan. 
 
 Jerome B. Chaffee, the son, married in 
 Adian, Michigan, September 24, 1848, Mir- 
 iam Barnard, daughter of Warner M. and 
 Mary (Perry) Comstock, of that place. She 
 was born in Lockport, New York, September 
 28, 1829, and died November 11, 1857, and 
 was buried in Adrian. Four children were 
 born of this marriage, three dying in in- 
 fancy, and the fourth and youngest, Fannie 
 Josephine Chaffee, born in Adrian, January 
 16, 1857, so well known in her girlhood in 
 Colorado, married Ulysses S. Grant, Jr., son 
 of the famous general and President Ulysses 
 S. Grant. They formerly made their home 
 in New York City, but since 1893, resided 
 in San Diego, Califoria, where Mr. Grant is 
 a lawyer and also engaged in real estate 
 business. Five children were born of this 
 marriage: Miriam, Chaffee, Julia Dent, 
 Fannie and Ulysses S. Grant, the fourth. It 
 was in the beautiful country home, Salem, 
 New York, given by him to his daughter, 
 Mrs. U. S. Grant, Jr., that Senator Jerome 
 B. Chaffee died of acute laryngitis. 
 
 Senator Chaffee received an academic 
 
 education in the Lockport (New York) 
 schools, and moved to Adrian Michigan, in 
 1844, where he taught school, and s r as a 
 clerk in a store. For about three years he 
 engaged in the mercantile business at Li- 
 gonier, Indiana, and returning to Adrian, 
 was employed in a bank, and for a time was 
 in the service of the Michigan Southern & 
 Northern Indiana Railroad Company. About 
 1856, he was a banker at St. Joseph, Missou- 
 ri, and in 1857, was secretary and manager 
 of the Elmwood Town Company, in Kansas. 
 In 1859, he formed a partner ship with Eben 
 Smith, who had recently returned from 
 California, and was building a quartz mill in 
 Leavenworth, to take to Colorado. Mr. 
 Chaffee came in February, 1860, and Mr. 
 Smith followed with the mill, in May, that 
 year. They began operations in Lake Gulch, 
 Gilpin county, with the Chaffee & Smith 
 stamp mill. Senator Chaffee then became 
 generally interested in mining, organizing 
 and becoming one of the largest owners in 
 the Bobtail Company. He was interested 
 in the Caribou mine, in Boulder county, and 
 was one of the principal owners of the Little 
 Pittsburg Consolidated Mining Company. 
 He, Eben Smith and others bought the bank- 
 ing interest of Clark, Gruber & Company, 
 and organized the First National Bank of 
 Denver, of which he was president until 
 1880. 
 
 Senator Chaffee was a republican, and a 
 leader in politics. He represented Gilpin 
 county in the legislature in 1861-3, being 
 speaker of the house the latter year. Under 
 an enablying act of congress the people or- 
 ganized a state government in 1865, and Mr. 
 Chaffee and Governor John Evans were 
 elected United States senators. The state- 
 hood bills of both 1865-6 and 1867-8, were 
 vetoed by President Johnson, and Chaffee 
 and Evans prevented from taking their seats 
 in the senate. In 1870 he was elected terri- 
 torial delegate to congress, and re-elected in 
 1872. After Colorado's admission as a state 
 in 1876, Jerome B. Chaffee and Henry M. 
 Teller were elected United States senators, 
 Mr. Chaffee drawing the short term, which 
 expired March 4, 1879. Although he lost 
 heavily in the Grant-Ward failure in New 
 York, yet Senator Chaffee left a large for- 
 tune. He was buried in Adrian, Michigan, 
 beside his wife and three children. He was 
 one of Colorado's greatest leaders, and his 
 name is indelibly written in the history and 
 founding of the state. 
 
 99 
 
NATHANIEL PETER HILL 
 
NATHANIEL PETER HILL. 
 
 , NATHANIEL PETER, United 
 States senator, born in Orange county, 
 New York, February 18, 1832, died in Den- 
 ver, Colorado, May 22, 1900, was descended 
 from a highly connected Colonial family of 
 New York state. His grandfather, Captain 
 Peter Hill (1751-1795), was captain of a min- 
 ute company for Hanover precinct, Ulster 
 county, New York, in 1775. He was in com- 
 mand of his company, with two lieutenants 
 and sixty-five men, on duty at Fort Constitu- 
 tion, February 13, 1776, and was at Fort 
 Montgomery, October 6, 1777. Senator Hill's 
 father, of the same name, was an extensive 
 farmer and served as representative in the 
 general assembly of New York, and was 
 county judge for several years. 
 
 Senator Hill, the third of seven children, 
 was reared on the old homestead, three miles 
 east of Montgomery, which was first occupied 
 by his grandfather, Captain Peter Hill, in 
 1779. After his father's death, he later suc- 
 ceeded his brother, James K. Hill, in the 
 management of the farm, at the same time at- 
 tending Montgomery Academy. He was grad- 
 uated from Brown university, Providence, 
 Rhode Island, in 1857, and was professor of 
 chemistry there, 1859-1864, but before grad- 
 uation, having made such progress in his fa- 
 vorite study, that he had been appointed as- 
 sistant to the professor in chemistry. In 
 July, 1860, he married Miss Alice Hale, born 
 in Providence, Rhode Island, in January, 
 1840, who died in Denver, July 19, 1908. Her 
 family is of the same heroic New England 
 stock as Nathan Hale, the patriot, who re- 
 gretted that he had but one life to give his 
 country. Mrs. Hill will always be remem- 
 bered for her patriotic and philanthropic 
 work in Denver. She is best known as the 
 creator of the kindergarten system in Den- 
 ver, and for the aid she gave in the building 
 of the home for the Young Women's Chris- 
 tian Association. For twenty years she was 
 the Colorado regent of the Mount Vernon 
 Ladies Association. Senator and Mrs. Hill 
 have both passed away, but in the social and 
 all those higher spheres of life, that stimulate 
 true manhood and womanhood, their names 
 will be cherished in Colorado. Three child- 
 ren survive them: Crawford Hill (q. v.), 
 Mrs. Franklin Price Knott and Mrs. Lucius 
 M. Cuthbert, 
 
 in chemistry and metallurgy at Brown Uni- 
 versity, influenced certain capitalists of Prov- 
 idence and Boston to seek his services, and at 
 their request, he came to Colorado in 1864, to 
 investigate the mineral and agricultural re- 
 sources of the Grilpin grant. Before return- 
 ing he visited Gilpin county, where he was 
 impressed with the wasteful methods, then 
 used, in the treatment of Colorado ores. Then 
 he conceived the founding of the great re- 
 duction and smelting works which were later 
 established in this state, that successfully 
 treated the refractory ores. He again visited 
 Colorado twice in 1865, and then made two 
 trips to Europe, investigating the methods 
 used at Swansea, Freiberg and other places, 
 in the treatment of gold and silver ores. Sat- 
 isfying himself of the feasibility of smelting 
 the products of the Colorado mines, in a trip 
 to this state in 1866 he returned east, and 
 Boston and Providence capitalists quickly 
 subscribed two hundred and seventy-five 
 thousand dollars for the Boston and Colo- 
 rado Smelting Company, which was organ- 
 ized in 1867. The company began smelting in 
 Black Hawk in January, 1868. The business 
 grew and prospered, the plant enlarged, and 
 in 1873, a branch was established at Alma, 
 Colorado. Products now being received 
 from all parts of the mining west, the capi- 
 tal stock was increased to one million dol- 
 lars, and the larger establishment built at 
 Argo, in the suburbs of Denver. He became 
 interested in the United Oil Company, which 
 handled the larger part of the oil output at 
 Florence, Colorado. He was president of the 
 Colorado Smelting and Refining Company, 
 the Denargo Land Company, and many en- 
 terprises, linked with the development of 
 the west and was the owner of the Denver 
 Republican. 
 
 Senator Hill was a republican, and soon 
 became a leader in his party and although a 
 man of wealth, began a fight on monopolies. 
 He was mayor of Black Hawk in 1871 ; mem- 
 ber of territorial council, 1872-3; and was 
 elected United States senator for six years, 
 his term beginning March 4, 1879, when he 
 succeeded Jerome B. Chaffee. In the senate 
 he became prominent as a leader. After his 
 retirement from that body, because of his 
 learning and ability President Harrison, in 
 1891, appointed Senator Hill one of the three 
 members of the international monetary corn- 
 
 Senator Hill's high record for proficiency mission. 
 
GEORGE M. CHILCOTT 
 
 102 
 
GEORGE M. CHILCOTT. 
 
 CHILCOTT, GEORGE M., United States 
 Senator for Colorado (1882-1883; Terri- 
 torial Delegate, 1867-1869, to Congress), was 
 born in Trough Creek Valley, Huntingdon 
 county, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1828, and 
 died in St. Louis, Missouri, March 6, 1891. 
 He was reared on a farm and attended the 
 country schools. His parents removed to 
 Jefferson county, Iowa, in the spring of 1844, 
 where he worked on a farm for about two 
 years. Later, he taught school and studied 
 medicine, until the spring of 1850. Mr. Chil- 
 cott was elected sheriff of Jefferson county, 
 on the whig ticket, in 1853, serving one 
 term. Removing to Burt county, Nebraska, 
 in 1856, he was elected that same year, from 
 Burt and Cummings counties to the lower 
 house of the legislature, as a republican. He 
 started for the "Pike's Peak Country" in 
 
 1859, arriving in Denver in May, that year, 
 He then became a prospector during the sum- 
 mer months. In the fall, he was elected from 
 the town of Arapahoe, to the constitutional 
 convention, which met in Denver. Return- 
 ing to Nebraska, he brought his family to 
 Denver early the following year. A part of 
 
 1860, he spent on Cherry creek, where he 
 had an interest in a saw mill, and in October, 
 removed to Pueblo county. One of his early 
 and most trying misfortunes, in the pioneer 
 days, was the theft of his team, wagon, and 
 other property, by a friend Avhom he had im- 
 plicitly trusted. Left penniless, he worked 
 for wages on a farm for a time to get a start. 
 In 1861-1862, he engaged in ranching, and in 
 1863, settled twelve miles east of Pueblo, on 
 a farm of his own. Mr. Chilcott was a mem- 
 ber from Pueblo, of the lower house of the 
 Colorado Territorial legislature, in 1861 and 
 1862, the same being the first and second 
 sessions of that body. In 1863, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln, register of the 
 United States land office for the district of 
 Colorado, the office first being located in 
 Golden, and later in Denver. After holding 
 this position four years, he was elected a 
 member of congress in 1866, under the state 
 organization, but owing to the veto messages 
 of President Johnson, Colorado was not ad- 
 mitted as a state, and Mr. Chilcott was de- 
 nied a seat in congress. In 1867, he was 
 elected to congress as a territorial delegate, 
 and served one term, exerting a wide influ- 
 ence in behalf of the good of this region. 
 Through his influence, the postal law, which 
 was excessive on printed matter from the 
 east, was repealed, and he also secured an 
 appropriation for the payment of the militia 
 that had served in recent Indian campaigns. 
 
 He was successful in defeating the attempt 
 of the secretary of the treasury, who endeav- 
 ored to weaken or abolish the Denver mint, 
 and obtained an appropriation therefor, de- 
 spite the heavy opposition against him. 
 Through his skillful management, land offices 
 were established in the mining camps, and 
 an appropriation made for the survey of 
 Colorado by Professor F. V. Hayden, whose 
 published reports on the Rocky Mountain re- 
 gion are of great historical and scientific 
 value. He was especially active in promoting 
 the passage of bills that assisted in the com- 
 pletion of the Denver Pacific and Kansas 
 Pacific railroads. Much needed surveys were 
 also possible through his influence in obtain- 
 ing appropriations for that purpose. From 
 3872 until 1876, he was a member of the ter- 
 ritorial council (senate) and was president 
 of that body during his first term. Mr. Chil- 
 cott was a member of the lower house from 
 Pueblo, in 1878, and during the session of 
 1878-1879, he was a prominent candidate for 
 United States Senator, at the time of the 
 election of N. P. Hill. In 1882, when Sen- 
 ator Henry M. Teller resigned from the 
 senate to become secretary of the interior 
 in President Arthur's cabinet, Governor Pit- 
 kin appointed Mr. Chilcott to fill the va- 
 cancy, until the meeting of the legislature 
 in 1883. When that body was convened, 
 Lieutenant Governor Horace A. W. Tabor 
 was elected to fill the remainder of the un- 
 expired term of Senator Teller, and Judge 
 Thomas M. Bowen was then elected for the 
 full term of six years to succeed Senator 
 Tabor. 
 
 In 1884, Senator Chilcott was elected state 
 senator from Pueblo county for a term of 
 four years, serving in the sessions of 1885 
 and 1887. During his long and honorable 
 public service in Colorado, he was a staunch 
 republican. He was one of the eminent men 
 of Colorado 's early history. He accumulated 
 considerable property, and was also inter- 
 ested in Pueblo real estate. He erected the 
 old Fifth Avenue hotel, the first good hotel 
 in Pueblo, also built the Chilcott block, and 
 made other investments. It was through his 
 influence, that the state insane asylum was 
 established in that city. 
 
 During the last few years of his life he 
 was much crippled by rheumatism, and it 
 was while visiting St. Louis for the treat- 
 ment of this ailment that he passed away. 
 
 Senator Chilcott married, March 21, 1850, 
 Miss Jennie Cox, and to them were born 
 three sons and one daughter. 
 
 103 
 
HORACE AUSTIN WARNER TABOR 
 
 HORACE AUSTIN WARNER TABOR. 
 
 ''TABOR, HORACE AUSTIN WARNER, Colorado, April 10, 1899, was the son of Cor- 
 
 United States senator from Colorado nelius D. and Sarah (Terrin) Tabor, and was 
 
 (February 1, 1883, until March 3, 1883 ; lieu- descended from prominent colonial ances- 
 
 tenant governor, Colorado, 1879-1883) min- try. He came from a family of soldiers. Af- 
 
 ing, born at Holland, Orleans county, Ver- ter receiving a common school education, he 
 
 mont, November 26, 1830, died in Denver, learned the stone cutter's trade, which he 
 
 104 
 
followed until twenty-five years of age, a 
 part of the time residing in Massachusetts. 
 Removing to Kansas in 3855, he engaged in 
 farming, and became a prominent leader in 
 the free soil party, and was active in politics 
 during the border ruffian troubles. He was 
 elected a member of the lower house of the 
 Kansas legislature in 1856, which was dis- 
 persed by Colonel Sumner, under direction 
 of President Pierce. Remaining in Kansas 
 until 1859, he crossed the plains to Colorado 
 in that year, attracted by the rich discover- 
 ies of gold that had been made in this re- 
 gion. He earned his first wages as a gold 
 miner in the vicinity of the present site of 
 Idaho Springs, and spent the winter of 1859- 
 1860 in Auraria (now AVest Denver). In the 
 spring of 1860, he went to Independence 
 Gulch, and after unsatisfactory results in 
 prospecting at the mouth of Cache creek, he 
 followed the rush to California gulch, where 
 rich gold placers had been discovered in the 
 vicinity of what about twenty years later, 
 became the great carbonate silver mining 
 camp of Leadville. Here he remained, en- 
 gaged in mining and merchandizing, the first 
 year making from $5,000 to $8,000, and the 
 second, about $15,000. His first mining in 
 California Gulch was near the Discovery. In 
 1865, he removed to Buckskin Joe, a booming 
 mining camp in Park county, where he 
 opened a miner's supply store, and also 
 served as postmaster. Returning to Califor- 
 nia Gulch in 1868, he opened a little later a 
 store in Oro City and was also postmaster, 
 but removed to New Oro, when the old town, 
 which had at one time boasted of a popula- 
 tion of about eight thousand, became almost 
 deserted. In the fall of 1877, he returned to 
 what is now Leadville, continuing in busi- 
 ness as a merchant ; and also engaged in min- 
 ing. Through a grubstake to August Rische 
 and George T. Hook, the Little Pittsburgh 
 was discovered at Leadville, in May, and 
 during the first half of July, the mine was 
 yielding eight thousand dollars a week. This 
 property was combined with others, and Ta- 
 bor sold his interest for one million dollars. 
 He then made other investments, purchasing 
 eight hundred and ninety shares, being near- 
 ly half the share of the First National Bank, 
 Denver. He bought the Matchless mine in 
 Leadville, and other valuable properties in 
 that camp, extending his operations into the 
 San Juan and other parts of the state, and 
 also into Arizona, New Mexico, and old Mex- 
 ico. He also made large mining investments 
 with Marshall Field of Chicago. For a time, 
 the Matchless yielded him two thousand dol- 
 lars a day, which with other incomes, made 
 
 him one of the leading millionaires of the 
 west. He was public spirited in his invest- 
 ments. The Tabor opera house at Leadville 
 was erected by him at a cost of seventy- 
 eighty thousand dollars. He was one of the 
 chief promotors of the water works system 
 for Leadville, and was one of the incorpora- 
 tors of the Leadville Gas Company, and was 
 liberal in his gifts to the fire department, the 
 Tabor hose company being named in his hon- 
 or. He was mayor of Leadville in 1878-79, 
 and lieutenant governor of Colorado, 1879- 
 1883. Later, making his residence in Den- 
 ver, he made heavy real estate investments 
 in the latter city, being the first to erect 
 the more costly buildings. At the corner of 
 Sixteenth and Larimer streets, on the site 
 of the old Broadwell house, he erected the 
 handsome Tabor block. On the corner of 
 Sixteenth and Curtis streets, Denver, he built 
 the costly Tabor opera house, which at the 
 time, was one of the handsomest in the en- 
 tire country. He owned other valuable real 
 estate investments in Denver, including the 
 old family residence of Henry C. Brown, and 
 La Veta place and on the site of the latter 
 now stands the Denver public librae. At 
 one time he owned the corner of Sixteenth 
 and Arapahoe, where was later erected the 
 present postoffice. 
 
 When Senator Henry M. Teller became a 
 member of President Arthur's cabinet in 
 1882, Senator George M. Chilcott was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Pitkin to fill the vacan- 
 cy, but when the legislature was convened, 
 Tabor was elected to fill the remainder of 
 the term from February 1, 1883, to March 
 3, 1883. 
 
 Senator Tabor also made heavy invest- 
 ments in Honduras, obtaining a great of e,v- 
 ery alternate section of land for four hun- 
 dred miles on the Patook river, which includ- 
 ed extensive groves of mahogany and other 
 valuable woods, plantations of tropical fruits 
 and tracts with deposits of gold, silver and 
 coal, and also one hundred and fifty square 
 miles of mineral lands in the interior of Hon- 
 duras. He also was interested in vast tracts 
 of land in southern Colorado and in Texas. 
 At one time, Senator Tabor was estimated to 
 be worth ten million dollars. Some unfor- 
 tunate investments, together with the panic 
 of 1893, swept away his fortune. Senator 
 Tabor married twice. In 1898, he was ap- 
 pointed postmaster at Denver, and was hope- 
 ful of retrieving his lost fortune, but passed 
 away, April 10, 1899, before he could pull to- 
 gether his many and scattered interests, and 
 died a poor man. 
 
 105 
 
THOMAS M. BOWEN 
 
 -106 
 
THOMAS M. BOWEN. 
 
 T> OWEN, THOMAS M., United States Sen- 
 *-* ator from Colorado (1883-1889) Brevet 
 Brigadier General, United States Volunteers 
 in the Civil War; Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Arkansas, 1867-1871 ; Governor of 
 Idaho Territory, 1871), was born near the 
 present site of Burlington, Iowa, October 26, 
 1835, and died in 1906. He was educated in 
 the public schools, and received his academic 
 education at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. At the 
 age of eighteen, he was admitted to the bar. 
 Removing to Wayne county, that state, he 
 was elected to the lower branch of the legis- 
 lature in 1856. In 1858, he located in Kansas. 
 On the outbreak of the civil war, he be- 
 came captain of a company in the First Ne- 
 braska Volunteers. He recruited and be- 
 came colonel of the Thirteenth Kansas Vol- 
 unteer Infantry. The rank of brevet brig- 
 adier general was conferred upon him, and 
 during the last two years of the war he 
 commanded a brigade, first in the army of 
 the frontier, and then in the Seventh Army 
 Corps. His army service extended from 
 June, 1861, to July, 1865, in which he made 
 a brave and gallant record. In 1864, he was 
 a delegate from Kansas to the national re- 
 publican convention. After the war, he 
 located in Arkansas, and was a member and 
 president of the constitutional conventions of 
 1866 and 1868 in that state, under the recon- 
 struction acts of Congress. He was one of 
 the justices of the Supreme Court of Arkan- 
 sas from 1867 to 1871. In the latter year, 
 he was appointed governor of the Territory 
 of Idaho, but soon resigned and returned to 
 Arkansas. He entered the contest for elec- 
 
 tion to the United States Senate, but was 
 defeated by Senator S. W. Dorsey. 
 
 In 1875, Judge Bowen removed to Colo- 
 rado, locating at Del Norte, and for four 
 years was on the district bench. He then 
 engaged in mining in the Summit district, 
 developing rich and valuable gold properties. 
 At the time of Senator Henry M. Teller's 
 resignation, when he entered the cabinet as 
 secretary of the interior, Judge Bowen was 
 a leading candidate for the appointment to 
 fill the vacancy. After the selection of Sen- 
 ator Chilcott by Governor Pitkin, Judge 
 Bowen became a candidate for the long term, 
 being disappointed in not receiving the ap- 
 pointment. In the fall of 1882, he was 
 elected a member of the house of the Colo- 
 rado legislature, and was a member of that 
 body when the senatorial fight was on. It 
 was a long and spirited contest, finally re- 
 sulting in the election of Judge Bowen to 
 serve the full term of six years from 1883 
 until 1889, to succeed Senator Horace A. W. 
 Tabor, who had been elected to fill the un- 
 expired term of Senator Teller. 
 
 Senator Bowen, on retiring from the 
 senate, engaged in mining, and looking after 
 his business interests, and during the later 
 years of his life he and his family made their 
 residence in Pueblo. He was for many years 
 an historical figure in the west, having been 
 prominent in the political history of Iowa, 
 Kansas, Arkansas, Idaho, and Colorado, to- 
 gether with his military record of four years 
 in the army during the civil war. He was 
 a republican during his entire political 
 career. 
 
 107 
 
EDWARD OLIVER WOLCOTT 
 
 108 
 
EDWARD OLIVER WOLCOTT. 
 
 TT70LCOTT, EDWARD OLIVER, United 
 *^ States Senator, born, Longmeadow, 
 Massachusetts, March 26, 1848, died at the 
 Riviera, March 1, 1905, was the son of Sam- 
 uel (D. D.) and Harriet Amanda (Pope) 
 Wolcott, who were married in 1843. He is 
 descended from Henry Wolcott. the original 
 settler, from Tolland in Somersetshire, where 
 the family had lived for generations, who 
 sailed from Plymouth, England, March 20, 
 1630, and was one of the company that set- 
 tled at Dorchester, Massachusetts, but in 
 1636, removed to Connecticut The Wolcott 
 family, distinguished in American history 
 from the Colonial days to the present, num- 
 bers among its members one signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence, a member of 
 Washington's cabinet, three governors of 
 Connecticut, a governor of Massachusetts, 
 contemporaneous witli Edward 0. AVolcott, 
 the only one of that name, who occupied a 
 seat in the United States Senate; and to this 
 list may well be added Henry Roger Wolcott 
 (brother of the Senator) who as president 
 pro tern, of the state senate, has served as 
 acting governor of Colorado ; and Miss Anna 
 Louise Wolcott (his sister), who in the Colo- 
 rado campaign of 1910, was elected regent 
 of the State University. 
 
 While through intermarriage, Senator 
 Wolcott traced his lineage to two of the 
 sons and one of the daughters of the founder 
 of the American family, the direct male line 
 was through Simon, son of Henry Wolcott, 
 as was that of the three Wolcotts who were 
 governors of Connecticut and also the later 
 Governor Roger Wolcott of Massachusetts. 
 The shield of the AVolcott coat-of-arms in- 
 cludes three chess-rooks, the use of which 
 was authorized by Henry V. to one of his 
 ancestors, who checkmated the king in a 
 game of chess. 
 
 The Senntor's ancestor, Samuel AVolcott, 
 served in the Revolution. He was the father 
 of Elihu Wolcott (the Senator's grand- 
 father). The Reverend Samuel AVolcott, the 
 father, was born in South AVinsdor, July 2, 
 1813, and died at Longmeadow in February, 
 1886. A graduate of Yale in 1833, and of 
 Andover Theological Seminary in 1837, he 
 served as missionary in Syria, and returning 
 to the United States, filled prominent Con- 
 gregational pastorates, wrote many hymns, 
 including the general favorite: ''Christ for 
 the AVorld We Sing." 
 
 Edward 0. AA r olcott, the son, in 1864, 
 when but sixteen, enlisted in the One Hun- 
 dred and Fiftieth Ohio A r olunteers, as a pri- 
 vate, and served in the defenses of AA T ash- 
 ington. He entered Yale in 1866, did not 
 graduate, but was graduated from the Har- 
 vard law school in 1871, and about Septem- 
 ber 20, that year, came to Black Hawk, 
 Colorado, where he taught school for eight 
 weeks, and then entered upon the practice 
 of the law, going to Georgetown, Christmas 
 week, 1871, where he resided until he 
 removed to Denver in 1879. He occasion- 
 ally also engaged in writing newspaper 
 articles. He was elected district attorney 
 in 1876, and state senator in 1878 ; 
 United States senator, succeeding Thomas 
 M. Bowen, March 4, 1889 ; re-elected United 
 States senator in January, 1895, to succeed 
 himself, thus serving twelve years in that 
 body. Republican defeat, brought about by 
 party defection, revolt by the silver-repub- 
 licans, and other political complications in 
 the west, prevented his election to the senate 
 for a third term. It was a battle royal, and 
 nerved by the great odds against him, AVol- 
 cott was never .more magnificent in his ora- 
 tory than in that campaign, when bearing 
 aloft the banner of his party and leading 
 almost a forlorn hope, he and what is com- 
 monly known as the "Old Republican 
 Guard" went to their defeat. 
 
 Although the Senator achieved a national 
 reputation, which he well sustained as a 
 great orator, he was a modest and diffident 
 speaker in his earlier career in Colorado. 
 His term as state senator further developed 
 his forensic powers. Becoming attorney and 
 counselor for the Denver and Rio Grande 
 Railroad and other large corporations, and 
 being retained in remunerative mining litiga- 
 tion, there came wealth and a broader field 
 of work. The fluent speaker became the 
 brilliant orator, and, when he entered the 
 senate, he was fully equipped for that lead- 
 ership which became his own. In 1901, 
 President McKinley appointed him a dele- 
 gate to negotiate for international bi-metal- 
 lism. 
 
 He was a AVolcott of the AVolcotts, and 
 the family motto from Horace, typified the 
 story of his life : 
 
 "Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri." 
 "Accustomed to swear by the words of no 
 master." 
 
 109 
 
THOMAS MACDONALD PATTERSON. 
 
 PATTERSON, THOMAS MACDONALD, 
 United States Senator (1901-1907), law- 
 yer and journalist, born November 4, 1839, in 
 County Carlow, Ireland, was the son of James 
 and Margaret (Mount joy) Patterson. His 
 family was prominent in the North of Ire- 
 land, where his grandfather, James Patter- 
 son, a man of affairs, and a large stock 
 dealer, reared a family of five children. One 
 
 was killed at the battle of Trafalgar. The 
 family, consisting of his father, mother, sis- 
 ter Kate, brother James, and the Senator, 
 came to the United States in 1849. 
 
 Senator Patterson attended the public 
 schools at Astoria, Long Island, until four- 
 teen years of age, when he became a clerk 
 in the department store of Blackwell & Cur- 
 tis of Astoria. His father removed to Craw- 
 
 THOMAS MACDONALD PATTERSON 
 
 of his sons, James, a merchant and jeweler, 
 first at Cavan, Ireland, and later in Liver- 
 pool, married Margaret, daughter of Alex- 
 ander and Margaret Mountjoy, and through 
 the maternal line, the subject of this sketch 
 is of French-Huguenot extraction. Senator 
 Patterson's middle name, MacDonald, is for 
 that of a nephew of his grandmother, who 
 was a midshipman in the English navy, and 
 
 fordsville, Indiana, in 1853, where young 
 Patterson learned the printer's trade, work- 
 ing for three years on the Crawfordsville 
 "Review." From 1857 until 1861, he as- 
 sisted his father in the jewelry business, but 
 in the latter year, he enlisted with his 
 brother James, who was killed in the battle 
 of Winchester, in the Eleventh Indiana In- 
 fantry. In 1862-1863, he was a student at 
 
 no 
 
Asbury (now Du Pauw University), and in 
 1863 entered Wabash College, taking the 
 junior year. The degree of A. M. was after- 
 ward conferred on him by Du Pauw Uni- 
 versity. On leaving "Wabash College, he be- 
 gan the study of law with M. D. White at 
 Crawfordsville, and after his admission to 
 the bar, in 1867, becoming a partner of 
 Judge J. R. Cowan, with whom he continued 
 the practice until he removed to Denver, in 
 December, 1872. He had already become 
 prominent as a lawyer in Indiana, and at 
 once entered upon a successful and lucra- 
 tive practice of the law in this city, in which 
 he became associated with Charles S. Thomas. 
 In 1873, he was elected city attorney, and 
 was re-elected in 1874, and became one of 
 the leaders of the democratic party, and 
 prominent in its councils. Senator Patter- 
 son is a born leader, and early in his career 
 developed a genius for the control of men 
 and events. He is an orator, and although 
 gifted as a public speaker, yet hardly more 
 brilliant as such, than as a writer. Fearless 
 in the advocacy of what he believes to be 
 right, after having reached a determination 
 as to what course of action he should follow, 
 he became eminent not only as a party leader, 
 and lawyer, but an historic figure, first in 
 this state and the west, and then exerted 
 an influence national in its scope and magni- 
 tude. In 1874, he was elected territorial 
 delegate to congress, the first democrat 
 chosen to that position in Colorado, although 
 he had been a resident hardly more than 
 two years. He labored energetically with 
 both democrats and republicans, and it was 
 largely through his efforts that Colorado was 
 a little later admitted as a state. Senator 
 Patterson was nominated for. both the short 
 term of the forty-fourth and the full term of 
 the forty-fifth congresses, in both of which 
 he served, retiring in 1878 when he resumed 
 the practice of the law. The impetus given 
 the mining industry by the discoveries at 
 Leadville, Aspen, and other mining towns, 
 was productive of extensive litigation, in 
 which he was prominent in leading suits, 
 and thereby built up a lucrative practice. In 
 1888, lie was defeated for governor. Senator 
 Patterson was a delegate to the national 
 democratic conventions of 1876, 1880, 1888, 
 and 1892, and member of the national demo- 
 cratic committee, 1874-1880. He was a mem- 
 ber of the committee on resolutions in the 
 national democratic convention of 1892, and 
 brought in a minority report in which no 
 other joined, favoring a declaration for the 
 free coinage of silver. It was voted down 
 by a large majority, but was adopted by the 
 
 convention of 1896. He was a delegate to 
 the national populist conventions of 1896 
 and 1900 (permanent chairman). In 1892, 
 he repudiated the nomination of Mr. Cleve- 
 land, and was instrumental in carrying Colo- 
 rado for Mr. Weaver. He was elected presi- 
 dential elector in 1896, and 1900. In 1890, 
 Senator Patterson became the proprietor of 
 the Rocky Mountain News, and later of the 
 Denver Times, the News representing the 
 morning and the Times the evening editions 
 of these publications. Later, he disposed of 
 his interest in the Times, but is still the 
 owner and editor of the News. His editorial 
 work represents his versatility and ability 
 as a writer, that is only equalled by his 
 genius as an orator, in the advocacy of the 
 rights of the masses against corporate greed 
 and aggrandizement. His speeches in the 
 national conventions of the democratic and 
 populist parties, and during his campaign 
 tours through many states, when advocating 
 the election of Mr. Bryan, were brilliant 
 philippics in behalf of the people against the 
 enslavement of the money power. 
 
 In 1901, he received the united support of 
 the democrats, populists, and silver repub- 
 licans for United States Senator, all the votes 
 of the legislature, except nine, being cast 
 for him. During his term of six years in 
 that body at Washington, he rendered Colo- 
 rado most valuable services, and made a 
 record of battles faithfully and earnestly 
 fought in behalf of the people, and was 
 always known as the champion of their 
 rights and liberties. It is but natural, that 
 a man of Senator Patterson's decided views 
 and opinions on all public questions, and 
 his strenuous manner of advocating and 
 maintaining them, should invite hostile, and 
 not always gentle criticism, but nothing 
 swerves him from his duty as he sees and 
 understands it. 
 
 Senator Patterson married at Watertown, 
 New York, in 1863, Miss Catharine A. C., 
 daughter of Dr. Samuel H. Grafton, a grand- 
 niece of Alexander Campbell, the founder of 
 the Christian Church. Mrs. Patterson passed 
 away, July 16, 1902, and is remembered for 
 her many charitable acts, kind deeds, and 
 high social standing, and work in the 
 church. The loss of a beloved wife, son, and 
 daughter, cast a gloom over the threshold, 
 amid the successes that crowned his bril- 
 liant career. A surviving daughter is the 
 wife of R. C. Campbell, formerly of Wheel- 
 ing, West Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Camp- 
 bell have the following children: Thomas 
 Patterson Campbell, Richard C. Campbell, 
 Jr., and Katharine Grafton Campbell. 
 
 in 
 
SIMON GUGGENHEIM 
 
 112- 
 
SIMON GUGGENHEIM. 
 
 UGGENHEIM, SIMON, United States 
 Senator, born December 30, 1867, in 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He received his 
 education in the public schools of that city ; 
 after the completion of his school term he 
 spent about two years traveling in Europe, 
 in order to make a study of foreign lan- 
 guages. 
 
 Simon Guggenheim is one of seven sons 
 of Meyer Guggenheim, who came to America 
 from Switzerland in 1848. In 1888 the Phil- 
 adelphia Smelting and Refining Company 
 was organized at Pueblo, Colorado, and the 
 subject of this sketch having been trained 
 along practical business lines, co-operated 
 with his brothers in the management of that 
 company, for which purpose he located at 
 Pueblo in the year mentioned, at the age of 
 twenty-one. Since that time Simon Guggen- 
 heim has made Colorado his permanent place 
 of residence, moving to Denver from Pueblo 
 in 1892, where he has ever since resided. 
 
 The silver republican party of Colorado 
 nominated Simon Guggenheim for lieutenant 
 governor in 1896, but he was under the age 
 required by the state constitution for the oc- 
 cupant of that office, and he withdrew from 
 the ticket, which was elected. In 1898 he 
 was nominated by the same party for the 
 position of governor, and was indorsed by 
 the convention of the peoples party, but he 
 declined the nomination. In 1904, however, 
 the republican party bestowed' upon Mr. 
 Guggenheim the high honor of presidential 
 elector, and he was one of the five who cast 
 the vote of the State of Colorado for Theo- 
 dore Roosevelt. In 1907 he was elected to 
 the United States senate as a republican to 
 
 succeed Thomas M. Patterson, democrat, for 
 the full term of six years, and took his seat 
 March 4, 1907. At the time of his election 
 to this office Mr. Guggenheim resigned all the 
 positions he held with the various companies 
 with which he was identified, and disasso- 
 ciated himself entirely from business, with 
 the expressed intention of devoting his en- 
 tire time to the duties of his office as United 
 States senator, which intention he has sys- 
 tematiclly carried out. 
 
 Due to his thorough familiarity with the 
 needs of the west, Senator Guggenheim has 
 been able to accomplish much good for the 
 state of Colorado, and by his untiring efforts 
 and indefatigable energy has been instru- 
 mental in securing the passage of consider- 
 able beneficial legislation for that state. At 
 this time Senator Guggenheim is a member 
 of the following committees in the United 
 States senate: Philippines (chairman), ag- 
 riculture and forestry, census, conservation 
 of national resources, military affairs, mines 
 and mining, postoffices and post roads, public 
 lands. His term of office will expire March 
 3, 1913. 
 
 Mr. Guggenheim's interest in the develop- 
 ment of Colorado, and his many philan- 
 thropic acts, have made him a host of friends 
 and rendered him very popular in his adopt- 
 ed state. Among the many and most notable 
 of his gifts to the state may be mentioned 
 the Simon Guggenheim buildings at the State 
 School of Mines, Golden ; University of Colo- 
 rado, Boulder; State Agricultural College, 
 Fort Collins; State Normal School, Greeley. 
 
 Simon Guggenheim was married Novem- 
 ber 24, 1898, to Miss Olga Hirsh, and they 
 have two sons. 
 
 113 
 
CHARLES JAMES HUGHES, JR. 
 
 f-TUGHES, CHARLES JAMES JR., United 
 1 A States Senator, born February 16, 1853, 
 in Kingston, Caldwell county, Missouri, died 
 January 11, 1911, in Denver, Colorado, 
 was the son of Charles James (lawyer) 
 and Serena C. (Pollard) Hughes. His an- 
 cestors were Kentuckians and Virginians. 
 He received the degree of A. B. from Rich- 
 
 regular practice of the law at Richmond, 
 Missouri, removhij* to Denver in February. 
 1879, which became his permanent residence 
 He formed a partnership with General Bela 
 M. Hughes, a relative, and they continued 
 in the practice of the law until General 
 Hughes retired. 
 
 Although engaged in the general prac- 
 
 CHARLES JAMES HUGHES, JR 
 
 mond (Missouri) college in 1871, and during 
 1872-73, was a law student at the University 
 of Missouri, which later honored him with 
 the degree of L.L. D., which was also con- 
 ferred upon him by the University of Den- 
 ver. He taught school for a time, and then 
 was appointed professor of mathematics, a 
 position which he held until 1877, in Rich- 
 mond college. He then entered upon the 
 
 tice, Mr. Hughes made a specialty of mining 
 and corporation law. He rose rapidly in his 
 profession, and soon became identified with 
 some of the most difficult and extensive liti- 
 gation known in the west. He was most 
 thorough in the preparation of all his cases. 
 He was always the student, and sought the 
 essence of things, delving into the principles 
 that underlay the great points that were in- 
 
 114 
 
volved. He had no superior as a mining law- 
 yer, and is generally conceded to have been 
 the greatest in this line of litigation. Mr. 
 Hughes was an attorney in the celebrated 
 Durant, Emma, and Aspen mining suits. At 
 this time was raised the paramount issue in 
 mining law, over the apex and side-line 
 questions. Mr. Hughes finding that many of 
 the points then coming up for adjudication 
 had not been settled by any prior litigation, 
 and that no precedents had been established 
 for the guidance of courts and attorneys, be- 
 gan an exhaustive research into mining laws 
 and mining history. He espoused the apex 
 theory, which held that the mine owner had 
 the right to follow the mineral vein wher- 
 ever it dipped, even if beyond the side lines, 
 as surveyed on the surface. In his argu- 
 ments on the points raised in these great 
 cases, the mass of facts and data he had col- 
 lected and arranged were presented with 
 such mastery of logic and eloquence, both in 
 the Colorado courts and in the supreme 
 court of the United States, that the latter 
 court, in rendering its decisions, followed in 
 the main the outline he had set forth. Mr. 
 Hughes was employed in the Smuggler-Molly 
 Gibson litigation, and was the attorney for 
 the Ibex Mining Company (Little Johnny) 
 in its suits, and others involving the title 
 to many of the most valuable mining proper- 
 ties in the west. The rewards for his ser- 
 vices in these big mining suits were large, 
 and thus Mr. Hughes laid the foundation for 
 the fortune that he accumulated. He became 
 the general counsel for the First National 
 Bank, the Denver Tramway Company, the 
 Denver Union Water Company, the Denver, 
 Northwestern and Pacific Railway Company, 
 and through these and others, represented 
 the interests of millions of dollars of in- 
 vested capital. 
 
 He was a democrat, and always loyally 
 championed the interests of his party. In 
 1888, he was defeated for presidential elec- 
 tor in Colorado, but was elected as such in 
 1900, but was defeated for that position 
 again in 1904. He always took a deep inter- 
 est in the conventions of his party, and was 
 prominent in its councils. Mr. Hughes was 
 a delegate to the national democratic con- 
 ventions of 1904 and 1908. Twice he refused 
 the nomination of his party for governor of 
 Colorado, but was always a willing and elo- 
 quent speaker for the democratic party in 
 their state and national campaigns. 
 
 From 1889 until his death he was a mem- 
 ber of the state board of capitol managers, 
 which erected the handsome and costly capi- 
 tol building. Since 1892, he was also pro- 
 
 fessor of mining law in the law department 
 of the University of Denver. During 1903- 
 1906, he delivered lectures on mining and ir- 
 rigation law before the Harvard Law School. 
 His lecture on the evolution of mining laws 
 was one of the most profound, and by some 
 considered the ablest, of this series of ad- 
 dresses. 
 
 Mr. Hughes was the unanimous choice of 
 the democratic state convention that assem- 
 bled in Pueblo in September, 1908, for the 
 position of United States senator to succeed 
 the Honorable Henry M. Teller. On Janu- 
 ary 20, 1909, he was elected Unitd States 
 senator for the full term of six years. Sen- 
 ator Hughes then withdrew from his law 
 practice during that period, thus losing re- 
 tainer fees in the sum of nine hundred thou- 
 sand dollars, that he might give his full time 
 and attention to the interests of the people 
 of Colorado. He soon became established as 
 a strong debater in that august body, and 
 was recognized as one of the ablest and read- 
 iest speakers in the senate. His speech in the 
 senate on conservation is regarded by some 
 as the most powerful that he delivered in 
 that body. But few senators were present, yet 
 as he progressed and began to marshal facts 
 and data as to the injury done the western 
 states and then, in his masterly method, dis- 
 cussed the basic principles, the members soon 
 returned to their seats. Before he had com- 
 pleted his speech of four hours, the senate 
 floor was crowded, many members of the 
 house honoring him by their presence. His 
 speeches on the interstate commerce bill, the 
 tariff, income tax, excise tax and other im- 
 portant measures, were masterly, eloquent 
 and patriotic. His untimely death was a 
 loss that Colorado deeply mourned, for 
 Charles J. Hughes Jr. was one of her ablest 
 and noblest sons. 
 
 Senator Hughes was a member of the 
 American Bar Association, the American In- 
 stitute of Mining Engineers, the State His- 
 torical and Natural History Society of Colo- 
 rado, and the Colorado Southern Society 
 (president) ; also the following clubs : Den- 
 ver, University, Denver Country, Denver 
 Athletic, Democratic (Denver), El Paso 
 ropolitan and Columbia Golf and Chevy 
 Chase (Washington). 
 
 Senator Hughes married, September 1, 
 1874, at Richmond, Missouri, Miss Lucy S. 
 Menefee, daughter of Lafayette S. Menefee, 
 of a prominent southern family. To them 
 were born the following children, now liv- 
 ing: Gerald, Berrien and Lafayette Hughes, 
 and a daughter, Mrs. AV. W. Woodruff, Jr. 
 
 115 
 
JOSEPH CHURCH HELM 
 
 116 
 
JOSEPH CHURCH HELM. 
 
 TLIELM, JOSEPH CHURCH, jurist, born 
 * June 30, 1848, in Chicago, was the 
 son of Ruggles and Sarah (Bass) Helm. His 
 grandfather was Woodhull, son of Henry 
 Helme, the first American ancestor, who set- 
 tled in Rhode Island. Through the maternal 
 line, he is descended from the Ruggles family. 
 Judge Helm's ancestors on both sides assisted 
 in the war for independence in the days of the 
 Revolution. 
 
 He spent his boyhood in Canada and 
 Iowa, and at the age of 13 enrolled in the 
 civil war for four years, his earlier services 
 being that of a drummer boy. In 1861, he 
 enlisted in the 13th U. S. Infantry, and served 
 through the war in that regiment and the 
 6th Infantry, First Army Corps; also known 
 as Hancock's Corps, General Hancock being its 
 commander; Armies of the Tennessee and the 
 Potomac. He participated in some of the 
 hardest fought battles of the war, including 
 Chichasaw Bayou, Champion Hills, Jackson, 
 Vicksburg, Colliersville, and others. He was 
 also a prisoner on Belle Isle. 
 
 After the war, he entered the Univer- 
 sity of Iowa and was in charge of the 
 public schools of Van Buren and Little 
 Rock, Ark. in 1870-3. Returning to the 
 law department of the University of Iowa, 
 he was there graduated with the degree 
 of LL. B. in 1874; honorary LL. D. 1890. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1875, and began 
 the practice of law in Colorado Springs, 
 where he became associated with Judge E. 
 A. Colburn. He was a member of the House, 
 1877, and the Senate, 1879, of the General 
 Assembly of Colorado, from El Paso county. 
 In 1880 Judge Helm was elected to the Dis- 
 trict bench, and two years later, a member of 
 the Colorado Supreme Court, to which he was 
 
 re-elected in 1891, and 'was chief Justice, 
 1889-1892. 
 
 Judge Helm resigned from the Supreme 
 Court in 1892, and ran for governor on the 
 republican ticket. It was just at this time 
 that the Populist movement was in the as- 
 cendency, and Judge Helm, who had always 
 carried the state on the republican ticket in 
 normal political conditions, was defeated for 
 governor by Davis H. Waite. Returning 
 to the practice of the law, he continued in 
 the same, except when temporarily appointed 
 to fill a vacancy on the Supreme Bench, 
 1907-9. 
 
 Judge Helm has been tendered the posi- 
 tion of Commissioner of the U. S. General 
 Land Office and U. S. Assistant Attorney 
 General, but declined the same; he has also 
 been highly endorsed for other important 
 federal appointments, among them Secretary 
 of the Interior and on the U. S. Circuit 
 Bench; but Colorado has been so much 
 out of touch with the national adminis- 
 tration in political affairs that it has been 
 difficult for any of her favored sons, to re- 
 ceive the consideration that otherwise would 
 have been accorded them. 
 
 Judge Helm has made the record of a gal- 
 lant soldier, and an able jurist, and in re- 
 suming the practice of the law, has become 
 attorney and counselor in some of the most 
 important litigation and for some of the most 
 important corporations in the state and the 
 west. 
 
 In Sept., 1881, he married Miss Marcia, 
 daughter of George H. Stewart, of Colorado 
 Springs, descended from a distinguished 
 family. Judge Helm is a member of the 
 Denver Club, Denver Athletic Club, A. Lin- 
 coln Post, G. A. R. and is a Master Mason. 
 
 117 
 

 CHARLES DEMSON HAYT 
 
 118 
 
CHARLES DENISON HAYT. 
 
 AYT, CHARLES DENISON, jurist, born 
 in Poughkeepsie, New York, May 20, 
 1850, was the son of Henry Delevan and Jane 
 (Berry) Hayt. He is descended from a colo- 
 nial and patriotic ancestry. His grandfather, 
 Samuel Hayt, married Sarah Delevan, 
 daughter of Timothy Delevan, who married 
 a Miss Close. Timothy Delevan, his great- 
 grandfather, born in North Salem, N. Y., 
 May 27, 1738, died in Patterson, New York, 
 January 19, 1803, was one of the patriots 
 of the American Revolution. He was Ensign, 
 Seventh Regiment, Fredericksburg precinct, 
 elected March 11, 1776; was elected May 28, 
 1778, second lieutenant in the company com- 
 manded by Captain David Waterbury, in 
 the Seventh Duchess County Regiment, New 
 York Militia, Colonel Henry Ludington; was 
 reported as first lieutenant, July, 1779, in 
 same company and regiment. The whole 
 Hayt family was in the war, ten of the eleven 
 brothers being in the revolution, and the 
 other brother was later killed in an Indian 
 war. 
 
 Judge Hayt's father engaged both in 
 freighting on the Hudson River and in farm- 
 ing. The son, Charles D. Hayt, who later 
 became Chief Justice of the Colorado Su- 
 preme Court, was educated in the State 
 Street High School, at Albany, which he 
 attended in 1864, and then became a student 
 in Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in 1867. He studied law in 
 Poughkeepsie. In 1871, he came to Colo- 
 rado, on an investigating trip, and then went 
 east, but returned to Colorado, locating in 
 Walsenburg in 1874. He was elected County 
 Judge of Huerfano county, in October, 1874, 
 and held that office until 1877. Judge Hayt 
 was postmaster at Alamosa, 1878-1881. He 
 was appointed district attorney of the Sixth 
 District, Colorado, 1881, and in the fall of 
 that year was elected to the same office, 
 which he held until January 1, 1883. This 
 district then included twelve counties in the 
 southern part of the state, and during his 
 term he conducted a vigorous and success- 
 ful prosecution of all violators of the law. 
 In November, 1882, he was elected judge of 
 the Sixth Judicial District, Colorado, and 
 entered upon the duties of that office in Jan- 
 
 uary, 1883, which he held until January, 
 1889. The ability that Judge Hayt had shown 
 as county judge of Huerfano county, dis- 
 trict attorney and judge of the Sixth Dis- 
 trict had made his name and splendid record 
 so well known, that he was nominated for 
 the supreme court by the republican state 
 convention, for a term of nine years, and 
 was elected to that office in November, 1888. 
 He was chief justice of Colorado for six 
 years, including the administration of Gov. 
 Waite. Although Bryan had carried the 
 state for the presidency, in 1896, by a major- 
 ity of 135,000, yet the year following Judge 
 Hayt, on the republican ticket, was only de- 
 feated for the Supreme Bench by a majority 
 of 3,500 against him. On January 11, 1898, 
 he retired from the supreme court, and has 
 since been engaged in the practice of the law, 
 and is now the senior member of the legal 
 firm of Hayt, Dawson & Wright. He has 
 not been a candidate for any office since his 
 name was prominently mentioned as the suc- 
 cessor of Judge Hallett, on the retirement 
 of the latter from the United States District 
 Bench in Colorado. 
 
 Judge Hayt is a member of the Denver 
 Club and the Traffic Club, Denver ; the Elks 
 and Masons, and the Sons of the Revolution. 
 
 He married Miss Julia A. Palmer, at La 
 Veta, Colorado, October 3, 1878. She was 
 the daughter of Andrew Jackson Palmer of 
 Georgia, who was in the Mexican War under 
 General Scott from the beginning to the end. 
 Her mother was Ella Petterson Palmer. Mrs. 
 Hayt's great-grandfather, Jesse Palmer, en- 
 listed in the army of the American Revo- 
 lution from the State of North Carolina, and 
 drew a pension during the latter years of 
 his life for the services rendered in aid of 
 the colonies. Mrs. Hayt was well known as 
 a singer and a leader in church and social 
 circles when residing in the southern part 
 of the state, a position she still holds since 
 Judge Hayt has made Denver his permanent 
 home. 
 
 They have two children, Miss Ella 
 Palmer Hayt, prominent in Denver musical 
 circles, and Charles D. Hayt, Jr., who is en- 
 gaged in the practice of the law in Alamosa, 
 this state. 
 
 119 
 
MOSES HALLETT 
 
 120 
 
MOSES HALLETT. 
 
 LJALLETT, MOSES, jurist, born in Galena, 
 1 A Jo Daviess county, Illinois, July 16, 1834, 
 was the son of Moses and Eunice (Crowell) 
 Hallett. Judge Hallett's grandfather, and his 
 ancestors in the paternal line, were sailors, ex- 
 cept his father, who, a native of Massachusetts 
 moved to Missouri in 1820, and engaged in 
 farming. In 1826 he removed to Jo Daviess 
 county, Illinois; he died in 1859. In his pa- 
 ternal line, Judge Hallett was of English de- 
 scent. His mother, a native of Massachusetts 
 died at the old family home in Illinois in 1864. 
 His father, a member of the Illinois state 
 militia, was in the Black Hawk war in 1832. 
 
 Judge Hallett attended the public schools 
 of his native town and received his academic 
 education in Rock River Seminary, and later 
 as a student in Beloit College (Wisconsin). 
 At the age of 21 (1855), he entered the law office 
 of E. S. Williams, Chicago, and early in 1858 
 was admitted to the bar and immediately be- 
 gan the practice of the law in that city. Com- 
 ing to Colorado in 1860, he engaged in mining 
 in Gilpin and Clear Creek counties. Preferring 
 his profession to that of mining, he removed 
 to Denver, and resumed the practice of the 
 law. He formed a partnership with H. P. 
 Bennet, which they continued under the firm 
 name of Bennet & Hallett until Mr. Bennet 
 went to Congress in 1863. Judge Hallett was 
 appointed Chief Justice of the Territory of 
 Colorado, April 10, 1866, pursuant to popular 
 demand and a joint memorial of the legis- 
 lature passed in February, 1866. Colorado 
 wanted one of its own citizens appointed to 
 this position, and so rapidly had he won the 
 confidence and esteem of the people, during 
 a residence of six years, that President John- 
 son, on receiving the memorial that had been 
 signed by the governor, gave him the ap- 
 pointment. Thus Judge Hallett began his 
 long, honorable and distinguished career as a 
 jurist in the territorial period which he con- 
 tinued many years after Colorado had become 
 a state. Although known best as the jurist, 
 yet he rendered valuable services in the early 
 days as a member of the Territorial Council 
 (Senate) in 1863-65. 
 
 In 1870 Judge Hallett was reappointed by 
 President Grant to the Territorial Supreme 
 Court, and again in 1874, serving until Colo- 
 rado became a state. In 1877, President 
 Grant appointed Judge Hallett to the U. S. 
 District Court for Colorado, which position 
 he filled with dignity, distinction and honor 
 until he retired from the bench, May 1, 
 1906. During his term in the U. S. Court, 
 many intricate and new questions, especially 
 relating to mining laws and their interpreta- 
 tion, came up for adjudication. Leadville, 
 
 Aspen, Creede, Cripple Creek, in the charac- 
 ter of their veins and deposits, with new fea- 
 tures of metalliferous mining, presented intri- 
 cate problems for both the bench and the 
 bar, and precedents had to be set along new 
 lines of interpretation, to meet the condi- 
 tions peculiar to the geological formation in 
 these new mining camps. Probably no 
 western jurist has exerted a greater influence 
 in mining jurisprudence than Judge Hallett. 
 During his term on the U. S. District bench, 
 the Denver & Rio Grande, and the Colorado 
 & Southern came directly under his super- 
 vision in the appointment of receivers, and 
 matters were further complicated by labor 
 troubles and strikes that followed in connec- 
 tion therewith. With firmness and tact and 
 judicial acumen, he handled these difficult 
 problems. Out of labor difficulties he brought 
 peace and quiet, and from a chaotic financial 
 condition, the railroads were established on a 
 paying basis. 
 
 Judge Hallett is a member of the Uni- 
 versity Club, and the Masonic fraternity. 
 Since 1892, he has been professor of Ameri- 
 can Constitutional Law and Federal Juris- 
 prudence in the University of Colorado, which 
 institution conferred upon him the degree of 
 LL. D. in 1893. 
 
 Judge Hallett married Feb. 9, 1882, Miss 
 Katherine Felt, daughter of Lucius F. Felt, 
 a merchant of Galena, 111. For many years 
 she was connected with the social and church 
 life and work in this city and state. She was 
 educated in New York City, and was of that 
 splendid type that exalted womanhood in 
 Colorado. Her most active work was per- 
 formed in connection with the Episcopalian 
 Church, of which she was a devoted member, 
 and St. Luke's Hospital, this city. Mrs. 
 Hallett passed away Sept. 19, 1902, and, in 
 honor of her memory, Judge Hallett erected 
 the Katherine Hallett Home for Nurses at 
 St. Luke's Hospital. 
 
 Judge and Mrs. Hallett have one son liv- 
 ing, Lucius, who married June 14th, 1909, 
 Miss Genevieve, a graduate of Wellesley, 
 and daughter of Dr. Oscar J. Pfeiffer of Den- 
 ver. 
 
 During a later period, in addition to at- 
 tending to his large private interests, Judge 
 Hallett has been for several years executor 
 and trustee of the estate of George W. Clay- 
 ton, who left a large fortune for the establish- 
 ment of the George W. Clayton College for 
 orphan boys. After carefully and success- 
 fully handling this large property, Judge Hal- 
 lett has turned it over to the city to carry 
 out the wishes of the donor, and the build- 
 ings are now nearly completed. 
 
 121 
 
JOSEPH ADDISON THATCHER 
 
 122 
 
JOSEPH ADDISON THATCHER. 
 
 TTHATCHEB, JOSEPH ADDISON, banker 
 * and capitalist, was born at Shelbyville, 
 Kentucky, July 31, 1838. His grandfather, 
 John P. Thatcher, came to this country from 
 England in the early part of the eighteenth 
 century, settling in Virginia. His father was 
 John Pemberton Thatcher, born in 1789 and 
 died in 1853. His mother was the daughter 
 of "W. H. and Patsy Hickman, an old Cava- 
 lier family, prominent in Colonial days of 
 the Old Dominion state. 
 
 Early in the nineteenth century, John 
 Pemberton Thatcher, then a young man, 
 crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains and, like 
 hundreds of other young Virginians took up 
 a residence in the Blue Grass state. AVhen 
 the second war with England was declared, 
 he organized a company of volunteers, serv- 
 ing as captain in the war of 1812. 
 
 Joseph Addison Thatcher was given a 
 good common school education, and in 1853, 
 the year of his father's death, he went to 
 Independence, Missouri, where he secured 
 employment in the dry goods store of an 
 uncle. He remained in Missouri for about 
 seven years, working at Independence. 
 
 In the spring of 1860, Thatcher, who had 
 inherited the pioneer spirit and the restless 
 desire to advance his condition, brought a 
 trainload of provisions and mining supplies 
 across the plains and located at Central City. 
 The years he had spent in mercantile pur- 
 suits in Missouri were the best possible train- 
 ing for the young man. 
 
 For two years he engaged in mercantile 
 business at this pioneer Colorado settlement 
 and then he received an offer from Warren 
 Hussey to enter his bank. In a short time 
 Mr. Thatcher Avas made manager of Hus- 
 sey 's bank, an institution which under his 
 direction, was very successful. 
 
 In 1870 he purchased the Warren Hussey 
 Bank at Central City and organized the pri- 
 
 vate bank of Thatcher, Standley & Com- 
 pany and in 1874 he organized the First Na- 
 tional Bank of Central City, taking over the 
 bank of Thatcher, Standley & Company. 
 
 Mr. Thatcher was president of the First 
 National Bank of Central City from its or- 
 ganization in 1874 to 1884, when he moved 
 to Denver and joined with other prominent 
 Coloradoans in the organization of the Den- 
 ver National Bank. 
 
 For a number of years this institution 
 was ranked with the leading banks of the 
 west. It is one of the permanent monu- 
 ments to the business integrity of Denver 
 and Colorado, and the place it has achieved 
 is due in large part to the wise and prudent 
 management of President Thatcher. 
 
 In addition to occupying the presidency 
 of the Denver National Bank, Mr. Thatcher 
 is also interested in the First National Bank 
 of Central City, and is one of the largest 
 stockholders in the Columbia Land and Cat- 
 tle Company and The Portland Cement Com- 
 pany. 
 
 With all his business activities ( Mr. 
 Thatcher has yet found time to cultivate a 
 taste for the gentler arts. He is a lover of 
 outdoor life, a devotee of art and music, be- 
 ing a discriminating critic in both. 
 
 He has published one book entitled "A 
 Colorado Outing," which is widely read and 
 enjoyed by those who are in sympathy with 
 the subject. For years Mr. Thatcher has, 
 been a patron of the best musical organiza- 
 tions in Denver, contributing liberally to 
 their support. 
 
 For recreation Mr. Thatcher enjoys tra- 
 veling better than anything. He has made 
 many trips to Europe, traveling through the 
 southern Continental countries and in Egypt. 
 
 Mr. Thatcher was married in 1865 to Miss 
 Fanny Kintley, of St. Louis, at Central City. 
 
 He is a member of the Denver Club and 
 of the Colorado Scientific Society. 
 
 123 
 
WILLIAM GARRETT FISHER 
 
 124 
 
WILLIAM GARRETT FISHER. 
 
 , WILLIAM GARRETT, member 
 of the firm of Daniels & Fisher, pioneer 
 merchants of Denver and Leadville, was born 
 at Cambridge, New York, July 11, 1844, died 
 at the Gilsey house, New York City, April 7, 
 1897. His body is buried at Fairmount ceme- 
 tery, Denver, Colorado. 
 
 His father was Garrett Wendell Fisher, a 
 leather manufacturer, born 1810, died 1847. 
 His mother was Eunice Sherman Fisher, 
 daughter of Lemuel and Sarah Carswell 
 Sherman. 
 
 As a boy, young Fisher attended the dis- 
 trict school and was sent to Washington 
 County academy, there to be fitted for Wil- 
 liams college. He had begun his course at 
 the academy, when the civil war broke out. 
 That mighty conflict was to change the 
 whole tenor of his life. 
 
 Immediately upon the war breaking out 
 Mr. Fisher announced his intention to en- 
 list in the war for the Union, he carried 
 with him a mother's blessing and the mem- 
 ory of a mother's tears. 
 
 Fisher was mustered in at Albany, a 
 member of the famous Black Horse cavalry, 
 which was subsequently disbanded, as the 
 government felt that the cavalry branch of 
 the army was too numerous. He re-enlisted 
 in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty- 
 third New York Infantry, serving until the 
 close of the war. 
 
 The four years' conflict had transformed 
 the boy to man's estate. The war, also, had 
 enlarged his perspective, had made him com- 
 petent to gaze upon big undertakings un- 
 afraid. He made up his mind that the west 
 was the land of opportunity, and after re- 
 ceiving his final discharge, he turned his 
 face toward the setting sun. A residence of 
 four years in Iowa City and again he was 
 on the move. This time for Denver, the 
 straggling village in the shadow of the foot- 
 hills, which he was to help make the Queen 
 City of the Inter-Mountain country. 
 
 Upon his arrical in Denver in 1870, Mr. 
 Fisher formed a business connection with the 
 firm of Daniels & Eckhart, then doing busi- 
 ness in a location at Fifteenth and Larimer 
 streets. It is but indicative of the character 
 and capacity of Mr. Fisher to note that two 
 years later, in the spring of 1872, the firm 
 became known as Daniels, Fisher & Co. 
 
 In 1875, the firm moved from Larimer 
 street to larger and more commodious quar- 
 ters at Sixteenth and Lawrence streets, the 
 
 present location. The firm name then be- 
 came Daniels and Fisher and continued un- 
 der this name until Mr. Fisher's death. 
 
 From that time until his death Mr. 
 Fisher was counted a leading citizen of Den- 
 ver. Public spirited, energetic, he took a 
 foremost part in every undertaking that 
 made for the city's advancement, and 
 through all the vicissitudes attending the 
 growth of the struggling town, he never 
 lost faith in her future. His imagination 
 conceived a fairy picture of Denver's great- 
 ness and his will put into execution daring 
 and ambitious plans making for that end. 
 When the panic of 1893 laid Denver low, 
 Mr. Fisher ordered construction of an addi- 
 tional story to the home of Daniels and Fish- 
 er Company at Sixteenth and Lawrence 
 streets. 
 
 After his admission to the firm, lots were 
 purchased at the present location and a 
 two-story structure built. The firm pros- 
 pered and when the Leadville boom came 
 in 1879, they were in position to take advan- 
 tage of the opportunity offered in the new 
 camps. 
 
 The firm of Daniels, Fisher & Smith was 
 the Cloud City Branch of the Denver insti- 
 tution. This was later sold out to Mr. J. W. 
 Smith, the junior partner. 
 
 In the fullness of manly vigor, with es- 
 tablished success already won and a pros- 
 pect of years of useful effort before him, 
 Mr. Fisher was stricken while on a business 
 trip to New York. 
 
 His death occasioned profound sorrow in 
 the business world of the country, while at 
 home, his friends, employes and business as- 
 sociates experienced the shock that comes 
 from suffering a personal loss. 
 
 Mr. Fisher was a member of the Denver 
 Chamber of Commerce, a director of the Fes- 
 tival of Mountain and Plain Association, 
 prominent in the Masonic fraternity and a 
 member of Lincoln Post, Grand Army of 
 the Republic. He had been keenly inter- 
 ested in the electrical development of Den- 
 ver and was the first vice-president of the 
 Consolidated Electric Light Company. Mr. 
 E. W. Rollins, the president, not being a 
 resident of Denver, the active management 
 naturally fell upcn Mr. Fisher's shoulders. 
 
 In 1873, Mr. Fisher married Mary Fran- 
 ces Cherry at Saratoga Springs, New York. 
 A son and a daughter were born to them: 
 Wm. Sherman Fisher and Barbara E., wife 
 of James Randolph Walker. 
 
 125 
 
DENNIS SHEEDY. 
 
 OHEEDY, DENNIS, banker, merchant, in- 
 *^ ventor, pioneer business man, was born 
 in Ireland, September 26, 1846, the son of 
 John and Margaret (Fitzpatrick) Sheedy. 
 AVhen a boy he came to this country with 
 his parents, th* family settling in Massa- 
 
 unknown territory beyond the Rocky Moun- 
 tains; so he came to Denver, Colorado, in 
 1863, remaining there one year. 
 
 In 1864, he went to Montana and engaged 
 in mining in Alder Gulch, near Virginia 
 City. "While still a boy in his teens, he em- 
 
 DENNIS SHEEDY 
 
 chusetts, where they remained until he was 
 twelve years old. Then they went to Iowa, 
 and shortly afterwards, in 1858, his father 
 died, and from the age of twelve he was 
 thrown on his own resources. 
 
 The spirit of adventure and sturdy inde- 
 pendence, which, in later years, was to carry 
 him far on the road to success, led young 
 Sheedy to try his fortune in the then almost 
 
 barked in the grocery business in the mining 
 camps and enjoyed considerable success. He 
 continued in this business for about one year, 
 when he sold out and removed to Utah and 
 engaged in the mercantile business in the 
 Cache Valley, remaining there until the fol- 
 lowing spring, when he returned to Virginia 
 City, Montana, where he engaged in freight- 
 ing and merchandising during that summer, 
 
 126 
 
after which he sold out and started over- 
 land for Chicago, where he took a course in 
 commercial law. Having thus added to his 
 mental equipment, he was ready to return 
 to the life of the frontier. 
 
 Purchasing a train load of merchandise he 
 started across the plains. Arriving at Fort 
 Kearney, Nebraska, he learned that the 
 Indians were on the warpath and all immi- 
 grants were advised by the government of- 
 ficers to proceed no further. These immi- 
 grants numbered fifty-four and they held a 
 meeting and decided to go on. They elected 
 Mr. Sheedy captain of their company, and 
 the government issued a captain's commis- 
 sion to him. The band under Mr. Sheedy 's 
 captaincy reached Salt Lake City, Utah, in 
 safety, after three months' travel, and en- 
 gaging in several encounters with the In- 
 dians. He then continued on to Virginia 
 City, Montana, wintering there and storing 
 his merchandise. 
 
 Early the following spring he took a train 
 load of merchandise to Lemhi City, Idaho, 
 encountering very severe mountain storms 
 on the trip, but arrived safely at Lemhi 
 City and opened a mercantile house, con- 
 tinuing there all that summer. He closed 
 out his business in Lemhi City in the fall of 
 1867, going to Helena, Montana, and engaged 
 in the wholesale grocery business until the 
 fall of 1868, when he proceeded to Salt Lake 
 City, Utah. There he purchased a train load 
 of merchandise and a herd of beef cattle, 
 which he took across the Great American 
 Desert to the town of Hamilton, White Pine 
 county, Nevada, which then had a population 
 of 30,000. Disposing of these, Mr. Sheedy 
 took a six months' trip to northern Califor- 
 nia, southern California, Old Mexico, Arizona 
 and back to San Francisco. He then re- 
 turned to New York, overland, and took an 
 extended trip through the southern states 
 and arrived in New Orleans in 1870, when he 
 crossed Berwick Bay to Galveston, and 
 thence to Brenham and Austin. From the 
 latter place he started on a six-hundred mile 
 horseback ride through southwest Texas, 
 concluding a number of large contracts for 
 cattle. He drove these Texas cattle north 
 and then engaged very actively in the cattle 
 business, establishing headquarters in Kansas 
 City and maintaining camps in Kansas, 
 Nebraska, Indian Territory and Nevada. He 
 continued in the cattle business from 1870 
 to 1884, when the advancing march of settle- 
 ment restricted the extent of the free range, 
 and he sold his interests. 
 
 In 1881, Mr. Sheedy returned to Denver, 
 this time to stay. He had lived there in 1863, 
 and his first impression, confirmed by subse- 
 
 quent visits, convinced him that the place 
 had an assured future, and he selected it for 
 his home. Almost* immediately he plunged 
 into the business life of Denver. The year 
 of his arrival he assumed the guardianship 
 of the son of his old friend, A. B. Daniels, 
 and when he was discharged by the probate 
 court, Mr. Sheedy turned over to his ward 
 an estate that had increased 100 per cent, 
 through his administration of it. 
 
 For more than a generation, Mr. Sheedy 
 has been prominent in the smelter industry 
 of the west. He was president and general 
 manager of the Globe Smelting and Refining 
 Company of Denver, and up to January, 
 1909, was a director and member of the exec- 
 utive board of the American Smelting and 
 Refining Company of New York. To his 
 genius for initiative the smelting industry 
 owes much of the progress made in the last 
 two score years. It was Mr. Sheedy who 
 first secured shipments of the rich lead ores 
 from the Coeur d' Alene mines to the smelt- 
 ers of this state. Through the use of these 
 ores, the smelting of the formerly refractory 
 gold ores was made simple. He was always 
 experimenting for improvement in processes. 
 Altogether, he secured patents on eighteen 
 inventions, which have gone far toward 
 making an exact science of the smelting in- 
 dustry. 
 
 In 1 894, Mr. Sheedy organized the Denver 
 Dry Goods Company, and was made presi- 
 dent of the corporation, a position he has 
 held ever since. The floor space has been 
 quadrupled during this time, and the store 
 is now one of the largest dry-goods houses 
 west of Chicago. Through his remarkable 
 capacity for business organization, Mr. 
 Sheedy has been led into many and diverse 
 fields of endeavor. He has been vice-presi- 
 dent of the Colorado National Bank of Den- 
 ver since 1882. He was manager of the Union 
 Real Estate, Live Stock and Investment Com- 
 pany for a number of years. He is vice- 
 president of the International Smelting and 
 Refining Company of New York. He served 
 as treasurer of the Colorado Mining Ex- 
 change and of the Western Patent Company, 
 and was for two years on the State Board of 
 Charities under the last administration of 
 Governor Routt. 
 
 Mr. Sheedy was twice married, his first 
 wife being Katherine V. Ryan of Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, to whom he was united Feb- 
 ruary 15, 1882. She died in 1895, leaving 
 two daughters. In 1898, he married Mary 
 Theresa Burke, of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Sheedy is a member of the Denver 
 Club, the Denver Athletic Club and the 
 Denver Countrv Club. 
 
 -127 
 
DAVID HALLIDAY MOFFAT 
 
 X/f OFFAT, DAVID HALLIDAY, banker, 
 * capitalist, state builder, born at Wash- 
 ingtonville, Orange county, New York, July 
 22, 1839; died March 18, 1911, at New York. 
 Mr. Moffat's parents were David H. and 
 Kathleen Gregg Moffat. He attended the 
 schools of his native town and at the age of 
 
 assistant cashier of the present day. 
 
 In 1855 Opportunity knocked at his door 
 in the form of an offer to go west. An elder 
 brother wrote him from Des Moines, at that 
 time on the edge of civilization, that a new 
 bank was about to be started there and if he 
 cared to come a place would be found for 
 
 DAVID HALLIDAY MOFFAT 
 
 12 years went to New York city where he 
 secured employment in what was then called 
 the New York Exchange Bank, but is now 
 known as the Irving Exchange National Bank. 
 From errand boy with all the multifarious 
 duties imposed upon the youth of that age, 
 he advanced rapidly until at the age of six- 
 teen he held the responsible position of as- 
 sistant teller, corresponding to the place of 
 
 him in the new institution. He went and 
 was made cashier of the institution. During 
 his service here he attracted the attention of 
 B. F. Allen, a capitalist who planned to start 
 a bank at Omaha. 
 
 Allen invited young Moffat to accompany 
 him to the Nebraska metropolis and the in- 
 vitation was accepted. When the bank 
 opened its doors the boy from New York, 
 
 128 
 
still in his teens was made cashier, a position 
 of grave responsibility which he discharged 
 with the fidelity to duty that has been charac- 
 teristic of him all his life. 
 
 Through no fault of his the institution 
 was forced into liquidation and to him was 
 intrusted the difficult task of winding up its 
 affairs. It was one of his most cherished 
 memories that under his management the 
 last cent of debt owed by the institution was 
 paid, every depositor got to the last dollar, 
 the amount of his claims, and when the doors 
 were finally closed every stain of reproach 
 was removed from the persons who had been 
 responsible for the bank's suspension. 
 
 Late in the fall of 1859 young Moffat de- 
 cided that the news of gold discoveries and 
 consequent peopling of the Pike's Peak re- 
 gion was worth investigating, and he deter- 
 mined to join the throng the next spring. 
 It was not his intention to join the search for 
 gold. His native shrewdness taught him 
 that it would be far more profitable to sup- 
 ply the wants of the gold seekers. 
 
 Accordingly he formed a partnership with 
 C. C. Woolworth of St. Joseph, Missouri, and 
 they bought a stock of books and stationery 
 for the new town of Denver. Woolworth 
 was to remain at St. Joseph to look after the 
 buying and shipping, while Moffat was to 
 have charge of the selling end at Denver. 
 
 The stock was loaded onto four wagons, 
 they hired three drivers, Moffat taking charge 
 of one team, and the march across the plains 
 was begun. The outfit arrived in Denver on 
 March 17, 1860, and the store was established 
 on Eleventh street below Larimer street on 
 the other side of Cherry Creek. 
 
 The venture proved successful from the 
 first and as the town grew the business was 
 removed to a location on the north side of 
 Larimer street between Fourteenth and Fif- 
 teenth streets. 
 
 For ten years Moffat retained his interest 
 in the store, but in the meantime, in 1865, 
 he was invited by the directors of the First 
 National Bank to accept a position as cashier 
 of that institution. From that day down to 
 the time of his death Mr. Moffat and the 
 First National Bank of Denver were syn- 
 onymous terms. In 1880 he was elected 
 president, a position he retained for more than 
 thirty years. 
 
 At the age of thirty he gathered some of the 
 venturesome spirits of the time and submitted 
 to them a proposition for building a line from 
 Denver north to Cheyenne to connect with 
 the Union Pacific, a large undertaking in 
 those days. They successfully executed their 
 plans and one day in 1870 a locomotive 
 christened the "David H. Moffat," steamed 
 
 into Denver and this city was on the railroad 
 map. 
 
 The discovery of the wonderful ore de- 
 posits in the Leadville district led to Mr. 
 Moffat's next venture in railroad building. 
 By construction of the South Park line he 
 made easy access between Denver and the 
 Cloud City, adding materially to the pros-... 
 perity of Denver and contributing to the well- 
 being of the citizens of the new camp. 
 
 When Creede was discovered Mr. Moffat 
 went to the directors of the Denver & Rio 
 Grande and urged them to build a line through 
 Wagon Wheel Gap to place the new camp on 
 the map. They refused and Mr. Moffat's 
 answer was characteristic. "Very well," he 
 said, "then I will build it myself," and he did. 
 
 So when Cripple Creek was discovered. 
 After meeting refusal from directors of other 
 railroads to build into the camp he under- 
 took himself the construction of the Florence 
 & Cripple Creek road, a route which proved 
 the most profitable in the state. 
 
 His success in railroad undertakings was 
 so proverbial that in 1885 he was elected to 
 the presidency of the Denver & Rio Grande 
 railroad, a position he held for six years. 
 
 By reason of his wonderful business fore- 
 sight Mr. Moffat acquired some of the best 
 mining properties in the state. He made 
 millions out of such mines as the Maid, Hen- 
 riette, Resurection and Little Pittsburgh at 
 Leadville; the Victor, Anaconda and Golden 
 Cycle at Cripple Creek. His other business 
 interests included holdings in the Fourth 
 National and Western National Banks of 
 New York and the Equitable Life Assurance 
 Society of New York. He was also a heavy 
 owner in the securities of the Denver City 
 Tramway Company and the Denver Union 
 Water Company. 
 
 The crowning achievement of his career 
 Mr. Moffat reserved for the closing years of 
 his life. It had been long his dream to place 
 Denver on a direct transcontinental line of 
 railway, and at the age of sixty-five, when 
 most men are planning surcease from labor, 
 he announced to the public his plans for the 
 Moffat Road, which should pierce the Rocky 
 Mountains on an air line, establishing direct 
 communication between Salt Lake City. Be- 
 fore his death he saw the realization of most 
 of his dream. 
 
 Mr. Moffat was married at Mechanics- 
 ville, New York to Fanny A. Buckhout, on 
 December 11, 1861. They had one daughter, 
 Mrs. Marcia Moffat McClurg. 
 
 Mr. Moffat was a member of the Denver 
 club, the Union League club of New York 
 and the Chicago Club of Chicago. He was... 
 also a veteran of the civil war, his discharge 
 papers showing the rank of captain. 
 
 129 
 
ALFRED CURTIS CASS 
 
 130 
 
ALFRED CURTIS CASS. 
 
 /"'ASS, ALFRED CURTIS, born Sept. 4, 
 ^ 1850 at Prairie Du Sac, Wisconsin. He 
 was of English ancestry, the family immi- 
 grating to Wisconsin in the pioneer days. His 
 grandfather on his mother's side was one of 
 the pioneer Baptist ministers of the Badger 
 state. He received his education in the pub- 
 lic schools and after graduating from the 
 high school at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, he 
 attended Wayland University where he was 
 a classmate of the late Senator Thurston of 
 Nebraska. 
 
 After finishing at Wayland, Mr. Cass en- 
 tered commercial life, engaging in the dry 
 goods business at Beaver Dam with David 
 Newman. When the firm moved to Lincoln, 
 Nebraska, Mr. Cass accompanied them. It 
 was there that he met Mr. John C. Osgood, 
 with whom he was later to become associated 
 in the organization and development of the 
 Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, the largest 
 and most powerful corporation in the Inter- 
 mountain states. 
 
 The early beginnings and subsequent his- 
 tory of the C. F. & I. form one of the most 
 unusual industrial romances of present .times. 
 It was conceived and brought into being 
 through the brains and splendid energies of 
 four remarkable young men, Osgood, Cass, 
 Jerome and Kebler. They had the daring 
 imagination of empire builders, the initiative 
 to put their dreams to the test and unbounded 
 faith in their ability to carry through their 
 enterprises. With far-sighted wisdom, they 
 recognized the illimitable resources of the 
 Centennial State and the opportunities for 
 advantage in bringing forth and developing 
 the locked up treasures of nature. The busi- 
 ness and industrial world soon came to recog- 
 nize the power of the "Nebraska Group," 
 by which title they were known. 
 
 In 1882 Mr. Cass joined with John C. 
 
 Osgood in the Whitebreast Coal & Mining 
 Company. Six years later he came to Colo- 
 rado to assume the position of general sales 
 agent of the Colorado Fuel Company, of 
 which Mr. Osgood was president, and which 
 was afterwards consolidated with the Colo- 
 rado Coal and Iron Company, under the name 
 of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. 
 In the succeeding years, the growth of this 
 company advanced by leaps and bounds. Its 
 mineral holdings were added to, by acqui- 
 sition of thousands of acres of the best coal 
 and iron ore lands in this and neighboring 
 states. The steel plant at Pueblo was es- 
 tablished, and a railroad, the Colorado & 
 Wyoming was constructed to connect the 
 various mines of the company. 
 
 In all this phenomenal development, Mr. 
 Cass bore an important part. He had ad- 
 vanced from the position of sales agent to 
 that of first vice-president and to that im- 
 portant executive position he gave the best 
 of his energy. He burned the candle at 
 both ends, prolonging his labors far into the 
 night. Such application to the hard, grind- 
 ing details of business was more than nature 
 could stand. The thread of life was cut short 
 and the community was shocked to learn on 
 July 4, 1903, of the death of Mr. Cass. 
 
 Before coming to Colorado, Mr. Cass 
 took a lively interest in politics and served for 
 many years as City treasurer of Lincoln, re- 
 ceiving nomination from Republican, Demo- 
 crat and Prohibition parties, which was 
 practically a unanimous election. 
 
 He married at Beaver Dam, Wis. in 
 1876 Miss Mary E. Ashton. Two daugh- 
 ters were born to them, Mrs. Frank M. 
 Vaughn and Mrs. Roger Wolcott Toll. 
 
 At the time of his death, Mr. Cass was a 
 member of the Denver Club, the Denver 
 Chamber of Commerce and the Denver 
 Country Club. 
 
 131 
 
CHESTER STEPHEN MOREY 
 
 CHESTER STEPHEN MOREY. 
 
 A/10REY, CHESTER STEPHEN, presi- 
 A dent and general manager of the Great 
 Western Sugar Company, founder of the 
 C. S. Morey Mercantile Company, was born 
 March 3, 1847, at Medina, Dane county, Wis- 
 consin. The movement of the family west- 
 
 ward was started by the grandfather, who- 
 was born in Rhode Island in the latter part 
 of the eighteenth century. He first went to 
 Crawford county, Pennsylvania, and, after 
 a brief stay in that state pushed his way 
 across the plains to the Badger state. Mr. 
 
 -182 
 
Morey's father was William Harrington 
 Morey. His mother was Abigail Baird 
 Morey, daughter of Chester Baird. 
 
 When barely in his teens a succession of 
 crop failures lost the Morey home and the 
 family moved to Buffalo county, where a new 
 start was made on another farm. Here for- 
 tune gave them a temporary smile and after 
 disposing of one good crop it was determined 
 that young Morey might have another short 
 period of schooling. He had already at- 
 tended two terms at the district school. 
 
 On January 1, 1864, at the age of sixteen, 
 C. S. Morey laid down his books and, passing 
 the scrutiny of the military officers, enlisted 
 in Company I, Thirty-sixth Wisconsin Volun- 
 teers. The fortunes of war saw him twice in 
 the hospital ; in the battles of Strawberry 
 plains and Jerusalem plank road ; on the field 
 at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, and 
 marching finally in the grand review at 
 Washington. For gallantry in action he was 
 promoted to corporal and to the brevet rank 
 of lieutenant. 
 
 Returning from the war he took up again 
 the hard and unremunerative work of the 
 farm. As he labored through the long days 
 before the harvest and compared the small 
 returns to the family for the excessive toil 
 faithfully given he concluded that a farmer's 
 life offered nothing but unending hardship. 
 He would leave it. 
 
 He had faithfully saved his earnings and 
 went to Chicago to take a course of study 
 that would fit him for the ministry. He had 
 'had one year at high school at Portage, Wis- 
 consin, and another year at a private acad- 
 emy at Waterloo, Wisconsin. At the conclu- 
 sion of these studies he determined that a 
 business career was the one for him and he 
 entered the employ of Cobb & Thome, a re- 
 tail grocery house of Chicago. He began 
 with this firm as a porter, the only opening 
 at hand, but his close attention to the busi- 
 ness of his employers soon won his promotion 
 and he was given a position as clerk. A 
 little later he secured employment as a com- 
 mencial traveler for the wholesale grocery 
 house of Sprague, Warner & Company, a con- 
 nection which marked the beginning of his 
 real advance. 
 
 In 1872, C. S. Morey came to Colorado, 
 partly to improve his health, which had be- 
 come somewhat impaired by too close atten- 
 tion to business, and partly to investigate 
 for himself the opportunities in the Rocky 
 Mountain region. He had saved money in 
 Chicago and upon his arrival here he in- 
 vested his capital in cattle. His venture was 
 a success, both physically and financially, 
 
 and at the end of a year he renewed his con- 
 nection with Sprague, Warner & Company, 
 becoming their western representative. 
 
 In his new position Mr. Morey had for his 
 territory the entire country west to the Pa- 
 cific, a large part of which he had to cover 
 by stage. The inconveniences and positive 
 hardships of this life were many but the re- 
 wards were most satisfactory. He sent in 
 so much business that his salary was in- 
 creased from $3,000 to $12,000 a year. He 
 invested his savings wisely and in 1881 he 
 became a member of the firm for which he 
 had worked, and a branch was opened at 
 Denver with him in charge. 
 
 For three years this arrangement ob- 
 tained, the business showing steady increase. 
 In 1884, Mr. Morey purchased the interests 
 of his partners in the Denver business and 
 incorporated the C. S. Morey Mercantile 
 Company, a concern which has been for 
 many years a leading wholesale grocery 
 house in the west. 
 
 The name of C. S. Morey will forever be 
 associated with the birth of the beet sugar 
 industry of Colorado, an industry which in 
 ten years' time has added millions to the 
 wealth of the state and has piled values in 
 ever increasing degree upon the lands of 
 this state. Through Mr. C. A. Granger, Mr. 
 Morey became interested in 1900 in a beet 
 sugar factory at Greeley, and from that time 
 dates his connection with this great interest 
 of Colorado. 
 
 Mr. Morey invested, first, with the idea 
 of encouraging a new industry for Colorado, 
 and as success attended the early efforts he 
 increased his holdings, gradually resigning 
 active connection with his mercantile busi- 
 ness and devoting his entire time and energy 
 to the development of the beet and its manu- 
 facture into sugar. The business which still 
 bears his name is now under the management 
 of his son, John W. Morey. 
 
 The growth of the Great Western Sugar 
 Company in the last decade has been almost 
 phenomenal. The company now owns eleven 
 factories, nine in Colorado, one in Montana 
 and one in Nebraska. The sugar products of 
 the company have a value of twenty million a 
 year, and the affairs of the corporation are 
 directed by C. S. Morey, president. 
 
 Mr. Morey married Anna Laura Claugh 
 of Denver, and to them were born a son, 
 John W. Morey, (q. v.) and a daughter, 
 Mary Louise Morey, widow of the late Barry 
 Sullivan. Mrs. Morey died February 27, 
 1890. 
 
 Mr. Morey is a member of the Denver 
 Club, Denver Athletic Club and the Denver 
 Country Club. 
 
 133 
 
WALTER SCOTT CHEESMAN. 
 
