OF THE PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, DURING THE 7 1861-65, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS AND A COMPLETE RECORD OF EACH OFFICER AND ENLISTED MAN. PREPARED AT THE RBQUS8T OF THE BEQIMBNT, HY .MAJOR NINETY-SEVENTH PA. VOLS AND HUE VET COLONEL. U. S. VOLS. ILLUSTRATED WITH STEEL PORTRAIT ENGRAVINGS AND WOOD CUTS. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR FOU THE SUBSCRIBERS. 1875. E 5 .5 ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS. IN THE YEAR 1875, BY ISAIAH PRICE, IN THE OFFICE OF THB LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON. PRINTERS, No. 23 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia. CONTENTS. PREFACE, 3. INTRODUCTORY CORRESPONDENCE, 6. IN WAR TIME, 8. DEDICATORY, 9. CHAPTER I Organization of companies and company promotions, 11; Co. A, 13; Co. B, 20; Co. C, 24; Co. D, 37; Co. E, 44; Co. F, 47; Co. G, 51; Co. H, 55; Co. I, 62; Co. K, 65; Guss Fencibles Band, 69; Independent Company, 70. CHAPTER II. Camp Wayne progress in organization, 71; correspondence in regard to legislative action, 72; drill and duties in camp interest of citizens, 77; official visit of Gov. Curtin and staff, 78; flag presentation, 79; the Governor s speech, 80; reply by Col. Guss and Adjt. Carruthers, 82; marching orders, 83; departure from Camp Wayne ovation from citizens at West Chester, 84; Philadelphia Cooper Shop and Union Refreshment Saloons greetings at Chester and Wilmington, 85; Baltimore Washington Camp II. Jones Brooke, 86; new Springfield rifles return to Baltimore, 87; Fortress Monroe, Va., 88; Camp Hamilton, 89; drill and picket duty, 90; firing by the enemy at Sewell s Point a winter morning in camp, 91; the first discharges and the first death in the regiment, 92; October to December, 1861. CHAPTER III. Department of the South marching orders, 93; voyage to Port Royal, S. C. storm at sea, 94; Hilton Head hospitality of 76lh P. V., 95; assigned to Gen. II. G. Wright s brigade, 96; advance at Port Royal Ferry, 97; detail for re cruiting service expedition to Warsaw Sound, Ga., 98; Tybee Island and siege of Fort Pulaski, 99; death in the regiment, 101; operations on the coast of Florida capture of Fort Clinch and occupation of Fernandina, 104; capture and occupation of Jacksonville, May port and St. Augustine, 105; defensive operations at Jackson ville night attack and capture of outposts by the enemy their repulse and loss a rebel colonel and flag of truce, 106; reconnoissance by the 97th P. V. Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman relieved of command of department by Maj. Gen. David Hunter evacuation of Jacksonville, 107; return to Fernandina and to Hilton HeaU, 108: muster of officers by order of Gen. Hunter Gen. Wright s brigade ordered to Edisto hospitality of 55th P. V. inspection and review, 109; resignations and discharges preparation for an advance, 110; December, 1861, to June, 1862. CHAPTER IV. Gen. Hunter s advance troops cross to John s Island, 111; the march to Live Oak Point rebel cavalry scouts fire upon Co. B the march through mud and rain to Legareeville, 112; recruiting party rejoin regiment reconnoissance by 97th P. V. and skirmish with the enemy the wounded and prisoners captured thanks of Gen. Wright, 113; occupation of James Island the detachment at Le gareeville, 114; position of forces on James Island enemy intrenched at Seces- sionville and other points, 115; 97th P. V. on picket enemy shell the lines their skirmishers fired upon action at Grimball s Plantation, 116; the position and forces engaged Col. Guss in command his coolness and judgment in arranging the troops for action, 117; desperate attempts of the enemy to break the lines their repulse the loss on both sides, 118; accounts of the action, 120; severity of picket duty a night attack, 121; the casualties, 123; action at Secessionville, 124; a desperate assault and unsuccessful result the 97th P. V. cover the retreat con gratulations from the troops and thanks of Gen. Benham, 125; Col. Williams letter to Gov. Curtin congratulatory order to the troops, 126; commissions and promotions recapitulation of duty evacuation of James and Edisto Islands. 128; June to July 16, 1862. M208965 IV CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. Return to Hilton Head encamp outside the stockade, 130; Col. Guss in command of post other officers on post duty, 131; review of troops by Maj. Gen. Hunter picket duty on Broad River, 132; muster out of the band sword pre sentation to Col. Guss, 133; Gen. Hunter relieved of command of department by Brig. Gen. John M. Branuan, U. S. V. second detail for recruiting service Maj. Gen. O. M. Mitchel assigned to command of department, 134; active operations commenced Gen. Mitchel s visit to the regiment, 135; camp at Spanish Wells, 136; Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry assigned to command of brigade, 137; congestive and yellow fever deaths in regiment action at Pocotaligo, 139; death of Gen. Mitchel Gen. Brannan resumes command, 140; death and burial of Lieut. Morton, 141; removal to St. Helena Island, 143; Thanksgiving Day at Fort Pulaski, 144; Christmas Day at St. Helena regiment returns to Hilton Head Maj. Gen. Hunter again in command of department, 145; inspection and review of regiment detail on duty at Braddock s Point arrival of additional troops, 146; remains of Lieut. Gardner and Priv. McKinly, of Co. C, sent home for burial, 147; boat drill by troops detachment on duty at Paris Island, 148; a ballad of Paris Island, 149; theatrical performances rebel raid and capture at signal station, Spanish Wells, 150; night march of 97th P. V., 151; July, 1862, to April, 1863. CHAPTER VI. Second expedition against Charleston Col. Guss assigned to command of brigade, 152; Folly Island, Hilton Head and Edisto, 153; regiment transferred to Gen. Stevenson s brigade at Seabrook Col. Guss in command of troops at Botany Bay Island, 154; enemy attack pickets at Seabrook, 157; reoccupation of James Island, 158; operations on Folly Island, 159; assault and capture of the enemy s works on Morris Island, 161; Gen. Terry s operations on James Island, 162; action at Stevens Landing, 163; evacuation of James Island, 164; Morris Island first assault on Fort Wagner, 166; preliminary siege operations, 167; second assault on Fort Wagner, 168; repulse gathering up the wounded, 174; statement of casualties, 176; the hospitals and Miss Clara Barton, 177; further siege operations, 178; batteries erected, 180; flag of truce exchange of prisoners, 182; arrival of reinforcements Ool. Guss in command of 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps, 183; attack of enemy upon picket boats in Light House Creek, in charge of Capt. Paine, 100th N. Y., and Lieut. H. Odiorne, Co. D, 97th P. V. Privs. Eyre and Russell killed, and Sapp wounded, 184; Swamp Angel Battery, 185; bombardment of Fort Sumter, 187; effect of bombardment, 188; Gen. Gillmore demands the surrender of Forts Wagner and Sumter to avoid a bombardment of Charleston, 189; the Swamp Angel opens on the city the effect described by a Charleston paper, 189; enemy charge upon the sappers and miners and are repulsed men of the 97th P. V. wounded, 190; 97th P. V. advance and engage the enemy s pickets- charge of 24th Mass, upon the enemy, at the sand ridge, supported by the 97th P. V. capture of the enemy s line and entire force in the trenches the fifth and last parallel torpedoes and narrow escape of Capt. Walker, 1st N. Y. Engs., 191; continued bombardment of Fort Sumter and its effect, 192; incidents of the siege, 194; arrangements for a final assault, 198; Forts Wagner and Gregg occupied, 199; complimentary order of Gen. Gillmore to the troops, 204; review of the forces at Morris Island, 205; recapitulation of duty, 206; April 1 to October 1, 1863. CHAPTER VII. Departure from Morris Island, 209; Fernandina, Fla., 210; details for post duty, 212; hospitality of naval officers at post, 216; conscripts assigned to regiment, 218; visitors and social interest inland excursions, 221; Thanksgiving Day observances, 222; salute in honor of Grant s victories, 223; desertion of sub stitutes and arrests, 224; Christmas festivities, 225; visit of Gen. Gillmore, 228; exe cution of deserters, 230; capture of Camp Cooper, 232; expedition to Woodstock and King s Ferry Mills, 234; re-enlistment of veterans, 240; return of Col. Guss and other officers with veterans on furlough, 241; Mij. Pennypacker in command of post resignation of Lieut. Col. Duer promotion of field officers, 242; pro motion of line officers, 243; regiment relieved from duty at Fernandina, 244; de parture for Port Royal, 245; October 1, 1863, to April 25, 1864. CONTENTS. V VIII. Embark nt Port Royal on steam transport North Star, for Fortress Monroe, Va.,24(5; whisky and Insubordination :i thrilling incident, 2-17; Gloucester Point, Va., and Yorktown, Va. organization of the Army of the James, 248; grand review of troops by Maj. Gen. B. F. Buller departure of the expedition from Yorktown, Va., for James River, 24!); incidents site of Jamestown, 250; capture of City Point, Va. advance through Bermuda Hundred, Va., 251; con tinued advance encounter with enemy at Port Walthall Junction, 253; defensive line established from the James to the Appomattox, 254; advance upon Richmond and Petersburg Railroad at Chester Heights the 97th P. V. destroy the road and telegraph iction at Swift Creek, 215; forced nvircu to support Gen. Terry s ad vance, 257; return of veterans, 259; Proctor s Creek, Drury s Bluff and Fort D.irling, 263; advance and action on Wier Bottom Church Ro.ul, 207; action at Foster s Place, Va., 270; April 25, 1864, to May 20, 1864. CHAPTER IX. Action at Green Plains, Va., 273; gallant charge of the 97th P. V. upon Gen. Pickett s division fearful loss Lieut. Col. Pennypacker wounded, 278; the killed and wounded, 280; endeavor to cast blame upon the gallant commander of the 97th P. V. a correction, 282; Beauregard s assault upon Gen. Butler s centre repulsed by Gillmore s 10th corps, 284; troops dispatched to join Gen. Grant s Army, 285; White House, Va. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves, 2S6; action at Cold Harbor, Va., 287; return to City Point advance against Petersburg, 289; action at Petersburg Heights, 291; capture of the enemy s strong lines the advance checked by the arrival of Lee s veteran forces, 292; siege operations, 293; 2d division returns to Bermuda Hundred, 295; resignation of Col. II. R. Guss, 29(5; correspondence and testimonial, 297; farewell letter of Col. Guss, 298; May 20 to June 23, 1864. CHAPTER X. Gen. Gillmore relinquishes command of the 10th corps 2d division, 10th corps, again detached return to Petersburg front, 299 ; severity of service in the trenches, 300; action at Cemetery Hill, Va., 301; casualties, 302; details for spe cial duty, 303; visitors from West Chester, 304; Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney as signed to command of 10th corps 97th P. V. transferred to 2d brigade, 2d division 305 ; Rev. D. W. Moore appointed chaplain baptism of fire, 306 ; action at Peters burg Mine, 307; casualties in 97th P. V., 311; 2d division rejoin 10th corps at Bermuda Hundred, Va. terrific explosion, 312; Lieut. Col. Pennypaeker promoted to colonel his return to the regiment operations north of the James, 313; actions at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains, Va., 315; death of Adj. Carru- thers, 316 ; other casualties, 317 ; flag of the 97th P. V. encampment at Deep Run, 318; complimentary order of Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney muster out of men of Company A, 319 ; action at Wier Bottom Church return to Petersburg front Col. Peuuypacker assigned to command of brigade, 320; second flag received muster out of men of Companies C and D, 322; actions at Fort Harrison, New Market Heights and Fort Gilmer, 323; repulse of the euemy by the 10th corps at Charles City Road, 325; death of Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney Gen. Terry appointed to command of 10th corps, 327 ; congratulatory order of Gen. Butler, 329 ; action at Darby Town, Va. death of Capt. Hawkins, 331 ; muster out of officers and men at expiration of term, 333 ; promotions preparation of winter quarters at Chapin s Farm, 335 ; farewell letter of Chaplain Moore, 336 ; reorganization of the Army of the James, 337 ; June 23 to December 2, 1864. CHAPTER XI. Department of North Carolina Gen. Butler s expedition to Fort Fisher, 338 ; movements of land forces and naval fleet storm, 340 ; bombardment and landing of Butler s forces reconnoissance by Gen. Weitzel his adverse report Gen. Curtis advance and capture of the enemy s outlines, 341; Curtis preparation to storm Fort Fisher orders to withdraw the forces an unsolved problem return to Chapin s Farm, 342 ; comments in regard to the failure of the expedition Grant s letter of instruction, 343; Gen. Butler relieved of the command of the de partment Gen. Ord appointed Butler s farewell to his troops, 344; second ex pedition under Gen. Terry Gen. Grant s letter of instructions, 345; arrival of Gen. VI CONTENTS. Terry s forces at Federal Point successful landing of the troops Gen. Terry s official report of the operations at Fort Fisher, 347 ; Gen. Ames report to Gen. Terry, 350; table of casualties Pennsylvania troops in action at Fort Fisher, 351; Admiral Porter s report to the Secretary of the Navy, 352; thanks of the nation tendered by the Secretary of War, 353; the casualties at Fort Fisher, 355; brevet promotions by the War Department, 357; the advance upon Fort Anderson and Wilmington, 359; occupation of Wilmington, 361; relief of starving and dying Union prisoners, 363; advance toward Goklsboro Hoke repulsed, 365; opera tions by Gen. Terry s command thanks of Gen. Sherman in field orders 97th P. V. as escort to Gen. Kilpatrick s wagon train, 366; news of Lee s surrender, 367; Johnson s surrender to Sherman occupation of Raleigh, N. C., 368; Col. Pennypacker promoted to brigadier general, U. S. V. his letter of farewell to his regiment, 369; subsequent promotions, 370; occupation of Gaston and Weldon, N. C., 371; muster out at Weldon, N. C. return to Philadelphia, 372; the final disbanding roster of field, staff and company officers, 373; official record of en gagements, 375; additional record and recapitulation, 376; December 2, 1864, to September 4, 1865. CHAPTER XII. Recruiting Service first detail at Fortress Monroe, Va., December 8. 1861, 1st Lieut. Taylor and detachment, 377; detail rejoin the regiment at War saw Sound, Ga., 378; second detail at Hilton Head, January 2, 1862, Capt. Price and detachment, 379; stationed at West Chester, Chester and Oxford irksomeness of this service efforts to return the detachment relieved and ordered to Harris- burg, thence to New York embark for Port Royal shipwreck off Cape Ilatteras, 380; difficulty of landing encampment on shore, 381; a serious accident and a lively incident, 382; arrival of the George Peabody and Qr.-Mr. Ellis a hasty embarking arrival at Hatteras Inlet a week s delay an unseaworthy craft re turn to New York further delay re-embark for Port Royal, 383; arrival at Port Royal more delay the deserted camp at Edisto Stono River and arrival at Legareeville rejoin the regiment list of recruits report for duty, 384; Capts. Guss and Wayne with men of each company detailed at Hilton Head, S. C. an account of service list of recruits resignation of Capt. Wayne, 385; Capts. Lewis and Hoopes ordered to draft rendezvous for men for regiment, 386; voyage of the Arago exciting chase capture of a blockade runner, 387; report at Philadelphia Capt Lewis and part of detail return with detachment of men, 388; Capt. Hoopes and remainder return with second detachment Maj. Price ordered to rendezvous for drafted men in Pennsylvania, 389; men assigned to regiment, 390. CHAPTER XIII. Biographical sketches of field and staff officers, 391; Brevet Brig. Gen. Henry R. Guss, U. S. V., 392: Brevet Maj. Gen. G. Pennypacker, U. S. Army, 399; Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, 432; Brevet Col. Isaiah Price, 434; Capt. Harry W. Carru- thers, 437; Surgeon John R. Everhart, 443; Capt. George W. Hawkins, Co. I, 446; Col. John Waiuwright, 451; Lieut. Col. William H. Martin, 454; Chaplain Wil liam M. Whitehead, 456. CHAPTER XIV. Roster and record of service field officers, 457; staff officers, 460; non commissioned staff, 461; Guss Fencibles Band, 462; Co. A, Guss Fencibles, 464; Co. B, Chester County Grays, 475; Co. C, Paoli Guards, 485; Co. D, Concord - ville Rifles, 496; Co. E, Mulligan Guards, 508; Co. F, National Guards, 517; Co. G, Broomall Guards, 527; Co. H, Greble Guards, 537; Co. I, Brooke Guards, 547; Co. K, Wayne Guards, 555. CHAPTER XV. Recapitulation from roster and record, 565; tabular statement of mor tality and casualties, 566; recapitulation from tabular statement, 585; In Memo- riam, Fallen Patriots Requiem, 586. CHAPTER XVI. Return of the Battle Flags at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, July 4, 1866, 587. CHAPTER XVII. Proceedings in regard to a monument, 589. ILLUSTRATIONS. VII ILLUSTRATIONS. No. PaRi. 1. Portrait of Henry R. Guss, Brevet Major General, U. 8. Vols., . Frontispiece. 2. The Cooper Shop Volunteer Refreshment Saloon und Hospital, ... 8-1 3. The Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon 85 4. Fortress Monroe in 1861, 88 5. The Burning of Hampton, . 89 6. Ruins of St. John s Church 89 7. Battle of the Monitor uml Mcrrimac, 01 8. Plan of the Battle at Port Royal Harbor 92 9. Fort Walker, 94 10. Fort Beauregard !)4 11. Stone Fleet Blockade, 95 12. Pope s House at Hilton Head, 90 13. Map of Port Royal, S. C., 97 14. Martello Tower, Tybee Island , 99 15. Breach in Fort Pulaski, 100 16. Obstructions in Savannah River, ......... 108 17. Fort Clinch, 104 18. The Planter, Ill 19. Pickets on Duty 121 20. House at Mitchelville 130 21. Drayton s Mansion, 132 22. Head Quarters of Hunter and Mitchel, . 134 23. Live Oak Grove at Port Royal, 137 24. Portrait of Sketchley Morton, Jr., First Lieutenant Company I, 97th P. V., 141 25. Fort Pulaski, 144 26. Siege of Charleston, . . . 160 27. Beacon House, 167 28. New Ironsides and Monitors 168 29. Fort Wagner at Point of Assault, 172 30. Bomb and Splinter Proof, 180 31. Army Signal Telegraph 181 32. The Swamp Angel Battery, 186 33. Fort Sumter after the Bombardment 193 34. A Respectful Shell 194 35. Fort Wagner, Sea Front 1<J!) 36. Interior of Fort Sumter, 205 37. A Florida Swamp and Jungle, . _ . . . 221 38. Battery and Church Tower, Site of Jamestown 250 39. Line of Defence at Bermuda Hundred, ; 252 40. Butler s Head -Quarters, near Dutch Gap 253 41. Jeff Davis Necktie 255 42. Fort Darling, . .... 263 43. Rifle Pits at Green Plains, Va., 274 44. Position of Gen. Smith s Command at Cold Harbor, Va., .... 287 45. Gen. Smith s Head-Quarters, Cold Harbor, 289 46. Defences of Richmond and Petersburg, . .. . . . . . . . 290 47. Dr. Friend s House, 292 PREFACE. with many misgivings, fearing lest the very favorable expression in regard to the sketch referred to should elevate expectation beyond any reasonable hope of realization in the more extended work, which would demand a larger ability and the most earnest effort to fulfil. The pages of the present work have been chiefly prepared during the interrupted intervals of professional duties, reaching nearly to completion by the end of October, 1873. The ascertainment of many dates, and other items of interest from official records and other sources, has required longer time and much patient research, which have delayed the publication beyond the time it was at first supposed would be required for its completion. To General James W. Latta, Adjutant General of Pennsylvania, whose courtesy and kindness afforded every facility desired from the records in his office, the author is greatly indebted, especially for the verification of the record rolls of the Regiment by the clerical aid in his office, which has enabled him to present a complete and most accurate record of each man upon the rolls. To Private John L. Kitts, of Company C, he is mainly indebted for the unrestricted use of his private diary, from which were ob tained many dates of various movements, events, etc., and the record of many occurrences that would otherwise have been lost from remembrance. These were carefully preserved by him in the diary regularly kept during almost the entire period of his enlist ment. This being kindly entrusted for the purpose, without re serve, proved invaluable in making up the record. To Colonel H. R. Guss, for official papers, records, etc. To Captains Francis M. Guss, Co. A; W. S. Mendenhall, Co. D; D..W. C. Lewis, Co. F, (since Brevet Lieutenant Colonel); Charles Mcllvaine, Co. IT; Dallas Crow, Co. B, and W. S. Underwood, Co. K, he is also indebted for company records and accounts of the organization of their respective companies; to the latter also for some account of the movements of the Regiment from January 1 to August 28, 1865. To Colonel John Wainwright, for the use of retained copies of the muster-out-rolls of the Regiment, from which many of the records were obtained, and for some account of the campaign from October, 1864, to August, 1865, while the Regiment was under his com mand. To Brevet Major U. Jones, Regimental Quarter-Master, for some records, papers, etc., and for a description of the proposed monument. Also to Musician E. R. Eisenbeis, of Company A, for PREFACE. 5 copies of the regimental records prepared by him while regimental clerk and clerk of Company A, and for a manuscript sketch of Colonel H. R. Guss, from which the one herein published was re vised and enlarged. Some items of much interest were furnished by Captain J. P. Johnson, of the steamer Boston, a citizen of Chelsea, Mass., whose kindness and interest for the Regiment will be remembered by all who learned to regard him as a personal friend. The Regiment was frequently embarked upon his boat in tramitu from different places in the Department of the South. To Samuel W. Pcnny- packer, Esq., of the Philadelphia Bar, author of " Phccnixville and its Vicinity," the author is also indebted for items of the Pennypacker genealogy given in the sketch of Major General Pennypacker. Also to J. Hill Martin, Esq., author of " History of Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania," for brief sketches of Lieutenant Colonel A. P. Duer and Lieutenant Sketchly Morton, Jr., of Co. I, to all of whom the author would here express his sincere thanks. I. PRICE. INTRODUCTORY CORRESPONDENCE. No. 1720 GREEN STREET, PHILADELPHIA, October 29, 1873. To MAJOR GENERAL G. PENNYPACKER, U. S. A. MY DEAR FRIEND: FTER many delays, the manuscript history of the Ninety- seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers is now nearly ready for the press. In consenting to undertake the work of its prepara tion, I felt the very embarrassing position in which it would place me, having to write of much that transpired while the Regi ment was under my own command. To present the record of the Regiment under such circumstances, without incurring the criticism of egotism, would be difficult even for one more fully qualified to give the simple narrative of those services in which he had participated in the most obscure position. I have, therefore, not hoped to wholly escape such comment from the captious and the critical. Yet now when the result of the efforts of the past eight months to reclaim from oblivion the history of the eventful period of service, participated in by our gallant Regiment during the war, is contained in the sheets before me with a feeling of distrust, and shrinking from the perils and penalties of authorship, I naturally turn to you, my Commanding Officer, always generous and con siderate toward every earnest effort in the performance of duty and the friend and companion in arms, long tried and sincere, asking that your support and sympathy may attend this venture toward answering the desire of our surviving comrades, to have the record of our dear old Regiment perpetuated. I know they will not be withheld, and am, therefore, already inspired with the hope that, with your approval, it will be the more leniently regarded and accepted with greater interest. Ever faithfully, your friend, I. PRICE INTRODUCTORY CORRESPONDENCE. HEAD-QUARTERS SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, U. S. A. NASHVILLE, TENN., November 1, 1873. To COL. ISAIAH PRICE, Philadelphia, Pa. MY VERY GOOD FRIEND: O you know that I have no words with which to thank you for the kind expressions contained in your letter of the 29th of October? The great trouble about your book will be not that you have shown any egotism you will not do yourself the justice you should, for you commanded our good old Regiment through the trying and stormy period of its existence. It would seem strange in me, perhaps, to commend you; but it seems to me that I never had a stauncher friend, and never could have had under my command a better soldier, than yourself. Of course, I will do everything that lies in my power to aid in the circulation of your book (the publication of which is so much more of an object with us than with you), and you have only to indicate to me any way in which I can be of service. The only fear I have of the book, knowing your diffidence under such circumstances, is, that it will be incomplete in its narrative of many events which did great credit to the Regiment, but which occurred while you were the commanding officer, and entitled to the honor due to one holding your rank and position. With many kind regardsand best wishes, I am, as ever before, Faithfully, your friend, G. PENNYPACKER. IN WAR TIME. LOR ISC ANUS queries: "Why should we Vex at the land s ridiculous miserie ? " So on his Usk banks, in blood-red dawn Of England s civil strife, did careless Vaughan Bemock his times. O friends of many years! Though faith and trust are stronger than our fears, And the signs promise peace with liberty, Not thus we trifle with our country s tears And sweat of agony. The future s gain Is certain as God s truth; but, meanwhile, pain Is bitter and tears are salt: our voices take A sober tone; our very household songs Are heavy with a nation s griefs and wrongs; And innocent mirth is chastened for the sake Of the brave hearts that nevermore shall beat, The eyes that smile no more, the unreturning feet ! WHITTIER. DEDICATORY. |OT for the purpose of fostering in the minds of the youth of our country an undue love for glory in military achievements is this history written. But rather lest while enjoying the hlessings of peace, secured unto them through the services and sacrifices of those times when others dedi cated their lives to the work of preserving the integrity and life of the nation in its hour of peril future generations may he left unreminded of the nature of those services, of what were the sacrifices and cost of our country s liberty, permanence and peace, demanding of them a jealous and perpetual guardianship. This end is the aim of this record, now reverently dedicated to the memory of our fallen comrades, who not only endured the pri vations of the march, the camp and the field of battle, but gave their lives also that their country might live. They returned not with us, to meet the glad welcome from pa tient loving hearts, that had long kept silent watch, through faith, around the lone home hearths, during all the dark weary days of "the war time," ever prayerful and hopeful of the ending, that should bring back to them husband, father, son, brother, lover ! But for them, instead of such welcome, were fountains of tears welling from agonized hearts, and the sad duty of keeping green their grass-grown graves, and, in the season of their bloom, garlanded by flowers gathered from gardens of lonely vacant homes, annually brought by tender hearts. The beauty and perfume of flowers thus spread with trembling hands above the resting place of their con secrated dead, in sweet and simple tribute, are worthy alike the brave and the sorrowing, who gave their all. Let not the memory of these countless sacrifices ever be ob literated, nor let them have been made in vain! The deeds of the heroic dead, in such cause, need no eulogy. The simple record, "They followed where duty called," is all- sufficient to preserve their memory ever green. I. PRICE. July 4, 1873. CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATION OF COMPANIES FOR THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1861. HE grand response of a loyal people, in support of national defence against rebellion, in 1861, was an event unparalleled in the history of nations. To collect, organize and array the vast numbers of un disciplined troops, that were requisite to meet the forces in rebellion, and having possession of almost the entire military and naval resources of the coun try, was a work of unprecedented magnitude, thrust upon the administration of Abraham Lincoln by the defection in that of his predecessor, James Buchanan. The record of those remarkable efforts and events, and the re sults of the subsequent memorable conflict, have become a part of the nation s history. The heroic, self-sacrificing men, who, through four years of pri vation, peril and war, dedicated their lives to the preservation of national integrity, wrought also for its progress in the direction of its founders intent toward the realization of true permanence, prosperity and peace, as a priceless legacy, painfully and perilously secured for every citizen. Each of the grand armies organized has its history and its record roll of honored names identified with its achievements, its fame and its success. Each corps, division and brigade has its im perishable scroll, perpetuating the deeds of valor that bore its badges and its banners through the fire of many battles unto bril liant victories, and the final triumph of liberty, union and peace. On the pages of these histories each participant may trace the record of his own efforts through the campaigns in which his corps took part. With eager interest, he follows the record of his division and brigade, feeling a just pride in seeing its deeds 12 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. enumerated. Kindling anew the old enthusiasm and ardor that was the sustaining influence, enabling brave men to encounter the perils and surmount the obstacles that barred the way to victory and success. A natural desire to further trace the individual expe riences of the men who so faithfully served their country, in its time of need, has prompted the compilation of the " Record of the Regiment." Many of these have been completed with considerable accuracy, and have become invaluable in interest to those whose record has been thus more perfectly and enduringly perpetuated. The desire to have such a history of the services of the Ninety- seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers published, having long bordered upon expectancy, now reaches a late fulfilment. The first influence toward the organization of this Regiment originated with the Hon. H. Jones Brooke, late a State Senator for Chester and Delaware counties. Being present at the office of the Secretary of War, when authority to recruit a regiment for the three years service was being granted, upon an application from his State, it occurred to him to make a similar application for the organization of a regiment from his own Congressional District, the 7th Pennsylvania, when he received the assurance that such authority would be granted to any one he might designate as a proper officer to organize a regiment. He at once communicated the suggestion to Capt. Henry R. Guss, whom he knew as an active and. efficient officer, who had entered the three months service with a large number of men, and was, at that time, about to be mustered out of service, at Harrisburg, at the expiration of that term of service. The proposition being favorably considered by Capt. Guss, Senator Brooks forwarded the proposal to organize a regiment under the command of Col. Henry R. Guss, of West Chester, Pa., to be recruited in the 7th Congressional District to the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. Within a few days, the following letter of acceptance was re ceived by Col. Guss: WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C., July 25, 1861. COL. HENRY R. Guss, West Chester, Pa. SIR: The regiment of infantry which you offer is accepted for three years, provided you have it ready for marching orders in twenty-one days. This acceptance is with the distinct understanding that this ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANIES. Itf Department will revoke the commissions of all officers who may he found incompetent for the proper discharge of their duties. You will promptly advise Adjutant General Thomas, at Wash ington, the date at which your men will he ready for mustering, and he will detail an officer for that purpose. By order of the Secretary of War: [Signed] JAMES LESLEY, JR., Chief Clerk, War Department. Capt. Henry R. Guss had commanded Company A, of the 9th P. V., during its term of service (three months) with Major General Robert Patterson s command, iu Maryland, Virginia, and adjacent counties in Pennsylvania. The command had been mustered out of service at Harrisburg, Pa., July 29, 1861. In pursuance of the authority received from Secretary Cameron. Col. Guss set about the purpose of recruiting and organizing his regiment immediately after his return to his home at West Chester. Inviting the co-operation of some who had served under his com mand in the three months campaign, and of others whose ability to aid his purpose being recognized through his usual careful and cor rect observation and estimate of men. these were duly authorized to commence the enrollment of recruits and the organization of com panies. Many of the men who were first enrolled had served in the three months campaign, and some were men, who had the experience of drill and discipline as members of military or militia companies previous to the war. The larger number, however, were without former military experience, young men who enlisted from a sense of duty to their government in its impending danger; earnest, con scientious young men of most excellent character and promise, the sons of the most worthy citizens in their native counties. * COMPANY ORGANIZATION, WITH RECORD OF PROMOTIONS. COMPANY A, Guss FENCIBLES. Recruiting for the first company was commenced on the 2d of August, 1861, by Capt. Galusha Penny-packer, of West Chester, Pa., who had served during the three months term in Capt. Guss company in the 9th Regiment P. V., of which he was appointed a 14 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. sergeant, and, being promoted to a position on the non-commis sioned staff of the Regiment, had served during most of the time as acting regimental quarter-master. The authority to recruit a company for the new regiment was given by Col. Guss, verbally, while on the train returning from Harrisburg, after the muster out of the 9th Regiment, and was ac cepted by Capt. Pennypacker at once, who made his purpose known to some of the young men of his regiment before separating for their homes. A number of them soon after joined his company, in West Chester, where recruits began to collect rapidly; by the 17th of August, the number had reached sixty-three. On that day, they went into camp in a beautiful grove known as Everhart s Woods, the location being tendered the company by its owner, Hon. William Everhart, a former member of Congress from the district, father of Dr. John R. Everhart, who became surgeon of the 97th Regiment. The camp was named Camp Everhart, in compliment to its owner, who had provided such a pleasant spot, cool and shaded from the August heat. The company occupied the southeast corner of the grove, ad joining Barnard Street. The men were furnished with tents for temporary use by the old National Guards, of West Chester, which were used until the company was organized and mustered. The name adopted by the company was the Guss Fencibles/ in honor of their late commander in the National Guards, and Company A, 9th Regiment, Col. Henry R. Guss. The first muster for the company was made by Capt. John H. McArthur, 2d U. S. Cavalry, assistant mustering officer for the eastern division of Pennsylvania, who, on the 22d of August, 1861, mustered Capt. Galusha Pennypacker as captain of Company A; Louis Y. Evans, of West Chester, who had served as sergeant in Company A, 9th Regiment P. V., during the three months term, was then mustered as 1st lieutenant; William Peace, of Coatesville, as 2d lieutenant; and eighty-eight enlisted men were mustered as privates, an aggregate of ninety-one men. On the 30th of August, ten additional men were mustered, making the requisite number one hundred and one, officers and men, for the company. The following non-commissioned officers were appointed: 1st sergeant, Thomas E. Weber, of West Chester, Pa.; 2d sergeant, Abel Griffith, of West Chester, Pa.; 3d sergeant, Thomas McKay, of West Chester, Pa.; 4th sergeant, Isaac J. Burton, Coatesville, Chester Co., Pa.; 5th ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY A. 15 sergeant, John Brubaker, Penningtonville, Chester Co., Pa. Sergt. McKay being designated by Col. Guss for the position of com missary sergeant of Regiment, he was appointed to that position, October 29, 1861. There was no promotion to 5th sergeant until April 28, 1862. 1st corporal, Jervis J. Rudolph, of Coatesville, Chester Co., Pa.; 2d corporal, William L. Morris, of Oak Hill, Lan caster Co., Pa.; 3d corporal, William II. Martin, of Christiana, Lancaster Co., Pa.; 4th corporal, George Ellam, of Coatesville, Chester Co., Pa.; 5th corporal, Benjamin F. Stackhouse, of Concord- ville, Delaware Co., Pa.; 6th corporal, Harry L. Pyott, of Willis- town, Chester Co., Pa.; 7th corporal, Reese Elmer Welch, of Honey- brook, Chester Co., Pa.; 8th corporal, Jacob Daubman, of Philadel phia, Pa. The time specified by the War Department, twenty-one days, being entirely inadequate to complete the organization of the regi ment, it was extended by the following order: WAR DEPARTMENT, August 22, 1861. COL. HENRY R. Guss, West Chester, Pa. SIR: The time granted you by this Department, in which to report your regiment ready for marching orders, is hereby extended thirty days, with the understanding, however, that you make every exertion to report earlier if possible. By order of the Secretary of War: [Signed] JAMES LESLIE, JR., Chief Clerk, War Department. The company remained at Camp Everhart until September 12, regularly engaged in performing the usual camp duties and in ac quiring proficiency in drill and discipline under the instructions of their officers, Capt. G. Pennypacker being also meanwhile actively engaged in superintending the requisite arrangements toward the equipment and subsistence of the recruits for his own and the other companies then being organized. On the 12th of September, Company A moved from Camp Ever hart, in order to join the other companies of the Regiment, about to go into quarters in the Agricultural Fair Grounds, which had been previously occupied by the 9th and llth Pennsylvania (three months ) Regiments, and by the 1st and 7th Regiments of Penn sylvania Reserves, being known as Camp Wayne. Company A 16 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. selected their quarters in the southwest corner of the grounds, along New Street. The sheds having been fitted up as barracks, made very comfortable shelter, which the tact and ingenuity of the men, with a supply of boards and clean straw, soon made quite desirable as domiciles, and with the influence of song and violin and the cheer of true brave hearts in close companionship, as bunk mates, the tedium of camp life was made bright and joyous. The scene to a looker-on became a marvel to reconcile the apparent busy unconcern of men about to enter upon scenes and duties so solemn, so stern, so real; yet, to the more sagacious thinker, the thought was presented of a great underlying purpose permeating the hearts of these men; the apparent unconcern being typical of the airy mist playing about the crest of some vast range of mountain bar rier, against which storms might dash and tempest beat. Thus should these brave and strong men stand immovable and fixed, a part of a mighty host gathered and gathering, against which the fiery charge of treason and the tide of battle might surge as vainly. Upon the completion of the organization of Company A, Capt. G. Pennypacker was authorized, pursuant to an order issued by Lieut. Col. Charles F. Ruff, 3d U. S. Cav., chief mustering officer for the eastern division of Pennsylvania, to muster the officers and men who should enlist in the remaining companies of the Regiment. He accordingly mustered the recruits into the service of the United States, from time to time, as enlisted, during the organization, to the entire satisfaction of the officer, who deputized him to perform the service. Dr. John R. Everhart, having been selected by Col. Guss as sur geon of the Regiment, made the prescribed critical examination of all the men presented for enlistment in the several companies of the Regiment. After the organization of three companies, Capt. G. Pennypacker, of Company A, was, by Col. H. R. Guss, designated as major of the Regiment. He had, upon the first occupation of Camp Wayne, assumed command as senior captain, and continued in command of the camp until the muster of Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, on October 7, 1861. Company A received its allotment of clothing, camp and garrison equipage on the 30th of August and its arms (the old rifled musket) about the 14th of September. The drill in the manual of arms etc., was diligently maintained, together with all the evolutions and PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY A. 17 company movements which tend to perfect the requisite training of the soldier. Capt. G. Pennypacker s commission as major being dated Octo ber 7, 1861, created a vacancy in Company A from that date, he having been mustered as major by Lient. Col. Charles F. Ruff, at Philadelphia, on October 7, 1861. On October 12, the members of Company A being authorized to do so, held an election for captain, which resulted in the choice of Francis M. Guss. of West Chester, a brother of Col. H. R. Guss, and a late 1st lieutenant in Company A, 9th Regiment P. V. (in the three months service). He was afterward commissioned, by Gov. Curtin, as captain of Company A, and was duly mustered as such on October 15, 1861, and imme diately entered upon the duties of commander of the company. The subsequent promotions in the company and non-commissioned officers are here given as nearly in their proper order as could be obtained. On April 28, 1862, Corp. J. J. Rudolph was promoted to 5th sergeant. The corporals were each advanced one in grade. Private Alfred B. Peace, of Coatesville, was appointed 8th corporal. On May 1, 1802, 1st Lieut. Louis Y. Evans was promoted to cap tain of Company G. 2d Lieut. William Peace was commissioned 1st lieutenant of Company A, and 1st Sergt. Thomas E. Weber, 2d lieutenant of the company. 2d Sergt. Abel Griffith was appointed 1st sergeant, the remaining sergeants were promoted one in grade respectively, and 1st Corp. William L.Morris appointed 5th ser geant. The corporals were then designated in the following order : 1st Corp. Stackhouse, 2d Corp. Martin, 3d Corp. Pyott, 4th Corp. Ellam, 5th Corp. Welsh, 6th Corp. Daubman, 7th Corp. Peace, and Private Nathaniel R. Cowen, of Churchtown, Lancaster Co., Pa., was appointed 8th corporal. On January 9, 1863, 3d Sergt. Bru- baker was reduced to the ranks. The 4th and 5th sergeants were advanced one in grade, and 1st Corp. Stackhouse was appointed 5th sergeant. The other corporals were advanced one in grade, Corp. Martin being 1st corporal. Private John T. Taylor, of Oxford, Chester Co., was appointed 8th corporal. On the 30th of January, 1864, 2d Lieut. Thomas E. Weber was transferred to the U. S. Signal Corps, by order of the War Depart ment, and on the 18th of February, 1864, 1st Lieut. William Peace resigned and was honorably discharged, by Special Order No. 66, Head-Quarters Department of the South, dated February 18, 1864, thus vacating both positions. 1st Sergt. Abel Griffith was promoted 18 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. to 1st lieutenant and 2d Sergt. Isaac J. Burton to 2d lieutenant, their commissions being dated March 4, 1864. 3d Sergt. Rudolph was promoted to 1st sergeant; 4th Sergt. Morris to 2d sergeant and 5th Sergt. Stackhouse to 3d sergeant. 1st Corp. Martin was ap pointed 4th sergeant. There was no immediate promotion to 5th sergeant. 2d Corp. Pyott was promoted to 1st corporal. Private Madison Lovett, of Colerain, Lancaster Co., Pa., was ap pointed 7th corporal, July 1, 1864, and Private Harry T. Gray, veteran, of Concordville, Delaware Co., was appointed 8th corporal, August 1, 1864. Corp. John T. Taylor was killed in action, at Mine, near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. 3d Sergt. B. F. Stack- house died, August 19, 1864, of wounds received in action at Deep Bottom, Va., August 16, 1864. 1st Sergt. Jervis J. Rudolph, 2d Sergt. W. L. Morris, and Corps. Harry L. Pyott, Jacob Daubman and Alfred B. Peace, were mustered out of service, August 22, 1864, upon the expiration of term of service, and Corp. Reese E. Welsh on August 25, 1864. 4th Sergt. W. H. Martin was then appointed 1st sergeant. To fill the remaining and subsequent vacancies, the following were appointed sergeants : Corp. Harry T. Gray to sergeant, August 20, 1864 ; Privates Lewis E. Humptori, appointed corporal, October 10, 1864; to sergeant, November 24, 1864; Robert L. Black, same date; Frank C. Henry appointed corporal, November 24, 1864; to sergeant, February 1, 1865, and Joseph Phillips appointed corporal, July 1, 1865; to sergeant, May 10, 1865. Corp. Madison Lovett was promoted to hospital steward, September 18, 1864. 1st Sergt. William H. Martin was promoted to 2d lieutenant, October 4, 1864; to 1st lieutenant, October 31, 1864; to captain, December 4, 1864; to major, January 15, 1865, and to lieutenant colonel, Jane 1, 1865. Sergt. Harry T. Gray was promoted to 1st sergeant, October 4, 1864, and to 1st lieutenant, December 4, 1864; he was not mustered; discharged, May 9, 1865, expiration of term. Sergt. Lewis E. Humpton was promoted to 1st sergeant, December 4, 1864; to captain, February 28, 1865. Sergt. Robert L. Black was promoted, same date, to 1st lieutenant. Capt. Humpton resigned May 22, 1865. On June 15, 1865, 1st Lieut. Black was promoted to captain. Sergt. Frank C. Henry was promoted to 1st sergeant, February 28, 1865; to 2d lieutenant, May 1, 1865. and to 1st lieutenant, June 15, 1865, but was not mustered as lieutenant. Sergt. Joseph Phillips was promoted to 1st sergeant, February 19, 1 KOMOTIONS IN COMPANY A. 19 1865, and on June 15, 1865, was promoted to 2d lieutenant, but was not mustered as lieutenant. Private Jeptha Clark was pro moted to corporal, February 1, 1865; to sergeant, May 1, 1865. Private James P. Smedley promoted to corporal and to sergeant, no date; Private Allison Gibson promoted to corporal and to sergeant, no date; John Ilarman, substitute, promoted to corporal; to sergeant, July 19, 1865. These four sergeants were all mustered out with the company, August 28, 1865. Private Caleb B. Moore, recruit, pro moted to corporal; discharged for wounds, April 22, 1865; Private Lewis JLarrison, drafted, promoted to corporal; discharged by general order, June 2, 1865; Private John M. Stevens, drafted, promoted to corporal, discharged by general order, June 2, 1865; Private Nathaniel Whitebread, substitute, promoted to corporal; discharged by general order, May 5, 1865; Private Henry A. Wittich^ sub stitute, promoted to corporal, April 22, 1865; Private John T. Carpenter, recruit, promoted to corporal, July 19, 1865; Private Lewis Macks, substitute, promoted to corporal, July 19, 1865; Private Taylor Richardson, veteran, promoted to corporal, August 18, 1865 ; Private Robert M. Glisan, substitute, promoted to corporal, August 18, 1865 ; Private Henry P. Towns, substitute, promoted to corporal, August 18, 1865; Private Burton G. Bovee, substitute, promoted to corporal ; Private Daniel Phillips, substitute, promoted to corporal. The* eight last were mustered out with company, August 28, 1865, Of the original number, five non-commissioned officers and seventeen privates re-enlisted as veterans at Fernandina, Fla,., in accordance with general orders of War Department, No. 191, series of 1863, and No. 25, of 186-4, were mustered into the service, for the remainder of the war, by 1st Lieut. M. V. B. Rich ards, United States mustering officer; those not re-enlisting and not previously discharged being mustered out at the expiration of their term of service, from August 22 to 30, thirty-one being discharged on the former date. They were the first to return to their homes, were cordially welcomed at West Chester upon their arrival and provided with hospitable entertainment by their old commander, Col. Guss, at the Green Tree Hotel. At North Edisto, July 12, 1862, a splendid sword, sheath, waist- belt, sash, shoulder straps and sword case were presented by the members of the company to Capt. F. M. Guss. The movement had been originated in January, by subscription to the fund for the pur pose, and the order was sent by Col. II. R. Guss. The express 20 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. package arrived a few days previously, and by arrangement, after breakfast, the men were in line to wait upon the captain at his quarters. The presentation speech was made by Private David M. Taylor, who, in a few expressive words, apprised the captain of the purpose of their visit. Capt. Guss received this handsome testi monial as a complete surprise, having had not the least intimation of any such purpose. He replied in a few happy words, expressing his surprise and thanks for the manifestation of confidence and respect. The occasion was one of much good feeling throughout the company. COMPANY B, CHESTER COUNTY GRAYS. The organization of this company was commenced at Parkesburg, Chester Co., Pa., on the 15th of August, 1861, by the consolidation of two volunteer companies, one known as the Chester County Grays, of that place, commanded by Capt. William B. McCoy, and the other as the Keystone Rifles, of Cochranville, Chester Co., com manded by Capt. Robert L. McClellan. The men were mostly from the vicinity of those places. On the 30th of August, 1861, the first muster was made at West Chester, Pa., by Capt. G. Pennypacker, when eighty-five men were mus tered, with Capt. William B. McCoy as commanding officer, and designated as Company B, 97th Regiment P. V. The remaining officers then mustered were : 1st lieutenant, Jonas M. C. Savage, of Cochranville ; 2d lieutenant, James Hughes. The non-commis sioned officers then appointed were: 1st sergeant, John Armstrong; 2d sergeant, David N. Birney; 3d sergeant, Hugh M. Hutton; 4th sergeant, Nelson P. Boyer; 5th sergeant, Henry Kendig, Jr.; 1st corporal, Elisha Middleton; 2d corporal, Samuel McCluskey; 3d corporal, Andrew J. Graham; 4th corporal, John DeLaugh; 5th corporal, Robert Ferguson ; 6th corporal, Webster A. Nichols , 7th corporal, Joseph Haines; 8th corporal, James T. Skiles. Musicians: William James Irwin, fifer, and Benjamin K. Hutton, drummer. Wagoner, James McNulty. The militia name adopted by the company was the Chester County Grays, after Capt. McCoy s old company. The men went into quarters in Camp Wayne, on the 25th of August, 1861, occupying the barracks at the southeast angle of the camp. Additional ORGANIZATION AND PROMOTIONS, COMPANY 15. 21 musters were made on September 9, three men ; on September 1 1 , seven men; on September 16, 21 and 24, each one additional; completing the aggregate number for a company, one hundred and one, officers and men. Private Henry Melius having deserted, on August 30, the evening after being mustered, there was an additional man mustered, on November 13, to fill the vacancy. The company was furnished with every necessary outfit, mid received arms from the Schuylkill arsenal soon after being mustered, and entered actively upon the work of preparation for service. The first promotion in the company was that of Corp. James T. Skiles, to be quarter-master sergeant, who was transferred to the non-com missioned staff, on October 29, 1861, he having entered upon the duties of that position immediately after being mustered into the service. To fill this vacancy, Private Malachi Happersctt was ap pointed 8th corporal, on December 2, 1861. 2d Sergt. D. H. Birney was reduced to the ranks, March 24, 1862. Sergts. Hutton, Boyrr. and Kendig were promoted one in grade respectively, and 1st Corp. Elisha Middleton appointed 5th sergeant. Corp. McCluskey, being promoted to 1st corporal, Corps. Graham, DeLaugh, Ferguson, Nichols, Haines and Happersett were then advanced one in grade, and Private Jacob G. Lowry appointed 8th corporal. About this time, charges were preferred against Corp. DeLaugh, upon which he was tried by general court-martial, found guilty and sentenced to be dishonorably discharged from the service, the sentence being subsequently promulgated and carried into effect on May 26, 1862. at Edisto. S. C., as prescribed. The vacancy was filled April 1. 1862, by regular promotion of the five junior corporals, and Private William A. Deisem was promoted to be 8th corporal. On April 19, 1862, Corp. Andrew J. Graham was discharged on account of an accidental wound with loss of index finger of right hand. 2d Lieut. James Hughes resigned, and was honorably discharged, at Edisto, S. C., on May 1, 1862. 1st Sergt. John Armstrong was then pro moted to be 2d lieutenant, and 2d Sergt. Hutton to 1st sergeant. Sergts. Boyer, Kendig and Middleton were then promoted to 2d, 3d and 4th sergeants, 7th Corp. Jacob G. Lowry being promoted to 5th sergeant, from May 1, 1862. Corps. Ferguson, Nichols, Haines and Happersett were also promoted to be 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th corporals, to fill the vacancies caused by the discharge of 2d Corp. Graham. 8th Corp. Deisem was advanced to 6th corporal, and Privates Gerhard Reeder and Dallas Crow promoted to be 7th and 22 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 8th corporals. 2cl Corp. Robert Ferguson died, at Hilton Head, S. C., on May 18, 1862. The vacancy was filled by the promotion of the junior corporals one in grade, but no appointment was made to 8th corporal until June 1, 1862, when there were other vacancies to be filled. On May 26, 1862, 2d Sergt. Boyer was discharged at Edisto, S. C. 3d Sergt. Kendig was promoted to be 2d sergeant, and 5th Sergt. Lowry to be 3d sergeant. On June 1, 1862, 1st Corp. McCluskey was promoted to be 5th sergeant. 2d Corp. W .A. Nichols was then promoted to 1st corporal, and the other corporals each advanced one in grade. Private David H. Birnev was now * promoted to 7th corporal, and Private James M. Jackson to 8th corporal. On November 4, 1862, 1st Sergt. Hugh M. Hutton and 4th Sergt. Elisha Middleton were discharged at Hilton Head, S. C. The latter died on the day of his discharge. 2d Sergt. Henry Kendig, Jr., was then promoted to be 1st sergeant; 3d Sergt. Lowry to be 2d sergeant; 1st Corp. W. A. Nichols to be 3d sergeant and 7th Corp. David H. Birney re-appointed 4th sergeant. The order announcing these appointments was dated January 1, 1863, by which 5th Sergt. Samuel McCluskey was reduced to the ranks and 3d Corp. Happersett was promoted to be 5th sergeant, 2d Corp. Haines to be 1st corporal, and Corps. Deisem, Reeder, Crow and Jackson, and Privates John F. Boofter, Joseph Stott and John B. Griffith appointed 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th corporals, respectively. 2d Lieut. John Armstrong, having resigned, was honorably discharged on the 18th of November, 1862. Quarter- Master Sergt. James T. Skiles was promoted to be 2d lieutenant on December 16, 1862. Capt. William B. McCoy commanded the company until June 18, 1863, when, owing to failing health, his resignation was accepted and he received an honorable discharge, at Seabrook Island, S. C., and returned to his home, where he died of consumption, September 24, 1866. 1st Lieut. Jonas M. C. Savage was then promoted to captain, to rank from June 23, 1863; 2d Lieut. James T. Skiles being promoted to 1st lieutenant. There was no immediate pro motion to 2d lieutenant. 1st Sergt. Henry Kendig, Jr., was dis charged on surgeon s certificate, at Fernandina, Fla., December 9, 1863. 2d Sergt. Lowry was then promoted to 1st sergeant and was soon after recommended for promotion to 2d lieutenant. There was some delay, however, in receiving his commission. Meantime, he re-enlisted as a veteran, with forty-three others of his company, and PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY B. 23 was subsequently mustered, May 20, 18(54, as 2d lieutenant, to rank from June 23, 1863. No appointment to 1st sergeant was made until May 1, 1864, when 2d Scrgt. Webster A. Nichols, who was acting 1st sergeant, was appointed to that position. The sub sequent promotions of non-commissioned officers are noted as far as could be obtained upon the company roster, but cannot be given here in their order for want of the necessary dates of promotion. Capt. Savage commanded the company until May 20, 1864, when he was severely wounded in action, at Green Plains, Bermuda Hun dred, Va. He was from that time disabled from service, and absent in hospital until discharged, October 22, 1864, on account of wounds and expiration of term of service. 1st Lieut. Skiles commanded the company during a portion of the operations before Petersburg and Richmond, Va., from May 20 till November 5, 1864, when dis charged at expiration of term of service, being also upon staff duty during a portion of that time. 2d Lieut. Jacob G. Lowry com manded the company during the time 1st Lieut. Skiles was upon detailed duty before Petersburg. He was subsequently placed in arrest, under charges upon which he was tried and convicted by general court martial, and sentenced to be dishonorably discharged the service, by Special Order No. 132, War Department, Adjutant General s Office, March 18, 1865. These vacancies were filled by promotion of non-commissioned officers as follows: 4th Sergt. Dallas Crow to commissary sergeant, September 9, 1864; to 1st lieutenant, March 1, 1865, and to captain of the company on April 4, 1865. He remained the commanding officer of the company until the dis charge of the regiment, August 28, 1865. Private David S. Harry was promoted to corporal, May 1, 1864; to 4th sergeant, September 4, 1864; to 1st sergeant, November 1, 1864, and to 1st lieutenant, February 1, 1865, and held that rank until discharged with the company, August 28, 1865. Corp. John B. Griffith was promoted to sergeant, October 10, 1864; to 1st sergeant, April 22, 1865; to 2d lieutenant. May 1, 1865, and was mustered out as such with the company, August 28, 1865. Private Andrew M. Strickland was promoted to corporal. November 2, 1864; to sergeant, February 1, 1865, and to 1st sergeant, August 1, 1865, being mustered out as such with the company, August 28, 1865. The men of Company B were mostly such as made efficient and reliable soldiers, and were generally kept in a good state of drill and discipline by their officers. There were, however, some difficulties 24 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. experienced, during the summer of 1863, that for a time gave some trouble, owing to a want of proper management on the part of the officers in dealing with a spirit of insubordination on the part of a few of the men. These were taken in hand by the regimental commanders, and a careful examination had of all the circumstances, resulting in a restoration of the men to duty after a suitable repri mand. They subsequently proved to be most excellent and reliable men. The company was at the point of attack by the enemy at James Island, S. C., on June 10, 1862, and was a part of the force that received and held in check his impetuous advance. The officers and men acquitted themselves most gallantly under the trying ordeal of a first experience under fire. The men never moved from their position. Having emptied their cartridge boxes on the ground, they lay down and kept up an incessant fire upon the foe, who had advanced to within a few feet of them. The record of the company, during the entire period of the service, is one of faithful performance of duty in the field with a promptness and bravery that rendered the company reliable as a cover to the left flank of the Regiment, scarcely second to that which held the right in unsurpassed efficiency and vigilance. To particularize further in detail is un necessary, the record of the company being identified thoroughly with the narrative of events that make up the history of the llegirnent, in all of which it participated. Of the original number of enlisted men, forty-three re-enlisted for the remainder of the war, at Fernandina, Fla., under provision of general orders of the War Department, No. 191, series of 1863, and No. 25, of 1864, and were re-mustered by 1st Lieut. M. V. B. Richardson, United States mustering officer of that department. The others, as the time of service expired, were mustered out by Capt. J. E. Lord, and returned to their homes. (See record). COMPANY C, PAOLI GUARDS. The third company, C, was recruited by Isaiah Price, a resident of West Chester, Pa., second son of Benjamin and Jane Price, of East Bradford, Chester Co., Pa., prominent and consistent members of the society of Friends. The former (deceased January 8, 1872) was long an elder, and the latter still an approved minister in that ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY C. 25 society. In the education of their children they had faithfully endeavored to instil with their training a correct, appreciation of the principles by which their own lives had been led, in exemplary obedience to the "light that maketh manifest the way in which to walk, 1 and were also careful to inculcate the necessity for each mind to be true to the requirements of duty, which might claim the attention under circumstances of peculiar emergency or trial, when none could judge one for another. As a consequence of these in fluences of early training and of association, until then, in personal membership with Friends, the question of duty presented, when the rebellion came, was one of serious interest to many hitherto re garded as consistent members of that society. In this instance, the subject was one likely to cause much anxiety and conflict of mind to one reared in the kindest association and sympathy with every parental influence, causing a degree of hesitation that for a time delayed a step which it was realized must bring great pain to the hearts of beloved parents, whose anxieties would now follow, with inore than usual solicitude, the departure of another son to engage in the duties and dangers of war, so apparently at variance with the influence of all their early training. (Their third son having already gone to the front with the 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves.) They were, however, enabled to confide their sons to the care of Him in whose hands are ever held the lives of all, and in beautiful faith they lived through those years of peril and trial, sending forth the influence of their prayers and their hopes for the preservation of their children, and for others, also, from every danger and from all evil. They were permitted to receive both their sons again at the end of the war, with grateful hearts that their prayers had been answered. When the culmination of disaster came, at Bull Run, Va., the matter of duty was decided as paramount to all other considerations. As a preparatory qualification for duty, when its imperativeness should be fully recognized, I. Price had joined a company of home guards, the Gray Reserves, organized at West Chester, Pa., in April, 1861, commanded by Capt. William B. Waddell, now a State Senator from Chester Co., Pa. (1873). The company was armed with Enfield rifles, provided by the borough of West Chester, and immediately entered upon a course of drill and discipline that very soon resulted in a commendable degree of proficiency in the various movements of company and battalion drill, the manual of arms, etc. 26 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Of this company he was appointed a corporal, and omitted no opportunity for acquiring the practical advantages of drill and dis cipline with his company. About the middle of August, 1861, the first and second companies of Col. Guss Regiment were in process of organization, and efforts were being made to have other companies started. It was at this juncture that Henry W. Carruthers, Esq., called upon I. Price, at his office, in West Chester, with a request from Col. H. R. Guss for an interview with him at his residence, Mr. Carruthers stating, at the same time, that it was the desire of the colonel to have Mr. Price recruit a company for his Regiment. This proposition was so unexpected, so entirely beyond any idea entertained of qualification for a responsibility so great, as to be deemed quite impossible of acceptance. Mr. Carruthers was, there fore, assured that, in response to Col. Guss kind confidence, the matter would be considered in the possibility of accepting the less responsible trust of a lieutenancy. In the interview with Col. Guss, which followed, he urged the acceptance of his original pro position, upon the ground of his own judgment in the matter of qualification, stating some points which he regarded as of more primary importance than mere military training. The proposition of Col. Guss was eventually accepted, when the following letter, addressed to whom it may concern, authorized Capt. Price to commence recruiting his company: WEST CHESTER, PA., August 21, 1861. DEAR SIR: I have authorized Mr. Isaiah Price, of this borough, to recruit a company for the Chester County Regiment, and would bs pleased if you could lend him your counsel and aid in the matter. Mr. Price is a gentleman of character, and is an energetic, attentive man. Those in your vicinity who desire to enter the. service of their country will find Mr. Price reliable. Very truly, yours, HENRY R. Guss, On August 22, a message from Col. Guss informed Capt. Price that some young men were at the Green Tree Hotel, who desired to see him. He was then introduced to Mr. Emmor G. Griffith, and several others, from the vicinity of Warren Tavern post office, in Chester Valley. They were members of a company of home guards, Mr. Griffith being 1st lieutenant of the company. There ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY C. 27 had been an effort to have the company enter the service of the United States, but there not being sufficient unanimity among its members, those who were desirous of entering the service had determined to join Col. Guss regiment. They had come to West Chester for that purpose, and signified their willingness to enlist in Capt. Price s company. Their names being the first appended to his list of recruits, are here given: Emmor G. Griffith, East Whiteland; Stephen H. Eachus, David X. Ruth, Willistown; Samuel A. March, Alexander Beck, Joseph M. Lewis, East White- land; Henry Weidner, Charlestown; Franklin T. Eppright, Levi Keeley, William I). Thomas, East Whiteland; Joseph It. Acker. Joseph Kuglcr, Tredyffrin. It was then stated that there were others in that neighborhood desirous of enlisting, and it was proposed to call a meeting at the old Mennonite meeting house, then known as the Flat school house, in Chester Valley, of which public notice was given, inviting all to be present who were desirous of enlisting in the service. The meet ing was held on the evening of August 28, 1861, at which there was a large number in attendance. Some eloquent and stirring remarks were made by Dr. F. Taylor, of West Chester, presenting the necessity of the call of the government for troops. Remarks were also made by several of those who had joined Capt. Price s company, and, some reference being made to the home guard company, it became evident that some of the members of that or ganization were regarding the meeting as an effort to dismember the company. An officer of that company, upon obtaining the floor, endeavored to explain the status of the company and its action, and deprecated any effort to enlist the men of his company by others. Capt. Price, upon being presented to the meeting, expressed his regret that a misapprehension should exist in the minds of any in regard to the purpose of the meeting. He had been invited to meet at this place all persons in the vicinity who were desirous of immediately entering the service of the United States. He had been informed that there were a number in this neighborhood, and he was here to present them with an opportunity of so doing. If, however, there was an organized company here, whose officers were desirous of entering the service with their men, he would not ask a man to leave that company; but would, on the contrary, urge its officers to enlist these men and invite the company to join the regi ment of Col. Guss. 28 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. After the meeting, several names were added to the list of recruits. Capt. Price subsequently visited various localities in the vicinity of Chester Valley, accompanied by Lieut. Emmor G. Griffith, adding daily to the list of recruits. A meeting was also held at the Leopard Inn, in Williston township, which was largely attended and was addressed by Dr. Franklin Taylor, E. P. Needles, Esq., and others, several recruits being obtained. He also visited Chatham, New London, Oxford Borough, and other places in the county. At Ox ford, he attended a harvest home celebration, at which Capt. Waddell s company of Gray Reserves was present for parade and target practice, making a very favorable impression by their pro ficiency in drill, manoeuvres, firing, etc., and for their remarkably well conducted behavior. At the meeting, Capt. Price, in some brief remarks, called attention to the efforts being made to obtain recruits for the 97th Regiment, and invited those present, who were desirous of entering the service, to join that regiment, stating that he desired not to pursuade any one to enlist that each should be guided in the matter from a sense of duty and he would use not a single argu ment to induce any to assume otherwise so serious a responsibility. From this locality the list of recruits was largely increased. Having notified his recruits that the first muster would be had on the llth day of September, 1861, Capt. Price appointed the ren dezvous at the Green Tree Hotel, at 10 o clock A. M. They then proceeded to the armory of the National Guard, on Church Street, West Chester, where the surgeon of the Regiment, Dr. J. R. Ever- hart, made a personal examination of the recruits in accordance with the regulations of the service. Fifty-four men were passed for muster and then mustered into the service of the United States, for three years, by Capt. G. Pennypacker, mustering officer for the Regi ment, with Henry W. Carruthers, Esq., as 1st lieutenant, Capt. Price and 2d Lieut. Emmor G. Griffith awaiting muster until the number of men should reach an aggregate of eighty-three. When the muster was completed, Capt. Price marched the company to quar ters in Camp Wayne. It occupied the sheds from the southwest corner of the grounds along Rosedale Avenue, toward the east. Lumber had been furnished by the quarter master for making the quarters tenantable by the men, and tools furnished for the work. The men had arranged themselves in squads according to their ac quaintance and desire to associate. Straw had also been provided, ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY C. 29 and the men had brought with them overcoats and blankets for use until clothing, etc. could be issued. Before night, provisions had been issued, and everything under way of preparation to provide for the comfort of the men in camp. On September 16, twelve men were mustered; on the 17th, nine more; and on the 18th, seven, making the number eighty-one, sufficient to complete the company, at the minimum standard, by the muster of ( apt. Price and 2d Lieut. Einmor G. Griffith, en titling the company to rank third in the Regiment, and to be de signated Company C, with the honor of bearing the colors during the service, attaining the position just two days in advance of the next company organization. The militia name adopted by the company was the Paoli Guards, in compliment to the first list of recruits to join the company from that historic locality. On the 21st of September, fifteen men were added to the company, and on the 23d the company was completed by the muster of three men, making a total of one hundred and one, officers and men. Requisitions had been previously made for the requisite clothing, camp and garrison equipage, which were furnished from the Quarter- Master s Department, at Philadelphia, the invoices being signed by Col. G. H. Crossman, Deputy Quarter-Master General, and by Col. W. R. Gibson, Pay-Master U. S A. and acting military store keeper, and by C. A. Alligood, military storekeeper U. S. A., the entire outfit of the company being completed between September 21 and October 15. Arms were furnished by Col. T. J. Treadwell, 1st Lieutenant of Ordnance at the Frankford arsenal, and for warded by Col. G. H. Crossman, Deputy Quarter-Master General, consisting of ninety-eight muskets of the old pattern having been altered to percussion locks. They were received at Camp Wayne on September 23, 1861. There had been, from the day of muster, regular drill hours established, the men being divided into squads for exercise in the step and the march, facings, etc., under the direction of Lieut. Carruthers. Upon the completion of the muster, the following non commissioned officers had been appointed, September 18, 1861: 1st sergeant, Isaac Smedley; 2d sergeant, Francis J. Eachus; 3d sergeant, John D. Beaver; 4th sergeant, Joseph R. Acker; 5th sergeant, William Gardiner; 1st corporal, Gerritt S. Hambleton; 2d corporal, Stephen H. Eachus; 3d corporal, Joseph M. Lewis; 4th corporal, Henry Kauffman, Jr.; 5th corporal, Richard B. Moore; 30 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 6th corporal, Hibberd Aitkin; 7th corporal, Samuel W. Hawley; 8th corporal, Isaac A. Cleaver. To prepare the men for company drill, these officers were placed in charge of squads for instruction and practice in the preliminary movements, so that by the time the arms, etc., were received, they had attained very creditable progress, and were then instructed in the manual of arms; the day being divided into periods for the different movements ; a por tion being devoted to drill in squads without arms, a portion to the manual, in squads, and a portion to company drill in the step and the march, and later in the manual by the company and the march under arms ; allowing periods -of rest and recreation ample enough to avoid weariness to the men. The subsequent narration of events at Camp Wayne will be left for what is said in general of the Eegiment while at that locality. 1st Lieut. Carruthers having been designated by Col. Guss for the position of adjutant of the Regiment, he was, therefore, de tached from Company C, and mustered as adjutant, by Col. C. F. Ruff, United States mustering officer, October 31, 1861. On November 4, 2d Lieut. Emmor G. Griffith was promoted to 1st lieutenant, to fill the vacancy, and was mustered as such on No vember 5, 1861, by Maj. G. Pennypacker, mustering officer for the Regiment. It being understood that the men of the company would be permitted to designate their choice for promotion to the 2d lieutenancy, a vote was taken, when it was found that 5th Sergt. William Gardiner had received a majority of the votes of the company, whereupon he was appointed 2d lieutenant and sub sequently duly commissioned. He was mustered as 2d lieutenant on November 5, 1861, by Maj. G. Pennypacker. 1st Corp. Gerritt S. Hambleton was then promoted to be 5th sergeant of the company, and the remaining corporals advanced one in grade, Stephen H. Eachus being 1st corporal. Private John Y. McCarter was appointed 8th corporal, to rank from November 5, 1861. - On November 4, 1861, William Wollerton, Esq., an Associate Judge of the county of Chester, upon the application of the parents of William Shingle (an alleged minor), enlisted in Company C, issued a writ of habeas corpus, directed to the company commander, requiring him to produce the soldier before him, for a hearing, on November 5, at 10 o clock A. M. Capt. Price appeared with the recruit at the hour named, and made answer that he held the VACANCIES AND PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY C. 31 soldier upon a regular and voluntary enlistment into the United States service, he having stated his age to be eighteen years, that his parents knew of his coming to enlist and made no objection thereto. His parents, however, claimed that his age was only seventeen years, and manifested great unwillingness to his enlist ment, The lad was equally anxious to serve his country in the company. The Judge, however, decided upon his discharge on the ground of minority. While at Camp Wayne, Private James J. Wilson, in wrestling, fractured the small bone of his leg, near the ancle. He received prompt attention from Surgeons Everhart and Miller, and was treated with great care and attention by his comrades at the hospital. The accident cast a feeling of regret over the men, which tended to moderate the enjoyment of feats of agility and tests of strength in the camp. He regained the use of his limb before the Regiment was ordered to march, much to his own gratification, as he had suffered as much from the fear of being left behind as he did from his hurt. After being in camp a few weeks, Corp. Hibberd Aitkin was taken ill, with hemorrhage of the lungs, and was removed to his home, where lie remained when the Regiment was ordered to Washington, being unable to leave his bed. He continued to de cline notwithstanding he received the best medical care and at tention until the 16th of July, 1862, when he died. His absence from the company and subsequent death were most deeply felt by his comrades, with whom he had become a great favorite for his genial, lively and social disposition, which, by its gentle and win ning influence, had endeared him to all. The death of 5th Sergt. Gerritt S. Hambleton, on the 30th of January, 1862, which is more particularly noticed in the narrative of the Regiment, was also a most serious loss to the company. His qualities and services, in the brief period of the voyage to Hilton Head, had become recognized as unobtrusive and most efficient to a degree that made each member of the company, and of the Regi ment, so far as his intercourse extended, his earnest friend. This loss was quickly followed by that of Private Joseph R. McKinley, who died on board the transport Boston, in Warsaw Sound, Ga., during the siege of Fort Pulaski, of ship fever, February 1, 1862. Within a very few days, 2d Lieut. Gardiner was also prostrated by the same disease, and died on the 19th of February. This sue- 34 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ment of 2d Corp. John Y. McCarter to hospital steward. To fill vacancies, the remaining corporals were advanced in grade as they occurred; and, on May 6, the following additional appointments were made, by order of Col. H. R. Guss, in Special Order No, 13: Private C. Burleigh Hambleton to 6th corporal, to rank from January 22, 1863; Private Maris Peirce to 7th corporal, to rank from February 8, 1863; Private M. Davis Thomas to 8th cor poral, to rank from April 1, 1863. Owing to failing health, 2d Lieut. Isaac Smedley had tendered his resignation, on March 9, which, being accepted in April, created a vacancy in the line. To fill this, 1st Sergt. Henry Kauffman was appointed 2d lieutenant, to rank as such from March 9, 1863. The four remaining sergeants were advanced one in grade, the order promoting them and filling the vacancy being dated July 1, 1863. 2d Sergt. J. D. Beaver was released from duty as color bearer to fulfil the duties of 1st sergeant; 1st Corp. Isaac A. Cleaver was appointed 5th sergeant; 2d Corp. B. L. Kent was promoted to 1st corporal; the six re maining corporals were advanced one in grade, and Private Jesse D. Farra was promoted to 8th corporal; on February 29, 1864, 1st Corp. B. L. Kent was discharged to re-enlist as veteran; he was re-appointed 3d corporal on same date. The next vacancy in the company officers was caused by the pro motion of Capt. Price to major, to rank from April 3, 1864. This was filled by the appointment of Adjt. H. W. Carruthers, formerly 1st lieutenant of Company C, to be captain. These commissions were not received until June 6, 1864, when, owing to the absence of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, on account of wounds, these officers could not be mustered until his return and muster as lieutenant colonel of the Regiment. On May 18, in action at Green Plains, Va., 2d Sergt. Isaac Acker was killed, and 4th Corp. R. B. Wilson and 7th Corp. M. Davis Thomas were mortally wounded. The latter died on May 24 and the former on the 25th. On May 28, the 3d, 4th and 5th sergeants were advanced to 2d, 3d and 4th sergeants, respectively, and 1st Corp. B. L. Kent was appointed 5th sergeant; 2d and 3d Corps. Miller and Beidler were promoted to 1st and 2d corporals; 5th and 6th Corps. Hambleton and Peirce were pro moted to 3d and 4th corporals, and 8th Corp. Farra to 5th corporal; Privates J. J. Dewees, L. R. Thomas and G. W. Abel were promoted to 6th, 7th and 8th corporals, respectively. On August 16, 1864, Capt. H. W. Carruthers was mortally wounded in action, at Straw- VACANCIES AND PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY C. 35 berry Plains, Va., from which he died on August 22, 1864. There was no immediate promotion to fill the vacancy. Corp. L. R. Thomas was appointed quarter-master sergeant, September 1, 1864, vice Qr. Mr. Sergt. Taggart, and transferred to non-commissioned staff. As the term of service of the original officers and men expired, from September 11 to 21, they were mustered out by Capt. T. E. Lord, and returned home, except 1st Lieut. F. J. Eachus, against whom charges were pending for trial before court-martial, and three non-commissioned officers and seven privates, who had re-enlisted at Fernandina, Fla., in accordance with general orders of the War Department, No. 191, series of 1863, and No. 25, of 1864. Of these, Sergt. Kent, having applied for promotion in the United States colored troops, was ordered to report to the superintendent of recruiting service for duty in the Department of the Southwest, about the end of August, having received notice of his being ap pointed to a captaincy in the 13th U. S. II y. Art. (colored troops). He was, however, not discharged and re-mustered until the 17th of April, 1865, owing to the arbitrary and unjust conduct of the colonel of the Regiment, but having vigorously endeavored to obtain his muster, it was ordered by Special Order No. 47, Head-Quarters De partment of Kentucky. Capt. Kent encountered and overcame the most persistent and systematic injustice, on the part of the com manding officer of the Regiment, to prevent his muster, by assigning the men obtained by him to other companies, so as to reap the ad vantage of his success in recruiting himself. Capt. Kent finally presented himself before the proper authorities, with a sufficient number of men, and was duly mustered as captain of Company E, 13th Regiment, before reporting with his men to the colonel, other wise he would have been still further delayed and prevented, from drawing the pay due to rc-imburse the heavy expenses incurred for the recruiting service out of his own means. Qr. Mr. Sergt. Leonard R. Thomas was promoted to 2d lieu tenant, September 23, 1864, vice Kauft man, term expired. About the same time, Corp. Abel was promoted to sergeant, and to 1st sergeant; Private Warren to corporal and to 2d sergeant; and Private Showalter to 3d sergeant. Privates Thomas Clark and William Hammill, drafted, Francis Hoffman and Cyrus M. Davis, veterans, were the first corporals appointed after the discharge of the former non-commissioned officers. Among the men assigned to 36 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the Regiment, October 20, 1864, were two Polanders, who claimed to be officers in the Polish army, one a captain and the other a lieutenant, who desired to serve in our army for the advantage of its drill and discipline. These men, Casper Slabowski and Albert Lesczzynski were appointed corporals, and subsequently sergeants of the company, being discharged with the Regiment in that rank. On the 3d of November, 1864, 1st Lieut. F. J. Eachus was discharged. The court-martial before which he was tried, having found him guilty of the charges preferred, had sentenced him to be dishonorably discharged from the service; but, pending the promulgation of the sentence, upon his earnest application, Col. Pennypacker interposed no objection to his being mustered out of service, upon his claim of expiration of service, which was accord ingly done, by Capt. T. E. Lord, on the above date. To fill this vacancy, 2d Lieut. Leonard R. Thomas was promoted, the date of his appointment being November 1, 1864. No other promotions followed until after the action at Fort Fisher, N. C. On February 1, 1st Lieut. Thomas was promoted to captain; 1st Scrgt. George W. Abel to 1st lieutenant; 2d Sergt. Warren to 1st sergeant. On February 1, Capt. Thomas was promoted to major, vice Martin, promoted to lieutenant colonel; his commission was not received until June; he was not mustered as major. 1st Lieut. Abel received promotion, same date, to captain, but was not mustered. On May 1, 1st Sergt. Charles Warren was promoted to 2d lieutenant, and on June 1 to 1st lieutenant, but was not mustered. On same date, Sergt. C. B. Showalter was promoted to 1st sergeant and to 2d lieutenant, but was not mustered. The only remaining promotions were those of Corps. Hammill, Davis, Sla bowski and Lesczzynski to sergeants. The dates of promotion of Corps. Hammill and Davis were recorded as July 1 and 26, 1865, respectively; of the others no dates could be found. Corp. Clark was killed, at Fort Fisher, N. C., January 15, 1865, and Corp. Hoffman was transferred to Company E, 3d U. S. Arty., June 24, 1865. The following named privates were appointed corporals; Isaac Rodgers and James H. Quinby, date of appointment unknown ; both were discharged, by general order, on June 5 and 28, 1865, respectively; Thomas H. Bastian, substitute, appointed corporal April 1, 1865, was discharged by general order, June 23, 1865; George J. Switzer, drafted, promoted to corporal June 26, 1865; John Latch and Henry H. Stiteler, veterans, were promoted to ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY I). 37 corporals, July 1, 1865; Joseph Brown and Daniel W. Clcmmer, drafted, promoted to eorporals; no date given. The five last named were all mustered out with the company. COMPANY 1), CONCORDYILLE RIFLES. The fourth company of the 97th Regiment was recruited by William S. Mcndenhall, of Chadd s Ford, Delaware County, Pa. He was descended from a family of English Quakers, who emi grated to America during the persecutions of that people in Eng land, and settled in Concord, Delaware County, contemporary with the William Penn settlers in Pennsylvania. Two brothers, Moses and Robert Mendenhall, and a sister, who married a Mr. West, and was the mother of Benjamin West, the celebrated painter, were among the earliest settlers, from whom sprung a numerous family. Their descendants, for several generations, were landed proprietors in Chester and Delaware counties, leading the quiet life of Friends, well-to-do and respected. Caleb Mendenhall, grandfather of Wil liam, married a Miss Taylor, of W r esttown, of whom were born two sons and five daughters. They lived near Chadd s Ford, Delaware County. Their youngest son, J. Taylor Mcndenhall, married Miss Julia Speakman, daughter of William Speakman, of Dilworthtown. The eldest son of this marriage was William S. Mendenhall, born at the historic locality of Chadd s Ford, October 13, 1830. At the death of his parents, when about five years of age, he went to reside with his Grandfather Speakman, who sent him regularly to school until about thirteen years of age, w r hen the death of his grandfather occurred. He then found a home with Mr. James Cloud, of Con- cordville, Delaware County, where he remained, going to school occasionally, until near sixteen years of age, when he found a place in the office of Hon. Nimrod Strickland, editor of the " American Republican," at West Chester, Pa. About a year after, when the Mexican War broke out, young Mendenhall, fired with patriotic ardor, volunteered under the call of President Polk, in December, 1846, for ten new regiments to reinforce the army in Mexico. He joined, and was appointed a corporal in Capt. C. J. Biddle s company, in Philadelphia, which was ordered to rendezvous at Bra/os San tiago, in February, 1847. It was then assigned to the 1st Regiment U. S. Voltigeurs, under command of Col. F. P. Andrews, with 36 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the Regiment, October 20, 1864, were two Polanders, who claimed to be officers in the Polish army, one a captain and the other a lieutenant, who desired to serve in our army for the advantage of its drill and discipline. These men, Casper Slabowski and Albert Lesczzynski were appointed corporals, and subsequently sergeants of the company, being discharged with the Regiment in that rank. On the 3d of November, 1864, 1st Lieut. F. J. Eachus was discharged. The court-martial before which he was tried, having found him guilty of the charges preferred, had sentenced him to be dishonorably discharged from the service; but, pending the promulgation of the sentence, upon his earnest application, Col. Pcnnypacker interposed no objection to his being mustered out of service, upon his claim of expiration of service, which was accord ingly done, by Capt. T. E. Lord, on the above date. To fill this vacancy, 2d Lieut. Leonard R. Thomas was promoted, the date of his appointment being November 1, 1864. No other promotions followed until after the action at Fort Fisher, N. C. On February 1, 1st Lieut. Thomas was promoted to captain; 1st Sergt. George W. Abel to 1st lieutenant; 2d Sergt. Warren to 1st sergeant. On February 1, Capt. Thomas was promoted to major, vice Martin, promoted to lieutenant colonel; his commission was not received until June; he was not mustered as major. 1st Lieut. Abel received promotion, same date, to captain, but was not mustered. On May 1, 1st Sergt. Charles Warren was promoted to 2d lieutenant, and on June 1 to 1st lieutenant, but was not mustered. On same date, Sergt. C. B. Showalter was promoted to 1st sergeant and to 2d lieutenant, but was not mustered. The only remaining promotions were those of Corps. Hammill, Davis, Sla bowski and Lesczzynski to sergeants. The dates of promotion of Corps. Hammill and Davis were recorded as July 1 and 26, 1865, respectively; of the others no dates could be found. Corp. Clark was killed, at Fort Fisher, N. C., January 15, 1865, and Corp. Hoffman was transferred to Company E, 3d U. S. Arty., June 24, 1865. The following named privates were appointed corporals: Isaac Rodgers and James H. Quinby, date of appointment unknown ; both were discharged, by general order, on June 5 and 28, 1865, respectively; Thomas H. Bastian, substitute, appointed corporal April 1, 1865, was discharged by general order, June 23, 1865; George J. Switzer, drafted, promoted to corporal June 26, 1865; John Latch and Henry H. Stiteler, veterans, were promoted to ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY D. 37 corporals, July 1, 1865; Joseph Brown and Daniel W. Clemmer, drafted, promoted to corporals; no date given. The five last named were all mustered out with the company. COMPANY I), CONCORDVILLE RIFLES. The fourth company of the 97th Regiment was recruited by William S. Mendenhall, of Chadd s Ford, Delaware County, Pa. He was descended from a family of English Quakers, who emi grated to America during the persecutions of that people in Eng land, and settled in Concord, Delaware County, contemporary with the William Penn settlers in Pennsylvania. Two brothers, Moses and Robert Mendenhall, and a sister, who married a Mr. West, and was the mother of Benjamin West, the celebrated painter, were among the earliest settlers, from whom sprung a numerous family. Their descendants, for several generations, were landed proprietors in Chester and Delaware counties, leading the quiet life of Friends, well-to-do and respected. Caleb Mendenhall, grandfather of Wil liam, married a Miss Taylor, of Westtown, of whom were born two sons and five daughters. They lived near Chadd s Ford, Delaware County. Their youngest son, J. Taylor Mendenhall, married Miss Julia Speakman, daughter of William Speakman, of Dilworthtown. The eldest son of this marriage was William S. Mendenhall, born at the historic locality of Chadd s Ford, October 13, 1830. At the death of his parents, when about five years of age, he went to reside with his Grandfather Speakman, who sent him regularly to school until about thirteen years of age, when the death of his grandfather occurred. He then found a home with Mr. James Cloud, of Con- cordville, Delaware County, where he remained, going to school occasionally, until near sixteen years of age, when he found a place in the office of Hon. Nimrod Strickland, editor of the " American Republican," at West Chester, Pa. About a year after, when the Mexican War broke out, young Mendenhall, fired with patriotic ardor, volunteered under the call of President Polk, in December, 1846, for ten new regiments to reinforce the army in Mexico. He joined, and was appointed a corporal in Capt. C. J. Biddle s company, in Philadelphia, which was ordered to rendezvous at Brazos San tiago, in February, 1847. It was then assigned to the 1st Regiment U. S. Voltigeurs, under command of Col. F. P. Andrews, with 38 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Lieut. Col. Joseph E. Johnson and Majs. Talbot and Caldwell, all of the U. S. A. He participated with his regiment in the siege of Vera Cruz, under Gen. Scott, and with Gen. Cadwalader, in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Jalapa, Perote and Puebla, and in assisting to keep open communication between Vera Cruz and Puebla; afterwards, in the valley of the city of Mexico; at the battle of Contreras, August 20, 1847; at Buena Vista, Cherubusco, and Molino del Rey, September 11; and at Casa del Mata, where he was wounded in the right foot; on the 13th of September, at the fierce storming of Chepultepec, the key to the gates of Mexico, he was again slightly wounded in the head, and was with the final assault upon the last defences of the city and the triumphal entrance into the Mexican capital He remained with the army of occupa tion until after the conclusion of peace, July 4, 1848. His regi ment left Mexico, in October, and was disbanded at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, November, 1848. After an honorable discharge, and with the commendation of his officers for faithful services, he returned to West Chester, being then about eighteen years of age. The discovery of gold in California, during the winter of 184S, having attracted his attention, he joined a company of adventurers known as the Philadelphia Mining Com pany. Their vessel, the Clarissa Perkins, sailed in January, 1849. After a tedious and eventful voyage around Cape Horn, they arrived at San Francisco, having been out eight months and fourteen days. The city at that time was a motley collection of tents and houses, property of every description being strewn about without owners, people having abandoned all and emigrated to the mines. This com pany followed the example in eager haste to reach the El Dorado. After a varied experience at the mines on Sacramento and Ameri can Rivers, attended by little success, he joined Col. Fremont s ex ploring party for Southern California, in the Fall of 1849, but, pur sued by hostile Indians, the party returned to winter at Long Gulch and engaged in mining successfully. He remained in California until the summer of 1858, continued mining at various places, and was connected with prospecting parties in exploring, while a wilder ness, most of the places that have since become noted towns and cities peopled with numerous inhabitants, prosperous in the products of adventurous enterprise and wealth. He was also active in the organization of companies of mounted men for defence against hostile Indians, who resisted the presence of the white man in his ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY D. 39 native wilds. The narration of these adventures, affording material and interest for a volume, would be too extensive for the present sketch. After ten years of pioneer life, with its attendant hardships and exposures, Mr. Mendenhall returned to the Atlantic States in the summer of 1858. The next two years were spent in traveling through the Northern and Southern States. During 1860, he was in Texas and Alabama, while Yancey, llhett and others were firing the Southern heart, and was present when the secession de claration of the Montgomery convention was received with the wildest joy by the people. The firing upon Maj. Anderson, at Fort Sumter; the attack of the Alabama State troops on Mount Vernon Island and the forts of Mobile harbor, and the treachery of Gen. Twiggs, in Texas, events following in such rapid succession, deter mined the patriotic young democrat to choose sides in the coming conflict involving the life of his country. Quietly making his arrangements, he resolved to proceed north by the first opportunity. This he effected, arriving at Wilmington, Del., in time to join the 1st Delaware Regiment (three months vo lunteers), under the first call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand men, on April 26, 1801. The regiment was commanded by Col. H. H. Lockwood, and was by the War Department sta tioned upon duty on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, from Havre de Grace to Baltimore, to guard the road and bridges from interruption and keep open the line of communication to Washington during the gathering of the army. The regiment was disbanded, at the expiration of the three months service, at Wilmington, August 7, 1861. Upon his return, at the end of that service, with the 1st Dela ware Regiment, W. S. Mendenhall was solicited, by several of his Delaware acquaintances, to form a company for the three years service, in which his Delaware County friends also joined, and, having received from Col. Guss authority to recruit a company for the 97th Regiment, he determined to canvass in Delaware County, with head-quarters at Concordville. Within a few days, over fifty men signed the roll of his company, which was called the Concord ville Rifles, in honor of his boyhood home. A meeting was called, at Media, on August 23, 1861, to organize the company and select its officers. It was held at the office of Jesse L. Cummins, Esq. The day being very wet the attendance was not large. The pro ceedings are here given: 40 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. MEDIA, PA., August 23, 1861. The persons enrolled for the formation of a company of volunteers to form a part of the regiment being organized by Col. Henry R. Guss, of West Chester, met, pursuant to notice, in Media, this evening. Mr. Jesse L. Cummins was called to the chair, and Dr. G. B. Hotchkins appointed secretary of the meeting. The roll being called, the following persons answered to their names: Wil liam S. Mendenhall, Concord ville ; George W. Williams, Crozier- ville; Isaac Fawkes, Dil worth to wn ; Charles H. Hannum, Philip E. Hannum, Concordville; Stephen W. Cloud, David M. Cloud, Lewis C. Cloud, Henry H. Cloud, Harmon B. Cloud, John Jordan, Wil mington, Del.; Isaac B. Hannum, John Sheen, Michael Karney, Jesse Walters, William H. Larkin, Concord; Joseph Russell, Bir mingham; Samuel Parker, Lenni; Charles S. Cloud, John F. Cloud, Crozierville. After some discussion in reference to the small attendance ol the persons enrolled, it was resolved to proceed with the organiza tion. Nominations for officers were then made as follows: for captain, William S. Mendenhall; for 1st lieutenant, George W. Williams and Isaac Fawkes; for 2d lieutenant, Isaac Fawkes and Charles H. Hannum. William S Mendenhall was elected captain by acclamation. On balloting for 1st lieutenant, George W. Williams received fifteen votes and Isaac Fawkes five votes. George W. Williams was de clared elected 1st lieutenant. On balloting for 2d lieutenant, Isaac Fawkes received seven votes, and Charles H. Hannum thirteen votes. Charles H. Hannum was declared duly elected 2d lieute nant. Charles H. Hannum then arose and declined the office, stating he believed Mr. Fawkes more capable of performing the duties of that office, and moved the re-nomination of Isaac Fawkes. On motion, his proposition was accepted, and Isaac Fawkes was declared unanimously elected 2d lieutenant. On motion, a vote of thanks was unanimously given to the officers of the meeting for their services, and to Mr. James R. Cummins for a bountiful supper given to the company present, and for the use of his office for the meeting. Also to Mr. Charles H. Hannum for his patriotic conduct in giving up a valuable office for the best good of the company. [Signed] J. L. CUMMINS, Pres t. G. B. HOTCHKINS, Sec y. ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY D. 41 This mooting having effected the organization, the enrollment proceeded rapidly, after some stirring appeals posted throughout the county and in the papers. It was found necessary to establish a permanent rendezvous, where the enrolled men might be supplied with subsistence and quarters until arrangements were made for their muster into the service. Thirty-six men were collected and occupied quarters in Camp Wayne, West Chester, about September 1, 1861. The sheds on the eastern side of the camp were fixed up for barracks. Provisions, cooking utensils, and blankets for tem porary use, were supplied through the generosity of the citizens of West Chester. The first muster was had on September 6, 1861, when 1st Sergt. Henry Odiorne and thirty-nine men were mustered into the service, at Camp Wayne, by Capt. G. Pennypacker. On September 9, 1st Lieut. George W. \Villiams, of Crozierville, who had materially assisted in recruiting the company, was mus tered, by the same officer, with thirteen additional men. On the llth, there was a muster of six men; on the 16th, ten men; on the 18th, two men; on the 19th, three men; on -the 20th, Capt. Mendenhall and 2d Lieut. Isaac Fawkes, with six additional men were mustered, making an aggregate of eighty-three, officers and men, completing the organization at the minimum number and giving the captain fourth place in rank of company officers. On September 21, four additional men were mustered; on the 23d, seven men; on the 24th, five men, and on the 28th, two men; making the aggregate of one hundred and one, officers and men. The non-commissioned officers then designated were: 1st ser geant, Henry Odiorne; 2d sergeant, Charles H. Hannum; 3d sergeant, Samuel McBride; 4th sergeant, John E. Davis; 5th ser geant, Isaac B. Taylor; 1st corporal, David W. Odiorne; 2d corporal, Stephen W. Cloud; 3d corporal, Wilbur F. Flannery; 4th corporal, James A. Allen; 5th corporal, William H. Snyder; 6th corporal, William McCarty; 7th corporal, David M. Cloud; 8th corporal, Robert Fairlamb. To fill vacancies, caused by discharge and desertions at Camp Wayne, there were subsequent musters as follows: on October 17, one man; October 26, one man; November 4, one man, and November 13, two men; making the entire muster for the company, at West Chester, three commissioned officers and one hundred and three men; total, one hundred and six. 42 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. For this company, and those previously organized, the number could have been largely increased, beyond the limit, from the numerous applications after they were filled. Many of these appli cants subsequently entered other companies. Two men deserted from Camp Wayne and were not retaken. Two were discharged, for disability, in October, 1861. On October 12, 1861, the company was invited to a reception by the citizens of Concordville, Delaware Co., and marched from West Chester, at 9 A. M., taking the West Chester and Wilmington plank road, a distance of eight miles, to Concordville, arriving at 11 A. M., where the company was heartily welcomed by a large concourse of citizens assembled to greet them. Several prominent citizens addressed the command in patriotic speeches, which were replied to by Capt. Mendenhall and others of the company, pledging the fidelity of the entire command to the country in her time of peril and need. Much enthusiasm was mani fested. The men sat down to a sumptuous dinner, at 1 P. M., under the shade trees. The repast was furnished by the ladies of the vicinity, who vied with each other in attentions to the gallant men, many of whom were never to return to revisit the scene of this most cordial welcome, the remembrance of which lived as a green spot in the recollections of home during the years of peril, hardship and suffering that followed in the field. After dinner, the company paraded and drilled to the satisfaction of all present. About 4.30 P. M., they set out on their return march, in the midst of a rain storm, giving nine hearty cheers for the people of Concordville and its vicinity for their royal wel come. After a march of three miles, the company, well drenched with the rain, reached Cheyney s Station, on the West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad, where they took cars for West Chester, arriving at Camp Wayne about 6.30 P. M., wet and tired but greatly gratified with one of the most pleasant days in the history of the company. A few days after the events just noticed, Capt. Mendenhall s Concordville friends made him a present of a handsome Colt s revolver as a testimonial of their esteem, which he carried through the entire service. The time in Camp Wayne was spent in constant drill and exer cise, preparing the men for service in the field. About October 3, the company was armed, uniformed and equipped for active service, ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY D. 43 the arms being the smooth-bore percussion muskets, received from the Bridesburg arsenal. The average ages of the officers and men of Company D was twenty-one years, many having a youthful ap pearance. It was remarked by William Whitehead, Esq., who administered the oath of enlistment to the first forty men on the enrollment list, " That the men looked young for soldiers." Capt. Mendenhall replied, "They are the best material for soldiers; they will develop into hardy tough men." Before the close of the war, his observation proved correct, as the hardiest men of the company were the youngest. About the 18th of October, Capt. Mendenhall appealed to the people of Concord and of Delaware County, soliciting their aid in procuring an outfit of rubber blankets to protect his men in the winter campaign. A meeting was called at Concord ville and a subscription list started. By the earnest endeavors of Hon. Wil liam Gamble, Mrs. Dr. Pennock, and a host of other friends, the company was furnished with a complete outfit of rubber blankets before their departure for the field of duty. The roster of Com pany D, in another part of this work, sets forth the record of each man, so far as could be obtained from every available source, and will show the promotions in each grade as far as was possible to ob tain the dates of promotion. The personal remarks in the company roster, enclosed in brackets, are taken from a record roll, furnished by Capt. Mendenhall, and are given without any intention of making invidious distinction. About the 1st of December, 1863, at Fernandina, Fla., fifty men of Company D re-enlisted as veterans, in conformity with terms of general orders of the War Department, Washington, D. C., No. 191, series of 1863. They were subsequently re-mustered by 1st Lieut. M. V. B. Richardson, A. C. M. Dept. South, to date from enrollment, December 1, 1863. They returned home, with the veterans of the Regiment, upon veteran furlough of thirty days, under command of Capt. W. S. Mendenhall, starting from Fernan dina, Fla., on the 27th of March, 1864. The account of the return is given in the narrative of the Regiment. From a tabular statement, furnished by Capt. Mendenhall, of the casualties in his company, the following summary is taken: Total number mustered at Camp Wayne, three officers and one hundred and three men; total, one hundred and six. Of the enlisted men, three deserted and two were discharged at West Chester. At the 44 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. end of the war, of the officers and men originally enlisted, there had been killed two commissioned officers and fourteen enlisted men; wounded, two commissioned officers and thirty enlisted men; died from wounds, four enlisted men; discharged for wounds, three en listed men; died from sickness, nine enlisted men; discharged for disability, one commissioned officer (resigned), and twelve enlisted men; transferred, one enlisted man; discharged, at the expiration of service, one commissioned officer, two sergeants, seven corporals and sixteen privates; one recruit, received May 1, 1864; total ac counted for, one hundred and seven, officers and men. Of the fifty re-enlisted veterans, included in above account, nine were killed, two died of wounds, one was captured, wounded and died in rebel prison, nineteen were wounded, one discharged for wounds, one transferred and seventeen not injured; total, fifty. These losses occurred chiefly before the expiration of the original term of service. Of the twenty-three drafted men assigned to the company, at Fer- nandina, Fla., two were killed, seven wounded, four discharged for wounds, eight deserted and two were transferred. COMPANY E, MULLIGAN GUARDS. Company E was recruited by William McConnell, a naturalized citizen of the United States, born in Caven Co., Ireland, about the year 1827. He received an excellent education at a college in Londonderry. He emigrated to this country, with other members of his family, about the year 1848, settled in Philadelphia, and was engaged in a mercantile house as clerk and book-keeper. After a few years, he went to New York, where, in 1852, he married Eliza Jane Jephson, of that city. He soon afterwards found employment as a house painter. He then returned to Philadelphia, and about 1853 removed to West Chester, Pa., where he followed the oc cupation of painting, with diligence and success, for several years previous to the war. He became an active member of the National Guards, and was a thoroughly drilled soldier. He had received an appointment as a non-commissioned officer in his company, and was noted for accuracy and precision in the various movements of the drill, etc. When his company, commanded by Capt. H. R. Guss, marched to Harrisburg, in April, 1861, to enter the three months service, with ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY E. 45 a sufficient number of men enrolled to organize three companies, he was appointed 1st sergeant of Company E, 9th Regiment P. V., and served in that capacity during the term, an account of which is elsewhere given. Upon the return and muster out of the 9th Regiment, at I larris- Imrg, July 29, 1861, Sergt. McConnell was authorized, by Col. H. R. Guss, to recruit a company for his Regiment. Upon this duty he entered with energy and determination, about the 5th of August, 1861, and soon began to realize success. The men he enlisted were chiefly naturalized citizens, of his native land, residents of Chester County, who espoused the cause of their adopted country in her conflict with treason. They generally made sturdy, reliable soldiers, efficient in the field of battle and in the arduous trench duty that became so largely the experience of the Regiment during the war. On September 9, 1861, the first muster for the company was made, by Maj. G. Pennypacker, of thirty men; on the llth, nine men were mustered; on the 14th, one man; on the 15th, two men; on the 16th, ten men; on the 18th, seven men; on the 2()th, one man; on the 2lst, three men; on the 23d, six men; on the 24th, one man, an aggregate of seventy men, when John W. Babb, of West Chester, was mustered as 1st lieutenant of the company. On the 2()th of September, Capt. McConnell collected his men, sixty having been mustered, and occupied the barracks on the eastern side of Camp Wayne. Additional musters were made each day, as recruits were enlisted. On 2d of October, the number had reached eighty- . two, when Capt. McConnell was mustered, and the company desig nated as Company E, 97th Pennsylvania Volunteers, it being the sixtli company organized. John McGrath, of West Chester, was also mustered, on the 2d of October, as 2d lieutenant. The officers and non-commissioned officers were as follows: captain, William McConnell, West Chester; 1st lieutenant, John W. Babb, West Chester; 2d lieutenant, John McGrath, West Chester; 1st sergeant, James McWilliatns; 2d sergeant, Samuel D. Smith; 3d sergeant, James Coughlin; 4th sergeant, John McNamee; 5th sergeant, Patrick Carter; 1st corporal, George L. Smith; 2d corporal, Edward Corcoran; 3d corporal, George Jenkins; 4th corporal, Bernard McDermott; 5th corporal, William Glanding; Gth corpo ral, James O. Day; 7th corporal, John Sullivan; 8th corporal, William H. Spicer; musicians, Charles Riley, Jr., and Hugh O Donnell, Jr.; wagoner, Jonathan Pine. 46 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. The militia name adopted by the company was Mulligan Guards. The company was filled to the maximum number, October 29, seven teen men having been mustered subsequent to October 2; on No vember 8 and December 26, two additional men were mustered to fill vacancies from desertions. One of these, enlisted by 1st Lieut. Taylor, of Company H, joined the company, at Warsaw Sound, Ga., July 15, 1862. On February 10, 1862, another recruit, Francis Carter, was enlisted at West Chester, Pa., and forwarded to the com pany with other recruits ; he was subsequently promoted to corporal, re-enlisted as a veteran volunteer, in February, 1864; was captured in action, near Petersburg, Va., July 16, 1864; was prisoner until December 21, 1864, and died at Annapolis, Md., December 30, 1864, while a paroled prisoner of war. The men of Company E were of a hearty, robust physique, and many of them, after re ceiving the benefit of careful training by Capt. McConnell and his officers, made very good soldiers; but the climate of the South proved more disastrous to this company than to some of the others, the men seeming to be more subject to the chills and with prevalent tendency to chronic diarrhoea. Those who remained able for duty were very effective soldiers, both in the field and at fatigue duty upon the lines of intrenchment and earthworks. On April 26, 1862, 1st Lieut. John H. Babb resigned, on account of failing health from climatic influence. 2d Lieut. John McGrath was then promoted to 1st lieutenant and 4th Sergt John McNamee was promoted to 2d lieutenant. He served until May 9, 1863, when he resigned, and was honorably discharged on surgeon s certificate of disability. 1st Sergt. James Me Williams was then promoted to 2d lieutenant. At Fernandina, Fla., in February, 1864, twenty-six men of Company E re-enlisted as veterans and went home on fur lough for thirty days. The names of these men appear on the company roster marked " Vet." Owing to failing health, from exposure during the arduous duties in the Department of the South, Capt. McConnell was honorably discharged, April 28, 1864, when the Regiment reached Hilton Head, S. C., en route to join Gen. Butler s command, at Gloucester Point, Va. He returned home and became somewhat improved in health, but he never fully recovered. He died at his home, in West Chester, Pa., August 14, 1866, of hemorrhage of bowels, resulting from the effects of long prostration from chronic diarrhoea. Upon the resignation of Capt. McConnell, there was no pro- ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY F. 47 motion to fill the vacancy. 1st Lieut. McGrath commanded the company for a time; but, being detailed upon duty in the quarter master and commissary departments, the company was mostly com manded by 2d Lieut. Me Williams until his discharge, November 3, 1864. 1st Lieut. John McGrath was discharged on account of ex piration of term of service, November 10, 1864. The original men of the company, who had not re-enlisted, were discharged as their terms of service expired, and returned to their homes, being fur nished with transportation to the place of enlistment. 1st Sergt. Samuel D. Smith was promoted to 1st lieutenant, December 6, 1864, and commanded the company during the re mainder of the service. He was commissioned and mustered as captain of the company, May 1, 1865, and continued its com manding officer until mustered out, August 28, 1865. On May 1, 1st Sergt. John C. Nicholson was mustered as 1st lieutenant and Sergt. John Sullivan as 2d lieutenant. These officers were mustered out with the company, August 28, 1864, having received their pro motion for gallant and meritorious service at Fort Fisher, N. C. There has been no complete record found of the dates of pro motions of the non-commissioned officers from which a correct list could be made, or it would have been given. It is believed that the roster of the company will show the names of all who were thus promoted, in the different grades, but some dates are necessarily omitted. COMPANY F, NATIONAL GUARDS. The sixth company of the 97th Regiment was recruited by De Witt Clinton Lewis, of West Chester, Pa. His paternal grand father, Phineas Lewis, born in Chester Co., Pa., was the son of a Welsh emigrant, James Lewis, who came to this country previous to the Revolution. He became a soldier in the American army and served during the War of Independence. The grandmother of Capt. Lewis, also of Welsh descent, was one of the survivors of the massacre at Wyoming, having escaped by drifting down the Susque- hanna, the night after, in a flat-boat. His grandfather, on his mother s side, Patrick McKennin, a Scotch-Irishman, who came to this country before the Revolution, also became a soldier in the American army and served during the war. He was wounded at 48 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the battle of Brandywine. He died at the age of ninety years. Mary, his wife, was a German girl, who came to this country when quite young, and was sold by the captain .of the vessel, for payment of her passage, as was often the case at that period. Capt. Lewis father was Benjamin Lewis, of Chester Co., Pa., somewhat extensively known as a school teacher, and, during the last few years of his life, engaged at Gause s Academy, on the Brandywine, near Marshalton. He died at the age of twenty-eight years. His mother, Margaret (McKennin) Lewis, was born in Chester Co., and died at the age of seventy-eight years. DC W. C. Lewis was born near West Chester, Pa., on the 30th of July, 1822. After the death of his father, he lived with the family of Joseph Taylor, father of Bayard Taylor, during the boyhood of the poet, . until sixteen years of age, after which he learned the trade of a carpenter with Samuel Way, at West Chester, Pa. Having a liking for a military life, at the age of eighteen, he joined a volunteer company in West Chester, called the National Grays, commanded by Capt. William Apple. He continued an active member until the company was disbanded, in 1842. On the breaking out of the war with Mexico, in 1846, he joined, as one of its first members, a company called the National Guards, raised by Capt. William Apple, who had commanded the National Grays. The company was designed to form a part of the State quota, tendered its services and was accepted by the State authori ties and designated as a part of the 3d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, but was not called into active service. The company continued its organization, Mr. Lewis remaining an active member until the rebellion occurred, it being the same company of which Capt. H. R. Guss became the commanding officer, in June, 1859. When the services of the company were accepted, for the three months term, in April, 1860, Mr. Lewis marched with it, as a private soldier, to Harrisburg, Pa., and, upon the organization of two other companies of the men enlisted by Capt. Guss, Mr. Lewis was elected 1st lieutenant of Capt. James F. Andrews Company E, in the 9th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served with the company until its discharge, at Harrisburg, Pa., July 29, 1861. He then returned to West Chester with his discharged comrades. On August 4, 1861, Lieut. Lewis received authority, from Col. H. R. Guss, to recruit a company for his Regiment, and soon after entered upon the work of enlistment. By the 23d of September, he had ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY F. 49 fifty-six mm enrolled, who were, on that day, mustered into the service of the United States by Maj. G. Pennypacker, with Joseph T. Burnett, of West Chester, as 1st lieutenant. These recruits, in charge of Lieut. Burnett, after being mustered, went into quarters in Camp Wayne, and occupied the barracks on the north side of the camp, from the east corner, adjoining the quarters of the guard established at the entrance. On the 3d of October, having a suffi cient number of men enlisted, the remaining officers were then mustered into the service by Maj. Pennypacker: De W. C. Lewis, as captain, and Oliver E. Strickland, of West Chester, as 2d lieute nant, and the company designated Company F, 97th Regiment P. V. The militia name adopted by the company was the National Guards, after the former company of which ("apt. Lewis and several of the men had been members. The company was filled to the maximum number about the 15th of October, 1861. The men were mostly residents of Chester county. They received the usual outfit of clothing, etc., soon after being mustered, and the camp and garrison equipage was fur nished when the company was fully organized. Arms were not issued to Company F, at Camp Wayne, the company having been per mitted to use those belonging to the Old National Guards, of West Chester, while it remained at that place. The same attention to drill and discipline, and exercise in the various preliminary move ments requisite to the thorough training of the soldier, as has been described in regard to the other companies, was also maintained by Capt. Lewis and his officers, in order to prepare their men for effi cient service in the field. The following named were the original non-commissioned officers of Company F: 1st sergeant, John Wainwright; 2d sergeant, Thomas Cosgriff; 3d sergeant, John Kennedy; 4th sergeant, Thomas B. Guest; 5th sergeant, J. Elwood Huntsman ; 1st corporal, Thomas H. Short; 2d corporal, Lee A. Stroud; 3d corporal, James T. Terry; 4th corporal, Caleb Mercer; 5th corporal, John Weber; 6th corporal, Daniel Farrell; 7th corporal, James A. Fries; 8th corporal, Edward Townsend; musicians, Thomas St. John and Jesse Opperman; teamster, James D. Roberts. Eighty-one privates; total, one hundred men. On the 8th of January, 1862, at Hilton Head, S. C., 2d Lieut. O. E. Stickland resigned, on account of failing health, and was honorably discharged. To fill the vacancy, 1st Sergt. John Wain- 50 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. wright was promoted to 2d lieutenant. 1st Lieut. Joseph T. Bur nett resigned, for the same cause, and was honorably discharged, at Hilton Head, S. C., on March 9, 1863. 2d Lieut. John Wainwright was then promoted to 1st lieutenant, and 1st Sergt. Thomas Cos- griff to 2d lieutenant. On February 29, 1864, at Fernandina, Fla., forty-five men of the company re-enlisted as veterans for the war, and were re-mustered on March 15, 1864, by 1st Lieut. M. V. B. Richards, 4th N. H. V. A. C. M. Department of the South, to rank from February 28, 1864, and December 31, 1863, the days previous to enrollment of the men as veterans. Their names arc marked " Vet." on the roster of the Regiment.. These men received a furlough of thirty days, and re turned home with the other veterans of the Regiment. No other changes occurred in the commissioned officers of the company until the expiration of Capt. Lewis term of service, when he was honorably discharged, September 20, 1864. Previous to his discharge, Capt. Lewis was in temporary command of Company A, for a short period, during the absence of the officers of that com pany, all of whom had been wounded. On the 28th of August, 1864, he signed the muster-out-rolls of thirty-one of the original men of Company A whose term of service had expired. Capt. Lewis returned home, about the end of September, 1864, with the men of his company whose terms had also expired. 1st Lieut. John Wainwright was commissioned captain of Com pany F, to date from November 1, 1864, but was not mustered, as he then desired to be mustered out of service. 2d Lieut. Thomas Cosgriff was mustered out of service, March 28, 1865, on account of expiration of term of service. On February 28, 1865, Sergt. Lewis P. Malin was commissioned captain of the company and Sergt. Isaac J. Nichols as 1st lieutenant, both having been pro moted to corporal and to sergeant after re-enlistment as veterans. They continued in their respective commands until mustered out with the Regiment, at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865. On May 1, 1865, John E. Huntsman, 5th sergeant of the company, who had also re-enlisted as a veteran, was commissioned as 2d lieutenant, and continued to hold that position until the end of the service. These were well-deserved promotions of faithful and brave soldiers. Capt. Malin, having commanded the company at Fort Fisher, had received brevet promotion for gallantry in that action. The re maining changes and promotions of the non-commissioned officers ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY G. 51 have been noted as far as ascertained upon the roster, it being found difficult to obtain the exact order in which they occurred, so as to present them in this place. Company F was also part of the force, with Company B, that received the impetuous attack of the rebel advance upon our position, at Grimball s Plantation, on June 10, 1862, and vied with the other troops present in the stubborn re sistance that resulted in maintaining their ground and repulsing the enemy with heavy loss. On October 25, 1862, Company F detailed a funeral escort, at U. S. General Hospital, Hilton Head, S. C., for Private J. Lind, of Company E, 47th P. V., and on October 28, 1862, one for a private of Company F, 47th P. V. On January 14, 1863, Com- pany F was detailed on special duty in engineer s department, at St. Helena, Special Order No. 1, to report to Lieut. Edwards, X. Y. Engineers, Superintendent of Construction, engaged in building a wharf at St. Helena, was relieved, February 23, 1863, and rejoined the Regiment, at Hilton Head, S. C. On February 9, 1864, part of Company F, under command of Capt. Lewis, embarked on the steamer Island City, and proceeded up the Nassau River, Fla., to furnish support to Maj. Pennypacker s advance against Camp Cooper. The company also made a raid into Georgia, from Woodstock Mills, to destroy the telegraph con nection from Tallahassee, Fla., to Savannah, Ga., which was success fully accomplished, after a march of nearly twenty miles, capturing a rebel mail rider by the way. The return march was accelerated by the approach of a part of the rebel Gen. Clinch s command. The company also made a reconnoissance up the St. Mary s River, in March, 1864, for the purpose of obtaining some mill fixtures for use in the department. COMPANY G, BROOM ALL GUARDS. Company G was recruited in Delaware Co., Pa., by Jesse L. Cummins, fourth son of George and Matilda Babb Cummins, who was born in the township of Upper Providence, Delaware Co., Pa . in 1840. His father dying while he was quite young placed him almost upon his own resources. He early exhibited great precision as a marksman, and a desire for the experiences of hunting and frontier life. With an elder brother, he went West during his 52 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. minority. They together encountered, in a log house, on Eden Prairie, one of the severest of Minnesota winters, cooking and baking for themselves. Jesse returned home before the commence ment of the rebellion, and began to develop business qualifications, energy and order. Not having selected a trade, he was induced to enter the law office of Hon. John M. Broomall, with whom he studied law, at Media, Delaware Co., and had just entered upon the practice of his profession, at that place, when the rebellion occurred. At the first call of the President for troops, he enlisted as a private in Company I, 9th Hegiment P. V., in the three months service. The company was commanded by Capt. H. B. Edwards, of Chester, Pa., and served with Gen. II. Patterson s com mand, in Maryland and Virginia. At the expiration of its term, he was discharged at Harrisburg, Pa., on July 29, 1861. Capt. Cummins was authorized, by Col. II. R. Guss, to recruit a company for his Regiment, on August 25, 1861. He commenced to recruit his company about September 1. The men enlisted were mostly from the vicinity of Media and Chester, in Delaware County. By October 15, 1861, an aggregate of eighty-three men being enlisted, they were mustered into the service of the United States, at Camp Wayne, West Chester, by Maj. G. Pennypacker, with the following named officers: captain, Jesse L. Cummins, Media, Del. Co.; 1st lieutenant, Caleb Hoopes, Upper Providence, Del. Co.; 2d lieute nant, Joseph M. Borrell, Media, Del. Co.; 1st sergeant, Reuben H. Smith, M. D.; 2d sergeant, William H. Eves; 3d sergeant, John C. Morton; 4th sergeant, W T illiam M. Collom; 5th sergeant, Thomas J. McMullen; 1st corporal, Gasway O. Yarnall; 2d corporal, Wil liam N. Baker ; 3d corporal, Thomas J. Wade ; 4th corporal, William H. Cox; 5th corporal, Harry G. Yocum; 6th corporal, Israel Oat; 7th corporal, Simon Litzenberg; 8th corporal, Reece L. Weaver; musicians, Jonathan S. Farm and George W. Ross; team ster, Enoch Dunlap. The company was filled to the maximum number about Novem ber 16, and, from the time of its muster, occupied quarters in the barracks, on the north side of Camp Wayne, adjoining Com pany F. Being the seventh organized, it became Company G in the 97th Regiment. The militia name adopted was Broomall Guards, in compliment to Hon. John M. Broomall Member of Con gress from the 7th Congressional District, and a resident of the lo cality from which the company was recruited. VACANCIES AND PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY G. 53 On December 21, 1861, 5th Corp. Harry G. Yocum died, at Fortress Monroe, Va. On January 1, 1862, 3d Sergt. John C. Morton was transferred to Company I, at his own request. The 4th and 5th sergeants were advanced, 1st Corp. Yarnall appointed 5th sergeant and the other corporals promoted. Privates Albin Edwards and Eli B. Grubb were appointed 7th and 8th corporals. Capt. Cummins commanded his company until May 1, 1862, when, owing to failing health, from exposure and climatic influences, he resigned and was honorably discharged, at Edisto Island, S. C., Special Order No. 53, Department of the South, approved by Maj. Gen. D. Hunter, commanding the department. He then returned home and became somewhat improved in health, after a tour through the Western States. On June 17, 1863, he again enlisted as a private in Capt. Joseph Pratt s Company I, 29th Regiment Penn sylvania Militia, called out for the emergency when Lee invaded Pennsylvania. He served with that company until August 1, 1863, when he was mustered out of service, with the company, at Harris- burg, Pa., by Capt. M. A. Kerr, 1st U. S. Arty., mustering officer. Capt, Cummins was also drafted by the district authorities about July 23, 1863. (In view of his having three times entered the ser vice as a volunteer, how his name could have been placed upon the draft list is unaccountable.) Upon his application for exemption, on the ground of three voluntary enlistments, together with physical disability, a certificate of exemption was given him by Capt. E. L. Christman, provost marshal of the district. Being afflicted with pulmonary consumption, his health soon began to fail rapidly. He died, at Media, near his birth place, December 21, 1866. He had married after his discharge from the 97th Regiment. His wife survived him but a short time, leaving a son, James R. Cummins, Jr., now under the care of his uncle, James R. Cummins, of Media. The vacancy in the command of Company G, for reasons satis factory to the colonel commanding, was filled by the promotion of the senior 1st lieutenant of the Regiment, Louis Y. Evans, of Com pany A, to captain, to rank from May 1, 1862. 1st Corp. William N. Baker was discharged, May 25, 1862, and 4th Corp. Isaac Oat died, August 10, 1862. 1st Sergt. Dr. Reuben H. Smith was promoted to hospital steward, September 4, 1862. 2d Sergt. William H. Eves was promoted to 1st sergeant. The re maining non-commissioned officers had been duly advanced. 1st 54 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. corporal Thomas J. Wade became 5th sergeant. To fill the other vacancies, Privates John Doyle, Hillary Fox and Henry Hoofstiteler were appointed. The date and order of subsequent promotions of non-commissioned officers of the company could not be accurately ascertained. The record gives such as could be found. Capt, Evans continued in command until October 23, 1862, when he re signed and was honorably discharged on account of ill health. 1st Lieut. Caleb Hoopes was then promoted to captain and was the commanding officer of the company until his discharge, at the ex piration of his term of service, October 17, 1864. To fill the vacancy occasioned by the promotion of 1st Lieut. Hoopes, 4th Sergt. G. O. Yarnall was commissioned 1st lieutenant, October 23, 1862. 2d Lieut. Joseph M. Borrell thereupon tendered his resignation, which, being accepted at department head-quarters, on November 13, 1862, he was accordingly discharged. 1st Sergt. William H. Eves was then promoted to 2d lieutenant, but, owing to delay in receiving his commission, he was not mustered until July 1, 1863. Lieuts. Yarnall and Eves served with the company until the expiration of the term of service, October 22, 1864, and were honorably discharged. Lieut. Yarnall held the position of post ordnance officer, at Fort Clinch, Fernandina, Fla., from October 7, 1863, until April 23, 1864, and was acting ordnance officer of Ar tillery Brigade, 10th A. C., from July 2 to October 14, 1864, when he was discharged on account of expiration of term of service. Lieut. Eves was wounded, near Petersburg, Va., July 10, 1864. He was frequently in command of his company while on active duty at the front, during the Virginia campaign, and was conspicuous for gallantry and bravery in action. Being in command of his company, at New Market Road, September 29, 1864, and at Darby Town, October 7, 1864, he received honorable mention in Gen. Butler s congratulatory order to the Army of the James, dated October 11, 1864. He was also recommended for promotion to the Governor of Pennsylvania. This recognition of his services was well de served, as during the entire service he was regarded by all his commanding officers as a most faithful untiring officer, always found at his post of duty. The term of service of officers and men, originally enlisted in this company, expired about the middle of October, 1864, and they were accordingly discharged and returned home. Thirty-five had re- enlisted as veterans for the war, in accordance with orders already ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY H. 00 specified. Their names will be found upon the roster of the com pany, designated " Vet" Corp. Cheyney T. Haiues was promoted to sergeant major, September 18, 1864, and Corp. Washington W. James to commissary sergeant, April 1, 1865. After the discharge of the orginal officers of Company G, Sergt. Mai. Chevnev T. Haines was commissioned 1st lieutenant of the *J 99 company, December 1, 1864. He was mortally wounded in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., January 15, 1865, and died on the same day, having been breveted captain for gallantry during the assault. Com. Sergt. Washington W. James was commissoned captain of Company G, May 1, 1865, and continued to be the commanding officer until the muster out of the Ilegiment, at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865. 1st Sergt. Isaiah Bird was commissioned 1st lieutenant, May 1, 1865, and Sergt. Jeremiah Yoast, 2d lieutenant, same date. These officers also served in their respective grades during the remainder of the service. COMPANY H, GREBLE GUARDS. About the middle of August, 1861, Charles Mcllvaine, of Springton, near Waynesburg, Chester Co., Pa., offered to raise a company of volunteers for acceptance by the War Department. This offer was accepted by the Secretary of War, in the following letter, dated: WAR DEPARTMENT, August 30, 1861. CAPT. CHARLES MC!LVAINE, Brandywine Manor, Chester Co., Pa. SIR: The company of infantry, one hundred and one men, which you offer, is accepted for three years, or during the war provided you have it ready for marching orders in thirty days. This acceptance is with the distinct understanding that this Department will revoke the commissions of all officers who may be found incompetent for the proper discharge of their duties. Your men will be mustered into the service of the United States, in accordance with General Orders Nos. 58 and 61, from this Department. You are at liberty to attach the company to any of the regiments now forming in Pennsylvania, with the consent of the colonel commanding. Very respectfully, THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War. 56 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Capt. Mcllvaine was the only surviving son of Hon. Abraham Robinson Mcllvaine, a prominent citizen of Chester Co., who was elected to represent the 7th Congressional District, then composed of Chester Co., Pa., and took his seat at the commencement of the Twenty-eighth Congress, being afterwards re-elected for three suc cessive Congresses. He was a member of the House of Representa tives of Pennsylvania, in 1836 and 1837, and declined a nomination to the State Senate, in 1838, his private affairs demanding his entire attention. In 1840, he was the representative of his district in the Electoral College of Pennsylvania, casting his vote for the success ful candidates for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency. In June, 1840, he was nominated for a vacancy in the State Legislature, but the Speaker of the House withholding the order, the special election was not held. Mr. Mcllvaine entered Congress as a member of the old Whig party, an ardent supporter of the policy of a protective tariff, and stood among the earliest and most constant opponents of the an nexation of Texas, taking the position " that annexation would be unconstitutional, injurious to the interests of the free States, as it tended to extend and perpetuate slavery and to involve the country in war." He subsequently took strong ground in opposition to the prosecution of the aggressive war against Mexico, and in a speech delivered in the House of Representatives, on June 18, 1846, ably presented the aggressive attitude of the Administration in in volving the country in war without authority of law and in viola tion of the Constitution. The constituents of Mr. Mcllvaine fully sustained his course in Congress in both public and private* expres sions.* In 1848, and for several successive years, he was President of the Agricultural Society of Chester and Delaware Counties, and for many years was Vice- President of the Pennsylvania State Agricul tural Society. He possessed the personal esteem of men of all parties, the excellence of his private character being recognized by all within reach of its influence. He died August 22, 1863, aged about seventy years. f * History of Congress, Biographical and Political, by Henry G Wheeler, 1848. j~Tbis family of Mcllvaine is descended from Allan s Mcllvaine, who, in 1520, secured from Queen Mary the grant of lands in Upper and Nether Grimmet, in Ayr, Scotland. He was the first Laird of Grimmet. Two of his sons fell in ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY II. 57 , Charles Mcllvainc was born at Springton farm, one of the original Penu manors, near Waynesbirrg, Chester Co., Pa., May 31, 1840. His early education was received, under the guidance of his father and a private instructor, at home. At the age of ten, he entered the Northwest Grammar School, in Philadelphia, and passed through its course, before attaining the age of twelve, at a sacrifice of health which required a suspension of his studies. Having access to his father s library, and inheriting one from his grand father, with a strong desire to acquire knowledge, he had oppor tunity for pursuing earnestly his studies at home. In this he was encouraged by his parents, whose liberality enabled him to add quite extensively to his library. At the age of eighteen, he entered an engineer corps, then making the survey for the Brandywine and Waynesburg Railroad, as chain man. After one year of service in that capacity, he was promoted to the position of division engineer and placed in charge of the upper division of the above-named road, in which service he was engaged when the rebellion occurred. Upon the acceptance, by the Secretary of War, of his offer to raise a company for the service, he commenced to recruit his company, al ter having arranged with Col. Guss to attach it to the 97th Regiment. Bills were struck off and posted all over the coun try- about Springton, Waynesburg and villages along the Welsh Moun tain and Conestoga Valley, and meetings called at the places designated. As fast as recruits were obtained, they were taken to Camp Wayne, at West Chester, and mustered into the service, by Maj. G. Pennypacker. The men occupied quarters on the south side of the camp. After quite a number of recruits had been ob tained by Capt. Mcllvaine, it was decided to unite his men with those enlisted by David Jones, of West Chester, who had served as 1st lieutenant of Company F, 9th Regiment, in the three months service, who had also been authorized by Col. Guss to recruit for the Regiment; thus aggregating eighty-three officers and men, the number necessary for the organization of the eighth company, of which Charles Mcllvaine was mustered as captain, on October 17, 1861, and David Jones as 1st lieutenant; the understanding being the battle of Fanshawe, and two of his grandchildren were in the following of the Earl of Casselis, at Lady Care, in 1(501. The family were known as Cove nanters, and suffered terribly in the persecution of the Scotch Presbyterians, by the King s troops, which caused their emigration to Ireland, where they re mained about one generation. 58 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. had that Lieut. Jones was to be regimental quarter-master. Thomas S. Taylor, of West Chester, was mustered as 2d lieutenant. The company was called the Greble Guards, in honor of the brave officer of that name who fell at Big Bethel. The non-commissioned officers were: 1st sergeant, Elwood P. Baldwin; 2d sergeant, Jeffer son T. Massey; 3d sergeant, George A. Lemaistre; 4th sergeant, Joseph H. Walton; 5th sergeant, William Garver; 1st corporal, Thomas John; 3d corporal, John A. Russell; 3d corporal, George W. Burns; 4th corporal, Robert S. Keene, Jr.; 5th corporal, George H. Durnall; 6th corporal, Thomas J. Henderson; 7th corporal, William F. Smith; 8th corporal, Abner Evans. The company did not receive arms at Camp Wayne, but was drilled in the step, march, etc., by its officers, with the same dili gence and attention given bv officers of the other companies. On the 29th of October, 1861, Capt Mcllvaine was notified, by Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, of his appointment, by the President of the United States, as captain in the 19th Infantry, U. S. A., to rank from that date, with orders, in case of his acceptance of the appointment, to report in person for orders, to the colonel of that regiment, at Indianapolis, Ind. In consideration of his promise to the men enrolled by him, to remain in the service with them, his acceptance of this appoint ment was qualified by a request to be permitted to remain in the volunteer service, during the term of his enlistment, which being granted by the Secretary of War, he continued in command of his company. On October 31, 1861, 1st Lieut. David Jones was mustered, as regimental quarter-master, by Lieut. Col. C. F. Ruff, U. S. commis sary of muster. 2d Lieut. Thomas S. Taylor was promoted to the vacancy, November 5, and 1st Sergt. Elwood P. Baldwin was pro moted to 2d lieutenant, to which grade both were mustered by Maj. G. Pennypacker, on that date. 2d Sergt. Jefferson T. Massey was then appointed 1st sergeant. 3d Sergt. Lemaistre was promoted to sergeant-major of the Regiment, and transferred to the non-com missioned staff. Corps. John and Russell were promoted to ser geants, and Privates James McConnell and Thomas W. Durnall to 7th and 8th corporals. On the arrival, at Fernandina, Fla., March 5, 1862, Company H, under command of Capt. Mcllvaine, established the first picket line outside the town, and came upon a masked battery intended VACANCIES AND PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY II. 59 for protection of the retreating rebels toward Harrison s Landing, who, in their haste, had left two guns in position, which were brought in by the company. At Jacksonville, the company took part in the arduous picket duty and night skirmishing performed by the 97th Regiment. Soon after entering upon active service, the regulation hat, scales, etc., were mostly discarded by the other companies, on account of their inconvenience and imposing unne cessary labor upon the men. By hard work, Capt. Mcllvaine had required his men to retain them, and, from the company fund, pro vided the men with gloves and other articles that added to their personal appearance, the company being favorably noticed, in these respects, by Gen. Wright, the brigade commander, at a grand review, at Hilton Head, S. C., by Gen. Hunter. Upon making his head-quarters at Seabrook, in North Edisto, Gen. Wright selected Company H as guard at head-quarters, April 25, 1862, and retained it upon that duty until the march toward James Island. The company then formed part of the rear guard, and was a part of the force left to guard the passage of a creek on James Island, about five miles south of Lcgareeville, S. C. On April 29, 1862, 1st Lieut. Thomas S. Taylor resigned, on account of ill health, and was honorably discharged. 2d Lieut. El wood P. Baldwin was then promoted to 1st lieutenant and Sergt. Maj. George A. Lemaistre was promoted to 2d lieutenant of the company. On November 5, 1862, 1st Lieut. Elwood P. Baldwin resigned, on account of failing health, and was honorably discharged. He sub sequently recovered and re-enlisted as a private in this company, as will appear in the record. There was no immediate promotion to fill the vacancy. On April 29, 1863, while serving upon the staff of Gen. Terry, Capt. Mcllvaine made application for a leave of absence for twenty days, on account of a severe bronchial affection. This application was forwarded to the department head-quarters, by Gen. A. H. Terry, with the following endorsement: H.). QUAR. U. S. FORCES, HILTON HEAD, S. C., April 28, 1863. Capt. Mcllvaine is a most excellent and faithful officer, and fully deserving of any indulgence which the interest of the service will permit. Although in feeble health, suffering from bronchial disease, he has remained on duty at the sacrifice of health and comfort, 60 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. for the purpose of accompanying his regiment in the late movement on Charleston. I respectfully commend his application to the favor able consideration of the major general commanding. [Signed] A. H. TERRY, Brig. Gen. Comdg. Post. The leave of absence being approved at department head-quarters, Capt. Mcllvaine went north and returned at its expiration. About June 12, 1863, having previously tendered his resignation, on account of continued ill health, he received the following dis charge : HD. QRS. DEFT. SOUTH, HILTON HEAD, S. C., June 10, 1863. Special Order, No. 327. Par. VIII. * ***** Capt. Charles Mcllvaine, 97th Pa. Vols., having tendered his resignation, on the ground of ill health, and having been approved by the medical director, Department South, the same is hereby ac cepted, to take effect this date. Capt. Mcllvaine is accordingly honorably discharged the military service of the United States. By command of Maj. Gen. D. Hunter: [Signed] ISRAEL R. SEALY, 1st Lieut. 47th N. Y. Vols, A, A. A. Gen. He also resigned the captaincy in the 19th Infantry, U. S. A., which had been held open for his acceptance, after discharge from the volunteer service. Before the notice of discharge was received, Capt. Mcllvaine was tendered the appointment of a majority in the 1st South Carolina Volunteers, by Lieut. Col. M. S. Lifctlefield, commanding 1st South Carolina Volunteers, which appointment he decided to accept. He received orders from Gen. Hunter, detailing him for duty with the 1st South Carolina Volunteers, with directions to report to Col. Littlefield, at Morris Island, to recruit for that regiment. Upon the acceptance of his resignation, however, he determined to return north for the benefit of his failing health. The vacancy in Com pany H, caused by the resignation of Capt. Mcllvaine, was filled by the promotion of 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaistre to captain, to rank from June 11, 1863. Owing to active operations in the de- VACANCIES AND PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY II. 61 partment and upon Morris Island, and the invasion of Pennsyl vania, by Gen. Lee, there was considerable delay in commissions being received from that State, ( apt. Lemaistre was, therefore, prevented from muster. lie continued to command the company as 2d lieutenant. At Hilton Head, S. C., April 13, 1863, Company II, under command of 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaistre, was detailed for provost guard duty, with orders to report to Capt. Z. II. Robin- son, 9th Maine Volunteers, provost marshal. The company moved its quarters within the provost guard camp, being dropped for the time from the regimental morning reports. The company remained upon that duty until released by orders, the date of which lias not been retained. At Fernandina, Fla., the company was stationed, under the com mand of Capt. Lemaistre, at Old Town, where it remained upon duty while at that post. In the action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hundred, Va., on May 20, 1864, Capt. Lemaistre was severely wounded in the arm and disabled from further service, and, being absent from his command on account of wounds, he was not mustered as captain. He was honorably discharged, September 20, 1864, at the expiration of his term of service. Thirty-two men of the company had re-enlisted as veterans for the war and were re-mustered, by Lieut. M. V. B. Richards, with two others of the Regiment. The subsequent promotions were made from those who re-enlisted. On May 1, 1864, Sergt. George II. Durnall was promoted to 1st lieutenant of the company and, on May 10, Sergt. Lewis H. Watkin was promoted to 2d lieutenant. The commissions of these officers had just reached the Regiment when it went into action, at Green Plains, Va., previous to their being mustered. Both were killed in the memorable charge upon Gen. Pickett s division, which swept down so many of the bravest and best of the Regiment. Durnall and Watkin had been selected for promotion in recognition of faithful service. They were young men of much promise, beloved by all the Regiment. Their bodies were never recovered, as they fell upon a portion of the field of which the enemy retained possession. The next promotions in the company were those of Sergt. Theodore M. Smedley to 1st lieute nant, August 8, 1864, and Sergt. Phares P. Brown to 2d lieute nant, September 21, 1864. On April 5, 1865, 1st Lieut. Smedley was promoted to captain, to rank from December 5, 1864, and 2d Lieut. Brown to 1st lieutenant, to rank from same date. Sergt. 62 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Isaac L. Button was promoted, May 1, 1865, to 2d lieutenant. These officers held their respective positions during the remainder of the service, and were mustered out with the Regiment, August 28, 1865. Capt. Smedley was wounded in the charge upon Fort Fisher, N. C., January 15, 1865, and was appointed brevet captain, in orders, for gallantry in command of his company during the action. COMPANY I, BROOKE GUARDS. This company was recruited by George W. Hawkins, of Dela ware Co., Pa., assisted by Sketchly and Anneslcy N. Morton, sons of Judge Sketchly Morton, of Delaware Co., whose great grand father, Hon. John Morton, was a signer of the Declaration of Inde pendence. Capt. Hawkins was born at Chester, Delaware Co., Pa., Novem ber 18, 1827. As a biographical sketch of him will appear in an other part of this work, it is not necessary to give his record here. In response to the call of President Lincoln, for seventy-five thou sand volunteers, he enlisted as a private in the Washington Grays, of Philadelphia, which became Company A in the 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by Col. Francis E. Patterson, being mustered into the service of the United States, April 25, 1861. This regiment served with Gen. Robert Patterson s command, in Maryland and Virginia, during the three months term, and was discharged at Harrisburg, Pa., August 2, 1861. Soon after his return to Delaware County, his zeal for the national cause induced him to return to the service, and having ascertained that a regiment was being raised by Col. Guss, from the district composed of Chester and Delaware Counties, he obtained authority from that officer, and in co-operation with the Mortons, commenced to recruit a company. Every inducement being afforded by Col. Guss to make the company a success, recruiting commenced about September 1, 1861, but owing to the number of enlistments already made from the district, for the other companies of the 97th and other regiments, the number increased but slowly. The first muster for the company was on the 16th of September, at Camp Wayne, by Maj. G. Pennypacker, about twenty-five recruits being mustered. They then went into quarters on the south side of Camp Wayne, ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY I. 63 in charge of the officers engaged in recruiting for the company, one of whom remained at the camp to drill and exercise the men while the others were looking up additional recruits. On Sep tember "21 and October 9, 15, 17, and 19, additional musters were made, aggregating, on the latter date, fifty-three men, when Sketchly Morton, Jr., was mustered as 1st lieutenant of the com pany, which was now designated Company I, 97th Pennsylvania Volunteers. The militia name adopted was the Brooke Guards, in compliment to Hon. H. Jones Brooke, State Senator for Chester and Delaware Counties, and a resident of Media, Delaware County, Pa. The men of this company were mostly from Delaware County. Additional musters were made for the company on October 24, November 7, 8, 10 and 15. It yet lacked a sufficient number for the muster of its full complement of officers. Before leaving Camp Wayne, on November 16, Annesley N. Morton was mus tered as 2d lieutenant of the company. The original officers, and non-commissioned officers of Company 1 were as follows: captain, George W. Hawkins; 1st lieutenant, Sketchly Morton, Jr., and 2d lieutenant, Annesley N. Morton, of Morton, Delaware Co., Pa.; 1st sergeant, James Williams; 2d ser geant, John Knapp; 3d sergeant, Thomas N. Watson; 4th sergeant, John C. Morton; 5th sergeant, George W. Duffee; 1st corporal, William R. Wood; 2d corporal, William P. Hayman; 3d corporal, John L. Morton; 4th corporal, Robert Trowland; 5th corporal. Clayton C. Elbertson; 6th corporal, Thomas Creigan; 7th corporal. William Otto well; 8th corporal, vacant. Capt. Hawkins could not be mustered until the company had an aggregate of eighty-three men. He was subsequently mustered, by order of Maj. Gen. D. Hunter, commanding Department of the South, April 19, 1862, to rank from October 29, 1861. While at Camp Wayne, the company received such instructions in drill and discipline as their limited time afforded, Capt. Hawkins and his lieutenants being indefatigable in their efforts to bring the com pany to a degree of proficiency that should not leave it very far behind those companies that had longer opportunity for prepara tions. The company was uniformed but not armed at Camp Wayne. When the Regiment reached Fortress Monroe, Va., 1st Lieut. Sketchly Morton, Jr., returned to the district for the purpose of ob taining recruits to fill the company. There was, however, but little success realized after the departure of the Regiment. Five recruits 64 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. were sent forward in December, 1861; one in January; one in February; one in March, and two in April, 1862. In consequence of long-continued close confinement on shipboard, during the movements for the reduction of Fort Pulaski, January, February and March, 1862, the health of many officers and men was much impaired. Of these, 2d Lieut. A. N. Morton suffered seriously, necessitating his resignation, and return to a northern climate. He was, therefore, honorably discharged, at Hilton Head, S. C., April 16, 1862, and returned home. Upon the resignation of Lieut. Morton, 1st Sergt. James Wil liams was promoted to 2d lieutenant, April 16, 1862; he resigned and was honorably discharged, September 8, 1862. John Knapp, who had previously been promoted to 1st sergeant, was then pro moted to 2d lieutenant, to rank from September 10, 1862. The next vacancy in the company officers was caused by the death of 1st Lieut. Sketchly Morton, Jr., of yellow fever, at Hilton Head, S. C., November 12, 1862. An account of this sad event will be given in another part of this history. This was the first death of an officer of the Regiment, and caused a deep-felt regret for the loss of one so young, so bright and earnest in all his efforts, and endeared, by his gentle and genial nature, to the entire circle of his brother officers. There was no immediate promotion to fill this vacancy, or those of the non-commissioned officers, on account of the absence of Capt. G. W. Hawkins on recruiting service. The record of these could only be presented in the record roll, owing to the absence of any reliable data in regard to the time and order of promotions. 2d Lieut. John Knapp resigned, and was honorably discharged, at Fernandina, Fla., February 5, 1864. About this time, thirty-seven of the company, with others of the Regiment, re-enlisted as vete rans and received a furlough of thirty days. The vacancies in the company officers were now filled by the promotions of 1st Sergt. George W. Duffee to 2d lieutenant, to rank from February 5, 1864, and on February 6, was promoted to 1st lieutenant; 2d Sergt. W. H. H. Gibson was promoted to 2d lieutenant, to rank from February 6, 1864, both being of the number who had re-enlisted. Capt. Hawkins continued in command of his company until the expiration of his term of service, being mortally wounded in action, at Darby Town, October 27, 1864, and died on the 28th. As the term of service of the men, enlisted in 1861, expired in October and ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY K. 65 November, 1864, they were accordingly mustered out and returned to their homes. On December 2, 1864, 1st Lieut. George W. Duffee was commissioned as captain of the company, 2d Lieut. W. H. H. Gibson was promoted to 1st lieutenant and 1st Sergt. George M. Middleton was promoted to 2d lieutenant. These officers served with the company during the remainder of the war, and were mustered out with the company and Regiment, at Wei- don, N. C., August 28, 1-865. Company I was detailed, with Company A, to occupy Paris Island, S. C., February 17, 1863, and moved over from Hilton Head, where the Regiment was then stationed, the detachment being under the command of Capt. F. M. Guss, of Company A. These two companies were relieved and rejoined the Regiment, at Hilton Head, S. C., March 26, 1863. For an account of this ser vice, see narrative of the Regiment. COMPANY K, WAYNE GUARDS. The tenth company of the Regiment was organized by Capt. William Wayne, of Paoli, Chester Co., Pa., a descendant of the renowned Maj. Gen. Anthony Wayne, the hero of Stony Point, one of the most daring and successful officers of the Revolutionary War. Capt. Wayne, being almost the only remaining descendant of the family, succeeded to the title and possession of the family estate and mansion that had been the residence of Gen. Wayne, situated near the memorable spot of the Paoli massacre. Possessed of ample competency and surrounded by the comforts of a most at tractive home, with wife and young children just at an age to most require the presence of the husband and the father s care, Capt. Wayne, true to the impulses of his patriotic ancestry and to his own sense of duty, resigned all these in response to the call of his country for defenders in her hour of peril, trusting all to the care of Him who has promised to be a shelter unto the widow and the fatherless. Authority to recruit a company for the Regiment was given by Col. Guss to Capt. Wayne, about September 1, 1861, when he im mediately entered actively upon the work of recruiting. Various localities were visited in company with other officers. Success was 66 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. necessarily limited, owing to the ground having already been very much gone over and many enlistments made for other companies and regiments; but, through perseverance in the effort, a few men were obtained almost every day. These were taken into quarters in Camp Wayne about September 20, and occupied the barracks adjoining Company I, on the south side of the camp. The first muster for the company was on September 28, when five men were mustered into service by Maj. G. Pennypacker; four more were mustered on September 30. During October, thirty-five additional were mustered. By November 7, the number reached fifty-three, an aggregate sufficient for the muster of one lieutenant. Samuel V. Black, one of the first five enlisted, was then mustered as 2d lieutenant of the company, and took command of the recruits in camp. Three more men were mustered while the Regiment re mained at Camp Wayne. For the position of 1st lieutenant, John J. Barber, of West Chester, was strongly recommended by his friends. It was also understood that he was well qualified for the duties of an officer and could secure several recruits. Capt. Wayne was induced to consent to his appointment in the hope of realizing a more rapid accession of recruits. In this, however, he was disap pointed, for, notwithstanding Mr. Barber seemed to be quite earnest in his efforts, he did not succeed in adding to the number of enlist ments. At the time of leaving Camp Wayne, fifty-six men had been obtained for the company, being under the number requisite for the muster of captain and 1st lieutenant. This was necessarily de ferred until an aggregate of eighty-three men could be secured. Those officers were subsequently mustered at Hilton Head, S. C., about April 19, 1862, by order of Maj. Gen. Hunter, to rank from October 29, 1861. The militia name adopted by the company was the Wayne Guards. The officers designated before leaving Camp Wayne were: captain, William Wayne, of Paoli, Chester Co., Pa.; 1st lieutenant, John J. Barber, of West Chester, Pa.; 2d lieute nant, Samuel V. Black, of Chester Co., Pa.; 1st sergeant, Levi L. March; 2d sergeant, James M. Griffith; 3d sergeant, David P. Thomas; 4th sergeant, William S. Underwood; 5th sergeant, R. Powell Fithian, appointed December 3, 1861 ; 1st corporal, Mariott Brosius; 2d corporal, Channing Brinton; 3d corporal, William E. Davis ; 4th corporal, David S. Christman ; 5th corporal, Alfred J. Hartman; 6th corporal, William Taylor; 7th corporal, Barnet R. VACANCIES AND PROMOTIONS IN COMPANY K. 67 Rapp; 8th corporal, James W. Phillips; musicians, John II. Kauff- man and George W. Smith; wagoner, Peter J. Wonderly. The order announcing these appointments was issued January 29, 1862. Of the men originally enlisted in this company, and who subse quently joined as volunteer recruits, several had served in the three months campaign, mostly in the 9th Regiment Pennsylvania Vo lunteers. They were all reliable and efficient soldiers, many of the company being most estimable young men of the best families in Chester County. The drill and discipline attained at Camp Wayne were more than proportionate to the limited opportunity afforded, it being the last company organized. Equipment of the men in clothing, etc., was furnished as fast as enlisted, but no arms were issued to the company until its arrival at Washington. Lieut. Barber had remained in West Chester, when the Regiment left Camp Wayne, in order to obtain recruits. At Fortress Monroe, Va., Sergt. R. P. Fithian was detailed upon recruiting service and returned to West Chester with 1st Lieut. Thomas Taylor. Ten recruits were received by the company in December, 1861 ; six in January, 1862; nine in February; one in March; one in April and another, November 18, 1862. Capt. Wayne commanded his company through the operations of 1862; the expedition to Warsaw Sound, Ga.; Fort Clinch, Fernan- dina and Jacksonville, Fla.; Edisto, John and James Islands, S. C., and during part of the October campaign of that year. At Hilton Head, S. C., on September 10, 1862, he was detailed on recruit ing service and returned home. His health having suffered mate rially from exposure and climatic influences, and being unable to return to duty, he tendered his resignation and received an honor able discharge from the service, by order of the Secretary of War, Special Order No. 24, dated January 19, 1863. There was no immediate promotion to fill the vacancy. The Regiment being then encamped at St. Helena Island, relieved of active duty for sanitary considerations, recommendation for promotion was delayed as long as possible in order for better observation to determine the best interests of the company under the circumstances. 1st Lieut. Barber tendered his resignation about March 1, which, being accepted, he was honorably discharged, March 9, 1863. 2d Lieut. Samuel V. Black was then recommended for promotion to 1st lieu tenant and 1st Sergt. Levi L. March for 2d lieutenant, their com missions being dated May 3, 1863. 2d Sergt. James M. Griffith was 68 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. then promoted to 1st sergeant. -The three other sergeants were also promoted. On May 6, 1863, 1st Corp. Mariott Brosius was pro moted to 5th sergeant, the remaining corporals being also promoted. Private John W. Thompson was promoted to corporal. 2d Sergt. David P. Thomas was discharged for disability, at Hilton Head, S. C., October 14, 1862. 3d Sergt. Underwood was promoted to 2d sergeant. The other sergeants were also promoted and Corp. Channing Brinton was designated as 5th sergeant. The dates of subsequent promotions to corporals not being accurately obtained, it is not known who was next appointed to that rank. 1st Lieut. Samuel V. Black was promoted to captain, to rank from May 1, 1864; 2d Lieut. Levi L. March to 1st lieutenant, from same date, and 1st Sergt. James M. Griffith was recommended for promotion to 2d lieutenant, but before the application for these commissions could be forwarded the latter was mortally wounded, in action, May 20, at Green Plains, Va., and died of his wounds on June 3, 1864. 2d Sergt. William S. Underwood was promoted to 1st ser geant, to rank from May 1, and, upon the death of Lieut. Griffith, he was recommended for promotion to 2d lieutenant, to rank from May 1, 1864. He was not mustered as 2d lieutenant on account of delay in receiving his commission. On July 30, 1st Lieut. Levi L. March was mortally wounded, in action, at the battle of the Mine, and died of his wounds, after the amputation of an arm and leg, August 13, 1864. 2d Lieut. Underwood was then promoted to 1st lieutenant, and was mustered upon his second commission only, to rank from December 2, 1864. There was no immediate promotion to 2d lieutenant. Capt. Black had commanded the company in all the engagements of the James River operations until captured, in action, at Deep Bottom, Va., August 16, 1864. He remained a prisoner until paroled in April, 1865, rejoined the company, April 10, at Raleigh, N. C., and was honorably discharged, May 4, 1865, to date January 29, 1865, expiration of term. After the capture of Capt. Black, the command of the company devolved upon 1st Lieut. Underwood, who led it in the remaining engagements before Richmond and in the assault upon Fort Fisher, and was of the number who received recommendation for promotion for gallantry, in orders from the Secretary of War. He was pro moted to captain, February 28, 1865, and continued commanding officer of the company until mustered out, August 28, 1865. Wil liam M. Sullivan, who had been promoted to 1st sergeant upon the ORGANIZATION OF Guss FENCIBLES CORNET BAND. 69 promotion of 1st Sergt. Underwood to 2d lieutenant, was promoted to 1st lieutenant, to rank from February 28, 1865, and Sergt. Mariott Brosius, who had been severely wounded, in action, May 20, 1864, at Green Plains, Va., and had since been absent in United States hospital, was promoted to 2d lieutenant. Being unable to perform active duty, he was discharged from the service, January 2, 1865, before receiving his commission, and not feeling able to resume duty, therefore declined to be mustered. 1st Sergt. J. W. Thomp son was subsequently promoted to 2d lieutenant and mustered on February 1, 1865. Sergt. J. R. Montgomery was then promoted to 1st sergeant. The re-enlistment of veterans in this company amounted to thirty- seven. Those of the original number and recruits who did not re- enlist were discharged, at the expiration of* their term of service, and returned to their homes in October and November, 1864. Guss FENCIBLES CORNET BAND. On October 24, 1861, the regimental band, under the leadership of John H. Taylor, of West Chester, assisted by George Ellinger, of Lancaster City, numbering twenty-two picked musicians, was mustered into service, for three years, as the Guss Fencibles Cornet Band. A part of these men had been previously mustered in Com pany H, during the organization of that company. Upon being transferred to the band, it was requisite for them to be re-mustered. After a brief period of practice together, a degree ot proficiency was manifested that soon rendered the camp more attractive from the influence of enlivening strains of music. An increased interest was also added to guard mounting and dress parade, giving the camp more of the order of a military post or garrison, where every duty was duly observed in accordance with army regulations. During the time the band remained with the Regiment it continued a feature of interest that often gave relief to the monotony of duty, discoursing melody during the hours of evening or intervals of camp life, when no other influence was available upon which the thoughts might rest or be held with the power by which the floating notes of some familiar air, borne upon the evening breeze, recalling dear and familiar scenes, rendered them still more dear. While the joys of the far-off home and all its endearing and holy influences were 70 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. thus brought more near, inspiring also the hope of the good time to come when we might again listen to the dear strains of "Home, sweet home," and " When this cruel war is over." The band was discharged, at Hilton Head, S. C., August 31, 1862, in accordance with General Orders No. 91, from the War De partment, at Washington. A few of the men joined as musicians to fill vacancies in the companies, but most of them returned home. Some re-entered the service. All such as were ascertained are noted in the roster. INDEPENDENT COMPANY. Toward the end of 1864, Col. Pennypacker received notice, from the War Department, that an independent company had been as signed to his Regiment, from Pennsylvania. The company, how ever, never joined the Regiment nor became identified with its services. The only knowledge of its existence had by any of the officers of the Regiment was subsequently through having offi cial communications directed to the Independent Company, 97th Regiment P. V., and through unofficial reports, received by Col. Wainwright, that said company had been assigned to duty in Balti more. Prof. Bates, in his State History, gives the roster of the officers and men of the company as a part of the organization of the 97th Regiment P. V. [See Bates History, Vol. III.] CAMP WAYNE, WEST CHESTER. 71 CHAPTER II. CAMP WAYNE, WEST CHESTER; CAMP JONES BROOKE, WASHINGTON; CAMP HAMILTON, FORTRESS MONROE, OCTOBER TO DECEMBER, 1861. ECRUITING proceeded with all possible diligence, at Camp Wayne, during September, and every effort was being made to complete the organization of the Regiment within the time allotted. About eight hundred men had been enlisted and the number was being daily increased, less rapidly, however, than was .desirable, primarily owing to the check put upon the spontaneous offer of sevices pouring in from all parts of the north, followed quickly by the intro duction of a system of bounties deemed essential by the government to promote enlistments, yet which in reality became a serious check thereto, as it became evident that increased bounties were to be re sorted to in proportion to increased demand for additional troops. Men now waited to enlist under later calls, when the bounty should reach its highest limit, it becoming evident that whatever legislation was probable in regard to bounties would be entirely prospective benefiting future enlistments rather than general, and retroactive in a spirit of just appreciation of those most deserving of bounty, who earliest tendered their service to their country freely without waiting for such stimulus to awaken their patriotism. An act of the extra session of the State Legislature had provided for the relief of families of volunteers from the State. The question whether such relief would be extended to the families of the men enlisted in regiments accepted directly by the War Department, being now raised, also tended to materially retard enlistments in the 97th Regiment. In order to obtain the views of the members of the State Legislature, from the district, upon this point, the following letter was authorized to be addressed to the members of the Senate and House of Representatives from Chester and Delaware Counties: 12 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, WEST CHESTER, PA., September 4, 1861. HON. JACOB S. SERRILL, State Senator, HONS. CALEB PEIRCE, WIL LIAM T. SHAFER, ISAAC ACKER and CHALKLEY HARVEY, Members of the House of Representatives, Harrisburg, Pa. DEAR SIRS: It is desired to have the opinion of members of the late Legislature upon the bill, passed at the extra session, relative to the relief of families of volunteers enlisted in the war for the defence of the Union. Was it designed that companies or regi ments enlisted within the State, which have been accepted by the War Department, as independent companies or regiments, should be excluded from the benefit of the provisions of the bill"? Your views will greatly interest many of your fellow citizens. Very truly, yours, ISAIAH PRICE. It is not remembered whether replies were received from all the gentlemen addressed. The two following are found among the papers preserved, which, expressing opposite views upon the ques tion, are sufficient to indicate the embarrassment thereby occasioned to enlistments in the Regiment at the time, and which became an influence of grave consideration in finally determining the question of merging the Regiment with those of the regularly constituted State organizations: DARBY, PA., September 7, 1861. ISAIAH PRICE, ESQ. DEAR SIR: The object which the Legislature had in view, in pass ing the act for the relief of the families of volunteers, was to extend such aid to those dependent upon the volunteer for support as might be deemed just and reasonable, by the board of relief constituted by the act in the several counties of the State. I never heard, nor never supposed, that any distinction was contemplated between those who entered the service of the State and those who should be directly mustered into the service of the United States. No such discrimination, in favor of the first, was intended by the General Assembly, and any construction of the act which shall exclude from its benefit the family of any citizen, who enters the service of his country, is, in my judgment, a violation of its spirit and meaning, and must tend to retard enlistment. I do not pretend to put a legal construction upon the act, but speak of it as I understood it, and the purpose which it was designed by the Legislature to effect. Thousands of men who have joined the army did so without asking ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT. 73 whether it was the State or the United States service they were entering. The object of all was the same. They are fighting for the same noble cause and are making the same sacrifices to sustain it. Why, then, should those have any greater claim to the aid of the State than the others? I am one of those who believe that, in a struggle like that in which we are now engaged, every induce ment should be held out for enlisting, and the premium for the relief of families is one of the strongest which can be offered. It removes an objection which would properly prevent many from becoming soldiers. It is true that the aggregate taxation for war purposes may seem to be oppressive, but which can we best afford, to pay the taxes or lose the government? It were better that every acre of land in Pennsylvania should be mortgaged to its full value than that the cause of the Union should fail! Our government should be dearer to us than our property, and loyal men will be willing to make every sacrifice to preserve it. Trusting that the application of this law may be as broad and general as it was designed by the Legislature, I remain, Very truly, yours, JACOB S. SERRILL. CHESTER SPRINGS, September 9, 1861. ISAIAH PRICE, ESQ. DEAR SIR ; Yours of 4th instant was received on Saturday, 7th. I was of opinion, and think it was the design of the Legislature, that all volunteers, to secure the benefit of the act, must first be recognized by the State authorities. The twelfth section of the act makes it unlawful for any volunteer to leave the Commonwealth unless he shall have been first accepted by the Governor under a requisition from the General Government. The relief committee is restricted in their work of benevolence to such as are dependent upon those who are in the service of their country, under orders from the State authorities. As you are aware, the late proclamation of the Governor required all parts of companies, etc., to report at Harrisburg. Pennsylvania, conscious of the patriotism of her sons, desires that all who enter the service of their country should be known and recognized officially by her, that all may partake and enjoy her bounty. I was not aware until very recently you were engaged in the good work. May the smiles of a kind Providence ever be upon you. Truly yours, WM. T. SHAFER. 74 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, There had, about this time, some correspondence taken place, be tween Gov. Curtin and the Secretary of War, in regard to the companies and regiments being organized in the State, by direct authority of the latter, independently of the call upon the State for troops. The Governor urging the claim of the State to have all the troops enlisted and commissioned by the State authorities, pre vious to acceptance by the War Department; which, being finally acquiesced in, the Regiment now came under the direction of the State authorities, with the distinct understanding that Col. Guss was to be permitted to complete its organization in accordance with the original design. The number designating the Regiment had at first been under stood to be the 42th P. V., but owing to that number being already assigned upon the State records to another regiment, it was designated by Gov. Curtin as the Ninety-seventh Regiment Penn sylvania Volunteers. Augustus P. Duer, of Penningtonville, Chester Co., Pa., who had been appointed lieutenant colonel of the Regiment, by Col. Guss, was mustered on the 7th of October, together with Maj. G. Penny- packer, by Lieut. Col. C. F. Ruff, United States mustering officer of the district. Dr. John R. Everhart, of West Chester, and Dr George W. Miller, of Philadelphia, were mustered as surgeon and assistant surgeon, respectively, on October 14. 1st Lieut. Henry W. Carruthers, of Company C, was mustered as adjutant, October 31, 1861, and 1st Lieut. David Jones, Company H, as quarter master, on the same date. To complete the organization of the Regiment, on October 29, Col. Guss had designated the following non-commissioned staff offi cers from the enlisted men of Regiment, who were transferred to the roster of the field and staff: hospital steward, Harmon Heed, of Company H; sergeant major, George A. Lemaistre, of Company H ; quarter-master sergeant, James T. Skiles, of Company B ; com missary sergeant, Thomas McKay, of Company A; drum major, James St. John, Sr., of Philadelphia, Pa.; fife major, Casper C. Fahnestock, of Paoli, Chester Co. These field and non-commis sioned staff officers had performed the duties of their respective po sitions, during the progress of the organization, by virtue of verbal appointment from Col. Guss. George Kirk, of Easttown, Chester Co., and John F. Forrest, of Delaware County, received the appointment of sutlers. The ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT COMPLETED. 75 former remained with the Regiment until January, 1862, when he was obliged to return home, from Hilton Head, S. C., owing to failing health from the influence of the Southern climate. Mr. Forrest continued with the Regiment a much longer period and be came fully identified with its interest and success, providing the necessary supplies for the comfort of the men and also a substantial fund, arising from a percentage upon his sales, which became a basis for the monumental fund. Rev. William M. Whitehead, of New Centreville, Chester Co., was appointed chaplain, by Col. Guss, about the time the Regiment left Camp Wayne, the date of his muster being November 19, 1861, which must have been at Wash ington, D. C. Eight companies of the Regiment had now (October 29) reached the requisite number of men duly mustered into each company. Companies I and K yet lacked the aggregate to entitle them to the muster of all their officers. Until these were obtained, Col. Guss was also delayed, being mustered some months after the Regiment reached Hilton Head, S. C. He, however, entered fully upon the command of his Regiment from October 29, from which date the Regiment was considered an organized command. The first official order to his Regiment was issued by Col. H. R. Guss, October 15, 1861, as follows: HEAD-QUARTERS, 97TH P. V., CAMP WAYNE, WEST CHESTER, PA., October 15, 1861. Special Orders No. 1. Augustus P. Duer having been duly mustered in as lieutenant colonel, and Capt. Galusha Pennypacker as major of the 97th Regi ment P. V., they will accordingly assume their respective duties, Wednesday morning, October 16, instant. The officers and men composing this Regiment will respect and obey them in accordance with the rules and articles of war as laid down in United States Army regulations. Lieut. Col. Duer will take command of Camp Wayne, at 9 o clock A. M., on the 16th inst., and issue such orders as may be necessary for camp regulations. 1st Lieut. Henry W. Carruthers will be tem porarily detailed as adjutant. By order of HENRY R. Guss, Colonel 97th P. V. [Signed] HENRY W r . CARRUTHERS, 1st Lieut., Acting Adjutant. 76 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, Lieut. Col. Duer relieved Maj. Pennypacker in the command of Camp Wayne, as designated in the above order. Regimental orders were now duly issued as occasion required. The camp was be coming each day a place of increasing interest. The companies having muskets were regularly drilled, in the manual of arms, by their officers. All the companies were regularly exercised in the various movements required to prepare them for the service, from four to six hours each day being thus occupied. Schools of instruction for officers were organized and kept up at various periods subsequently during the term of service. The in struction for officers was mainly devoted to the school of the com pany and the battalion, and occupied one or more evenings each week. The school for officers was conducted by Col. H. R. Guss, during the early period of the service, and subsequently by Maj. G. Pennypacker. The schools for non-commissioned officers were conducted by a commissioned officer of each company, being devoted chiefly to the school of the soldier and the company. After the first four companies had progressed sufficiently in com pany drill, singly, battalion drill was commenced and continued regularly while at Camp Wayne, commanded either by Col. H. R. Guss, Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, Maj. G. Pennypacker, or the senior captain present. Dress parade daily, and the usual weekly inspec tion of arms, quarters, etc., as prescribed by the army regulations, was conducted every Sunday morning. During this period, it was the constant aim of the commanding officer, and also of the company officers, to secure the advantages of perfect drill and discipline for the Regiment, at the outset, in order to render it most efficient for the service upon which it was about to enter. These efforts caused the camp soon to present the daily routine of duties appertaining to a well-appointed military post; having effi cient guards, regularly posted and relieved in due form, regular hours appointed for drill of companies, and of squads of recruits acquiring proficiency in the first movements of a soldier s training. These influences naturally resulted in the attainment of a degree of discipline alike creditable to both officers and men. The varied calls, designating the hours for the usual camp duties, guard mounting, drills, parades, etc., were regularly observed as prescribed, and the entire camp and quarters kept in thorough order VISITORS AT CAMP WAYNE. 77 by the men, tending to impress a proper appreciation of sanitary regulations of great value in after service. While at Camp Wayne, the men were visited by friends from the surrounding district, who brought abundance of supplies, substan- tials and delicacies, for the comfort of those who were soon to leave homes and friends to encounter the perils of war. The battalion drills and dress parades became occasions of such interest to the families and friends of the men, and to the citizens generally, as to attract thousands daily to witness them. Of these, the most interested spectators were ladies: mothers, wives, daughters and sisters, who came daily to meet a son, husband, father, brother, or one held, perhaps, as dear to her heart as by any of these ties of kindred, coming to behold them again, and for brief moments to enjoy sweet and loving communion with their dear ones, before they should go forth to meet their country s foes in deadly conflict. Who shall measure the depth of that interest that brought, day after day, to witness these preparations, those whose hearts, bleeding with an guish silently, could yet smile through their tears and bravely bid their loved ones God speed, burying in the all-absorbing present the deep agonies of uncertainty that must for long years cloud the heavens and the earth about their lives, as they bear the burden of its duties with patience and hope, in lonely vacant homes, while their hearts must ever continue to reach out toward these loved ones, thus given up to their country in her time of need, with an unrest which only their return can satisfy. Many contributions of blankets, stockings, and other articles of utility and comfort, were brought to the camp and distributed to the men by their friends. Some of the companies were the recipients of such favors to a considerable extent, the particulars of which cannot now be ascertained. Company C received one hundred and one pairs of heavy woolen stockings, knit by ladies interested in that company, some of which were knit by Rachel Sharpless, a minister in the society of Friends, then in her eighty-fifth year, two of her grandsons being members of that company and three others in other regiments in the service. While at Camp Everhart, Company A was the recipient of many favors from the citizens of West Chester. A series of resolutions were drawn up by the members of that company, tendering sincere thanks to Mrs. David McConkey, Mrs. Phebe Evans, Mrs. Lieut. Louis Y. Evans, Mr. and Mrs. Lemuel Kinney, and Mr. William 78 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, Maris, for their many acts of kindness in furnishing, on various occasions, bountiful supplies of edibles, and to the Rev. James R. Anderson, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, West Chester, since deceased, for a supply of Testaments and other religious reading matter. The different companies of the Regiment were frequently taken by their company commanders, on Sunday mornings and evenings, to service, at the various churches of West Chester, and, upon a few occasions, to Friends meeting, arrangements being previously made to have the men seated in a body. Their deportment upon these occasions was uniformly orderly and attentive, evincing a proper regard for the object of their going. Many of the discourses to which they were privileged to listen were impressively addressed to the deep and serious importance of the duties and the dangers of the service upon which they were about to enter, demanding of them most serious consideration, and urging the necessity of an individual reliance upon the Divine power, which alone was sufficient to sustain them in the midst of their perilous and arduous future. The under lying influences of the cause in which they were called to serve were set forth, showing that a last effort toward supremacy in the national control, by a power hostile to the principles upon which the goverment was founded, had now resorted to the force of arms in resistance to the constituted authorities, devolving the duty upon every true citizen to aid in maintenance of the national integrity. Patriotism was the watchword and the text of the faith preached in those days, like Cromwell s advice to his soldiers, ; to trust in God and keep their powder dry." On October 29, orders were issued for the first regular inspection of the Regiment, to be held on October 30. Every man was re quired to be in ranks with clothing in knapsacks and all other accoutrements on. The inspection was duly made by Col. Guss, accompanied by his field officers. It was a new experience to many of the officers and to most of the men, but was quite gratifying to all, as the men were in excellent order, with every part of outfit new and complete, wanting only the experience of usage and self- confidence to become a regiment of the first order, a credit to them selves and their experienced commander. On Tuesday, November 12, 1861, Gov. A. G. Curtin, accompanied by the members of his staff, visited Camp Wayne for the purpose of presenting a stand of colors to the 97th Regiment. 1861 1 FLAG PRESENTATION BY GOVERNOR CURTIN. 79 In accordance with previous arrangement, the Governor was met, at Oakland Station, upon the Pennsylvania Railroad, by a commit tee of citizens appointed at a town meeting on the evening previous. The following gentlemen accompanied the Governor: Lieut. Col. John A. Wright, Lieut. Col. J. B. Price, Lieut. Col. Thomas S. Bell, 51st P. V., Lieut. Col. Charles Hay, Paymaster Gen. Henry D. Maxwell, Commissary Gen. William W. Irwin, Auditor Gen. Thomas E. Cochran, Col. Joseph H. Wilson, of the 101st P. V. (then organizing at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg), Col. Samuel B. Thomas, Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth, Capt. Charles M. Donovan, of Philadelphia, and Surgeon Gen. H. H. Smith. As the distinguished visitors arrived opposite the Hill Meeting House, on High Street, they were met by Col. Guss, who had inarched his Regiment to that point for the purpose of escorting the Governor and suite to the Court House, where they arrived at 12.30 P. M. The Governor was received in a very neat and appropriate speech by Joseph J. Lewis. Esq., which was responded to by the Governor, in his usual felicitous manner, thanking the citizens of West Chester for their very kind reception. Further ceremonies were then deferred until after the Governor and suite had dined. At about 3 P. M., Gov. Curtin and staff, with the other guests, arrived at Camp Wayne, where an immense concourse of citizens had preceded them. The Regiment was formed in column by division closed in mass in front of the stand, on the north side of the Fair buildings. The people had crowded around the reserved space with such eagerness as to render it difficult for the guard to keep clear sufficient room for the reception committee and those who were to take part in the proceedings. When all had been arranged, the Governor came forward, un covered, holding the staff upon which waved the beautiful stars and stripes of the flag he was about to entrust to the keeping of the Regiment, as its banner, around which to rally when led forth into the performance of whatever duty an imperiled country might de mand, and, in these words, consigned it to the Regiment: Fellow citizens and soldiers: I am here to-day for the perform ance of an official duty. The Legislature of our State, at its late session, provided that regimental flags should be procured and pre sented to the brave men who should go out from the State for the 80 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, defence of the National Government. This is one of many like occasions in which I have appeared before the soldiers of Pennsyl vania, and I can truly say that no other has had associations more inspiring to the patriotic breast, or more calculated to stir within me emotions of pride for my native State, with its glowing histories, its continual progress for so many years, and its present devotion to the principles of truth and justice in which its foundations were laid. I cannot stand here to-day without remembering that, in the year 1682, in the county of Chester, the proprietors and founders of the province enacted, by and with the consent of the delegates assembled, the first body of laws for the government of Pennsyl vania; those laws which, in their first lines, recognized that from the Almighty come all gifts of truth and justice, and the provisions of which so clearly recognized an abiding faith in the principles which their makers professed. Nor can I forget that in this county of Chester were enacted some of the most trying scenes that illus trated so forcibly the bravery and steadfastness of the soldiers of that period. To the great army of the Revolution she gave, too, one of its bravest leaders. No general stood more highly in the confidence of the Father of his Country, none did more valiant or better ser vice, than Gen. Anthony Wayne. We are now assembled within a few miles of his birthplace, not far from the spot in which he spent much of his life; the place, too, of his death and burial. Chester County has not forgotten him, and his name, made so glo rious in the war of the Revolution, in the great contest for the establishment of a government upon a basis which thoroughly re cognized the right of man to self-government. That name, I find, is now inscribed upon the roll of your Regiment and that you have a Wayne as one of your captains. I am gratified to see, too, that another Revolutionary name has its representatives in your ranks: two lineal descendants of that John Morton, who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, are lieutenants in another company. These facts show that the patriotic fervor, which warmed the men of the olden times, still burns in the hearts of their descendants, who are now ready to die in the defence of those same principles for which their ancestors risked their lives and encountered the hardships of the battle field. Here, too, we are in the vicinity of Brandywine, Paoli and Valley 1861 -1 SPEECH OF GOVERNOR CURT1N. 81 Forgo; and here, indeed, we cannot but feel that we are treading upon classic ground. Hut, citizen soldiers, while we thus dwell for a moment upon the memories of the glorious past, we may not close our eyes to the stern realities of the present time. You are here to-day prepared to go forth and battle for the main tenance of those constitutional rights which were transmitted by your ancestors, and for the prostration of which more than two hun dred and fifty thousand rebels stand arrayed. You have voluntarily left your homes and firesides, the compa nions and scenes of your youthful days, with a full knowledge of the probable trials and vicissitudes of a soldier s life, that you may aid, to the extent of your ability, in restoring to its original condition that Government which was fought for by the most courageous band of warriors, and at length triumphantly established by the wisest and most prudent statesmen the world lias ever known. Your mission is not of conquest, is not for spoils and rapine. You will go into those States where rebellion rears her haughty head erect, holding out to those who are loyal at heart and want but the opportunity to display their fidelity as citizens, offering to such as these our Constitution, full, perfect and operative, as it has been adopted by the chosen representatives of the whole people of the United States. It is for this you are contending; for this you are ready to lay down your lives. But, to the persistent rebel, to the traitor who would strike at this Constitution, and who seeks to destroy this most excellent Government, this glorious Constitution, this national fabric, to him you offer the dread retribution of the sword or the rope of the executioner. Yours is not a revolutionary struggle you wish to build up and not destrov. In such a cause, with such antecedents of sacrifice and J devotion for the sake of constitutional liberty, with such prospects of a far-extending future, beneath the influence of its institutions,, I do most heartily say God speed. But I cannot be unmindful, whilst thus offering you words of encouragement, of the serious reflections that must come home to the heart of each of you. You leave at home, a mother, a sister, a wife; or a child ; you are about to part from friends that are dear ; you know that the warrior s path is beset with dangers, and that many a day of fatiguing labor, many a night of sleeplessness, will be the 6 82 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ["November, inevitable lot of a soldier s life; but yours is the virtue that can feel and know all this, yet, for the sake of truth and justice, encounter all these perils in their most trying forms. It is this virtue which makes your position so elevated, as it proves that you are worthy of your sires and the place which gave you birth; that you are fit recipients of the flag of your country, which, by the direction of the Legislature, I now entrust to your keeping. Take, then, this flag; upon its blue field is placed the coat of arms of Pennsylvania, surrounded by the thirty-four stars emblematic of the States of the whole Union. It is the flag of your fathers and of your country. It will be yours to bear it in the thickest of the fight and to defend it to the last. Upon its return, it will have inscribed upon it the record of those battles through which you have carried it, and will become a part of the archives of Pennsylvania; and there it will remain, through all coming time, a witness to your children and your children s children of the valor of their fathers. With full confidence that in your hands this banner will never be disgraced, I entrust it to your care and for the last time bid you farewell At the conclusion, the flag was received by Col. H. R. Guss, who said to the Governor : I have asked the adjutant of the Regiment, Lieut. Henry W. Carruthers, to make the reply to your eloquent address, feeling sure he will more adequately express what 1 desire to say than I could, speaking being more in his line than mine. Adjt. Carruthers then came forward and replied to the eloquent sentiments of the Governor as follows: Governor: On behalf of Col. Guss and the Ninety-seventh Regi ment, I receive from your excellency s hands this beautiful flag, the emblem of our country s nationality. I have no language to delineate the emotions that throb within each soldier s breast at this mark of confidence reposed by the grand old Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in them, her citizens. Suffice it to say that we thank you with overflowing hearts; and although we desire to make no idle boasts, and although we profess mainly to be citizens of a quiet agricultural district in the Commonwealth founded by 18G1 j REPLY OF ADJUTANT CARRUTHERS. 83 Penn, tlie Apostle of Peace, yet it shall be our endeavor to rally around this standard with a sincere devotion truly worthy of the great cause. We shall endeavor to bear it victoriously aloft, high above the smoke and turmoil of battle, and unpolluted by the touch of an inimical hand; and here, in your august presence, before this multitude, composed of beauty and manhood, in the heart of a county rendered famous and classic by Revolutionary scenes, and by the names of Brandywine, Paoli and Valley Forge, we this day devote our strongest efforts and, if need be, our lives to the defence of liberty and republican government. Again, your excellency, re presenting the teeming millions of the Keystone State, has addressed us with words of encouragement, with words of compliment and words of hope. We thank you for them; we feel proud that we are Pennsylvanians ; we admire her patriotism; we glory in her strength; we rejoice at her prosperity and boast of her elements of greatness and empire; yet we derive a greater satisfaction from the i act that we are American citizens, subjects of a Government founded by \Vashington, and rather than be less "we would be dogs and bay the moon." A government so free can never be destroyed; a cause so glorious as its defence cannot but be victorious. How clear it is to the people is evidenced by the patriotic host that, at the first tocsin of alarm, gathered around her planet standard with a spirit more eager for the fray than the wild retainers of the Macgregor s Scot tish clan. We desire to be numbered with them, and, like the idoli/ed Harry of the West, we believe that the colors which float from this standard should be the credentials of every freeman; and we shall stand erect whilst life endures, with a spirit undaunted, ready to second the efforts of the Administration in behalf of liberty, the Union and the national prosperity. The exercises of the day, which were no less impresssive than in teresting throughout, concluded with a review of the Regiment, by Gov. Curtin and staff. The movements of the companies exhibited very creditable attainment in drill and discipline, and Col. Guss was deservedly complimented for the exactitude of all their move ments. On November 12, Col. Guss received, from Gov. Curtin, verbal orders to hold his Regiment in readiness to proceed to Washington^ D. C., within a very few days. Preparations were immediately com- 84 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, menced for departure. The camp became the scene of still greater interest and activity as the time for parting drew near. The drill and regular order of duty were suspended to allow the men all possible time with their friends in the camp. Many touching and tender incidents of parting occurred which were too sacred for portrayal by the historic pen. On November 15, final marching orders were received. Early on the morning of the 16th, the Regiment marched out of Camp Wayne and passed through the principal streets of West Chester to the depot of the Philadelphia and West Chester Railroad. Pass ing along the route, the citizens and friends of the Regiment thronged the sidewalks, crowding the way, eager to press through to give a last embrace and adieu to near and dear ones. From THE COOPEIl SHOP VOLUNTEER REFRESHMENT SALOON AND HOSPITAL. the windows waved the hands and banners of many fair ones who scattered bouquets and flowers as they bade their adieus and God speed. The scene was imposing and impressive as the march con tinued. On Church Street, a halt was made to partake of a lunch of coffee and sandwiches provided by the citizens. All along the route to the depot, the sway of greeting hands, waving of hand kerchiefs, and the murmur of thousands of voices mingled in last adieus, found at length its culmination, breaking forth in hearty cheers for the boys in blue as the train took its departure at 11.20 A. M. 1861 ] DEPARTURE FROM CAMP WAYNE. s:, At the stations, on the way to Philadelphia, many of the friends of the Uejnment were collected, who cheered and shouted adieus as O the train sped past. Arrived at West Philadelphia at 12.45 P.M. Marched thence to the Cooper Shop Refreshment Saloon, at Otsego Street and Washington Avenue (four miles), and were there re freshed by the kind hospitality of that committee and of the Union Refreshment Committee, whose united efforts to provide for the com fort of the soldiers passing through Philadelphia were crowned with such remarkable success as to have placed the loyal liberality of her citizens most prominent as a feature of importance during the war, rendering those places dear and familiar to the hundreds of thousands who were refreshed by the way, both going to and returning from the front. From the saloons, marched to the depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, and at 5 30 P. M. started for Washington. THE UNION VOLUNTEER REFRESHMENT SALOON. While on the march up Washington Avenue to the depot, Mrs. Mary St. John, familiarly known as " Mother St. John," joined the Regiment, as laundress, her home being in Philadelphia. She was the wife of Drum Maj. James St. John. Her two youngest sons were also members of the Regiment. She remained continuously with the Regiment until the spring of 1864, rendering valuable services to the sick and wounded. Her conduct was always such as to merit and receive the respect of all, and her presence in the camp was ever the guarantee of some desirable comfort that could not other wise have been obtained. At Chester, Delaware Co., Pa., many of the friends of the Regi ment had gathered to give them a parting greeting, Companies D, 86 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November. G and I being from Delaware County. At Wilmington, Del., also, a large number came to see the Regiment pass and have another good-bye. Here all were left behind who had any personal interest in the Regiment, yet, along the entire route to Baltimore and Wash ington, cheers and enthusiasm everywhere greeted the coming of another regiment to the national defence. Arrived at Baltimore at 5.30 A. M., November 17, and marched from the President Street Depot, through the city, over the route along which the 6th Massachusetts Regiment passed, on April 19, when fired upon by the rebel mob. The streets were now almost deserted. Occasionally, however, the sight of the old flag, waving from the upper windows, gave cheering indication of a remnant of loyalty as we passed along. The rebel element was, however, still more evident in the skulking sullenness of the few observed peering from alleys and byways along the route. Left Baltimore at 8.30 A. M. Arrived at Washington at 3 P. M., having been delayed awaiting trains passing north from Washington. The railroad from Havre de Grace to Washington was picketed and guarded by a strong force, stationed at intervals, from which the guards were distributed. The Regiment partook of a lunch, provided at the Soldiers Rest, adjoining the depot, and afterwards marched to an open lot half a mile north of the Capitol, where tents were pitched for the first time at dusk on November 17, 1861. The camp was named Camp Jones Brooke, in honor of Hon. H. Jones Brooke, whose influence had aided the Regiment in its organization. The sharp cold wind of that November evening swept keenly over the unsheltered men while waiting for the teams to bring up the tents. But none complained of hardship, the men seeming im pressed with the feeling that such inconveniences were a part of a soldier s life to be endured uncomplainingly. The weather remained very cold for several days, but the men being in good spirits and all well, except a few who had taken slight colds, there was but little inconvenience suffered. The healthy condition of our men was noticed, upon arriving at Washington, in this wise: A medical officer came to Dr. Everhart and pointed out the ambulances for conveyance of the sick. Upon Dr. Everhart saying, " We have no sick," he seemed astonished and said this was the first regiment that had arrived in Washington with less than ten or twelve to be taken to the hospital. Other 1861 -1 CAMP JONES BROOKE, WASHINGTON. 