 /CHEESMAN, WALTER SCOTT, capital- 
 ^- -l 1st, born June 27, 1838, at Hempstead 
 Harbor, Long Island, New York, died in 
 Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1907, was the son 
 of Joseph B. and Grace Rowling Cheesman. 
 He is descended from prominent families of 
 the colonial period, and later some were 
 numbered among the patriots of the Amer- 
 ican Revolution. His grandfather, Captain 
 
 the public and high schools in NeAV York 
 City, and part of his education was obtained 
 under private tutors. He at first intended 
 to follow a mercantile life, as had his father, 
 and for several years was employed in the 
 old New York Bank in that city. In 1854 
 he removed to Chicago, where he engaged 
 in the drug business, and in 1860, while still 
 a resident of that city, he established a drug 
 
 WALTER SCOTT CHEESMAN 
 
 Joseph Cheesman (1740-1820), was commis- 
 sioned first lieutenant in Colonel William 
 Malcom's regiment, New York, serving one 
 year, and then as captain of the artificers 
 at West Point, under General Kosciusko. 
 His son, Joseph B. Cheesman, was a mer- 
 chant in New York City, but during the 
 War of 1812 served as a captain in a New 
 York regiment. 
 
 Walter Scott Cheesman, his son, attended 
 
 store in Denver. In order to give this new 
 business his personal attention, Mr. Chees- 
 man moved to Denver in 1861 and from that 
 time this city became his permanent home. 
 His store was opened in a building at Fif- 
 teenth and Blake streets, one part of it being 
 occupied by the Kountze Brothers as a bank. 
 He lost heavily in the great fire that swept 
 the business center of Denver in 1863, and 
 immediately went east, where he purchased 
 
 134 
 
a new and larger stock. A lot adjoining 
 that of Daniels & Brown was bought by him, 
 upon which he erected a two-storied build- 
 ing. He withdrew from the drug business 
 in 1874, having in the meantime become in- 
 terested in other undertakings, and from 
 that time until his death his name was 
 prominent as a promoter and organizer of 
 extensive and ambitious enterprises. In 
 1869-1870 Mr. Cheesman became associ- 
 ated with Governor John Evans, David 
 H. Moffat and others in the building of 
 the Denver & Pacific Railway, then in 
 financial straits. They sold bonds in the 
 sum of a million dollars, and through 
 their energy and financiering the road was 
 completed to Cheyenne, and in June, 1870, 
 the first locomotive pulled into Denver. 
 When this city and region needed money 
 for public enterprise, and capital was afraid 
 to invest, Mr. Cheesman risked all he pos- 
 sessed, but it proved a fortunate investment. 
 He was one of the organizers of the Denver 
 & Boulder Valley Railroad Company, in 
 October, 1870, of which he was a trustee 
 and also vice-president. He was interested 
 in the Denver & South Park Railroad, of 
 which he was vice-president, and was also 
 one of the projectors of the Denver & New 
 Orleans, and the Denver, Texas & Fort 
 Worth Railroads, now a part of the Colorado 
 & Southern System. 
 
 In 1880, Mr. Cheesman organized the 
 Denver Union Depot and Railway Company, 
 and was its first president, a position which 
 he held many years. 
 
 In the meantime Mr. Cheesman, in 1872, 
 became interested in the subject of the water 
 supply for the city, and assisted in the or- 
 ganization of the Denver Water Company, 
 of which he was elected president. In 1888 
 he organized the Citizens Water Company, 
 and also the Mountain Water Works Con- 
 struction Company, becoming the president 
 of both of these corporations. The Citizens 
 and the Denver Water Companies were con- 
 solidated in 1894, and became known as the 
 Denver Union Water Company, of which 
 Mr. Cheesman was president, continuing in 
 that position until his death in 1907. He 
 thoroughly investigated all the available 
 water supply for the city, and by the pur- 
 chase of lakes, the building of reservoirs, 
 and finally in the construction of the great 
 Cheesman Dam or lake, Denver has forever 
 been made secure of an inexhaustible and 
 pure water supply. The consummation of 
 his labors in the perfecting of this great 
 system is a lasting monument to his skill 
 and genius. 
 
 The Cheesman Dam is one of the most 
 wonderful engineering achievements in the 
 West. It was constructed on the South Fork 
 of .the South Platte, below the confluence 
 of Goose Creek, and the large lake or reser- 
 voir thus made extends about three miles 
 up Goose Creek and seven up the South 
 Fork. The depth at the dam is 220 feet and 
 three miles up it is 150 feet, and at six miles 
 from the dam it is fifty feet deep. It con- 
 tains about seventy-five billion gallons of 
 water, sufficient to supply Denver for five 
 years when its population shall have reached 
 half a million. 
 
 In 1885, Mr. Cheesman was elected a 
 member of the Board of Directors of the 
 Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, and was 
 for a time prominently identified with that 
 road. In addition to mining interests in 
 Leadville, Creede, Red Cliff and other parts 
 of the state, he was one of the largest real 
 estate owners in Denver. From the early 
 days in Denver he put his faith in this city, 
 both as a railroad builder and an investor 
 When others doubted, he was an optimist. 
 More than once he risked his fortune to 
 further the advancement of Denver and 
 Colorado. 
 
 For thirty years Mr. Cheesman was a 
 director and vice-president of the First Na- 
 tional Bank of Denver. He was also presi- 
 dent of the First National Bank at Aspen. 
 He was liberal and generous, many of his 
 gifts being unknown to the general public. 
 Kindness and sympathy were among his 
 strongest traits. He not only had a warm 
 heart for his fellow-man, but for the dumb 
 brute as well. Mr. Cheesman for many years 
 was the mainstay and support of the Colo- 
 rado Humane Society of which he was also 
 the president. 
 
 His heirs contributed $100,000 for the 
 memorial in Cheesman Park, formerly the 
 old Congressional park and cemetery, which 
 is now known as Cheesman Park, where a 
 handsome marble Memorial Building has 
 been erected that is one of the chief attrac- 
 tions in the city. 
 
 Mr. Cheesman married, November 2, 
 1885, Mrs. Alice Foster Sanger, daughter of 
 John Wells and Lydia (Converse) Foster. 
 Mrs. Cheesman is descended from Myles 
 Standish, who came over in the Mayflower. 
 She is a member of the Society of Mayflower 
 Descendants, Colonial Dames, and the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 
 To them was born a daughter, Gladys, 
 now the wife of John Evans, son of William 
 G., and grandson of Governor John Evans 
 (q. v.). Mr. and Mrs. John Evans have a 
 daughter named Alice, born May 15, 1911. 
 
 135 
 
CHARLES HALLACK 
 
 CHARLES HALLACK 
 
 T-TALLACK, CHARLES, lumber merchant 
 A A and manufacturer, born March 22, 1828, 
 in Bethany. Genesee county, New York, 
 died Denver, March 3, 1906, was the son of 
 John D. and Sarah Hallack. His ancestry 
 
 dates back to colonial days. His father, farmer, 
 miller, manufacturer, was born Nov. 6, 1790, 
 died Aug. 13, 1865 at Bethany, N. Y. His 
 mother was born Dec. 12, 1792 and died 
 Sep. 1, 1872. 
 
 136 
 
Charles Hallack was educated in the com- 
 mon schools, and spent the first twenty-eight 
 years of his life on a farm in his native county. 
 In 1857 he removed to Menden, St. Joseph 
 county, Michigan, where he formed a part- 
 nership in the mercantile business with Mr. 
 Lyman, and there continued in the same for 
 eight years. Removing to Highland, Don- 
 iphan county, Kansas, in 1864, he was there 
 engaged for about two years in the stock 
 business. In 1866 he became interested with 
 his brother, Erastus F. Hallack in the lumber 
 business, and shipped freight to Denver. 
 He followed the next year, crossing the plains 
 in a wagon with his wife, and settled in this 
 city, in May, 1867, which became his perma- 
 nent residence. The Hallack Brothers built 
 a planing mill. As Denver was then the cen- 
 ter of activity, rapidly building and expanding, 
 they prospered in business and were soon 
 compelled to enlarge their plant. They be- 
 came known as one of the most reliable firms 
 in the west, and their trade grew and flourish- 
 ed. 
 
 Mr. Charles Hallack was a man of in- 
 tegrity, thrift, energy, and enterprise, known 
 and recognized as one of the foremost busi- 
 ness men of the city. The firm name was 
 changed to that of Hallack & Howard, when 
 Charles and J. H. Howard became interested 
 with them in the business, in 1877. His 
 brother, E. F. Hallack, retired from the firm 
 in 1879 to engage in a separate enterprise. 
 Charles Hallack continued in active business 
 until 1895, when he sold out his interest in 
 the Hallack & Howard Lumber Company and 
 retired. 
 
 Mr. Hallack was one of the promoters and 
 organizers of the old State National Bank in 
 1882, and was a member of its first board of 
 directors. This bank opened in a small apart- 
 ment on 16th street in the rear portion of the 
 McClintock block, with a capital stock of 
 $120,000. When the First National, which 
 then occupied the corner of the same building, 
 was transferred to the Tabor Block across 
 Larimer street, the State National took its 
 place. Mr. Hallack was the president of the 
 latter in 1884. He also made investments 
 in other enterprises, and became one of the 
 wealthy men of the state. After retiring 
 from active business, he spent his time at his 
 home, 1315 California street, and in attend- 
 ing to his large and extensive property in- 
 interests. He was charitable, but in the 
 quiet and unostentatious way. Being averse 
 to publicity, much of the good that was done 
 by his helping hand will never be known. 
 
 He not only relieved cases of distress to which 
 his attention had been called, but often sought 
 them out, giving liberally to the needy with- 
 out the source of the benefaction becoming 
 known to them. 
 
 The old and original home at 13th and 
 California, on the site of which now stands 
 the present handsome residence, is still occu- 
 pied by the family. Mr Hallack instructed 
 his brother, Erastus F., who preceded him to 
 Denver about a year, to buy him a home, and 
 he purchased the present site, on what was 
 then known as E. street. The first structure 
 was a modest one and a half story frame 
 dwelling, which was torn down in 1889, and 
 the present elegant home was built. Addi- 
 tional ground was bought, and a beautiful 
 lawn was made. Mr. Hallack set out the 
 trees and sowed the grass for this, the first 
 lawn in Denver. 
 
 He was profoundly interested in arbori- 
 culture and personally cared for and tended 
 the three generations of big trees which now 
 adorn the lawn of the family home. He 
 served for a time as one of the Park Commis- 
 sioners of Denver, and it was during his ad- 
 ministration of this office that the lake at the 
 City Park was built. He personally super- 
 vised this work, and in a large measure, the 
 credit for the beautification of Denver's 
 park system is due to his indefatigable ef- 
 forts and excellent taste. 
 
 Mr. Hallack passed away at St. Joseph's 
 hospital after submitting to a serious opera- 
 tion to relieve a complicated and long stand- 
 ing trouble. 
 
 Mr. Hallack married Miss Rachel L. 
 daughter of John Wilkinson (born 1806) and 
 Sarah Clapp (born Knox, 1811) Fletcher, 
 who were married in 1831. Mrs. Hallack's 
 grandfather, William, was the son of Captain 
 William Fletcher of distinguished Revo- 
 lutionary service. He enlisted as a private 
 in a detachment of Captain Jonathan Thayer's 
 Company, Col. Barnes' regiment, serving 
 throughout the Revolution and being pro- 
 moted to a captaincy in Colonel Simon's 
 regiment. He retired with a Captain's com- 
 mission. He was descended from Robert 
 Fletcher, whose old home is now the museum 
 of Concord, Mass. 
 
 Mr. Hallack is survived by his widow, and 
 two children, both born in Denver, Miss 
 Gertrude Fletcher (Mrs. [Dr.] Arnold Steven 
 Taussig); and Charles Hallack, Jr., who is 
 now (1911) engaged in the lumber and manu- 
 facturing business at Spokane, Washington. 
 
 137 
 
CHARLES SCOTT JOHNSON 
 
 138 
 
CHARLES SCOTT JOHNSON. 
 
 JOHNSON, CHARLES SCOTT, railroad 
 J president, born February 21, 1865, in "Wa- 
 terloo, New York, is the son of P. W. (whole- 
 sale lumberman and manufacturer) and An- 
 nie L. Johnson. After graduating from high 
 school, he kept books for a time in the ex- 
 tensive establishment operated by his father. 
 It was this practical school of experience 
 that gave him an insight into business meth- 
 ods and developed the executive ability and 
 skill with which he now conducts large en- 
 terprises in a successful manner. 
 
 Mr. Johnson was one of the founders and 
 secretary of The Western Mutual Life Insu- 
 rance Company, of Chicago, and had charge 
 of their extensive agency force there during 
 the five years of his association with that 
 company, and in that capacity placed over 
 $15,000,000 of insurance at risk. He after- 
 wards organized The Natural Carbonic Gas 
 Company of Saratoga Springs, New York, 
 and was the active head of that business com- 
 mercially some five years, until he came to 
 the west to become interested in the projects 
 with which he is now associated. 
 
 He is now president of the Denver, Lara- 
 mie & Northwestern railroad, which was 
 chartered February 9, 1910, as successor to 
 the Denver, Laramie & Northwestern Rail- 
 way Company. 
 
 This railroad is projected to extend from 
 
 Denver to Boise, about 750 miles. The line 
 from Denver to Greeley, now in operation, 
 including sidings, is 56.16 miles in length. 
 On January 1, 1911, the company began the 
 year's work with twelve miles of construc- 
 tion under way west of Greeley, and since 
 that time, has been rapidly pushing the ex- 
 tension of the road. This road is one of the 
 new and most important railway connections 
 for Denver, opening new and rich fields for 
 investment and development that will add 
 much to the wealth of the Rocky Mountain 
 region. Mr. Johnson, who came to this state 
 in July, 1907, has shown splendid executive 
 force and ability in financing and promoting 
 this great enterprise. 
 
 Mr. Johnson was also one of the organi- 
 zers of the Northwestern Land & Iron Com- 
 pany, and financed that company to the ex- 
 tent of two million dollars. He also helped 
 to organize and finance The Denver-Laramie 
 Realty Company, and is now (1911) assisting 
 in financing The Colorado-Wyoming Coal 
 Company both large corporations. 
 
 He is a member of the Traffic Club, Colo- 
 rado Golf Club and the Denver Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Johnson married, in Chicago, October 
 9, 1888, Miss Grace Russell, daughter of 
 Benjamin Russell Cutler of that city. They 
 have two children, Earl R. and Ralph C. 
 
 139 
 
ALEXIS du PONT PARKER 
 
 ALEXIS du PONT PARKER. 
 
 DARKER, ALEXIS du PONT, born July 
 * 26, 1859, at Wilmington, Delaware, the 
 son of Stevens Parker, D. D., an Episcopal 
 clergyman, and Mary (Griffitts Lewis) Parker. 
 The first of the family to settle in America 
 
 was William Parker, lawyer, who came from 
 London in the early part of 1700, and en- 
 tered upon the practice of his profession at 
 Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Dr. Stevens 
 Parker was born Oct. 25, 1830 and died 
 
 140 
 
March 15, 1894. The parents of A. D. Par- 
 ker's mother were Charles Smith Lewis and 
 Mary Griffitts) Lewis. 
 
 A. D. Parker, vice president of the Colo- 
 rado & Southern Railroad, was educated for 
 the church. The men of his house have all 
 been lawyers, or preachers of the Gospel. 
 His great grandfather was the bishop of the 
 Episcopal diocese of Massachusetts and he 
 but followed the course of family tradition 
 in the plans adopted for his education. At 
 the age of twenty, he received his academic 
 degree of A. B. from Racine College, from 
 which institution he was graduated in 1879. 
 Three years later, his alma mater conferred 
 upon him the degree of A. M. 
 
 After leaving Racine, Mr. Parker entered 
 the General Theological Seminary at New 
 York City, and was graduated in 1883, with 
 the degree of S. T. B. 
 
 But A. D. Parker was destined for a ca- 
 reer of greater activity than is experienced 
 in the life of a minister of the Gospel. The 
 call of the west beckoned him after leaving 
 the seminary, and he came to Colorado, 
 reaching Denver May 30, 1883. On June 
 15, 1883, he entered the employ of the Denver 
 & Rio Grande Railroad as a section laborer. 
 His rise in the railroad world, from section 
 hand to vice president of a vast railroad 
 system, is one of the wonder tales of the West 
 where custom decrees large rewards for honest 
 and efficient service. 
 
 It was characteristic of A. D. Parker that, 
 having selected the railroad business as his 
 life work, he determined to learn it thoroughly, 
 beginning at the bottom and mastering its 
 details in all branches. The idea of advance- 
 ment was ever in his mind. On the day he 
 grasped his rough tools, prepared to do a man's 
 work in whatever station fortune might place 
 him, the conviction was strong within him 
 that his first employment was but the start- 
 ing point of his career. In a short time he 
 was made foreman of the section. He remained 
 at this work until he became acquainted with 
 every detail of railroad construction and then 
 was promoted, 
 
 From the railroad grade, Mr. Parker went 
 into the machine shops. He began as an 
 apprentice and learned the trade. It may 
 seem tedious to the young man of today to 
 contemplate the years of preparation, but 
 Parker never doubted the wisdom of his 
 course, nor regretted the time he spent in 
 securing the equipment that should make him 
 qualified for the position of high responsi- 
 bility awaiting him at the end. 
 
 After leaving the machine shops, Mr. 
 
 Parker took a position as clerk in the general 
 office of the Colorado & Southern. One pro- 
 motion followed another until he finally was 
 made general auditor for the entire system. 
 After holding the position for several years, 
 Mr. Parker in 1905, was made vice-president 
 and general manager. Upon the retirement of 
 President Frank Trumbul Mr. Parker's duties 
 as vice president were greatly enlarged. The 
 hardships and sacrifices attendant upon 
 the years of preparation on the section, 
 in the machine shops and as subordinate 
 clerk, finally won their reward. 
 
 The same steadfastness of purpose that 
 won his advancement from section laborer 
 to railroad vice president also brought mar- 
 velous success to Mr. Parker in his mining in- 
 vestments. While employed as section fore- 
 man, Mr. Parker formed the acquaintance of 
 Thomas Lockhart, a miner and prospector 
 of large experience and expect knowledge. 
 It did not take Mr. Parker long to decide that 
 Lockhart was a man whose honesty and judg- 
 ment could be safely capitalized. The two 
 entered into a partnership and for several years 
 the railroad man " grub-staked " the miner. 
 Every month a certain sum was appropriated 
 out of his salary by Mr. Parker for the needs 
 of his mining partner. Lockhart scoured the 
 mountain sides of Colorado for years with 
 indifferent success. Finally, when reports of 
 gold discoveries in Southern Nevada were 
 given to the world, he set out for Tonopah. 
 There he located some claims in the new dis- 
 trict, which gave evidences of being producers 
 ultimately, but greater fortune was yet in 
 store for them. Lockhart was one of the 
 first in the new camp of Goldfield, thirty 
 miles to the south. His practiced eye se- 
 lected the claims which now constitute the 
 holdings of the Florence Gold Mining Com- 
 pany, one of the two great mining companies 
 of the Goldfield district. Mr. Parker's share 
 in the bonanza has made him a millionaire 
 several times over. 
 
 Mr. Parker, on Sept. 14, 1887, married 
 Eliza Bowley Bryan at Baltimore, Mary- 
 land. They have three children, all girls, 
 Anne Bryan Parker, Helen Lewis Parker and 
 Emily Le Compte Parker. 
 
 While in no sense a devotee of society, 
 Mr. Parker holds memberships in a number of 
 prominent clubs. These include the Uni- 
 versity Club of Chicago, University Club, 
 Denver, Denver Club, Denver Country Club, 
 El Paso Club, Colorado Springs, Montezuma 
 Club, Goldfield, Nevada, and the Traffic Club, 
 Denver. 
 
 141 
 
LAWRENCE COWLE PHIPPS 
 
 LAWRENCE COWLE PHIPPS. 
 
 LAWRENCE COWLE, retired 
 steel manufacturer, capitalist, philan- 
 thropist, was born in Amwell township, 
 Washington county, Pennsylvania, August 
 30, 1862. His father was William Henry 
 
 Phipps, a minister of the gospel, born March 
 27, 1825, died November 28, 1902. His 
 mother was Agnes McCall Phipps, daughter 
 of William and Elizabeth Johnson McCall. 
 The history of the steel business in Amer- 
 
 142 
 
ica is the story of the life work of Carnegie 
 and the men of the Phipps family and those 
 they gathered around them. The marvelous 
 development of production, manufacture and 
 distribution, the welding together of scores 
 of individual plants, the adjustment on an 
 economic basis of the labor of a hundred 
 thousand men, and the scientific marketing 
 of the fruits of their labor so that the intri- 
 cate organization thus built up should move 
 smoothly and easily, is a monument to those 
 whose daring imagination conceived the 
 dream and whose executive capacity carried 
 it out. 
 
 Lawrence Cowle Phipps attended the pub- 
 lic schools of Pittsburgh, to which city the 
 family moved when he was five years of age. 
 At sixteen he was graduated from the 
 Pittsburgh High School and soon there- 
 after entered into the world of busi- 
 ness and manufacture in the office of 
 Carnegie Brothers & Company, Limited. 
 He was assigned to a place at the Upper 
 Union Mills, Thirty-third street, Pitts- 
 burgh, remaining there until December 1, 
 1887. These were the years of his appren- 
 ticeship given under the watchful care of 
 men who even then were coming to be recog- 
 nized as the greatest masters of the busi- 
 ness in the country. In these offices he 
 served in various capacities, holding the posi- 
 tion of bookkeeper when the properties were 
 transferred to the firm of Carnegie, Phipps 
 & Company, Limited. 
 
 With the change, his position was im- 
 proved, a place of larger responsibility being 
 given him in the city offices. So well did 
 he discharge the trust committed to him that 
 on October 1, 1888, at the age of twenty-six 
 years, he was given an interest in the busi- 
 ness of Carnegie, Phipps & Company, Lim- 
 ited, and also in that of Carnegie Brothers 
 & Company, Limited, the latter corporation 
 owning the Edgar Thompson Steel "Works 
 and other properties. 
 
 On September 5, 1885, he married Miss 
 Loomis of Pittsburgh. A son, Lawrence C. 
 Phipps, Jr., and a daughter, Emma L. 
 Phipps, were born to them. Mrs. Phipps 
 died in July, 1888. 
 
 Upon his introduction into the firm he 
 was made treasurer of Carnegie, Phipps & 
 Company, Limited, and two years later he 
 was elected a member of the Board of Man- 
 agers of Carnegie Brothers & Company, Lim- 
 ited, and of Carnegie, Phipps & Company, 
 Limited. On July 1, 1892, upon the organ- 
 ization of the Carnegie Steel Company, Lim- 
 
 ited, by the consolidation of the several Car- 
 negie interests, he was elected a member 
 of the Board of Managers, and assistant 
 treasurer of the new company. Later he 
 was made treasurer and subsequently, in 
 1894, he was elected second vice-president 
 of the company. 
 
 In 1900 the Carnegie Company was 
 formed to take over the Carnegie Steel Com- 
 pany, the H. C. Frick Coke Company, the 
 Oliver Iron Mining Company, the Pittsburgh, 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Company, 
 and many other affiliated companies. Mr. 
 Phipps was elected a member of the Board 
 of Managers of the new holding company 
 and first vice-president. Until the Carnegie 
 interests were absorbed by the United States 
 Steel Corporation, on April 1, 1901, he re- 
 tained these offices. At that time he resigned 
 all positions and retired from active business. 
 
 On April 22, 1897, he married Miss Chand- 
 ler of Pittsburgh, by whom there were two 
 children : Dorothy Chandler Phipps and 
 Helen Chandler Phipps. The family ac- 
 quired a residence in Denver, Colorado, in 
 the fall of 1901, and subsequently disposed 
 of the Pittsburgh residence. 
 
 In the Agnes Memorial Sanatorium, in- 
 stituted in 1904, Mr. Phipps has erected an 
 enduring monument to his charity and has 
 earned the grateful regard of hundreds of 
 sufferers from the white plague, who have 
 found recovery at the institution. The San- 
 atorium is situated in the Montclair subur- 
 ban district of Denver upon a commanding 
 estate of forty acres. Mr. Phipps, besides 
 providing all expense of first cost and con- 
 struction, has given a generous endowment 
 to meet the annual deficiency. The institu- 
 tion is a model of its kind, splendidly 
 equipped for housing one hundred and fifty 
 patients. Since it was opened on July 1, 
 1904, it has established a remarkable record 
 for effecting cures of tuberculosis. 
 
 Since his retirement from business in 
 1901, Mr. Phipps has spent much of his time 
 in travel, both in this country and abroad. 
 Being fond of outdoor life he has devoted 
 himself to golf, riding, fishing and shooting. 
 His park near Wagon Wheel Gap, in Min- 
 eral county, is one of the finest natural pre- 
 serves in the country. On this estate are to 
 be found some of the rarest birds and animals 
 extant. The streams within the enclosure 
 are stocked with an abundance of fish. 
 
 On January 25, 1911, Mr. Phipps married 
 Miss Margaret Rogers, daughter of Judge 
 Platt Rogers of Denver. 
 
 143 
 

 JOEL FREDERICK VAILE 
 
 144 
 
JOEL FREDERICK VAILE. 
 
 AILE, JOEL FREDERICK, was born at 
 Centerville, Indiana, iMarch 14, 1848. 
 He is descended on his mother's side from 
 Elder William Brewster, the leader of that 
 devoted little band who landed from the 
 Mayflower on the bleak and rock-bound coast 
 in 1620, and whose influence for good in the 
 American character is recognized today, 
 three centuries after they gave thanksgiving 
 on Plymouth Rock for safe delivery from the 
 perils of the deep and from the persecutions 
 of the mother country. 
 
 The same lofty ideals and capacity for 
 leadership that placed Elder "William Brew- 
 ster at the head of the Pilgrim Fathers de- 
 scended to his progeny, and they proved 
 themselves worthy scions of an illustrious 
 sire. Colonel Benjamin Hammond, who was 
 an ancestor of Mr. Vaile's, participated in 
 the battle of Bunker Hill and in later en- 
 gagements during the Revolution. 
 
 Rawson Vaile, father of Joel F. Vaile, 
 was born May 20, 1812, and died in Decem- 
 ber, 1888, at Kokomo, Indiana. For nearly 
 half a century he was a successful practi- 
 tioner before the Indiana bar, and it was 
 from him that his son acquired his liking for 
 the law and received his early training in 
 the profession. 
 
 Joel F. Vaile received his education in 
 the public schools of Indiana and at Oberlin 
 College, Ohio, from which he was graduated 
 in 1872. After leaving college young Vaile 
 entered his father's office and two years 
 later became associated with him in the 
 practice of law. 
 
 While he never sought political office, 
 he always took an active interest in public 
 affairs and was soon recognized by the lead- 
 ers of his party, as a young man of excep- 
 tional promise, possessed of convincing de- 
 livery and attractive address. When barely 
 thirty years of age, he was elected prose- 
 cuting attorney of the Thirty-sixth Judicial 
 District of Indiana, serving in that capacity 
 during 1878 and 1879. He established for 
 himself during that term of office an envi- 
 able reputation as an able and fearless offi- 
 cial. 
 
 The next year, 1880, was held the his- 
 toric convention of the republican party at 
 Chicago, where the Stalwarts, under the 
 
 leadership of Roscoe Conkling, sought to 
 force the nomination of the beloved Grant 
 for the third time. Although it was a dis- 
 tinction invariably conferred upon the older 
 members of the party, yet the people of 
 Vaile 's district elected him a delegate to this 
 memorable gathering. There, as a young 
 man, he saw and came into close personal 
 contact with the giants in intellect whose 
 names are enrolled on the pages of national 
 history. 
 
 Although a great admirer of President 
 Grant and warmly disposed toward the im- 
 petuous and commanding Conkling, Vaile 
 could not support their program. He voted 
 for the precedent established by Washing- 
 ton, and Garfield was nominated. 
 
 In 1882, Mr. Vaile came to Colorado, 
 settling at Denver. Soon thereafter he 
 formed a partnership with Senator Edward 
 0. Wolcott (q. v.) and through their offices 
 passed the most important litigation tried in 
 the state. Upon the death of Senator Wol- 
 cott in January, 1905, Mr. Vaile became gen- 
 eral counsel for the Denver & Rio Grande 
 railroad. 
 
 While the heavy responsibilities of his 
 position as general counsel of the Denver 
 and Rio Grande Railroad Company have 
 large claims upon his time, it is yet a fact 
 that the firm of which Mr. Vaile is now 
 senior partner has figured in most of the im- 
 portant law suits tried in this state during 
 the last two decades. 
 
 Mr. Vaile was married August 10, 1875, 
 at West Brookfield, Massachusetts, to Char- 
 lotte M. White. Two sons and two daugh- 
 ters are the result of the union, William N. 
 Vaile, junior member of the firm of Vaile, 
 McAllister & Vaile ; Gertrude Vaile, Louis F. 
 Vaile and Lucretia Vaile. 
 
 Mr. Vaile is a member of the Denver Club, 
 and has memberships in the University Club 
 of Denver, the Denver Athletic Club and the 
 Metropolitan Club of New York. 
 
 During his residence in Colorado, Mr. 
 Vaile has not participated actively in poli- 
 tics, although he is recognized as one of the 
 strongest men in the republican party. In 
 recognition of his ability his name has been 
 suggested a number of times as the choice 
 of his party for the high office of United 
 States senator. 
 
 145 
 
DELOS ALLEN CHAPPELL 
 
 146 
 
DELOS ALLEN CHAPPELL. 
 
 /CHAPPELL, DELOS ALLEN, civil engi- 
 ^ neer, capitalist, born in Williamson, 
 Wayne county, N. Y., April 29, 1846, was the 
 son of Allen Darwin and Lydia DeLano 
 (Hart) Chappell. The family was originally 
 of French extraction, later finding a home in 
 England. The American ancestor in the 
 paternal line was George Chappell, who emi- 
 grated from London, England, March 16, 
 1634, in the ship "Christian," first settling at 
 Windsor, Conn., thence removing in 1649, 
 to New London, Conn., where somejiof the later 
 generations of the family still reside. During 
 their respective times, the family partici- 
 pated in the American Revolution, the Mexi- 
 can and Civil Wars. His father, Allen Dar- 
 win Chappell, a farmer, (son of Betsy (Allen) 
 Chappell, niece of Col. Ethan Allen of Vt., 
 one of the heroes of the American Revolution) 
 born in Rutland, Vt., May 7, 1815, died Jan. 
 24, 1899, held a captian's commission under 
 William H. Seward, Governor of New York. 
 
 Delos A. Chappell, the son, attended a 
 country school near Kalamazoo, Mich., until 
 14, prepared at Olivet College for the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, becoming a student at 
 the latter in the fall of 1866. At the close of 
 his junior year, owing to an accident that 
 befell his father, he was compelled to leave 
 the university, and take charge of the farm, 
 residing there until 1873. That same year, 
 he removed to Chicago where he opened an 
 office as an engineer and contractor. While 
 on business at Appleton, Wis., in 1879, he 
 was approached by some citizens of Trinidad, 
 Colo., who requested him to visit that town, 
 with a desire that he construct water works 
 for that place. Complying with their re- 
 quest, he went to Trinidad that year, and 
 built the water works as a private enterprise. 
 On this, his first trip to Trinidad, he realized 
 the wonderful resources of that region, the 
 state and the west, which resulted later in 
 his making that town his residence in 1883, 
 after ten years of activity from his Chicago 
 office, in the construction of public works in 
 New England and the middle west. 
 
 At Trinidad, Mr. Chappell acquired a one 
 
 quarter interest in the First National Bank, 
 and in addition to operating the city water 
 works, became identified with the develop- 
 ment of the coal and coke industry of south- 
 ern Colorado. During this period (from 
 1883 to 1905) a number of mines and coke 
 plants were organized or acquired in Las 
 Animas, Huerfano, and Fremont counties, 
 and were finally consolidated under the cor- 
 porate name of the Victor Fuel Company, 
 with an owned area of 30,000 acres of selected 
 coal lands. In October, 1897, he sold the 
 water works to the City of Trinidad, and in 
 May, 1898, removed to Denver with the 
 Victor Fuel Company offices. In the sum- 
 mer of 1902, in company with H. J. Alexander, 
 he organized the Capitol National Bank of 
 Denver. He sold his interest in the Victor 
 Fuel Company, in 1905, to J. C. Osgood. 
 The next two years, he spent in Europe, in 
 rest and recreation, returning to Denver in 
 1907. He then accepted the presidency and 
 management of the Nevada-California Power 
 Company and the Hydro-Electric Company, 
 furnishing light and power in Nevada and 
 southern California. Since 1898 he has made 
 Denver his residence, spending a part of his 
 time in southern California. 
 
 Faith in the resources of Colorado, to- 
 gether with good business judgment, and 
 with the strong executive force and ability 
 to plan and carry out great enterprises, re- 
 sulted in making Mr. Chappell one of the 
 wealthy men of the state, and one of its most 
 prominent citizens and financiers. He is a 
 member of the Denver Club ; Denver Country 
 Club; and Santa Barbara (California) Coun- 
 try Club. 
 
 Mr. Chappell married, Dec. 19, 1883, Miss 
 May C., daughter of Alonzo and Grace E. 
 Hastings of Trinidad, Colorado. Mrs. Chap- 
 pell is a lady of many accomplishements, de- 
 scended from an illustrious ancestry of the 
 colonial period, and is a member of the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 They have two children: Jean Louise, an 
 accomplished musician; and Delos Allen, Jr. 
 
 147 
 
CHARLES CLARK WELCH. 
 
 TT7ELCH, CHARLES CLARK, capitalist, 
 *^ was born in Pamelia, Jefferson county, 
 New York, June 14, 1830; he died in Jack- 
 sonville, Florida, February 1, 1908, where 
 he had gone for his health. 
 
 He was the son of Charles Welch, Jr., and 
 Pamelia La Valley Welch. He was of French 
 ancestry through the La Valley family, which 
 
 the founders of Norwich, Connecticut, and 
 deputy governor of the Connecticut colony. 
 His great grandfather, William Webb, served 
 in the Revolution on the Battleship Trumbull 
 in 1777, was taken prisoner by the British and 
 was confined on the notorious British priso n- 
 ship Jersey; from which, after untold hard- 
 ships, he escaped. After the Revolution was 
 
 CHARLES CLARK WELCH 
 
 originally came from France and settled in 
 Rhode Island, and was among the founders 
 of Providence. On the paternal side he was 
 of Scotch and English extraction. Mr. 
 Welch was a descendent of elder William 
 Brewster, who was the pastor of the May- 
 flower Colony, and came with the Pilgrim 
 Fathers to Plymouth in 1620. He was also 
 a descendent of Major John Mason, one of 
 
 over he came to northern New York, where 
 he was a sturdy pioneer. 
 
 Mr. Welch's father, Charles Welch, Jr.. 
 was descended from a distinguished colonial 
 family of Connecticut; was a farmer, and 
 was the first white child born north of the 
 Black River, in the State of New York. 
 Charles Clark Welch, the son, alternated his 
 attendance in the public schools with work 
 
 148 
 
on the farm. At the age of fifteen, he en- 
 tered the Academy of Watertown, New York, 
 and there prepared himself for the profession... 
 of teaching; which he successfully followed 
 until 1850. 
 
 In March of that year, he sailed for Cali- 
 fornia via the Isthmus of Panama, and ar- 
 rived in San Francisco the latter part of 
 May. For two years he engaged in success- 
 ful placer mining at Auburn, Placer county, 
 where he was part owner of the first quartz 
 mill erected in that state. In June, 1852, he 
 sailed for Australia, and after a voyage of sev- 
 enty days, visiting the South Sea Islands en 
 route, he landed at Sidney. 
 
 He engaged in successful mining opera- 
 tions in New South Wales for one year. Then 
 he sailed from Melbourne, via Cape Horn, 
 reaching New York after a ninety days' voy- 
 
 In 1855, Mr. Welch located in Chicago 
 where he engaged in the real estate and brok- 
 erage business for five years. 
 
 In 1860 he crossed the plains by the way 
 of Ft. Kearney on the first tri-weekly west 
 bound coach from that place, arriving in Den- 
 ver the latter part of March. He located in 
 Gilpin county, where he employed a large 
 number of men at placer mining in the 
 Nevada and Russell Gulches. Subsequently 
 he engaged in quartz mining on the Kansas, 
 German, and Burrows lodes. For several 
 years he continued his operations in Gilpin, 
 Clear Creek, Park and Boulder Counties, also 
 operating large saw-mills at the same time. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Welch became interested in 
 railroad building. He was one of the pro- 
 jectors and builders of the old Colorado Cen- 
 tral Railroad from Golden up Clear Creek 
 Canon to Georgetown, and to Central City, 
 and from Denver to Cheyenne and Julesburg. 
 It was a great undertaking to finance and to 
 construct this road in those days, as the heavy 
 mountain grades of Clear Creek Canon were 
 a problem to overcome. After this railroad 
 was completed Mr. Welch was vice-president 
 and general manager for several years, when 
 the road was sold and is now a part of the 
 Colorado Southern system. He was also 
 one of the directors of the Santa Fe Railroad. 
 
 Mr. Welch was one of the first to discover 
 coal in Boulder county. In 1877 he sunk the 
 first shaft at Louisville, Boulder county, hav- 
 ing previously discovered a ten foot vein of 
 coal at a depth of two hundred feet. 
 
 When constructing the Colorado Central 
 railroad from Denver to Cheyenne, while 
 boring a well to supply water for the men, this 
 vein of coal was discovered and was subse- 
 quently developed. This was known as the 
 Welch coal mine and was owned and operated 
 
 by him for many years. He was president 
 of the Louisville Coal Mining Company and 
 was one of the principal stockholders. These 
 mines are now operated by the Northern 
 Coal and Coke Company. 
 
 Mr. Welch was a student and promoter of 
 irrigation, of which he was one of the pioneer 
 developers and was the owner of extensive 
 farming interests. In 1878, he was one of the 
 organizers and the president of the Handy 
 Ditch Company of Larimer county. This 
 ditch now irrigates more than twelve thousand 
 acres of land. He had large tracks of farm- 
 ing land in Larimer county, and in one year 
 he raised on his extensive farms, fifty thous- 
 and bushels of grain. In 1880, he built what 
 is known as the Welch Irrigation Ditch, by 
 constructing flumes in the rocks in Clear 
 Creek Canon, and taking the water from 
 Clear Creek, two and one-half miles above 
 Golden and bringing it down almost to Den- 
 
 ver. 
 
 In 1891, Mr. Welch was one of the pro- 
 moters and builders of the Denver, Lakewood 
 and Golden Railroad. He was for many 
 years its president. This is an electric trolley 
 road now, known as the Inter-Mountain 
 Road, operating between Golden and Denver. 
 
 In 1872, Mr. Welch was elected a member 
 of the territorial legislature from Jefferson 
 county, and filled that position with credit 
 to himself and benefit to his constituents. 
 He introduced the bill for the establishment 
 of the State School of Mines at Golden and 
 gave the ground upon which the first building 
 of that institution was built. He took great 
 interest in and worked for the passage of the 
 bill to establish this school, fully appreciating 
 its importance to the mining industry of the 
 state. For many years after the establish- 
 ment of the school, he served as trustee, and 
 was promptly on hand at each session of the 
 legislature, watching and working for the 
 interests of the school. 
 
 Mr. Welch belonged to the Society of the 
 Sons of the Revolution, and was a thirty- 
 second degree Mason. 
 
 Mr. Welch married May 22nd, 1878, 
 Miss Rebecca Jeannette Darrow, daughter 
 of H. S. Darrow of Michigan, a pioneer and 
 one of the leading citizens of that state, and 
 of distinguished colonial descent. 
 
 Mrs. Welch is a Mayflower descendent: 
 She is a member of the Daughters of the 
 American Revolution; the Connecticut So- 
 ciety of Mayflower descendants, and the So- 
 ciety of the Daughters of 1812, and some of 
 the best literary clubs of the state. 
 
 They have two children, Charles Clark 
 and Jeannette Welch, wife of Dr. Henry 
 Strong Denison. 
 
 149 
 
CHARLES BOETTCHER 
 
 150 
 
CHARLES BOETTCHER. 
 
 T> OETTCHER, CHARLES, president of the 
 "^ Colorado Portland Cement Company, 
 and vice-president of the Great Western 
 Sugar Company, was born April 8, 1854, at 
 Coellada, Germany. His father was Fred 
 Boettcher, a merchant of that place. 
 
 The boyhood days of young Boettcher 
 were spent in his native town, where he at- 
 tended school and gymnasium and laid the 
 foundation in mental and physical training 
 that was to carry him to success in the new 
 world. 
 
 At the age of seventeen he landed in 
 America and proceeded almost immediately 
 across the continent. He reached Cheyenne 
 in 1871 and engaged in the hardware busi- 
 ness. At that time it seemed as though the 
 Wyoming city was destined to become the 
 metropolis of the Inter-Mountain region and 
 the pretensions of the cities to the south were 
 jeered at by the citizens of the sister state. 
 But with characteristic German prudence, 
 Mr. Boettcher looked into the future from 
 all angles, and although Cheyenne had the 
 advantage of all Colorado cities in being on 
 the main line of a trans-continental railroad, 
 he decided that the character and energy of 
 the early Colorado citizens, applied to the 
 wonderful natural resources of the state, 
 would enable her to outstrip all rivals. 
 
 Having thus made up his mind, he lost 
 no time in joining his fortunes with Colo- 
 rado, and the next year, 1872, saw him in 
 Greeley, the new colony of eastern settlers 
 that had been but recently organized. The 
 next few years he engaged in business be- 
 tween Greeley and Fort Collins, and in 1874, 
 he moved to Boulder. For five years he re- 
 mained in the latter place, moving again in 
 1879 to Leadville, when news of the won- 
 derful gold discoveries in that camp were 
 given to the world. 
 
 While he had enjoyed uniform success up 
 to this time, it was in Leadville that Mr. 
 
 Boettcher laid the foundations of the for- 
 tune which was to place him in the front 
 rank of Colorado capitalists. He remained 
 in Leadville from .1879 to 1890 and during 
 those years, in which he engaged in mercan- 
 tile business, banking and mining, Mr. Boett- 
 cher steadily prospered. 
 
 During this time Mr. Boettcher had be- 
 come heavily interested financially in Den- 
 ver. He was a large owner of Denver real 
 estate and had invested in banking and other 
 securities of the capital city. In 1890, he 
 moved to Denver, to make that city his per- 
 manent residence. 
 
 It was about the year 1900 that Mr. 
 Boettcher, C. S. Morey and several other far- 
 sighted men of business organized the Great 
 Western Sugar Company and built the first 
 factory for the manufacture of beet sugar. 
 From that beginning the company has grown 
 by leaps and bounds until now there are 
 operated eleven factories, while they own a 
 railroad line and count among their assets 
 a large acreage of the best lands in Colorado. 
 
 Apparently, there is no limit to the busi- 
 ness activities of Mr. Boettcher. Whatever 
 makes for the industrial and commercial 
 development of Denver and Colorado finds 
 him an enthusiastic supporter. 
 
 He was one of the organizers and heaviest 
 stockholders of the Western Packing Com- 
 pany. When the Colorado Portland Cement 
 Company was organized, Mr. Boettcher was 
 one of the most liberal subscribers and was 
 selected as its president. He is also presi- 
 dent of the Cement Securities Companies. In 
 addition to all these engrossing affairs of 
 business, Mr. Boettcher is constantly making 
 investments' in Denver real estate. 
 
 Mr. Boettcher is a member of the Denver 
 Club, Denver Athletic Club, Denver Country 
 Club and Colorado Traffic Club. He is mar- 
 ried and has a son, Claude Boettcher (q. v.), 
 and a daughter, Ruth Boettcher. 
 
 151 
 
CHARLES BREWER KOUNTZE 
 
 CHARLES BREWER KOUNTZE. 
 
 OUNTZE, CHARLES BREWER, banker, 
 born March 4, 1844, in Osnaburg, Ohio, 
 died in Denver, Colorado, November 18, 
 1911, was the son of Christian and Margaret 
 Kountze. His ancestors had been prominent 
 in the establishment of the Reformation in 
 1524. Christian Kountze, his father, a native 
 
 of Saxony, and a Lutheran, as his family 
 had been before him, immigrated to the 
 United States when a young man. Although 
 plain and practical, he was a cultured gen- 
 tleman, a student of the arts and sciences, 
 philosophy, and the higher branches of learn- 
 ing, and was esteemed by all who knew him. 
 
 -152- 
 
The family consisted of twelve children, 
 seven boys and five girls. Two of the sons 
 died in infancy, and another, William, when 
 twenty-three years of age, died in Nebraska. 
 Christian Kountze located in Osnaburg, east- 
 ern Ohio, where he owned a farm and a 
 country store. When his sons, Augustus 
 and Herman, each reached the age of six- 
 teen, he took them into partnership, and they 
 were thus given a practical business educa- 
 tion. When Charles B. Kountze was sixteen, 
 his father also made him a partner, he re- 
 ceiving the same training in good business 
 methods that had been accorded to his older 
 brothers. 
 
 In the meantime, Augustus had proceeded 
 to Iowa, in 1855, and continuing to Omaha, 
 then a small town on the American fron- 
 tier, where he established a small banking 
 institution. Here he was joined by his 
 brother Herman, and later by Luther, the 
 latter serving his business apprenticeship 
 with them, instead of working with his 
 father, as the other brothers had done. 
 
 In the spring of 1862, Luther located in 
 Denver, opening a banking and gold buying 
 office in Walter S. Cheesman's (q. v.) drug 
 store on Blake street, which was the second 
 bank of the Kountze Brothers. This drug 
 store being destroyed in the great Denver 
 fire of April 19, 1863, Mr. Kountze reopened 
 his bank in the mercantile house of Tootle & 
 Leach, and in 1865, was elected city treas- 
 urer of Denver, serving one year. In 1864, 
 when only nineteen years of age, Charles B. 
 Kountze joined his brother, Luther, in Den- 
 ver, becoming a partner in 1866. In the 
 spring of 1864, the Kountze Brothers erected 
 a brick building on the north-west corner 
 of Fifteenth and Market streets, in which 
 their bank was established in a home of its 
 own. In 1866, they organized the Colorado 
 National Bank. They also founded the 
 Rocky Mountain National Bank at Central 
 City, Colorado, from which they later with- 
 drew. Their Omaha branch had already 
 become the First National Bank of that city. 
 In 1867, the Omaha house had established a 
 bank at Cheyenne, which was disposed of 
 later. Charles B. Kountze, in 1866, became 
 a partner in the firm, and assumed control 
 and management of the two banks at Denver 
 and Central City. In that same year, Luther 
 Kountze visited Europe, and, on his return, 
 established in New York City, in 1868, the 
 third great banking house of the Kountze 
 Brothers Luther, Augustus, Herman and 
 Charles B. names all known in banking and 
 financial circles the world over, steady and 
 unshaken amid panics, wars, and commer- 
 cial disasters. 
 
 When the Colorado National Bank was 
 organized in 1866, the officers were as fol- 
 lows : President, Luther Kountze ; vice- 
 president, Joseph H. Goodspead; cashier, 
 Charles B. Kountze. In 1871, Charles B. 
 Kountze was elected president of the Colo- 
 rado National, being succeeded by William 
 B. Berger as cashier. From 1871 until his 
 death, Mr. Kountze remained the president 
 of this bank. He continued through life to 
 retain his interest in the First National at 
 Omaha, and that of the Kountze Brothers, 
 New York City. He has been the promoter 
 of and interested in many large and suc- 
 cessful enterprises in the west; was treas- 
 urer of the old Denver, Texas and Fort 
 Worth railroad; was interested in the con- 
 struction of the Denver, South Park and 
 Pacific road; and also in the building of the 
 Globe Smelter in Denver. He was city treas- 
 urer of Denver, 1868-1871, and for a number 
 of years was treasurer of the Denver school 
 board, but he never sought or aspired to 
 public office. Although interested in many 
 enterprises, yet all of these were secondary 
 with Mr. Kountze, who, first of all, was a 
 banker. He and his brothers all followed 
 that policy, and hence, amid the great finan- 
 cial disasters that have wrecked many an- 
 other and old established institution, the 
 three banking houses of the Kountze Bro- 
 thers have stood firm, safe, and solid. High 
 in the list of those who were empire build- 
 ers in the west, stands the name of Charles 
 B. Kountze. Quiet, unassuming, dignified, 
 but always the genial friend and companion, 
 generous, and public-spirited, he was be- 
 loved in private life by the many who knew 
 him and had the honor of his friendship. 
 
 Mr. Kountze married, in Denver, Colo- 
 rado, September 26, 1871, Miss Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Joseph H. and Mary (Ensign) Esta- 
 brook. Her father was a Denver pioneer, 
 and her ancestors have been among the illus- 
 trious and distinguished families of this 
 country from the colonial period. Mrs. 
 Kountze is descended from William Brad- 
 ford, who came over in the Mayflower, and 
 for thirty-one years was governor of Ply- 
 mouth Colony. Another ancestor was Cap- 
 tain John Ensign, who served with the Con- 
 necticut troops in the American Revolution. 
 Mrs. Kountze is a member of the Society of 
 Mayflower Descendants, Colonial Dames, 
 Daughters of the American Revolution, and 
 United States Daughters of 1812. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Kountze were born the 
 following children: Harold Kountze; Mary, 
 wife of J. D. Skinner; Lina, Mrs. Samuel 
 A. Ritter Brown; and Florence, the widow 
 of J. W. Best. 
 
 153 
 
JOHN KERNAN MULLEN. 
 
 ULLEN, JOHN KERNAN, miller, real 
 estate, and farming, born June 11, 1847, 
 in Ballinasloe, County of Galway, Ireland, 
 was the son of Dennis (born 1806, died in 
 Denver, March, 1886) and Ellen (Mulrey) 
 Mullen. When about nine years of age, he 
 came to this country with his people. The 
 family settled in Oneida county, New York, 
 where he attended the public schools. But 
 
 of the plant, both from the mechanical and 
 financial standpoint. His employers, appre- 
 ciative of industry and sturdiness, steadily 
 advanced him from one position to another, 
 until at the age of twenty, he was placed in 
 charge of the mill as head miller. In that 
 year, he left Oriskany Palls, where he had 
 thus been employed, and started west, mak- 
 ing a brief stay in Illinois. Then, removing 
 
 JOHN KERNAN MULLEN 
 
 early in life, he started out to make his own 
 way in the world, and is a splendid example 
 of the wonderful opportunities for success 
 open to every young man in this country. 
 
 At the age of fourteen, he went to work 
 in a flour mill in Oneida county. He was 
 not only energetic and useful, but made a 
 study of the milling business, picking up the 
 details, here and there, as to the operation 
 
 to Kansas, after stopping for a few months 
 at Atchison, he located at Troy, in that state, 
 where he remained, until he came to Denver 
 in 1871. 
 
 From the very first, he entered upon a 
 career in this city that led to the attain- 
 ment of a high position in business and finan- 
 cial circles. Shortly after his arrival in Den- 
 ver, he was placed in charge of the flour mill 
 
 154 
 
of Shackleton & Davis, Eighth and Curtis 
 streets, now known as the Eagle mill. In 
 1875 he started in business for himself, and 
 leased the Star mill in North Denver, and 
 conducted the business under the firm name 
 of Mullen & Seth (Theodore). In 1876, Mr. 
 Mullen bought his partner's interest, and 
 operated the plant, under the name and style 
 of J. K. Mullen & Company, the "company" 
 being merely nominal. With increasing 
 trade and business, he leased in 1877-1878, 
 the Iron Clad and the Sigler mills, and estab- 
 lished a water power plant. In 1878, he was 
 enabled to broaden his field of operations, 
 and purchased the Excelsior flour mill, 
 Eighth and Lawrence, from John W. Smith. 
 This plant he enlarged and remodeled, con- 
 ducting a successful and prosperous busi- 
 ness until 1885. In 1880, he bought the 
 ground and built the first grain elevator in 
 the state, now known as the Hungarian Ele- 
 vator, which is now operated in connection 
 with the Hungarian flour mills, on Eighth 
 and Wazee streets, and began making the 
 famous Hungarian patent brand of Colorado 
 flour. 
 
 In 1882, he began the construction of the 
 Hungarian flour mills, and installed the 
 roller system of making flour in Colorado. 
 He established here the first roller mills 
 west of the Missouri river, in 1878. In 1885, 
 the Colorado Milling and Elevator Company 
 was organized with J. K. Mullen as general 
 manager. In 1887, he also became the presi- 
 dent of the company. This was but the be- 
 ginning of extensive operations throughout 
 the west, and establishing plants in several 
 states. The Hungarian and Excelsior mills 
 were bought by the company, and others 
 gradually added, until in 1911, they were 
 operating ninety-one mills, elevators, and 
 warehouses, in the several states of Colorado, 
 Nebraska, Kansas, Utah, Idaho and Oregon. 
 Their business aggregates $18,000,000 annu- 
 ally. The invested capital amounts to nearly 
 $5,000,000. Not only has Mr. Mullen pro- 
 moted and carried on this vast business 
 through able financiering, and strong execu- 
 tive force, but has also shown skill and fore- 
 sight, in the selection of his assistants. He 
 knows and understands men. Through ex- 
 perience and ready discernment, he selects 
 the right man for the right place. He has 
 guarded in a most successful manner against 
 the mistake so common in the business 
 world, of attempting to put square pegs into 
 round holes. 
 
 During the past twenty-five years these 
 associated companies have distributed divi- 
 dends each year among their employees, in 
 
 such amounts as the managers thought they 
 were entitled in the earnings. This is volun- 
 tary, on the part of the company, but it is 
 considered just and right that the employees 
 should share part of the earnings. Thus 
 friendly links exist between the company 
 and all those who are in its employ. 
 
 In addition to the milling and flour busi- 
 ness, Mr. Mullen has also engaged in other 
 and large enterprises, and especially in land 
 and cattle. He had more acres of ground 
 under cultivation up to 1910, than any other 
 man in the state, except Governor Benjamin 
 H. Eaton, and was made president of the 
 following companies : J. K. Mullen Land and 
 Cattle Company of Lamar; Tamarack Land 
 and Cattle Company of Logan county; the 
 Harmony Land and Cattle Company of Lo- 
 gan county ; also the Platte Land and Cattle 
 Company of the same county ; and, the River- 
 side Land and Cattle Company of Larimer 
 county. 
 
 Mr. Mullen is a member of the Denver 
 Public Library Association, in which he has 
 taken a special interest, and is in hearty 
 sympathy with all efforts made to reach the 
 masses in library work. He believes that 
 books and periodicals should be easily ac- 
 cessible to the poor. In 1910, he gave a very 
 fine library to the Knights of Columbus, of 
 which he is a member and Past Grand 
 Knight, and handsomely endowed it with a 
 maintenance fund. Mr. Mullen, himself, is 
 a reader and student. His early education 
 was meager, but so soon as he became a suc- 
 cessful business man, and even before he- 
 could well afford it, he was liberal in the 
 purchase of substantial reading matter, and 
 has been a student, not only of business con- 
 ditions, but of events and affairs. His read- 
 ing and study has made him a man of broad 
 and liberal culture. 
 
 He is also a director of the First National 
 Bank, of Denver, and the Denver Railway 
 and Securities Company, and is identified 
 with many prominent financial institutions 
 and enterprises, and was one of the most 
 influential members of the recent city char- 
 ter conventions. He and his family occupy 
 a high position in social and church circles. 
 
 Mr. Mullen married in Denver, October 
 12, 1874, Miss Katharine Smith, and to them 
 have been born the following children: 
 Ellen (Mrs. E. H. Wechbaugh), Mary (Mrs. 
 F. L. Tettemer), Katharine (Mrs. J. Emerson 
 O'Connor), Edith (Mrs. Oscar L. Malo). 
 He and his married daughters all reside on 
 the corners of Ninth and Pennsylvania ave- 
 nue, in their own beautiful homes. 
 
 155 
 
JOHN FRANCIS CAMPION. 
 
 CAMPION, JOHN FRANCIS, mining, 
 born, Prince Edward Island, December, 
 1849, was the son of M. B. and Helen 
 (Fehan) Campion. His parents, native of 
 that island, were of English and Irish an- 
 
 were born to them, of whom M. Brevort be- 
 came a successful ship owner and builder. 
 He built his own vessels in his own ship- 
 yards, and as a captain was able to sail any 
 of his own craft. Not only was he promi- 
 
 JOHN FRANCIS CAMPION 
 
 cestry. For many generations the family 
 had been extensive land owners in England. 
 John Francis Campion, Sr., the American 
 progenitor, came to this country with his 
 wife and children and established a new 
 home on Prince Edward Island, where the 
 father and mother lived to a good old age, 
 he dying at the age of 75, and she at 70. 
 Nine children, four sons and five daughters, 
 
 nent in the commercial life of the island, but 
 was a leading factor in its politics, first as 
 a liberal and later as a conservative. He 
 represented his county home in the Prince 
 Edward Island Parliament. By nature and 
 experience, he took a comprehensive view of 
 all matters of public and general interest, 
 being especially prominent in the adminis- 
 trative affairs of the island. Residing the 
 
 156 
 

 last twenty years of his life in Colorado, he 
 was well known in this state and especially 
 in Leadville, where he lived and died. He 
 married Helen, daughter of Doctor Fehan, a 
 leading physician of Prince Edward Island. 
 Her father lost his life, one stormy winter's 
 night, while crossing the Northumberland 
 Strait, which has a width of nine miles. 
 
 John Francis Campion, the oldest of their 
 four children, became a well-known mining 
 man in Colorado. In 1862, his parents, then 
 residing in California, sent him and his 
 brother back to Prince Edward Island, 
 where they attended the Prince of "Wales 
 College, at Charlottetown. But the brothers, 
 John F., then 17, and George, 15 years of 
 age, became anxious to participate in the 
 civil war in this country, and ran away 
 from college. Coming to the United States, 
 they attempted to enlist in the navy, but 
 only partly succeeded in their scheme. 
 George, because of his youth, was reected, 
 but John F., although only a little older, 
 after passing the necessary examination, was 
 accepted and given a position as assistant 
 quartermaster. He was aboard the ship 
 "Dolphin" and carried to General Sherman 
 the first dispatches he received at Savannah, 
 after completing his famous march to the 
 sea. "With difficulty and danger, the boat 
 made its way into the entrance of the Savan- 
 nah River, owing to the sunken vessels and 
 the conflagration along the wharves, where 
 immense quantities of cotton were burning. 
 
 Mr. Campion returned to California after 
 the war, to visit his parents, then residing 
 at Sacramento. He then became a miner, 
 prospector, and mine owner. The White 
 Pine silver mine was discovered by him in 
 1868, and after obtaining a fair start, lost 
 all he had made, including about $5,000, in 
 this mining venture. Later, he engaged in 
 mining at Eureka, Nevada, developing and 
 selling valuable properties, whereby he ac- 
 cumulated a snug fortune. With his father 
 and brother, he then went to Pioche, Nevada, 
 where he continued in the same line of busi- 
 ness, and there became the owner of the 
 Pioche-Phoenix, a valuable silver mine. The 
 Pioche-Phoenix Mining Company was organ- 
 ized by him, but he was compelled to make 
 a hard fight to retain possession of the prop- 
 erty, as other claimants attempted by force 
 to assert their alleged rights. Mr. Campion 
 succeeded in holding the mine, until the 
 property was finally awarded him by the 
 courts. 
 
 Disposing of his interests in Nevada, Mr. 
 
 Campion followed the rush to Leadville, ar- 
 riving at that new mining camp, in April, 
 1879. Here he continued operating in mines, 
 buying, developing and selling, and also be- 
 coming the owner of valuable interests that 
 he still retains. Mr. Campion became an 
 owner in the Bison, Reindeer, Elk and Ibex 
 (better known as the Little Johnny), which 
 were started by him, and named for animals. 
 In the latter property, he and his partners 
 possess a bonanza, which is known as one 
 of the richest mines in the west, and from 
 which large fortunes have been produced. 
 Mr. Campion has been through many and 
 varied experiences in the west and borne 
 his share of the hardships of a prospector's 
 life, before kind fortune smiled upon his 
 hard struggle. He has made Denver his 
 residence for a number of years, and in 
 1896-1897, built his present palatial home at 
 No. 800 Logan street. 
 
 Mr. Campion was one of the promoters, 
 organizers, and is the president of the Colfr- 
 rado Museum of Natural History, which is 
 one of the most interesting attractions at 
 the City Park. When engaged in mining at 
 Breckenridge, he became acquainted with 
 Professor Edwin Carter, who had made a 
 splendid collection of the fauna of this state, 
 including the bison and many rare speci- 
 mens of natural history. This most valuable 
 group of Rocky Mountain wild animals was 
 in danger of loss by fire, or want of atten- 
 tion, being stored in the cabins of the owner. 
 Mr. Campion, assisted by Mr. Joseph A. 
 Thatcher and others, obtained the old Carter 
 collection, which was made the nucleus for 
 the museum at the City Park. 
 
 He is the general manager of the Ibex 
 Mining Company; president of the Napite 
 Mining Company at Breckenridge; director 
 of the Carbonate National Bank of Lead- 
 ville ; vice-president of Seventeenth Street 
 Building Company, Denver; director of the 
 Denver National Bank ; vice-president of the 
 Denver, Northwestern & Pacific Railway 
 Company (Moffat Road) ; president of the 
 Northwestern Terminal Company; president 
 of the Colorado Museum of Natural His- 
 tory -president of the Municipal Art League ; 
 trustee of the Agnes Memorial Sanitarium, 
 and president of the Big Horn Mining and 
 Cattle Company. He is also a member of 
 the following clubs: Denver Club, Denver 
 Athletic Club and the Denver Country Club. 
 Mr. Campion married, in Denver, April 
 16, 1879, Miss Nellie May, sister of Thomas 
 F. Daly. They have the following children : 
 John F., Jr., Helen, Phyllis, and Roland. 
 
 157 
 
HENRY ROGER WOLCOTT 
 
 158 
 
HENRY ROGER WOLCOTT. 
 
 VWOLCOTT, HENRY ROGER, capitalist, 
 *^ born, Longmeadow, Massachusetts, 
 March 15, 1846, is the son of Samuel (D. D.) 
 and Harriet Amanda (Pope) Wolcott, and a 
 brother of the late Edward O. Wolcott 
 (q. v.), United States Senator from Colorado. 
 Dr. and Mrs. Wolcott were the parents of 
 eleven children. All attained manhood and 
 womanhood, except one. In addition to 
 Henry and Edward, the children were : Sam- 
 uel Adams; Harriet Agnes (Mrs. F. 0. Vaille 
 of Denver) ; the Reverend William Edgar, 
 deceased, of Lawrence, Massachusetts ; Kath- 
 erine Ellen (Mrs. Charles H. Toll of Denver, 
 Colorado. Mr. Toll [q. v] was formerly At- 
 torney General of Colorado) ; Anna Louise, 
 principal of the Wolcott School, Denver, 
 and regent of the University of Colorado ; 
 Clara Gertrude, of Lawrence, Massachusetts; 
 Herbert Walker, of Cleveland, Ohio; and 
 Charlotte Augusta (wife of Captain Francis 
 Bates, U. S. A.). 
 
 Henry R. Wolcott was educated in Provi- 
 dence, Rhode Island, and Cleveland, Ohio; 
 Honorary A. M., Yals, 1896, and Colorado 
 College, 1898. Mr. Wolcott came to Colo- 
 rado in 1869, and for a short time was en- 
 gaged in mining. In the spring of 1870, he 
 became associated with, and later was ap- 
 pointed assistant manager of the Boston and 
 Colorado Smelting Works, that had been 
 established at Black Hawk, and was also 
 in charge of the additional plant, erected 
 at Alma, Colorado, in 1873. Later, and for 
 a number of years, after the construction 
 of the new and larger works by this com- 
 pany at Argo, near Denver, he was the acting 
 manager ; treasurer of the Smelting and Min- 
 ing Company; director, Equitable Life As- 
 surance Society; and, within a few years, 
 reached a front rank in the business life of 
 the west. Among his various achievements, 
 he was largely instrumental in securing Fort 
 Logan as a military post for Denver. It was 
 his personal work and influence that led to 
 the erection of the Boston Building and 
 Equitable Building in Denver. Mr. Wolcott 
 is a charter member of the Denver Club, 
 and for many years was its president. For 
 ten years he was vice-president of the First 
 National Bank of Denver, and is widely and 
 favorably known in financial circles in New 
 York and New England. He is extensively 
 interested in mining enterprises. Mr. Wol- 
 cott was president of the Colorado Telephone 
 
 Company, and vice-president of the Colorado 
 Fuel and Iron Company, for a number of 
 years. His subscriptions have been liberal 
 to all enterprises, having for their object 
 the development and upbuilding of Denver 
 and Colorado. Many educational institutions 
 have felt the kindly influence of his benefac- 
 tions. He has donated liberally to Colorado 
 College, at Colorado Springs; established in 
 1879, the Wolcott Medal for excellence in 
 public reading, for the young ladies of the 
 East Denver High School; and, the Miss 
 Wolcott School of Denver was made possible 
 by reason of his contributions and efforts. 
 
 Mr. Wolcott was also active in politics 
 and prominent in the councils of the repub- 
 lican party. He was elected state senator 
 from Gilpin county in 1878, for a term of 
 four years, serving at the same time with 
 his brother, Edward Oliver, then state sen- 
 ator from Clear Creek county. He was also 
 elected president pro tempore of the senate, 
 an official position ranking next to that of 
 lieutenant governor. Because of this posi- 
 tion, he was called upon, during his term, to 
 serve as acting governor of Colorado. He 
 thus performed the functions of the guber- 
 natorial office, which four of his family had 
 exercised in Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
 Mr. Wolcott was the leading republican 
 candidate before the state convention of his 
 party in 1882, but elements entering into 
 the United States senatorial question caused 
 his defeat, although the popular man for 
 the place. He was defeated for governor in 
 the state election of 1898, not because of any 
 personal unpopularity, but owing to the 
 chaotic conditions that then disturbed Colo- 
 rado and the entire west. His devotion to 
 his brother, Senator Wolcott, is one of the 
 lovely characteristics of his life. He was his 
 brother's friend in adversity, and none re- 
 joiced more in his brother's brilliant success; 
 was his companion on the senator's last 
 European trip, when he sought for the health 
 that came not ; and was with him to the end, 
 when death came to him at the Riviera. 
 
 Henry R. Wolcott is a member of the fol- 
 lowing clubs: Union, Union League and 
 University, New York, and also the Racquet 
 and Tennis, Brook, Lambs, New York 
 Yacht, Larchmont Yacht (New York), At- 
 lantic Yacht, Manhasset, Tavern (Boston), 
 Metropolitan (Washington), and the Denver 
 and University Clubs, Denver. 
 
 159 
 
SAMUEL NEWELL WOOD 
 
 160 
 
SAMUEL NEWELL WOOD. 
 
 T\700D, SAMUEL NEWELL, banker, 
 capitalist, was born at Jordan, Onon- 
 daga county, New York, May 2, 1844, son of 
 Smith "Wood, a farmer, and Rhoda (Hunger- 
 ford) Wood. 
 
 He received a practical education at the 
 village academy at Jordan and first en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business at Syra- 
 cuse, New York, and later removed to Madi- 
 son, Wisconsin, where he secured employ- 
 ment in a bank of that city. 
 
 In 1870 he started west and established a 
 connection with the Colorado National 
 Bank, becoming assistant cashier at the age 
 of twenty-six. He remained with this in- 
 stitution until 1877, when he went to the 
 newly discovered gold camp of Deadwood, 
 South Dakota. There was established in this 
 camp the banking firm of Stebbins, Wood 
 and Post and he became manager. A year 
 later he organized the First National Bank 
 of Deadwood and became its cashier and 
 manager. 
 
 Although the years spent in the Black 
 Hills were profitable, Mr. Wood always re- 
 garded his residence there as merely tem- 
 porary. He still considered Denver his 
 home and four years later he returned to 
 this city. The confidence Mr. Wood felt 
 for the future of Denver proved to be his 
 largest business asset. He knew the city 
 was bound to grow and, with far-sighted 
 wisdom, he staked his accumulations upon 
 that outcome. The result was that in less 
 than a generation he found himself a mil- 
 lionaire. 
 
 Upon returning to Denver Mr. Wood, with 
 Henry R. Wolcott and Colonel D. C. Dodge 
 and others, founded the Merchants ' National 
 Bank. A year later this was merged with 
 the First National Bank and he was made 
 cashier, succeeding George W. Kassler. 
 
 Mr. Wood held the office of cashier with 
 the First National Bank for many years, and 
 always owned the controlling interest of the 
 bank until late in the nineties, when he sold 
 the control of the institution to David H. 
 Moffat. All this time his personal invest- 
 ments in outside properties were increasing 
 and he felt that these interests should re- 
 ceive his exclusive attention. He resigned 
 his position in the bank and disposed of 
 enough of his stock to turn control over to 
 the late David H. Moffat, between whom and 
 Mr. Wood there existed mutual sentiment 
 of high regard. 
 
 Mr. Wood is reputed the largest individ- 
 ual owner of real estate in the city of Den- 
 ver, his holdings including some of the most 
 valuable business locations in the city. 
 
 He served during the administratior 
 Governor Alva Adams as a member of the 
 Denver Board of Public Works. 
 
 Mr. Wood has been a member of the 
 Union League Club of New York and the 
 Chicago Club of Chicago for over twenty 
 years. Is also a member of the Denver 
 Club, the Denver Athletic Club and the Den- 
 ver Country Club. 
 
 He was married, September 30, 1903, to 
 Miss Luella Frizell, daughter of Dr. Frizell 
 of Butler, Mo. They have no children. 
 
WILLIAM ROLAND OWEN 
 
 -162 
 
WILLIAM ROLAND OWEN. 
 
 QWEN, WILLIAM ROLAND, merchant, 
 ^ born Jan. 3, 1852, in Columbus, Dodge 
 county, Wisconsin, was the son of William 
 and Catherine (Jones) Owen. His parents 
 came from Wales, his father coming to this 
 country in 1845, and engaging in farming. 
 
 William R. Owen attended the local 
 public schools until he was thirteen years of 
 age, and then began clerking in stores in 
 Racine, Portage and Fox Lake, in his native 
 state, entering upon the career that has made 
 him the self-made and successful business 
 man that he is to-day. In 1875, he came to 
 Denver and entered the employ of Daniels & 
 Fisher, then the largest dry goods house in 
 the city, at their old place on Larimer street. 
 After remaining with that firm three years, 
 he went to Leadville in 1878, and started for 
 himself, in the dry goods business. Here he 
 also formed a partnership with T. S. Chitten- 
 den, under the firm name of Owen & Chitten- 
 den. He became a prosperous merchant in 
 the great carbonate mining camp. Mr. Owen 
 also was active in the municipal affairs of 
 Leadville, during the chaotic conditions that 
 prevailed during the exciting days of its 
 wonderful mining boom. He was one of the 
 first aldermen of that city. After five and 
 a half years in Leadville, he sold the estab- 
 lishment to Daniels, Fisher & Smith. 
 
 Returning to Denver in 1883, Mr. Owen 
 formed a partnership with A. H. Weber, un- 
 der the name and style of Webber & Owen, 
 engaging in the retail fur business, but later 
 sold to the Babcock Bros. In 1899, he be- 
 
 came interested with the M. J. McNamara 
 Dry Goods Company, was made treasurer 
 and remained with this firm about four years. 
 This company meeting with reverses in the 
 panic of 1893, was closed out to Messrs. 
 Sheedy and Kountze, who retained Mr. 
 Owen as manager. 
 
 In May, 1894, Mr. Owen assisted in or- 
 ganizing this old establishment, at the same 
 time retaining an interest therein, into what 
 is now the Denver Dry Goods Company. 
 He was made the general manager, and the 
 company has grown into the greatest depart- 
 ment store west of Chicago. The original 
 building has been more than doubled, now 
 extending from Sixteenth street back to Fif- 
 teenth. This now mammoth dry goods estab- 
 lishment covers an area of 315, 000 square feet, 
 has 1100 employees, and transacts an annual 
 business of $5,000,000. Mr. Owen, in addi- 
 tion to being general manager, the position he 
 still holds, was also elected vice-president 
 of the company in Oct., 1900. He is the ac- 
 tive head of this great establishment, the suc- 
 cess of which is largely due to his executive 
 ability, tact, and shrewd business judgment. 
 
 Mr. Owen is a member of the Denver, 
 Country, and Traffic Clubs. He married in 
 1882, Miss Amile A., daughter of Joel S. 
 Page, a leading lawyer of Chicago. They have 
 three children: Lucy, wife of Dr. Arthur 
 McGugan; Emile, wife of Mr. Stephen 
 Wheeler; and, William R. Owen, Jr., who 
 with his brother-in-law, Mr. Wheeler, is en- 
 gaged in the fire insurance business. 
 
 163 
 
FRANKLIN GUITERMAN 
 
 164 
 
FRANKLIN GUITERMAN. 
 
 /^UITERMAN, FRANKLIN, General Man- 
 ^"* ager American Smelting & Refining Co., 
 Colorado department, was born March 7, 
 1856. His parents were William Guiterman, 
 a wholesale dry goods merchant, and Rosalie 
 Bettman Guiterman, both natives of Bavaria, 
 Germany. 
 
 Mr. Guiterman was educated in the gram- 
 mar schools and Hughes high school of Cin- 
 cinnati. His collegiate training was had at 
 the Royal School of Mines at Frieberg, Sax- 
 ony, Germany, where he was educated as a 
 mining and metallurgical engineer. 
 
 In 1878, Mr. Guiterman came to Colorado 
 and from that year down to the present time 
 he has been a prominent factor in the mining 
 and smelting industry of the west. His pres- 
 ent position, which is easily the first in his 
 profession in the United States, if not in the 
 world, has been won by years of hard work 
 and close study. His advance has been a 
 steady growth ; his responsibilities increasing 
 with the years and being discharged in the 
 larger places with the same exactitude that 
 characterized his earlier work. 
 
 The year of his arrival in Colorado Mr. 
 Guiterman entered the employ of the Ter- 
 rible Mine and Concentrating "Works near 
 Georgetown as assayer. From Georgetown 
 he went to Leadville, where for four years 
 he filled several positions as assayer and 
 chemist in the mines of that district. From 
 Leadville he went to Wyoming as inspector 
 of copper mines there. Returning a year 
 later he went with the San Juan, taking 
 charge of the sampling works at Silverton. 
 
 The experience thus gained in the differ- 
 ent mining camps of the state where he had 
 opportunity to study and analyze the many 
 grades of ores, stood him in good stead when 
 he accepted the position of superintendent of 
 smelting works at Utah. All the time he was 
 adding to his store of knowledge supple- 
 menting the theoretical training he had re- 
 ceived at Freiberg. 
 
 Upon concluding his connection with the 
 Utah smelter Mr. Guiterman engaged for 
 a number of years in business for himself as 
 a trained expert. During that time he was 
 engaged to make reports upon some of the 
 largest mining, smelting and milling proposi- 
 tions in the country. 
 
 Mr. Gufterman finally decided to return 
 to Colorado and accepted the position of 
 manager of the sampling works of W. J. 
 Chamberlain & Co. He held this position 
 until 1894, when he became manager of the 
 Smelters Clearing House, Denver, which was 
 dissolved in 1895. From 1895 to 1899 he 
 was general manager of the Durango plant 
 of the Omaha & Grant Smelting Co., at Dur- 
 ango. On the formation of the American 
 Smelting & Refining Co., he was made gen- 
 eral manager of the Pueblo plant of the com- 
 pany, which position he held for two years, 
 until the Guggenheim interests were em- 
 braced in the company, when he was pro- 
 moted to the position of general manager for 
 the Colorado department, which position he 
 has held ever since, having during part of 
 that time also been assayist of the Utah de- 
 partment. 
 
 The commanding station occupied by Mr. 
 Guiterman in the smelting industry requires 
 not alone technical and practical knowledge 
 of all classes and grades of ores and the best 
 methods for their handling and treatment, 
 but it calls for executive ability of a high 
 order, a quality which has been developed in 
 Mr. Guiterman. 
 
 Mr. Guiterman is a member of the Uni- 
 versity club, the Denver club, the Denver 
 Country club and the Denver Athletic club, 
 of the Colorado Scientific Society and the 
 American Institute of Mining Engineers. 
 
 He was president of the Colorado society 
 during 1909 and 1910. 
 
 In 1886 Mr. Guiterman married Mary 
 Baylies Sproat, daughter of William C. 
 Sproat of Taunton, Massachusetts. They 
 have one son, Kenneth S. Guiterman. 
 
 165 
 
CHARLES W. WATERMAN 
 
 166 
 
CHARLES W. WATERMAN. 
 
 T\7ATERMAN, CHARLES W., attorney 
 * at law, born at Waitsfield, Vermont, 
 November 2, 1861. His earliest American an- 
 cestor was Richard Waterman, who landed 
 at Salem, Massachusetts, from England, June 
 16, 1629. In 1638 he went to Providence with 
 the band of devoted pilgrims who rallied 
 under Roger "Williams and with him dedi- 
 cated the new colony of Rhode Island to 
 the cause of religious freedom. 
 
 Mr. Waterman's father was John Water- 
 man, born March 4, 1812, died January 22, 
 1892. His mother was Mary A. Leach, 
 daughter of Robert and Sarah A. Leach. He 
 was brought up in the New England atmos- 
 phere, trained to the idea of a serious out- 
 look on life which holds education as man's 
 best heritage. His father was a farmer by oc- 
 cupation. He attended the schools of his na- 
 tive place and w r as graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Vermont in 1885. He then entered 
 the law department of the University of 
 Michigan, receiving his degree of Bachelor 
 of Laws in 1889. That same year Mr. Water- 
 man moved to Denver and entered the office 
 of John F. Shafroth, as a law clerk. 
 
 Mr. Waterman achieved success in his 
 profession from the first. He is now recog- 
 
 nized as one of the leaders of the Colorado 
 bar. For a number of years he was associ- 
 ated with the firm of Wolcott & Vaile, the 
 senior member being Senator Edward 0. 
 Wolcott. Several years before Senator Wol- 
 cott 's death the firm was reorganized and he 
 was taken into partnership, the firm being 
 known as Wolcott, Vaile & Waterman. 
 
 In 1907 Mr. AVaterman withdrew from 
 the firm and has since that time maintained 
 a large suite of offices in the Equitable Build- 
 ing. His practice has been mostly in cor- 
 poration law and he is counsel for several 
 important corporations operating in this 
 state. 
 
 During the session of the Eighteenth Gen- 
 eral Assembly, which ended in a deadlock 
 over the election of a United States Senator, 
 he received a large complimentary vote from 
 the members of his party in the legislature. 
 
 Mr. Waterman has lived at Waitsfield 
 and Burlington, Vermont ; Groton, Connecti- 
 cut, and Fort Dodge, Iowa. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Denver Club, the Denver Country 
 Club and the Denver University Club. 
 
 He was married June 18, 1890, to Miss 
 Anna R. Cook of Burlington, Vermont. 
 
 167- 
 
JUNIUS FLAGG BROWN. 
 
 T> ROWN, JUNIUS FLAGG, merchant, born 
 September 3, 1827, in Conneaut, Ashta- 
 bula county, Ohio, died in Denver, Colorado, 
 August 9, 1908, was the son of Reuben and 
 Betsy Horton (Hill) Brown. His American 
 progenitor in the paternal line was Henry 
 Brown, who emigrated from England and 
 settled in Salisbury, Massachusetts, about 
 1639. Moses Brown, his descendant in the 
 
 Starksboro, Vermont, died at the age of 87, 
 in Denver, in 1889. Her brother, General 
 Charles W. Hill, adjutant-general of Ohio 
 during the administration of Governor Todd, 
 was active in raising and putting into the 
 field the quota of that state in the civil war. 
 In the maternal line, Mr. Brown is de- 
 scended from General Robert Sedgwick, born 
 in England, in 1600, and settled in Charles- 
 
 JUNIUS FLAGG BROWN 
 
 fifth generation, born in East Kingston, New 
 Hampshire, in 1750, and a soldier with the 
 colonists in the Revolution, married Mary 
 Hobbs, of Poplin, New Hampshire, and later 
 moved to Strafford, Orange county, Vermont. 
 Their son, Reuben, born in Strafford, in 1797, 
 early in life located in Conneaut, Ohio, where 
 he engaged in farming. His wife, a daughter 
 of John and Laura (Bushnell) Hill, born in 
 
 town, Massachusetts, June 3, 1636. His an- 
 cestors, at an early period in English history, 
 resided in the mountains that bordered on 
 the counties of Lancashire, Yorkshire and 
 Westmoreland, and suffered during the War 
 of Roses, in the struggles between the houses 
 of York and Lancashire. 
 
 Mr. Junius F. Brown was a member 
 of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution 
 
 168 
 
through the lineage of his ancestor, Moses 
 Brown. 
 
 Reuben and Betsy Horton (Hill) Brown 
 had a family of five children : Junius F. ; 
 Mrs. Adelia Dayfoot, who died in Canada; 
 Mrs. Hannah Gillett; John Sidney; and 
 Charles H., who died in Denver. Junius F. 
 Brown spent his childhood and youth on his 
 father's farm in his native township, obtain- 
 ing his education in the common schools and 
 at the academy. In 1850, he began clerking 
 for a mercantile firm in his native town; 
 removed two years later to Toledo, Ohio, 
 clerking a year in a dry-goods house ; was 
 then engaged about a year by the Lake Shore 
 then employed about a year by the Lake 
 Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad ; then 
 commission merchants, with branch houses 
 both east and west. Removing to Atchi- 
 son, Kansas, in 1857, he engaged in the man- 
 ufacture of lumber for the settlers, his saw- 
 mills being on the Missouri side of the river. 
 Owing to the civil war, he disposed of his 
 business in Missouri and, his teams being 
 idle, sent a train of merchandise to Denver, 
 with his brother, J. Sidney, in charge. In 
 the meantime he continued in charge of his 
 affairs at Atchison, then being engaged in 
 freighting, until 1865, when he became a 
 member of the firm of Drury & Brown, 
 wholesale grocers, at Atchison. Closing out 
 his interests there, Mr. Brown came to Den- 
 ver in 1870, and entered into the wholesale 
 grocer business with his brother, J. Sidney 
 Brown, under the firm name of J. S. Brown 
 & Brother, which became one of the largest 
 and most prosperous establishments in the 
 west. Their first location was on Blake, 
 near Fifteenth street, Denver, removing from 
 that place to "Wazee and Eighteenth in 1876. 
 The firm was incorporated in 1893 as the 
 J. S. Brown & Brother Mercantile Company, 
 with J. S. Brown, president ; J. F. Brown, 
 vice-president; H. R. Brown, secretary; 
 F. S. Brown, treasurer, and F. A. Hall, 
 general manager. The firm erected the 
 first roller flouring mill and elevator in 
 Colorado, on the site of the Crescent Mill ; 
 was also interested in the organization of 
 the Bank of San Juan, Del Norte, Colorado ; 
 also in founding the banks at Alamosa and 
 Durango; and took an active part in the 
 organization of the Denver Tramway Com- 
 pany. In 1882, they engaged in the stock 
 business, known as the Brown-Iliff Cattle 
 Company, with a large ranch at Snyder, 
 Colorado, their herds ranging between the 
 South Platte and Wyoming. J. F. Brown 
 was the president of the company. For 
 fifteen years prior to 1893, Mr. Brown was 
 
 vice-president of the City National Bank of 
 Denver. He was largely interested in the 
 construction of the South Park Railroad; 
 was one of the original proprietors of the 
 Denver, Texas and Fort Worth Railroad; 
 was an incorporator of the Denver Tramway 
 Company; for many years was president of 
 the Riverside Cemetery Association; made 
 large investments in many enterprises, and 
 was recognized as one of the prominent up- 
 builders of Colorado and the west. 
 
 He and his brother, J. Sidney Brown, 
 were in business together during a poriod of 
 forty years, and an example of more har- 
 monious partnership, never existed. In 1900, 
 Mr. J. F. Brown withdrew from the firm and 
 organized the J. F. Brown Investment Com- 
 pany, associating with him his son, H. K. 
 Brown, and his son-in-law, F. S. Titsworth 
 (now of the firm of Pershing & Titsworth, 
 attorneys). He built his art gallery in 1903, 
 to which the public was always welcome. 
 The last ten years of his life were occupied 
 in collecting pictures, and his gallery was 
 one of the choicest in the west. After a 
 long and successful business career, art be- 
 came his recreation and passion. At first, 
 making no pretentions as a collector of paint- 
 ings, yet as the idea grew upon him, he be- 
 came an expert in this line of art, although 
 he made no claims as such. He loved his 
 pictures. They appealed to his aesthetic 
 nature, which was truly in touch with the 
 true, the beautiful and the good. He was 
 ever the friend of the artist, and was always 
 pleased to assist in the loan exhibitions. He 
 was also fond of a good horse, and his was a 
 familiar figure after business hours, driving 
 on the streets of Denver. He was the organ- 
 izer of the Gentleman's Driving Club, where 
 the Country Club now stands. 
 
 Mr. Brown married first, at Conneaut, 
 Ohio, in 1859, Miss Jane B. (born in Can- 
 ada), daughter of John B. Kilborn of that 
 town. She died in 1877, leaving three child- 
 ren, Helen (Mrs. James W. Douglas), Jane 
 M. (Mrs. F. S. Titsworth), and Harry K. 
 Brown, class of 1892, Yale, and now presi- 
 dent of the J. F. Brown Investment Com- 
 pany. 
 
 He married second, on November 28, 1878, 
 at Denver, Mary L., daughter of Marcus B. 
 Brundage, the latter a native of Poughkeep- 
 sie, New York, who removed to Colorado 
 with his family and died in California in 
 1883. Mr. Brundage married Harriet, daugh- 
 ter of Theodore Hudson Parmelee, a descend- 
 ant of a patriot of the Revolution, and a fam- 
 ily that came from England in 1639. 
 
 Of this second marriage was born one 
 child, June Louise Brown. 
 
 169 
 
WHITNEY NEWTON 
 
 170 
 
WHITNEY NEWTON. 
 
 XTEWTON, WHITNEY, lumber and ce- 
 ^ ment manufacturer, with large commer- 
 cial interests, was born at Monroe, Wiscon- 
 sin, April 5, 1858, and is the son of Ezra 
 A. and Ruth A. (Wilbur) Newton. His ear- 
 liest American ancestor was Richard Newton, 
 who came from England in 1638, and settled 
 at Marlborough, Massachusetts. 
 
 Mr. Newton's father was born March 
 23, 1817, and died June 24th, 1878. In life 
 he was a well known and most successful 
 lumberman, and it may be presumed that the 
 son and subject of this sketch inherited his 
 proclivities in that direction. 
 
 His mother is still alive and is a resident 
 of Denver. She is eighty-seven years of age, 
 spends her winters in California and is still 
 in proud possession of all her faculties. 
 
 Mr. Newton came with his father to Den- 
 ver in 1871, and received his preliminary 
 education in the public schools. He was the 
 first public school pupil to leave Denver for 
 college, and is entitled to the honor of being 
 considered the first graduate of the Denver 
 High School. 
 
 From 1875 to 1879, Mr. Newton attended 
 Cornell University, from which institution 
 he was graduated in the latter year, having 
 conferred upon him his A. B. degree. 
 
 Mr. Newton first engaged in business in 
 Denver, and was employed in the City 
 
 National Bank. He later organized and be- 
 came the cashier of The Bank of Brecken- 
 ridge. 
 
 In 1880, he disposed of his banking in- 
 terests and in 1881, engaged in the lumber 
 trade with his brother at Pueblo, and the 
 business there still continues under the man- 
 agement of Wilbur Newton, the son of the 
 subject of this sketch, making the fifth gen- 
 eration to be engaged in the lumber business. 
 
 Mr. Newton was honored by his election as 
 State Treasurer of Colorado, 1903-1904, and 
 served with credit and distinction to himself, 
 party and the state. 
 
 He is a member of the Denver Club, the 
 Denver Country Club, the Motor Club and 
 Overland Park. He is also an active member 
 of the Sons of the Revolution, of the Sons of 
 Colorado; is also a thirty-second degree 
 Mason, a Knight Templar and a member of 
 the Alpha Delta Phi College Society. 
 
 At the present time, Mr. Newton is Vice- 
 President of the Colorado Portland Cement 
 Company; of the Cement Securities Com- 
 pany; of the Pagosa Lumber Company and 
 of the Newton Lumber Company. 
 
 Mr. Newton was married in Ithaca, N. Y. 
 in 1881, to Mary Rose Quigg, daughter of 
 James Quigg of that place. They have five 
 children: Wilbur, James, Whitney, Jr., Rob- 
 ert and George. 
 
 171 
 
MEYER GUGGENHEIM. 
 
 UGGENHEIM, MEYER, merchant and ing salesman of stove polish and glue. In 
 mining and smelting, born February 1, this line of work, he began making a little 
 
 i tr\ T ,o T* rm on W!THTI ^ ^fir*! a v /"i /"ii^irl o 4- T-^o I vi v^ r\-r\ s\fT - *-l rl^w 1 AWA! AM*.M , __ i?__ 1 
 
 +i 
 
 1828, in Langnau, Switzerland, died at Palm 
 Beach, Florida, of pneumonia, March 16, 
 1905, was the son of Simon Guggenheim. 
 
 money, and also developing resourceful op- 
 portunities. By nature he was very inquisi- 
 tive. He was 'always a patient and earnest 
 
 MEYER GUGGENHEIM 
 
 When nineteen years of age, he came to this 
 country, in 1847, with his father and four 
 sisters. From his early years in the old 
 country, his struggle in life and for edu- 
 cation had been against great odds and dif- 
 ficulties. His early career in America was 
 also one of hardship. His father settled in 
 Philadelphia, and soon after, his son, Meyer, 
 the subject of this sketch, became a wander- 
 
 seeker for knowledge, both for its own sake, 
 as well as its commercial value. His inquisi- 
 tiveness developed acquisitiveness, which led 
 to his great fortune. 
 
 While engaged in selling stove polish, he 
 became interested as to what its ingredients 
 might be. Taking a sample of this polish to 
 a friend who was also a chemist, he requested 
 the latter to analyze it for him. Having 
 
 172- 
 
learned the principles upon which it was 
 made, he began to manufacture the product 
 for himself, greatly increasing his profits. 
 He also made a similar investigation as to 
 glue, with a like result. 
 
 From the itinerant vender, he became the 
 merchant, and made a fortune in the importa- 
 tion and sale of Swiss embroideries. In the 
 meantime, a large family was being reared 
 by him, and the elder sons engaged in busi- 
 ness with him. The firm had been known 
 as Guggenheim & Pulaski (H. H.). Now, 
 that he had taken the older sons in with him, 
 he sent Daniel, next to the elder to Switzer- 
 land, to investigate and learn the details of 
 the business. The partnership with Pulaski 
 was dissolved in 1881, and the firm became 
 known as M. Guggenheim's Sons, four of the 
 sons being connected therewith and removing 
 to New York. Daniel Guggenheim, during 
 his stay in Switzerland, rapidly pushed and 
 extended their operations in that country, 
 which, with the increased trade in the United 
 States, caused the firm to be recognized as 
 the largest importers of Swiss embroideries 
 in America. The sons became the same tire- 
 less and indefatigible workers as their father 
 had been before them. They were prosper- 
 ous in business, but their commercial suc- 
 cess was not easily won. Tact, skill, fore- 
 sight, backed by energy and pluck, were the 
 ingredients of their success. 
 
 Incidentally, Mr. Guggenheim was drawn 
 into the mining and smelting business. A 
 friend having obtained an option on a mine 
 in Colorado, requested Mr. Guggenheim to 
 advance him money with which to complete 
 the deal. Mr. Guggenheim refused to do 
 this, but consented to go in with him as a 
 partner, which proposition was accepted by 
 the latter. The mine had been flooded, and 
 although containing valuable ores, could not 
 at that time be worked at a profit. Mr. 
 Guggenheim came west to investigate for 
 himself. This was characteristic of the 
 father, and is now true of the sons. After 
 looking over the condition of the mine, Mr. 
 Guggenheim came to the conclusion that it 
 could be made to pay, and make it pay he 
 did. 
 
 This mine and other investments in this 
 industry, led him into the smelting and 
 refining business. In the meantime, the 
 youuger sons had become associated in these 
 enterprises. They are seven in number, and 
 that today is the meaning of "M. Guggen- 
 heim's Sons." 
 
 As a mining man, Mr. Guggenheim ob- 
 served that the cost paid to the smelters for 
 the treatment of the ores from the mine was 
 heavy, and came to the conclusion that if 
 there was money in it for others, there was 
 also for himself. After investigating this 
 phase of the question, he invested $80,000 in 
 stock in a smelting company at Denver. He 
 sent one of his sons to this smelter, to learn 
 the business, and the practical phases of the 
 industry. 
 
 Branching out into the mining and 
 smelting business, the Guggenheims closed 
 out their affairs as merchants and importers. 
 In 1888, there was erected in Pueblo for 
 them a large smelter, at a cost of about 
 $1,250,000. Their operations then began to 
 extend over the United States and into Mex- 
 ico and South America. They erected the 
 first complete silver-lead smelter in Mon- 
 terey, the plant having a capacity of 30,000 
 tons a month. Larger works were con- 
 structed at Aguas Calientes, and a refining 
 plant was erected at Perth Amboy, New Jer- 
 sey. They now conducted vast enterprises 
 in the United States, old Mexico, and Chile, 
 South America, and were known as the most 
 prominent men in this industry, and when 
 the American Smelting and Refining Com- 
 pany was organized, refused to join it. But 
 in January, 1901, they became a part of the 
 latter corporation, obtaining a controlling 
 interest in the company. 
 
 The Guggenheims were also largely inter- 
 ested in mines, and organized the Guggen- 
 heim Exploration Company to continue this 
 line of work, in which they are now oper- 
 ating in many parts of the world. They 
 also have large investments in railroads, 
 steamship lines, coal mines, and other great 
 enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Guggenheim married, September 5, 
 1853, Miss Barbara Meyers, and to them 
 were born eight sons and three daughters, 
 and on her death, she left surviving seven 
 sons and two daughters. She was a mother 
 devoted to her husband and children, to 
 whom she is a sacred memory. Mrs. Guggen- 
 heim was interested in many charities, which 
 she aided liberally with donations. It is 
 characteristic of the sons to continue finan- 
 cial assistance to those organizations in 
 which she was specially interested, as a me- 
 morial to her. These seven sons, now world- 
 wide as financiers, are : Isaac, Daniel, Murry, 
 Solomon R., Benjamin, Simon (q. v.. United 
 States Senator from Colorado), and William. 
 
 173 
 
JOHN DAVID BEST 
 
 174 
 
JOHN DAVID BEST. 
 
 T>EST, JOHN DAVID, pioneer, Denver 
 *-* commission man and former shipmaster, 
 was born at New Minas, Nova Scotia, Febru- 
 ary 18, 1836. His father was William Best, 
 a cabinet maker. His mother was Ann Best, 
 daughter of David Whitman. His paternal 
 grandfather came from England in 1778 and 
 settled at New Minas. On his mother's side, 
 Captain Best traces his ancestry back to 
 John Whitman, who came to this country in 
 1636 and settled at Weymouth, Massachu- 
 setts, sixteen years after the Pilgrims landed 
 at Plymouth Rock. 
 
 When a young boy, the Best family 
 moved back to the states, settling in Bath, 
 Maine. In this town, which was the home of 
 the American shipbuilding industry when 
 our flag led in the commerce of the world, 
 young Best received his early schooling. 
 From the Avindows of the old schoolhouse the 
 tall masts of the shipping, reflected in the 
 blue waters of the bay, framed a picture in 
 the youth's imagination that was compelling 
 in its summons. The sea called him and, like 
 most of the boys of Bath, he waited impa- 
 tiently for the time when he should sail the 
 ocean wide. 
 
 At the age of fifteen, young Best was 
 stricken with a fever which reduced him phy- 
 sically to such a degree that it was believed 
 he would fill an early grave. But he dis- 
 agreed with the doctors. After the illness 
 had run its course young Best announced his 
 intention of going to sea, and, overcoming 
 parental opposition, he shipped before the 
 mast. 
 
 In his sea-going voyages, Captain Best 
 was shipwrecked three times, but escaped on 
 each occasion. In 1854, at the end of a 
 voyage that found him in New Orleans, he, 
 in company with two friends, made his way 
 up the Mississippi, their plan being to secure 
 berth in the shipping of the Great Lakes. 
 After many discouragements, Captain Best 
 was given a ship and for a number of years 
 he sailed out of Chicago in the grain trade. 
 
 In 1860 Captain Best came ashore and 
 
 went into the ship chandlery business in Chi- 
 cago with J. W. Crawford, an old boyhood 
 friend, as partner. Crawford soon retired 
 and the firm became Best & Dickinson. For 
 more than ten years they did a thriving busi- 
 ness, but in the Chicago fire of 1871, they 
 were practically wiped out, the only thing re- 
 maining being their credit, which was based 
 on a sound reputation for square dealing. 
 To add to the disaster that overtook them, 
 the insurance companies in which their poli- 
 cies were written, went under and their loss 
 was almost complete. 
 
 The excessive toil and anxiety occasioned 
 by the financial reverses of 1871, brought on 
 a recurrence of Captain Best's ailment and 
 the following year he set out for Colorado to 
 secure relief from asthma. The exhilarating 
 climate of the Rocky Mountain region re- 
 stored him to perfect health almost imme- 
 diately and he was able to apply the tireless 
 industry that was characteristic of him to the 
 tasks at hand. Soon he had established a 
 leading wholesale grocery business, to which 
 he added a flour and grain department. 
 
 Following the Leadvilie boom, when the 
 South Park railroad was started toward the 
 new camp, the John D. Best firm did most 
 of the forwarding. In the discharge of this 
 contract, Captain Best led a life of strenuous 
 activity, but the rewards were large. 
 
 For thirty-four years Captain Best con- 
 tinued at the head of his Denver business, 
 but in 1906, at the age of seventy, feeling 
 that he had performed a man 's share of hard 
 labor, he retired, turning the active manage- 
 ment of the business, which still bears his 
 name, over to his son, Charles Fred Best. 
 
 Captain Best was married at Buffalo, 
 New York, in 1860, to the sweetheart of his 
 boyhood days, Martha C. Hooper, of Bath. 
 They had two sons and three daughters: 
 Charles Fred Best, John W. Best, Mrs. 
 George G. Speer, Mrs. J. M. Terry and Lucy 
 Etta Best, who died shortly after the family 
 arrived in Denver. John W. Best, who was 
 born in Denver, died at the age of twenty- 
 five. 
 
 175 
 
HENRY CORDES BROWN 
 
 176 
 
HENRY CORDES BROWN. 
 
 DROWN, HENRY CORDES, capitalist, 
 -*-* born near St. Clairsville, Belmont county, 
 Ohio, Nov. 18, 1820, died March 6, 1906, in 
 San Diego, California, was the son of Samuel 
 and Polly (Newkirk) Brown, and was descend- 
 ed from a partiotic and colonial New England 
 family. His American ancestor was Nicholas, 
 son of Edward and Jane (Lide) Brown of 
 Inkberrow, (lukbarrow), eight miles from 
 Droitwich, Worcestershire, England. Nich- 
 olas was made a freeman at Lynn, Sep. 7, 
 1638, and a representative to the General 
 Court in 1641, and in 1644, removed to Read- 
 ing, Massachusetts, where he died Aug. 5, 1673. 
 He was known as a public spirited man in the 
 affairs of the town and colony. His son 
 Cornelius Brown, resident of Reading, mar- 
 ried, in 1665, Sarah, daughter of William (of 
 Ipswich, who died Feb. 1, 1659) and Sarah 
 Lampson. Their son, Samuel Brown, born 
 Sept. 18, 1675, died 1722, a native of Reading, 
 was a gentleman of high standing, who at the 
 time of his death was wealthy for those days. 
 His wife Mary, who died in 1778, took charge 
 of the estate, which she successfully managed 
 during a widowhood of more than fifty years. 
 Elisha, their son, born Dec. 12, 1715, died 
 1756, married May 17, 1744, Elizabeth, born 
 March 8, 1720, died Sept. 9, 1818, daughter 
 of Simon and Hannah (Potter) Davis, a de- 
 scendant of Dolor (1600-1673) and Margery 
 (Willard) Davis. Elisha Brown moved to 
 Cambridge in 1744, where he married Eliza- 
 beth Davis. To the wealth inherited from 
 his father, he also added another fortune and 
 died in Acton. They were the parents of 
 four children, Hannah, Mary, Samuel, and 
 Elisha. 
 
 Samuel, their third child, who was the 
 father of Henry C. Brown of Denver, was 
 born Oct. 12, 1749, probably in Cambridge, 
 but enlisted from Acton in the American 
 Revolution, in which he held the rank of 
 2nd lieutenant, Capt. Patch's Company, Col. 
 William Prescott's regiment. He partici- 
 pated in the engagements at Bunker Hill and 
 Concord, and was at the siege of Boston. He 
 was also in the Arnold expedition to Quebec, 
 where he was wounded and taken prisoner, 
 but paroled in Sept., 1776, and sent home. 
 In 1800, when 51 years of age, Samuel Brown 
 removed to St. Clairsville, Ohio, where he 
 died in 1828, and was buried with military 
 honors. 
 
 Henry C. Brown, through his grandmother 
 Elizabeth (Davis) Brown, is also descended 
 from old colonial stock. Her American an- 
 cestor, Dolor Davis, born in England in 1600, 
 died in Barnstable, 1673, married in England, 
 
 Margery, daughter of Maj. Simon Willard. 
 Their son, Lieut. Simon Davis (1636-1673) 
 married Mary, daughter of James Blood, and 
 their son, Dr. Simon Davis, of Concord, born 
 1660, married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry 
 and Eleanor (Hopkinson) Woodhouse. Their 
 son, Simon Davis, of Concord, born Sept. 7, 
 1692, married, June 1, 1719, Hannah Pot- 
 ter (1690-1782), and they were the parents 
 of Elizabeth (Davis) Brown. Through this 
 line he is a descendant of Luke Potter (died 
 1697), who married in 1644, Mary, daughter 
 of Walter Edmonds. Judah Potter, their 
 son, and father of Hannah (Potter) Davis, 
 married Grace, daughter of Captain Joshua 
 and Hannah, born 1636, (Mason) Brooks. 
 He was the son of Captain Thomas Brooks, 
 and she the daughter of Captain Hugh and 
 Esther Mason. In these ancestral lines, 
 Henry Woodhouse, who died in Concord in 
 1700, was a representative to the General 
 Court, in 1635, and 1690-92, and an officer 
 in Phips expedition of 1690. Captain Hugh 
 Mason, who died in Watertown, 1678, was 
 among its first settlers, and was made a free- 
 man in 1635; was a representative to the 
 General Court ten terms; selectman twenty- 
 five years; lieutenant, 1649; captain, 1652; 
 commissioner, whose duty was to try small 
 cases before days of a justice of the peace. 
 Captain Mason at the age of 28 and his wife 
 Esther, 22, came to Boston in the "Francis," 
 from Ipswich county, Suffolk, England, April 
 1634. When in advanced years, he com- 
 manded his company in King Philip's War. 
 
 Samuel, the father of Henry C. Brown, 
 married first, a daughter of Maj. Daniel 
 Fletcher, a gallant officer in the American 
 Revolution; second, Polly Newkirk, and of 
 this last marriage, Henry C. was born, his 
 mother dying when he was two years of age, 
 and at seven he was left an orphan on his 
 father's death. 
 
 Henry C. Brown was educated in the com- 
 mon schools, and at the Franklin Brooks 
 Academy, St. Clairsville, remaining on a 
 farm where he was apprenticed to a family 
 named Carroll until 16. Later, learning the 
 carpenters trade, as well as the business of an 
 architect, he became an assistant to his 
 brother, Isaac Brown, architect and builder, 
 St. Louis, until 1852. He then crossed over- 
 land to California, driving an ox team, walk- 
 ing nearly all the way, making the journey 
 in 110 days, to Hangtown, now Placerville, 
 California. After a brief stop, he went to 
 San Francisco, and a few weeks later to Port- 
 land, Ore. A month later going up the Co- 
 lumbia river, then crossing by land to the 
 
 177 
 
Williamette, thence to Olympia and Puget 
 Sound country. There he formed a co- 
 partnership with Roads and Peabody, and 
 located and began the construction of a saw 
 mill at the mouth of Whatcom river, empty- 
 ing into Bellingham Bay, and for eight months 
 engaged in the lumber business. Returning 
 to San Francisco, he resumed the occupation 
 of architect and builder, for three years, 
 erecting some of the finest buildings of that 
 period, including that of a bank, then the 
 best structure in the city. Then going to 
 Oroville and engaging in the building and 
 the commission business, he accumulated 
 $6,000 in six months. Returning to San 
 Francisco again, he sailed in the clipper ship, 
 "Golden Eagle," for Peru, South America, 
 intending to go into business there. But his 
 partner failing to arrive, he, after touring Lima 
 and Calleo for 60 days, again sailed, taking 
 voyage via Cape Horn for Hampton Roads, 
 Va. ; from there, visiting Baltimore, Phila- 
 delphia, New York, Chicago, he returned to St. 
 Louis, Missouri May 3, 1858, after an absence 
 of five years. He took passage a few days later 
 up the Missouri river to Sioux City. Then re- 
 moving to Decatur, Nebraska, remaining about 
 two years, making investments and build- 
 ing a hotel. After heavy financial reverses, 
 he removed to St. Joseph, Missouri, July 
 1, 1859. Leaving the latter place during the 
 year with his wife and one child (James H. 
 Brown, now a leading Denver lawyer), and 
 all of his worldly goods, and crossing the 
 plains with an ox team, he arrived in Denver 
 June 10, 1860. Again he became the archi- 
 tect, builder and carpenter. The first build- 
 ing he erected in this city, was a structure 
 on Cherry Creek used by the M. E. congre- 
 gregation for a church until it was washed 
 away by the flood of May 4, 1864. Two 
 weeks before the flood he had removed to 
 his pre-emption claim, taken up in 1863, a 
 tract of land later known as Brown's addi- 
 tion to the City of Denver, which later be- 
 came the fashionable residence section of the 
 city. Ten acres out of the heart of this 
 tract Mr. Brown donated for a building site, 
 where now stands the magnificent Colorado 
 State Capitol Building. This ten acre tract 
 is now worth about a million dollars, and the 
 original pre-emption claim, about $25,000,000. 
 The Brown Palace Hotel, erected by Mr. 
 Brown on this old tract, 1889-1892, cost more 
 than $1,600,000. This handsome structure, 
 built of granite, brown sandstone, and onyx, is 
 nine stories high, and was completed in time for 
 the Knight Templar Triennial Conclave, held 
 for the first time in Denver, August, 1892. In 
 1873, he built the beautiful mansion later 
 
 known as the "Tabor" residence, the finest 
 in the city at that time. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Brown became the owner of 
 the Denver Tribune, which he sold in 1875, 
 the paper being later absorbed by the Denver 
 Republican. During his control of the Tri- 
 bune, Mr. Brown was fearless in his editorial 
 policy, denouncing wrongs as he saw them, 
 whether emanating from those of either high 
 or low degree. In this way he aroused op- 
 position which caused him some trouble later, 
 but with that grit and determination that 
 always characterized his life, he triumphed 
 over all obstacles. When Mr. Brown pur- 
 chased the Tribune, it was a small paper, with 
 poor equipment, and was published on a 
 hand press. He erected a four storied build- 
 ing for the paper, corner of 16th and Market, 
 and purchased modern machinery and type. 
 The Tribune then started upon that brilliant 
 career which later brought to its staff Eugene 
 Field, Bill Nye, and other writers of national 
 reputation. In the corner room of the first 
 floor of his Tribune building, he and Mr. C. 
 D. Gurley also established a bank. 
 
 Mr. Brown was a charter member of the 
 old Board of Trade. He was also a member 
 of the company organized to build the first 
 railroad to Denver the Denver Pacific, be- 
 tween Denver and Cheyenne; was associated 
 with the interests that developed the present 
 Denver City Tramway Company; assisted in 
 establishing the Bank of Denver; and, gave 
 the first $1,000 to found the Denver City 
 library. 
 
 The builder and promoter of great 
 enterprises, a liberal patron to public and 
 private institutions, Henry C. Brown stands 
 among the foremost in Colorado history, and 
 as an empire builder for the entire west. He 
 had the honor of being a real Son of the Revo- 
 lution, his father Samuel, often being known 
 as "Bunker Hill" Brown. He took a deep 
 interest in the work of the Sons of the Revo- 
 lution, of which he was a member, and kin- 
 dred organizations. 
 
 Henry C. Brown married first, Anna L., 
 daughter of John Inskepp, in 1841, at St. 
 Clairsville, Ohio. She died Jan. 5, 1854, 
 leaving issue of this marriage two children: 
 Anna M. (wife of Hubert R. Green, of Den- 
 ver), born May 3, 1842; and, Benjamin F. 
 Brown, born in Dec., 1843. 
 
 He married second, Aug. 3, 1858, in De- 
 catur, Neb., Jane Cory, daughter of the Rev. 
 James Thompson, of Canandaigua, N. Y. 
 They had three children: James Henry, (q. v.) 
 born in St. Joseph, Mo. Sept. 3, 1859; Carrie 
 Marcia (wife of Robert T. Cassell), born 
 July 18, 1868, in Denver, Colo; and Sherman 
 Thompson, born July 3, 1871 in Denver, and 
 died Sept. 14, 1906. 
 
 178 
 
JESSE FLOYD WELBORN. 
 
 VJL7ELBORN, JESSE FLOYD, president 
 W Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., was born 
 March 9, 1870 at Ashland, Nebraska, son of 
 John Wesley and Jennie Roberts Welborn. 
 His father was a farmer and he grew up amid 
 the wholesome surroundings of farm life. 
 At the age of seventeen, equipped with a com- 
 mon school education, he entered the state 
 bank at Indianola, Nebraska, remaining there 
 for three years, from 1887 until 1890. 
 
 In August of 1890, Mr. Welborn came to 
 Colorado and entered the employ of the Colo- 
 rado Fuel & Iron Company. 
 
 The growth of the Colorado Fuel & Iron 
 Company was rapid in the last decade of the 
 nineteenth century, and as the organization 
 
 enlarged, Mr. Welborn grew and developed 
 with it, advancing through regular stages to 
 general sales agent in 1899. 
 
 Mr. Welborn worked directly under Mr. 
 A. C. Cass, who was connected with the 
 C. F. & I. Co., and waaso infmentialin its de- 
 velopment from 1888 to his death in 1903. 
 On the death of Mr. Cass, Mr. Welborn suc- 
 ceeded to his position of Vice-President in 
 charge of sales and traffic and in 1907, was 
 elected to the presidency to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of Frank J. Hearne. 
 
 Mr. Welborn was married at Milwaukee 
 in June, 1903. He has one son and one 
 daughter. He is a member of the Denver 
 Club and the Denver Country Club. 
 
 179 
 
WILLIAM EARTH 
 
 180 
 
WILLIAM EARTH. 
 
 1DARTH, WILLIAM, capitalist, born in 
 *-* Dietz, Nassau, Germany, Dec. 8, 1829, 
 is the son of George Barth and Mina Barth. 
 He immigrated to the U. S. in 1850, arriving 
 in New Orleans in a penniless condition. He 
 soon found work at his trade as a shoemaker, 
 the occupation he had followed in the old 
 country. Owing to the climate, he was taken 
 sick, and after spending several months in a 
 hospital, he went up the river by boat to 
 St. Louis, and then to Belleville, 111. He re- 
 moved to Glasgow, Mo. at the end of a year, 
 with the hope of there finding an elder brother, 
 Chas. Barth, who had preceeded him two 
 years in coming to this country, and was 
 killed by Indians on his way to California. 
 At Glasgow, it was learned that his brother 
 had followed the gold rush to California in 
 1850, from whence he never returned. Mr. 
 Earth's next move took him from Glasgow 
 to Bellville, Mo., where he engaged in the 
 boot and shoe business with his brother, 
 Moritz, who had also preceded him to the 
 U. S. The civil war had now broken out, and 
 the Barth Brothers being union men and op- 
 posed to slavery, their sentiments were ob- 
 noxious to the pro-slavery element that con- 
 trolled in that part of Missouri. Whereupon, 
 they decided to leave the state and migrate 
 to the Rocky Mountain region. Crossing the 
 Missouri river June 2, 1861, William Barth, 
 with his brother Moritz, then started across 
 the plains in an ox wagon. Arriving in Colo- 
 rado, they went to California Gulch, then a 
 placer mining region, where Leadville was 
 later established. Here he remained a few 
 months, returning to St. Louis in the fall, 
 where he engaged in manufacturing nail boots 
 for the Pike's Peak trade, and was soon there- 
 after joined by his brother, Moritz. They 
 continued in this business until 1862, when 
 they again recrossed the plains, with two 
 wagons, William going to Fairplay in Park 
 county, and Moritz to Montgomery, at the 
 head of the South Park. 
 
 William Barth later went to 111., where he 
 spent the winter, returning to Denver in 
 May, 1863, a few days after the great fire of 
 that year. Together with his brother, Mor- 
 itz, he again resumed his boot and shoe busi- 
 
 ness in very narrow quarters on Blake street. 
 Only a small space could be obtained between 
 two buildings, which he roofed. The confines 
 of the little shop were so close that William 
 Barth could stand in the center and reach 
 to the side walls. Building up a successful 
 trade they removed to better and more com- 
 modious quarters, No. 232 Fifteenth street, 
 between Holladay (Market) and Blake. Here 
 for many years they conducted a large store 
 and prospered in business. William Barth 
 was thrifty and enterprising. He then pre- 
 dicted the splendid future that awaited Den- 
 ver, and as rapidly as his means would permit, 
 invested in real estate, engaged in banking, 
 and promoted other enterprises that were 
 successful and brought him wealth. William 
 Barth became one of the principal stockholders 
 when the City National Bank was organized 
 in Denver; also a stockholder in the Bank of 
 San Juan, at Del Norte, and in a bank at 
 Cripple Creek, one at Alamosa, and another 
 at Durango. He was vice-president of the 
 City National Bank in Denver, and a di- 
 rector in the San Juan Bank. Mr. Barth was 
 one of the promoters of the Denver & South 
 Park Railroad Company, of which he was a 
 director and a heavy stockholder, also of the 
 D. & N. O.Ry., and the C.C. Short Line, and put 
 the first $10,000 in the Kansas Pacific. In 
 1867-68, he was a member of the Denver Board 
 of Aldermen. He went abroad the year of the 
 Vienna exposition with his family, traveling 
 especially in Austria, Germany and Switzer- 
 land. 
 
 In later years, Mr. Barth has greatly in- 
 creased his real estate holdings in Denver, at 
 the same time being prominently identified 
 with other business enterprises. The large 
 and imposing "Barth" block bears his name. 
 His last important real estate transaction 
 was the purchase of the Equitable building, 
 estimated to be worth $1,250,000. 
 
 Mr. Barth married, first, in Parkeville, 
 Mo., in May, 1858, Miss Anna Nell, who died 
 in Denver, leaving two daughters. 
 
 He married , second, in October, 1867, Miss 
 Charlotte Kaempfer of Chicago, by whom he 
 had one son, Charles J. Barth (q. v.) 
 
 181 
 
CHARLES HANSEN TOLL 
 
 CHARLES HANSEN TOLL. 
 
 ''TOLL, CHARLES HANSEN, Attorney 
 General, Colorado, born in Onondaga 
 county, New York, April 26, 1850, died in 
 Denver, Colorado, December 4, 1901, was 
 the son of Abel Hyde and Sarah E. (Mitch- 
 
 ell) Toll. His earliest American ancestor, 
 in the paternal line, was Karel Hansen Toll, 
 of Dutch stock, who settled near Schenec- 
 tady, New York. On his mother's side, the 
 Mitchell family early settled in Connecticut, 
 
 182 
 
and was of English descent. His father, 
 Abel H. Toll, a farmer, was also a native of 
 Oiiondaga county, and when his son, Charles 
 H., was still quite young removed to Bald- 
 winsville, New York, near Syracuse. Here 
 the latter attended the Baldwinsville Acad- 
 emy, until 1867, when he entered the Munro 
 Collegiate Institute, at Elbridge, New York. 
 In 1868, he matriculated at Hamilton Col- 
 lege, from which he was graduated in 1872, 
 with the degree of A. B. In connection with 
 the regular curriculum, he attended a course 
 of law lectures, having previously decided 
 to follow the legal profession. After study- 
 ing law in the office of Senator Hiscock at 
 Syracuse, he was admitted to the bar in that 
 city, where for a short time he was engaged 
 in practice, with gratifying results. 
 
 Mr. Toll came to Colorado in 1875, lo- 
 cating in Del Norte. He rose rapidly in 
 public esteem and in 1876 was elected county 
 judge of Rio Grande county, although but 
 twenty-six years of age. In 1878, he was 
 elected on the republican ticket, a member 
 of the house of the Colorado General Assem- 
 bly, of which he was one of the ablest mem- 
 bers. He was active in assisting in the elec- 
 tion of the Honorable N. P. Hill to the United 
 States Senate and in advocating the enact- 
 ment of salutary and sound legislation. 
 
 In 1879, Mr. Toll was appointed Assist- 
 ant United States District Attorney. The 
 ability that he had shown as a judge, legis- 
 lator, and as assistant to the United States 
 District Attorney, together with his high 
 standing as a lawyer, rapidly brought his 
 name into political prominence. The repub- 
 lican state convention, in 1880, nominated 
 him for Attorney General, and he was 
 elected to that office, by a handsome ma- 
 jority. 
 
 After this election, he removed to Den- 
 ver, and made it his permanent residence 
 during the rest of his life. Among the many 
 important matters that required his official 
 attention, was the litigation then pending, as 
 to the title of the state to the Capitol build- 
 ing site. In October, 1881, he argued this 
 case, in the United States Supreme Court, 
 in behalf of Colorado, and the title of the 
 state thereto was confirmed. As the deci- 
 sion rendered in this case perfected the title, 
 the grounds of the present Capitol building 
 will remain as a monument to his memory, 
 in the victory that he won. He conducted 
 his department in the state government not 
 only with ability, but also with the strictest 
 economy. 
 
 On retiring as Attorney General, he re- 
 sumed the regular practice of the law, in 
 which he represented some of the most im- 
 portant business interests in the state. He 
 made a specialty of corporation, mining, and 
 commercial law, in which he was pre-eminent 
 and successful. Among his clients were C. B. 
 Kountze, Dennis Sheedy, and the Globe 
 Smelter, the Enterprise Mining Company, 
 and the Travelers Insurance Company. Mr. 
 Toll was also very active in the formation 
 of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. In 
 addition to his ability as a lawyer, he was 
 known both in the practice of the law, in 
 business, and in private life, as a man of 
 the highest honor and integrity. 
 
 In connection with the law, he was also 
 engaged in mining and other enterprises, in 
 which he was successful, in the San Juan, 
 in Colorado, and in New Mexico. He was 
 president of the Denver Land Company, and 
 the Community Ditch Company, represent- 
 ing important agricultural interests in the 
 vicinity of Denver. He was a member of 
 the Denver Club, and one of the charter 
 members of the University Club, of which 
 he was president in 1899-1900. College 
 friendships and ties with him were strong 
 and lasting, from the old days when he was 
 a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity at 
 Hamilton to his later associations with uni- 
 versity men in Denver. Being of a genial 
 nature and an amiable companion, he was 
 always readily approachable. This was one 
 of the elements that brought him success. 
 He had hardly been at Del Norte, Colorado, 
 a year, before he was elected to office. He 
 possessed that bearing and presence that at- 
 tractd men to him, and the friendships made, 
 he always held. Popular as an after dinner 
 speaker, tactful and versatile as a toast- 
 master, he was a charming guest or pleasing 
 host. Although always the clear headed law- 
 yer, and the shrewd and far-seeing man of 
 business, he was sympathetic and generous. 
 
 Mr. Toll married at Denver, in 1880, Miss 
 Katharine E. "Wolcott, sister of the Honor- 
 able Henry R. (q. v.) and the late Senator 
 Edward 0. Wolcott (q. v.). The four sons 
 born to them are : Charles H. Toll, Jr., now 
 Professor of Philosophy at Amherst College, 
 and Ph. D., Freiburg, Germany ; Roger Wol- 
 cott Toll, civil engineer, Denver Tramway 
 Company; Henry Wolcott Toll, attended 
 Harvard Law School, and now (1911) at 
 Denver University ; and Oliver Wolcott Toll, 
 twenty years of age, and now (1911) in his 
 junior year at Williams College. 
 
 183 
 
JOHN LLOYD McNEIL 
 
 JOHN LLOYD McNEIL. 
 
 X/T XJ EIL > JOHN LLOYD, banker, born lands in Scotland. Torquille McNeil, the 
 
 * VIC IN May 8, 1847, in Owego,Tioga county, common ancestor, was the keeper of the Cas- 
 
 New York, is the son of Stephen and Mary tie Sween, before 1449. The American an- 
 
 C. (Goodsell) McNeil. His ancestors came cestor, Archibald McNeil, came to Connect!- 
 
 from the ancient clans of the West High- cut about 1745, and settled near Stamford. 
 
 184 
 
On the maternal side, Mr. McNeil is de- 
 scended from John Brownson, of England, 
 who settled at Hartford in 1636, with 
 Thomas Hooker, and removed to Farming- 
 ton in 1641, where he was one of the "Seven 
 Pillars of the Church" organized in 1652. 
 His son, Samuel, was one of the first twelve 
 settlers of New Milford, Connecticut ; was 
 the first justice of the peace and judge of 
 New Haven county, also a member of the 
 Governor's Court; was the first deacon of 
 the first church, and one of the most widely 
 known men of his time. 
 
 Mr. McNeil's great-grandfather, Ser- 
 geant Isaac Brownson of Connecticut (born 
 1758), was a private in Captain Bostwick's 
 company, Colonel Charles "Webb's regiment, 
 1775, reorganized in 1776, as the Nineteenth 
 Continental Regiment; marched from Bos- 
 ton under Washington (via New London and 
 vessels through the Sound) to New York, 
 and served in that vicinity from April to the 
 close of the year; was in the battles of 
 White Plains, Trenton and Princeton. He 
 was one of Bostwick's men who crossed the 
 river to Trenton, on December 25, 1776. 
 
 Mr. McNeil was educated at the Owego 
 Academy, and came to Denver May 1, 1870, 
 and upon the advent of the Denver Pacific 
 Railway, a few months later, became chief 
 clerk and cashier in the freight office, af- 
 fording him a wide acquaintance with Colo- 
 rado business men. He entered the Colorado 
 National Bank early in 1871, serving as pay- 
 ing and receiving teller until January, 1876. 
 At that time, he opened the Bank of San 
 Juan at Del Norte, in company with Alvin 
 B. Daniels, Junius F. and J. Sidney Brown, 
 and William and Moritz Barth, under the 
 firm name of Daniels, Brown & Company. 
 The partnership was unlimited, and the firm 
 was stronger financially than any bank or 
 business house then operating in Colorado. 
 The bank was later moved to Alamosa. A 
 branch was established at Durango in 1880, 
 now the First National Bank of that city, 
 with Mr. McNeil as its vice-president. This 
 bank has successfully withstood all panics, 
 and is now recognized as one of the most 
 reliable financial institutions in the state. 
 While connected with the banks at Del 
 Norte and Alamosa, Mr. McNeil began to 
 make investments in the San Luis valley 
 and the southwest, developing many inter- 
 ests in that part of Colorado. In September, 
 1883, at the request of prominent business 
 
 men in Leadville, Mr. McNeil removed to 
 that city, where he established the Carbon- 
 ate Bank, which is still in successful oper- 
 ation. The strain upon his nervous system 
 being too severe at that altitude, Mr. McNeil 
 resigned as president of the Carbonate Bank 
 in 1887, and removed to Denver, where he 
 became the representative of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Lead Company of Pittsburgh, pur- 
 chasing silver and other bullion to the extent 
 of millions of dollars annually. 
 
 In 1888, he purchased an interest in the 
 State National Bank, Denver, which was 
 largely increased, until the panic of 1893, 
 when, with five or more banks in this city, 
 it closed, but soon after re-opened, went into 
 voluntary liquidation and paid off its de- 
 positors in full. He was president of the 
 Denver Clearing House Association in 1891; 
 was one of the organizers and a director in 
 what is now the Globe Smelting Plant of 
 the American Smelting and Refining Com- 
 pany, and was one of the organizers and 
 builders, and also the secretary of the Rio 
 Grande Southern Railroad. In 1909, he or- 
 ganized the Durango Trust Company, of 
 which he is president. 
 
 Mr. McNeil married, September 2, 1879, 
 Ella Agnes, daughter of John J. Y. Thomp- 
 son, who was prominently identified with the 
 early history of Western Pennsylvania. 
 Wherever they have resided, Mr. and Mrs. 
 McNeil have been actively identified in pro- 
 moting the best conditions in church, civic 
 and club affairs. 
 
 Mr. McNeil is a Presbyterian. Although 
 still engaged in business at Durango, he re- 
 tains Denver as his residence. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Denver Club, Denver Country 
 Club, Denver Athletic Club, Durango Club, 
 Rocky Mountain Club of New York, Colo- 
 rado Society Sons of the Revolution (vice- 
 president), and was a founder and governor 
 of the New York society; is a member of 
 the Colorado Scientific Society, the Sons of 
 Colorado and the San Juan Pioneers' Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 During forty years, Mr. McNeil has been 
 connected with the banking interests of this 
 state. Sterling integrity, good business judg- 
 ment, combined with firmness and tact, are 
 qualities that have enabled him to become 
 a successful and prosperous business man. 
 Personally, he is held in high esteem, his 
 genial disposition making for him friends 
 of all with whom he comes in contact. 
 
 185 
 
HENRY MYRON BLACKMER 
 
 186 
 
HENRY MYRON BLACKMER. 
 
 QLACKMER, HENRY MYRON, lawyer, 
 *-* born in Worcester, Mass., July 25, 1869, 
 is the son of Francis T. (1840-1884) and 
 Abbie E. (daughter of W. P. and Ann Daniels) 
 Blackmer. His ancestors came to this 
 country in the early days of the colonial per- 
 iod. He is descended from Daniel Wilmont, 
 1643; James Robinson, 1620; and Aaron 
 Stark. 
 
 After a high-school education in his na- 
 tive city, he entered upon the study of the 
 law, the profession followed by his father, 
 and began the nractice of the same in Colo- 
 rado Springs, Colorado, in 1890. His legal 
 ability was quickly recognized, and he became 
 District Attorney for El Paso county, 1893-6. 
 
 Since 1904 he has been president of the Crip- 
 ple Creek Central Railway Company, and on 
 the death of David H. Moffat (q. v.) he suc- 
 ceeded to the presidency of the International 
 Trust Company of Denver. He resided for 
 a time in New York City between 1900 and 
 1910. 
 
 Mr. Blackmer is a member of the Denver 
 Club, and the Country Club, Denver; the 
 El Paso Club and Cheyenne Country Club, 
 Colorado Springs; also the Union League, 
 Whist, and Automobile Club of America, 
 City Lunch Club, N. Y. 
 
 Mr. Blackmer married Miss Lucy Carter. 
 They have two children, Myron K and Mar- 
 garet G. 
 
 -187 
 
RODNEY CURTIS 
 
 -188- 
 
RODNEY CURTIS. 
 
 /CURTIS, RODNEY, capitalist, born in 
 Maine, Broome county, New . York, 
 January 17, 1839, was the son of John (a 
 farmer) and Bethia Curtis Monroe. His lin- 
 eage is linked with distinguished families of 
 the colonial period. Mr. Curtis is eighth in 
 descent from Major Simon Willard (1605- 
 1776), who was one of the founders of Con- 
 cord, Massachusetts ; a deputy to the Gen- 
 eral Court, 1636-1654 ; and an assistant, 1654- 
 1676. He commanded the expedition of the 
 United Colonials against the Nyantics; led 
 the heroic relief at the battle of Brookfield, 
 and commanded a Middlesex regiment of 
 Massachusetts troops in King Philip's War. 
 Abel Curtis (1741-1829), of Stockbridge, 
 Massachusetts, great-grandfather of Rodney 
 Curtis, was a private in Captain Job Wood- 
 bridge's company, Colonel John Brown's 
 regiment, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, 
 militia, July 8-26, 1777 ; was also at Ticonder- 
 oga; served in Captain Ebenezer Cook's 
 company, same regiment, September 22-Octo- 
 ber 4, 1777, and in Captain Ezra AVhittle- 
 sey's company, same regiment, October 14-18, 
 1778. Mr. Curtis is a member of the Society 
 of Colonial Wars and the Sons of the Revo- 
 lution. 
 
 Rodney Curtis was educated in the local 
 public schools, and at Susquehanna Semi- 
 nary, Binghampton, New York, which was 
 supplemented by a business course in Bryant 
 & Stratton's Commercial College in Chicago. 
 In ]859, he went to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 
 where he was engaged in the grain tt-ade for 
 about a year. In the spring of 1860, he, 
 with his brother, C. M. Curtis, followed the 
 Pike's Peak excitement, and came to Colo- 
 rado. Soon after their arrival in the terri- 
 tory they purchased a ranch near Denver, 
 which they continued to farm, he also being 
 interested in the grocery and drug business 
 until 1864. At this time the pay clerk of the 
 United States Mint in Denver was reoorted 
 as having absconded with about $37,000, and 
 
 Rodney Curtis was appointed to fill his 
 place. 
 
 Mr. Curtis remained in the employment 
 of the mint several years, being promoted 
 to higher and more responsible positions 
 during that service. In 1869, he was made 
 chief clerk at the mint, and, January 7, 1876, 
 he was commissioned melter and refiner by 
 President Grant. Remaining with the mint 
 until 1883, Mr. Curtis resigned to give his 
 time and attention to his own affairs, hav- 
 ing in the meantime become interested in 
 real estate and other enterprises. In 1867, 
 he, with Clarence J. Clark, laid out an addi- 
 tion to the City of Denver, known as Curtis 
 and Clark's Addition. In 1874, he and his 
 partner built at Numbersl632-1638 Larimer 
 street, one of the most substantial business 
 blocks at that time in the city. It was sub- 
 sequently occupied by the governor and 
 other state officials, and was known as the 
 "Capitol Building." Mr. Curtis became one 
 of the promoters and organizers of the Den- 
 ver Tramway Company in 1885. During his 
 presidency, he devoted his principal time 
 and attention to the interests of that com- 
 pany. A hundred miles of good road was 
 soon constructed and in successful operation, 
 which later was extended, laying the founda- 
 tion for the great tramway system of the 
 present time. During his connection with 
 the Tramway, Mr. Curtis was also promi- 
 nently identified in promoting the general 
 business interests of Denver, and his name 
 was associated with many enterprises and 
 improvements that have materially aided in 
 making this city the commercial center ot' 
 the Rocky Mountain region. Since his re- 
 tirement from active management in the 
 Tramway, Mr. Curtis and his family have 
 traveled extensively, but he still retains 
 Denver as his home. 
 
 Mr. Curtis has three children, Mrs. 
 Charles B. Whitehead, Mrs. Wm. N. McDear- 
 mon, Mrs. Wm. E. Porter. 
 
 -189 
 
ERASTUS F. HALLACK 
 
 190 
 
ERASTUS F. HALLACK. 
 
 T-TALLACK, ERASTUS F., lumber mer- 
 * ^ chant and manufacturer, was born in 
 Bethany, Genesee county, N. Y., May 30, 
 1832, remaining there until 21 years of age, 
 and receiving his education in the local 
 schools. Then starting west, he located in 
 St. Charles, Kane county, 111., where he en- 
 gaged in the carriage manufacturing business 
 in company with Stephen March, continuing 
 for ten years, and in which he was successful 
 and prosperous. Removing to Highland, 
 Doniphan county, Kansas, in 1863, he there 
 established himself in the same business, 
 which he closed out in 1865. He then started 
 for Denver, in charge of an ox train of twenty- 
 five wagons, loaded with corn, each drawn by 
 three yoke of oxen. Selling the corn on com- 
 mission, and returning to Kansas, he came 
 again to Denver in 1866, with a mule train 
 of corn, this time owning the corn, which he 
 sold at a good profit. Soon after, he engaged 
 in the lumber business with Dr. J. H. Mor- 
 rison. The latter retiring in 1868, Mr. Hal- 
 lack, with his brother Charles, formed a 
 partnership under the name and title of the 
 Hallack Brothers Lumber Company. 
 
 In 1877, Charles and J. H. Howard be- 
 came members of the firm, and the business 
 was continued under the name of Hallack & 
 Howard. E. F. Hallack retired from the 
 firm in 1879, and organized "The E. F. Hal- 
 lack Lumber & Manufacturing Company." 
 In 1886 he purchased the land and opened a 
 branch lumber yard called the Texas Lumber 
 Company at 40th and Franklin Streets. The 
 E. F. Hallack Lumber & Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, in 1890, erected a large mill at 23rd 
 and Blake Streets. The year previous (1889) 
 he started the Hallack Paint, Oil & Glass 
 Company, which in 1905 was sold to J. G. 
 McMurtry, and is now known as the Mc- 
 Murtry Manufacturing Company. 
 
 In 1891, The E. F. Hallack Lumber & 
 Manufacturing Company was consolidated 
 with the Sayre-Newton Lumber Company, 
 and operated under the name of the Hallack- 
 Sayre-Newton Lumber Company, until 1898, 
 when the Hallack interests were sold to the 
 Sayre-Newton Lumber Company. In 1898, 
 the Texas Lumber Company was enlarged 
 and the name changed to the Hallack Lum- 
 ber & Supply Company. Mr. Hallack passed 
 away Dec. 6, 1897, and in his death, the com- 
 munity lost a valued citizen, a man of deep 
 sympathies and generous charities. He was 
 one of the incorporators of the Rocky Moun- 
 tain Construction Company, which was later 
 merged into the Denver Union Water Com- 
 pany. He was broad and liberal in his views, 
 and the Unitarian Church was his special 
 interest. 
 
 Mr. Hallack married in 1868, Miss Kate 
 Gray of Bethany, New York. Three children 
 were born to them, but only one, Minnie 
 Gray Hallack, now Mrs. W. N. W. Blayney, 
 grew to maturity. Mrs. Hallack, a descend- 
 ant of a prominent colonial family, is a mem- 
 ber of the Daughters of the American Revo- 
 lution and has been Regent of the Colorado 
 Chapter D. A. R. From the pioneer days 
 to the present, she has been a leader in the 
 social life of the city. She first came to Den- 
 ver in 1868. The Union Pacific was finished 
 only to Cheyenne, and from there to Denver 
 she made the trip in a stage coach, with hos- 
 tile Indians on all sides. The first preten- 
 tious residence in Denver was the old Hal- 
 lack home at 19th and Lincoln Streets, then 
 outside the town. It had the first bay win- 
 dow and the first winding stairway in the 
 city. It was then the show-place of Denver 
 with its two fountains on the lawn, but is 
 best remembered by the old-time hospitality 
 that was here dispensed, and where were 
 wont to gather those prominent in the early 
 life of the city. 
 
 191- 
 
CALDWELL YEAMAN. 
 
 CALDWELL, lawyer, born in 
 Elizabethtown, Hardin county, Ken- 
 tucky, May 24, 1849, is the son of Stephen 
 Minor and Lucretia (Helm) Yeaman. It is 
 not a common name in this country, and all 
 
 the children of this marriage was Samuel 
 Courtland Yeaman, born in 1772, who, in 
 1798, married Priscilla Minor, a grand- 
 daughter of General Otho Williams of the 
 army of the American Revolution, and a 
 
 CALDWELL YEAMAN 
 
 who bear it here are at least supposed to be 
 connected with the same family. Some trace 
 the lineage to John Yeaman, mayor of Bris- 
 tol, England, who lost his life because of his 
 loyalty to Charles I. His great grand- 
 father, Moses Yeaman, married Sarah Clark, 
 niece of Abraham Clark of New Jersey, who 
 was one of the signers of the Declaration of 
 Independence from the latter state. Among 
 
 daughter of John Minor, a colonel in the 
 War of 1812. Stephen Minor, born 1799, 
 eldest child of Samuel Courtland Yeaman, 
 was the father of Caldwell Yeaman, the sub- 
 ject of this biographical sketch. Stephen, his 
 father, after finishing his legal education, 
 removed to Kentucky, where he became 
 prominent in the practice of the law in that 
 state. He married Lucretia Helm, whose 
 
 192 
 
brother, John L. Helm, was twice governor 
 of Kentucky. The Yeaman and Helm fami- 
 lies, and their descendants, have been emi- 
 nent as lawyers, jurists, statesmen, educa- 
 tors and divines, in Kentucky and other 
 states. Lucretia, wife of Stephen Minor 
 Yeaman, was a granddaughter of Thomas 
 Helm, of Virginia, who served in the war of 
 the American Revolution, in which he was 
 severely wounded. After his discharge from 
 the service, he emigrated to Kentucky, 
 where he was compelled to build a stockade 
 and fort to protect himself and family from 
 the Indians. The children of Stephen 
 Minor and Lucretia (Helm) Yeaman, all dis- 
 tinguished in their several professions, were : 
 John Helm Yeaman, baptist minister, who, 
 after years of ill health, died at the age of 
 about forty, at Henderson, Kentucky; 
 George Helm Yeaman, author, lawyer, states- 
 man, and diplomat, congressman two terms 
 from Kentucky, resident minister to Den- 
 mark, five years, where he negotiated the 
 first treaty, although it failed of ratification, 
 with that kingdom for the purchase of the 
 islands of St. Thomas and Santa Cruz; Rev- 
 erend AV. Pope Yeaman, lawyer in his early 
 career, and later an eminent Baptist divine, 
 a leader of advanced religious thought, 
 prominent educator, and especially distin- 
 guished as an orator, died 1904; Harvey 
 Yeaman, a brilliant and distinguished law- 
 yer from Kentucky, who died at Trinidad, 
 Colorado, in 1876 ; Malcolm Yeaman, Hen- 
 derson, Kentucky, for many years a leading 
 lawyer in the southwestern part of that 
 state ; and Caldwell Yeaman, lawyer and 
 jurist, distinguished in the practice of his 
 profession, and also for many years promi- 
 nently identified with the history of Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 Judge Caldwell Yeaman, after an aca- 
 demic education, studied law with his two 
 elder brothers, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1871, beginning the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Henderson, Kentucky. At the end 
 of the year, he removed to Kansas City, re- 
 maining there until 1876, in the spring of 
 which year he joined his brother, Harvey, 
 who had come west for his health, and lo- 
 cated at Trinidad, Colorado. There they 
 formed a law partnership, under the firm 
 name of Yeaman & Yeaman, and continued 
 their practice until his brother's death in 
 August, that year. Judge Yeaman at first 
 contemplated returning to Kansas City, but 
 was induced to remain at Trinidad, and soon 
 became one of the leading lawyers of the 
 state, a man of affairs, and especially in 
 Colorado politics. Without any solicitation 
 on his part, he was nominated in 1878 by 
 
 the democratic state convention for attorney 
 general, but was defeated as the state was 
 then overwhelmingly republican. In 1882, 
 he was elected, by a large majority, judge of 
 the Third Judicial District, Colorado, com- 
 prising the counties of Las Animas, Pueblo, 
 Huerfano and Bent, to which the legislature 
 afterward added the counties of Fremont 
 and Custer. He entered upon his duties as 
 district judge in January, 1883, serving the 
 full term of six years, inaugurating reforms 
 and making such a splendid record for abil- 
 ity and impartiality, that he was urged to 
 accept another nomination for this office, 
 many republicans also pledging him their 
 support. Judge Yeaman declined the re- 
 nomination, Tmt, in the meantime his name 
 remained prominent in state politics. In the 
 fall of 1888, he refused to permit the use 
 of his name, at the state democratic con- 
 vention, for the gubernatorial nomination. 
 However, this same convention offered him 
 the nomination for the supreme court, but 
 he declined to run for that office. Retiring 
 from the district bench he resumed the prac- 
 tice of the law in Trinidad, in January, 1889. 
 
 In 1890, without solicitation on his part, 
 he was nominated by his party for governor. 
 He made an able and dignified canvass of 
 the state, in company with Judge Platt 
 Rogers, the nominee for lieutenant-governor. 
 He was defeated, but greatly reduced the 
 republican majorities. In January, 1891, 
 Judge Yeaman received the support of the 
 democrats of both branches of the Colorado 
 legislature for United States senator, against 
 Henry M. Teller, when the latter was re- 
 elected. 
 
 Judge Yeaman and State Senator Charles 
 C. Parsons of Leadville formed a partner- 
 ship in Denver, under the firm name of 
 Yeaman & Parsons, in the spring of 1891, 
 continuing until January, 1894, when it was 
 dissolved by mutual consent. In January, 
 1895, he formed a partnership with Frank 
 E. Gove, now state senator, the firm name 
 being Yeaman & Gove. Judge Yeaman was 
 the third president of the Colorado Bar Asso- 
 ciation, occupying that position from July, 
 1899, to July, 1900. He is also a member of 
 the American Bar Association, the Denver 
 Club, and the Denver Country Club. 
 
 In 1879, Judge Yeaman married Miss 
 Adelaide, daughter of Preston Roberts of 
 Independence, Missouri. Mrs. Yeaman 
 comes from an old and distinguished fam- 
 ily, and her father was one of the prominent 
 capitalists of western Missouri. Mrs. Yea- 
 man is a lady of rare accomplishments, and 
 one of the leaders of Denver society. 
 
 193 
 
LUCIUS MONTROSE CUTHBERT 
 
 194 
 
LUCIUS MONTROSE CUTHBERT 
 
 UTHBERT, LUCIUS MONTROSE, law- 
 yer, born August 17, 1856, in Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania, was the son of the 
 Rev. James Hazzard (D. D.) and Julia Eliza- 
 beth (Turpin) Cuthbert. His father, the 
 Rev. James H. Cuthbert, born in Beaufort, 
 South Carolina, in 1830, died 1894, was an 
 eminent divine. His mother, Julia E. was 
 the daughter of William H. and Marie An- 
 toinette (d'Antignac) Turpin. Mr. Cuth- 
 bert is descended from an illustrious and 
 distinguished ancestry, prominent in the 
 colonial history of this country. His great 
 great grandfather was James Cuthbert, son 
 of John Cuthbert, Baron of Castle Hill, In- 
 vernesshire, Scotland, who came to South 
 Carolina in 1737, and settled at Beaufort in 
 that state. 
 
 On the paternal side, Mr. Cuthbert is de- 
 scended from Edward Middleton, member of 
 the Grand Council of the Province of South 
 Carolina, in 1678, and Assistant Judge of the 
 Province in 1682 ; Arthur Middleton, Gover- 
 nor of the Province of South Carolina, in 
 1719 and 1725; Arthur Middleton, grandson 
 of the latter, who was a signer of the De- 
 claration of Independence ; and Colonel 
 Thomas Fuller, member of the Provincial 
 Congress from South Carolina, in 1775. In 
 the maternal line, Mr. Cuthbert 's great 
 grandfather, Baron Jean Louis B. C., d'An- 
 tignac, an officer of the First Musqueteers 
 of H. M. the King of France, came to Amer- 
 ica in 1776, to assist the American forces in 
 the Revolutionary War. He raised a regi- 
 ment of Light Horse for the Continental 
 service, under special permission of the Con- 
 tinental Congress, and served throughout 
 the war, at his own expense, and with great 
 distinction. 
 
 In 1869, Mr. Cuthbert entered the Pre- 
 paratory School of Columbian University, 
 Washington, .District of Columbia (now 
 George Washington University) ; and was 
 
 graduated from the Academic Department 
 of the University in 1876 with the degrees 
 of A. B. and A. M. ; and from the Law 
 School of the same University in 1878, with 
 the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to the 
 bar of the Supreme Court of the District of 
 Columbia in 1878; to that of the Supreme 
 Court of Colorado in 1881 ; and to the bar of 
 .the Supreme Court of the United States in 
 1898. In June, 1881, he came to Colorado, 
 locating in Denver, and became an assistant 
 in the law office of the late Edward 0. Wol- 
 cott, where he remained from 1881 until 
 1883. He continued the practice of law in 
 Denver, uninterruptedly from 1883 until 
 1908, when he retired from active practice. 
 
 In 1908, he was elected president of The 
 United Oil Company ; and, in 1909, president 
 of The Inland Oil & Refining Company; po- 
 sitions which he still holds. These two com- 
 panies, with their oil fields and refineries, at 
 Florence, Fremont County, and Boulder 
 County, are the largest oil industries in the 
 Rocky Mountain region. 
 
 Mr. Cuthbert is a member of the American 
 Bar Association, and was a delegate to 
 the Universal Congress of Lawyers and Jur- 
 ists, which was held in St. Louis in 1904. He 
 is also a lecturer on Roman law, in the Law 
 School of the University of Colorado. He 
 is vice-president of the Colorado branch of 
 the Archaeological Institute of America. 
 
 He is a member of the Denver, University, 
 Denver Athletic, and Denver Country Clubs, 
 Denver; Cheyenne Mountain Country Club, 
 Colorado Springs; Union and University 
 Clubs, New York; and the Metropolitan 
 Club, Washington, District of Columbia. 
 
 Mr. Cuthbert married, October 24, 1900, 
 Gertrude, second daughter of the late 
 United States Senator, Nathaniel P. Hill 
 (q. v.). They have two children: Gertrude, 
 born Denver, Colorado, July 25, 1901; and, 
 Alice Middleton, born Denver, Colorado, Au- 
 gust 25, 1902. 
 
 195 
 
WINDER ELWELL GOLDSBOROUGH 
 
 196 
 
WINDER ELWELL GOLDSBOROUGH. 
 
 OLDSBOROUGH, WINDER ELWELL, 
 electrical engineer, born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, October 10, 1871, is the son of 
 Washington Elwell and Martha Pierce 
 (Laird) Goldsborough, and is descended from 
 an ancestry distinguished in the colonial pe- 
 riod. Early in 1600, his American progen- 
 itor, Robert Goldsborough of Goldsborough 
 Hall, Yorkshire, England, settled on Kent 
 Island, Maryland. Among his more illustri- 
 ous ancestors were Geoffrey Goldsborough, 
 Bishop of the Church of England in 1400; 
 Joshua Reynolds, the famous artist ; Robert 
 Goldsborough, member of the First Conti- 
 nental Congress; and Charles Goldsborough, 
 Governor of Maryland. His father, Wash- 
 ington E. Goldsborough, lawyer, born in Feb- 
 ruary, 1843, was the son of Griffin Washing- 
 ton and Annie (Reynolds) Goldsborough, 
 married Martha Pierce, daughter of Wil- 
 liam and AVilhemena Elizabeth Cadwalider 
 (Goldsborough) Laird. 
 
 W. Elwell Goldsborough, their son, at- 
 tended Wright's University School, Balti- 
 more, Maryland, and Cornell University, 
 from which he was graduated in 1892, with 
 the degree of M. E. In 1892-1893, he was 
 employed as an electrical engineer, by the 
 Colliery Engineer Company, Scranton, Penn- 
 sylvania. He has risen rapidly in his profes- 
 sion, and held many positions, requiring the 
 greatest executive ability, and the exercise 
 of thorough technical training and knowl- 
 edge. He was professor of electrical engi- 
 neering, Arkansas University, Fayetteville, 
 1893-1894 ; held the same position at Purdue 
 University, Indiana, 1893-1904, and was also 
 director of Electrical Engineering, at the lat- 
 ter university, 1898-1904; he was business 
 manager of the engineering department, J. G. 
 White & Company, engineers and contract- 
 ors, New York and London, 1904-1907 ; first 
 vice-president and general manager, Denver 
 Reservoir Irrigation Company, 1907-1909; 
 general manager, Laramie Water Company, 
 and president, The Goldsborough Company, 
 civil, mechanical, electrical, mining, hy- 
 draulic, and irrigation engineers, 1910-1911; 
 consulting engineer, Edison Electrical Illu- 
 minating Company, Baltimore, Maryland, 
 
 1894-1895; and chief, department of elec- 
 tricity, St. Louis Exposition, 1902-1905. He 
 has read papers before prominent scientific 
 and engineering societies, and contributed 
 articles to the leading scientific and engineer- 
 ing journals. 
 
 Mr. Goldsborough is also an inventor, 
 with four United States patents to his credit, 
 covering inventions relating to arc lamps, 
 and direct and alternating current motors. 
 His research investigations have included 
 arc lamps, electrical machinery, and trans- 
 formers. He was a member of the jury of 
 awards, Buffalo Exposition, 1901 ; member, 
 superior jury, International Jury Awards, 
 St. Louis Exposition, 1904. During his ca- 
 reer, he has been interested in military mat- 
 ters, being major of the corps of cadets, Cor- 
 nell University, 1892 ; major, First Regiment, 
 Arkansas National Guard, 1893-1894; and 
 commandant of cadets, Arkansas University, 
 1894. Pie is or has been a member of the 
 following societies and organizations : Mem- 
 ber and past vice-president of the American 
 Institute of Electrical Engineers; member, 
 Institution of Electrical Engineers, England ; 
 Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; Interna- 
 tional Association Testing Materials ; Society 
 for the Promotion of English Education; 
 American Association for the Advancement 
 of Science ; Indiana Academy of Science ; 
 International Electrical Congress at Chicago, 
 1898, Paris, 1900, St. Louis, 1904, and vice- 
 president of the latter; member, committee 
 National Electrical Light Association, on 
 Arc Light Photometry; chairman, executive 
 committee, Electric Railway Test Commis- 
 sion, 1903-1905. He has been decorated with 
 the Order of the Crown (Italy). He has 
 traveled extensively, including' China. 
 
 Mr. Goldsborough is a member of the fol- 
 lowing clubs: Denver Club; University, 
 Transportation and Country Clubs, Denver; 
 and New York Southern Society. 
 
 He married, at Lafayette, Indiana, Decem- 
 ber 20, 1899, Miss Charlotte Poole Wallace, 
 and to them have been born two children: 
 Winder Elwell, who died in infancy; and 
 Laird Schields. 
 
 197 
 

 FREDERICK OZNI VAILLE 
 
 -198 
 
FREDERICK OZNI VAILLE. 
 
 WAILLE, FREDERICK OZNI, born in 
 * Springfield, Massachusetts, July 28, 1850, 
 is the son of Henry Robert, and Sarah Wil- 
 kinson (Lewis) Vaille. He is a descendant of 
 Isaac Allerton, who came over in the May- 
 flower in 1620, settled at Plymouth, and was 
 deputy Governor of that Colony. William 
 Lewis, another ancestor, from London, landed 
 in 1635, and in 1640 was a resident of Boston, 
 then known as Roxbury. In this line, he is 
 descended from Barachiah Lewis, a lieutenant 
 in the early Indian wars, and David Lewis, 
 a captain of militia in 1802. From the land- 
 ing of the Mayflower, through the Colonial 
 period, his ancestors were prominent in the 
 military and official history of New England. 
 His father, Henry R. Vaille, born July 24, 
 1809, died 1885, a leading physician and sur- 
 geon, was a graduate of Williams College 
 and of the Berkshire Medical College of 
 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and also studied in 
 Paris. His mother was the daughter of 
 Jason and Ruth (Wilkinson) Lewis. 
 
 Frederick O. Vaille attended the public 
 schools in Springfield, Massachusetts, and 
 Williston Seminary, graduating from the lat- 
 ter in 1870. He then entered Harvard Col- 
 lege, from which he was graduated in 1874 
 with the degree of A. B. In 1875, in part- 
 nership with Henry A. Clark, he compiled 
 and published "The Harvard Book," a work 
 that is well known, consisting of a large im- 
 perial quarto of two volumes. 
 
 After having been in the employ of Ginn 
 and Heath, publishers, Boston, he came to 
 Denver, July 20, 1878, and in that year in- 
 augurated the telephone system in Colorado. 
 Soon after his arrival, Mr. Vaille began pre- 
 liminary preparations for opening a branch 
 exchange of the Bell telephone. Some were 
 incredulous, doubting the practical use of 
 this invention. A few short lines were con- 
 structed to exhibit the instruments and ex- 
 plain the system. Then followed the amus- 
 ing feature of the amateur system of tin cans 
 and other contrivances attached to strings 
 with which both old and young tried the ex- 
 periment for themselves. In 1879, Henry 
 R. Wolcott interested himself with Mr. 
 Vaille in the enterprise. Although many still 
 doubted, after obtaining 125 subscribers, Mr. 
 Vaille launched his enterprise, opening his 
 exchange over Conrad Frick's Boot and Shoe 
 Store, No. 380 Larimer street, Feb. 20, 1879. 
 The Western Union Telegraph Co. about six 
 months later, started a rival system, by in- 
 troducing the Edison Telephone in Denver, 
 
 with an exchange in the old Broadwell house, 
 corner of 16th and Larimer, where the Tabor 
 block was later erected. The double ser- 
 vice in Denver was not popular, and in 1880, 
 the Bell absorbed the Edison, and the Western 
 Union retired from the field. The Colorado 
 Telephone Co. the successor of all the in- 
 terests of the system in Denver and the state, 
 was organized Jan. 1, 1881, with Henry R. 
 Wolcott, president, and Frederick O. Vaille' 
 general manager. The new company es- 
 tablished its office in the old Tabor Block, 
 16th and Larimer streets. 
 
 While in charge of the Telephone Co., Mr. 
 Vaille also organized the District Messenger 
 service in Denver, and the first Electric Light 
 Co., and was for a year the Manager for the 
 Colorado Electric Co., constructing the ori- 
 ginal electric lighting plant for Denver. 
 
 A telephone switchboard was invented 
 by him in 1882, the same being patent No. 
 262,261. 
 
 Mr. Vaille continued as manager for the 
 Telephone Company until March 1, 1884, 
 when he removed to Lexington, Massa- 
 chusetts, and engaged in farming until his re- 
 turn to Denver in 1893. 
 
 He is interested in real estate and other 
 investments. He is President of the Temple 
 Engineering Co., which developed the Tem- 
 ple-Ingersoll Electric Air Drill, named from 
 its inventor, Mr. Robert Temple. He was 
 also Vice-President of the Denver Sawngs 
 Bank for a few years. 
 
 Not only has Mr. Vaille been prominent 
 in the promoting of important business en- 
 terprises, but he has found time for athletics. 
 He is interested in tennis and still plays 
 (1911) a strong game. He devotes much 
 time to the development of a suburban ranch, 
 and finds delight in camping and hunting 
 expeditions to the mountains. He has trav- 
 eled extensively, but is loyal to Denver, and 
 is one of the sturdy and public-spirited 
 private citizens, upon whom the city's pro- 
 gress and prosperity depend. 
 
 He married in 1879, in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 Miss Harriett Agnes Wolcott, a sister of 
 Henry R. (q. v.) and the late Sen. Edw. O. 
 Wolcott (q. v.) of Colorado. Their three 
 children are, Harriett Wolcott Vaille, Mrs. 
 Otis Weeks, and Agnes Wolcott Vaille. 
 
 Mr. Vaille is a life member of the Arch- 
 aeological Institute of America and of the 
 Denver Athletic Club; also a member of the 
 Denver Country Club and the University 
 Club, Denver. 
 
 199 
 
JOHN MILLS MAXWELL 
 
 200 
 
JOHN MILLS MAXWELL. 
 
 MAXWELL, JOHN MILLS, jurist, born 
 March 23, 1849, in Mansfield, Ohio, 
 is the son of George Milton and Martha 
 (Mills) Maxwell. His ancestors were promi- 
 nent in the colonial period, and took an active 
 part in the American Revolution. They 
 were also pioneers in Ohio, moving from 
 Conn, to Mansfield, at an early day. His 
 father, George M. Maxwell, was a Presby- 
 terian minister of prominence, an educator 
 of national repute, and, for several years, was 
 president of Lane Theological Seminary, 
 Cincinnati. His maternal grandparents were 
 Col. John and Deborah (Wilson) Mills, his 
 grandfather Mills, a business man of Marietta, 
 being one of the founders of Marietta Col- 
 lege, from which his son-in-law, George M. 
 Maxwell, and three of the latter's sons were 
 graduated. 
 
 Judge Maxwell's grandmother, Deborah 
 (Wilson) Mills, was the daughter of Martha 
 (Spencer) Wilson; granddaughter of Gen. 
 Joseph Spencer, a surgeon in .the American 
 Revolution; and, great granddaughter of 
 Maj. Gen. Joseph Spencer, who was ap- 
 pointed Brig. Gen. in April, 1775, by special 
 act of Congress, which rank he held in the 
 Continental Army, until his appointment as 
 Major General in 1776. Gen. Spencer was 
 in the siege of Boston, after which he accom- 
 panied the army to New York. 
 
 Judge John M. Maxwell received his 
 early education in the public schools of Cin- 
 cinnati. At the age of 16, he entered Mar- 
 
 ietta College, graduating therefrom in 1872, 
 with the degree of A. B., and from which in- 
 stitution he also received his Masters degree. 
 He then read law in the offices of Stevenson 
 and Maxwell, in Cincinnati, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1875. After practicing 
 his profession two years, he came to Colorado 
 in 1877, first locating in Boulder this state, 
 thence removing to Leadville in 1879. He 
 soon became prominent as an attorney, and 
 also one of the leaders in the Republican 
 party. Temporarily, he was the private 
 secretary of Governor Peabody in 1902, and 
 was then appointed to the Colorado Court of 
 Appeals in 1903, remaining on the bench of 
 that court until 1905. On the consolidation 
 of the Court of Appeals with the Colorado 
 Supreme Court, Judge Maxwell became a 
 member of the latter body from 1905 until 
 1908. After his retirement from the state 
 bench, he resumed the practice of the law. 
 
 Judge Maxwell is a thirty-third degree 
 Mason ; is Past Grand Master of the Colorado 
 lodge, and is likewise Past Grand Commander 
 of Knights Templars in this state . He is an 
 Elk, and holds membership in the Denver 
 and University Clubs. 
 
 Judge Maxwell married, July 1, 1880, 
 Miss Emma C., daughter of the Rev. L. H. 
 Long, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of 
 Lebanon, Ohio. Mrs. Maxwell is descended 
 from Colonial ancestry, and is an active mem- 
 ber of the Daughters of the American Revo- 
 lution. 
 
 201 
 
HON. WILLIAM HENRY JAMES 
 
 202 
 
HON. WILLIAM HENRY JAMES. 
 
 JAMES, HON. WILLIAM HENRY, min- 
 ing and smelterman, was born in Wales, 
 February 15, 1838, and came to America 
 when eight years of age. His father came to 
 America in 1813 and settled at Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. His mother was Fannie Farr James. 
 Mr. James was educated in Brooklyn and 
 finally apprenticed to the trade of a watch- 
 maker, which he followed until 1860, when 
 he joined the procession of gold seekers then 
 marching towards the Pike's Peak region. 
 Gilpin county being the objective point of all 
 immigrants, he found his way to the town of 
 Nevada, situated at the very head of the 
 series of gulches tributary to the original 
 Gregory, at the very apex of quartz or lode 
 mining, and in course of time became engaged 
 in the milling of gold ores, but did not meet 
 the success expected. Removing his mill to 
 Empire, in Clear Creek county, he was still 
 less fortunate there, and at length returned 
 to Gilpin, locating in Black Hawk. Soon 
 after, the Terrible mines, near Georgetown, 
 came into prominence as great producers of 
 rich silver ores. He was made superinten- 
 dent of these properties, which he directed 
 until their transfer to an English company, 
 when he became manager of the Burleigh and 
 Baltimore tunnels at Georgetown, where the 
 first air machine drills ever brought to Colo- 
 rado were introduced and operated. In 1873, 
 he superintended the working of the gold 
 placer mines at Fairplay, in Park county. 
 
 In 1875 he went to the valley of the Ar- 
 kansas, and took charge of the Printer Boy 
 mine. In 1876 he was elected a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention from Lake 
 county. In this convention which was en- 
 gaged in the work of framing an organic law 
 for the new state of Colorado, Mr. James served 
 
 on the Committee on the Executive Depart- 
 ment, which was the first of the three com- 
 mittees charged with the drafting of the 
 articles on the Governmental Department, 
 to report. He served also on the committees 
 of Mines and Mining and Counties. For 
 his able and diligent services to the new 
 State in this convention, he was one of those 
 who were deemed worthy of the honor of 
 special mention in Hall's History of Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 After serving in the Constitutional Con- 
 vention, Mr. James returned to Lake County 
 and assisted in the formation of the town of 
 Leadville in 1878, of which the late United 
 States Senator Tabor was chosen mayor; but 
 upon the elevation of the town to a city of the 
 first class in April, 1879, at the election of 
 officers for the new city, the business men were 
 not satisfied with the political nominees for 
 the office of mayor, and brought forward, 
 only two days prior to the election, the 
 name of the Hon. W. H. James for mayor. 
 So highly was he held by the citizens that, al- 
 though having so short a time to make his 
 campaign, he was elected by a large plu- 
 rality, the first mayor of the City of Leadville. 
 
 Mr. James associated himself with former 
 Governor Grant and Edward Eddy in the 
 purchasing of ores, this firm being known as 
 the greatest firm of ore buyers and dealers 
 in the products of the mines about Leadville 
 from 1878-79, to the date of the erection of 
 their incomparable plant in Denver, the 
 Omaha and Grant Smelter, of which Mr. 
 James was general manager until the day of 
 his death in Denver, January 5, 1893. 
 
 Mr. James married Margaret A. (Had- 
 dock) James. They had two children: Harry 
 C. James and Elsie J. Lemen. 
 
 203 
 
SPENCER PENROSE 
 
 -204 
 
SPENCER PENROSE. 
 
 PENROSE, SPENCER, mining, son of 
 
 * Richard Alexander Fullerton (M. D.) 
 and Sarah Hannah (Boies) Penrose, was 
 born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Novem- 
 ber 2, 1865, and is connected with historic 
 and distinguished families of the colonial 
 period in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Mas- 
 sachusetts. He is descended from William 
 Biddle, the founder of that family in this 
 country, and an associate of William Penn. 
 His great-grandfather, Clement Biddle Pen- 
 rose, was one of the three commissioners for 
 the territory ceded to the United States by 
 France. Charles Bingham Penrose, his grand- 
 father, who married Valeria Fullerton Bid- 
 die, was one of the leading lawyers of Phila- 
 delphia, and for several years a member of 
 the state senate of Pennsylvania, and also 
 its presiding officer, being a member of that 
 body at the time of his death in 1857. He 
 was one of the editors of Penrose and Watts' 
 "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of 
 Pennsylvania," and from 1841 until 1844, 
 was solicitor for the treasury of the United 
 States. He was distinguished for brilliancy 
 of intellect and elegancy of manners. His 
 father, Richard Alexander Penrose, born at 
 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1827,, died 
 1908, married Sarah Hannah Boies, was an 
 eminent physician and surgeon. He was 
 graduated from Dickinson College in 1846 
 (LL. D. 1872), and from the medical depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1849, with the degree of M. D. He was con- 
 sulting surgeon in the Philadelphia Hospital, 
 in which he gave clinical lectures on the dis- 
 eases of women and children. In 1863, he 
 became a professor on the medical staff of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, and for 
 more than a quarter of a century was an 
 authority on the diseases of women and 
 children and noted for the deep learning of 
 his lectures while a member of the faculty 
 of that institution. He was a member of 
 many learned societies, including the Amer- 
 ican Gynecological Society, of which he was 
 one of the organizers, and was also one of 
 the founders of the Children's Hospital of 
 Philadelphia, the Gynecian Hospital, and the 
 Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 On the maternal side, he is descended from 
 the Thomas family of Maryland, and also 
 that of the Boies of Massachusetts, one of 
 whom assisted in building the breastworks 
 
 on Bunker Hill, the night before that his- 
 toric battle. 
 
 The children of Richard Alexander Ful- 
 lerton and Sarah Hannah (Boies) Penrose 
 have been prominent in several spheres of 
 life. One son, Boies Penrose, is United 
 States Senator from Pennsylvania ; another, 
 Charles B. Penrose, is an eminent physician 
 in Philadelphia ; another, Richard Alexander 
 Fullerton Penrose, mining engineer and one 
 of the most skilled and learned men con- 
 nected with the United States Geological 
 Survey, and still another, Spencer Penrose, 
 financier, mining, and a leading operator in 
 the west, subject of this sketch. 
 
 Mr. Penrose received his early education 
 at home, under the care of private tutors, 
 and was graduated from Harvard College in 
 1886, with the degree of A. B. He married 
 in London, England, April 26, 1906, Mrs. 
 Julie Villiers (Lewis) McMillan of Detroit. 
 For a number of years, he has been inter- 
 ested in, and has also promoted some of the 
 largest mining and successful enterprises in 
 the Rocky Mountains, and especially has he 
 been known as one of the most prominent 
 operators in the Cripple Creek mining dis- 
 trict. He has also made large investments 
 in banking, irrigation, and land companies, 
 and stands today one of the leading finan- 
 ciers of Colorado. Among many, he is con- 
 nected with the following companies: 
 
 He is secretary and treasurer of the Utah 
 Copper Company; secretary of the United 
 States Sugar and Land Company ; secretary 
 of the Beaver Land and Irrigation Company ; 
 director of the Ray Consolidated Copper 
 Company; Chino Copper Company; First 
 National Bank of Colorado Springs; Colo- 
 rado Title and Trust Company, Colorado 
 Springs; Cripple Creek Central Railway; 
 Beaver, Penrose and Northern Railroad ; 
 Grand Junction and Grand Valley Railroad, 
 and International Trust Company of Denver. 
 
 Mr. Penrose resides in Colorado Springs, 
 and in 1903-1904, was a member of the staff 
 of Governor James H. Peabody, with the 
 ranF of colonel. He is a member of the fol- 
 lowing clubs : Philadelphia, Union League, 
 Philadelphia Country, Racquet (Philadel- 
 phia) ; University, Union League (New 
 York); Denver, Denver Country; El Paso, 
 Cheyenne Mountain Country (Colorado 
 Springs) ; Alta (Salt Lake City) ; and the 
 Travelers (Paris, France). 
 
 205 
 
JAMES RENWICK McKINNIE 
 
 206 
 
JAMES RENWICK McKINNIE. 
 
 V/T I^INNIE, JAMES RENWICK, capit- 
 
 J - t '- r ^ alist, mine operator and beet sugar 
 manufacturer, was born in Harrison county, 
 Ohio, October 8, 1846, son of Ebenezer and 
 Ruhamali (Drummond) McKinnie. The year 
 after his birth his father died and the family 
 moved to Crawfordsville, Iowa. He received 
 his education in the grammar and high 
 schools of that place. The Civil War was 
 in progress when he finished his course and, 
 though still a boy in his 'teens, he enlisted 
 in Company B, Ninth Iowa Infantry, serv- 
 ing the last two years of the war. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. McKinnie came to Colorado, 
 going first to Durango. It was about this 
 time that the San Juan district was begin- 
 ning to experience an awakening of its re- 
 sources. Reports were given to the world of 
 fabulous gold and silver values in the moun- 
 tains of southwestern Colorado and capital- 
 ists were coming to recognize the possibili- 
 ties for safe investment in the prospects of 
 the San Juan. Being among the first on 
 the ground, Mr. McKinnie acquired valuable 
 properties, which he promoted with profit to 
 himself and his shareholders. 
 
 In those early years when, as a young 
 man, he was entrusted with the handling of 
 large sums of money, Mr. McKinnie laid the 
 foundations for a business reputation based 
 on integrity and strict honor that served 
 him well in late years, when his undertakings 
 grew in magnitude. When the wonderful 
 Cripple Creek district was discovered Mr. 
 McKinnie was one of the first to visit that 
 section. After a thorough examination he 
 made up his mind that the country was rich 
 in gold values and he invested heavily him- 
 self and advised his friends to "get in." The 
 same good fortune that had attended his 
 ventures in the San Juan attended him at 
 Cripple Creek and he added materially to 
 his fortunes. 
 
 Mr. McKinnie was one of the first to rec- 
 
 ognize the possibilities in beet sugar manu- 
 facturing. He and his associates built fac- 
 tories in various parts of Colorado and in 
 Kansas, and while increasing their own store 
 added materially to the wealth of the dis- 
 tricts surrounding their factories. It was 
 only natural that from the manufacture of 
 beet sugar he should become interested in 
 agriculture as a science. Applying large 
 capital that has always been at his com- 
 mand he promoted and carried to success- 
 ful conclusion large irrigation enterprises 
 in the Western States. But the West has 
 not by any means limited the scope of his 
 activities. Even while directing the large 
 irrigation schemes under his control he ven- 
 tured into Florida and started the reclama- 
 tion of thousands of rich acres in the Ever- 
 glade swamps of the Southern peninsula. 
 The lands thus drained are the most product- 
 ive in Florida, and the undertaking has 
 proved a wonderful success. 
 
 Mr. McKinnie 's business activities are in- 
 dicated in a measure by the list of offices 
 which he fills in his various companies. He 
 is vice-president of the Exchange National 
 Bank of Colorado Springs, vice-president of 
 the Western Sugar and Land Company, 
 president of the Southwestern Sugar and 
 Land Company, president of the Western 
 States Securities Company, and president of 
 the Grand Junction Town and Development 
 Company, and an officer and director of 
 many other companies. 
 
 Mr. McKinnie married December 25th, 
 1878, Mary J. McNeise. She died January 
 13th, 1900. On September 20th, 1904, he 
 married Anna McCarty. There are seven 
 children, Rue, Hugh, James R. Jr., Robert, 
 Richard, Margaret and Mary. 
 
 Mr. McKinnie holds a membership in the 
 El Paso, Pike 's Peak, Town and Gown Clubs 
 of Colorado Spring and the Denver Club. 
 
 207 
 
JOHN JAY JOSLIN 
 
 208 
 
JOHN JAY JOSLIN. 
 
 JOSLIN, JOHN JAY, merchant, born at 
 Poultney, Vermont, May 11, 1829; is the 
 oldest surviving son of the Hon. Joseph and 
 Caroline Cortland (Ruggles) Joslin, and a 
 descendent of Colonial and Revolutionary 
 stock. The first progenitor of the family 
 in America was Thomas Joslin, who came 
 from England to Hingham, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1635. One of his descendants was 
 Lindsey Joslin, the grandfather of this sketch, 
 who served as a Minute Man in the Revo- 
 lutionary War and was present at the sur- 
 render of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, 
 October 17, 1777. 
 
 J. Jay Joslin received his early education 
 at Poultney, a large part of his tutelage being 
 that of practical training in the ways of com- 
 merce and manual labor. He was a student 
 at Troy Conference Academy from 1844 to 
 1847, and exhibited while a boy those superior 
 intellectual qualities, which foreshadowed the 
 great success that he has won as a merahcnt 
 in the West, and the distinction which he has 
 achieved as a public spirited citizen of Den- 
 ver. Accurate in all branches of his study, 
 independent in thought, considerate and 
 charitable to his employes, he is one of the 
 most honored of the business men of Denver. 
 
 In 1847, he began his mercantile career as 
 a clerk in a store at Castleton, adjoining 
 Poultney and continued in that capacity 
 until 1850, when he was induced by his father 
 to assume the management of his farm, the 
 title to the "old homestead" to be transferred 
 to him if he would accept it as his future 
 home. He accepted the offer and although 
 successful in farming, his mercantile in- 
 stincts predominated and he returned to 
 business life in 1852, starting a store of his 
 own and soon built up the largest mercantile 
 business in Poultney and that section of the 
 state. After twelve years of success, Mr 
 Joslin built one of the largest stores in Ver- 
 mont, the third story containing a lecture and 
 concert hall, this enterprise being a tribute 
 to his cultivated mind, to his elevated idea of 
 mercantile life and his desire for public good 
 the characteristics which have distinctly 
 marked the man during his thirty-nine years 
 of business life in Denver. 
 