87 officers and citizens, who were present when the Regiment arrived, expressed the opinion that it had the most robust and healthy- looking men that had reached Washington. The same opinion was expressed to officers of the Regiment while in Baltimore. On November 20, the Regiment was marched to the Washing ton arsenal, where the companies which had been previously armed with the old muskets, turned in their arms, depositing them in a pile at the arsenal as they marched in, after which the entire Regi ment received the new Springfield rifled musket, of the pattern of 18(51, a beautiful and effective piece, with which the men were highly pleased. While encamped at Washington, in addition to the usual camp duties, the men were occupied daily in company drill and in the manual of arms, etc., the recruits last enlisted being drilled in squads by the non-commissioned officers of the companies. Col. Guss, having received orders from the War Department to proceed with his Regiment to Fortress Monroe, Va., issued orders, on the evening of the 19th, to have two days rations cooked and to have the men ready to march at short notice. Accordingly, on the 20th, after returning from the march to the arsenal, the order was given to strike tents and pack up, which the men obeyed with a ready will. Teams were soon upon the ground to convey the tents and baggage to the depot, for shipment to Baltimore, from whence the Regiment was to embark. At 2 P. M., marched to the depot; waited until 4 P. M. for cars; then loaded baggage and men and waited until 8 P. M. for the arrival of other trains on the road; reached Baltimore at 11 P. M., remaining under the shelter of the depot until morning. The men, rinding resting places on the floor, slept soundly. Before marching from the depot, on the morning of November 21, the 93d Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. James Mc- Carter, from Lebanon, Pa., arrived at Baltimore and halted by the depot to await transportation. There were many pleasant greetings between the men who, though from distant localities, were glad to meet as Pennsylvanians and patriots. Previous to leaving the depot in Baltimore, the men were plentifully refreshed by the Union Re freshment Committee. Then marched to Locust Point, on the Patapsco River, where Companies B, E, G, H, I and K, with the band, embarked on board the steamer Georgiana. Considerable delay occurred in loading the baggage of the Regiment owing to the inconvenience of the landing. At 3 P. M., when the companies 88 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, designated had been taken on board, it was found the steamer could not carry the entire Regiment. The remaining companies, A, C, D and F, were then marched nearly two miles to Concord Street Wharf, to embark on the steamer Louisiana, which was to start at 7 P. M. Those companies were commanded by Lieut. Col. A. P. Ducr, Col. Guss and the other field officers being on board the Georgiana. At daylight on the morning of November 22, the two steamers on / o which the Regiment had embarked had arrived in the bay opposite Fortress Monroe, Va., and had anchored quite near together. FORTRESS MONROE IN 1861. At 7 A. M., the Regiment landed upon the wharf at the fort, boats not being permitted to land troops or citizens between sun down and 7 A. M. Col. Guss reported his arrival to the com mandant, Maj. Gen. John E. Wool, U. S. A., and received orders where to encamp. The Regiment was formed in line near the wharf, then marched about one and a half miles southwest of the fort, over a gravel road, crossing a bridge that spans an arm of the bay or inlet, toward the village of Hampton, which the rebels had burned a short time previous upon the approach of Gen. Phelps 1SC1.] CAMP HAMILTON. 89 THE HORNING OF HAMPTON. troops. The tall chim neys, left standing amid the ruins, were in full view during the march, presenting a vivid pic ture of the desolation wrought by a misguided people in its rebellion against the protecting power of a beneficent government. For the second time in its his tory, this village had fallen a prey to the ravages of destroying flames, now kindled by the fugitive dwellers within its ancient and time-honored walls. The British troops, during the war of 1812, first consigned its dwellings to the torch, but, more considerate of sacred edifices, had spared the ancient church of St. John, built of bricks that had crossed the ocean with the earliest settlers. Its later desolaters, more ruthless, have left no trace of its an cient and memorable mansions, save the tall blackened chimneys and the bare and crumbling walls of the old church, around which the tombstones of past generations grimly stand as sentinels, bearing silent record of an cestral honor and earlier patriotism. The place selected for the camp was about midway between the fort and Hampton. Several regiments were already encamped near by. The name of Camp Hamilton had been given to the locality, which was understood to embrace the entire camp. The 97th Regi ment encamped in a field next to one occupied by the llth Pa. Cav., commanded by Col. Josiah Harlan, of Chester Co., Pa. The following Pennsylvania regiments were also at Camp Hamilton at the same time, viz.: 45th, 55th and 76th Infantry. The department was commanded by that veteran officer, Maj. Gen. John E. Wool, U. S. A., and the post by Brig. Gen. James K. F. Mansfield. After the camp lines were established and the guards detailed RUINS OF ST. JOHN 8 CHURCH. 90 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, and posted, orders were issued to have the ground cleared of weeds, etc. (it being an old tobacco field), and to have wells dug in each company street. The water being found about five feet below the surface, the wells were walled" by placing barrels, open at both ends, in the hole, two or more on top of each other. In this manner, water was procured during the greater portion of the term of ser vice in the Department of the South. It was generally good for a time, but became brackish, and often quite bad, after the wells had been long in use, requiring new wells to be dug. Company and battalion drill were now resumed, the former gene rally in the morning and the latter in the afternoon, and dress parade half an hour before sunset. At the close of the first battalion drill, at Camp Hamilton, Col. Guss complimented his officers and men for their performance, and said: "All that was wanted was a little more practice to make an efficient and reliable regiment." The colonel being already greatly beloved by his officers and men, in consequence of his kind and considerate attention to their comfort and welfare constantly mani fested, caused praise of him to be heard from almost all in the Regiment. The line of outside pickets at the post extended along the stream that separates Camp Hamilton from the village of Hampton, and from the stream across to the beach, at a distance of about two miles from the camp and near the same distance from the fort. From the picket lines, drumming in the rebel camp was heard. A few cavalry pickets were occasionally seen, but did not approach our lines. The broad expanse of Hampton Roads, stretching away to the westward from our camp, presented an attractive interest. In the distance, occasionally the dark smoke of rebel steamers could be seen moving behind Craney Island toward SewelPs Point, where a rebel battery aided in barring the way to Norfolk and Portsmouth. Nearer and in plain view could be seen the tall masts and spars of the national vessels at anchor in the roads. The boding influence of the corning storm seemed presaged in the dim and dusky autumn air as a mirage of the conflict which a few weeks later burst so suddenly upon the startled beholders of the memorable attack of the Merrimac upon the Cumberland and other vessels of the fleet. De fenceless against the impetuous thrusts of her deep-cutting prow, defeat and disaster seemed impending until the opportune arrival of the first Monitor turned the tide of battle and rescued the 1861.] CAMP HAMILTON. 91 national Hoot from the inevitable destruction that would otherwise have ensued. During the night of November 29, signal lights and rockets were seen in the direction of Sewell s Point and heavy firing was hoard from near Norfolk. Firing had also been heard at intervals during the previous afternoon. It was then supposed to be the enemy practicing. On the 31st, heavy firing was again heard from beyond Craney Island, the smoke from the guns being distinctly visible from the camp. It proved to be a gunboat shelling u rebel supply boat on its way to Sewell s Point. BATTLE OF THK MONITOR AND MKKKIMAC. These incidents are noted as showing the eager interest mani fested by all in whatever afforded an opportunity of a nearer ex perience with the yet untried realities of the conflict of arms. On December 3, 1861, a chill and dreary morning, about two inches of snow covered the ground and it was very cold, but the boys were all cheerful and ready for duty. Drill was postponed in order to avoid unnecessary exposure of the men. In addition to the usual routine, each company had been receiving instruction in the skirmish drill, several having already attained considerable pro ficiency in the various deployments. While at Camp Hamilton, several of the officers and men were taken sick with violent cramping pains in the bowels, which the surgeons attributed to vegetable impurities in the water, these cases yielding readily to proper medical treatment. On the 8th of December, 1861, at Fortress Monroe, Va., the following men of the Regiment were discharged, upon surgeon s certificate of disability, and returned to their homes; viz.: Taylor 92. HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, W. Harper, drummer, Co. C; John F. Cloud, wagoner, Co. D; Privates Jacob B. James, Co. A; Joseph D. McGinnis, Co. B; Thomas T. Esworthy and John Opperman, Co. F; Stephen John son, Hugh McKenna and William Wright, Co. G; Charles Brown and Taylor Wilson Mclntyre, Co. K. Most of these men again entered the service in other regiments. One of them, William Wright, returned to Co. G, 97th Regiment, early in 1863. These discharges were ordered in consequence of the inability of the men to accompany their Regiment, then under marching orders. Corp. Henry G. Yocum, of Co. G, being also sick with measles, was left at the hospital at Fortress Monroe, Va., when the Regiment em barked. He afterwards died, December 21, 1861, being the first death of a member of the Regiment. He was buried, with military honors, at W r est Chester, Pa., where his mother resided. FLAN OF BATTLE AT PORT ROYAL HARBOR. 1801.] PORT ROYAL. 93 CHAPTER III. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, HILTON HEAD, S. C.; WARSAW SOUND, GA.; FORT CLINCH, FERNANDINA AND JACKSONVILLE, FLA.; EDISTO AND JOHN S ISLAND, S. C., DECEMBER, 1861, TO JANUARY, 1862. ^At>, OMMODORE DUPONT S brilliant success, at Port j-l. 1 Royal. S. C.. on November 7, 1861, and the subsequent occupation of Hilton Head and Beaufort, S. C., by the United States forces, had opened the way for more ex tensive operations in the Department of the South. j* To this most interesting point the 97th Regiment was now ordered. Col. Guss issued orders, early on the morning of December 8, 1861, to strike tents and make ready to pack up. By noon, the camp and garrison equipage had been transferred to the wharf, and a detail engaged in loading the baggage on board the transport. At 2 P. M., the Regi ment marched to the landing. One company at a time was then taken upon a small steamer and transferred to the United States steam transport Ericsson, at anchor in the bay. It was a tedious process getting from the small vessel to the steamer, owing to the decks being of different height, the guard rails obstructing the pass age of the men, encumbered with knapsacks, arms, accoutrements, etc. Col. Guss superintended in person the embarkation and the assignment of quarters to the companies, seeing that all were com fortably arranged, each company having its separate place where the men could dispose of their arms, baggage, etc., and have a guard to keep watch of it in turn. The steamer lay at anchor in the bay until the morning of the 9th, weighed anchor at 11 A. M., and was soon under way. Pass ing near the steam frigates Minnesota and Roanoke, the marines ran up the rigging and gave three hearty cheers which our men returned with a will. Guard mounting was performed as prescribed for troops on ship- 94 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, board, the daily routine of duties and attention to the sanitary con dition of the men being strictly observed during the voyage. After a very pleasant voyage of three days, the sea being perfectly calm, reached the entrance to Port Royal Harbor, on the evening of December 11, too late for a pilot to come out. The steamer lay to, awaiting morning to enter, but, at 10 P. M., a storm coming on, the captain headed the steamer seaward, and ran out to avoid the dangers of the coast. For three days it continued with in creasing violence. The men suffered greatly from sea-sickness and confinement below. The billows tossed the ship like a shell upon their crests, while the wind whistled shrill and moaningly through the cordage, as the tempest spent its force over the wide expanse of waters, but the timbers of the staunch steamer held together well, being strongly built. It was a grand sight to witness, standing upon the deck at night, looking out upon the seething cauldron over which the dark ness of the night rested, while beneath its pall the foaming billows were lit up with the sparkling brilliancy of those mysterious lights that seemed to dance upon the waters in very sportiveness, mar vellous in their beauty and source, intangible as the visions of fairy land. By the morning of December 14, the storm had so far abated as to permit the steamer to venture into port. About 10 A. M., a pilot was signalled, who came out. He brought the steamer to the outer bar, at the entrance to Port Royal Harbor, where it was ne cessary to anchor and await high tide to enable the vessel to enter in safety. At 4 P. M., weighed anchor, and was soon safe in the bay of Port Royal, S. C. FOKT WALKER. FORT BEATJREGARD. Across the bay, Dupont s fleet was at anchor. His flagship Wa- bash and the Susquehanna, conspicuous, received the admiration of all eyes. Fort Walker, Hilton Head and Fort Beauregard, opposite HILTON HEAD. 95 on Bay Point, wore also objects of interest, for here the enemy made a most desperate resistance, which gave the greater eclat to the success of the national fleet. The men eagerly noted the effect i i oi the bombardment as they passed 1 in to anchor for the night. Three of the dismantled hulks, brought down to obstruct Charleston har- bor, by sinking them loaded with granite, were here, awaiting the remainder of the stone fleet. On December 20, sixteen of them were sunk in the channels of Charleston harbor, under the di- rection of Fleet Captain Charles STONE FLEET BLO CKADE. H. Davis. The men hailed the prospect of landing with delight, being worn out with sea-sickness and close confinement on shipboard. On December 15, disembarked in lighters which came alongside the steamer, each taking one company at a time. A detail was left to unload and bring ashore the baggage. The Regiment formed in line on the beach near Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, then marched about half a mile to the rear of the fort to encamp in a cotton field. The ground, uneven from the ridges of last year s tillage, was covered with tall weeds, coarse grass, prickly pear and a sharp sand-burr, quite annoying to come in contact with. Tents were pitched temporarily, in the entangle ment of weeds and nightfall, cheerily by the men liberated from the greater discomfort of the crowded transport. The 76th P. V. was encamped in an adjoining field. At the instance of its adjutant, William Darlington, a son of Dr. William Darlington, of West Chester, the companies of that regiment made hot coffee and brought to the Regiment to partake of while waiting for their tents to arrive. The officers also invited the officers of the 97th to take supper with them. The kindness was fully appreciated, and in that evening s hospitality originated the fraternal feeling that in the future so strongly united these regiments in their after experiences in the service. For two days the men were employed in clearing and leveling the ground for the camp and a portion of the field adjoining for drill 96 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, ground, details from each company being made for the purpose. Wells were also dug. The camp soon presented a contrast to the wilderness of weeds into which the Regiment had marched. During the work, many large shot, fragments of shell and some unexplodcd shell, thrown by the gunboats during the bombardment, were found by the men. They were objects of much interest and curiosity. Some accidents occurred from the careless handling of the latter, attempting to unload them or placing those supposed to be empty upon the fires. The guns and accoutrements now received the much needed attention, necessarily relaxed during the sea voyage, owing to the sickness of the men and the crowded condition of the vessel. After these preparations, the regular routine of drill and disci pline was resumed and the bayonet exercise introduced. Dress parade in the evening and guard mounting at post head-quarters, in due form every morning, each regiment furnishing a portion of the post guard in turn. Details of a company daily were also made for work upon the intrenchments, in course of erection, as an inland protection to the large amount of stores being concentrated at Hilton Head, the depot of supplies for the department. Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman was in command of the Depart ment of the South, with head-quarters at Hilton Head, S. C., when the Ilegiment landed, to whom Col. Guss reported for duty. The land force consisted of three brigades, commanded, respectively, by Brig. Gens. Egbert S. Yiele, Isaac I. Stevens and Ho ratio G. Wright. To the brigade of the latter the 97th Ilegiment was as- ^- signed by Gen. Sherman. The principal offices of the POPE 3 HOUSE AT HILTON HEAD. department were located in the large mansion of Mr. Pope, conspicuous in appearance in con trast with the long lines of sheds and smaller houses erected for quarters and government stores. A shot from one of the guns of the bombarding fleet had penetrated and passed through it from side to side. It was otherwise uninjured. While on board the steamer, several of the men had been taken sick with the measles, and after landing many were affected with that disease, which prevailed for several weeks; but, with careful 1801.] ADVANCE AT PORT ROYAL PERKY. 97 treatment and a propitious climate, the cases all recovered, leaving none of the complications that often follow the disease in adults. On December 23, the first inspection since landing at Hilton Head. The arms presented the effects of rust caused by the salt water and sea air of the voyage. Most of the men were known to have done all in their power to keep their pieces bright and clean, while on shipboard, the rust being inevitable from the influence of the salt atmosphere. About December 28, Capt. Mcllvaine, of Company H, received a furlough for thirty days and returned home. 1st Lieut. Evans, of Company A, was assigned to the command of Company H until the return of Capt. Mcllvaine, which was on January 27, 1862, when Lieut. Evans returned to duty in Company A. On December 31, 1861, a combined land and naval force be gan a movement against the enemy at Port Royal Ferry, near Beaufort, S. C. Three regiments were sent from Hilton Head. The 97th Regi- had received orders to be ready to march at a moment s notice. The attack began early on the morning of January 1, 1862. Heavy firing was heard, during the day, in the direction of Beaufort, but no order to march came. At 12 M., the lone; roll o was beat in all the camps at Hilton Head. The 97th was formed on the color line and awaited orders. Then arms were stacked and the men dismissed with orders to keep on their accoutrements until the tap of the drum. The advance being successful support was unnecessary. Marching orders were countermanded and the excitement subsided. 7 98 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, On January 2, 1862, Capt. Price, of Company C, was detailed, with other officers and men of the Regiment, upon recruiting service. An account of that service is given in another chapter. During the absence of Capt. Price, the command of Company C devolved upon 1st Lieut. Emmor G. Griffith until April, 1862. On January 7, at Hilton Head, S. C., Private Henry Stephens, of Company F, died, of congestive fever, and was buried on the follow ing day at the cemetery outside the intrenchments. This was the first funeral in the Regiment. Eleven enlisted men were discharged, for physical disability, at Hilton Head, S. C., in January, 1862. On January 21, 1862, an expedition was fitted out, at Hilton Head, to operate against Fort Pulaski and some points on the Florida coast. A brigade, consisting of the 6th Connecticut, 4th New Hampshire, 9th Maine, and the 97th Pennsylvania, under command of Gen. H. G. Wright, constituted the land force which was designed to pass by way of Warsaw Sound, Wilmington River and St. Augustine jCreek, and enter the Savannah River in rear of Fort Pulaski. The 97th P. V. left its camp at 3 P. M., on the 21st, and em barked on the splendid steamer Boston, commanded by Capt. J. P. Johnson, of Boston, Mass. He proved to be a prince of steamboat captains and a staunch friend, whose kindness the Regiment was fortunate in having many opportunities of enjoying. At the camp upon Hilton Head, forty-six convalescent and sick men were left, under the care of Dr. R. H. Smith, 1st sergeant of Company G. 2d Lieut. James Hughes, of Company B, then physically disabled from accompanying the expedition, was left in command. The weather becoming quite stormy, delayed the movement until January 26, when the fleet proceeded to Warsaw Sound, Ga., thirteen miles below Savannah, and came to anchor at 4 P. M. on that day. At 8 A. M., on the 27th, six gunboats of the fleet advanced up the Wilmington River to reconnoitre. Firing was heard frequently during the day, the smoke being plainly visible from the transports. On the 28th, at noon, heavy firing was heard in the direction of Savannah River. Five rebel steamers appeared at 2.30 P. M., de scending Wilmington River. Our gunboats having returned opened a brisk fire upon them, stopping their progress at a bend of the river, frustrating their purpose of reconnoitering the operations of the expedition. 1862.] 01 EKATIONS AGAINST FORT PULASKI. 99 These were regarded as an effort to approach the city of Sa vannah by landing a force to march inland. A lodgment had been made on Jones and Bird Islands, and batteries completed by February 11, which effectually closed Savannah River in the rear of Fort Pulaski. Meanwhile, other and more important progress was being made upon the low marshy borders of Tybee Island, within a few hundred yards of Fort Pulaski, where, in the silence of the night, under cover of the dense growth of chaparral, a road was built over the swamp, regarded wholly inaccessible, but which Gilmore s men disproved by piling brush and pine poles together, upon which sand, carried in boxes from the shore, was deposited, finishing with a plank roadway, extending from the beach to the; batteries, over which the heavy siege guns and mortars, some weigh ing upwards of eight tons, were dragged on sling carts by the men, two hundred being required for each heavy piece. An old martello tower stands on almost the only solid point of the island, at the entrance to the river. It was an object of great interest and curiosity. Its builders would be, no doubt, more perplexed at the result of modern engi neering, which has built such formid- MAKTEI/LO TOWER, TYHEE ISLAND. able batteries upon the swamps that lie between it and Fort Pulaski, than our men seemed to be with its quaint design and strong concrete walls. Before these preparations for the reduction of Fort Pulaski were completed, the co-opera tive force, commanded by Gen. Wright, having accomplished its object, was ordered to advance upon points still further south. Gen. Gilmore, having placed his siege batteries in order, was ready to open fire on April 9. On the morning of the 10th, Gen. Hunter sent Lieut. J. H. Wilson, of the Topo graphical Engineers, who had made the principal explorations lead ing to these operations, to demand the surrender of the garrison by its commander, Col. Charles H. Olmstead, of the 1st Georgia Regiment. This being refused, in the declaration, "I am here to defend the fort, not to surrender it," at 8.15 A. M., the batteries opened upon it and continued firing all day; five of the enemy s guns being silenced and the responses of the others becoming 100 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, BKEACII IN FORT PULASKI. less frequfent. Two of Gilmore s guns fired at intervals of eighteen minutes through the night. At sunrise, the next morning, the batte ries opened afresh with the greatest vigor. A yawning breach soon became visible at a point where the fire of Sigel, Scott and Mc- Clellan concentrated. Yet the fort con tinued the fight bravely until 2 P. M., when preparations were made to storm the work. A white flag was then displayed from the walls, causing the fire to cease. Ten guns were found dismounted. It was a hard fought but almost bloodless contest, only one killed on each side, the enemy having several wounded. The fort, forty-seven heavy guns, a large supply of fixed ammuni tion, forty thousand pounds of powder, a large quantity of com missary stores and three hundred prisoners were the fruits of this success. The 97th Regiment, though not actually present at the bombard ment of Pulaski, may properly be regarded as assisting in its reduc tion through the advance by Warsaw Sound, entailing its measure of suffering, sacrificing the lives of several of its bravest and best men, from the fevers contracted in the closely-crowded transports. Of those left sick in the hospital, at Hilton Head, Private Hunter Maxton, of Company F, died, January 25, of congestive fever, and Sergt. Gerritt S. Hambleton, of Company C, died, January 31, 1862, of typhoid fever. His death was universally lamented by the offi cers and men of his company, and by most in the Regiment, being a young man of great worth and amiability, with bright talents and promise, whose excellent and efficient qualities had already indi cated his selection for promotion to the first vacancy for a commis sion in his company. Through the exertions of his friend, faithful companion and nurse, Corp. B. Lundy Kent, of the same company, FORT PULASKI AND WARSAW SOUND. 101 his body was sent home for interment, at Longwood Cemetery, where, on the morning of February 16, 1862, his family and friends gathered and sadly laid his remains in that quiet resting place. Many touching tributes were paid to his worth, and all felt that his work, though scarcely begun, was yet complete in its earnest devotion to the aim of a most noble purpose. This tribute to his excellence of character and promise is taken from a letter, written by Adjt. II. W. Carruthers, to a friend in West Chester, dated Warsaw Sound, Ga., February 3, 1S62: "* * * We left a number of sick men in camp (at Hilton Head, S. C.) when we started, and last night s intelligence informed us that two are dead. One, G. S. Hambleton, a sergeant of Capt. Price s company, one of the very finest young men in the Regiment. Physical strength, beauty, kindness of heart and intellectual attainments of a high order, were his. He was so strong and robust that I thought disease would reach him the last of all. He died of typhoid fever. * * H. W. C " On February 1, on board steamer Boston, in Warsaw Sound, Ga., Private Joseph 11. McKinley, of Company C. died, of ship fever, after an illness of only a few hours. He was buried, on Warsaw Island, the same evening. Lieut. Gardiner, of Company C, with a detail for the purpose, went ashore to make the interment. While thus engaged, the out-going tide left their boat aground, in a creek too shoal to get out until the next tide, Lieut. Gardiner and party, being obliged to remain ashore until morning without sufficient shelter, suffered greatly from the exposure. On February 3, Companies B, C and F, under command of Lieut. Col. Duer, with Dr. Miller in charge of the sick, were transferred from steamer Boston to the Marion, in order to relieve the crowded condition of the men. On February 9, all the troops were landed on Warsaw Island to give the men an airing and exercise. On the same day, details were sent from all the companies to Hilton Head for a portion of the tents and clothing, which arrived on the l 2th, with most of the convalescents, who had been left behind. On February 16, the Regiment landed and occupied tents near the beach on Warsaw Island. Remained on the island until February 26. The men were drilled in company and battalion drill, having dress parade every day. On February 19, 2d Lieut. William Gardiner, of Company C, died, after an illness of a few hours, of congestive fever. It was im- 102 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, possible to send his remains home, so he was buried beside Private McKinley, on Warsaw Sound, near the broad Atlantic, beneath a beautiful grove of live oak and palmetto. Sadly his comrades lowered him into the grave and closed the earth above him, marking with his name, age and rank the place where he lies. The following notice of the death of Lieut. Gardiner appeared in a West Chester paper, when the intelligence reached his home : "Died, on board U. S. transport Boston, in Warsaw Sound, on the coast of Georgia, on the morning of the 19th of February, 1862, after a short illness, Lieut. William Gardiner, of Company C, in the twenty-fourth year of his age. Thus we record the fall of another of the brave and patriotic young men of Company C, who, but a few months ago, went forth from their homes and friends in defence of their country. Truly in these instances is verified: Death loves a shining mark. "Gentle and unobtrusive in manner, even to extreme modesty, the worth of Lieut. Gardiner was only known by those intimately associated with him. Attentive and efficient in duty, and closely studious, he had acquired a proficiency seldom equalled in all that pertains to the service. Unsolicited, and without any other influ ence, his own merit had secured his selection for a position which, in filling, he honored, winning his way still deeper in the esteem and affection of his companions in arms, who sincerely mourn his loss. " But who shall measure the depths of sorrow this sad event has brought to his widowed mother, or realize the grief of his young sister (now her only companion), while still other sons and brothers are far away in the tented fields beyond the Potomac." On February 26, orders were received to strike tents. At 2 P. M., Companies A, D, E, G, H, I and K, with the band, re-embarked on the steamer Boston, and Companies B, C and F on board steamer Marion. Every preparation was made for a move of the expedition, but the vessels remained at anchor. Heavy firing was heard in the direction of Savannah. The rebel Fort McAllister being in sight of the fleet, the gunboats moved up the river and opened fire upon it with shell. The enemy could be seen, by the aid of a field glass, working their guns. The firing toward Savannah was again heard on the 27th. The gunboats continued to operate upon the works on Savannah and Wilmington Rivers. Formidable obstructions, however, prevented a nearer approach to the city of Savannah. Com. Dupont, in his flagship Wabash, arrived, from Hilton Head, 862] CAPTURE OF FORT CLINCH AND FERNANDINA on February 28, 1862, and transferred his flag to the smaller war vessel, the Mohican. The fleet, consisting of twenty armed vessels OH8TRUCTJON8 IN SAVANNAH RIVEU. and eleven transports, put to sea at 4 P. M., the object being the occupation of portions of the coast of Georgia and Florida. On March 1, Corp. Joseph M. Lewis, of Company C, died of ship fever, of which he had been ill since February 25. He was buried at sea. On Sunday, March 2, sighted land, and at 8 A. M. passed near the lighthouse on the north end of Cumberland Island, Ga., and en tered St. Andrew s Sound. The gunboats in advance sent a party ashore to hoist the stars and stripes upon Cumberland Island Light house. At 12 M., the fleet anchored until the morning of the 13d, when the light draft gunboats and transports passed along St. An drew s Sound towards St. Mary s River. The larger vessels passed down the coast to enter the St. Mary s River at Fort Clinch. These came to anchor, outside the bar, at the mouth of St. Mary s River, at 4.30 P. M. Early on the morning of the 4th, the fleet again got under weigh, passed the bar, entered the river within range of the enemy s guns, at Fort Clinch, but encountered no opposition, the enemy having evacuated the fort during the previous night without having fired a shot to dispute the entrance of the fleet. Most of the vessels passed up the river and came to anchor opposite the old town of Fernandina. The inhabitants had abandoned both that and the larger town of New Fernandina, a mile farther up the river. The exodus had been made in great haste, leaving tents and bag gage behind, the houses and stores being filled with furniture, goods, etc. A few had managed to secure some of their effects by* carrying them away during the night upon the railroad. A loaded train, just moving off, was stopped by a well-directed shot from the gunboats, which killed two men. A small rebel coasting steamer, 104 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [March, the Darlington, was also captured, after a chase up the river by two armed boats, under Com. Rogers, of the navy. She was loaded with women and children, mules, forage and other stores. The town of St. Mary s, Ga., on the St. Mary s River, opposite to and distant ten miles from Fernandina, was also captured by Com. Rogers, on the Ottawa, on the afternoon of March 5. Fernandina was occupied by Gen. Wright s forces, the 97th P. V., being the first regiment to land and establish the picket force, having been on shipboard forty-four days, less ten days on Warsaw Island. The picket force of the 97th, in exploring beyond the line established, came upon a masked battery that had covered the re treat of the rebels toward Harrison s Landing. Two guns were captured and brought in. The 4th New Hampshire was detailed as patrol guard to prevent pillage. The 9th Maine occupied a position adjoining the camp of the 97th P. V., on the inland side of the city. Many negroes had remained and a few of the white residents, principally of northern origin. Such of the houses as had been abandoned were occupied, by order of the commanding general, as head-quarters of the command and its departments, and for quarters of officers attached to the expedition. Gen. Wright occupied the house of late United States Senator Yulee, near the centre of the town. Maj. Z. K. Pangborn, paymaster U. S. Vols., occupied Gov. FORT CLINCH. Broome s house. Fort Clinch, situated at the mouth of the St. Mary s River, was garrisoned by Company E, 1st N. Y. Vol. En gineers, with Capt. Alfred F. Sears as constructing engineer, under whose superintendence the work of completing and strengthening the fort was at once commenced. While at Fernandina, the usual camp duties were performed by the Regiment, and a detail for outside picket furnished, in turn, 1862.] CAPTURE OF JACKSONVILLE, MAYPORT AND ST. AUGUSTINE. 105 with the other regiments of the brigade. Company and regimental drill and dress parade, as usual. A fleet of six gunboats, with the 4th New Hampshire, under command of Col. Whipple, left Fernandina, on the 8th, and, on March 12, captured the towns of Jacksonville and Mayport, on the St. John s River, and St. Augustine, on the coast, all in Florida. The rebels hastily evacuated those places on the approach of the gunboats, setting fire to the mills and lumber at the former places, by which a large amount of very valuable material was destroyed. A few negroes and citizens remained, but the larger number either fled voluntarily or were forced to leave by the enemy. On March 9, Company A, with a detachment of cavalry, made a scout to Harrison s Landing, about ten miles distant, near the centre of the island, but found no sign of the enemy. On March 12, 1862, the Regiment was paid by Maj Z. K. Pang- born, paymaster U. S. Vols., to include December 31, 1861, being the first payment received. It was made at Gov. Broome s house, one company marching up at a time. On March 12, Brunswick and Darien, two hamlets on St. Simon s Sound, Ga., were captured by a portion of the fleet despatched from Fernandina, on the 8th. On March 24, the 97th was sent to reinforce the troops at Jack sonville, embarking, at 10 A. M., upon the steamer Cosmopolitan, leaving the 9th Maine to garrison Fernandina, where it remained for nearly a year. A few sick men of the 97th were left in the hospital in charge of the surgeon of the 9th Maine. One of these, Corp. John L. Morton, of Company I, died, of typhoid fever, on March 28, and Harry Hunter, musician, of Company I, died, in the general hospital, at Hilton Head, S. C., of chronic diarrhoea, April 1, 1862. The Cosmopolitan, with Gen. H. G. Wright and staff and the 97th Regiment, on board, arrived at Jacksonville at 5 P. M. on the 24th. Slight opposition was encountered from rebel sharp-shooters, posted on the bluffs on the banks of the river, but a few shell from the gunboats soon drove them off. Upon landing, the troops were quartered in storehouses and other large buildings that were found unoccupied, the 97th being at the corner of Bayard and Orange Streets, in a large warehouse. The citizens reported a heavy force of rebels in the vicinity of the city and seemed apprehensive of their return. A strong picket 106 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [March, force was advanced about half a mile beyond the town, and a line of earthworks established, upon which the troops were engaged for several days in completing and strengthening to guard against as sault from a superior force. At midnight on the 24th, the picket guard was fired upon. One man of the 4th New Hampshire was killed and one wounded, by a party of rebels attacking one of the outposts, also capturing five men of the 4th New Hampshire. The advance of the enemy was checked by the return fire, their loss being one killed and two taken prisoners. On the 25th, escaping contrabands coming in reported the rebel forces within two miles of the picket lines. Several rebel deserters came in during the night of the 25th. On the 28th, pickets of the 97th fired upon rebel cavalry scouts. On same day, details of axemen went out to cut down the timber to prevent rebels approaching the position under cover, an armed force being sent in advance to protect the choppers from the rebel sharp-shooters. On the 29th, the rebels advanced in force to re connoitre. The advance guard and the wood-choppers came in from the front. Gen. Wright s forces were held in readiness for the attack, but the rebels did not seem ready to come within reach of the gunboats. Afterward, under a flag of truce, a rebel colonel several times came into the lines, and was sent to head-quarters, where he remained several hours and then passed out again, being escorted in and out by a guard. The first time was on March 30; again on April 1 and 2. It was reported that his object in coming was to have the women and children sent out of town previous to an attack upon the place. Great indignation was felt and mani fested, by many of the officers and men, that a rebel officer should be permitted to pass and repass through the Union lines and forces to head-quarters, repeatedly, giving ample opportunity lor acquiring information as to the strength and position. Frequent allusions to the army regulations in respect to flags of truce, and the pro ceedings proper to be observed in regard to them, were heard pass ing between the men, who knew what those requirements and pro priety should dictate. A due regard for their own observance of these regulations prevented a summary stop being put to the irregu larity; otherwise, the pickets were ready to keep the rebel colonel on his own side of the line. On March 30, Companies A and C of the 97th, under command of Capt. F. M. Guss, with an aid of Gen. Wright, went out to re- 1862 -1 EVACUATION OF JACKSONVILLE. 107 connoitro the position of the enemy. They advanced three miles beyond the picket lines, but met only small parties of rebel scouts, who kept at a safe distance. They returned to their quarters at sunset. At Jacksonville, on April 3, 1862, Private Joseph Yocum, of Company A, died, of congestive fever, and was buried on the 4th in a church burial ground in the outskirts of the city. Ou Sunday, April 6*. the Cosmopolitan arrived at Jacksonville, from Hilton Head, bringing the convalescent members of the Regi ment left at that place in January; also regimental baggage, horses ambulances, etc. About twenty recruits for the llegiment arrived and were assigned to Companies I and K. By the arrival of the steamer Cosmopolitan, information that Gen. T. W. Sherman had been relieved of the command of the Depart ment of the South, March 31, by Maj. Gen. David Hunter, was received, with orders to Gen. Wright to evacuate Jacksonville. Accordingly, during the night of April 7, the troops not on duty, and many of the citizens, were embarked on board the transports Cosmopolitan and Belvidere and the schooner Magnum Bonum, belonging to Mr. John Forrest, sutler of the 97th. These vessels were crowded to their utmost capacity. During the preparations for evacuating, Private Miles, of Company E, one of the hospital attendants, having had unusual facilities for testing the quality of the hospital stores, while packing up, became extremely hilarious, and meeting Gen. Wright upon the street accosted him, and with great familiarity expressed his opinion in regard to the movement, saying, " General, I thought you d have to vaceate," which freedom the general promptly rewarded by an order for an escort for Private Miles to safe quarters under guard. Miles subsided under protest, giving vent to still further opinions in regard to military affairs in general and this one in particular. " General, 1 thought you d have to vaceate," remained a familiar expression in camp for a long time. At 1 P. M., on the 8th, the outer line of pickets was withdrawn, at dusk the inner lines were brought in and all embarked on board the transports, which remained at anchor until next morning, the 9th. The wharf was then crowded with citizens; among them ap peared some rebel soldiers, conspicuous with whom was observed the colonel of flag-of-truce notoriety. There was no demonstration of attack; but, as the vessels moved off in the morning, many exasperating expressions were heard. The men were almost ready 108 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, to discharge a parting salute of ball cartridge at the colonel and some of the demonstrative rebels on shore, but no such indiscretion occurred. In passing down the river, the gunboats threw a few shell into the woods at the bluffs, where the rebels had fired upon the vessels in coming up, to prevent danger from the repetition, the transports being now so crowded as to present sure marks for rebel rifles. At 2 P. M., came to anchor at the mouth of the St. John s River, the weather being too rough to cross the bar with vessels so crowded. On the 10th, it being more favorable, the transports started, arriving safely at Fernandina at sunset. The Regiment landed and encamped near Gov. Broome s house. On April 11, Lieut. Evans, of Company A, was temporarily assigned to the com mand of Company C, on account of the illness of Lieut. Griffith and the absence of Capt. Price on recruiting service. On April 13, 1862, Gen. Wright s forces returned to Hilton Head, S. C., leaving five companies of the 4th New Hampshire and the 9th Maine to occupy Fort Clinch and Fernandina, the remain ing companies of the 4th New Hampshire being at St. Augustine, Fla. The 97th embarked in the steamer Cosmopolitan, arrived at Hilton Head, at sunset on the 13th, anchored for the night in the harbor, landed on the 14th and encamped near the w r est sally port of the intrenchments. The men were allowed a day to clean and fix up arms, accoutrements, clothing, etc. The regular duties and drills were then resumed, the usual detail for post, picket, guard and fatigue duty being made daily. Peter O Neil, a private of Company E, died in the hospital, at Hilton Head, of typhoid fever, April 11. He was buried in the national cemetery, outside the intrenchments. On April 17, a guard of fifty men, of Company C, was detailed to conduct the rebel prisoners, taken at Fort Pulaski, from the provost guard quarters to the New York steamer. On the 18th, the Regiment was paid by Maj. Julian O. Mason, at Hilton Head, to include February 28, 1862. At this time, 2d Lieut. A. N. Morton, of Company I, who had resigned on account of physical disability, left for home. Four men of the Regiment were also discharged on the same account. The additional recruits received for Companies I and K had not yet advanced the aggregate sufficiently to allow of the muster of Capts. Hawkins and Wayne, nor had Col. Guss yet 4 obtained his 1863 3 OCCUPATION OF JAMES ISLAND. 109 muster. This fact being brought to the notice of Gen. Hunter, he directed the immediate muster of those officers by the following letter to Gen. H. G. Wright, commanding division: HEAD-QUARTERS IST DISTRICT, DEPT. SOUTH, HILTON HEAD, S. C., April 19, 1862. GENERAL: The commanding general, being informed that Col. Guss, with his non-commissioned regimental staff, two principal musicians and company officers of two companies of the 97th P. V., with Capt. G. W. Hawkins, of Company I (if not included above), have not been mustered into service. By direction of Gen. Hunter, he wishes you to muster those parties into the service of the United States, from the date the Regiment was ordered into the field or from the date of their joining the same if subsequent thereto. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHAM, Brig. Gen. [Signed] A. B. ELY, A. A. A. G. Gol. Guss was accordingly mustered, by Gen. Wright, to rank from July 25, 1861; Capt. Hawkins, from October 29, 1861; Capt. Wayne, from November 16, 1861, and the non-commissioned regi mental staff to rank from October 29, 1861. Preparatory to the first advance against Charleston, S. C., Gen. Wright was ordered, by Gen. Hunter, to occupy North Edisto Island, S. C. The 97th Regiment struck tents on April 19, marched to the wharf and embarked on the steamer Delaware. Several sick men were sent to the general hospital at Hilton Head. Left the harbor at 1 P. M. and came to anchor in Edisto River at 7 P. M. Landed on North Edisto Island, at noon on the 20th, encamping about a quarter of a mile from the landing. The 55th P. V. occupied the field adjoining, having previously arrived. Each company of that regiment served the corresponding company of the 97th with coffee, a favor mutually reciprocated whenever an opportunity presented. After getting the camp established, and the tents well shaded by green boughs and palmetto leaves laid upon supporting poles, the troops were again regularly and efficiently drilled in company and battalion movements. Gen. H. G. Wright, inspected, reviewed and mustered for pay the regiments of his command on April 30, 1862. Gen. H. W. Benham, commanding the northern district of the de partment, also reviewed the 97th Regiment on May 5. 110 HISTORY OP THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [May, At North Edisto, on May 2, 1862, the- following -officers having resigned and being honorably discharged, for disability, left the Regiment and returned to their homes, viz.: Capt. Jesse L. Cum mins, Company G; 1st Lieuts. Emmor G. Griffith, Company C; John H. Babb, Company E, and Thomas S. Taylor, Company H. George W. Myers, a member of the band, and Privates Albert P. Painter and Edward H. Taylor, of Company H, being discharged, on account of physical disability, returned at the same time. Myers died soon after reaching home. Corp. B. L. Kent, of Company C, was detailed to accompany Lieut. Griffith to his home, he being so much prostrated as to require constant attention. On May 26, 2d Lieut. James Hughes, of Company B, resigned and returned home on account of ill health. Twelve enlisted men of the Regiment, having been discharged, on surgeon s certificate of disability, re turned at the same time. During the month of May, Companies B, G, H, I and K each lost a man by death, from typhoid fever, at the United States general hospital, at Hilton Head. Two men also died, of typhoid fever, at North Edisto: Jacob Lawrence, of Com pany A, on the 16th, and Elias H. Smith, of Company F, on the 30th. Both were buried in the ground attached to an Episcopal church about four miles distant from the camp. On May 29, Companies A, B and C were detailed as cover to the engineers while erecting a wharf, on John s Island, opposite to Edisto, for the landing of troops, artillery, etc., preparatory to the advance. The men were in light marching order, with two days cooked rations in haversacks. They inarched about three miles from the landing and established a picket line. Gen. Wright ac companied the advance. Cavalry scouts of the enemy were seen observing the movements, but they did not advance very closely to the lines. On May 30, Companies A, B and C, on duty on John s Island, were relieved by Companies F, G and I of the 97th, the former returning to camp on Edisto. The latter companies remained on duty until the 31st, being then relieved by three companies of the 6th Connecticut. On May 31, the 76th P. V. arrived at North Edisto and was at tached to Gen. Wright s Brigade. 1862.] JAMES ISLAND. Ill CHAPTER IV. GENERAL HUNTER S ADVANCE TOWARD CHARLESTON; CAMPAIGN UPON JAMES ISLAND; ACTION AT GRIMBALL S PLANTATION AND SECESSION VILLE, S. C.; JUNE, 1862. ftd REPARATIONS having been completed for the ad vance toward Charleston, on June 2, Gen. Hunter ordered the troops upon North Edisto to cross the river preliminary to the march across John s Island. Gen. Wright was now placed in command of the entire force. The brigade packed up all extra bag gage and clothing, and left most of the tents, etc., with a small detail of men, chiefly convalescents, at the camp of the 97th, under command of Capt. Mc- Connell, of Company E. One of the sick left at Edisto, Private Samuel Drake, of Company D, died of climatic fever, June 8, and was buried at Fort Edisto, by the 55th P. V. which remained there on garrison duty. The troops crossed the Edisto, on that day, on lighters and small transports and then marched three miles to Live Oak Point, where they encamped for the night. The 97th P. V., then numbering eight hun dred and forty men fit for duty, crossed the river in the rebel steam boat Planter, which had been run out of Charles ton Harbor, a few days previously, by her pilot, Robert Small, a colored man, with a colored crew of eight men. He had contrived to get his family on board the evening previous and then started his THE PLANTER. 112 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. C June steamer on a desperate attempt to pass under the guns ol Fort Sumter, which he accomplished in safety, by giving the usual signals, which deceived the enemy. He was now its commander, and his boat engaged in transport duty. The march to Live Oak Point was during the heat of a day un usually sultry. Many of the men threw away clothing, blankets, etc., and several were quite overcome by the heat. A man of the 76th P. V. was reported to have fallen dead by the way. Com panies B and C of the 97th were detailed for picket and went on duty at sunset. During the morning of the 3d, before being relieved from picket, Company B, was fired upon several times by rebel cavalry scouting parties. Gen. Wright had sent out some cavalry, the evening before, to reconnoitre, but the rebel scouts kept well out of the way until after the return of the cavalry to camp. The forces not having all crossed the river on the 2d, the march was not resumed on the morning of the 3d, and was still further delayed by heavy rain. While visiting the pickets, on the 3d, Lieut. Col. Duer, get ting rather beyond the line, had a narrow chance of capture by a party of about forty rebel cavalry scouts passing along a road cross ing the one taken by Lieut. Col. Duer, arriving at the junction a few minutes after he passed on his way back to the lines. This cavalry force was constantly engaged in watching the movement, during the march, keeping just beyond rifle range. On the 4th, the troops were arranged in the order in which they were to march in column and every preparation made for the ad vance. But the continued rain prevented marching, and also made it very uncomfortable for the men, who had no other shelter than gum blankets. By daylight on the 5th, the march commenced, though the rain was unabated. It continued through most of the day. The roads were very muddy and cut up by the artillery and cavalry. Marched fourteen miles to Legareeville. on the Stono River, which was reached at 3 P. M., just as the rain ceased. The troops occupied the deserted houses of that place, where the men were soon engaged in preparing coffee, drying their saturated clothing and making themselves comfortable as possible after their tiresome, disagreeable march. At Legareeville, on the evening of June 5, 1862, Capt. Price, of Company C, Lieut. S. Morton, of Company I, and their men, re- 18(52 ] RECONNOISSANCE ON JOHN S ISLAND. 113 joined the Regiment from recruiting service, (.apt. Price resumed the command of his company. Lieut. Evans, temporarily in com mand of Company C, returned to duty in Company A. On June 6, continued rain prevented further movements. On the 7th, the 97th Regiment, with two companies of the 1st Massa chusetts Cavalry, under the command of Col. H. R. Guss, made a reconnoissance toward the main land, on the left of the advance, to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy in that direction. After marching about seven miles, the rebel pickets were encoun tered and, after a brisk skirmish, driven from their position, leaving two prisoners, with their horses, arms, accoutrements, etc., in our pos session. The men had marched rapidly and eagerly, keeping well up with the cavalry. When the enemy was encountered, Com panies A and B were advanced as skirmishers, Company A on the right, under command of Capt. F. M. Guss, and Company B on the left, under command of Capt. W. B. McCoy. These companies made a rapid rout of the enemy s pickets, capturing the two prisoners who failed to evade the line of skirmishers thrown across the road by which they sought to escape. Our loss was as follows : Private Robert L. Black, Company A, wounded through the right arm, and Corp. William Deisem, of Company B, in the left knee. One of the cavalry horses, shot in the foot, had to be killed. The 97th advanced half a mile further, the skirmishers being kept out on the right and left of the road. Upon arriving near to a bridge, over a stream separating from the main land or another island, a masked battery was discovered, on the other side, which commanded the bridge and causeway leading to it. To ascertain the position and availability of this crossing was part of the object of the re connoissance. This was accomplished, as far as possible, without assaulting the position, which, without artillery and direct orders, could not be attempted. As night was at hand, Col. Guss set out to return to Legareeville with his command and prisoners. It soon became very dark. A heavy storm, with violent thunder, lightning and rain, rendered the march both difficult and dangerous. Reached quarters at 9.30 P. M. Col. Guss reported to Gen. Wright the result of his reconnoissance and received the thanks of that officer for the promptness and success of his operations. The gunboats had moved up the Stono River to Wappoo Creek and shelled the enemy from their position on James Island, about May 20, being unsupported by the land force, delayed by lack of 8 114 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, transportation, necessitating the march across John s Island, which was still further delayed by continued heavy rains. The landing of Gen Stevens division, on James Island, on June 8, was fol lowed by Gen. Wright s command, on the 9th; the 6th Connec ticut and 97th P. V. being on the same transport, crossing from Legareeville to the landing. A large balloon had been observed for some hours, in process of being filled, near what was afterwards known as Stevens Landing. It was intended for use in observing the position and movements of the enemy, but it was not made available to any very useful extent in the department. Gen. Wright occupied a position at GrimbalPs Plantation, his head-quarters being in the Grimball mansion, his command en camped in close proximity thereto, the 97th P. V. occupying the river bank on the right of the landing. The tents and baggage of the Regiment, left at Edisto, had been ordered forward, but did not arrive until a few days later. When Gen. Wright s command moved over from John s to James Island, Companies G and H of the 97th, one company of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, under command of the lamented Capt. Manlius Sargent, and one section of Capt. Hamilton s Battery, with two guns, were left at Legareeville, under command of Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, of the 97th P. V. The position was one of considerable importance, it being neces sary to prevent the enemy from gaining access to the river side, in rear of the transports and supplies, the buildings of the town affording opportunity of concealment and shelter to a hostile force. Two gunboats, the Helen, commanded by Lieut. Harris, and the Norwich, commanded by Capt. Jesse Duncan, were assigned to cover the land force at Legareeville. A constant and careful watch was kept, by Lieut. Col. Duer s command, upon the movements of the rebels on John s Island, and several reconnoissances were made to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy, whose cavalry scouts were to be seen con stantly on the alert, watching every movement. Shortly previous to the evacuation of James Island, this command was ordered to join the main force upon that island. A small steam transport was sent to embark the troops. In the evening, the guns and baggage were placed on board, and the force moved to the ex treme point of the peninsula, to be ready for embarkation at the early morning tide, the picket line outside the town remaining in position. The watchfulness of the enemy had detected this OCCUPATION OF JAMES ISLAND. 115 movement, and, about midnight, an attaek was skillfully made by them, silently marching on the Stono River beach, which was deemed impassable, owing to its swampy condition. A charge was made in the rear of the picket line upon the town, and was a per fect surprise to the picket force, which retreated to the cover of the houses. The command lying near the boat was rapidly and quietly roused from their sleep and put under arms in a manner that reflected great credit upon their drill and commanding officers. A portion of the force remained in charge of the boat, which was aground, while the main force made an advance in skirmish parties upon the rebels in the town, from which, after considerable firing, they were driven. Several small arms were captured, but the wounded were removed by the retreating foe under cover of the night. In the morning, the command embarked and joined the main force on James Island. The forces of Maj. Gen. Isaac Ingalls Stevens having landed on James Island, about two miles nearer the mouth of Stono River than Gen. Wright s position, Gen. Stevens had advanced his lines with his right flank resting upon the inlet which separates James from Cole Island, extending his left towards Gen. Wright s position, joining the right of the latter near the edge of a swamp that par tially separated the two positions. Gen. Wright s line extended on the left to a point on the Stono River, about a mile above the landing, a bend in the river affording ample protection to his left flank and rear, the picket line being on an average near one and a half miles from the river. The enemy was found to be strongly intrenched near Secessionville, about two and a half miles in front of our right and centre, and had obstructed, at all advantageous points, the approaches toward the city of Charleston, in front of our left. The enemy s guns, at Tower Bat tery, near Secessionville, covered our entire position, several shot having been thrown over the camp into the river during the landing of the troops, and occasionally over the tents during the occupancy of the island, but the gunboats soon got the range of the battery and kept their guns quiet. A strong line of earthworks was imme diately thrown up just outside the camp lines of each division. Preparations were also made for mounting Parrott guns of sufficient power to reach the enemy s batteries. The fleet, meanwhile, kept the enemy from interfering materially with these operations. The 97th was detailed for picket on the evening of June 9, after 116 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [Juue, landing on James Island, went to the front at sunset and occupied the right of the line adjoining Gen. Stevens left. The line being established considerably in advance of the position held by the force that was being relieved, upon ground where rebel cavalry scouts had been observed, the afternoon previous, watching the landing of the troops from the shelter afforded by woods and the dense growth of hedges skirting the fields. The rebel batteries shelled the lines during the night, but there was no advance made upon the position nor were any of the men wounded by the shell. A casualty, however, occurred in Company A, 1st Sergt. Thomas E. Weber being wounded, in both thighs, by a shot from one of the men of Company D, who had been placed, under a misapprehension of the line, in an unauthorized position, in the rear of Company A. On the morning of June 10, the rebels threw a few shell from Tower Battery into Gen. Stevens lines, and, at about 2 P. M., com menced shelling the line of pickets in front of Gen. Wright, the position occupied by the 97th P. V. The men remained steady at their posts, under a terrific storm of shell from the rebel works, one shell exploding in the camp of the Regiment, but only a few men being in camp no one was injured. Indications of a contemplated attack by the rebels were observed,- by the pickets of the 97th, during the morning. About noon, rebel skirmishers, seen cautiously crawling under cover of the high grass and chaparral toward the lines, were fired upon and driven back. About 4 P. M., the pickets of the 47th New York, posted next on the left of the 97th P. V., were suddenly surprised by the advance of the enemy through the woods. An advanced outpost of fifteen men of that regiment, stationed at the edge of the wood, gave the signal of the approach by firing a volley and continued firing as they fell back upon a portion of the reserve, stationed at another angle of the wood, on a line with the main portion of the picket line. This force consisted of Company D, 47th New York, with portions of Companies I and H, of the 45th P. V. and Companies B and F, of the 97th P. V. The rebels advanced confidently through the woods, evidently with intention of capturing that portion of the line, with its re serve. But the men emptied their cartridge boxes on the ground before them and, lying down, opened a continuous fire upon the ad vancing foe, maintained their position, the rebels coming to within ACTION AT GRIMBALL S PLANTATION, JAMES ISLAND. 117 ten yards of them. This determined resistance caused the enemy to fall back with heavy loss, removing many of their wounded. In the meantime, the main body of the picket reserve force, stationed about two hundred yards in rear of the centre of the line under command of Col. H. R. Guss, who was also in command of the entire picket force, was, by that officer, promptly moved up to the support of the troops already engaged. The left of Company C, on the picket line, occupied a position which, after the 47th New ^ ork had been driven in by the rebels, was exposed to the rebel fire in the rear, and liability to capture, at any moment of advan tage on the part of the enemy. Capt. Price withdrew the portion of his company thus exposed, leaving the remainder to occupy the position not endangered, from which the other portion of the line could be observed and guarded. With the men thus with drawn, Capt. Price joined Col. Guss as he advanced into action. The firing having ceased for about twenty minutes, after the first repulse of the enemy, was suddenly resumed. Two rebel regiments, which proved to be the 47th Georgia and a Louisiana regiment, under command of Col. Williams, of the 47th Georgia, having ad vanced cautiously through the wood, renewed the attack with great vigor. Col. Guss had advanced his reserve during the first attack, under a heavy fire, his left had joined the line of forces already en gaged, then swinging his right around, by a change of front, for ward, the left standing fast, he formed an angle enclosing the corner of the wood in which the enemy was sheltered. He delibe rately arranged his forces for battle, riding up and down the line in front of his men, urging them to observe steadiness and coolness, upon which their success depended. His example was electric in its effect, and when the command to fire was given, the flashing guns seemed like the voice of a torrent irresistible in force, for the men were rendered cool and brave by the coolness arid bravery of their commander himself, in the thickest of the danger. The fire being inward from two lines of an angle, made a raking cross fire upon the position of the enemy, rendering the trees no protection. The engagement occupied nearly two hours, hotly con tested on both sides. Xo battle field during the war has been the scene of more tenacious, determined and gallant fighting than en sued on the part of our men. From the peculiarity of the country, abounding in thick underbrush, the enemy were enabled to keep well under cover, while our men were obliged to hunt them from 118 HISTORT OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, their hiding places or wait for uncertain glimpses through the dense undergrowth in the wood, themselves exposed to an almost unobstructed fire. Notwithstanding these disadvantages, the men fought like veterans, standing up before the enemy s galling musketry without wavering. A portion of Company E, 3d U. S. Artillery, commanded by Capt. Hamilton, of that company, with a section of artillery, had, at the commencement of the attack, taken position at an elevated point, where it made some splendid shots, rendering effective service. The gunboats also sent some heavy shot and shell crashing through the wood, cutting off trees and limbs, which served to render the position of the rebels still more precarious. After un successfully charging upon several points of the line, the enemy gave up the attempt to drive us from our position. The rebel commander withdrew his forces with precipitation, leaving seventeen dead upon the field. Eight wounded were also brought off the field and tenderly cared for by the surgeons and their attendants. The wounded prisoners reported that many of their killed and wounded had been carried off the field during the action. Two of their number afterward died. One was a captain of the 47th Georgia regiment, a brother of the colonel commanding. He was struck by seven shot, and died the day after the action. The rebel dead were buried where they fell by the men. Our loss, in killed and wounded, during the action, was as follows: killed, Private Henry Dunn, Company B, shot in left breast; Corp. Edward Corcoran, Company E, shot in forehead; Private George E. Wright, Company F, shot in neck; wounded: Corp. David H. Birney, Company B, in both legs; Privates George W. Wonderly, Company B, right breast and left arm amputated ; Samuel J. Day, Company B, forehead and left wrist; Benjamin English, Company B, right hip; Henry W. Martin, Company B, forehead; George McNelley, Company B, left side; Daniel Sullivan, Company E, head; Hugh Hale, Company F, dislo cated ankle; Lewis Miller, Company K, left knee; Henry B. Thomas, Company K, left arm and left side; Isaac Harper, Com pany K, left thigh ; William C. Lewis, Company K, right foot. The 47th Georgia was the same that met the 8th Michigan at Wilmington Island, on April 19, 1862, and which proved itself at that time to be an organization equal to any in the rebel service. During the action, Gen. Wright s entire force was drawn up, in line of battle, a quarter of a mile in rear of the position occupied ACTION AT GRIMBALL S PLANTATION, JAMES ISLAND. 119 by the artillery, a commanding point for a general engagement, it being supposed that the foree engaged would be compelled to fall back to a more secure position. After the action, the line of pickets was re-established. It being nearly dark when the enemy retired, it was not deemed advisable to follow their retreat into forests and swamps that furnished such ample opportunities for ambuscade. The follow ing extracts from the published accounts, furnished by the Chester County Times, may be of interest to preserve as part of the record: "The Ninety-seventh heard from! Gallant repulse of the enemy! Charleston. S. C., is the cradle of the rebellion, and as such the sol dier who has taken part in its approach, siege, capture or reduction is entitled to our highest gratitude and praise. Within a few miles of that city, having marched overland from Edisto, through an un known hostile country, constructing bridges, removing obstructions and fording creeks, is Gen. Wright s brigade, of which Col. Guss Regiment constitutes a part. Scarcely a letter did we receive from our Chester County boys in which they did not express a hope of distinguishing themselves for true valor and grit. The chance has been vouchsafed them, attended by an overwhelming victory. We are at this writing enabled to produce the following extracts from newspaper correspondence : "After describing the action, as already detailed, the New York Herald correspondent says: * * * I think no battle field of this war has been the scene of more tenacious, determined and gal lant fighting than ensued on the part of our men. From the pecu liarity of the country, which abounds in all portions with thick underbrush, the enemy were enabled to keep themselves under cover, while our men were obliged either to hunt them from their hiding places or wait for uncertain glimpses through the dense shrub bery. Notwithstanding these disadvantages our men behaved like veterans, standing up before the enemy s galling fire of musketry without wavering or wincing. * * * The fire of our troops was most effective. After charging wildly at all points of the line, the rebel commander gave up the attempt and his forces fell back in hotter haste than they came up. * * * Col. Guss, or the 97th Pennsylvania, who had command of our forces during the fight, rode gallantly up and down the line encouraging his men, and though prominently exposed, in the thickest of the fight, escaped 120 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, without harm. There were numerous other hair-breadth escapes, to be accounted for only by the fact that the fire was so rapid and the smoke, in consequence, so dense as to partially keep the men from view. * * * "From the New York Times: Our latest information from the division advancing toward Charleston is to the following effect: On Tuesday afternoon, the 10th inst., the 97th Pennsylvania, part of the 47th New York and two companies of the 6th Connecticut were attacked, at a point distant three miles from Gen. Stevens position, by a large force of rebels. The fight was warmly contested for over two hours and ended with the rout of the rebels, with loss as fol lows: seventeen killed, six prisoners and about thirty wounded. The killed were buried by our troops. Our losses were three killed and thirteen wounded of the 97th Pennsylvania. The action is represented as having been close, but our boys fought like heroes. "From the New York Tribune: On the 10th, there was another skirmish (the italics will be pardoned by the correspondent, we thought it a fight) with the enemy in front, in which the enemy, the attacking party, were repulsed, with slight loss on our side, say three or four killed, and a much greater loss on theirs. Our forces were composed of the 47th New York [two companies only] and the 97th Pennsylvania. Both regiments did well and each secured the congratulations of their friends." "It is interesting to notice the friendly and not unwholesome rivalry that exists between the corps of the different States. Take, as an illustration, a colloquy that took place, yesterday, between a New York and Pennsylvania colonel, on the subject of the battle : Well, colonel, that was quite a brilliant affair. Yes, the 97th did well. The 47th, you mean. No, I mean the 97th. No, sir, you are quite mistaken; the brunt of that action fell upon the 47th. How comes it, then, that the only men killed were those of the 97th Pennsylvania Regiment V Yes, that is a fact; they were in the reserve. Odd that they should have began by attacking our reserves; but, continued Pennsylvania, who was in command of our forces ? was it not Col. Guss of the 97th"? Bully for you, colonel, you have got me there; but the 47th did nobly. So they did, and all honor to them; and the friendly dispute ended in a laugh all around." The 97th was relieved from picket, by the 76th P. V., on the evening after the action. The rebels continued to shell the lines of 1862. ] OPERATIONS OX JAMES ISLAND. PICKETS ON DUTY. picket at intervals, both day and night, and frequently fired upon them stealthily, under cover of the darkness, and made many desperate at tempts to drive them from their position, but without success, for the picket main tained careful watch fulness, often ad vancing through the woods to observe the movements of the enemy, whose pickets were equally on the alert. The 1st New York Engineers were engaged in erecting works on which to mount two thirty-pound Parrott guns and one large James gun that had been effectively used in breaching Fort Pulaski. Details for this work were furnished by the 97th and other regi ments. On the evening of June 12, Companies E, F and K of the 97th were detailed for outpost duty, and advanced upon a road leading to Charleston, reaching the junction of a road toward Wappoo Cut and the Stono River, about three-quarters of a mile from the estab lished picket line, an outpost only having been kept up on this road. Capt. Lewis, of Company F, was in command of the detachment, with Capt, Wayne, of Company K, and Lieut. McGrath, of Com pany E. The orders were to keep a sharp lookout for the enemy, who was directly in front of the position, their skirmish and picket lines being within short musket range. Col. Spidel, of the 6th Connecticut Volunteers, officer of the day, in giving his instruc tions, said, " the detachment has been assigned to this post of trust and danger because the 97th, on the 10th inst,, proved them selves worthy to be placed in positions upon which depended the safety of the army of the South." His commands were, if the enemy should attack in force, to hold the position and keep him in check until the whole force could be aroused and prepared for their reception, then to retire by the left close to the Stono, under cover of the gunboats, so as to leave an 122 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, open field for the forces in the rear to meet the enemy s advance. Videttes were also to be placed on the right, to guard against sur prise. At dark, a lieutenant and four men were to be sent forward about one hundred and fifty yards to an angle of the Charleston road, and to advance a picket force across toward the Stono River on the other road. The wood on the right was a dense growth of palmetto, pine and live oak in front, while to the left it was more open. The enemy began to shell the position soon after it had been reached, at 4 P. M., but without serious effect. At dusk, Lieut. Wainwright, with four men, was sent to the angle of the road, but, before he could get his men posted, they were fired upon and forced to retire, Lieut. Wainwright being wounded in the thigh. By the enemy s firing, it was discovered they had pickets posted in a position to command the rear of Capt. Lewis command. He then posted men in a line extending back to the main picket force, with orders to watch the flashing of the enemy s guns to ascertain the locality of their posts, and to return their fire as effectually as possible. The main body of the command was then ordered to lie down upon their arms in line across the road. The artillery and musketry firing of the enemy continued until near 10 P. M., when it suddenly ceased. The quiet became omi nous of an attack and preparations were immediately made to re ceive it. Lieut. McGrath was sent to the right, and Capt. Wayne to the left, to make observation of the situation. Capt. Lewis re mained to hold his command in readiness to meet the enemy. While these arrangements were being completed, firing commenced in front of Company E. Some men of that company came in wounded, accompanied by Lieut. McGrath, who reported the enemy in force advancing through the palmettoes at the northwest angle of the road. While making his report, the enemy was upon them with a yell. The boys stood up to their work nobly and well, delivering a steady and incessant fire upon the advancing foe. The contest lasted about eighteen minutes, when the enemy, finding their pro gress so stubbornly resisted, retired, but continued to shell the position, making it inadvisable to remain upon the road. The force was then moved back a few yards out of range and stood at arms until morning. Upon examining the ground over which the enemy had advanced, there was found every appearance of their having suffered severely, from the number of blood traces upon the ground 1862 -1 OPERATIONS ON JAMES ISLAND. 123 and palmetto leaves. It had evidently been their purpose to sur prise and capture the entire force, but in which they were most signally disappointed. The wounded, beside Lieut. Wainwright, were Sergt. II. Powell Fithian, Company K, left hand; Privates Charles Haslem, Com pany E, in right leg, (since dead); Joseph Little, Company E, right arm, and John C. Nicholson, Company E, left side. The detach ment was relieved, on the 13th, by Companies A, C, D and I of the 97th P. V. For many nights, the men in camp were required to lie upon their arms, in line of battle, at the edge of the camp, to be ready for instant service. The rebel batteries continued to shell the lines, day and night, The picket lines, being about six hundred yards apart, also kept up a constant firing at the front. On June 14, the enemy opened their batteries quite vigorously upon Gen. Stevens position. His batteries returned the fire and, being joined by the gunboats, the rebel guns were soon silenced. On June 15, Gen. Stevens batteries shelled the rebels at Seces sion ville all day. After effecting the occupation of James Island, Gen. Hunter, realizing that an immediate advance upon Charleston was now im practicable, had returned to Hilton Head, leaving Brig. Gen. Henry W. Benham in command, with orders to strengthen and maintain the position and await further orders before advancing. The enemy at Secession ville, under command of Col. J. G. Lamar, brought the guns of their batteries to bear effectually upon the Union camps, threatening the security of the position. Gen. Benham resolved to attempt an assault upon the enemy s works at that place. Accord ingly, on the morning of June 16, Gen. Stevens, with the brigades of Cols. W. M. Fen ton and U. Leasure, moved just before dawn to make the assault. It had been intended to surprise the garrison, but it became fully daylight before the works were reached. Gen. Wright s force was ordered to support Gen. Stevens attack. He had inarched his command from camp at 2 A. M. and was in the position to which he was ordered, at daylight, ready to co-operate. The 8th Michigan and the 79th New York Highlanders, leading Gen. Stevens attack, captured the enemy s pickets. They then ad vanced along the narrow strip of land, the only approach to the works, being met by a heavy fire of musketry, grape and cannister. A most desperate attempt was now made by Gen. Stevens force to 124 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, press forward and scale the earthworks. The leading regiments succeeded in gaining a position beyond the causeway, at the ex treme right of the works, but encountering a wide ditch seven feet deep and parapet seven feet high, protected by abattis and with an impassable swamp in front and upon the left of the fort, it was found that the works, defended by a full garrison, whose fire was most effective, could not be carried by assault. Gen. Stevens force finally fell back, having lost in a short time about six hundred men. When Gen. Stevens attack commenced, Gen. Wright directed Col. Robert Williams, of the* 6th Massachusetts Cavalry, commanding his leading brigade, to advance two of his regiments, the 3d New Hampshire and the 97th Pennsylvania, to support the assault. They dashed forward through a swamp and across the open fields in front of the enemy s works to a deep ditch within two hundred yards of the batteries. The position was gained, without casualty, under a heavy fire. The men at work upon the guns could be seen and by a well-directed fire were materially interrupted. The 97th was soon ordered to a point on the left, close under the guns of the fort, having to cross another deep swamp. The sharp-shooters kept the enemy s guns from doing much harm. In crossing the swamp, Col. Guss horse getting fast he dismounted, and in the effort to get his horse through came near being thrown under him in his struggles, but succeeded in getting safely over. The Regiment reached a position a little sheltered by the inequality of the ground, where it remained, to cover Capt. Hamilton s Battery, Company E, 3d U. S. Art., which had opened fire upon a rebel battery just in advance of our position. The men were ordered to lie down to avoid the shell from both sides. The gunboats on Stono River also opened fire upon the enemy, but their shell falling short dropped close to our left, exploding in the ground and covering the men with mud and dirt, but failed to cause any wavering. After three or four shell had thus threatened destruction to the men, the gunboats were signalled to stop firing. The artillery duel overhead was kept up briskly for over half an hour, when the enemy s guns ceased. Col. Guss then sent Capt. Price, with a few men, forward to examine the situation. They pro ceeded cautiously into a timber slashing, on the left, a sufficient dis tance to ascertain that there could be no advance of the enemy through it, returned and reported to Col. Guss. The Regiment was advanced to a point nearer the rebel position and the men again ACTION AT SECESSION VILLE. 125 ordered to lie down to avoid unnecessary exposure. Many of the men were so overcome by weariness from the arduous night ma roll, as to fall into sound sleep amid the crash of shot and shell, while lying upon the ground awaiting orders to move. At this time, it was evident that Gen. Stevens forces were un able to obtain access to the works, and had suffered severe loss with out advantage, although the men engaged had displayed a courage and determination which, under better auspices, would have secured success. Orders were given to withdraw the forces, measures being taken to bring off the killed and wounded. The position held by the 97th, in addition to serving as cover to the other forces engaged, by preventing a flank movement by the enemy, enabled the men to bring off all the wounded and most of the killed within reach. When the order was given to retire, the 97th P. V. remained in position to cover the movement, being the last regiment to leave the front. Col. Guss, with his usual cool deliberation, marched his Regiment off the field by division front, moving en echelon, in perfect order and precision, as upon battalion drill, eliciting the admiration of the entire command, which, having halted in rear of a sheltered position, had opportunity of observing the movement. Even the enemy must have respected the cool com mander who thus led his men in order from the hotly-contested field, as not a gun was fired upon the Regiment after the movement com menced. On passing to the rear of the assembled troops, Col. Guss received the thanks of Gen. Benham for his brilliant movements upon the field, and the Regiment and its officers were heartily cheered by the entire force as it passed to the right of the column. The morning after the action, Col. Robert Williams, who com manded the brigade, addressed the following letter to Gov. Curtin, commendatory of Col. Guss and his Regiment for their part in that action: HEAD-QUARTERS, IST BRIGADE, IST DIVISION, K)TH A. C. GRIMBALL S PLANTATION, JAMES ISLAND, June 17, 186 2. To His EXCELLENCY Gov. CURTIN, Harrisburg, Pa. GOVERNOR : I take the liberty of addressing this letter to your ex cellency for the purpose of expressing to you my admiration of the bravery and soldierly conduct of the officers and men of the 97th Pennsylvania Regiment, in the battle of Secessionville, on James 126 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, Island, S. C., June 16, 1862. The whole Regiment, although ex posed to heavy fire, behaved as well as any regiment could have done. To Col. Guss my thanks are particularly due, not only for the excellent manner in which he carried out my orders, but for the example he set to the Regiment of the greatest courage and cool ness. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT WILLIAMS, Colonel 1st Mass. Cav., Commanding Brigade. On June 24, 1862, Col. Williams also issued the following order of admiration and thanks to the troops of his brigade: HEAD-QUARTERS, JAMES ISLAND, S. C., GRIMBALL S PLANTATION, June 24, 1862. Special Order No. 5. I. The colonel commanding desires to express to the 3d New Hampshire, the 3d Rhode Island and the 97th Pennsylvania Vo lunteers his sincere thanks for, as well as his greatest admiration of, their bravery and good order during the battle of the 16th inst. He feels assured that no troops could have behaved better, and that when they again meet the enemy their brave comrades, who have fallen in the glorious performance of their duties, will be duly avenged. II. The names of those officers and soldiers who have been spe cially mentioned for gallantry and good conduct, during the action, shall be forwarded not only to the commanding general but to the governor of the State to which they respectively belong. * * * By order of ROBERT WILLIAMS, Act. Brig. Gen. [Signed] CHANNING CLAPP, A. A. A. G. To COL. Guss, Commanding 97th Penna. Vols. Col. Williams was subsequently promoted to brigadier general of the United States Army, and after the war was, for several years, assistant adjutant general, on duty at the War Department, Wash ington. This movement upon the enemy s works, although failing of suc cess, was, in its development of the valor, discipline and courageous determination of the troops and officers, under a heavy and disas trous fire, a most signal achievement. 1862.1 OPERATIONS ON JAMES ISLAND. 127 The 97th P. V. had only one man wounded, Private Thomas Mc- Intosh, Company I, in knee, and lost one man, Gabriel Spence, a member of the band, captured by rebel scouts, two of whom were taken by the Regiment during the action. The troops reached camp at 2 P. M., just twelve hours after leaving it. A commission was received, June 19, 1862, for Qr. Mr. Sergt. James T. Skiles as 2d lieutenant of Company B, and on the 22d one for Sergt. Maj. George A. Lemaistre, as 2d lieutenant of Com pany H, to date from April 30, 1862. The officers named were duly mustered in that rank. Lieut. Lemaistre rejoined his company and was detailed as adjutant for detachment, by order of Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, commanding at Legarecville. Corp. Samuel W. Haw. ley, of Company C, was promoted to sergeant major, to date from June 6, and, on July 1, Private George L. Taggart, of Company A, was promoted to quarter-master sergeant. During the occupancy of James Island, the 97th Regiment per formed picket duty on* June 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 27, 29, 30 and July 1 ; also engaged in the actions of June 10 and 16, and furnished fatigue details of the whole or larger part of the Regi ment on June 12, 19, 22 and 25. During most of the nights, when not at the front, the men were required to sleep upon their arms in the intrenchments near the camp, to be ready for instant service. Mosquitoes were a terrible annoyance, night and day, to the men on picket, the air being filled with them ; the bite, from which there seemed no escape, was poisonous and irritating. But, throughout all these privations and most arduous duties, there was no murmuring or shrinking from service by the men, who seemed to vie with each other in faithfulness and endurance. During these land operations, the naval force, before Charleston, had entered upon the bombardment of Fort Sumter and the land batteries on Morris and Sullivan Islands, but owing to the nature of the obstructions in the channels of the harbor the fleet was unable to come into close range, so as to concentrate a sufficient fire to prove effective in reducing those strongholds. After exhausting every available means to remove these difficulties, and to get the fleet into effective range, it was determined to withdraw the forces and await the preparation of a larger fleet, with more iron clads and monitors, strong enough to run in close under the guns of the enemy s works. This determination now suspended the active land operations. 128 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [ Jul y It, therefore, became necessary to evacuate James Island, on ac count of the exposure of the land force to attack by a greatly su perior force of the enemy, sheltered by natural defences and in com mand of approaches by which they could throw their entire force upon any available position, requiring of the force occupying the island constant vigilance and most arduous effort to avoid surprise and capture. Most of the stores having been reshipped, on June 29 and 30, Gen. Wright received orders, on July 1, to embark his division on the transports during the ensuing night, leaving the 97th P. V. to cover the movement and support the pickets, which were to be withdrawn early on the morning of July 2. Companies C and E of the 97th, being a part of the picket force detailed on the evening of the 1st, were on duty when the line was relieved by a small force of cavalry at such points as afforded the enemy op portunity to follow the retiring force. At sunrise, the cavalry was also withdrawn. When the pickets reached camp, the 97th was in line for the march to Gen. Stevens position. The Regiment pitched tents near the camp of Gen. Stevens troops, the division having to await transportation until the return of the vessels which had taken Gen. Wright s division to North Edisto. When the Regiment left its camp, in the morning, the sick were sent in ambulances to the wharf, at Gen. Stevens landing, to be sent on board transports. Private Lewis C. Peirce, of Company C, having been quite ill and very weak, fell dead, of heart disease, just as he was arising to go upon the steamer. He was a most faithful and deserving young man, amiable and beloved by all. He persisted in remaining upon duty while he could shoulder his musket, though often urged to remain in his quarters by his commanding officer. Corp. B. L. Kent and Private Anthony Grimes, of Company C, were detailed to take his body to Hilton Head, and, if possible, send .it north; but, being delayed on the way, it was found impossible. Only by the greatest effort did they succeed in having it landed and interred in the cemetery at Hilton Head. July 4, 1862, was celebrated at James Island by a national salute from the guns of the steamer Pawnee and the land batteries. De tails were set to work to level the earthworks erected by the enemy on Stono River, in which the 97th P. V. participated; also fur nished portions of the picket while it remained with Gen. Stevens division. By July 7, the transports had returned and his entire orce had embarked, the 97th Regiment again forming the rear EVACUATION OF JAMES AND EDISTO ISLANDS. 129 guard. Companies 13 and E, having been detailed upon picket, remained at the front until after the other companies of the Regi ment had also embarked on the steamer Delaware, after which those companies were withdrawn from picket and taken on board the steamer Ben Deford, with the 6th Connecticut. These vessels then proceeded to North Edisto Island to land the troops. Thus ter minated the advance against Charleston, of 1862. The Regiment occupied its former camp ground. After making the necessary shelter for the tents, to guard against the intense heat, and putting the camp in order, the regular routine of com pany and battalion drill was resumed and continued with the usual camp and picket duty. Within a very short time, however, it became evident that Edisto was to be evacuated as soon as the necessary transportation could be had to transfer the troops to points of more importance. In the meantime, Edisto became the scene of interesting camp experiences, interspersed with the adventurous advance of foraging parties beyond the lines, to procure substantial and the delicacies of the season, which the luxurious climate and soil produced in abundance. Berries, tomatoes, okra, and indeed almost every variety of vege tables, afforded many a delicious meal to the hungry soldiers after their toilsome campaign on James Island, with nothing but salt junk, hard tack and coffee. 130 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [July, CHAPTER V. HILTON HEAD; PICKET DUTY ON BROAD RIVER; YELLOW FEVER; GENERAL MITCHEL IN COMMAND OF DEPARTMENT; POCOTALIGO: DEATH OF GENERAL MITCHEL ; MORTALITY AMONG THE TROOPS : ST. HELENA AND BRADDOCK S POINT; JULY, 1862, TO APRIL, 1863. N July 16, Gen. Wright s force was ordered to Hil ton Head. The 97th struck tents on the morning of that day. No teams having been landed since the return, the tents had now to be carried to the wharf, as they had previously been carried to the camp, by the men. The expected transports not arriving the night was passed by the troops under their blankets. The transports not making their ap pearance on the 17th, the waiting became most tedious and exposing. The weather remaining fine, but little com plaint was heard. At 2.30 A. M., on the 18th, the Regiment was called up to em bark on the steamer Delaware. Started at 4.30 A. M. for Port Royal Harbor, arrived at 9.30 A. M., landed on Hilton Head and marched to a point just outside the stockade porte on the right of the road leading toward Drayton s Plantation, where the Regiment stacked arms and the men were set to work preparing the ground for camp it being an old cotton field, with ridges across and the dead cotton stocks still standing. The tents not arriving, the men had to make them selves content with their blankets another night. Some of the officers and men obtained a pass to visit the interior picket line, near a contraband settlement, afterward named Mitchelville, the houses being built, by the negroes, of rough boards and slabs, obtained at a sawmill which was worked by men detailed to provide lumber for general HOUSE AT M1TCHELVILLK. 1802.] OFFICERS ON POST DUTY AT HILTON HEAD. 131 purposes, the slabs being given to the negroes who stood waiting for them as they fell from the saw. The tents arrived on the 19th, when the camp was arranged in order. The Regiment was occupied in company and battalion drill, fur nishing the usual detail for picket and work upon the intrenchments, during the remainder of the month. Many of the men were af fected with chills and chronic diarrhoea, and some cases of dysentery occurred, keeping the hospital attendants busy in giving the requi site attention to the sick. The weather was extremely hot, the mercury ranging from one hundred to one hundred and five degrees in the shade. During July, eight men were discharged and four died, one of them, Charles llaslem, Company E, of wounds received June 12. Soon after the return of Gen. Wright s division to Hilton Head, that officer was ordered to a new military department in the west. Gen. Stevens, with his division, also went north to Virginia. He was subsequently killed, at the head of his division, in action, at Chantilly, Va., on September 1, 1862. The command of the post, at Hilton Head, August 1, 1862, de volved upon Col. Robert Williams, of the 1st Mass. Cav., who went north soon after, leaving the command of the post, to Col. H. R. Guss, of the 97th P. V., he being the senior officer present. This position he held until September 22, when he was relieved by the return of Col. Nathaniel W. Brown, of the 3d Rhode Island Artil lery, who had been absent north on leave. Col. Guss having ap pointed Adj. II. W. Carruthers, 97th P. V., post adjutant, 1st Lieut. J. J. Barber, of Company K, was detailed as acting adjutant for the Regiment, of which Lieut. Col. A. P. Uuer was then in command. About August 13, a general court-martial was convened, at Hilton Head, of which Col. Guss was president and Capt. F. M. Guss, of the 97th, a member. It remained in session for a short time. The 16th of August was observed as a day of rest at the post, in observance of the order of President Lincoln. On August 17, Lieut. David Jones, quarter-master 97th P. V., was detailed as post quarter-master, at Hilton Head, which position he held until October 1, 1863. At the same time, 1st Lieut. J. M. C. Savage, Company B, was 132 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, appointed acting quarter-master 97th P. V. and performed the duties until September 16, 1862, when he returned to the command of his company, Capt. McCoy having been appointed post inspector. 1st Lieut. John McGrath, of Company E, was then detailed as acting quarter-master of the Regiment. Ass t Surgeon Miller, of the 97th P. V., was at this time assigned to the care of a ward, in the general hospital, at Hilton Head, which he retained for about a year. The charge of the sick of * o the Regiment was faithfully attended to by Surgeon Everhart, with out other assistance than his usual corps of attendants. He was at all times most assiduous in the discharge of his arduous and respon sible duties, proving himself a most valuable and successful surgeon. Private John P. Winterbottom, of Company F, was discharged, for disability, on the 18th. On August 20, Chaplain William Whitehead resigned, on ac count of ill health from climatic causes. He had been a faithful and worthy officer, attentive to the duties of his calling and earnest in his efforts to promote the spiritual welfare of his charge. He re turned to his home, September 2, 1862. The Regiment remained without a chaplain until the summer of 1864. On August 29, Gen. Hunter reviewed the entire force, upon Hil ton Head, commanded by Col. H. R. Guss, the 97th P. V. being- oil the right of the line, commanded by Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer. On August 30, the 97th P. V. was ordered to relieve the 7th Conn., on outpost picket, along Broad River, from Sea- brook Point to the mouth of Back Creek, about eight miles of line. The Regiment marched early in the morning to Dray- DRAYTON S MANSION. ton s Plantation. From this point, the companies were distributed as follows : Com panies A, F and I stationed at Seabrook Point, under command of Maj. G. Pennypacker ; Companies B, G and K at Stoney s Plan tation, where Lieut. Col. Duer established his head-quarters ; Com panies H and E remained at Drayton s Plantation, under command of Capt. McConnell, and Companies C and D at Spanish Wells, 1802 ] OUTPOST DUTY ON BROAD RIVER 133 near the signal station, under command of Capt. Price, of Company 0, whose line extended to the extreme left, at the mouth of Back Creek. The picket duty of this line, designed to prevent the enemy crossing or passing along Broad River, was performed by sentinels, at points in sight of each other, each having its relief in charge of a non-commissioned officer, with a commissioned officer in charge of each section. The principal and important watch was at night, when intermediate sentinels were posted. On August 31, in conformity witli an act of Congress, the band of the 97th P. V. was mustered out of service, by Capt, Jackson, inspector general and mustering officer U. S. A. The men left for their homes, on September 9, having tendered to Col. Guss a part ing serenade. Willie St. John, a member of the band, enlisted as musician, in Company A, and remained with the Regiment. During the month of August, 1862, at Hilton Head, the fol lowing deaths occurred in the Regiment: Corp. Israel Oat, Com pany G, August 10, of congestion of the brain; Privates Peter Davis, Company E, on the 12th, of typhoid fever; Charles Ililey, Company E, on the 13th, of acute diarrhoea; Ezekiel Walker, Company C, on the 21st, of typhoid dysentery. These men were buried in the cemetery outside the intrenchments. The Regiment remained on duty, on Broad River, until Septem ber 6, at 11 A. M., when it was relieved by the 7Gth P. V. The de tachments returned separately to camp, which was reached at 3 P. M. The usual routine of camp and garrison duties was resumed, details regularly furnished for the work upon the intrenchments, etc., and dress parade every day. Dr. William C. Morrison, of Cochranville, Chester Co., having been assigned to the 97th P. V., in accordance with an act of Con gress authorizing an additional assistant surgeon, joined the Regi ment, September 6, and immediately entered upon the discharge of his duties, greatly to the relief of Dr. Everhart, who had been over taxed with the sole charge of the sick during the previous month. On the evening of September 6, at dress parade, a splendid sword and sash were presented to Col. H. R. Guss by the line officers of the Regiment. Capt. G. W. Hawkins, of Company I, on behalf of the officers, tendered the sword, in a very neat and appropriate speech, to which Col. Guss replied, thanking the officers for this kind and unexpected manifestation of appreciation of his efforts to discharge his duties faithfully. 134 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, On September 9, Brig. Gen. John M. Brannan, U. S. V. (now major 1st Art., U. S. A.), arrived at Hilton Head. He was received by the usual salute from the guns on the forts. Maj. Gen. Hunter having been relieved of the command of the Department of the South, Gen. Brannan entered temporarily upon the duties of depart ment commander. This change of department commanders was regarded to be in consequence of the emancipation proclamation of Gen. Hunter, and his measures taken to enlist the negroes into the service of the United States, in advance of authorized orders, a measure that ulti mately received the sanction of the government and secured his own restoration to the command of the department. 2d Lieut. James Williams, of Company I, having resigned, on September 8, returned home on the 10th. On September 10, 1862, Capts. F. M. Guss, of Company A, and William Wayne, of Company K, with one man from each company, were detailed upon recruiting service. They sailed for New York, on the steamer Ericsson, on the same day. On September 11, Lieut. Col. Duer was detailed upon a general court-martial, convened at Beaufort, S. C. The Regiment was com manded by Maj. Pennypacker until September 22. Company and battalion drill were continued with regularity, but the heat be coming oppressive, some of the men fainted in the ranks. Mid day drill was now omitted. In the camp, arbors of green boughs were built over the rows of tents to shelter the men from the sun. On the 18th of Sep tember, Maj. Gen. O. M. Mitchel arrived, at Port Royal, on board the steamer Arago. He was received with the usual salute. Having been assigned to the command of the De partment of the South, HEAD-QUARTERS OF HUNTER AND MITCHEL* ng relieved \3GJL. J. M. Brannan and established his head-quarters in the building on the wharf lately occupied by Gen. Hunter. On the day afW his arrival, Gen. Mitchel visited the camps of 1862.] MITCHEL S PREPARATIONS FOR AN ADVANCE. 135 the regiments under his command and personally inspected the condition of all, having the men in line for the purpose. At noon, on the 19th, he visited the 97th P. V. The Regiment was ordered in line to receive him. Col. Guss then gave the com mand "Close column, by division, on the centre division, right in front." The movement being executed, Gen. Mitchel rode up close in front of the men, accompanied by the members of his staff and Col. Guss. He then addressed the officers and men in a few very eloquent and stirring remarks, indicating his interest in the great cause in which they were engaged, and expressed the faith he had in the men before him, into whose eyes he seemed to look, saying he could recognize in their faces the determination to have that came triumph. He was enthusiastically cheered by the men, who were fully impressed that he would prove an efficient leader, but, alas! his death occurring, within a very short time after, left those hopes unfulfilled. On September 20, the Regiment was again detailed for outpost picket, on Broad River, relieving the 76th P. V., the companies being stationed as previously, except that Company H was added to the command of Capt. Price, at Spanish Wells. The camp of the detachment, at this place, was situated in a beautiful pine grove, a quarter of a mile in rear of the signal station on Broad River. The trees were apparently of many years growth, yet the ridges of former cultivation were plainly perceptible. An old negro, who had been a slave upon the plantation from childhood, said he could remember when the grove was one of the finest cotton fields he had ever known; it had never failed to produce a heavy crop; and, the last time it had been planted, there was every prospect of a larger yield than ever before, until, just as the bolls were about to burst, an unusual rain and heavy flood occurred, which for several days in undated the field, causing the bolls to rot and thus ruined the en tire crop. The master, in ci great rage, then swore the field should never be planted with cotton again. Being left uncultivated, it had quickly grown up with pine trees, now over forty years old. The cotton ridges, however, remained as evidences of its former cultiva tion. The ground was well adapted for a camp and the shade made it a most pleasant spot. The tents were mostly constructed of a frame work of poles, the sides interlined with pine boughs and a canvas tent-fly covering, the company streets and unoccupied ground being 136 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, kept cleanly swept by the men. The camp presented a most pic turesque appearance, especially by moonlight. It was one of the most attractive spots in all the experiences of camp life in the South. The adjacent creeks, leading into Broad River, afforded most ex cellent fishing ground, in which the men were allowed to indulge, when off duty, obtaining an ample supply of trout, bass, sheeps- head, drum and other delicious fish. Another feature of interest was found in a beautiful little visitant of the feathered tribe, quite small in size, of yellowish drab, slightly varied with brown upon the wings and head, very tame and fearless. These birds \vould come in the tents and perch about, quite at home, sometimes taking a fancy to the toes and knees of the men as they reclined upon the beds ; they would watch for the flies and dart off, catch their prey with an audible snap and then return to their perch to watch for another. There seemed to be a perfect understanding, on all sides, that these little comrades were not to be frightened or molested, nor was there a single instance of injury to one of them known. It would have been resented upon the offender most summarily by universal championship of "our pets" at Spanish Wells. There were also many beautiful groves of live oak, majestic in appearance, under whose branches it was pleasant to repose, shel tered from the intense heat. The most grand of these were found about Beaufort and Port Royal, S. C. On September 25, three recruits arrived for Company A, one for Company C and one for Company H. One of them, Jonathan Philips, had been discharged from Company A, for disability, the preceding May. Having recovered, he now returned to his old com pany. During September, many of the men were taken ill with an inter mittent fever. Dr. Everhart frequently reported having prescribed for over one hundred and twenty cases in one day. The fever as suming a malignant type, toward the end of the month, all drill and unnecessary labor was discontinued. Ten enlisted men of the Regiment were discharged, on surgeon s certificate of disability, during the month of September, one of whom was Hospital Steward Harmon Heed. Two of them, Lewis Miller and William C. Lewis, Company K, were wounded on James Island. Miller died at home, soon after, of chronic diarrhoea. On the l()th, Private Benjamin Davis, of Company D, died, of typhoid 1862 J THE CAMP AT SPANISH WELLS. 137 lever, and Private George Green, of Company G, died, on the 20th, of chronic diarrlura. Dr. Reuben II. Smith, 1st sergeant of Com pany G, was now promoted to be hospital steward. About this time, Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry, late colonel of the 7th Conn., was assigned to the command of a brigade, consisting of the 7th Conn., 76th and 97th P. V., and the 3d N. II. Gen. Terry visited the line of outposts held by the 97th P. V., on Broad River, and expressed his great satisfaction at finding every portion of the line in order, notwithstanding its remoteness and the monotony of duty presented a temptation to neglect some of the prescribed LIVK OAK GHOVK AT POUT KOYAL. observances, not one of which he, coming upon them unannounced, could notice. Cavalry pickets of the enemy were frequently seen, at Chimney Point, on the opposite side of the river. The Regiment remained on duty, on Broad River, without any unusual incident, until October 10, when nine companies were relieved by mounted pickets, a de tail from the 1st Mass. Cav.; Company I, of the 97th, being left stationed at Seabrook Point. On October 13, three more recruits arrived for Company A, making it the largest in the Regiment, numbering, at that time, ninety-five effective men. 138 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, On October 15, the Regiment was paid by Maj. Julian O. Mason, paymaster U. S. V., to include August 31, 1862. About October 20, 1862, two cases of yellow fever occurred among the laborers employed in the quarter-master s department, supposed to have been contracted in unloading a vessel from an infected port. On October 21, Privates Thomas P. McHale, of Company E, and John Dixon, of Company G, died in camp, of yellow fever, after an illness of only a few hours. Several others were found to have contracted that disease, and many were ill with intermittent fever, five hundred being on the sick list at that time. The men seemed to manifest no alarm at the presence of yellow fever in the Regi ment. In order to isolate the cases, to prevent its spreading, re quired a guard to keep them from going to see those sick with it. The burial party would often ride back to camp on the wagon that had carried the corpse to the cemetery. It was at this time that Gen. Mitchel, having completed his ar rangements for commencing an active campaign in the Department of the South, had organized an expedition to intercept communica tion between Charleston, S. C., and Savannah, Ga., to the com mand of which Gen. Brannan was assigned. The brigade of Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry was one of those selected for the advance. The troops were to be ready to march on the afternoon of October 20. Capt. Price, of Company C, having been detailed, by order of Gen. O. M. Mitchel, as president of a military commission, in Special Order No. 325, Head-Quarters Department of the South, dated October 11, 1862, was engaged upon the duties thereof, when the order to march was received. He obtained permission of Gen. Mitchel to adjourn the commission in order to accompany his Regiment. Capt. Mcllvaine, of Company H, was, at the same time, detailed upon court-martial as judge advocate, and made a similar application, to Gen. A. H. Terry, to be relieved from that duty in order to take command of his company. His request was also granted. At the hour appointed for the forces to march, the 97th was in line and ready to move, when an order was received, countermand ing the marching orders of the 97th, on account of the prevalence of the yellow fever in the Regiment. The order was reluctantly obeyed. The brigades of Gen. Brannan s command proceeded upon transports to the main land during the night following. After 1M2 -1 ACTION AT POCOTALIGO. YELLOW FEVER. 139 landing at a favorable position, marched to the Pocotaligo River, where they found the rebels intrenched at a bridge which inter cepted the way to the railroad. A severe engagement ensued, in which the men suffered greatly from the rebel artillery on the other side of the river. The troops were preparing for a charge upon the bridge when the rebels set fire to it, destroying it, thus preventing the possibility of the force crossing to drive them from their position. The 76th P. V. lost seventy-six, officers and men; the 47th P. V , 1st brigade, one hundred and ten, and the 7th Conn, had twenty-nine killed and wounded. On October 24, Private James Wright, of Company U, died, of yellow fever, in the general hospital, at Hilton Head, and was buried, on the same day, in the cemetery outside the intrenehments. Hugh O Donnell, Jr., a drummer of Company E, also died, on the same day, after a few hours illness, of yellow fever of the most virulent type, and, two days after, his father, Private Hugh O Don nell, Sr., of Company E, died of the same fever. Also, on the 25th, in general hospital, Private Peter McDonald, of Company E, died of the same disease, and on the 31st, Wagoner James McNulty, of Company B, died in camp, a very virulent case of the fever. He was buried early in the morning, soon after death, and his tent, clothing, etc., were burned. Every possible sanitary precaution had early been taken to pre vent the disease spreading. The tents of the Regiment were all raised on elevated floors, to allow free circulation of air under and between the tents, and thorough police regulations observed, the tents being all taken down every morning and turned inside out, allowing the sunlight to fall upon the floors, clothing, etc., the tents remaining down during the day. Through these precautions, though the disease, in many cases, manifested its full malignancy, it did not appear to become very contagious, there being but i ew cases of nurses taking it, and many others had gone in and out, to see patients affected with it, with impunity, no doubt attributable to being so much in the open air. Had this fever broken out among so many people crowded together in close houses, in filthy locali ties, the number of cases and the mortality would have been fear fully different. Maj. Gen. Mitchel, being stricken with the fever, was removed to Beaufort, where, it was hoped, he might have greater chances of recovery and better treatment in more comfortable quarters. He, 140 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, however, fell a victim to the disease, on October 30, after receiving every available medical -care, and the kindest nursing at the hands of Mrs. Frances D. Gage, at that time at Beaufort, engaged in the care and education of the freedmen. The flags in the harbor and upon the forts and public departments were all displayed at half-mast, and every demonstration of respect and mourning observed, in honor of the distinguished and lamented commandant of the department. Upon the death of Gen. Mitchel, Gen. Brannan resumed the command. On October 24, Capts. William McConnell, of Company E, and George W. Hawkins, of Company I, with one man from each com pany, were detailed upon recruiting service and started north to relieve Capts. Guss and Wayne, previously detailed upon that service. While absent, Capt. Hawkins applied for appointment to the command of a regiment of colored troops, and was ordered before the examining board, at Washington, appointed to select officers for the colored troops. The command of Company I now devolved upon 1st Lieut. Sketchley Morton, Jr., of that company. Lieut. Morton was soon after taken ill, at Seabrook Point, where his company was still stationed. He was brought to his tent in the camp of the Regiment for medical attendance. He was subse quently sent to the general hospital, at Hilton Head, the disease having proved to be yellow fever, of a mild type, from which he became convalescent, but a relapse occurred, resulting in a fatal termination on the morning of November 12, 1862. He was buried in the cemetery outside the intrenchments, at the edge of a pine grove, just at sunset, the evening after his death. The funeral was attended by most of the officers, a company of the Regiment forming the escort. This being the first death of an officer of the Regi ment, it was a sad duty to perform, consigning to the grave, so far away from his home and loved ones, one so young, whose life had been so genial, so bright, with life s anticipations yet unfulfilled. There being no chaplain present, it was supposed there would be no other services than the usual firing over the grave after the body had been lowered. The golden rays of the setting sun were rest ing upon the shadows of the dark pines and falling through the branches upon the uncovered heads of his comrades, who stood around silently pausing awhile before the signal should be given to the firing party, when, without previous intimation, the adjutant of the Regiment, 1st Lieut. H. W. Carruthers, advanced a fe\v L i LJ T C 1862.1 DEATH AND BURIAL OF LIEUTENANT MORTON. 141 stops, to the edge of the grave, and, in a clear but subdued voice, read the beautiful Episcopal burial service for the dead in a most touching and impressive manner. All felt it most opportune and were grateful for the inspiration that prompted it. No ordained minister, perhaps, could more fitly have performed his office. The following notice of the death of Lieut. Morton is taken from the Delaware County Republican, November 1862: "DEATH OF LIEUT. SKETCHLEY MORTON, JR. Intelligence has reached us, from Hilton Hecid, S. C., of the death of this noble young man and brave officer. He fell a victim to yellow fever, on the l 2th inst., after an illness of two weeks, in the United States General Hospital, at that place, deeply and universally regretted by the officers and men of the 97th Regiment P. V., to which he was attached. Lieut. Morton was only twenty-one years of age. His life was a model one and his character without a stain. He chose a soldier s life from a sense of duty and, after serving through the three months campaign, joined the 97th on its formation, con tinuing to perform active service until stricken down by the fatal disease which carried him to the grave. It is consoling to his rela tives and friends to know that he had every attention shown him that was possible under the circumstances, and that his dying pillow was smoothed by the kind offices of his companions in arms, by one of whom we are assured that he lacked nothing which the abundant conveniences and excellent arrangement for the care of the sick could supply." A brother officer, who was present at his death, writes: "It is a consolation to know that he gave himself to his country in the hour of peril, and that in her service he was ever true to duty both in the camp and in the field. Before the enemy he quailed not; and now that he is called away to a higher life, he has left his name in scribed with those brave ones who have fallen in the effort to main tain, in its integrity, the best government God ever permitted man to make. His fellow soldiers lose a friend and associate who was ever genial, kind and courteous in all his intercourse with them, and the Regiment a faithful and efficient officer. Such are the sa crifices that have caused countless numbers to mourn their loved and lost in so many homes of our once peaceful and happy land now desolated by the ravages of a wicked rebellion." The subjoined sketch of Lieut. Morton is by J. Hill Martin, Esq., author of History of Chester, Delaware County, Pa.: 142 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, "Sketchley Morton, Jr., the third son of Judge Sketchley Mor ton and Elizabeth Newlin, his wife, was born at his father s resi dence, in Springfield, Delaware County, Pa., on March 22, 1842. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he enlisted in the company raised in Delaware County, by Capt. George W. Hawkins, and was mustered into service, at West Chester, on October 7, 1861, as 1st lieutenant of Company I, 97th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. H. R. Guss commanding, and accompanied his regiment to Port Royal, and died, in the military hospital, at Hilton Head, November 12, 1862, of the yellow fever, aged twenty years and eight months. He was a great-great-grandson of John Mor ton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a great-grand son of Sketchley Morton, a major in the Revolutionary army. He was a young gentleman of first abilities and of pleasing personal appearance, very popular with his comrades in arms and beloved by his relations and friends for his many fine qualities and amiable disposition." When Lieut. Morton was taken ill, Lieut. George W. Williams, of Company D, was placed, temporarily, in command of Company I, which he continued to retain until the return of Capt. Hawkins, from recruiting service, being nearly six months. During October, eight men were discharged for disability. On November 1, Privates Abner McCartney, of Company F, and Josiah Grove Huggins, of Company E, died of yellow fever They were buried, from the general hospital, at the cemetery, and on the 2d, Corp. James McConnell, Company H, also died of the fever. On November 3, the Regiment moved inside the intrenchments, near the spot where it first encamped in 1861. The health of the men seemed to improve after the removal. Sergt. Elisha Middleton, of Company B, died, of yellow fever, on November 4, and was buried the same day. He had just been re commended for discharge for disability. On November 14, 16 and 17, in conformity with General Orders No. 134, dated War Department, October 9, 1862, the following men of the 97th P. V. were discharged for the purpose of re-enlist ing in Company E, 3d U. S. Artillery, commanded by Capt. John Hamilton, viz.: Privates James M. Haines, Company A; Joseph Bence, William Clark and Elliott Hopkins, Company C; William Smith, Company D; Alfred L. Dutton, Company H; and Corp. James W. Phillips, Privates John McCann, Daniel Urmy, Amos 1862.] PREVALENCE OF YELLOW FEVER AT HILTON HEAD. 14IJ Y. Harry and William Wilson, of Company K. On January 18, 1863, Corp. Davis O. Taylor, Company C, also re-enlisted in the same battery, under the same order. These men all served out the remainder of their term (three years) except one (Harry), who was killed in action, at Olustee, Fla., in February, 1864. Four re- enlisted as veterans, and one (Urmy) remained with the battery. On November 18, two recruits arrived for Company A, sent by Capt. Guss. On same day, Company I, 97th P. V. was relieved from duty at Seabrook Point and returned to camp. Private George Conway, of Company E, died, of yellow fever, on November 18. There continued to be many cases and frequent deaths from yellow fever, at the general hospital, until the end of rovember, when the disease abated. The Regiment, until November 20, continued to perform the usual camp and picket duty; also furnished details for work upon the in- trenchments. Company and squad drills, at intervals, as the health of the men admitted. On November 20, for sanitary considerations, all the companies of the Regiment excepting one were removed to St. Helena Island, taking tents and light baggage, leaving tent floors, the stables and hospital tents; Company C, with Capt. Price in command, being left in charge of the camp property on Hilton Head. The Regiment, at St. Helena, was relieved of all active duty in order to allow the men opportunity to recuperate. Private William M. Best, of Company B, died, of diptheria, at general hospital, on the 19th, and Private David N. Ruth, of Com pany C, on the 22d, of yellow fever. On the 26th, Private William H. Wilson, of Company B, died of remittent fever, in camp, at St. Helena. On the 22d, 2d Lieuts. Borrell, of Company G, and Baldwin, of Company H, having resigned, returned home. Lieuts. Armstrong, of Company B, and Barber, of Company K, received furloughs of thirty days, and soon after resigned. November 27 was observed in the department as Thanksgiving Day, in conformity with the order of President Lincoln. The offi cers of the 97th Regiment, together with most of those at the post, were invited to spend the day at Fort Pulaski, as the guests of the 48th New York, Col. W. B. Barton commanding, which garrisoned the fort. The trip by Broad River was delightful and the entertain ment unsurpassed. A dress parade of the Regiment, with evolutions 144 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, of the battalion, forming column closed in mass, forming square, etc., all performed with admirable precision, concluded the proceed ings of the day. In the evening, music and dancing in the officers quarters in the casemates, there being quite a number of ladies pre sent to grace the occasion. At the Pelican, outside the fort, a court of inquiry was engaged, late in the evening, earnestly endeavoring to ascertain the responsibility for certain casks, in the possession of the host, said to contain a perfectly harmless fluid, in bottles not labeled, and which could only be correctly decided by unharnessing the corks, a service which seemed to find numerous and ardent FORT PULASK1. volunteers. The action was sharp, not short, nor altogether deci sive. No lives were lost, however, and even the veteran explorer, Capt. Waterbury, of the 55th, survived to do gallant service on many another day. During November, there were twelve men discharged for disa bility. On December 6, Private William H. Brown, of Company D, died, in general hospital, of chronic diarrhoea, and, on the 29th, Private Thomas M. Lancaster, of same company, died, of diptheria, at St. Helena. On December 13, Lieuts. Isaac Smedley, of Company C, and Joseph T. Burnett, of Company F, received furloughs for thirty days and returned home. Capts. I. Price, of Company C, and Charles Mcllvaine, of Company H, were detailed, by order of Gen. A. H. Terry, upon a general court-martial, convened at Hilton Head, pursuant to Special Order No. 70, dated Hilton Head, S. C., De cember 16, 1862. This court, of which Col. Edwin Metcalf, 3d It. I. Vols., was president, continued its sessions through December, 1862, January and par; of February, 1863, adjourning at intervals, but not finally, until relieved by order of Gen. A. H. Terry, upon the completion of the labors of the court. 1882 ] THE REGIMENT AT ST. HELENA ISLAND. 145 Christmas Day was observed, at St. Helena, as a grand holiday. Games and pastimes were improvised for the amusement of the men and several prizes offered for feats of agility, sack races, etc., the funds for which being raised by contributions from the officers of the Regiment. There was also singing by a glee club of the men, which was excellent, and a jig dance, by Corp. Litzenburg, of Com pany G, which was admirable. Sergt. J. A. Russell, of Company H, elicited roars of laughter by his negro eccentricities. This amusing. and interesting entertainment concluded with the perform ance of Richard III, followed by a burlesque, in which the cha racters were admirably sustained by the entire company of amateur performers. In the evening, Capt, F. M. Guss arrived with his recruiting party and three recruits, two of whom were assigned to Company K and one to Company G, making nine recruits sent to the Regi ment by the party. On December 29, Capt, I. Price, of Company C, being ill with fever, was taken to the general hospital, at Hilton Head, where ho remained until convalescent, January 8, 1863. The command of his company, during the interval, devolved upon 1st Lieut. Enchus. At this time, the average number of sick in the hospital and on light duty was eight men to a company. During December, eight men were discharged for disability. The Regiment remained at St. Helena until January 15. when Companies B, E, G and K returned to camp at Hilton Head. Companies A, D, I and H started to return on the 19th, but, owing to windy and stormy weather setting in after embarking, put into Seabrook Point, and encamped until the 21st, when they returned to Hilton Head. Company F remained at St. Helena, until February 11, to assist the engineers in the construction of a wharf and some improvements at the fort on Bay Point. On January 18, Maj. Gen. Hunter returned to Hilton Head and resumed the command of the Department of South. Appropriate salutes were fired by the forts upon his arrival. On January 21, Private Patrick Keefe, of Company E, died, of congestive fever, at Hilton Head. On the 22d, a detail of twenty-six men, of Company C, under command of 1st Incut. Eachus. was sent to work upon the new earthwork. Fort Mitchel, being erected near Seabrook Point, taking tents, etc., to encamp, remaining upon that duty about two weeks. 10 146 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, On the 28th, the 97th was inspected and reviewed by Lieut Col. Oliver I). Green, A. A. G., U. S. A , Capt. Richard H. Jackson, 1st U. S. Artillery, inspector general of department, and 1st Lieut. John R. Myrick, 3d U. S. Artillery They also drilled the Regiment in various battalion movements and required each of the line officers, in turn, to take command of the Regiment and give the requisite command to execute the movement indicated, to change the bat talion from one given position to another. These exercises were of great interest and service. After the return of the Regiment to Hilton Head, company and regimental drill were resumed, including also the skirmish drill and bayonet exercise. On January 31, Company C was ordered to Braddock s Point, at the south end of Hilton Head Island, fourteen miles distant from, head-quarters, relieving a detachment of 1st Massachusetts Cavalry on outpost duty. Capt. Price being still , engaged as a member of court-martial, the company was commanded by Lieut. Eachus. The duty at Braddock s Point required a detail for three posts, for observation, and to prevent rebel scouting parties from landing. The company was relieved, on February 12, by Company E, 97th P. V., under Lieut. John McNamee. That company remained on duty until February 22, when it was relieved by Company B, of the 97th, which, a week later, was relieved by a detachment of Massachusetts Cavalry. During January, six men were discharged for disability. Toward the end of the month, the Department of South was reinforced by a division of troops from Virginia and a detachment of the 18th Army Corps, from North Carolina, known as the Expeditionary Forces. The entire force comprised about twelve thousand excel lent troops, under the command of Maj, Gen. John G. Foster. On February 6, 2d Lieut. Thomas E. Weber, Sergt. Benjamin F. Stackhouse and Private Thomas C. Parsons, of Company A, and Privates Alexander Beck, of Company C, and Abiah C. E. Miller, of Company H, were detailed upon duty in United States Signal Corps. Sergt. Stackhouse returned to the Regiment, August 16, 1863. Miller returned in February, 1864. The rest were trans ferred permanently to the signal corps. They were first stationed at Hilton Head; afterward, under Lieut. Weber, at Kane island, in Beaufort River, and on Morris Island, S. C., in 1863, and on the James River, in 1864, where Private Beck had charge of a station 1S63.] PRACTICE IN DISEMBARKING FROM TRANSPORTS. 147 between James and Appomnttox Rivers and subsequently at Dutch Gap, Va. Private Thomas J. Miller, of Company A, Cor}). Wil liam H. George and Private John G. Foard, both of Company II, were afterward detailed upon the same service, and on August 9, 1863, were permanently transferred to the signal corps. On February 11, the Regiment was paid, by Maj. J. O. Mason, paymaster U. S. V., for four months, to include December 31, 1862. On February 7, Private Charles Green, Company G, died, of congestive fever, at Hilton Head. On February 17, Capt. Price, of Company C, obtained permis sion, of Gen. A. H. Terry, commanding post, to proceed to Warsaw Island, Ga., with a sergeant and ten men, to procure the bodies of Lieut. Gardiner and Private Joseph R. McKinley, of Company C, in order to send them to West Chester, for interment by their friends. Capt. Price received an order from chief quarter-master, Lieut. Col. J. J. Elwell, placing the steamer Boston at his service for the purpose, on the return trip from Ossabaw Sound, Ga., to which place it was to convey the 47th N. Y. Regiment, where several days delay occurred in landing it. The steamer reached Warsaw Island, on the evening of the 24th. The detail landed at once and disinterred the bodies without trouble or delay of any kind. Within an hour after, they had been enclosed in metallic coffins and were ready for departure, but Capt Johnson preferred to remain at anchor until next morning. Reached Hilton Head on the 25th. The bodies were subsequently forwarded to West Chester, by Adams Express, the expense being defrayed from the fund of Company C, by a unanimous vote of the men. About this time, Mr. J. C. Morgan, of Penningtonville, Chester Co., visited the Regiment for the purpose of securing the discharge of, and conveying to his home, Private John C. Brubaker, of Company A, whose health was rapidly failing. Mr. Morgan was welcomed by many friends in the Regiment, being the first visitor from the district since leaving home. He remained at Hilton Head until about March 4, when, his friend having received his discharge, they returned to Chester County, where Brubaker soon after died. In anticipation of operations being renewed in Charleston Harbor, Gen. Terry was having the regiments of his command practiced in disembarking from transports upon the beach, and forming line of battle, in order to prepare the men for such service. 148 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February. On February 29, seven companies of the 97th Regiment were taken on board the steamer Delaware for that purpose, Companies A, B and I being absent. Gen. Terry accompanied the Regiment. The steamer moved up the harbor to a point opposite Elliott s Plan tation, near Seabrook Point. Each company had been assigned its position on the steamer from which to disembark and a lighter arranged for each. Oarsmen had been designated and everything in readiness when the order was given. Each company started at once to enter the lighters, cast off and made for the shore, the con test being which should be the first in line. Company C, having the colors, made every effort to have them on the line first, and was successful. There was, however, but little difference in time, the entire Regiment being in line, ready for the march, in fifteen minutes after the order was given on board the steamer, distant three hundred yards from shore. Gen. Terry highly complimented the officers and men for the rapidity and order of the movement. During the latter part of February and all of March, Company B was stationed at Seabrook Point. Company G was detailed as provost guard, at Hilton Head, in January, and remained on that duty until March 30. On February 17, Companies A and I were ordered to Paris Island, opposite St. Helena Island, to guard the residents, mostly contrabands, from annoyance, by parties of soldiers crossing over and robbing them of their produce. The companies were stationed in a large cotton house, at one of the plantations, having orders to allow no soldiers or civilians to land upon the island without a pass from Brig. Gen. R. Saxon. Those compa nies remained on duty, at Paris Island, Capt. F. M. Guss in com mand, until March 31, when they returned to the Regiment, at Hilton Head. The freedmen of the island were then, and for a long time, in charge of Mrs. F. D. Gage and her son, George D. Gage. The former has since expressed their very great satisfaction on account of the uniform kindness and courtesy of Capt. Guss and his officers and the men of those companies under his command, while on duty at that place, stating that no cause of complaint occurred from any source while the island remained in their charge. Before the occupation of Paris Island, by Capt. Guss command, the complaints of trespassing and injury to the property of the con trabands were both numerous and varied, culminating in the killing and dressing for beef, by foraging soldiers, of a fine bull, tne last 1863 1 DETACHMENT ON DUTY AT PARIS ISLAND. 149 of his sex on the island. At that time, the late lamented Lieut. Col. Charles G. Halpine was assistant adjutant general upon Gen. Hunter s staff, to whom this complaint was brought. Within a few days afterward, the appended ballad was circulated, apparently from the office of the New South, and was everywhere regarded as ema nating from the pen of that gifted writer. The incident thus graphically portrayed became a " classic story" throughout the camps of the department. To omit such a gem of poetic lustre from the record of camp experiences, on the ground of its subject, would seem to be a needless discrimination against merit, and wit so well directed as to find appreciation by the entire command, while serving, also, the important purpose of causing the men to be thereafter more considerate of the rights and property of the island tillers. THE BUTCHERED BULL. A BALLAD OF PAHIS ISLAND. The following memorial was addressed to Gen. Hunter, on last Monday, in regard to a Bull, killed on Paris Island by some straggling soldiers from Gen. Naglee s command. The name of the writer was not appended to the copy which came into our possession through the kindness of a staff officer at head-quarters; but we have reason to believe that the verses emanate from a distinguished source. ED. Dear General II., my heart is full, Lamenting for my butchered bull ; The only bull our Islands had, And all my widowed cows are sad. With briny tears, and drooping tails, And loud boo-boos and bovine wails, My cows lament with wifely zeal Their perished hopes of future Veal. Sad is the wail of human wife To see her partner snatched from life; But he, the husband of a score, For him the grief is more and more ! No future hopp of golden cream ; Even milk in tea becomes a dream: Whey, bonny-clabber, cheese and curds, Are now, ah, me! mere idle words! 150 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, The cruel soldiers, fierce and full Of reckless wrath, have shot ray bull; The stateliest bull,. let scoffers laugh, That e er was "Father" called by calf! A bull as noble, firm and fair As that which aided Jove to bear Europa from the flowery glade Where she, amidst her maidens, played. Dear General H., accept my vows, And oh! take pity on my cows, With whom, bereft of wifely ties, All tender hearts must sympathize. Quick to Van Vliet your order send (By Smith s congenial spirit penned), And order him, in language full, At once to send me down a Bull: If possible, a youthful beast, With warm affections yet unplaced, Who to my widowed cows may prove A husband of enduring love. Port Royal, S. C., Feb. 18, 1863. While stationed at Hilton Head, during the winter of 1862-63, the men of Capt. Hamilton s battery, encamped near by, impro vised some very successful and interesting theatrical performances that greatly relieved the monotony of camp life. The officers and men of the different commands were frequently invited to be pre sent. On the evening of Friday, 16th, the officers and men of the 97th were especially -invited to attend. More than five hundred of the Regiment were present and were highly gratified with the entertainment. During February, 1863, six men were discharged for disability. On March 13, about 12.30 A. M., a rebel force succeeded in landing near Spanish Wells and captured Post No. 1, at the signal station, taking prisoners one sergeant and seven privates of the 9th Maine, the signal officer and two men. The rebels surprised and captured their prisoners without firing a shot or causing any alarm to be given and, when ready to leave, set fire to the signal station, which gave the first notice of the raid. The light aroused the reserve at Spanish Wells. In the attendant confusion, it could only be ascertained that the men were missing and the building on 1863 1 RAID OF THE ENEMY AT SPANISH WELLS. 151 tire. The other posts were all found to be undisturbed. It was supposed the enemy must be on the island still, as the pickets were enabled by the light to have a view of the river for a considerable distance and no boats had been seen either approaching or depart ing. A courier was dispatched to Hilton Head, where an alarm already prevailed, in consequence of the bright light. The 97th P. V. was ordered to march to Spanish Wells at 1.30 A. M., but no trace of the enemy was found beyond that at the signal station. The Regiment returned to camp at 7 A. M. About thirty of the men having been detailed, the previous evening, for duty in the morning, they went to their post at 8 A. M., notwithstanding their night march of over fourteen miles. On March *2 2, the Regiment, with three others, inarched six miles to near Dray ton s Place, and were there deployed right and left to skirmish the intervening forest and swamps from Drayton s and Spanish Wells toward the interior picket line, in order to capture a rebel spy, who had several times been seen by the pickets, lurking in the woods. The skirmish line extended nearly three miles in length and was most carefully conducted through a dense under growth and other obstacles, but without success. The peculiar track of the man was discovered in several places where he had been seen walking previously. The scout occupied the entire day and part of the ensuing night, Companies A, B, G and I, being on detached duty, were not with the Regiment. Those companies returned to the Regiment on March 31. During March, 1863, nine men were discharged for disability. 152 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, CHAPTER VI. SECOND EXPEDITION AGAINST CHARLESTON; CAMPAIGN ON JAMES ISLAND; CAPTURE OF MORRIS ISLAND AND ASSAULT UPON FORT WAGNER; SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF FORTS WAGNER AND GREGG; APRIL TO OCTOBER, 1863. SECOND advance against Charleston being determined upon, Gen. Hunter had completed his preparations at Hilton Head, by April 3, 1863, and the expedition was ready for departure upon its destination. Col. Henry R. Guss, of the 97th P. V., was assigned to the com mand of the 1st brigade 1st division of the 10th Army Corps, consisting of the 8th Maine, 76th and 97th P. V.,the division being commanded by Brig. Gen.. A. H. Terry. Adjt. H. W. Carruthers, of the 97th P. V., was now detailed as assistant adjutant general upon the staff of Col. Guss. 2d Lieut. Isaac Smedley, of Company C, was then detailed acting adjutant of the 97th P. V. The Regiment, commanded by Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, embarked at 4 P. M., April 3, on the steamer Expounder. The transports lay at anchor until the entire force was ready. Sailed at 3 A. M. on the 5th. During the morning passed near the iron clad fleet at the mouth of Edisto, and at 10.30 A. M. reached Stono Inlet, anchored until 6 P. M., then entered Stono River and came to anchor near Folly Island. Heard three or four heavy guns in the direction of Charleston Harbor. The transports remained at anchor, in Stono River, during the 6th and 7th. On April 6, 1863, in General Order No. 5, Head-Quarters, Terry s Division, 10th A. C., Capt. Mcllvaine was appointed ordnance offi cer upon the staff of Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry, commanding division, and remained upon that duty until the acceptance of his resignation, on account of failing health, being previously transferred to the staff HUNTER S SECOND ADVANCE TOWARD CHARLESTON. 153 of Brig. Gen. Joseph 11. Hawlcy, who succeeded Gen. Terry in com mand of the division during the temporary leave of absence of the latter. Company II was from this time under the command of 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaistre. At 2 P. M., on the 7th, the iron clad fleet having crossed the bar, at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, commenced the bombardment of Fort Su inter and the land batteries on Morris and Sullivan s Is lands. Heavy and continued firing was heard during the afternoon. On the 8th, the firing was not resumed. On the 9th, the brigade, with others, landed on Folly Island. One hundred rounds of ammunition were issued to the men of the Regi ment, and preparations made for inarching toward Morris Island. Passed the night under blankets, having stacked arms near the beach. Remained during the next day at the same place, the men being allowed to build fires, cook coffee, etc. At 5 P. M., orders were received to re-embark on the transports, the expedition being ordered to return to Hilton Head, the bombardment of Sumter and the other works not having secured sufficent advantage to warrant an assault upon the rebel position on Morris Island. Col. John B. Howell s brigade remained to occupy Folly Island, and the 100th X. Y., Col. Geo. F. B. Dandy, was stationed on Cole Island. The transports arrived at Hilton Head at 5 P, M. on the llth, and anchored until the 12th, when the Regiment landed and occupied its former camp ground, where it remained until the Kith, doing picket and other duty. On April 13, 1863, Capt. Mcllvaine was designated, in General Order No. 31, Head-Quarters, U. S. Forces, Hilton Head, S. C., in accordance with page 3, General Order, Department of the South, to investigate and decide upon the complaints of negroes who had been defrauded of their just earnings. Capt. Mcllvaine performed this service, in addition to his staff duties, and claims to have taken the first negro evidence on record in the Department of the South. On April 16, the 1st brigade was again ordered to Edisto Island. The 97th embarked at 10 P. M., on board transport Ben Deford, which sailed at 8.30 A. M. on the 17th. Arrived at Edisto at 12 M. and landed at 4.30 P. M. Companies A, F" and I went on picket immediately. The rest of the Regiment prepared to encamp near the wharf, bringing boards, etc., from the old camp ground, which was found just as it had been left nearly a year before. The 76th P. V. arrived about 5 P. M. Details were made to construct a line 154 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, of intrenchments just outside the camp of the brigade, running from a point on the Edisto on the right to a creek on the left. On April 21, the 97th P. V. was paid by Maj. Julian O. Mason, paymaster U. S. V., for the two months ending February 28, 1863. On the same day, orders were received, transferring the 97th P. V. from the 1st brigade and attaching it to the 3d brigade, 1st division, commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas G. Stevenson, who was also in command of all the forces on the Edisto, his brigade being then at Seabrook Point, John s Island, across the Edisto lliver. Col. Guss earnestly endeavored to have the order countermanded, desiring to retain his Regiment in his own brigade, but was unsuccessful. The Regiment was, therefore, reluctantly separated from its beloved com mander. Companies B, E, F and K, under command of Lieut. Col. Duer, were sent over to Seabrook Point, on the 21st, to prepare the ground for encampment, with Gen. Stevenson s brigade, it being covered with rubbish and fallen trees, which had to be burned. The remaining companies, under command of Maj. Pennypacker, crossed the river on the 22d. Col. Guss remained in command of his brigade, which was encamped on Botany Bay Island, adjoining Edisto Island. He was assigned to the command of the forces on Botany Bay, about May 3, 1863, and continued in command at that place until the troops advanced toward Charleston, about July 8, the 3d N. H. being added to his brigade. The 97th P. V. en camped on the edge of a wood, near the beach, at the mouth of Edisto River. The brigade consisted of the 24th Mass, and the 10th Conn., both encamped near the river, on the left; the 56th N. Y. on the right. - The 97th P. V. and a company of the 1st N. Y. Engineers was also encamped on the extreme right. Company A, of the 97th, was detailed for fatigue duty, on the 24th, to work upon a battery being erected on the left of the advanced picket line at some distance from the encampment. One company was detailed each day for this duty when the Regiment was not on duty at the front. The picket duty was performed, for a week at a time, by each regiment in turn, having two reserve stations, a little in the rear of the line, from which daily details for picket were made. On April 26, Capts. McConnell and Hawkins and recruiting party rejoined the Regiment. On the 26th, Lieut. Col. Duer being ordered to Hilton Head, on court-martial duty, Maj. G. Pennypacker then commanded the Regiment. 1863.] PICKET AND OTHER DUTY ON JOHN S ISLAND. 155 During the month of April, two men died; none discharged. On May 3, Lieut. Smedley, of Company C, having previously re signed on account of disability, received an honorable discharge, but did not return home until the middle of July, 1st Lieut. John Wain wright, of Company F, was detailed as acting adjutant of the Regiment, on May 8, and served until June 10. On May 6, in compliance 1 with orders from head-quarters, De partment of the South, furloughs were granted to one-twentieth of the men of each company, in all thirty-seven men, of the Regiment, for thirty days from date of sailing from Hilton Head. They left on the l()th, in company with Adjt. Carruthers, A. A. G., 1st brigade, who received a short leave of absence, and sailed, on the 12th, from Hilton Head, S. C. Gen. Terry, commanding division, Post Qr. Mr. Jones and Capt. McCoy obtained leave of absence; also Mrs. St. John. They all went north together. Lieut. McGrath received a leave of absence, a few days later, and went home. On May 7, the 97th P. V., in command of Maj. G. Pennypacker, relieved the 24th Mass, on picket, the reserve stations being in a wood about three miles from the camp and a short distance in the rear of the picket line. The reserve force was now called up at 2 A. M., to stand at arms in line until sunrise, to guard against sur prise from the enemy, whose cavalry pickets were directly in front. On May 9, Gen. Stevenson visited the line of pickets. lie com mended the officers and men for the vigilant and faithful discharge of their duties at the front and for the general order of the line. On the afternoon of the l()th, a small force of rebel cavalry ad vanced a short distance beyond their line, apparently with the intention of drawing our fire. They then fired a few shots with their carbines, but without effect. The fire was not returned. The reserve was held in readiness in case of an attack by a larger force that was observed sheltered behind the houses and hedges near the rebel line. There was, however, no further advance made. The 97th was relieved from picket at 8 A. M., on the 14th, by the 56th X. Y., and returned to camp. On the 18th, Companies A, B, I and K were detailed for work on the new battery; on the 19th, Companies C, E, F, G and H; on the 21st, Companies A, B, C and D; on the 23d, Companies A, B, I and K; on the 26th and the 29th, companies not designated were engaged upon the same service. On May 24, Capts. Price, Mendenhall, McConnell and Lewis 156 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, were ordered to Hilton Head, to attend court-martial as witnesses, and were absent for several days. A squad of men from each com pany was sent to Hilton Head, with those officers, to bring up a portion of the camp and garrison equipage of the Regiment left at that post. On May 25, Sergt. Burton and Privates A. Chandler, William Givin and V . Yarnall, of Company A, were detailed as a patrol guard, at Gen. Stevenson s head-quarters, to examine boats of con trabands and others trading in the river. On May 25, the Regiment was engaged on fatigue duty, cutting timber; also on the 27th and 30th. During the month, nine men were discharged for disability and one man died of chronic diarrhoea. These names appear in the record. On June 3, the Regiment was again on fatigue duty, at the new battery, near the picket reserve. On the 4th, the Regiment was again detailed for picket, for the ensuing week. Marched to the front at 8 A. M., where the usual detail was made and sent to relieve the 24th Mass. During that day, while some of the men not on duty were bath ing in Kiawah Inlet, Private Hanford T. Griffith, of Company H, was drowned. Every exertion was made by his comrades to rescue him, unavailingly. His body was not recovered for two and a half hours. On June 6, Lieut. Eachus, of Company C, having been detailed for duty in the commissary department, was ordered to Beaufort. On the same day, Lieut. Col. Duer and Capts. Price, Mendenhall, McConnell and Lewis returned to the Regiment, being relieved from attendance upon court-martial. On the morning of the llth, the Regiment was relieved from picket, by the 56th N. Y., and returned to camp. The men to whom furloughs had been granted, on May 6, returned from the north and rejoined the Regiment on the llth. Adjt. Carruthers, Qr. Mr. Jones and Lieut. McGrath also returned. On June 12, Gen. Stevenson inspected and reviewed his brigade on the beach opposite the camp. On the 15th. Maj. Pennypacker ordered the Regiment out for regimental drill, being the first time since January. It was con tinued, whenever practicable, while the Regiment remained on the island. >i;: THE ENEMY ATTACK THE PICKET LINES. 157 On Juno 16, Gen. Hunter was relieved of the command of the Department of the South, by Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gilmore, who im mediately commenced preparations for active operations at the front, on Folly Island, and to concentrate his disposable forces on James Island as a feint to those operations. On June IS, three companies of the l()th Conn, were advanced outside the picket lines, as far as the old sugar mill, one and a half miles, where they encountered a force of cavalry and infantry. A brisk skirmish fire ensued, which was kept up as the 10th Conn, returned in order to the lines. The rebels followed, opening, also, an artillery fire upon the lines. The reserves having two pieces of artillery, manned by a detachment of the 3d Rhode Island Artillery, advanced their guns to the front and opened fire. The 97th 1*. V., being in camp three miles oft , was ordered to the support of the picket line. Maj. Pennypacker marched the Regiment in double quick time to the front. The men inarched eagerly and without straggling, anxious to reach the line in time to take a hand in the firing that was going on briskly between the artillery forces and in fantry, which continued actively on both sides for a considerable time. The monitors on the Edisto River moved into position and opened an effective fire upon the enemy s flank. The rebels, finding such an energetic resistance, did not attempt to charge 1 the lines, and soon retired, having one piece of artillery dismounted. The 97th reached the front just as the enemy withdrew. Our loss was one man wounded and two artillery horses disabled. On the evening of the 19th, the movements of the enemy caused the monitors in the Edisto to open fire, but no advance was made. About June 20, many of the men of the Regiment were taken sick with chills and fever and diarrhoea, which continued to prevail for several weeks. On the 23d, the Regiment was paid by Maj. J. O. Mason, pay master U. S. V., for the two months ending April 30, 1863. On the 24th, a general inspection of the Regiment was made by Capt. William Pratt, A. A. Insp. Gen. and Capt. Clark, A. A. Gen. On the 30th. the Regiment was mustered for two months pay and inspected by Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, assisted by Maj. Penny- packer and Adjt. Carruthers. During the month, three men were discharged for disability. On July 2, the Regiment was again detailed for picket for the week, and relieved the 24th Mass. Remained upon the line until 158 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the 7th, with no unusual occurrence. Were then relieved by four companies of the 24th Mass, and returned to camp, where orders awaited the Regiment to be ready to move, in light marching order, at short notice. The 56th N. Y., 10th Conn, and six com panies of the 24th Mass, had already embarked on the transports. Asst. Surgeon Morrison, of the 97th, was detailed, July 7, as medical officer for the 24th Mass., with which he remained on duty about one month. 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaistre, of Company H, received a short leave of absence, on account of failing health, and returned home. Company H was commanded, during his absence, by Lieut. Wainwright, of Company F. Sutler John F. Forrest also returned home, for a short period, to procure supplies. The 97th P. V., remained in camp, at Seabrook, until the evening of the 8th, when the right companies of the Regiment went on board the steamer Delaware, under command of Lieut. Col. Duer, and the left, on the Beaufort, under command of Maj. Pennypacker, leaving the camp, with the sick and convalescent men who were unfit for duty, in charge of Capt. McConnell, of Company E. A small infantry force remained to guard the camp, which was pro tected by the monitors in the river. The troops being all embarked, the expedition went to sea at 10 A. M. on the 9th. At daylight, the fleet had arrived off Charleston, Fort Sumter looming up to view in the centre, the Moultrie House, on Sullivan s Island, on the right, and the signal lookout at Secessionville, James Island, on the left. At 11 A. M., the trans ports of Gen. Terry s division, preceded by the gunboats Pawnee and Com. McDonough, the monitor Nantucket and a mortar schooner, entered the Stono River, came to anchor until evening, and then proceeded up the river, the naval vessels firing a few shell into the woods on each side as they advanced. The transports anchored opposite Legareeville for the night. Early on the morning of the 10th, the 104th and 52d P. V., commanded by Col. W. W. H. Davis, of the 104th, were landed on James Island, and immediately advanced a short distance, when one company was thrown forward as pickets, at the bridge at the head of the causeway, the landing being made at the point occupied by Gen. Stevens the preceding year. The left wing of the 97th P. V., having previously joined the right, on the steamer Delaware, landed at 4 A. M. with the remainder of Gen. Terry s division. After the landing had been effected, the troops stacked arms and bivouacked GILMORE S OPERATIONS ox FOLLY ISLAND. 159 until H A. M. Meanwhile, the line had been advanced near half a mile, where a picket line was established. The force left on Folly Island, in April, had been increased by detachments by the 1st N. Y. Eng., 1st U. S/ Art y, 3d 11. I. Art y and the 3d N. Y. Art y, all under command of Brig. Gen. Israel Yogdes, of Chester County, a cousin of Capt. William Wayne, of the 97th, who had recently been appointed colonel of the United States artillery and brevet brigadier general in the United States army. This force had been engaged, after the suspension of operations in April, in clearing the impenetrable undergrowth, to afford camping ground, and in opening roads for the movement of supplies, artillery, etc., to the north end of the island, and after ward, under the direction of Gen. Gilmore, in secretly erecting batteries for the reduction of the enemy s works on the lower end of Morris Island, which borders the southern entrance to Charleston Harbor. These operations were conducted with the utmost secrecy and success, the enemy being totally unaware of the progress of the work until the guns of Gen. Gilmore s batteries opened upon their position, at 4 A. M. on July 10. It had been evident, how ever, that some suspicion was entertained of danger from this quarter, a heavy fire from the enemy s guns having opened occa sionally upon the position, during the progress of the work, which killed and wounded several men; but as no reply was made, or other indication of its effect, probably disarmed all suspicion of there being any other force on Folly Island than the usual picket of ob servation. When all was in readiness, Gen. Gilmore, having con centrated his forces upon Folly Island, during the cover of night, embarked the troops designated for the assault in lighters that had been collected at a convenient spot in the Stono River. The force selected was Gen. Strong s brigade, consisting of the 76th P. V., b th and 7th Conn., 3d X. H., four companies of the 48th X. Y., 9th Maine, and a detailed force of sharp-shooters. These embarked in the lighters, early in the evening of July 9, and about IIP. M. began to move cautiously through the shallow channels leading toward Light House Inlet. At daylight, they lay behind the point at the mouth of the creek that passes Secessionville. Five navy launches, with howitzers on board, in charge of Lieut. Com. S. B. Bunce, executive officer of the Pawnee, convoyed the lighters, and when the attack commenced they moved up Light House Inlet and opened upon the rebel rifle pits. 160 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [July, Everything being in readiness, at 4.30 A. M., on the 10th, Gen. Gilmore opened fire, from his batteries, upon the rebel position on Morris Island, carrying complete surprise to the enemy just as the reveille was sounded in their camps. Many officers and men were killed and wounded while standing at roll call. The assaulting force moved into line in Lighthouse Creek, the left, toward Black Island. A shell from the enemy struck one of the boats, sinking it and taking off the leg of a man of the 6th Conn.; he, however, swam to another boat, but died soon afterward from the loss of blood. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. About 6.30, Gen. Strong gave orders to advance the boats and land. A portion of the 7th Conn., led by Capt. V. B. Chamberlain, Com pany A, first reached the shore, and with a shout of triumph dashed forward and drove<the enemy from their rifle pits, suffering a small loss. Gen. Strong led his men gallantly in the charge upon the re maining rifle pits. Then the whole force charged upon the batteries on the sand bluffs, capturing these in a few minutes, then closely followed in pursuit of the enemy, retreating toward the north end of Morris Island, capturing about one hundred prisoners, a large amount of stores, and ammunition, together with eight guns, two mortars, a large number of tents, camp equipage, etc. After passing beyond the Beacon House, the fire of the enemy s guns at 1863.] OPERATIONS ON MORRIS AND JAMES ISLANDS. 161 Forts Wagner and Suintcr prevented any closer pursuit. Possession of more than three-fourths of the island was thus secured. Many of the prisoners captured were conscripts and substitutes, who were desirous of taking the oath of allegiance, having suffered untold privations, and were more pleased than otherwise with being captured. Several confederate flags were captured, one of which had inscribed upon it " Pocotaligo." Gen. Gillmore s loss was eighteen killed, ninety-six wounded and two taken prisoners, a total loss of one hundred and sixteen. Gen. Beauregard subsequently reported his loss at three hundred, killed and wounded, including sixteen officers. To resume the account of Gen. Terry s operations on James Island, intended originally as a feint to withdraw the attention of the enemy from the preparations going on at Folly Island; the 97th P. V. had been detailed for picket soon after landing and at 8 A. M. started toward the front. On the march, they received the news of the capture of the enemy s works, on Morris Island, by Gen. Strong s brigade, which had just been signalled to Gen. Terry from the station on Folly Island, in charge of Lieut. Weber and the men of the 97th upon that service. It was welcome news indeed; the men cheered lustily and advanced to the front in fine spirits. The picket line had been established near the one held last year by Gen. Stevens command, the enemy s pickets being in sight of the posi tion. Heavy firing was heard during most of the day from the iron-clad fleet, which had crossed the bar at the entrance to the harbor and participated with Gen. Gillmore s advance. On July 10, Col. Guss visited the Regiment on James Island and was gladly welcomed by all. In consequence of a rearrangement of troops, by Gen. Gillmore, after the withdrawal of Col. Guss command from Botany Bay, it was determined to assign him to the command of a brigade to which his own regiment might be again attached. Pending this arrange ment, he was directed to report to Gen. A. H. Terry for duty and was by that officer temporarily attached to his staff as its chief, he being thoroughly familiar with the strategic position and condition of James Island, from his regiment having participated with the operations of the previous year. He was the only officer of his rank present who had the same experience. When Gen. Terry s division was ordered to Morris Island, Col. Guss resumed command of his Regiment and led it in the assault upon Fort Wagner. He 11 162 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. remained with it until assigned to the command of the 1st brigade, in which Gens. Strong and Vogdes had preceded him. On the llth, the picket line was advanced some distance, sup ported by the 104th and the 52d P. V. and the 56th N. Y. and 54th Mass, (colored) on the right, and by the 24th Mass., 10th Conn, and 97th P. V. on the left. The entire force bivouacked, in line of battle, in rear of the picket line, during the night following. While the line was being advanced, the gunboat Pawnee fired a few shot at Tower Battery (our old acquaintance), near Secessionville. Near the same time, the steamer General Hunter was fired into, from John s Island, by rebel sharp-shooters The Commodore Mc- Donough threw some shell in return, which dispersed the rebels. The troops continued to bivouac, in line of battle, near the picket line, until July 12, when they encamped in a field half a mile from the landing, the left of the camp flanked by an impassable swamp. The men being without tents had only the shelter of gum blankets. On the 12th, heavy firing was kept up during the day in Charles ton Harbor. The gunboats in Stono River shelled rebel scouting parties on John s Island. A portion of the 54th Mass, was sent to Legareeville, on picket. At 5 P. M., on the 13th, Companies B, C, G, H and I were de tailed for picket and occupied the centre of the line. Remained without particular incident, until 5 P. M., on the 14th, when these companies were relieved by the other companies of the Regiment. They continued on duty until the evening of the 15th, when they were relieved by the 10th Conn. The 54th Mass, occupied the right of the picket line at that time. At 4 A. M., on July 16, the rebels attacked the picket line with great vigor. The 10th Conn, and 54th Mass, made a determined resistance, but, the rebels advancing in force, they were compelled to retire, disputing every inch of ground. Many of the 54th Mass, had remained at their posts until overpowered and slain, and were then horribly mutilated where they fell. A rebel battery of six pieces, twelve-pounders, had been ad vanced, on the left, to a position in rear of the buildings on Grim- ball s Plantation, close under the guns of the Pawnee, and opened fire upon her with great energy, firing fifty-two shot before she could return the fire. The attack being made just at the turn of the tide, it was a considerable time before she could be got in posi tion to turn her guns upon the enemy, which, however, was at 1S63.1 ACTION AT STEVENS LANDING, JAMES ISLAND. 163 length accomplished, when a lew well-directed shot sent them vapidly to a more safe place with their battery. The rebels, in the mean time, had advanced in force upon Gen. Terry s position. Gen. Stevenson s brigade occupied the right of the front line and Col. Shaw s 54th Mass, the left. Col. W. W. H. Davis brigade, with the 2d S. C., Col. Montgomery, held the second line, one hun dred yards in rear of the first. Thus disposed, Gen. Terry s forces awaited the approach of the enemy, whose object, evidently, was to capture the entire force or to drive it from the island, no doubt with the belief that Gen. Terry had no artillery landed. Prisoners, subsequently captured, reported that intelligence to that effect had been given the enemy by a deserter from our lines, who had been held subject to be shot if his information should prove to be in correct. The enemy rapidly pushed forward a battery of twelve- pounders, on the right, to within a short distance of our lines, open ing a brisk fire upon the tents and ambulances in the rear, in view from their position. The men, having been ordered to lie down, were not exposed to view; they thus escaped the severity of the fire directed just over them. One of the sick in the hospital was mortally wounded by the first fire. One of the Massachusetts cavalrymen was also wounded and his horse killed. The main body of the enemy had approached, under cover of the irregularity of the ground, very near to our position and began deploying their lines across the open field to cover our front. After the artillery of the enemy had fired five shots, the guns of the 1st Conn. Art y, Capt. Rockwell, opened in reply, dismounting, at the first fire, two of the enemy s guns, killing several men and three of their horses. Their guns only fired two shot afterward. A well-directed artillery fire was then poured into the ranks of the infantry advancing in front, Terry s infantry being still concealed from their view by the rise in the ground. The enemy s advance was suddenly brought to a halt and the command, "About face; in retreat, march," was given, the orders being distinctly heard. Our men, impatiently expecting the order to open fire upon the ad vancing foe, were now more eager to be up and after them; but Gen. Terry, being in communication, by signal telegraph, with Gen. Gillmore, on Folly Island, had been ordered to await the approach of the enemy upon his position, and to give battle on that ground if they should venture close enough, but in no event to follow, or risk a general engagement outside his position, the enemy being in 164 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. greatly superior force, and capable of maintaining their ground if followed to their own well-intrenched position. The force numbered about four thousand men, including a brigade of Stonewall Jack son s corps; also some Georgia and North Carolina regiments, all under command of the rebel Gen. Shepley. Gen. Terry was also aware that the movement upon James Island was intended to occupy the attention of the enemy as much as possible while more important operations were directed against Morris Island. The artillery fire continued to hasten the retreat of the enemy. A skirmish line was sent forward to follow them as far as the line formerly occupied. This force captured eight or ten stragglers and brought in the killed and wounded. The picket line was imme diately re-established. Company B, of the 97th, under 1st Lieut. Savage, was ordered out as a part of the skirmish ibrce. Sergt. Nichols, of that com pany, captured a sergeant of the 19th Ga., and handed him over to Gen. Terry. The enemy carried off many of their wounded and a few of their killed. The 54th Mass, suffered most heavily, as they occupied the part of the line most vigorously attacked. Our entire loss was eight killed and twenty-four wounded. The enemy s must have been very much greater. A memorandum of the loss in two North Carolina regiments in this action, afterward found in the pocket of a rebel soldier, captured on Morris Island, stated that it amounted to one hundred and twenty-five. On the evening of July 16, Gen. Terry received orders to eva cuate James Island. The troops embarked on transports during the night. Company F, being detailed for duty, at the landing, was engaged during the entire night loading heavy ordnance and ordnance stores of the battery, having to work in mud and water nearly waist deep, a service not relished by the men, who could not well understand why infantry troops should be compelled to work all night in the mud and wet, handling the ordnance stores for artillerymen, who marched past them, while at work, dry shod, on pontoons, to the transports. Any little cursing that was done just then by Company F was regarded as quite natural if not excusable. The 97th P. V., being left to cover the embarkation, was the last regiment to leave the island, at 3 A. M., on the 17th, going on board the transport Island City. Then steamed down the river to Folly Island. Landed at sunrise and stacked arms near the beach, w r here the men were allowed to rest during the day, under shelter 1863 -] JAMES ISLAND EVACUATED. MORRIS ISLAND. 165 of their blankets. At dark, started on the march up the beach toward Morris Island. Reached Lighthouse Inlet, at midnight, naving marched about seven miles. At this point, Gen. Terry re ceived orders to detach from his command Gen. Stevenson s brigade, Col. Shaw s 54th Mass, and the 2d S. C., with orders to report to Gen. Strong, on Morris Island, and to retain Col. W. W. H. Davis brigade, with himself in command of the forces, on Folly Island. This was, of course, a great disappointment to both Gen. Terry and his troops, who desired to have him continue in command on Morris Island. In the endeavor to secure this, Gen. Terry went over to see if Gen. Gillmore would not permit him to lead his division in the expected assault upon Fort Wagner. With what success was not then ascertained, but within the next two days the fortunes of war had placed Gen. Terry in a more important command than he had yet held, being the second in the department. When the troops which were to cross to Morris Island reached Lighthouse Inlet, lighters were found in readiness for each company, into which they entered and rowed across in the darkness and rain, the landing spot being indicated by a light stationed on the oppo site side. After all the companies had landed, the Regiment was formed in line and marched, during a drenching rain, about half a mile and halted among the sand hills. Arms were then stacked, and the men ordered to lie down for the night where they halted. Rubber blankets were the only shelter. The pouring rain had already soaked every portion of the clothing, so all lay down with out any effort to find comfort or shelter and, being very tired, were soon silent in sound sleep. Such rest as could be found was en tirely undisturbed by complaining that could bring no relief to discomfort. The morning of the 18th found the men wet, hungry and but little rested after the night s march, but the cooks soon had the coffee boilers steaming, and the clouds breaking away, the sun dried their wet clothes, while draughts of the invigorating Mocha put new life and spirits into the tired bodies of the men, who leisurely began the next work after the meal, which a soldier always looks to, cleaning his gun and accoutrements. These were required to be put in order preparatory to a general review that was ordered for 5 P. M., a significant proceeding which all knew meant business soon after. When Gen. Strong s forces had driven the enemy from the lower 166 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. end of Morris Island, on the 10th, it had been intended to follow up his success by an immediate assault upon Fort Wagner, then held by a strong garrison, under Col. Lawrence M. Keitt, but the men were found to have become too much exhausted by their morning s work and the excessive heat of the day. The attack was, therefore, post poned until the next day and the troops allowed to rest. Some light defensive lines were thrown up across the narrow strip of land to prevent an assault from the enemy. On the llth, soon after midnight, Gen. Strong advanced his forces to within a short distance of the fort and, having selected the 7th Conn., 76th P. V. and the 9th Maine to lead the assault in the order named, held his remaining force in reserve. The enemy s pickets were encountered about two hundred yards from the work and driven to the shelter of the fort. The 7th Conn., led by Lieut. Col. D. C. Rodman, then advanced with a loud cheer under a severe fire of grape and canister and, dashing forward, reached the crest of the works. The 76th P. V., at the same time, charged upon another angle of the work, led by Maj. John W. Hicks, with great gallantry in the face of a withering fire. Maj. Hicks and many other officers and men were wounded, but the regiment pressed forward, its ranks fearfully thinned as it ascended the glacis, the moat was crossed and the parapet reached by many of the brave fellows who were there swept down just upon the threshold of success. The 9th Maine followed bravely through the fearful fire until its ranks were J mowed down by the enemy s guns, then halted and again advanced, gallantly trying to face the ordeal, but the destructive fire from the parapet swept down the advancing ranks and drove back those who had reached the crest, but were unable to enter. The order to retreat being given, the destruction became even more fatal. Lieut. Col. Rodman was severely wounded, his leg being shattered. He was almost the only one brought off from the slopes of the work. The 76th P. V. left upon the glacis and in the moat one hundred and thirty men and five officers, of about three hundred and fifty who were engaged in the action. The 7th Conn, lost one hundred and three, killed, wounded and missing; the 9th Maine, thirty-four, and the 3d N. H. one killed and one wounded. After this unsuccessful effort, it was evident that a larger force would be requisite to carry Fort Wagner by assault, or its reduc tion accomplished by regular siege. The necessary preparations to 1888.] MORRIS ISLAND. FIRST ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. 167 begin the work were immediately entered upon and operations com menced on the 113th. Early on the morning of the 14th, the enemy made a sortie from Fort Wagner upon Gen. Strong s position, but his pickets were too well upon the alert to be surprised. After a sharp contest, the enemy was driven back. -Our loss was one killed, two wounded and one taken prisoner. The first line, located near the Beacon House, at a distance of seventeen hundred yards from Fort Wagner, was completed by the 17th, notwithstanding the enemy s vigor ous fire upon the men at work in BEACON HOUSE. the trenches. The guns and mortars were removed from the batteries on Folly Island, brought forward and mounted in the works upon Morris Island. By the morning of the 18th, 4hese were placed in position in the following order; on the right, four three-inch rifled pieces; next, six ten-pounder Parrotts; next to these, two thirty-pounder Parrotts and three eight-inch siege mortars in place on the left of the parallel. Besides these there had been erected what were known as the Left Batteries, in which were mounted four twenty-pounder Parrotts, four eight-inch mortars and three thirty-pounder Parrotts. This was the situation upon the morning after Gen. Stevenson s brigade landed on Morris Island. Gen. Gillmore now determined upon making another effort to carry Fort Wagner by a more formidable force thrown against it, after a bombardment should have silenced its guns, if possible, or weakened its defensive force. Accordingly, a most effective fire was concentrated upon it by the land batteries and by the naval fleet in the harbor, consisting of the formidable New Ironsides, monitors Weehawken, Patapsco, Nahant and Catskill and gunboat Paul Jones, which ran within close range of the work and opened an incessant and brilliant fire. The land batteries also made most ex cellent work, their firing being quite accurate. These were in charge of Lieut. Col. Richard H. Jackson, captain 1st U. S. Art y, on the right, and Maj. James E. Bailey, 3d R. I. Art y, on the left. The enemy replied from Fort Wagner occasionally, but more vigor- 168 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [July, ously from Forts Surnter, Johnson, Moultrie, Battery Gregg and Battery Bee. The rebel flag on Fort Wagner was struck by a shell which cut the staff and halliards away. A regimental flag was soon put up on the parapet and afterward a confederate flag near it. By 4 P. M., there was no further response from Fort Wagner, the concentrated fire having driven the men from their guns to the shelter of their bombproofs. At the appointed hour, 5 P. M., Gen. Gillmore reviewed all the troops not on duty at the front, on the beach near his head quarters, in sight of Forts Sumter and Moultrie. A few shell were thrown from the latter that did not quite reach the position. In NEW IRONSIDES AND MONITORS. half an hour after the review was over, Gen. Stevenson s brigade and Col. Shaw s 54th Mass., having been ordered to prepare to join the forces at the front, to participate in the assault, were on the march toward Fort Wagner. Meanwhile, the incessant firing upon both sides, with the shot and shell crashing overhead, or whizzing in close proximity to the advancing ranks, was an experience that told of active service close at hand. The men marched steadily and silently forward, still nearer to the enemy s works as the gathering darkness, obscuring the view, caused the fire to be dis continued. Gen. Strong s brigade had, during the day, occupied a position near the batteries on the left. He now moved up near to an old house at the right batteries. Col. Putnam s brigade had remained during the day at the bluffs, at the right of the Beacon House. When Gen. Strong moved forward he advanced to his support, both forces being now deployed across the open land, ad- 183.] MORRIS ISLAND. SECOND ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. 169 vancing within six hundred yards of Fort Wagner. Gen. Steven son s brigade had, at this time, reached a position to the left of the Beacon House. He was then directed to move up the beach to a position near the old house. The entire force advanced to the designated places in steady tramp, while the thoughts of all were impressively occupied with a feeling of the desperate encounter in which they were soon to participate. Some must fall; but who could tell what home was destined to receive the fatal message that their loved one had fallen amid the darkness and the conflict that was now so near at hand. But all pressed forward where duty called, hoping and trusting. Heavy black clouds overspread the sky, rendering the darkness more complete. The 54th Mass, had been designated to lead the assault. When moving from their camp, after the review, they were cheered by all the troops as they passed to the right of the column. The enemy had opened fire from the time the old house was reached by Gen. Strong s troops. This increased in intensity as the other forces advanced. The guns of Fort Wagner swept the beach while the barbette guns of Fort Sumtcr and Cummings Point enfiladed the flank. The air was filled with deadly missiles from every quarter, yet the men dashed bravely on at double quick over the last six hundred yards, Col. Shaw leading the 24th Mass., followed by Strong s and Putman s brigades, in the order named. Gen. Seymour being in command of the assault. As the troops pressed forward, the clear commands of the officers were heard, amid the crash of battle, cheering the men, who responded as they sprang on, over the ditches and up the slopes, in successive regimental lines. The ranks of the foremost were shattered and broken by the incessant fire. The ground was cumbered by the wounded and dying, over whose bodies the rear regiments had to climb to reach the top, where they encountered the bayonets of the determined foe, yet they pressed on. Many gained the crest and drove the enemy from their guns upon the curtain of the works. A few reached that part of the parapet from which they could fire upon the entrances to the bombproof in view. But the enemy from behind the traverses and bastions kept up such a terrible and incessant fire that our troops suffered intensely, being unable in the darkness to overcome the advantage of the enemy s more accurate knowledge of the position, which resulted in deciding the contest against the 170 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. \_3n\y, utmost valor and unflinching perseverance of the brave and gallant men, who had reached the perilous crest of the work only to meet the death-dealing storm of shot, shell and hand-grenades that were hurled upon them from the greatly superior numbers within the shelter of the works. To particularize the deeds of valor of the different brigades and regiments would be useless when all did so well and bravely. The 6th Conn., led by its gallant colonel, John L. Chatfield, charged twice over a traverse to capture a gun that was sweeping grape and canister through the ranks. But he fell, severely wounded, and his men were at last compelled to fall back to the shelter of the slope. Ccl. Chatfield lay for two hours where he fell. He was assisted by a private of another regiment, also wounded, who scraped a trench beside the colonel s body, in which he found shelter from the enemy s fire, and afterward helped him to a place of safety. The colonel, however, died of his wounds, a few weeks later, at his home in Connecticut. The 54th Mass, at the outset made a brave and desperate charge, led by its intrepid commander, Col. Robert G. Shaw. But the enemy, recognizing the presence of colored troops, concentrated a storm of grape, canister and musketry that mowed them down with fearful slaughter. They then made a rush to capture the colors of the 54th. The color sergeant, Henry W. Carney, had been shot dead in the charge, but another had grasped them and carried them to the front. In the desperate encounter that ensued for possession of the colors, by the enemy, the men of the 54th fought desperately. The bayonets, in a hand-to-hand struggle, clashed and gleamed in the flashes of light, while the flags were alternately siezed by each party to be retaken in turn. The 54th was finally overcome and driven back by the superior numbers that confronted the remnant. They brought off with them one tattered flag and the staff of the other, from which every shred of the flag had been torn in the fear ful strife. Col. Shaw was buried by the enemy, where he fell, with twenty- two of his brave men who were found fallen at his side. For nearly half an hour the 1st brigade continued a hand-to- hand fight with the enemy. Nearly every commissioned officer was shot down. When the hopelessness of longer continuance was ap parent, Maj. Josiah G. Plympton, of the 3d N. H., brought off the remnant of Gen. Strong s brigade. Col. Putnam s brigade had been advanced closely in support of 1863. J MORRIS ISLAND. SECOND ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. 171 Gen. Strong s movements. The officers met and endeavored to rally the straggling forces that were in retreat from the front. Finally, Lieut. Col. Joseph C. Abbott, of the 7th N. H., massed his men with a portion of the 100th N. Y., and advanced to the parapet of the fort, while a part of Gen. Strong s brigade still held their po sition upon that part of the work. Col. Putnam had also advanced and occupied a part of the work from which Gen. Strong s forces had retired. lie was here soon joined by Gen. Strong, and, after a short conference, the latter devoted his attention to rallying some stragglers upon the slopes, and to direct the troops coming up against a point from which the enemy was keeping up a concentrated fire to prevent reinforcements from reaching the slopes. While thus engaged, Gen. Strong was struck by a discharge from a howitzer, severely wound ing him in the thigh. He was immediately borne from the field and his wound dressed at the sanitary commission. He was subse quently taken to Hilton Head and to New York, where he died from lockjaw, caused by his wound, on July 30, 1863. Gen. Seymour was painfully wounded while hurrying up re inforcements, by a grape shot striking his foot. One of his aids, Lieut. S. S. Stevens, 6th Conn., was killed at the same time. The remnant of Gen. Strong s and Col. Putnam s brigades, upon the parapet and slopes of the fort, had dwindled down to a scattered few, who found but slight shelter from the incessant fire directed upon them. Originally intended as a support, Col. Putnam s bri gade found but few at the front to support, as most of the 1st brigade had been killed, wounded or captured. The situation was most critical: to retreat now would be equally fatal as to remain before the concentrated storm of grape, canister, and the fire of over one thousand rebel rifles from behind the traverses and bastions of the work. The gallant Col. Putnam was, however, undaunted. He en couraged his men to hold on until reinforcements should arrive. His last words were: "Hold on for a minute, brave men. Our re inforcements are coming!" As he spoke, he was struck in the fore head by a Minic ball, and fell dead. The loss of such a com mander at such a time was disastrous in the extreme. The men were disheartened. The dangers they had encountered demoralized them less than the loss of almost all their brave leaders. To return the fire of the enemy, now seemed to invite the concentrated fire 172 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. from their concealed positions where they lay watching for the target of flashing muskets. In addition to this, the troops upon the slopes of the work had, from the first moment of assault, suffered severely from the fire of the men in the rear, directed upon the rebel works. Never was the advantage of Gen. Anthony Wayne s order to the storming party at Stony Point, to "Empty your cartridge boxes and trust to your bayonets," more apparent than then. Had the order been now repeated, the loss and demoralization of our forces would have been greatly lessened and the chances of success largely increased. The shattered remnant of Col. Putnam s command, now impressed with the hopelessness of longer continuance of the effort, gathered up some of their wounded, and reluctantly retired at the moment that Gen. Stevenson s brigade was being hastened forward, to the support of those upon the slopes of the work, by Col. John W. Turner, assistant adjutant general and chief of staff to Gen. Gill- more. But the order to move forward came too late to be of avail, save to ensure the sacrifice f a third brigade in detail, as nothing better could be hoped for after the unsuc cessful efforts of two of the bravest and best in the ser- FORT WAGNER AT POINT OP ASSAULT. vice that had been so gal lantly, yet unavailingly, led against a work so formidable and so desperately defended. Gen. Stevenson s brigade had been held in reserve to support the movement, if successful, or to cover the retreat if it should prove otherwise. The latter alternative now devolved upon the brigade. The duty of gathering up and covering the shattered columns of the division, under the guns of the enemy and the galling fire of musketry, shot and shell from the impregnable fortress, was a work scarcely less hazardous than a continuance of the assault. During the attack, the brigade had occupied a position near the outer line of defence, awaiting Gen. Stevenson s orders, within range of the fire of Forts Sumter and Johnson, the shells from which fell near and exploded over the brigade but did little injury. An aid of Gen. Seymour came to Col. Guss, with orders for the 97th P. V. to ad vance, stating that Strong s and Putman s forces had entered Fort Wagner and were engaged in a hand-to-hand conflict with the 1868.] MORRIS ISLAND. SECOND ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. 173 enemy and needed immediate help to secure possession. The order claimed to have the sanction of Gen. Stevenson, but owing to the conflicting intelligence received from the front, and the perplexity attendant upon the extreme darkness of the night, it was impossible to be entirely satisfied of the reliability of a verbal order from an aid not personally known to the officer receiving it. The Regiment was immediately advanced, by Col. Guss, under a heavy fire of musketry. After marching about two hundred yards, meeting a large number of wounded and demoralized soldiers, straggling back, Gen. Stevenson appeared at the head of the Regiment and then rode rapidly toward the fort. He soon returned, ordered a " Halt, about face," and sent the Regiment back to its former position. In a few minutes, he ordered a detail of three companies, witli a field officer in command, to report immediately at the abattis on the beach. The detail, consisting of Company A, Capt. Guss; Company F, Capt. Lewis, and Company H, temporarily in command of Capt. Haw kins, was commanded by Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, and immediately reported to Gen. Stevenson, near the front, who said to Col. Duer: " It is reported to me that our troops have effected a lodgment upon one angle of the fort and retain possession of it. You will move up and ascertain if this is correct, and, if true, you will open com munication with that force and render whatever assistance is re quired." As Lieut. Col. Duer s command advanced, he encountered the pickets of the enemy, which had been already restored to their position outside the works, and which immediately opened a sharp fire upon his force. He was, therefore, convinced that our troops held no part of the works, and, accordingly, in obedience to Gen. Stevenson s further order, proceeded to extend his line from the beach to the swamp, pressing back the enemy s pickets to the shel ter of their works so as to cover the men engaged in bearing off the wounded. While thus engaged, Col. Duer was approached by an officer of Gen. Gillmore s staff, who inquired why the line was not picketed. Col. Duer replied that he had received no orders to picket; that his instructions were, if he should find no force in possession of any part of the fort, to extend his line between the enemy and those engaged in bringing off the wounded. He was then ordered to advance a picket line nearer the enemy and to remain until regularly relieved. During the night, upon information being received by Gen. Ste- 174 HISTORY OF THE NINETY- SEVENTH REGIMENT. venson to the effect that many of our men still remained in posses sion of a portion of the fort, he ordered Lieut. Col. Duer to send an officer and ten men to reconnoitre the work. This was done by Lieut. CosgrifF, of Company F, who advanced close up to the slopes, but was compelled to retire by the fire of the enemy. His men, however, brought off a wounded officer of the 54th Mass., who was carried to the field hospital, near Light House Inlet. An additional detail of four companies, C, D, E and I, under command of Capt. Price, of Company C, was also ordered to report, without arms, to Gen. Stevenson, on the beach, near Fort Wagner. These companies were directed to gather up the wounded and carry them back to a point where the ambulances could come to convey them to the hospital. This duty was faithfully continued until daylight rendered it necessary for the men to retire beyond the range of the enemy s sharp-shooters. During the night, the enemy threw shot and shell continually over the ground where the men were seeking for the wounded, but no casualties occurred. The firing, however, so seriously frightened the ambulance drivers as to cause them to start off their teams at a run as soon as their load of \vounded soldiers was ready, regardless of the piercing cries of the poor sufferers. This was summarily and effectually stopped by sending an armed guard \vith each wagon, with orders to shoot the driver if he drove out of a walk. Gen. Stevenson, upon being ap prised of the responsibility assumed by the officer in command, gave his hearty approval of the order. He remained the entire night at the front, superintending in person and co-operating with the offi cers and men engaged in the removal of the wounded, manifesting an interest most commendable, being particularly anxious that every wounded colored soldier should be brought off, saying to Capt. Price: " You know how much harder they will fare at the hands of the enemy than white men." The search for the wounded during the early part of the night was pushed to the moat and slopes of the fort by our men, who lay on the ground and crept along under cover of the darkness and whatever irregularities of the ground might favor approach, listening for the groans of the wounded as a guide to find them, having to drag them along the ground to such shelter as permitted them to be carried away by others toward the rear. Instances of greater heroism observed in many cases on that night could hardly be realized outside such experiences among the brave men of the Army of the Republic. These deeds, though they 1863.] MORRIS ISLAND. SECOND ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. 175 remain unwritten, cannot be lost, for they are engraved upon an imperishable record where every action is noted. It was a sad and anxious night s work, never to be forgotten by those engaged in bear ing off the fallen ones from that thickly strewn field. Many sacred scenes and touching incidents filled the heart with sympathies, while the similarity of occasion in the midst of dead and dying comrades at the midnight hour, seemed to recall the beautiful lines of Rev. Charles Wolf, in the burial of Sir John Moore, causing the lips to move in spontanous utterance: "Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note, As his corse to the rampart we hurried; Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot O er the grave where our hero we buried. "We buried him darkly, at dead of night, The sod with our bayonets turning; By the struggling moonbeams misty light, And the lantern dimly burning. " And we knew by the distant random gun, That the foe was sullenly firing." The detachment, under command of Capt. Price, was engaged in the sacred mission of gathering up and bringing off their wounded and dying comrades, during the entire night. At daylight, it was ordered to rejoin the Regiment at the position occupied the previous evening, near the palisades, where it remained, as a part of the re serve force, during the 19th. By morning, the position occupied by Lieut. Col. Duer s force was found to be one of extreme peril and exposure. The men were compelled to seek shelter from the irregularities of the ground and by scratching holes in the sand with their hands and bayonets, having to lie close through the following day without chance of stirring from their positions. During the morning, several wounded soldiers, who had not been reached in the night, were seen trying to crawl toward the line. Rebel sharp-shooters commenced to fire upon them and some were bayoneted. A detachment of sharp shooters crawled forward and returned the fire with effect, causing the enemy to desist from such barbarism. Gen. Gillmore having asked for a cessation of hostilities, for the purpose of burying the 176 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ("July, dead, it was agreed to by the enemy and continued from 10 A. M. until 4 P. M. The remainder of the wounded were then brought in and the dead buried. At the hour named, firing again com menced from the iron-clad fleet, the forts, and along the entire line. Gen. Gillmore s official reports set down the loss as follows: Brig. Gen. George G. Strong s brigade, ten officers and twenty-two men killed; thirty-eight officers and four hundred and thirty-six men wounded; fifteen officers and three hundred and fourteen men missing. Total loss, sixty-three officers and seven hundred and seventy-two men; aggregate, eight hundred and thirty-five. Col. Haldimand S. Putnam s brigade, fifteen officers and twenty-two men killed; thirty-four officers and three hundred and fifty-seven men wounded; six officers and two hundred and six men missing. Total loss, fifty-five officers and five hundred and eighty-five men ; aggregate, six hundred and forty. Being a loss to the two brigades of one hundred and eighteen officers and thirteen hundred and fifty- seven men; aggregate, fourteen hundred and seventy-five. In addition to Gens. Strong and Seymour, the following staff offi cers were killed or wounded: 1st Lieut. Townsend S. Hatfield, 48th N. Y., acting signal officer, wounded; 2d Lieut. Stephen S. Stevens, 6th Conn , acting aid-de-camp, killed; both were officers of Gen. Sey mour s staff; Maj. John H. Filler,* 55th P. V., acting aid-de-camp *0n the day after the 97th P. Y. landed on Morris Island, Maj. John H. Fil ler, of the 55th P. V., visited the officers of the Regiment, at head-quarters, then established under a tent-fly among the sand hills. The day was excessively hot. The only shade to be found was the little square patch measured by the canvas upon the burning sand. A breeze from the seaward tempered a little the other wise scorching heat. The major remained to dine, or rather to lunch, on coffee, hard-tack and bacon, and, by his inimitable humor and originality, contributed a spicy dessert to the frugal meal, interspersing wit and mirthfulness that rendered less dreary the desert of the sand hills. Conversation turning upon the expected assault in the evening, the major avowed his determination to remain and see it out. Accordingly, when the advance was made, he accompanied the leading brigade to the front, as an aid to Gen. Strong. Dashing gallantly into the as sault, he gained the crest of the work with the leading force. He was soon favored with a nearer view of the rebel stronghold than was pleasant under the circumstances. A sally being made by the enemy, he was captured and taken inside, where (it is reported) his first .salutation was: "Got anything to drink in this hot climate, for I m dry." He did not remain a prisoner very long. Being exchanged, he returned to his command aud participated in subsequent operations with bis regiment, and was afterward promoted to lieutenant colone] and colonel of his reg ment. MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 177 to Gen. Strong, taken prisoner; Maj. Josiah G. Plympton, 3d N. II., acting assistant inspector general to Gen. Strong, wounded; Adjt. Alvan H. Libbey, 3d N. H., acting assistant adjutant general, killed, 2d Lieut. Edwin H. Ilickok, 76th P. V., acting signal officer, wounded. Of the number reported missing, most were sub sequently ascertained to be either killed or wounded.* The enemy reported that they had buried six hundred and ten of our men, in cluding Cols. Putnam and Shaw, who were buried where they fell upon the parapet. The enemy s loss was reported at about one hundred and twenty, killed, wounded and captured. At 11 P. M., on the 19th, Companies A, F and H were relieved by Col. Joshua B. HowelPs brigade and a portion of the 13th Ind., during which time the enemy opened fire again from Fort Wagner, when these companies rejoined the Regiment. It immediately after marched to the lower end of Morris Island and occupied the ground upon which it had bivouacked the night after landing upon the island. Some of the men of Col. Duer s command had been upon duty at the front for seventy-two hours. They soon threw themselves down and found their coveted rest in unbroken sleep for several hours. Here the camp of the Regiment was established, under shelter tents until the company tents and baggage were received from Seabrook Island. It was impossible to form the usual lines of streets, owing to the irregular shape of the ground between the high sand hills; the tents were, therefore, pitched in the most avail- * The hospitals on Morris Island were at this time in charge of Surgeon John J. Craven, U. S. Yols. (acting medical director in the absence of Surgeon Charles H. Crane, U. S. A.) He was ably supported by Dr. M. M. Marsh, agent of the Sanitary Commission, and by Miss Clara H. Barton, a most efficient co-worker in behalf of the suffering soldiers, who remained steadfastly at the post of duty during the entire siege. She afterward, in the spring of 1864, joined the Army of the James Maj. Gen. Butler having, at the instance of his chief medical officer, Surgeon Charles McCormick, U. S. A., acknowleged her past service?, appreciating her abilities, gave her a position which greatly enhanced her useful ness and enabled her to contribute largely to the welfare and comfort of the army in that year. Her presence at the base hospital of the 10th Corps at the Point of Rocks, Va., during the summer of 1864 was most gratefully appreciated by all who received the benefit of her services. In March, 1865, President Lincoln appointed her correspondent for the friends of paroled prisoners. She afterward organized a bureau of friends of missing men of the armies of the United States, at Washington, which proved of inestimable service. Her devotion to her work was unabated and unwavering. 12 178 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. able manner. The men soon had their bunks arranged, and were glad of comfortable shelter after being exposed so long. After the second disaster at Fort Wagner, Gen. Gillmore deter mined to accomplish, by regular lines of approach, the downfall of the rebel stronghold which had hitherto seemed so impregnable to assault. Lines of intrenchments were projected, upon which heavy details of men set to work digging trenches a.nd piling up walls of sand-bags, against which banks of loose sand were placed to form an impenetrable defensive line of approaches. The work was chiefly done at night, it being impossible to accomplish much pro gress by day, owing to the incessant fire of the rebel sharp-shooters. Night after night the work \vas persistently continued, under con stant fire of shot and shell from the enemy s batteries, and from the sharp-shooters, who neglected no opportunity to pick off or wound any who exposed sufficient portion of their person for a target to an unerring aim. The casualties were frequently ten or fifteen per day in killed or wounded. The number daily detailed for defence was one thousand, and for work upon the approaches from four to six hundred, the latter being on duty for ten or twelve hours. During the entire period, all fatigue and defence details were exposed to the enemy s batteries from James Island, Forts Johnson, Gregg, Sumter, Wagner and, later, of Fort Moultrie and another battery on Sullivan s Island. At intervals, during the siege, the iron-clad fleet would approach Forts Wagner and Sumter and open fire. For hours, the air re sounded with the roar of artillery and the crash of iron hail fall ing upon the impenetrable walls of the floating iron-clad batteries. While this continued, the men could work by day in the trenches, as the rebels were kept in close quarters by the shot and shell. At night, the heavy siege guns and mortars were hauled into po sition and mounted on the batteries as the work progressed, one hundred men being required to haul each gun and mortar, without its carriage (these being hauled separately), having large timber wheels or sling carts for the purpose. It was found impossible to manage teams of horses or mules so near the front, on account of the noise, within hearing of the enemy. It was, therefore, neces sary to make details of men for the purpose. The duty in the trenches required the troops to be arduously en gaged almost constantly during the siege, each regiment being detailed every alternate twenty-four hours. But the difficulties MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 179 attending the change of relief in the trenches, owing to the prox imity to the rebel works, whose guns shelled the approaches con tinually with grape and canister, at such times as it was thought likely these changes would be made, detained the men at the front often thirty-two or thirty-four hours, leaving but fourteen or sixteen hours for rest in camp before being again detailed. It was quite unusual to get back to quarters before 11 P. INT., supper having then to be prepared and eaten before getting to sleep, inarching again at 5 P. M., the next day, to the front, to be ready for the chances of returning safely into the trenches. This service was very wearing upon the men. Many were taken sick and rendered unfit for duty in consequence, but they generally maintained a cheerful, uncomplaining and commendable readiness to meet these requirements. One of the chief difficulties to be encountered was owing to the narrowness of the neck of land between our position and Fort Wagner whose front was more than ten times wider than the nar rowest portion over which the approaches must be built. It oc cupied the entire width of the island at the front where it stood, and was provided with a sluice gate entrance to the moat which retained the water admitted at the highest tide. Its garrison could receive supplies at all times without interruption, and reinforce ments could be thrown into it from Charleston and from Gen. Lee s entire army at short notice. The siege operations could be embar rassed, at all times, by a concentrated and cross fire, from six separate points, and a greatly superior force could at all times be thrown against any force that could be made available at the front, during the entire period of Gen. Gillmore s operations. One of the first measures of precaution against any sudden attempt of the enemy was the erection of a heavy line of inclined palisading across the island, about two hundred yards in advance of the line, with strong obstructions to render the position secure. A large bombproof magazine was constructed at a point within a short distance of the location of the first parallel, which was completed by July 23, within fourteen hundred yards of Fort Wagner. The second pa rallel was opened on the night of the 23d. with an average advance of from six to eight hundred yards beyond the first. At this point, every resource of engineering science was taxed to its utmost, in perfecting works of great strength, provided with bomb and splinter proofs as safe shelter for the men guarding the continued 180 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [July, BOMB AND SPLINTEK PKOOF. advance. This point of operations became the focus of a destructive, concentrated fire. Fort Sumter must now be re duced or silenced, as its plunging shot into the works was continual and most disastrous. The engineers com menced the erection of breeching batteries, to operate against Fort Sumter, on the night of July 25. The work was pushed forward with the utmost diligence day and night. Neither the heat of the tropical sun nor the shot and shell of a vigilant enemy were allowed to interfere with this work. The labor was terribly exhausting to the men, and the guard duty in the trenches was scarcely less oppres sive. These batteries occupied a position in the first and second parallels. Those on the western side of the island were known in all the siege operations as the Left Batteries. The battery in the first parallel mounted two rifled two-hundred- pounder Parrotts and two eighty-four-pounder "Whitworth guns, five eight-inch and five ten-inch siege mortars, and ten thirty-pounder Parrotts. These guns were all manned by a detachment of sailors from the fleet, under Com. Foxhall A. Parker, of the U. S. Navy. In addition to these was a regular battery manned by infantry. The distance of these guns from Fort Sumter was four thousand yards. In the batteries of the second parallel, named, respectively, Meade, Rosecrans and Brown, were mounted two two-hundred- pounder and five one-hundred-pounder Parrotts, at a distance of three thousand three hundred and thirty yards. The Left Batteries, forty-two hundred and forty yards from Fort Sumter, four in num ber, named Hays, Reno, Stevens and Strong, mounted one three- hundred-pounder and four twenty-pounder Parrotts. In rear of the first parallel and near the Beacon House were the siege guns already mentioned in the first bombardment of Fort Wagner, which were also used against Fort Sumter. Perhaps the most noted battery erected by our forces, in the ope rations upon Charleston, was the Swamp Angel, a description of which is given in ? future paragraph. MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 181 AIIMY SIGNAL TELEGUAPFI. After the completion of those works, the engineers continued to advance the approaches toward Fort Wagner. A second and larger maga zine was built at the second parallel, capable of storing an ample supply of powder for all the heavy guns. Adjoining it was a small bombproof, in which was placed an army tele graph instrument for communication with the general head-quarters. It was also occupied as the head-quarters of the field officer of the trenches, during the active operations of the siege. A watch was kept stationed on the top of the supply magazine, to give warning when the enemy s guns opened fire, by calling out the name of the enemy s work from which the shell was coining: "Johnson, cover," "Sumter, cover," "Wagner, cover," indicating to the men at work in the trenches from whence the danger was coming, when, for an instant, all would lie close to the bank, which afforded the best shelter from the splinters which soon came down in a shower over their heads. By this means, many lives and limbs were retained for continued service. Dodging the shells soon became an art that lost but little time from the work. About July 20, Lieut. Col. Uuer was ordered to St. Helena Is land, S. C., to take charge of the convalescent camp established at that place, where he remained in command until near the end of September following. The command of the Regiment then de volved upon Maj. Penny packer, who entered upon the arduous ser vice of the siege with his usual energy and unsparing devotion On July 21, the 97th Regiment was paid by Maj. J. O. Mason, paymaster U. S. V., for the months of May and June, 1863. On July 22, Capt. McConnell, of Company E, with the men in his charge, who had remained at Seabrook Island, arrived at Morris Island with the tents and baggage of the Regiment. At this time, Gen. Gillmore ordered a detail from each regiment of his army to proceed to the draft rendezvous of their respective States, to receive and conduct to the department such recruits, drafted men and substitutes as might be required to fill their depleted ranks to the maximum number. The roster of the 97th Regiment showed at this time a deficiency of two hundred and ninety men. 182 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [J^Y, For this service, Capts. D. W. C. Lewis, of Company F, and Caleb Hoopes, of Company G, with five men of the Regiment, were detailed with orders to proceed to the draft rendezvous, at Philadel phia. They left Morris Island, July 23, on the steamer Arago, which stopped off the entrance of Charleston Harbor to receive the several details which were sent out to the steamer on one of the steamtugs. On the morning of July 24, there was an exchange of w r ounded prisoners at Charleston. The hospital steamer Cosmopolitan, in charge of Lieut. Col. James F. Hall, 1st N. Y. Engineers, provost marshal general of the department, having on board Surgeon John J. Craven, Act g Med. Director Dep t, and thirty-nine wounded rebel prisoners, to be paroled for regular exchange, proceeded under a flag of truce to Charleston. They returned with one hundred and o *- five wounded Union men, who were then sent to the United States hospital, at Hilton Head, S. C. The enemy refused to deliver any of the wounded colored soldiers. Information was obtained that one hundred and eight wounded still remained in their possession, unable to be moved, and that fifty-one had died since being captured. A large number of amputations had taken place, some of which, doubtless, might have been saved by the surgeons of our army. On July 26, the brigade was inspected by Capt. William Pratt, acting assistant adjutant general, of Gen. Stevenson s brigade. He praised the appearance of the men of the 97th P. V., and noted the excellent condition of the guns, accoutrements, etc. During the day, at the front, the enemy shelled the lines so continuously that no fatigue parties could work upon the approaches. On the 28th, the land batteries and the iron-clad fleet bombarded the enemy s works throughout the day. The fire was returned from Forts Sumter and Johnson, but Forts Wagner and Gregg were kept silent by the fire. On the 29th, the Regiment received a supply of new A tents, which were greatly needed, the old ones having become torn and leaky from long use. About this time, the enemy opened a new battery on James Island, w r hich partially enfiladed our works, causing considerable annoyance. In addition to the casualties reported during July, five men were discharged, on surgeon s certificate of disability, and one, Corp. Thomas Cummins of Company E, died, of typhoid fever, July 29. 