 After twenty-one years of business life 
 in Poultney, he sold out and decided to locate 
 in the rising city of Denver. Coming here in 
 December, 1872, he bought the New York 
 Store, located at 15th and Larimer streets, 
 
 then the center of the city's trade. He con- 
 tinued there with one of the most popular 
 and prosperous dry goods stores in the city 
 until 1879, when he removed to a commodious 
 three-story block, on Lawrence street, the 
 center of trade beginning to go up town, 
 his increasing trade demanded more room, and 
 in 1889, he occupied the new and handsome 
 Tritch Block, corner of Sixteenth and Curtis 
 streets. 
 
 Mr. Joslin also invested in stock growing 
 and mining with success, but in later years has 
 devoted all his attention to his dry goods 
 business. He is of literary and scholarly 
 tastes; although not a public speaker, he is 
 a ready and interesting writer and has con- 
 tributed many articles to the secular press on 
 subjects of current events. He is an ardent 
 lover of art and music and was president of 
 the Hayden and Handel Society during its 
 existence, 1874 to 1883, when it merged into 
 the Choral Union, of which he was president 
 until 1886. In politics, Mr. Joslin has always 
 been a republican, but on account of the 
 silver question in 1896, he cast his presidential 
 vote for Wm. J. Bryan. Having voted for 
 John C. Fremont for president in 1855, he 
 still remains loyal to the republican party. 
 He is prominent in social and lodge circles, 
 a Master Mason, member of the Gentlemens' 
 Driving and Riding Club, and of the Sons of 
 the American Revolution. He is a member 
 of the First Baptist Church, although quite 
 liberal in his religious opinions. He was 
 chairman of the building committee in the 
 construction of this, one of the most beautiful 
 churches in the western country, of which he 
 was also the originator, and it was through 
 his suggestion and influence that the fitting 
 of the interior of the church departed from 
 the usual flat floor to the amphitheatre form. 
 
 In April, 1851, Mr. Joslin married Miss 
 Mary E. Andrus, daughter of Daniel Andrus 
 of Poultney, Vermont. They have three 
 children: Hattie A. (Mrs. F. P. Allen); Edna 
 (Mrs. W. H. Milburn) ; and Frank A. Joslin, 
 secretary of the Joslin Dry Goods Company, 
 of which Mr. J. Jay Joslin is president. Mr. 
 Joslin's father died at Poultney, December 
 27, 1881, and his mother at the same place 
 in 1892. They were the parents of five chil- 
 dren. One of the sons being Jarvis (of the 
 firm of Joslin and Park, jewelers of Denver), 
 who died in Denver, January, 1899. 
 
 209 
 
HARPER M. ORAHOOD 
 
 210 
 
HARPER M. ORAHOOD. 
 
 RAHOOD, HARPER M., lawyer, former 
 city attorney of Denver, was born at 
 Columbus, Ohio, June 3, 1841, son of William 
 Jackson and Ann Messenger Orahood. His 
 grandfather was Amos Orahood of Union 
 county, Ohio. Thomas Orahood, his great- 
 grandfather, came to this country from Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, in 1785, settling in Virginia. 
 
 Mr. Orahood received his early education 
 in the public schools of Mount Vernon, Ohio, 
 and Earlville, Illinois. After leaving school 
 he secured employment as a clerk in a drug 
 store at Rock Island, Illinois. He remained 
 there two years, but in 1860 he responded 
 to the call of the west and joined an immi- 
 grant train bound for Colorado. 
 
 Mr. Orahood responded to the call for 
 volunteers during the Civil War and served 
 on the frontier with the rank of captain. 
 
 Until 1870 he engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits at Central City and Black Hawk, 
 but during these years he was improving 
 his time by constant association with books 
 and men of learning and experience. In 
 1870 he entered the law office of Alvin Marsh, 
 and a year later went to the firm of Henry 
 M. and Willard Teller. In 1873 he was ad- 
 mitted to the Colorado bar. For some years 
 he practiced in partnership with Senator 
 Teller and his brother, Willard. In 1877, 
 former Senator Edward 0. Wolcott, who 
 was then district attorney, appointed him 
 his deputy, and in 1878 he succeeded Mr. 
 Wolcott in the office. Three years later he 
 resigned and moved to Denver, where he 
 has since lived. 
 
 During the time he lived in Gilpin county, 
 Mr. Orahood filled the office of county clerk 
 and recorder, city attorney and postmaster 
 of Black Hawk and city attorney of Central 
 City. 
 
 In 1901 he was elected city attorney of 
 Denver and served in that capacity until 
 the city and county were consolidated under 
 the Twentieth Amendment to the State Con- 
 stitution. 
 
 While he has been ever devoted to his 
 profession, the practice of which has en- 
 grossed his time, Mr. Orahood has served 
 the people of Denver as school director for 
 seven years, part of which time he was presi- 
 dent of the board. He has also been for 
 many years a member of the Board of Cap- 
 itol Managers, sharing with the other mem- 
 bers the unique distinction of constructing 
 and managing the one capitol in the country 
 in which no taint of graft or jobbery has 
 ever entered. 
 
 Mr. Orahood is a member of the Gilpin 
 County and the Colorado Pioneer Associ- 
 ations. He is Past Grand Master of the 
 Masons and Past Grand Commander of the 
 Knights Templar of Colorado. Mr. Orahood 
 is a member of the Grand Army of the Re- 
 public, and is a Past Department Com- 
 mander. In 1895 he was colonel on the staff 
 of Governor Mclntire. 
 
 Mr. Orahood married at Black Hawk, 
 
 October 1, 1863, Mary Esther, daughter 
 
 of Hiram E. and Teresa Booker Hurlbut, 
 
 . who came to Colorado from Lynn county, 
 
 Missouri, in 1860. They have five children. 
 
 -211 
 

 ELI MELVILLE ASHLEY 
 
 212 
 
ELI MELVILLE ASHLEY. 
 
 ASHLEY, ELI MELVILLE, was born at 
 Portsmouth, Ohio, May 28, 1833, and 
 died at Long Beach, California, November 
 12, 1909. He was the son of John C. and 
 Mary Ann (Kirkpatrick) Ashley, and was 
 from an old line of staunch and patriotic 
 ancestors whose first predecessor on this 
 continent was Captain John Ashley, a signer 
 of the second Virginia Charter. From colo- 
 nial times down to the present the name of 
 Ashley has been closely associated with the 
 religious, social, financial and patriotic de- 
 velopment of the states ; and in Denver and 
 Colorado, his and the succeeding generation 
 of Ashleys have been identified with their 
 growth and prosperity. 
 
 His father and grandfather before him 
 were both clergymen, and in fact, through 
 all the generations of Ashleys has always 
 run the religious strain. 
 
 Mr. Ashley was educated in the schools 
 of Marietta, Ohio, but was compelled at an 
 early age to seek his own sustenance and 
 was thereafter a self-educated and self- 
 dependent man. 
 
 He first engaged in business in a sub- 
 stantial way in 1853 with his brother, James 
 M. Ashley, in the wholesale and retail drug 
 business at Toledo, Ohio. In the business 
 he was most successful, but about 1861 he 
 
 decided to come to Colorado, and since that 
 time his history and success had been part 
 and parcel of the history and success and 
 growth of Denver and Colorado. 
 
 He was for years, and up to the time of 
 his death, the president of the "Western 
 Chemical Company of Denver, an institution 
 noted throughout the country for its mag- 
 nitude, enterprise and progressiveness, and 
 is in its own class in all the vast western 
 country. He saw it develop from a small 
 plant to an establishment of large propor- 
 tions, employing hundreds of people, and in 
 a financial way one of the bulwarks of the 
 City of Denver. This concern is one of the 
 largest manufacturers of sulphuric, nitric 
 and muriatic acids, blue vitrol, etc., in the 
 United States. It is located in South Den- 
 ver and is one of the large, well recognized 
 business concerns of the city. 
 
 Outside of Portsmouth and Toledo, Ohio, 
 Mr. Ashley had always resided in Denver. 
 
 He has been president of the Manufac- 
 turers' Exchange and was the second presi- 
 dent of the Denver Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Ashley married at Celina, Ohio, 
 in 1861, Miss Susan E. Riley, daughter 
 of Captain James W. Riley. 
 
 There are two children, Frank R., and 
 Ralph E. Ashley. 
 
 213 
 
CHANNING FRANK MEEK 
 
 214 
 
CHANNING FRANK MEEK. 
 
 X/TEEK, COLONEL CHANNING FRANK, 
 * * president of the Colorado Yule Marble 
 Company, was born at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 
 September 26, 1855, being the son of Aaron 
 and Rhoda (Gardner) Meek. His earliest 
 ancestor on American soil was Guy Meek, of 
 Wales, who landed in this country in 1664, 
 and settled in Maryland. Colonel Meek's 
 father was a physician, born in 1814 and died 
 in 1879. The Colonel attended the public 
 schools at Davenport, Iowa, until he reached 
 the age of thirteen, and late in 1875 entered 
 the medical department of Iowa University, 
 but did not graduate and was obliged to dis- 
 continue his studies on account of illness. 
 
 Colonel Meek's first employment was as a 
 messenger boy for the P. & A. Tel. Co. of 
 Davenport, Iowa. From 1878 to 1881, he 
 was trainmaster and chief despatcher for the 
 Rock Island Railroad in Iowa; from 1882 to 
 1886, he was superintendent of the Wabash 
 Railroad. In 1887 and 1888 he was general 
 manager of the Denver, Texas & Fort Worth 
 Railroad. During the years of 1889 and 1890, 
 he was general manager of the Gulf Division 
 of the Union Pacific Railroad and in 1890- 
 1893 was president of the Colorado Coal and 
 Iron Company, and with Mr. J. C. Osgood 
 made the consolidation of the Colorado Coal 
 & Iron Company with the Colorado Fuel 
 Company, which brought to life the Colorado 
 Fuel & Iron Company. 
 
 When he completed the construction of 
 the Denver, Texas and Fort Worth Railroad, 
 (now the Colorado and Southern), in 1887, 
 the first-class freight rate from eastern sea- 
 board points to Colorado was $4.40 per hun- 
 dred pounds. Before the new line was opened 
 for business, Colonel Meek had made a con- 
 tract with the Southern Pacific Railroad, 
 with which his road connected at Ft. Worth, 
 Texas, giving his line the power to make the 
 through rates from New York to Colorado; 
 and the day the Denver, Texas and Ft. 
 Worth Road was opened for handling freight, 
 he announced a cut of the first class rate from 
 New York to Denver to $2.20 a hundred, and 
 an average reduction of 35% on all classes of 
 freight. 
 
 This action precipitated a long and bitter 
 freight rate war, the older and stronger lines 
 joining forces to prevent the permanent 
 adoption of these reduced rates. The re- 
 sult was, however, that the rates put into 
 effect by Colonel Meek were adopted by all 
 other roads and are still in force. 
 
 With the removal of this freight rate em- 
 bargo, Colorado began that remarkable pro- 
 gress in commercial and industrial develop- 
 ment, which has distinguished her among the 
 states. 
 
 Beside his railroad and other experiences 
 of great importance, Colonel Meek's reputa- 
 tion, as an organizer of large corporative in- 
 terests is well known. He organized the 
 Shredded Wheat Company in 1895 and the 
 American Biograph Company, also in 1895. 
 In 1896, he purchased the street car lines in 
 the City of Mexico and later sold them at a 
 large profit to Wehrner, Beit & Company of 
 London. He had already arranged for the 
 electrification of these lines the same year. 
 
 In 1904 he purchased the great white 
 marble deposits in Gunnison county, Colo- 
 rado, and organized the Colorado Yule Marble 
 Company to take over and develop them. 
 
 This company, of which he is president, 
 has opened the quarries and equipped them 
 for a large and increasing production; has 
 built and equipped the largest known single 
 marble mill; built a steam railroad from Red- 
 stone to Marble and an electric railroad from 
 Marble to the quarries; has installed a hydro- 
 electric power plant having 1800 horse power 
 capacity; and has built the town of Marble, 
 which in 1905, had a population of six, and 
 in 1911, a population of fifteen hundred. 
 
 It is now generally admitted that these 
 quarries will become the chief source of the 
 world's supply of white marble. 
 
 As a commercial and industrial resource 
 and as a source of true wealth to the whole 
 country, the enterprise will no doubt perma- 
 nently rank as the first of Colorado's in- 
 dustries. 
 
 In 1885 he was appointed Lieutenant- 
 Colonel by Governor Buren R. Sherman of 
 Iowa. He first came to Colorado in 1886 
 and has been a resident of Davenport and 
 Des Moines, Iowa, of Marble, Colorado, New 
 York and Virginia. 
 
 Colonel Meek is a member of the Denver 
 Club, The Denver Athletic Club, the Colorado 
 Traffic Club, and organized in 1885 the Grant 
 Club of Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
 His interests and ambitions are all cen- 
 tered here in the state of his adoption. 
 
 In 1879 Colonel Meek married at Xenia, 
 Ohio, Fannie Melbourne, daughter of Wil- 
 liam Melbourne of that place. 
 
 They have two children, Helen and Philip. 
 
 215 
 
EDWARD WYNNE WILLIAMS 
 
 -216 
 
EDWARD WYNNE WILLIAMS. 
 
 TWILLIAMS, EDWARD WYNNE, min- 
 *^ ing, born in Merionethshire, Wales, 
 July 27, 1847, was the son of George and 
 Elinor Wynne (Evans) W T illiams. His fam- 
 ily before him had all been mining men, 
 George Williams, his grandfather, having 
 been engaged in discovering and developing 
 lead mines in Flintshire, and was prominent 
 in that industry. George Williams, the 
 father of the subject of this sketch, follow- 
 ing the family tradition, also engaged in 
 mining, and was the first to discover gold 
 in North W T ales. He followed gold, copper 
 and lead mining, being superintendent of 
 various metallurgical mines in Wales, and 
 was a recognized authority on that industry. 
 He was born, 1816; died, 1864; he married 
 Elinor, daughter of Humphrey Wynne and 
 Laura (Lloyd) Evans. The Wynnes are 
 among the oldest Welsh families, having a 
 written and known history extending back 
 to about the year 1200, with its coat of arms 
 and family crest. The Wynne family were 
 well to do and prosperous, being Welsh 
 free-hold farmers. 
 
 Edward W. Williams, their fourth son, 
 received a common school education. Upon 
 the death of his father, and while but a lad, 
 he also engaged in mining. In 1869 he came 
 to the United States, locating at Nevadaville, 
 Gilpin county, Colorado. Both by experience 
 and family tradition he understood mining 
 as conducted in Wales, but wanted to learn 
 the American way, as well as study condi- 
 tions in the Rocky Mountain region. With 
 this purpose in view he worked in the mines 
 for about nine months, at the same time mak- 
 ing a special study of the geological forma- 
 tion and minerals of Gilpin county. Subse- 
 quently he made an extensive study of miner- 
 alogical conditions throughout the state, vis- 
 iting all the principal mining camps for that 
 purpose. In this practical manner was laid 
 the foundation for the success that came to 
 him in the mining industry. 
 
 During his long career in Colorado he 
 has also resided in Central City, Russell 
 Gulch and Denver. After making a start 
 in the mines at Nevadaville, Mr. Williams 
 removed to Russell Gulch, in the same 
 county, where he continued to follow mining. 
 In the spring of 1879 he opened a general 
 supply store for miners at Russell Gulch, 
 which he conducted in conjunction with his 
 mining interests until 1893. During this 
 period he was also postmaster at Russell 
 Gulch. Later he became president and gen- 
 eral manager of several mining companies, 
 
 in which he was largely interested, and was 
 known as one of the most prominent mining 
 men in that part of the state. Beginning 
 to mine on his own account in 1869, in a few 
 years he worked his way up to the owner- 
 ship and control of valuable mining prop- 
 erties, his life and success well illustrating 
 what may be accomplished by engaging in 
 mining as . a business, and sticking to it. 
 Among the large mines owned by Mr. Wil- 
 liams were the Topeka, Aduddel, Champion, 
 Specie Payment, and others, he having 
 owned in more than twenty groups of valu- 
 able mines in Gilpin county. He was county 
 commissioner of that county from 1890 until 
 1893. 
 
 With the prosperity that came to him, he 
 began to make investments and engage in 
 other lines of business, becoming a director 
 in the Rocky Mountain National Bank at 
 Central City, and president of the Aegis Life 
 Insurance Company of Denver. He has led 
 an intensely active business life, in which he 
 has achieved well-earned success. Depend- 
 ent upon his own resources and fighting his 
 own way in the world, he is a fine example 
 of the self-made man. Mr. Williams is thor- 
 oughly American, active in church and char- 
 itable work in a quiet way, taking a deep 
 pleasure in being able to assist many a 
 worthy but unfortunate one in distress. 
 
 Mr. Williams has traveled extensively in 
 America and Europe, thus supplementing in 
 a broad way his early education, adding 
 thereto a culture that could not otherwise 
 have been obtained. He is prominent in 
 Masonic circles, being a thirty-second degree 
 Mason and a Shriner. 
 
 Mr. Williams is now (1911) largely inter- 
 ested in the Rollinsville-Perigo Gold Mining 
 Company, the property of which consists of 
 about thirty-two hundred acres of placer 
 and lode mining claims, from which millions 
 of gold have been produced. In addition 
 to this company's holdings, he is interested 
 in a number of other valuable mining prop- 
 erties in Gilpin county. He has also made 
 extensive real estate investments in Denver, 
 among which is the Wynne Hotel, named 
 for his mother's family in Wales. 
 
 Mr. Williams was married three times, 
 his first wife dying in 1875; the second in 
 1903; his third wife is still living. He has 
 had two children, Edward Owen, and Minnie 
 Wynne W T illiams, the latter dying when but 
 eight years of age, the former being asso- 
 ciated with his father in business. 
 
 217 
 
OSCAR DAVID CASS, M.D. 
 
 218- 
 
OSCAR DAVID CASS, M. D. 
 
 f]ASS, OSCAR DAVID, M. D., son of 
 Moses G. and Sophia (Thurston) Cass, 
 was born in Lyman, New Hampshire, August 
 2, 1823, and died in Denver, Colorado, De- 
 cember 15, 1894. He is descended from an 
 English and Scotch ancestry, with a family 
 history reaching to the thirteenth century. 
 His people were also prominent in the colo- 
 nial period of this country, and more espe- 
 cially in New Hampshire and Vermont. His 
 early education, received in the common 
 schools of Vermont, was supplemented by a 
 course at Fairfield Academy, New York. He 
 began the study of medicine at Whitesboro, 
 the latter state, and later was graduated 
 from the Vermont Medical College in Castle- 
 ton, June 18, 1845. After practicing his pro- 
 fession for a time, in Lewis county, New 
 York, he was appointed surgeon of a steam- 
 ship plying between New Orleans and Pan- 
 ama. After serving several trips as a sea 
 surgeon, he engaged in the practice of his 
 profession for several years in California, 
 and returning east, settled in Muscatine, 
 Iowa. He removed to Leavenworth, Kansas, 
 in 1859, and to Colorado in 1860, arriving 
 in Denver May 13, that year, and continuing 
 in the regular practice until the following 
 November. In connection with Dr. Hamilton 
 (later surgeon of the First Colorado Volun- 
 teers) he started a small hospital, which con- 
 tinued for a short time. Having obtained a 
 knowledge of mining and gold dust in Cali- 
 fornia, he opened a broker's office in Denver, 
 in the room occupied by Hinckley's express 
 on Blake street. Joined by Joseph B. Cass, 
 
 his brother from Leavenworth, they con- 
 ducted a profitable business, and erected a 
 building on Sixteenth and Holladay, then 
 known as G and McGaa streets. They now 
 engaged in a regular banking business, buy- 
 ing gold dust, which was shipped to Carney 
 & Stephens, a banking firm in Leavenworth, 
 where Joseph B. Cass had been cashier. They 
 also loaned money, the rate of interest in 
 those frontier days being high and very prof- 
 itable. Supplemental to their banking inter- 
 ests, they also engaged in freighting goods 
 across the plains. A branch office was opened 
 by them in Central City. The rapid advance 
 in the price of gold during the war was the 
 source of great profit to them in dealing in 
 gold dust. They were also the agents of 
 Ben Holladay 's stage line, and in 1865, sold 
 their building and business to the latter. 
 Dr. Cass was one of the builders of Denver, 
 making heavy investments in real estate. 
 Forming a partnership with the late Dr. J. 
 W. Graham, they built the Cass & Graham 
 Block, Sixteenth and Curtis streets. This 
 location was acquired by Doctor Cass in 
 1860, and is still owned by the Cass family. 
 Doctor Cass died December 15, 1894, one of 
 the most highly respected and honored cit- 
 izens of Denver. 
 
 Doctor Cass married Emogene M., daugh- 
 ter of Phinneas Babcock of Brookfield, New 
 York. To Doctor and Mrs. Cass the follow- 
 ing children were born: Alice (deceased), 
 Myra May (now Mrs. Louis F. Foster of 
 Gardena, California), and Oscar David, Jr. 
 
 219 
 
DAVID WILLIAM BRUNTON 
 
 220 
 
DAVID WILLIAM BRUNTON. 
 
 DRUNTON, DAVID AVILLIAM, mining 
 *~* engineer, born in Ayr, Ontario, Canada, 
 June 11, 1849, was the son of James and 
 Agnes (Dickie) Brunton. The Bruntons are 
 an old Scottish border family, most of the 
 members of which have gone either into 
 engineering or the army. His father, James 
 Brunton, born at Galashiels, Scotland, 1819, 
 died in Mount Pleasant, Ontario, Canada, 
 1865. His mother, daughter of John and 
 Jane Dickie, was born at Kilmarnock, Scot- 
 land, 1824. Their son, David W. Brunton, 
 is the eldest of four children. He was edu- 
 cated at Toronto, Canada, and took a post- 
 graduate course in engineering and mining 
 at the University of Michigan. After fol- 
 lowing his profession in engineering work 
 for about three years in the east, he came to 
 Colorado, June 20, 1875, and has since made 
 this state his home. His record as a mining 
 and consulting engineer, and manager, is 
 pre-eminent, and he stands among the very 
 first in his profession. During his long and 
 successful career he has filled the following 
 positions: 1875, mining engineer, Dakota 
 and San Juan Mining Company; 1876, min- 
 ing engineer, Clear Creek Reduction Works ; 
 1877, mining engineer, Washington Avenue 
 mine, Netherland, Coloardo; 1878, mining 
 engineer, Silver Peak Mining Company, 
 Esmerelda county, Nevada; 1879, manager, 
 Silver Peak Mine, Esmerelda county, Ne- 
 vada ; 1880, manager, Taylor & Brunton Mill- 
 ing Company, Leadville, Colorado; 1881- 
 1882, manager, Wolftone mine, and consult- 
 ing engineer, Robert E. Lee mine ; 1883, 
 examining mines in South America; 1884, 
 examining mines in Mexico and Montana; 
 1885, examining mines in Mexico, Central 
 America and Idaho; 1886-1887-1888, man- 
 ager, Colonel Sellers mine, Leadville, and 
 building concentrating mill for the A. Y. 
 and Minnie mine ; 1889-1890, consulting engi- 
 neer with the side-line mine owners at Aspen, 
 Colorado, and manager of the Cowenhoven 
 Tunnel at that place; 1891-1895, manager, 
 Cowenhoven Tunnel and Delia S. Mining 
 Company ; 1896-1897, manager of the Cowen- 
 hoven Tunnel, Delia S. and Free Silver 
 Mines, Aspen, Colorado; 1898-1899, consult- 
 ing engineer, Anaconda Copper Mining Com- 
 pany, Butte Montana; 1900-1905, consulting 
 engineer, Amalgamated Copper Company; 
 1906, consulting engineer, Mine Owners' 
 
 Association, Cripple Creek, Colorado; 1907, 
 examining mines in New Zealand and Aus- 
 tralia, and made trip around the world ; 
 1908-1911, consulting engineer, with offices 
 730 Symes Building, Denver, Colorado. Mr. 
 Brunton was connected with the Taylor & 
 Brunton and Western Ore purchasing com- 
 panies. 
 
 He is the inventor and patentee of numer- 
 ous devices and machines for use in mining 
 and metallurgy. His specialty is economic 
 geology, tunneling and ore valuation. The 
 more noteworthy achievements in his career 
 were accomplished as manager of the Cowen- 
 hoven Tunnel, and consulting engineer for 
 the Roosevelt Tunnel and the Laramie Canal. 
 He is a member of the following societies and 
 clubs : Institution of Civil Engineers ; Royal 
 Geographical Society ; American Institute of 
 Mining Engineers, of which he was vice- 
 president, 1897-1898, and president, 1909- 
 1910; American Society for the Advance- 
 ment of Science ; Colorado Scientific Society ; 
 Denver Club, Denver Country Club, and 
 Denver Chamber of Commerce. He is a thir- 
 ty-second degree, Scottish Rite Mason, and a 
 Shriner. 
 
 Mr. Brunton has a world-wide record as 
 a mining engineer of high repute, and has 
 investigated mines in the leading centers of 
 this industry, in this and foreign countries. 
 During his operations in Leadville as an 
 engineer and manager, the mining proper- 
 ties with which he was connected produced 
 many millions of dollars in the precious 
 metals. The Cowenhoven Tunnel at Aspen, 
 carried on under his management, was a 
 work of great magnitude, skilfully con- 
 structed, being two and one fourth miles in 
 length, with a double track. He has pro- 
 moted and successfully conducted and com- 
 pleted vast enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Brunton married, at Kingston, New 
 York, February 11, 1885, Miss Katharine 
 Kemble, of that city. Mrs. Brunton is a 
 lady of graceful accomplishments, and is 
 descended from a distinguished colonial an- 
 cestry, one of whom was Colonel Johannis 
 Snyder, one of the patriots of the American 
 Revolution. Through his service, she is a 
 member of the Daughters of the American 
 Revolution. They have four children, Fred- 
 erick K., John D., Harold J. and Marion. 
 
 221 
 
JOHN SIDNEY BROWN. 
 
 DROWN, JOHN SIDNEY, merchant, son 
 ^ of Reuben and Betsey Horton (Hill) 
 Brown, was born June 10, 1833, in Conneaut, 
 Ashtabula county, Ohio. His ancestors 
 were prominent in the early history of the 
 American colonies, emigrating from England 
 during the first part of the sixteenth cen- 
 tury. His father was born at Strafford, Ver- 
 mont, and his mother was a daughter of 
 
 of the Supreme Court of Michigan. She died 
 in Denver in 1889, at the age of eighty-seven. 
 Henry Brown, who came from England 
 about 1639, and settled in Salisbury, Massa- 
 chusetts, was his American ancestor. His 
 descendant in the fifth generation, Moses 
 Brown (1750-1832), the grandfather of J. 
 Sidney Brown, was a soldier in the American 
 Revolution. In the maternal line, Mr. 
 
 JOHN SIDNEY BROWN 
 
 John and Laura (Bushnell) Hill, and was 
 born at Starksboro, Vermont. She was a 
 sister of Adjutant General Charles W. Hill 
 of Ohio, who aided largely in raising and 
 pushing to the front the quota of that state 
 in the civil war. She was also a cousin of 
 the Reverend Horace Bushnell of Hartford, 
 Connecticut, for whom the famous Bushnell 
 Park was named, and Judge James Campbell 
 
 Brown is descended from General Robert 
 Sedgwick, born in England, in 1600, who in 
 1636 became a resident of Charleston, Massa- 
 chusetts. In 1643, General Sedgewick, to- 
 gether with the younger Winthrop, estab- 
 lished the first iron works in America. He 
 was a member of the Ancient and Honorable 
 Artillery Company of London and on coming 
 to the colonies organized the Ancient and 
 
 222 
 
Honorable Artillery Company of Boston, be- 
 ing made its captain in 1640. He died in 
 Jamaica, May 24, 1656. General Sedgewick 
 was one of the most distinguished men of 
 his time. 
 
 To Reuben and Betsey Horton (Hill) 
 Brown were born the following children : 
 Junius Flagg Brown (q. v.), who died in 
 Denver; Mrs. Adelia Dayfoot, who died in 
 Canada; Mrs. Hannah Gillette, who died in 
 Denver; John Sidney Brown of Denver, and 
 Charles H. Brown, who died in Denver. 
 John Sidney Brown received a liberal edu- 
 cation and in 1858 joined his brother, Junius 
 F., at Atchison, Kansas, where he was en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of lumber. In 
 1861, owing to the civil war and the reduced 
 demand for lumber, their idle teams were 
 used for freighting to Denver. J. Sidney 
 Brown made two trips to Denver in that 
 year with ox trains, and came in 1862 with 
 a mule train, and remained in Denver and 
 established himself in the grocery business. 
 In 1864, one of their mule trains was at- 
 tacked by Indians and destroyed. 
 
 In 1862, Mr. Brown formed a partnership 
 with A. B. Daniels in the grocery business, 
 on Blake street, near Fifteenth. Their entire 
 stock was lost in the great Denver fire of 
 1863, and they had no insurance and saved 
 no goods. But, starting over again, the busi- 
 ness with Daniels was continued until 1868 
 and was quite prosperous, when Mr. Daniels 
 retired. The business was continued under 
 the name of J. S. Brown until 1870, when 
 Mr. Brown formed a partnership with his 
 brother, Junius F. Brown, under the firm 
 name of J. S. Brown & Brother, and it soon 
 became the leading grocery house of the 
 west. In 1893 the firm was incorporated 
 under the name of The J. S. Brown & Bro- 
 ther Mercantile Company, of which J. S. 
 Brown was president and Junius F. Brown, 
 vice-president. Mr. Brown is now also vice- 
 president of the Colorado Milling and Ele- 
 vator Company. He was a member of the 
 banking firm of Daniels, Brown & Company 
 of Del Norte, Colorado, commonly known as 
 the bank of San Juan. He was also inter- 
 ested in founding banks at Alamosa and 
 Durango. Mr. Brown was an original stock- 
 holder of the Denver Pacific and the Denver 
 and South Park, and the Denver and New 
 Orleans Railway Companies, and was trustee 
 for the stock of the Denver, South Park and 
 Pacific road, and upon its sale, distributed 
 $2,300,000 to its stockholders. He was also 
 one of the original promoters of the Denver 
 Tramway System. Mr. Brown assisted in 
 organizing the City National Bank of Den- 
 
 ver, of which he was president for several 
 years. He was an early stockholder and 
 director in the Telephone Company, also an 
 original stockholder in the Denver, Utah and 
 Pacific Railroad, now owned by the Burling- 
 ton, and an original stockholder in the Den- 
 ver Steam Heating Plant. After having 
 been engaged in business as partners for 
 about forty years, on the most intimate and 
 friendly terms, Junius F. Brown withdrew 
 from the firm in 1900, J. Sidney still con- 
 tinuing at the head of the old establish- 
 ment, of which he has been president since 
 its organization. It is now owned exclusively 
 by J. Sidney Brown and his sons. Mr. 
 Brown has been continuously in the same 
 line of business longer than any other man 
 in Denver. He is a member of the Colo- 
 rado Commandery of Knights Templar. 
 
 Mr. Brown married in Denver, in 1868, 
 Miss Irene Sopris, born in Indiana, daughter 
 of Captain Richard Sopris and Elizabeth 
 (Allen) Sopris, the latter of whom is still 
 living in Denver, at the age of ninety-six 
 years. Her family were leading pioneers 
 in the history of the territory, and in the 
 early days was one of the social leaders of 
 Denver. She died in 1881, and left surviving 
 her five chidlren: Frederick S., now vice- 
 president and general manager of The J. S. 
 Brown & Brother Mercantile Company ; Eliz- 
 abeth (Mrs. A. B. Inglis) of Paterson, New 
 Jersey ; Edward N. ; Katherine (Mrs. N. A. 
 Johansen) of Seattle, Washington ; and "Wil- 
 liam K. Brown, Yale S. S. 1900, secretary of 
 the Brown corporation. 
 
 Mr. Brown married, second, Miss Adele 
 Overton, born in Wisconsin, a daughter of 
 John Overton and Lucina Otto Overton. 
 Mrs. Brown was graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Wisconsin in 1871, with the degree of 
 B. S., coming the same year to Denver, where 
 she became asssistant principal of the high 
 school. She is a descendant of prominent 
 colonial families and is a cousin of Senator 
 Henry M. Teller (q. v.) and the late Senator 
 Jerome B. Chaff ee (q. v.) of Colorado. She 
 is prominent in the social and patriotic life 
 of Denver and is a Daughter of the Revolu- 
 tion, the Association of Collegiate Alumni, 
 and the Denver Fortnightly Club. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Brown have been born the follow- 
 ing children: John Sidney, Jr., Yale 1905, 
 treasurer of The J. S. Brown & Brother Mer- 
 cantile Company; Ben Overton, Yale 1906, 
 (deceased); Carroll Teller, Yale 1909, con 
 nected with the corporation; Sedgewick 
 Bushnell (deceased) ; Alice (Mrs. Samuel 
 Martin) of Seattle, Washington, and Irene 
 L. Brown. 
 
 223 
 
HORACE WILSON BENNETT 
 
 224 
 
HORACE WILSON BENNETT. 
 
 DENNETT, HORACE WILSON, capital- 
 -*^ 1st, son of Horace Alderman (1841-1863) 
 and Sarah (Wilson) Bennett, was born in 
 Hamburg, Livingston county, Mich., Sept. 
 4, 1862. On his father's side his ancestors 
 came from a fine old family of Middlesex, 
 England, to Livingston county, New York, 
 in 1768. His grandfather settled and named 
 Livingston county, Mich., and was its first 
 sheriff. Some of his relatives were members 
 of congress. In the maternal line, he is de- 
 scended from colonial stock, who settled in 
 Connecticut and whose descendants removed 
 to Indiana. 
 
 Horace W. Bennett was educated in the 
 high school at Brighton, Mich. He first en- 
 gaged in business at the age of 18, with New- 
 ton, Bennett & Co., Detroit, Mich., furnish- 
 ing railway supplies to the Pere Marquette 
 and the Michigan Central railroads. About 
 a year later, selling his interest, he removed to 
 Corona, that state, continuing in the mercan- 
 tile supply business, forming a partnership 
 under the firm name of A. A. Bennett & Co. 
 Again disposing of his interest at a good 
 profit, he established a large mercantile sup- 
 ply house under the name and title of H. W. 
 Bennett & Co., at Milford, Mich. Closing out 
 his interests there in 1882, Mr. Bennett started 
 west. Arriving in Denver in 1883, he engaged 
 in the real estate business, opening an office 
 in the Duff Block. During a period of two 
 years, he also conducted a boot and shoe 
 store on Sixteenth street, later trading the 
 same for real estate. Then, in connection 
 with J. A. Fisher, he operated in real estate 
 and loans. 
 
 In 1884, Mr. Bennett formed a partner- 
 ship with J. A. Myers, under the firm name 
 of Bennett & Myers, continuing to the pres- 
 ent, which has become the leading real estate 
 firm of Denver, with large investments in 
 other and profitable enterprises. They now 
 conduct a real estate and investment broker- 
 age business, controlling not only vast in- 
 terests in Denver, but throughout the west. 
 They made heavy investments on Fifteenth, 
 Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets. With 
 Charles Boettcher and Henry M. Porter, they 
 invested heavily on Fifteenth street, developed 
 and greatly enhanced the values thereon, in- 
 corporated The Fifteenth Street Investment 
 Company which now owns the Gas & Elec- 
 tric Building, the Commonwealth Building, 
 the Kittredge Building, the Quincy Building, 
 the Iron Building, the Union Pacific Block, 
 
 the Chicago Block and other large interests. 
 
 Among the larger holdings of Bennett & 
 Myers, is a controlling interest in the Tabor 
 Grand Opera House, built by the late Sen- 
 ator Tabor; the Majestic Building, the Wind- 
 sor Hotel, the Victor Hotel, the Belvedere, 
 and a large number of smaller office buildings. 
 They also, in connection with Mr. Jerome S. 
 Riche, Mr. Bennett's father-in-law, own the 
 Empire Building, and Mr. Bennett and Mr. 
 Riche own the St. Francis Hotel, a half in- 
 terest in the Ernest & Cranmer Block, and 
 have recently purchased "Wolhurst" for a 
 country home, the former residence of the 
 late Senator E. 0. Wolcott, and still later 
 owned by the late Thomas F. Walsh. Mr. 
 Bennett also owns a handsome city residence 
 at 1212 Grant street. 
 
 Bennett & Myers and their associates 
 have been especially active in the develop- 
 ment of Fifteenth street. Through their in- 
 fluence, an adjustment and settlement was 
 made, whereby the Denver Dry Goods Com- 
 pany obtained contiguous lots and extended 
 their building from Sixteenth to Fifteenth 
 street. They raised a bonus of $20,000 for 
 the site that secured the location of the Audi- 
 torium on Fourteenth street, and in many 
 other ways, they have been especially ener- 
 getic in promoting the business interests of 
 the city. 
 
 Bennett & Myers were prominent in the 
 founding and development of Cripple Creek 
 and the mining region immediately surround- 
 ing that great gold camp. The site now oc- 
 cupied by the town of Cripple Creek was first 
 claimed as a homestead by William V. Wo- 
 mack of Kentucky, in 1876, who sold it to the 
 Pikes Peak Cattle & Land Company in 1884, 
 which in turn disposed of their interests to 
 Bennett & Myers in 1885. The Pikes Peak 
 Cattle & Land Company owning the land that 
 now comprises the Cripple Creek District, 
 was capitalized for $150,000, and placed 
 thereon about 500 head of cattle and horses. 
 Hence, the Cripple Creek region is now his- 
 torically considered as an old "Cow Pasture." 
 Thompson & Anderson, who organized this 
 company, sold an half interest to Philip Ells- 
 worth, a wealthy glove manufacturer of 
 Gloversville, New York. In the spring of 
 1885, Mr. Ellsworth came west to look over 
 his investments. Many of the cattle and 
 horses had perished owing to the severity of 
 the winter. Mr. Ellsworth was dissatis- 
 fied and contemplated bringing suit. To 
 
 -225 
 
avoid litigation a compromise was affected, 
 Mr. Ellsworth inducing the others to turn 
 over to him their holdings, and he, then, at- 
 tempted to dispose of his entire interest to 
 Bennett & Myers, the latter at first refusing 
 to consider or investigate the matter. They 
 finally accompanied him as his guests to look 
 over the property. Starting from Colorado 
 Springs in June they passed through North 
 Cheyenne Canon, and coming to the foot of 
 Mt. Pisgah, found themselves in a beautiful 
 valley. About 300 head of stock had sur- 
 vived the winter and were now grazing knee 
 deep in the heavy grass. The property con- 
 sisted of about 50,000 acres of government 
 land enclosed with a stake and rider fence, 
 of which the company had title to about 700 
 acres which secured hay and water rights 
 along the creek. After inspecting the land, 
 Bennett & Myers paid $7,500.00 for the same 
 and the small herd that remained, and soon 
 developed it into a large and paying cattle 
 ranch. Within three or four months, Albert 
 Pottinger, of Colorado Springs, offered them 
 $16,000 for the ranch, without the cattle, but 
 they refused. Later came the rich discover- 
 ies of gold. George W. Carr, their ranch 
 foreman, having sent them reliable infor- 
 mation of the finding of gold, in October of 
 that year, Bennett & Myers platted 80 acres 
 of a townsite named Fremont, now a part of 
 the town of Cripple Creek. In February, 
 1892, they platted an addition to Fremont 
 and 200 lots were sold the first day. Some 
 of these lots, selling for $25, afterwards brought 
 $8,000. Parts of the original ranch, pur- 
 chased from the cattle company by this firm, 
 
 included many separate tracts, one of which 
 was supposed to be situated along the creek, 
 was later discovered to include Beacon Hill. 
 The Mabel M. and the Gold Dollar mining 
 companies were then organized. At one 
 time, J. R. McKinnie of Colorado Springs, 
 held a $500,000 option on their Cripple Creek 
 interests, but failed to carry out the contract 
 for the purchase. For a time there was great 
 rivalry between Fremont and the town of 
 Hayden Placer, the latter laid out by Colo- 
 rado Springs people. The first National- 
 Bank was removed from Fremont to Hayden 
 Placer, and the stage lines gave the latter the 
 preference as a stopping place. Bennett & 
 Myers ordered Concord coaches and threaten- 
 ed a rival line, which brought the stage com- 
 pany to terms. In connection with D. H. 
 Moffat, William Barth and C. G. Hathaway, 
 they organized the Bi-Metallic Bank at Fre- 
 mont, and the latter place became the prom- 
 inent point, and later Cripple Creek. All the 
 business and the better part of the resident 
 section of Cripple Creek is on land formerly 
 owned by Bennett & Myers. Bennett Ave- 
 nue of that town is named for Mr. Bennett. 
 In 1896-7 they sold their Beacon Hill hold- 
 ings for over a million dollars. 
 
 Mr. Bennett is a member of The Denver 
 Athletic Club, The Denver Country Club, 
 and The Overland Country Club. Two 
 children were born of his first marriage, his 
 wife dying in 1893. He married, second, 
 Miss Julie, daughter of Jerome S. Riche 
 of Denver, in 1897. They have three chil- 
 dren. 
 
 226 
 
JOHN CLEVELAND OSGOOD. 
 
 QSGOOD, JOHN CLEVELAND (retired), 
 ^^ born in Brooklyn, New York, March 6, 
 1851, was the son of Samuel AVarburton 
 and Mary Hill (Cleveland) Osgood, and is 
 descended from prominent families of the 
 colonial period. His Osgood ancestors came 
 from England in 1630 and founded the town 
 of Andover, Massachusetts. His Cleveland 
 ancestors came to Massachusetts from Eng- 
 land about the same time and later settled 
 the towns of Salisbury and Thompson, Con- 
 necticut, on lands purchased from the In- 
 dians. His ancestors furnished many soldiers 
 to the Continental army during the war with 
 England, his great-grandfather, Daniel 
 Lamed, being a brigadier general. His 
 great-grandfather, Samuel Osgood, filled 
 many public offices, being one of the three 
 Commissioners of the Treasury, during the 
 Revolutionary period, and later was Post- 
 master General in Washington's Cabinet, 
 being the first to fill that office. His great- 
 uncle, General Moses Cleveland, founded the 
 City of Cleveland, Ohio, which was named 
 for him. 
 
 He was educated in the public schools 
 in Davenport, Iowa, and Brooklyn, New 
 York, and the Friends Boarding School, 
 Providence, Rhode Island, 1858-1864. 
 
 His first employment, after leaving school, 
 when fourteen years of age, was as office 
 boy in Providence, Rhode Island, in the office 
 of Henry Lippitt & Company, cotton and 
 woolen manufacturers; from 1866 to 1870, 
 he was employed as bookkeeper by William 
 H. Ladd & Company, commission merchants 
 on the Produce Exchange in New York 
 City; from 1870 to 1874, he was employed 
 as cashier of the Union Coal & Mining Com- 
 pany at Ottumwa, Iowa, and from 1874 to 
 1877, was cashier of the Frst National Bank 
 of Burlington, Iowa. In 1876, while still 
 
 in the bank, he also became interested 
 in the coal mining in Iowa, to which 
 business he devoted himself after leaving 
 the bank. In February, 1882, Mr. Osgood 
 made his first visit to Colorado, where he 
 spent several months in examination of the 
 coal resources of the state, visiting every 
 mine opened at that time. As a result of 
 his investigations, he determined to locate in 
 Colorado, and organized the Colorado Fuel 
 Company which, in 1892, acquired the Colo- 
 rado Coal and Iron Company (which had 
 been organized in 1880 by General W. J. 
 Palmer and others), the consolidated cor- 
 poration being called the Colorado Fuel and 
 Iron Company, of which he became president, 
 and later chairman of the Board of Direct- 
 ors. In 1903, Mr. Osgood disposed of his 
 interest in this company, and resigned as 
 officer and director. During his connection 
 with the Colorado Fuel Company and the 
 Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. Mr. 
 Osgood secured the investment of over forty 
 million dollars in the coal and iron busi- 
 ness in Colorado, and employed at one time 
 over 16,000 men. 
 
 Mr. Osgood 's principal lieutenants were 
 J. A. Kebler, A. C. Cass, John L. Jerome, 
 and D. C. Beaman and among others associ- 
 ated with him in his enterprises, were Henry 
 R. Wolcott, Edward 0. Wolcott, Dennis Sul- 
 livan, James B. Grant, W. H. James and C. 
 H. Toll. 
 
 Mr. Osgood is a member of the Denver 
 Club and Denver Country Club, the Metro- 
 politan Club, Washington, D. C., and of sev- 
 eral clubs in New York City. 
 
 Mr. Osgood 's residence is "Cleveholm," 
 Redstone, Colorado, but he spends consid- 
 erable time in New York and in trips to 
 Europe. 
 
 227 
 
WILLIAM B. BERGER 
 
 228 
 
WILLIAM B. BERGER. 
 
 TDERGER, WILLIAM B., hanker, was 
 ^ born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 
 31, 1839, the son of Andrew Bart (an iron 
 manufacturers) and Rosina (Reis) Berger. 
 His manufacturing establishment was lo- 
 cated at New Castle, Pennsylvania. 
 
 William B. Berger was educated in the 
 common schools of Pittsburgh, and at the 
 age of thirteen entered a mercantile house 
 as clerk in that city. Subsequently, seeking 
 relief from asthmatic affection, he passed 
 several years in early life at Marquette, 
 Michigan, on the banks of Lake Superior. 
 At the age of twenty-one years, Mr. Berger 
 went to Europe for study and recuperation, 
 and there acquired knowledge of the French 
 and German languages. He enlisted as a 
 federal soldier at the beginning of the civil 
 war, but was rejected by the medical exam- 
 iner. He then engaged with his father in 
 iron manufacture, but was soon obliged to 
 seek change of climate, and became a com- 
 mercial traveler for the firm, visiting all im- 
 portant points in the north and west. In 
 1867, Mr. Berger came to the Rocky Moun- 
 tain country for the advantages of health- 
 ful atmosphere. First locating at Cheyenne, 
 he there took charge as manager of the bank- 
 ing house of Kountze Brothers & Company, 
 continuing there for nearly two years. In 
 1869, Mr. Berger removed to Denver, where, 
 continuing his business connection with 
 Kountze Brothers & Company, he accepted 
 a position in the Colorado National Bank, 
 the late Charles B. Kountze (q. v.) being the 
 founder and official head of the house in this 
 city and so remaining until his death in 
 November, 1911. In the Denver banking 
 house, Mr. Berger rose rapidly through the 
 several stations, and in 1871 was made cash- 
 ier of the bank. He was a stockholder in 
 the bank and took a prominent part in its 
 management, sustaining such relations for 
 
 nearly twenty years and until the time of 
 his death, April 10, 1890. Outside of his 
 banking interests, Mr. Berger was a man of 
 alert business enterprise and participated in 
 measures of early development which made 
 for the advancement and wealth of city and 
 state. He was one of the founders and a 
 large stockholder in the mercantile house of 
 Struby, Estabrook & Company of Denver ; 
 a stockholder and director in the Globe 
 Smelting Company ; also a stockholder in the 
 Denver, Texas and Fort Worth (now of the 
 Colorado and Southern railway system). 
 For sixteen years he was treasurer of Den- 
 ver School District No. 1. He was a busi- 
 ness man of prudence and success a man 
 of untiring industry, a master of detail, and 
 expert financier ; quiet in manner, unyielding 
 in principle in regard to all business trans- 
 actions, while he was a man of genial dis- 
 position and kindly, sympathetic nature in 
 all his business and social relations. Mr. 
 Berger was well informed, broad and gen- 
 erous in his views, public-spirited and pro- 
 gressive. He was a man of charity and given 
 to hospitality. Mr. Berger was a prominent 
 member and vestryman of St. John's Epis- 
 copal church. While upon a vacation in the 
 spring of 1890, Mr. Berger died suddenly 
 while playing with his children on the beach 
 at Monterey, California. He left to his fam- 
 ily a substantial fortune and a name that is 
 honored and revered. 
 
 Mr. Berger was married in December, 
 1862, to Miss Margaret Kountze of Ohio, and 
 his wife and six children survive him. His 
 two sons, George B. and William B., continue 
 their connection with the Colorado National, 
 George B. Berger succeeding the late Charles 
 B. Kountze as president and manager of the 
 bank, while AVilliam B. Berger, Jr., remains 
 as cashier. 
 
 229 
 

 THOMAS HALE POTTER 
 
 230 
 
THOMAS HALE POTTER. 
 
 P OTTER, THOMAS HALE, capitalist, born 
 February 25, 1840, in Solon, Cuyohoga 
 county, Ohio, was the son of Thomas and 
 Mary (Johnson) Potter. His parents came 
 to Ohio with his grandfather from Belfast, 
 Ireland, about 1838-40, but were born in 
 Armagh. They settled on a farm near Cleve- 
 land, but have now both passed away. 
 
 Thomas H. Potter, their son, was edu- 
 cated in the public schools near Solon, and 
 the Cleveland high school. He later became 
 a student at the Western Reserve college, 
 then at Hudson, Ohio. He did not graduate, 
 as he left that institution to go into the civil 
 war, and was on duty at the headquarters 
 of General Sherman on his march to the sea, 
 and as clerk to the chief quartermaster of 
 the army of General L. C. Easton. After 
 the war he was with General Myers for a 
 year, at Omaha and then came to Colorado, 
 in 1867, having been offered a position by 
 Mr. Augustus Kountze, as bookkeeper in the 
 Colorado National Bank at Denver. In 1868 
 he was transferred to Central City to the 
 Rocky Mountain National Bank, which had 
 there been established by the Kountze broth- 
 ers. At the same time, Joshua Reynolds be- 
 came associated with this bank, J. H. Good- 
 speed, formerly cashier, having resigned, 
 and he assumed control. After Mr. Reyn- 
 olds had conducted the bank for a time, 
 Mr. Potter became interested with him in its 
 management. Mr. Potter afterward ob- 
 tained a controlling interest in the bank, 
 which he continued to run until 1907. He 
 
 now owns and controls many mining and 
 other investments. 
 
 Mr. Potter resided one year in Omaha, 
 and came from that city to Denver by stage 
 coach. He is a Mason, Knight Templar, 
 Shriner, and a member of the Beta Theta 
 Pi fraternity. By close attention to business, 
 and fortunate in his investments, he has be- 
 come one of the prominent financial men of 
 the state. 
 
 When the late Senator E. 0. Wolcott was 
 in financial straits in his early Colorado ca- 
 reer, it was through Mr. Potter's assistance 
 that he was enabled to begin the practice of 
 the law. Mr. Thomas Fulton Dawson in his 
 "Life and Character of Edward Oliver Wol- 
 cott," says: 
 
 "During his two months as a teacher he 
 (Wolcott) had earned about $300, and hav- 
 ing saved a portion of this sum he at last 
 was prepared, although poorly, from a finan- 
 cial standpoint, to enter upon his life as a 
 lawyer. The deficit was in part made good 
 by Mr. T. H. Potter, a Central banker, of 
 whom Mr. Wolcott speaks as 'a friend sent 
 by Providence.' : 
 
 Mr. Potter was always kindly disposed 
 to those who are worthy, and often in his 
 quiet and unostentatious way, has given a 
 helping hand. From the first, he was friend- 
 ly to Wolcott, and there was cemented a last- 
 ing friendship between them. 
 
 Mr. Potter married Miss Mary Ellen 
 Morse of Maine. They have one son, Arthur 
 M. Potter. 
 
 231 
 
OTTO MEARS 
 
 OTTO MEARS. 
 
 VfEARS, OTTO, railroad builder and man- 
 ager, and commonly known as the 
 "Pathfinder of the San Juan," was born in 
 Russia, May 3, 1841. He came to this coun- 
 try with his parents in 1854, and spent his 
 early life in San Francisco. In 1861, when 
 twenty years of age, he enlisted for three 
 
 years in Company H of the First California 
 Volunteers, and during a part of that serv- 
 ice he was with Kit Carson in the Navajo 
 war. He was discharged at the close of his 
 enlistment in 1864, in the Messilla Valley, 
 New Mexico. Mr. Mears then secured em- 
 ployment as a clerk with Elsberg & Amberg, 
 
 232- 
 
at Santa Fe, and later engaged in the retail 
 business with Staab Brothers. After exten- 
 sive explorations in New Mexico and Ari- 
 zona, he came to Colorado, in 1865, and en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business in the old 
 town of Conejos. At that time the county 
 included within its limits the present coun- 
 ties of Conejos, Rio Grande, Mineral, Sa- 
 guache, Hinsdale, Ouray, San Miguel, Do- 
 lores, Montezuma, and Archuleta. In part- 
 nership with Major Head, he started both a 
 saw mill and a grist mill. As nails were an 
 unknown article there, the timbers were mor- 
 tised and held together by wooden pins. 
 Lumber then sold at $80 a thousand feet, 
 and the grist was bringing $20 an hundred 
 pounds for flour. In 1867, he brought the 
 first mower, reaper and threshing machine 
 into the San Luis Valley. The Mexicans 
 looked upon these inventions with suspicion, 
 and continued to use their sheep for thresh- 
 ing. 
 
 Primarily, to reach a market for his 
 wheat and other products, Mr. Mears built 
 a road from Poncha Pass to the Arkansas 
 valley. This highway was the beginning 
 of the Mears system of toll roads in the San 
 Juan. In 1871, with Enos Hotchkiss, he 
 organized a company to build a wagon road 
 from Saguache to Howardsville, in San Juan 
 county, across Cochetopa pass to Cebolla 
 valley, and thence to the Lake Fork of the 
 Gunnison. Mr. Mears established the Sagu- 
 ache Chronicle to advertise the resources of 
 the valley. The year following, he, with 
 others, incorporated the town of Lake City, 
 and founded the weekly Silver "World. The 
 first issue of this paper, giving an account 
 of the mineral resources of the San Juan 
 region, was followed by a rush of miners 
 and prospectors to that section of Colorado. 
 
 In 1873, Mr. Bruner of Pittsburgh was 
 appointed commissioner to treat with the 
 Ute Indians, for a part of the land of San 
 Juan, Ouray, San Miguel, and Dolores coun- 
 ties. Visiting Mr. Mears at Saguache, Mr. 
 Bruner informed him of his failure to make 
 a treaty for the removal of the Utes. 
 Through the influence of Mr. Mears, who 
 acted as interpreter, a meeting was held with 
 the Indians, the treaty signed, the Utes to 
 receive the interest on $500,000 of govern- 
 ment bonds. After this treaty, Mr. Mears 
 began to construct roads through the moun- 
 tains, and built about three hundred miles 
 of what became known as the Mears system 
 of toll roads. In 1876, he was a presidential 
 elector from Colorado, and when in "Wash- 
 ington induced the postoffice department to 
 establish a mail route over the Uncompahgre 
 agency and Ouray county, and he was given 
 
 the contract. He sometimes broke the trails 
 for this mail service himself, braving the 
 fierce weather of the San Juan region. After 
 the Meeker massacre, he assisted in the 
 rescue of Mrs. Meeker, Mrs. Price and Josep- 
 hine Meeker. He also conveyed eleven In- 
 dians to Washington, acting as interpreter, 
 and also Chief Douglas to Fort Leavenworth 
 en route. On arriving in Washington, Mr. 
 Mears was made one of five commissioners, 
 appointed to make a new treaty with the 
 Utes for eleven million acres of land which 
 included Montrose, Delta and Mesa coun- 
 ties. The Indians complained that the gov- 
 ernment did not keep its promises, and de- 
 manded cash. Mr. Mears paid them $2 each 
 and they signed the treaty. Commissioners 
 Mannypenny of Ohio, and Meachem of Wash- 
 ington, filed charges against Mr. Mears, 
 alleging that he had bribed the Indians. 
 The matter was taken up by Secretary 
 Schurz of the interior department, and later 
 dismissed by Secretary Kirkwood, who suc- 
 ceeded him. Mr. Mears explained to Kirk- 
 wood that the Utes would rather have $2 in 
 cash than the promised interest on $1,800,000. 
 Under Kirkwood 's order, Mr. Mears was re- 
 funded the $2,800 he had paid the Indians. 
 
 Mr. Mears is one of the historical men 
 of Colorado, and in honor of his many 
 achievements, his portrait is given a place 
 in one of the glass stained windows of the 
 senate chamber in the state house. He was 
 one of the incorporators of the town of Mont- 
 rose. He built toll roads in San Juan 
 county, and over Marshall Pass ; constructed 
 a railroad from Silverton to Red Mountain 
 and Ironton; also the Silverton Northern 
 from Silverton to Eureka and Animas Forks, 
 with a branch up Cunningham Gulch. Mr. 
 Mears also built the Rio Grande Southern 
 from Ridgway to Durango, connecting at 
 both ends with the Denver and Rio Grande. 
 He has promoted and successfully conducted 
 many great enterprises and his history in the 
 development of the San Juan region has won 
 for him the well known title of the "path- 
 finder" of that section of the state. 
 
 During a long period of twenty-one years, 
 he has been a member of the board of cap- 
 itol managers, and ably filled that position. 
 He assisted in the selection of the granite 
 quarries in Gunnison county, from which the 
 building stone was obtained for this building, 
 and aided in many ways in making this the 
 handsome and beautiful structure, that has 
 received world-wide praise. During his long 
 service with the board, no unpleasant con- 
 troversy has ever occurred. Mr. Mears well 
 deserves to be remembered as one of the 
 empire builders of Colorado and the west. 
 
 233 
 
PHILIP ARGALL 
 
 PHILIP ARGALL 
 
 A RGALL, PHILIP, mining engineering 
 *^*~ and metallurgy, born near Belfast, Ire- 
 land, August 27, 1854, is a son of Philip 
 and Sarah (McCallum) Argall. His father 
 was a mining engineer, descended from an old 
 west of England family. Educated in Ire- 
 land, Philip Argall, began mining as a mere 
 
 lad, in the dressing works of the Cronebane 
 mines at Avoca. Then becoming an under- 
 ground miner, also studying surveying, chem- 
 istry, mineralogy, and metallurgy, in the 
 meanwhile, until Dec. 1875, when he was ap- 
 pointed agent in charge of the mines. He 
 prepared, in connection with Mr. G. Henry 
 
 234 
 
Kinahan, district surveyor of H. M. Geo- 
 logical Survey, plans and sections of the 
 Avoca mining district, and a descriptive 
 paper, "The Geological and Mineralogical 
 Districts of Avoca," which was awarded the 
 prize at the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic 
 Society's Exhibition in 1878. In Phillip's 
 "Treatise on Ore Deposits," liberal quotations 
 were made from this paper. His paper on 
 "Ancient and Recent Mining Operations in 
 the Eastern Avoca District," which was read 
 before the Royal Dublin Society, was pub- 
 lished in its proceedings for 1879. Severing 
 his connection with the Cronebane mines, 
 in Feb., 1879, he became the manager of the 
 Stannic Company's Works at Swansea, Wales, 
 which had been erected for the application 
 of Mr. Edward A. Parnell's patents for the 
 extraction of tin, from tin plate scrap, etc. 
 This business was conducted at these works, 
 together with tin and lead smelting. In 
 severing his connection with this company in 
 June, 1880, he was warmly commended by 
 Mr. Parnell, for his success as well as the im- 
 provements he had made in the process. 
 
 Mr. Argall, near the close of 1880, was 
 appointed manager of the Glenariff Iron Ore 
 & Harbor Company, which owned extensive 
 mines of aluminous iron ore, in the county of 
 Antrim, Ireland. He embodied the result of 
 his studies of the geological formation at this 
 place, in a paper on the "Tertiary Iron Ore 
 Measures, Glenariff Valley, county of An- 
 trim," which was read before the Royal 
 Dublin Society in 1881. Resigning his po- 
 sition at Glenariff, early in 1881, Mr. Argall 
 was appointed manager of the mines of the 
 Duchy Peru Mining Company, Cornwall, 
 England, 1881-1883, and continued in the 
 successes already attained, he soon acquired 
 an international reputation in his profession, 
 filling the following positions: 
 
 Manager of Antimony Smelting Works in 
 London, 1883. 
 
 Manager Kapanga Gold Mine, New Zea- 
 land, 1884-85. 
 
 Manager Silver Queen United Mine, So- 
 nora, Mexico, 1886. 
 
 Consulting Engineer to the Mountcashel 
 Iron Ore Co. and the Societe Anonyme 
 des Plumbs D. Asperieres (France) 
 1886. 
 
 Manager La Plata Mining & Smelting Co. 
 of Leadville, Colo., 1887 and 1902. 
 
 Manager of the Metallic Extraction Com- 
 pany's Works, Florence, Colo., 1894- 
 1901. 
 
 Consulting engineer to the Dolores Min- 
 ing Co., Chihuahua, Mexico, 1902-3. 
 
 Expert on Royal Commission appointed 
 by the Dominion Government to ex- 
 
 amine the zinc resources of British 
 Columbia, 1905-6. 
 
 Doing a general business of Consulting 
 Mining and Metallurgical Engineer 
 since Feb., 1905. 
 
 He is a member of the following societies: 
 
 Royal Irish Academy M. R. I. A. 
 
 Mining & Metallurgical Club, London. 
 
 Gold Medallist of the Institute of Mining 
 Metallurgy, London, England. 
 
 American Institute of Mining Engineers. 
 
 Fellow of the Geological Society of America 
 
 Colorado Scientific Society, etc. 
 
 Mr. Argall was for some years a special 
 contributor to the Engineering and Mining 
 Journal (New York), and has written many 
 articles and papers for learned societies on 
 Sampling and Dry Crushing in Colorado. 
 He was awarded a gold medal by Institution 
 of Mining and Metallurgy, London. Among 
 his contributions are papers on "Nickel, The 
 occurrence, geological distribution and geology 
 of its ore deposits," for the Colorado Scien- 
 tific Society. "Notes on the Santa Eulalie 
 District, Sonora, Mexico," Colorado Scien- 
 tific Society; "Ancient and Recent Mining 
 Operations, Avoca, Ireland," Royal Dublin 
 Society; "Continuous Jigging Machinery," 
 Institute of Cornwall; "Tertiary Iron Ore 
 Measures of Antrim," Royal Dublin Society; 
 "Recovery of Copper from its Solution in 
 Mine Drainage," joint paper Royal Dublin 
 Society; "Steps in Cyanidation," Colorado 
 Scientific Society. 
 
 Mr. Argall came to Denver in 1892, and 
 interested himself in cyanidation, both in 
 the Black Hills and in Cripple Creek, and 
 introduced those important methods which 
 brought success out of the chaotic condition, 
 then existing as to the treatment of these 
 ores. He built the metallic Extraction Com- 
 pany Mill for Mr. Moffat at Florence, the 
 first successful Cyanide mill to treat Cripple 
 Creek ores. In 1906 he built the Cyanide 
 mill for the Golden Cycle Company, at Colo- 
 rado Springs, the largest roasting cyanide 
 mill in the world; and, still later the mill for 
 Stratton's -Independence Mine, for which he 
 is now the Consulting Engineer. Through 
 hard work, patience and study, in a reserved 
 and quiet way, he has attained a position in 
 mining and metallurgy of the highest stand- 
 ing, and with a record and experience that 
 is world wide. 
 
 Mr. Argall married Miss Frances Ellen 
 Oates, of County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1876, 
 who died in 1903. They have the following 
 children: Philip Henry; George O.; Frances 
 Laura, wife of Dr. C. C. Reid; William A.; 
 David John, Spokane; Albert Joseph, sur- 
 geon, St. Joseph's Hospital, Denver; Hilda 
 E.; Lillian A.; Winifred S.; and Gladys M 
 
 235 
 
JOHN GOOD 
 
 236 
 
JOHN GOOD. 
 
 f^OOD, JOHN, capitalist, born John Guth, 
 ^ October 14, 1835, at Uhrweiler, Alsace- 
 Lorraine, then in France, but later annexed 
 to Germany, in 1871. He was the son of 
 Jacob and Elizabeth (Kiefer) Guth. The 
 original family name of "Guth" was changed 
 by the subject of this sketch in 1854 to that 
 of "Good," and since then he has been known 
 as John Good. His cousin, John T. Good 
 (Guth) from Uhrweiler, came to the United 
 States in 1837, and settled in Akron, Ohio. 
 
 Jacob Guth, father of the subject of this 
 sketch, born in 1800, died in 1886, was a 
 large land owner and farmer, both in France 
 and the United States. Elizabeth, mother of 
 John Good, was the daughter of Philipp and 
 Elizabeth Kiefer. Two of her family, Philipp, 
 age 17, and George, age 18, both uncles of 
 John Good, fought in Napoleon's army, and 
 perished in the memorable retreat from Mos- 
 cow. 
 
 John Good attended the public schools at 
 Uhrweiler until 1854, when he came to the 
 United States and engaged in business with 
 John T. Good at Akron, Ohio. He was one 
 of the pioneers of Denver, coming to this city 
 in 1859 with his ox team and wagon. In that 
 year he started one of the first general mer- 
 chandise stores in Denver, its location being 
 on Blake Street. To equip this store, Mr. 
 Good was compelled to haul all his own freight, 
 and made sixteen trips across the plains. 
 One of these trips in 1859, from St. Joseph to 
 Denver, required 90 days, when he came alone 
 disregarding the dangers of Indian attack. 
 He conducted the store for only a short time, 
 as during Mr. Good's absence on one of his 
 trips, the man left in charge of his store de- 
 camped to the mountains, having first dis- 
 posed of the entire stock, thus leaving noth- 
 ing for Mr. Good to continue with. In 1859, 
 Mr. Good having secured another start, es- 
 tablished the Rocky Mountain Brewery 
 Company, the first in Denver, and also in 
 this region. It was later purchased by Mr.. 
 Philip Zang, who acted in the capacity of 
 Mr. Good's foreman. In 1901, Mr. Good 
 consolidated the Milwaukee and Union Brew- 
 
 eries into the Tivoli-Union Brewing Com- 
 pany, of which he became President and 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Mr. Good was one of the organizers and 
 promoters of the old German Bank, organized 
 under the laws of Colorado, March 3, 1874. 
 The German National Bank was the out- 
 growth of the German Bank, securing its 
 charter as a National bank in April, 1877. 
 Mr. Good was made Vice-President, and also 
 acted as a member of the Board of Directors. 
 
 He was one of the promoters and original 
 stockholders of various railroad enterprises, 
 including the Denver & South Park R. R., 
 Denver & Gulf R. R., and Denver & Pacific. 
 
 During a residence of 52 years in Denver, 
 Mr. Good has been interested in mining, 
 railroads, banking and real estate. He as- 
 sisted in encouraging and promoting many en- 
 terprises that have led to the building up 
 of this city and state, and has lived to see 
 the realization of the hopes and ambitions 
 of the pioneers in the fostering and develop- 
 ing of this commonwealth. He was elected 
 City Treasurer of Denver twice, serving 
 four years, 1875-6-7-8. He was one of the 
 organizers and charter members of the old 
 Lotus club. He has at all times been a po- 
 tent factor in Denver's commercial up- 
 building, and is today one of her most public 
 spirited men. 
 
 Mr. Good married in May, 1862, Miss 
 Rosalia M., daughter of J. Christopher and 
 Anna Barbara (Meyer) Wagner, at Misha- 
 waka, Ind. Her uncle, Serephine Meyer, 
 was a Judge of the Supreme Court, and dur- 
 ing the Civil War acted as Colonel of the 
 107th Ohio Regiment. Two sons, Turine 
 and Tulius Meyer, also fought with the 107th 
 Ohio Regiment, both being killed while in 
 action. A third son, General Edward Meyer, 
 was engaged with the 19th Ohio Volunteers. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Good had six children: 
 Leonora R. (Mrs. J. Everett Hasler) of 
 New York City; Carrie (Mrs. J. J. Reilly) 
 of Salt Lake City; Louis, Nellie, Louis 
 Wagner, and John Edward, Yale 1895. 
 
 237 
 
GODFREY SCHIRMER 
 
 -238 
 
GODFREY SCHIRMER. 
 
 C CHIRMER, GODFREY, banker and finan- 
 ^ cier, was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, 
 December 5, 1863. He attended the public 
 schools of his native city, until 1876, when 
 he went to Germany, where he became a stu- 
 dent in the high school, thus supplementing 
 his earlier American education. He then 
 found employment in a bank at Landau, 
 Pfalz. Returning to the United States in 
 1883, he worked for Oelrichs & Company, gen- 
 eral agents for the North-German Lloyd 
 Steamship Company, continuing with that 
 agency until 1886. Owing to ill health he re- 
 moved to Denver in the latter year, and for a 
 year was in the employ of Albert Abel, the 
 pioneer cigar dealer. In 1887, he established 
 an agency office for the sale of steamship 
 tickets, at the same time being a notary pub- 
 lic. In the latter part of that year, he formed 
 a partnership with O. S. Lehman, under the 
 firm name of Schirmer & Lehman. In 1894, 
 Louis Anfenger & Company, general insur- 
 ance and loans, consolidated with and joined 
 the partnership. Four years later, Mr. 
 Schirmer retired from the firm and founded 
 the Schirmer Insurance and Investment Com- 
 pany in 1898. From this time on, Mr. 
 Schirmer branched into larger operations as 
 a financier, and his company became one of 
 the representative investment concerns of the 
 city. He is a shrewd business man, upright 
 and fair in all his dealings. His business in- 
 creased to such a dimension that, when the 
 German American Trust Company was or- 
 ganized, Mr. Schirmer was able to add $300,- 
 000 to the capital of that now well known 
 financial institution. He was elected presi- 
 dent of the German American Trust Com- 
 pany, May 1, 1905, and still holds that posi- 
 tion. 
 
 This trust company has greatly pros- 
 pered under President Schirmer 's adminis- 
 
 tration. On September 1, 1909, the firm 
 moved into its own new and beautiful build- 
 ing erected at a cost of $200,000, on the cor- 
 ner of Seventeenth and Lawrence streets. 
 The interior of the structure is considered 
 equal in modernity and attractiveness to any 
 in Denver. The deposits had now reached 
 $1,000,000, and on May 1, 1910, the capital 
 stock was increased to $500,000. 
 
 Mr. Schirmer is connected with many 
 business interests and investments, with 
 which he holds the following official posi- 
 tions: president of the German- American 
 Trust Company ; vice-president of the Impe- 
 rial Fire Insurance Company, and director in 
 the following companies : The Denver United 
 Breweries (Limited), the Great Western 
 Sugar Company, the German American Real 
 Estate Company, the Harkness Heights Land 
 Company, the Lakeside Realty and Amuse- 
 ment Company, the Teutonic Investment 
 Company, and the Welton Street Investment 
 Company. 
 
 In his social and commercial life, Mr. 
 Schirmer is a member of prominent societies 
 and orders, as follows: East Denver Turn- 
 verein, Bayern Verein, Harugari, Schiller 
 lodge of Odd Fellows, Schiller lodge of 
 Masons, Scottish Rite Masons, and Shriners. 
 He is also a member of the Denver Club, 
 Denver Athletic Club, Denver Traffic Club, 
 Denver Chamber of Commerce, Denver Real 
 Estate Exchange, Civil Service Reform 
 League, and the National Geographical So- 
 ciety. The "German Kaiser, a few years ago, 
 conferred upon Mr. Schirmer the Order of 
 the Crown, Fourth Class, an honor highly 
 prized by German-Americans. 
 
 Mr. Schirmer married, in March, 1905, 
 Miss Anna, daughter of H. P. Nagel, and 
 to them have been born the following child- 
 ren: 
 
 -239 
 
SAMUEL DANFORD NICHOLSON 
 
 240- 
 
SAMUEL DANFORD NICHOLSON. 
 
 XTICHOLSON, SAMUEL DANFORD, min- 
 ing, born February 22, 1859, in Spring- 
 field, Prince Edward Island, Canada, was the 
 son of Donald M. and Catharine (McKenzie) 
 Nicholson. The family is of Scotch descent. 
 In 1841, Malcolm Nicholson, his grandfather, 
 came over from Scotland and settled at 
 Springfield, this island, and his son, Donald 
 M., born 1828, died 1901, was a farmer. 
 
 Samuel D. Nicholson was educated in the 
 common schools of his native town, on the 
 island, and then started out in the world to 
 make his own fortune. After many and 
 varied vicissitudes that developed in him the 
 self-made man, he went to Leadville, arriv- 
 ing in February, 1881, at the great carbon- 
 ate mining camp, of which he was to become 
 mayor a few years later. 
 
 Mr, Nicholson soon became prominently 
 identified with mining interests, and laid the 
 foundation for the wealth that came, through 
 hard work, far-sightedness and business en- 
 terprise. He began as a miner, and was 
 known as a reliable and skilful foreman. He 
 was then advanced to more responsible em- 
 ployment, as mining superintendent and 
 manager. He was connected with the A. Y. 
 
 and Minnie mines, and other valuable prop- 
 erties. Familiarizing himself with all the 
 details of this industry and making a close 
 study of the mining situation and conditions 
 in Leadville, he began to make a fortune 
 for himself. Having become one of the lead- 
 ing as well as popular citizens of Leadville, 
 he was elected mayor, and then re-elected 
 to succeed himself, ably filling that position 
 from 1893 to 1897. He later made Denver 
 his residence. 
 
 Mr. Nicholson is president, general man- 
 ager and a large owner of the Western 
 Mining Company, Leadville, and is interested 
 in various mining enterprises. He has also 
 become prominently identified with other 
 lines of business. He is a director in the 
 American National Bank of Leadville, and 
 also in the Capitol Life Insurance Company. 
 The Holly Sugar Company and other enter- 
 prises represent some of his investments. 
 
 Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Denver 
 Club and the Denver Country Club. 
 
 He married at Leadville, in 1887, 
 Miss Anna Neary, of Clifton Springs, New 
 York. They have two children, Edward 
 and Ruth Helen. 
 
 241 
 
CHARLES WESLEY FRANKLIN 
 
 242 
 
CHARLES WESLEY FRANKLIN 
 
 FRANKLIN, CHARLES WESLEY, law- 
 * yer, born Oct. 20, 1858, near Boonville, 
 Missouri, is the son of Henry and Martha 
 (Jeffries) Franklin. His father, born 1825, 
 died April 13, 1902, was a contractor and 
 carpenter. The subject of this sketch was edu- 
 cated in the High School, Sedalia, Missouri; 
 and attended Central College, Fayette, Mis- 
 souri, 1877; University of Missouri, 1878-81; 
 University of Michigan, 1882-83, graduating 
 from the law department of the latter in 
 June, 1883. 
 
 About 1872, he began serving his ap- 
 prenticeship as the "devil" on the Sedalia 
 (Mo.) Democrat; was then job printer, and 
 also reporter and traveling correspondent 
 for this same paper for about eight years. 
 A. Y. Hull, father of Congressman Hull of 
 Iowa, was its editor, and later succeeded by 
 Major John N. Edwards, one of the ablest 
 American editorial writers. While thus en- 
 gaged in journalism, Mr. Franklin earned 
 part of the money used in his collegiate edu- 
 cation. He earned some of his expenses at 
 the University of Missouri, printing college 
 papers, with W. S. Cowherd, later congress- 
 man from Missouri, being one of the editors. 
 
 Mr. Franklin came to Colorado in 1880, 
 and after remaining in Denver a month, went 
 to Leadville, where he set type on the Herald, 
 later known as the Herald-Democrat. He 
 was foreman of the Leadville Chronicle's 
 job office, at the time that Robert Gauss, now 
 of the Denver Republican, was connected 
 with that paper. While a printer in Lead- 
 ville, he became a member of the typograph- 
 ical union. 
 
 Mr. Franklin was one of the pioneers of 
 Aspen, being a member of the second party 
 that went into that country over the Inde- 
 pendence Trail. Returning to the Uni- 
 versity of Missouri, he studied law, then came 
 back to Colorado, engaging in mining at 
 Ashcroft, also being interested in that town- 
 site. He ran for clerk and recorder of Pitkin 
 county on the democratic ticket, in 1881, 
 and though elected was afterwards admit- 
 tedly counted out. He resumed the practice 
 of the law, and for a time, was in the office 
 of Markham, Patterson & Thomas at Lead- 
 ville, and also in the office of G. G. White, 
 at the same place. He served as assistant 
 district attorney of Lake county, under 
 William Kellogg. He then attended the 
 University of Michigan, and after grad- 
 uating from the legal department, returned 
 to Leadville, where he again became assist- 
 ant to the district attorney, performing a con- 
 siderable share of the business, at a time when 
 
 so much lawlessness prevailed in the min 
 ing camps. In 1885, Mr. Franklin formed 
 a partnership at Aspen with James M. Down- 
 ing, under the firm name of Downing & 
 Franklin, which for several years represented 
 the principal mining interests of that section. 
 They had among their mining clients, H. B. 
 Cowenhoven, D. R. C. Brown, D. H. Moffat, 
 W. S. Cheesman, J. J. Hagerman, Elmer T. 
 Butler, John C. Eames, the Aspen, Emma, 
 Connemara, Deep Mining & Drainage Com- 
 pany, other large mining corporations, to- 
 gether with the water works and electric 
 light companies. They were attorneys for 
 the sideline claimants in the big apex cases. 
 At the same time, Mr. Franklin was the local 
 attorney for the D. & R. G. railroad. 
 
 Coming to Denver in 1893, Mr. Franklin 
 formed a partnership with Lafe Pence, which 
 was dissolved when the latter ran for con- 
 gress a second time. His move to Denver 
 was brought about by the necessity for a more 
 central location for interests represented by 
 him in Denver, Cripple Creek, and Colorado 
 Springs, where his clients had extensive 
 properties, especially in the organization and 
 construction of the Midland Terminal Rail- 
 way, for which he was general counsel. He 
 also became interested in railways in Texas 
 and Central America. At the present time 
 he has extensive mining interests in Gilpin, 
 Summit, Clear Creek, Teller, Pitkin, and 
 other counties of the state. In 1893, he es- 
 tablished a branch office at Cripple Creek, 
 with K. R. Babbitt, as a third member of the 
 firm. 
 
 Mr. Franklin has continued to practice 
 law in Denver, the firm now being Franklin 
 & Tedrow, making a specialty of mining, 
 corporation, irrigation and railway litigation. 
 He is one of the democratic leaders of the 
 state and been prominently mentioned 
 for governor on that ticket. He is prominent 
 in the counsels of his party, from both a state 
 and national standpoint, taking an active 
 part in its conventions, and was chairman 
 for Denver and Colorado of the Democratic 
 National Convention at Denver in 1908. He 
 is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, 
 Traffic Club and the K. P., and is also a di- 
 rector in the Denver Convention League and 
 the Festival of Mountain and Plain ; the Phi 
 Delta Phi, the legal fraternity, and the Beta 
 Theta Pi of Missouri. 
 
 He married at Glenwood Springs, in 
 1887, Miss Carrie May, daughter of John W. 
 Beman of Cripple Creek, Colorado. They 
 have two children: Charles Beman, and 
 Lucile Martha. 
 
 243 
 
HUGH JOHN ALEXANDER 
 
 244 
 
HUGH JOHN ALEXANDER. 
 
 A LEXANDER, HUGH JOHN, banker, 
 " born August 20, 1851, was the son of 
 William Knox and Elizabeth Alexander. He 
 spent the first twenty-two years of his life 
 in Iowa, where he received a common school 
 education. He came to Colorado in 1873, and 
 during his first year's residence in this state 
 lived with some friends on a ranch. The fol- 
 lowing year he went to Colorado Springs, 
 where, for a short time, he was connected 
 with the First National Bank of that city, as 
 bookkeeper and teller. In 1876 he became 
 connected with the Thatcher Brothers bank- 
 ing system in Colorado, which, in addition 
 to their large central bank in Pueblo, also 
 included a number of banking institutions in 
 the southern and southwestern part of the 
 state. In the latter year he removed to Lake 
 City, Colorado, where he became assistant 
 and, later, cashier of the Miners and Mer- 
 chants Bank, owned by the Thatcher Bro- 
 thers at that place. 
 
 When the Thatcher Brothers organized the 
 First National Bank at Silverton, in 1880, 
 Mr. Alexander was sent to that town as 
 cashier for the new bank, but a year later 
 returned to his former position as cashier 
 of the bank at Lake City. In 1884, Mr. Alex- 
 ander, together with the Thatcher Brothers, 
 purchased a controlling interest in the First 
 National Bank of Trinidad, and he removed 
 to that city. Thus, after several years of 
 employment in banking circles, in which he 
 had shown aptitude and skill as a financier, 
 and through judicious investments of his 
 own, Mr. Alexander was able to start in busi- 
 ness for himself. His several years of expe- 
 rience in the positions that had been held 
 
 by him, together with his well known integ- 
 rity and ability, eminently fitted him for a 
 larger and more extensive field of work. 
 He had so long been connected with the 
 Thatcher Brothers with their banks in the 
 San Juan region, in which his efficiency had 
 been shown, that when they became inter- 
 ested in the Trinidad bank, Mr. Alexander 
 was made one of their partners in that insti- 
 tution, a high compliment to his long and 
 faithful service. 
 
 Mr. Alexander remained in Trinidad until 
 1902, when he contemplated a larger and still 
 more extensive field of operation. In that 
 year he came to Denver, and operating in 
 connection with the Thatcher Brothers and 
 Delos A. Chappell, the Continental National 
 Bank of this city was organized. Later it 
 became the Capitol National Bank. Mr. 
 Alexander was its cashier for three years, 
 and is now its first vice-president. 
 
 During a period of thirty-seven years, Mr. 
 Alexander has been connected with Colorado 
 banking institutions, in which he has made 
 an enviable career for honorable and upright 
 dealing, and has established for himself a 
 record as one of the ablest financiers in the 
 state. His long service with the banks in 
 southern and southwestern Colorado, during 
 which he built up a large personal and busi- 
 ness acquaintance, has added strength to 
 the Denver bank with which he is now asso- 
 ciated, with other and able financiers. 
 
 Mr. Alexander married Jennie L. King, 
 daughter of Delos G. King, and to them was 
 born a son, Philip K. Alexander. 
 
 Mr. Alexander is a member of the Denver 
 Country Club and the Colorado Traffic Club. 
 
 245 
 
LEONARD EAGER CURTIS 
 
 246 
 
LEONARD EAGER CURTIS. 
 
 URTIS, LEONARD EAGER, lawyer, born 
 July 23, 1858, Norwalk, Ohio, is the 
 son of Alfred Smith (lawyer, born December 
 9, 1816, died 1886) and Elmina (daughter of 
 Caleb and Anna Adams) Curtis. He is de- 
 scended frfom William Curtis of Tenterden, 
 county of Kent, England, who came on the 
 ship Leon to Boston in 1632, and later settled 
 in Roxbury, Mossachusetts, and also from 
 Nehemiah Smith, England, who sailed for 
 Plymouth in 1637. The English branch of 
 the Curtis family settled in Kent and Sus- 
 sex counties at a very early period. There 
 is a record of Stephen Curtis of Appledore, 
 Kent, about 1450, several of whose descen- 
 dants were mayors of Tenterden. The arms 
 borne by this branch of the family are : Ar- 
 gent : a chevron sable between three bulls' 
 heads cabossed gules ; Crest : a unicorn pas- 
 sant or between four trees ppr. 
 
 Alfred Smith Curtis, his father, a law- 
 yer prominent in his profession, married El- 
 mina Wadams of Fleming Hill, Cayuga coun- 
 ty, New York, whose progenitor was John 
 Wadams, of Wethersfield, Connecticut, 1655. 
 Abigail Smith, mother of Alfred Smith Cur- 
 tis, was a descendant in the seventh genera- 
 tion from Nehemiah Smith of Plymouth, 
 1621-2, later an early settler of the New Ha- 
 ven Colony, removing thence to the vicinity 
 of Norwich, Connecticut. 
 
 Leonard Eager Curtis received his early 
 education in the Oneida high school, Oneida, 
 Illinois, and at Knox college, Galesburg, Illi- 
 nois, and was graduated from Yale (aca- 
 demic) 1872, and the Yale law school, 1874. 
 During the next two years he was in the 
 employ of the legal firm of Stanley, Brown & 
 Clark, New York City. Then, for a short 
 time, he was in partnership with George S. 
 Sedgwick, under the firm name of Sedgwick 
 & Curtis, after which he became the junior 
 partner of Stanley, Brown & Clark, one of 
 the great law firms of New York. Retiring 
 from general practice in 1880, he was ap- 
 pointed secretary and general counsel for 
 the United States Electric Lighting Com- 
 pany, one of the pioneer electric corpora- 
 tions. From that time until 1896, he devoted 
 himself mainly to the great patent litigation 
 which arose between different interests, final- 
 ly centering in the Westinghouse Electric & 
 Manufacturing Company and the General 
 Electric Company. Mr. Curtis was execu- 
 tive counsel on the Westinghouse side of this 
 litigation, which was very extensive and 
 complicated, involving all phases of modern 
 
 development in electric light and power. His 
 law firms during most of this time were 
 Duncan, Curtis & Page, and Kerr & Curtis. 
 The litigation terminated in 1896, and his 
 health breaking down, Mr. Curtis came to 
 Colorado, locating at Colorado Springs, 
 which has since been his residence. Having 
 recovered his health, he resumed the general 
 practice of law, and, in 1899, formed a part- 
 nership with his brother-in-law, Mr. Henry 
 Hine, under the firm name of Curtis & Hine, 
 for taking up the construction and operation 
 of electric power plants. They built on the 
 coal fields near Colorado Springs, the plant 
 which is now the principal one of the Colo- 
 rado Springs Light, Heat & Power Company. 
 Soon after, they began operations in Mex- 
 ico, organizing the Guanajuato Power & 
 Electric Company, and afterward the Mich- 
 oacan Power Company, and the Central Mex- 
 ico Light & Power Company, now operating 
 in the state of Guanajuato, Michoacan, San 
 Luis Potosi and Jalisco, comprising the cen- 
 tral part of Mexico. Curtis & Hine are the 
 general managers of these extensive corpor- 
 ations; Mr. Curtis is also the vice-president 
 and treasurer of all the companies. 
 