1863 -1 MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 183 By the 1st of August, 1863, the forces on Morris Island had been increased by the arrival of one brigade of Brig. Gen. George II. Gordon s division of the llth Corps, and on the 14th another brigade arrived, under the command of Brig. Gen. Alexander Schimraelfinnig, followed by other troops, until the reinforcements readied ten thousand men. Among them were the 74th P. V., organized by Gen. Schimmelfinnig, now commanded by Col. A. Von Hartung; the 174th P. V., Col. John Nyce, and the 176th P. V., Col. Amb. A. Lechler. The two latter were militia regiments, drafted for nine months service. They remained on duty at Hilton Head and Beaufort, and soon after returned to Pennsylvania and were mustered out about the middle of August. A portion of these troops had served in North Carolina and the remainder were from the Army of the Potomac. The addition of this force greatly relieved the troops, heavily overtaxed by the severity of the siege duty. Col. Guss was again assigned, on August 1, to the command of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th Corps, relieving General Israel Yogdes, who held the command for a short time, after Gen. Strong was wounded, in the assault upon Fort Wagner, and was now ordered to relieve Col. W. W. H. Davis in the command of the troops on Folly Island. Col. Guss established his head-quarters on the beach, about a mile nearer the front than the camp, at the sand bluffs, occupied by Gen. Stevenson s brigade. The 97th P. V. was now transferred to the first brigade, to the great satisfaction ot the entire command, although the period of service in Gen. Steven son s brigade had been rendered most pleasant by the kindness, courtesy and confidence of that accomplished officer. The 1st brigade was composed of the 97th P. V., 3d and 4th N. H., and the 9th Maine. The 3d United States colored troops, Col. Benja min C. Tilghman, was afterwards added to the brigade. Col. Guss appointed upon his staff the following officers: 1st Lieut. Henry W. Carruthers, adjt. 97th P. V., A. A. A. General; 1st Lieut. George F. Towle, 4th N. H. acting assistant inspector general; 1st Lieut. Roger W. Woodbury, 3d N. H., aid-de-camp; 1st Lieut. Frank J. Magee, 76th P. V., assistant quarter-master; Surgeon An drew J. II. Buzzell, 3d N. II., brigade surgeon. These officers, with the exception of Lieuts. Towle and Woodbury, had served previously upon the staff of Col. Guss. 2d Lieut. George B. Dyer, 9th Maine, relieved Lieut. Magee in a short time, the latter being ordered to re- 184 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, join his regiment at Hilton Head. Surgeon John R. Everhart, 97th P. V., relieved Surgeon Buzzell in September. The latter served subsequently as acting medical inspector of the 10th Corps, and died at Wilmington, N. C., March 28, 1865, of typhoid fever, while on duty attendant upon the exchange of prisoners. He was a most efficient officer, faithful and conscientious in the discharge of his duties, and beloved by all who had the opportunity to observe and appreciate his valuable services, both in the camp and the field. Lieut. James T. Skiles, Company B, was now detailed acting ad jutant of the Regiment, and continued to perform that duty during the remainder of the operations on Morris Island. On the evening of August 3, a scouting party, under the com mand of Capt. Lewis S. Paine, of the 100th N. Y., proceeded to explore the position of the enemy, advancing in two small boats, up Lighthouse Creek, Capt. Paine being in the advance boat and 1st Sergt. and acting Lieut. Henry Odiorne, of Company D, of the 97th P. V., with his brother, Corp. David Odiorne, and Privates Thomas Elliott, Joseph L. Eyre, William H. Griffith, Thomas Kel- ley, William McCarty, Joseph Russell and Isaac Sapp, of the same company, with the other, the object being also to picket the creek during the night. They had reached an old landing and were about going ashore, Capt. Paine and his men having already left their boat, when they were fired upon by a rebel force secreted behind the approach to the landing. At the first discharge, Sergt. Odiorne hastened toward the shore to assist Capt. Payne and party, but finding they were already captured, the picket boat pulled away from the shore again, when a volley of musketry was fired. Privates Joseph L. Eyre and Joseph Russell, of Company D, of the 97th P. V., were instantly killed in the boat, one sitting on each side of Sergt. Odiorne. Private Sapp was also wounded in the knee. With great presence of mind, Sergt. Odiorne jumped from his boat and pushed it out into the stream, at the same time order ing his remaining men to pull for their lives while he regained his position in the boat and thus escaped amid a shower of balls, bringing off their dead and wounded comrades. Capt. Payne and his force were all captured by the enemy. Company D was at this time on duty with other detachments, under command of Capt. Mendenhall, detailed as a guard to the engineer corps engaged in locating the famous battery, in the marshes of Lighthouse Creek, that became so widely known as the Swamp Angel, whose shell were 1863 ] MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 1 s ") the first to penetrate and fire the city of Charleston. This force was constantly on duty for eight days, chiefly engaged at night, patroling the numerous channels and bayous, to prevent the enemy from interfering with or gaining a knowledge of the work going on and to prevent their crossing to the left of Fort Wagner, from Fort Johnson on James Island, the channels being bridged by plank footways resting upon piles, affording communication under cover of night. This duty was hazardous and exposing, as was shown by the result of the night attack upon Capt. Paine s party, before nar rated. Other companies of the Regiment also furnished details for the construction force engaged in preparing material for and in the erection of the Swamp Angel Battery, which was commenced about August 4 and completed by the 19th. This work was located at a point selected in the swamp, accessible only at high water, and situate at a distance of eighty-eight hundred yards from Charleston. Upon sounding the marsh, a pole could be run down in the mud sixteen feet before coming to bottom. The superintendence of this work was assigned to a lieutenant of engineers, of whom the camp stories reported that, upon being shown the place where the battery was to be erected, said "The thing was impossible." The com manding officer, Col. Serrell, of the 1st N. Y. Engineers, replied: "There is no such word as impossible. The battery must be built at the point indicated." The doubting lieutenant was then told he had permission to make requisition for anything that might be re quired for the work. He at once made requisition upon the de partment quarter-master for one hundred men eighteen feet high to wade in mud sixteen feet deep. After making this requisition, he applied to the surgeon of his regiment to inquire whether he could splice the eighteen feet men if they were furnished him, for which piece of pleasantry the incredulous lieutenant found himself in arrest. He was, however, soon released and furnished with plans upon which men of ordinary stature soon commenced active opera tions. A huge raft of logs was constructed of the proper dimensions, firmly lashed together, the logs in double layers crossed and inter locked. This was floated at high tide, upon a favorable night, to the place selected, each corner was then made fast to a stake firmly fixed in the mud; boats accompanied the raft, laden with thousands of gunny bags filled with sand; these were laid over the entire surface of the raft, the weight gradually sinking it upon the level 186 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, THE SWAMP ANGEL BATTERY. mud bottom. Additional layers were added until the surface was raised above the reach of the highest tide ; then a double layer of heavy plank was laid down for a floor for the battery. Around the sides, walls of sand-bags were built up of twelve to fourteen feet in thickness and of sufficient height to afford ample protection. By daylight the next ^ . xsy^ ^^^i^ morning the work was =j so far completed as to be ready for the large gun intended for it. Rising like a huge monster from the sur face of the swamp, its frowning crest greeted the astonished gaze of the occupants of the rebel forts under whose guns it had silently grown up to its full clad completeness in a single night. Three brave men volunteered to remain in it the en suing day, having sufficient provisions and being heavily armed with Spencer repeating rifles, to prevent the work being captured and occupied by the enemy. The construction party retired as usual at daylight from the creeks in its vicinity, leaving the three men alone upon their long and perilous vigil. The enemy soon opened fire upon it from Forts Johnson, Sumter and Moultrie, keeping up an incessant cross fire of several hours duration, which, not being returned, finally ceased. The men were unhurt and the work received no material injury. The next night, the Swamp Angel, a two-hundred-pounder Par- rott gun, was successfully placed in position, and from that hour Charleston was at the mercy of its shot and shell. In consequence, however, of information received that the Union prisoners were placed by the rebel authorities in the places most exposed to its range, it was but little used during the siege and finally exploded at the thirty-sixth discharge. The third parallel was opened by means of the flying sap, at a distance of four hundred and fifty yards from Fort Wagner, on the night of August 9. A large roller made of bundles of withes con fined by iron bands was kept in advance of the men opening the sap. The work was thus rapidly carried forward. MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 1N7 At this time, Maj. G. Pennypacker was prostrated by illness, being attaekecl with intermittent fever, which kept him from active duty. The Regiment was now commanded by Capt. Isaiah Price, of Company C, the senior line officer. On the evening of August 11, the enemy opened on our lines with grape and canister shot, with the evident intention of prevent ing any change of the forces in the trenches, but alter a few hours they gave it up. The men then went quietly and safely to their places at the front. A similar fire was opened on the next evening, with the same result. On the 13th, 1st Lieut. F. J. Eachus, of Company C, returned from duty in the commissary department, at Beaufort, and was placed in command of a detail of sharp-shooters from the 97th P. V. The selection of the best marksmen for each company com posed the detail. They were stationed during the day near Fort Wagner, and remained on duty during the remainder of the siege. This service was both arduous and dangerous, and subjected the men to great exposure. On the 14th, five men of the Regiment were detailed to report to 1st Lieut. John McGrath, of Company E, acting regimental quarter master, under whose command they proceeded to Hilton Head, to bring forward the regimental baggage, stored at that place, under charge of Private E. Lane Scofield, of Company K. On the same date, while on fatigue duty at the front, the Regi ment was shelled by the rebels from 1 A. M. until 3 A. M., pre venting the men from work. At daylight, had a precarious time in getting safely to the rear, being exposed to the rebel fire. By August 17, all the heavy siege guns and the immense one- hundred and two-hundred-pounder batteries having all been suc cessfully placed in position, it was determined to open a concen trated fire upon Fort Sumter that morning. The enemy had shelled the lines during the entire night. At 1 A. M., they threw spherical case shot from Fort Wagner, no doubt anticipating a charge. The 97th P. V. was at the frorft when the bombardment by the land and naval forces commenced at 4 A. M. The men had the satis faction of seeing the first crash of the iron hail from the two- hundred-pound shot and shell upon the walls that, more than two years before, were the first to feel the dishonoring grasp of fratri cidal rebellion s successful assault. With what mingled emotions of satisfaction and regret they saw the clouds of smoke, dust and 188 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, rubbish flying before the storm of shot and shell, hurled from the guns of the land and naval forces, upon the devoted works. At length, the outraged honor of the flag and the national integrity were being vindicated upon the spot that witnessed the unnatural crime of their desecration. Every missile from the immense guns seemed a righteous retribution, terribly grand in its crushing effect. Loyal hearts now beheld the wielding of the nation s power typified as an effective force, as the crumbling walls of this boasted im pregnable fortress, gradually falling away, disclosed, at first, rough pits, jagged holes and defaced corners, and ere long the well- defined arches of the casemates, as the outer wall was penetrated. The firing was thereafter continued almost incessantly during each day. At night, the enemy filled in the breaches with sand-bags. Return firing was kept up from all the adjacent rebel works, and from Fort Sumter also. The casualties were, however, very slight, as the men were ordered to keep in the shelter of the bombproofs and trenches. During the afternoon of the 17th, a shell from Fort Sumter struck at the picket head-quarters, in the advance trenches, a splinter from which slightly wounded, in the head, Col. Joshua B. Howell, of the 85th P. V., in command of the forces at the front. Two of his aids were also w r ounded and the telegraph instrument broken. The guard at head-quarters were from the 97th P. V., but none were injured. On the third day after the commencement of the bombardment, it was observed, by the aid of a field glass, from the top of a high sand hill, that upon the southern face of Fort Sumter Jive casemates were uncovered. The southeast face was also riddled with pits and holes, but from the angle of observation the casemates could not be distinguished. Several times the flagstaff had been shot away. At length, a short pole was put up in one corner and the flag nailed to it. After the close of each day s firing, the mortar batteries threw shell occasionally, to keep working parties from repairing the breaches. The Swamp Angel Battery was ready to open fire upon Charles ton. Gen. Gillmore determined to summon Gen. Beauregard to abandon 1V1 orris Island and Fort Sumter before commencing the bombardment of the city. At noon, on Sunday, August 22, Lieut. Col. James F. Hall, provost marshal general, proceeded toward the enemy s lines, with a flag of truce, to deliver Gen. Gillmore s sum- 1863 -1 MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 18J) mnns. He passed up the beach to a point near the fort, where lie was met by a lieutenant of the enemy, who received the com muni- cation. During the conference, which lasted only a short time, the men on both sides came out into view of each other upon the ex posed sides of the respective lines, the men appearing like swarms of bees on the walls of Fort Wagner. The 97th P. V. was at this time at the front upon duty. The firing was immediately resumed after the return of the flag of truce. In the evening, a steamer appeared, coming out of Charleston Harbor with a flag of truce, and, upon continuing out beyond the lines, blank shot were fired across her bow to bring her to, but without effect. A solid shot then stopped her further progress. The Ironsides and Monitor advanced from the fleet and a conference had, but nothing definite was ascertained, beyond the fact of the refusal to comply with Gen. Gillmore s demand. It was a cause of great indignation that the steamer should be allowed to get so far out, and to remain in a position from which every part of the land operations and the extent and position of the force could be ob served. Gen. Gillmorc waited twenty-six hours in order to give Bcaure- gard opportunity to remove non-combatants from the city if such was his intention. He then gave directions for opening fire with the Swamp Angel, which threw its shell into the heart of the city, causing great consternation to its citizens and indignation on the part of Gen. Beauregard, who complained that no reasonable notice had been given of intention to open fire upon an inhabited city, and claimed that he was absent from the front when Gen. Gillmore s message was received. Gen. Gillmore maintained that due notice had been given and ample time afforded, and insisted that nothing had been done contrary to the laws and customs of war. A Charleston paper thus describes the effect of the shell: "Be tween one and two o clock, on Tuesday morning, the enemy com menced firing on the city, arousing our people from their slumbers. Twelve eight-inch shell fell into the city, thirteen in all havin been fired. Fortunately, no persons were injured. Several shell flew in the direction of St. Michael s steeple, and fell cither in the vacant lots in the burnt district, on King Street, or more generally struck in the centre of the streets, as exhibited at the corner of Queen and Rutledge Streets, where an eight-inch shell tore up the plank road and dug a large hole in the ground. Another shot en- 190 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, tered a warehouse, at the corner of Hayne and Church Streets, entering the roof and exploded in the upper story, making a large opening in the back wall of the medical purveyor s storehouse, next door, and scattering things in great confusion. Some loose straw or packing was set on fire, which caused the alarm bells to ring and brought out the firemen. (We could distinctly hear these bells on Morris Island.) Four shell fell in this locality. One large piece was picked up and exhibited at the guardhouse, where it was the subject of much curiosity." At 10 P. M., on the 17th, the enemy sallied out from Fort Wagner and charged upon the sappers and miners at work in their front. They, however, only succeeded in driving the pickets a few yards and did not interrupt the work, as the reserve forces soon after reoccupied the ground. About this time, the firing was very severe and many casualties occurred. The work upon the approaches had, in the meantime, progressed steadily. A heavy northeast storm, on the 18th and 19th, with an unusually high tide, filled the trenches and washed down the third parallel. This was soon restored and a fourth parallel opened, on the night of the 21st, three hundred yards from the fort. The work had now to be done entirely at night, owing to the vigi lance of the sharp-shooters in the spurs and rifle pits outside the fort, who embraced every opportunity to pick off the men. On the night of the 21st, three men of the 97th P. V. were slightly wounded, by spent grape shot while on duty in the trenches; Privates Francis Hoffman, Company C, in the foot; Harmon B. Cloud, Company D, and Thomas Evans Brown, Com pany F, both in the shoulder. During the week, the Regiment lost nine men killed and twenty-five wounded. Some others, slightly injured, were not reported. Corp. Wilbur Flannery, of Company D, who had been detailed as clerk at post head-quarters, at Hilton Head, since March 15, 1863, now returned to the Regiment for duty. He was detailed at head-quarters of Col. Guss brigade upon his return to camp. On the night of the 24th, while the 97th P. V. was in the trenches at the front, supporting the batteries on the left, the pickets had a sharp skirmish with those of the enemy, in which the latter lost a number of men. None of our men were seriously wounded. The enemy seemed impressed, by the severity of the skirmish movements of the 97th P. V., that an assault was contemplated upon the fort 1868 -1 MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 191 The batteries on James Island opened one of their hottest fires upon the flank, occasioning some casualties to our men. The firing, how ever, gradually ceased. Private Riley Patterson, of Company J), received a concussion, from a cannon ball striking his musket in his hands, from which he died soon after. The night proved one of the stormiest ever experienced. The rain poured down in torrents. The patience and endurance of the men was tried to the utmost, but no complaint was made by any. About one hundred yards in front of the fourth parallel a sand ridge 1 crossed the island, behind which the enemy s sharp-shooters also found safe shelter, and prevented further extension of the sap by the engineers and miners. To secure and hold the ridge became the next step. An assault was determined upon, for the night of the 26th, when the 24th Mass., under Col. Francis A. Osborn, made a successful charge upon the position, with the bayonet, killing and wounding about a dozen of the enemy and capturin^ the entire force, numbering tw r o lieutenants and seventy-one men, all of the 61st N. C The movement was supported by the 97th P. V., which moved up and occupied the line from which the 24th Mass, advanced. At the first alarm, the enemy s guns opened a brisk fire, which killed 1st Lieut. James A. Perkins, of the 24th Mass., and two men of Company I, and wounded eight others of that regiment. Shovels were placed in the hands of the prisoners, who were compelled to dig to protect themselves from the fire of their own men. Upon gaining this important point, work was at once commenced upon the fifth parallel within two hundred yards of Fort Wagner, under direction of Capt. Joseph Walker, of the 1st X. Y. Engineers, who, as soon as the work upon the fifth parallel was fairly under way, started a flying sap toward Fort Wagner, and advanced it nearly seventy-five yards before daylight, under a hot fire of musketry and artillery. During the proress of this work, the sappers found several torpedoes which the enemy had planted in front of Fort Wagner. One of them becomin"- de tached, fell into the sap, and exploded within a few feet of Capt. Walker, burying him in the sand to the waist. He was stunned by the concussion for a few minutes, but was not otherwise injured. Ten of these infernal machines were discovered. One or two ex ploded without doing any injury. They were in shape double cones, joined at the base, formed of sheet iron and containing forty or fifty pounds of powder, designed to explode by pressure upon a 192 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, plunger with percussion cap, so adjusted as to be sprung by a step upon a small board or other hard substance, at the surface of the ground, in contact with the plunger. Mortars from the rear bat teries were now moved forward to the fifth parallel and placed in position. Beyond this point, the approaches were simply zigzag, making very sharp angles, the ground being insufficient for opening- other parallels. The island, at this point, being only twenty-five yards wide, at high water mark, and only two feet above it, the high tides swept across in rough weather to the marsh beyond. From the time that the large two-lmndred-pounder siege guns had been placed in position, the firing upon Fort Sumter had been constantly maintained from sunrise until sunset each day, while the work upon the approaches to Fort Wagner also progressed steadily. The effect of the heavy shot and shell upon the walls of Fort Sum ter, as already stated, began to be apparent after the first few days ; gradually the arches of the casemates became visible as the outer wall crumbled away before the accurate range of the heavy guns. The breaches were, however, filled at night with sand-bags by the enemy. The effect of the firing was watched with great interest by the officers and men upon guard duty in the trenches on Morris Island. By the aid of field glasses, the shot could be followed from the gun on its way until it was lost in the cloud of dust caused by its crash ing against the sides of the fort. Several of the heavy siege guns burst with terrible effect during the siege. Many were killed and wounded and many narrow escapes occurred. Upon one occasion the 97th P. V. occupied the line of keeps, in rear of the two hun dred-pounder batteries, ready for defence of the guns and the advance working parties against assault from the fort. The keeps, being arranged in successive parallels, within a few yards of each other, afforded shelter for two companies each. About noon, the gun on the left flank of the battery exploded, killing one and wounding several of the men who were working it. The immense breech of the gun was hurled backward, just grazing over the crests of the keeps, crushing in the fourth and falling close to the fifth keep. Capt. Price, commanding Eegiment, had left the fourth keep a few minutes before it was crushed in at the spot occupied as the regi mental head-quarters. It so happened that the men were a few feet apart, but did not entirely escape the crash, which destroyed several muskets. A number of men were buried with debris of the keep. 1863.] MOKRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. They soon scrambled out, happy to got off so well. Capt. Price had gone to the head-quarters of the field officer of the trenches, Col. Louis Bell, and was standing with that officer upon the lookout, within a few yards of the battery, observing the effect of the firing. Both were struck by the grains of unexploded powder thrown off from the gun by the explosive force, causing a severely stinging sensa tion. They hastened to the spot to ascertain the injury to the men, and to render assistance to the wounded. The gun carriage and for ward part of the gun remained in position ; the huge breech had FORT SU.MTKH AFTKK TIIK BOMBARDMENT. taken a backward career, as described, while around the gun car riage lay three wounded men, who were receiving the prompt atten tion of their comrades who escaped unhurt. Upon another occasion, the Regiment being on duty at the front, near the guns of the third parallel battery, an officer and several of the men had taken position on the right flank of the guns to watch the effect of tbe firing. Being called to supper, the summons was immediately obeyed. Within ten minutes, a fearful explosion was heard and clouds of dense smoke told of another gun giving way under the strain of incessant firing. The officer returned to the spot he had just left to find the whole traverse of the work, upon whicb he and his men were lying a few minutes before, cut away by the immense fragment of the gun that had been thrown off and was lying just beyond deeply buried in the sand. Two men were lying beside the gun carriage fearfully mangled; one was dead and the other could not live beyond a few hours Poor 13 194 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, fellows ! only a few moments before, their voices had answered to the call of duty as they passed the charge into the deep-mouthed guns. Both were silent now forever. These incidents were of frequent occurrence, yet the men never flinched from duty or failed to stand by their guns, regardless of all consequence or danger. Upon one occasion several solid shot passed through the walls of the parallels. One of these struck the bombproof in which the men of Company A were sheltered. The rifles of Sergt. William L. Morris and Private B. Frank King were struck by a splinter and the stocks shattered. The waist-belt plate was torn from Sergt. Jervis J. Ru dolph s body without injuring him. Upon another occasion, four solid shot passed through a sand-wall shelter, entering close to men of Companies A, C, D and F, without doing any injury. About the same time, a shell cut its way through at a point occupied by Company D. Capt. Price, in command of the Regiment, was sitting against the bank, about four feet from one of the men. The shell passed between them, burying both and several others under the sand-bags, and then dropped about A KE6FECTFUL SHELL. tWent 7 ^ ^ ^ ** d WIS Aspect- fill enough not to explode or those near it would have fared much worse, no doubt. One night, after the usual force had been posted, an additional detail reported to Col. Guss, commanding brigade, for assignment to duty. The line was to be advanced. His staff officers not having returned from posting other details, Col. Guss went to the front with this himself. The night was very dark. The force had not advanced very far before the enemy s pickets opened on them, killing and wounding several of the men before they could find cover. One was killed behind the colonel and others were wounded on each side of him. He had a very narrow escape. On August 25, the 85th P. V. relieved the 97th P. V. at the front. During the next day, the enemy fired less than usual, but toward evening a most extraordinary result was occasioned by one of their mortar shells, fired from James Island, which fell and exploded in one of the parallels where nine soldiers of the 85th P. V. had col lected and were sitting in a close group. Seven were killed in stantly; the two others so badly wounded that they died in a short 1863 -] MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 195 time. Parts of their bodies, clothing, equipments and broken guns were scattered in all directions. Another account of this affair stated that the shell struck the head from a man lying asleep in the trench, entered the ground without exploding, and that the others ran up to their comrade, thinking he had been killed by a solid shot; almost immediately the shell exploded with the above result. On August 31, Lieut. Col. Henry A. Purvianee, 85th P. V., was killed in the trenches, before Fort Wagner, by the premature ex plosion of a shell fired from one of our own batteries. This loss was greatly deplored, as he was a most excellent officer and greatly beloved by all who knew him. The 97th P. V. was at the front in the trenches at the time, supporting the battery. The lines were so near to each other that hand grenades were thrown by the enemy into the trenches to drive us from them. Many were killed and wounded from time to time, but each man remained at his post of duty unflinchingly. While the Regiment was at Morris Island, the Central Aid So ciety, of West Chester, contributed largely to the needs of the nu merous sick, for which it received the thanks of all, coming at a time when especially needed. The sick list was largely on the increase, owing to the excessive heat and the arduous nature of the almost constant service in the trenches, The best sanitary observances to promote the health of the men, thorough discipline, cleanliness, etc., were strictly enforced. Yet only those who have realized what it is to be kept closely confined, day and night, in a narrow, wet ditch, with the mercury ranging from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five degrees, constantly subject to heavy fire from the enemy, while toiling with shovels for hours together, can fully appreciate the reason why men could not remain strong and well and always Jit for duty. About the end of August, Lieut. Col. Augustus C. Hamlin, U. S. A., medical inspector of the department, made a tour of the camps upon Morris Island, making a careful inspection. His report stated that "Unless Fort Wagner should soon fall, the troops would not be in a condition to longer prosecute the siege, and that a third as- siult would be more economical of life than the continuance of ope rations for any length of time with present losses." During the siege on Morris Island, a general court-martial was convened by Special Order No. 15, from Gen. Terry s head-quarters, 196 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, for the trial of such urgent cases as might be brought before it. Of this court, Brig. Gen. T. G. Stevenson was President. Capt. I. Price, of the 97th P. V., was detailed as a member. The officers detailed were notified that they were excused from attendance at the court, when their regiments should be on duty at the front. The court continued its sessions each day with such officers as were not on duty at the trenches. During August, three men of the regiment were discharged 011 surgeon s certificate of disability, four men died of disease, and two were killed. The weather was excessively hot in the daytime, while at night a cool breeze generally set in from the sea. A large number of men were sick in the different commands. Of the discharged men, Privates William S. Renshaw, of Com pany B, and Edward R. Showalter, of Company C, being excessively prostrated, by chronic diarrhoea, and helpless, two men of the Regi ment were detailed to accompany them to the transports, and, being furnished with passes for the purpose, were directed to remain with them as long as possible, in order to see them safely reshipped and started north. The commander of the Regiment also personally assisted in getting them started in the ambulances, to see that they had every advantage of favorable influences and to encourage them to keep up their spirits with the hope of a speedy return to home and friends. But, alas! these influences were destined to follow them but a little way. The men appointed to accompany them were riot allowed to remain upon the hospital boat, and were rudely thrust from it while endeavoring to secure the comfort of their comrades. These had to take their chances with the hundreds crowded upon the steamer. There being an entirely inadequate number of attendants, those most debilitated, of course, suffered most. Of their sufferings and privations there has come no voice to tell. They were never heard of alive again nor has there a trace of them or their effects, papers, etc., been recovered. They rest in the silence of unknown graves and their mourning friends are de nied the sad consolation of knowing the places of their burial. It was reported that they both died at Beaufort, and were there buried, but no authenticated confirmation of the report could be obtained. Every effort has been made, both by their families and by the offi cers of the Regiment, to obtain some accurate information con cerning them, but without success. An indefinite report, by a member of the Regiment, to the effect that Showalter s grave was MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 197 seen at Beaufort, S. C., with the date of death, September 9, 1863, is the only information that gives any clue to the sad certainty that they died without a friend near to minister to their comfort, or to receive and convey the last message of love* to their dear ones. Nor is the fear that they were robbed of their valuables and papers altogether unfounded, when it is known that nothing was ever forwarded to their Regiment or friends, the address of both of which were obtainable from the discharge and other papers upon their persons. The Regiment being at the front, on duty in the trenches, on September 1, Privates Joseph Ray and Thomas Mclntosh, of Com pany G, were wounded slightly, both in the head; the latter in the forehead. On September 2, the 97th P. V. moved its camp to join the other regiments of Col. Guss brigade, near the signal station. On the evening of the 2d, the Regiment went to the front and occupied the fourth parallel, Companies A and F being advanced to the firth parallel, the extreme front. The rebels threw grape and canister from Fort Wagner, and shell from the James Island batteries, and cohorn mortar shells from the lines near Fort Wagner, the near ap proach of the last sap lines causing them to feel that their works were in imminent danger. Private George W. Cook, of Company F, was killed early on the morning of the 3d, by a shell from Fort Wagner. Several others were slightly wounded, and Private Harman B. Cloud, of Company D, in the shoulder, severely. On the night of the 5th, the Regi ment was again on duty in the fifth parallel, returning in the morn ing to the shelter of the bombproofs, near the two-hundred-pounder batteries. The approaches had by this time reached so near Fort Wagner that the sand of the last embankment, for the seventh parallel, as the men threw it up, slid into the moat that bordered the fort. During this tour of duty, on the 5th, Corp. John O Brien, of Company E, received a shell wound in left hip, and Private Patrick Grant, of Company E, was also slightly wounded in the leg. On the evening of September 6, the brigade was inspected by Capt. Richard H. Jackson, 1st U. S. Art y, Insp. Gen. of Dep t, and reviewed on the beach by Col. Guss and staff. The 97th P. V. occupied the right of the line. Lieut. Lemaistre, of Company II, who had received a sick leave 198 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, of absence, about the middle of July, rejoined the Regiment on the 6th, fully restored to health and resumed command of his company. The land and naval batteries had kept up a constant fire upon Fort Wagner, during September 5 and 6. The heavy siege guns on Morris Island also directed a constant fire upon the walls of Fort Sumter each day since they were mounted, the heavy masses of metal thrown against it by the siege guns and the fleet, operating steadily and surely to the ultimate destruction of the solid masonry. The enemy, however, continued to build up the breaches during the night with sand-bags. Having completed his approaches to Fort Wagner, Gen. Gillmore, on the evening of September 6, as sembled, at Gen. Terry s head-quarters, the brigade and regimental commanders, in order to give personal instructions to each officer, explain the position his command would occupy in the assault, to be made the next morning, and the duty expected of each: I. The troops were to march to the trenches at 1 A. M. and to occupy the immediate front, closing well up in the trenches, so as to have the whole force as near as possible to the fort. II. Gen. Stevenson s brigade was to be ready to advance by the beach, to the right, at the signal, having axemen prepared to cut away the palisades, then to gain the rear of the fort and, from the crest of that side, aid in keeping the rebels in their bombproof shelter, to which the naval and land batteries, by a continued fire up to the moment of the assault, should drive them. III. To Col. Guss brigade, the 1st, was assigned the assault upon the main front of Fort Wagner. The 97th P. V. to lead the advance, to gain the crest of the fort, over the bombproof, and from that position to open fire upon the entrances to the bombproof shelter to keep the enemy from getting out. IV. Col. W. W. H. Davis brigade was to advance upon the left, to turn the flank of the works on the side toward James Island. V. The fire of the gunboats and batteries was to open at daylight and continue without cessation until 9 A. M., when it was to cease the instant a red signal flag should be run up on the earthworks at the front, an instantaneous advance of the entire force to be made, in accordance with these orders, so as to secure a footing upon the crest of the fort before any large number of the enemy could get out from the shelter. At the hour appointed, the troops had marched to the front and were quietly closing up in the trenches. The newly risen moon L868.] MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 199 KORT WAGNER, SEA FRONT. cast just enough light to make the scene impressive as the silently moving masses of troops filed into their places. A report was soon passed from the right that the rebels had evac uated the fort Two men now volunteered to reconnoitre. They crossed the moat in safety, mounted the crest and found the place deserted. Gen. Terry then ordered an immediate advance upon Fort Gregg, in the order pre viously indicated for Fort Wagner. The Regiment marched in column by division: Gen. Stevenson s brigade on the right, Col. Guss in the centre and Col. Davis on the left, with a line of skirmishers in the advance. The distance to I?ort Gregg, three- quarters of a mile, was soon passed, each moment expecting to meet the crash of iron hail from the enemy, behind the lines of his last defence on the island, but the advance was unchecked. The skirmishers scaled the earthworks and the leading regiments planted their colors on the walls of Fort Gregg. A few straggling prisoners were captured and a boat with fifty or sixty rebels was intercepted by a force sent through Lighthouse Creek to be in readiness for any attempt to escape after the assault. A few horses of little value had also been left behind. Before daylight, the troops were ordered to retire to the camp, leaving a sufficient force to garrison Forts Wagner and Gregg. The engineers set immediately to work to reverse the fronts of those works, fatigue parties being detailed to complete the work without delay. The condition of the bombproofs, in and around the forts, were wretchedly filthy and noisome in the extreme. Unburied and half- buried soldiers were lying in, and in rear of Fort Wagner, it being evident that the fire of the bombardment had been effective also in preventing the men leaving their shelter, for any purpose, while it lasted. The accumulation of filth rendering the place most offen sive, the shelters had to undergo a thorough cleansing before the men would remain in them, preferring to risk the shot and shell of the enemy rather than endure their filth. There were quite a number of Belgian rifles left in Fort Wagner. One large siege gun was dismounted; several smaller ones, a few 200 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, howitzers and cohorn mortars were uninjured, No ammunition, and but a small amount of stores of any kind were found. The ground, in front of the approaches to the works, was thickly planted with torpedoes, from which several casualties occurred before the men could be prevented from passing over them. A guard was set to keep the men from that part of the ground, and de tails set to work to take them up. It was found that the outer edge of the moat, at Fort Wagner, was hedged by a row of lances and spears, with long hickory handles, set firmly in the bank close together, forming chevaux-de-frise of hooks and blades of steel. The material, light and strong, in the darkness was hardly perceptible, but impossible to pass without being impaled upon the points, if the men had jumped down the sides of the moat, the bottom of which was also covered with planks, into which long sharp spikes had b een driven, leaving the points standing up two or three inches, to pierce the feet of the men attempting to cross the ditch. These were the most devilish contrivances ever set around a fort as a military defence. The rebels opened fire upon Forts Wagner and Gregg as soon as it was light enough for them to see that our troops were in possession, and maintained the fire during the day from Forts Johnson, Sumter and Moultrie. On the evening of September 10, the 97th P. V. was detailed to occupy the lines at Forts Wagner and Gregg, Capt. I. Price being designated as field officer of the trenches, having been placed on the roster of officers in command of regiments, from which these details were made, in consequence of the limited number of general officers present, requiring the officers in actual command of regi ments to perform the duties of a brigade commander. The follow ing communication, from the acting assistant adjutant general making the detail, may serve to show the exigencies of the service at that time: HEAD-QUARTERS, IST BRIGADE, MORRIS ISLAND, Sept. 10, 1863. CAPTAIN : Pursuant to instructions from post head-quarters, I have the honor to announce you as Field Officer of the Trenches for to-night. Your details come from the 97th P. V., 9th Maine, 3d N. H. and 4th N. H., in all eight hundred men. You are compelled to go on, for the reason that there is no field officer for duty in this brigade, MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. except Maj. Pcnnypacker, who is certainly not fit (on account of illness). 1 know you have been worked hard, but you are a staunch old "TFar Horse," and "Everybody knows it." You can have my horse, provided you don t permit the rebels to kill him. Very hastily, your obedient servant, H. W. CARRUTHERS, A. A. A. General. While posting the forces, at Fort Wagner, at dusk, a boat was observed in the channel, near the western end of the fort. Capt. Price directed Sergt. Beaver, of his company, whom he had just placed in charge of the guard stationed there, to hail the boat and ascertain its purpose. Some one in it answered, giving the counter sign in a loud call that might be heard a considerable distance on the side occupied by the enemy. The boat was peremptorily ordered ashore. Capt. Price having to continue with the forces being posted along the line, directed the sergeant to enforce the order, if neces sary, by firing across the bow of the boat if there was any attempt to disregard the order; to fire into it if it should attempt to escape; to arrest the person giving the countersign improperly, and to hold him until his return, permitting the boat to pro ceed in charge of the remaining persons with it, if their purpose should be found to be duly authorized. Before proceeding further, Capt. Price availed himself of the opportunity to telegraph to Gen. Terry, from Fort Wagner, stating what had occurred, supposing it quite possible that the person whose arrest he had ordered might outrank him and prove a formidable prisoner on his hands. Upon returning to Fort Wagner, two hours later, he was somewhat re lieved and gratified in finding the following telegram from Gen. Terry : HEAD-QUARTERS, Sept. 10, 1863. CAPT. PRICE: Your prompt and decided action has my full approbation. You will keep the officer mentioned under arrest until morning, and then send him here. By signal telegraph, GEN. TERRY. The prisoner under guard was ascertained to be a sergeant of the 10th Conn , in charge of a picket boat, who had, without re- 202 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, flection, improperly used the countersign, as the answer, when hailed, instead of more quietly giving his name, rank and object, or, as is usual, coming ashore at the challenge of the guard. He was considerably alarmed at finding himself in custody, and was painfully conscious of the error he had thoughtlessly made, and anxious as to the consequences. Feeling sorry that an apparently good soldier should be dealt with summarily for his thoughtless offence, Capt. Price, when sending him to Gen. Terry s head quarters, sent a note to that officer, giving a more full explanation of the circumstances, as favorably stated as possible, and asking that he be dealt with as leniently as the case would permit. Also, when reporting to Gen. Terry, the next day, when being relieved from duty, he again made the same request. The sergeant, after an admonition to be more careful in the future, was, in a short time, released from custody, and returned to duty more fully impressed with the gravity of his incautiousness than he would have been by any more harsh or severe punishment. Companies A, F, D, I, H and G, of the 97th P. V., occupied Fort Gregg, under command of Capt. F. M. Guss. Companies B, C, E and K held Fort "Wagner and the line of pickets between the forts, under command of Capt. McConnell, of Company E. The rebels shelled the position during the evening most vigor ously. Soon after the guards were posted in Fort Wagner, Private David H. Gunkle, of Company C, was mortally wounded by a shell from Fort Johnson, a fragment crushing the left shoulder and enter ing the left groin, fracturing the thigh, being in a sitting posture when struck. He died soon after reaching the hospital, at about 12 o clock, midnight. Private Jacob B. Talbot, of Company A, was also wounded, on the same evening, at Fort Gregg, by a frag ment of a shell, in the fleshy part of the left hip. He was sent to the regimental hospital. He recovered and returned to his com pany in about two months. The Regiment was relieved from duty at the front at 7.30 P. M., on the llth, and returned to camp for a short period of rest. On September 12, the Regiment was inspected, on the beach, by Capt. George F. Towle, 4th N. H. Vols., brigade inspector, on the staff of Col. Guss. On the same date, orders were issued, from department head quarters, for two per cent, of the troops to have furloughs granted for thirty days, the men selected to be those recommended on ac- 1863 -J MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 203 count of distinguished and meritorious services during the siege and who had been present in action with their commands. In many instances, it was a difficult matter to determine the most deserving where all had served so faithfully. The selections, however, gene rally met the approval of the enlisted men of the Regiment. It is regretted that no list of the names of the men who received these furloughs has been preserved. Sergt. Richard B. Moore, of Company C, was at this time de tailed to act as commissary sergeant of the Regiment during the absence of Com. Sergt. Thomas McKay, who had received a fur lough for thirty days. During the remainder of September, the Regiment was continu ally upon duty at the front, under fire, either upon picket or fatigue work upon the new batteries. The weather was mostly quite stormy and disagreeable, on account of the cold eastern wind. The equinoctial gales prostrated the tents, rendering the camp dilapi dated and comfortless; the efforts of the men to restore them to order were often frustrated by the loose sand affording insufficient hold for the tent pins with such a gale tugging at the cords. The sand was drifted about like ridges of snow. Brig. Gen. T. G. Stevenson, in whose brigade the 97th P. V. served during a portion of this campaign, being prostrated by chills and fever, about September 14, received a leave of absence for a short time. He subsequently returned to the department and con tinued upon duty until the beginning of 1864, when he was ordered to the Army of the Potomac and assigned to the command of a di vision in Gen. Burnside s corps, with which he served with distin guished gallantry in several important actions and was killed, in action, at Spottsylvania Court House, Va., on May 10, 1864. Gen. Stevenson was the first colonel of the 24th Mass., having recruited and organized that regiment in September, 1861, and was pro moted to brigadier general, U. S. Vols, March 14, 1863. He was a man of great earnestness of character and action, of fine culture and generous nature, an accomplished officer, devoted to the service of his country, which, by his death, lost one of its most efficient de fenders. Soon after the occupation of Forts Wagner and Gregg, Gen. Gillmore issued the following complimentary order to his troops en gaged in the arduous duties that secured this unparalleled advance in siege operations : 204 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, DEPARTMENT OP THE SOUTH, HEAD-QUARTERS IN THE FIELD, MORRIS ISLAND, S. C., September 15, 1863. General Orders : It is with no ordinary feeling of gratification and pride that the Brigadier General Commanding is enabled to congratulate this Army upon the signal success which has crowned the enterprise in which it has been engaged. Fort Sumter is destroyed. The scene where our country s flag suffered its first dis honor you have made the theatre of one of its proudest triumphs. The fort has been in the possession of the enemy for more than two years, has been his pride and boast, has been strengthened by every appliance known to military science, and has defied the assaults of the most powerful and gallant fleet the world ever saw. But it has yielded to your courage and patient labor. Its walls are now crumbled to ruins, its formidable batteries are silenced, and, though a hostile flag still floats over it, the fort is a harmless and helpless wreck.* Forts Wagner and Gregg works rendered memorable by their protracted resistance and the sacrifice of life they have cost have also been wrested from the enemy by your persevering courage and skill, and the graves of your fallen comrades rescued from desecration and contumely. You now hold in undisputed possession the whole of Morris Island, and the city and harbor of Charleston lie at the mercy of your artillery from the very spot where the first shot was fired at your country s flag, and the rebellion itself was inaugurated. To you the officers and soldiers of this command and to the gallant Navy which has co-operated with you, are due the thanks of your Commander and your Country. You were called upon to encounter untold privations and dangers; to undergo unremitting and exhausting labors; to sustain severe and disheartening reverses. How nobly your patriotism and zeal have responded to the call the results of the campaign will show, and your commanding general gratefully bears witness. Q. A. GILLMORE, Official: Brig. Gen. Commanding. ED. W. SMITH, Asst. Adjt. Gen. On the 17th, the Regiment reoccupied Forts Wagner and Gregg and the adjacent shore lines of picket, and were detailed again for the same service on the 19th. The enemy kept up a steady fire upon Fort Wagner, during each tour of duty. * Fort Sumter was abandoned by the enemy on the night of February 17, 1865, and occupied by the Union forces on February 18. The national flag was again unfurled from its flagstaff at 9 A. M., on that day, by Maj. I. A. Hennes sey, by order of the commandant of Morris Island, and, on April 14, 1865, the old flag, which Maj. Anderson had borne away when he surrendered the fort to the enemy, was again flung to the breeze by the gallant Gen. Anderson, in the presence of a large number of official personages, army officers and citizens. The view of the interior of the fort, given on the opposite page, indicates its ap pearance at the restoration of the flag by Maj. Gen. Anderson, in 1865. 1863.] MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. About September 23, Maj. Pennypacker, having for several weeks been entirely unfit for duty, on account of illness, received a leave of absence for twenty days, it being bis first absence from the Regi ment since entering the service. Lieut. S. V. Black, of Company K, also received a leave of absence, on account of sickness, and ac companied Maj. Pennypacker to Pennsylvania. Lieut. Col. Duer received a sick leave of absence soon after and returned home from St. Helena, and rejoined the Regiment after an absence of twenty- eight days. On September 24, there was a grand review of all the troops, on Morris Island, by Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, who had just received promotion for his successful operations on Morris Island, in honor of which a salute of thirteen guns was fired by the land batteries. Twenty-two regiments passed in review, beside the artillery regi ments and batteries. The 97th P. V., now commanded by Capt. Price, being the first regiment in the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps, took position, at 8 A. M., on the right of the line, upon the beach, opposite the camp of the Regiment. Attended by his brilliant staff, Gen. Gillmore appeared after the salute had been fired and rode down the line, the bands playing, cF^^^^^ INTERIOR OF FORT 8CMTER. drums rolling and colors dipping, the entire line presenting arms. The troops were in splendid condition, which the general did not fail to observe, as he closely inspected the ranks. The artillery attracted especial attention. After the return by the rear rank, the general proceeded to a position opposite the centre, when Gen. Terry, placing himself at head of the division, gave the command to form column by companies. The troops then passed in review before the commanding general, preceded by the bands of the dif- 206 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, ferent brigades. The marching was excellent. The war-worn veterans moved in even front and steady lines, in accurate step, under the eye of their general, who failed not to bestow his ad miration upon their proficiency in the march, as well as the valor he had already proved during the long, arduous and successful siege. In the afternoon, the Regiment was detailed for fatigue duty at Fort Gregg. Rebels shelled the men incessantly, both in Forts Wagner and Gregg. One shell struck a gun carriage in Fort Wagner and wounded four men. Four men were killed, in Fort Gregg, during the previous night, by a shell from Fort Moultrie. The Regiment returned to camp at 5 P. M. On the night of September 24, apprehending an attack from the enemy, in boats from Charleston, the troops in camp were called up at 2 A. M. and required to stand at arms until daylight. On September 25, the Regiment again occupied Forts Wagner and Gregg, and the shore lines during the night, the main portion of the detail returning in the morning to the keep, near the siege guns, for shelter, on account of the severe shelling from the rebel works. The Regiment was paid, on the 26th, by Maj. Wm. M. Babbitt, Paymaster U. S. A., to include the months of July and August, 1863. The Regiment was relieved from duty in the trenches, at dusk on the 26th, and again went to the front on the 28th, remaining on duty till the evening of September 29, which was the last time it occupied the trenches on Morris Island. During the siege, from July 17 to October 1, 1863, the 97th P. V. occupied the trenches at the front, and performed other duty on the following dates: in action at Fort Wagner, a night assault, July 18; on duty in the trenches, July 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, August 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, September 2, 3, 4, 5; September 7, in the advance upon and occupation of Forts Wagner and Gregg; occupied those forts and other advance post on September 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29; detailed for fatigue duty, July 20 (night), 21 (night), 23 (day), 26 (night), 29 (night), August 7 (day), 8 (night), 12 (night), 13 (night), 16 (day), 17 (night) by all the men not on duty at the front, 19 (day), 23 (day), September 1 (night), 5, forty men, (night), 13 (day), 14 (day), 18 (night), 21 (night), 24 (day), 27 (day); making a 1863 -1 MORRIS ISLAND. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 207 record of almost continuous service, constantly under fire from the enemy s guns, both at the front and in camp, where shot and shell frequently reached, falling in close proximity to the lines of tents. During August, the Regiment was off duty but five days, and during September but two days, an experience unprecedented outside the forces on duty at the siege of Morris Island. There being but little wood on Morris Island, great difficulty was experienced in obtaining sufficient to cook rations for the troops. Wood squads from the companies were compelled to carry all the wood used from one to two miles, there being no teams on the Island that could be spared from the siege operations for the purpose. When the men occupied the trenches at the front, the company cooks at each meal carried the kettles of coffee and soup nearly two miles. Notwithstanding the exposure being much greater than in the trenches, they never wavered in fidelity to their hungry com rades. The cooks brigade was eagerly watched as it came and went upon its perilous errands, the target of rebel shot and shell, and toward the end of the siege of sharp-shooters also. But they seemed to possess charmed lives; few if any casualties occurred with their many narrow escapes. The cooks of Morris Island were far from being reckoned among the cowards by their comrades in the trenches. Owing to the ready observance of orders on the part of the men of the Regiment, and to the attention of the officers, in keeping the men from unnecessarily exposing themselves to the view of the enemy while in the trenches, the casualties in the Regiment, during the siege, were less frequent than in most other regiments occupy ing the same ground, though the shelling from the enemy s line was as constant. The 97th P. V. had frequently occupied the line during a tour of duty without any casualty, while the regiment relieved had lost ten to fifteen in killed and wounded, the number of shell thrown being the same by actual count. The difference in result was attributable entirely to the fact that the line of earthworks was not indicated to the enemy by our men furnishing targets for the range of their guns. Owing to the excessive heat, the arduous and exposing duty during the siege, and the low, damp ground through which the trenches were dug, being sometimes filled to a depth of eighteen inches of water, at high tide, many of the men were prostrated bv sickness, chiefly cases of intermittent fever, chills and diarrhoea. 208 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, Three enlisted men were discharged during the month, for physical disability, viz.: Sergt. Patrick Carter, of Company E, on the 13th; Privates Benjamin Hughes, of Company D, and Henry Carney, of Company I, both on the 27th. The following men died during the month on Morris Island, viz.: Privates Samuel Hunter, of Company H, on the 4th, of chronic diarrhoea; William C. Shan non, of Company F, on the 7th, of typhoid fever; Hugh D. Mews, of Company B, on the llth, of typhoid pneumonia; Charles K. Wentz, of Company C, on the 18th; 4-aron Phipps, of Company K, on the 26th; both of chronic diarrhoea, and Ovell Chappell, of Company E, on the 29th, of chronic dysentery. They were all buried on Morris Island, near the ruins of the lighthouse, destroyed by the enemy, their graves being marked with the name, company and regiment. The remains of Phipps were subsequently removed by his friends to West Chester and reinterred in the Methodist Cemetery. 18C3 1 RETURN TO FERNANDINA. 209 CHAPTER VII. FERNANDINA AND FORT CLINCH; CAPTURE OF CAMP COOPER, FLA.; EXPEDITION TO WOODSTOCK AND KING S FERRY MILLS, GA.; RE- EXLISTMENT OF VETERANS; THEIR RETURN ON FURLOUGH ; DE PARTURE FROM FERNANDINA; OCTOBER 1, 1863, TO APRIL 25, 1864. <j protracted and arduous service of the unprece- ( l ( llt( ( s i< .^ (> <n Morris Island, during July, August and September, 1863, had so prostrated the men as to render rest and change absolutely essential to restore the Regiment to its usual efficiency. Orders were issued, about October 1, directing the 97th P. V. to proceed to Fernandina, Fla., to occupy that city and garrison Fort Clinch. Col. Guss was relieved of the command of his brigade and as- to the command of the post of Fernandina. Adjt. II. W. Carrutliers, A. A. A. General, 1st brigade; 1st Lieut. David Jones, quarter-master 97th P. V., post quarter-master at Hilton Head; Ass t Surgeon G. W. Miller, on duty in general hospital, at Hilton Head, and such other officers and men of the 97th P. V. as had been detailed on detached service in the department, were relieved, by special order, on September 30, and directed to rejoin their Regiment. The camp, on Morris Island, was broken up on the morning of October 2. The tents and baggage of the Regiment were conveyed to the beach, at Lighthouse Inlet, to which point the men had inarched. At noon, the right wing of the Regiment embarked on the Alice Price and the left on the Emilie, two small steam trans ports. The sea being quite rough, the vessels lay at anchor until next morning. At 11 o clock, they set out for Port Royal. Having a smooth sea, reached the harbor at 8.30 P. M., and anchored off Hilton Head. The next morning, the Regiment was transferred to the steamer Boston, commanded by our good friend, Capt. J. P. 14 210 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, Johnson, unto whose care all were glad to be consigned again. At Hilton Head, Mr. John F. Forrest, sutler of the 97th P. V., rejoined the Regiment after an absence of nearly three months, having ar rived a few days previously with a schooner load of supplies long needed by the men. Capt. George R. Guss, the colonel s eldest son, also met the Regi ment at Hilton Head, arriving with Mr. Forrest, on a visit to his father. He proceeded first to Morris Island to examine the siege operations there, and subsequently went to Fernandina and re mained during the winter. The Boston sailed for Fernandina, at 3.30 P. M., on the 4th, having a supply schooner in tow. Some of the sick were left in the hospital, at Hilton Head, being too much prostrated to bear the transportation on shipboard. The steamer arrived off the bar, op posite Fort Clinch, at 7 A. M., on the 5th, and, entering Amelia River, came to anchor opposite the town, at 10 A. M., soon after which the Regiment disembarked at the wharf, where the men re mained until the several post details were arranged. Col. Guss announced his arrival to Col. H. M. Plaisted, llth Maine, commandant of the post, and presented the order directing him to relieve Col. Plaisted and his regiment from duty at that post. The following paragraph, in reference to the arrival of the 97th P. V., at Fernandina, appeared in the editorial column of the Peninsular, published weekly at that place, by William C. Morrill, Esq., who was also post master at Fernandina: " OUR NEW DEFENDERS. The 97th PenDsylvania, Col. Henry R. Guss, com manding, are veterans in the service of their country and are already in the third year of the period of their enlistment. They have made a record of which they have reason to be proud. They have been in this department nearly two years, and for the last three months have been stationed at Morris Island, where the arduous duties they have had to perform have materially lessened the health and efficiency of the men, and they have, in consequence, been ordered here lo recruit. It is a sufficient testimony to the courage and ability of the commanding officer, that he was, by order of Gen. Gillmore, placed in charge of a brigade while there and participated in the stirring scenes which have recently been en acted there; and the Regiment could have had no higher compliment paid it than in the fact that it was selected, by Gen. Terry, to lead the "forlorn hope" on the night of the final assault, on Fort Wagner, when it was found that the enemy had incontinently decamped. We extend a hearty welcome to Col. Guss and bis brave officers and men, and hope that their stay may not only be profitable to them, but pleasant and agreeable to all parties." 1863.] FERNANDINA. ITS ASPECT AND INHABITANTS. 211 Col. Plaisted s command had been on duty, at Fernandina, about four months. A detachment of colored troops was at the post, en gaged in recruiting the 1st Fla., under the direction of Lieut. Col. Milton S. Littleficld. The officer in command of the detachment was Capt. Mahlon E. Davis, of Company A, 1st Fla. His company was encamped near Fort Plaisted, at the southwest border of the town. This force was not engaged in any duty connected with the post. Since Fernandina was first occupied by the Regiment, in March, 1862, there had many changes taken place. Some, who had left it when evacuated by the enemy, had since returned. A number of citizens from the north and many white refugees and contra bands had arrived. Most of the handsome residences, with finely cultivated. grounds, were now despoiled of their beauty by the de solating hand of war laying waste the work of years. Soldiers had occupied the spacious parlors and chambers where the chivalry were wont to revel and repose. Ragged negro children climbed the banisters of the wide stairways and crowded the piazzas of the palatial structures, erected for the luxurious abode of governors and senators, who fled from their splendid homes at the approach of the defenders of the government they, also, had solemnly sworn to support. Instead of welcoming these as their friends and pro tectors, they had become fugitives, self-deprived of country and home. The contrabands were in charge of a government agent, H. II. Helper, Esq., a former resident of North Carolina, a most active and energetic man, to whose faithful administration and care of their interests the colored population was indebted for very much that tended to secure for them the occupation of houses and culti vation of the lands, which enabled them to subsist and, in some instances, to accumulate quite considerable gains. In all questions, involving these varied and conflicting interests, he was advocate for both plaintiff and defendant, and judge to determine and enforce the right, which he did with a justice and directness that secured for him the confidence of the entire population. The head-quarters of the post, occupied by Col. Plaisted, was the house of ex-Senator Yulee, where Col. Guss also established his head-quarters. Upon taking command of the post of Fernandina, October 5, 1863, Col. Guss announced the following appointments: provost marshal, Capt. Isaiah Price, of Company C; post adjutant and 212 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, acting assistant inspector general, 1st Lieut. Henry W. Carruthers, adjutant 97th P. V.; post surgeon, Maj. John R. Everhart, surgeon 97th P. V.; post quarter-master, 1st Lieut. David Jones, quarter master 97th P. V.; post commissary, 1st Lieut. John McGrath, of Company E; post ordnance officer, 1st Lieut. Gasway O. Yarnall, of Company G; post treasurer and in charge of post bakery, 1st Lieut. James T. Skiles, of Company B. These officers nearly all continued in the discharge of the duties assigned them during the period the Regiment remained at the post. Company C was assigned to duty as provost guard. Capt. Price, with his company, upon landing, proceeded to the provost guard quarters, a large new dwelling in the southwestern part of the city, where he relieved Capt. Sabine, of the llth Maine, provost marshal. The company stacked arms in front of the building, upon a vacant lot, and the men were allowed to rest under the shade in the vi cinity, subject to orders of the lieutenants in charge of the company until the quarters occupied by the llth Maine were ready for them. Capt. Price received, of the former provost marshal, all the books and papers pertaining to the office, together with such property as was in his charge, and about thirty prisoners, under sentence of court-martial, who had been consigned to the custody of that officer, duplicate receipts being given in each case. Companies A and G were detailed to garrison Fort Clinch, under command of Capt. Francis M. Guss, of Company A, relieving two companies of the llth Maine. The officers and part of the men occupied quarters in the casemates of the fort, the remainder having tents. A regular detail of sentinels guarded the fort, two or three posts were required on the beach, and a watch kept at the Light house, at some distance. The duty was mainly that of a garrison to the fort. A mounted courier was on duty as messenger between the fort and post head-quarters. Company H, commanded by 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaistre, was stationed at Old Town, between New Fernandina and Fort Clinch. The company occupied tents on the banks of the river, near the houses. This company maintained a guard at the causeway leading to the fort and a picket at a point on the river to prevent boats passing up and down The charge of maintaining order in the Old Town was also a part of the duty. Company E, Capt. William McConnell in command, was sta tioned, as an outpost picket, at the railroad bridge across an inlet FERNANDINA. DETAILS FOR POST DUTY. 213 from Amelia llivor, on the Fermmdina and Pilatka Railroad, two and a half miles from Fernandina. The remaining companies of the Regiment were encamped on the ground occupied by Col. Plaisted s regiment, near the rebel re doubt on the river, and adjacent to the late Gov. Broom s house, the officers having quarters in an adjoining house. The men occu pied their tents. On October 6, Mr. Forrest s schooner arrived with sutler s stores, which were landed and transferred to a storehouse near the officers quarters, where Mr. Forrest was soon established in a thriving trade to his own profit and the men s delight. His schooner had served also as his storehouse in the early part of the campaign of 1863, but he mostly had a large tent at the camp of the Regiment. The five companies of the Regiment at Fernandina were engaged in the usual camp duties and furnished the post guard; also a picket guard, that was established on the roads and approaches to the town from inland, these being relieved every twenty-four hours; two posts were also stationed several miles down the island, one at an old sugar house plantation and one still further, at Harrison s Landing, on the inside shore of the island; these posts being relieved at intervals of one week, having also a mounted courier at each post to carry intelligence of any movement if necessary. Provision and forage were sent to them as required. A mounted patrol of six men was also detailed for service, under the provost marshal, two being on duty at a time, day and night, relieved every four hours. They were charged with the duty of arresting all stragglers from camp and of surpervising the order of the town, seeing that all persons at the post were duly authorized as resident or having the proper passes, at night requiring the lights in houses and quarters to be extinguished at taps and the men to be in camp, demanding the countersign of all found in the streets after 9 P. M. The patrol was at all times available to arrest and prevent disorder of every kind and promoted greatly the quiet and security of the post. The men selected for this duty were of the most energetic and reliable in the Regiment. They received the entire approbation of the provost marshal for their faithful services. The original detail consisted of Corps. John T. Boofter, Company B; John W. Brooks, Company D; Privates Robert L. Black and William H. Clark, Company A; Davis McAfee, Com pany F, and James Peoples, Company I. Clark, of Company A, 214 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, was relieved, in January, by Private Jacob C. Strode, of same com pany, on account of disability from a rupture. Corp. Brooks and Privates Black, McAfee and Peoples re-enlisted, with the veterans, in March, and received furloughs to return home. Privates George W. Hawkins, Chanlee Kirk and William H. H. Startz, of Company A, and Private Joseph Wetherill, of Company C, were detailed to fill the vacancies in the patrol. Private John W. Ford, of Company A, was detailed as a mounted courier for duty at post head-quarters. Corp. Harry S. Pyott, of Company A, was placed in charge of the contrabands at the post, and Sergt. Lee A. Stroud, of Company F, was detailed as wharf master, Sergt. William L. Morris, of Company A, was detailed as ordnance sergeant, at Fort Clinch, to assist Lieut. Yarnall, post ordnance officer. Sergt. R. Powell Fithian, of Company K, was also detailed as post printer, and subsequently Private Young, of Company D. They were attached to the office of the Peninsular during most of the time the Regiment remained at the post. Several men were detailed at the post bakery, with Corp. Chan- ning Brinton placed in charge of the clerical duties of that institution ; Corp. Wilbur F. Flannery, Company D, as clerk at post head quarters ; Corp. C. Burleigh Hambleton Company C as chief clerk to provost marshal ; Private Jeremiah King, Company A, as clerk to post quarter-master; Privates Robert W. Humphreys, Company B, and John L. Kitts, Company C, as clerks in post commissary de partment. The post hospital was a fine large building situated on Main Street, between the head-quarters and the camp of the Regiment. The ac commodations were most ample, rooms large and airy, the ventila tion of the wards and the police arrangements very good. The sup ply of stores, bedding, medicines, etc., adequate to every want of the sick, and even that novel accommodation, a milch-cow, w r as here for the first time supplied. The provost guard established a regular camp guard around the lot enclosing the quarters and the barracks in which the prisoners in charge of the provost marshal were confined. A guard was also pro vided to have charge of the prisoners while at work at the wharf or other places where their services were required. Additional prison ers were received by the provost marshal from time to time from the forces in the department, in conformity with the sentences of courts- FEUNANDINA. POST DUTIES AND INCIDENTS. J 1 "> martial. During his term of service at the post, the number was increased from thirty to one hundred and thirty. The terms of sen tence designated "Fort Clinch, Florida, at hard labor;" but owing to the difficulty attending the control of a few prisoners at work with a large number of civilians, who were employed at the fort, the previous provost marshal hud been employing the prisoners at such labor as was needed in the quarter-master s department, at the wharf in the town, and in cutting wood for the post bakery, etc. This arrangement was at first continued by Capt. Price. They were also employed in cutting logs for piles to rebuild the wharf and in driving the piles for the same. They also aided in the removal of the old jail, a log structure, quite a distance, to the provost head quarters, to be used as a lockup when required. Subsequently, the prisoners were removed to the barracks, near Fort Clinch, to be employed upon the work at the fort, in con formity with the terms of sentence, being in charge of a guard and under command of a sergeant of the provost guard company, whose detail served continuously for a week at a time, divided into three daily reliefs. Among other duties of the provost marshal was that of exa mining all vessels, other than naval, entering and departing from the harbor, to prevent illegal traffic and the sale of liquors to the troops, having a sailing and rowboat, with a crew detailed for the purpose of boarding these vessels in the harbor. Upon one oc casion, a barque came to anchor near Fort Clinch. The day being stormy and the harbor quite rough, it was difficult to reach the barque; the tide, also, running out very swiftly. On approaching the vessel, it was found the boat s painter was entangled under the end of the stepboard, forced loose by the strain on the mast. Calling for a rope to be thrown over the side, to make fast the boat, it was not understood. The boat then swept past, there being nothing to catch hold of to stay it in the rapid current. It was then necessary to go about, in order to return to the vessel, a feat very difficult and dangerous in waves so high and wild. By great exertion, the boat was kept from being swamped in turning, having shipped a heavy wave which nearly filled it. Arriving again at the side of the vessel, a rope was made fast to the boat. The provost mar shal and one man had just ascended the sling ladder, when, owing to slack rope, the prow of the boat getting a little out from the side of the vessel, the swift current overturned it in an instant. Sergt. 216 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, Moore and Private Latch, of Company C, being still in the boat, the latter caught the sling ladder as the boat went under; but Sergt. Moore, less fortunate, was swept down with the boat. He managed to catch hold of the rope, by which the boat was still securely fastened, but his position was one of great peril. With great presence of mind, he held on until a rope was thrown over to him, which he made fast around his body and was hauled aboard at the stern of the vessel. Mr. Frisbee, the pilot, then took his boat and secured the mast and sail of the boat which were floating sea ward. On the evening of October 22, a reunion of the officers of the army and navy, at the post, occurred on board the gunboat Flam beau, which was the occasion of inaugurating the most kindly feeling between the two branches of the service. The officers of the navy being the hosts, spared no pains to make it a success. The table was loaded with the choicest luxuries to be found. The largest drumfish ever caught in those waters honored the guests with his presence, being nearly four feet in length and in due pro portion, proving delicious as a brook trout. The deck was adorned with bunting draped from the spars over head, while the merry sailors, with song and viol, alternated music with jest, and witty repartee in genuine cordiality filled the hours with pleasure, until the small figures warned the guests to bid adieu to their hosts, impressed with the feeling that the memories of that evening would ever remain a pleasant retrospect to brighten some of the sterner experiences of the soldier s and the sailor s life. Long life and happiness to our friends, the "gallant Flambeau tars." During the stay at the post, some of the officers obtained leave to visit St. Augustine, that beautiful and strange old Spanish town, whose early history, with its thrilling legends, have thrown a veil of mysterious interest around its old fortress, with its subterranean vaults, its ruined arches and crumbling walls. The description of these might form a romance in itself. On October 24th, the first mail was received at Fernandina, and the men who had received furloughs, on Morris Island, rejoined the Regiment, arriving in the mail steamer. Com. Sergt. McKay re sumed his duties; Sergt. Moore, of Company C, was relieved from duty, as acting commissary sergeant, and returned to duty with his company. Lieut. Col. Duer also returned to the Regiment, from FERNANDINA. DEATHS AND DISCHARGES. 217 sick leave of absence, his health not much improved. He occupied quarters in Gov. Broom s house. Privates James F. Maloney, Company I, and Jacob Kerr, Com pany F, were discharged, for disability, on the 12th. The latter died, on the 27th, at Hilton Head, of chronic diarrluca; Private Jonathan Todd, Company I, was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, on October 31. During the month of October, the following men of the Regiment died: Private Joseph E. Booth, of Company D, died, of chronic diarrlura, at the hospital of the 3d N. H., on Morris Island, October 3; Corp. David S. Christman, of Company K, of pneumonia, at the general hospital, on the 7th; Private James Kenan, of Company B, on the 8th; Private Milton Greenfield, of Company F, on the llth; Corp. John Doyle, of Company G, on the 26th, and Sergt. David H. Birney, of Company B, on the 30th; the four latter of chronic diarrhcra, at the general hospital; Privates Isaac H. Pugh, of Com pany G, on the 25th, and Jacob Macintosh, of Company C, on the 28th, both died at Beaufort, of the same disease. The following died at the post hospital, at Fernandina: Private George G. Hardy, of Company B, on the 13th, of chronic diarrhoea; Private John G. Hughes, Company H, on the 15th, of scurvy; Private Jesse Wood ward, Company F, on the 26th, of consumption; Private Charles J. Kinsey, Company C, on the 28th, of chronic diarrhcra ; Private Patrick Murphy, Company E, on the 28th, of consumption. Sergt. Reese L. Weaver, Company G, died, on the 12th, of chronic diarrhoea, in the U. S. hospital, in New York ; Private John Ward, Company I, on the 28th, of chronic diarrhoea, at Fort Schuy- ler hospital, New York Harbor. These were all most excellent men and faithful soldiers. Company A was the only one not in cluded in this list. Those who died at Fernandina were buried in the general burying ground adjoining Old Town. At a meeting of the members of the I. O. of O. F., belonging to the 97th P. V., held at the provost marshal s head-quarters, on the evening after the death of Private Jesse Woodward, resolutions of respect to his memory and his faithfulness as a soldier, also of con dolence to his family, were adopted and forwarded to West Chester, properly attested. He was a member of Pocohontas Lodge, No. 316, of West Chester, Pa., and was a conscientious, faithful soldier, generous in feeling, though quiet and unobtrusive. He possessed the esteem and confidence of both officers and men. 218 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, The following statement gives the changes which occurred in the Regiment during its second year of service: on October 29, 1862, the total officers and men was eight hundred and thirty-nine; sub sequently, nine recruits had joined, making a total number of eight hundred and forty-eight ; during the year one officer was transferred to the U. S. Signal Corps; eleven officers resigned, or were dis charged on surgeon s certificate, and sixty-four men were discharged on same account; one officer and forty-six men died, four of whom were killed ; five men were transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps and two men to the U. S. Signal Corps; twelve men re-enlisted in Company E, 3d U. S. Artillery ; making a total loss in the regiment of one hundred and forty-two during the year, leaving the aggregate, October 29, 1863, at seven hundred and six, officers and men, the loss being thirty less than that of the first year of service. On October 31, the Begiment was mustered for pay and inspected by Col. Guss and staff, who visited the different detachments for the purpose. On November 5, the steamer Rebecca Clyde arrived at Fernan- dina, having on board two hundred and eighteen substitutes and conscripts for the 97th P. V., in charge of Capt. D. W. C. Lewis, Company F. The men were mostly in a very insubordinate condi tion, having been furnished with whisky, by the crew, during the voyage. Many of them, having their bounty money in their posses sion at starting, had been robbed by gangs of desperate associates, who, in turn, were continually stealing the proceeds from each other. The officers in charge and the captain of the steamer had only succeeded in preventing them from taking control of the ship by threats of turning the steam upon them in their quarters below. A detail of two companies, from the Regiment, was stationed as a double line of guards from the wharf to a church, around which a guard was also placed. Between these lines the men were con ducted. Several of the most drunken and disorderly made violent demonstrations, bidding defiance to all in their reach and fighting among themselves, yet avoiding contact with the lines of bayonets in the hands of the guard. When they had all been driven into the church, the provost marshal and his guard entered and secured the ringleaders of the desperadoes, who, by this time, found it was useless to resist. Col. Guss then addressed the men said he hoped they would conform to order and proper discipline. If they did they would have no trouble in the future; if they did not they would be FERNANDINA. CONSCRIPTS AND SUBSTITUTES. 219 punished. Ho told them he would receive and treat them as he would like to be treated himself and hoped they would prove to be good soldiers. The remainder now seemed quite willing to obey and respect the authority of the officers. Many of them said they felt as if their lives were now, for the first time since leaving the north, rendered secure. These men were then marched to the camp of the Regiment, where, under the superintendence of Col. H. R. Guss, they were examined and identified with the descriptive rolls fur nished, and assigned to the different companies. On November 14, seventy more conscripts and substitutes arrived in the steamer Beaufort, in charge of Capt, Caleb Hoopes, Company G. Many of these were also drunk and disorderly, having had whisky freely furnished them by the crew. The same measures were adopted to reduce them to order and respect of authority as before. The total number assigned to the different companies was as follows: Company A, seven; Company B, thirty-one; Company C, thirty-four; Company D, twenty-five; Company E, twenty-seven; Company F, twenty-one; Company G, twenty-eight; Company H, thirty-six; Company I, thirty-eight; Company K, forty-one. Total, two hundred and eighty-eight men. Many of these men became good and reliable soldiers, but the greater portion were a constant cause of trouble to the entire com mand, requiring the utmost vigilance of the officers to prevent in subordination, and entailing increased duty upon the old and faithful men of the Regiment to keep the disorderly new ones in subjection to orders. Among other property turned over to the provost marshal, by the retiring officer, was the stock and fixtures of a dry goods and gro cery store of a citizen convicted of selling liquor at the post, in vio lation of orders. An order was subsequently received from the pro vost marshal general of the department, Lieut. Col. James F. Hall, 1st X. Y. Eng s, directing the sale of the goods and a return made to him of the proceeds. This order was carried out, on November 10, by a public auction of the goods after due public notice. The provost marshal remembered that a son of one of Chester County s most noted auctioneers was a member of Company B, 97th P. V. He therefore summoned Sergt. W. A. Nichols to his head-quarters, and telling him he wanted an auctioneer, and knew of nothing nearer in that line than the son of an auctioneer, proposed then and there that 220 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, he should begin to follow in the footsteps of his illustrious ances tor. Nothing daunted, the sergeant expressed his willingness to go into business in that line. His success was most gratifying, exceed ing the expectation of all concerned prices ranged high, and the sergeant displayed wit, readiness and tact that made the occasion one of the liveliest and most interesting that occurred during the stay at Fernandina. Sergt. Nichols, having graduated as an auc tioneer, in Florida, "with such distinguished honors, has continued to ply his vocation since his return home, it is hoped, with the success he then gave such good promise of deserving. On November 12, Maj. Pennypacker and Lieut. Black, of Com pany K, returned to the Regiment, having had their leave extended to fifty days. Both were much improved in health and were gladly welcomed by the Regiment. The major occupied quarters, in Gov. Broom s house, with Lieut. Col. Duer. Capt. George Guss also ar rived from Morris Island. Col. Guss daughter, Miss Lizzie Guss, and his cousin, Mrs. Mary Ann Warner, accompanied Maj. Penny- packer from West Chester. Capt. Henry W. King (harbor mas ter at Hilton Head) and his wife also came down to visit the colo nel for a short time, accompanied by Mrs. Capt. Bryant. They remained a couple of weeks. Miss Guss and Mrs. Warner con tinued with the colonel during the winter. The presence of these ladies was a most agreeable accession to the social circle, and ren dered the colonel s home a very attractive household, quite in con trast with the long and lonely campaign he had experienced without the presence of his family circle. Other visitors during the winter enlarged the interest for those who had long been deprived of the benefit of ladies society, and the presence of quite a number of the ladies of officers and others, spending the winter south, became a most entertaining and permanent feature in the winter s expe riences. Among these were the family of Gov. Reed, Mrs. H. H. Helper, Mrs. Capt. Alfred F. Sears and two of her young friends (the Misses Talcott, from New York), Mrs. Dr. Winslow and sister, Mrs. Capt. Davis, Misses Merrick, Botts, Slocum (sister of Gen. Slocum, of New York), and other lady teachers, engaged in edu cating the contrabands, and some others whose names cannot now be recalled. Frequent excursions were made on horseback upon the beach and down the island, and boating upon the bay and up the Cumberland Sound. Hunting wild cattle, upon the island, also afforded an FERNAXDINA. INLAND EXCURSIONS. 2-21 occasional day s sport, for the purpose of obtaining fresh beef. Upon one occasion, when the ladies were of the party, a fine deer was started up and an animated chase ensued. Shots were fired from all quarters and the party dashed, at full speed, in pursuit, closing in upon the fugitive. The ladies rode gallantly over the underbrush and across the cotton ridges, to be in at the death, one being the second to arrive at the spot where the game fell. The venison steak proved even more delicious than the roast beef that formed the larger bulk of the day s prizes. Some of these inland cursious led into the intri cate jungles and swamps, inaccessible, except by fol lowing the paths of the wild cattle, traversed with difficulty, by horsemen, who were often dragged from their seats by overhanging branches and intertwining vines of the jungle. The scenery, in some places, was enchanting. The limbs of the trees were festooned by the ever-present swaying moss, in its weird - like beauty, while the bright surface of some rift of water repeated the wild picture in submerged reflection, giving realization unto visions of fairy land. On November 14, one man from each company received a fur lough, for thirty days, and returned home. On November 15, six of the men assigned to Company K de serted, and succeeded in escaping to the enemy on the main land. On the following day, five men deserted, from Company E, who also went over to the enemy s lines. On the 16th, a company of rebel cavalry appeared in sight, on the main land, opposite Cumberland Sound. The naval steamer Flambeau ran up the sound and threw some shell, which dispersed them. The next day, the same company was seen on the shore up A FLORIDA SWAMP AND JUNGLE. 222 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ["November, the Amelia River, when the Flambeau again advanced and threw shell after them. November 26, the day set apart, by President Lincoln, as a day of thanksgiving, was appropriately observed at the post. The troops and citizens were assembled, at 10 A. M., in front of the Baptist Church, where a platform had been erected. Colonel Guss was an nounced as president, Lieut. Col. Duer, Capt. Price and Lieut. D. Jones, vice-presidents, and Judge J. K. Stickney, of the U. S. Tax Commission, as secretary. The services were opened by introductory remarks, and followed by an appropriate prayer, by Rev. William Kennedy, of the United States Christian Commission. Music by (he string band, recently organized, at Fort Clinch, principally by the members of Company A and other companies. Song, " America," sung by the ladies of the assemblage. Reading proclamation and accompanying remarks, by Capt. Alfred F. Sears, 1st N. Y. Eng s, constructing engineer of Fort Clinch. Song, "Star Spangled Banner." Remarks, by Edward Cavendy, acting volunteer lieutenant, commanding gun boat Flambeau, and F. H, D Estmauville, acting ensign of gunboat Flambeau. Song, " Red, White and Blue." Remarks, by Adjt. H. W. Carruthers, 97th P. V., post adjutant, and Capt Hawkins, Company I, 97th P. V. Song, "Hail Columbia." Hymn, "Old Hundred." Closing remarks and benediction, by Rev. Mr. Beard, of the U. S. Christian Commission. The exercises were most in teresting. All the remarks were well timed and forcibly eloquent and enthusiastically received by the assembly. During the pro ceedings, the best order prevailed. The string band, which inter spersed the exercises, also gave some very beautiful performances in the afternoon, at Col. Guss head-quarters, and several serenades in the evening. On November 28, four substitutes increased the number of de serters from Company E, at the railroad bridge. They escaped across the river to the main land. About this time, 1st Lieut. John McGrath, Company E, was re leased from duty, as post commissary, by 2d Lieut. Henry Odiorne, Company D. Lieut. McGrath was ordered to report at the post commissary, at Beaufort, S. C., for duty at that place. After a few weeks, he returned to Fernandina and was again assigned to duty as post commissary. During the month of November, the following deaths occurred 1863.] FERNANDINA. SALUTE IN HONOR OF GRANT S VICTORIES. 223 in the Regiment: Corp. Robert Trowlund, Company I, on the 4th, of chronic diarrhoea, at Christian Street Hospital, Philadelphia; Private William G. McLane, Company C, on the 8th, of chronic diarrhoea, at Beaufort ; Private Horace Passmore, Company A, on the 18th, of chronic diarrhoea, at Fernandina; Private James Wright, of Company G, on the 20th, of chronic diarrhoea, at Fer nandina; Private Samuel Pierson, substitute, of Company K, on the 25th, of dysentery, at Fernandina. The death of Passmore was the third in Company A since entering the service, a period of two years and three months. No discharges during the month of November. About December 1, in addition to his other duties, Maj. Penny- packer was appointed to superintend the company drills, act as instructor of officers, and to establish a school for the theoretical in struction of the officers of the Regiment. On December 8, the Regiment was paid for the months of Sep tember and October, by Maj. Orloff M. Mason, paymaster U. S. Vols. The members of Companies A and G, after receiving their pay, made a most commendable and generous donation, by subscription, amounting to one hundred and thirty dollars, and forwarded it to Mrs. Yocum, of West Chester, Pa., who had lost a son in each of those companies. On December 9, a salute of thirty-five guns was fired from Fort Clinch, Fla., in honor of Gen. Grant s victories over Gen. Braxton Bragg, at Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Chattanooga, Tenn., on November 24 and 25. On the night of December 14, four additional men, of those re cently assigned, eluded the vigilance of the guard and deserted from the camp. Their names were James Wilson, Company B, Peter Goodrich and John Williams of Company I, and James Thompson, Company K. They had evidently reached the road leading down the island at a point below the picket station by making a detour through the almost impenetrable thicket. After ascertaining this, Capt. Hawkins, with a crew of picked meri, started in pursuit, along the inside channel, hoping to intercept the men before they could find means to cross to the main land. They, however, had reached the lower end of the island just as a boat, in charge of some negroes in the employ of Mr. H. H. Helper, government agent at Fernandina, who had been fishing, landed on the shore, Mr. Helper being at the time with another boat on the opposite side and out of view. The 224 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, deserters made a desperate attempt to capture the boat of the negroes. Goodrich, seizing the boat, pointed a pistol at the men who were trying to get off with it and fired, but, not hitting the negroes, wounded one of his companions (Thompson), who also had hold of the boat. This mishap disconcerted the men. The negroes im mediately jumped into the boat and pulled for the other shore to inform Mr. Helper of the attack. He then crossed the river with his men and approached the deserters, who were near their wounded companion. From his appearance, being dressed in a gray suit, they supposed he was a rebel and requested to be taken across, saying they were very sorry they had mistaken his men for " Fernandina niggers," and would make it all right with him as they had money. Mr. Helper did not disabuse them of their delusion, but, before agreeing to take them in his boats, insisted upon their surrendering their arms. This they agreed to, when Mr. Helper directed them to place their wounded companion in the boat first and then the three men to get in the forward part of the boat. Previously to crossing, he had armed himself and men with the carbines he usually carried on such excursions. Placing himself in a position to watch the slightest movement of the deserters, he ordered his men to pull for the opposite side." It was now nearly dark. The deserters were beginning to regard with suspicion the course Mr. Helper was taking. In a very short time the boat of Capt. Hawkins was met, when the deserters realized for the first time that they were cap tured. Capt. Hawkins received the prisoners of Mr. Helper and returned to Fernandina, where they were placed in charge of the provost marshal to await trial by court-martial. Christmas day, at Fernandina, was celebrated by a series of plea sant festivities, participated in by the army, navy and citizens. Ample arrangements were made to secure the success of the enter tainment. The exercises commenced, at 9 A. M., as follows: Target shooting, Springfield rifled muskets, at one hundred yards. First prize, for best three shots, $5; second, $3; third, $2. Com petitors : two men from each company and four from the naval force at the post. Committee to award prizes: Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer; Surgeon John R. Everhart; Capt. Mahlon E. Davis, 1st Fla. ; J. B. Rhind, U. S. N.; John K. Stickney, Esq. First prize, won by Private Eli Dunlap, Company G; second prize, by Private Leo nard Thomas, Company C; third prize, by Private Edward Wade, Company G. FERNANDIXA. CHRISTMAS FESTIVITIES. 