 Afterward they organized the Animas 
 Power & Water Company, constructing a 
 large plant on the Animas river between Sil- 
 verton and Durango, but later retired from 
 the company. In 1906, they took a promin- 
 ent part in the organization of the Central 
 Colorado Power Company and in the con- 
 struction of its plants on the Grand river 
 near Glenwood Springs, but retiring about a 
 year ago from the management of that com- 
 pany, they are now devoting themselves to 
 their Mexican enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Curtis is a member of the following 
 organizations: El Paso Club, Cheyenne 
 Mountain Country Club, Colorado Springs 
 Golf Club, Colorado Springs Winter Night 
 Club (president), Automobile Club of Colo- 
 rado Springs (president), Denver Club, 
 American Bar Association, New York Bar 
 Association, Colorado Bar Association, El 
 Paso County Bar Association, Lawyer's 
 Club, New York, and American Institute of 
 Electrical Engineers. 
 
 Mr. Curtis married, in New York City, 
 July 9, 1879, Miss Charlotte Stanley, daugh- 
 ter of Henry M. and Phoebe Hine of Connec- 
 ticut. They have four children: Leonard 
 Eager Jr., Alfred Stanley, Elizabeth Stanley, 
 (married to Eric A. Swenson), and Helen 
 Hope (married to Albin C. Swenson). 
 
 247 
 
CHARLES MEIGS SCHENCK. 
 
 SCHENCK, CHARLES MEIGS, general 
 merchandise, son of Washington Lafaye- 
 ette (1825-1910) and Julia (Bliss) Schenck, 
 was born January 3, 1850, in Franklin, "SVar- 
 ren county, Ohio. The Schencks are an old 
 Holland family, with a history reaching back 
 to the Barons von Teutenburg, A. D. 880, from 
 which a branch, known as the Schencks van 
 Nydeck, was an offshoot in 1225. The immi- 
 
 Niddegem; born at Gosh, 1543; Knight, 
 Lord of Teutenburg, free lance and soldier 
 of fortune, whose adventurous life and 
 tragic death at the night attack upon the 
 city of Nymegen, August 10, 1589, are graph- 
 ically described by Motley in his history of 
 the United Netherlands. 
 
 Koelof Martense, son of the American 
 progenitor of the family, born at Amers- 
 
 CHARLES MEIGS SCHENCK 
 
 grant ancestor of Qharles Meigs Schenck was 
 Martin Pieterse Schenck van Nydeck, born 
 at Doesburg, Holland, August 7, 1584, who, 
 with his sons, Roelof Martense and Jan, and 
 his daughter, Anetje, arrived at Nieu Am- 
 sterdam, June 28, 1650, on the ship Vale- 
 kener, which sailed from Holland in March 
 of that year. This Martin Pieterse was the 
 nephew of General Sir Martin Schenck of 
 
 foort, Holland, 1619, died at Flatlands, Long 
 Island, New York, 1704, was a prominent 
 official on Long Island, where he was a mag- 
 istrate and captain of horse for King's 
 county. He married Neeltje Gerretsen von 
 Couwenhoven, and their son, Gerrit Roelofse, 
 married Neeltje Coerten von Yoorhees. Ger- 
 rit was an officer in the provincial militia, 
 and a member of the general assembly of 
 
 248 
 
New Jersey, 1721-1726, and died September 
 5, 1745. His son, Koert Gerretse (1702-1771), 
 a native of New Jersey, married Mary Pe- 
 terse von Couenhoven. 
 
 The Reverend William Schenck (1740- 
 1823), next in line of descent, was graduated 
 from Nassau Hall, College of New Jersey, 
 now Princeton University, in 1767 ; was 
 chaplain in the army of the American Revo- 
 lution, and a prominent clergyman in the 
 Presbyterian Church. He married Anna 
 Cumming, grand-daughter of Catherine Van 
 Brugh Noble, who was the grand-daughter 
 of Johannes Pieterse Verbrugge and Catrina 
 Roelofse van Maesterlandt. Catrina 's mother 
 was the celebrated Anneke Jans, a name 
 notorious in connection with the Anneke 
 Jans sometimes called the Bogardus es- 
 tate, consisting of sixty acres of land, in the 
 present Trinity Church district of New York 
 City, the heirs to which now number hun- 
 dreds of thousands. 
 
 Garret Alexander (son of the Reverend 
 William Schenck), born at Pittsgrove, New 
 Jersey, April 20, 1783, died at Franklin, 
 Ohio, January 8, 1836, married Mary Plume. 
 He and his brothers were distinguished in 
 the early history of Ohio. His brothers, 
 William C. and Peter T., were both officers 
 in the war of 1812, the latter losing his life 
 in the service. Another brother, William 
 Rogers Schenck, was killed on the Santa Fe 
 Trail with the late General Albert Pike, in 
 1832. Still another brother, James Findlay 
 Schenck, was distinguished in the navy, from 
 which he retired as rear admiral in 1869. 
 Robert Cumming Schenck, another brother, 
 served several terms in congress; attained 
 the rank of major general in the civil war; 
 was minister to Brazil, 1851-1853, and min- 
 ister to Great Britain, 1871-1876. 
 
 Washington Lafayette Schenck (son of 
 Garret), born Franklin, Ohio, February 14, 
 1825, died Topeka, Kansas, January 4, 1910, 
 married Julia Bliss, daughter of Joshua and 
 Nancy Waldron Bliss of Calais, Vermont, 
 and they were the parents of Charles M. 
 Schenck, the subject of this sketch. Wash- 
 ington Lafayette Schenck was one of the 
 eminent physicians of his day ; was surgeon 
 of the Seventeenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; 
 member, American Medical Association, 
 1852-1908, and its first vice-president in 1888 ; 
 was president Kansas State Medical Society 
 in 1877, and was prominent in his profession 
 in both public and private life. He was a 
 member of the Military Order of the Loyal 
 Legion, and a Knight Templar. 
 
 Charles Meigs Schenck attended the pri- 
 
 vate schools at Franklin, Ohio, and Antioch 
 College, Ohio, 1868-1871, leaving college at 
 the close of his junior year, going to Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, where he resided until 1881. 
 In 1865, he was clerk in the provost mar- 
 shal's office, at Dayton, Ohio, and clerk in 
 the freight office of the Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railroad, at Burlington, Iowa, 
 1871-1872. For several years he was book- 
 keeper, general salesman, cashier and vice- 
 president with different firms in the dry 
 goods and coal business. From 1884 to 1894, 
 he was president of the Western Supply 
 Company, conducting general supply stores 
 in Illinois and Iowa. In 1884-1885, he was 
 secretary of the Ottumwa and Kirksville 
 Railway; secretary and general auditor of 
 the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, Den- 
 ver, Colorado, 1892-1893; president, the 
 Colorado and Wyoming Railway Company, 
 and vice-president, the Crystal River Rail- 
 road Company, 1902. Since 1893, he has 
 been president and treasurer of the Colorado 
 Supply Company, which operates thirty gen- 
 eral merchandise stores in Colorado and 
 Wyoming. 
 
 Mr. Schenck always took an active part 
 in athletics, and especially in rowing and 
 sculling. His many handsome rowing medals 
 were stolen in 1908. He is a Knight Tem- 
 plar, thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Ma- 
 son, and a Shriner; is a member of the Den- 
 ver Club, Denver Athletic Club ; Minnequa 
 Club, Pueblo ; Military Order of the Loyal 
 Legion ; Colorado Society, Archaeological In- 
 stitute of America (executive board, and 
 former treasurer) ; Colorado Traffic Club, 
 and other leading societies and organiza- 
 tions, including the First Unitarian Society 
 of Denver, of which he is a trustee and presi- 
 dent of the board. Mr. Schenck first came 
 to Colorado in September, 1885. 
 
 He married, September 8, 1875, at Belvi- 
 dere, Illinois, Mary Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Albert and Elizabeth Ellis Stone, who, at 
 an early day, had removed from Sharon, 
 Massachusetts, to Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Schenck are both prominent in the church 
 and social life of the city, and to them have 
 been born the following children: Julia 
 (Mrs. S. B. Foote, Denver Colorado) ; Mar- 
 tha, graduate of Wellesley College ; Charles, 
 deceased; Paul Albert, graduate of Cornell 
 University; Gertrude (Mrs. H. W. Hockbaum 
 of Greeley), who was a student at the Na- 
 tional Park Seminary, Washington, D. C., 
 and is a graduate of the State Normal 
 School, Greeley, Colorado; and Harriet, de- 
 ceased. 
 
 249 
 
JULIUS CALDEEN GUNTER 
 
 250 
 
JULIUS CALDEEN GUNTER. 
 
 QUNTER, JULIUS CALDEEN, lawyer, 
 ^^ born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, October 
 31, 1858, is the son of Thomas Monticue 
 and Marcella (Jackson) Gunter, of distin- 
 guished southern lineage. His father, 
 Thomas M. Gunter, was born in Middle Ten- 
 nessee, September 18, 1826, received a classi- 
 cal education, and was graduated from Irv- 
 ing College in 1850. He then studied law 
 and entered upon the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Fayetteville, Ark., in 1853, and 
 soon became eminent at the bar, and a polit- 
 ical leader in his state. He served in the 
 confederate army, and was colonel of the 
 Thirteenth Arkansas Volunteers, making the 
 record of a brave and gallant officer. At the 
 close of the civil war, Colonel Gunter re- 
 sumed the practice of the law, in Fayette- 
 ville. He was a distinguished orator of that 
 state, having taken a prominent part in the 
 proceedings of the state convention of 1861, 
 of which he was a member. From 1866 to 
 1868, he was prosecuting attorney, bringing 
 into display that forensic ability which so 
 distinguished him later in the halls of con- 
 gress. 
 
 Colonel Gunter was elected to congress, 
 successfully contesting the seat of W. W. 
 AVilshire, in the Forty-third Congress, re- 
 ceiving his seat June 16, 1874. Colonel 
 Gunter was a democrat, and was re-elected 
 to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth 
 and Forty-seventh congresses, ably repre- 
 senting his district in northwestern Arkan- 
 sas, for ten years in the national house of 
 representatives. 
 
 Julius C. Gunter, the son, through his 
 mother, Marcella Jackson, is descended from 
 the illustrious McCreary family of Kentucky. 
 She died in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1859. 
 He was graduated from the University of 
 Virginia, taking the classical course. He 
 then entered the law department, but before 
 graduating therefrom, he was compelled to 
 discontinue his legal studies, owing to ill 
 health. In 1880, he came to Colorado, and, 
 
 with restored health, applied for examina- 
 tion, and was admitted to the bar in Sep- 
 tember, 1881. He entered upon the practice 
 of the law in Trinidad, which for several 
 years was his Colorado residence. He be- 
 came judge of the Third Judicial District 
 of Colorado, in January, 1889, for a term of 
 six years. Judge Gunter then resumed and 
 continued his law practice until appointed 
 by Governor J. B. Orman a member of the 
 Colorado State Court of Appeals. Later, 
 upon the union of this court with the su- 
 preme bench, Judge Gunter became a mem- 
 ber of the Colorado Supreme Court, and 
 after filling this position with honor to him- 
 self and the state, he resumed the practice 
 of the law, and also conducting the several 
 successful business enterprises in which he 
 is interested. As a judge, he was fearless, 
 as he was just, and throughout the state and 
 the west he ranks pre-eminent as a lawyer 
 and a jurist and a gentleman of the highest 
 personal integrity. 
 
 In the state campaign of 1910, Chief Jus- 
 tice Steele, who had been re-nominated by 
 the democrats for that office, died before 
 election, and a bitter political feud in the 
 party was developed, as to who should be 
 placed on the ticket to fill this vacancy in 
 the nomination. Judge Gunter was unani- 
 mously selected and his name placed on the 
 democratic state ticket for the supreme 
 court. This political feud and split in his 
 party caused the defeat of Judge Gunter and 
 most of the democratic state ticket. Under 
 the peculiar conditions that came up which 
 brought defeat, Judge Gunter made a splen- 
 did campaign, and came out of the fight 
 with an honorable career untarnished, and 
 he still remains a political leader in the fore- 
 front of his party. 
 
 Judge Gunter married, in Trinidad, April 
 30, 1884, Miss Elizabeth, the accomplished 
 daughter of S. T. and Anna (Bryan) Brown 
 of that city, but they now make Denver 
 their home. 
 
 251 
 
FRANK NEWTON BRIGGS 
 
 252- 
 
FRANK NEWTON BRIGGS. 
 
 TDRIGGS FRANK NEWTON, banker and 
 ** financier, was born at Wilton Junction, 
 Muscatine county, Iowa, September 21, 1859, 
 the son of Elija Clark and Rachael J. 
 (Byers) Briggs. His father was born in 
 Vermont in 1831 and died at Wilton Junc- 
 tion, Iowa, in 1861. His mother was the 
 daughter of Moses and Mary (Branden- 
 burg) Byers. Honorable Wm. N. Byers, a 
 pioneer of Denver and the founder of the 
 Rocky Mountain News, was his uncle. 
 
 Mr. Briggs received his only education 
 in the public schools of Iowa, being early 
 compelled to devote nearly all of his time 
 to wage earning in order to help support a 
 widowed mother with her other three child- 
 ren. He worked on the farms around Wash- 
 ington, Iowa, during several summers and 
 in 1879 he was offered a position in the Den- 
 ver postoffice at $500 per year. He was then 
 nineteen years of age and having never re- 
 ceived more than $11 or $12 per month, this 
 seemed a very liberal salary and he imme- 
 diately accepted the position. He was com- 
 pelled to borrow $70 from friends to buy 
 his railroad ticket and equipment for the 
 trip to Denver, and reached here on April 
 30, 1879. 
 
 He early displayed an abundance of 
 energy and determination, traits of charac- 
 ter in a young man that always give promise 
 of success and honors, and the way young 
 Briggs grappled with difficulties offers a 
 striking example to the younger generation 
 of what may be achieved by the application 
 of these desirable traits. 
 
 In 1883 he resigned his position in the 
 Denver postoffice where, at that time, he was 
 Chief of City Distribution and Superintend- 
 ent of Letter Carriers, and went over into 
 Grand county, Colorado, where he soon estab- 
 lished himself in a general merchandise busi- 
 ness in partnership with his cousin, Frank 
 S. Byers. 
 
 Mr. Briggs was appointed postmaster at 
 Hot Sulphur Springs and in 1886 he was 
 elected County Judge of Grand county and 
 served for a full term. From 1896 to 1902 
 he was the editor and proprietor of the Vic- 
 tor Daily Record at Victor, Colorado. This 
 was during the boom days of Cripple Creek 
 District, and he was one of the most promi- 
 nent factors in the business and political 
 life of the district during those exciting 
 days. 
 
 Mr. Briggs served as chairman of the 
 
 Silver Republican Party and the Republican 
 Party of Teller County for several years 
 and was prominent in state politics during 
 that time, since when he lias taken no dis- 
 tinctively active part in politics. 
 
 In 1902 he sold the Victor Record and 
 established himself in the banking business 
 in Grand county, just ahead of the advent 
 of the Moffat Railroad. He acquired all of 
 the right-of-way for the railroad through 
 Grand county and acted as its financial and 
 confidential agent for several years. He 
 established the Bank of Grand County, the 
 Bank of Kremmling, and the Fraser Valley 
 Bank. These were the first banks ever or- 
 ganized in Grand county. He acted as cash- 
 ier of the Bank of Grand County for several 
 years and was later elected president. 
 
 May 1, 1908, Mr. Briggs was elected to 
 the cashiership of the Interstate Savings 
 Bank, and moved to Denver. The growth 
 of the bank was so marked and its pros- 
 perity was so satisfactory to the stockholders 
 that he was elected president in January, 
 1911. 
 
 In 1909, Mr. Briggs organized the first 
 bank in Englewood, Colorado, and called it 
 the Arapahoe State Bank. This was con- 
 verted into the First National Bank of Engle- 
 wood in December, 1910, and he was elected 
 president, building up a strong financial in- 
 stitution. 
 
 Every enterprise in which Mr. Briggs has 
 been actively identified has had wonderful 
 prosperity and financial success. No obsta- 
 cles were too great for him to overcome in 
 the performance of his duties, no matter 
 under what auspices. 
 
 Mr. Briggs is a member of Union Lodge 
 No. 7, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, 
 and also of Colorado Chapter No. 29, Royal 
 Arch Masons. He is a member of the Colo- 
 rado Traffic Club and also the Central Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 He is well known in social, as well as 
 business circles, being of a genial, sociable 
 nature, and is among the strongest and 
 most loyal "boosters" of Denver and Colo- 
 rado and has ever been ready with funds and 
 otherwise, to assist in any cause to further 
 the interests of both. 
 
 Mr. Briggs was married in 1888 at Wash- 
 ington, Iowa, to Miss Nannie Eyestone. Her 
 father was W. J. Eyestone, now dead. They 
 have no children. 
 
 253 
 
DAVID DUFF SEERIE 
 
 254 
 
DAVID DUFF SEERIE. 
 
 CEERIE, DAVID DUFF, contractor, manu- 
 ^ facturer, born in Scotland, March 11, 1862, 
 is the son of Edward (now 72 years of age), 
 and Margaret (Duff) Seerie, who has reached 
 the age of 69 years. He was educated in the 
 common schools of Scotland, and coming to 
 Denver in 1880, worked at his trade as a 
 stone cutter. From a small beginning, Mr. 
 Seerie has worked up a large business, until 
 he has become not only one of the leading 
 business men of Colorado, but also of the 
 entire middle west. Thrift, energy, backed 
 faith in himself and good executive ability, 
 together with a quick insight into the future 
 and possibilities of Colorado, were all utilized 
 by him, in reaching his well deserved success. 
 
 After obtaining a start, he became associated 
 in 1885, with William F. Geddis in the con- 
 tracting business under the firm name of 
 Geddis & Seerie. His partner, also one of 
 the prominent men of the state, and with 
 whom he has been associated for many years, 
 has, with Mr. Seerie, been engaged in some 
 of the largest and most important construc- 
 tion work in the west. The firm soon es- 
 tablished a reputation that stands second to 
 none, and obtained many large and responsi- 
 ble contracts. So successful was the firm 
 that later they confined their operations only 
 to large contracts. 
 
 They built the Cheesman Dam, for the 
 Denver Water Company. This dam, with 
 the exception of the new Roosevelt dam, is 
 the largest in the world. It contains the 
 large Denver water supply, and in its con- 
 struction, may well be considered one of the 
 wonders of the west. Engineers from all 
 parts of the world, have favorably commented 
 on its massive structure, solidity and safety 
 of construction, as a gigantic piece of work 
 that has been well and substantially built. 
 This feat alone is sufficient to establish for 
 them a lasting and permanent reputation of 
 the highest character. They also constructed 
 the large Pathfinder Dam in Wyoming. 
 
 A lasting 'monument to the well deserved 
 reputation of Geddis & Seerie is the State 
 
 Capitol Building, which they constructed, 
 the most imposing structure in Denver or the 
 Rocky Mountain region. To their list of 
 building achievements, must also be added 
 the Brown Palace Hotel in Denver. Branch- 
 ing out into other fields, they built the Omaha 
 Post Office. 
 
 There followed a period of dull times after 
 the financial depression of a few years ago, 
 and large contracts, which they only desired 
 to take, being scarce, contract work in this 
 section was discontinued, and here they have 
 branched into a new line and avenue of em- 
 ployment in building up the Denver 
 Sewer Pipe & Clay Company of which they 
 are the owners. This is one of the largest 
 plants in the west, and the same success has 
 followed them in this newer enterprise. The 
 firm manufactures brick and sewer pipe, 
 and their plant has developed into a vast 
 enterprise that covers twenty-five acres and 
 employs 270 men, one of the largest payrolls 
 in Denver, being as it is, one of the leading 
 manufacturing establishments in the city. 
 
 Mr. Seerie now, has no outside interests, 
 is public spirited, and is a booster, which, in 
 fact, he has been since he came to Denver in 
 1880, for the faith he then had in the future 
 and resources of Colorado, has been a promi- 
 nent feature of his own success. 
 
 Mr. Seerie was the last sheriff of old 
 Arapahoe county, filling the office with ability 
 and carrying into it the good common sense 
 methods he had used in private business. 
 He was a member of the Board of Public 
 Works for two years. He is a 32nd degree 
 Mason; Knight Templar; Past Potentate 
 El Jebel Temple, Mystic Shrine; Elk; Odd 
 Fellow; and a member of the Denver Club, 
 Overland Club, Country Club, and the Denver 
 Athletic Club. 
 
 He married in 1887, Margaret Price, born 
 in Iowa City, Iowa, and an early resident of 
 Boulder, the ceremony being performed in 
 the Methodist Church, 14th and Lawrence 
 Sts., Denver, Colorado. She died in 1906. 
 They had no childrei. 
 
 -255 
 
MAXIMILIAN KUNER. 
 
 UNER, MAXIMILIAN, for many years 
 president of the Kuner Pickle Com- 
 pany, has been the grand old man in the 
 business world of Denver and Colorado. At 
 
 "Max" Kuner has occupied a prominent 
 place. His genius for organization, as evi- 
 denced in his own business, is recognized by 
 his fellow citizens and demands upon his 
 
 MAXIMILIAN KUNER 
 
 the age of eighty-seven he still devotes a 
 good part of each working day to the multi- 
 farious duties of the important industry h 
 has developed and now, as always, he is ever 
 ready to take off his coat and go to work 
 for the common good of the city of his adop- 
 tion. 
 
 In every enterprise of a public character 
 
 time and energy naturally follow. 
 
 The Colorado Manufacturers' Associa- 
 tion, organized in 1906, is the growth of 
 "Max" Kuner 's brain. The prime object 
 of this organization is to furnish mutual pro- 
 tection and assistance to the shippers of the 
 state. Mr. Kuner had felt the burden of un- 
 just freight rates and with characteristic 
 
 256 
 
vigor and wisdom he set about to secure re- 
 dress of the evils from which he was suf- 
 fering. 
 
 The plans proposed at the meeting of 
 shippers, who assembled in response to the 
 call signed by Mr. Kuner, C. D. Griffith and 
 others, were immediately adopted and the 
 Manufacturers' Association sprang into be- 
 ing. This organization, though onlv five 
 years old, is easily the most influential as- 
 sociation of business men in the state. 
 Through their agency millions of dollars' 
 worth of merchandise is routed over the dif- 
 ferent roads of Colorado every year. 
 
 The story of ' ' Max ' ' Kuner 's life is a ro- 
 mance of struggle, disappointment, adver- 
 sity and finally successful achievement. It 
 is a page whereon is written the evidence 
 that unconquerable spirit and sturdy deter- 
 mination will win their reward, just as sure- 
 ly as water runs down hill. 
 
 Maximilian Kuner was born December 4, 
 1824, at Lindau, Bavaria, son of Rudolph 
 and Mary (Von Schelhorn) Kuner. His 
 father died at Marshalltown, Iowa. At the 
 age of 23 he came to this country in com- 
 pany with four brothers and landed at New 
 Orleans. After varying vicissitudes he final- 
 ly settled at Vicksburg and began work at 
 his trade of watchmaking. 
 
 In a few years he had acquired a profit- 
 able business. He was prosperous and hap- 
 py in the new country. Then came the civil 
 conflict that divided north and south and in 
 one day Mr. Kuner saw the results of thirty 
 years of untiring industry swept away. The 
 siege of Vicksburg left him practically pen- 
 niless. 
 
 After the war he moved to St. Louis, 
 Missouri, engaging in the pickle business, 
 and was instrumental in his brother, J. C. 
 Kuner, beginning the same kind of business 
 in Denver. He reached the city in 1886 and 
 then at the age of sixty-two, when most men 
 are beginning to settle down to the peace 
 and quiet of an advancing old age, he took 
 in renewed draughts of the fountain of 
 youth, and began the foundations of another 
 fortune and of a more successful career than 
 he had yet enjoyed. 
 
 In 1872, J. C. Kuner, a brother, had 
 started the Kuner Pickle Company in Den- 
 ver. When "Max" Kuner became connect- 
 ed with the business in 1886 it was organized 
 into a corporation with a capitalization of 
 sixty thousand dollars. Two years later, J. 
 C. Kuner retired from business and "Max" 
 Kuner became president and general mana- 
 ger. 
 
 Under his capable direction the business 
 increased rapidly. The capital stock was 
 increased in 1893 to one hundred thousand 
 dollars and greater territory was added to 
 the area already covered. 
 
 At the present time the Kuner Pickle 
 Company does an annual business of over 
 four hundred thousand dollars, and supplies 
 the trade in all the western states, agents 
 traveling for the house in Colorado, Utah, 
 Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico and Texas. 
 The principal factory is located at Denver, 
 with branch factories at Brighton, Platts- 
 ville and Greeley. 
 
 The business has an annual payroll of 
 eighty thousand dollars and furnishes em- 
 ployment for one hundred persons and there 
 are about one thousand depending upon the 
 industry for support. Thus from a small be- 
 ginning has been built up under "Max" 
 Kuner 's energy and straight business meth- 
 ods one of the leading organizations in the 
 industry in this country. 
 
 The principal products of manufacture 
 are pickles, tomato catsups, baked beans and 
 various condiments. Besides providing em- 
 ployment for a goodly number the firm ex- 
 pends large sums of money yearly among 
 the farmers and vegetable raisers of the 
 state, from whom the materials are pur- 
 chased. 
 
 Mr. Kuner is the type of splendid citizen- 
 ship which constitutes a city's real great- 
 ness. Any movement making for the ad- 
 vancement of Denver or Colorado has had 
 his enthusiastic support. He is an active 
 member of the Denver Chamber of Com- 
 merce, serving for many years on the board 
 of directors. He was one of the organizers 
 of the Colorado Manufacturers' Association 
 and the Traffic Club. Mr. Kuner has also at- 
 tained a high degree in Masonic circles. 
 
 Mr. Kuner was married at New Orleans, 
 November 11, 1856, to Susan Rectanaus, of 
 New Orleans. His home life has been an 
 ideal one, and without doubt has been an in- 
 spiration for the success he has enjoyed. 
 Now, after a lifetime of conscientious effort, 
 not the least of his blessings is the sight of 
 his children and their children's children 
 growing up about him. 
 
 Five daughters were born to Mr. Kuner. 
 There are seven grandchildren, all boys, and 
 four great grandchildren, all girls. Mr. 
 Kuner 's daughters are Mrs. L. E. Wether- 
 bee of Brighton, Mrs. E. Meyer, Mrs. L. W. 
 Waters, Miss Katherine Kuner and Miss 
 Mary Kuner. His grandson, Karl Kuner 
 Meyer, is associated with him in business. 
 
 257 
 
ADOLPH HERMAN JOSEPH COORS 
 
 258 
 
ADOLPH HERMAN JOSEPH COORS. 
 
 OORS, ADOLPH HERMAN JOSEPH, 
 born at Barmen, Rhein provinz, Prussia, 
 February 4, 1847, is the son of Johann 
 Joseph and Helena (Hein) Coors. His 
 father, a trade miller, was born February 
 25, 1816, at Brakel, Westphalia, Prussia, and 
 died November 24, 1862, at Dortmund. His 
 mother, Helena Hein, born November 20, 
 1816, at Barmen, died April 2, 1862, at Dort- 
 mund, Westphalia, Prussia. 
 
 Mr. Coors was educated in the public 
 schools at Barmen and Dortmund. He was 
 apprenticed in the book and stationery store 
 of Andrea & Company, Ruhrort, Prussia, 
 from November, 1860, until June 4, 1862. 
 
 Mr. Coors then became interested in the 
 work of the brewers, in which line he later 
 became a prominent manufacturer. From 
 July 1, 1862, until May, 1867, he was with 
 Heinrich Wenker, brewer, Dortmund, as 
 clerk and apprentice the first three years, 
 and then worked there as a brewer until 
 May, 1867. During the following year he 
 traveled through Germany, working at his 
 trade in Cassel, Berlin and Uelzen. Emigrat- 
 ing from Hamburg, he settled in Chicago 
 the latter part of May, 1868. During that 
 summer he worked at his trade in that city; 
 and the winter following was employed with 
 pick and shovel on the Chicago Canal, and 
 later as fireman. He worked as an appren- 
 tice bricklayer and stonecutter during the 
 next spring and summer. 
 
 Mr. Coors then returned to the brewery 
 business, and from August 11, 1869, until 
 January 22, 1872, was brewery foreman at 
 Naperville, Illinois. Coming to Denver in 
 
 April, 1872, he was employed as a gardener 
 for about a month. In June he started in 
 the bottling business, continuing in the same 
 until October, 1873. Mr. Coors then re- 
 moved to Golden, Colorado, where he es- 
 tablished a brewery, with Jacob Schueler 
 as a partner. After the purchase of a site, 
 a small building was erected. Succeeding in 
 business the plant was gradually enlarged 
 until it became one of the largest and best 
 equipped in the state. In 1880 Mr. Coors 
 purchased his partner's interest, continuing 
 the business and making still further ad- 
 ditions and improvements. In July, 1909, 
 he admitted his son, Adolph, Jr., as a part- 
 ner. 
 
 From the successful merchant and busi- 
 ness man, he, with increase of wealth, began 
 to invest also in other enterprises, and in 
 time became one of the most prosperous men 
 in the commercial history of Colorado. He 
 is now also especially interested in the 
 United States Portland Cement Company, 
 of which he is the president, the concern 
 owning and operating extensive works at 
 Concrete, Colorado. 
 
 Mr. Coors is one of that fine type of Ger- 
 mans who have become prominent in the 
 history of Colorado. He married April 12, 
 1879, Louise Magdalena Weber, born July 
 28, 1861, whose parents still reside in Den- 
 ver. Mr. and Mrs. Coors have six children: 
 Louise Magdalena, born March 2, 1880 ; 
 Auguste Marie, born December 26, 1881 ; 
 Adolph Joseph, born January 12, 1884 ; 
 Bertha Clara, born June 24, 1886. Grover 
 Cleveland, born October 20, 1888; Herman 
 Frederick, born July 20, 1890. 
 
 -259 
 
FREDERICK FREDOLIN NEEF 
 
 260 
 
FREDERICK FREDOLIN NEEF. 
 
 XTEEF, FREDERICK FREDOLIN, 
 ^ brewer, son of Rudolph and Paulina 
 (Ambruster) Neef, was born at Wolfach in the 
 Black Forest, Baden, Germany, March 6, 
 1847. His grandfather, Louis Neef for many 
 years engaged in the meat business in Baden, 
 was a captain in the army, served with Na- 
 poleon in his Moscow campaign, and was 
 severely wounded during his military career. 
 His son, Rudolph (1821-1884) was one of the 
 most prominent business men of his section, 
 being an extensive dealer in real estate, cattle 
 and horses, and for several years was mayor 
 of Wolfach. His wife, Paulina, born in 1826, 
 died in 1880. He married twice, and died 
 at the age of 65. He was the originator of the 
 Kiefernadeln oil (the original St. Jacob's 
 Oil) which he manufactured from certain 
 pine tree needles, from which St. Jacob's oil 
 has been produced, the two being alike, ex- 
 cept that the American product has coal for 
 its principal ingredient. 
 
 His son, Frederick Neef was educated in 
 the common schools of Wolfach, and the 
 gymnasium, and after coming to the United 
 States, attended the night school of the 
 Mound City Commercial College, St. Louis, 
 Mo. Mr. Neef speaks, reads and writes 
 English, German, French, Italian and Span- 
 ish. At the age of 17, he became a clerk in 
 the Credit Lyonaise, at Lyons, France, one 
 of the largest banking firms of that country. 
 Later he was a traveling salesman and then 
 assistant manager for a house in Lyons, car- 
 rying on an extensive raw silk business, their 
 
 annual trade being from 15,000,000 francs to 
 25,000,000 francs. 
 
 Mr. Neef came to the United States in 
 1871, settling in St. Louis. His uncle, Fredo- 
 lin Neef, who immigrated to this country 
 in 1848, a union soldier in the civil war and 
 a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
 died in Denver in 1903, having made his 
 home with Max Neef for a number of years. 
 
 On his arrival in 1871 in St. Louis, he was 
 engaged for a year by a wholesale wall paper 
 firm, and later was bookkeeper and salesman 
 for a large wholesale house in Omaha, and 
 came to Denver in 1873. With his brother, 
 Maximilian, the firm of Fred Neef & Brother 
 was established, and in 1891, purchased the 
 Western Brewery, changing the name to the 
 Neef Brothers Brewery, an extensive estab- 
 lishment, that has built up a large trade 
 throughout the west. He started in Denver 
 with a capital of $300, and in a few years was 
 conducting a business involving hundreds 
 of thousands of dollars. In addition to the 
 brewery, Mr. Neef has other extensive in- 
 terests and has become one of the wealthy 
 men of the state, through his energy, pluck, 
 and perseverance. He is a man of fine ex- 
 ecutive ability. 
 
 He is a member of the Turnverein; the 
 Denver Athletic Club, and the Elks. He 
 married in Denver, in 1877,\ Miss Carrie 
 Weigele a native of Indiana, and sister of 
 William Weigele of this city. Of the five 
 children born to them, one only is living, 
 Emil, who is enaged in business with his 
 father. 
 
 261 
 
JAMES JOSEPH BROWN 
 
 262 
 
JAMES JOSEPH BROWN 7 . 
 
 "DROWN, JAMES JOSEPH, mining, born 
 -' in Wymart, Wayne county, Pa., Sep. 27, 
 1854, is the son of John and Cecelia (Pal- 
 mer) Brown. His father came from Ireland 
 to Canada, and removing to Pa. in 1848, there 
 met Miss Palmer, a school teacher, who be- 
 came his. wife. 
 
 Both in his education, and in his business, 
 Mr. Brown worked his way up to the front. 
 Resolved upon obtaining an education, but 
 without the opportunity presented in the 
 regular way, he attended night school in his 
 native state. Then, the mining excitements in 
 the Black Hills, Leadville and other points in 
 the Rocky Mountains, lured him to the west, 
 where, in these after years, he became known 
 as one of its most prosperous and successful 
 miners. In 1877, he followed the excitement 
 and rush to the Black Hills, in the Dakotas, 
 in the old time rough days of mining in that 
 region, so often interspersed with Indian 
 raids, and the many dangers of the frontier. 
 Here he was engaged in placer and other min- 
 ing enterprises. 
 
 About this time, the great carbonate ex- 
 citement, that was attracting world-wide at- 
 tention, also induced him to try his fortune 
 in Colorado, and, coming to this state in 1880, 
 he engaged in mining in Georgetown, Lead- 
 ville, and other places. He became especially 
 known, as well as interested, in Leadville, 
 but for a time, followed the rush to the Gun- 
 nison, in the mining boom of the western 
 slope. During this period, he spent two years 
 in Aspen and Ashcroft. 
 
 Appreciative of his mining ability and 
 skill as well as his good judgment, David H. 
 Moffat and Eben Smith, added his name to 
 their list of practical operators. He was in 
 their employ about fourteen years, enjoying 
 
 their trust and confidence, engaged in some 
 of their largest enterprises, and assisting in 
 the development of their most valuable min- 
 ing properties. His services were especially 
 in demand by his employers in exploiting 
 and directing underground developments. 
 He had a special genius for practical and eco- 
 nomic geology, having charge of this phase 
 of the mining where these wealthy owners had 
 interests. But all this time, he was only mak- 
 ing fortunes for others, and concluded to use 
 his experience in building up a wealth that 
 would be his own. 
 
 Resigning from the Moffat and Smith in- 
 terests in 1894, and coming to Denver in 
 that year, he started out in business for him- 
 self, making this city his home and family 
 residence, while he engaged in mining in 
 Leadville and elsewhere. He gave Creede 
 its first big and healthy boom, when he in- 
 fluenced Moffat and others to invest in that 
 new camp. 
 
 Mr. Brown is a director and one of the 
 heavy owners in the Ibex Mining Company, 
 better known as the Little Johnny. Several 
 but unsuccessful efforts had been made to 
 develop this now rich mining property near 
 Leadville. Mr. Brown undertook the task 
 for himself, found the rich ores, enlisted cap- 
 ital, and thus became one of Colorado's 
 wealthy mine owners. He is also developing 
 valuable mining interests in Arizona and the 
 southwest. 
 
 He is a life member of both the Leadville 
 Elks, and the Denver Athletic Club in Denver. 
 
 Mr. Brown married in Leadville, in 1886, 
 Miss Margaret Tobin. They have two chil- 
 dren, a son, Lawrence P., and a daughter, 
 Helen. The son is now mining at Cripple 
 Creek. 
 
 263 
 
LEONARD HENRY EICHOLTZ 
 
 264- 
 
HENRY LEONARD EICHOLTZ. 
 
 pICHOLTZ, COLONEL LEONARD 
 "^ HENRY, railroad engineer, was born in 
 the city of Lancaster, Lancaster county, 
 Pennsylvania, April 23, 1827, being the old- 
 est son of Henry and Elizabeth Eicholtz. 
 The family is of German origin, his great- 
 grandfather, Jacob Eicholtz, leaving the 
 Palatine, Germany, and coming to Pennsyl- 
 vania, where he settled in Lancaster county, 
 in 1733. 
 
 Colonel Eicholtz was educated at the 
 Moravian Academy at Lititz, situated in Lan- 
 caster county, graduating from that institu- 
 tion as a civil engineer. After his gradu- 
 ation he moved with his father to Downing- 
 town, Chester county, and in 1852, began 
 his active practical work with a corps of en- 
 gineers employed by the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road and remained with that company until 
 1854, when he accepted a position with the 
 Philadelphia and Erie Railroad Company. 
 
 In 1857, he joined an engineering party, 
 of which Mr. John C. Trautwine of Phila- 
 delphia was chief engineer, and went to Hon- 
 duras, Central America, and had charge of 
 a party surveying a line from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific Ocean for the Interoceanic 
 Railway Company. On completion of this 
 work, in the summer of 1858, the party re- 
 turned to New York and Colonel Eicholtz 
 returned to the Philadelphia and Erie Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Shortly after the outbreak of the civil 
 war, he entered the government service as 
 assistant engineer of military railroads in 
 the Division of the Mississippi, serving 
 under General Sherman, in the reconstruc- 
 tion of railroads destroyed by the two armies 
 during Sherman's campaign in Tennessee 
 and Georgia and in the memorable march of 
 Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and 
 left the service in 1866 as acting chief engi- 
 neer of military railroads of the Division of 
 the Mississippi. 
 
 In the fall of 1866, Colonel Eicholtz was 
 appointed resident engineer of the Kansas, 
 Pacific Railway Company, with headquarters 
 at "Wyandotte, Kansas, and during the next 
 two years conducted the survey of the thirty- 
 second parallel through Colorado, New Mex- 
 ico, Arizona and California, under the direc- 
 tion of General William J. Palmer and Colo- 
 nel TV. W. Wright. 
 
 In 1868, returning from California by 
 
 way of Panama, he was engaged by the 
 Union Pacific Railway Company as superin- 
 tendent of bridge building and remained 
 with that road until it made its connection 
 with the Central Pacific Railroad at Promon- 
 tory, Utah, May 10, 1869. 
 
 He was then made chief engineer and 
 superintendent of construction of the Denver 
 Pacific Railroad Company, and built that 
 road from Cheyenne to Denver, and on June 
 22, 1870, he brought the first railroad train 
 into Denver. At the same time he was build- 
 ing the Kansas, Pacific railroad westward, 
 and a few months later brought that road 
 into Denver. 
 
 In 1872, he was one of the incorporators 
 of the Denver and South Park railroad 
 now part of the Colorado and Southern Rail- 
 road Company and was made chief engi- 
 neer. During the construction of a branch 
 line to Morrison, work on the main line was 
 suspended until 1876, when the work was 
 pushed forward again as rapidly as the great 
 difficulties would permit, the road having to 
 be constructed for thirty miles through the 
 narrow, rock gorges of the Platte Canon. 
 
 Under his direction the South Park road 
 was built to Buena Vista, on the Arkansas 
 river, and then over the Alpine Pass to 
 Gunnison. 
 
 By this time Colonel Eicholtz 's personal 
 affairs had become so large that he resolved 
 to give up his railroad work and devote his 
 time to the management of his large real 
 estate interests and other business, though 
 for several years longer he acted as con- 
 sulting engineer for the Colorado and South- 
 ern railroad and at times for the Denver and 
 Rio Grande railroad. 
 
 In 1878, he was elected a director of the 
 First National Bank, which position he held 
 to the time of his death. At one time he 
 held the position of vice-president of the In- 
 ternational Trust Company. He also was a 
 member of the Denver Club and of the Loyal 
 Legion. 
 
 Mr. Eicholtz married Nellie Inslee Smith 
 at St. Joseph, Missouri, December 12, 1872. 
 
 The latter part of his life was quietly 
 spent in Denver, surrounded by his family 
 and his friends. He died January 3, 1911, 
 in his eighty-fourth year, beloved and re- 
 spected by all who knew him. He left a 
 widow and five children. 
 
 265 
 
Bi 
 
 CHARLES ALFRED JOHNSON 
 
 266 
 
CHARLES ALFRED JOHNSON. 
 
 JOHNSON, CHARLES ALFRED, real 
 ** estate broker, member of the firm of 
 Lyons & Johnson, president of the Denver 
 Chamber of Commerce, was born in Salem, 
 Massachusetts, July 13, 1868. His earliest 
 American ancestor was Lieutenant James 
 Johnson of the famous Ancient and Honor- 
 able Artillery Company, an honorary organ- 
 ization that survives to the present day. 
 Lieutenant Johnson settled in Boston in 
 1658. 
 
 Charles Alfred Johnson was the son of 
 Doctor Amos Howe Johnson, who was born 
 in Boston, son of Samuel Johnson, of the 
 firm of J. C. Howe & Company. Amos Howe 
 Johnson graduated, Harvard, 1853, and from 
 Andover Theological Seminary in 1856. In 
 the spring of 1862, he entered the Harvard 
 Medical School, receiving degree of M. D. in 
 1865, and in the following year settled in 
 Salem, Massachusetts, as a practitioner of 
 medicine and so continued up to the time of 
 his death in 1896. He was president of Mas- 
 sachusetts Medical Society for two years 
 from June, 1890. Served in the State Leg- 
 islature in 1862. Married in 1857, Miss Fran- 
 cis Seymour Benjamin, daughter of Nathan 
 Benjamin of Williamstown, Massachusetts, 
 and Mary A. (Wheeler) Benjamin of New 
 York, missionaries to Athens, Greece, and 
 Constantinople. 
 
 The subject of this sketch as a boy had 
 the advantages of ideal home training, being 
 raised in an atmosphere of culture and erudi- 
 tion that have made Massachusetts justly 
 famous. 
 
 After finishing his education, which was 
 received in the public and private schools 
 of Salem, Mr. Johnson entered the employ 
 of James Means & Company, shoe manufac- 
 turers of Boston and Brockton, staying with 
 them six years. 
 
 In February, 1891, when in his twenty- 
 third year, he came to Colorado, settling in 
 Denver, where he has since lived, except for 
 six months in 1892, when he was at Creede, 
 Colorado. 
 
 In the years he has been engaged in the 
 
 real estate business in Denver, Mr. Johnson 
 has established a reputation for integrity and 
 for close application to the interests of his 
 clients that have become the best assets of 
 his firm. As the city has grown, the firm of 
 Lyons & Johnson has grown with it until 
 they are now, in 1911, in the very front rank 
 of the business organizations of the city. 
 
 His genius for organization and his capa- 
 city for hard work are recognized by the 
 business interests of the city and state and 
 Mr. Johnson has been called frequently to 
 positions of honor and responsibility. When 
 confronted with adverse criticism from with- 
 in and without, the directors of the Cham- 
 ber of Commerce, at the beginning of 1911, 
 unanimously called upon Mr. Johnson to 
 head their organization and bring it to the 
 degree of effectiveness which the community 
 demands of the representative commercial 
 body of the state. 
 
 Mr. Johnson entered upon his work with 
 characteristic energy and the results of his 
 administration soon began to appear. 
 
 He is also president of the Rocky Moun- 
 tain Highway Association and president of 
 the Colorado Good Roads Conference Asso- 
 ciation, and was president of the Denver 
 Real Estate Exchange in 1898 and 1899. Mr. 
 Johnson served in the National Guard of 
 Colorado seven years and for five years was 
 captain and A. D. C. on the brigade staff. 
 
 He is a member of the Denver Club, 
 Union Club of Boston, Denver Country Club 
 and Society of Colonial Wars. 
 
 Mr. Johnson was married at Boston April 
 15, 1896, to Lucy C. Braman, a daughter of 
 Jarvis Dwight Braman of that city. She 
 died March 25, 1899, leaving two children, 
 Barbara Braman Johnson, born November 
 21, 1897, and Jarvis Johnson, born March 5, 
 1899. He was married a second time at Kan- 
 sas City, Missouri, on May 26, 1902, to Anne 
 V. Burnett of Fort Worth, Texas, daughter 
 of Samuel B. Burnett and granddaughter of 
 Captain M. B. Loyd, president of the First 
 National Bank of Fort Worth. 
 
 267 
 
ROSWELL EATON GOODELL 
 
 ROSWELL EATON GOODELL. 
 
 /"^OODELL, ROSWELL EATON, finance 
 
 ^~* and mining, born in Abington, "Windham 
 county, Connecticut, October 21, 1825, died 
 October 19, 1903, was the son of Roswell and 
 Olive Goodell. His father, a farmer, moved 
 
 to La Salle county, Illinois, in 1834, where 
 he died on a farm near Ottawa, in 1838. Ros- 
 well, the son, was early thrown upon his 
 own resources, working on the farm in sum- 
 mer, and attending school in the winter. At 
 
 268 
 
the age of fifteen, he was deputy postmaster 
 at Ottawa. He then became a clerk in the 
 general merchandise store of J. Y. Sanger 
 & Company in Chicago, but later returning 
 to Ottawa, he was appointed deputy county 
 recorder. In 1846, he enlisted in Judge T. 
 Lyle Dickey's company in the Mexican War, 
 and later was appointed by Colonel John J. 
 Hardin, secretary, First Regiment, Illinois 
 Volunteers. At Buena Vista he was ap- 
 pointed postmaster of the Northern Division 
 of the United States army, commanded by 
 General Wool, a position he held until mus- 
 tered out of the service. When the bloody 
 battle of Buena Vista was being fought, he 
 closed his office and joined his regiment in 
 the field. Returning to Ottawa, Illinois, 
 after a year's service in the war, he was 
 later, when twenty-five years of age, elected 
 sheriff. He then was secretary of a com- 
 mission, of which Abraham Lincoln was 
 chairman, to take testimony on canal claims 
 against the state. Although of different 
 political faith, there was then developed be- 
 tween him and Mr. Lincoln a firm and last- 
 ing friendship. 
 
 He was secretary of the Illinois State 
 Senate, 1852-1853, the beginning of a promi- 
 nent public career. The governor appointed 
 him secretary of the canal commission, after 
 which he was cashier of the Merchants and 
 Drovers' Bank of Joliet, and treasurer of 
 the Chicago and Alton Railroad, of which 
 he was director, 1856-1859, and later its 
 superintendent. George M. Pullman gave 
 his first order to him for Pullman coaches 
 on that road. In 1858, he was one of the 
 board of visitors from Illinois to West Point. 
 
 In 1861, Mr. Goodell organized the Twen- 
 tieth Illinois Infantry, which was mustered 
 in at Camp Goodell, in June. After the 
 close of the Civil War, during which he was 
 interested in government contracts for army 
 supplies, he went to Europe to give his 
 daughters a finishing education in France 
 and Germany. In 1874-1875, Mr. Goodell 
 was president, Fourth National Bank, Chi- 
 cago, and later city marshal of that city. He 
 was acting chairman, Illinois state demo- 
 cratic committee in the Tilden campaign, 
 and, in 1877, chairman of city and county 
 committee, Chicago. He became wealthy in 
 real estate business, but lost heavily in the 
 financial crash which came to Chicago fol- 
 
 lowing the Chicago fire, 1871, and thus it 
 was that Colonel Goodell followed, in 1878, 
 the mining rush to Leadville, where his fam- 
 ily joined him in 1879. Through him, the 
 United States fish hatchery was established 
 there. He was the Leadville postmaster, 
 1886-1890. He became interested in mining 
 and other investments ; was the moving spirit 
 in needed local improvements, and soon be- 
 came one of the eminent men of Colorado, 
 as he had always been a leader and man of 
 affairs. He was one of the board of man- 
 agers from Colorado for the World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition in Chicago, and also a mem- 
 ber of the national commission. After the 
 World's Fair he made Denver his home, was 
 elected president of the Denver Stock Ex- 
 change, and became prominently identified 
 with the business interests of the city. 
 
 Colonel Goodell married, November 1, 
 1853, Miss Mary Jane, daughter of Governor 
 Joel A. Matteson, in Springfield, Illinois. 
 They were the parents of siz children, Annie 
 Goodell, now Mrs. James Day Whitmore of 
 Denver; Mary Matteson, widow of former 
 Governor James Benton Grant of Colorado, 
 and now of Denver ; Jennie Goodell, wife of 
 Albert Allmand Blow, mining, now of London 
 and New York ; Clara Goodell, wife of John 
 Clark Mitchell, cashier of the Denver Na- 
 tional Bank; Olive Goodell (died in Denver, 
 1891), wife of Major Zeph. Turner Hill, and 
 Roswell Eaton Goodell, Jr., who married 
 Mabel Atkinson. 
 
 In the social, club, philanthropic and po- 
 litical life of Colorado, Colonel and Mrs. 
 Goodell and their family have been pre- 
 eminent and gracious. The exalted type of 
 manhood and womanhood, sterling integrity 
 and charm of manners of the parents are the 
 proud heritage of their children. Of a colo- 
 nial lineage, their ancestors were among the 
 founders and builders of the republic, and 
 their daughters have been active in patriotic 
 work. As members of the Mayflower So- 
 ciety, Colonial Governors, Colonial Dames, 
 Daughters of the American Revolution, 
 United States Daughters of 1812, they have 
 done much to encourage and foster American 
 patriotism. When in London, during the 
 recent South African war, Mrs. A. A. Blow 
 originated the idea and assisted in putting 
 it into practical execution, the sending of the 
 good hospital ship "Maine" for the relief 
 of the English soldiers in the Boer war. 
 
 269 
 
JOSEPH WILLIAM GILLULY 
 
 270 
 
JOSEPH WILLIAM GILLULY. 
 
 ILLTJLY, JOSEPH WILLIAM, treasurer 
 of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad 
 Company, born in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, 
 February 13, 1851, was the son of Francis 
 and Eliza (Swannell) Gilluly. Francis Gil- 
 luly, born November, 1825, died November, 
 1889, was a manufacturer. His wife was 
 the daughter of Joseph and Lucy Swannell. 
 
 Joseph "W. Gilluly was educated in the 
 public schools of Brooklyn, New York, and 
 then entered the wholesale mercantile dry- 
 goods house of "W. H. and L. C. Thorne, New 
 York City, in 1865, remaining in the employ 
 of that firm until July, 1872. In August 
 that year, he came to Colorado. Locating 
 in Colorado Springs, he was first employed 
 as a clerk in the auditor's office of the Den- 
 ver and Rio Grande Railway, and in 1878, 
 was promoted to chief clerk. Then came 
 the litigation and contest between the Den- 
 ver and Rio Grande and the Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe railroads, in which the 
 former was placed in the hands of H. A. 
 Risley as receiver. Mr. Gilluly was ap- 
 pointed auditor, continuing in that position 
 until the discharge of the receiver, and then 
 afterward, until November, 1880. He was 
 then made the cashier and paymaster of the 
 company, and also of the Rio Grande Ex- 
 tension Company, which was then building 
 lines from Alamosa south and west, and also 
 from Canon City west. 
 
 Mr. Gilluly was appointed cashier of the 
 Rio Grande Western Railroad Company in 
 1881, and also of its construction company, 
 in which position he was continued by Re- 
 ceiver Bancroft, and until the removal of the 
 offices of the company to Salt Lake City in 
 1889, but Mr. Gilluly still remained and con- 
 tinued with the Colorado lines, in similar 
 duties. 
 
 The splendid executive and administra- 
 tive ability that Mr. Gilluly had shown added 
 new responsibilities, along with those in 
 direct connection with the Denver and Rio 
 Grande. During this time General W. J. 
 Palmer and associates were building the 
 Mexican National Railroad in Old Mexico, 
 and Mr. Gilluly was appointed secretary of 
 the Mexican National Construction Com- 
 pany. From July, 1884, and continuing two 
 years, he was also cashier when W. S. Jack- 
 son was the receiver of the Denver and Rio 
 Grande Railway. Mr. Gilluly was one of the 
 
 organizers, in 1886, of the Grand River Rail- 
 road Company, formed to construct a branch 
 of the Denver and Rio Grande from Red 
 Cliff to Glenwood Springs. In July of that 
 year, when the Denver and Rio Grande was 
 reorganized under foreclosure and sale, he 
 was elected treasurer when Mr. Moffat be- 
 came president. 
 
 Mr. Gilluly is still the treasurer of this 
 company, having been officially connected 
 with the Denver and Rio Grande for almost 
 forty years, having seen it grow from a 
 small system to one of the great railway 
 lines of the United States. For many years, 
 he has also been the treasurer of the Rio 
 Grande Junction Railway Company, and also 
 of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad Com- 
 pany. He has made Denver his home since 
 1883. 
 
 In addition to his railway duties and con- 
 nections, Mr. Gilluly is interested in other 
 enterprises and lines of business. He be- 
 came one of th estockholders and directors 
 of the Western National Bank of Pueblo 
 and the Denver Savings Bank. In addition 
 to being treasurer, he was also a stockholder 
 in the Rio Grande Southern Railroad, and 
 in the construction company. 
 
 Mr. Gilluly has also been a prominent 
 leader and factor in educational and church 
 work. He has served as trustee and also 
 vice-president of the University of Denver 
 and Colorado Seminary for a number of 
 years. He has been an active worker, patron 
 and official in Y. M. C. A. circles and in the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. As a lay dele- 
 gate, he has represented that church at sev- 
 eral of its general conferences. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Denver Club. 
 
 Mr. Gilluly married, June 24, 1874, in 
 Colorado Springs. Miss Euphemia M.. daugh- 
 ter of John Lawson. She was born in Prince 
 Edward Island, 1851, and died in Denver, 
 July, 1908. Her early life was spent in Mas- 
 sachusetts, where she was educated. She 
 was possessed of those accomplishments, cul- 
 tured tastes and high ideals, that made her 
 home life and her associations with others, 
 a precious memory. 
 
 They have one child, Mabel, now the wife 
 of William V. Hodges, attorney-at-law, Den- 
 ver, Colorado. She was educated in the 
 University of Denver and at Mrs. Hayes' 
 finishing school, in Boston. 
 
 -271 
 
DAVID CRICHTON BEAMAN 
 
 DAVID CRICHTON BEAMAN. 
 
 QEAMAN, DAVID CRICHTON, lawyer, 
 born in Burlington, Lawrence county, 
 Ohio, November 22, 1838, was the son of 
 Gamaliel Carter (born March 20, 1799, died 
 October 26, 1875) and Emelia (Crichton) 
 
 Beaman, who was born in Perthshire, Scot- 
 land, 1814, and was a descendant of the fam- 
 ily of which the so-called "Admirable" 
 Crichton was a member. Mr Beaman 's 
 father, a Presbyterian minister, was gradu- 
 
 272 
 
ated from Union College, Schenectady, New 
 York, and Andover Theological Seminary, 
 Massachusetts, and, moving to Burlington, 
 Ohio, 1832, opened an academy and organ- 
 ized a Presbyterian church of thirty-four 
 members, of whom seventeen were slave 
 owners and residents of Kentucky and Vir- 
 ginia, across the Ohio River. Abolitionism 
 was then spreading rapidly, and being one 
 of its ardent advocates, the Reverend Mr. 
 Beaman had the slaveholding members dis- 
 missed from the church. A former mem- 
 ber of his church, Solomon Beckley, having 
 moved to Iowa, wrote him of the great op- 
 portunities for religious and educational 
 work in that region of the then Far West, 
 and April 6, 1846, he, with his family, re- 
 moved to Iowa, going by steamboat down the 
 Ohio to Cairo, thence up the Mississippi to 
 Montrose, Lee county, directly across that 
 river and opposite Nauvoo, Illinois. The 
 latter was the great city founded by Joseph 
 Smith, the Mormon prophet, and in which 
 was the magnificent temple of the "Latter 
 Day Saints." The Mormons, owing to the 
 war waged against them by the militia and 
 citizens of Illinois that was being brought 
 to an end, began their immigration to Salt 
 Lake in September, 1846. Their temple was 
 burned in 1848. There being no church 
 building at Montrose, the Reverend Mr. Bea- 
 man first preached in the government bar- 
 racks, but afterward organized a church and 
 erected a house of worshin. 
 
 In the meantime, the Reverend Mr. Bea- 
 man had organized several churches in the 
 country. In 1852, he gave up the Montrose 
 church to another minister, and removed to 
 Croton, on the Des Moines River, in Lee 
 county, Iowa. That region had been settled 
 by a colony of pantheists from Massachu- 
 setts, organized under Abner Kneeland, who, 
 after having been imprisoned in Boston, 
 1838, for blasphemy, had removed to this 
 part of Iowa. He had written to his Boston 
 friends that he had found a country to his 
 liking, in which there was "neither a bible, 
 a priest, a sabbath, a heaven, a hell, a God, 
 nor a devil." 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Beaman organized small 
 churches in that region, after which, Knee- 
 land having died in 1844, the society of the 
 latter was disbanded. 
 
 David C. Beaman, son of this distin- 
 guished Presbyterian minister, attended 
 school at Denmark, Iowa, and was later a 
 student in the academy and preparatory de- 
 partment of Oberlin College, Ohio. Then, 
 
 engaging in farming in Iowa until 1859, he 
 became station agent on the Des Moines Val- 
 ley Railroad (now the Keokuk and Des 
 Moines branch of the Rock Island), at Cro- 
 ton, Iowa, one of the first railroads west of 
 the Mississippi. 
 
 He was in the battle of Athens, Missouri, 
 August 5, 1861, his only active part in the 
 Civil War, where he was orderly sergeant 
 of an Iowa company which formed part of 
 the Union forces. Soon after, and before 
 his company was regularly mustered in and 
 assigned a place in a regiment, he entered 
 the federal revenue service, as captain of a 
 company of mounted revenue scouts, in 
 which he remained until near the close of 
 the war. He then returned to railroading, 
 at Selma, Iowa, at the same time conduct- 
 ing a general store at that place. He studied 
 law, and in 1869 was admitted to the bar in 
 Van Buren county, that state, and in 1876 
 for a short time was the acting judge of the 
 district court of that county. 
 
 Judge Beaman visited Gunnison, Colo- 
 rado, and other points in the state from 
 1880 to 1887, when he removed, with his 
 family, from Iowa to Glenwood Springs, 
 Colorado, and in 1888 to Denver, where he 
 still resides. Judge Beaman is especially 
 versed in corporation and land law, and it 
 was owing to his ability and acumen in this 
 line of his profession, that he was called to 
 Colorado in 1887, by Mr. John C. Osgood, 
 where he assisted in the organization of the 
 Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. During 
 almost a quarter of a century, he has been 
 connected with the latter company as vice- 
 president, director, secretary or general 
 counsel, and with its auxiliary industrial 
 and railroad corporations, taking an active 
 part in the development of this vast system 
 in all its branches. He remained with the 
 company until January, 1910, when his con- 
 nection with its active operations ceased. 
 Since his retirement from active business he 
 has devoted himself largely to recreative 
 sports. In 1906, he added the visible pro- 
 jectile for firearms to the list of inventions. 
 Judge Beaman was one of the organizers of 
 the American Trotting Association, and was 
 its president in 1891 and 1892. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Denver Club and the Colorado 
 Electric Club. 
 
 Judge Beaman married, at Athens, Mis- 
 rouri, December 31, 1860, Luella A. Smith, 
 daughter of Dalzell Smith, of that place. 
 They have four children, James L., Alice M., 
 George C., and Arthur D. Beaman. 
 
 273 
 
HENRY WHITE WARREN 
 
 274 
 
HENRY WHITE WARREN. 
 
 ARREN, HENRY WHITE, Bishop of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, sci- 
 entist, author and missionary, was born 
 January 4th, 1831, the son of Mather Warren 
 and Anna Miller (Fairfield) Warren. His 
 earliest paternal forbear in this country was 
 William Warren of England, who came to 
 this country in 1672 and settled at Hatfield, 
 Mass., and who naturally endured the hard- 
 ship, trials and tribulations of the early set- 
 tlers. His father, Mather Warren, a farmer, 
 mill owner, building mover, etc., was born 
 in 1800, and died in 1868. In the early 
 colonial days of the Warren family history, 
 Susanna Mather, a relative of the distin- 
 guished and renowned Cotton Mather, mar- 
 ried into the family and since that time the 
 name of Mather has always been in the fam- 
 ily. Surely a name in American history to 
 conjure by. 
 
 Ever since the early days down to the 
 present there has been almost continually 
 a member of the Warren family in the mili- 
 tary or naval service of our country. This, 
 in itself, speaks of the family's loyalty and 
 patriotism. 
 
 The present Bishop attended Wilbraham 
 Academy and late, in 1853, was graduated 
 from Wesleyan University, Middletown, 
 Connecticut, The degree of Master of 
 Arts was later conferred on him, in 
 1858 the degree of Doctor of Divinity 
 by Dickinson College in 1872, and that 
 of Doctor of Laws in 1872, by Ohio 
 Wesleyan. He was elected Bishop of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church in May, 
 1880. Besides his multitudinous duties as 
 Bishop, he has been active in science and 
 authorship and has traveled in almost every 
 foreign land in the interests of the church. 
 As Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 he has officially visited missions in South 
 America twice, in China, Japan and Europe 
 twice, Korea, the Philippine Islands and 
 India, and has also visited Mexico and Porto 
 Rico in the same capacity. 
 
 With all his arduous duties and travels 
 he has given to the world scientific, astro- 
 nomical, religious and travelogue books 
 which will endure as monuments to his ver- 
 satility and intellectual qualities. In 1874, 
 he published ''Sights and Insights" a book 
 of travel. In 1877 came "The Lesser 
 Hymnal." In 1878, his "Studies of the 
 Stars" was given to the world, and in 1879 
 "Recreations in Astronomy" saw the light 
 of day. In 1892 he published "The Bible in 
 the World's Education," and in 1898, 
 "Among the Forces." 
 
 In 1852 he taught the natural sciences in 
 America Seminary, New York, so that his 
 life has been one of religion, science, travel, 
 education and authorship, in all of which he 
 has successfully prevailed. 
 
 In 1863 he served as a member of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature, and was, later, a 
 member of the Christian Commission during 
 the Civil War in the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 The Bishop first came to Colorado in 
 1879, but did not make it his permanent 
 abode until 1883. He has lived in Worcester, 
 Massachusetts (1855-1856), Boston and vicin- 
 ity till 1871, in Philadelphia six years; 
 Brooklyn, New York, three years, and At- 
 lanta, Georgia, four years, in all of which 
 time he has been devoted to religion, science 
 and literature. 
 
 In 1855 Mr. Warren married Miss Dian- 
 tha L. Kilgore, in Lowell, Massachusetts. 
 She died in 1868. Their children are Carrie, 
 Henrv and Ellen. In 1883 he married Mrs. 
 Elizabeth (Fraser) Iliff. 
 
 275 
 
GEORGE TRITCH 
 
 GEORGE TRITCH. 
 
 'T'RITCH, GEORGE, hardware merchant 
 and pioneer, was born in Baden, Ger- 
 many, April 23, 1829, and died in Denver, 
 October 8, 1899. When he was a little 
 more than one year of age, his parents 
 emigrated with him to the United States. 
 Arriving in New York, they started for 
 their future home in Ohillieothe, Ohio, 
 
 making the journey by lake and canal. 
 Young Tritch here spent his boyhood, until 
 fifteen years of age, during w r hich time he 
 attended the public schools, obtaining a good 
 and practical education that fitted him for 
 the business career that awaited him in the 
 future. In 1844, having made up his mind 
 to become a tinner and coppersmith, he went 
 
 276 
 
to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he served an ap- 
 prenticeship at that work. Becoming a mas- 
 ter of his trade, Mr. Tritch removed to Pitts- 
 burgh, Pennsylvania, in 1847, where he estab- 
 lished himself in the hardware business. He 
 started for St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1852, 
 making the trip down the Ohio and up the 
 Mississippi, but concluded not to go farther 
 than Muscatine, Iowa, where he landed. 
 Here he resumed his business as a hardware 
 merchant, also engaging in the same busi- 
 ness, for a time, at Tipton, that state. 
 
 In March, 1860, Mr. Tritch, with his wife 
 and three children, crossed Iowa in a wagon 
 to Council Bluffs, and thence to Omaha, from 
 which point he followed the crowds then 
 en route to the Pike's Peak region. At 
 Shinn's Ferry Island, about sixty-five miles 
 this side of Omaha, the family was robbed 
 during the night by the Indians, who stole 
 an entire load of provisions from the party 
 of immigrants with whom the Tritches were 
 traveling, and with a scanty supply of pro- 
 visions they resumed their way across the 
 plains, reaching Denver May 27, 1860. Mr. 
 Tritch had no special objective point in view, 
 but his supply of ready cash running low, 
 he decided to remain in Denver. He had 
 brought with him across the plains in a 
 spring wagon, a small stock of hardware 
 and his tools, and with this little margin, he 
 started on the successful career that awaited 
 him in this new country. His first business 
 house was a cabin near Cherry Creek, on 
 Blake street, in which he and his family, for 
 a time, also resided. Hardware is always a 
 staple product and in great demand in a 
 new and especially a mining country. From 
 the beginning he flourished in business, later 
 adding farming implements, the first that 
 mining supplies he sold plows, cradles, 
 scythes, mowers, threshing machines, horse 
 rakes and reapers, as Colorado was then be- 
 ginning the development of her agricultural 
 resources. From his first and small location, 
 he removed his business to the west side of 
 Fifteenth street, near Wazee, where he occu- 
 pied a one-story building. A brick building 
 of two stories was erected by him, early in 
 the '70s, at Fifteenth and Wazee, in which 
 he displayed the largest and most pretentious 
 stock of hardware yet seen in the west. But, 
 with the years, his business increased, until 
 in 1884, he erected the large and finely 
 equipped hardware store on Arapahoe, near 
 Seventeenth, and established the George 
 Tritch Hardware Company, one of the lead- 
 ing commercial institutions of the city and 
 state. 
 
 Mr. Tritch also made investments in real 
 
 estate, and in other enterprises. He was a 
 close student of business matters, and the 
 causes of financial prosperity and depression, 
 which alternated in cycles of eight and ten 
 years, according to his theories, and con- 
 ducted his affairs according to these views. 
 
 Mr. Tritch was active with the early rail- 
 way building in Colorado. He was interested 
 in the old Denver Pacific, Denver and South 
 Park, and the Denver, Texas and Gulf, and 
 was vice-president of the Denver and South 
 Park Construction Company. His influence 
 Avas also felt in banking circles, in which he 
 was recognized as one of the leading finan- 
 ciers of the state. In 1876, he was president 
 of the German National Bank of Denver, 
 and, during the same year, was elected treas- 
 urer of the Colorado Industrial Association. 
 
 Mr. Tritch was a member of the Denver 
 board of aldermen, 1863-1865, but was later 
 unsuccessful in running for mayor. In 1876, 
 he was elected a regent of the University of 
 Colorado, and was a prominent factor in this 
 state in promoting educational interests from 
 the public schools to those institutions of 
 higher learning. He was regent of the state 
 universitjr during the formative period, and 
 was broad, liberal, and progressive in his 
 views and the application of the same. As 
 a member of the board of capitol managers, 
 he assisted in the completion of that beau- 
 tiful structure. He had a practical turn of 
 mind, and was pleased to see the children 
 visit the state museum. It was nothing 
 unusual to see George Tritch, the silent vis- 
 itor, in the museum, when the one in charge 
 was lecturing to a class of school children, 
 on historical and scientific subjects. He was 
 especially interested in birds, and fond of 
 talking about them. Mr. Tritch was a man 
 of courage, and during the Indian alarm and 
 scare of 1864, he was commissioned a cap- 
 tain of scouts by Governor Evans. During 
 the many times he crossed the plains he had 
 many narrow escapes from these hostiles that 
 often swarmed over that section of the west. 
 
 Mr. Tritch was a prominent member of 
 the Masonic order. He was public spirited, 
 liberal and energetic, and though deceased, 
 his name still occupies a proud position 
 among the founders of this city and state. 
 
 Mr. Tritch married, at Pittsburgh, Penn- 
 sylvania, August 25, 1849, Miss Eliza Ham- 
 mond. Mr. and Mrs. Tritch had the follow- 
 ing children : Mary, wife of B. "W. Rogers 
 of Denver ; Elizabeth, wife of H. H. Good of 
 Denver ; J. Frank ; Emma T., wife of George 
 Snyder, Jr. ; Carrie T., wife of M. W. Gano ; 
 George, Jr.; Jean T., wife of H. W. Forbes 
 of Boston, and B. Fred, of Denver. 
 
 277 
 
WILLIAM AUSTIN HAMILTON LOVELAND. 
 
 T OVELAND, WILLIAM AUSTIN HAM- 
 *-' ILTON, capitalist, railway builder and 
 pioneer, born in Chatham, Massachusetts, 
 May 30, 1826, died at Lakewood, his coun- 
 try residence, near Denver, Colorado, Decem- 
 ber 17, 1894, was the son of the Reverend 
 Leonard and Elizabeth (Eldridge) Loveland. 
 He was a descendant of Thomas Loveland, 
 who came from Norwich, England, and set- 
 
 named after him. After four years he re- 
 turned to Chatham, Massachusetts. He later 
 entered the ministry of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, and became one of the eminent 
 divines of that denomination in Illinois. His 
 mother, Elizabeth Eldridge, also a native of 
 Chatham, was a descendant of some of the 
 historic families of New England. 
 
 William A. H. Loveland, their son, in 
 
 WILLIAM AUSTIN HAMILTON LOVELAND 
 
 tied in Boston about 1630, and is prominently 
 connected with leading families of the Amer- 
 ican colonial era. His father, the Reverend 
 Leonard Loveland, was a sailor in the War 
 of 1812 ; taken prisoner by the British, and 
 confined in Dartmouth (England) prison 
 about twenty months. About 1818 he moved 
 west and settled in Ohio at a place now called 
 Loveland, which he founded and which was 
 
 1827, accompanied his parents to Rhode 
 Island, where he received his primary edu- 
 cation. In 1835, he found employment in a 
 cotton factory, and in 1837, removed with 
 the family to Illinois. Here his father, the 
 Reverend Leonard Loveland, located near 
 Brighton, Macoupin county, then a frontier 
 region, and built a cabin. The son worked 
 on the farm, at the same time attending the 
 
 278 
 
common schools, preparing himself for col- 
 lege, against great disadvantages. He en- 
 tered McKendree College in 1845, which 
 closed at the end of his first term. Mr. 
 Loveland then became a student at Shurtleff 
 College, at Upper Alton, but owing to failing 
 health, he was compelled to abandon his col- 
 lege career. He then enlisted in an Illinois 
 regiment for the Mexican war, and was ap- 
 pointed wagon master with the supply trains. 
 He experienced some of the hardest service in 
 that war, and was severely wounded at the 
 battle of Chapultepec. Returning to Illinois 
 in July, 1848, and the year following, he 
 started westward with the wild rush to the 
 California gold fields. In May, 1849, with 
 an ox team, he left the Missouri river, on the 
 long journey across the plains and moun- 
 tains to the Pacific coast. He erected the 
 first house in Grass Valley, California. Dur- 
 ing a period of about two years, he engaged 
 in mining, but without success. A new 
 field for adventure was then sought in Cen- 
 tral America. Sailing from San Francisco 
 for that country, he intended to take a con- 
 tract there under the Vanderbilts, to con- 
 struct a proposed government canal. This 
 enterprise failing to materialize, Mr. Love- 
 land returned home in 1851, and then en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits. The reports of 
 gold discoveries in 1858 in the Pike's Peak 
 region, attracted the attention of Mr. Love- 
 land, and selling his interests in Illinois, 
 he again started for the west. With a wagon 
 train load of mules and oxen he crossed the 
 plains in 1859, with a large supply of goods 
 and merchandise. He located at Golden, 
 which then had only the nucleus of a settle- 
 ment. Here he built the first house and 
 opened the first store, and was one of the 
 founders of that place. Through his influ- 
 ence, Golden was for several years the cap- 
 ital of the territory, and at one time, a rival 
 to Denver. Golden was then the gateway 
 to the Gregory, Jackson and other diggings 
 in Clear Creek canon, and even then, Mr. 
 Loveland began to plan for a railroad to 
 these new mining towns. But the first prac- 
 tical solution of the question was a wagon 
 road, which he built up this canon. He paid 
 out of his own money the cost of a railway 
 survey over the mountains to Salt Lake City, 
 anticipating the era of railroad construction 
 that came later. Mr. Loveland opened the 
 first coal mine at Golden, and also the first 
 brick and pottery works at that place; and, 
 through his influence, manufactures and 
 smelters were established there. 
 
 In 1865-1866, Mr. Loveland obtained from 
 the territorial legislature a charter for the 
 construction of the Colorado Central and Pa- 
 
 cific Railroad from Denver to Golden, and 
 thence to Black Hawk and Central and other 
 mining centers up Clear Creek canon, then 
 the center of mining activity in the territory. 
 In 1870, he directed the building of the divi- 
 sion of this road from Denver to Golden. 
 Later it was completed up the canon, and 
 was known as the Colorado Central; after- 
 ward a part of the Union Pacific, and now 
 one of the branches of the Colorado and 
 Southern. In its early history, Mr. Love- 
 land was a director, and also president of 
 this road in 1876. In 1877, the present 
 thriving town of Loveland was laid out, and 
 named in his honor. On July 16, 1878, he 
 purchased the Rocky Mountain News, which 
 had been established by William N. Byers 
 in 1859, and from that time conducted as a 
 republican paper by its founder. Mr. Love- 
 land was an ardent democrat and changed 
 the policy of the paper to that of his own 
 political faith and belief. It was one of the 
 historic events in the territorial period. He 
 assumed editorial and business control of 
 The News, and made its influence felt 
 throughout the Rocky Mountain region. 
 
 Mr. Loveland early became one of the 
 political leaders of the territory, .and later, 
 during the early days of statehood. He was 
 the presiding officer of a constitutional con- 
 vention held in 1859, and for several years 
 was a member of the territorial council 
 (senate). In 1878, he was nominated for 
 governor by the democrats, but was defeated, 
 as the state was then strongly republican. 
 Twice his party honored him with a com- 
 plimentary vote for United States Senator. 
 At the national democratic convention held 
 in Cincinnati, in 1880, he received the vote 
 of the Colorado delegation and one from 
 Michigan, for the presidential nomination. 
 
 In 1878, he built the circle railroad around 
 Denver, which -property was later sold to the 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad. 
 Mr. Loveland was one of the promoters and 
 the treasurer of the great mining exposition 
 held in Denver in 1880 to 1886. He was a 
 prominent factor in the mining and indus- 
 trial history of the state, making heavy in- 
 vestments therein, and also purchasing real 
 estate. Pie was the owner of the well known 
 Fanny Barret mine. 
 
 Mr. Loveland married, first, at Brighton, 
 Illinois, May 13, 1852, Philena Shaw, who 
 died at that place, January 2, 1854. He mar- 
 ried, second, August 25, 1856, Miranda Ann 
 Montgomery, of Alton, Illinois, and of the 
 latter marriage were born two sons, Francis 
 W. Loveland (q. v.), attorney-at-law, Den- 
 ver, Colorado, and William Leonard. 
 
 279 
 

 CRAWFORD HILL 
 
 CRAWFORD HILL. 
 
 UILL, CRAWFORD, born in Providence, 
 1 L Rhode Island, March 29, 1862, was the 
 son of Nathaniel Peter (United States Sen- 
 ator from Colorado, 1879-1885 (q. v.), born 
 February 18, 1832, died May 22, 1900) and 
 Alice (daughter of Isaac and Harriet (John- 
 son) Hale) Hill. The first appearance of 
 
 this branch of the Hill family in this coun- 
 try, was about 1730, when Nathaniel Hill, 
 born in 1705, and great great grandfather 
 of Crawford Hill, came to the American col- 
 onies, from the county of Cavan, Ireland. 
 
 Nathaniel Hill, the progenitor of the 
 family in this country, descended from the 
 
 280 
 
landed gentry of England and was the great 
 great-grandfather of Crawford Hill. Soon 
 after his arrival in America, he located in a 
 Scotch-Irish settlement west of the Hudson 
 river, on the then most western frontier, 
 known as Dwaarskill, in Hanover precinct, 
 now the town of Crawford, in Orange county, 
 New York. He was a member of Captain 
 John Bayard's militia of Wallakill in 1738, as 
 shown by the official records. In the first 
 published tax list of Rittenburg, Orange 
 county, in 1768, his name is found, but long 
 prior to that time, he was a freeholder, for 
 in 1746, Nathaniel Hill sold to James Craw- 
 ford, a large tract of land. His will, dated 
 March 17, 1780, was the third recorded in 
 Ulster county, and from the provisions made 
 therein, he was possessed of considerable 
 property. Soon after his arrival in this coun- 
 try, he erected upon the Dwaarskill, a stone 
 mansion, which is still occupied by his de- 
 scendants. He had also built, three miles east 
 of Montgomery, now in Orange county, a 
 substantial English appearing homestead of 
 stone and brick, and one of the finest farms 
 in Orange county, and gave this property to 
 his son Peter. Nathaniel Hill was an active 
 member of the Goodwill Presbyterian 
 Church, of which he was also a trustee. In 
 1745, he married Susanna Armstrong, by 
 whom he had three sons and six daughters, 
 one of the sons, Peter Hill, born at Dwaar- 
 skill, Orange county, in 1751, died October 
 14, 1795, being the great grandfather of 
 Crawford Hill. He was an officer in the 
 American Revolution, being captain, in 1775, 
 of the minute company from Hanover pre- 
 cinct, Ulster county, New York ; was in com- 
 mand of his company at Fort Constitution, 
 February 13, 1776 ; and was one of the 
 heroic defenders at Fort Montgomery in 
 1777, where he rendered distinguished ser- 
 vices. He married Isabella Trimble, about 
 1774, and resided in the mansion built for 
 him by his father, near Montgomery, within 
 nine miles of the old homestead. Of his 
 children Nathaniel P. Hill (grandfather of 
 Crawford Hill), born in 1781, was educated 
 in Montgomery Academy, of which he later 
 became a patron. He was a lieutenant in 
 Captain Peter Millikin's cavalry company 
 in the War of 1812. Governor De Witt 
 Clinton, in 1819, commissioned him captain 
 of the Orange Huzzars, which he commanded 
 for many years. He was a member of the 
 legislature of New York in 1816, 1819, 1820, 
 and 1825 ; sheriff of his county in 1820 and 
 1822; judge of the court of common pleas 
 1823-1825 ; member of the board of super- 
 visors in 1833; and, in 1836, presidential 
 
 elector, voting for Martin Van Buren. He 
 died May 12, 1842, in the 62nd year of his 
 age. In 1827, he married Matilda Crawford 
 of Scotch-Irish ancestry, whose family was 
 among the earliest to settle in Orange coun- 
 ty, and for whom the town of Crawford was 
 named. 
 
 Crawford Hill, son of United States Sen- 
 ator Nathaniel P. Hill, received his early 
 education in the grammar school at Black 
 Hawk, Colorado, having come to this state 
 with his parents in December, 1867. He pre- 
 pared for college in the English and Class- 
 ical School at Providence, Rhode Island, and 
 then entered Brown University, from which 
 he was graduated with the degree of A. B. 
 in 1885. In August, that same year, he en- 
 tered the business office of the Denver Re- 
 publican, which was owned by his father, 
 Senator Hill, where he remained about four 
 years. He has become interested in many en- 
 terprises, representing large invested inter- 
 ests, and identified prominently with public 
 affairs. 
 
 Mr. Hill is president of the Denargo Land 
 Company ; The Hill Land & Investment Com- 
 pany; The Republican Publishing Company 
 (Denver Republican) ; president of the board 
 of trustees of the Boston & Colorado Smelt- 
 ing Company in liquidation; treasurer of 
 the United Oil Company; treasurer of the 
 Inland Oil & Refining Company; secretary 
 of the Dolly Varden Mining Company; di- 
 rector of the Mountain States Telephone & 
 Telegraph Company ; director First National 
 Bank of Denver; director Young Woman's 
 Christian Association ; and director of the 
 Colorado Museum of Natural History. He 
 was a member of the military staffs of Gov- 
 ernors Mclntire and Routt (last term) of 
 Colorado, with the rank of colonel; was an 
 alternate delegate from Colorado to the Re- 
 publican National convention, at Philadel- 
 phia, in 1900 ; and was chairman of the Colo- 
 rado delegation to the Republican National 
 convention at Chicago, in 1908. 
 
 Mr. Hill is a member of the following 
 clubs: Denver Club, Denver Athletic Club 
 (life member), Denver Country Club (life 
 member), University Club (Denver), and the 
 Union Club (New York City). 
 
 He married January 15, 1895, in Mem- 
 phis, Tennessee, Miss Louise Bethell, daugh- 
 ter of William Morgan Sneed, who is con- 
 nected with prominent southern families. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hill are leaders in the social 
 life of Denver. They have two children: 
 Nathaniel Peter Hill, born January 1, 1896, 
 and Crawford Hill, Jr., born December 9, 
 1898. 
 
 281 
 
JOHN WESLEY ILIFF 
 
 JOHN WESLEY ILIFF. 
 
 TLIFF, JOHN WESLEY. A history of Den- 
 A ver and Colorado, containing biographies 
 of the pioneers and prominent men, would 
 be incomplete without a sketch of the life 
 of John Wesley Iliff. Endowed by nature 
 
 with the mind, power and perseverance nec- 
 essary to success in any great avocation, he 
 selected an honest life of business, in which 
 he met with the most abundant success, and 
 left behind him an example of what can be 
 
 282 
 
accomplished by honest, persevering indus- 
 try. By his great executive power and force 
 of character he won a position which justly 
 entitled him to the distinction of "Cattle 
 King of the Plains." 
 
 John Wesley Iliff was born December 18, 
 1831, and was a son of Thomas Iliff, a well- 
 to-do farmer and raiser of fine stock, near 
 Zanesville, Ohio. The precepts of honest, 
 Christian parents undoubtedly did much to- 
 ward fitting their son for future usefulness. 
 He completed his education at the Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University, Delaware, Ohio, after 
 which his father, anxious to have him re- 
 main near home, offered to invest $7,500 in a 
 farm for him if he would remain upon it. 
 But the son, filled with ambition and stimu- 
 lated by the accounts of western enterprise 
 and western fortunes, declined this offer, 
 saying: "No; give me the $500 and let me 
 go west." Going to Kansas, he remained 
 three years, engaging in such enterprises as 
 his limited means would allow. In 1859, the 
 glowing accounts of the discovery of gold at 
 Pike's Peak were heralded throughout the 
 country, and Mr. Iliff was among the first 
 to cross the plains to try his fortune in the 
 new El Dorado. Realizing the fact that the 
 vast army of gold-seekers must be fed, he 
 invested all his means in a stock of groceries 
 and provisions, for which he found an excel- 
 lent market upon his arrival in Colorado. 
 He engaged for a short time in business in 
 Denver, but in less than a year and a half 
 he invested all he had in a small herd of 
 cattle. This was the foundation of his for- 
 tune and the beginning of the great enter- 
 prise of his life. From this time on, his 
 course was one of steady and rapid progress. 
 He made the cattle business a study, giving 
 to it his almost entire attention and best 
 efforts. He mastered its every detail, gain- 
 ing experience as the business developed, 
 and becoming familiar with all its workings. 
 The influence of his life upon the pastoral 
 interests of Colorado and the west can not 
 be overestimated. He blazed the cattle trails 
 for the great industry from Texas to the 
 ranges of Montana. His operations were 
 bold and daring. He was a man of indomit- 
 able will and perseverance. Whether facing 
 the blizzards of the mountains and plains, 
 or sweltering in the heat of the southern 
 
 trails, or with courage checking a stampede 
 of startled or storm-driven herds; he was 
 quiet and unassuming, but always the man 
 of nerve and steel. He declined to carry the 
 weapons borne by many a cowboy of a later 
 period, and at all times refused to take in- 
 toxicating liquors. He lived on friendly 
 terms with the Indians and they with him. 
 In business tact, integrity and good morals 
 his name was a synonym for all that is best 
 in a business career and that, too, amid the 
 wild life of the then far west. At the time 
 of his death he owned perhaps the best cat- 
 tle range in the world, containing 20,000 
 acres of pasturage, and some of the finest 
 springs and grazing valleys of the west. He 
 could travel for a week, yet always eat and 
 sleep at one of his own ranches. Here he 
 collected and prepared his cattle for the 
 markets of Chicago, Philadelphia and New 
 York, and for filling his numerous and ex- 
 tensive government contracts. His vast 
 herds, roaming over the great plains from 
 the grazing slopes of Montana to the prairies 
 of Texas, numbered fully 50,000 head, of 
 which he marketed an average of about 13,- 
 000 head per year. With the exception of 
 about a year in the banking business with 
 Hon. Amos Steck, in Wyoming, he engaged 
 in no enterprises outside of the cattle busi- 
 ness, but as his means increased he increased 
 his herds. Mr. Iliff was twice married. The 
 first time in January, 1864, to Miss Sarah 
 Elizabeth Smith, a refined and cultivated 
 lady of Delaware, Ohio, a lineal descendant 
 of John Smith of Pocahontas fame. She died 
 in December, 1865, leaving a young son, Wil- 
 liam Seward Iliff. In March, 1870, Mr. Iliff 
 married Miss Elizabeth Sarah Fraser, of 
 Fitzroy, Ontario.. Her father, William 
 Henry Fraser, was a grandson of Colonel 
 Simon Fraser, who led the Scottish forces 
 in the siege of Quebec. Mr. Iliff died Febru- 
 ary 9, 1878, leaving a wife and four children 
 (William Seward, Edna, Louise and John 
 Wesley, Jr.) to mourn his early death. He 
 was temperate, honest and just, and his busi- 
 ness career was marked by a conscientious 
 ness of purpose which rendered him a desir- 
 able neighbor and a most useful citizen. The 
 Iliff School of Theology at University Park 
 is a memorial of him, his widow and chil- 
 dren erecting the building and contributing 
 largely to the endowment. 
 
 -283 
 
GEORGE W. KASSLER 
 
 -284 
 
GEORGE W. KASSLER. 
 
 ASSLER, GEORGE W., merchant, 
 banker, insurance, born in Canajoharie, 
 Montgomery county, New York, September 
 12, 1836. 
 
 George "W. Kassler received a limited 
 education in his early boyhood and in his 
 native town, where, at eleven years old, he 
 was employed in a store, working during the 
 summer months and attending school in win- 
 ter. In this way he acquired knowledge and 
 experience which served as the foundation 
 for a varied and successful business career. 
 At the age of fifteen years he went to Coop- 
 ertown, New York, where he was clerk in 
 a store for one year. Thereafter he was clerk 
 in the postoffice at Coopertown, until 1857, 
 when he came west and located at Omaha. 
 While there he was employed in the banking 
 house of L. R. Tuttle and A. U. Wyman, each 
 of whom in later years became treasurer of 
 the United States. It was under the train- 
 ing of these eminent financiers that Mr. 
 Kassler acquired the principles and methods 
 of his systematic and successful banking 
 career in after years. Early in 1860, he left 
 Omaha for Denver, the journey, by wagon, 
 requiring twenty-four days. From that time 
 till the advent of the railway, he made no 
 less than a dozen trips by stage across the 
 plains, one trip being made by wagon train. 
 Arriving at Denver in April of that year, he 
 immediately entered the banking house of 
 Turner & Hobbs, as its cashier. Mr. Kassler 
 was not only a pioneer settler, but a pioneer 
 as a financial expert, a promoter of business 
 activity and a practical force among the 
 builders of the new city of the plains. At 
 the beginning of the civil war, the firm of 
 Turner & Hobbs closed its business and the 
 partners returned to the east. Mr. Kassler 
 was then appointed assistant to Major J. S. 
 Fillmore, paymaster of the United States 
 army. About a year later, while on a visit 
 to the east, he was appointed cashier of the 
 United States Mint at Denver. Resigning 
 that position in 1864, he established a book 
 
 and stationery store at the corner of Blake 
 and Fifteenth streets, subsequently adding 
 fire and life insurance, and continuing these 
 lines for ten years. He served, also, as presi- 
 dent of the Denver Board of Fire Under- 
 writers. In 1873, Mr. Kassler was elected 
 city treasurer, serving two years. In 1874, 
 he closed out his mercantile and insurance 
 business and became actively connected with 
 the First National Bank of Denver as assist- 
 ant cashier, the late David H. Moffat being 
 then the cashier. In 1880, when Mr. Moffat 
 was chosen as president of the bank, Mr. 
 Kassler was elected cashier. In 1882, Mr. 
 Kassler, through his enterprising activity, 
 having accumulated a comfortable fortune, 
 retired for rest and recuperation. Besides 
 the fruits of his unflagging industry, he was 
 a careful and successful investor, and among 
 his early achievements was the erection of 
 the Moffat & Kassler business building on 
 Lawrence street, now a valuable property 
 in the heart of the city. Mr. Kassler filled 
 various positions of responsibility and pub- 
 lic usefulness. He was deputy territorial 
 treasurer in 1876 ; was, for many years, sec- 
 retary of the Denver and South Park Rail- 
 road Company; was treasurer of the Board 
 of Trade; for six years, ending in 1883, he 
 was a member of the Board of Education 
 from District Number One; from 1883 to 
 1889, he was a member of the State Board 
 of Capitol Managers; resigned on account 
 of failing health. After a protracted illness, 
 Mr. Kassler died July 20, 1890. He was a 
 man of attractive personality, gentle and 
 kindly in nature, having the esteem and 
 affection of all who knew him in business 
 and social life. 
 
 Mr. Kassler married Miss Maria T. Steb- 
 bins of Clinton, New York, in 1865. He is 
 survived by his wife and two sons, all resi- 
 dents of Denver : E. S. Kassler, president of 
 the Kassler Investment Company, and C. M. 
 Kassler, secretary. 
 
 285 
 
ROBERT WILBUR STEELE 
 
 ROBERT WILBUR STEELE, 
 
 Q TEELE, ROBERT WILBUR, lawyer, born 
 ^ at Lebanon, Ohio, November 14, 1857, 
 was the son of Henry K. (a physician) and 
 Mary Frances (Dunlavy) Steele. Robert W. 
 Steele is descended from a line of eminent 
 professional men in the early history of Ohio. 
 Dr. Henry K. Steele (1825-1893) was for 
 many years a physician in Denver, Colorado. 
 Dr. John Steele was grandfather of Robert 
 
 W., and on the paternal side, he descended 
 from old Virginia stock, among the early 
 settlers of Kentucky and, later, pioneers of 
 Ohio. Dr. Henry K. Steele was educated at 
 Center College, Danville, Kentucky, taking 
 his degree in medicine and surgery at the 
 University of New York. In the civil war 
 he was surgeon of the Forty-fourth Ohio 
 Infantry and the Eighth Ohio Cavalry, serv- 
 
 286- 
 
ing till the close of the conflict. He re- 
 moved to Denver in 1870, and was one of 
 the organizers of the Colorado Medical So- 
 ciety. He filled various positions of honor 
 and responsibility, serving the public with- 
 out pay. 
 
 Robert Wilbur Steele, deceased, the only 
 son and late Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Colorado, came to Denver with his 
 parents in 1870. Having received his early 
 education in the common schools of Dayton, 
 Ohio, he entered the Denver public schools, 
 graduating from the first class of the Denver 
 High School in 1877. In 1878-1879, he at- 
 tended the law department of the Columbian 
 University, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1881. From 1880 to 1884, Mr. Steele served 
 as clerk of the Arapahoe county court, re- 
 signing that position to engage in the prac- 
 tice of the law. For his beginning he had 
 the esteem of his fellow barristers and the 
 friendship of all classes of the people. His 
 fine intelligence, his noble nature and the 
 sturdy qualities of his young manhood, as 
 manifested in faithful application to what- 
 ever calling and, withal, uniting a charming 
 personality with a wide comprehension of the 
 law, his many virtues strongly commended 
 him to public favor and he began his official 
 life at an early period in his professional 
 career. In 1891, Mr. Steele was elected dis- 
 trict attorney for the Second Judicial Dis- 
 trict, resigned and was appointed to fill a 
 vacancy as judge of the Arapahoe r nnnty 
 court. By election in 1895, he continued 
 upon that bench until 1898. 
 
 In the fall of 1900, he was elected to 
 the highest judicial office in the state, tak- 
 ing his seat as a justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Colorado in January, 1901. He 
 arose to the position of Chief Justice in 1907, 
 and continued as the presiding offices until 
 his death. He was stricken with apoplexy, 
 September 21, and died October 12, 1910. 
 Whether in professional pursuit or public 
 service, Judge Steele 's preferment was not 
 due to partisan sentiment or political affili- 
 ation so much as to his high degree of intel- 
 lectual capacity, his exalted sense of right, 
 tempered by a noble and benevolent nature 
 all combining in the one personality to make 
 him greatly popular among all political par- 
 ties and all classes of the people. Though 
 nominally a republican at an earlier period, 
 but latterly yielding no avowed allegiance 
 to any partisan organization, he had an 
 equal claim upon all, and was renominated 
 for the supreme bench by acclamation, at 
 the democratic state convention in Denver, 
 September 15, 1910, only a week before 
 his fatal illness. He was a man of the peo- 
 
 ple and the people of Colorado claimed him 
 as their own. 
 
 Justice Steele, in the case of Elder versus 
 Sours, delivered the opinion of the Supreme 
 Court, sustaining the constitutionality of the 
 Rush Bill, on the consolidation of the City 
 and County of Denver. In a later case, that 
 of the People ex. rel. Johnson, the Supreme 
 Court held that there were two sets of of- 
 ficers, Justice Steele and Justice Gunter dis- 
 senting. In the recent case of the State of 
 Colorado, ex. rel., the Attorney General, ver- 
 sus George D. Curtice, et. al., respondents, 
 Justice Bailey overruled the opinion of the 
 Johnson case, and held that the City and 
 County of Denver was entitled to but one 
 set of officers. In delivering his opinion, 
 Justice Bailey referred with approval to the 
 dissenting opinion of Justice Steele in the 
 Johnson case, holding it to be the law "be- 
 cause of its convincing, exhaustive, and un- 
 answerable discussion of the subject." 
 
 One of his most important and beneficent 
 decisions for the people of Denver, was in the 
 case of "The City and County of Denver et 
 al. vs. Hallett, Executor." The decision pro- 
 vided for the erection of the auditorium by 
 the people of Denver, for the use of the pub- 
 lic. An illustration of his humanity and pa- 
 triotism is the inscription which he gave for 
 the corner stone : 
 
 "Let all the nations be gathered together 
 let the people be assembled." This deci- 
 sion gave him more satisfaction than any 
 other, as he felt that he had accomplished 
 something for the people. 
 
 Upon all questions, whether for the adju- 
 dication of the courts, in state or municipal 
 affairs, or questions affecting the business 
 and social life of the community, he was 
 courageous and unyielding in his position 
 for equity and right ; and thus his benign 
 influence pervaded all circles and reached 
 from the humblest elements of society to 
 the highest dignitaries of the land. His able 
 and equitable opinions and decisions from 
 the bench characterize him as sublime in his 
 rectitude, impressive in his learning and en- 
 title him to honor as "the ideal minister of 
 the constitution and the law." In him was 
 vested the power to inspire the people with 
 reverence for the courts and a revered con- 
 fidence in justice therefrom. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion 
 and affiliated with several fraternal organ- 
 izations. 
 
 Judge Steele was married in Toledo, Ohio, 
 to Miss Anna B., daughter of P. B. Truax, of 
 Toledo, Ohio, February 28, 1884. He is sur- 
 vived by his wife and two children, Jane G. 
 and Robert W. Steele, Junior. 
 
 287 
 
JAMES G. KILPATRICK 
 
 288 
 
JAMES G. KILPATRICK. 
 
 ILPATRICK, JAMES G., merchant, born 
 in County Armagh, Ireland, May 2, 
 1848, son of James and Sarah (Gass) Kilpat- 
 rick, died in Denver, Colorado, October 17, 
 1895, was descended from a long line of 
 Irish ancestors. 
 
 James G. Kilpatrick received a good com- 
 mon education in his native country. He 
 came to the United States in 1866, first 
 locating in St. Louis, Missouri, in May of 
 that year, and there engaged as bookkeeper 
 in a notion house. He continued in that 
 position for two and a half years, and in 
 1869, purchased and located upon a farm 
 near Pleasant Hill, Missouri. After a brief 
 experience at farming, he sold out and went 
 to Baxter Springs, Kansas, where he en- 
 gaged as clerk and bookkeeper for about one 
 year. He then formed a partnership with 
 Guren & Hunter at Baxter Springs and 
 bought out the interests of his employer, 
 dealing in dry goods and general merchan- 
 dise. He thus continued for one year, when 
 the firm of Hunter & Kilpatrick succeeded 
 to the business, and, under this organization, 
 Mr. Kilpatrick continued for about one year 
 longer. The latter firm then sold out all 
 interests and Mr. Kilpatrick came to Denver 
 in July, 1872. Here he again entered into 
 the dry goods business as a clerk. He con- 
 tinued in this capacity for a short time and 
 then took charge of the books in the furni- 
 ture store of Smith & Doll. In that position 
 he remained for about eighteen months. In 
 1874, he formed a partnership with Robert 
 Brown of Cincinnati and opened the Kilpat- 
 rick & Brown furniture store. This partner- 
 ship terminated in 1884, and the business 
 was conducted thereafter by Mr. Kilpatrick 
 alone. This was the first large retail and 
 wholesale furniture store in the state. The 
 business prospered and under the immediate 
 direction of Mr. Kilpatrick, it was one of 
 the most successful mercantile enterprises in 
 Denver, having a widely extended wholesale 
 
 trade. Such continues to be the status of the 
 house. The business was continued by Mr. 
 Kilpatrick under the style of Kilpatrick & 
 Brown until the former's death, and follow- 
 ing this event, the James G. Kilpatrick Fur- 
 niture Company was organized, with Mrs. 
 Annie L., widow of James G. Kilpatrick, 
 president; and Mr. Julian T. Clarke, her 
 brother, vice-president and general man- 
 ager. Under this organization the business 
 is continued to the present day. It is the 
 oldest furniture house in Denver continu- 
 ing in the business. The new store of the 
 company at 1633-1639 California street forms 
 an admirable feature of the splendid growth 
 of Denver in the past fifteen years. It is 
 one of the great and luxurious stores of 
 medium and fine furniture, in conformity 
 with the more exacting demand for costly 
 house equipment in the west. At the time 
 of his death, Mr. Kilpatrick was president 
 of the Denver Athletic Club, and likewise 
 a trustee of the Central Presbyterian church. 
 He was on the building committee of both 
 these institutions, and supervised the erec- 
 tion of both buildings. He was a devout 
 Presbyterian and a staunch member of the 
 Central church. 
 
 Mr. Kilpatrick is remembered as a mer- 
 chant of great enterprise, a progressive and 
 public-spirited citizen, contributing in large 
 measure to the advancement and prosperity 
 of the city an exemplary man in business 
 and in all the relations of life. 
 
 He married in Denver, July 28, 1873, 
 Annie Laurie Clarke, of East Haddam, Con- 
 necticut, who survives him. Mrs. Kilpatrick 
 is a daughter of Jonathan Tillotson and 
 Emma (Webb) Clarke of East Haddam. On 
 the maternal side her father was descended 
 from the Willards. Colonel Simon Willard 
 of that branch of the family and from whom 
 Mrs. Kilpatrick is eighth in descent, was 
 one of the founders of Concord, Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 -289 
 
AARON DENNISON LEWIS 
 
 290 
 
AARON DENNISON LEWIS. 
 
 T EWIS, AARON DENNISON, merchant, 
 son of Aaron Thompson and Josephine 
 (Russell) Lewis, was born November 22, 
 1865, in Roseville, Illinois. His father, A. T. 
 Lewis, born March 19, 1831, died January 
 20, 1907, farmer, banker, merchant, the late 
 senior member of the dry goods firm of A. T. 
 Lewis & Company, was for many years one 
 of the leading business men of Denver, and 
 prominent citizen, identified with the growth 
 and prosperity of the city and state. Jose- 
 phine, his mother, was the daughter of Jon- 
 athan and Amanda Lyon Russell. 
 
 Mr. Lewis is a Son of the Revolution and 
 has an historic and proud lineage, extending 
 back to the Mayflower, upon which vessel 
 came his ancestor, Edward Doty, in 1620, 
 the name of the latter being inscribed on the 
 Plymouth Monument. In the paternal line, 
 his ancestor, Samuel Lewis, came from 
 Wales in 1732, and settled in New Jersey. 
 
 Mr. Lewis came to Denver, February 27, 
 1880, and from 1883 to 1888, he was em- 
 ployed by Daniels & Fisher, of that city. In 
 1888, he removed to Breckenridge, Colo- 
 rado, where he owned and conducted a dry 
 goods business. He established a large and 
 successful trade, remaining in Breckenridge 
 until 1890, when he returned to Denver. 
 
 In November of the year 1890, he started 
 in business in Denver, under the firm name 
 and style of Lewis Son & Barrow. When he 
 opened this new dry goods house, it was 
 with a small beginning and modest surround- 
 
 ings, the employees numbering only ten. 
 
 This business was afterward incorporated 
 under the name of The A. T. Lewis & Son 
 Dry Goods Company. The company now 
 employs six hundred people in its several 
 and large departments, and maintains buy- 
 ing offices in New York, Paris, Berlin and 
 Chemnitz. At the beginning, its sales were 
 a few thousands of dollars a year ; now they 
 aggregate several millions of dollars annu- 
 ally. 
 
 The firm is known and recognized as not 
 only one of the great dry goods houses of 
 Denver, but of Colorado and the west. The 
 integrity and stability of this firm is one of 
 its strongest assets. From the establish- 
 ment of this house, to the present time, only 
 goods of the best quality and highest grade 
 have stocked its counters and shelves. These 
 salient features, together with fair dealing, 
 honest methods and consistent service, have 
 built up this great dry goods establishment. 
 
 Mr. Lewis is a member of the Denver 
 Club, Denver Athletic Club, the Colorado 
 Traffic Club, the Denver Chamber of Com- 
 merce, the Colorado Manufacturers' Associ- 
 ation and the Retail Merchants' Association. 
 
 Mr. Lewis married in Denver, Colorado, 
 February 8, 1898, Miss Luella E., daughter 
 of George and Caroline Brand of Denver. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lewis are prominent in the 
 social life of Denver. They have two child- 
 ren, Flora Luella, and George Dennison. 
 
 291 
 
ALBERT EDMUND HUMPHREYS 
 
 292 
 
ALBERT EDMUND HUMPHREYS. 
 
 fJUMPHREYS, ALBERT EDMUND, min- 
 A A ing, born January 11, 1860, in Kanawha 
 county, Virginia (now "West Virginia), is 
 the son of Ira A. and Eleanor A. (Dawson) 
 Humphreys. She was the daughter of John 
 R. and Lily Dawson. He is a descendant 
 of the Humphreys of Virginia, whose pro- 
 genitor was a martyr, one of the seven Hum- 
 phreys who suffered persecution and mar- 
 tyrdom. The derivation of the Humphreys 
 name is supposed to be from the French, 
 homme, man, and vrai, true, meaning true 
 man. The name is found in the ancient rec- 
 ords as Amfreville (with various spellings 
 of the same) in Normandy, which is consid- 
 ered the origin of the family history. Later 
 the "h" appeared, and from Humphreys, 
 now the more general way of spelling it, the 
 name may be traced to Humphreyes, Hum- 
 frey, Humphrie, and other derivations. From 
 the days of the crusades, when Le Sire 
 d'Umphrayville was constable of Jerusalem, 
 and from the conquest of England by Wil- 
 liam the Conquerer in 1066, who was accom- 
 panied by Sir Robert d'Umfreville, down 
 through the centuries, they were valiant 
 knights and brave warriors, from whom 
 sprang the colonial Humphreys of Virginia, 
 who were patriots in the American revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 Albert E. Humphreys, the subject of this 
 sketch, was educated in the public schools of 
 Kanawha county, West Virginia, and at 
 Marshall college, Huntington, West Virginia, 
 
 and first engaged in business with his father 
 in 1876. He was one of the discoverers of 
 the great Mesaba iron range in Minnesota, 
 and owns gold and silver mines in Brit- 
 ish Columbia, Colorado and other western 
 states. His interests at the present time in- 
 clude large investments in Crcede, Colorado. 
 He has been engaged for more than twenty 
 years in the mining business, and in addition 
 to his western enterprises, he owns and con- 
 trols large coal properties in West Virginia. 
 Mr. Humphreys came to Colorado in 1896 
 and spends a part of his time in West Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Mr. Humphreys is a member of the Den- 
 ver Club, Denver Country Club, and Denver 
 Athletic Club, Denver; the Edgewood Coun- 
 try Club, Charleston, West Virginia; Oak- 
 shore Club, Rockport, Texas. 
 
 In Levana, Ohio, November 3, 1887, he 
 married Alice K. Boyd, daughter of Captain 
 C. W. and Margaret Boyd of Levana. They 
 have two children: Ira B, a successful in- 
 ventor, and Albert E., Jr. 
 
 The Boyd family are of Kentucky origin 
 and Mrs. Humphrey's mother was of the 
 McMeeken family of Pennsylvania. Her pa- 
 ternal grandmother was a Gibson of Ken- 
 tucky and through the Boyd branch of the 
 family Mrs. Humphreys traces her ancestry 
 in a direct line to revolutionary stock, sev- 
 eral of her ancestors having held commis- 
 sions in Washington's army. 
 
 293 
 
WILLIAM B. HARRISON 
 
 291 
 
WILLIAM B. HARRISON. 
 
 UABRISON, WILLIAM B., attorney, was 
 born in Augusta county, Virginia, on 
 November 18, 1851. Henry Harrison, his 
 father, was born on May 13, 1823, and still 
 resides on his Virginia plantation, known as 
 ' ' West Hill. ' ' His mother was Jane St. Glair 
 Cochran, daughter of George M. and Maria 
 B. Cochran. Mr. Harrison comes of an old 
 and distinguished family. Benjamin Harri- 
 son settled in Surry county, Virginia, in 
 1635, and from him were descended Benjamin 
 Harrison, one of the signers of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence; William H. Harrison 
 and Benjamin Harrison, presidents of the 
 United States; and Carter H. Harrison, 
 mayor of Chicago. Among Mr. Harrison's 
 ancestors were Colonel Archibald Gary, a 
 revolutionary patriot, who presided over the 
 Virginia convention of 1776, and Robert Car- 
 ter, known, on account of his great wealth, 
 as "King Carter," a colonial governor of 
 Virginia. A brother, George M. Harrison, is 
 one of the judges of the Supreme Court of 
 Virginia, and another brother, Randolph 
 Harrison, is an eminent lawyer of that state. 
 Mr. Harrison received his first education 
 from tutors in his father's family and at 
 Powers' preparatory school in Staunton, 
 Virginia, after which he matriculated at the 
 
 University of Virginia, where he studied law 
 in 1874 and 1875. After leaving the univer- 
 sity he began the practice of law in Staun- 
 ton, Virginia, where he resided from 1875 
 until 1883. He came to Colorado in the lat- 
 ter year and settled in Denver, where he has 
 since lived and practiced his profession. 
 
 Mr. Harrison has had an active and suc- 
 cessful professional career. He has success- 
 fully conducted a number of important 
 cases before the Interstate Commerce Com- 
 mission, and much of the commercial equal- 
 ity now enjoyed by Denver is due to his 
 efforts. Mr. Harrison has, for some years, 
 been a standing master in chancery and ref- 
 eree in bankruptcy in the Federal Court, 
 having contributed valuable service in the 
 formation of the practice of bankruptcy in 
 this jurisdiction. 
 
 Mr. Harrison and Miss Janet Colquhoun 
 Withers, daughter of Reverend Edmund 
 Withers, were married in Norwood, Virginia, 
 on September 30, 1879. Two children were 
 born to this union. One daughter, Clara 
 Colquhoun Harrison, is the wife of Lieuten- 
 ant William W. Edwards, Tenth Cavalry, 
 United States Army, and the other daugh, 
 ter died in childhood. 
 
 295 
 
RODELPHUS HOWARD GILMORE 
 
 296 
 
RODELPHUS HOWARD GILMORE. 
 
 ILMORE, RODELPHUS HOWARD, 
 lawyer, born in Leeds, Maine, February 
 19, 1842, was the son of Colonel John and 
 Eliza (Otis) Gilmore. Through both his pa- 
 ternal and maternal lines, Judge Gilmore is 
 connected with prominent colonial families 
 of New England, in military and civil life. 
 His ancestor, James Gilmore, a Scotch-Irish 
 Presbyterian, because of the religious perse- 
 cution of that period, sailed from London, 
 for Massachusetts, in 1715, and became the 
 ancestor of this branch of the Gilmore fam- 
 ily in America. 
 
 Judge Gilmore 's father, Colonel John Gil- 
 more, commanded a regiment of Massachu- 
 setts infantry in the War of 1812. He was 
 born in 1790, and at the age of 23, when 
 at the head of this regiment, the credit was 
 largely due and given him, in repelling the 
 British from the southern coast of Massa- 
 chusetts in that war. He made his residence 
 at Easton, Massachusetts. His wife was the 
 daughter of Oliver Otis, and a sister of Hon- 
 orable John Otis, of a distinguished New 
 England family. In the Lothrop lineage, an 
 ancestor was a gallant soldier in the Amer- 
 ican Revolution. His great-grandfather, Ma- 
 jor Daniel Lothrop, was in command of the 
 artillery, overlooking Dorchester Heights, at 
 the time Washington assumed command of 
 the army, and his son, Lieutenant Daniel 
 Lothrop, was with the troops at Valley 
 Forge. General 0. O. Howard, one of the 
 great military leaders of the civil war, was 
 a half-brother of Judge Gilmore. Thus from 
 colonial days, and from the revolution to the 
 civil war, his family has been prominently 
 connected with the military history of the 
 country. 
 
 Judge Gilmore attended the Philips- 
 Andover Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, 
 and then entered Bowdoin College, where he 
 was graduated in 1863, with the degree of 
 A. B. In 1865, he received his LL. B. from 
 the Albany Law School. In 1872, Bowdoin 
 gave him an honorary A. M. 
 
 He began the practice of the law in 1865, 
 at Richmond, Indiana, where he remained 
 four months, and then removed to Cedar 
 Rapids, Iowa, where he rose rapidly in his 
 
 profession, and made his residence until 
 1880. During a period of eight years, he 
 was judge of the bankruptcy court, at that 
 place, when the proceedings were conducted 
 under the old practice. He also took a lead- 
 ing part in politics, and in 1872, was a presi- 
 dential elector in Iowa, on the republican 
 ticket, in the Grant campaign. 
 
 In 1880, Judge Gilmore removed to Colo- 
 rado, where he has since remained, in the 
 successful practice of the law. He first 
 located in Golden, but in March, 1882, he re- 
 moved to Denver, which is still his residence. 
 He formed a partnership with the Honorable 
 Frank Tilford, the latter a democratic leader, 
 who, later, became state senator. Their 
 partnership lasted until the death of Senator 
 Tilford. Judge Gilmore was a member of 
 the house of the Colorado legislature in 1885, 
 elected on the republican ticket, and was an 
 active participant in the proceedings of that 
 body. He has an extensive land law prac- 
 tice, which he has made a specialty, and in 
 this line ranks with the most eminent of his 
 profession, not only in this state, but in the 
 west. He is a member of the state and local 
 bar associations. His investments at Glen 
 Park, adjoining Palmer Lake, made him one 
 of the founders of that delightful "Glen" 
 and a favorite summer resort. In church 
 and Sunday school work, he has exerted a 
 wide influence for the good and the morals 
 of the state. At Glen Park was established 
 a chautauqua, where, since 1887, have been 
 heard many of the best lecturers and plat- 
 form speakers in the country, and in all this 
 work he has been identified as a patron and 
 founder. 
 
 Judge Gilmore married, first, at Leeds, 
 Maine, in 1867, Miss Rosa Deane, who died 
 in 1876. They had three children, of whom 
 one daughter, who was married to William 
 L. Knisell of Denver, survives. He married, 
 second, in 1885, Miss Belle Wightman of 
 Denver, and of this marriage were born 
 three children: Hugh, who was graduated 
 from Colorado College in 1910, with degree 
 of A. B. ; Faith, who has been a student at 
 Colorado College and the University of Den- 
 ver, and Roy Wightman. 
 
 297 
 

 GEORGE LAWRENCE McDERMOTT 
 
 298- 
 
GEORGE LAWRENCE McDERMOTT. 
 
 T\ ERMOTT, GEORGE LAWRENCE, 
 ix jyj j) born in Neenah, AVisconsin, 
 March 27, 1871, is of Irish parentage. His 
 father, Daniel (born in Ireland, 1813, died 
 February, 1910), married Ellen White, 
 daughter of a merchant in Tipperary, Ire- 
 land. He immigrated to America in 1830, 
 living to the advanced age of ninety-seven, 
 and the lady who became his wife came in 
 1840. 
 
 Dr. McDermott had been an indefatigible 
 worker, being thrown on his own efforts and 
 self-reliance, and there was thus developed 
 that energy and the laying of the foundation 
 of his future success, as a self-made man. 
 He utilized opportunities when they came, 
 and when they did aot come, he made them 
 for himself. This has been a chief trait of 
 Dr. McDermott from early school days, in 
 college, and later in the professional and 
 business world. 
 
 He was educated in the public schools at 
 Neenah, Wisconsin, and then the Rush Med- 
 ical College, in Chicago, from which he was 
 graduated in 1897. He then began the prac- 
 tice of his profession in his native city, 
 which he also followed for a time in Chi- 
 cago. Early in his career, he became promi- 
 nent as an instructor and teacher, in Chi- 
 cago, and at the University of Illinois, teach- 
 ing the senior medicine in the latter, 1902- 
 1908. 
 
 He then decided to come west and locate, 
 and to the young physician, Colorado pre- 
 sented a favorable outlook, affording oppor- 
 tunities for investment, as well as the prac- 
 tice of medicine. He first made a brief stay 
 in Colorado Springs, then coming to Denver, 
 
 1908, where he has been eminently success- 
 ful in his profession. 
 
 Dr. McDermott is a member of the Amer- 
 ican Medical Association. He married, in 
 Chicago, in 1899, Miss Eva Considine. They 
 have three children: Evelyn, eleven years 
 of age; George Lawrence, Jr., seven, and 
 Clement E., one year of age. 
 
 Dr. McDermott has also been fortunate 
 in business and real estate investments. 
 With a keen, practical insight, he has been 
 both prosperous and successful in his real 
 estate transactions, in buying, building and 
 selling. 
 
 He also bought the Consumers Brewing 
 Company, in August, 1910, which he at once 
 placed on a good business footing, and or- 
 ganized the Capitol Brewing Company in 
 September, the same year, with a capital 
 stock of $400,000, the doctor being made the 
 president of the company, which position he 
 still holds. Since taking over this brewery, 
 the plant has been doubled. He has been 
 treasurer of the Colorado Investment-Securi- 
 ties Company, since its organization, early 
 in 1911, and still continues his activity in 
 real estate. He is the inventor of several 
 electrical devices, and an internal combus- 
 tion gas engine. 
 
 Dr. McDermott is a great lover and ad- 
 mirer of nature, and more especially the wild 
 and rugged scenery of the west. Although 
 known to close and intimate friends, it will 
 be a surprise to the general public to learn 
 that Dr. McDermott is also a poet. He lately 
 published a volume of poems, for private cir- 
 culation among his friends, in which he de- 
 scribed nature in Colorado, its mountains 
 and scenery. 
 
 299 
 
ABRAM EMERSON MINIUM 
 
 ABRAM EMERSON MINIUM. 
 
 XrtlNIUM, ABRAM EMERSON, mining, 
 * * born in Batavia, Kane county, 111., 
 Feb. 23, 1862, is the son of Jacob John 
 (1831-1901), and Ruth (Bower) Minium. 
 The family is Pennsylvania Dutch, coming 
 
 from that state to 111., his father who had 
 formerly been a shoemaker, opening a general 
 mercantile store in Batavia. 
 
 Abram E. Minium received his education 
 in the public schools of his native town, and 
 
 300 
 
then entered the employ of the Newton 
 Wagon Company of Batavia, as a blacksmith 
 and later as a painter. For a time he was 
 engaged in the painting contract business, 
 which was followed by that of solicitor for 
 life insurance. Believing that still greater 
 opportunities were aflorded in the West, he 
 came to the Rocky Mountains, and for a time 
 led a prospector's life. Although he found 
 gold, yet he came upon what he considered 
 better than a gold mine. 
 
 Mr. Minium does not claim to have been 
 the original discoverer of asbestos in Wyo- 
 ming, yet he more than all others is given the 
 honor and credit of financing and developing 
 the different propositions that were pre- 
 sented. He is sometimes known as "Asbes- 
 tos" Minium, because of his prominence in 
 promoting and pushing this industry. In 
 1891 he came to Denver, which he has since 
 made his headquarters, although much of 
 his time has been spent in Wyoming. It 
 was in 1897, that he located a part of the 
 asbestos mining properties, one of which was 
 discovered by his wife, which are now oper- 
 ated by the company. 
 
 The International Asbestos Mills & Power 
 Company was incorporated Sep. 17, 1909, 
 under the laws of Wyo., with a capital stock 
 of $5,000,000. At the present time (1911) 
 the officers of the company are: A. E. Min- 
 ium, president; Tony P. Michael, vice-pres- 
 ident; Henry C. Beeler, E. M., consulting 
 engineer and secretary; and, C. H. Parker, 
 M. E., gen. mgr. of the mines and mills. The 
 company owns outright the lands or controls 
 the product of more than 80 per cent of all 
 the proven and available asbestos lands in 
 the Casper (Wyo.) Mountain district. Mr. 
 Minium has made a special study of asbestos 
 and its history, and prospected pracically 
 every foot of these asbestos lands near Casper, 
 in Natrona county, Wyo. His practical ex- 
 perience in mining, together with executive 
 ability, and his aggressive yet judicious and 
 economic policy, eminently fit him for the 
 position. Mr. Beeler, the consulting engi- 
 neer, is a graduate of the Colorado State 
 School of Mines and for eight years was the 
 State Geologist of Wyoming. S. E. Colyer, 
 secretary of the Northwestern Asbestos Mills 
 Company, an affiliated company, and C. H. 
 Parker, the general manager of the mills 
 and mines, together with Prof. Beeler and 
 others, have proven an able corps of asso- 
 ciates with Mr. Minium, in pushing this ex- 
 tensive asbestos enterprise. 
 
 The product is at present being manu- 
 factured and sold, with orders from the far 
 east. Three Denver firms that formerly 
 bought the Canadian product, are now using 
 only Wyoming asbestos. The International 
 
 Asbestos Mills & Power Company has leased 
 the reduction plant of the Colorado Iron 
 Works and is treating the ores as they come 
 from the Wyoming properties. This effects a 
 saving in freight, and the sand and crushed 
 rock are utilized in the manufacture of as- 
 bestos cement and plaster. 
 
 The Northwestern Asbestos Mills Com- 
 pany, an affiliated company with the Inter- 
 national, was organized under the laws of 
 Wyoming, October 20, 1910, with a capital 
 stock of $5,000,000, but each company has its 
 own mines and mills. The plant at Denver, 
 crushes and fiberizes the raw material, and 
 in reality, four asbestos factories are now 
 operated in this city. 
 
 The asbestos product has recently de- 
 veloped an increased demand in the commer- 
 cial world, entering largely into the useful 
 arts, owing to its fibrous nature, its conserva- 
 tion of heat, and protection against fire. A con- 
 servative estimate places the fuel saving, re- 
 sulting from its protection, at 25 per cent. 
 The U. S. has led other countries for years in 
 manufacturing asbestos goods, but until re- 
 cently, almost all the raw asbestos thus used 
 has been imported from Canada, where there 
 are 19 quarries and mills, having a capacity 
 of 8,500 tons of rock a day, and employing 
 in summer, more than 3,000 persons. Yet, 
 last year it was reported that Canada, the 
 leading producer of all, was $3,500,000 short 
 in supplying the demands of the U. S. It 
 will thus be seen, that the asbestos industry of 
 this country is in its infancy, and has a splen- 
 did future. When that future shall develop 
 with the working of the American mines and 
 mills into a great industry, Abram E. Minium 
 will be known and remembered as one of its 
 founders. Success has already come to him, 
 who was once the humble prospector in the 
 Wyo. asbestos district, and the future is most 
 promising. 
 
 Mr. Minium is vice-president of the 
 National Institute of Laws, a business men's 
 association at Kansas City, with branches in 
 Chicago and New York. 
 
 He also has a genius for invention. A 
 carding machine has been invented by him 
 for fiberizing asbestos, and one of his ma- 
 chines is now in active use at the Denver 
 plant It treats asbestos formerly of too low 
 grade to save, and this invention will increase 
 the value of all the raw marerial from 10 to 
 20 per cent. 
 
 Mr. Minium is a life member of the Ameri- 
 can Mining Congress, and of the Traffic Club, 
 Denver. He married in Sep., 1895, at Kan- 
 sas City, Mo., Miss Matilda Miller, of Prince- 
 ton, Mo., the ceremony being performed by 
 Bishop Quayle. 
 
 301 
 
GEORGE RANSOM SWALLOW 
 
 -302- 
 
GEORGE RANSOM SWALLOW. 
 
 C WALLOW, GEORGE RANSOM, farmer 
 ^ and retired banker, born August 29, 1839, 
 in Green county, Illinois, was the son of Ran- 
 som (1804-1845) and Sophia (Griswold) 
 Swallow. His father was a farmer and mer- 
 chant. His mother was from Vermont, and 
 her mother was a Twitchell, whose father 
 was one of the American patriots who fought 
 at Bunker Hill. His colonial ancestors came 
 from England and settled in Massachusetts, 
 and his great-grandfather was a soldier in 
 the Revolution. His name appears on the 
 Bunker Hill monument. Removing from 
 Dunstable, Massachusetts, to Vermont, Na- 
 ham Swallow was the first man to raise 
 merino sheep in that state. Through his 
 maternal line, the Griswolds, he had ances- 
 tors in the Colonial Wars, and at Plattsburg. 
 Some of his family also fought in the War 
 of 1812. 
 
 In 1840 his father moved with his fam- 
 ily to Manchester, Illinois, where he died, 
 about four years later. At the age of four- 
 teen, George R. SAvallow began clerking 
 in a drug store at Winchester, Illinois, 
 his early education having been confined 
 to the district schools. After fourteen 
 months he became a clerk in the postoffice 
 at Alton, where he was employed seven 
 months. Then removing to Jerseyville, he 
 became a bookkeeper in a store, mill and 
 bank, until 1860. Going to Centralia, he 
 started the Centralia Bank. He removed to 
 Vincennes, Indiana, in March, 1861 ; and, in 
 August following, he enlisted as a private 
 in Captain Harris' Seventh Indiana Battery. 
 Governor Morton, on October 4, that year, 
 commissioned him Junior First Lieutenant 
 in the same battery, and after the battle of 
 Shiloh he was appointed captain of the bat- 
 tery. Captain Swallow remained with the 
 battery, which was attached to Buell's army, 
 marching to Stevenson, Alabama, thence on 
 the retrograde movement to Nashville and 
 Louisville. He served on the advance made 
 to drive General Bragg out of Kentucky, and 
 was with General Rosecranz through south- 
 ern Kentucky and northern Tennessee to 
 Nashville. Then he went to Chattanooga, 
 Tennessee, after which he was appointed 
 chief of artillery, serving through Chicka- 
 mauga, Missionary Ridge and Lookout Moun- 
 
 tain, and started with General Sherman on 
 his march to the sea. On May 6, 1864, he 
 was commissioned Major of the Tenth Indi- 
 ana Cavalry. During the summer of 1864 
 his regiment engaged in guarding the rail- 
 roads from Pulaski, Tennessee, to Decatur, 
 Alabama. He was at the latter place with 
 four companies, when it was attacked by 
 General Hood on his way to Franklin and 
 Nashville. On the second day of the fight 
 at Nashville, Major Swallow was wounded. 
 His command captured more prisoners than 
 they had men on duty. A lieutenant colonel, 
 two majors and several line officers of the 
 regiment were also wounded in that fight. 
 In 1865, as major in command of the regi- 
 ment, he took part in the campaign against 
 Mobile. He was promoted to lieutenant colo- 
 nel and then colonel of this regiment and 
 after performing garrison duty at Vicksburg 
 until August 15, 1865, he returned to private 
 life. His war record of rising from a pri- 
 vate in the ranks to that of colonel tells its 
 own story. 
 
 Returning to Jerseyville, Illinois, for six 
 years (1866-1872), he was one of the pro- 
 prietors of the banking house of Cross & 
 Swallow. Selling his interest, in November, 
 1872, he came to Colorado in July, 1873, lo- 
 cating at Trinidad, where in that same month 
 he, with John W. Terry, organized the Las 
 Animas County Bank, of Swallow & Terry, 
 the first bank in the territory south of the 
 Arkansas river. 
 
 In the fall of 1884 he was elected on the 
 Republican ticket, as state treasurer of Colo- 
 rado, serving the two-year term of 1885- 
 1886. During the two years of 1887-1888, 
 he was operating in Denver real estate, and 
 1888-1891 was abroad; in 1892-1894, vice- 
 president of the American National Bank of 
 Denver; in 1894, president of the Denver 
 Savings Bank, which position he held for ten 
 years. Among other investments, he is now 
 interested in several farms. He was recently 
 appointed one of the appraisers in the estate 
 of David H. Moffat. 
 
 Colonel Swallow married, at Jerseyville, 
 Illinois, in 1866, Miss Hannah Virginia, 
 daughter of Abijah Davis, of colonial an- 
 cestry. 
 
 303 
 
FREDERICK GOWIE MOFFAT 
 
FREDERICK GOWIE MOFFAT. 
 
 OFF AT, FREDERICK GOWIE, banker, 
 son of Frederick W. and Mary (Whit- 
 ney) Moffat, was born in Albany, New York, 
 June 19, 1861. His father, a banker, was 
 born August 27, 1837, and died August 13, 
 1906. His mother is the daughter of 
 Chauncy and Mary Whitney. 
 
 Mr. Moffat is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, 
 that came to this country in the early days. 
 The family is related to the ancient clans of 
 Scotland, and linked with the legends, wars 
 and heroic history of that country. Samuel 
 Moffat, the American progenitor, came to 
 the colonies, from Antrim in the North of 
 Ireland, but the family originally emigrated 
 from the town of Moffat, Scotland. He set- 
 tled in Washingtonville, Orange county, New 
 York, where his descendants have been 
 prominent in the history of that section of 
 the state, and back in colonial days, partici- 
 pated in the American Revolution. Fred G. 
 Moffat is also descended on the maternal side 
 from the Gregg family, of Scotch-Irish an- 
 cestry, one of whom, Captain Gregg, in the 
 maternal line, was a patriot in the army of 
 the American Revolution. In military, civil 
 and private life the family has been dis- 
 tinguished and became leaders in this coun- 
 try, as they had been in Scotland. 
 
 One of the most eminent of the American 
 branch was David H. Moffat (q. v), Colorado 
 pioneer, banker, and railroad builder, so well 
 known in the upbuilding and development of 
 the west. Mr. Moffat, the subject of this 
 sketch, is one of the same family tree, being > 
 a nephew of the distinguished Colorado 
 financier, who, for many years, was the presi- 
 
 dent of the First National Bank of Denver, 
 and the promoter of the "Moffat Koaa,"' 
 now building from Denver to Salt Lake City. 
 
 Fred. G. Moffat, as he is more commonly 
 known in this state, came to Denver March 
 10, 1890, and has since made it his residence, 
 having been associated for ten years with 
 his uncle, David H. Moffat, in the First Na- 
 tional. Early in life Mr. Moffat had planned 
 a different career for himself. After having 
 attended the public schools in Washington, 
 D. C., he studied for the navy, and then be- 
 came a medical student in Columbia Medical 
 College. For a short time he engaged in 
 banking in Washington, D. C., and then came 
 west. He became assistant cashier of the 
 First National Bank at Denver, in Janu- 
 ary, 1901; later he was appointed cashier, 
 and in June, 1911, was made vice-president, 
 which latter position he occupies at the pres- 
 ent time. He is known and recognized as 
 one of the leading financiers of the west, and 
 his rise in banking circles has been attained 
 through energy, aptitude and financial abil- 
 ity. 
 
 Mr. Moffat is a member of the Denver 
 Club, Denver Athletic Club, Denver Country 
 Club, and the Military Order of the Loyal 
 Legion. He married October 31, 1894, in 
 Cincinnati, Miss Charlotte Grace Selden, 
 daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Keefer) 
 Selden. Mrs. Moffat is of colonial ancestry 
 and a grand-daughter of Colonel Samuel 
 Selden, a distinguished officer in the Revo- 
 lutionary army from Connecticut. They have 
 two children: Elizabeth W. and David H. 
 Moffat. 
 
 305 
 
WILLIAM NASSAU WALKER BLAYNEY 
 
WILLIAM NASSAU WALKER BLAYNEY. 
 
 T>LAYNEY, WILLIAM NASSAU 
 -*-^ WALKER, merchandise broker and 
 financier, born in Dublin, Ireland, December 
 17, 1859, was the son of Thomas W. and 
 Louisa Jane Blayney, and, at a tender age, 
 came to this country with his parents. He 
 was educated in the public schools of Chi- 
 cago and Riverside, Illinois. Mr. Blayney 
 began his business career, working as an 
 office boy for Franklin McVeagh & Com- 
 pany, Chicago, at a salary of three dollars 
 a week, and was advanced by that firm to 
 shipping clerk, private secretary and sales- 
 man. His experience and rapid promotion 
 in this extensive Chicago business house both 
 fitted him for a higher sphere of commercial 
 life, as well as showing his adaptability and 
 skill in planning and executing the details 
 of extensive organization. The mastery of 
 detail, quick insight, and strong executive 
 ability, combined with upright and .square 
 dealing, have been the marked traits of char- 
 acter, that have made Mr. Blayney a suc- 
 cessful business man. 
 
 This has been exemplified in his long 
 service and connection with prominent busi- 
 ness interests in this city. This phase of his 
 commercial life is illustrated in the term of 
 twenty-five years he has been the Denver 
 representative of the Cudahy Packing Com- 
 pany, one of the largest firms in the United 
 States. In business he is shrewd, quick, far- 
 sighted, which combined with the strictest 
 integrity, has resulted in his long continued 
 service with that company, and in holding 
 their extensive trade in the West, and espe- 
 cially in the Rocky Mountain region. He is 
 also prominently identified with many local 
 enterprises and institutions, including that 
 of secretary, treasurer and manager of the 
 Hallack Investment Company, and vice- 
 president of the Hallack Lumber and Supply 
 Company. Both these companies represent 
 large invested interests, and an extensive 
 
 trade in the West, in which the sterling 
 integrity of the late Mr. Erastus F. Hallack 
 has been maintained in conducting and man- 
 aging these affairs. Mr. Blayney is also 
 president of the Coffin Packing and Provi- 
 sion Company, president of the Market Com- 
 pany and vice-president of the Denver Pack- 
 ing and Provision Company. His long serv- 
 ice with the Cudahys and these last named 
 firms places Mr. Blayney in an enviable posi- 
 tion as an expert and skilled manager in 
 all lines pertaining to the packing and sup- 
 ply business, in which he has won and has 
 sustained his reputation for fair and honest 
 dealing with the customers of these firms. 
 
 In all this varied experience, in which he 
 has secured the confidence and trust of the 
 public, there have been opened new avenues, 
 in which his ability as a financier and an 
 executive power have been called into requi- 
 sition. In the re-organization of the First 
 National Bank, Mr. Blayney was made one 
 of its directors, a high compliment to his 
 ability, which is well worthy the trust im- 
 posed. Changes were made in the official 
 list of the Denver Union Water Company, 
 and here again the name of Mr. Blayney, 
 as one of the most influential that could be 
 suggested, was presented, and he was elected 
 a director in that company. In his whole 
 life, Mr. Blayney is a representative of that 
 type of the young business man who, by 
 strict adherence to honesty, fair dealing, and 
 by his own force of character, rises to emi- 
 nence and high positions of honor and trust. 
 
 Mr. Blayney is fond of outdoor sports, 
 hunting and shooting, and has been a mem- 
 ber of the leading gun clubs. He is also 
 a member of the Denver Club, Country Club, 
 Denver ; Colorado Golf Club and the Denver 
 Athletic Club. 
 
 He married in Denver, February 14, 
 1899, Miss Minnie G., daughter of Erastus 
 F. Hallack (q. v.) and Kate G. Hallack. 
 They have two children ; Dorothy and Helen. 
 
 307 
 

 
 JOHN MONTGOMERY KUYKENDALL 
 
 308 
 
JOHN MONTGOMERY KUYKENDALL. 
 
 T7" UYKENDALL, JOHN MONTGOMERY, 
 
 ^^ capitalist and organizer, was born in 
 Platte county, state of Missouri, April 25, 
 1860, and is the son of William L. and Eliza 
 A. (Montgomery) Kuykendall. His early 
 ancestors came to this country from Holland 
 some generations ago and his father, Wil- 
 liam L. Kuykendall, was born in Missouri, 
 December 13, 1835, is still living and is a 
 ranchman by occupation. Mr. Kuykendall 's 
 great-grandfather was under Colonel Camp- 
 bell during the Revolutionary war, and was 
 killed at the battle of King's Mountain. His 
 Grandfather Thompson, also fought in the 
 Revolutionary war, and also took prominent 
 part in wars with the Indians in the early 
 Kentucky settlements. He was in St. Glair's 
 defeat by Indians in Ohio, and was with 
 Wayne the following year, when the Indians 
 were badly whipped. Grandfather Kuyken- 
 dall was county judge in both Clay and 
 Platte counties, Missouri, and was the first 
 sheriff and the first judge of probate elected 
 in that state. He was also county treasurer. 
 He raised a company for the Mexican war, 
 but when ready to be mustered in, it was 
 found that the state had already furnished 
 more than its quota of troops. 
 
 Mr. Kuykendall 's father was deputy 
 clerk of the circuit court, when only seven- 
 teen years of age. He was later county clerk 
 and deputy clerk of the district court of 
 Kansas also judge of probate and county 
 treasurer. He was city clerk of Cheyenne, 
 and also twice a member of the legislature 
 of Wyoming, and was the democratic mem- 
 ber of the national committee of that party 
 for eight years. He served as captain in 
 the Confederate army for the greater part 
 of four years, and has held other minor 
 positions. 
 
 Mr. Kuykendall received his education in 
 the Cheyenne public schools, and at Racine 
 College, Wisconsin. At twelve years of age 
 he was in the sheep business with his father. 
 In 1875, he engaged in his first real busi- 
 ness enterprise, with J. I. Case of Racine, 
 Wisconsin, in the cattle business. In 1882, 
 he organized the Wisconsin-AVyoming Land 
 and Cattle Company, with capital stock of 
 $145,000, and Mr. Kuykendall held the po- 
 
 sition of general manager. In 1885, he or- 
 ganized a cattle company, which operated 
 on the Medicine Bow, Carbon county, Wyo- 
 ming, known as the J. M. Kuykendall Com- 
 pany. He was president and general man- 
 ager. In 1892 was launched the Columbia 
 Coach Company, which operated during the 
 World's Fair at Chicago, of which he was 
 president and general manager. 
 
 In 1890, he formed the Denver Omnibus 
 and Carriage Company, with a capital of 
 $100,000, and in 1893, the Denver Omnibus 
 and Cab Company, with a capital stock of 
 $100,000. Mr. Kuykendall was president and 
 general manager of both of these companies. 
 In 1910, the Denver Omnibus and Cab Com- 
 pany was reorganized under the laws of 
 Wyoming, and the capital stock increased 
 to $525,000. 
 
 Mr. Kuykendall is interested extensively 
 in the ranching and cattle business in Wyo- 
 ming, also in large irrigation enterprises in 
 the same state, and is the manager of a vast 
 estate in Omaha, Nebraska. He has invented 
 a fastener for stirrup strap used on cowboys' 
 saddles and patent is now pending. 
 
 Mr. Kuykendall first came to Denver 
 when a child, in 1866 ; went to Cheyenne in 
 1867; returned to Denver, and went into 
 the transfer business in 1889. He has also 
 lived in Dakota. As a boy of nine years, he 
 was elected and served as page in the first 
 territorial legislature of Wyoming, and filled 
 the position of page and messenger for the 
 three following sessions of the legislature in 
 this territory. 
 
 Mr. Kuykendall married in Cheyenne, 
 January 1, 1889, Miss Anna T. Thomason. 
 Her father's name was Zachariah Thomason, 
 and was one of the pioneer cattlemen of 
 Colorado and Wyoming, and was interested 
 in several of the largest cattle companies of 
 the west. 
 
 Mr. Kuykendall 's life has been spent in 
 the west and most of it on the frontier. He 
 is devotedly attached to, and is most opti- 
 mistic in the future greatness of Denver. He 
 feels that there is no other place on the globe 
 that would seem like home to him, and trusts 
 that he may be able to spend the rest of }r 
 days in that city. 
 
 309 
 
CHARLES BALDWIN LYMAN, M. D. 
 
 310 
 
CHARLES BALDWIN LYMAN, M. D. 
 
 T YMAN, CHARLES BALDWIN, M. D., 
 J "* / son of Dr. Jabez and Lucy (Depue) 
 Lyman, was born in Rockt'ord, Illinois, Sep- 
 tember 20, 1863. He is a descendant of Sir 
 Radulphus Lambert, who was with "William 
 the Conqueror at the battle of Hastings. 
 Elizabeth Lambert, his decendant, fifteen 
 generations later, married in the time of 
 Henry II, Henry Lyman. The twenty-sixth 
 generation from Sir Radulphus Lambert is 
 represented by Dr. Lyman, the subject of 
 this sketch. Richard Lyman, Sr., who came 
 from Bristol, England, in 1631, was his 
 American progenitor. Landing in Boston, 
 November 4, that year, he settled in Charles- 
 ton, a suburb of that city, and in 1635, be- 
 came one of the original proprietors of Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, and the possessor of large 
 estates. He left two sons, John and Rich- 
 ard, Jr.; the former, born in England in 
 1623, settled in Northampton, Massachusetts, 
 in 1654, where he died in 1690. He was a 
 lieutenant of a company in the historic Deer- 
 field fight with the Indians. His wife was 
 Dorcas, daughter of John Plumb, and of 
 their large family, the fourth son was Lieu- 
 tenant Benjamin Lyman (1674-1723), an ex- 
 tensive farmer, whose family consisted of 
 ten children, of whom was a son, Benjamin 
 (1703-1762), born in Northampton and re- 
 moved to Easthampton in 1745, where he 
 died. His son, Lemuel, born August 17, 
 1735, participated in the French and Indian 
 War, joining an expedition in 1755 against 
 Crown Point, being wounded in the fight at 
 Lake George. He was a distinguished citi- 
 zen, dying in 1810. His son, Ahira Lyman 
 (1770-1836) conducted a large mercantile 
 business at Easthampton, where he was 
 prominent and highly esteemed. He mar- 
 ried, first, Sallie Pomeroy, by whom he had 
 four children: Roland, Lemuel, Ahira, and 
 Quartus ; married, second, Lydia Baldwin, 
 by whom he had two children, William and 
 Jabez B. Lyman, the latter born April 18, 
 1819. Jabez became an orphan in infancy, 
 but was given a classical education. After 
 graduating from Amherst, he traveled 
 abroad, continuing his studies for several 
 years in foreign countries. Returning to this 
 
 country he followed teaching for a time, 
 first, as instructor of modern languages at 
 Amherst, and then at Oglethorpe University, 
 Georgia, as professor of mathematics. He 
 then studied medicine in Europe, and re- 
 turning again to the United States in 1850, 
 he opened an office in Chicago, but a little 
 later established himself in his practice at 
 Rockford, Illinois, remaining there until 
 1879. For a time, he was president of the 
 board of education of that city. Removing 
 to Salem, Massachusetts, in 1879, he died 
 there in May, 1893. He married Miss Lucy 
 Depue, an instructor in Rockford Seminary, 
 a daughter of Ephraim and Elizabeth Depue, 
 he being a railroad contractor, who had for- 
 merly been a wagon manufacturer, and a 
 pioneer in that trade in Chicago. They had 
 five children, Charles B., Mary, Maud, George 
 and Edith. 
 
 Charles B. Lyman was educated in the 
 Salem (Massachusetts) high school, and at 
 Harvard, receiving his degree of M. D. from 
 the medical school of the latter in 1886, and 
 coming to Denver in September, 1887. Soon 
 after locating in this city he was appointed 
 a surgeon for the Union Pacific Railroad; 
 visiting surgeon for St. Luke's, St. Joseoh's 
 and County hospitals ; also for the State 
 Home for Dependent Children. He was for- 
 merly professor of fractures and dislocations, 
 Denver and Gross Medical College (Medical 
 Department of the University of Denver), 
 1892-1905. He is professor of surgery, Med- 
 ical Department of the University of Colo- 
 rado ; member, American Medical Associ- 
 ation; Denver and Rocky Mountain medical 
 societies; Denver Clinical and Pathological 
 Society; medical societies of the city and 
 county of Denver; visiting surgeon for St. 
 Joseph's and other hospitals. Dr. Lyman 
 has established himself in a large and lucra- 
 tive practice, and is recognized as one of the 
 most prominent in his profession in the west. 
 
 Dr. Lyman is a member of the Denver 
 Club, University Club, Denver; Denver Ath- 
 letic Club and Denver Motor Club. 
 
 He married, June 23, 1904, Ella Merton 
 Miller. 
 
 311 
 
WILLIAM V. HODGES 
 
 312 
 
WILLIAM V. HODGES. 
 
 T-TODGES, WILLIAM V., was born in 
 Westville, Otsego county, New York, 
 July 6, 1878, son of George L. and Ella J. 
 (Van Derveer) Hodges, whose direct ances- 
 tor was William Hodges, who came from 
 England and settled in Massachusetts prior 
 to 1650, he, the said William Hodges, being 
 of the eighth generation precedent to that of 
 the subject of the biography. All of his 
 ancestors in colonial times were of the pa- 
 triots, and served in official capacities 
 throughout the colonial and Revolutionary 
 wars with honor and distinction, and his 
 grand-father, James L. Hodges, in keeping 
 with the traditions of the family, was an 
 officer of renown in the civil war and a life- 
 long devoted member of the republican 
 party, most active where its interests were 
 concerned, and a staunch member of the 
 "Old Guard." His father, George L. Hodges, 
 is a well known attorney of Denver, and 
 was born in Hamilton, New York, April 1, 
 1853. 
 
 Mr. Hodges attended the Denver High 
 School and was graduated with honors in 
 the class of 1895. Desiring to follow the 
 legal profession, he afterward attended the 
 Columbia University Law School, and ob- 
 tained his degree of Bachelor of Laws in 
 1899, and has since followed that profession. 
 
 The early days of Mr. Hodges were spent 
 on a farm in the old home in New York. 
 He first came to Colorado with his parents 
 in 1880, and settled in Leadville, where the 
 family has since resided, with the exception 
 of a few years spent at the old domicile in 
 New York, so that in almost every sense of 
 the word he is a Colorado man, if not by 
 birth, assuredly by adoption, interest and 
 affiliations. 
 
 In 1899, he formed a partnership with 
 George L. Hodges and D. Edgar Wilson, 
 
 under the firm name of Hodges, Wilson & 
 Hodges. 
 
 In 1905, Mr. Hodges formed a partner- 
 ship with Clayton C. Dorsey, which became 
 well known in legal and business circles as 
 Dorsey & Hodges, the firm succeeding that 
 of Teller & Dorsey, of which the late Willard 
 Teller was a member. The firm gained an 
 enviable reputation throughout the state for 
 integrity, and carried to a successful issue 
 many cases of interest and importance. It 
 represented legally the Union Pacific rail- 
 road, various express companies and many 
 mining companies of vast scope throughout 
 this and adjoining states. 
 
 In 1911, Mr. Hodges dissolved partner- 
 ship with Mr. Dorsey. 
 
 In social circles, Mr. Hodges is well 
 known and is a member of the Denver Club, 
 the University Club, the Country Club, the 
 Denver Athletic and Mile High Clubs, in all 
 of which he is most active and a staunch 
 supporter. 
 
 Mr. Hodges takes a deep interest in 
 everything tending toward the development 
 and upbuilding of Denver and Colorado, and 
 is among the ardent supporters that have 
 helped to make the Queen city what she is. 
 
 He has never taken active part in poli- 
 tics and has never held public office of any 
 kind. He is devoted entirely to the law, 
 his clubs and his family. 
 
 Mr. Hodges was married December 3, 
 1902, to Miss Mabel E. Gilluly, a daughter 
 of Joseph W. Gilluly (q. v), of Denver, Colo- 
 rado. They have one living child, Joseph 
 Gilluly Hodges. 
 
 Among the younger practitioners of the 
 law, Colorado needs men endowed with 
 courage and the virility of youth such as 
 he possesses, as it is to such men her progress 
 and prosperity is due. 
 
 313 
 
SAMUEL B. MORGAN 
 
 314 
 
SAMUEL B. MORGAN. 
 
 "K/f ORGAN, SAMUEL B., real estate and 
 * * capitalist, born in Wethersfield, Con- 
 necticut, February 9, 1835, died in Denver, 
 December 11, 1897, was the second son of 
 Stephen (a farmer) and Rowena (Broad- 
 bent) Morgan. Stephen Morgan was a major 
 in the Connecticut militia, prominent in the 
 state, and raised a family of seven children, 
 five sons and two daughters. 
 
 Samuel B. Morgan received his early edu- 
 cation in the common schools of his native 
 town and graduated from the High School 
 of Hartford, Connecticut. Then, at the age 
 of sixteen, against the will of his family and 
 relatives, but with parental consent, he went 
 to sea as cabin boy on a whaling vessel, sail- 
 ing from Bedford on the New Bedford 
 whaler, ' ' South Boston. ' ' On his third voy- 
 age he rose to the position of first mate, 
 and his ship was wonderfully successful. He 
 left the service at San Francisco, in Decem- 
 ber, 1861, returning thence to his home in 
 Connecticut, via the Isthmus. In his several 
 voyages, Mr. Morgan visited nearly all the 
 principal ports of the world. In 1862, hav- 
 ing accepted command of a new whaling 
 vessel, Mr. Morgan prepared to again go to 
 sea. But, there was a providential interven- 
 tion and the event in question fortunately 
 made him a citizen of Colorado and a wealthy 
 and useful resident of Denver. The vessel 
 was standing ready, with all and everything 
 on board, and it was almost at the hour of 
 sailing, when Mr. Morgan received a tele- 
 gram from an uncle in Philadelphia, offer- 
 ing him the position of superintendent of 
 valuable mining properties at Black Hawk, 
 Colorado. This was in the period when rich 
 gold discoveries continued in that district, 
 and when vein mining began to be profitable. 
 With this golden prospect in view, Mr. Mor- 
 gan changed all his seagoing plans. Early 
 in the autumn of 1862, he came to Colorado, 
 where for the remainder of his life he was 
 among the men who were most conspicu- 
 ously identified with the development of 
 Denver and the material wealth of the state. 
 Mr. Morgan's wife and infant son joined the 
 husband and father at Black Hawk, in 1864. 
 In 1870, Mr. Morgan resigned his mining 
 position and entered into the grain and feed 
 business at Black Hawk. There and at Cen- 
 tral City the family resided during the ensu- 
 ing nine years. In the autumn of 1873, Mr. 
 Morgan removed to Denver. Here he em- 
 barked in the real estate business in con- 
 
 nection with the old-time firm of Day, Mor- 
 gan & Company. He was a far-seeing and 
 courageous investor, backing his ventures by 
 his unbounded faith in the growth and ulti- 
 mate greatness of Denver. He was a true 
 prophet of the present-day development of 
 the western country. Hence, he was abun- 
 dantly successful and became widely known 
 for his prowess in that branch of business. 
 By his investments he acquired large prop- 
 erty interests, which he retained until his 
 death. By the same methods, while enrich- 
 ing himself, Mr. Morgan made fortunes for 
 many others. He went to Leadville in the 
 early days of that famous silver camp, and 
 there acquired properties which added 
 greatly to his wealth. Disposing of these 
 interests in 1883, he returned to Denver to 
 give attention to his large holdings there. 
 From that period he operated under the 
 style of Morgan, French & Company, widely 
 known as the principal real estate firm of 
 Denver. In common with all people of the 
 United States, he suffered reverses and loss 
 through shrinkage of values following the 
 panic of 1893. Notwithstanding this, his 
 equities yielded him a large fortune. Mr. 
 Morgan was interested in other enterprises 
 in the city and state, and in all business af- 
 fairs he was progressive, public-spirited and 
 successful. He was one of the most active 
 leaders among the men who made Denver 
 famous and a magnetic attraction for home- 
 seekers and investors from all over the 
 world. He was one of the most influential 
 apostles of the belief in Denver's destiny 
 as a great city and he did his full share in 
 its upbuilding and advancement. He was 
 one of the pioneers in acquiring and improv- 
 ing Capitol Hill property, while in the mean- 
 time improving in the business center, and 
 was a noted exemplar in promoting the 
 growth of both sections. He was literally 
 one of the men who changed the aspect of 
 Denver from that of a straggling frontier 
 town to a metropolis of handsome propor- 
 tions and a city of splendor in the details 
 of its construction. 
 
 Mr. Morgan married Ellen Theresa Blinn 
 of Wetherfield, Connecticut, in 1862, his 
 widow now residing in Denver. They were 
 the parents of three children: Alice (Mor- 
 gan) Harrison; Jessie (Morgan) de Gogorza 
 of New York City, and Edward B. Morgan 
 (q. v.), the well known Denver attorney 
 and manager of his father's estate. 
 
 -315 
 
JOHN SEBASTIAN FLOWER 
 
 316 
 
JOHN SEBASTIAN FLOWER. 
 
 P LOWER, JOHN SEBASTIAN, real estate 
 A and investments, son of John Bennett 
 and Mary Ellen (Bean) Flower, was born 
 July 29, 1862, at St.Inigoes, St. Mary's coun- 
 ty, Maryland. His family history dates back 
 to the early days of the American colonies, 
 when his ancestor, William Flower, came in 
 1668 from Gloucester, England, to St. Mary's 
 county, Maryland. From generation to gen- 
 eration, the family was prominent in that lo- 
 cality. Gustavus Flower, grandfather of the 
 subject of this sketch, also born there, and 
 in the Flower direct line of ancestry, owned 
 large tracts of land in that vicinity, and was 
 a soldier in the war of 1812. John Bennett 
 Flower, son of the latter and father of John 
 Sebastian, also a native of that county, suc- 
 ceeded to these estates. He engaged in the 
 cultivation of these extensive tracts of land, 
 at the same time conducting a successful mer- 
 cantile establishment. He died in 1867, after 
 an active and prosperous business career. His 
 wife was Mary Ellen, daughter of William 
 and Mary (Combs) Bean and grandfather 
 of John Bean, of English and Scotch de- 
 scent, who was a soldier in the American 
 revolution. She died in St. Marys county. 
 
 Their son, John S. Flower, spent his early 
 years at St. Marys, and was an orphan at 
 ten years of age. Two years later he went 
 to Baltimore, where he became a student, 
 first in St. Marys, and then in St. Martins 
 academy. After completing his education, 
 he was employed by a publishing house in 
 Baltimore, where he remained three years. 
 
 Mr. Flower came to Denver in 1880 and 
 entered the employ of the Tribune Publish- 
 
 ing Company (Denver Tribune), and after 
 two years, was connected with the Merchants 
 Publishing Company, continuing with them 
 for eighteen months. In 1886, he started in 
 business for himself, in loans and real es- 
 tate, which he has since successfully fol- 
 lowed. Among his earlier and more impor- 
 tant deals was the purchase of the corner 
 of Seventeenth and Glenarm streets in 1894, 
 and there, with his partner, C. J. Parrott, he 
 erected a block in which they established an 
 office. Mr. Flower is now the senior member 
 of the firm of J. S. Flower & Company, one 
 of the most prominent in the city, controlling 
 a large amount of property and investments, 
 and conducting a prosperous business. He 
 is not only a leading factor in the commercial 
 life of the city, but also of the social. He 
 was prominently connected with the erection 
 of the Colorado Pioneer monument recently 
 reared and dedicated in Denver. Mr. Flower 
 is a member of the Denver and the Denver 
 Country Clubs, and a trustee in the Clayton 
 college ; also member Maryland Historical 
 Society. 
 
 He married, December 10, 1891, at Mon- 
 roe, Wisconsin, Miss Nellie L., daughter of 
 Arabut and Caroline (Sanderson) Ludlow. 
 Her father, descended frfom a Vermont fam- 
 ily with American colonial lineage, was a 
 pioneer in Monroe, Wisconsin, where he 
 built the Ludlow, then the largest hotel prop- 
 erty in the state. He also engaged in bank- 
 ing in that city, was one of its leading mer- 
 chants, and an extensive farmer. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Flower have two children : 
 Caroline and Ludlow. 
 
 317 
 
CHARLES CLARK WELCH, JR. 
 
 318 
 
CHARLES CLARK WELCH, JR. 
 
 TWELCH, CHARLES CLARK, JR., law- 
 "" yer, was born August 19, 1880, in 
 Golden, Colorado. He is the son of Charles 
 Clark Welch, who was born in Jefferson 
 county, New York, June 14, 1830, and died 
 at Jacksonville, Florida, February 1, 1908, 
 and Rebecca Jeannette Darrow Welch, 
 daughter of H. S. Darrow and Jeannette 
 Van Benchoten Darrow. His ancestry is of 
 early New England stock. He is descended 
 from Elder William Brewster, the pastor of 
 the Mayflower Colony, who landed at Ply- 
 mouth, Massachusetts, in 1620 ; from William 
 Hyde, one of the founders of Norwich, Con- 
 necticut, and from Major John Mason, dep- 
 uty governor of Connecticut in colonial times 
 and major general of the forces of the col- 
 ony, and of Elder John Strong, one of the 
 founders of Northampton, Massachusetts. 
 Eighteen of his ancestors were among the 
 founders of the Connecticut colony, and four 
 of the Massachusetts colony and several 
 served in the war of the revolution and the 
 war of 1812. 
 
 His father was one of Colorado 's pioneers 
 
 and prominently identied with the early his- 
 tory of this state and the west, and was a 
 public-spirited man of affairs. 
 
 Charles Clark Welch, Jr., was educated in 
 the East Denver High School, Columbia Uni- 
 versity, and the University of Virginia, 
 graduating from the law department of the 
 latter in June, 1907. Prior to attending col- 
 lege, he was employed at the age of seven- 
 teen, in the First National Bank of Denver, 
 where he remained for two years. 
 
 He is the president of the Jefferson Farm 
 Company and the Louisville Coal Mining 
 Company, the latter being leased to the 
 Northern Coal and Coke Company. 
 
 Mr. Welch is a member of the Univer- 
 sity Club, the Denver Athletic Club, the Real 
 Estate Exchange, the Society of the May- 
 flower Descendants and the Sons of the Revo- 
 lution. He is a thirty-second degree Mason. 
 
 He was married November 10, 1904, at 
 Denver, Colorado, to Miss Clara Armstrong, 
 daughter of Andrew Armstrong, deceased, of 
 this city. He is now engaged in the success- 
 ful practice of law in Denver. 
 
 -319 
 
ANDREW DUNCAN WILSON 
 
 ANDREW DUNCAN WILSON. 
 
 TT7ILSON, ANDREW DUNCAN, stock- 
 *^ man, real estate, and general business, 
 son of Hugh and Ann (Mitchell) Wilson, 
 was born in Weston, Platte county, Missouri, 
 July 2, 1844. His parents, of Scotch-Irish 
 ancestry, emigrated to this country, when 
 quite young, and settled in Pennsylvania. 
 
 In 1842, his father located in what was 
 known as the Platte Purchase, on the Amer- 
 ican frontier, in western Missouri. In the 
 fall of 1843, he returned to Pennsylvania, 
 where he married Miss Ann Mitchell, who 
 accompanied him to his new home in the then 
 far west. He became a prosperous farmer, 
 
 320 
 
also engaging in stock raising and contract- 
 ing, and was recognized as one of the lead- 
 ing citizens of the country. 
 
 Andrew D. AVilson, the son, attended the 
 common schools in Weston, Missouri, but 
 early in life started out to make his own 
 fortune. When but fifteen years of age, he 
 became a member of a party that followed 
 the rush to the Pike 's Peak country, arriving 
 in Denver, May 24, 1860. Thus, when but 
 a boy in his 'teens, he was known as a Colo- 
 rado pioneer. He at first worked as a clerk 
 in a store, then spent a year on a ranch, and 
 in 1862, went to Fairplay, where again he 
 clerked in a store. Mr. Wilson returned to 
 Denver in the fall of 1862, and again en- 
 gaged in ranching, locating on a desirable 
 site about ten miles above Denver, on Cherry 
 Creek. In the meantime, his brother Wil- 
 liam had become a resident of Colorado, and 
 they also engaged in freighting, but still re- 
 taining his interest in the ranch. He discon- 
 tinued the freighting business in 1865, and 
 began farming in Wilson's Gulch. 
 
 Mr. Wilson visited his old home in Mis- 
 souri, in the fall of 1866, returning in the 
 fall of 1867, with an immigrant and freight- 
 ing outfit. The Sioux Indians attacked their 
 wagon train on Plum Creek. Mr. Wilson, 
 in charge of the night guard, repulsed the 
 attack, but the Indians continued a desultory 
 fight until morning and then disappeared. 
 He reached Denver in safety, and resumed 
 freighting, trading and stock-raising, stock- 
 ing a ranch which he had taken up on Coal 
 Creek. He resided in a region that was much 
 exposed to the Indians, who were then rav- 
 aging the plains, and during this warfare 
 his ranch was raided, and valuable stock 
 taken. When Major Downing was sent to 
 the relief of the settlers on the Bijou basin, 
 Mr. Wilson and several of his neighbors 
 joined the command. The Indians continued 
 their raids during the summer of 1868, and 
 Mr. Wilson sustained serious damages in 
 the loss of stock, and his life was often in 
 danger. One of the tributaries of the Bijou 
 is named Wilson Creek in his honor. In 
 this locality he established a cattle ranch 
 and range in 1869, stocking it with a Texas 
 herd that he had purchased. The following 
 some, raiding his ranch. One man was 
 killed, several wounded, and stock driven 
 off. He now devoted his time to his ranches 
 and stock interests, on both Wilson Creek 
 and Coal Creek The Wilson ranch became 
 the center of the cattle industry in the east- 
 ern part of the plains, about sixty miles east 
 of Denver. It was the first ranch that was 
 established east of the West Bijou. It was 
 a region typical of the frontier. Deer, ante- 
 
 lope and other game abounded, and often 
 mingled with the cattle herdsj 
 
 After peace was finally restored with the 
 Indians, Mr. Wilson prospered in business, 
 and also became prominent in politics. He 
 was a member of the territorial council 
 (senate), and in 1876, served in the first state 
 legislature. During the legislative session, 
 he was especially interested in the enact- 
 ment of laws that would protect and develop 
 the stock industry. He was for several years 
 actively identified with the State Fair Asso- 
 ciation. While acting as superintendent of 
 this fair at Denver, in 1877, news was re- 
 ceived of an Indian outbreak in the eastern 
 part of the state, and Mr. Wilson led an expe- 
 dition against them. The old Kansas Pacific 
 furnished a train for the volunteers, who 
 were also accompanied by William N. Byers 
 of the Rocky Mountain News. Arms and 
 ammunition were supplied by the governor. 
 Procuring horses for his company at River 
 Bend, Mr. Wilson proceeded to Lip Trap's 
 ranch, where John Hitson with thirty other 
 volunteers joined them. Mr. Hitson being 
 an experienced scout, ranger and Indian 
 fighter, was elected captain, with Mr. Wilson 
 as lieutenant, and second in command of the 
 expedition, Avhich now numbered one hun- 
 dred and ten men. The hostile Indians, num- 
 bering three hundred, who had been com- 
 mitting depredations on the ranches, re- 
 treated south of the divide, on the appear- 
 ance of the whites. Some wished to make 
 an attack at once, but at the suggestion of 
 Mr. Byers, the Indians agreed to hold a coun- 
 cil, but as the opposing parties were ap- 
 proaching each other, the Indians suddenly 
 turned and fled. They followed the Indians 
 for two days, but the latter finally made their 
 escape before the command could give them 
 battle. 
 
 "After disposing of his holdings and stock, 
 in 1882, Mr. Wilson went to Europe, where 
 he spent about a year and a half in travel. 
 He has also been an extensive traveler in the 
 west, the Hawaiian Islands and the West 
 Indies. He met defeat with the democratic 
 party in 1884, when he was the nominee of 
 that party for lieutenant governor. Begin- 
 ning in 1878, he has made large investments 
 in Denver real estate, erected many build- 
 ings, and platted a sub-division to the city of 
 Denver. During 1886-1888, Mr. Wilson was 
 chairman of the executive committee of One 
 Hundred, a non-partisan organization, that 
 was fighting "ring politics." 
 
 Mr. AVilson is a member of the Colorado 
 Pioneer Society, and is prominent in the 
 Masonic order, being a Shriner and a thirty- 
 second degree Mason. 
 
 321 
 
OSCAR DAVID CASS, JR. 
 
 322 
 
OSCAR DAVID CASS, JR. 
 
 ASS, OSCAR DAVID JR., born June 30, 
 1881, was the son of Oscar David (M. 
 D.) and Emogene M. (Babcock) Cass. The 
 Cass family, of English-Scotch origin, has an 
 authentic history, dating back to the thir- 
 teenth century. His ancestors were promin- 
 ent in the early settlement of this country, in 
 New Hampshire and Vermont, during the 
 colonial period. Moses G. Cass, his grand- 
 father, resided in New Hampshire. One di- 
 vision of the Cass family removed to Michi- 
 gan, and of this branch was General Lewis 
 Cass, United States senator ffrom that state, 
 who was distinguished in the history and ser- 
 vice of his country. 
 
 Dr. Oscar D. Cass (q. v.) the father of the 
 subject of this sketch, was one of the pio- 
 neers of Colorado, and an eminent physician. 
 
 Oscar D. Cass Jr. attended the public 
 schools of Denver, including the east Denver 
 high school and then spent one year in the 
 Lawrenceville school, Lawrenceville, New 
 Jersey. He was for a time a student at 
 Princeton university, but only took part of 
 the course, returning to attend to the busi- 
 ness affairs of the family. Mr. Cass organ- 
 ized the Colorado Brick Supply company, 
 which at one time controlled a large portion 
 of the brick business of the city. His father 
 dying in 1894, and as the various properties 
 belonging to the Cass estate incurred work 
 and management too arduous for his widow, 
 the 0. D. Cass Investment Company was 
 formed which included valuable business 
 properties, among which is the Cass & Gra- 
 ham block at Sixteenth and Curtis streets. 
 Mr. Cass retired from the brick business in 
 1907, and became president of the 0. D. Cass 
 Investment Company. 
 
 In 1909 Edward A. Bishop, another native 
 son of Colorado, formed a partnership with 
 him in the real estate business, more for the 
 purposeof protecting their own properties 
 than engaging generally in that line of oper- 
 ation, in an extensive manner. The Bishop- 
 
 Cass Investment Company was incorporated 
 and Mr. Cass made president, which posi- 
 tion he holds at the present time. The com- 
 pany controls and manages many business 
 blocks in the commercial center of the city, 
 including the Foster building, Mercantile 
 building, Cass and Graham block, Riche 
 Scholtz corner, Guldman, and many other 
 blocks. 
 
 . Mr. Cass has been the active head of the 
 playground work of the city, and is at the 
 present time treasurer of the Denver Play- 
 ground Association. He is also a member of 
 the playground commission appointed by the 
 park board and the school board. Much of his 
 time has been spent in behalf of the public, 
 and he is a member of most of the several 
 organizations devoted to charitable and 
 philanthropic work in this city. He has never 
 held any political office, and, although sev- 
 eral times requested to run for office, has 
 always declined to permit the use of his 
 name in that connection. Upon two occa- 
 sions, he was urged to run for election as a 
 member of the Denver school board, but his 
 many other duties deterred him from con- 
 sidering the proposition. 
 
 Mr. Cass is a member of the principal 
 clubs, including the Denver Club, Denver 
 Country Club, Denver Athletic Club, and the 
 Gentlemen's Driving and Riding Club. He 
 is also a member of the Real Estate Ex- 
 change and others of the leading commer- 
 cial and business organizations of the city, 
 and is prominent in its social life. His fa- 
 vorite recreation is polo, being one of the 
 most active of the members of the Country 
 Club team. 
 
 Mr. Cass married, at Colorado Springs, 
 May 26, 1902, Maude, daughter of Benn 
 Brewer of Colorado Springs. They have two 
 children : Dorothy Marie Cass, eight years of 
 age, and Oscar David Cass III., five years 
 old. 
 
 323 
 
FREDERICK DEARBORN WIGHT. 
 
 VT7IGHT, FREDERICK DEARBORN, 
 *^ banker, stockman, real estate and 
 financier, born in AVindsor, Kenebec county, 
 Maine, June 18, 1837, died in Denver, Colo- 
 rado, May 23, 1911, was the son of Joseph 
 (born in Monmouth, Maine, July 7, 1787) 
 and Mary (Merrill of Lewiston, Maine) 
 Wight. The family name is from the Isle 
 of Wight, from which his ancestors came. 
 
 He and his sons were among the first con- 
 tributors to the founding of Harvard Col- 
 lege, and also first in subscribing and levy- 
 ing a tax for the first free school in Dedham. 
 Thomas Wight was accompanied to this coun- 
 try by two sons, of whom Henry, the elder, 
 the great-great-grandfather of the subject 
 of this sketch, was the first municipal officer 
 of Dedham ; also a magistrate under the gen- 
 
 FREDERICK DEARBORN WIGHT 
 
 The AVights were a colonial family, promi- 
 nent in the history of that period. The line 
 of Descent of Frederick D. AVight, extends 
 back in the paternal line through Joseph, 
 Timothy, Jonathan, Jr., Jonathan, Sr., Henry, 
 to Thomas AVight, the American progenitor, 
 who came with his wife, Elsie, from the Isle 
 of AA 7 ight to this country, about 1630. 
 Thomas was one of twelve authorized to 
 found the town of Dedham, Massachusetts. 
 
 eral court, and died February 27, 1680. 
 Joseph, father of Frederick D. AVight, mar- 
 ried Mary Merrill, and his father, Timothy 
 Wight, married Sarah Fisher. Timothy was 
 the son of Jonathan, Jr., who married Jem- 
 ima AVhiting. Jonathan, Sr., married Eliz- 
 abeth Haws. He was the son of Henry, who 
 married Jane Goodenow, and his parents 
 were Thomas and Elsie AVight, the original 
 immigrants. Joseph Wight was a soldier in 
 
 324 
 
the War of 1812 ; his father, Timothy, a sol- 
 dier in the American Revolution, and others 
 of the Wight family participated in King 
 Philip's war, and other Indian wars of the 
 colonies. 
 
 Frederick D. Wight worked on the farm 
 and attended the public schools until six- 
 teen years of age, and then entered the 
 Maine Liberal Institute at Litchfield, for 
 three terms, afterward teaching school and 
 clerking in stores. He then became a com- 
 mercial traveler in Canada, for a large Bos- 
 ton firm. 
 
 On July 5, 1864, when the news reached 
 him that his brother, William L., had been 
 killed in the battle before Petersburg (Fred- 
 erick's wife dying twelve days after), he 
 enlisted as a private soldier, although he 
 had at that time a substitute in the union 
 army. Soon afterward, a captain's commis- 
 sion was offered him by the governor, which 
 he refused, but consented to accept a first 
 lieutenant's commission, which was given 
 him October 27, 1864, in Company A, First 
 Battalion, Maine Volunteer Sharpshooters. 
 He commanded the company from December 
 1, 1864, as a lieutenant, until it was mus- 
 tered out. He saw service at City Point, 
 Virginia, and in January, 1865, was ordered 
 to Petersburg, and attached to the Third 
 Brigade, P'irst Division, Fifth Army Corps, 
 Army of the Potomac. Lieutenant Wight 
 participated in the siege operations against 
 Petersburg; was at Dabney's Mills and 
 Hatcher's Run, and in the Appomattox cam- 
 paign ; saw service at the junction of Quaker 
 and Boydton Roads, Lewis Farm, AVhite Oak 
 Road, Five Forks, Amelia Court House, 
 High Bridge ; witnessed the surrender of 
 General Lee at Appomattox, participated in 
 the grand review at Washington, and was 
 honorably discharged from the service, May 
 29, 1865. 
 
 Once, when referring to the surrender 
 of General Lee, Lieutenant Wight spoke of 
 it as follows: "I had the pleasure that day 
 of being in line with my company, and wit- 
 nessed the tattered remnant of Lee's veter- 
 ans stack their arms and deposit their worn 
 and ragged, but cherished banners. The 
 ranks of Lee's army were so decimated that 
 their division and brigade colors were nearer 
 together than our regimental flags. One 
 color bearer, who stood directly before me, 
 hugged closely, with his one remaining arm, 
 his bullet-scarred staff upon which still re- 
 mained a piece of a flag. I can see that man 
 now with his old, patched, ragged, faded 
 butternuit suit, his lank but erect body, his 
 long sandy hair, his pinched, famished face, 
 
 struggling to restrain his tears. But re- 
 strain them he could not ; and they were not 
 unmanly tears they did him honor." 
 
 After the war, Mr. Wight resumed his 
 employment with the Boston firm, until 1873, 
 and in that year located and stocked the 
 Travesia ranch, in New Mexico, with sheep. 
 In 1874, he made Trinidad, Colorado, his 
 home, becoming interested in the First Na- 
 tional Bank of that place until 1882, and of 
 which he was president. He was also inter- 
 ested in the Trinidad Gas and Electric Com- 
 pany, the Trinidad Electric Light, Heat and 
 Power Company, the city water company, 
 and valuable real estate. He prospered in 
 the cattle and sheep business, and especially 
 in the latter. His ranch in New Mexico cov- 
 ered an area of ten by thirty miles, and his 
 wool clippings in 1885 amounted to 150,000 
 pounds. Up to the time of his death he 
 owned and controlled 82,000 acres in Texas, 
 also large ranches in Colorado and New 
 Mexico, upon which grazed many thousands 
 of sheep and cattle, and became one of the 
 leading stockmen of the west. During the 
 past twelve years he made Denver his resi- 
 dence, investing heavily in real estate in that 
 city, as well as high class securities, gradu- 
 ally disposing of his ranches and stock. In 
 1888, his name was prominently mentioned 
 for the gubernatorial nomination at the re- 
 publican state convention. Mr. Wight was a 
 Mason, a member of the Military Order of 
 the Loyal Legion, and the Sons of the Revo- 
 lution. He married, first, at Lewiston, Maine, 
 April 23, 1863, Sarah Ann (born at Windsor, 
 October 18, 1846, died July 17, 1864), daugh- 
 ter of Henry Milliken and Harriet, daughter 
 of Benjamin Hewitt of Windsor. She was 
 educated in the Maine State Seminary, now 
 Bates College. She was a lady of many 
 accomplishments. 
 
 Mr. Wight married, second, August 1, 
 1872, at Low Moor, Clinton county, Iowa, 
 Mary Abby, born at Winthrop, Maine, March 
 5, 1853, daughter of Joseph and Hannah 
 (Robinson) Briggs, of old and prominent 
 Quaker stock. Mrs. Wight attended the 
 High School at Lynn, Massachusetts, the 
 home of her widowed mother, and later was 
 a student at the Friends' boarding school 
 at Providence. Mrs. Wight is a lady of 
 broad and liberal culture. 
 