225 Hurdle race. Distance, fifty yards ; five hurdles, two feet high ; race, through and back. First prize, $5; second, $3; third, $2. Committee: Capt. I. Price, 2d Lieut. II. Odiorne, F. H. D Estmau- ville, U. S. N. The prizes were won by sailors, names not ascer tained. Blindfold wheelbarrow feat. Distance, fifty yards to goal stake. The competitors to start separately, each blindfolded, his back to the goal. First prize, to man leaving barrow nearest to stake, $3; second prize, to next in distance, $2. Committee: Capt. D. W. C. Lewis, Lieut. G. O. Yarnall, Lieut. G. A. Lemaistre. No record was obtained of the successful competitors. Boat ?Yice, between the army and navy boats crews, to a stake- boat and return. Preliminaries arranged by the following com mittee: Capt. G. W. Hawkins, A. S. Megattelin, U. S. N., and John Harris, U. S. N. Prize, $15. Committee to award prize: Col. H. 11. Guss, Capt. Alfred H. Sears, 1st N. Y. Eng s, and Act g Lieut. Com. Edward Cavendy, U. S. X. The competitors were the boat s crew of the U. S. gunboat Flambeau and the post boat s crew, consisting of Corp. Harry L. Pyott, Privates Harry T. Gray, William Given and Lewis Edward Humpton, all of Company A, and Privates Michael H. Matthews and John J. Richardson, Company I. This contest was entered into with great spirit and determination on both sides. The crew of the 97th P. V. rowed with surprising steadiness and force, showing a degree of proficiency with the oar that elicited universal admiration. They defeated their opponents signally, giving a proud victory to the land forces in bearing off the prize. Sack race. Distance fifty yards. First prize, $3; second, $2; third, $1. Committee: Capt. Caleb Hoopes, Ass t Surgeon George W. Millqr. Lieut. S. V. Black. Prizes won by sailors. Foot race. Distance, two hundred yards. First prize, $5; second, $3. Committee: Adjt. H. W. Carruthers. Lieut. William Peace, Act g Ass t Surgeon Samuel B. Iloppin, U. S. N. First prize, won by Private Eli Dunlap, Company G, and a sailor the second. Hurdle sack race. Distance, thirty yards; three hurdles, one foot high. First prize, $5 ; second, $3. Committee : Ass t Surgeon William C. Morrison, Lieut. James T. Skiles, Lieut. James Mc- Williams. The prizes won by sailors. Jig dance. Price to best dancer, $5. Committee : Lieut. John McGrath, Lieut. F. J. Eachus and Mr. John Forrest, sutler of 97th 15 226 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, P. V. Three competitors a sailor and two soldiers. The prize won by the former. Meal feat. Open to all contrabands at the post. Prize, the meal, coin, and $5. Committee; Capt. William McConnell, Lieut. I. Fawkes, Lieut. J. Knapp. Three competitors for this exceed ingly ludicrous feat. The prize was born off by a contraband sailor of the Flambeau. The two others received a contribution from the officers present. Greased pig race. Pig to have ten yards start. Prize, the pig? to be awarded to the one catching and holding him by the tail. Committee: Lieut. John Wainwright, Lieut. H. Kauffman, H. H. Helper, Esq., Superintendent of Contrabands. The pig won his own bacon. Master of ceremonies for the day: Maj. G. Pennypacker. As sistants: Capt. F. M. Guss, Capt. J. M. C. Savage, Qr. Mr. David Jones, Lieut. Thomas Cosgriff. Chairman committee of arrange ments: Capt. W. S. Mendenhall. The day was most pleasant mild as spring-time at the north. Every arrangement was perfected to make the occasion interesting and indicative of the good feeling existing between the army, navy and citizens. The games and festivities occupied most of the day and evening, and afforded much amusement both to spectators and participants. The officers of the 97th P. V. distributed about one hundred dollars in prizes to the successful competitors and others. A bountiful Christmas dinner was provided, by Mrs. St. John, for the officers of the Regiment and their guests. Every delicacy of a southern climate and the larder of the department were laid under contribution to supply the viands. Roast turkey, pig, ducks, chickens, oysters in every style, and pastry that vied with the most delicious productions of Delmonico s or Mrs. Pyle s, were duly in troduced in regular course, followed by fruits, nuts and wines. Beautiful bouquets of flowers lent the finishing touches of grace that crowned Mrs. St. John s most creditable efforts to gratify the officers and their guests. In the evening, an amusing burlesque entertainment was produced at the camp by an amateur negro minstrel troop, organized at Fort Clinch, from the men of Companies A, H and G, by Sergt. John A. Russell, of Company H, and Eli B. Grubb, of Company G, with vocal and instrumental music, and other performances. The string band, already referred to, composed the orchestra usually, but it was 1863 1 FERNANDINA. CHRISTMAS FESTIVITIES. 227 otherwise engaged upon this occasion, much to the regret of those who were attracted to that entertainment. Another gathering, of a more select order, was convened, in a large huilding, at the corner of Third "and Centre Streets, under the auspices of the officers at the post, who had invited a large number of guests to a social party and grand supper, to which the presence of about thirty ladies, members of the officers families or of ci vilians at the post lent crowning grace. It was an occasion greatly enjoyed as a contrast to the long period of service, deprived of social entertainment and the refining influence of woman s presence, to modify the stern asperities of duty and camp life. The arrange ments were of the most complete and ample order. The dancing hall was most abundantly decorated with bunting, mostly supplied by the naval vessels, and festooned with green vines and boughs. The supper room above was provided with every comfort and delicacy to be found and "all went merry as a marriage bell." The string band was here in requisition, and earned most ample applause for its elegant terpsichorean music to which the active feet of the dancers kept time until it ran on into " the wee sma hours " of the morn ing. The editor of the Peninsular, who was a guest, thus comments: " We have heard but one expression in regard to the affair, and that was of unqualified praise and delight from every guest and par ticipant. The officers of the 97th P. V. have reason to be proud of, and we congratulate them upon the well-deserved favor they have won by their gentlemanly bearing, no less than for the hos pitable, we might say princely, manner in which they entertained their friends. We have not time nor space to particularize, but must not omit to mention the fact that a goodly number of ladies, both lovely and beautiful, graced the occasion with their, presence. We wish the officers of the 97th P. V. many happy returns of the joyous occasion." During the month of December, twelve enlisted men were dis charged, on surgeon s certificate of disability, nearly all, at Fernan- dina, on the 9th. Two men died, at the post, of chronic diarrhoea: Wagoner Peter J. Wonderly, Company K, on the 4th, and Private William Malaney, Company G, on the 8th. On New Year night, Capt. Alfred F. Sears, 1st N. Y. Eng s, en tertained his friends with a social party, at his residence in Old Town, to which Col. Guss and staff, several officers of the 97th P. V. and others on duty at the post, and many ladies and citizens 228 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, were invited, enjoying a most delightful evening together, with their host and his amiable lady, who contributed very greatly to the success of the occasion and the gratification of their numerous friends. On the night of January 3, one substitute of Company B and five of Company K deserted, and on that of the 6th, three more, of Company H, deserted. On the following morning, the Regiment, under the command of Maj. Pennypacker, made a partial scout of the island, but no clue was found to the direction they had taken, except that a boat was missed from the boatyard, where a guard was posted in sight. Marks of a boat shoved through the mud and tracks of men were found one-quarter of a mile off, made either by negroes fishing or, possibly, by the men deserting. An order was then issued to destroy all the old boats at the post. Twenty-eight men had deserted and only four were retaken. Double duty was now required of the men of the Regiment. Guards from the fort were placed at the wharf near Old Town and pickets sent out in small boats along the inside channels to intercept the deserters. On January 9, Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, commanding the De partment of the South, visited the post of Fernandina. He was re ceived with appropriate ceremonies at head-quarters and afterward visited the fort and some other stations and places of interest, accompanied by Col. H. R. Guss and officers of his staff. Gen. Gillmore expressed satisfaction at the order and condition of the post and the efficiency observed in the performance of duty by the officers and men. About this time, 1st Lieut. Isaac Fawkes, Company D, was de tailed for a short time as acting assistant inspector general of post, to relieve Adjt. Carruthers, who was occupied with the duties of judge advocate upon court-martial at the provost marshal s head quarters. On January 11, two men from each company of the Regiment received furloughs for twenty-five days and returned to their homes. Those who had received furloughs, in December, returned to the Regiment on January 14. On January 17, four deserters from the rebel army came from the main land to the picket outpost at the railroad bridge; they brought their horses, accoutrements, etc. They had attended a party the night previously, having a leave of absence from Camp Cooper for the purpose, and left the party during the night, reaching our lines 1864 1 FERNANDINA. VISIT OF GENERAL GILLMORE. 229 early in the morning. They were fine-looking men, who had been compelled to enter the rebel service and had determined to desert at the first favorable opportunity. On the 21st, about thirty additional prisoners were received by the provost marshal. They arrived under guard, on steamer Maple Leaf, from Hilton Head, being under sentence of confinement at Fort Clinch. On the same day, Sergt. Acker, of the provost guard, with a detail, was placed in charge of several prisoners and sent to Tiger Island, to cut timber for piles, to rebuild the wharf at Fernandina. They were provided with tents, rations, etc., and remained upon that duty for five days, when they returned, having cut and rafted a suffi cient quantity of logs for that purpose. The prisoners were after ward employed in rebuilding the wharf and in building additional quarters for forty-eight prisoners at the provost grounds. On January 31, the Regiment was reviewed by Col. H. R. Guss, and afterward inspected and mustered for pay, the detachments, excepting the detail for the day s duty, having marched to Fernan dina for the purpose. During January, but two men died of disease and none were discharged. On February 3, Sergt. Webster A. Nichols, Corp. John B. Grif fith and Privates Albert James Reese and Robert Bruce Wallace, all of Company B, started on a scout to the main land, to ascertain the condition of the bridges on the Fernandina and Pilatka Rail road and to examine the locality and strength of the rebel Camp Cooper. The detail returned on the 9th, having safely and suc cessfully accomplished the object for which it was sent. On February 5, 2d Lieut. John Knapp, Company I, having re signed, was -honorably discharged and returned home. The prisoners Wilson, Goodrich, Williams and Thompson ar rested for desertion, and placed in charge of the provost marshal, in December, 1863, were subsequently tried by a general court-mar tial, at Fernandina, of which Maj. Pennypacker was president and Adjt. H. W. Carruthers was judge advocate. They were ably de fended by Judge James M. Latta, but, the evidence being conclu sive, they were all convicted. Three were sentenced to be shot. Williams, the youngest, who it was evident had been unduly in fluenced by the others, without having realized the consequences of the crime of desertion, was sentenced to imprisonment at hard 230 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, labor for the balance of his term of service, with the forfeiture of all pay and allowances except necessary clothing, and to be dishonorably discharged at the expiration of the sentence and term of service. On February 6, the sentences of the four deserters, convicted by court-martial, having been forwarded to department head-quarters for approval by the commanding general, were returned with direc tions to execute the terms of sentence within twenty-four hours after receiving the order. This most painful announcement was therefore made to the prisoners by the provost marshal, and the sentences read to them by Adjt. Carruthers, at 3 P. M. on the 6th. The time of execution was fixed for 3 P. M. on February 7. Every precaution had from the first been taken to prevent the escape of the prisoners, who were ironed and doubly guarded. Several attempts to file off the irons had been detected and frustrated. During the night of the 6th, Goodrich, being attended to the sink by a corporal, while returning to his cell, one handcuff not having been refastened, suddenly managed to throw off all his irons, which had evi dently been cut previously, and ran past the guard. The corporal fired after him and, with others of the guard, started in pursuit. He eluded them in the darkness and made his escape. James Wilson and James Thompson were shot, at 3 P. M., on the 7th, in conformity with orders received, the Regiment being under arms and formed in line near the place of execution. The citizens, also, were assembled to witness the painful scene. A de tail of twelve men, for a firing party, with a reserve of equal num ber, was made. This solemn and deeply painful duty was met, by those whose province it was to obey the orders, with quiet firmness, impressive of the stern necessity of the lesson. The prisoners met their fate firmly and bravely. On the 8th, three hundred men of the Regiment, under command of Maj. Pennypacker, skirmished the entire island, from the picket lines to the south end, searching for the escaped prisoner, Goodrich, without success. This force passed the night on the beach, at the end of the island, and returned to camp the next morning. The search was continued, by the patrol and a detail of scouts, for several days. Goodrich remained secreted, in a dense thicket, near the town, until the 12th, when he was encountered by the pa trol, in the woods, and recaptured after a desperate chase and resist ance, being several times slightly wounded. His execution was de ferred until the orders of the department head-quarters could be 1863 1 EXPEDITION TO CAMP COOPER. 231 ascertained, in the hope of a commutation of his sentence. Orders were, however, received, on February 2(5, to have the sentence carried out within twenty-four hours. lie was accordingly executed, at 3 P. M., on the 27th, under similar arrangements and attendance as on the 7th. On the 9th, a detachment of two hundred and ninety men of the Regiment, commanded by Maj. Pennypacker, crossed to the main land, at the railroad bridge, for the purpose of advancing against the enemy, at Camp Cooper. The men were provided with two days cooked rations, forty rounds of ammunition, and marched in light marching order. At dark, Maj. Pennypacker s force crossed the stream, and was ready to start inland at 8.30 P. M. At 9 A. M., on the same day, Capt. Lewis, of Company F, with twenty-five men of his company and a detachment of sailors, from the U. S. brig Perry, with two howitzers; also a detachment of men from the naval schooner Para; had embarked on the steamer Island City, with orders to proceed to the mouth of the Nassau River and to advance up that river about fifty miles, by its course, to a point opposite to Camp Cooper, to co-operate with the land forces, under command of Maj. Pennypacker, the object being to withdraw attention from the approach of the latter. During the trip up the river, shot and shell were fired at every point where rebel pickets might be lurking. As the steamer ap proached a large sawmill and dwelling, several shots were fired. When nearing the house, a white flag was seen, which, upon close inspection, proved to be a white petticoat fastened to a broomstick, vigorously waved by a young lady, who stood upon a pile of slab cuttings, by the mill. Firing was suspended and the steamer an chored. Lieut. Wainwright, Company F, was sent ashore, with some men, to communicate with those he might find at the place. The young lady met him and conducted him to the house, which he entered, and found another lady who proved to be a Mrs. Holmes, the wife of the mill owner. Lieut. Wainwright, observing a table set, ready for tea, for six, inquired if there were any other persons in the house. Receiving a negative reply, he inquired why she had set six plates upon the table for two ladies. She became confused, but quickly replied that she expected company to tea. The ladies were then taken on board the steamer, to prevent their communi cating with the enemy. The steamer then proceeded further up the river to a well-protected position and anchored, for the night, to 232 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, await the operations of Maj. Pennypacker. The next morning, the steamer returned, left the unwilling lady prisoners at their house, and passed further down the river, to make connection with the land force. Maj. Pennypacker advanced along the railroad about four miles, then struck off to the left, traversing a road through a pine wood for several miles, again came upon the railroad, his march being- guided by the assistance of Sergt. Nichols, the men who had ex plored the route with him, and by a Mr. Grisham and two colored guides, who were perfectly familiar with the locality; crossed the railroad one mile from Lofton Bridge; then proceeded along what was called Hart Road until passing Lofton Swamp, the headwaters of Lofton Creek, where, at 3 A. M., Maj. Pennypacker ordered a halt and sent forward a reconnoitering party, in addition to his ad vance guard, to examine the country. The scouts soon returned, reporting that Camp Cooper was on the right of this road, about one mile in advance. Maj. Pennypacker then moved his battalion silently and cau tiously forward and formed in line on the northwest side of the camp, disposing his force so as to close in upon three sides of it at once. His scouts reported a few sentinels on camp guard and a few men around the camp fires. At the first dawn of daylight, Maj. Pennypacker led his force upon the camp. His men, sweeping through it, found it almost deserted. A few prisoners and their horses were captured, from whom it was learned that the force sta tioned there, three companies of the East Fla. Cav., commanded by Maj. Harrison, had marched, on the 8th, to Camp Finnigan, in the vicinity of Jacksonville. The camp was large and well located. There being no apprehension of an attack, but few men had been left to have a care of the property, consisting of a small amount of inferior stores and clothing. These, together with the officers quarters, a few rude shanties, were all destroyed; a few trophies, camp utensils, cavalry sabres, etc., were secured by the men. After resting for an hour, the force started to return to Fernan- dina, reaching the drawbridge at 2 P. M. On the return march, Maj. Pennypacker dispatched Companies B and K, under command of Capt. Savage, of Company B, to communicate with Capt. Lewis force on the Nassau River, at Nassau Mills, and return with him on the steamer. On the return trip, the forces on the Island City shelled the woods on both sides to drive away the rebel guerrillas 1864 1 CAPTURE OF CAMP COOPER. 23U who were seen lurking along the hanks, watching for opportunity to fire upon the men crowded on the steamer. Maj. Pennypacker also dispatched a small force to Clark s rebel picket station, which found nothing except a few head of cattle in corral. The soldiers marched well, without straggling. An incident occurred during this expedition which is worthy of notice, heing but little known in the Regiment beyond those con cerned in the matter. As the steamer lay at anchor, in Nassau River, in the early morning sunlight, the glitter of bayonets was noticed far over the marshes up the river. After considerable specu lation in reference to it, in connection with the understanding that the land forces should join the steamer somewhere on the river, Lieut. Wainwright was directed to take a boat s crew of five sailors and a guard of soldiers and proceed up one of the little confluent streams which traverse the marshes, make a landing on the main land, reconnoitre the position and ascertain the character of the force. About a mile from the steamer a landing was effected, on a sparsely wooded point of land, considerably covered with under growth. Leaving the sailors with the boat, Lieut. Wainwright deployed his few men. His left protected by the marsh, but his right un protected, he commenced a cautious forward movement up the river. Before getting out of sight of his boat he observed men, in rebel uniforms, advancing around his right flank, completely cutting off his retreat. Turning toward the boat, he observed the sailors, who had also noticed the advancing rebel uniforms, now pulling for life toward the steamer to save themselves. The situation was ex tremely alarming to Lieut. Wainwright and his men. The pros pect of Libby and Andersonvillc Prisons became more inevitable as still other rebel uniforms came pouring in on the right, but, sin gular enough, now mixed with the Union blue. Close observation proved that the party was none other than a part of the force sent against Camp Cooper, Companies B and K, of the 97th P. V., de tailed by Maj. Pennypacker to join the force on Nassau River and for whom they were now waiting. The men had captured, among other trophies, some rebel uniforms, which they had donned for the fun of the thing, a somewhat dangerous practical joke, which, fortu nately, resulted without harm. A hearty laugh was indulged in all around. The sailors were signaled to return with the boat, which they did with considerable chagrin, much to the amusement of the 234 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, whole party. The two companies were also taken on board the steamer, which returned to Fernandina the same evening. Adjt. Carruthers accompanied Maj. Pennypacker on the expedi tion and rendered very valuable assistance. The guides especially Mr. E. G. Grisham being entirely familiar with the country, their assistance was indispensable. The colored guides, Prince and Charles, also rendered efficient service. Had the expedition been undertaken a few days earlier, the result might have proved more satisfactory. The march embraced a circuit of fifty miles within twenty-four hours. The force reached camp at 10.30 P. M., on the 10th, the men quite ready for a night s rest. It had been determined, by Gen. Gillmore, to send an expedi tion to Woodstock Mills and King s Ferry Mills, on the St. Mary s River, Ga., for the purpose of procuring lumber and mill gearing to be used in the department. The command of the land force was given to Maj. Pennypacker, Avho received orders from Col. Guss to march with about three hundred men of the 97th P. V. He had also received written orders from Maj. T. B. Brooks, aid-de-camp to Gen. Gillmore, in regard to the expedition. That officer started up the St. Mary s River with the transports, accompanied by the U. S. naval schooner Para, commanded by Act g Master E. G. Furber, the expedition being under the direction of Maj. Brooks. On February 15, the land force left Fernandina, provided with two days cooked rations, forty rounds of ammunition, and in lignt marching order, again accompanied by the guides, Mr. Grisham and the negroes, Prince and Charles; crossed on the Island City to Clark s Landing, on Amelia river, opposite Fernandina, and half an hour before daylight commenced the march toward the Mills, dis tant nearly thirty-three miles. The march was made in good order, having flankers and an advance guard well out, no straggling being permitted. Persons living along the road, who could give informa tion, were obliged to march with the column until it arrived at its destination, which was reached at sunset. It was a hard day s march and the road unusually difficult. The men became somewhat jaded and footsore, but the march was not materially retarded. When within two miles of the Mills, twenty picked men, under Lieut. CosgrifF, Company F, were sent forward, through bypaths, to surprise and capture the enemy s picket post, supposed to be sta tioned at the Mills. The object was to prevent the lumber being fired, it having been reported that a picket was kept on the watch, 1864 J EXPEDITION TO WOODSTOCK AND KING S FERRY MILLS. with orders to burn the lumber and mills on the approach of any Union force. Lieut. Cosgriff and his men reached there without encountering any force and in ample time to baffle any attempt to destroy the property by the residents. Upon the arrival of Maj. Pennypacker s command, he threw out pickets along the river for nearly a mile; also on the Georgia side for half a mile, and the same distance to the rear of his position, on the south side of the river posted guards for the protection of private property, and then bivouacked his command. On the following morning, the men, under direction of Mr. Sharp, an experienced raftsman, set to work building rails of the lumber found at Woodstock Mills, said to belong to the estate of Mr. Edwin Alberti, deceased. Experienced negro raftsmen also accompanied the expedition to assist in making rafts. Picket duty was constantly maintained to guard against surprise, requiring active vigilance, being far from support in the enemy s country. Upon one occasion, while Company A was on picket, on the road leading toward Jacksonville, about midnight, the sound of approaching steps was heard by the guard on duty, and a mass of moving objects could be discerned in the darkness. The number seemed to indicate a body of troops coming cautiously toward the line. Leveling his piece, the guard commanded a "halt!" in a loud determined tone, intending to fire if the command was not instantly complied with. It was, however, promptly obeyed. " Who comes there ? " was called by the guard. The response rang out upon the midnight air, " Oh, massa, we is colored people." It was ascertained to be a party of eleven contrabands, men, women and children, ragged, hungry and cold, seeking a refuge from the unrelenting fetters of a merciless bondage. They were sent to head-quarters and provided with food and shelter, much to their delight and grati tude. Maj. Brooks, with the transports, reached the Mills during the afternoon of the 16th. Under his direction, the work was continued until the 20th, when he relinquished the charge of the entire com mand to Maj. Pennypacker and returned to Fernandina. A large amount of lumber, most of it very valuable, was sent to Fernan dina, from the Woodstock and King s Ferry Mills, near to the former. The property at the latter was said to have belonged to a Mr. Germond, whose abandoned residence was near by. Lieut. J. T. Skiles, Company B, served as acting adjutant. Asst. 236 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, Surgeon W. C. Morrison accompanied the detachment to give the requisite attention to those who might require his services. Two rebel deserters, four refugees and about twenty-five negroes came inside the lines at the Mills, and were sent to Fernandina to report to the provost marshal. Two prisoners, captured on the march to the Mills, were also sent under guard to the provost mar shal. They were supposed to belong to the rebel army, but were subsequently released. While operating at Woodstock Mills, Maj. Pennypacker dis patched Company F, under command of Capt. Lewis, on a raid on the Georgia side of the river, for the purpose of effectually destroy ing the telegraph communication between Tallahassa, Fla., and Sa vannah, Ga. It had already been cut in one or two places, but communication had been kept up by a new and temporary connec tion that eluded discovery. The object was successfully accomplished by following the line from Traders Hill, near King s Ferry Mills, along the river and across the swamps for a distance of nearly fifteen miles without interruption by the enemy. The new connection was finally discovered at a point where a wire branched off into a hollow tree so close to the line as to almost defy detection. The wire led off from the roots of the tree into the swamp, and thence by a concealed route to reconnect with the line beyond the part destroyed. A rebel mail carrier was captured during the raid and his mail secured. On the return march, a portion of the rebel Gen. Clinch s command was ascertained to be making an attempt to intercept Capt. Lewis command, but he effected his return to the Mills in safety. On February 22, Maj. Pennypacker received orders to return with his entire force to Fernandina with all possible dispatch. The order was in consequence of the disaster to the forces under Gen. Seymour, at Olustee, Fla., on February 20. During the preparations for de parture, a rebel cavalry force, that had several times appeared on the Georgia side approaching the line of pickets for the purpose of ob servation, made some demonstrations of advance. Maj. Pennypacker sent Company B, with ten men of Company A, under command of Capt. Savage, Company B, across the St. Mary s River to reconnoi tre the situation beyond the picket. After going a short distance, they encountered and drove in rebel pickets, consisting of cavalry and infantry. Going some distance further without meeting any larger force, Capt. Savage returned, having three men of Company B wounded slightly, viz.: Corp. James Jackson, in foot, Private EXPEDITION TO WOODSTOCK AND KING S FERRY MILLS. 237 Henry A. Lamping, in left ankle, and Private Joseph Schrobenthal, in foot. Having embarked his troops on the steamers Island City and Harriet A. Weed, Maj. Pennypacker started to return, the schooner Para being taken in tow by the Harriet A. Weed. Four rafts, that were ready to have been towed down the river, were cut adrift in order that they might float down with the tide. The ex pedition reached Fernandina, on the 23d, without casualty during the absence of the force except the instances previously noted. About one million five hundred thousand feet of lumber had been secured by the troops. The schooner Para captured a small river steamer, named Hard Times, of little value a kind of scow with a small engine. While on the expedition, rations were sometimes short, when some com plaint, mingled with many very amusing practical jokes, occurred among the men; they were, however, always obedient and cheerful, being disposed to make the best of circumstances. An account of the expedition which appeared in the New South, a paper published at Hilton Head, S. C., dated March 5, 1864, is mainly correct in its statements: "Oue of the most successful raids, for one executed by a small force of men, that has taken place in this department, was accomplished by the 97th Pennsyl vania Regiment in the early part of last week. The entire expedition was under the command of Maj. Brooks, of Gen. Gillmore s staff. It was so planned that the troops comprising the expedition should reach the point of destination at about the same time as did the Independent Battalion, Mass. Cav., under the command of Maj. Stevens, which started from Barber s, Fla., on Sunday morning, February 1-t. "At uight, of the same day, three hundred men of the 97th P. V., commanded by Maj. G. Pennypacker, crossed the river at Fernandina, Fla., to the opposite shore. They then marched up that side of the St. Mary s River, keeping as near its bank as practicable, until they came to King s Ferry, the point of destination and which is distant from Fernandina forty-five miles. On the march up they met with uo opposition, although they expected and were prepared to encounter more or less of the (Juemy. "On the morning of the following Tuesday, two hundred others, of the 97th P. V., embarked on board four army transports, including the Harriet A. Weed, which carried three guns, and proceeded up the St. Mary s River, also bound for King s Ferry. The transports were accompanied by one mortar schooner, the Para. Maj. Brooks went with the river force, on the Harriet A. Weld. On the passage up the river, several shots were fired into the woods, on either side, for the purpose of annoying the enemy, but the firing failed to bring any rebels to Tiew. * * * 238 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, " The main object of the expedition was to seize a large quantity of lumber that was in the vicinity of the ferry, information of which had reached Gen Gillmore, who ordered the raid to be made. In this respect, the expedition could not have been more successful. At the ferry above, was found seven hundred thousand feet of the best prepared pine, and, about six miles further up, an additional eight hundred thousand feet. A widow lady, Mrs. Alberti, claims ownership of the lumber at the ferry. She resides there and professes to be a strong adherent to the Union. She said three years ago she could have readily disposed of the lumber for $50,000. Her case will, of course, be investigated and her claim re ceive due attention. "In five days, fully one half of the lumber had been rafted and towed down to Feruandina. Besides the rafts of lumber, the decks of the steamers were loaded. St. Mary s River being very serpentine, it was by no means an easy matter to pilot a steamer with rafts in tow. In one instance, a raft became de tached and floated under the wheels of the Nelly Baker, causing a breakage of three paddles; the accident, however, did not prevent the steamer from pro ceeding on her trip." Another account of the expedition appeared, February 25, 1864, in the Peninsular, a paper published at Fernandina, Fla. After giving a description of the mills and the object of the expedition, thus refers to the part performed by the 97th P. V.: "* To prevent the destruction of the property by the rebels, on the approach of our boats, *a detachment, from the 97th P. Y., under command of that brave and accomplished young officer, Maj. Gr. Pennypacker, of that Regiment, was dispatched overland, a distance of nearly forty miles, through ponds, creeks and woods, accomplishing the entire distance in about twelve hours, capturing on their way the notorious guerilla, Capt. Wilds, who strenu ously denied that he was the man, but was forced to yield himself up, on the testimony of a man who had formerly been his slave, and who clinched the matter with: You tink I don t knovy you, when you own me so long? "The detachment arrived in time and secured possession of the property. The boats steamed their way slowly up the river, shelling all suspicious places on the banks as they advanced. On their arrival, the men were immediately put to work constructing rafts, loading the boats and some scows found there. "At this time, the best portion of the lumber has been landed at the wharves here and at Hilton Head, a vessel load having, been sent to that place. The success of the expedition is in striking contrast with similar ones, planned at a previous period, by different parties, for the St. John s, which resulted in giving the rebels timely notice of their approach so that they kindled large fires in honor of their coming, which, unfortunately, consumed not only the lumber but the mills which sawed it * * *" During the absence of Maj. Pennypacker s command, the other companies of the Regiment were paid, on February 19, by Maj. 1864.] RETURN FROM WOODSTOCK AND KING S FERRY MILLS. 239 Edmund J. Porter, paymaster U. S. Vols., who remained until the return of the St. Mary s expedition, when those companies were also paid for the two months ending December 31. 18G3. Maj. Porter was an agreeable, accommodating gentleman, very pleasing to the men. Desirous of avoiding mistakes, he insisted upon their counting their money before leaving the pay table. On February 20, Brev. Lieut Cols. Michael R. Morgan and Richard R. Jackson, of Gen. Gillmore s staff, the latter inspector general of the department, inspected the sanitary condition of the post hospital. They pronounced it in the best condition of any visited by them and complimented Dr. Everhart, post surgeon, very highly for admirable management and success in bringing his de partment into such order and excellent condition. The post hos pital and regimental quarters were inspected, on previous occasions, by Lieut. Col. Peter Pino, medical inspector, U. S. A., and Surgeons Horace R. Wirtz and Ebenezer Swift, U. S. A., all of whom attested their high appreciation of the excellent sanitary condition at the post. Adj. Carruthers, acting assistant inspector general of the post, regularly inspected the quarters, company and regimental property and all public departments at the post. On February 21, news of the defeat of Gen. Seymour, at Olustee, on the 2()th, reached Fernandina. This intelligence caused the with drawal of Maj. Penny packer s command from Woodstock Mills, as already stated. Reaching Fernandina late on the evening of the 23d, the naval vessels incautiously fired their guns, shot and shell charged, across the swamps, causing considerable alarm at the post which for a time created apprehensions of attack by the enemy. Subsequently, a reconnoisance was made up the St. Mary s River, by the steamer Island City, having on board Company F of the 97th P. V., commanded by Capt D. W. C. Lewis. At the village of St. Mary s, they encountered and drove away the enemy s pickets and brought off a large boiler-iron chimney from one of the mills in that place, which was sent to Jacksonville, for use in one of the government sawmills there. After procuring the chimney, the steamer proceeded several miles up the river searching for the rafts of lumber that had been set adrift when the forces left Woodstock Mills. On February 24, Surgeon John R. Everhart, having received a short leave of absence, his first since entering the service, started home. 240 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, On February 25, Lieut. John McGrath was relieved from duty, in the commissary department, by Lieut. Henry Odiorne, Company D. On the 26th, the men who had received furloughs in January re turned to the Regiment. During February, there was but one man discharged, Chandler Miller, substitute, of Company C, by order of Secretary of War, Special Order No. 51, dated War Department, Adjutant General s Office, Washington, D. C., February 2, 1864. He was under eighteen years of age, and had entered the service without the con sent of his parents. Daniel Morgan, Company E, died, on the 26th, of consumption. On March 5, Col. H. R. Guss and Capt. Price, provost marshal, with part of Company C, on the steamer Island City, went to Clark s Landing, having with them a refugee from the rebel district who came over at the railroad bridge, on the 2d. He had arranged with his family, before leaving them, to come to Clark s at that time. For some cause they failed to get there. They subsequently came, and, making signals which were observed, a boat was dispatched which brought them safely to Fernandina. On the 12th, Conscript William Wilkins, Company C, who had several times attempted to desert, and had been kept in confinement for a time, managed to elude the guard and secret himself upon the steamer Boston before leaving the wharf for Jacksonville. When it was discovered that he was missing, a boat was sent through the inland channel, Back River, to intercept the Boston on the St. John s River. The pursuing party, commanded by Lieut. F. J. Eachus, Company C, met the Boston, but failed to find the deserter, who was never recaptured. It is supposed he managed to effectually con ceal his presence on the boat, and escaped to the enemy, at Jackson ville. Capt. Johnson afforded every facility for this search, and there was no blame attached to any of his officers, the conceal ment being wholly a success of the deserter, aided perhaps by some of the subordinates among the crew. Early in January, 1864, efforts were made by the War Depart ment to induce the men, whose term of service would expire during the current year, to re-enlist as veterans. General Order No. 190, dated Adjutant General s Office, War Department, Washington, D. C., June 25, 1863, authorized the re-enlistment of men who had less than one year to serve. The order not being fully promulgated in the department until late in November, but few men had re-enlisted. 1SC4 J FERNANDINA. RE-ENLISTMENT OF VETERANS. 241 With a view to more active interest in this direction, it was deter mined to appoint a recruiting officer for each regiment that had served over two years. To this duty, 1st Lieut. James T. Skiles, Company B, was appointed about January 1:2. Additional induce ments of bounty and a thirty days furlough were announced. Great interest began now to be manifested by the men. The time of re- enlistment having been extended to March 1, three hundred and thirty-seven of the men originally enlisted, and recruits, who had served over two years, now re-enlisted for three years or during the war. A large number of the recruits, who had not quite reached the requisite time of service, were desirous of re-enlisting, but could not do so under the order. The number re-enlisted in each com pany was as follows: Company A, twenty-one; Company B, forty- three; Company C, ten; Company D, fifty-one; Company E, twenty- five; Company F, forty-five; Company G, thirty-five, Company H, thirty-two; Company I, thirty-six; Company K, thirty-seven; non commissioned staff, one; total, three hundred and thirty-seven. In some of the companies, the re-enlistments included every eligible man who passed the surgeon s examination. On March 16, the veterans were remustered into the service (to date from the day previous to enrollment as veterans) by 1st Lieut. Martin Van Buren Richardson, 4th N. H. Vols., assistant commis sary of musters, who came to the post for the purpose, the men each receiving a discharge before being remustered. The non-com missioned officers were reappointed, to date from re-enlistment, new warrants being issued by the colonel commanding. On March 27, the veterans, under command of Capt. William S. Mendenhall, Company D, embarked on the steamer Delaware to proceed to Hilton Head, to take passage for New York. Their fur loughs, of thirty days, were to date from the time of arrival at West Chester, to be duly issued by their company officers. The names of these veterans will be found properly designated upon the record rolls. As the veterans left the harbor of Fernandina, on the evening of the 27th, they were heartily cheered by their comrades, who reluc tantly remained behind. The following officers of the Regiment accompanied the veterans upon their return : Ass t Surgeon Morri son; Capt. Savage and Lieut. Skiles, Company B; Licuts. Eachus, Jompany C; Wainwright, Company F; Yarnall, Company G. They remained encamped at Hilton Head about a week, during 16 242 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, which time they received their pay and bounty. Before starting, they were joined by Col. Guss and Adjt. Carruthers, who had each received a leave of absence to accompany the veterans home, this being the first time Col. Guss had been absent from his command since entering the service. His daughter and cousin, Mrs. War ner, who had spent the winter with him, at Fernandina, also re turned home. Lieut. Col. Duer went to Hilton Head, at this time, to confer with the department commander, in regard to his resignation, ten dered some time previously. When leave of absence was granted to Post Adjt. H. W. Car- rruthes, 2d Lieut. Henry Kauffman, Jr., Company C, was detailed, by order of Col. H. II. Guss, as acting post adjutant and acting ad jutant 97th P. V. until the return of Adjt. Carruthers. During March, 1864, there were no discharges nor any deaths in the Regiment. Upon the departure of Col. Guss, from Fernandina, on April 2, Maj. Pennypacker assumed command of the post, pursuant to the following order: HEAD-QUARTERS U. S. FORCES, FERNANDINA, FLA., April 2, 1864. General Orders No. 10: The undersigned, being the senior officer at the post, hereby as sumes command of the U. S. forces at Fernandina, Fla. All existing orders will continue in force until formally rescinded or modified by subsequent orders. [Signed] G. PENNYPACKER, Major 97th P. V., Comdt. Post. Lieut. Col. Duer returned to Fernandina, about April 5, but did not assume command at the post. Having tendered his resigna tion, on account of a chronic complaint, necessitating a change of climate, he was in daily expectation of receiving notice of its ac ceptance. This notice being received about the 7th, he was honor ably discharged the service and returned home on the 9th. The vacancy occasioned by his resignation was filled by the pro motion of Maj. G. Pennypacker to lieutenant colonel. The senior captain, Isaiah Price, Company C, was then promoted to major of the Regiment. Some delay occurred in forwarding their commis sions Those officers, however, entered upon the duties of their ap- KERNANDINA. RESIGNATIONS AND PROMOTIONS. 243 pointment and were subsequently authorized to take rank in their respective grades from April 3, 18(>4. Adjt. Carruthers was also promoted to captain, Company C, but owing to the delay referred to in receiving commissions, and being subsequently prevented from muster, by casualties that delayed tin 1 muster of the above-named field officers, he continued to perform the duties of adjutant. The usual post and garrison duty was continued without particular incident to note. On April 10, ten enlisted men were discharged, on surgeon s certificate of disability. One of the number, Private Jacob H. Bavington, Company A, being unable to leave his bed, died, ten days later, of hemorrhage of the lungs. Alexander Graham, sub stitute of Company II, died, of heart disease, same date. When the Regiment was relieved, at Fernandina, another substitute, Samuel Stillwell, Company F, was left at Fort Clinch, under sentence of court-martial, having refused to perform duty. lie died of con sumption. These men were buried in the cemetery near Old Town. On April 13, 2d Lieut, Henry Odiorne, Company D, acting post commissary, since February 25, was relieved, by order of Gen. Gill- more and directed to report to Capt. and Brev. Lieut. Col. Michael 11. Morgan, U. S. A., chief commissary of subsistence at Hilton Head, by whom he was detailed as acting commissary of subsistence of the 2d brigade, 1st division, 10th Corps, upon which duty he continued until about August 1. On the 18th, the Regiment was paid by Maj. E. J. Porter, pay master U. S. Vols., for the two months ending February 29, 1864. Previous promotions of line officers had now made vacancies for the advancement of a number of worthy non-commissioned offi cers. Commissions were received for the following, several of whom were absent on veteran furlough: 1st Sergt. Abel Griffith, Company A, to be 1st lieutenant, vice Peace, resigned; Sergt. Isaac J. Bur ton, same company, to be 2d lieutenant, vice Weber, transferred; 1st Sergt. Jacob G. Lowry, Company B, to be 2d lieutenant, vice Skiles, promoted; 1st Sergt. George W. Duff ee, Company I, to be 2d lieutenant, vice Knapp, resigned; 1st Lieut. Samuel V. Black, Company K, to be captain, vice Wayne, resigned; 1st Sergt. Levi L. March, same company, to be 2d lieutenant, vice 2d Lieut. Samuel V. Black, promoted to 1st lieutenant. Several of these appoint ments had been announced some time previously; the commissions being delayed, a second promotion in some instances occurred. 244 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, On April 22, the steamer Monohansett arrived at Fernandina, having on board the 157th N. Y., commanded by Col. P. P. Brown, with orders to relieve the 97th P. V. Maj. Pennypacker then issued the following order to his com mand : HEAD-QUARTERS U. S. FORCES, FERNANDINA, FLA., April 22, 1864. General Orders No. 13. The 97th P. V., now at this post, having been ordered to be re lieved by the 157th N. Y., commanding officers of companies and detachments will at once prepare their commands for departure. Four (4) days cooked rations will be provided, two (2) days of which will be in haversacks. Staff officers, accountable for public property belonging to the post, will turn over such property to their respective successors. This will be accomplished as expeditiously as possible. Officers commanding outposts, provost or picket guards, will care fully turn over all written and oral instructions when relieved; and, after loading their baggage upon the wagons sent to them, march their commands, if detachments, to their respective company head quarters; if companies, to the camp of the 97th P. V., at this place. Companies A and G will go on board the transport at Sear s Dock; the other companies at Fernandina. Surplus ordnance stores will be carefully packed, in order that they may not be injured by transportation. Baggage, other than company and regimental property, will be reduced as much as possible; nothing to be taken that is not essentially requisite. All officers and enlisted men on special or daily duty at, or who are detailed by orders from the head-quarters of this post are here by relieved, and will report as soon as practicable to their imme diate commanders. By order of MAJ. G. PENNYPACKER. [Signed] HENRY KAUFFMAN, JR., 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Post Adj. In conformity with the foregoing order, the officers therein en joined promptly fulfilled its requirements and were ready to embark, early on the morning of the 23d, within about twenty hours after notification; all having their accounts, papers, etc., properly made out and the property duly transferred to their respective successors. 1864 -1 DEPARTURE FROM FERNANDINA. 245 In addition to the property and responsibilities transferred by the provost marshal, there were one hundred and nine prisoners in his charge to be turned over to his successor, Capt. J. Clayton Atwater, 157th N. Y. Vols., with a list of the names, company and regiment of each man, with the papers recording the action of the courts- martial in each case. Mr. John F. Forrest, regimental sutler, remained behind to close up his business and dispose of his stock. He did not again rejoin the Regiment. After returning home, he engaged in business, in Philadelphia, where he continues at the present time. Having been duly relieved by the 157th N. Y. Vols., the 97th P. V. embarked on the steamer Monohansett, during the afternoon of the 23d, and was ready to go to sea at 5 P. M.; but the weather being very rough, the steamer small and quite crowded, it was de cided to anchor off Old Fernandina for the night. At 6 A. M., on Sunday, the 24th, though still cloudy and rough, started to sea, ran out about ten miles, but, the storm being on the increase, the steamer was put about to return. A dense fog soon settled upon the coast, rendering it impossible to sight the buoys at the entrance to the harbor. Fortunately, the steamer ran close on the outer one, which enabled the pilot to make the entrance, thus narrowly avoiding a perilous time in the fog on a treacherous coast. At 5 P. M., the weather being clear, though the sea was still quite rough, the steamer was again started for Port Royal. After a rough and uncomfortable night at sea, on a small, overcrowded, unseaworthy craft, the Regiment arrived safely at Hilton Head, at 10 A. M., on April 25, where the steamer cast anchor in the home like harbor of Port Royal. 246 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, CHAPTER VIII. ARMY OF THE JAMES; CAPTURE OF CITY POINT; ADVANCE THROUGH BERMUDA HUNDRED; RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG RAILROAD AND TELEGRAPH DESTROYED; SWIFT CREEK, DRURY S BLUFF, FORT DARLING AND FOSTER S PLACE; APRIL 25 TO MAY 20, 1864. PON reporting his arrival at head-quarters, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker received orders to transfer his Regiment to the splendid ocean steamer North Star, on board of which the 3d N. H., embarked at the same time. Being the senior officer in rank, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker assumed command of the troops on board, having received directions to proceed to Fortress Monroe, to join the main portion of Gen. Gillmore s command, then ordered to Virginia to take part in movements being organized there. The steamer started at 10 A. M. on the 26th. While the men were being transferred to the North Star, it became evident that some of the conscripts and substitutes had obtained access to a supply of whisky. Very soon, scenes of wild disorder commenced below, among some of the most turbulent of the roughs. Capt. Hawkins, officer of the day, went down, and, with the assistance of some of the other officers, arrested with considerable difficulty about a dozen of the most riotous. These were disarmed, taken forward and placed under guard. Efforts were then made to find out the source from whence the ardent was being obtained. Meanwhile, one of the men under guard dashed wildly from confinement, seized a musket and came charging with fixed bayonet toward Lieut. Col. Penny- packer and Capts. Hawkins and Price. Capt. Hawkins ordered him to halt, at the same time drawing his revolver. Disregarding the command, the man still came on. Capt. Hawkins again cried out, " Halt! or you arc dead man," which having no effect, he fired just as the man was within a few feet of him. He fell hcavilv to the 1804 ] TRANSPORT NORTH STAR. GLOUCESTER POINT. 247 deck. The ball had passed directly through him, entering the right breast, near the median line, and coming out below the shoulder blade. It was thought the wound was mortal, lie was placed upon a stretcher and sent immediately ashore to the general hospital.* It was soon found that whisky was being supplied by the coal heavers, who, having secreted several demijohns under the coal, in New York, were selling it to the men at fabulous prices some had paid ten dollars per canteen. A coal heaver, whose movements awakened suspicion, was captured with five of them stowed in the pockets of an old overcoat, while on his way to deliver his contracts. He was turned over to the ship s captain for punishment, but that officer stating his inability to punish without subjecting himself to arrest and civil process, upon returning to Xew York, the man was placed in charge of Capt. Hawkins, officer of the day, for punish ment, He was then placed in irons and secured to a prominent position in view of the men and the crew, where he was confined during the voyage to Fortress Monroe. This effectually stopped the traffic in whisky and its resulting disorder. At Fortress Monroe, Va., on the morning of the 28th, Maj. Pennypacker landed and proceeded to the head-quarters of Ikev. Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, where he received orders to join Gen. But ler s command, then at Gloucester Point, Va., organizing for an ex pedition up the James River. Asst. Surgeon George W. Miller, having been discharged, at Hilton Head, S. C., on April 25, to accept promotion, left the Regi ment, at Fortress Monroe. He was subsequently appointed to the charge of Summit House Hospital, near Philadelphia. Capt. W. McConnell, Company E, having resigned, on account of failing health, was honorably discharged, on the 25th, and returned to his home, at West Chester. Capt. George R. Guss, who had remained with the Regiment, at Fcrnandina, also returned home from Fortress * Nothing was beard of him until about two months afterward, when a man came into Capt. Hawkins tent, at the front, and holding out his hand, said, "Well. captain, how are you?" Capt. Hawkins replied, "I am well enough, but I don t think I know you." He replied, "Why, I am the man you shot on the North Star. I was drunk, and expect I deserved it; but I m all right now and ready for duty. The man belonged to Capt. Hawkins company. His wound, made by a small conical ball, had closed without causing any considerable hemorrhage, the internal wound being drained while he lay upon his back. There had been but little inflammation his recovery had been rapid and complete. HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, Monroe. The following enlisted men, discharged, at Fernandina, on surgeon s certificate of disability, having accompanied the Regi ment to this point, bade adieu to their comrades and returned home : Privates John W. Dowlin and Joseph L. Thomas, Company A; Amor N. Chalfant, Company B; Patrick Collins, Thomas Dallas and Michael Dunlavy, Company E; Joseph R. Richardson, Com pany F; Corp. Thomas W. Durnall, Company H, and Private James Lafferty, Company I. Drum Maj. St. John, being unable to march, received a furlough and returned with these discharged men, accompanied by Mrs. St. John, who now parted regretfully and with emotion from "her boys," as she used to call those for whose welfare she had cared so long and so faithfully. The North Star reached Gloucester Point on the evening of the 28th. The troops landed and marched about two miles to encamp on the banks of York River, in an old tobacco field. The 55th P. V., being encamped near by, furnished the Regiment with hot coffee and extended to it a cordial welcome, which was gladly re ceived as coming from old friends. The men were now furnished with shelter tents. About thirty thousand troops were encamped near together and were being thoroughly refitted for active service. The 10th Corps was reorganized. The 97th P. V. was placed in the 3d brigade, 3d division. The brigade, consisting of the 55th and 97th P. V., 4th N. H. and the 8th and 9th Maine, was com manded by Col. Richard White, of the 55th P. V.; the division by Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames and the corps by Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gill- more, a commander greatly beloved by the troops of the 10th Corps, that served in the campaign upon Morris Island, in 1863. Surgeon John R. Everhart, 97th P. V., was appointed acting brigade surgeon, and Qr Mr. David Jones, 97th P. V., as acting assistant quarter-master, at the head-quarters of the 10th Corps, remaining until near the expiration of his term of service. 1st Lieut. John McGrath, Company E, 97th P. V., was detailed as regiment quarter-master; 2d Lieut. Henry Odiorne, Company D, was already detailed as acting commissary of subsistence, on the staff of Brig. Gen. Robert S. Foster, commanding 2d brigade, 1st division, 10th Corps. He rejoined the Regiment in August. Early on the morning of the 30th, there was a general inspection of the Regiment by Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, after which there was a grand review of all the troops at Gloucester Point, by Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, accompanied by Maj. Gens. Q. A. Gillmore and W. 1804.] ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES. 249 F. Smith and Brev. Maj. Gen. A. II. Terry, with their respective staff officers. It was an imposing display of about thirty thousand men in line, and occupied from 11 A. M. until dark. The march in review was in column by division. The men moved with the steadiness of veterans and received the admiration of the major general commanding. On the 31st, the 97th P. V. was inspected by a captain of the 9th Maine, and mustered for pay by Lieut. Col. Pennypacker. On the night of May 2, a severe storm of wind and rain, accom panied by thunder and lightning, swept over the encampment, prostrating the slight shelter tents of the men and the officers larger tents, completely drenching everybody. While at Gloucester Point, the troops were each day occupied in brigade and regimental drill, the companies being deployed in turn as skirmishers, and in all respects trained for the active campaign upon which they were about to enter. On May 4, marching orders were received and the embarkation of troops commenced. All was activity in the camps; officers hurrying back and forth with orders in preparation for the exodus. At 2 P. M., the 97th P. V. broke camp, marched to the landing and embarked on the transport Kingston. The l()th Corps being all on board the transports, anchored off Yorktown, Va. The expedition left Yorktown, about 10 P. M., on the 4th, and at daybreak, on the 5th, had anchored in Hampton Roads, Va. About twenty or thirty sick men were left in the hospital, at Fortress Monroe. At 6 A. M., the entire fleet weighed anchor at the signal from Gen. Butler s flag steamer, James Powell, and moved toward the mouth of James River, where the gunboats and moni tors of the naval force lay ready to proceed up the river. It was a grand sight, the starting of over one hundred transports crowded with men, moving in procession up the broad river, so long closed against all craft bearing the banner that now was proudly floating at every masthead of the fleet. At Newport-Newce,* there was a regiment of colored troops * Called by some Newport s News, from the first observance of the approach of Capt. Newport s supply ship, for the relief of the colony at Jamestown. By others, Newport-Newce, a compound of the names of Capt. Newport and Sir William Newce, a leading man and a marshal of Virginia, spelled Neuse in the earlier histories and later Newce Lossing s Civil War, Vol. I., page 500. 250 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [May, stationed. The country on either side of the river, beautiful and flourishing under culture, presented none of the ravages of war. Men at work in the fields were surprised at the sudden appearance of the fleet. In some instances, they hastily unhitched their teams and fled, while in others they quietly observed the fleet. Groups of watchers were also observed about the houses, mostly women, who could be plainly seen by the aid of a field glass, evidently not well pleased with the approach of the imposing armament. In one instance, white hand kerchiefs were waved, evincing a loyalty that was duly honored by the dipping of bunting and the waving of hats and handkerchiefs (the latter some shades from white) by the men on the transports. At 3 BATTERY AND CHURCH TOWER. SITE OF JAMESTOWN. I- M.., paSSed J amS- town, now only a deso lated ruin. A few crumbling- chimneys and the dilapidated tower of the ancient church, in which the early settlers worshiped, are all that is left to mark the site of the first settlement in the Old Dominion. Near it a battery, erected by the enemy, also de serted, already belongs to the past. Such is history! Its new plow share now turns up this old relic of the earliest colonial province to the view of thousands familiar with its traditions, who will re ceive inspiration from the suggestive lesson of its decay. May not these eventful influences, crystallizing into action the story of to day with its more than a hundred keels of an armed fleet, passing up this broad and beautiful river, bearing forty thousand stal wart men to the defence of an imperiled nation present, in time to come, an equally impressive contrast. From this, the children of the future city, that may arise above these ruins, based upon truer sources of prosperity and permanence, shall draw a moral as they reap the fruits, resulting from the eventful struggle of a free e-nlight- ened people in their heroic efforts to preserve the blessings of na tional integrity. Our fathers pledged each other in solemn compact to maintain and defend these, by their lives and sacred honor, as the last hope and refuge of justice and human equality. Thus, and thus JAMES RIVER. CAPTURE OF CITY POINT. 251 only, shall we perpetuate the untold blessings of so glorious an in heritance, by wresting it from the grasp of those who would spread over all the domain of our beautiful land the mildew and curse that have wrought the ruin and desolation of deserted Jamestown. At 6 P. M., the rear portion of the fleet had reached Harrison s Landing. The gunboats had advanced to City Point, Va., followed by a few of the transports. At this point, Gen. Butler s steamer, James Powell, returned to order forward some of the transports with troops to occupy City Point, which had been captured by the naval fleet throwing a few shell, which caused the rebels to hurry away. Some of the vessels ran up to the mouth of the Appomat- tox, to anchor for the night, the Kingston, with the 97th P. V., being of the number. The larger portion anchored off City Point, Gen. Heckman s brigade of Gen. Weitzel s division of the 18th Corps landed during the night, and, after driving the rebel pickets, bivouacked near the landing. Early on the morning of the 6th, the 10th Corps and the re mainder of 18th Corps disembarked at Bermuda Hundred Landing, on the south side of James River, three miles above the mouth of the Appomattox. The march inland was commenced immediately, the men having barely time to make coffee before starting. The force being divided into three columns, advanced by three routes, the right column having its right flank covered by the James River; its left joined the centre column, which moved with its right flank joining the right column and its left flank meeting the left column, which joined its right with the centre column and extended its left flank to the Appomattox. Gen. Heckman s brigade being on the extreme left, advanced toward Point of Rocks, and after some skir mishing, during a three hours march, halted at a rebel signal sta tion, capturing the new rebel signal code, equipments, etc. It was a very warm, sultry morning. The men soon began to throw away their extra clothing, blankets, knapsacks, etc., the road being strewn thickly with articles of clothing abandoned by the men. Orders had been issued, requiring the men to be provided with an extra pair of new shoes for the march. These were also thrown away. It was estimated that nearly twenty thousand pairs were lost. Wagon loads of shoes and clothing were seen later in the day, having been picked up by the inhabitants who remained and seemed loyal. After marching about three miles, the 3d division of the 10th Corps, which had been advancing with the centre column, 252 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [May, was ordered to return about a mile, to make a detour by a lateral road toward the left. This occasioned a very tiresome and difficult march, having to explore and skirmish the way as the advance was made. The men were very much exhausted by fatigue and the heat. At 12 o clock, a halt was ordered; the men were allowed to rest in the woods and have coffee made, the first partaken of on that day by most of the men. After the march was resumed, about 3 P. M., Gen. Butler rode past and was heartily cheered as he passed toward the front. The 5th N. Y. Art y also passed the corps while halted, about 4 P. M., and occupied the high ground at Foster s Plantation, which position was subsequently intrenched. At about 5 P. M., there was some musketry firing and can nonading heard on the left, toward the Appomattox. This action was between Gen. Heckman s brigade and the enemy and lasted about an hour, in which his forces drove the rebels twice, sustaining a loss of about eight killed and forty wounded. His advance was a reconnoisance to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy on the left, and was conducted with celerity and success. *ft~J*:S/W. LINE OP DEFENCE AT BERMUDA HUNDRED. At sunset, the three columns, having advanced about eight miles from the landing, bivouacked for the night upon a continuous line, which was subsequently intrenched and became the defensive front of Gen. Butler s command. The line extended from the James ADVANCE THROUGH BERMUDA HUNDRED. River on the right, at a point opposite to Dutch Gap, subsequently widely known as Dutch Gap Canal, across to the swamp of the Appomattox, on the left, Foster s Plantation being tlu> centre of the line. The 3d brigade was moved forward and occupied a position on the right of the road, near the buildings at Foster s, in a beau tiful clover lot, which afforded excellent beds for the tired men. Orders were issued to obstruct the road and adjacent fields, by re moving the fences and erecting barriers against an advance of cavalry. While engaged in this work, a woman came out of the house, at Foster s, and hurriedly dug up an earthen flower-pot from near a post which some of the 97th P. V. were about to remove. They did not disturb her movements, but allowed her to retire with her treasure concealed under her apron. When the work of obstructing the approaches was finished, the men partook heartily of their coffee and hard tack, then lay down to sleep, behind the line of arms in stack and remained undisturbed through the night. - . BUTLER S HEAD-QUARTERS NEAR DUTCH GAP. Gen. Butler established his head-quarters toward the right of the line, in a farm house, about a mile from the James River, opposite to Dutch Gap. On the 7th, Companies C and F, detailed for picket, were sta tioned in the wood, on the left, opposite to Foster s, about a quarter of a mile from the camp. A force of three brigades, from the 10th Corps, and two from the 18th, comnmnded by Brig. Gen. W. H. T. Brooks, of 1st division, l()th Corps, moved out toward the Richmond and Petersburg Rail road and met the enemy, under Gen. D. H. Hill, at Port Walthall Junction, where a brisk engagement ensued. Gen. Brooks forces succeeded in driving Hill beyond the Walthall branch of the rail 254 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. l"May, road, destroying a mile of the road, a railroad bridge and cutting the telegraph wires. There was a large number killed and wounded on both sides. The movement for the purpose of reconnoitering and the force being unprepared to hold the position retired toward evening, bearing off their wounded. The dead were buried on the field. During this time, the men remaining at Foster s Plantation were engaged in throwing up intrerichments, cutting trees for chevaux- de-frise, and slashing the timber to obstruct the advance of the enemy through the woods. Work on the entire line, from river to river, a distance of near six miles, was rapidly pushed to comple tion. On the 8th, there was some firing upon the picket line. Some rebel cavalry were seen, four saddles being emptied by the pickets. Companies C and F of the 97th P. V. were relieved from picket, at 8.30 P. M., by two companies of the 112th N. Y. Captain Isaac Waterbury, Company G, 55th P. V., died suddenly on the 8th, in the camp of that regiment. He was buried, on the llth, with military honors, at Foster s Plantation. Early on the morning of the 9th, Gen. Butler, with the 10th and 18th Corps, started from camp and marched about four miles, to intercept the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, at a point mid way between those places. Brig. Gen. W. F. Smith, commanding the 18th, moved on the right, and Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, com manding the 10th, on the left. When arrived at Chester Heights, commanding the road, the troops and artillery took position. The 97th P. V. was then ordered to advance. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker led his Regiment, at double quick, down the descending slope, reaching the railroad without encountering the enemy, supposed to occupy a position behind the embankment of the road. He then sent two companies to the right of the road, under command of Capt. Guss, Company A, to reconnoitre. A portion of the force was deployed as skirmishers, to guard the flank of the Regiment while employed in tearing up the rails. The telegraph wires were cut, by Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, after they had been detached from the poles by his men. The skirmishes soon carrfe in sight of rebel cavalry scouts, who retired beyond the reacli of fire, but con tinued to watch the proceedings as closely as possible. In tearing up the road, the men were marched along the track, halted and fronted; then laying their arms behind the line, the ends of the 1804 -1 ACTION AT SWIFT CREEK. 255 cross-tics were lifted and the roadway overturned the length of the Regiment; then moving another length of the Regiment, continued the overturning in like manner. A detail of men, with the pio neers, followed, loosed the ties from the rails, piled them together and set fire to them, consuming the former and rendering the latter useless, being twisted out of shape by the heat. Some miles of the road were thus destroyed. Reaching the point 1 .1 .1 ff,l 11 1 JKFK - "-Wls s NK.K-TIE. where the engagement on the 7th had occurred, two or three dead Union soldiers found there were buried by our men. One wounded man was also found. The woods being on fire near him, unable to move, he would soon have perished. lie had lain two days where he had fallen, without food or water. His parched lips were cooled from the canteens, and, after his suffer ings were relieved as far as possible, he was sent to the hospital, where he finally recovered. When the 97th P. V. moved forward upon the railroad, a force, under command of Brig. Gen. John W. Turner, 2d division, 10th Corps, had marched upon the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike, toward the latter place, crossing the railroad at Port Walthall Junction, near the point reached by Gen. Brooks force, on the 7th. Gen. Turner s force continued to advance toward Petersburg. An other force, commanded by Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry (now brevet major general, U. S. A.), had advanced on the right, toward Rich mond, driving a small force of the enemy in that direction. Having completed the destruction of the railroad to the point in dicated, Lieut. Col. Pennypackcr, with his force, followed the ad vance toward Petersburg, on the turnpike. He came up with the division just as it became engaged with the enemy at Swift Creek, within a few miles of Petersburg, where the advance met the enemy s pickets and drove them in. The rebels, however, being in considerable force, charged upon the skirmish line and drove it back through a field into a wood near the turnpike, where our forces were prepared to meet the charge. Repeated volleys of musketry wen 1 discharged into the ranks of the rebels, driving them back, killing and wounding many. The rebel artillery shelled the position in the wood vigorously and a brisk fire of musketry was kept up from their lines. The 97th P. V. was immediately ordered to the front, marched 256 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. through the woods under a severe fire, and occupied the front line of battle. As it moved up to its position, the artillery, which had advanced too closely to the enemy to be available or safe from cap ture, came thundering down the turnpike to a more advantageous position. It seemed like the signal of a rout; but the men marched steadily forward, following their intrepid young commander. The artillery, after gaining a favorable position, reopened fire upon the rebel lines, causing the forces in front of our position to retire; silencing also the enemy s field pieces. As the Regiment was ad vancing through the woods, Sergt. Maj. Samuel W. Hawley, who was on the left, was struck in the head by a fragment of shell and fell. It was then thought he was killed; he was only stunned and but slightly cut by the shell; he very soon resumed duty. After the enemy s fire had ceased, the 97th P. V. and 55th P. V. were moved to the right through the woods into an old cotton field grown over with young pines. The rebel forces were plainly seen beyond. Here those regiments halted in line, and were ordered to lie down to keep out of view of the enemy. They remained in that position until near sunset. The field had been occupied by rebels only a few hours before. Their haversacks had been left lying upon the ground in great numbers, in line, as though the force had been hastily ordered to move. They contained a few slices of cold pork and corn cakes, hard and meagre fare compared with the rations of our men. About sunset, the 55th P. V. and 97th P. V. were moved to the rear of the right, marching half a mile through dense woods, and came upon a road by which the enemy from the direction of Peters burg by a detour might reach our right flank and rear. The men were here halted, and in line of battle occupied this road during the night, sleeping upon their arms by the roadside. A regiment, armed with the old Belgian rifles, had advanced, just before dusk, to a position somewhat exposed, presenting a tempta tion to the enemy of an easy capture during the night. Soon after dark, this regiment was withdrawn, and another, armed with Spen cer rifles or carbines, took its place. At about 10 P. M., a sudden and incessant discharge of musketry indicated a general engagement. The fire continued ten or fifteen minutes; then all was quiet again. It was soon ascertained that the noise was occasioned by the rebels attempting to surprise and capture that regiment at the front, with its old Belgian rifles, but had caught instead a right smart Tartar, in the shape of a regiment with new Spencer repeaters, causing them 1804.] FORCED MARCH TO SUPPORT GENERAL TERRY S ADVANCE. 257 to retreat with heavy loss in killed and wounded. There was no other disturbance during the night. When daylight broke upon us, the men began to awake, impelled by hunger and thirst, to seek for food and water. There was no stream to be found near, but recent rains had left the gutters and ruts along the road filled with water. The ground being a heavy clay soil, retained it for want of drainage. To this supply the men, through necessity, had recourse. Where undisturbed, the water was clear and, though warm, was refreshing to parched lips, as the writer can testify, having slaked his thirst from a clear little pool that tilled the pit of a horse track in the clay of the road-bed. Some of the men made circuitous journeys in the vicinity and found means of tilling canteens with good water and obtained some corn cakes from the inhabitants; others, more fortunate, secured some large bars of prepared navy tobacco, and, upon their return, drove a brisk trade in that article with less enterprising comrades. Preparations were made for advancing toward Petersburg, early on the morning of the 10th, the enemy having apparently with drawn toward that place. When about to move, intelligence was received that Gen. Terry s division, advancing toward Richmond, was heavily engaged, Gen. Lee having sent a large force to oppose his advance. Gen. Ames detached the 1st brigade from his division and ordered it to march rapidly to Gen. Terry s support. The 97th P. V., being on the right of the brigade, moved off first, upon the Rich mond and Petersburg turnpike, and was pushed rapidly along that road, at double quick, on all declining and level grades, and as fast as possible over the hills, leaving the rest of the brigade to follow. For a time, the men kept well together; but soon the excessive heat, dust and rapid march became more than human en durance could stand. The men began to drop by the way, utterly overcome. Many, falling helpless in the road, from sunstroke, were carried, by their comrades, into the shade at the roadside. After a forced march of seven miles, a portion of the Regiment reached Gen. Terry s position, when it was found that his forces had maintained their ground against the fierce assault of the enemy, and compelled the advancing foe to retire. The weary and exhausted men of the Regiment, who had kept up on the march, were halted in a shady spot by the roadside to rest until the remainder of the brigade came up. It was rather 17 258 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. fMay, aggravating, however, for them to witness the cool and leisurely march of the other regiments, an hour later, filing past. Though the enemy had been repulsed by Gen. Terry s forces, fur ther advance was deemed unadvisable. The brigade was ordered to return to camp, at Foster s Place, which was reached at sunset, having marched, in the two days, about twenty-three miles, in ad dition to the work of tearing up the railroad and taking part in the action at Swift Creek. On May 8, 1st Lieut. John McGrath, Company E, acting quarter master, was detailed, by orders from department head-quarters, on detached service, in the commissary department, at Bermuda Hun dred Landing. 2d Lieut. H. KaufFman, Jr., Company C, acting adjutant, was then detailed as regimental quarter-master, of the 97th P. V., and 1st Lieut. John Wainwright, Company F, as acting adjutant. On the llth, several companies of the Regiment were detailed for work upon the line of intrenchments at Foster s Place. At 6 P. M., Company C was detailed for picket, with Maj. Price in charge of the picket force, marched from camp during a heavy rain, and occu pied the position in the line the Regiment had held when first de tailed at this place, the 112th N. Y. being on the right. Owing to the active movements which commenced on the follow ing day, Company C remained on duty at this point without being relieved for nearly a week, a part of the men being allowed to rest while the remainder kept watch, the reserve occupying shelter tents. Several severe thunder storms occurred, during one of which a tree was struck within thirty feet of the shelter where twenty men, with their muskets, were lying. The electricity flashed along the bright steel barrels and bayonets of the loaded pieces, almost blinding the men. The sulphurous smell pervaded the air to an almost stifling extent, but no one was stunned or in the least injured. The proximity of the electric current was, however, not enjoyed, the men preferring to risk the more moderate fire of artillery and mus ketry to the thunderbolts of the elements. On the morning of the 12th, apprehending a night attack from the rebels, orders were issued for all the troops in the camp, inside the intrenchments, to be under arms and in the line of earthworks from 2 A. M. to daylight, until further orders. On that day, Gen. Butler again made an advance toward Rich mond, leaving a small force inside the intrenchments, with Col. 1864 1 RETURN OF COLONEL GUSS AND THE VETERANS. 259 Joshua B. Howell, of the Both P. V., in command. Orders were issued to the forces then occupying the picket lines outside the in- trenchments to hold the line until they should be relieved, after the return of the forces from the front. Company C, of the 97th P. V.. being on picket, remained upon that duty in consequence of this order. The remaining companies of the Regiment, under command of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, marched with Butler s advance. Col. Guss, Adjt. Carruthers and the veterans reached Bermuda Hundred Landing, on their return, on the afternoon of the 12th. Leaving the veterans in charge of Capt. Mendenhall, Col. Guss proceeded to the front and reported his arrival to Gen. Gillmore, and was by him assigned to the command of the 1st brigade, 3d division. l()th Corps. This announcement was highly satisfactory to the entire command. Adjt, Carruthers was appointed acting as sistant adjutant general of the brigade. 1st Lieut. Skiles, Company B, now relieved Lieut. Wainwright as acting regimental adjutant. The following account of the movements of the veterans and their return is furnished by Capt. Mendenhall, from his notes of the trip: The detachment left Fernandina, at sunset, on February 27, on the steamer Delaware, amid the cheers and greeting of their comrades left behind. Reached Hilton Head at 11 A. M., on the 28th, and encamped to await transportation. On April 2, Col. Guss and family, with Adjt, Carruthers, joined the detachment returning home. At 10 P. M., on the 3d, sailed on the steamer Arago, arriving in New York at 11 P. M. on the 7th Debarked, on the 8th, and marched to Park Barracks for break fast. Crossed the Jersey City ferry, at 10 A. M., and took the train for Philadelphia. Being delayed by the way, it was 9 P. M. when the command reached the Cooper Shop Refreshment Saloon, where a bountiful supper was provided. At 10 P. M., the march was resumed At the depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia Rail road, cars were found ready and many friends present to give the boys welcome. Left Philadelphia by the 11.30 train and reached West Chester at 1 A. M. on Saturday, the 9th. Of course, the inhabitants were all asleep. It was the intention of the citizens to have given the veterans a public reception upon their arrival, expected the previous evening. Arrangements had been made at a meeting, convened in the Court House, and a reception committee appointed, with Capt. William 260 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Apple as chief marshal. The cadets of Col. Hyatt s and Prof. W. F. Wyers military academies were in line, at the depot, accom panied by a large concourse of citizens, who waited patiently until 10 P. M. and then dispersed. On the following morning, a salute was fired in front of the Court House, by the cadets of Col. Hyatt s school, bells were rung and all available bunting flung to the breeze in honor of the returning veterans, who were assembled in the Court House, at 10 o clock, and welcomed to their homes, in an eloquent and appropriate ad dress, by the Kev. William E. Moore, pastor of the Presbyterian Church. Col. Guss, being loudly called for, came forward and made some well-timed remarks, which were received with enthusiastic ap plause. Adjt. Carruthers was then called for, who made a short and pithy speech, which was also well received. The furloughs were then issued to the veterans, which released them until May 9, at which time they were required to report at the Green Tree Hotel, West Chester. They availed themselves gladly of the release from military dis cipline, and went their several ways rejoicing, to meet the wel come that awaited them in their homes. On May 9, Capt. Mendenhall reported to Col. Guss, at West Chester, for orders. The furloughed men mostly returned during the day. One of the number, Levi B. Walker, Company K, had died, of pleurisy, at his home, on April 28. There were several absentees, some of whom joined the detachment by the way. Left West Chester at 6 A. M., on the 10th, for Philadelphia and Baltimore. The command took supper at the Volunteer Refresh ment Saloon, and lodged in barracks at Baltimore. At 5 P. M., on the llth, took passage on steamer Adelaide, for Fortress Monroe. Reached there at 8 A. M., on the 12th, and left at 11 A. M. for City Point, Va. Arrived at 5 P. M. and encamped. The roll being called, two hundred and seventy-seven were present. Absent, fifty-nine. The absentees mostly rejoined within a few days; having been delayed by sickness and unavoidable circum stances, they were excused and reported present on time. A few did not return until arrested as deserters. Two of Company E, two of Company F, one of Company I and one of Company K never re joined the Regiment. On the 13th, Capt. Mendenhall made application for the arms ot the command. These had been boxed and shipped, at Fernandina, 1864.] THE VETERANS ARRIVAL AT FOSTER S PLACE. 261 and forwarded to Bermuda Hundred. Two days elapsed before they arrived at City Point. On the 16th, the arms and forty rounds of ammunition were dis tributed to the detachment. There were now two hundred and eighty-five men present. The command marched to the front on the same day. Heavy firing was plainly heard from the fighting at Drury s Bluff and Fort Darling. The veteran detachment readied the camp of the Regiment, at Foster s Place, at 6 P. M. The Regiment, being then at the front, under command of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, returned in the night. Capt. Mendenhall reported his arrival at head-quarters on the morning of the 17th, the veterans having been absent forty-seven days. Five volunteer recruits had joined the detachment while home. Four were assigned to Company F and one to Company K. Little black June also returned with the veterans, entirely satis fied with his experience of northern life, being peculiarly southern in his proclivities. He remained an independent attache of the Regiment until the final muster out. In originality of character and comicality he was a feature, in every movement, and upon the march, at a review or inspection, irrepressible and ever on hand when least expected; a wily and wary observer of all worth noticing; his peculiar voice and ringing laugh announcing his presence and delight with as little ceremony as a shell dropped from the enemy s batteries at an unexpected moment. His advent occurred early in 1862, at Hilton Head, where he turned up as a contraband waif, drifting with the vast tide of escaping bondmen to our camps as to their natural protectors. His singular appearance, ludicrous wit and natural smartness won favor for him in Capt. Mcllvaine s ap preciation. He thenceforth became his servant and the custodian of the captain s quarters. Rendering whatever improbable amount of service he might be capable of, his humor and his voice were the clear profit of the captain s investment, in which the entire Regi ment fully participated, through June s most laudable and persistent efforts to make himself manifest. All of these invaluable qualities and qualifications had been missing from the ordinary issue of rations, since May, 1863, when June was tempted, after Capt. Mc llvaine s return, by Lieut. Smedley, Company C, who had received his discharge, to try his fortune in the north. His experiences in Pennsylvania were varied and of sufficient interest to form a volume if properly compiled. The saddest of these may here suffice 262 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. to indicate the cause of his embracing the first favorable oppor tunity of returning to his old friends in the 97th P. V. The cherry trees, being in full bearing, invited his discriminating palate to par take of the luscious fruit that grew upon the topmost boughs. June trusted his frail weight to the limbs whose treacherous frailty, exceeding his own, caused his downfall and a broken arm. June " vowed he would go back to Caroliny, where the trees had better sense than to break down with a poor little darky like him." Commissions, promoting the following officers, were now received, viz.: 2d Lieut. George A. Lemaistre, Company H, to be captain, vice Mcllvaine, resigned; Sergt. George H. Durnall, same company, to be 1st lieutenant, vice Baldwin, resigned; Sergt. Lewis H. Watkins, same company, to be 2d lieutenant, vice Lemaistre, promoted; 2d Lieut. George W. DufFoe, Company I, to be 1st lieutenant, vice Sketchley Morton, Jr., deceased; Sergt. William H. H. Gibson, same company, to be 2d lieutenant, vice Duffee, promoted. The l()th Corps, under Gen. Gill more, had marched on the 12th toward Chester Station, on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, while the 18th Corps moved on the right along the river bank toward Drury s Bluff and Fort Darling, situated nine miles below Richmond. Crossing the railroad, the 10th Corps advanced toward Chesterfield Court House; then, diverging to the right, joined the 18th Corps, against which it was evident the enemy were massing their troops. Continuing to advance, on the evening of the 13th, an outer line of intrenchments was encountered, extending from the railroad to the river. On the morning of the 14th, Gen Butler s advance encountered the enemy at Proctor s Creek, Drury s Bluff and near Fort Darling. They were found strongly intrenched in a double line of works behind Proctor s Creek. Gen. Gillmore led the 10th Corps against the enemy and succeeded in capturing their advance lines near Drury s Bluff, and by a brilliant dash carried the left of their main line, flanking the enemy s position and securing a large number of prisoners after a stubborn resistance in which his own loss was quite severe. The 97th P. V., under command of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, par ticipated in the engagement and held the extreme left of the line. After the action on the 14th, the 97th P. V. was detached as guard to Gen. Butler s head-quarters, near the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike, and as a picket force upon the left flank of the position. 1864.] PR(X?TOR S CREEK, DRURY S BLUFF AND FORT DARLING. 263 It was thus engaged during the loth without particular occurrence to note. Beaurcgard was evidently closely observing these movements, ap parently without manifesting any disposition to depart from a de fensive line of operations. Gen. Butler s line now covered his entire front south of the James. Only a small cavalry force, however, oc cupied the right hetween the river and the right flank of the in fantry, which was also somewhat protected by the naval force in the river. FORT DA II LI NO. On the morning of the Ifith, the enemy, having concentrated their forces on the south side of Richmond, made a furious assault upon the right of Gen. Butler s line, at about 3.30 A. M., advancing under cover of the dense undergrowth, favored by the darkness and dense fog which continued during the morning, rendering it impos sible to distinguish the position of either line beyond a few yards. The columns of the enemy swept through the lines on the right and became mingled with the forces in the rear lines in promiscuous and indiscriminate conflict ; each force maintaining its steady fire with out any well-defined line of battle. The darkness and fog, even after daylight, prevented any comprehensive knowledge of the posi tion of either army. During this period of the action, prisoners were captured and recaptured, and many permanently secured by each side. 264 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Several hours hard righting and terrible loss on both sides, with al ternate success and repulse ensued, the enemy, being in much supe rior force, had at the outset turned the right flank by the impetuous force of their massed columns of infantry. Gen. Butler s forces were, however, still able to prevent their taking advantage of the first success by the same causes which enabled the enemy to penetrate our lines. The fog and darkness served to obstruct their accuracy of observation; otherwise, the now broken lines of Gen. Butler s com mand would have then been utterly routed by the largely superior force of the enemy; but, in the darkness and confusion, numbers became an element of weakness, causing their losses to be most severe, and thwarted their object of driving Gen. Butler s forces from the field. When the darkness and fog had passed, the op posing forces were found almost face to face. The enemy had rapidly rearranged their lines, being more familiar with the ground, and immediately renewed the assault with persistent determination to accomplish their object. Their first assault was upon the 18th Corps, commanded by Gen. W. F. Smith. In the darkness, that offi cer had caused to be stretched across his front a quantity of telegraph wire, which had been secured, fastening it to the stumps and trees about half knee-high. When the enemy rushed forward in a charge they pitched headlong over the wire and over each other, while the fire of Gen. Smith s troops was so effective as to repulse the attack with fearful loss. Gen. Weitzel s division, occupying the breastwork at Drury s Bluff, captured on the 1 4th, was assaulted three times without suc cess. The enemy then turned their attention to the 10th Corps, massed their forces in front of Gen. Gillmore s position and made three successive attempts to force him from it, being repulsed at every point by the unflinching steadfastness of Gillmore s veterans, who, having learned the advantage of staying in their lines and forgotten how to retreat, kept up such a continuous fire that the enemy could not endure it. They then renewed their attack on the 18th Corps, when Gen. Gillmore sent Turner s division to its sup port, and they were again repulsed with severe loss. At 2.30 P. M. the enemy ceased to press upon our front, and the action terminated, the enemy falling back to their line of intrench- ments, leaving a large number of killed and wounded upon the field. The following extract from an account of the action, by Mr. Oscar G. Sawyer, correspondent of the 10th Corps, gives the move- 1884.1 PROCTOR S CREEK, DRURY S BLUFF AND FORT DARLING. 265 ments that occurred after the fog and darkness clearing, afforded opportunity for observation. "* * * They first hurled their column upon Turner s division, which held the right of the 10th Corps, joining the 18th Corps. They formed in a beautiful manner and moved steadily on Barton s brigade, on the right of Turner s division, advancing as if upon parade and not firing a single shot. Wait ing until they bad reached a pood distance for effective range, the brigade poured into their lines such a terrific fire that the line melted away and the thinned and broken ranks, after vainly endeavoring to advance against the storm of bullets, fled, with terrible loss, to the woods in their rear. The volleys were as continu ous and heavy as the musketry of a brigade could well be and such as no living beings could stand against. The rebels were scattered like chaff and broke for the woods in a disorganized mass. After great exertion, the line of attack was again formed and again a brigade advanced in splendid style against our line. Again did they receive the terrible fire and pushed steadily on until a fourth of them lay killed and wounded on the field, when they broke and rushed quickly to the cover of the woods. Our boys gave them hearty cheers and sent a volley after them. Being twice bloodily repulsed at this point, they moved further to our left and hurled a column upon Col. Hawley s brigade of Gen. Terry s divi sion. They came up in the same steady and confident manner, but were received with a more rapid and equally as deadly a fire as that they were treated to by Turner s men. The Spencer repeating rifles, in the bands of the 7th Conn., and the Springfield rifles of the rest of the brigade, delivered a fire so hot and wither ing that the rebels could not withstand it, but broke and ran for the woods, ac celerated in their flight by the music of the Spencer bullets about them. They were determined, however, to break our line and force it from its position, cost what it would. They again formed and were strengthened by reinforcements. They charged again, and after ten minutes hot work they were disastrously re pulsed and driven back at all points. That ended any serious effort on their part to force the position of the 10th Corps. Leaving their dead and wounded, to the number of a thousand, on the field before our line, they again moved upon Gen. Smith s front and attacked his left. Gen. Gillmore immediately ordered Gen. Turner to attack the enemy on their flank and Gen. Terry to support him. Gen. Turner s attack was hardly commenced before Gen. Gillmore was ordered, by Gen. Butler, to retire and strengthen Gen. Smith s corps by forming in his rear. Our troops fell back slowly and in order, repulsing every effort of the rebels to quicken their movement and making a stand at every favorable position until the enemy ceased to follow and fell back to their first line of intrenchments. Gen. Gillmore then drew off his corps and formed in support of Gen. Smith. The fighting, which had been going on with more or less violence along the entire line, ceased at half past two P. M. and preparations were made to draw off our forces from the field and return to our intrenchments. The artillery was sent to the rear, except a section to cover the rear guard. The ambulances, ]oaded with wounded, and the supply trains were dispatched to the rear, and finally the entire army fell back, the enemy not pursuing. Thus ended this rebel attack on our lines. * Gen. Beauregard commanded in person, Gens. Iloke and 266 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Ransom commanding divisions. The brigade of the latter, arrived the previous night and added considerably to Beauregard s force. The rebels fought with more than their usual dash and bravery, as they seemed determined to crush our army as the only way to save Richmond. They met with a bloody failure. Their losses in killed and wounded exceeded ours, although the balance of prisoners was probably slightly in their favor. Our men fought splendidly, and the Tenth Corps has established a reputation for fighting qualities that will equal that of any in the army. It is well disciplined, brave and efficient, and is ati honor to the department. Maj. Gen. Gillmore commanded the left throughout and dis played as high qualities in the field, in the handling of a corps, as he had as an engineer officer. He was assisted by Brig. Gen. Robert S. Foster, chief of staff, whose energy, zeal and abilities as a commander combine to make him an in valuable officer to any commander, whether as chief of staff or in the command of a brigade or division. No little of our success is due to his energy and skill Gens. Terry, Ames and Turner each performed their respective parts to the complete satisfaction of all. No corps has better division commanders. Where all the brigade commanders did so well, it would be unjust to discriminate be tween them. They have all the desirable qualities found in good soldiers. There were many parallels between this battle and the battle of Inkerman, in the Crimea The hour, for instance, at which the attack was made, the fog, the surprise, the overwhelming numbers of the assailants, the sturdy resistance they encountered, the reinforcement of the besiegers, and the final repulse of the enemy. Then there were bayonet charges, hand-to-hand encounters and deeds of heroism around which obscurity will forever fold her opaque mantle." Gen. Butler s loss was about three thousand; that of the enemy much greater. Gen. Heckman and Col. Richard White, of the 55th P. V., were among the captured. The latter had just been relieved in the command of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 10th Corps, by Col. Guss. In these actions, Col. Guss brigade lost five hundred and fifty- nine men. Five men of the 97th P. V. were taken prisoners and two, Privates Owen Finnegan and William Wright, both of Com pany H, were wounded, the former in the head and the latter in the foot. It was fortunate to have escaped with so small a number of casualties, as the Regiment was in the advance and under fire during the actions of the 14th and 16th. Gen. Butler s forces having successfully resisted the impetuous endeavors of Beauregard to destroy his army, during thirteen hours of hotly-contested conflict, were too much shattered either to advance against the enemy he had foiled or to risk a renewal of the contest before recuperating his command. He, therefore, deter mined to withdraw to his intrenchments ; having also ascertained, 1801 1 ADVANCE ON WIER BOTTOM CHURCH ROAD. 207 soon alter the commencement of the action, that Beauregard had dispatched a heavy force to attack his rear and left flank, from the direction of the Petersburg Railroad, and which was already ad vancing on the Wier Bottom Church Road. At this time (6 A. M. on the 16th), the 97th P. V. was on duty at the head-quarters of Gen. Butler, and had just been ordered to a point on the Richmond turnpike to receive rations, and was distributing the same, when, at the hour above named, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker received orders from Gen. Butler to get the Regiment in line at once and inarch as rapidly as possible, along the Wier Bottom Church Road, to join the 13th Ind. and Battery E, 3d U. S. Art y, and together obstruct the advance of the enemy and hold him in check until the result of the action at the front could be determined and the remaining forces of Gen. Butler could be safely withdrawn or disposed for fu ture operations. At 9 A. M., the 97th P. V. had joined the 13th Ind. and the artillery, at a point several miles distant, on the road indicated, where this force was guarding the extreme left of Butler s position. A company of each regiment was now deployed as skirmishers upon each flank. The entire force then moved along the Wier Bottom Church Road for nearly four miles. Occasional shots from the skir mishers now gave notice of the vicinity of the enemy in front. Company F, of the 97th P. V., was sent forward and deployed to the right, with orders to move through the timber to ascertain the position of the enemy and report the information obtained to Lieut. Col. Pennypacker. He had formed the troops in line of battle across the road upon which he had advanced. As Company F pushed forward through the wood, a large body of the enemy was seen passing to the left without discovering the movement of our men. A messenger was sent to apprise Lieut. Col. Pennypacker of the enemy s approach. A brisk fire was also opened, from the skirmish line upon the flank of the rebels, to check their advance. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker s force, being prepared to meet them, de livered a rapid and effective fire, which completely surprised and drove back the advance with precipitation, impressed with the belief that they had struck the main line of a superior force. After the enemy had retired, three scouts, Sergt. John Kennedy and Privates William T. Meeteer and Samuel G. Scott, were sent forward, by Capt. Lewis, in compliance with orders from Lieut. Col. Pennypacker. They were directed to advance cautiously, as far as 268 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. possible, to ascertain the position and movements of the main body of the rebel force. This duty was satisfactorily accomplished in a short time, the scouts reporting that a line of rebel skirmishers was lying in the wood about three hundred yards in front and to the left of our line of skirmishers, watching the movements of our men. Apparently, each party was diligently engaged observing the other, neither being disposed to attack without further observation of the situation. The main body of Beauregard s force occupied a meadow in the rear and the high ground upon either side where the artillery was posted. The enemy appeared to have come suddenly to a halt, no doubt supposing their progress was intercepted by a heavy force, hesitating to advance, from caution, until they could ascertain the extent of the opposing force, which, of necessity, maintained the defensive, being entirely unsupported. After ascertaining the situation on the right, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker withdrew Company F from the front and sent Capt. Lewis with it toward Walthall Station, on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, three-fourths of a mile to the left of his position, with orders to deploy the company on the ridge, between the main road leading toward the intrench- ments, at Foster s Place, and the position of the enemy, to pre vent a flanking force gaining the rear of his position. The men were deployed as directed, reaching the ridge under fire from the enemy already in sight and within speaking distance. Firing was kept up briskly for some time, when the rebels ceased firing and called upon our men to " Surrender; we will use you well;" to which they replied, "If you want prisoners, you will have to come and take them." The firing soon after ceased. The enemy made no movement toward an advance. Our men lay quietly in line, ex tended along the ridge for half a mile. The situation was critical and the chances of a rebel prison seemed quite probable. About 2 P. M., the enemy opened fire with their artillery; for two or three hours the iron hail pelted the woods and fields behind the position of our forces without effect. Every precaution had been taken to present a strong and vigilant line along the entire front, for which purpose the reserve was reduced to a mere remnant. Beauregard s advance was thus held in check by the 97th P. V. and 13th Ind. during the afternoon of the 16th. Mean while, Gen. Butler s forces were being withdrawn to the intrench- ments and the wounded brought off the field from Drury s Bluff and Fort Darling. 