 Mr. Wight Is survived by his widow and 
 seven children, the latter being : Mrs. Harry 
 Quine of Denver; Mrs. Joseph S. Davis of 
 Denver; Ernest Wight, Denver; Mark 
 Wight, New Mexico ; George Wight, Ocean 
 Park, California; Mrs. Charles McMillan, 
 Spokane, Washington, and Fred L. Wight, 
 New Mexico. 
 
 325- 
 
EDWARD BELL FIELD 
 
 
 326 
 
EDWARD BELL FIELD. 
 
 , EDAVARD BELL, telephone busi- 
 ness and financier, son of James Barker 
 and Eliza Ann (Bell) Field, was born Sep- 
 tember 4, 1850, in Chelsea, Massachusetts. 
 His father, born February 3, 1828, who is 
 still living, was formerly manager of the 
 Academy of Music. His mother was the 
 daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Low 
 (French) Bell. In both the paternal and 
 maternal lines, Mr. Field is descended from 
 prominent colonial ancestry. Robert Field, 
 his American progenitor, came from Eng- 
 land, and settled at Odeans Point, near Rye 
 Beach, New Hampshire, about 1623. Edward 
 Bell, his mother's ancestor, of English stock, 
 located in Boston about 1709, and donated 
 the ground on which the English high school 
 of Boston is located. 
 
 Mr. Field attended the public schools in 
 Chelsea, until fifteen years of age, gradu- 
 ating from the grammar school in 1865. As 
 soon as he was graduated, he went to work 
 with a wholesale woolen firm, and outside 
 regular Boston hours, was employed at the 
 theater business. His odd moments were 
 occupied in learning practical things, in 
 which he became interested, and later espe- 
 cially, in the mechanism of the telephone. 
 At night he studied biology and the problems 
 of physical and social evolution. Thus early 
 in life he developed an aptitude in search- 
 ing for basic principles, which characterized 
 his business career in after years. He delves 
 into fundamental elements in all matters per- 
 taining to commercial affairs, or matters in 
 which he may be interested. On July 1, 
 1865, he entered the employ of Eager Bart- 
 lett & Company, in the wholesale woolen 
 business, at Boston, continuing with that firm 
 until November 1, 1879. In the latter year, 
 owing to ill health, he came to Colorado, for 
 the benefit of its lung bracing air, arriving 
 in Denver, November 10. He rapidly recu- 
 perated in this climate, and resumed work, 
 beginning as a telephone operator, January 
 10, 1880. His early student life, partly self- 
 taught, enabled him, within a few months, to 
 become proficient in electrical science, as 
 applied to the telephone service. His ad- 
 vancement was rapid, and after a year, he 
 was promoted to the position of manager of 
 the operating department of the telephone 
 company for the state of Colorado. Mr. 
 Field was appointed superintendent of the 
 company in 1882, and general manager in 
 1884, and later the president of the Colo- 
 rado Telephone Company, operating the Bell 
 
 telephone for all of Colorado and some adja- 
 cent territory. He also became the head of 
 the American District Telegraph Company, 
 and engaged prominently in other business 
 activities, but everything else was secondary 
 to him but the telephone company. Mr. 
 Field is a master of details, which he hur- 
 riedly grasps, thus enabling him to give more 
 time for the exercise of his wonderful exec- 
 utive ability, his master force that has built 
 up and developed this great telephone sys- 
 tem in the west. 
 
 Under his administration, the company 
 expanded, new lines were constructed, the 
 work broadening into contiguous states, until 
 it became necessary to enlarge its corporate 
 powers and work. Recently the company 
 has been reorganized, and is now known as 
 the Mountain States Telephone and Tele- 
 graph Company, of which Mr. Field is presi- 
 dent. Mr. Field has a genius for organiza- 
 tion and the promoting of large enterprises, 
 in which he has always been eminently suc- 
 cessful. He has become one of the leading 
 business men and financiers of the west, 
 yet he is one of those who came to Colorado 
 for his health, and began life in Denver as 
 a telephone operator. He is a member of 
 the Denver Club, of which he was a director, 
 and a member of the executive committee 
 for three years ; also a member of the Den- 
 ver Athletic Club, of which he was a director 
 for several years. He is a member of the 
 Denver Country Club, and clubs in other 
 cities throughout the west. He is also prom- 
 inent among the commercial organizations, 
 and has been treasurer of the Denver Cham- 
 ber of Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Field married, January 22, 1872, at 
 Newton, Massachusetts, Miss Mary Alice, 
 daughter of William A. and Martha Ann 
 Legge. Mrs. Field is also descended from 
 families prominent in the colonial history of 
 New England, in its earlier period, and later 
 in the war of the American Revolution. Her 
 parents were born in New England, and on 
 the maternal side came from an old line of 
 sturdy and self-reliant Puritan and Quaker 
 stock. Elkena Dyer of Maine, one of the 
 patriots of the Revolution, was her ancestor. 
 She is a member of the Daughters of the 
 American Revolution, and takes a deep in- 
 terest in patriotic work. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Field are leaders in the 
 social life of Denver. They have four child- 
 ren : Edward Bell, Jr., May Agnes, Martha 
 L., and Grace W. Field. 
 
 327 
 
THOMAS F. WALSH 
 
 THOMAS F. WALSH. 
 
 \\7"ALSH, THOMAS F., mine owner and 
 mining engineer, born at Clonmel, Tip- 
 perary county, Ireland, April 2, 1851, died 
 in Washington, D. C., April 8, 1910, was edu- 
 cated in the common schools of his native 
 county, and then served seven years' ap- 
 prenticeship to a mill-wright, the time re- 
 quired for that trade in Ireland. When nine- 
 teen years of age, he emigrated to this coun- 
 try, first locating in Worcester, Massachu- 
 
 setts, where he worked as a mill-wright for 
 a year. In 1871 he removed to Colorado, and 
 at Golden he entered the employ of the Colo- 
 rado Central Railroad as a bridge builder. 
 In 1873, attracted by the mining outlook of 
 the San Juan region, he went to that section 
 of the state, locating at Del Norte, and fol- 
 lowed mining during the winter, returning 
 to Denver in the spring of 1874, and thence 
 that year, to Central City. In the latter city, 
 
 328 
 
he erected the principal buildings, at the 
 same time becoming interested in the mines. 
 During the winter of 1875-1876, he was en- 
 gaged in mining in the Black Hills, making 
 his headquarters at Ouster City, but followed 
 the rush to Deadwood in 1876, where he 
 made about $100,000. He narrowly missed 
 becoming a half-owner in the rich Homestake 
 mine. 
 
 The great Leadville boom caused his re- 
 turn to Colorado in 1878, and in 1879 he 
 became a resident of that new mining camp. 
 He engaged in mining, and also, together 
 with Messrs. Leavick and Daly, purchased 
 the Grand Hotel, which they enlarged and 
 operated. They were also among the first 
 to purchase any large amount of property 
 in that camp. Becoming associated with the 
 Du Bois Brothers, they bought the New York 
 mine in 1879, after which he owned, oper- 
 ated and sold the Shields, Dinero and St. 
 Kevin in Independence district, and engaged 
 in the general mining business, in which he 
 made considerable money. Mr. Walsh, in 
 the meantime, had become a close student 
 of mining as an industry and a science, in- 
 cluding a thorough course of reading in 
 geology, metallurgy, ore deposits and min- 
 eral veins, and the treatment and reduction 
 of the precious metals. About 1891 he in- 
 troduced into Colorado the Austin process 
 for the treatment of ores, which proved espe- 
 cially valuable in the reduction of the prod- 
 ucts of low grade mines. He acquired inter- 
 ests in smelters in Leadville, Kokomo, Silver- 
 ton, and other parts of the state. Later he 
 became interested in the Dean-Ham group 
 of mines and other properties at Cripple 
 Creek, and also a valuable mining group at 
 Rico. In 1896 he discovered the rich Camp- 
 Bird mine, near Ouray, which, with other 
 properties in the immediate locality, devel- 
 oped into a bonanza group that made Mr. 
 "Walsh one of the mining millionaires of the 
 West. 
 
 In 1899 he refused to accept a nomina- 
 tion for Congress, but continued to take a 
 special interest in the civic, political and so- 
 cial growth and development of the state. 
 In 1900, Mr. Walsh was appointed one of 
 the national commissioners to the Paris Ex- 
 position. During the year he entertained 
 King Leopold, and became interested with 
 him in some extensive enterprises. Mr. 
 Walsh had now taken up his residence in 
 Washington, where he built a costly man- 
 sion, and both he and his family became 
 prominent in the social life of the nation's 
 capital. He received so many urgent re- 
 quests to use his influence in behalf of this 
 state, on many of the measures that come 
 up for consideration, that he was known as 
 
 " Colorado's Unofficial Ambassador at Wash- 
 ington." No man in private life was ever 
 more influential in promoting the good of 
 this state at Washington than Thomas F. 
 Walsh. 
 
 He was especially interested in the erec- 
 tion of all buildings with modern appliances, 
 that would add to the safety and comfort 
 of the employes at the Camp-Bird mining 
 properties. A library was presented to the 
 City of Ouray by him, the dedication of 
 which was held in 1891. He has served as 
 president of the National Irrigation Con- 
 gress and the Trans-Mississippi Commercial 
 Congress, and was always a prominent figure 
 in promoting the interests not only of Colo- 
 rado, but the entire Weset. He was kind- 
 hearted and liberal, and especially had a 
 warm heart for the pioneer and old-time 
 prospector, for he, too, had experienced much 
 of the hard life of the West, before fortune 
 came to him. He was in every sense a self- 
 made man, and was a splendid type of those 
 who, amid the busy and exacting scenes of 
 life, may also become the student, and 
 through his own efforts become the scholar 
 and the polished gentleman. He was a mem- 
 ber of the State (Colorado) Humane Society 
 (president), Sons of Colorado (president), 
 American Association for the Advancement 
 of Science, Washington Academy of Sciences, 
 National Geographical Society, American As- 
 sociation of Mining Engineers, and member 
 of the executive committee of the Washing- 
 ton (D. C.) Board of Trade; also a member 
 of the following clubs: Denver Club, El 
 Paso (Colorado Springs) Club, Metropolitan 
 and Cosmos (Washington), and Metropolitan 
 (New York). 
 
 Mr. Walsh was also especially interested 
 in the State (Colorado) School of Mines, and 
 through apparatus donated, together with a 
 liberal gift of money, he established at that 
 institution the Vinson Walsh Research Fund 
 for the discovery of radium, as a memorial 
 to his son who lost his life in an automobile 
 accident in 1909. Although Mr. Walsh main- 
 tained a beautiful home at Washington, he 
 purchased Wolhurst, the country seat of the 
 late Senator Edward 0. Wolcott, near Den- 
 ver, which he made his summer residence, 
 and rechristened Clonmel, in honor of his 
 native place in Ireland. 
 
 He married at Leadville, Colorado, in 
 1879, Miss Carrie B. Reed. They had two 
 children, Vinson, who died in 1905, and Miss 
 Evelyn, who was married in Edward B., son 
 of John R. McLean, of the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer and the Washington Post. Mr. and 
 Mrs. McLean have one child, a son, Vinson 
 Walsh, born December 18, 1909. 
 
 329 
 
JAMES HENRY BROWN 
 
 330 
 
JAMES HENRY BROWN. 
 
 "DROWN, JAMES HENRY, lawyer, born 
 *"* September 3, 1859, in St. Joseph, Missouri, 
 the son of Henry Cordes (q. v.) and Jane Cory 
 (Thompson) Brown, was brought across the 
 plains in a prairie schooner to Denver by his 
 parents, when about six months old. He re- 
 ceived his early education in the Denver pub- 
 lic schools, and from 1873 to 1877, attended 
 the Northwestern University, at Evanston. 
 He was class president and a member of the 
 Phi Kappa Sigma. While at the university, 
 he was active in base ball and athletics. Re- 
 turning to Denver in June 1877, he entered 
 the law office of Symes & Decker, where he 
 remained two years. September 1, 1879, he 
 was admitted to the bar in Denver and in 
 1881 practiced before the United States 
 Supreme court. He was the first elective 
 city attorney, 1885-1887. The records show 
 that he found the docket crowded but 
 speedily brought cases to trial, losing but 
 three suits. 
 
 In 1890, he was elected on the republican 
 ticket, a member of the house, in the Colo- 
 rado legislature. This was the Eighth Gen- 
 eral Assembly, and had the stormiest record 
 of any in the history of the state. Elected 
 upon a reform ticket, and being a born fighter, 
 Mr. Brown immediately became the leader in 
 that branch of the legislature. There was 
 discontent over the committees appointed by 
 the speaker. Mr. Brown contended against 
 all precedents, that the power to remove the 
 speaker lay with the body of the house, and his 
 views were sustained by the Supreme Court 
 of Colorado. The speaker was deposed and 
 Mr. Brown was appointed chairman of the 
 committee on committees, and made up the 
 list for the permanent committees, which 
 were chosen. During this period of legisla- 
 tive strife, with many sensational features, an 
 appeal was made to Governor Routt, who or- 
 dered the National Guard to be in readiness 
 to maintain order in the General Assembly. 
 This brought about consultations with the 
 governor by the contending factions. Mr. 
 Brown called upon the Governor to ascertain 
 if he had taken the above action and at the 
 same time notified him that any attempt to 
 order out the Guard to interfere with the 
 House as a Legislative body would be at once 
 met by the filing of articles of impeachment 
 against him as Governor, for unlawful interfer- 
 ence with the house as a Sovereign Legislative 
 Body of the state. Nothing further was 
 heard from the troops. Governor Routt 
 
 thereafter requested the opinion of the Su- 
 preme Court upon the legality of such action 
 by the house. Upon the handing down of 
 their opinion, quiet and order were restored, 
 and the session adjourned with the enviable 
 record of having enacted into laws all the 
 platform pledges. Mr. Brown was instru- 
 mental in securing the passage of the Austra- 
 lian ballot and registration laws. 
 
 During the following two years, he was 
 counsel for the Denver Tramway Company, 
 after which he began his thirteen years' legal 
 fight to protect the interests of his father's 
 and mother's estates, which involved the 
 handling of an indebtedness of over $1,500,000. 
 Upon this one matter, he concentrated his 
 time and effort. With limited financial re- 
 sources, the records show that he stubbornly 
 contested this famous case, against many of 
 the leaders of the Colorado bar. His efforts 
 were rewarded by a settlement and full satis- 
 faction of all indebtedness, that is a splendid 
 tribute to his energy and ability, and a last- 
 ing but well deserved testimonial to the 
 honor of his father. 
 
 In 1896 he was chairman of the Colorado 
 delegation to the National Silver Convention 
 at St. Louis. 
 
 For a number of years, he was active in the 
 National Guard, and was frequently in com- 
 mand of troops during labor troubles. These 
 disturbances he handled with tact and firm- 
 ness, that brought about settlements without 
 bloodshed. As president of the Denver 
 Athletic Club, he was active in its early or- 
 ganization, and was instrumental in financing 
 the commodious building and quarters, now 
 owned by the club. He is still one of the 
 republican leaders of the state, and is promi- 
 nent in the councils of his party, but the most 
 of his time is occupied in his legal practice. 
 He has the largest individual law library in 
 the state. 
 
 An accidental injury, just previous to the 
 Spanish War, prevented Mr. Brown from 
 serving in that war with the Colorado troops. 
 
 He is a Knight Templar, Past Potentate 
 of El Jebel Temple Mystic Shrine, a member 
 of American Bar Association, Colorado State 
 Bar Association, and County Bar Association; 
 Sons of the Revolution, Pioneers Society, 
 Denver Athletic and Country Clubs. 
 
 Mr. Brown married Dec. 12, 1884, Mary 
 A., daughter of William Clark, a lawyer and 
 Senator in the N. Y. General Assembly. 
 They have one daughter, Dorothy. 
 
 331 
 
JOSIAH NEWHALL HALL, M.D. 
 
 332 
 
JOSIAH NEWHALL HALL, M. D. 
 
 ALL, JOSIAH NEWHALL, M. D., born 
 in North Chelsea, Massachusetts, Octo- 
 ber 11, 1859, was the son of Stephen A. and 
 Evalina A. (Newhall) Hall. He is descended 
 from the early colonial families, his lineage 
 in the paternal line coming from William 
 Hall, of one of the Puritan counties of Eng- 
 land, who came to this country, in 1652, and 
 settled in Medford, Massachusetts. Dr. J. N. 
 Hall's grandfather, William Hall, born in 
 Medford, Massachusetts, served in the war 
 of 1812. His father, Stephen Augustus Hall 
 (1825-1896), born in North Chelsea, Massa- 
 chusetts, was a farmer, following that occu- 
 pation until 1849, when, allured by the gold 
 excitement in California, he sailed for that 
 region, via Cape Horn. After engaging in 
 mining and prospecting for three years, he 
 returned via Panama, dying in Massachu- 
 setts, at the age of seventy-two. Dr. Hall's 
 mother, Evalina Newhall, born in Lynnfield, 
 Massachusetts, is "descended from a family 
 which settled in that colony in 1640. Her 
 father, General Josiah Newhall, commanded 
 a regiment of Massachusetts troops in the 
 war of 1812, after which he was commis- 
 sioned a brigadier general of Massachusetts 
 militia. While holding that rank, General 
 Newhall commanded the troops at the re- 
 ception of General Lafayette, and at the ded- 
 ication of the Bunker Hill monument. There 
 were three children beside Dr. Hall; Mrs. 
 William B. Brooks of Amherst; Alfred S., 
 who remained at the old homestead, and 
 Mrs. S. S. Harriman. 
 
 Dr. Hall attended the Chelsea high school, 
 and has received the following degrees : B. S., 
 Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1878 ; 
 M. D., Harvard University, 1882. He is a 
 member of the Boylston Society of Harvard, 
 the honorary medical society of the univer- 
 sity. In 1882-1883, he was house physician 
 of the Boston City Hospital. He came to 
 
 Denver in February, 1883, and in June, that 
 year, settled in Sterling, Colorado, where he 
 was engaged in the practice of his profes- 
 sion nine years, and was also mayor of the 
 town in 1889 ; and was also physician for 
 the Union Pacific and Burlington railroads 
 at that place. Removing to Denver in 1892, 
 he has since made this city his residence, 
 and built up a large and lucrative practice. 
 He was a member of the State Board of Med- 
 ical Examiners, 1889-1895, and secretary and 
 president of that body. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the State Board of Health, 1889-1911, 
 of which he was elected secretary and presi- 
 dent, but resigned from the latter board in 
 July, 1911. 
 
 Dr. Hall's specialty is diagnosis. He is a 
 contributor to many medical journals, espe- 
 cially upon diseases relating to the heart and 
 lungs. Dr. Hall wrote the section on Gun- 
 Shot Wounds, Burns and Scalds, in Petter- 
 son & Haines', a text-book of Legal Medi- 
 cine and Toxicology, 1903. He was profes- 
 sor of medicine in the Denver-Gross Med- 
 ical College, and is physician to the Denver 
 City and County, St. Joseph's and St. An- 
 thony's hospitals, and to the Mercy Sanita- 
 rium. 
 
 - Dr. Hall is a member of the following 
 societies: American Medical Association; 
 Medico-Legal Society, New York ; American 
 Therapeutical Society; American Cliniolog- 
 ical Society ; Colorado State Medical Society 
 (president, 1900), and the city and county 
 medical societies of Denver. He has attained 
 a high degree of eminence in the practice 
 of his profession. 
 
 In 1885, at Sterling, Colorado, Dr. Hall 
 married Miss Carrie G. Ayres, a native of 
 Mississippi, and descended from an old and 
 prominent southern family. They have two 
 sons, Sigourney and Oliver. 
 
 333 
 
WARWICK MILLER DOWNING 
 
 334 
 
WARWICK MILLER DOWNING. 
 
 rjOAVNING, WARWICK MILLER, law- 
 yer, born January 14, 1875, in Macomb, 
 Illinois, is the son of James M. (born June 
 5, 1849, died July 12, 1908) and Ella Mar- 
 garet (Summers) Downing. The first Amer- 
 ican ancestor of this family was Thomas 
 Downing, who came from Bradnitch, Eng- 
 land, about 1700, and settled near Downing- 
 ton, Pennsylvania. Other ancestral lines 
 came about the same time. 
 
 His father was engaged in the real estate 
 business. His mother was the daughter of 
 Nathaniel and Margaret (Parsons) Summers. 
 His ancestors, in both the paternal and ma- 
 ternal lines, Richard Downing and Warwick 
 Miller, were patriots and served in the Amer- 
 ican Revolution. 
 
 Warwick M. Downing was graduated 
 from the East Denver High School in 1891, 
 
 and from the Law School of the University 
 of Michigan, in 1895, with the degree of 
 LL. B. He has resided in Macomb, Illinois; 
 Washington, District of Columbia, and 
 Downington, Pennsylvania. He first came 
 to Denver in 1889. 
 
 He has been assistant city attorney of 
 Denver, and also special counsel for the city. 
 He has also served as attorney for the State 
 Land Board, and is now a member of the 
 Denver Park Board, a position which he has 
 held for seven years, having been appointed 
 in 1904. 
 
 Mr. Downing married, October 12, 1897, 
 Emma Aimee, daughter of John E. Leet, who 
 for many years has been connected with the 
 Denver press and engaged in real estate 
 business. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Downing have two children, 
 Richard and Virginia. 
 
 335 
 
JOHN M'EWEN FOSTER, M.D. 
 
 336 
 
JOHN M'EWEN FOSTER, M. D. 
 
 "COSTER, JOHN M'EWEN, M. D., born in 
 Nashville, Tennessee, January 11, 1861, 
 is the son of Turner Saunders (born 1822, 
 died 1898) and Harriett (Erwin) Foster, 
 daughter of James and Margaret (Caldwell) 
 Erwin. The father, Turner S. Foster, was a 
 lawyer, but his son, John McEwen, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, followed the medical pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Dr. Foster attended the Montgomery Bell 
 Academy in Nashville, and the University of 
 Tennessee, Sewanee, Tennessee. He was 
 graduated from the Medical Department of 
 the University of Tennessee in 1891. He re- 
 sided in New Orleans from 1883 to 1885, and 
 first came to Colorado in September, 1889, 
 and, later, after completing his medical 
 course, came to Denver, making this city 
 his permanent residence, where he has been 
 successfully engaged in the practice of his 
 profession, also filling the following posi- 
 
 tions : Professor of otology, University of 
 Colorado ; eye surgeon, St. Luke 's Hospital ; 
 ear and throat surgeon, St. Joseph's Hos- 
 pital; consultant eye and ear, Mercy Hospi- 
 tal, Denver; eye and ear surgeon, Colorado 
 Midland, and Colorado and Southern rail- 
 ways; examiner for eye and ear, Board of 
 Examining Surgeons, United States Pensions, 
 Denver. He is a member of the American 
 Academy, Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngol- 
 ogy; American Laryngological, Rhinological 
 and Otological Societies; American Medical 
 Association, Colorado State Medical Society, 
 and the Medical Society of the City and 
 County of Denver. He limits his practice 
 to ophthalmology, otology and laryngology. 
 He is a member of the Denver Country Club. 
 Dr. Foster married, at Memphis, Tennes- 
 see, December 29, 1885, Miss Bessie, daugh- 
 ter of Captain W. D. Bethel, of that city. 
 They have three children, William Bethel, 
 Pinckney Bethel and John McEwen. 
 
 337 
 
ALFRED CREBBIN 
 
 338 
 
ALFRED CREBBIN. 
 
 /^REBBIN, ALFRED, British diplomatic 
 ^ service, boru in Bradford, England, Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1853, is the fifth son of David 
 John and Barbara Crebbin. His father, born 
 in June, 1812, died April 23, 1875, was prin- 
 cipal of a private school. His mother was 
 the daughter of James and Margaret Long. 
 Alfred Crebbin attended a private school, 
 and also had private tutors. He first en- 
 gaged in business, at Bradford, England, 
 with John Priestman & Company. For two 
 years (1882-1884) he was in the Canadian 
 Northwest, and for two years (1889-1891), 
 he resided in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 
 August, 1892, he came to Colorado, and, 
 
 since July, 1907, he has been the British 
 vice-consul in Denver. Mr. Crebbin is also 
 the American manager for the British In- 
 vestment Companies, which have extensive 
 interests in this country. 
 
 He is a member of the Denver Club, Den- 
 ver Country Club, Denver Athletic Club, 
 Denver Artists' Club, Overseas Club, and the 
 Colorado Scientific Association. 
 
 Mr. Crebbin married, in Denver, June 13, 
 1900, Marie Agnes, daughter of John J. Ken- 
 ney, Liverpool, England. They have three 
 children, Barbara Marie, born in May, 1901 ; 
 Alfred K., born in January, 1903, and Harry, 
 born in January, 1905. 
 
 339 
 
MILTON SMITH 
 
 340 
 
MILTON SMITH. 
 
 OMITH, MILTON, attorney, was born in 
 ^ New Jersey, January 31, 1866. His 
 father was Samuel D. Smith, a merchant of 
 that place, born in 1840, and died 1902. His 
 mother was Hannah A. Bevans Smith. 
 
 Mr. Smith was given the advantage of a 
 splendid education. After leaving the com- 
 mon schools of his native town, he entered 
 the academy at Ellenville, New York, where 
 he prepared for Cornell University. He was 
 graduated from that institution with the 
 degree of Ph. B., in 1887. 
 
 Mr. Smith selected the law as his pro- 
 fession and was admitted to practice two 
 years after leaving college. The same year 
 he started west and arrived at Denver in 
 November, 1889. 
 
 As a young man, Mr. Smith took a keen 
 interest in the politics of state and nation. 
 He enjoyed the friendship of leaders of the 
 democratic party of New York and New 
 Jersey, and it was but natural that upon 
 his arrival in the Centennial State, he should 
 affiliate himself with the party of Jefferson. 
 For the last twenty years Mr. Smith has 
 occupied a commanding position in the de- 
 mocracy of Colorado, serving for most of 
 that time as chairman of the state central 
 committee. 
 
 With him politics was a diversion a 
 game to be played hard for the several 
 months each two years, when he undertook 
 control of his party's interests. But it could 
 never be said of him that his devotion to 
 politics interfered with his progress in his 
 profession. 
 
 The law was always Mr. Smith's first 
 concern and even in the hottest part of the 
 political campaign he was ever the hard 
 student, jealously guarding the interests of 
 his clients, as w r ell as the political fortunes 
 
 of his party's candidates. During a politi- 
 cal campaign, Mr. Smith used to average 
 eighteen hours' work a day. In those months 
 he would keep a force of half a dozen ste- 
 nographers busy from early morning until 
 midnight. Rising before six o'clock, he 
 would be at his office before break of dawn 
 and have much of his private business 
 cleared away before he appeared among the 
 first at democratic state headquarters. 
 
 In preparation for the arduous labors 
 that filled his long hours, Mr. Smith observed 
 the strictest rules of training. He was able 
 to go through with the heavy self-imposed 
 tasks, because he kept himself physically fit. 
 
 After holding the position of state chair- 
 man for twelve years, Mr. Smith felt he 
 could not longer afford to divide time with 
 his constantly growing law practice, and in 
 1908 he relinquished the position of active 
 head of the organization, but his services 
 have been in constant demand and the chair- 
 men succeeding him have sought his counsel 
 on all questions of importance. 
 
 In all the years of his active participa- 
 tion in politics, Mr. Smith has never cared to 
 hold office. The only public position he has 
 ever filled is that of county attorney, an 
 office he has held for the last three years. 
 
 In his private practice, Mr. Smith is coun- 
 sel for the Colorado Telephone Company, the 
 Continental Oil Company, the Aetna Life 
 Insurance Company, and many other large 
 corporations. He is also attorney for and 
 one of the organizers of the Denver Reser- 
 voir and Irrigation Company, an enterprise 
 which will add millions to the wealth of 
 Denver. 
 
 Mr. Smith is a member of the University 
 Club, the Denver Athletic Club, the Colorado 
 Golf Club and the Denver Democratic Club. 
 
 341- 
 
SAMUEL BERESFORD CHILDS, M. D. 
 
 342 
 
SAMUEL BERESFORD CHILDS, M. D. 
 
 S, SAMUEL BERESFORD, M. D., 
 born in East Hartford, Connecticut, 
 November 5, 1861, is the son of Seth Lee 
 (born 1811, died January, 1888) and Juliette 
 (Wood) Childs. Of colonial ancestry, his 
 family was represented on the American 
 side in the days of the Revolution. His 
 father, formerly of Canada, came to Ver- 
 mont, and later removed to Connecticut, 
 where he w r as a prominent physician, prac- 
 tising his profession about fifty years, and 
 he was also state senator. Dr. S. B. Childs' 
 mother was the daughter of the Reverend 
 Luke Wood of Vermont. 
 
 Samuel B. Childs attended the public 
 high school (1875-1879) at Hartford, Con- 
 necticut. He has received the following de- 
 grees: A. B., Yale, 1883, and M. D., New 
 York University Medical School, 1887. Dr. 
 Childs practiced his profession in Hartford 
 from October, 1888, until July, 1905. He 
 came to Denver, in 1906, and resumed his 
 practice in this city. Dr. Childs has made a 
 specialty of the X-ray in his profession, dur- 
 ing the past ten years. He was one of the 
 first to use the X-ray in the treatment of 
 leukaemia. He has written a number of arti- 
 cles for medical societies and journals, on ap- 
 
 plication of the X-ray in diagnosis and treat- 
 ment. Dr. Childs is the Roentgenologist at 
 the St. Luke's, Mercy, City and County and 
 Children's Hospitals, Denver. He was pro- 
 fessor of anatomy of the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Denver, from 1901 
 to 1910, and in 1910 was elected to the same 
 position on the faculty of the University of 
 Colorado. 
 
 Dr. Childs is also interested in outdoor 
 sports and athletics. While at Yale he 
 played on the 'Varsity ball team. He is a 
 member of the University Club, Denver; 
 American Medical Association ; Denver Clin- 
 ical and Pathologilal Society, of which he 
 was president in 1910; Colorado Yale Asso- 
 ciation (president in 1911) ; Denver County 
 and Colorado State Medical Societies. 
 
 Dr. Childs married, first, in September, 
 1890, at West Hebron, New York, Henrietta, 
 daughter of John Willett. She died, Novem- 
 ber 5, 1906. They had two children, Sam- 
 uel Willett, died 1893, and John Wood, born 
 1896. 
 
 He married, second, September 2, 1908 
 at Henderson, Kentucky, Anne, daughter of 
 Edmund Lyne Starling. They have one child, 
 Samuel Beresford, Jr., born in 1910. 
 
 343 
 
-M4 
 
HARRY C. JAMES. 
 
 JAMES, HARRY C. prominent in the min- 
 ing and business interests of the state, 
 president of the United Metals Mining and 
 Milling Company, vice-president of the fam- 
 ous Yak Mining, Milling and Tunnel Com- 
 pany of Leadville, director of the Denver 
 National Bank and also of the Denver Gas 
 and Electric Company and the Portland Ce- 
 ment Company, is a native son of Colorado, 
 having been born at Georgetown, this state, 
 August 15, 1868. 
 
 He is the son of the Hon. William H. 
 James and Margaret A. (Haddock) James. 
 Mr. James' father was born in 1831 at 
 Monmushire, Wales, and died Jan. 5, 1903, 
 at Denver, Colo. 
 
 The James family, father and son, are in- 
 separably connected with the mining history 
 of Colorado, for at the time of Mr. James' 
 birth, his father was actively engaged in 
 operating mines in the famous pioneer min- 
 ing district of Georgetown, and was later a 
 partner and associate of former governor James 
 B. Grant and Edward Eddy in the promotion 
 and operation of the Omaha and Grant Smel- 
 ter, of which Mr. James was manager. 
 
 Mr. Harry C. James is of Welch and Irish 
 extraction, his earliest ancestors to settle in 
 America, were Henry James who came from 
 
 Wales and located in New York in 1813, anp 
 on his mother's side, Thomas Haddock, who 
 came to New York from Ireland in 1812. 
 
 Mr. James was educated at the Denver 
 High School and the University of Michigan, 
 but did not remain long enough at school to 
 graduate, returning to Colorado to assist his 
 father in business and commercial life. 
 
 Mr. James was connected with the 
 Shredded Wheat Company in its early days 
 with Mr. H. D. Perky but soon sold out and 
 returned to his chosen profession, mines and 
 mining; but a man of his capacity for large 
 business enterprises is always sought after to 
 assist in guiding other concerns, as his di- 
 rectorship in some of the largest and most 
 successful corporations of the state demon- 
 strates. 
 
 Mr. James is prominent in the club and 
 society life of the capital city, holding mem- 
 bership in the Denver Club, the Country 
 Club, the Colorado Golf Club and the Oasis 
 Club. He is also a member of the Psi 
 Upsilon fraternity. 
 
 Mr. James married Miss Carrie May 
 Davidson, daughter of Calvin C. Davidson 
 of Denver on June 8, 1892. They have 
 three children, Evalyn, Edna and William H. 
 
 345 
 
THOMAS BEALE STEARNS 
 
 346 
 
THOMAS BEALE STEARNS. 
 
 Q TEARNS, THOMAS BEALE, mining en- 
 ^ gineer, scientist and machinery manufac- 
 turer, was born at Brooklyn, New York, 
 October 3, 1859, son of Joel Wilder Stearns, 
 born 1827, and died 1896, a manufacturing 
 stationer and senior member of the firm of 
 Stearns & Beale, of New York City. His 
 mother was Elizabeth (Beale) Stearns, 
 daughter of John and Maria P. Beale. 
 
 Mr. Stearns is a direct descendant of 
 Thomas Stearns, who came to America from 
 England, and settled at Watertown, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1640. Most of Mr. Stearns' an- 
 cestors were ministers or lawyers, one hav- 
 ing been Archbishop of York. 
 
 Thomas B. Stearns attended the private 
 schools of Brooklyn, afterwards going 
 through Brooklyn Polytechnical School and 
 the School of Mines at Columbia University, 
 from which he was graduated in 1881 with 
 high honors and the degree of E. M. 
 
 In 1882, he came to Colorado, locating 
 in Denver, and engaged in business of min- 
 ing and thereafter in engineering, contract- 
 ing and manufacturing in connection there- 
 with. 
 
 Mr. Sterns has diverse business interests ; 
 he was president of the Colorado National 
 Life Insurance Company ; is vice-president of 
 the Mountain Electric Company, and presi- 
 dent of the Steams-Roger Manufacturing 
 Company, engineers and manufacturers of 
 
 machinery. This latter business occupies 
 most of his attention, as most of its work 
 is in connection with mining, Mr. Stearns 
 having himself designed and superintended 
 the erection of some of the largest treatment 
 plants for ores in the Rocky Mountain re- 
 gion, notably the Portland mill at Colorado 
 Springs, power stations of Denver Electric 
 Company, chlorination concentrating and 
 cyanide plants at Florence and other places. 
 
 Mr. Stearns has never felt that his knowl- 
 edge of mining was complete, new ideas and 
 processes being continually discovered, and 
 he has always extensively studied and in- 
 vestigated the chlorination treatment of ores, 
 the smelting of ores and the mining of ores. 
 
 Aside from his numerous business inter- 
 ests, Mr. Stearns is especially prominent in 
 all social functions and club affairs and is a 
 member of the University Club of New York 
 City, of the American Institute of Mining 
 Engineers and of the American Society of 
 Mechanical Engineers. He is also a member 
 of the Denver Athletic Club, the Denver 
 Country Club and is especially honored by 
 having been the president of both the Den- 
 ver Club and the University Club. 
 
 Mr. Stearns was married at Brooklyn, 
 New York, in January, 1886, to Lillian, 
 daughter of James M. Burt of Brooklyn, 
 New York. They have four children, Burt, 
 Elizabeth, J. Porter and Lillian Stearns. 
 
 347 
 
LESTER BURBANK BRIDAHAM 
 
 348 
 
LESTER BURBANK BRIDAHAM. 
 
 QRIDAHAM, LESTER BURBANK, born 
 *~* in Bedford, Pennsylvania, July 10, 1872, 
 was the son of J. G. (born May, 1831) and 
 Jane (Burbank) Bridaham. Of Dutch origin, 
 his ancestors had resided in Virginia for sev- 
 eral generations, his grandfather serving in 
 the Continental army from that state. The 
 Burbanks, his mother's family, are of Eng- 
 lish descent, and inter-married with May- 
 flower lines. Thus, through both his Virginia 
 and New England ancestry, he has a lineage 
 reaching to prominent colonial families, in 
 the north and south. 
 
 Mr. Bridaham was educated in the public 
 schools, at Cumberland, Maryland, and early 
 in life started out to make his own way in 
 the world. 
 
 He came from Maryland to Colorado, in 
 1887, locating in Denver in 1896, where he 
 formed the Davis-Bridaham Drug Company, 
 which still continues, having grown into a 
 large and prosperous business. Mr. Brida- 
 ham became the vice-president and general 
 manager, the position he still holds, and 
 under his guidance it has become the largest 
 wholesale and jobbing drug house between 
 the Missouri river and the Pacific coast. He 
 has also successfully engaged in other enter- 
 prises, and is vice-president of the Title 
 Guarantee Company of Denver. In the so- 
 cial and philanthropic life of the city he has 
 been prominently identified, and is a director 
 
 of the Associated Charities Society of Den- 
 ver. He is also a director of the Chamber 
 of Commerce, and was active in bringing 
 about those influences, along with others, 
 that resulted in the erection of the fine, new 
 building for that body, and widened its 
 sphere of usefulness. 
 
 Mr. Bridaham was a prime mover in the 
 organization of the Colorado Traffic Club, 
 of which he has been president. As a busi- 
 ness man, he had observed the unfortunate 
 differences and misunderstandings that ex- 
 isted between the railroads and shippers, 
 and saw the necessity of blending the com- 
 mercial interests into more harmonious work 
 and activity. The result of this idea is the 
 Colorado Traffic Club, one of the strongest 
 and most influential in the west. In addi- 
 tion to the organizations mentioned, he is 
 also a member of the Denver Club ; the Den- 
 ver Country Club, of which he has been vice- 
 president ; tKe Denver Athletic Club ; the 
 Mile High Club, Denver ; The Chemical Club 
 of New York; the Denver Credit Men's As- 
 sociation, of which he has been president, 
 and the Colorado Manufacturers' Ass6ci- 
 ation, of which he has been vice-president. 
 
 Mr. Bridaham married, September 1, 
 1898, Miss Alice Gano Beesley, of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. They have one child, Lester Burbank 
 Bridaham, Jr., now twelve years of age. 
 
 349 
 
ELMER ELLSWORTH WHITTED 
 
 35C 
 
ELMER ELLSWORTH WHITTED. 
 
 -TWHITTED, ELMER ELLSWORTH, law- 
 W yer, born April 11, 1861, in Williams- 
 burg, Johnson county, Indiana, is the son 
 of John D. and Susan (Watson) Whitted. 
 He was graduated from De Pauw Univer- 
 sity, Greencastle, Indiana, in 1887, with the 
 degree of A.B. and also received that of 
 A. M. from the same university in 1890. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1890, coming to 
 Denver that year, and since that time has 
 been engaged in the practice of law in that 
 city. Mr. Whitted has rised rapidly in his 
 profession, making a specialty of corporation 
 and railway law, and is now recognized as 
 one of the leading attorneys in Denver and 
 the west. Mr. Whitted has been counsel in 
 some of the most complicated railway liti- 
 gation, in which leading western railroads 
 have been involved. From 1894 until 1898, 
 he was assistant general counsel for the 
 
 Union Pacific and the Denver and Gulf rail- 
 road companies. Since 1899, he has been the 
 general solicitor for the Colorado and South- 
 ern Railway Company, and general counsel 
 for the Colorado Springs and Cripple Creek 
 District Railway Company since 1905. He is 
 now (1911) also attorney for the Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy Railway Company, in 
 Colorado and Wyoming. Mr. Whitted was 
 professor of law at the University of Denver 
 four years (1895-1899). He is a member of 
 the American, Colorado, and Denver Bar 
 Associations, and the Delta Kappa Epsilon 
 fraternity, and also of the following clubs: 
 Denver Club, University Club, Denver, and 
 the Denver Country Club. 
 
 He married in 1904, at Denver, Colorado, 
 Miss Genevieve, daughter of A. M. Ghost of 
 that city. 
 
 351- 
 
JOHN CLARK MITCHELL 
 
 353 
 
JOHN CLARK MITCHELL. 
 
 "V/f ITCHELL, JOHN CLARK, banker, was 
 * * born at Freeport, Illinois, February 29, 
 1860, son of James and Catherine (Clark) 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell's father was born in 1810 
 and died in August, 1874. He was engaged 
 in the banking business and we find his son 
 in 1878, when but eighteen years of age, en- 
 gaged in clerical work in a bank in Free- 
 port, so that his vocation is a natural one, 
 following as he did in his father's footsteps. 
 Previous to this he had received a common 
 school education in the public schools of his 
 native city. He continued in this position 
 for two years and in 1880 he heeded the 
 call of the west and came to Colorado, set- 
 tling in Alamosa, and doing work as a book- 
 keeper for Field & Hill, who were engaged 
 in the general merchandise and freight for- 
 warding business following the construction 
 of the Denver and Rio Grande railroad and 
 were located at Alamosa when Mr. Mitchell 
 joined them. He was employed at this but 
 a short time, as in the same year he again 
 returned to his chosen work and accepted a 
 clerkship with the Bank of San Juan at Ala- 
 mosa. 
 
 Remaining in Alamosa but a year, he went 
 to Durango in 1881 as assistant cashier in 
 the Bank of Durango and continued there 
 
 until 1883, when his marked ability won him 
 recognition and he was appointed assistant 
 cashier of the Carbonate Bank at Leadville 
 and served in that capacity until 1890. 
 
 In 1890, having been connected with 
 banking institutions in Colorado for ten 
 years, he left Leadville and came to Denver 
 and was cashier of the Peoples' Bank for 
 five months. He then was made treasurer 
 of the firm of E. H. Rollins & Sons and con- 
 tinued with them for six months, when his 
 knowledge of the banking business was rec- 
 ognized by his being offered and accepting 
 the honor of being cashier of the Denver Na- 
 tional Bank of Denver, which position he 
 still occupies. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell's vocation is undoubtedly 
 his proper sphere, as he has naturally grown 
 into prominence and public confidence and 
 has the reputation of being one of the best 
 bankers in the west. He is very prominent 
 in club and social life and is a past presi- 
 dent of the Denver Club and a member of the 
 Denver Country Club. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell was married in 1886, at 
 Leadville to Clara Matteson Goodell, eighth 
 in descent from Captain Joseph Sill, 1836- 
 1896, and daughter of R. C. Goodell of Lead- 
 ville. They have two children : .Clark G. and 
 Clara S. Mitchell. 
 
 353 
 
I 
 
 WILLIAM THORNBURG RAVENSCROFT 
 
 354 
 
WILLIAM THORNBURG RAVENSCROFT. 
 
 TJ AVENSCROFT, WILLIAM THORN- 
 rVb BURG, banker, born January 9, 1869, 
 in Kingwood, West Virginia, is a son of 
 William H. (M. D.) and Julia (Brown) 
 Ravenscroft. His father, Dr. William H. 
 Ravenscroft, born in 1837, prominent in his 
 profession, died 1911 in Denver, Colorado. 
 His mother, Julia, was the daughter of John 
 Cannon and Martha (Batchelder) Brown. 
 John Ravenscroft, his great-grandfather, 
 came from England and settled in Virginia, 
 Mr. Ravenscroft being connected with some 
 of the old and prominent families of that 
 state. 
 
 He was educated in Maryland, and first 
 entered upon his career as a banker with 
 the First National Bank of Fairmont, West 
 Virginia, holding the position of assistant 
 cashier of this bank from 1890 until 1895. 
 His integrity and business qualifications 
 brought him further advancement, and he 
 was made cashier of the Home Savings Bank, 
 Fairmont, West Virginia, which institution 
 he was instrumental in organizing, and cred- 
 itably occupied that place from 1895 until 
 1901. 
 
 In October, 1901, he came to Colorado, be- 
 lieving that the west afforded opportunities 
 for investment and business. His experience 
 as a banker at once found for him the oppor- 
 
 tunity he desired in Denver. He was asso- 
 ciated with Colonel William E. Hughes in the 
 organization of the Continental Trust Com- 
 pany in 1902, and for five years was secre- 
 tary and treasurer of that company. 
 
 In 1907, he severed his connection with 
 that institution and organized the Federal 
 State and Savings Bank, becoming its presi- 
 dent. In 1911, the Federal State and Savings 
 Bank was converted into the Federal Na- 
 tional Bank, of which institution Mr. Ravens- 
 croft is now the head, and under his able 
 management this bank is already one of the 
 leading financial institutions of the city and 
 state. Mr. Ravenscroft has been engaged 
 in banking for about twenty-five years, dur- 
 ing which time he has been eminently suc- 
 cessful and has won the confidence and 
 esteem of the business and banking world 
 and public in general. From 1908 until 1911, 
 he was prominent as a member of the exec- 
 utive committee of the American Bankers' 
 Association. 
 
 He married in 1891, at Rockford, Illinois, 
 Miss Una C., daughter of Calvin L. and 
 Charlotte C. Robinson, of Pasadena, Cali- 
 fornia. They have two children, Lucille S. 
 and Kent Ravenscroft, and the family is 
 prominent in social circles of Denver. 
 
 355 
 
WILLIAM HENRY LEONARD 
 
 356 
 
WILLIAM HENRY LEONARD. 
 
 LEONARD, WILLIAM HENRY, mining 
 and manufacturing, born in New York 
 City, March 29, 1873, is the son of Robert 
 -W. and Mary C. (Barnes) Leonard, who still 
 reside in that city. His father is one of the 
 few survivors of the famous Seventh New 
 York Regiment. At the close of the civil 
 war, in which he won distinction and made 
 a gallant record, the father retired from the 
 service, with the rank of lieutenant colonel 
 Later, he was active in the New York state 
 military, serving as colonel of the Twelfth 
 Regiment of the National Guard of that 
 state. As a colonel of volunteers in the 
 Philippines, he again saw active service, add- 
 ing still further to an already splendid mili- 
 tary record. 
 
 Mr. Leonard, the son, was educated at 
 Saint Mark's School, Southborough, Massa- 
 chusetts, and, for a time, was a student at 
 
 Columbia College. In 1891, at Colorado 
 Springs and Cripple Creek, during the boom, 
 he was engaged in mining. Coming to Den- 
 ver in 1906, was connected with the establish- 
 ing of the Denver Rock Drill Company, and 
 became manager of the same. An extensive 
 business is conducted, with offices in Denver. 
 San Francisco, El Paso, Salt Lake, and, also 
 in South Africa and Australia. The company 
 manufactures the Waugh Drill, at their Den- 
 ver plant, in which one hundred and twenty- 
 five men are employed. These drills, which 
 are now a standard in the market, are 
 shipped to mining companies all over the 
 world. 
 
 Mr. Leonard is not married. He is a 
 member of the Masonic order, and of the 
 following clubs: The Denver and Country 
 Clubs, Denver ; El Paso, Cheyenne Mountain 
 Country Clubs, Colorado Springs, and the 
 Union Club, New York City. 
 
 357 
 
JOHN WALLACE SPRINGER 
 
 JOHN WALLACE SPRINGER. 
 
 OPBINGBK, JOHN WALLACE, banker, 
 ^ son of John Thomas and Sarah (Hender- 
 son) Springer, was born in Jacksonville, 
 Illinois, July 16, 1859. His father was 
 a prominent attorney and banker. Mr. 
 Springer is a nephew of the late William M. 
 Springer of Illinois, for twenty years a mem- 
 ber of the house of representatives in the 
 
 national congress, and afterwards judge of 
 the United States Court of Appeals at 
 Washington, District of Columbia. His 
 mother, descended from a prominent Ken- 
 tucky family, was a lady of rare culture and 
 gracious mien. 
 
 The Springer family was prominent in 
 the colonial history of this country, and the 
 
 -358 
 
line of descent extends back to Alfred the 
 Great, Henry the Fowler, Otho the Illus- 
 trious, the Czar and Grand Grand Duchess of 
 Russia, to Louis Second, the Springer, Ger- 
 many, 1089, the origin of the name Springer. 
 The family tree also extends back to Charle- 
 magne in 742, and to old Pharamond, in the 
 year 420 A. D. The origin of the name 
 Springer dates from Louis the Second, Ger- 
 many, A. D. 1089, who was military officer 
 under the emperor, Henry IV. Having 
 caused some slight offense to his superior 
 officer, Louis was imprisoned in the battle- 
 ments of the old Castle of Giebickenstein, 
 near Hale, one hundred feet above the river 
 Saale, but owing to his popularity and the 
 fact that he was innocent of any serious 
 crime, no effort was made to bring him to 
 trial. He made his escape after two years 
 of imprisonment, by a leap or spring from 
 the castle, and on being taken before the 
 emperor, was pardoned by the latter, for his 
 courage, and given by him, the name of 
 Springer, which he retained. He was born 
 in 1042, built Wartburg Castle, and died 
 1128. Further down in the ancestral line 
 are reached Charles Christopher Springer 
 (1658-1738) and his half-brother, Lorentz 
 (Lawrence) (1646-1741). The old Swedes 
 Church, Wilmington, Delaware, erected by 
 Charles Christopher Springer, in 1698, is still 
 standing. 
 
 John W. Springer, of this family, and 
 the subject of this sketch, obtained his early 
 education in the public schools of his native 
 town, later attending Asbury College (now 
 De Pauw University), from which he was 
 graduated in 1878, with the degree of A. B. 
 During his college career, he developed those 
 oratorical powers that have since made him 
 distinguished as a public speaker. He was 
 a resourceful debater, and was given the 
 honor of delivering the graduating address 
 of his class, his subject being ''Statesman- 
 ship," which he handled in a graceful and 
 eloquent manner. After leaving college, he 
 made an extended European tour, and re- 
 turning home, studied law, a profession in 
 which his father who was a war democrat 
 member of the legislature, later supporting 
 President Lincoln, had been eminent. 
 
 John "W. Springer, in 1880, was admitted 
 to the bar by the supreme court of the State 
 of Illinois, and opening an office in Jackson- 
 ville, that state, was there engaged in the 
 practice of the law about ten years. In the 
 fiftieth congress, he was clerk of the com- 
 mittee on territories in the house, and thus 
 Hence he is known as one of the ablest pre- 
 siding officers in the country. In 1891, Mr. 
 Springer w^is a member of the house of rep- 
 
 resentatives of the Illinois legislature, and 
 during 1891-1896, he practiced law and en- 
 gaged in banking at Dallas, Texas. In the 
 latter year, he removed to Denver and took 
 a prominent part in the local and national 
 campaigns. He was opposed to the silver 
 issue, as then raised, and left the democratic 
 party, supporting McKinley for president. 
 He at once became a leader in the business, 
 political and social life of Denver and Colo- 
 rado. He was one of the owners of the Cap- 
 itol National Bank of Denver, and its vice- 
 president, in 1902. He was one of the organ- 
 izers of the Federal State and Savings Bank 
 in Denver. 
 
 He is now (1911) president of the Conti- 
 nental Building Company, and the Conti- 
 nental Trust Company (since 1909) ; secre- 
 tary and treasurer of the Continental Land 
 and Cattle Company; president of the Na- 
 tional Live Stock Association, 1898-1905 ; and 
 president of the Colorado Cattle and Horse 
 Growers' Association since 1907. He has 
 served as a director and vice-president of 
 the Denver Chamber of Commerce. Mr. 
 Springer has also been a member of the 
 National Wool Growers' Association, and the 
 Cattle Raisers' Association of Texas. In an 
 educational line, he has been a trustee of the 
 University of Denver. In 1904, he was the 
 republican nominee for mayor of Denver, 
 and it is claimed that he was counted out 
 through frauds at the polls, although fairly 
 elected to that office. The republican state 
 convention of Colorado, in 1904, heartily en- 
 dorsed Mr. Springer for the position of vice- 
 president of the United States on the national 
 republican ticket. 
 
 Mr. Springer is aggressive, and a man of 
 great force of character and ability, and is 
 a prominent figure in all republican con- 
 ventions, and all large gatherings of non- 
 political nature. As a presiding officer and 
 as a public speaker, he has no superior in 
 the state. 
 
 Mr. Springer owns and operates a 12,000- 
 acre ranch near Denver, where he also main- 
 tains a beautiful suburban home. In equip- 
 ment, furnishings, and general management, 
 it is one of the finest and most ideal spots 
 in Colorado, and in the management of it 
 he finds his chief recreation. He is a mem- 
 ber of the University Club, Denver Country 
 Club, Overland Country Club, Stockman's 
 Club, Gentlemen's Driving and Riding Club, 
 Pan-Hellenic Club, Denver Motor Club, Real 
 Estate Exchange and Denver Bar Associ- 
 ation. Mr. Springer has one daughter, now 
 living in St. Louis, born of his marriage with 
 Eliza Clifton (died 1904), daughter of Colo- 
 nel William E. Hughes of Dallas, Texas. 
 
 359 
 
JAMES HERBERT WILKINS 
 
 JAMES HERBERT WILKINS. 
 
 TWILKINS, JAMES HERBERT, son of 
 Charles and Marianne (Buncher) Wil- 
 kins, was born October 10, 1864, in Lowell, 
 Massachusetts. His father, descendant of 
 the notable AVilkins family of New England, 
 
 was born in 1824, died 1896, and was one 
 of the leading merchants of Omaha, Ne- 
 braska. He was the son of Zaddock and 
 xthoda Wilkins. Zaddock, a captain in the 
 American army, was commandant of Fort 
 
 360 
 
Warren, Boston harbor, in the War of 1812, 
 and lived to an advanced age, dying May 
 10, 1864, in his eightieth year. His wife 
 Rhoda passed away June 2, 1874, eighty- 
 seven years of age. The family is one of 
 great longevity. His great grand-parents, 
 Timothy and Mary Wilkins, died respec- 
 tively, February 5, 1820, and January 28, 
 1820 he eighty-eight years of age and she 
 eighty-three. On the maternal side Mr. Wil- 
 kins is also descended from a noted ances- 
 try. His mother, Marianne, was one of thir- 
 teen children born to James and Maria 
 Buncher. James Buncher spent the latter 
 days of his life in Durhamville, New York, 
 and enjoyed a well deserved celebrity as a 
 portrait and landscape artist, and was su- 
 perintendent of engravers. Through the 
 Bunchers, Mr. Wilkins is related to some of 
 the most aristocratic families in England. 
 His great grandfather, General Leche, 
 ranked high, and was distinguished in the 
 military service of Great Britain. He mar- 
 ried Marie Latone, whose family was con- 
 nected with the proud aristocracy of the 
 English gentry, but consented to give their 
 beautiful daughter in marriage to so dis- 
 tinguished a soldier as General Leche. She 
 was hardly seventeen years of age when she 
 became the bride of the English general, and 
 accompanied her husband to Ireland, where 
 he was dispatched in command of troops. 
 Maria, born in Ireland and afterward mar- 
 ried to James Buncher, was the daughter of 
 General and Maria (Latone) Leche. She 
 grew up a very beautiful girl, and traveled 
 extensively with her parents, who at one 
 time took her to Portugal, where they re- 
 sided several months in the "palace." She 
 was the "daughter of the regiment," and 
 for many years preserved the crimson silk 
 velvet riding habit with its silver canteen 
 and chain she wore Avhile filling that honor- 
 able position. When sixteen years of age, 
 she met James Buncher, of a fine old English 
 family, and after a brief courtship became 
 his wife. After the death of his wife, Gen- 
 eral Leche was ordered to Canada with 
 troops, where he died. Marianne, daughter 
 of James and Maria Buncher, and mother 
 of Mr. Wilkins, was born at Micham Surry, 
 and afterward removed to Merton, a sub- 
 urb, eight miles from London. The Buncher 
 was an ancient family, formerly known as 
 
 Bounchier, the motto for the coat of arms 
 being "Semper Cristo." 
 
 James H. Wilkins was educated in the 
 public schools at Omaha. In 1883, he came 
 to Denver, and in that year entered the em- 
 ploy of the motive power department of the 
 Union Pacific, remaining in their service un- 
 til 1889. From that time Mr. Wilkins be- 
 came interested in real estate and banking, 
 in which he has been successful and prosper- 
 ous. By judicious investments in real estate 
 the latter greatly increased in value. In 
 1900, he formed a co-partnership with Edgar 
 C. Cornish, the firm being known as the 
 Wilkins & Cornish Realty Company. In the 
 meantime, he had also become cashier for 
 Charles Hallowell, investment banker, which 
 position he held from 1889 to 1894. From 
 the latter year until 1900 he was cashier for 
 Joralmon & Company, investment bankers. 
 He was vice-president and treasurer of the 
 Wilkins & Cornish Realtv Company from 
 1900 until 1909. 
 
 Mr. Wilkins' knowledge and experience 
 in Denver real estate and banking, together 
 with his large acquaintance, led to his con- 
 nection with the Continental Trust Company, 
 one of the largest financial institutions in 
 the city, and of which he is vice-president 
 and manager of the real estate and loan de- 
 partment. This position he ably fills, fully 
 meeting the requirements of one familiar 
 with the city's growth and development, 
 with an accurate knowledge as to realty 
 values. He has resided in Omaha, Fremont, 
 and Grand Island, Nebraska, first coming to 
 Denver in August, 1883. 
 
 Mr. Wilkins is a member of the Colorado 
 Golf Club, Overland Country Club, Denver 
 Athletic Club, Traffic Club, Denver; Denver 
 Motor Club, B. P. 0. Elks, Knights of Pyth- 
 ias and Ancient Order of United Workmen. 
 
 Mr. Wilkins married in Denver, October 
 3, 1888, Miss Lily Agnes, daughter of 
 Thomas J. White of that city. Mr. White, 
 formerly of Kentucky, and a prosperous 
 merchant in Cincinnati, is of Scotch ances- 
 try. Through her line, Mrs. Wilkins is con- 
 nected with some of the most historic fam- 
 ilies of that country, and through the ancient 
 clans to the royal houses of Scotland. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Wilkins and their family are prom- 
 inent in the social life of the city. They 
 have two children, Helen M. and James H. 
 Wilkins. 
 
 -361 
 
ROBERT WALTER SPEER 
 
 362 
 
ROBERT WALTER SPEER. 
 
 OPEER, ROBERT WALTER, Mayor of 
 ^ Denver, born in Huntingdon county, 
 Pennsylvania, December 1, 1855, was the 
 son of George W. and Jane Ann (Brewster) 
 Speer. His father was an officer in the Union 
 army and made a gallant record during the 
 Civil War. 
 
 Robert W. Speer was educated in the 
 public schools and at Dickinson Seminary, 
 Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Owing to poor 
 health he came to Colorado when twenty- 
 two years of age. After spending two years 
 in the cattle business on the Colorado stock 
 ranges, he made Denver his permanent resi- 
 dence. He entered the employ of Daniels 
 & Fisher's dry goods store, clerking in the 
 carpet department at $8 a week, and later 
 engaged in the real estate business. Early 
 in his Denver career he became prominent 
 in city and state politics as one of the lead- 
 ers of the Democratic party. In 1880 he 
 was elected city clerk on the Democratic 
 ticket, the only nominee of his party who 
 was successful in that campaign. The Re- 
 publican incumbent, refusing to turn the of- 
 fusing to turn the office over to him, Mr. 
 Speer with two of his friends, bodily ejected 
 him, and breaking open the safe, took charge. 
 The old clerk carried the matter into the 
 courts for re-instatement, but in the mean- 
 time Mr. Speer had not been idle. He had 
 been quietly making investigations and dis- 
 covered what he considered irregularities at 
 the city hall. The contest was dropped and 
 Mr. Speer filled out his term as city clerk. 
 He was postmaster under Mr. Cleveland, 
 serving the term of 1885-1889 ; was presi- 
 dent of the Denver fire and police board, 
 1891-1893, and also 1897-1899 ; and was presi- 
 dent of the board of public works, Denver, 
 1901-1904. He has been mayor of Denver 
 since June, 1904, his present term not ex- 
 piring until 1912. 
 
 During the several years that Mr. Speer 
 was city clerk and president of both the 
 fire and police board and the board of pub- 
 lic works, he became thoroughly familiar 
 with municipal affairs, from the smallest de- 
 tails to the broader and higher field of execu- 
 tive work in city government. He started 
 out with the idea of building up a "Greater 
 Denver, ' ' and making it a beautiful city. In 
 this he has been eminently successful. New 
 parks have been secured and these, with the 
 old ones, have been made attractive for both 
 old and young, including play grounds for 
 the children. During his administration the 
 
 auditorium, the new library building, the 
 museum at the City park, the public bath- 
 ing house and other public buildings, to- 
 gether with the "Welcome" arch, have been 
 erected, and viaducts constructed. He has 
 also made Denver a "City of Lights." 
 Streets have been graded and paved, curb- 
 ings constructed, boulevards and driveways 
 established. Unsightly and undesirable 
 places within the city limits have been util- 
 ized and beautified. One of the best illus- 
 trations of this phase of the work may be 
 seen in the improvements along Cherry 
 Creek, with its boulevard, parking and 
 lawns. Wliat was once one of the ugliest 
 spots in the city is now being utilized and 
 beautified. The civic center has been 
 planned, and the opening of Broadway, 
 which, with the present and contemplated 
 improvements, will make Denver one of the 
 most beautiful cities on the continent. 
 Mayor Speer has recently returned from 
 Europe, where he spent several months in- 
 vestigating both the details of municipal 
 government in foreign countries and the 
 methods utilized to make cities attractive 
 and artistic. Mayor Speer also believes in 
 a clean city, not only as conducive to health 
 but the aesthetic as well. In all these mat- 
 ters the fame of Denver has gone abroad, 
 and daily inquiries are received from other 
 American cities, as well as from foreign 
 countries, as to methods and plans used in 
 Denver. One of the most popular acts of 
 Mayor Speer 's entire administration is the 
 Sunday free concerts at the Auditorium, both 
 afternoon and evening, which are conducted 
 during the winter months and are attended 
 by at least 20,000 people each Sunday. 
 
 At the last session of the Colorado Legis- 
 lature, in which the Democrats had a good 
 working majority, Mayor Speer led in the 
 race for United States Senator. He was 
 willing to go into a caucus and abide the re- 
 sult, which his opponents refused to do. His 
 friends then remained firm to the last, and 
 the Legislature adjourned without electing a 
 United States Senator, to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the lamented death of the Hon- 
 orable Charles J. Hughes, Jr. 
 
 Mayor Speer is a member of the follow- 
 ing clubs and societies: Chamber of Com- 
 merce, Real Estate Exchange, Colorado Traf- 
 fic Club and Denver Country Club. 
 
 He married, in 1882, Miss Kate A. Thrush 
 of Lewiston, Pennsylvania, a lady of cul- 
 ture and esteemed for her many virtues. 
 
 -363 
 
GUSTAVE CHARLES BARTELS 
 
 364 
 
GUSTAVE CHARLES BARTELS. 
 
 p> ARTELS, GUSTAVE CHARLES, lawyer, 
 ^ born January 22, 1858, in Bellevue, 
 Nebraska, is the son of Louis F. and Caro- 
 line H. (Dieteriehs) Bartels. His father, 
 Louis F., born in Germany, 1826, died 
 August 27, 1874, was a Colorado pioneer, 
 a prosperous merchant of Denver in the early 
 days, and was a member of the Colorado 
 territorial legislature, in the Fifth General 
 Assembly. 
 
 Gustave C. Bartels, his eldest son, who 
 came to Colorado in 1862, attended the pub- 
 lic schools in Denver, and then for four years 
 was a student at Washington University, St. 
 Louis. He was graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan with the degree of LL. B., 
 in 1879, beginning the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Denver the same year. In 1880, 
 he formed a partnership with James H. 
 Blood (q. v.) a class-mate at the University 
 of Michigan, the firm being known for many 
 
 years as Bartels & Blood, but more recently 
 as Bartels, Blood & Bancroft. The firm under 
 the old as well as the new name, is recog- 
 nized as one of the ablest in Denver and the 
 west. Mr. Bartels was corporation counsel 
 of the city of Denver during the adminis- 
 tration of Mayor William Scott Lee. He has 
 always been a republican in politics, and in- 
 fluential as a leader in his party. In 1900, 
 he was the republican nominee for the Colo- 
 rado supreme court, when the state went 
 heavily democratic, and his opponent, the 
 late Robert W. Steele, was elected. He was 
 president of the Denver Bar Association in 
 1895. 
 
 Mr. Bartels is a member of the Denver 
 Club and University Club, Denver; and the 
 Denver Country Club. 
 
 He married Miss Emma R. Godfrey in 
 Denver, April 30, 1883. They have one son, 
 Earl G., a lawyer. 
 
 365- 
 
HENRY M. PORTER 
 
 366 
 
HENRY M. PORTER. 
 
 DORTER, HENRY M., capitalist, born in 
 * Lancaster, Pa., Nov. 2, 1840, is the 
 son of John B. and Harriet H. (Kurtz) Por- 
 ter. His father, born in Philadelphia, was of 
 Scotch-Irish ancestry, and his mother, of 
 German descent. Early in life, John B. Por- 
 ter was a boot and shoe merchant in Phila- 
 delphia, and later was engaged for several 
 years in the same business in Pittsburgh. In 
 1840 he removed with his family to Jefferson 
 City, Mo., where he resided six years; then" 
 lived eight years on a farm twelve miles south- 
 west of Jefferson City, and thence to a farm 
 near Kirks ville, Adair county, Mo., where he 
 died in 1893. 
 
 Henry M. Porter worked on a farm and 
 attended school until eighteen years of age 
 when he entered the employ of the Missouri 
 Telegraph Company, then constructing a line 
 up the Missouri River from St. Louis to 
 Omaha, and thence to Julesburg, Colorado. 
 Owing to his skill and experience in this kind 
 of work, the authorities at Washington of- 
 fered him a position with important and re- 
 sponsible duties during the civil war. En- 
 gaged in the military service in 1861, he con- 
 structed the government lines from St. Louis 
 to Fort Smith, Ark., and down the river to 
 Pilot Knob, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid. 
 Gen. Pope was thus enabled to keep in com- 
 munication with headquarters at St. Louis in 
 his campaign against Gen. Pillow, that re- 
 sulted in forcing the latter out of the coun- 
 try, causing the evacuation of Island No. 
 10 in the Mississippi river. During the con- 
 struction of this line, Mr. Porter was cap- 
 tured by Gen. Jeff Thompson in southwest 
 Mo. and taken into the swamps of that re- 
 gion. Here he remained sometime as a 
 prisoner, was then released and returning to 
 his military work, resumed the construction 
 of the line, which he completed as was orig- 
 inally planned. In 1862, Mr. Porter removed 
 to Denver, and entered upon that success- 
 ful business career in Colorado, New Mexico, 
 and the Rocky Mountain region, that both 
 by investment and development, has made 
 him the leader in many enterprises, and one 
 of the builders of the west. Through him 
 there was established in Denver the whole- 
 sale grocery house of Stebbins & Porter. He 
 was later actively engaged in an extensive 
 forwarding and commission business, es- 
 tablishing banking houses in Atchison, Kan- 
 
 sas, and Kirksville, Mo.; mercantile and 
 banking houses in Santa Fe, Elizabethtown, 
 Cimarron, Silver City, and Springer, N. M., 
 and Del Norte, Colorado. From 1871 until 
 1882, Mr. Porter resided in Cimarron, N. M. 
 during the period he was extending and devel- 
 oping these great enterprises in the south- 
 west. He was president of the United States 
 and Mexico Telegraph Company organized 
 in Denver in 1867, and in 1868, constructed a 
 line from this city to Santa Fe with William 
 N. Byers as superintendent in charge during 
 the building of the same. This company also 
 constructed for the Denver & Pacific Rail- 
 way Company, of which Mr. Porter was also 
 an original promoter, a telegraph line from 
 Denver to Cheyenne. 
 
 In 1882, Mr. Porter returned to Denver, 
 which he has since made his permanent resi- 
 dence, and at once became prominently 
 identified with the leading business of the 
 city, and interested in many of the commer- 
 cial and other enterprises that built up and 
 made Denver the metropolis of the Rocky 
 Mountain region. He became interested in 
 the Denver National Bank, the American 
 Water Works Company, the Denver Con- 
 solidated Gas Company, the Denver Con- 
 solidated Electric Company, the Colorado 
 Fuel & Iron Company, the Denver Steam 
 Heating Company, the Colorado Packing 
 Company, the Denver Union Stock Yards 
 Company, the Denver Steel Works Company, 
 the James Paving Company, and the Denver 
 Paper Mills. Mr. Porter also made large 
 investments in the cattle and grazing in- 
 dustry, having extensive interests in the Red 
 River, the Pawnee, the Cimarron, the Texas, 
 the Urak, and Gila Cattle Companies. He 
 has always shown keen and business fore- 
 sight in the development of Denver, Colorado 
 and the west, believing that the great re- 
 sources of this region warranted heavy real 
 estate investments. He has been especially 
 interested in buying and developing on Fif- 
 teenth street, as well as other parts of the 
 city, and his real estate holdings in Denver 
 are extensive. 
 
 Mr. Porter married in 1874, Miss Laura 
 W, daughter of John W. and Elizabeth 
 Smith of Denver. They have five children: 
 Dora G., John H., William E., Laurine, and 
 Ruth. 
 
 367- 
 
WILLIAM NEWTON BYERS. 
 
 YERS, WILLIAM NEWTON, journalist, 
 son of Moses Watson and Mary Ann 
 (Brandenburg) Byers, was born in Madison 
 county, Ohio, February 22, 1831, and died 
 in Denver, Colorado, on March 25, 1903. 
 His ancestors were influential families in the 
 colonial era. His great grandfather, An- 
 drew Byers, and his grandfather, James By- 
 esrs, and two of the latter 's brothers, were 
 
 on the Darby plains. Removing to Musca- 
 tine, Iowa, he again engaged in farming, 
 and died there in 1866. His wife, who was 
 Mary Ann Brandenburg, of an old German 
 family, in the Miami valley of Ohio, died in 
 Iowa in 1884. 
 
 William N. Byers was educated in the 
 public schools, which he attended during the 
 winter months, working on the farm in sum- 
 
 WILLIAM NEWTON BYERS 
 
 soldiers in the patriotic army of the Amer- 
 ican Revolution. He is descended from a 
 Scotch family that, through persecution, was 
 driven to Ireland, there participating in the 
 siege of Londonderry. Later they immi- 
 grated to the American colonies and settled 
 in Pennsylvania. His father, Moses Wat- 
 son Byers, born in Washington county, Penn- 
 sylvania, removed to Madison county, Ohio, 
 where he cleared and farmed about 300 acres 
 
 mer. In 1848-49 he was a student at the 
 academy, West Jefferson, Ohio. In 1851 he 
 began his work as a surveyor, starting as a 
 chainman and compassman in the employ of 
 the government, then making extensive sur- 
 veys in Western Iowa. He later ran the 
 section lines of a considerable part of this 
 survey, until 1852, when he went to the Pa- 
 cific Coast. He was employed as a United 
 States surveyor in Oregon, and what is now 
 
 368 
 
the State of Washington, and in the winter 
 of 1853-54 was engaged in the mining camps 
 of California, returning to the states via the 
 Isthmus of Panama. He followed railroad 
 surveying for a short time, making his home 
 in Omaha in 1854. He there became county 
 surveyor, then the first deputy United States 
 surveyor for Nebraska, running the section 
 and township lines in the eastern part of the 
 territory. In 1854-55 Mr. Byers was elected 
 an alderman in Omaha, and was also a mem- 
 ber of the first territorial legislature of Ne- 
 braska, and was a prominent figure during 
 political discussion and agitation of the Kan- 
 sas-Nebraska bill. He came to Denver in the 
 spring of 1859, bringing by wagon, the 
 equipment for a newspaper, and printed the 
 first issue of the Rocky Mountain News April 
 23, 1859. This was Colorado's first newspa- 
 per, of which Mr. Byers was editor and man- 
 ager for nineteen years. Mr. Byers was one 
 of the most historic figures in the upbuilding 
 of Colorado, not only as a journalist, but in 
 the promotion and advancement of many 
 enterprises. In the political, industrial, ed- 
 ucational, and, in fact, in every feature of 
 life, that moulded and encouraged western 
 spirit, activity, and development, Mr. Byers 
 stood out pre-eminent. During his life he 
 was a living encyclopaedia of Colorado life 
 and events. While he never claimed to be a 
 specialist, yet for general and all-round in- 
 formation on all topics and questions relat- 
 ing to the west, its history, principal events, 
 noted men, science in the popular form, and 
 the varied industries, Mr. Byers was the peer 
 of them all. He visited the rich "strikes" 
 made in the mines by Jackson and Gregory, 
 and others that followed, and through his 
 newspaper made known the rapid develop- 
 ment of the mining industry. With agricul- 
 ture, the stock industry, railroad building, 
 and every feature of western development, 
 Mr. Byers kept in close touch from its early 
 history to its later achievements. On all that 
 pertained to the west, he was in his day, the 
 best informed man in Colorado. He was a 
 man of courage, and as editor of the News, 
 faced mob threats and violence in his tight 
 for law and order in the pioneer days. He 
 was one of the organizers of the company 
 that built the first telegraph line in this 
 state, extending from Denver to Santa Fe, 
 this branch being constructed under his per- 
 sonal supervision. 
 
 Through the influence of his newspaper, 
 Mr. Byers added many thousands of immi- 
 grants to the population of the state. He 
 was interested in the promoting and build- 
 ing of the Denver & South Park, Denver Pa- 
 
 cific, Utah & Pacific, Denver & Rio Grande, 
 and all the early railroads of this region. 
 In 1893-94 he was president of the Denver 
 Chamber of Commerce. He was prominently 
 associated with the promoters and builders 
 of the present Denver Tramway system, of 
 which he was vice-president for many years. 
 In politics, Mr. Byers was a Republican, al- 
 ways a leading factor in the councils of his 
 party, and one of the most influential in 
 securing the admission of Colorado as a 
 state. In June, 1859, he was chairman of a 
 convention called to secure a state organiza- 
 tion; was a member, in 1864, of the conven- 
 tion that framed the first state constitution, 
 under the enabling act of congress, but 
 vetoed by President Johnson; was ap- 
 pointed Denver postmaster in 1864, resigning 
 in 1867 ; was again postmaster at Denver 
 during the Hayes administration, 1879-1883 ; 
 was president of the Festival of Mountain 
 and Plain. In every position held, Mr. By- 
 ers filled it with marked ability. He was 
 for several years president of the State His- 
 torical and Natural History Society of Colo- 
 rado, also filling that position with the Colo- 
 rado Pioneer Society. He stood high in the 
 Masonic fraternity. The name of Mr. Byers 
 was frequently suggested for the guberna- 
 torial nomination, but he never aspired for 
 holding that office. 
 
 Mr. Byers married in Muscatine, Iowa, 
 November 16, 1854, Elizabeth Minerva Sum- 
 ner, granddaughter of Governor Lucas, twice 
 governor of Ohio, and later twice governor 
 of Iowa, appointive and elective. The Sum- 
 ners came from an old and noted colonial 
 families of Virginia. Mrs. Byers from the 
 pioneer days to the present time has been 
 prominent in the social, church, educational 
 and patriotic life and work of Denver. 
 Sulphur Springs, and Mary Byers, wife of 
 
 In 1864, Mr. Byers located mineral 
 springs, known as the Warm or Hot Sulphur 
 Springs, in Grand county, Colorado, under 
 Sioux (Indian) script. He obtained a con- 
 tract from the government to survey one 
 complete township in that section, and thus 
 was enabled to establish his own lines for 
 the springs, which he accomplished in 1867. 
 It was then the home of the Ute Indians. 
 In 1901 Mr. Byers published his History of 
 Colorado, replete with interesting details. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Byers were born two 
 children : Frank S. Byers, who continued to 
 reside on the large stock ranch, near Hot 
 Sulphur Springs, and Mary Byers, wife of 
 William F. Robinson, president of the W. 
 F. Robinson Printing Company of Denver. 
 
 -369 
 
JUDGE GEORGE GIFFORD SYMES 
 
 370 
 
JUDGE GEORGE GIFFORD SYMES. 
 
 CYMES, JUDGE GEORGE GIFFORD, 
 ^ soldier, statesman and jurist, was born 
 at Bloomfield, Ohio, April 28, 1840, and died 
 November 3, 1893. He was the son of Wil- 
 liam and Mary (Gifford) Symes, his father 
 coming to this country in 1836. In 1852, 
 the family removed to Wisconsin, and he 
 received his early education in the country 
 district schools. In 1860, he entered the 
 law offices of Senator Angus Cameron and 
 was appointed United States district judge 
 of Montana by President Grant in 1869. 
 
 Judge Symes came to Colorado in 1874, 
 and started in the practice of law. From 
 the first he was most successful. At the 
 republican state convention of 1884, Judge 
 Symes was nominated for representative in 
 congress and the unexpected large majority 
 received by him was ample proof of the 
 esteem in which he was held by the voters. 
 He was again renominated for congress in 
 1886. He believed in all of the doctrines of 
 protection, and on account of his natural 
 qualities as a thinker and student, he was 
 of great practical influence in congress. He 
 was responsible for the passage of a bill pro- 
 viding for a survey of the arid lands of the 
 west and the building of large storage res- 
 ervoirs for the winter season's accumulated 
 water. 
 
 Being a member of the committee on ter- 
 ritories, he earnestly seconded the movement 
 resulting in the admission of the two Da- 
 kotas, Montana and Washihngton. He re- 
 sisted the admission of Utah until the Mor- 
 mons should renounce polygamy. 
 
 Throughout his political career, Judge 
 Symes was a staunch and unswerving sup- 
 porter of the principles of Abraham Lincoln, 
 Ben Wade, Joshua R. Giddings and John A. 
 Brigham. His career in congress was most 
 consistent, and by a steady devotion to the 
 interests of his constituents, he soon attained 
 the confidence and respect of all classes, Doth 
 in and out of the legislative halls. 
 
 Judge Symes' army record is also most 
 brilliant. He was one of the first to respond 
 to the call of his country upon the break- 
 ing out of the rebellion. Re enlisted as a 
 private, April 12, 1861, three days before 
 the call to arms had been issued by the presi- 
 dent. In the first battle of Bull Run, he 
 was wounded, in consequence of which he 
 was discharged for disability, but upon his 
 recovery he organized a company for tne 
 Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry, was made 
 adjutant and took the field in a two months' 
 
 campaign against the Sioux Indians in north- 
 ern Minnesota. In 1863, his regiment was 
 ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, and accom- 
 panied General Grant in the campaign which 
 resulted in the overthrow of Vicksburg. In 
 the battle of Atlanta, under General Sher- 
 man, he was severely wounded, and to this 
 wound, from which he never fully recov- 
 ered, is probably due his death. 
 
 For gallantry during this campaign he 
 was commissioned colonel of the Forty-fourth 
 Wisconsin Infantry. In 1865, he was ordered 
 to Paducah, Kentucky, where he commanded 
 the post until his regiment was mustered 
 out in August, 1865. When commissioned 
 colonel he was the youngest colonel in the 
 United States army. 
 
 After serving his honorable terms in con- 
 gress, Judge Symes devoted his time to the 
 law and his private business. 
 
 He was attorney for the Citizens Water 
 Company and had other business connec- 
 tions of a wide and varied character. 
 
 He established, before his death, the 
 Symes Law Library in the Symes Block, an- 
 other monument to his memory, and one of 
 the best known business blocks in Denver. 
 The library, which is free to the occupants 
 of the building, mostly composed of law 
 firms, is one of the most complete libraries 
 in the state. 
 
 In his life as a citizen, Judge Symes was 
 a model for the younger generation to emu- 
 late. The interests of Denver were his inter- 
 ests, and the people's welfare and happiness 
 were also his, in a like degree. In everything 
 of a public or charitable nature he was 
 always ready to support financially and mor- 
 ally, and whatever cause he aided with his 
 voice, it was well known he stood ready and 
 willing to aid with his purse. 
 
 Judge Symes was married in Chicago, 
 July 3, 1875, to Miss Sophie F. Foster, daugh- 
 ter of the eminent scientist, John Wells Fos- 
 ter, LL. D. There are three children, Kath- 
 erine Foster, John Foster, and George Gif- 
 ford Symes. 
 
 His home life was ideal, and no man was 
 a better exemplification of the perfect hus- 
 band and father than was he. 
 
 Large in his ideals and conceptions of his 
 duty to life and mankind; an optimist in 
 every sense of the word, and a lover of his 
 fellow man, his was indeed, though passed, 
 a model life for our youth to be guided by 
 and a blessed memory to his family, his 
 friends and the citizens of Colorado. 
 
 371 
 
EDWARD BROADBENT MORGAN 
 
 372 
 
EDWARD BROADBENT MORGAN. 
 
 \/f ORGAN, EDWARD BROADBENT, law- 
 yer, born at Wethersfield, Connecticut, 
 December 18, 1862, the son of Samuel B. 
 (1835-1897) and Ellen T. (Blinn) Morgan. 
 On the paternal side his ancestry is Welsh. 
 The progenitor in America was Richard Rose 
 Morgan ; settled in New London, Connecticut, 
 in 1679. The family was prominent in early 
 colonial and later New England history, fur- 
 nishing soldiers and officers for the American 
 army. On both his parents' sides, Mr. Mor- 
 gan is descended from Elder William Brew- 
 ster, pastor of the Mayflower, and of the 
 Pilgrim Fathers who landed at Plymouth 
 Rock. His father, Samuel B. Morgan (q. v.), 
 began life as a cabin boy on a whaler, sail- 
 ing from New Bedford, and rose to the posi- 
 tion of commander. Coming to Colorado 
 in 1862, he was successively a mining super- 
 intendent, a merchant, and a successful 
 dealer in real estate and mines, acquiring 
 large wealth. 
 
 When Edward Broadbent Morgan was 
 less than two years old, his mother brought 
 him to Colorado, crossing the plains in a 
 stage coach (1864), to join his father, then 
 superintendent of mining properties at Black 
 Hawk. In 1873, the family moved to Den- 
 ver. Edward attended the public schools 
 of the city, graduating from the Denver 
 High School in 1881. In 1882, he entered 
 Yale College, graduating with the class of 
 '86. His summer vacations were spent in 
 European travel. He entered the Harvard 
 Law School in September, 1888, taking a 
 two-year course, and at its close making a 
 trip through portions of British Columbia 
 and Alaska. September, 1888, Mr. Morgan 
 attached himself to the law office of Teller 
 & Orahood of Denver, and one ^ear later he 
 was admitted to the bar. In 1890, he be- 
 came chief clerk in the office of that firm, 
 and was admitted as a partner in 1892. 
 There his experience as attorney and coun- 
 sellor was principally in connection with 
 important litigation in matters of business, 
 estates, lands, mining and corporation law. 
 In 1898, the firm of Teller, Orahood & Mor- 
 
 gan was dissolved, and Mr. Morgan has ever 
 since pursued the practice alone, though de- 
 voting the larger part of the time to the 
 management of his father's estate. 
 
 Mr. Morgan is a gentleman of education 
 and culture, with decided literary tenden- 
 cies, and possessed of wide information on 
 universal affairs. He is particularly ambi- 
 tious and thorough in his specialty of col- 
 lecting and preserving the history and lit- 
 erature of Colorado. For many years he has 
 been president of the Colorado Historical 
 and Natural History Society. But this work 
 of bibliography is a personal matter and a 
 self-imposed task a work for public good at 
 his own expense. The cost is that of time 
 and labor, as well as money. His collection 
 consists of books, pamphlets, special publica- 
 tions and objects connected with the early 
 history and current events of Colorado. The 
 works of Colorado journalists and writers 
 form a conspicuous part. His collection 
 comprises not less than six hundred bound 
 volumes of historical and descriptive works 
 and several thousand pamphlets, papers and 
 other publications, combined, relating to the 
 history and bibliography of Colorado. But 
 comparatively few of these books and papers 
 could be duplicated, while many are quite 
 rare and of no small value. This collection 
 is consigned by Mr. Morgan to the care and 
 keeping of the Colorado Historical and Nat- 
 ural History Society, in their rooms at the 
 State Capitol building. Mr. Morgan is a 
 member of the University Club of New York, 
 the University Club of Denver, the Denver 
 Athletic Club and the Overland Park Club. 
 
 Mr. Morgan married Grace Firth Welles 
 of Denver, April 12, 1909. He is in the prime 
 of life at the age of forty-nine, and is well 
 known and much esteemed in Colorado, 
 while he has a large business and profes- 
 sional acquaintance in many parts of the 
 United States. He is a man of good influ- 
 ence among the members of the bar, pop- 
 ular in social circles, and has the confidence 
 and friendship of all classes of the people. 
 
 373- 
 
EDWIN STEBBINS KASSLER 
 
 -374- 
 
EDWIN STEBBINS KASSLER. 
 
 T^ASSLER, EDWIN STEBBINS, real 
 ^^ estate, investments and securities, born 
 in Denver, Colorado, October 29, 1866, the son 
 of George W. Kassler (q.v.) (banker) (1836- 
 1890). George W. Kassler was born in Cana- 
 joharie, New York, September 12, 1836. 
 Having acquired his business and financial 
 training under such eminent men as L. R. 
 Tuttle and A. U. Wyman, both of whom be- 
 came the respective treasurers of the United 
 States, George W. Kassler came from Omaha 
 to Denver in 1860, took part as a pioneer 
 in business and public affairs and became 
 one of the leading builders of the early Den- 
 ver, subsequently one of its most substantial 
 citizens and business men, leaving the legacy 
 of an honorable name and a degree of com- 
 fortable wealth to his family. His mother 
 was Maria T. Stebbins, daughter of Edwin J. 
 Stebbins and Julia A. Cory. 
 
 Edwin Stebbins Kassler of Denver is a 
 genuine product of Colorado and one of its 
 most enterprising citizens, known among the 
 vigorous young element of the state as a 
 progressive, public-spirited citizen. He grad- 
 uated from the East Denver High School in 
 1886. In the same year, he took a position as 
 clerk in the First National Bank of Denver. 
 That position he held with creditable ability 
 for a number of years and, in later times, has 
 been known as one of Denver's most careful, 
 thorough and conscientious business men and 
 financiers. Pursuing his business as an in- 
 vestment agent and dealer in real estate and 
 securities, he has been and continues to be 
 a potent agency in attracting capital and 
 people for the upbuilding of Denver and pro- 
 motion of the industries of the state. He 
 attends to the business of his personal hold- 
 ings, is well informed and reliable as an in- 
 
 vestment agent and handles the class of se- 
 curities only which have the substantial 
 backing of well established industries, or 
 those of financial interests which are ap- 
 proved by the banks of the nation. Thus, 
 pursuing his business course in Denver, Mr. 
 Kassler has aligned himself with some of the 
 most important industries and utilities of 
 Colorado. He is a director in the United 
 States National Bank, director of the Den- 
 ver Union Water Company and the Mountain 
 States Telephone and Telegraph Company. 
 Mr. Kassler has served as a member of the 
 board of trustees of the Charity Organiza- 
 tion Society since 1907. This board directs 
 largely the work of the Associated Charities 
 of Denver. He was also a director of the 
 Denver Real Estate Exchange for a num- 
 ber of years, prior to 1906. It can be truly 
 said of him that he is following in the foot- 
 steps of his revered father in laying the 
 foundations and promoting the details of de- 
 velopment of the still greater and more 
 beautiful Denver. Mr. Kassler is decidedly 
 a business man and, as a relaxation from 
 his arduous pursuit of material interests, he 
 gives natural vent to his sociable disposition 
 as a member of the Denver Country Club, 
 the Denver Athletic Club and the Denver 
 Club, while, as a business matter, he is a 
 member of the Colorado Traffic Club. Per- 
 sonally, Mr. Kassler is a gentleman of admir- 
 able characteristics, much beliked in social 
 circles, while he has the confidence and 
 friendship of the entire business community. 
 Edwin Stebbins Kassler married Olivia 
 Denham Cooper, the estimable daughter of 
 the late Governor Job A. Cooper, in Denver, 
 September 6, 1892. Their children are : Ruth, 
 born July 20, 1893 ; Edwin S., Jr., September 
 12, 1895, and Genevieve, March 22, 1905. 
 
 375 
 
WILLIAM MELVILLE SPRINGER 
 
 376 
 
WILLIAM MELVILLE SPRINGER. 
 
 OPRINGER, A\ 7 ILLIAM MELVILLE, im- 
 *"^ porter of horses, son of Isaac and Char- 
 lotte (I jams, horn in Zanesville, Ohio) 
 Springer, was horn in Winona, Marshall 
 county, Illinois, Fehruary 26, 1849. Through 
 the maternal line, he is descended from Jus- 
 tice Duval of the United States Supreme 
 Court. The paternal branch of the family 
 extends to the early history of the colonies, 
 and then still further back to some of the 
 royal families of Europe. At the time of the 
 settlement of the colonies, there were two 
 members of the family, Charles Christopher 
 Springer (1658-1738) and his half brother, 
 Lorentz (Lawrence) (1646-1741) of historic 
 interest. Carl Christopher Springer, the 
 American ancestor, erected the old Swedes 
 Church, "Wilmington, Delaware, in 1698, 
 which is (1911) still standing. In the royal 
 line the family tree extends to Charlemange, 
 in 742, and Pharamond, 420 A. D. Other 
 lines run back to the Czar and Grand Duch- 
 ess of Rusia, Otho the Illustrious, Henry the 
 Fowler, and Alfred the Great. The Spring- 
 ers date the family name from Louis Second, 
 The Springer, Germany, in the year 1089 
 and connected therewith, is an historical 
 story, interesting as romance itself. This 
 Louis was in the service of Emperor Henry 
 IV, as an officer in the military. He was im- 
 prisoned in the old Castle of Giebickenstein, 
 near Hale, his place of confinement being 
 100 feet above the Saale river. No serious 
 crime was charged against him, the arrest 
 having been caused through the popularity 
 of Louis himself. After an imprisonment of 
 two years, and no attempt to bring him to 
 trial, as the offense charged was trivial, he 
 obtained his freedom by leaping from the 
 castle. He was pardoned for his courage 
 when taken before the emperor, who gave 
 him the name ' ' Springer, ' ' owing to his won- 
 derful "spring" from the castle. Count 
 Springer, grandson of Louis II, The Springer, 
 was given Waldenburg, in Silesia, and 
 Knighted in 1092 when only one year of age. 
 The Springer coat of arms is one of the old- 
 est in Europe. 
 
 William M. Springer, the subject of this 
 sketch, was educated at Hedding College, 
 Abingdon, Illinois. In 1874, he was deputy 
 
 recorder in Chicago under James Stuart. 
 Returning to his old home in Marshall coun- 
 ty, he there introduced the shorthorn breed 
 of cattle. Removing to Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 
 1881, he continued in the stock business, be- 
 coming an importer of Belgian and Olden- 
 borg stock and Percheron stallions from 
 Europe. Mr. Springer was soon known as 
 one of the most prominent stockmen in the 
 United States. He made his first trip to 
 Europe in 1882, and since then he has 
 crossed the Atlantic sixty-two times. Com- 
 ing to Denver, in 1899, the firm of Springer 
 & Stubbs was formed, and for a number of 
 years continued to deal in blooded stock, 
 but he has since retired from the more active 
 work, though he still retains an interest in 
 the business. 
 
 His travels have taken him through all 
 parts of Europe, where he is known as a 
 prominent stockman, as well as in this coun- 
 try. He has visited England, Ireland, Scot- 
 land, Wales, France, Belgium, Holland, 
 Germany, Poland, Russia, including St. 
 Petersburg and Moscow, Finland, Sweden, 
 Norway, Denmark, and was in Russia dur- 
 ing the war of the latter with Japan. For 
 many years he was the president of the Na- 
 tional Association of Importers and Breed- 
 ers of fine draft horses. In 1885, he was 
 appointed by the governor of Iowa commis- 
 sioner to France when it was reported that 
 the latter country would place an embargo 
 on the exportation of horses, owing to the 
 probability of war with Germany. Mr. 
 Springer was appointed by Germany as cus- 
 todian of the Oldenborg records at the 
 "World's Fair, Chicago, and for the St. Louis 
 Exposition he was special commissioner to 
 Europe to secure a fine exhibit of horses 
 from abroad. 
 
 He married first in Chicago, Illinois, Feb- 
 ruary 28, 1879, Miss Mary Reece, who died 
 in 1890 ; second, Miss Emma Hauck, in Den- 
 ver, Colorado, December 22, 1910. He has 
 three children living: Fred. R., now ranch- 
 ing in California, and two daughters, Flor- 
 ence M. and Pauline C. 
 
 Mr. Springer is a member of the Gentle- 
 man's Riding and Driving Club, Denver, and 
 the Stockman's Club. 
 
 377- 
 
PAUL B. GAYLORD 
 
 378 
 
PAUL B. GAYLORD. 
 
 /"^AYLORD, PAUL B., insurance, son of 
 ^-* Edward H. and Sarah Rich Gaylord, 
 was born in Independence, Iowa, June 14, 
 1858. His family was identified in the early 
 days both in the east and the west with the 
 history and development of the country. 
 His father was one of the leading stock and 
 horsemen of Colorado. Young Gaylord at- 
 tended the public schools of his native town. 
 He was afforded plenty of outdoor exercise 
 and recreation in his boyhood, owing to the 
 extensive stock business of his father, for 
 Paul was always fond of a good horse. In 
 the midst of this open air environment, he 
 grew up a strong and sturdy lad. At the 
 age of eighteen, he entered the employ of 
 the railway mail service, and for a time, 
 ably and efficiently was thus engaged in the 
 service of the government. From 1876 until 
 1880, he made his home in Kansas, but in 
 the latter year, removed to Colorado. 
 
 Soon after his arrival in Denver, Mr. 
 Gaylord engaged in the insurance business, 
 and during his long career in this line of ac- 
 tivity, has brought to himself a large and 
 influential clientele. He has only repre- 
 sented first-class insurance interests, and 
 thus was given the business of the best com- 
 mercial and professional men in the Rocky 
 Mountain region. 
 
 Upon the organization of the Continental 
 
 Trust Company, Mr. Gaylord was elected 
 vice-president, a position which he still 
 holds, and was also made the manager of the 
 insurance department of this large and in- 
 fluential company. His long and successful 
 business career in Denver, characterized by 
 fair and upright dealing, together with his 
 fitness for the position, has made his name 
 one of the strong and potent influences back 
 of the Continental Trust Company. His 
 brother, Hal Gaylord, for several years iden- 
 tified with the Denver newspapers, and es- 
 pecially with the Denver Tribune during the 
 old Gene Field days, has for a number of 
 years been at the head of the Kansas City 
 Journal. The two brothers have, from earli- 
 est childhood, been devotedly attached to 
 each other, and both made high marks in 
 the history of the west in two of its most 
 progressive cities. 
 
 Mr. Gaylord is a member of the Denver 
 Club, Denver Athletic Club, Denver Country 
 Club, and also the following societies and 
 organizations : Masons, Knights Templar and 
 Shriners; Sons of Colorado and Colorado 
 Pioneers. 
 
 He married in Denver, October 30, 1889, 
 Miss Kate Gordon, daughter of Colonel J. 
 F. Seymour. They have two children, Paul 
 Lindley and Ellen Seymour. 
 
 379 
 
JOHN ST. JOHN IRBY 
 
 380 
 
JOHN ST. JOHN IRBY. 
 
 T.RBY, JOHN ST. JOHN, journalism, Colo- 
 
 rado state senator, son of Meade Adams 
 and Amanda Tanner (James) Irby, was born 
 August 9, 1868, at Vernon Hill, Halifax 
 county, Virginia. Mr. Irby is descended 
 from a family, distinguished in the history 
 of his native state, from the colonial period 
 to the present time. Some of his forbears 
 have become prominent in other states, in 
 both public and private life. His American 
 progenitor in the paternal line, was Dr. Wil- 
 liam Irby of Charles City county, Virginia. 
 His mother, Amanda Tanner, daughter of 
 Colonel Robert and Polly (Tanner) James, 
 is also related to illustrious Virginia families. 
 His father, Meade Adams Irby, was a planter, 
 and a prominent citizen of the state, serving 
 in the civil war, retiring with rank of cap- 
 tain. 
 
 John St. John Irby, their son, spent his 
 early life on his father's plantation, and was 
 educated at Lexington (North Carolina) 
 Academy, and Richmond (Virginia) College, 
 later taking a special course in law. In 
 1887, when but nineteen years of age, he 
 began his first newspaper work, as a reporter 
 on the Richmond (Virginia) Times, and here 
 established an enviable reputation as a news 
 gatherer and as a writer, rising through the 
 various stages to the managing editorship of 
 this paper. On May 1, 1899, he came to Den- 
 ver on account of ill health and resumed his 
 work in the field of journalism. For a time, 
 he was a reporter on the Denver Post, then 
 became telegraph editor of the Denver Times, 
 his record on both papers being noted for 
 efficiency and alertness. A wider and broader 
 field of work lay before him in a higher posi- 
 tion, when he became president of the Cripple 
 Creek Times, in 1903. Mr. Irby successfully 
 filled the several important editorial posi- 
 tions connected with general newspaper work 
 and with the Cripple Creek Times he was 
 also prominently connected with the business 
 department. There is not an important 
 phase of newspaper life, with which he is 
 not familiar. 
 
 Mr. Irby is a staunch democrat, and an 
 ardent supporter of its principles. Both in 
 temperament and ability, he is well equipped 
 for the political field. A gifted and grace- 
 ful speaker, a pleasing and affable manner, 
 and forcible writer, are the attributes with 
 which nature and education have fitted him 
 for public life. 
 
 Since 1904, he has been the secretary of 
 Mayor Speer, a position he has filled with 
 marked ability. Method, executive ability, 
 
 ready discernment, alertness to perceive and 
 decide, are all elements essential to fill this 
 office in the able and satisfactory manner 
 with which Mr. Irby has occupied this try- 
 ing position. 
 
 During his several years of service as 
 secretary to the mayor, in which he had the 
 friendship and esteem of the leaders of his 
 own party, he has become popular with 
 many of opposite political faith. He was 
 nominated for the state senate in 1908, and 
 elected by a large majority, leading his 
 ticket, for the four years' term. 
 
 During the regular sessions of 1909 and 
 1911, and the special session of 1910, he was 
 one of the democratic leaders of that body. 
 His staunch democracy, honesty of purpose, 
 and forensic ability and eloquence, made 
 Senator Irby a prominent figure in the delib- 
 erations of that body, and especially during 
 the discussion of the more important and 
 intricate questions. Senator Irby was a 
 member of the more prominent committees. 
 
 During the regular session of 1911, he 
 was a recognized leader of those democrats 
 who favored the election of Mayor Robert 
 W. Speer to the United States Senate, to 
 succeed the late Charles J. Hughes, Jr. 
 Although there was no election, yet that fact 
 did not detract from the honorable and 
 heroic fight he made in the legislature for the 
 election of Mayor Speer. The ability with 
 which he has served as state senator, has 
 already caused his name to be mentioned in 
 the lists of those upon whom greater political 
 honors may be bestowed. 
 
 Senator Irby is a member of the Denver 
 Press Club, of which he was president for one 
 year. He is also a member of the Southern 
 Society and the Democratic Club. During 
 his public career, Senator Irby has often 
 been called upon to deliver addresses before 
 large conventions and public gatherings. 
 His eloquent speeches filled with rich humor 
 have made him one of the popular orators of 
 the state. 
 
 Senator Irby married in Denver, October 
 12, 1902, Miss Harriet, daughter of Judge 
 C. T. Ryland of San Jose, California, and 
 grand-daughter of Governor Peter H. Bur- 
 nett of San Francisco, California, both '49ers 
 in California and leaders in the official life 
 of the state. On her paternal side, Mrs. Irby 
 is the grand-daughter of Judge John Fer- 
 guson Ryland, who for seventeen years was 
 a member of the supreme bench of Missouri. 
 Senator and Mrs. Irby are both prominent in 
 the social life of Denver. 
 
 381 
 
JAMES HERBERT BLOOD 
 
 382 
 
JAMES HERBERT BLOOD. 
 
 "Q LOOD, JAMES HERBERT, lawyer, born 
 *-* November 6, 1857, in Great Falls, New 
 Hampshire, is the son of James Monroe 
 (born November 7, 1829, died July 25, 1878) 
 and Eliza K. (Evans) Blood. His father 
 was a cotton miller, but, owing to the depres- 
 sion in that trade during the war, he en- 
 gaged in the jewelry business, for a time, in 
 Philadelphia. His mother was a daughter 
 of Daniel and Susan Bean Evans of Maine, 
 her father, Daniel, being a cousin of Gov- 
 ernor John Evans (q. v.) of Colorado. The 
 colonial ancestor of the family was James 
 Blood of Cheshire, England, who came, about 
 1638, and settled in Concord, Massachusetts. 
 
 James H. Blood attended the public 
 schools of Philadelphia and Denver, and the 
 University of Michigan, graduating from the 
 latter with the degree of LL. B. in 1879. He 
 is a member of the Phi Delta Phi. 
 
 Mr. Blood entered upon the practice of 
 his profession in Denver in 1879, and in 
 1880, with his school-mate and class-mate, 
 G. C. Bartels (q. v.), under the firm name of 
 Bartels & Blood. Later Frank N. Bancroft 
 was added to the firm, the name now being 
 Bartels. Blood & Bancroft. It is one of the 
 old and well established legal firms of Den- 
 
 ver. For twenty-five years they have repre- 
 sented the Colorado National Bank and af- 
 filiated interests; and, for fifteen years, the 
 Northern Coal and Coke Company. 
 
 Mr. Blood came to Denver in 1873, and 
 his former places of residence were Great 
 Falls, New Hampshire ; Boston, Massachu- 
 setts, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 
 the Masonic fraternity, he is a Shriner, 
 Knight Templar, Scottish Rite and Thirty- 
 second Degree. He is a member of the Den- 
 ver Club, University Club, Denver Country 
 Club, Colorado Traffic Club, of Denver, and 
 the Denver Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 He married Miss Lina E. Bartels of Den- 
 ver, September 20, 1883. She was the daugh- 
 ter of Louis F. Bartels (born January 10, 
 1826, near Goettingen, Germany, and died, 
 Denver, August 27, 1874), who came to Colo- 
 rado in 1861. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Blood have the following 
 children : Herbert T. Blood, A. B., Leland 
 Stanford, Jr., University, and now with the 
 Colorado National Bank; Walter W. Blood, 
 LL. B., also of Stanford ; Miss Alma Louise 
 Blood, A. B., Vassar; and Miss Caroline 
 Helen Blood, graduate of the Miss Wolcott 
 School, Denver. 
 
 383 
 
FRANCIS CRISSEY YOUNG 
 
 384- 
 
FRANCIS CRISSEY YOUNG. 
 
 FRANCIS CRISSEY, bond 
 dealer, born January 28, 1844, in New 
 York City, was the son of James (1813-1895, 
 manufacturer, New York City) and Adaline 
 daughter of Jesse and Abia (Swift) Cris- 
 sey] Young. His ancestors were distin- 
 guished leaders in the early period of New 
 England history. He is descended from 
 Thomas MayheAv, Colonial Governor and 
 "proprietor" of Martha's Vineyard, Nan- 
 tucket and the Elizabeth Isles, from South- 
 ampton, England, to Watertown, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1631 ; thence to the Islands, which 
 were afterward consolidated with the Colony 
 of Massachusetts, and for thirty-three years 
 was engaged in missionary work with these 
 Island Indians. 
 
 Another ancestor was William Swift, 
 who came with "the great Boston immigra- 
 tion" of 1631, to Watertown, from Booking, 
 Essex, England, and in 1637 to Cape Cod, 
 where he, with others, founded the town of 
 Sandwich, from which he was Deputy to the 
 General Court for many years. 
 
 His great-grandfather, Surgeon Isaac 
 Swift (1753-1802) of Cornwall, Connecticut, 
 was one of the patriots of the American 
 Revolution. He was surgeon's mate on the 
 staff of Colonel Charles Webb, Seventh Con- 
 necticut Regiment, raised in 1775; ordered 
 to Boston Camps, September 14, and as- 
 signed to General Sullivan's Brigade, on 
 Winter Hill, and remained until December, 
 1775 ; regiment organized under Colonel 
 Webb for service in 1776 ; surgeon in Colo- 
 nel Heman Swift's Seventh Regiment, Con- 
 necticut line. Resigned May 1, 1778. This 
 regiment went into field, 1777, in New York, 
 and in September was ordered to join Wash- 
 ington's army in Pennsylvania, where it 
 fought at Germantown in 1777, and wintered 
 at Valley Forge, 1777-1778. 
 
 Francis (more commonly known in Colo- 
 rado as "Frank") C. Young was educated 
 in the public schools of New York City, and 
 served an apprenticeship of five years in 
 John F. Trow's printing office in that city. 
 Then for more than a year he was in the 
 employ of the Adams Express Company, 
 
 until 1865. In the spring of that year he 
 started from New York with a party of six 
 young men, crossing the plains afoot with 
 a wagon train from Atchison, Kansas. He 
 was employed for a time by the Downieville 
 Mining Company, at Mill City, now Dumont, 
 Colorado, and became interested in the orig- 
 inal and active gold district, the Gregory 
 Diggings of the Territory. He then became 
 associated with 0. J. Hollister and Frank 
 Hall in the "Black Hawk Journal," then 
 the leading paper in Colorado. 
 
 In June, 1866, he was appointed teller 
 and general accountant of the bank of War- 
 ren Hussey & Company, at Central City. 
 When this bank was succeeded by (J. A.) 
 Thatcher, Standley and Company, Mr. 
 Young was retained as cashier by the new 
 firm, and still later in the same position 
 (1874), when it was merged into the First 
 National Bank of Central City. Resigning 
 as cashier in 1880, he came to Denver, and 
 for many years was associated with Edward 
 W. Rollins, under the firm name of Rollins 
 & Young, dealers in bonds and securities. 
 Mr. Young now holds joint interests with 
 him in the Denver Hotel & Theatre Com- 
 pany, owner of the Metropole Hotel and 
 Broadway Theatre. His regular personal 
 business is that of dealer in bonds and secur- 
 ities, and is interested in a number of invest- 
 ments. 
 
 Mr. Young is the author of the following 
 publications: "Echoes from Arcadia the 
 Story of Central City," (1903) ; "Across the 
 Plains in '65," (1905); "Fifty Years of 
 Gilpin County," etc. The first two are in 
 the various public town libraries in the 
 state. 
 
 Mr. Young is a member of the Sons of 
 the Revolution, a member and former gov- 
 ernor of the Colorado Society of the Colo- 
 nial Wars, and of the State Historical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 He married, in 1873, at Beloit, AVisconsin, 
 Miss Carrie E., daughter of Chauncey F. 
 and Elizabeth (Stoddard) Sims. They have 
 two daughters, Eleanor Frances and Eliza- 
 beth Stoddard. 
 
 385 
 
ROBERT JAMES PITKIN 
 
 386 
 
ROBERT JAMES PITKIN. 
 
 PITKIN, ROBERT JAMES, lawyer, born 
 * May 30, 1864, is the son of Frederick 
 W. (q. v.) and Fidelia M. (James) Pitkin. 
 His father was governor of Colorado from 
 1878 to 1882, and was descended from a New 
 England colonial family, including a gov- 
 ernor and prominent statesman, identified 
 with the early history of that period. 
 
 Robert J. Pitkin was graduated from the 
 East Denver High School in 1881. He re- 
 ceived the degree of A. B. from Yale in 1885 ; 
 that of LL. B. from the Yale Law School in 
 1888. He is a member of the Psi Upsilon 
 and the Scroll and Key (Yale). 
 
 Mr. Pitkin entered upon the practice of 
 of the law in Denver in 1888, forming a part- 
 nership with Mr. Earl M. Cranston, and the 
 firm was increased by the addition of Mr. 
 William A. Moore, in 1893. Mr. Pitkin has 
 
 made a most worthy record, stands high in 
 his profession, and his firm is recognized as 
 one of the strongest in the west. In addition 
 to his practice, he is also an instructor in 
 the Law School of the University of Denver. 
 
 Mr. Pitkin is a member of the University 
 Club, Denver; also a member of the Colorado 
 Bar Association, and the Denver Bar Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 He married, June 20, 1895, Miss Amy 
 Moore, the daughter of Bishop David H. 
 Moore, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Her father was formerly the chancellor of 
 the University of Denver, and chosen a 
 Blaine elector from Colorado. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Pitkin have three children, 
 Amy, born July 20, 1897; Julia, born May 
 12, 1899 ; and Marion, born September 2, 
 1906. 
 
 387 
 
PATRICK VINCENT CARLIN, M.D. 
 
 388 
 
PATRICK VINCENT CARLIN, M. D. 
 
 PATRICK VINCENT, M. D., 
 born in Ireland, May 8, 1854, is the son 
 of Thomas and Mary (O'Neill) Carlin. 
 When about a year old, he came to this coun- 
 try with his parents, in March, 1855, who 
 settled in Caledonia, Livingston county, New 
 York. His father there engaged in farming, 
 until accidentally killed in 1867. His mother 
 brought up her family on the farm, but later 
 came to Colorado to reside with her son, the 
 subject of this sketch. She had two other 
 sons, John and James, who engaged in farm- 
 ing and mining, the former in California. 
 A younger son, T. H. Carlin, became a physi- 
 cian in Denver, and an only daughter, Mary 
 A., was for several years, a teacher in the 
 public schools of this city. 
 
 Dr. P. V. Carlin attended the public 
 schools in Caledonia, New York, and later, 
 by teaching, earned money with which to 
 enter the State Normal School at Geneseo, 
 that state. Beginning the study of medicine 
 in 1878, under Professor E. M. Moore, in 
 Rochester, New York, he entered, a year 
 later, the medical department of the Univer- 
 sity of the City of New York. After a course 
 of lectures there, he came to Colorado, lo- 
 cating at Denver, in 1881. Entering the med- 
 ical department of the University of Denver, 
 he was one of five of the first graduating 
 class, and is now the oldest physician in 
 Denver who is a graduate of a medical col- 
 lege located in that city. In 1907, the Uni- 
 versity of Denver conferred upon him an 
 honorary A. B. After his graduation in 
 
 1882, he was appointed resident physician at 
 the county hospital, Denver, but resigning 
 at the end of three months, he formed a part- 
 nership with Dr. Charles Denison, continuing 
 for two years. He then opened an office for 
 himself. 
 
 For two years he was demonstrator of 
 anatomy in the medical department of the 
 University of Denver, after which, adjunct 
 lecturer of anatomy and lecturer of obstet- 
 rics in that institution. He was formerly 
 consulting physician for the Union Pacific, 
 Denver and Gulf, and Leadville and Gunni- 
 son railroads. He is now consulting surgeon 
 of the Colorado and Southern Railroad, and 
 a member of the staff of St. Joseph's Hos- 
 pital. 
 
 Dr. Carlin is a member of the American 
 Medical Association, Colorado State Medical 
 Society, the city and county medical societies 
 and the Denver Athletic Club. 
 
 Dr. Carlin has not only attained a most 
 worthy position in the practice of his pro- 
 fession, but has been also especially identi- 
 fied with the educational interests of Den- 
 ver. Since 1904, he has been a member of 
 the Board of Education, and has recently 
 been elected for a third term, and to him is 
 due much of the credit for efficiency and 
 high standing of the Denver public school 
 system. 
 
 Dr. Carlin married at Geneseo, New 
 York, in 1885, Miss B. A., daughter of T. 
 Delehanty, of that city. They have one 
 child, Vincent, eight years of age. 
 
 -389- 
 
FRANCIS WILLIAM LOVELAND 
 
 390- 
 
FRANCIS WILLIAM LOVELAND. 
 
 T OVELAND, FRANCIS WILLIAM, law- 
 *-' yer, capitalist, son of AVilliam Austin 
 Hamilton (q. v.) and Miranda Ann (Mont- 
 gomery) Loveland, was born at Brighton, 
 Illinois, July 24, 1859. His ancestors were 
 among the early settlers of New England, 
 and representative of prominent families in 
 the colonies. His American progenitor was 
 Thomas Loveland, who came from Norwich, 
 England, and settled in Boston, about 1630. 
 Through this line, the descent is from 
 Thomas Loveland, the original settler, 
 through Robert, Lot, Joel, Timothy, Leonard, 
 and "William Austin Hamilton Loveland, to 
 Francis William Loveland, the subject of this 
 sketch. 
 
 Francis W. Loveland came with his par- 
 ents to Colorado in 1860, and received his 
 primary and early education in the public 
 schools at Golden. Later, he entered the 
 University of Michigan, from which he was 
 graduated in 1880, with the degree of B. A. 
 He then studied law at the University of 
 Denver, graduated from there with the de- 
 gree of B. L., and was admitted to the bar in 
 1894. For several years, he was associated 
 with his distinguished father, in some of 
 the large and extensive business enterprises 
 and operations, in which the former was en- 
 gaged. For several years he was secretary 
 and treasurer of the Rocky Mountain News 
 Printing Company, which published the 
 Rocky Mountain Daily News. Mr. Loveland 
 was also secretary and treasurer of the Den- 
 ver Circle Railroad for six years; also filled 
 the same positions for the Denver Circle Real 
 
 Estate Company for six years. During the 
 financial difficulties of the Grand River 
 Ditch Company at Grand Junction, Colorado, 
 he was the receiver for the company, for 
 about two years. He was secretary of the 
 Handy Ditch Company, Berthoud, Colorado, 
 for ten years, and for fifteen years was a 
 director and treasurer of the Denver, Lake- 
 wood and Golden Railway Company, also 
 serving as chairman of the reorganization 
 committee. From 1893 to the present, he has 
 been the general manager, secretary and 
 treasurer of the Louisville Coal Mining Com- 
 pany, which, at an early date, controlled 
 about one-third of the lignite coal of Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 Quiet and unassuming, yet Mr. Loveland 
 is recognized as one of the prominent finan- 
 ciers of the state, and has the management 
 and control of large real estate and business 
 interests. He is a member of the Colorado 
 Bar Association, also the University Club 
 and the Denver Country Club. 
 
 Mr. Loveland married, at Denver, Decem- 
 ber 19, 1883, Miss Adele, daughter of Morti- 
 mer W. and Sarah B. Beebe, and the family 
 is prominent in the social life of the city. 
 Mrs. Loveland is a member of the Daughters 
 of the American Revolution, her ancestor, 
 Captain John Kidney of New Jersey, having 
 been one of the American patriots in that 
 war. To Mr. and Mrs. Loveland were born 
 in Denver the following children : Francis 
 Percy Loveland, born June 11, 1885 ; Harold 
 Montgomery Loveland, born April 7, 1888, 
 died November 2, 1894. 
 
 -391- 
 
GEORGE McCULLOUGH 
 
 392- 
 
GEORGE McCULLOUGH. 
 
 X/T /^ULLOUGH, GEORGE, real estate, 
 * -"-Cv-i k orn i n Cincinnati, Ohio, Decem- 
 ber 18, 1843, is the son of George (1801- 
 1881) and Hetty (Simpson, died 1880) McCul- 
 lough. His father, George McCullough, born 
 in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, removed to 
 Ohio in 1813, when his father settled in Harrison 
 county, that state, then a wilderness region. 
 When 21 years of age, Mr. McCullough, 
 father of the subject of this sketch, left the 
 farm, and removing to Cadiz, the county 
 seat, entered the employ of the clerk of the 
 court, continuing in that office about five 
 years, holding the position most of the time 
 as deputy clerk, assessing and collecting the 
 taxes. On Jan. 29, 1829, he married Miss 
 Hetty Simpson of Cadiz, and then engaged in 
 the dry goods business about six years. His 
 wife was related to the Tingley family, of 
 Morristown, New York, one of whom was on 
 Washington's staff. After farming four years 
 in Columbiana county, Ohio; seventeen years 
 as a wholesale grocer in Cincinnati; fiye 
 years in real estate business, Iowa City, Iowa; 
 he then removed to Chicago. Residing there 
 two years, he was given a position in the 
 custom house in Baltimore, remaining there 
 
 until the close of the war. He next organized 
 a company to bore for oil at Cambridge, Ohio, 
 which enterprise not proving successful, he 
 removed to Quincy, 111. and then to Denver 
 in 1872, engaging in real estate business, and 
 laid out McCullough's addition, now one of 
 the most desirable locations of Denver. 
 
 George McCullough, his son, attended the 
 University of Iowa, and was graduated from 
 the Columbian Law School, Washington, 
 D. C. in 1869, with the degree of LL. B. He 
 practiced law for a short time, then engaged 
 in the broker and oil business, and real es- 
 tate. Mr. McCullough came to Denver 
 Oct. 5, 1872, and assisted his father to plat 
 and lay out McCullough's addition. He now 
 has large real estate holdings, and has been 
 the promoter of many enterprises that have 
 materially aided in building up this city and 
 state. Mr. McCullough is a member of the 
 Denver and Lotus clubs, and is a Scottish 
 Rite Mason. His first marriage was in 1871, 
 in Washington, D. C., his wife dying in 1889. 
 In 1895, at Denver, he married Alice R. Jones. 
 They have two daughters, Mary and Alice, 
 now attending Miss Wolcott's School. 
 
 393 
 

 EZRA TAYLOR ELLIOTT 
 
 394 
 
EZRA TAYLOR ELLIOTT. 
 
 "C LLIOTT, Ezra Taylor, attorney and jur- 
 1st, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on No- 
 vember 15, 1845. His father, Ezra Elliott, 
 a wholesale merchant, was born on Novem- 
 ber 3, 1802, and died January 28, 1881. His 
 mother was Asenath Varney Elliott. Judge 
 Elliott's ancestors came from Elliott clan, 
 Scotland, and were among the first settlers 
 of Maryland. 
 
 He received his first education in the 
 public schools of Cincinnati, after which he 
 attended Hughes High School and then 
 studied under private tutor international 
 law and political economy. He first engaged 
 in business in Cincinnati, and then removed 
 to Shawneetown, Illinois, as a coal operator, 
 where he remained until 187.1, when he came 
 to Denver, Colorado. Judge Elliott arrived 
 in Colorado upon the completion of the Kan- 
 sas Pacific Railroad, with a serious case of 
 tuberculosis. The climate routed the dis- 
 ease and he completely recovered his health. 
 He then decided to make the state his per- 
 manent home. 
 
 The panic of 1873 left Denver in a pre- 
 carious condition. It was to all intents 
 and purposes dead and without resources, 
 while Del Norte bade fair to become 
 the principal city of the state, being 
 
 the distributing point for the whole San 
 Juan country. There was $10 in circulation 
 in Del Norte to every dollar in Denver, and 
 its close proximity to the great mines of the 
 state, and its climate and other attractions, 
 caused Judge Elliott to remove to that city, 
 where he has since resided. He engaged in 
 mining and stock raising, and later in the 
 practice of his profession, in all of which 
 he was successful. Judge Elliott has always 
 taken a citizen's interest in the welfare of 
 the state, both financially and politically, 
 and has attended all the conventions of his 
 party, but never sought political office for 
 himself. He has frequently been called 
 upon, however, to serve the people and was 
 chosen county judge of Rio Grande county, 
 and has also represented the people as mayor 
 of Del Norte. He was appointed referee in 
 bankruptcy of the Federal court, which po- 
 sition he held until the Fifth Division of the 
 state was discontinued. Judge Elliott -is a 
 Mason and belongs to the Sons of Colorado 
 and the Ohio Society of Colorado and San 
 Juan Pioneers. 
 
 Judge Elliott and Victoria Weeden, 
 daughter of "Wanton Weeden, of Fairfield, 
 New York, were married in Del Norte on 
 September 15, 1885. They have no children. 
 
 395 
 
WILLIAM STERNE FRIEDMAN 
 
 WILLIAM STERNE FRIEDMAN. 
 
 "CRIEDMAN, WILLIAM STERNE, rabbi, man, and received his education from the 
 
 orator and lecturer, was born in Chi- Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 
 cage, Illinois, October 24, 1869. He is the and the University of Cincinnati, graduating 
 
 son of Nathan and Bertha (Sternberg) Fried- from the Hebrew College with the degree of 
 
 396 
 
Rabbi, and from the University of Cincinnati 
 with the degree of B. A., in 1889. 
 
 The brilliancy of his intellectual attain- 
 ments and oratorical ability was early rec- 
 ognized, and caused him to be called to act 
 as pastor of Temple Emanuel at Denver, 
 one of the leading Jewish Synagogues in 
 the country. And we might state, in passing, 
 that Rabbi Friedman's ability and efforts 
 were appreciated to the extent, that in 1909 
 he was elected to this office for life. 
 
 He is acknowledged by all to be one of 
 the most eloquent, forceful and enterprising 
 preachers in the Rocky Mountain region, a 
 leader in all enterprises inaugurated for the 
 betterment of the state and humanity. 
 
 Rabbi Friedman is one of the most lib- 
 eral pastors in his views upon religious sub- 
 jects, never hesitating to join with other 
 pastors of different denominations in any 
 and every movement tending to the upbuild- 
 ing of the churches and the people. His life 
 work seems to be devoted to the betterment 
 of mankind ; he is the founder and a member 
 of the executive council of the National Jew- 
 ish Hospital for Consumptives at Denver, the 
 first free tuberculosis hospital ever started 
 in America. The liberality of his views and 
 his great fund of human kindness was dem- 
 onstrated by his making the institution non- 
 sectarian. 
 
 In 1901, he be-came a member of the State 
 Board of Charities and Corrections, serving 
 as president from 1905 to 1909. He became 
 a member of the Denver Public Library Com- 
 mission in 1906, and was chosen vice-presi- 
 dent of this body in 1910. Soon after his 
 arrival in Denver he became vice-president 
 of the Charity Organization Society of Den- 
 ver, an organization that has done more to 
 relieve the needy and those in distress than 
 any other society in the city. This societ^ 
 maintains offices which are open to hear and 
 relieve all needy cases of distress at all times, 
 and its work in caring for unfortunates who 
 become stranded in Denver, after coming 
 from the east and other points, seeking re- 
 lief from consumption and other ailments, is 
 only one feature of its beneficent work. 
 Numerous are the widows, orphans, and old, 
 indigent men and women who are daily fed, 
 housed and clothed by this worthy society. 
 
 Still engaged in good work, and gaining 
 experience in the necessary work of prac- 
 tical, useful charity, he realized that some 
 organization having for its object the care 
 
 of indigent sick people, who could not be 
 taken care of by the county hospitals, was a 
 necessity ; so he became one of the founders 
 and the vice-president of the Saturday and 
 Sunday Hospital Association in 1905. This 
 society instituted what has become known 
 as "Tag Day," in which some of the most 
 prominent men and women volunteer their 
 services on stated Saturdays and Sundays to 
 sell tags in public places, the money thus 
 derived going into the fund handled by this 
 association, and being used to pay the ex- 
 penses of these indigent people in various 
 pay hospitals. 
 
 The relief of the persecuted Jews in Rus- 
 sia was another field for his energy, and in 
 1905 he assisted in organizing and became 
 the president of the Central Committee of 
 the Rocky Mountain Region for the relief 
 of these people. 
 
 Just how much Rabbi Friedman is recog- 
 nized as a leader of his people in this coun- 
 try is shown by the fact that he has re- 
 ceived calls from Chicago, Boston, Portland, 
 Oregon, and other cities. 
 
 His scholarly attainments won him recog- 
 nition by the University of Colorado, and in 
 1902 he accepted the chair of professor of 
 Hebrew in this university, which he still 
 holds, and in 1906, it conferred the degree 
 of LL. D. upon him. 
 
 He has, since 1908, been one of the exec- 
 utive committee of the Central Conference 
 of American Rabbis, and chairman of the 
 committee on church and state. The latter 
 committee is to prevent sectarianism in our 
 public schools, and also to prevent the ridi- 
 cule of the Jew on the stage, in the press 
 and on the forum, and keep unsullied the 
 name of the Jew. It also takes interest, 
 nationally and internationally, in the wel- 
 fare of the Jew. 
 
 As a lecturer on leligious, economic, pa- 
 triotic and philanthropic subjects he has few 
 equals, combining as he does his extensive 
 knowledge upon these subjects with a fluent 
 and pleasing delivery and magnetic person- 
 ality, he is much sought after to deliver ad- 
 dresses upon all public occasions. 
 
 Rabbi Friedman married at New Or- 
 leans, Louisiana, April 29. 1903, Juliet 
 Freyhan, the daughter of Julius Freyhan, of 
 that city. They have two children, J. Frey- 
 han Friedman, born January 30, 1904, and 
 Pauline Alma Friedman, born August 2, 1910. 
 
 397- 
 
ARTHUR CORNFORTH 
 
ARTHUR CORNFORTH. 
 
 /CORNFORTH, ARTHUR, lawyer, born 
 ^ February 21, 1861, in Smethport, Mc- 
 Kean county, Pennsylvania, is the son of 
 the Rev. Columbus and Clara Eliza (Med- 
 bury) Cornforth. His ancestors came to this 
 country in the colonial period, and were pa- 
 triots in the American Revolution. In the 
 maternal line, he is a grandson of Nelson 
 and Louisa (Taylor) Medbury; great grand- 
 son of James Taylor, who married a Miss 
 Niles; great, great grandson of Robert and 
 Sally (Bailey) Taylor; and, great, great, 
 great grandson of Asa Bailey, who was a 
 soldier in Colonel Huntington's Regiment, 
 in the Revolution. At one time when a bat- 
 tle was being fought near Groton, Connecti- 
 cut, where Asa Bailey then lived, he rushed 
 into the house and said, "Mother, we are 
 almost out of bullets." Without hesitation 
 she went to her pantry, took down her 
 beautiful pewter dinner set, which she 
 moulded into bullets with her own hands. 
 
 His father, the Rev. Columbus Cornforth, 
 D. D., was a baptist clergyman, and made a 
 gallant record in the civil war. He was 
 born in 1831 and died February 11, 1883. 
 He enlisted as a private in the Forty-second 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, commonly known 
 as the "Bucktail" Regiment. Reduced in 
 numbers by hard fighting in some of the 
 fiercest battles of the civil war, the remnant 
 of the Forty-second was combined with the 
 One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania, in 
 which he served as chaplain. 
 
 Arthur Cornforth, his son, was educated 
 in the high school, in Harrisburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was graduated with the degree 
 of LL. B. from the University of Kansas in 
 1882. He was admitted to the bar and at 
 once began the practice of the law at Clyde, 
 Cloud county, Kansas, where he remained 
 five years. He was city attorney, at Clyde, 
 in 1883, and was also deputy prosecuting at- 
 torney ; was also postmaster there 1883- 
 1885, having been appointed by President 
 Arthur, but resigned under the Cleveland 
 
 administration. Coming to Denver in Octo- 
 ber, 1887, and after looking over the state, 
 he located at Durango, in February, 1888, 
 where he was express agent for the Denver 
 & Rio Grande Railway until August, 1889, 
 when he went to Salt Lake City, where he 
 was variously employed until 1892. Return- 
 ing to Durango, he resumed the practice of 
 the law, continuing there four years, and 
 was county attorney of La Plata county in 
 1895. Removing to Colorado Springs, Janu- 
 ary 1, 1896, he has since made that city his 
 residence, and has built up a large and suc- 
 cessful business in the general practice of 
 the law. 
 
 He is a Republican in politics, and has 
 been one of the party leaders in Colorado. 
 He was state senator, Twenty-eighth district, 
 1902-06, and was re-elected state senator 
 from the same district in 1910 for another 
 term of four years. Senator Cornforth has 
 also served as Lieutenant-Governor of Colo- 
 rado. He was elected president pro tern, of 
 the state senate in the Fifteenth General 
 Assembly. When Jesse F. McDonald, the 
 Lieutenant-Governor, became Governor, by 
 virtue of his position as president pro tern, 
 of the senate, he became the successor to that 
 honor. Senator Cornforth has also been 
 prominently mentioned for Congress, and 
 other positions of honor and trust. In public 
 and private life, and in the practice of his 
 profession, he has made a worthy and envi- 
 able record in Colorado. As a member of the 
 state senate, he has exerted his influence in 
 the enactment of those laws, most beneficial 
 for the general good. He has proved him- 
 self to be an expert parliamentarian and a 
 fluent speaker. 
 
 Senator Cornforth is a Mason, a member 
 of the Woodmen of the World, Modern 
 Woodmen of America, is a past exalted 
 ruler of the B. P. 0. E., and a member also 
 of the Colorado Springs Chapter, Sons of the 
 American Revolution. 
 
 In December, 1882, he married Miss Fan- 
 nie Fulke, in Lawrence, Kansas. 
 
 399 
 
SAMUEL FREDERICK DUTTON 
 
 -400 
 
SAMUEL FREDERICK BUTTON. 
 
 DUX/TON, SAMUAL FREDERICK, hotel 
 proprietor, born February 16, 1870, in 
 Sherman, New York, was the son of Fred- 
 erick L. (born 1835) and Mary A. (Sixbey) 
 Button. His father, now retired from busi- 
 ness and residing at Denver, was, for many 
 years, a leader in politics in the western 
 part of that state. Mr. Button is descended 
 from patriots of the American Revolution, 
 in Connecticut and Rhode Island. He was 
 educated in Sherman Academy, in his native 
 town. As a boy, he was fascinated with the 
 scenes of the hotel lobby, and, obtaining the 
 consent of his father, became a bell boy in 
 one of the hotels of his home town. The 
 hotel business and life appealed to his youth- 
 ful ambition, and he then decided to shape 
 his future along that line. He has never 
 attempted any other avocation, profession or 
 business. From the position of bell boy to 
 that of proprietor, he knows all about the 
 work and management of a hotel, and has 
 been most successful in the several enter- 
 prises attempted by him. 
 
 For several years, he was steward at the 
 Clifton hotel, Chicago, and, then going to 
 Peoria, Illinois, he became manager of the 
 National hotel at that place. 
 
 Mr. Button, later, wa. appointed super- 
 intendent of railroad eating houses and din- 
 ing cars of the Santa Fe, before he came to 
 Colorado, and associated with Fred Harvey, 
 co-operated in perfecting the system to a 
 high condition of efficiency. While con- 
 nected with this railroad service, Mr. Button 
 was afforded an excellent opportunity to 
 study the west, and then made up his mind, 
 that he would sometime, make it his per- 
 manent home. In 1894, he came to Benver, 
 and was made the store-keeper for the 
 Albany hotel. Later, he became steward, 
 manager, partner, and finally the sole pro- 
 prietor of the Albany hotel. 
 
 Regardless of the cost and expense in- 
 curred, many improvements have been made, 
 and few hotels are superior in service and 
 appointments to the Albany, which is widely 
 known as one of the best equipped hotels 
 in the country. The building has been en- 
 larged from time to time, entailing a large 
 outlay of money, and all the modern con- 
 veniences are afforded the general public. 
 
 Mr. Button, with commendable pride, has 
 built up one of the finest hostelries of the 
 west and now (191.1.) he is preparing to tear 
 all of this away and replace it with a hotel 
 second to none in America. 
 
 Mr. Button is not only known as a hotel 
 proprietor, but as one of the prominent cit- 
 izens of the state. He is always at the front 
 in any enterprise that aids in the building 
 up of Benver, Colorado, and the west. Lib- 
 eral, generous, public spirited, and affable, 
 he is popular as a man of business and of 
 affaire.. As a member of the Chamber of 
 Commerce, he has taken a prominent part 
 in its work, in pushing to the front the in- 
 terests of this city. As director of the Ben- 
 ver Convention League, and prominently 
 connected with its work, he has given valu- 
 able aid and assistance in securing for this 
 chVy the national meetings and gatherings of 
 the leading associations and societies of this 
 country. Probably but few men in this city 
 have a more extended acquaintance than 
 Mr. Button, hence the valuable services he 
 is always able and willing to give, when 
 these public matters come up for consider- 
 ation. 
 
 Mr. Button has also been prominently 
 identified with the several associations thai 
 have been organized by hotel men. For 
 three years, 1896-1897-1898, he was president 
 of the Rocky Mountain Hotel Men's Associ- 
 ation; in 1907-1908, president of the Benver 
 Hotel Association; and, in 1909, president 
 of the Western Hotel Men's Protective Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 In 1910, Mr. Button was one of the or- 
 ganizers of the American Hotel Protective 
 Association, of which he was president, 1910- 
 1911. This Association has offices in Chicago, 
 New York, Benver, San Francisco, and At- 
 lanta, Georgia. The object of this associ- 
 ation is to warn hotels against dead-beats 
 and crooks and to apprehend and convict 
 such crooks and it has already accomplished 
 effective work, in protecting the leading 
 hotels of the country against those who 
 would ''beat" their bills or otherwise de- 
 fraud the hostelry. 
 
 He married Miss Jessie Breese of Chi- 
 cago. Their children are : Eva Alice and 
 Winifred Wilson Button. 
 
 401 
 
JAMES NEVILLE CALDWELL 
 
 -402- 
 
JAMES NEVILLE CALDWELL. 
 
 ALDWELL, JAMES NEVILLE, mining, 
 born in Laramie, Wyoming, November 
 18, 1876, was the son of Isaac Philip and 
 Sarah Margaret (Frame) Caldwell. His 
 father was one of the pioneers of Wyoming, 
 settling there in early .territorial days, and 
 was one of the founders of that now rap- 
 idly growing state. He was a banker and 
 an attorney in Laramie City. He organized 
 and was president of the Albany County 
 National Bank of Laramie. Together with 
 Hon. C. D. Clark, now of the United 
 States Senate, and Mr. William W. Cor- 
 lett of Cheyenne, he was appointed by the 
 president to draft the original laws- that 
 were adopted by the legislature. His father 
 was for several terms a member of the Wyo- 
 ming legislature, also one of its presiding 
 officers, and has also served as mayor of 
 Laramie. In the financial, political and in- 
 dustrial history of Wyoming, his name was 
 a prominent factor. His wife, who was Miss 
 Sarah Margaret Frame, was of the well 
 known Catlett family. She was born in Cat- 
 lettsburg, Kentucky, and her father was a 
 large plantation owner. 
 
 James N. Caldwell, the son, and subject 
 of this sketch, after receiving his earlier edu- 
 cation in the public schools, then attended 
 the University of Wyoming. He did not com- 
 plete his studies at the university. After 
 
 his third year at that institution, the fam- 
 ily removed to Denver, and he did not again 
 resume his studies. 
 
 Mr. Caldwell now became interested in 
 mining, and began prospecting and looking 
 about for himself. In this way, he obtained 
 a mining property at Central City, in Gilpin 
 county, which he has developed and oper- 
 ated with marked success. With offices and 
 residence in Denver, he organized this prop- 
 erty into the Gilpin-Eureka Mining Com- 
 pany, of which he became the treasurer and 
 general manager. This mining interest is 
 a gold, silver and lead proposition, that has 
 netted handsome returns. The company has 
 been operating this mining interest three or 
 four years, with an extensive milling plant 
 and is well equipped with machinery. The 
 mine occupies a unique position^ in that one- 
 half of the property is within the townsite 
 of Central City. The company employs 
 about twenty-five men. He has also been 
 engaged in stock raising in Wyoming, and 
 other enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Caldwell married in Kansas City, 
 May 27, 1908, Miss Ada Laura McAtee. 
 
 Both in Wyoming and Colorado, he and 
 his father have materially aided in the build- 
 ing up of two of the great states of the* 
 Rocky Mountain region. 
 
 403 
 
HENRY JOSEPH STEPHENS 
 
 404 
 
HENRY JOSEPH STEPHENS. 
 
 OTEPHENS, HENRY JOSEPH, financier 
 ^ and real estate, son of Henry J., Sr., and 
 Ann M. (Morrison) Stephens, was born No- 
 vember 10, 1848, in Somerset, Pennsylvania. 
 His father, born January, 1824, died June 
 16, 1884, was, prior to the civil war in 1861, 
 a member of the banking house of Wall, 
 Stephens & Company, Washington, D. C., 
 and Richmond, Virginia. His mother was 
 the daughter of William H. and Jane Mor- 
 rison. 
 
 His ancestors were distinguished in the 
 colonial era of the south and during the 
 period of the states. William Stephens, his 
 American progenitor, born in the Isle of 
 Wight, 1671, and lieutenant-governor of the 
 island, settled in Charleston, South Caro- 
 lina, in 1730. The Stephenses were one of 
 the old and established families of the Isle of 
 Wight and distinguished in its history. The 
 branch founded by William Stephens in the 
 southern colonies also became illustrious in 
 American history. William Stephens, the 
 first American ancestor, removed from 
 Charleston to Georgia, of which he was pro- 
 vincial governor from 1743 to 1750. Alex- 
 ander H. Stephens, of this same family, was 
 a member of congress from Georgia for 
 twenty years and vice-president of the 
 Southern Confederacy from 1861 to 1865. 
 
 Henry J. Stephens, the subject of this 
 sketch, was educated in the high school, 
 Dixon, Illinois, and Dixon University, but 
 did not graduate, as he started out early in 
 life to make his own way in the world. He 
 first engaged in business at Dixon, Illinois, 
 in 1870, continuing there until 1880. In 
 March, the latter year, he removed to Colo- 
 rado, locating at Alma, this state. In 1881 
 he entered upon his successful business ca- 
 
 reer in Denver, in real estate and invest- 
 ments, and became connected with large and 
 affiliated interests. His activities in real es- 
 tate, loans, investments, commercial and 
 banking interests opened a field adapted to 
 his genius and skill as a promotor and or- 
 ganizer. Within a short time he became 
 one of the prominent business men of the 
 city. Mr. Stephens was president of the 
 Denver Loan & Trust Company from 1888 
 to 1891. From 1898 to the present time he 
 has been president of the Denver Abstract & 
 Title Company; and from 1892 has also been 
 president of the Stephens Investment & 
 Trust Company, investment bankers, and 
 still holds that position. Mr. Stephens in- 
 corporated his present business in 1892, with 
 a capital of $200,000, and now (1911), with 
 the capital fully paid, the company has 
 $450,000 in surplus and undivided profits. 
 These figures speak for themselves of the 
 successful administration of the affairs of 
 the Stephens Investment & Trust Company; 
 and the other interests with which Mr. 
 Stephens is affiliated show a similar growth 
 and prosperous condition. This investment 
 and trust company deals in real estate, in- 
 vestments, bonds, general securities and first 
 mortgage loans. Mr. Stephens has also been 
 identified with the mining industry, more es- 
 pecially in Park county, and also at Central 
 City. He has accomplished all that makes 
 the successful business man. He is a Master 
 Mason, Knight Templar and Shriner. 
 
 Mr. Stephens married, first, in June, 
 1881, at Port Bryon, Illinois, Hattie, daugh- 
 ter of Nathaniel P. Darrance. She died in 
 November, 1883. He married, second, Sep- 
 tember 24, 1888, Alice S. Roberts. He has 
 two children : Clarence E. and Harold H. 
 Stephens. 
 
 105 
 
LUTHER M. GODDARD 
 
LUTHER M. GODDARD. 
 
 ODDARD, LUTHER M., lawyer and jur- 
 1st (late justice of the Supreme Court 
 of Colorado), born in Palmyra, Wayne coun- 
 ty, New York, son of Edwin P. (farmer and 
 miller), and Mariah (Filmore) Goddard, a 
 second cousin of the renowned statesman, 
 Millard Filmore. Removing to Abingdon, 
 Illinois, in 1854, Edwin P. Goddard engaged 
 in the lumber business and, later, at Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, where he died in 1866. 
 
 Luther M. Goddard received his early 
 education in the common schools of Pal- 
 myra. Afterward and for six years he at- 
 tended the Hedding College at Abingdon. 
 He commenced the sudy of law at Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, in 1862; entered the Chi- 
 cago Law School in 1864, graduating with 
 the honor of valedictorian of his class in 
 1865; admitted to the bar by the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois in June of the same year; 
 returned to Leavenworth and entered upon 
 the practice of his profession. At an early 
 day he began his unusual career of official 
 preferment, both in politics and within the 
 province of his profession. For two years, 
 at Leavenworth, he was deputy county at- 
 torney, under Judge Brewer, late of the 
 United States Supreme Court, and for two 
 successive terms Judge Goddard served as 
 county attorney, by election. In the fall of 
 1871 he was elected a member of the Kan- 
 sas legislature, where he introduced the bill 
 and was among the earliest advocates of 
 equal suffrage. In 1878 he came to Colo- 
 rado, first locating at Leadville, where he 
 engaged in mining, in addition to his legal 
 practice. In 1882 he was elected judge of 
 the district court and re-elected in 1888. In 
 1892 he received the nomination of the Pop- 
 ulist and Democratic parties and was elected 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Colorado. 
 He remained upon the bench until the expi- 
 ration of his term in 1901, in the meantime 
 permanently establishing his residence in 
 Denver. 
 
 In 1905, when the Supreme Court was 
 reorganized, Judge Goddard was returned 
 to the Supreme Court by appointment from 
 Governor Peabody. During the latter part 
 of his first term on the Supreme bench, Jus- 
 tice Goddard concurred in the decision writ- 
 
 ten by Judge Campbell declaring the eight- 
 hour law, enacted at the preceding session 
 of the legislature, to be unconstitutional. A 
 short time after his appointment by Gover- 
 nor Peabody a dynamite bomb was planted 
 at the gate of Judge Goddard 's residence. 
 This bomb failed to explode, which fact 
 saved the life of the Justice. It was di- 
 vulged by the Orchard confession that this 
 bomb was one of two aimed at the life of 
 the two distinguished members of the Su- 
 preme Court (Goddard and Gabbert) as a 
 retaliation for their concurrence in the 
 eight-hour decision. Having filled out the 
 unexpired term on the Supreme bench, 
 Judge Goddard again returned to the gen- 
 eral practice of the law, and is esteemed as 
 one of the eminent members of the bar in 
 Denver, while he is equally honored all over 
 the state. Judge Goddard served in that 
 high judicial position with the most credit- 
 able ability and his opinions and decisions 
 were uniformly acceptable to the profession 
 and the people. In all matters under his 
 consideration, his duties on the bench were 
 discharged with the acumen and decisive- 
 ness of an able jurist, inspired by a keen 
 sense of justice and a wide comprehension 
 of the law. 
 
 Among his fellow members of bench and 
 bar and in the walks of social life, he is a 
 man of great purity of character and in- 
 tegrity of purpose of genial, kindly nature 
 and attractive personality a man of deep 
 sympathies and a friend of the people. He 
 has the good will and friendship of the 
 multitude in return. In 1880, while living 
 in Leadville, Judge Goddard was elected a 
 member of the School Board and served as 
 president of that body three years. He is a 
 member of the order of Elks, a Mason, a 
 Knight Templar and a member of the Mys- 
 tic Shrine. On Dec. 4, 1911, Judge Goddard 
 was elected president of the Denver Bar As- 
 sociation. 
 
 Judge Goddard married twice, and has 
 four children living: Frank M. Goddard, 
 a lawyer; Irene, the wife of Walter C. Boy- 
 ington of the Detroit Free Press ; Lucile and 
 George, the latter engaged in mining. 
 
 407 
 
PETER J. FRIEDERICH 
 
 408 
 
PETER J. FRIEDERICH. 
 
 FRIEDERICH, PETER J., brewer and 
 financier, son of Peter J. and Mary 
 (Kaiser) Friederich, was born July 25, 
 1863, at Mascoutah, Illinois, and died in 
 Denver, Colorado, May 13, 1911. His pa- 
 rents came from Germany. His father was 
 an officer in the German army and came to 
 America and established a brewery at Mas- 
 coutah, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Friederich 's birthplace was just 
 across the river from St. Louis, and there 
 he spent the first nineteen years of his life. 
 He received a liberal education, attending 
 school in the winter months, but during the 
 summers worked on a farm. He then came 
 west, locating in Denver in 1881. He ob- 
 tained employment for a time as clerk with 
 the Cornforth Commission Company. Later 
 he began to work for Zang's brewery as a 
 collector. Industry, honesty, pleasing ad- 
 dress, together with a social and frank na- 
 ture, were elements, all contributing to his 
 rapid rise in the business life of this large 
 brewing company, and his appointment as 
 assistant general manger in 1889. He con- 
 tinued with the company after the purchase 
 by the English syndicate, and at the time 
 of his death was the city manager for the 
 Ph. Zang Brewing Company. Although not 
 a seeker after public office, yet he was prom- 
 inently identified with city politics, in which 
 he wielded an extensive influence. He was 
 popular in business circles, and his large 
 personal acquaintance made him a potent 
 factor in local politics. 
 
 Mr. Friederich was thrifty as well as in- 
 dustrious and enterprising, and, predicting 
 the future growth of Denver and the state, 
 invested in real estate, and engaged in other 
 ventures that proved most profitable. His 
 
 holdings and investments represented the 
 accumulation of a comfortable fortune, an 
 example of what a young man of good busi- 
 ness capacity may accomplish in the west. 
 Not only in real estate did he acquire valu- 
 able property, but he also became interested 
 in banking and high class securities. 
 
 At the time of his death, in addition to 
 his connection with the Zang brewery he 
 also held the following position* in compa- 
 nies with which he had large interests : vice- 
 president of the Zang Realty and Invest- 
 ment Company; vice-president of the Wei- 
 ton Street Investment Company ; vice-presi- 
 dent of the St. James Investment Company; 
 vice-president of the German-American 
 Trust Company, and vice-president of the 
 Lakeside Realty and Amusement Company. 
 He was thus identified with many and varied 
 interests and was one of the leaders in the 
 business and commercial life of Denver. 
 
 In the fraternal orders aid kindred so- 
 cieties he was prominent and popular, being 
 a member of the following : Shriners, Scot- 
 tish Rite Masons, Elks, Eagles, East Denver 
 Turnverein and other German societies. 
 
 During a long career of thirty years he 
 was connected with the Zang brewery and 
 ably assisted in making that plant one of 
 the largest institutions of the kind in the 
 west. In the many and diversified interests 
 with which his name was associated he was 
 ever found to be a man of sterling integrity, 
 broad business capacity and worthy of the 
 confidence and trust confided to him in many 
 enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Friederich married, in Denver, Miss 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Zang. She 
 died December 7th, 1894, and left surviving 
 one child, a son, named Philip. 
 
 -409 
 
WILLIAM WALLACE ROLLER 
 
 410 
 
WILLIAM WALLACE ROLLER. 
 
 TJOLLER, WILLIAM WALLACE, civil 
 '^ war veteran, merchant, real estate man 
 and one of the upbuilders of Salida, Colo- 
 rado, was born in Lodi, now known as Go- 
 wanda, Erie county, New York, November 
 1, 1841. He comes of sound German stock. 
 His father, John Philip Roller, was a mer- 
 chant before him and was born June 18, 
 1819, and died August 26, 1891. His mother, 
 Eliza Matilda (Seafley) Roller, was born No- 
 vember 23, 1821, and died October 29, 1902. 
 The first member of the Roller family to set- 
 tle in America was John Roller, who came 
 to Erie county, New York, from Grombach, 
 Black Forest, Frunten Stadt, Germany, in 
 1807. When the war between the states 
 broke out, young Roller, just out of his 
 'teens, joined the Army of the Union and 
 fought three years and two months in the 
 Second Corps, Army of the Potomac. He 
 enlisted in the Sixty-fourth Infantry, New 
 York Volunteers, September 7, 1861, and 
 rose from the ranks to a captaincy. He par- 
 ticipated in more than fifty engagements, in- 
 cluding some of the principal battles of the 
 war, and was twice wounded, once at Fair 
 Oaks and again at Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 At the close of the war, Captain Roller 
 resumed his studies preparatory to entering 
 college and attended Dartmouth College, at 
 Hanover, New Hampshire, for two years. 
 He was a member of the class of '70, but left 
 college at the close of his sophomore year. 
 He then entered business, dealing in furni- 
 ture, in Ottawa, Kansas, in 1868, remaining 
 there until the spring of 1874, when he came 
 to this state, resuming the furniture business 
 in Colorado Springs. He resided later for a 
 brief period at Canon City, but since 1880 
 his home has been in Salida, where he en- 
 gaged for a while in the furniture business 
 and then devoted himself to the real estate 
 business, in which he is engaged at the pres- 
 ent time. Captain Roller has been instru- 
 mental in the development of Salida and is 
 a representative citizen in every respect, 
 
 identifying himself with every movement for 
 the betterment of the bustling Colorado 
 town. 
 
 Captain Roller is one of the most prom 
 inent and devoted members of the Masonic 
 fraternity in the State of Colorado. He was 
 made a Mason in Phoenix Lodge, No. 262, 
 New York, in 1865. In 1866 he was made a 
 Royal Arch Mason, in Fornsville Chapter, 
 No. 136, Perrysburg, New York; he was cre- 
 ated a Knight Templar in Canon City Com- 
 mandery, No. 9, Canon City, and a Scottish 
 Rite Mason, Thirty-second degree, Colorado 
 Consistory, in Denver, January 29, 1889. On 
 December 10, of the same year, he entered 
 the Shrine, El Jebel Temple, of Denver. 
 Captain Roller has served as master of Sa- 
 lida Lodge, No. 57, for one year and for two 
 years as High Priest of Salida Chapter, No. 
 17. He has also been honored with the office 
 of Eminent Commander, Salida Command- 
 ery, No. 17 ; Grand High Priest of the Royal 
 Arch Chapter ; and Grand Junior Deacon of 
 the Grand Lodge of the State of Colorado. 
 He has also been Grand Representative in 
 the Grand Chapter for the state of Missouri 
 and in the Grand Lodge for the state of 
 Washington. No member of the order in 
 Colorado is better versed in all that apper- 
 tains to Masonry or has worked harder for 
 its success in all departments of the fra- 
 ternity than Captain Roller. 
 
 Captain Roller has been twice married. 
 His first wife was Claramond M. Hayes, 
 daughter of William Hayes of Ottawa, Kan- 
 sas. He was married February 27, 1871, at 
 Ottawa, and his wife died at Salida, June 
 17, 1883. He has one child by this union 
 living, Arthur Hayes Roller of Idaho 
 Springs. His second marriage was to Nellie 
 H. Arnold, September 24, 1884, at Salida. 
 He has three children by this marriage: 
 Douglas A. Roller, a prominent young at- 
 torney of Denver; Nellie E. Meyer, wife of 
 Joseph Meyer, Jr., of Idaho Springs, and 
 Winfield I. Roller. Captain Roller resides 
 in Salida. 
 
 411 
 
WOLFE LONDONER 
 
 412- 
 
WOLFE LONDONER. 
 
 TONDONER, AVOLFE, Denver grocer, 
 ^ pioneer of Colorado, was born July 4, 
 1848, in New York City, the son of Herman 
 and Rachel Londoner, who came to this 
 country from Germany in 1840. He was 
 educated in the public schools and in the 
 old Mechanics' Institute, in New York, then 
 opposite the city hall. 
 
 When barely in his 'teens, young Lon- 
 doned crossed the plains in an immigrant 
 train and landed in Denver in 1859, one of 
 the first of the hardy pioneers who, by their 
 own efforts, were to carve out an empire 
 in the Rocky Mountain region. 
 
 In those days mere boys were called 
 upon to do a man's work, and young Lon- 
 doner was no exception. Responsibilities 
 were thrust upon him and as time pro- 
 gressed his field of operations constantly ex- 
 tended. He had gone into the employ of 
 Hanauer, Dold & Company, government con- 
 tractors and was stationed first at their Den- 
 ver store. In 1860, he was sent to Canon 
 City, where he built the first stone ware- 
 house in that section of Colorado. From that 
 place he went to California Gulch, upon the 
 site of which later sprang the magic city 
 of Leadville. Here he remained three years. 
 He was then sixteen years of age. A St. 
 Louis merchant who had watched the mental 
 growth of the youth backed his confidence 
 in the young pioneer's honesty and ability 
 by staking him to a trainload of goods, and 
 in 1864 he accompanied the train across the 
 plains and opened his store in Denver. 
 
 From the very first he was successful and 
 the store of Wolfe Londoner became known 
 throughout the state for square dealing and 
 honest values. When Leadville sprang into 
 being he was quick to see the possibilities in 
 the new camp, and established a branch of 
 his Denver house. The Leadville store was 
 maintained during the years of the Cloud 
 City's greatest activities. 
 
 In 1884, Mr. Londoner built the block on 
 
 Arapahoe street, which bears his name, and 
 moved his business into the new location, 
 where it has been established ever, since. 
 
 While giving the strictest attention to 
 the details of his private business, Mr. Lon- 
 doner showed himself at all times to be a 
 public-spirited citizen, keenly, alive to the 
 duties and responsibilities of. citizenship. He- 
 has been honored many times with positions 
 of trust and to these was ever faithful. 
 
 While still a boy under the legal age, he 
 was made the first treasurer of Fremont 
 county. When he arrived at California 
 Gulch and the prospectors and miners of that 
 district resolved upon a form of government, 
 they selected him for the position of clerk 
 and recorder. Later, he was made chair- 
 man of the board of county commissioners. 
 
 He has served the citizens of Denver in 
 several public offices. He was a member of 
 the board of county commissioners when 
 the court house was built, and all the moneys 
 for construction of that edifice passed 
 through his hands. It is his proud and justi- 
 fiable boast that in an age of graft there 
 was not a dollar stolen or misspent on this 
 work. The citizens of Arapahoe county got 
 value received for every dollar of expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 The reputation he made for himself 
 through these years of public and private 
 life prompted the people of Denver to call 
 him to the mayoralty, and he served as exec- 
 utive head of the city government during 
 1889, 1890 and 1891. He had been elected 
 alderman in 1868. 
 
 Mr. Londoner is prominent in Masonic 
 circles, and was one of the organizers of 
 the Festival of Mountain and Plain. 
 
 He married in 1878 Fannie B. Anthony 
 of Denver. One son, Herman, and three 
 daughters, Fannie B., wife of E. R. Corning, 
 engineer of the Boston Subway, Ruth 
 Frances and Dorothy Jane, were born to 
 them. 
 
GEORGE W. BOWEN. 
 
 "DO WEN, GEORGE W., capitalist, born in 
 Centerville, Iowa, April 8, 1866, was the 
 son of Charles Willard (born March 6, 1838, 
 died July 18, 1902) and Anna W. (Boyles) 
 Bowen. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native town, and then started 
 out to make his own way in the world. He 
 is a self made man, rising to prominence in 
 business through his own energy and enter- 
 prise, until now he is at the head of many of 
 the leading industries of the state. He came 
 to Colorado in 1887, and became connected 
 with the Colorado Supply Company at Rouse, 
 in 1889. He remained in its employ, being a 
 subsidiary company of the Colorado Fuel & 
 Iron Company, until 1895. From 1895, until 
 1903, he was in the service of the Colorado 
 Fuel & Iron Company and some of its sub- 
 sidiary corporations. Since 1903, he has been 
 connected with the Victor-American Fuel 
 Company and its predecessors. 
 
 Step by step from one field of enterprise 
 to another, he has risen in the Colorado busi- 
 
 ness world, until now he is president of the 
 following companies: 
 
 The Victor-American Fuel Company. 
 
 The Colorado & Southeastern Railroad 
 Company. 
 
 The Western Stores Company. 
 
 The American Fuel Company. 
 
 The Mountain Telegraph Company. 
 
 The Victor-American Power Company. 
 
 The Redstone Marble Company. 
 
 The Minnequa Town Company. 
 
 The Wallace Mining Company. 
 
 The Victor Fuel Company. 
 
 He married, Nov. 24, 1903, in New York 
 City, Helen, daughter of William Hicks, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. They have one child, 
 Willard Osgood Bowen. 
 
 At one time Mr. Bowen resided in Pueblo, 
 Colorado, but now makes Denver his home. 
 He is a member of the Denver Club, Denver 
 Country Club, Traffic Club, and the Rocky 
 Mountain Club, New York City. 
 
WILLIAM JOHN ROTHWELL, M. D. 
 
 OTHWELL, WILLIAM JOHN, M. D., 
 horn in Gloucester Township, near Ot- 
 tawa, Canada, was the son or Thomas, 
 farmer (1808-1896), and Catherine (Tomp- 
 kins) Rothwell. The Roth well family is of 
 English origin, but removed to Ireland, 
 where his grandfather, Benjamin Rothwell, 
 engaged in farming, in the county of Wex- 
 ford, and in 1800 immigrated to Canada. 
 Locating with his family, near Ottawa, On- 
 tario, he resumed his occupation as a farmer. 
 Benjamin Rothwell also held some govern- 
 ment position in the building of the Rideau 
 Canal, and both he and his son, Thomas, 
 participated in the suppression of McKen- 
 zie's rebellion, in 1837. Catherine, wife of 
 Thomas Rothwell, and daughter of Peter 
 and Nancy (Carter) Tompkins, was born 
 near the Vale of Avoca, Ireland. Her father 
 was a farmer, but removed with his family 
 to Canada in an early day. Six sons and 
 three daughters comprised the family of 
 Thomas and Catherine Rothwell, and of 
 which Dr. William J. was one. Two brothers, 
 E. J. and P. D. (q. v.), both graduates of 
 the medical department of the University of 
 Michigan, became practicing physicians in 
 Denver; Benjamin, an educator in Canada, 
 and two other brothers, Samuel and Thomas, 
 farmers, there. 
 
 Dr. William J. Rothwell, at the age of 
 thirteen, accompanied the family to Listo- 
 well, County Perth, Ontario, where he at- 
 tended the common schools, and later pre- 
 pared for college at Rockwood, Canada. In 
 1869, he entered the medical department of 
 the University of Michigan, but was com- 
 
 pelled, for lack of funds, to discontinue his 
 studies there, at the end of the year. In 
 1870, he went to Idaho, and was appointed 
 principal of the Idaho City school, continu- 
 ing in same for two years, also studying 
 medicine, as time would permit. He entered 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 
 1872, from which he was graduated in 1873, 
 with the degree of M. D., and took a post- 
 graduate course at Bellevue Medical College, 
 New York. While in Boise county, Idaho, 
 he was superintendent of education from 
 1881 to 1887. 
 
 He began the practice of medicine with 
 Dr. Pease, at Menominee, Wisconsin. In 
 1887, he came to Denver, and also became as- 
 sociated with the Gross Medical College, in 
 which he was professor of chemistry and, 
 later, of neurology, then of medicine in the 
 Denver-Gross Medical College, and is now 
 professor of medicine in the medical depart- 
 ment of the University of Colorado. 
 
 Dr. Rothwell is a contributor to medical 
 journals ; is a member of the American Med- 
 ical Association, and the Denver Medical 
 Society, of which he was president in 1904, 
 and is a prominent Mason. 
 
 He married, at Idaho City, Idaho, Octo- 
 ber 8, 1874, Miss Clara Galbraith, born in 
 Shasta, California, daughter of Stephen Gal- 
 braith, a native of Hamilton, Ontario, and 
 a '49er in California. They have four sons, 
 all living: William Herbert, M. D., Salt 
 Lake City ; Matthew Thomas, M. D., Tellu- 
 ride; Walter Peter, and Stephen Gainsford. 
 A daughter, Anna, died in infancy. 
 
PETER D. ROTHWELL, M. D. 
 
 OTHWELL, PETER D., M. D., born in 
 Gloucester Township, Ontario, near 
 Ottawa, Canada, March 5, 1849, is the son 
 of Thomas, born March 10, 1809, died Janu- 
 ary 19, 1896, and Catherine (Tompkins) 
 Rothwell. He is of Anglo-Irish descent. His 
 grandfather, Benjamin Rothwell, came from 
 County Wexford, Ireland, to Ottawa, Can- 
 ada. Dr. Roth well's father and grand- 
 father made the first brick in Ottawa. They 
 were prominent in assisting to suppress the 
 McKenzie rebellion. 
 
 When Dr. Rothwell was five years of age, 
 his father's family moved to what was then 
 known as "Queen's Bush," a term that was 
 applied to that part of Ontario, comprised 
 in the County of Perth, and those adjoin- 
 ing. There his father established a new 
 home. Having obtained a good English edu- 
 cation, he began teaching when but little 
 more than fifteen, in the fall of 1864. After 
 teaching two or three years, he entered the 
 Normal School in Toronto, from which he 
 was graduated in 1867. Then, after resum- 
 ing the profession of a teacher for nearly 
 five years in Canada, he was engaged by 
 Bishop Tuttle of Salt Lake City, to take 
 charge of the St. Michael Parish school, at 
 Boise, Idaho, which he opened September 
 4, 1871. He was at the head of this school 
 four years, his vacations being occupied in 
 surveying. Having become thrifty and 
 saving, he loaned his spare earnings to one 
 who became a bankrupt. Thus, at the very 
 time that he was intending to begin the 
 study of medicine, he was compelled to re- 
 sume his work as a teacher, obtaining a posi- 
 tion at Baker City, Oregon. His vacations 
 were spent in mining. Returning from Baker 
 City, and while teaching in Idaho, he stud- 
 ied medicine with his brother, Dr. W. J. 
 Rothwell, now of Denver, but then a resi- 
 dent of Placerville, Idaho. In 1879, he 
 entered the University of Michigan, from 
 
 which he received his degree of M. D. in 1881, 
 being the historian of his class, which num- 
 bered ninety-nine. During his college course, 
 he spent his vacations in the study of medi- 
 cine with his brother, Dr. E. J. Rothwell, of 
 Ithaca, New York. While residing in Can- 
 ada, he had also served as a volunteer and a 
 private in Ontario, in the Twenty-eighth 
 battalion. 
 
 Dr. Rothwell came to Denver in 1881. 
 He makes a specialty of diseases of the kid- 
 neys. Unsolicited, there came to him the 
 appointment by President Cleveland, as pen- 
 sion examiner. He was one of the organ- 
 izers of the Gross Medical College. Dr. 
 Rothwell wrote a pamphlet on the Colorado 
 climate, correcting errors prevalent in the 
 east, as to the effect of this climate on cer- 
 tain diseases. He also wrote a pamphlet on 
 "Oxygen as Therapeutic Agent;" also in- 
 vented a valuable apparatus now employed 
 in its manufacture and use. 
 
 In 1871, he joined the Independent Order 
 Odd Fellows, of which he is Past Grand and 
 Veteran. In 1891, he became a member of 
 the Ancient Order of United Workmen, of 
 which he is Past Master Workman. He is 
 a member of the Chamber of Commerce, 
 American Medical Association, Colorado 
 State Medical Society, and the city and 
 county societies, and is a vestryman of St. 
 Peter's church. 
 
 Dr. Rothwell, after passing through the 
 many vicissitudes and hardships from Can- 
 ada to Nome, Alaska, and the Rocky Moun- 
 tain region of the United States, has become 
 one of the self-made men of the west, and 
 has attained a high position in the practice 
 of his profession. 
 
 Dr. Rothwell married in Denver, Colo- 
 rado, in October, 1885, Mrs. Bishop, nee Miss 
 Rosalie King, who died in February, 1906. 
 In January, 1907, he married Mrs. Houghton, 
 nee Miss Carie V. Wier. 
 
Acknowledgments 
 
 In the preparation of this volume reference was made to, and acknowledgement is hereby 
 made and credit given the following publications: 
 
 HISTORY OF COLORADO, 
 By General Frank Hall. 
 
 HISTORY OF COLORADO, 
 By William N. Byers. 
 
 HISTORY OF DENVER, 
 By Jerome C. Smiley. 
 
 HISTORICAL WORKS OF 
 H. H. Bancroft. 
 
 THE MAKING OF COLORADO, 
 By Eugene Parsons. 
 
 DENVER AND VICINITY. 
 HISTORY OF DENVER. 
 
 HISTORY OF CLEAR CREEK AND BOULDER 
 VALLEYS, COLORADO. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE ARKANSAS VALLEY, COLO- 
 RADO. 
 
 THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES. 
 MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY. 
 
 NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA OF AMERICAN BI- 
 OGRAPHY. 
 
 WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA. 
 WHO'S WHO IN FINANCE. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF NORTH AMER- 
 ICAN INDIANS, 
 
 By Samuel G. Drake. 
 
 COLONIAL RECORDS. 
 FAMILY GENEALOGIES. 
 PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 
 NEWSPAPER FILES. 
 
 Photographs by 
 
 Barton J. Holyer, 
 The Kirkland Studio, 
 B. S. Hopkins. 
 
 417 
 
INT>EX TO BIOGRATHIES 
 
 Page 
 
 Adams, Alva 76 
 
 Alexander, Hugh John 212 
 
 Argall, Philip 234 
 
 Ashley, Eli Melville 244 
 
 Bartels, Gustave Charles 364 
 
 Earth, William 180 
 
 Beaman, David Crichton 272 
 
 Bennett, Horace Wilson 224 
 
 Berger, William B 228 
 
 Best, John David 174 
 
 Blackmer, Henry Myron 186 
 
 Blayney, William Nassau Walker 306 
 
 Blood, James Herbert 382 
 
 Boettcher, Charles 150 
 
 Bowen, George W 414 
 
 Bowen, Thomas M 106 
 
 Bridaham, Lester Burbank 348 
 
 Briggs, Frank Newton 252 
 
 Brown, Henry Cordes 176 
 
 Brown, James Henry 330 
 
 Brown, James Joseph 262 
 
 Brown, James Sidney 222 
 
 Brown, Junius Flagg 168 
 
 Brunton, David William -. . 220 
 
 Buchtel, Henry Augustus 92 
 
 Byers, William Newton 368 
 
 Page 
 
 Eaton, Benjamin Harrison 74 
 
 Eicholtz, Leonard Henry 264 
 
 Elbert, Samuel Hitt 66 
 
 Elliott, Ezra Taylor 394 
 
 Evans, John 58 
 
 Field, Edward Bell 326 
 
 Fisher, William Garrett 124 
 
 Flower, John Sebastian 316 
 
 Foster, John M'Ewen, M. D 336 
 
 Franklin, Charles Wesley 242 
 
 Friederich, Peter J 408 
 
 Friedman, William Sterne (Rabbi) 396 
 
 Gaylord, Paul B. 378 
 
 Gilluly, Joseph William 270 
 
 Gilmore, Rodelphus Howard 296 
 
 Gilpin, William 56 
 
 Goddard, Luther M 406 
 
 Goldsborough, Winder Elwell 196 
 
 Good, John 236 
 
 Goodell, Roswell Eaton 268 
 
 Grant, James Benton 72 
 
 Guggenheim, Meyer 172 
 
 Guggenheim, Simon 112 
 
 Guiterman, Franklin 164 
 
 Gunter, Julius Caldeen 250 
 
 Caldwell, James Neville 402 
 
 Campion, John Francis 156 
 
 Carlin, Patrick Vincent, M.D 388 
 
 Cass, Alfred Curtis 130 
 
 Cass, Oscar David, M.D 218 
 
 Cass, Oscar David, Jr 322 
 
 Chaffee, Jerome B 98 
 
 Chappell, Delos Allen 146 
 
 Cheesman, Walter Scott 134 
 
 Chilcott, George M 102 
 
 Childs, Samuel Beresford, M. D 342 
 
 Cooper, Job Adams 78 
 
 Coors, Adolph Herman Joseph 258 
 
 Cornforth, Arthur 398 
 
 Crebbin, Alfred 338 
 
 Cummings, Alexander 60 
 
 Curtis, Leonard Eager 246 
 
 Curtis, Rodney 188 
 
 Cuthbert, Lucius Montrose 194 
 
 Downing, Warwick Miller 334 
 
 Dutton, Samuel Frederick 400 
 
 Hall, Josiah Newhall, M. D 332 
 
 Hallack, Charles 136 
 
 Hallack, Erastus F 190 
 
 Hallett, Moses 120 
 
 Harrison, William B 294 
 
 Hayt, Charles Denison 118 
 
 Helm, Joseph Church llo 
 
 Hill, Crawford 280 
 
 Hill, Nathaniel Peter 100 
 
 Hodges, W T illiam V 312 
 
 Hughes, Charles James, Jr 114 
 
 Humphreys, Albert Edmund 292 
 
 Hunt, Alexander Cameron 62 
 
 Iliff, John Wesley 282 
 
 Irby, John St. John 380 
 
 James, Harry C 344 
 
 James, William Henry 202 
 
 Johnson, Charles Alfred 266 
 
 Johnson, Charles Scott 138 
 
 Joslin, John Jay 208 
 
 418 
 
Page 
 
 Kassler, Edward Stebbins 374 
 
 Kassler, George W 284 
 
 Kilpatrick, James G 288 
 
 Kountze, Charles Brewer 152 
 
 Kuner, Maximilian 256 
 
 Kuykendall, John Montgomery 308 
 
 Leonard, William Henry 356 
 
 Lewis, Aaron Dennison 290 
 
 Londoner, Wolfe 412 
 
 Loveland, Francis William 390 
 
 Loveland, William Austin Hamilton 278 
 
 Lyman, Charles Baldwin, M. D 310 
 
 Maxwell, John Mills 200 
 
 McCook, Edward Moody 64 
 
 McCullough, George 392 
 
 McDermott, George Lawrence, M. D 298 
 
 McDonald, Jesse Fuller 90 
 
 Mclntire, Albert Washington 82 
 
 McKinnie, James Renwick 206 
 
 McNeil, John Lloyd 184 
 
 Mears, Otto 232 
 
 Meek, Channing Frank 214 
 
 Minium, Abram Emerson 300 
 
 Mitchell, John Clark 352 
 
 Moff at, David Halliday 128 
 
 Moffat, Frederick Gowie 304 
 
 Morey, Chester Stephen 132 
 
 Morgan, Edward Broadbent 372 
 
 Morgan, Samuel B 314 
 
 Mullen, James Kernan 154 
 
 Neef, Frederick Fredolin 260 
 
 Newton, Whitney 170 
 
 Nicholson, Samuel Danforth 240 
 
 Orahood, Harper M 210 
 
 Orman, James Bradley 86 
 
 Osgood, John Cleveland 227 
 
 Owen, William Roland 162 
 
 Parker, Alexis du Pont 140 
 
 Patterson, Thomas MacDonald 110 
 
 Peabody, James Hamilton 88 
 
 Penrose, Spencer 204 
 
 Phipps, Lawrence Cowle 142 
 
 Pitkin, Frederick Walter 70 
 
 Pitkin, Robert James 386 
 
 Porter, Henry M 366 
 
 Potter, Thomas Hale. . 230 
 
 Page 
 
 Ravenscroft, William Thornburg 354 
 
 Roller, William Wallace 410 
 
 Rothwell, Peter D., M. D 416 
 
 Rothwell, William John, M. D 415 
 
 Routt, John Long 68 
 
 Schenck, Charles Meigs 248 
 
 Schirmer, Godfrey 238 
 
 Seerie, David Duff 254 
 
 Shafroth, John Franklin 94 
 
 Sheedy, Dennis 126 
 
 Smith, Milton 340 
 
 Speer, Robert Walter 362 
 
 Springer, John Wallace 358 
 
 Springer, William Melville 376 
 
 Stearns, Thomas Beale 346 
 
 Steele, Robert W 54 
 
 Steele, Robert Wilbur 286 
 
 Stephens, Henry Joseph 404 
 
 Swallow, George Ransom 302 
 
 Symes, George Gifford 370 
 
 Tabor, Horace Austin Warner 104 
 
 Teller, Henry Moore 96 
 
 Thatcher, Joseph Addison 122 
 
 Thomas, Charles Spalding 84 
 
 Toll, Charles Hansen 182 
 
 Tritch, George 276 
 
 Vaile, Joel Frederick 144 
 
 Vaille, Frederick Ozni 198 
 
 Waite, Davis Hansen 80 
 
 Walsh, Thomas F 328 
 
 Warren, Henry White (Bishop) 274 
 
 Waterman, Charles W 166 
 
 Welborn, Jesse Floyd 179 
 
 Welch, Charles Clark 148 
 
 Welch, Charles Clark, Jr. 318 
 
 Whitted, Elmer Ellsworth 350 
 
 Wight, Frederick Dearborn 324 
 
 Wilkins, James Herbert 360 
 
 Williams, Edward Wynne 216 
 
 Wilson, Andrew Duncan 320 
 
 Wolcott, Edward Oliver 108 
 
 Wolcott, Henry Roger 158 
 
 Wood, Samuel Newell 160 
 
 Yeaman, Caldwell 192 
 
 Young, Francis Crissey .' 384 
 
 419- 
 
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