1884 -J ADVANCE ON WIER BOTTOM CHURCH ROAD. 269 At dusk, Lieut. Col. Pennypackcr received orders to retire cau tiously to the intrenchments. Rain had set in during the afternoon and it was quite cold, the men suffering greatly while lying upon the wet ground to avoid the fire of the enemy. Soon after dusk, it became evident the rebels were preparing to advance by a flank movement. Orders were now sent to the force on the left to fall back on the reserve, already upon the march by the main road to the intrenchments. The rebels were by this time on the march, also, by a parallel route, but our forces, having the inside and shorter line, reached camp in safety; the enemy, however, being within musket shot when the outer line was reached. Capt. Lewis force, in retiring, was almost intercepted, the enemy having reached the main road in advance of his company, obliging him to make a de tour to avoid capture. The men reached camp about 2 A. M. on the 17th, wet, cold, hungry and tired, having accomplished all that was deemed possible from so meagre a force, thrown across the advance of an adversary so wary and powerful, thereby saving the Army of the James from a serious disaster. Two men were wounded and five captured. During the action at Drury s Bluff, the firing was plainly heard at the picket line occupied by Company C. Maj. Price received a message from Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, requesting him to endeavor to have Company C relieved from picket and bring to the Regi ment all the men in camp who were fit for duty. Having previously twice attempted, without success, to get the company relieved or per mission for himself to rejoin the Regiment, he again went to Col. Howell and urged Lieut. Col. Pennypacker s request, in addition to his own desire, to be permitted to take the company to the front. Col. Howell now gave permission to take the men that were in camp, but would not relieve Company C from picket. Maj. Price collected about thirty men, convalescents and others at the camp, and marched at noon, on the 16th, to rejoin the Regiment. The road was now occupied by retiring troops and ambulances carrying the wounded from the field. At 3 P. M., while marching along the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike, the rear guard of Gen. Butler s army was met. Maj. Price was, therefore, obliged to return to camp with his men, as the position of the Regiment could not be ascer tained, the advance on the Wier Bottom Church Road being only known at Gen. Butler s head-quarters. Company C was relieved from picket and returned to camp on the 17th. 270 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. On the morning of the 18th, Beauregard s forces, having advanced to within a short distance of the picket lines, then assaulted a por tion of the line at Foster s Place, near Green Plains, from which a detachment of the 8th Maine was driven. About 8 A. M., the 97th P. V. was ordered to the front to retake the line. Companies A, F, D and I were deployed by Lieut. Col. Pennypacker and advanced under his command in a skirmish line, supported by the remainder of the Regiment under the command of Maj. Price. The entire force advanced at a run, against a brisk fire, charging upon the enemy s line in a brilliant manner, regained the position, the enemy retiring to the shelter of a ravine and some buildings adjacent, from which a continuous fire of musketry was kept up and returned by our line during the day. Our men sought every available ad vanced point from which to reach the enemy in their sheltered position. The windows of the buildings were so closely watched that our marksmen, sighting the muzzle of a rebel rifle projecting, were sure to deliver a well-directed shot that often prevented the discharge of the piece. For over nine hours the storm of fire raged. The ammunition, being several times exhausted, was replenished again and again from the rear; details of men, with gum blankets, into which the contents of the ammunition boxes were poured, crawled to the front dragging the supplies, which were thrown for ward to those in the advanced sheltered positions, from which it was certain death to move while daylight lasted. An aid of one of the generals said, in the hearing of several of our men, "The 97th P. V. would hold that line three weeks if kept supplied with am munition." Darkness alone closed the contest. The casualties had been severe; four were killed and fifty-two wounded, several mortally, who died soon after. The total loss was fifty-seven, as follows: Company A, one killed, nine wounded; Company B, two wounded ; Company C, one killed, four wounded, one captured; Company U, fifteen wounded; Company E, one wounded; Company F, one killed, five wounded; Company G, ten wounded; Company H, one wounded; Company I, one wounded; Company K, one killed, three wounded ; non-commissioned staff, one wounded. Many of these were veterans who had only a few days before returned from their homes. The place where this action on the 18th occurred was known as Foster s Place. Some accounts have since given the name of Ber muda Hundred to both this and the action of the 20th, which took 1864 -l ACTION AT FOSTER S PLACE, VA. 271 place on the plain slightly in the rear of this position. By some strange inadvertence, the 97th P. V. was left upon the field of its severe and unremitting contest of the 18th until 10 P. M., when it was relieved by the 48th N. Y., and returned to camp hungry, weary and begrimed with the smoke of battle. The killed and wounded had been carried off the field during the day. Among them were Capt. Francis M. Guss, Company A, severely wounded by buck and ball, in the right knee; 1st Lieut. Abel Griffith, of the same com pany, was also severely wounded in the left wrist ; Capt. Samuel V. Black, Company K, in the left arm; he, however, persisted in re maining at the front for several hours after he was struck; Fife Maj. John Parsons was wounded in the lungs, and died in the U. S. Hospital, at Fortress Monroe; Corps. M. Davis Thomas and 11. B. Wilson, Company C, were mortally wounded; both died a few days later at Fortress Monroe. The killed were Sergt. Isaac Acker, Company C; Privates Jesse C. D. Stoops, Company A; Milton H. White, Company F, and John C. Guthrie, Company K. The death of Sergt. Acker was occasioned by one of those irre<m- O larities that came to be regarded as a bane to the service the un authorized orders of junior staff officers to non-commissioned officers and soldiers on duty at the front. One of these, on a tour of ob servation along the line, ambitious of displaying authority, ordered Sergt. Acker, with a few men, to advance into a piece of wood upon the left, to ascertain if there were any of the enemy concealed in it. He was informed that it was full of them, but insisted upon the advance being made. There being no commissioned officer in sight to whom Sergt. Acker could appeal, and not at liberty to leave the position to ascertain the correctness of the order, Sergt. Acker felt it his duty to obey the lieutenant. He cautiously advanced, with three or four men, having to crawl upon the ground through the grass. They had barely reached the edge of the timber when the sergeant was shot through the heart by a rebel sharp-shooter only a few paces in advance. The men then returned, dragging his lifeless body with them. Upon seeing the fatal result of his order, the lieutenant quickly retired to avoid identification. Many efforts were made to ascer tain his name, but without success; he evidently took care to keep out of sight of the men who were able to identify him, and, as no officer saw him at the front, he was not discovered and held responsible for his action. Perhaps under no other circumstances 272 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. would a like order have been obeyed by any non-commissioned officer of the Regiment, without the sanction of one of their officers or an officer known to them; but, being under fire in action, the excitement of the occasion induced the conviction that there was no choice but to obey the order; and Sergt. Acker, faithful to every known duty, was brave enough to obey rather than seem to shrink from any danger. Capt. Guss and Lieut. Griffith did not sufficiently recover to rejoin the Regiment again, after being sent to the U. S. Hospital, at Annapolis, Md., from which place they were discharged, on account of wounds and expiration of term. Surgeon John R. Everhart, medical officer of the 1st brigade, oc cupied a small house a short distance in the rear of the camp of the 97th P. V. To this point the wounded had been conveyed, where they received the most efficient care and attention and their wounds were properly dressed before removal. The officers were sent to Chesapeake Hospital and the men to Hampton Hospital, at Fortress Monroe, and to Point Lookout, Md. Asst. Surgeon Eli McClellan, medical department U. S. A., was at this time acting medical di rector of the department. He was assisted by a large and efficient staff of surgeons and nurses, who did all in their power to relieve the sufferings of the brave men confided to their care. Private Henry Albright, Company A, received an injury whilst working with a detail felling trees at the front. He died, at the brigade hospital, on the 19th, and was buried near the hospital. On the evening of May 19, Companies A, B, C and E of the 97th P. V., numbering about one hundred and fifty men, under command of Maj. Price, were detailed for picket and occupied the same line which the Regiment had recaptured and held on the 18th; being along an old road-bed, the line had been partially intrenched. Soon after the men got into position, the enemy charged upon them. Our men were cool and steady, and having the honor of the previous day s reoccupation and stubborn maintenance of the same ground to sustain, opened a brisk fire upon the advancing enemy, repulsing them with considerable loss. Twice during the night the enemy renewed the attempt and made desperate efforts to drive in the left of our line and the right of the 9th Maine, upon our left, but each attempt was repulsed by the steady and determined fire of our men and that of the 9th Maine. 18*54.] ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, VA. 213 CHAPTER IX. ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, BERMUDA HUNDRED; CO-OPERATION WITH THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC; ACTION AT COLD HARBOR; RETURN TO THE JAMES; ADVANCE AGAINST PETERSBURG; ACTION AT PETERS BURG HEIGHTS; SIEGE OPERATIONS; MAY 20 TO JUNE 23, 1864. HE 20th of May, 1804, was a day memorable in the history of the 97th P. V., no less for the brilliant test of the unflinching courage and fidelity of its officers and men than for the disastrous results arising from the inexcusable misapprehension of the situation on the part of those who were, unhappily, in position to order the fatal charge, which swept down the ranks of the Regiment like chaff before the wind, as it marched into the jaws of death with a dash like the charge of the famous Six Hundred at Balaklava. A detailed account of the events which preceded, and of the neglect that permitted, the day s disaster may not be inappropriate. This is obtained from notes of his observations at the time, made within a few days after, by Maj. Price, who commanded the portion of the line occupied by the 97th P. V., a Maj. Calvin (first name, State and regiment not known), being the field officer of the trenches, having command of the entire line: Having frustrated several attempts of the enemy to capture the line, it was evident that these were mainly a mask to cover more formidable operations in our front. During the night of the 19th, could hear the enemy moving their artillery in front of our left and centre, the commands of the officers being plainly distinguished, leaving no room to doubt the nature of the movements going on. Sent a messenger to report the facts to Maj. Calvin, who could not be found. A message was then left for him at his quarters. At daylight, on the morning of the 20th, discovered that the enemy was massing troops on our right and left, and beyond it in front of 18 274 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the 9th Maine, the extreme left of the line. A force was also dis covered, massed behind a large house opposite the centre of the po sition, in rear of the enemy s line. These observations were duly reported, by messenger, to Maj. Calvin. The morning was quite foggy, but it lifted at intervals, affording opportunity for the obser vations made; the enemy evidently taking advantage of the fog to get their men into concealed positions as near our lines as possible. It was estimated that at least a division of the enemy was being massed against our position. Our men were posted in the line, at about three paces apart, in single file. Picks and shovels being furnished, the men had worked during the night to complete and strengthen the defences, so that by daylight they were sheltered by a line of well-constructed rifle pits. Soon after daylight, the enemy s skirmishers advanced cautiously upon our right, were fired upon by the pickets and driven back. A second messenger was then dis patched with this information to .. -^,,5^ the officer in command of the line, RIFLE PIT! AT GREEN PLAINS, YA. with an urgent request that he (Maj. Calvin) come to the front and observe the situation ; requesting, also, that a reserve force should be immediately sent out, there being no support to the line nearer than the intrenchments, more than a mile distant. The fog pre vented satisfactory observation of the movements of the enemy for a time. When it lifted, there was revealed a rebel earthwork, on a knoll less than half a mile distant, with embrasures for three guns. An attempt to mask it with brush and fallen trees failed to conceal its position or object. It was now 8 A. M. The field officer of the day had not yet appeared at the front. The situation, so well comprehended by those in the line, became each moment more critical. The men, being three paces apart in the rifle pits, though courageous enough to stay and hold the position against any ordi nary force, were no match for the overwhelming numbers opposed to them. This was subsequently ascertained to consist of the rebel Gen. Pickett s entire division. His skirmishers were several times dvanced at different points, apparently with a view of ascertaining the strength of our line. Our fire being well directed, drove back a ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, VA. 275 the advance, but the little blue puffs of smoke at three paces in terval revealed to the enemy the weakness of the line and its ina bility to cope with the massed troops lying in wait for the signal to advance. At 8.15, the field officer not arriving, a third messenger was sent to report the situation to Col. II. R. Guss, with a request that the messenger might be directed to proceed to Gen. Butler s head quarters and report to him the approach of the enemy in force. Soon after the messenger had started, the field officer came to the front, to whom Maj. Price reported his observations. The fog at this time, not entirely lifted, obstructed somewhat the view in front. Maj. Calvin did not seem inclined to give attention to the report, and remarked that the force was the usual reserve of the pickets and the advance of the skirmishers the relief of the picket line to which it was replied: "Major, I have been in the service nearly three years and claim not to be mistaken in what has been observed and repeatedly reported to you. Where arc the needed reinforcements that should HOW be in this line to hold it an hour longer ?" He then said a reserve of two hundred men was at the rear. Maj. Price urged him to bring them up at once to occupy the line the men of the 97th P. V. had worked all night to render secure. The reply was: "/do not think we shall be attacked." As he spoke, three rebel regiments, with colors flying, moved out from behind the house in our front, marching en echelon obliquely to their right across our front. Maj. Price then directed the attention of the field officer, who was standing with his back to the front, to the movement of the enemy. The occasion seemed to justify the re mark, " Major, that looks like a rather heavy picket force." At the same instant, the rebel batteries opened fire upon our line with vigor, but their shell fell beyond our position at first; afterward, with more deadly effect. A heavy line of battle also moved forward, op posite our right, followed by other lines in succession. The aspect, so suddenly changed, seemed to dispel the confidence that had so loftily asserted there would be no attack ! Expecting orders, but receiving none for the field officer disappeared with out having given a word of command it was evident that we should have the affair to ourselves. The hope still remained that we might be able to hold the enemy in check, by our fire, until support could reach us from the intrenchments, when the peril of the situation should be realized there. Knowing that the men of the 97th P. V 276 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. would hold the line they occupied if the 9th Maine, on the left, did not give way and expose the flank; it was apparent that the greatest danger was to be apprehended upon the left, as it was believed the rebel advance upon our right was a demonstration to cover the design of turning our left flank by a heavy charge upon the position of the 9th Maine, which proved to be the case. After passing to the right of the 97th P. V., then down the line toward the left, urging the men to take it coolly and reserve their fire until it would be effective, then try to keep the enemy back until support could reach us, as it surely must soon ; it was thought we could stay there if only the left did not fail us. To make sure of this, Maj. Price intimated to his officers and men that he should go toward the left to see what could be done to keep the line from breaking there. The men of the 97th P. V. were true and steady, so that confidence remained even in face of the fearful odds ad vancing against them. By this time the right of the first rebel regi ment, advancing en echelon across the front of our position, had reached the edge of the wood opposite our left. The three regiments then advanced directly toward our lines until the severity of the fire of the 97th P. V. caused them to lie down in the tall grass that covered the field. The wood in front of our left afforded cover to within a short dis tance of the position occupied by the 9th Maine. Suddenly a yell broke upon our ears as a massed column of rebel infantry charged upon the 9th Maine, issuing from the wood a few yards from the lines, yelling and charging as they advanced in successive lines. The 9th Maine broke from their position and ran without firing a shot, leaving a gap on the left of the 97th P. V. for the enemy to enter. Seeing the disaster, and hoping to remedy it, Maj. Price hurried from near the left of his line, across the angle formed by the lines of oblique intersection of the 9th Maine with the 97th P. V., and intercepted about two hundred men of that regiment, a lieute nant being the only officer with them. With considerable difficulty, he succeeded in rallying them and formed line, discharging a few volleys, but the rebels, having gained the shelter of the trenches, opened a steady fire upon the position, under which it was impos sible to keep the demoralized men faced to the enemy. They soon broke and ran for cover. Maj. Price then found himself cut off from his regiment, which still held its position, the fire of the enemy ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, VA. 277 covering the open field intervening. Just then three skirmish lines of the 13th Ind. were observed advancing in succession across the field toward Maj. Price, who immediately joined the advance line and was leading the men to the support of the 97th P. V.; but the fire of the enemy, sweeping every part of the field, soon cut down all before it. Almost every man of the three lines fell, either killed or wounded. A rebel battery of field pieces had opened from a position on the left with grape and canister immediately after they gained the trenches occupied by the 9th Maine. This terrible hail was also poured upon us. Maj. Price was struck by a spent canister shot in the right thigh, and fell slightly wounded. He was able to crawl forward about twenty yards to a ditch, where a few of the men from the left of the 97th P. V. had already found shelter, having retired when the enemy began to assail their flank and rear. The 97th P- V. was enabled by its continuous fire to hold the advance of the rebels in its immediate front in check for a time, but when the enemy had fully occupied the line held by the 9th Maine, the 97th P. V., being assaulted in the flank and rear, could no longer hold their position the enemy gradually advancing along the intrenched line the men of the 97th P. V. had to choose between capture or running the gauntlet of the open field to the shelter of the ditch a few yards in the rear. A portion of the 4th N. H., occupying the line to the right of the 97th P. V., was also forced to retire The most escaped in safety, but many were wounded there, and pre viously, by shot and shell. Capt. J. M. C. Savage, Company B, on the right, was left in com mand of the detachment of the 97th P. V. when Maj. Price assumed command of the entire line abandoned by the field officer. Capt. Savage was severely wounded in the left hip and abdomen while bravely holding the ditch. He was carried off the field by some of his men. Over one fourth of the number were killed or wounded ; a few were captured by the enemy. When it was realized at head-quarters that the enemy had ad vanced and occupied a portion of our line, the 13th Ind. and about three hundred men of the 97th P. V., who were not on duty when the line was captured in the morning, under command of Col. Cyrus J. Dobbs, of the 13th Ind., were ordered to advance and re capture the line. It seemed impossible even yet for those in au thority to realize the nature of the attack the enemy had made, 278 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. else surely so inadequate a force would never have been thus reck lessly sent to assault a force so greatly superior, in a line so well intrenched. When arrived near the front, Company D, of the 97th P. V., under command of Capt. W. S. Mendenhall, was sent forward to reconnoitre. At about 4 P. M., Lieut. Col. Pennypacker was or dered, by Col. Dobbs, to form his regiment in line of battle across the open field and to charge the right of the rebel lines, stating that the centre was already taken. Company D was then withdrawn and formed on the left of the other companies. Lieut. Col. Penny- packer then advanced his line across the field toward the rebel po sition, charging in gallant style, the men keeping well together When within one hundred yards of the rebel lines a murderous fire of musketry, grape and canister, from six field pieces, was poured through their ranks, mowing them down in swift destruction, until more than half the line was prostrated. Still the noble fellows kept on with their gallant leader, who had twice fallen, and rising again pushed forward, cheering his men in the effort to reach the rebel lines. But falling again, for the third timo, severely wounded, his shattered and broken ranks were compelled to retire, taking shelter in the ravine, previously noticed, where they remained until dark, it being impossible to gain the rear exposed to the withering fire of Gen. Pickett s division. During the advance, seven color bearers were shot down succes sively, as they, in turn, grasped the standard from the hands of those who fell in the desperate charge, the last of the guard, himself wounded, bringing the tattered banner and its shattered staff safely from the field, pierced with over one hundred bullets, three of which struck the staff. While in this position, several efforts were made, by the enemy, to capture the men, but they kept up a fire on the rebel forces that approached. When their ammunition was nearly exhausted, a man of the 13th Ind., who was with the 97th P. V., recollected that his company, when ordered into the action, had left some boxes of ammu nition at a point some distance off, which he thought he could find, the only difficulty being to cross the space swept by the enemy s guns. Corp. I. A. Cleaver, of Company C, though severely wounded in the foot, volunteered to help him make the attempt. They succeeded in crawling beyond the range of fire, secured the contents of the boxes in their gum blankets and returned a distance 1884 ] ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, VA. of near one-quarter of a mile, again successfully evading the fire, and reached the ravine with their ammunition. By crawling stealthily through the grass, some of the dead and wounded were reached and brought to the ravine, by the edge of which the dead were laid and buried by covering them with earth dug to make a more defensive shelter from the enemy s fire. The picket line had been re-established at some distance in the rear of the ravine. At dark, those who still occupied it, with Capts. Men- denhall and Lewis, were in the dilemma of having to run the gauntlet of a double fire, the pickets being required to be vigi lant against the approach of the enemy. Upon consultation, they determined to wait until the moonrise, about 10 P. M., should give them better advantage. Sergt. Cleaver, whose wound had become very painful, was the first to go in. After crawling about one hun dred yards, he was observed and hailed by the pickets of his own company, who recognized his voice. He passed in, and the signal agreed upon, two guns, were then fired to inform the others that they could now come back in safety The wounded were then car ried to the rear, where stretchers were in readiness to bear them to the hospital. The men returned to camp stiff, sore and weary, a mere squad of those who started out in the morning. The charge of the 97th P. V. was the admiration of all who witnessed it, being in full view of both lines on an open plain, and made with a steadiness and daring seldom if ever equalled a brilliant movement, led bravely and gallantly by Lieut. Col. Penny- packer, then a slender youth, yet a veteran in the service, who knew how to obey orders even at such fatal risk. Knowing it must be fruitless, because unsupported, neither he nor the brave men with him thought of aught but duty, and they never faltered at the com mand " Forward." It was not until after this charge, at such fearful cost, and the loss of so many of its brave and noble men, cut down in a moment of time, that the results of Maj. Price s observation in the morning could be fully comprehended at head-quarters, or the fact realized that the enemy had massed a heavy force in our front for an attack. Need it have required such terrible sacrifice to verify what should have been accepted as reported and guarded against before the time for averting the danger had been lost? When Lieut. Col. Pennypacker was carried from the field, by his men, it was found that he was wounded severely through the right 280 BISTORT OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. arm, left leg and right side. He received the kind and prompt attention of Surgeon J. R. Everhart, acting brigade surgeon, who dressed his wounds at the camp of the Regiment. He remained in his tent until the next day, when he was sent to the general hospital at Fortress Monroe. He subsequently returned to West Chester, where he remained until partially recovered, and rejoined the Regi ment at Bermuda Hundred, Va., August 12, 1864. The officers killed in this action were 1st Lieut. Isaac Fawkes, Company D, a faithful soldier and reliable officer, who was shot through the groin and side. 1st. Lieut. George H. Durnall and 2d Lieut. Lewis H. Watkin, both of Company H, were left on the field where they fell, our men being prevented from reaching them by the enemy s sharp-shooters. Both were young men of great merit, and had but recently been promoted. Company H lost all its commis sioned officers, and nearly all its non-commissioned officers either killed or wounded. Capt. George A. Leniaistre was severely wounded in the left wrist and left leg; Sergt. John A. Russell, Company H, who brought in the colors after they had fallen from six successive bearers stricken down, was also severely wounded in the leg. In addition to Maj. Price and Capt. Savage, already men tioned as having been wounded early in the action, the following officers were also wounded, viz.: Capt. William S. Mendenhall, Com pany D, slightly wounded in the abdomen; Capt. D. W. C. Lewis, Company F, slightly in left foot; 1st Lieut. Gasway O. Yarn all, Com pany G, slightly in the breast, and 2d Lieut. William H. H. Gibson, Company I, severely in the left knee. Capts. Savage and Lemaistre and Lieut. Gibson were sent to the U. S. Hospital, at Fortress Mon roe, Va. The two former, in consequence of the severity of their wounds, were prevented from rejoining the Regiment. Capt. Savage was discharged on October 22, 1864, and Capt. Le maistre on September 20, 1864. Lieut. Gibson returned to his company in July, and served with the Regiment until its final muster out, after being promoted to 1st lieutenant. The wounded were conveyed in ambulances from the brigade hospital to the Point of Rocks, on the night of the 20th and morn ing of the 21st, where about one hundred of those most severely wounded were placed on board the hospital boat Sylvan Shore, under the charge of Dr. Sawyer, a volunteer surgeon serving with the medical corps. These were transferred to the hospitals at Fortress Monroe. 1864 -] ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, VA. About thirty-throe others of the 97th P. V., with a number of other wounded soldiers were placed on board the barge Gen. Wool, on the 21st, and conveyed under charge of a volunteer surgeon to Bermuda Hundred Landing, where they were transferred to the hospital boat City of New York, under charge of Col. (since brevet brigadier general) John E. Mulford, of the 3d N. Y. These were sent to Hammond Hospital, Point Lookout, Md. Eight of these wounded men were afterward transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps. One of the number, 1st Sergt, James Edgar Engle, Company I, who was wounded in the face, body and arm, the latter amputated, was discharged on August 24, following, to accept promotion as 2d lieutenant in the 16th Veteran Reserve Corps, Col. Charles M. Prevost, with which lie served until mustered out at the close of the war. Of the captured, only two were exchanged, one of whom returned to the Regiment. But few of those severely wounded ever recovered sufficiently to rejoin their companies, being mustered out in hospital on account of wounds or of expiration of term. Of those who were able to rejoin the Regiment, several were soon afterward again wounded, some within a few days after their return. The following exhibits the loss sustained by each company during the action of the 20th, known as that of Green Plains, Va., viz.: field and staff, one wounded; Company A, two killed, five wounded, one captured; Company B, one killed, seven wounded; Company C, four killed, twenty-one wounded, one captured ; Company 1), four killed, nine wounded; Company E, one killed, three wounded, ten captured; Company F, seven killed, eighteen wounded; Company G, four killed, sixteen wounded; Company H, ten killed, fourteen wounded; Company I, four killed, twenty wounded; Company K, ten killed, fifteen wounded. Total, one hundred and eighty-eight. For several days after this action the Regiment seemed broken, sad and desolate; so many in each company had fallen, which caused mourning for companions and friends, and the wounded being sent off to the general hospital, were also missed from their tents; at roll call the sad answer, "Dead," "Wounded," or "Prisoner," told of the absence of many who never again responded to the call. Every effort continued to be made to reach the bodies of the slain, which still lay unburied between the lines, the enemy re fusing to allow our men to move out for the purpose with a flag of truce. Each night two or three were brought in, until all were 282 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. brought off that the daring men could reach by crawling stealthily over the field. Maj. Price s wound causing but slight lameness, he resumed duty on the 23d. when he took command of the Regiment, retaining it until August 13. After the disastrous action of the 20th of May, those responsible for the unfortunate mistake which thrust the 97th P. V. into the jaws of death and needless slaughter, in order to escape the deserved censure attaching to such a blunder, sought to cast the blame upon Lieut. Col. Pennypacker through intimations that he did not move in accordance with his orders. An account of the action, published in the New York Tribune and New York Herald, evidently prepared by those interested in shifting the responsibility of the disaster upon others, stated " That Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, not properly understanding the order, moved across the open field instead of under cover of the wood." This seemed too unjust to be allowed to pass in silence. The officers and men of the Regiment could not permit this attempt to mar the fair fame of their gallant leader to go unrebuked. It was more than endurable that their fallen comrades should have been so need lessly slaughtered, without this base attempt to slaughter the repu tation of their brave commander. A communication was, there fore, prepared, on the morning the libellous report was received, while the Regiment was lying at a halt by the way, awaiting the assembling of the brigade for the march. After being attested, by every officer and man who heard the order given, it was duly for warded to the Tribune office and was published in that journal, in vindication of our brave wounded leader. A CORRECTION. HEAD-QUARTERS 97TH P. V., K)TH A. C., IN THE FIELD, NEAR CITY POINT, YA., May 2T, 1864. To the Editor of the New York Tribune: SIR: I desire to correct some of the statements of your correspondent J. W., of date May 20, from this place. The parenthetical remark (quoted from J. W.), that " the most accurate observer is liable to be misinformed," will obviate the need of apology for my so doing. The first error is in stating that "the Qlth New York" was a part of the force occupying the rifle pits. It was the 97^ Pennsylvania, which, with a portion of the 4th N. H., were in the centre of the line and remained in the trenches until the rebels had gained their rear through the opening left by the retiring of the 9th Maine, the 9th Maine being on the left of the line attacked. The next error is the statement that "the leader of 1804 -1 ACTION AT GREEN PLAINS, VA. the 97th P. V., in the charge upon the left, had mistaken, or rather not followed his orders." The orders were plainly given, by Col. Cyrus ,1. Dobbs, of the 13th ind., to whom Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, commanding the 97th P. V., was ordered t > report, and were distinctly heard by Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, by Capt. D. W. C. Lewis, commanding Company F, by 1st Lieut. J. T. Skiles, acting adjutant 97th P. V., and by several other officers and men of the Regiment who were near enough to render any mistake impossible. All agree in testifying to the words of the command: "Colonel, form your regiment in line and charge the left of those works, the right is taken." The charge was made with that prompt and unquestioning obedience to orders characteristic of the gallant officer who led it. Your correspondent is in error, also, when he states that "they ran desperately forward, hesitated, wavered and ran back all in a moment of time." On the contrary, the regularity of the line and its steady, unwavering front, even under the murderous fire of grape and canister and terrible musketry of the enemy, is the universal testimony of thousands who witnessed it; and when at length the utter impossibility of gaining the rifle pits became apparent when more than half the line had fallen and the leader of the brave boys was three times wounded and down, a halt was made and the order to retire given the line came back in order slowly across the open space where so many had fallen. There was no "run," no "wavering," no "mistaking of orders." "Somebody had blundered," but it was neither the 97//i P. V. nor its gallant leader, who only too well obeyed the orders given him. Tis said in the famous charge of the Six Hundred, "somebody blundered ;" so in this. But the order was obeyed a.s faithfully, leaving a record rivaling that famous one in its fearful carnage. Let no imputation of error or mistake be cast upon the brave who fell, needlessly fell, following their gallant leader, in obedience to orders, "into the jaws of death." Another correspondent, same date, signed W. II. K., states that the 97th P. V. and 13th Ind., in an attempt to retake the rifle pits, were ordered to move through (through italicized) the woods. Those regiments moved just where they were ordered to move, as can be abundantly proven where the facts are known. Respectfully, yours, ISAIAH PRICE, Capt. 97t h P. V., Comd g Reg t. This communication was ropublishcd in the papers of Chester and Delaware Counties. It was expected that the publication might subject the writer to censure, perhaps to the extent of for feiting his commission in the service. But in view of the circum stances this risk was accepted, believing it was justified and rested as a paramount duty upon the present commander of the Regiment, in vindication of his friend and commanding officer, now helpless and defenceless from his wounds, yet feeling all the more keenly the injustice of the published reports of the affair. On May 21, part of the Regiment again went on duty in the 284 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. trenches. The enemy had been constantly increasing their force in front of Gen. Butler s position. Gen. Pickett s division having in trenched the ground secured on the 20th, and mounted his artillery, opened fire upon Gen. Butler s works. His shot and shell came crashing at intervals through the camps in the rear of the intrench- ments. It became evident the enemy meant to attack. About 10 P. M., on the 21st, Gen. Butler was apprised, by a messenger from the front, that the enemy were massing their forces in front of Gen. Gillmore s position, the centre of the line. Butler nonchalantly replied, "Let them mass, but guard against surprise." The valiant troops of Gen. Gillmore, thus menaced, were always on the alert. Deep ravines protected the lines on Gen. Butler s right and an impassable swamp and a ravine also rendered his left quite secure from attack. The centre was, therefore, the only available point for the enemy to concentrate upon. Shortly before midnight, a volley of musketry broke the stillness and aroused the toil-worn soldiers in the camp. The call to arms was beat before the echoes of the enemy s guns had been repeated. The timely discovery of their intentions afforded Gen. Gillmore ample opportunity to give them a warm reception. Our pickets, in front of Gen. Ames line, received the enemy s fire with great steadiness, returning volley for volley as they gradually retired upon their reserve. When the rebel column approached it was received with a most withering fire. Our men then dropped to allow the artillery to play over them and upon the enemy. The siege guns and light batteries then com menced their work. The advance of the rebels was mowed down like grass, but they came up to the breach like veterans, filling up the gaps as the men fell, but the incessant fire from our batteries at last halted them and the confident foe was stayed in their mad career. Gen. Beauregard led the assaulting column a very heavy force. The attack was most impetuous and, but for Gen. Gillmore s wariness and skill, supported by the indomitable courage and valor of his well-tried 10th Corps, might have succeeded. The battle lasted nearly two hours and was probably one of the most desperate conflicts, in the time occupied and the number of men engaged, that occurred during the war. Soon after the action commenced, a shell from one of Capt. Loomis L. Langdon s Battery M, 1st U. S. Art y, struck and exploded a rebel caisson, scattering death and destruction all around it. The gunboats in the James and Appomatox Rivers also opened their batteries and operated successfully against the 1864.] BEAUREGARD S ASSAULT ON THE INTRENCHMENTS REPULSED. 285 enemy s flanks and their reserve forces in the rear. Gen. Gillmore s loss was about ten killed and fifty wounded. When the enemy had withdrawn, our men proceeded to bury the rebel killed left on the field. Among the wounded prisoners who fell into our hands was Brig. Gen. William 8. Walker, whose leg was amputated by Surgeon John J. Craven, of the medical de partment, 10th Corps. He subsequently recovered and was paroled and exchanged. The position occupied by Butler s forces, on a neck of land formed by the course of the two rivers, was now demonstrated to be impregnable to any force, however formidable, that might attempt to take it while defended by the veterans of the 10th and 18th Corps. On the 22d, a working party of the enemy appeared in front of our works and began to use their spades and axes. One of our batteries opened fire upon them and, by a few well-directed shots, postponed their operations. The 97th P. V. continued to furnish a part of the regular detail for duty at the front each day until the 27th, when, in conformity with orders received from Gen. Grunt, to send him all the troops that could with safely be spared, to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, then on the peninsula, advancing upon Richmond, Gen. Butler dispatched the 18th Corps and the 2d divi sion of the 10th, being about seventeen thousand of the most efficient men of his entire force of twenty-five thousand, under command of Brig. Gen. W T illiam F. Smith, with orders to proceed to W hite House, Va. The 97th P. V. had been transferred, on May 28, from the 1st brigade, 3d division, to the 3d brigade, 2d division, l()th Corps. Col. H. R. Guss was assigned to the command of the bri gade; the division being commanded by Gen. A. Ames. The division left the front on the afternoon of May 27, marched three miles and encamped, for the night, near the Burnt House, about three miles from Bermuda Hundred Landing. The march to the landing was resumed the next afternoon. The 97th P : V., being one of the last to embark, had halted at some distance from the wharf; when ready to go on board, after dark, were piloted to the vessel by Lieut. Col. William L. James and his brother, E. F. James, both of West Chester. The former, being Gen. Butler s chief quarter-master, had provided well for his friends of the 97th P. V. in the assignment of transports. The brief period of the embarka tion was rendered most pleasant by the presence and attention of 286 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, those familiar friends who were personally known to many in the Regiment. Gen. Smith s force, having all embarked, proceeded down the James River to Fortress Monroe, Va., thence up the Pa- munky River to White House, Va., where the troops were landed on May 30. The regiments of the 10th Corps encamped about half a mile from the landing, under shelter tents, to await the ar rival of the remainder of the division. The 18th Corps marched immediately to the front. While at White House Landing, the 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, commanded by Col. William Cooper Talley, of Delaware County, arrived, en route home, their term of service having expired. They had in charge about seven hundred rebel prisoners, captured, by Grant s Army, at the Wilder ness. There were many happy meetings of friends and relatives among the officers and men of the two regiments, some of the com panies having been recruited in the same locality. The Reserves had also occupied Camp Wayne. t On June 2, Col. Guss was relieved of the command of the 3d brigade and returned to his regiment, but did not resume the com mand, having, for reasons more fully stated in a future paragraph, tendered his resignation to the commanding general of the depart ment; he awaited its acceptance. Col. Louis Bell, of the 4th N. H., was now assigned to the command of the brigade, to which the 169th N. Y. had been added. Col. Bell was quite desirous to have Adjt. H. W. Carruthers, of the 97th P. V., upon his staff as acting assistant adjutant general. Twice the detail was made and the colonel twice made the request personally, but the adjutant politely declined his kind offer, preferring to remain with his regiment, knowing that his own desire was seconded by Maj. Price, who, while unwilling to allow his wishes to stand in the way of this pro motion, felt the need of his support in the command of the Regi ment after the departure of their beloved commander. From this time, until August 22, when he was stricken down in battle, Adjt. Carruthers stood by the Regiment and its commander with a fidelity unequalled, never absent from the head-quarters or from his post of duty for over half an hour at a time. During most of this period, both officers were constantly engaged in the front line, with the Regiment ready for instant service, night and day, often without opportunity of laying aside arms or accoutrements, save to unbuckle the gear and lay down with the harness on, prepared to repel the night attack at the opportune moment. ACTION AT COLD HARBOR, VA. 287 The 97th P. V. remained at White House until June 3, furnish ing its portion of the picket force at that place, until ready to inarch to the front. On that day, at 2 P. M., Gen. Ames division started on the march for Cold Harbor, Va. Soon after leaving camp, met trains of supply wagons, from Grant s Army, on the way to White House for rations; also ambulances with the wounded from the action of the previous day at Cold Harbor. The march was very fatiguing, owing to the extreme heat and the dust of the roads. Parties of skirmishers were kept out on the flanks during the march. These oc casionally encountered straggling rebel cavalry scouts, capturing several by the way. After a march of about seventeen miles, reached the lines at Cold Harbor at 1 A. M., on the 4th, having halted for over an hour at sunset to rest the men and get supper. ^Qfgp+q^jjSSF*^ POSITION OF OEK. SMITH S COMMAND AT COLD HAIUJOR, VA. The Regiment went immediately upon duty with Gen. Smith s command, in the front line, confronting Gen. Longstreet s Corps. Firing commenced soon after daylight; first on the right, then on the left; then in our front; attack and repulse, counter attack and repulse followed, as had been the case on the previous day; the battle being renewed with determination, on the part of the rebels, to drive our army from its position. The rank and file of this por tion of the Army of the James seemed conscious of their duty and 288 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the importance of sustaining their reputation before the army of the Potomac, with which it was then for the first time associated in battle. Our men stood up to their work with a steadfastness and reso lution seldom equalled. The interval between the lines was covered with the dead, dying and maimed soldiers of each army; but the firing was so incessant that it was certain death to attempt to reach them. The crash and roar of artillery, the rattling of musketry, the bright glare of flashing guns, the deep yell and cheer of the charge along the line, filled the air with the din of battle almost without interruption. A succession of battles ensued from the 2d of June to the 6th, the heaviest on the 3d, but by no means decisive; neither army be coming- master of the field at that time. A short suspension of hostilities occurred on June 5, when each side gathered up their wounded and buried their dead. The position of the 97th P. V., from the time it arrived at Cold Harbor until the withdrawal of the troops, on June 12, was one of danger, at the front continually, being moved from point to point on the line held by the 18th Corps and the 2d division of the 10th, wherever an attack was threatened. Bravely and well did the Regiment maintain its reputation for courage and efficiency at all times, the men fulfilling their duty promptly and uncomplainingly. On the evening of June 4, the Regiment being on duty at the front, Maj. Price received orders, from Col. Curtis, of the 142d N. Y., commanding 1st brigade, 2d division, and in command of the line, to send out a detail of men to fell trees to prevent the enemy ad vancing through the wood. A covering party was also sent out. The men were fired upon by the enemy, close in front, as soon as the cut ting commenced. Private Wellington S. Fisher, Company F, with the covering party, in attempting to gain the shelter of a stump from which to keep up a return fire, was shot and instantly killed by a rebel concealed behind the stump he was endeavoring to reach. Several others were wounded. Seeing that further effort would result in needless sacrifice of the men, Maj. Price reported the situa tion to Col. Curtis, who ordered the work discontinued. While at Cold Harbor, Va., Lieut. Col. Baynton J. Hickman, of the 49th P. V., a Chester Countian, visited the Regiment and passed several hours at head-quarters, where he was cordially welcomed by many friends and associates among the officers and men of the 97th P. V., it being quite a rare occurrence, in our experience, to meet ACTION AT COLD HARBOR, VA. with home friends in the service, owing to having been so long iso lated from Pennsylvania regiments other than the 55th, 76th, 85th and 104th P. V., and those not of our own district. The casualties in the 97th P. V., at Cold Harbor, Va., were one killed and nine wounded, and one man of Company F, missing. On June 12, the forces at Cold Harbor were with drawn. The Army of the Potomac moved toward the James River, which it crossed at Wilcox s Landing. The 18th Corps and the 2d divi sion of the 10th were the last to leave Cold Harbor. OEN 8MITH , 8 nEAD . QUARTER8) COLD Gen. Smith remained at his head-quarters, warily observant of the enemy in his front, until his troops were on the march returning to White House Landing. They embarked on transports, June 13, and proceeded, via Pa- munky and James Rivers, to Point of Rocks, near City Point, where the 97th P. V. landed at dark, on the 14th, and marched to the bluff near the landing, where it prepared to bivouac for the night. At 9 P. M., orders were received to join the remainder of the division, encamped near the Burnt House, three miles distant. The march occupied until midnight. At 5 o clock, on the next morning, the division was on the return march toward the Appomattox River, by the same route the Regiment had taken during the night, passing the spot where it had bivouacked, and might have remained resting until morning, but for the red tape orders that moved it to where the division was encamped. The troops of Gen. Smith s command crossed the Appomattox, on a pontoon bridge, near the lookout signal station, at Point of Rocks; then advanced toward Petersburg, in three columns: Gen. Martindale s division of the 18th Corps moved upon the right, and Gen. W. T. H Brooks division, 18th Corps, with the 2d division of the 10th, occupied the centre, while Kautz s Cavalry advanced upon the extreme left in order to reach the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad. The centre column came on the first lines of the enemy s works about five miles from Petersburg. These were carried by Gen. Hink s colored troops, with a loss of about sixty-five in killed and wounded. Two field pieces and a few prisoners were captured 19 290 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, DEFENCES OF RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG. 1864 ] ACTION AT PETERSBURG HEIGHTS. 291 The march was continued rapidly by the advancing columns until, within two and a half miles of Petersburg, the enemy s intrenched lines were reached, extending from the Appomattox across the range of commanding heights near the city, forming a strong line of de fence. The troops were formed in line, under cover of a wood and sprout clearings, which skirted the open fields before the enemy s works, across which the range was unobstructed. When the line had been extended sufficiently, the men were directed to lie down and await orders. Capt. James Battery, Company C, 3d R. I. Art y, maintained a well-directed fire upon the enemy s works during the afternoon. A line of skirmishers was sent forward through the clearing to re connoitre the position. The enemy opened fire upon these, by which many of the men lying in the wood were wounded; among them several of the 97th P. V. Just before sunset, Gen. Smith moved the 18th Corps and the 2d division of the 10th in three lines upon the enemy s works. First, a line of skirmishers reached and carried some French rifle pits from which the enemy had continued to fire until they were close upon them ; then begged for quarters. The 97th P. V., in the second line, advanced upon and drove the enemy from the next line of rifle pits; then pushed upon the strong earthworks upon the heights, four of which were carried in succession by the division and the 18th Corps. The entire force making a brilliant charge, occupied the earthworks with but little loss, capturing four hundred prisoners, sixteen field pieces and con siderable ammunition. These works, consisting of a powerful salient, four redoubts, and a connecting line of intrenchments, were built in the most sub stantial and approved manner, formidable and impressive, suggestive of the wide difference between the positions of assault and defence. Capt. James Battery supported the charge gallantly, keeping up an incessant fire until the moment our men reached the crest of the earthworks. The force occupying the lines where the charge was made were surprised by the suddenness of the advance. Re inforcements were being pushed to the front from the workshops of Petersburg. Some of the prisoners captured had been engaged at their usual avocations in the city at noon of that day. Our loss was comparatively small, owing mainly to the well-directed fire of Capt. James Battery, keeping the enemy from firing. The importance of this line of works could only be appreciated by 292 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, those who examined it. Those who participated in the capture feel confident that it was one of the most brilliant successes of the war. They will always have a pride in their share therein. Gen. Smith, satisfied with his success, rested his forces until morn ing, notwithstanding the clearness and brightness of the full moon favored a continuance of the advance before the enemy could be re inforced from Richmond and Lee s Army. Gen. Hancock, with two divisions of the 2d Corps; forming the van guard of the Army of the Potomac, came up at nightfall, and, courteously waiving seniority, tendered his force to Gen. Smith, who put part of it into the cap tured works, relieving his own troops, but made no further advance. Gen. Hancock, who had not, up to 5 P. M. of that day, been ap prized that Petersburg was to be assaulted, had lost some hours of the morning waiting for rations, and some further time had been lost in marching, by an inaccurate map taking him too far to the left. After the earthworks on the heights had been captured, the 97th P. V. moved to the right, and occu pied the heights at Ur. Friend s house, an eminence overlooking the city of Petersburg and the inter vening country; two lines of the enemy being in plain view, the next morning, at the foot of the slope. During the night, the reverse face of the hill was intrenched, which occupied the troops until morning. Advance parties were sent forward, during the early part of the night, to ascertain the position of the enemy. They were able to proceed for a considerable dis tance, encountering only straggling parties, a few of whom were captured. Later in the night, the rebel lines were re-established at a short distance in our front. Before morning, a very different enemy confronted and menaced the advance upon Petersburg. The van of Lee s veterans was now before us. By their arrival, the fall of Petersburg, so imminent and so possible the evening before, was now indefinitely postponed. Early on the morning of the 16th, a line of skirmishers with strong support, dashed rapidly forward, from Gen. Smith s lines, near Friend s house, to intercept and capture a rebel force, occupy ing a position behind some buildings on the banks of Harrison s Dr.. FRIEND S TTOTTSK. 1864.] ACTION AT PETERSBURG HEIGHTS. 293 creek, three hundred yards distant. They were met by a severe fire from the enemy which caused the line to waver. Seeing the peril of the situation and the need of encouragement, the boys of the 97th P. V. arose in the trenches and sent forth hearty cheers. The line then dashed forward again and carried the position, capturing over two hundred prisoners. The batteries at Friend s house had, by a well-directed fire, routed this force from the adjacent trenches, to seek concealment behind the bank and the buildings. The day following being excessively hot, and the men exhausted by previous marches, there was no further advance made. Occa sional firing was kept up between the skirmish lines of the opposing forces. During the 16th, Gen. Warren, with the 5th Corps, and Gen. Burnside, with the 9th, came up, followed by the greater part of the Army of the Potomac. Gen. Smith now occupied the right, reaching from the Appomat- tox to the heights just beyond Friend s house. Burnside, War ren and Hancock extended the line toward the left, with Kautz s Cavalry covering the flank. Gen. Meade, having made this disposition of his army, returned to City Point for consulta tion with Gen. Grant, at his head-quarters. Gen. Meade, at 2 P. M., was again at the front, making preparations for a general assault, which was delivered at 6 P. M. Hancock s, Burn side s and part of Warren s Corps went forward, facing bravely a terrible fire from a sheltered and formidable foe. A night of combat and carnage resulted in a general advance of our lines at heavy cost. Maj. Gen. Birney s division of the 2d Corps had stormed and carried the ridge in his front, while Burnside, repelled at first by the deadly fire he encountered, carried, at daylight, the outwork defying him, capturing four guns and four hundred prisoners. Brig. Gen. Robert B. Potter s division, which made this desperate charge, was now relieved by Brig. Gen. James H. Ledlie s, which pushed Burnside s advance still further to a point within a mile and a half of the city. At other points, there GEN. GRANT S HEAD-QUAIITEKS AT CITY POINT. 294 BISTORT OF THE NINETY-SEYENTH REGIMENT. [June, had been less progress, which left part of Burnside s position pro jected somewhat through the enemy s otherwise continuous lines- Upon this projection, the next night, the enemy made a most vigorous assault, driving Burnside s forces back with heavy loss. At 5 P. M., on the 16th, the brigade was ordered to the support of the 2d Corps, engaged in an assault on the left of the line. The 97th P. V. reached its destination about 9 P. M., in time to support the advance made by Hancock s troops, and relieved a force that had driven the enemy about half a mile through the woods, across ravines and gullies to a point near an old rebel camp of log huts. It was requisite to move cautiously and avoid any exposure, as the enemy was in close proximity to our position in a strong line of intrenchments. The remainder of the night was spent in reversing and strengthening the works captured. This was accomplished under a heavy fire, but the Regiment escaped without casualties. On the morning of the 17th, it was found that the line was so close to the enemy, and so much exposed, as to render it difficult to relieve the line in the usual manner by daylight. The relieving force found shelter under the -crest of rising ground in the rear. An orderly reached Maj. Price, with verbal directions to him to have his men get back into the rear line the best way they could. The orderly was then asked: "Where is the force that is to relieve the Regiment]" The answer was: "Lying back there, over the ridge." Maj. Price replied: "They must come in here before we go out, for the 97th Regiment will never leave this line empty without a written order from the officer in command." The written order was brought. Maj. Price then went along the line and ex plained to the men that, at a signal from him, they must all spring out of the trenches and back into the next line, which was accom plished with slight casualties, several making narrow escapes. Pri vate J. J. Still, Company C, being struck, it was thought he was killed; but, when pulled over the ridge into safety, it was found the ball had entered his cartridge-box, glancing off without causing much injury. The relieving force then ran forward into the line. A detachment of the 2d Corps relieved the brigade at 8 A. M. The most of the regiments rested during the day, a short distance in rear of the line, it being deemed advisable to keep the force near at hand in case of attack. A heavy advance picket was thrown for ward to drive the rebel pickets from their position in front of Friend s house, on the old race course, near Petersburg, from which THE ADVANCE AGAINST PETERSBURG. 295 quarter an attack by the enemy was anticipated. Capt. W. S. Men- denhall was in command of the detail from the 3d brigade, consist ing of Companies D and G of the 97th P. V., and other companies of the brigade, in all about three hundred men.* They advanced and drove the enemy from their rifle pits in the cornfield, and occupied the entire valley. This force was subjected to a heavy fire during most of the day. The men found shelter in pits dug with their bayonets, taking advantage of every favorable point in the ground. Capt. Mendenhall s force was relieved, later in the evening, by a detail from the 6th Corps, when he was directed by an aid-de-camp to report at Friend s house for instructions. He there learned that the division was on the march toward Bermuda Hun dred, it having been ordered to rejoin the 10th Corps at that place- The march of the division commenced about 9 P. M. Heavy mus ketry firing was heard along the entire line, while moving to the right, indicating a still further advance upon the enemy s lines. Capt. Mendenhall s detachment overtook the Regiment just after it had crossed the pontoon bridge near Point of Rocks. The divi sion arrived at the intrenchments near Foster Place at midnight and encamped, the men being worn out with their long night s march, continuous hard work in the trenches, and in action at the front, having lost much rest during several successive nights. The Regi ment continued to furnish its portion of the pickets with the other troops stationed at Bermuda Hundred. A number of sick men who had been left in the field hospital and at City Point Hospital, when the Regiment was ordered to Cold Harbor, now rejoined it. With them came Elwood P. Baldwin, formerly 1st lieutenant of Company H, who had resigned in No vember, 1862, and returned home on account of sickness. He had recovered and returned to the Regiment, having re-enlisted as a private in his old company. In a short time, he was detailed for duty in the brigade commissary department, and afterward received promotion. Col. H. R. Guss having tendered his resignation to the command ing general, on account of the manifest injustice exhibited toward him, by a commanding officer, received notice of its acceptance on June 23. It would not be proper to give in detail an account of *Capt. Mendenhall thinks that another company of the 9Hh P. V. was with him, either B or K, but his recollection is not clear upon this point. 296 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. t juue the want of fairness with which this faithful and efficient officer was persistently treated during most of the period subsequent to his re suming command of the brigade at Drury s Bluff, May 14. It cul minated in his being relieved of his command, on the march to Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, under circumstances indicating the deter mination arrived at to fill his place with a personal favorite, his junior in rank and inferior in qualification, under whose command Col. Guss was ordered to resume the command of his Regiment. Conscious of the undeserved humiliation intended, self-respect demanded that he adopt the only course left him consistent with his untarnished honor. Before parting with their beloved colonel and brigade commander, the officers of his regiment united in a testimonial, expressive of their regard and sincere regret, yet recognizing the necessity of the course determined upon as the only one possible under the circumstances. The following letter, transmitting the enclosed tes timonial, was addressed to Col. Guss by the adjutant of the Regi ment: HEAD-QUARTERS 97xn PA. VOLS., IN THE FIELD, NEAR BERMUDA HUNDRED, VA., June 23, 1864. COLONEL HENRY R. Guss, 97iH PA. YOLS. COLONEL: I have the honor, on behalf of the officers of your Regiment, to transmit the enclosed expression of their esteem and regard for you, as a gentle man aud a soldier, which was gotten up, in a hasty manner, upon learning that you had resigned your commission as colonel of the 97th Regiment. They regret that their situation in the field prevents them, at this time, from transmitting you a more solid testimonial. Permit me, for myself, to say that inasmuch as I have served with you so long, in more than one campaign, at the same time with uninterrupted harmony and good-fellowship your resignation severs an official tie which has heretofore mingled pleasure with duty. Having been so intimate with you, and on your personal staff for so long a period, I shall feel and regret your absence more, perhaps, than any one else. I wish you success in any and every sphere of life in which you may engage, and sincerely hope that "All your ways may be ways of pleasantness, and all your paths be peace." I remain, Colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY W. CARRUTHERS, Adjt. 97th Pa. Vols. HEAD-QUARTERS 97in PA. YOLS., IN THE FIELD, NEAR BERMUDA HUNDRED, VA., June 23, 1864. COLONEL HENRY R. Guss, 97TH. PA. YOLS. COLONEL: We, the undersigned, commissioned officers of the 97th Pa. Vols., 1864 -1 TESTIMONIAL TO COLONEL H. R. GUSS. 297 present with the Regiment, learn, with deep regret, that you have resigned your commission as Colonel of the Regiment. Permit us, therefore, your comrades in arms, upon the eve of this separation, to express to you, in a hasty but most sincere manner, our high regard for and appreciation of your social qualities as a gentleman, and your ability and gal lantry as a soldier and an officer. For nearly three years, Colonel, we have marched shoulder to shoulder amid the ravages of battle and disease; together we have toiled and labored hard, un dergone exposures and hardships which the uninitiated know not of; but we never yet have bad occasion to regret the day or the hour when the standard of the Regiment was delivered to us and you assumed the high and arduous re sponsibility of Commandant of the Regiment. We have become attached to you not ,.nly for your noble and manly attributes; but the further fact that the Regiment was recruited and organized under your auspices, has drawn us more closely to you. It is, therefore, with no feigned regret that we submit to your withdrawal from our midst at the present moment. Allow us to add that the causes which induced you to resign are not unknown to us, and, although we wish you to remain with us until the expiration of the term of the Regiment, we nevertheless see in this an indication of spirit and manliness which will not brook dishonor, and is, therefore, to be admired and imi tated. In laying down the sword and returning to the duties of civil life, we beg you to take with you, Colonel, our best wishes for long life, happiness and prosperity, and our assurances that you will ever be kindly remembered by the officers and soldiers of your old command. We have the honor to be, Colonel, Very respectfully, your obedient servants, ISAIAH PRICE, Major 97th P. V.. Comd g Regt. HENRY W. CARRUTHERS, Capt. 97tb P. V. and Adjt. Regt. JOHN R. EVERIIART, Surgeon 97th P. V. WILLIAM C. MORRISON, Asst. Surgeon 97th P. V. WILLIAM S. MENDENHALL, Capt. 97th P". V., Comd g Co. D. G. W. HAWKINS, Capt. 97th P. V., Comd g Co. I. CALEB HOOPES, Capt. 97tb P. V., Comd g Co. G. SAMUEL V. BLACK, Capt. 97th P. V., Comd g Co. K. JOHN McGRATii, 1st Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. E. FRANCIS J. EACHUS, 1st Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. C. JOHN WAINWRIGHT, 1st Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. F. GASWAY O. YARNALL, 1st Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. G. JAMES T. SKILES, 1st Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. B. LEVI L. MARCH, 1st Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. K. WILLIAM H. EVES, 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. G. JAMES MCWILLIAMS, 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. E. THOMAS COSGRIFF, 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. F. ISAAC J. BURTON, 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. A. GEORGE W. DUFFEE, 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. I. JACOB G. LOWRY, 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. B. HENRY KAUFFMAN, JR., 2d Lieut. 97th P. V., Co. C. 298 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, Col. Guss accordingly prepared to return home, parting with the officers and men on the evening of June 23, 1864, as the Regiment marched out of camp at Bermuda Hundred, to cross the Appo- mattox. The feeling of sadness and regret was universal. -In the departure of their beloved commander, each man was conscious of losing one who had been also as a father and friend to all. Before leaving the department, Col. Guss addressed the following letter of farewell to the Regiment: HEAD-QUARTERS 97m PA. VOLS., IN THE FIELD, NEAR POINT OF ROCKS, YA., June 23, 1864. To THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE 97TH P. Y. FELLOW SOLDIERS: Impelled by reasons which my sense of honor as a man, and my good name as a soldier, would not permit me to disregard, I tendered my resignation as Colonel of this Regiment. That resignation, as you know, has teen accepted by the major general commanding, and before you see this letter I shall be on my way home. I earnestly desired to say a few words to you as an organization before I ieft, but want of time, and the fact that you were underarms and preparing to march to meet the enemy, prevented me from doing more than merely clasping the hands of a part of your number. You will pardon me, therefore, for not bidding you a formal good-bye, but I beg to assure you that you will always be kindly and affectionately remembered by me. Although I am separated from you, I can truthfully say that my in terest in you, and in your success in your future career during this fierce and mighty struggle for Liberty and Union, will not cease. I shall watch your course and your actions with the same eagerness and the same solicitude as ever. From experience, I know that you will do your duty wherever you may be as signed and it is my sincere wish and prayer that you may pass through this stern ordeal of battle and toil in safety and with honor. And when your term of ser vice has expired, I can assure you that no one will be more delighted than myself to welcome you back to home and friends. Having organized the Regiment, and served with it so long, I think I have a right to feel a just pride in you and in the services you have rendered to your country, in the camp and in the field, and, therefore, so much the more do I leave you with deep and sincere regret. I congratulate you all, officers and men, for the reputation you have achieved for gallantry and discipline, and I thank you all for your courtesy and kindness toward me and for your flattering expressions of regret at my separation from you. Again wishing you success and good fortune in your future career, I remain, Your sincere friend and well wisher, HENRY R. Guss. 1864 1 THE ADVANCE AGAINST PETERSBURG. 299 CHAPTER X. CEMETERY HILL; PETERSBURG MINE; WIER BOTTOM CHURCH; DEEP BOTTOM; NEW MARKET HEIGHTS; STRAWBERRY PLAINS; FORT GILMER; DARBYTOWN ROAD; CHARLES CITY ROAD; DARBYTOWN; CHAPIN S FARM; JUNE 23 TO DECEMBER 2, 1864. EFORE the acceptance of the resignation that separated the 97th P. V. from their beloved commander, it was known to the troops of the 10th Corps that their com manding general, Quincy A. Gillmore, had applied to be relieved from the command thereof, which being ap proved, that officer left the department about January 18, 1864, to the great regret of the entire corps, the officers and men of which had the most implicit confi dence in his abilities and skill. Brig. Gen. W. II. T. Brooks, commanding a division of the 18th Corps, was temporarily assigned to the command of the 10th Corps, which he retained until the acceptance of his resignation, near the middle of July. Gen. Ames was now relieved of the command of the 2d division and assigned to duty with the 18th Corps, and Brig. Gen. John W. Turner, who had commanded the 3d division of the l()th Corps, was placed in command of the 2d division, which had now received the appellation of the "Flying Division." It was not permitted to remain long with the corps. Orders w r ere received to return to duty with the 18th Corps, in front of Petersburg. Soon after Col. Guss had taken leave of the Regiment, the divi sion moved out of camp and crossed the Appomattox; then, owing to the mistake of the guide, marched by a circuitous route nearly all night, reaching the front at 2.30 A. M. on tho 24th. The divi sion relieved a portion of the 9th Corps, the 97th P. V. occupying a position in front of Cemetery Hill; continued in the front line of intrenchments, alternately with other regiments of the command, one week at a time; then changed to the second line a few yards in 300 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, BULLET-PROOF IN THE WOOD. rear of the first, both being con stantly under fire. Casualties most often occurred in the second line. Almost constant firing was kept up between the pickets, whose position was in close range of each other. Safety was only secured by erecting bullet-proof shelter of logs in the woods and by digging gopher holes in the hillsides. Frequent night attacks occurred, the enemy advancing under cover of the darkness, for the purpose of capturing the pickets, requiring constant vigilance to thwart their designs. The incessant fire rendered it unsafe at any time to venture from the shelter of the earthworks and bombproofs. Many were killed and wounded, while walking about in rear of the lines, by shot from the enemy aimed at men in the front lines. Mortar shell were daily thrown by the enemy along portions of the line with considerable effect, the range being remarkably accurate. A return fire by our mortars generally resulted in silencing the enemy s fire. There was no cessation of active service for any of the troops in the trenches during the period from June 24 until the end of July. During this time, neither officers nor men could remove their clothing for rest or lay aside their arms and accoutrements; these were required, by order, to be kept constantly ready for instant service. A detail of sharp-shooters was made from the 97th P. V. on June 27, the best marksmen of each company being selected for this arduous and dangerous service. A pioneer corps was also detailed from the Regiment, under command of Lieut. Eves, of Company G. They were engaged in repairing roads, removing obstructions and in perfecting the defences of the lines. At night, the men lay with their arms beside them in the trenches, one-half of the force being kept awake, during half the night, while the remainder slept, the others in turn keeping watch until morning. The intrenched lines extended several miles to the left, parallel in many places, only a few yards distant from each other. At com manding points, most elaborate earthworks were constructed; those then completed were Forts McGilvery, Steadman and Haskell; later operations extended the line to Fort Sedgwick and beyond the 1864] ACTION AT CEMETERY HILL. 301 " "-- INTERIOR OF FORT 8TEADMAN. Jerusalem Plank Road. Forts Stradman and Sedgwick were par ticularly hot places. To the latter the men gave the name of Fort Hell, when, not to be outdone, the rebels called Fort Mahone, vis-a-vis to the other, Fort Damnation. A view of the former lo cality is here given. On June 30, an advance was ordered upon the enemy s works, near Cemetery Hill, for the purpose of engaging the attention of the rebels, while a larger force, under Col. William B. Barton, 48th N. Y., commanding the 2d brigade, 2d division, was to assault the enemy s works to the right of the hill. One hundred men of the 97th P. V., with three hundred detailed from the 169th N. Y., the 4th X H., the 9th Maine and the 13th Ind., all under command of Capt. W. S. Mendenhall. Company I), 97th P. V., moved by the flank from the line of intrenchments at 5 P. M., passing a strip of woods and meadow, and reached the cover of a steep bank upon which the advanced pickets were stationed. Halting at a point where Col. Barton s position could be observed, Capt. Mendenhall formed his line of battle: the 97th P. V. and 13th Tnd. on the right, 9th Maine and 4th N. H. in the centre, and the 169th X. Y. on the left; then, charging up the hill and across an open field, the wood beyond was gained. A brisk fire was then opened by this force on the rebel lines, a few yards distant. The fire was sharply returned by the enemy. Capt. Mendenhall held his position, de livering a rapid fire on the enemy. Meanwhile, Col. Barton s force had not advanced. The situation of the detachment was becoming critical. It had gained and was holding the position to which it had been ordered. Still no advance was made on the right. The rebels concentrated all their force in front and, under cover of the adjoining wood, had thrown a regiment upon the left flank of the detachment, which opened a terrible fire along the line. The men of the 9th Maine broke from the line; a few others followed, them but were rallied immediately; the remainder stood manfully to 302 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [June, their work. The 169th N. Y. closed up the gap left by the 9th Maine. The line then advanced to a better position, from which a steady and determined fire was opened upon the force assailing the flank, obliging it to seek the shelter of the earthworks. This posi tion was maintained until 7 P. M., when Capt. Mendenhall s force was relieved by a larger one. Five officers and one hundred and fifty men were killed and wounded. The 97th P. V. lost three killed and nineteen wounded. Sergt. John A. Russell and Privates Hezekiah Andy, Company H, and William De Faux, Company G, were killed. Privates Charles S. Cloud, Company D, and William T. Lovell, Company H, being mortally wounded, died within a short time after reaching the hospital. A detail, under Lieut. Levi L. March, Company K, carried the dead and the wounded from the field, while Capt. Mendenhall held the position. During the ensuing night, the enemy kept up an incessant firing. The mortar batteries of both sides were used with great effect and many casualties oc curred. The position thus gained was held by our forces and was regarded of considerable importance. A sap was run along the slope, covering the rebel lines in our front, causing the enemy much annoyance. Col. Barton, for reasons in which he was subsequently sustained, decided not to make the attack as contemplated. The loss and jeopardy to the detachment, therefore, except so far as the advan tage of the position gained, became a needless sacrifice. Private John T. Con way, Company E, captured May 20, 1864, died, June 30, in the rebel prison pen at Andersonville, Ga. The casualties, after returning to the Petersburg front, on June 24, in addition to the loss in the assault of June 30, were six killed and eight wounded, a total of thirty-six. Among the wounded was Principal Musician James J. Wilson, recently promoted from Com pany C. He became footsore on the night march of June 23, and fell behind. The provost guard, gathering up the stragglers, com pelled him to go upon duty with these in the front line, where he was severely wounded, and was sent to the hospital at Fortress Monroe, Va., and remained until the expiration of his term of service, unable to rejoin his regiment. In this instance, the orders of the guard were executed with undue and arbitrary severity upon as brave and faithful a soldier as there was in the ranks of any regiment in the service. He had never shrunk from any duty ! On the contrary, in every instance in which his company or regiment 1864.] OPERATIONS AGAINST PETERSBURG. 303 was engaged, though excused as a musician from bearing arms, he always sought, of his commanding officer, permission to take a musket and go to the front. The work of strengthening and rendering secure the lines was constantly going on. The earthworks were models of construction, the result of the untiring industry of the men. Strong and impas sable abattis covered the front along almost its entire extent, the tops and branches of trees being firmly planted in the ground and so interlocked as to form a perfect defence against a charge. EARTHWORKS AND ABATTIS. 1st Lieut. G. (). Yarnall, Company G, was detailed, about July 1, as acting ordnance officer of the artillery brigade of the l()th Corps and was stationed at Point of Rocks. He continued upon this duty until mustered out of service in October following. A convalescent camp was established about half a mile east of Petersburg Heights, to which the men of the division, who were slightly wounded, sick or otherwise temporarily unfit for duty, were sent for treatment. Three hundred was the average number re ceived. 1st Lieut. George W. Duffee, of Company I, was placed in command of this camp, retaining it until the division was ordered to Bermuda Hundred in August. About the middle of July, commissions were received for the fol lowing officers, viz.: 2d Lieut. Henry Odiorne, Company D, to be 1st lieutenant, vice Fawkes, killed; 1st Sergt. Charles H. Hannurn, same company, to be 2d lieutenant, vice Odiorne, promoted; 2d 304 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [ Jul 7i Lieut. Levi L. March, Company K, to be 1st lieutenant, vice Black, promoted. All of these were immediately mustered, except ing Hannum, who declined promotion, desiring to be mustered out at the expiration of his term. Promotion was then offered to Sergt. Isaac B. Taylor, who accepted and was mustered. A commission for 1st Sergt. William S. Underwood, Company K, as 2d lieute nant, had been sent for at the same time, but it had miscarried and was not received for several months. On the afternoon of the 8th, the enemy made a charge on the right of our line, advancing about one hundred yards. An effective fire being opened on them, they retired without effecting their pur pose. Heavy firing continued along the entire line for over an hour. Lieut. William H. Eves, while on duty at the front, on the night of the 10th, with his pioneer corps, was slightly wounded in the right knee, but he remained at the front and completed the work upon which he was engaged. About July 15, Lieut. Col. (since brevet brigadier general) Wil liam L. James, chief quarter-master of Gen. Butler s staff, accom panied by his father, Hickman James, Eber D. Haines, Jesse J. Bailey and Jackson Sergeant, all of West Chester, spent the day at the front with their friends, by whom they were cordially wel comed. After partaking of camp fare at head-quarters, they visited, the front line of pickets. Hickman James, desiring a still nearer view and the chance of a shot, crawled forward into one of the gopher holes and drew a bead on an unfortunate enemy of his country and came back quite satisfied. Our friends were pressingly invited to spend the night at the front. A grand display of shell and other fireworks was promised from the enemy s batteries, with assurances of safety under the bombproof shelter; but somehow the fireworks did not seem to be sufficiently attractive, and they left us toward evening. In searching for the Regiment, in the morning, Lieut. Col. James reached an open space exposed to the fire of the enemy, and was observed standing at a spot of great danger looking toward the front lines, when a call apprised him of his peril. He did not back out, but came right on, having recognized the voice. The others reached the lines by a more safe route. About the same time, Maj. Emmor B. Cope, formerly of Company A, 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, recently promoted, and then an aid-de-camp upon the staff of Maj. Gen. Warren, com- 1804 J VISITORS FROM WEST CHESTER. 305 manding the 5th Corps, which occupied the trendies upon the left of Gen. Burnside s position, visited the Regiment, accompanied by Dr. J. K. Warren, of West Chester, a cousin of Gen. Warren, and Capt. Paul F. Whitehead, Company I, 68th P. V. (Scott Legion), on duty at head-quarters of the Army of the Potomac. They were warmly welcomed by many friends in the 97th P. V. Capt. (since lieutenant colonel) Hufty, 9th N. J., 18th Corps, and formerly of the 9th P. V., in the three months service, came fre quently to visit many of his old friends in the Regiment. A thirteen-inch mortar had been placed in position, by the 18th Corps, which, on the 18th, opened on the enemy s works with great effect. Firing continued on the 19th on both sides. The thirteen-inch mortar threw its immense shell across the river upon the enemy s batteries and into Petersburg. It was reported that one thirteen- inch shell had exploded a caisson of the enemy and burned the Weldon Railroad depot in the city. There were many casualties on both sides. The continuous roar of artillery was terrific. On the 21st, the batteries were again engaged, followed by severe musketry firing along the line. On the night of the 21st, Lieut. Isaac J. Burton was wounded, in the right hand, as he was placing a gabion in position in the sap; though exceedingly painful, he remained upon duty at the front until the detail was relieved. Gen. E. O. C. Ord was assigned to the command of the 18th Corps, on July 22, relieving Gen. John H. Martindale. Upon the resignation of Gen. Brooks, July 15, Gen. A. H. Terry was temporarily placed in command. Maj. Gen. David B. Birney, commanding the 3d division of the 2d Corps, was assigned to the command of the 10th Corps on July 22, 1864. About July 27, the 97th P. V. was transferred from the 3d bri gade, 2d division, to the 2d brigade, same division, exchanging position with the 115th N. Y. It constituted a part of that divi sion during the remainder of the war. The brigade consisted of the 47th and 48th N. Y., the 76th and 97th P. V., and was commanded by Lieut. Col. William B. Coan, 48th N. Y., during the temporary absence of Col. William B. Barton, 48th N Y. Rev. David W. Moore, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Centreville, Delaware, having received the appointment of chaplain, joined the Regiment, near Petersburg, Va., on July 16, 1864. 20 306 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [3u]y, The enemy were shelling our lines most vigorously. To one not accustomed to such close proximity to the front, this was an expe rience both novel and startling, calculated to test the nerves of the bravest men. The day after his arrival, being Sunday, Col. Bell, commanding brigade, requested Chaplain Moore to hold service at brigade head-quarters, in the second line of works. This had just commenced when, in the midst of the prayer, a shell exploded over head, sending its fragments crashing down among the worshipers- It was a severe ordeal for the chaplain; yet he scarcely quailed, while some of the old soldiers could not help instinctively crawling for cover. Several pieces of the shell struck quite close to the con gregation; one piece struck and slightly wounded one of the staff officers. The chaplain continued the service with firmness and fervor to the end. Rarely, perhaps, has any one officiated in an inaugural service deserving so well the appellation of the "baptism of fire." From that time forward he was regarded as the plucky chaplain. He soon became much interested in the members of the Regiment, and, by his faithfulness and kindly care for his charge, won the respect and confidence of both officers and men. About 8 P. M., on the 29th, the 2d division, 10th Corps, was re lieved from duty in the intrenchments by a part of the 18th Corps, and was ordered to join the forces preparing for an assault upon the enemy s works, at Gen. Burnside s position, on the 3()th, when the mine explosion was to take place. A brief account of this en terprise is obtained from the report of Lieut. Col. Fleasants, 48th P. V., who conceived and executed the idea of mining and blowing up a battery of the enemy, the men of his regiment being mostly coal miners and well adapted to the work. He says: "The gallery was commenced at 12 M., June 25, 1864, without tools, lumber or any of the material requisite for such work. The mining picks were made of those used by our pioneers. Plank was obtained by tearing down a rebel bridge, and afterward by sending to a sawmill five or six miles distant. The material excavated was carried out on hand-barrows constructed of cracker boxes. The work progressed rapidly until the 2d of July, when it reached extremely bad ground the timbers gave away, and the roof and floor of the gal lery nearly met retirabered it and started again from this point had to exca vate a stratum of marl, whose consistency was like putty and which caused our progress to be necessarily slow. To avoid this, an inclined plane was started, and in one hundred feet rose about thirteen and a half feet perpendicular. "On July 17, the main gallery was completed, being five hundred and one and eight-tenths feet in length. The enemy having obtained information of the 1861.] ACTION AT PETERSBURG MINE, VA. 307 OUTUNK OF THE CHATEU AND MAGAZINES. mine, commenced searching for it. Orders were issued to stop operations, which were, however, recommenced on the following day, by starting the left lateral gallery. At 6 P., M. on the same day, commenced the right lateral gallery. As the enemy could plainly be heard working over us in the fort, the gallery was excavated a little be yond and in the rear of their works, and gave to it a curved line of direc tion. The left lateral gal lery was stopped at in id- night, July 22. "The right lateral gallery, being thirty-eight feet long, was stopped at fi P. M., July 23. The mine could have been ehnrged and exploded at this time. The men were employed from that time in draining, timbering and placing eight innga ztnes in position, and having received the order to charge the mine, on July 27 the powder was commenced to be placed in at 4 P. M., and finished at 10 P. M The tamping was then begun, and completed by G P. M. on the 28th. The charge consisted of three hundred and twenty kegs of powder, each containing twenty-five pounds eight thousand pounds in all. The size of the crater formed by the explosion was at least two hundred feet long, fifty feet wide, and twenty- five feet deep." The 2d division marched about three miles to the left, to a point near Gen. Burnside s head-quarters, where it bivouacked in a field, where a large force was concentrated in column by division closed in mass. The troops lay upon their arms until near 4 A. M., when orders were passed along the column to move quietly toward the front. Moving through a wood, passed the camps of large numbers of troops preparing to move forward. Beyond the wood, in an open space in rear of the line of batteries commanding the rebel posi tion, the division was halted and closed in mass in regimental front; then lay upon their arms, awaiting further orders. It was designed to tire the mine at 3.30 A. M., at which time the match was ap plied, but the expected result did not occur. After waiting a con siderable time, 1st Lieut. Jacob Douty, Company K, 48th P. V., and Sergt. Henry Reese, since 2d lieutenant of same company, ven tured into he gallery, detected and removed the cause of failure. At 4.45 A. M., the match was reapplied and the fuse slowly burned its way to the mine. Suddenly the earth seemed to tremble, then a heavy shock, followed by rumbling like distant thunder, a 308 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. dense mass of smoke and flying fragments arose in the air, envelop ing the rebel position, indicating the successful explosion of the mine. The entire work was demolished and the ibrce of near twelve hundred men buried in the ruins. The storming party, a small force, advanced from its position beyond the lines and occupied the demolished works, capturing a large number of prisoners from the adjacent lines, and many half buried in the ruins were released from their peril and fright. The rebels on each side of the works hastily left their places in fear of other explosions. The advance, for a time, met no opposition from the rebel force, panic stricken at the disaster. Gen. Ledlie s division of the 9th Corps entered the crater im mediately after the explosion, and was expected to advance rapidly upon the ridge beyond ; but became disorganized at the fire, which was soon opened upon them, from the batteries on the right and left of the position, and from a battery near Cemetery Hill. Another division, thrown forward, failed to get much beyond the crater, and a third sent forward did not reach the crest of the rebel batteries at Cemetery Hill. Instead of the almost uninterrupted occupation of a large portion of the enemy s line, that might have immediately followed the surprise and panic into which the enemy were thrown, our advance, an hour later, met a most stubborn re sistance and final defeat. The troops advanced for a short distance, on the right and left of the crater, driving the rebels into their third line of works with but little opposition; but, owing to a want of concerted action, the enemy was not pressed vigorously from their position. The rebel commanders, perceiving this, made a de termined stand and soon commenced to drive back the assaulting forces. Meanwhile, the troops, massed in the rear of the batteries, lay awaiting orders to move. The heavy guns along the entire line had opened fire immediately after the explosion, which continued during most of the action. The order came at last to advance these forces in support of the assault; but the distance and the obstructions to the march, which was by the flank through narrow defiles of approaches, under the enemy s fire, by which the ravine was enfiladed right and left, caused much delay before the troops reached a position from which they could charge upon the enemy s lines. Had this movement been made during the night concentrating the entire force of thirty thousand men halted in rear of the batteries at the point from 19C4 -1 ACTION AT PETERSBURG MINE, VA. 309 which they finally charged upon the enemy, the day s record would have differed widely in its results. While passing the defile, Gen. Grant went forward along the line toward the crater. It was the first opportunity many of the men had of seeing the Commander-in-chief of the army. Having reached the rising ground toward the rebel lines, the troops were again formed in regimental front. The battle was now raging hotly and our men falling rapidly under the fire of musketry to which the position was exposed. The 97th P. V., being on the left of the bri gade, while marching by the flank into position, had six companies, C, H, E, K, G and B, detached from the left, without the know ledge of Maj. Price, who was leading the Regiment into position; an aid to one of the general officers, without authority from either the division or brigade commanders, detached the left, by directing Lieut. Eachus, Company C, to take another direction than that of following the right of the Regiment, and sent those companies forward to charge a line of rebel rifle pits on the right flank of the advance. This was successfully accomplished ; not, however, with out considerable loss in killed and wounded, several of the color guard being killed, placing the colors of the Regiment in great danger of capture. The brigade was soon ordered to advance across a meadow on the right, in the same direction as that taken by the left of the 97th P. V., and to occupy the wood beyond. The orders Maj. Price received from Lieut. Col, Coan were to ad vance the 97th P. V. to a point indicated on the right; then to move to the right as far as possible. Moving by the flank at double quick, exposed to a brisk fire, the Regiment advanced across a meadow, fol lowing the bed of a creek; reached the wood with but little loss; formed by company into line upon the run; then ascended tl e bank on the top of which was a line of rebel rifle pits, from which the enemy had retired to a second line a few yards further on. From this an effective fire was kept up. The Regiment then moved along the ditch until reaching a point beyond which an enfilading fire of the enemy, occupying the prolongation of the same line, prevented further progress. Leaving Capt. Mendcnhall, of Company I), in charge of that portion of the Regiment thus posted, Maj. Price, in fulfillment of orders to that effect, from Lieut, Col. Coan, proceeded to the left for the purpose of finding the other companies, in order to bring them to the part of the field occupied by the right of the Regiment. 310 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. It was at this juncture that the rebels, having fully rallied, were beginning to drive back the advanced forces and to regain their lost ground. Maj. Price had succeeded in finding and was moving the detached companies of his Regiment to the right to rejoin the re mainder of his command, and was just in the rear of two brigades that were lying against the slope of the hill in column by regiment closed in mass, when the sudden movement of a heavy force of the enemy, on the left flank of this force, exposed the position to cap ture. The troops came rushing down the hill, breaking through the ranks of Maj. Price s men, sweeping all in confusion across the meadow in the rear. He then followed in order to rally his men, which was done at the line of earthworks, behind which the line was reformed. Maj. Price then received orders, from Gen. Turner, to occupy the line of intrcnchments, with the left of his Regiment, until further orders. It remained in this position until the close of the engagement, exposed to a heavy flank fire of musketry and shell from the enemy s works. The right of the 97th P. V. continued to hold its position, repelling successive attempts of the enemy to charge and retake that portion of the line; by this means affording protection to Brig. Gen. W. F. Bartlett s brigade of the 1st division of the 9th Corps on the left, the position of the 97th P. V. com manding a ravine through which a rebel force was endeavoring to reach Gen. Bartlett s rear and cut him off from the main force. For over three hours, under a terrible fire of artillery and musketry, with the intense heat of the July sun overhead, those brave men shrunk not from their duty. Their position was perilous in the extreme, isolated from the main force by the meadow swept by the rebel fire, and separated from Gen. Bartlett s command by the ravine which the rebel fire also covered. Their ammunition almost exhausted, it became necessary to send a messenger to report their situation. Private John Uowling, Company D, orderly at regimental head-quarters, dispatched upon this errand, was severely wounded and prevented from reporting. Orders were subsequently sent to Capt. Mendenhall to retire to the intrenched lines. The men could only retire singly under whatever cover they could find. Several were killed and wounded, among the latter was Capt. Men denhall, who received a Minie ball through the left arm, near the shoulder. Having reached the earthworks, these companies took their places in the line with the Regiment. Within less than an hour, Gen. Bartlett s brigade lost, by cap- ACTION AT PETERSBURG MINE, VA. 311 tare, nine hundred and seventy-five, officers and men, including the general and staff; Col. G. G. Marshall, commander of a brigade in Brig. Gen. J. II. Ledlie s 1st division, 9th Corps, was also captured at the same time. The closing in of the enemy upon both flanks, occurring a little earlier, would have included the right wing of the 97th P. V. in the number of prisoners. At 1 P. M., the troops were withdrawn from the field, the line being held by the usual force. The 2d division of the 10th Corps, which, at this time, numbered about four thousand available men, entered the action with probably a little less than that number, sustained a loss of over four hundred. The 97th P. V. was not relieved until 2.30 P. M., when it started upon the march toward its former position, to the right of Cemetery Hill, having sustained a loss in this action of ten killed and twenty- eight wounded, as follows: Company A, one killed; Company B, ten wounded; Company C, five wounded; Company I), three wounded; Company E, one killed, three wounded; Company F, three killed; Company G, two killed, three wounded; Company H, one wounded; Company I, one killed; Company K, two killed, three wounded. Capt. William S. Mendenhall, Company D, severely wounded in the left shoulder, was sent to the field hospital, 18th Corps, and from there to Annapolis, Md., where he remained until discharged the service, on the 4th of October following, having served over three years. 1st Lieut. Levi L. March, severely wounded in the right arm and leg, was sent to the field hospital, 18th Corps, where his arm and leg were amputated. He was afterward transferred to the Chesapeake Hospital, at Fortress Monroe, Va., where he died, on the night of August 13, from the effects of his severe wounds. His remains were sent to Norristown, Pa., for burial. 2d Lieut. James Me Williams, Company E, wounded in the right arm; 2d Lieut. Jacob G. Lowry, Company B, slightly in the right foot. 2d Lieut. Thomas Cosgriff, Company F, was prostrated by a slight sun stroke. Corp. John T. Taylor, Company A, with the color guard, was instantly killed during the charge of the left wing of the Regi ment upon the rebel rifle pits. His body could not be brought off the field as the enemy soon after occupied the ground. Private Joshua Carey, Company F, was also instantly killed, while ad vancing with the Regiment, soon after leaving the covered way. He was a veteran of the Mexican war, and had passed nearly ten years in service of the United States. 312 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, On July 31, the 2d division of the 10th Corps, was relieved from duty with the 18th, and ordered to rejoin the 10th Corps, north of the Appomattox. The 97th P. V. had been for thirty-eight days continuously under fire before Petersburg, sustaining casualties that had largely diminished its numbers. After a fatiguing march of fif teen miles, during which many of the men were overcome by the excessive heat, the old camp ground, at Foster s Place, was reached, where tents were again pitched and covered with boughs of pine to shade the men from the intense heat. The details for duty were now much reduced, affording the men opportunity to rest after this period of arduous service. The pickets here had for some time, by mutual consent, avoided firing upon each other the men sitting upon or reclining against the embankments in plain view of each other, and when no officer of either side was near, interchanging papers, tobacco and friendly chat. The field officers of the day passed frequently along the line in view of the enemy, whose lines were only a few paces off, with out molestation. Officers of the enemy were also seen, but no re cognition or sign of salutation passed; each side tacitly accepted and respected the truce in regard to firing. During July, in addition to the casualties previously reported in the action of July 30, there were nine killed and thirty-five wounded, making a total, during the advance against Petersburg, from June 15 to July 30, of thirty killed and ninety-three wounded, an aggre gate of one hundred and twenty-three, officers and men. At City Point, Va., about August 1, 1864, there occurred a terrific explosion of a large amount of ammunition which was being un loaded from vessels at the wharf. A large number of men were killed, of whose remains scarce a vestige was found; some were wounded by the flying fragments and destructive missiles; many men, known to have been near, were missed and never heard of again; every vestige of the vessels disappeared, and many buildings were destroyed and others injured. The report and shock were very distinct at the camp of the Regiment, near Foster s Place, where the dense smoke and flying debris were plainly visible. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker was commissioned colonel of the Regi ment, by Gov. Curtin, during his absence. He rejoined the Regi ment at Bermuda Hundred, August 12, having partially recovered from his wounds received on May 20; but still somewhat disabled in the use of his right arm. He resumed command of the Regiment 18641 OPERATIONS NORTH OF THE JAMES. 313 on August 13. He had been mustered as lieutenant colonel, on August 12, by Capt. T. E. Lord, mustering officer of the division, to rank from April 3, 1864. That officer, however, refused to muster him upon his commission as colonel on account of the reduced num bers of the Regiment. Col. Pennypacker then forwarded an ap plication, through the department head-quarters, to the Secretary of War, for muster as colonel, which was returned, with an order from the Secretary directing it. lie was duly mustered in that grade, by Capt. Lord, on August 15. After the muster of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, and pending his ap plication to the Secretary of War, Maj. Price applied to Capt. Lord, for muster upon his commission as major, and was then informed that it was a question of muster-out of either Col. Pennypacker or himself, the numbers of the Regiment being reduced below the standard that would entitle it under any construction Capt. Lord could put upon his orders to the muster of more than one field officer. This was accepted by Maj. Price as a barrier to further effort to secure his muster. lie however, continued to perform the duties of major until the expiration of his term of service. Early in August, Gen. Butler had en tered upon the con struction of the noted Dutch Gap Canal, and volunteer details were called for from each regiment. Se veral of the 97th P. V. were of the num ber engaged in that most hazardous ser vice. The work was pushed forward rapidly, protected by a battery on the opposite side of the James, which operated upon the guns of the enemy which commanded the canal. On August 13, an advance having been determined upon to move against Richmond, on the north side of the James River, the 2d and 10th Corps, and the cavalry divisions of Kautz and McM. Gregg, were the designated forces. Gen. Turner, with the 1st brigade of his division, was left in com- BATTERY NEAR DUTCH GAP. 314 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, mand, at Bermuda Hundred. Brig. Gen. William Birney, with his brigade of colored troops, being now assigned to the 10th Corps, the 2d and 3d brigades of Turner s division were temporarily de tached with Gen. Birney s brigade, and his command was now de signated as Birney s provisional division. Maj. Price, having been detailed as field officer of the day for August 13, was engaged upon that duty when the order for a move ment north of the James was received ; he, therefore, remained upon that duty when the Regiment marched with the 10th Corps. Before he could rejoin the Regiment he was taken ill and was, by direction of the division surgeon, placed on board the hospital boat at Jones Landing and conveyed to Fortress Monroe, Va., for treatment. He was there admitted to the Chesapeake Hospital and remained under treatment lor twenty-lour days, his disease being an attack of malarial fever. PONTOON BRIDGE AT JONES 1 LANDING, NEAR DEEP BOTTOM. The 97th P. V. had struck tents at dark, on August 13, and marched from the camp, at Foster s Place, crossed the James River at daylight on the 14th, on a pontoon bridge at Jones Landing, then continued toward Deep Bottom, where the rebel lines were reached. The 97th P. V. was immediately ordered to prepare for a charge upon a force of rebels that was annoying the transports on the river. The enemy retiring, however, the order to charge was countermanded. 1864.] ACTION AT STRAWBERRY PLAINS, VA. 315 Hancock s 2d Corps was pushed out to the right, in order to Hank the enemy s position across Bailey s Creek, while Birney s l()th Corps assaulted the enemy at New Market, capturing their lines of rifle trenches, with six field pieces, four stand of colors and several hundred prisoners. Hancock s advance was not so successful, owing to Barlow s division delivering his assault upon the flank and rear, by a single brigade; and the extreme heat had so prostrated his men as to diminish their usual dash and success. Many were prostrated by sunstroke, nearly two hundred being carried to the rear from ex haustion, the casualties of the day being about one thousand. About 11 P. M., Col. Pennypacker, commanding the centre of the brigade, the 76th and 97th P. V., was ordered to move forward his force to gain a position near the rebel lines, sheltered from their fire by the crest of a hill. The movement was made on the double quick, reaching cover, just outside the enemy s trenches, without drawing their fire. This advance was intended to secure a support fora movement to be made early the next morning, the 15th, by the *2d Corps, which was successfully accomplished, capturing a battery of six mortars and three guns. After the assault by the 2d Corps, the 10th Corps occupied Gen. Hancock s former position, in a copse of pine. During the night, the enemy threw shot and shell without intermission. Gregg s Cavalry extended the right to the Charles City Road. A brigade of the 2d Corps connected the cavalry with Gen. W. Birney s provisional division. Terry s division was on the left and Barlow s on the refused flank. BATTLE FIELD OF MALVERN HILL, VA. At daylight on August 16, the 2d and 10th Corps advanced on the enemy s works, at Strawberry Plains, called by some Fussell s Mill, near Malvcrn Hill Road, and in view of the battle field 316 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, of Malvcrn Hill. After a determined resistance, the rebels were driven from their position about 9 A. M. The main force followed the enemy, leaving Birney s provisional division to hold the works Gen. Terry s division had captured, with over two hundred prisoners, early in the action. Meanwhile, Gregg s Cavalry, supported by Miles brigade (in fantry) of the 2d Corps, advanced on the Charles City Road, driving the enemy before him with considerable loss on their part, Gen. Chambliss being among the killed. Toward noon, the enemy, largely reinforced, advanced on the right and left, flanking our forces, compelling a return to the strongly intrenched lines with severe loss. To avoid being cut off and cap tured, by flanking forces of the enemy, required the wary corps and division commanders to be active and alert with prompt vigilance. The position of the 97th P. V., with Birney s provisional division, was one of critical peril. The first intimation received of the re tiring of the main force was the sudden appearance of a large body of the enemy in front of their line of works, extending far beyond each flank, and advancing rapidly upon them. The division opened a rapid and galling fire, and bravely maintained its position until the enemy, in overwhelming numbers, had advanced to the trenches and planted their flags beside our own upon the line of works; then as their flanks began to sweep around to envelope the position, cap ture or retreat became inevitable. Slowly and stubbornly the men retired, fighting from tree to tree, keeping at bay their pursuers. Many were captured, some killed, and many wounded. Among those who fell was the brave and steadfast soldier, Capt. Henry W. Carruthers, Company C, late adjutant of the Regiment, who was mortally wounded, about 1 P. M., by a Minie ball through the spinal column, paralyzing his lower limbs. He was borne off the field by his sorrowing com rades, subsequently conveyed to the hospital boat on the James CHESAPEAKE HOSPITAL. ^iver, and sent to the Chesapeake Hospital at Fortress Monroe, Va., where he received every attention which surgical skill could devise, but without avail; after suffering 1804.] ACTION AT STRAWBERRY PLAINS, VA. 317 painfully and patiently several days, entirely sensible and resigned to his fate, he died on August 22. A braver or more faithful sol dier never served his country. Young, gifted and accomplished, he was beloved and lamented as a brother, companion and friend. His remains were sent to West Chester and buried, on August 27, in the Oakland Cemetery, with due military honors and a large at tendance of citizens and friends. The loss to the entire force during the movement was about five thousand. The loss in the Regiment, in addition to Adjt. Carruthers, was nine killed, twelve wounded and eighteen captured, as follows: field and staff, one killed; Company A, two killed, one wounded, one captured; Company B, one killed, two wounded, five captured; Company C, two wounded; Company D, one killed, three wounded, one captured; Company E, two captured; Company F, four killed, four captured; Company G, one killed, one captured; Company H, one wounded, one captured; Company I, two wounded; Company K, one wounded, three captured. Many of those captured were also wounded. Nine of the eighteen died, either in rebel prisons or soon after their return home. Company B, commanded by 1st Lieut. James T. Skiles, lost eight men of twenty-two engaged in the action, Lieut. Skiles being the J last man to get back to the lines. Capt. Samuel V. Black, Com pany K, was among the captured, and was held a prisoner about eight months. Upon being released, in April, 1865, he rejoined the Regiment at Raleigh, X. C., resigned and was honorably discharged, May 4, 1865. 1st Lieut. Henry Odiorne, Company D, on duty upon the staff of Brig. Gen. Robert S. Foster (commanding 2d brigade, 1st divi sion), while taking an order to Col. Frank Osborne, 24th Mass, (commanding one of the brigades), had his horse shot from under him during the action. Col. Pennypacker, in a letter to Col. H. R. Guss, dated Deep Bottom, Va., August 18, 1864, says of the Regiment in this action: "* * * We moved in about an hour after I went on dutv (upon re suming command of the Regiment, August 13), and have been marching, skir mishing and fighting ever since. We went into the fight, near Malvern Hill, on the 16th, with one hundred and twenty men and came out with eighty-one, losing several prisoners. A small regiment, isn t it ? I hnve seldom been so close to the enemy before. Our corps was flanked on the left completely, and driven back. Union and rebel colors waved from the same parapet. The flag of a Virginia regiment and the flag tattered and torn of the 97th P. V. were 318 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, planted not six feet apart. That was hot work, but we brought the flag off in safety. It shall appear at the Green Tree and be placed in your hands, when Company C goes home, with God helping us to defend it. * * * " A West Chester paper, referring evidently to this action, is thus quoted : THE NINETY-SEVENTH. A correspondent of the Evangelist relates the fol lowing as having occurred in the gallant Ninety-Seventh Regiment. These are the men whom some of our citizens would deprive of the elective franchise : "I will give you one incident illustrating the quality of our soldiers. I was at the quarters of the Ninety-Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment after one of the recent battles. I noticed a group of soldiers standing around a tattered and torn battle flag, eyeing it with a peculiar affection. I said to them: " Boys, your flag looks as if it had seen service. "One of them proudly replied: " Sir, five standard bearers were shot down around it, yesterday, but they did not get it at last. " And so you ll keep your flag, will you ? " We ll hold on to the staff though the tempest tears the flag from it. " With such brave defenders, the flag of Liberty will never be dishonored. The tempest may, indeed, tear it in pieces and offer its shreds to the God of the storm, but it will never trail in the dust of disgrace. That God will restore it to its noble defenders with its stars shining more brightly after the tempest sub sides, and it shall float more proudly and gloriously than ever "O er the land of the free and the home of the brave. " After the engagements at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains, August 15 and 16, the two brigades of the 2d division, 10th Corps, still with Birney s provisional division, were found to be badly cut up and worn out, having had but little rest, from the urgency of the service; with but little to eat and without opportunity to receive regular rations. The division was ordered to the rear, and en camped at the position previously occupied by Gen. Foster s division of the 10th Corps, in the valley of Deep llun, near Jones Landing. The condition of the men was that of almost utter exhaustion. The frequent change of position and the rapid flank movements, re quired of them during this arduous period of service, together with the intense heat, had greatly overtaxed the powers of .endurance of the best troops in the field. The division had hardly arrived at camp when a brigade was detailed for picket. It was beyond the nature of men to justify this record in saying the order was cheer- fully obeyed; but it was obeyed with less of complaint than could have been expected of men who had, with unflagging persistence and bravery, assaulted the enemy in their strongest lines, and pressed 1864.] CONGRATULATORY ORDER BY MAJ. GEN. D. B. BIRNEY. 319 upon their front with ceaseless vigilance, by night and by day, for three days, without rest and with only such food as was carried in their haversacks. The brigade was relieved, after twenty-four hours, by other brigades of the division. Following the action, at Strawberry Plains, Gen. D. B. Birney, commanding the 10th Corps, issued the following complimentary order to his command: HEAD-QUARTERS lOni ARMY CORPS, FUSSELL S MILLS, \ A., August 19, 1804. General Orders. The major general commanding: congratulates the 10th Corps upon its success. It ha.s on each occasion, when ordered, broken the enemy s strong linns. It has captured, during this short campaign, four siege guns, protected by the most formidable works, six colors and many prisoners. It has proved itself worthy of its old Wagner and Sumter renown. Much fatigue, patience and heroism may yet be demanded of it; but the major general commanding is confident of the response. To the colored troops recently added to us, and fighting with us, the major general commanding tenders his thanks for their uniform good conduct and soldierly bearing. They have set a good example to our veterans by the entire absence of straggling from their ranks on the march. By order of MAJ. GEN D. B. BIRNEY. [Signed] EDWARD W. SMITH, Lieut. Col. and A. A. G. On August 20, the 10th Corps returned to Bermuda Hundred and occupied their old quarters. The duty consisted principally of picket and fatigue. On August 22, about thirty men of Company A, whose term of service expired on that date, were mustered out of service, by Capt. T. Ellery Lord, 3d N. Y. Art y, mustering officer of the division. Before starting home, they were addressed by Col. Pennypacker. their original company commander, in a few parting words; also by Chaplain Moore. Upon their arrival at West Chester, on the even ing of the 27th, in accordance with previous invitation from Col. H. 11. Guss, they proceeded to his hotel, received a hearty wel come and partook of an excellent repast, as did also those of other companies subsequently as they returned home. On the morning of August 25, while the 10th Corps was being relieved from picket by the 18th, the rebels captured a portion of the picket line, near Wier Bottom Church, the suddenness and force of the attack proving too great for the stubborn and determined re sistance with which it was met; the loss on both sides was severe. 320 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [August, In the evening, the 2d division of the 10th Corps recaptured the line; the 97th P. V. being the first to charge and occupy the part of the line in its front. " The action was short, sharp and decisive" The loss in the 97th P. V. was two killed and three wounded, one of each of the following companies : A, D, E, I and K. On August 26, the 10th Corps moved to the Petersburg front and occupied the trenches on the right, from the Appomattox to a point near Cemetery Hill, the 9th Corps adjoining on the left. The 97th P. V. was then detailed for duty in the front line, every alternate twenty-four hours, returning in the interval to camp, near Friend s house. Details for intrenchment work were also made. On the 29th, a mortar shell fell in the trenches, severely wound ing Privates William Agg and Henry H. Stiteler, Company C, one of Company G, and several others slightly. William H. Kelly, Company D, was mortally wounded while on picket from concussion of a shell; he died the following night in the field hospital. Within a few days after returning to that position, the brigade commander, Col. W. B. Barton, 48th N. Y., was mustered out of service upon the expiration of his term. The command of the 2d brigade, 2d division, 10th Corps, now devolved upon Col. G. Penny- packer, of the 97th P. V., as the ranking officer. Such, however, was the confidence in his ability and qualification for this command, that he was, on October 15 following, by order of Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, commanding the Army of the James, regularly assigned to the permanent command of the brigade. Subsequently, Col. John W. Moore s 203d P. V., a newly-organized regiment, was added to his command, making it the largest brigade in the 10th Corps and one of the most efficient in the service. The command of the 97th P. V. at that time, in the absence of Maj. Price, on account of illness, since August 15, devolved at in tervals upon Capt. Lewis, Company F, Capt. Hawkins, Company I, and 1st Lieut. John Wainwright, Company F, the senior 1st lieutenant of the Regiment. From August 30, 1864, to September 14, those men of Company B present with the Regiment, whose terms of service had expired, were mustered out by Capt. Lord: Qr. Mr. Sergt. George L. Taggert and Com. Sergt. Thomas McKay, being also mustered out. Corp. Leonard Thomas, Company C, was appointed quarter-master sergeant, and Sergt. Dallas Crow, Company B, commissary sergeant of the Regiment. 1st Lieut. Henry Odiorne was now relieved from COLONEL PENNYPACKER COMMANDING BRIGADE. 321 duty upon Gen. Foster s staff, 1st division, and was detailed, by Gen. Birney, commissary of subsistence at the 10th Corps Hospital. 1st Lieut. John McGrath was also transferred from duty in post quarter master s department, at Bermuda Hundred, to act as brigade quarter master, 2d brigade, 2d division, 10th Corps. 2d Lieut. AVilliam H. Eves was assigned temporarily to the command of Company E. On September 1, the second flag of the Regiment was received. It was placed by Col. Pennyparker in the hands of Color Bearer Thomas Forsythe, Company E. At this time, Gen. J. W. Turner was prostrated by illness and was relieved in command of the division by Brig. Gen. Robert S. Foster. The Regiment was paid about the beginning of the month, by Maj. O. M. Dorman, for four months, from March 1 to June 30. Ass t Surgeon William C. Morrison was at this time temporarily assigned to the 4th X. H. as medical officer, and, upon being re lieved, in October, was for a short time detached upon the same duty with the 9th Maine. On September 11, Maj. Price, having nearly recovered from his severe illness, returned from Chesapeake Hospital to the Regiment. He did not resume active command, but remained in charge of the camp and head-quarters of the Regiment and attended to the pre paration of the muster-out rolls for his late company. One man of Company C was wounded on the 5th and one of Company B on the llth. The enemy persisted in firing on the pickets at all hours, until Gen. Birney determined to give them more serious employment. Accordingly, at 10 A. M., on September 14, his batteries opened on their works along the entire front and upon the city of Petersburg, literally raining shot and shell upon the enemy for over two hours. The firing, so rapid and incessant, indicated a general engagement, causing commotion. The roads and rear lines were thronged with men hurrying to ascertain the cause of such terrific cannonading. About noon the fire slackened; by 4 P. M. it had ceased. On same day, 1st Lieut. J. T. Skilcs, Company B, acting adjutant, received a leave of absence, on account of the illness of his father. He did not return to the Regiment, having received an honorable discharge, on November 5, on account of expiration of term. 2d Lieut. W. H. H. Gibson, Company I, was detailed acting adjutant and continued to fulfil that duty about a month, when he was de- 21 322 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, tailed as acting regimental quarter-master, in which capacity he served until the end of the war. On September 17, twenty-eight men of Company C, whose term of service had expired, were mustered out of service, at Friend s house, by Capt. T. E. Lord, division mustering officer. Hosp. Steward John Y. McCarter, Sergt. Maj. Samuel W. Hawley and Fife Maj. James J. Wilson, all originally members of Company C, were mustered out upon the expiration of their term with the men of that company. Corp. Madison Lovett, Company A, was promoted to hospital steward; Corp. Cheyney T. Haines, Company G, to ser geant major, and Musician Milton S. Taylor, Company H, to fife major. Maj. Price, having been detailed, in Special Order No. 254, by Maj. Gen. Butler, to proceed to Pennsylvania to secure the re quired number of men to fill the Regiment, accompanied the men of his old company on their return. They started for Fortress Monroe, Va., on the 18th, taking with them the tattered remnant of the old flag, so long and so faithfully borne by the Regiment through the storm and peril of many severe contests. They were delayed several days at Fortress Monroe, awaiting transportation. Upon their arrival at West Chester, the flag was placed in charge of Col. H. R. Guss, to be returned to the Governor of Pennsylvania. In his absence from home, the detachment was entertained at his house by his son, Capt. George W. Guss, several citizens being in vited to aid in giving welcome to the veterans. The men of Company D, whose terms expired, were mustered out, on the 19th, and reached home soon after those of Company C. The officers and men of the remaining companies of the Regi ment, as their terms expired, were mustered out and returned home. All were received by Col. Guss and made welcome at his home. Henry Kauffman, Jr., 2d lieutenant Company C, acting regi mental quarter-master, was mustered out on September 22. The 10th Corps remained in the trenches, in front of Petersburg, during the month of September, performing both picket and fatigue duty, exposed to the fire of the enemy continually, the service being exceedingly arduous, critical and wearing to the men. On the evening of September 28, the 10th and 18th Corps left the Petersburg front, crossed the Appomattox and through Bermuda Hundred, crossed the James River, by pontoon bridge, to Deep Bottom; having moved with great celerity and secrecy, came upon 1804.] FORT HARRISON. NEW MARKET HEIGHTS. FOKT G1LMER. CHAI IN ;T DAUMNO the enemy s long line of intrenchmente, just below Chapin s Bluff, at daylight on the 29th. The 18th Corps, com- nianded by Maj. Gen. E. O. C/Ord, being on the left, the l()th Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney, in the centre, while the cavalry of Kautz extended to the right, Gen. Ord, with the 1st and 3d divisions of his corps, was directed, by Gen. Butler, to as sault the enemy s outpost below the bluff, known as Fort Harrison. This he did with great gallantry, capturing fifteen guns, about one hundred and fifty prisoners and a considerable portion of the enemy s intrenchments. These very formidable works, fully equal to any around Richmond, were carried at the point of the bayonet. Gen. Ord was among the wounded. Brig. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel succeeded to the command. Brig. Gen. Hiram Burnham was killed. Fort Harrison, where he fell, was afterward officially designated, by Gen. Butler, as Fort Burnham. Simultaneously with this movement, the l()th Corps moved toward Spring Hill, near New Market, assailed and carried the strong earthworks, with double line of abattis, at Xew Market Heights, the enemy losing about five hundred in killed, wounded and prisoners. Birney then advanced upon their more; strongly fortified works on Laurel Hill, at the junction of the Variana and New Market Roads, six miles from Richmond. This position, called, by the enemy, Fort Gilmer, was promptly assaulted but proved too power ful to be carried by Birney s limited force, although a portion of his troops reached the ditch. At night he withdrew, having suffered a loss of about three hundred and fifty men. During this action, the 2d division of the 10th Corps made a terrific charge on one of the main lines of the enemy, nearer the city, but the obstructions were so great as to prevent an entrance into the main works. The loss was quite heavy. Col. Penny- packer led his brigade, on the right of the assaulting column, in the charge. The 97th P. V., on the right of his brigade, Lieut. 324 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, Wainwright in command, forced their way through a mile of slash ing and over a small stream; the ground being also very irregular. It was a most remarkable assault. The men were unable to double quick, owing to the great number of obstructions. Two divisions of the 10th Corps were engaged. The attack was unsuccessful, owing to the superior force and vastly superior position of the enemy. The loss in the 97th P. V. was one killed, ten wounded and two missing. One of the captured died while a prisoner; the other never rejoined the Regiment. Four of the wounded were officers, among whom was Col. Pennypacker, who, while deploying his brigade previous to the charge, received a slight but very painful wound in the right ancle by a piece of shell. His spur was knocked off and his horse shot under him. He, however, remained upon the field and led his brigade throughout the action. Lieut. Cosgriff, Company F, and Lieut. Duffee, Company I, were also severely wounded in the charge. The latter was absent in hospital for nearly two months. Several officers and men of the Regiment were complimented, by name, in general orders, by Maj. Gen. Butler, for good conduct on this occasion and were recommended for promotion. After falling back a short distance, the 10th Corps occupied the intrenchments, south of Fort Gilmer, from which they had previously advanced, where it was soon afterward joined by the 18th Corps. Kautz s Cavalry also encamped with this force, which then engaged in strengthening their position. These works, Fort Harrison and New Market Heights, being considered, by Gen. Grant, of great im portance toward jeopardizing the defences of Richmond, it was determined to hold them. This was faithfully done by the tried veterans of the 10th and 18th Corps, although the rebels made several desperate attempts to dislodge them. On October 1, Gens. Terry and Kautz made a reconnoissance toward Richmond, with a well-selected force of cavalry, artillery and infantry, including the 97th P. V. This force penetrated to within two miles of the city, meeting with but slight resistance, being the nearest approach made to Richmond until its occupancy by the Union forces, under Gen. Weitzel, the ensuing spring. Finding their Capital thus menaced, the enemy determined upon a vigorous effort to drive our forces from their position north of the James. The 18th Corps, it will be remembered, occupied the left, intrenched at Fort Harrison and extending thence to the river, ten REPULSE OF THE ENEMY AT CHARLES CITY ROAD. 325 miles from Richmond; the l()th Corps holding the centre and right, extending the line to the Charles City Road, at a point five miles from the rebel capital; Kautz s Cavalry was stationed on the ex treme right, on the Darby Town Road. The rebels began their advance at dusk, on the evening of Oc tober G, in two columns. Field s division, consisting of four bri gades of infantry with Geary s Cavalry Brigade, moved out of Rich mond, on the York River Turnpike; marched all night, by a cir cuitous route, and fell upon Kautz s Cavalry at daylight on the 7th. Hoke s division, of equal strength with Field s, also moved out from the line of works beyond the right of our infantry, and ad vanced on the Central Road. From prisoners taken, it was ascer tained that the two commands were to meet behind Kautz s picket line and cut them off; fortunately, Hoke was two hours behind time. Kautz, discovering only the movements of Field s column, pitched into it. He had with him two batteries of artillery B, of the 1st U. S. and the 5th Wis. Battery. For nearly two hours, Field s column was held in check, during which time the cavalry made some spirited charges. Finally, Field massed his infantry for a charge. Kautz dismounted a portion of his men to meet it; but, being greatly outnumbered, it was impossible to withstand the impetuous force hurled against them. Hoke s advance was then perceived, which caused a complete rout of the cavalry. The artillery maintained its position until the rebels were within forty feet, fighting against the fearful odds, until their ammunition was exhausted ; then, spiking their guns, escaped with their horses. A single regiment of mounted men, Col. Sum- ner s N. Y. Mounted Rifles, remained upon the field long enough to enable Gen. Birney to complete his preparations to meet the enemy. During the early morning, that officer, although seriously ill, was busily engaged forming his troops to receive the onslaught of the enemy. Having left his bed, against the remonstrance of his medical advisers, when the alarm was sounded for battle, he was in the saddle, personally attending to whatever was necessary for a successful resistance of the storm at hand. After gaining possession of Darby Town Road, the rebels pushed on toward Gen. Birney s position, where his well-trained infantry awaited the advance of their assailants until they came dashing upon the lines, flushed with their success in routing the cavalry. These veterans reserved their fire until the enemy was within short 326 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, range, when, from the entire line, there was poured into their ad vancing ranks a sudden, incessant and destructive fire. The strong skirmish line, armed with Spencer rifles, lay concealed behind a thicket of underbrush until the enemy were close upon them; then, suddenly rising, directed a continuous stream of fire against their lines; having exhausted their ammunition, they gave way to the rear, uncovering the main line of battle. The action now became intensely hot. The air was filled with deadly missiles, the con tinuous roar of musketry and the booming of heavy guns. Four batteries, of six guns each, planted on the left of Gen. A. H. Terry s division of the 10th Corps, and commanded by Lieut. Col. R. 11. Jackson, chief of artillery, did effectual service The men of the well-trained 10th Corps displayed a steadiness and coolness seldom equalled and never surpassed. The rebels were most determined in their efforts, but, finding that they could not break through the lines, finally gave way, retreating in confusion, having lost over one thousand in killed and wounded. Our loss was but little over one hundred in killed, wounded and missing, from Abbott s brigade chiefly. The 97th P. V. had only one wounded, James Hayes, Company E. The rout of the enemy was complete. Their retreat in great con fusion was closely followed, by Gen. Terry s division of the 10th Corps, until they had reached the shelter of their intrenched lines, capturing a considerable number of prisoners. A correspondent of the New York Herald, in giving an account of this action, thus speaks of the 10th Corps: "October 7, 1864. Midnight, before Richmond. It is a source of great satisfaction to me to reflect that my confident assertions of the valor of the l()th Corps, and its ability to repel any flank attack the rebels might attempt, have been brought to a test and fully sustained. * * *" Gen. Birney remained throughout the day with his troops, though during the afternoon he was compelled to exchange the saddle for the more comfortable means of transit in an ambulance. He was soon after obliged to accept a leave of absence and returned to his home in Philadelphia, where he died, on October 18. His remains were consigned, with military honors, to Woodlands Cemetery. Gen. Birney was one of the bravest, most faithful and con scientious officers of the national army, whose qualities and worth will be cherished with tenacious devotion by all whose fortune it 1864 -1 DEATH OF MAJOR GENERAL D. B. BIRNEV. 3 27 was to know him or to serve under his command. Upon receiving notice of his death, Gen. Butler issued the following orders: HEAD-QUARTERS DEPARTMENT VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, ARMY OF THE JAMES, IN THE FIELD, October 21, 1864. General Orders No. 135. SOLDIERS OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES! With deep grief from the heart the sad word must be said Major General David B. Birney is dead. But yesterday he was with us leading you to victory. If the choice of the manner of death bad been his, it would have been to have died on the field of battle as your cheers rang in his ear. But the All-Wise "determineth all things well." General Bircey died at his home, in Philadelphia, on Tuesday last, of disease, contracted on the field in the line of his duty. Surrounded by all that makes life desirable a happy home endeared family relations leaving affluence and ease as a volunteer at the call of his country he came into the service in April, 1861. Almost every battle field whereon the Army of the Potomac has fought has witnessed his valor. Rising rapidly in his profession, no more deserved appointment has been made by the President than General Birney s assignment to the command of the 10th Army Corps. The respect and love of the soldiers of his own corps have been shown by the manner they followed him. The patriot the hero the soldier. By no death has the country sustained a greater loss. Although not bred to arms he has shown every soldierly quality and illustrated that profession of his love and choice. It is not the purpose of this order nor will the woe of the heart of the officer giving it now permit him to write General Birney s eulogy. Yet even amid the din of arras and upon the eve of battle, it is fit that we, his comrades, should pause a moment to draw from the example of his life the lesson it teaches. To him the word duty with all its obligations and incentives was the spur of action. He had no enemies, save the enemies of his country a friend, a brother to us all it remains to us to see to it, by treading the path of duty as he has done that the great object for which he has struggled with us and laid down his life shall not fail and his death be profitless. Soldiers of the 10th Army Corps! Your particular grief at the loss of your brave commander has the sympathy of every soldier in the army. It will be yours to show your respect to his memory, by serving your country in the future as with you Birney has served it in the past. By command of MAJOR GENERAL BUTLER. KD. W. SMITH, Ass t Adjt. Gen. Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry succeeded Gen. Birney in the command of the l()th Corps, which continued to hold the position thus stub- bornly maintained. The 97th P. V. was stationed, during the re mainder of October, near Chapin s Farm. 328 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, On October 8, Dr. J. B. Wood, of Chester County, and Col. Wil liam Cooper Talley, of Delaware County, visited the 97th P. V. on official duty connected with the State and Presidential elections. They had been commissioned by the Governor of Pennsylvania, in accordance with the act of Assembly, to receive the vote of the soldiers from the district. They reported to Col. Pennypacker, whose guests they became, and with whom they remained until after the October election had taken place. Dr. Wood wrote thus to the West Chester Record of their reception and entertainment: "The men received us with great cordiality, and I recognized many fa miliar faces, and was the honored bearer of many dispatches from them to their families. The hospitality of Col. Pennypacker (now acting brigadier general) knew no bounds; we fared sumptuously with him for two days." The State election, on the llth, was very quietly conducted in the camp of the Regiment. The vote polled by the Army of the James was small in consequence of the men not having tax receipts; nor had county tickets been provided a grave omission on the part of the friends of the soldiers at home. The army vote was largely in favor of the Administration, being about six to one. The 97th P. V. polled one hundred and twenty votes, of which eighty-six were cast for the Republican ticket and thirty-four for the Democratic. The commissioners revisited the Regiment, in November, for the purpose of receiving the vote for President. On that occasion, the 97th P. V. polled two hundred and twenty votes, of which one hun dred and eight were for Lincoln and one hundred and twelve for McClellan. Nearly one hundred substitutes and drafted men had been added to the Regiment since the previous election, which caused this disproportion in the vote. The original men of the Regiment voted for Lincoln almost to a man ; drafted men and sub stitutes, being unwilling soldiers, were more favorably disposed toward the Democratic candidate. On October 11, 1864, Gen. Butler issued a congratulatory order to the troops of his command, from which the following extracts are taken : HEAD-QUARTERS DEPARTMENT VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, ARMY OP THE JAMES, BEFORE RICHMOND, October 11, 18G4. Congratulatory Order. SOLDIERS OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES: The time has come when it is due to you that some word should be said of your deeds ! In accordance with the plan committed to you, by the lieutenant general commanding the armies for 1864.] GENERAL BUTLER S CONGRATULATORY ORDER. 329 the first time of the wnr, fully taking advantage of our facilities of steam trans portation you performed a march without parallel in the history of the war. At sunset cf the 4th of May, you were threatening the enemy s capital, from West Point and the White House, within thirty miles of its eastern side. Within twenty-four hours, at sunset, on the 5th of May, by a march of a hun dred and thirty miles, you transported thirty-fire thousand men, their baggage, supplies, horses, wagons and artillery, within fifteen miles of the south side of Richmond, with such celerity and secrecy, that the enemy were wholly unpre pared for your coming, and allowed you, without opposition, to seize the strongest natural position of the continent a victory all the more valuable because blood less. Seizing the enemy s communications, between their capital and the south, you held them until the 26th of May. * * * From the 12th to the Kith of May, you moved on the enemy s works, around Fort Darling, holding him in check while your cavalry cut the Danville Road, cutting his first line of works, repulsing with great slaughter his attack, which was intended for your destruction. Retiring at leisure to your position, you fortified it, repulsing three several attacks of the enemy, until you have made it strong enough to bold itself. Fortifying Powhatan, Wilson s Wharf, Fort Poca- hontas, you secured your communications and have practically moved Fortress Monroe, as a base, within fifteen miles of the rebel capital, there to remain until that travels. Re-embarking, after you had secured your position, with nearly your whole effective strength, under Maj. Gen. William F. Smith, you again ap peared at White House, forty-eight hours after you received the order to march, participating at the memorable battle of Cold Harbor, with the Army of the Potomac, where the number and character of your gallant dead, attest your bravery and courage. Again returning in advance of that army, on the 15th of June, under Gen. William F. Smith, the 18th Corps (to which the 2d division of the 10th Corps was attached), captured the right of the line of defences around Petersburg, and nine pieces of artillery, which lines you have since held for three months. On June 10, a portion of the 10th Corps, under Brig. Gen. Alfred H. Terry, again threw itself upon the enemy s communications between Richmond and Petersburg, and destroyed miles of the road, holding the point for several days. The 10th Corps, on August 14, passing the James at Deep Bottom, under Maj. Gen. David B. Birney, by a series of brilliant charges, carried the enemy s works near Xew Market, and, two days later, another line of works at Fussell s Mills (Strawberry Plains), defended by the best troops of Lee s army, bringing back four guns and three battle flags as trophies of their valor. Again crossing the James, on September 29, with the 10th and 18th Corps, with Celerity, precision, secrecy and promptness of movement seldom equalled, with both corps in perfect co-operation, you assailed and carried, at the same moment, with the 10th Corps and the 3d division of the 18th, under Gen. Birney, the enemy s strong works, with double lines of abattis, at Spring Hill and Xew Market, while the remaining division of the 18th Corps, under Maj. Gen. E. O. C. Ord, carried by assault, Battery Harrison, capturing twenty-five pieces of heavy ordnance, the strongest of the enemy s works around Richmond. The army thus possessed itself of the outer line of the enemy s works, and advanced to the very gates of Richmond. 330 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, So vital was your success at Battery Hamilton that, on October 1, under the eye of Gen. Lee himself massing his best troops, the enemy made most deter mined assaults upon your lines to retake it, and were driven back with loss of seven battle flags and almost the annihilation of Clingman s brigade. After weeks of preparation, massing all his veteran troops on your right flank, on the Tth of October, the enemy drove in our cavalry with the loss of some pieces of horse artillery; but, meeting the steady troops of the ICth Corps, were repulsed with slaughter, losing three commanders of brigades, killed and wounded, and many field and line officers and men, killed, wounded and prisoners. Such is the glorious record of the Army of the James! Never beaten in battle never repulsed in assault by a larger portion of its forces than a brigade. * * * In the present movement, where all have deserved so well, it is almost invidious to use names ; yet, justice requires especially gallant acts to be noticed. * * The commanding general is quite conscious that in his endeavor to put on record the gallant deeds of the officers and soldiers of the Army of the James, he has, almost of necessity, because of imperfection of reports, omitted many deserving of mention; yet, as these gallant men will, on other occasions, equally distinguish themselves, they can then take their due place in their country s history. * * * Tenth Corps, Second Division, Second Brigade. Col. G. Pennypacker, 97th P. V, commanding 2d brigade, 2d division, 10th Corps, for his zealous and un tiring efforts to make his brigade efficient, and for the manner in which he led it in action, is commended by his corps commander and recommended to the President for promotion by brevet. 1st Lieut. John Wainwright, commanding 97th P. V., has honorable mention for the gallant manner in which he conducted the Regiment during the engage ment, October 7. 2d Lieut, William H. Eves, Company G, 97th P. V., behaved with especial gallantry in both assaults, and is recommended for promotion to his Excellency the Governor of Pennsylvania. Sergt. William H. Martin, Company A, 97th P. V., commanded his company in both assaults, and led his men with bravery and admirable order in the assault of September 29, for which he has most honorable mention and is recommended to his Excellency the Governor of Pennsylvania for promotion to 1st lieutenant. Corp. David S. Harry, Company B, 97th P. V., is mentioned for special gallantry in both assaults, on the 29th of September. He is appointed 2d lieute nant U. S. Colored Troops. Private William McCarty, Company D, 97th P. V., is honorably mentioned for special gallantry, bearing his colors in advance of his regiment, in the absence of the color sergeant, is also recommended to the Secretary of War for a medal. * * * By command of MAJOR GENERAL BUTLER. [Signed] ED. W. SMITH, A. A. G. At daybreak, on October 27, Gen. Butler again advanced against the defences of Richmond. The 10th Corps moved from its position 1864 -J ACTION AT DARBY TOWN, VA. 331 at Chapin s Farm and, taking the Darby Town Road, extended their lines across in the direction of Charles City Road. On reaching the small village of Darby Town, four and a half miles from Richmond, a skirmish line was thrown forward and a sharp encounter with the enemy took place. The skirmishers easily pushed the rebels back, but at length came upon their earthworks and were suddenly cheeked by a galling fire. After a little delay, at mid-day, all preparations having been made, an advance along the whole line was ordered. The men dashed upon the foe, driving them inside their intrenchments, from which, how ever, they continued to keep up a brisk fire. The troops, with great determination, gained and held a position well up to the enemy s lines and maintained a persistent fire upon their works until nightfall. Meanwhile, the 18th Corps, operating on the left of the l()th, suffered heavily, principally by capture, losing a large portion of the two advance brigades, the rebels having laid a trap into which they were drawn. After this disaster, the entire movement being only a feint to attract the enemy s attention while the Army of the Potomac was fighting at Hatcher s Run, the 10th Corps was ordered to retire out of reach of the enemy s guns under cover of the night. The 97th P. V. was commanded by Capt. George W. Hawkins, Company I During the engagement, it was temporarily detached and sent to support the 1st brigade, commanded by Col. N. M. Curtis, 14 % 2d X. Y. The Regiment distinguished itself anew in a brilliant charge upon a salient of the enemy s works, in order to straighten the line and make complete connection between the 2d and 3d divisions. The attack was successful. An officer who wit nessed the charge, said to Col. Pennypacker: "That s the d st regiment of yours to fight I ever saw. It seems to think of nothing else." He was informed that this was the result of its early train ing. The Regiment lost two killed, nine wounded and one taken pri soner. Capt. Hawkins was severely wounded in the left leg. He was carried to the field hospital, where, early on the following morning, the injured limb was amputated. He, however, died soon after from prostration. After much difficulty, Lieut. Jones, quarter master 97th P. V., succeeded in forwarding his remains to his father, in Upper Darby, Del. Co. He was buried in Mount Moriah Ceme tery. His term of service expired and he was to have been 332 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [October, mustered out on the day he fell. A commission, as lieutenant colonel, was issued by Gov. Curtin and forwarded to his family on the day after the information of his death reached Harrisburg. Lieut. Thomas CosgrifF, Company F, was also wounded while in command of his company. He was sent to the U. S. Hospital, at Fortress Monroe, from which he was discharged, November 19, his term of service having expired. After Capt. Hawkins fell, the command of the Regiment again devolved upon Lieut. Wainwright, Company F. Being at the time detached from his brigade, he received no notice to retire with the other troops, and was left upon the field, with the Regiment, during the night, unsupported and exposed to capture. It, however, re mained in its position until morning, when notice was sent to inform Lieut. Wainwright that the corps had returned to its former posi tion, at Chapin s Farm, on the evening of the 29th, where the 97th P. V. then joined it and reoccupied its former camp. The third anniversary of the organization had now arrived. The changes that occurred during the year are here noted: seven hun dred and six officers and men stood upon the roster to be ac counted for on October 29, 1863; since that time one officer and eighteen recruits had joined, and two hundred and eighty-eight sub stitutes were assigned to the Regiment, making a total of one thou sand and thirteen, including the re-enlisted veterans; during the year, two field officers resigned and one staff officer was discharged to accept promotion in another regiment; three staff officers were discharged by reason of expiration of term of service; two others were killed or died of wounds; three company officers resigned; six others were discharged on expiration of term of service; six for wounds or other disability; four were killed or died of wounds, making a total loss of twenty-seven officers; one man was dis charged to accept promotion; one discharged by order of the War Department; twenty-six discharged on surgeon s certificate, many of them for wounds while absent in hospitals; two hundred and forty-one men were mustered out of service on account of expiration of term ; one hundred and seven men were killed or died of wounds ; thirty-four died of disease, mostly absent in hospitals, several in rebel prisons; three were transferred to the U. S. Signal Corps; four wounded men were transferred to the 16th Veteran Reserve Corps, one of whom received promotion; nine substitutes (formerly of the rebe army) were transferred to the Department of the Northwest 1864 -1 DISCHARGE AND MUSTER-OUT OF OFFICERS AND MEN. 333 for frontier service; seven volunteers and seventy substitutes de serted; four were recaptured, three of whom were executed for de sertion; total loss in Regiment during the third year, five hundred and thirty, leaving a total of four hundred and eighty-three officers and men remaining in the Regiment. From May to November, 18G4, the loss had been one hundred and thirteen killed or died of wounds; three hundred and thirteen wounded and thirty-nine captured, an aggregate of four hundred and sixty-five, being a daily average loss of three men. The following officers were discharged during the month for wounds: Capt. Francis M. Guss and 2d Lieut. Isaac J. Burton, Com- pany A, on the 3d; Capt, William S. Mendenhall, Company I), on the 4th; all at Annapolis, Md. Capt. Jonas M. C. Savage, Com pany B, on the 22d, at Washington, U. C. The following were mustered out during the month, at Chapin s Farm, Va., on account of expiration of term: Capt. D. W. C. Lewis, Company F, on the 3d; 1st Lieut. Gasway O. Yarnall, on the 14th; Capt. Caleb Hoopes, on the 17th; 2d Lieut. William II. Eves, on the 22d; all of Company G; Regimental Qr. Mr. David Jones, on the 31st. Capt. Lewis subsequently received brevet promotion, by the War Department, as major and lieutenant colonel, for faithful services. Qr. Mr. Jones also received brevet promotion, from the Governor of Pennsylvania, as captain and major. Several other officers, whose term of service had previously ex pired, were mustered out at Chapin s Farm, in November. James Me Williams, 2d lieutenant Company E, on the 3d, and 1st Lieut. John McGrath, same company (acting commissary of sub sistence, 2d brigade), on the 10th; Surgeon J. R. Everhart, chief medical officer of 2d brigade, on the 12th. He was subsequently brevetted, by Gov. Curtin, as lieutenant colonel, in recognition of his faithful services. The original officers of the Regiment had now all been discharged or mustered out of service excepting Col. Pennypacker. Of the original men, only the re-enlisted veterans remained. About one hundred and fifty men, recruits and conscripts, were received in No vember, at Chapin s Farm. They were mostly for one year s service, forwarded from Philadelphia, from all parts of the State. They were a much better class of men than the substitutes of 1863. Henry Odiorne, 1st lieutenant Company D, acting commissary of 334 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, subsistence, at the corps hospital, returned to the Regiment for duty, at his own request, on the 15th. John Wainwright, 1st lieutenant Company F, now the senior officer of the Regiment, had been in command as ranking officer for several weeks. He had also assumed the company responsibility of five companies which had been left without a commissioned officer. It had been his desire to be mustered out of service at the expira tion of his term, but he was induced to continue in command until an accession to the number of the Regiment should entitle it to the muster of an additional field officer. A commission as captain, to date from November 1, was received, but he declined to be mustered in that grade. Subsequent occurrences, in connection with the bril liant movements in which the Regiment participated, determined him to accept the promotion that then presented. Most of the companies were, at this time, commanded by 1st sergeants. Commissions for the following worthy non-commissioned officers were received in November, viz.: 1st Sergt. William H. Martin, Company A, as 2d lieutenant: Qr. Mr. Sergt. Leonard R. Thomas, Company C, as 2d lieutenant, and 1st Sergt. Theodore M. Smedley, Company H, as 1st lieutenant. The latter, detailed as acting regimental adjutant, No vember 6, remained upon that duty until wounded, two months later. The Regiment remained at Cha- pin s Farm, during November and part of December, performing in- trenchment and picket duty, with out material incident to note. The position held was a very strong one. The camp of the Regiment was finely situated near the right of the OFFICERS 1 QUARTERS, CHAPIN S FARM. . . line occupied by the division. Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, accompanied by Brig. Gens. Montgomery C. Meigs, chief quarter-master; Amos B. Eaton, chief commissary, and Joseph K. Barnes, surgeon general, visited the armies operating against Richmond and Petersburg, about this time, to inspect the condition of the troops, in order to provide whatever should be needed. Orders were now received for the troops to prepare winter quarters. To a body of raw recruits, the order, without a supply of material, would seem vague and irre- 1864.] PREPARATION OF WINTER QUARTERS. levant, in an enemy s country destitute of the ordinary supplies, but to the veterans the order implied business, material or no ma terial. A correspondent, after alluding to the dilemma of the >v- cruit, thus describes the veteran s efforts: "* * Not so the veteran. If he be camped in the pine forest, give him an old axe, a bootleg, a mud-puddle, a board or two and a handful of nails, and he builds him a house a house, too, comfortable and commodious, and not wanting in architectural beauty. First, he fells his trees, then cuts and notches his logs, and lays them together to the required height. His roof he puts on, giving it a great slope and thatching it with the green of the pine tops. He has been careful to leave window spaces, and tacking pieces of shelter tents over these, he has provided light, but keeps out the nipping air of winter. Then, with his board, he makes his door, and the bootleg supplying the hinges, it soon swings in its place. Then he fills the spaces between the logs with soft earth from his mud-puddle and his house is done except the chimney. The forest and the mud-puddle soon provide that, for his chimney is nothing but a pile of sticks plentifully plastered within and without with mud. Then, with his old axe, he manufactures, out of pine logs, a full assortment of furniture bed steads, chairs, table, wardrobe and generally adds a mantel. Lastly, with a bright fire upon bis hearth, he is prepared to laugh at winter and to welcome his friends. * * * " The pine woods around Chapin s Farm were soon leveled for miles neat and com fortable quarters were constructed as above described. Many of them had brick fire places, the bricks being obtained from houses that in army parlance "went up," passed out of existence in a day, to furnish material for chimneys and doors for the winter quarters of the Army of the James. These snug log huts gave each regiment the appearance of a little village, neatly laid out in streets. On November 22, Chaplain David "W. Moore, having tendered his resignation on account of failing health from exposure, which being accepted by Gen. Butler, he then prepared to return to his home at Centreville, Delaware. When about to leave the Regiment, he ad dressed the following words of farewell : AHMY HUTS AT CHAPIN S FARM. 336 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [November, HEAD-QUARTERS 97TH P. V., CHAPIN S FARM, YA., November 22, 1864. OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE 97TH P. Y. We are about to bid you farewell, after having been associated with you during a memorable period of your history, viz.: that of infliction of heavy casualties; we have seen your noble ranks broken by that stern destroyer, Death! but while we have seen the flower of the 97th P. Y. cut down, by the cruel bands of war, we have beheld the sun of glory to arise and shine upon the heads of those who have survived the terrible conflict and upon the graves of your comrades. The dead upon the bloody battle fields of Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor, Peters burg, Deep Bottom and Chapin s Bluff attest the bravery and glory of the historic 97th P. Y. The sun of honor has risen over you, as a regiment, never to set until time shall be no longer. And, while painful emotions arise in our hearts, as we recall the names of the honored dead, yet theirs are "sweet memories indeed," for we delight to dwell upon their heroism as soldiers of their country, and we need no appliance of marble or epitaph to preserve the record of their heroic character, for such is engraved upon our hearts never to be effaced or forgotten. In b dding you farewell, feelings of sadness mingle with those of joy; strong attachments have already sprung up, the severing of which ties now gives pain. The very circumstances under which our friendship has been formed those of war which renders a separation liable at any moment, knits more strongly the cords of attachment. Besides, we are loath to leave a faithful band of men, in whom we feel such a deep interest and who have treated us with such kindness and respect, exposed to the further ravages of war. And we can but regret that our labors have not been more efficient in doing good as an army chaplain. But it is pleasant to recall to mind your deeds of noble daring, of which we have been an eye witness; and the lives and characters of the officers and men of the 97th P. Y. It is a pleasure to know that you, as a regiment, have won unfading laurels and that renown is yours. Then it gives us pleasure to remember how you have received us as a minister of Christ; we have had the most hearty co operation on the part of the officers of the 97th P. Y. in the performance of our duties as chaplain. The attention you have given to our feeble instructions from the word of God has been always good and reflects great credit upon you as soldiers. Then, nothing unpleasant has been permitted to mar our happiness, interrupt our peaceful associations or to destroy our usefulness among you. And we derive pome pleasure from the sense of having endeavored to be faithful in counseling you as a spiritual teacher. As man, we are fallible "To err is human," and we claim no exception in this respect. But, whatever we have done or left undone, the record is now sealed, the recording angel has completed his task and we have to wait the final day of review, when we all shall read together what has been written, every thought, word and deed. Oh ! that we all may hail such a day with joy, and not with grief and sorrow. And that such a privilege and blessing may be yours as that of meeting God on the great plains of tbe judgment day reconciled, and your friend in and through His Son, Jesus Christ, and our dear Saviour; we exhort you once again to become as good soldiers of the cross as you have been and are of the crown. Fight as manfully the battles of faith as you have fought those of your country. Conquer 1864.] REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES. 337 tbe rebellion of sin and wickedness in your own hearts as certainly as you will conquer this rebellion against our free institutions of Liberty and Union and a spiritual victory will be yours also; unfading crowns of glory will cover your heads and the sun of eternal peace will rise to shine upon you forevermore. To the God of all grace, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, we prayerfully commit and commend you all, in life, in death and in eternity. Officers and soldiers of the 97th P. V , we bid you a kind and effeetionute fare well. I). W. MOORE, Chaplain 97th P. V. In response to this farewell, Col. Pennypackei addressed the fol lowing testimonial letter to the late chaplain: HEAD-QUARTERS 2o BRIGADE, 2o DIVISION, lOxn A. C., IN THE FIELD, VA., November 22, 18(>4. I deem it my simple duty to Chaplain David W. Moore to say that he leaves the 97th Reg., Pa. Vols, with the kind wishes and warm thanks of all its members. By his departure, the service loses a valuable officer; the cause of Christian religion, a true disciple in the field; and the soldier, a sincere and de voted friend. With one accord, we all say fervently, "May God be with him." G. PENNYPACKER, Col. 97th Regt. Pa. Vols. Chaplain Moore had served diligently and faithfully for a period of six months of most arduous and exposing service. He was greatly respected and beloved by both officers and men of the Regi- ment and brigade. The author especially remembers his kind at tention and care, upon the occasion of his illness, with feelings of appreciative gratitude. His kindly courtesy was manifest in his in tercourse with all, and his departure from the Regiment was uni versally regretted. On December 2, 1864, the Army of the James was reorganized, the l()th Corps and ISth Corps being consolidated to constitute the 24th Army Corps. The colored troops of those corps, together with those of the 9th Corps, constituted the 25th Corps. Maj. Gen. E. O. C. Ord was placed in command of the 24th, and Maj. Gen. God frey Weitzel in command of the 25th Corps. The 1st and 2d divi sions of the 24th Corps formerly belonged to the 10th Corps, and the 3d division of the 24th Corps to the 18th Corps; the 2d divi sion being the same organization as when in the l()th Corps, with Col. G. Pennypacker still in command of the 2d brigade; the only change in the division being the assignment of Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames to its command. The 10th and 18th Corps were, however, reconstructed after the capture of Fort Fisher. 22 338 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December CHAPTER XL DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA; BUTLER S EXPEDITION TO FORT FISHER; TERRY AND PORTER CAPTURE FORT FISHER; ADVANCE UPON WILMINGTON; OCCUPATION OF GOLDSBORO AND RALEIGH; LEE S SURRENDER TO GRANT; JOHNSON S SURRENDER TO SHERMAN; OCCUPATION OF GASTON AND WELDON, N. C.; MUSTER-OUT AND RETURN HOME; DECEMBER, 1864, TO AUGUST 28, 1865. REPARATIONS were now being made for a forward movement in the Department of North Carolina and operations directed with especial reference to the early reduction of Fort Fisher. This strong work defended the entrance, by the Cape Fear River, to Wilmington, N. C., by far the most important of the few seaports still in possession of the enemy. Its strategic value was the greater because our navy could not perfectly seal it by blockade. Rear Ad miral David D. Porter, commanding the North Atlantic Squadron, had collected, early in November, in Hampton Roads, the largest flotilla ever assembled for an assault on a single point. Unusual attention was attracted to these preparations by northern journals, more desirous of giving their readers information than careful to count the consequence of giving, also, the enemy all they desired to know of important movements of the army and navy, causing the expedition to be delayed until late in December. Gen. Butler had conceived the project of a torpedo vessel, to be disguised as a blockade runner, and charged with two hundred and fifty tons of powder, to be run under the sea-wall of Fort Fisher at night, and there exploding it by a fuse, trusting that at least the garrison would be so paralyzed by the resulting shock as to facilitate a prompt seizure of the fort by its besiegers. Some delay occurred in these preparations. An old war-worn propeller, the Louisiana, was dismantled and prepared, under the direction of Admiral Porter, 1864 -1 OPERATIONS AGAINST FORT FISHER. 339 and the requisite means of securing the success of the project were adopted. At sunset, on the 7th of December, the land forces, under com mand of Maj. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel, left camp, at Chapin s Farm, Va. About three thousand, officers and men, had been selected from the 2d division of the 24th Corps, commanded by Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames; a like number of colored troops from the 3d divi sion of the 25th Corps, commanded by Brig. Gen. Charles J. Paine; Company E 3d U. S. Art y, commanded by 1st Lieut. John R. Myrick, with six pieces of field artillery, and the 16th N. Y. Inde pendent Light Battery, commanded by Capt. Richard H. Lee, to gether with a company of the 1st N. Y. Engs., commanded by 1st Lieut. Charles B. Parsons, the whole comprising about six thou sand five hundred, officers and men. Crossing the James River, at Deep Bottom, the march was continued through a heavy rain, to the signal tower, near Point of Rocks, where the troops were or dered to bivouac for the night. Col. G. Fred. Granger, of the 9th Maine, remained in command of the camp of the division, at Chapin s Farm; Capt. James A. Barnett, of the 48th N. Y., in command of the brigade detachment, and 1st Lieut. William H. Martin in charge of recent conscripts and convalescents at the camp of the 97th P. V., with instructions to maintain squad drill, camp guard, etc, Lieut. Martin was also acting assistant adjutant general at division head-quarters. The troops embarked on ocean transports early on the morning of the 8th. Col. Pennypacker s brigade, numbering eleven hun dred men, was put on board the steamers Perriott, L. Moore and Idaho. At 3 A. M. on the 13th, Gen. Butler, who accompanied the expedition, gave the signal for starting, and, in order to mislead the enemy as to its destination, proceeded up Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River, to Matthias Point, in view of the scouts and signal men of the enemy, returning the following night to anchor under the lee of Cape Charles. On the 14th, the transports went to sea, arrived off New Inlet on the 15th, and came to anchor soon after at the rendezvous at Masonboro Inlet. Porter s fleet arrived off Beaufort, N. C., on the 16th, and having to procure ammunition there for his monitors, did not arrive at New Inlet until the evening of the 18th. Having previously succeeded 340 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, in getting soundings of the beach within one hundred and fifty yards of the works, Admiral Porter prepared to send in the powder boat Louisiana; but, upon information that the transports of Gen. Butler had nearly exhausted their supply of coal and water, and the gale increasing in severity, operations were delayed. The trans ports returned to Beaufort to replenish ; the continuance of the gale prevented their return until the 24th. After the storm ceased the sea went down rapidly. The night of the 23d was clear and fair the wind light from N. N. W. Admiral Porter having determined to attack on the next day, the 24th, had sent word to Geri. Butler to that effect. Porter, at 10 P. M., without waiting for the arrival of Butler s force, ordered Com mander Alexander C. Rhind to proceed in at once and blow up the powder boat. That intrepid and gallant officer, with a few men of equal bravery, successfully carried out the plan of conducting the LAND AND SEA FRONT OF FOKT FISHEK. Louisiana to the designated position, and, setting the clock at 11.50 P. M., to run an hour and a half before exploding the powder, re turned to the Wilderness, awaiting them. At 1.40 A. M., a huge column of fire rushed straight upward; four loud explosions followed at intervals of about half a second and all was darkness. The ex plosion, however, failed to damage the enemy s works. It was in tended to have been followed by an immediate bombardment and the landing of Butler s forces upon the peninsula above the fort. It was 11.30 A. M., on the 24th, when Porter s fleet advanced and began the bombardment. A rapid, accurate and terrible fire was concentrated upon the fort, which opened briskly in return, but the well-directed range of the fleet had such effect as to silence the enemy s guns in about seventy-five minutes, it also set on fire the combustible material and exploded two of the magazines. The fire was continued without interruption until sunset. By this time Gen. Butler s transports had returned. At 7 A. M., on the 25th, the bombardment was renewed and con tinued for several hours, the enemy responding for a short time with two guns only. A portion of Porter s vessels drew off, having ex- 1864 1 OPERATIONS AGAINST FORT FISHER. 341 hausted their ammunition. The iron clads were ordered to continue the fire throughout the night. In the meantime, on the morning of the 24th, the transports of Gen. Ames division anchored near the shore, two and a half miles north of Fort Fisher, and commenced debarking the troops. The 1st brigade advanced its skirmishers and, while the 2d brigade (Col. Penny-packer s), was landing, the enemy opened a slight infantry fire, which was quickly silenced. Gen. Weitzel advanced Col. Curtis brigade (the 1st) upon a re- connoissance toward the fort, reaching to within eight hundred yards of it. He then pushed forward a strong skirmish line to within one hundred and fifty yards, capturing a small outwork called Flag Pond Hill Battery, mounting one eight-inch gun, with two officers and sixty-five men, belonging to the 17th and 42d N. C., of Kirkland s brigade. They held out a white flag as the force ad vanced with them. The navy sent boats and took the prisoners on board the fleet. Gen. Weitzel s observations having convinced him that Fort Fisher was exceedingly strong, and that its defensive power had riot been essentially injured by Porter s fire, he returned, as directed, to Gen. Butler and reported that it would be unsafe to assault such a work with sixty-five hundred men. Gen. Butler, disappointed, then ran his vessel close in shore to observe the works, and reluctantly acquiesced in Weitzel s decision. In the interval between Weitzel leaving the fort and reporting to Gen. Butler, Curtis reported to Ames that he could take the fort. Ames then sent the remainder of his division forward to make the attempt. At some distance from the small battery already captured by Curtis was another of similar construction, called Half Moon Battery. This, Col. Rums Daggett s regiment, the 117th X. Y., dashed rapidly upon and secured, taking prisoners a major, five other officers and two hundred and eighteen men. Curtis continued to advance, his skirmish line reach ing within from fifty to seventy-five yards of the fort, protected by the glacis, constructed in such manner as to give cover, the garri son being kept in their bombproofs by the fire of the navy. A number of men on the skirmish lines were here wounded by the shell from the fleet. By the time CurtiS had reached this position it was dark. The navy had almost ceased its fire; the enemy began to man their guns again. The order to retire had been received by Gen. Ames, and Curtis was recalled just as he had disposed his force 342 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [December, lor an assault. There was no choice left but to obey the positive order, which, if delayed fifteen minutes, would have been .too late to have prevented the demonstration of the unsolved problem, " Could Fort Fisher have been then taken by the troops before if?" Curtis believed that it could if his brigade was properly supported and re inforced by the remainder of the division; and the remainder of the division only needed the command " Forward" to have followed him as closely as it did subsequently. The aggregate force of the garrison was afterward ascertained to have been one thousand and seventy-seven men, of which two hun dred and fifty were of the junior reserves, fifty sailors, the remain der well-disciplined veteran troops, all under command of Col. Wil liam Lamb, acting under direction of Maj. Gen. William H. C. Whiting, provisional army C. S. As the troops retired, the guns of the fort and a sharp fire of musketry swept the beach over which they moved. The casualties to our force were one officer captured, about fifteen men wounded, by our shells, in the skirmish line, and one was sub sequently drowned in the surf while re-embarking. The number of prisoners captured was eight oificers and two hundred and eighty- three men. Owing to the difficulty of landing supplies for his men, Gen. Butler now determined to withdraw his force and return to Fortress Monroe. The re-embarking of the troops was attended with great diffi culty on account of the roughness of the sea; it occupied all of the 26th. About three hundred of the 1st brigade remained ashore until the morning of the 27th. After reaching Fortress Monroe, the land force proceeded to their former position at Chapin s Farm. Commissions had been received, during December, for 2d Lieut, William H. Martin, Company A, as 1st .lieutenant; 2d Lieut. Leo nard R. Thomas, Company C, as 1st lieutenant; Sergt Maj. Chey- ney T. Haines, Company G, as 1st lieutenant, and 1st Sergt. Phares P. Brown, Company H, as 2d lieutenant. The warrant of sergeant major was then given to Corp. Henry R. Coates, Company K, and that of quarter-master sergeant to Corp. John H. Brower, Com pany F. The failure of Butler s expedition and the withdrawal of his force gave rise to much controversial comment. Porter was cre dited with saying, with logical force, "I don t pretend to put my opinion in opposition to that of Gen. Weitzel, who is a thorough is4.] GRANT S INSTRUCTIONS TO GENERAL WEITZEL. 343 soldier and an able engineer, and whose business it is to know more of assaulting than I do, but I cannot help thinking that it was worth while to make the attempt after coming so far." Gen. Grant was profoundly dissatisfied; he had intended Weitzel to have commanded the expedition, but had acquiesced in Gen. Butler accompanying at his urgent request. Grant s instructions for the guidance of Weitzel had been through courtesy communi cated to Butler, as the department commander, in the following letter: HEAD-QUARTERS, ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, CITY POINT, VA., December fi, 1864. GENERAL: The first object of the expedition under General Weitzel is to close to the enemy the port of Wilmington. If successful in this, the second will be the capture of Wilmington itself. There are reasonable grounds to hope for success, if advantage can be taken of the absence of a great part of the enemy s forces, now looking after Sherman in Georgia. The directions yob have given for the number and equipment of the expedition are all right, except in the unimportant one of where they embark and the amount of intrenching tools to be taken. The object of the expedition will be gained on affecting a landing on the main land between Cape Fear River and the Atlantic, north of the north entrance to the river. Should such landing be effected, whether the enemy hold Fort Fisher or the batteries guarding the entrance to the river there, the troops should intrench themselves, and by no-operating with the navy effect the reduction and capture of those places. These in our hands, the navy could enter the harbor and the port of Wilmington would be sealed. Should Fort Fisher and the point of land on which it is built fall into the hands of our troops immediately on land ing, it will be worth the attempt to capture Wilmington by a forced march and surprise. If time is consumed in gaining the first object of the expedition, the second will become a matter of after consideration. The details for the execution are intrusted to you and the officers immediately in command of the troops. Should the troops under General Weitzel fail to effect a landing at or near Fort Fisher, they will be returned to the array operating against Richmond without delay. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant General. MAJOR GENERAL BUTLER, Commanding Army of the James. Gen. Weitzel, having advised and concurred in the impropriety of an assault with their present force, claims to have been unaware of the purport or existence of the above order until it was published in Gen. Butler s report. Had it reached him, or had he been placed in command of the expedition he says, in his testimony before the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War " If I had had the in structions that Gen. Grant gave to Gen. Butler, I should have done 344 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, one thing that Gen. Butler did not do ; I would have intrenched and remained there/ Gen. Butler was relieved of his command on January 7, 1865; no doubt in consequence of this failure. Maj. Gen. E. O. C. Ord was then placed in command of the department, and Maj. Gen. John Gibbon, commanding 2d division, 2d Corps, was assigned to the command of the 24th Corps (Ord s), which he retained until the close of the war. Upon being relieved, Gen. Butler issued the following farewell to the troops: HEAD-QUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OP YIRGINTA AND NORTH CAROLINA, ARMY OF THE JAMES, January 8, 1865. SOLDIERS OP THE ARMY OF THE JAMES: Your commander, relieved by order of the President, takes leave of you. Your conduct in the field has extorted praises from the unwilling. You have endured the privations of the camp and the march without a murmur. You have never failed to attack when ordered. You have stormed and carried works deemed impregnable by the enemy. You have shown the positions to be so, by holding them against his fiercest assaults in the attempts to retake them. Those skilled in war have marvelled at the ob stacles overcome by your valor. Your line of works has excited the wonder of officers of other nations, who have come 10 learn defensive warfare from the monuments of your skilled labor. Your deeds have rendered your names illus trious. In after times your general s proudest memory will be to say with you, "I, too, was of the Army of the James." To have such companionship is pleasure. To participate in such acts is honor. To have commanded such an army is glory. No one could yield it without regret. Knowing your willing obedience to orders, witnessing your ready devotion of your blood in your coun try s cause, I have been chary of the precious charge confided to me. I have refused to order the useless sacrifice of the lives of such soldiers, and I am re lieved from your command. The wasted blood of my men does not stain my gar ments. For my actions I am responsible to God and my country. To THE COLORED TROOPS OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES: In this army you have been treated not as laborers but as soldiers. You have shown yourselves worthy of the uniform you wear. The best officers of the Union seek to com mand you. Your bravery has won the admiration even of those who would be your masters. Your patriotism, fidelity and courage have illustrated the best qualities of manhood. With the bayonet you have unlocked the iron-barred gates of prejudice, opening new fields of freedom, liberty and equality of right to yourselves and your race forever. Comrades of the Army of the James, I bid you farewell ! farewell! BENJ. F. BUTLER, Major General. Admiral Porter s fleet remained off Fort Fisher, N. C. Gen. Grant determined upon a second expedition to that point and se lected Brig, and Brevet Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, commander of the 1865.] GRANT S INSTRUCTIONS TO GENERAL TERRY. 345 1st division, 24th Corps, to command the land force. Gen. Grant s instructions to Gen. Terry were as follows: CITY POINT, VA., January 3, 1865. GENERAL: The expedition entrusted to your command has been fitted out to renew the attempt to capture Fort Fisher. N. C., and Wilmington ultimately, if the fort falls. You will then proceed with as little delay as possible to the naval fleet lying: off Cape Fear River, and report the arrival of yourself and command to Admiral I). D. Porter, commanding North Atlantic blockading squadron. It is exceedingly desirable that the most complete understanding should exist between yourself and the naval commander. I suggest, therefore, that you consult with Admiral Porter freely, and get from him the part to be performed by each branch of the public service, so that there may be unity of action. It would be well to have the whole programme laid down in writing. I have served with Admiral Porter, and know that you can rely on his judgment and his nerve to undertake what he proposes. I would, therefore, defer to him as much as is consistent with your own responsibilities. The first object to be at tained is get a firm position on the spit of land on which Fort Fisher is built, from which you can operate against that fort. You want to look to the prac ticability of receiving your supplies and to defending yourself against superior forces sent against you by any of the avenues left open to the enemy. If such a position can be obtained, the siege of Fort Fisher will not be abandoned until its reduction is accomplished or another plan of campaign is ordered from these head-quarters. My own views are that, if you effect a lauding, the navy ought to run a portion of their fleet into Cape Fear River, while the balance of it operates on the out side. Land forces cannot invest Fort Fisher, or cut it off from supplies or rein forcements, while the river is in possession of the enemy. A siege train will be loaded on vessels and sent to Fortress Monroe, in readi ness to be sent to you if required. All other supplies can be drawn from Beaufort as you need them. Keep the fleet of vessels with you until your position is assured. When you find they can be spared, order them back, or such of them as you can spare, to Fortress Monroe, to report for orders. In case of failure to effect a landing, bring your command back to Beaufort, and report to these bead-quarters for further instructions. You will not debark at Beaufort until so directed. General Sheridan has been ordered to send a division of troops to Baltimore, and place them on sea-going vessels. These troops will be brought to Fortress Monroe and kept there on the vessels until you are heard from. Should you require them they will be sent to you. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant General. BREVET MAJ. GEN. A. H. TERRY. V On January 2, 1865, the same troops, with the addition of Ab bott s brigade of the 1st division, 24th Corps, numbering about one thousand five hundred men, and a small siege train, embarked on 346 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, transports in the James River and proceeded to Hampton Roads. Arrangements for the starting of the second expedition were made by Lieut. Col. William L. James, chief quarter-master Department of Virginia and North Carolina, who was subsequently promoted PLAN OP LAND AND NAVAL OPERATIONS AT FORT FISHER. to brevet brigadier general, for the secrecy and celerity with which he collected and equipped the transports, by which means the expe dition was sent to sea, on January 6, without its destination be coming known; it arrived at the place of rendezvous, off Beaufort, N. C, on January 8, being delayed by a severe storm. 1865.] TERRY S REPORT OF THE CAPTURE OF FORT FISHER. 347 Owing to unpropitious weather, the fleet remained off Beaufort until the morning of the l 2th, when it got under way and reached Federal Point, X. C., the same evening and disembarked about four miles north of Fort Fisher, on the 13th. The account of the movements against Fort Fisher is best given in the words of Gen. Terry s report to Gen. Kawlins, chief of staff to Gen. Grant, from which the following extracts are made : * * * At 4 A. M., on the 13th, the inshore division of naval vessels stood in close to the beach to cover the landing; the transports followed and took position in line parallel to the naval vessels and about two hundred yards in rear of them. The iron clads moved to within range of the fort and opened fire upon it. * * * At 3 P. M., nearly eight thousand men, with three days rations in haversacks and forty rounds of ammunition in cartridge- boxes; six days supply of hard bread in bulk, three hundred thousand additional rounds of small arm ammunition and a sufficient number of intrenching tools had been safely landed. * * As soon as the troops had commenced landing, pickets were thrown out; they immediately encountered outposts of the enemy and shots were exchanged, but no serious engagement occurred. A few prisoners were taken, from whom I learned that Iloke s rebel division, which it was supposed had been sent further south, was still here and that it was bis outposts which we were meeting. * * Shortly before 5 P. M., leaving Abbott s brigade to cover our stores, the troops were put in motion for a position about three miles from the fort, where the maps showed a large pond occupying nearly one third of the width of the peninsula. On arriving at it, the pond was found to be a Band-flat, sometimes covered with water, giving no assistance to the defence of a line es tablished behind it. Nevertheless, it was determined to get a line across at this place, and Paine s division, followed by two of Ames brigades, including Penny- packer s, made their way through. The night was very dark, much of the ground wa? a marsh and illy adapted to the construction of works, and the distance was found to be too great to be properly defended by the troops which could be spared from the direct attack upon the fort. It was not until 9 P. M. that Paine reached the river. The ground still nearer the fort was then reconnoitered and found to be much better adapted to our purposes. Accordingly, the troops were withdrawn from their last position and established on a line about two milea from the works. They reached this final position, at 2 o clock A. M. on the Nth. Tools were immediately brought up and the intrenchments were commenced. At 8 o clock A. M., a good breastwork, reaching from the ricer to the sea and partially covered by abattis, had been constructed, and was in a defensible condition. It was much improved afterward, but from this time our foothold on the peninsula was secured. Early on the morning of the 14th, the landing of the artillery was commenced, and by sunset all the light guns were gotten on shore. During the following night they were placed on the line most of them near the river, where the enemy, in case be should attack us, would be least exposed to the fire of the gunboats 348 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January Curtis brigade of Ames division was moved down toward Fort Fisher, during- the morning, and at noon his skirmishers, after capturing on their way a small steamer, which had come down the river with shell and forage, for the garrison of the fort, reached a small unfinished outwork in front of the west end of the land front of the work. Brig. Gen. Curtis, Lieut. Col. (now brevet briga dier general) Comstock, the chief engineer of the expedition, and myself, under the protection of the fire of the fleet, made a careful reconnoissance of the work, getting within six hundred yards of it. * * * As the result of this reconnoissance, and in view of the extreme difficulty which might be expected in landing supplies, and the material for a siege on the open and often tem pestuous beach, it was decided to attempt an assault the next day, provided that, in the meantime, the fire of the navy should so far destroy the palisades as to make one practicable. * * * The fire of the navy continued during the night. At 8 o clock A. M., on the 15th, all of the vessels, except a division left to aid in the defence of our northern line, moved into position, and a fire, magnificent alike for its power and accuracy, was opened. Ames division had been selected for the assault. Paine was placed in com mand of the defensive line, having with him Abbotts brigade in addition to his own division. Ames 1st brigade (Curtis ) was already at the outwork above mentioned and in trenches close around it. His other two brigades, Penny- packer s and Bell s, were moved, at noon, to within supporting distance of him. At 2 o clock, preparations for the assault were commenced. Sixty sharp-shooters from the 13th Ind. Yols., armed with Spencer repeating carbines, and forty others, volunteers from Curtis brigade, the whole under command of Lieut. Col. Lent, of the 13th Ind., were thrown forward, at a run, to within one hundred and seventy-five yards of the work. They were provided with shovels, and soon dug pits for shelter and commenced firing upon the parapet. As soon as this movement commenced, the parapet of the fort was manned, and the enemy s fire, both of musketry and artillery, opened. When the sharp-shooters were in po sition, Curtis brigade was moved forward, by regiment, at the double quick into line, about four hundred and seventy-five yards from the work. The men then lay down. This was accomplished under a sharp fire of musketry and artillery, from which, however, they soon sheltered themselves, by digging shallow trenches. When Curtis moved from the outwork, Pennypacker was brought up to it, and Bell was brought into line two hundred yards in his rear. Finding that a good cover for Curtis men could be found on the reverse slope of a crest, sixty yards in rear of the sharp-shooters, they were again moved forward, one regiment at a time, and again covered themselves in trenches. Pennypacker followed Curtis and occupied the ground vacated by him, and Bell was brought up to the out work. It had been proposed to blow up and cut down the palisades. Bags of powder with fuses attached had been prepared, and a party of volunteer axemen or ganized ; but the fire of the navy had been so effective that it was thought un necessary to use the powder. The axemen, however, were sent in with the leading brigade and did good service by making openings in portions of the palisading, which the firu had not been able to reach. 1865.] TERRY S REPORT OF THE CAPTURE OF FORT FISHER. 349 At 3.25 P. M., all the preparations were completed; the order to move forward was given to Gen. Ames, and a concerted signal wns made to Admiral Porter to change the direction of bis fire. Curtis brigade at once sprang from their trenches, and dashed forward in line. Its left was exposed to a severe enfilading fire, and it obliqued to the right, so as to envelope the left of the land front; the ground over which it moved was marshy and difficult, but it soon reached the palisades, passed through them and effected a lodgment on the parapet. * * When Curtis moved forward, Ames directed Pennypacker to move up to the rear of the sharp-shooters, and brought Hell up to Pennypacker s late position, and, as soon as Curtis got a foothold on the parapet, sent Pennypacker in to his support. He advanced, overlapping Curtis right, and drove the enemy from the heavy palisading, which extended from the west end of the land face to the river, capturing a considerable number of prisoners [about four hundred]; then pushing forward to the left, the two brigades together drove the enemy from about one quarter of the land face. Ames then brought up Bell s brigade and moved it between the work and the river. On this side there was no regular parapet, but there was an abundance of cover afforded to the enemy by cavities from which sand had been taken for the parapets, the ruins of barracks and storehouses, the large magazines and by tra verses, behind which they stubbornly resisted our advance. Band-to-hand fighting of the most desperate character ensued, the huge traverses of the land face, being used successively by the enemy, as breast works, over the tops of which the contending parties fired into each other s faces. Nine of these were carried, one after another, by our men. * * * Until 6 o clock, the fire of the navy continued upon that portion of the work not occupied by us; after that time, it was directed upon the beach, to prevent the coming up of reinforcements. * The lighting for the traverses continued until nearly 9 o clock, two more of them being carried; then a portion of Abbott s brigade (which had been brought to the support of the assault), drove the enemy from their last remaining strong hold, and the occupation of the work was completed. The same brigade, with Gen Blackburn s regiment (27th U. S. Colored Troops), were immediatelv pushed down the point to Battery Buchanan, whither many of the garrison had fled. On reaching the battery, all of the enemy who bad not been previously t-aptured were made prisoners; among them were Maj. Gen. Whiting and Col. Lamb, the commandant of the fort. * * * In all the works were found one hundred and sixty-nine pieces of artillery, nearly all heavy, over two thousand stand of small arms, considerable quantities of conmiissary stores, and full supplies of ammunition. Our prisoners numbered one hundred and twelve commissioned officers and one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one enlisted men. I have no words to do justice to the behavior of both officers and men on this occasion; all that men could do they did; better soldiers never fought. * * * Brig. Gen. Curtis and Cols. Pennvpaeker, Bell and Abbott, the brigade commanders, led them with the utmost galhmtrv. Curtis was wounded after fighting in the front rank, rifle in hand; Penny, packer, while carrying the standard of one of his regiments, the 97th P. V., the first man in a charge over a traverse. Bell was mortally wounded near the palisades. I shall have the honor to submit a supplemental report in reference to 350 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, those subordinate officers and enlisted men who distinguished themselves on this occasion. I forward, herewith, Gen. Ames report. [Signed] ALFRED H. TERRY, Maj. Gen. To BRIG GEN. J. A. RAWLINS, Chief of Staff, City Point, Va. From Gen. Ames report is extracted as follows : HEAD-QUARTERS, 2o DIVISION, 24TH A. C., FORT FISHER, N. C., January 16, 1865. To CAPT. A. TERRY, Ass t Adjt. Gen. I have the honor to submit the following report of the late movements and operations of this division. * * * At 3 P. M., on the 15th, we stormed Fort Fisher. Brevet Brig. Gen. N. M. Curtis brigade (the first) made a lodgment on the northwest angle of the fcrt. I immediately ordered up Col. G. Pennypacker s brigade (the second). The enemy were at once driven from the palisading extending from the fort to the river and about one-third of the work its northwest angle occupied by us. I then ordered up Col. L. Bell s brigade (the third), and moved it forward against and in rear of the sea face of the work, the ground being much obstructed by the ruins of the barracks, lumber and other rubbish; and the enemy being pro tected by traverses, and, taking advantage of the cover afforded by magazines, etc.. checked our advance. Fighting of a most obstinate character continued until after dark, during which time we made considerable advancement on the left and captured about four hundred prisoners. About 8 P. M., Col. Abbott, with his brigade, completed the occupation of the face of the works extending from the ocean to the river. A general advance was now made and the fort occupied without opposition. The conduct of the officers and men of this division was most gallant. Aided by the fire of the navy, and an attacking column of sailors and marines along the sea-beach, we were able to pass over the open ground in front of the fort, through the gaps of the palisading in the ditch made by the naval fire, and finally to carry the work. The name of every officer and man engaged in this desperate conflict should be mentioned, but I shall at present only be able to give you a few of the most con spicuous. It is to be hoped they all may be properly rewarded. * * * Col. G. Pennypacker. commanding 2d brigade, was seriously wounded while planting the colors of his leading regiment (the 97th P. V.) on the third traverse of the work. This officer was surpassed by none; his absence during the remain der of the day was most deeply felt and seriously regretted. * * * I here submit the names of the regimental commanders, and to them, in con nection with the brigade commanders, is the credit due for the heroic conduct of their men. * * Regimental commanders. * * * 2d brigade. * * Ninety-Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1st Lieut. John Wainwrigbt, commanding. Copies of reports of the brigade commanders will be forwarded. In them will be found lists of officers and men who particularly distinguished themselves. It is recommended that medals be bestowed upon all enlisted men mentioned. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, [Signed] A. AMES, Brigadier General of Volunteers 1865.] PENNSYLVANIA TKooPS IN ACTION AT I oKT HSIIl.i:. 351 From a published official account of the casualties at Fort Fisher this table is taken: BRIGADES. KILLED. WOUNDED. MISSING. TOTAL. Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Men. O. & Men. (Jen. Curtis , 2 85 18 160 9 224 Col. Pennypacker s, Col Bell s, 7 2 24 15 15 4 183 105 72 301 126 Col. Abbott s, 3 2 18 11 34 Aggregate, 11 77 39 466 92 685 The foregoing reports show that the assault was one of the most brilliant, successful and important occurrences of the war. It may appear strange, however, that in most of the published accounts of this, as well as other important operations of the war, the presence and participation of Pennsylvania troops has been so entirely ignored. To those familiar with the forces mentioned in these offi cial papers, it is evident that Pennsylvania troops and Pennsylvania valor contributed largely to the brilliant success at Fort Fisher. The 2d brigade composed of the 76th, 97th and 203d P. V., with the 47th and 48th N. Y., and commanded by a gallant son of that grand old commonwealth, nurtured in the lap of Valley Forge, Col. Galusha Pennypacker was engaged, during the interval after landing and preceding the assault, in opening and establishing a defensive line, across the peninsula, to guard the rear of Gen. Terry s forces; and, at the time of moving upon the enemy s works, being second in the advance, followed rapidly and closely after the leading brigade in every movement and at the moment of reaching the fort its lines merged with and extended beyond the flank of the former. It entered with the first brigade into the terrific contest that ensued and continued with unabated fury until the final triumph and occupation of the enemy s works. The colors of three Penn sylvania regiments were firmly planted upon the parapets amid a shower of leaden hail that swept down all the brigade and regi mental commanders and many officers and men of those well-tried veteran regiments. From these reports, too, it is seen that Penny- packer s brigade suffered most, having the largest number of casualties and nearly double the number of officers killed of the remaining force engaged. It is not the purpose to claim for Pennsylvania soldiers or Penn sylvania regiments a monopoly of the valor displayed, but simply 352 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, to protest that the record of that brilliant affair should not always be presented as the result of the bravery and valor of the troops accredited to the States of New England and New York, with scarcely a recognition of the existence of the gallant regiments named from Pennsylvania, or of their brigade commander, in any appreciative estimate of the distinguished share both they and he bore in that brilliant action. The number of Pennsylvania soldiers in the field and their real achievements bear a singular disproportion to the place assigned to them or their State, in certain journalistic reports of the most pro minent events of the war. It seems that, in monopolizing the lite rature of the war, the localities referred to have deemed it justifiable to appropriate the lion s share of the valor and the fruits of victory as well. Admiral Porter, in his report to the Secretary of the Navy, says: * * * It will not be amiss for me to remark here that I never saw anything like the fearless gallantry and endurance displayed by our troops. They fought like lions and knew no such word as fail. Thy finally fought and chased the rebels from traverse to traverse until they reached Battery Lamb, at the MOUND BATTERY, NEAR FORT FISHER. mound, a face of work extending about fourteen hundred yards in length. At this point the rebels broke and fled to the end of Federal Point ; our troops fol lowed them up and they surrendered at discretion. * * * I have visited Fort Fisher and its adjoining works and found their strength greatly beyond what I had conceived. An engineer might be excusable in saying they could not be captured, except by regular siege. I wonder even now how it was done. * * * The works are tre mendous. I was in the Malakoff Tower, a few days after its surrender to the French and British. The combined armies of those two nations were many months capturing that stronghold, and it will not compare, either in size or strength, to Fort Fisher, and yet the latter was captured by a handful of men, 1865.] THANKS OF THE NATION TENDERED BY SECRETARY STANTON. 353 under the fire of the guns of the fleet, and in seven hours after the attack com menced in earnest. * * * The world never saw such fighting us our soldiers did. The capture of Fort Fisher was an event of the war that thrilled the country as did the victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg, in spiring the heart of the nation with renewed courage and hope. The Secretary of War, who had come down to observe the issue pending, was on the steam transport S. R. Spaulding, in the offing, an eye witness to the desperate conflict and of the unprecedented perseverance and daring that, at length, triumphed over the most obstinate and persistent defence of a work so formidable as has been described. He personally congratulated Admiral Porter and Gen. Terry on the day following and, in the name of the President of the United States, tendered the thanks of the nation to those officers, and the gallant officers and men of their respective commands, for the valor and skill that had been crowned with such signal success. On the 17th, the Secretary of the Navy ordered a national salute to be fired, at each of the government navy yards, in honor of the great victory. Gen. Grant also ordered a salute of one hundred guns by each of the armies along the entire line operating against Richmond and Petersburg, Va. In a letter to the President, giving an account of the assault, Secretary Stanton says: * * The assault on the other and most difficult side of the fort was made by a column of three thousand troops of the old 10th Corps, led by Gen. Curtis, under the immediate superintendence of Gen. Terry. * * * The conflict lasted for seven hours; the works were so constructed that every traverse afforded the enemy a new defensive position from which they had to be driven. * * * Gen. Curtis was severely wounded; Col. Pennypacker was badly wounded; Col. Bell died of his wounds, on Monday morning, the day after the action; Col. J. W. Moore and Lieut. Col. Lyman were killed; Lieut. Col. Coan was badly wounded. * * * You will be pleased to know that perfect harmony and concert of action existed between the land and naval forces and their respective commanders. Admiral Porter and Gen. Terry vied in their commendation each of the other. Each seemed more anxious to do justice to the other than to claim anything for him self, and they united in the highest commendation of the naval and military officers and the forces engaged. To this harmony of feeling and the confident spirit inspired mny, perhaps, be attributed, in some degree, the success of our attack, with nearly equal numbers, against a resolute enemy in a work unsur passed, if ever equalled, in strength, and which Gen. Beauregurd, a few days before, pronounced impregnable. * * [Signed] EDWIN M. STANTON. 354 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, A letter from an officer of the Regiment thus describes the part it bore in this memorable assault: * * * We left the front, north of the James River, on December 7, and accompanied the Butler expedition to this place and returned with it to our old camping ground at Chapin s Farm. * * After remaining in camp for three days, again embarked with Terry s expedition and were among the first to land on Federal Point, on January 13, where we lay two days, under the towering ramparts and frowning guns of Fort Fisher. At 1 P. M., on Sunday, the 15th, the troops were put in motion for the assault, the 97th P. V. being in the second line, at five hundred yards from the fort ; marched by the flank coolly and orderly, and filed by the right into liae of battle across the open plain, in front of the fort, which was swept by grape and canister from every gun not disabled by the fire of the navy. Here we lay down, and, while awaiting orders to charge, threw up such protection as we could by digging with our hands into the sand, for we had left tin cups and plates in the rear. The gallant Regiment, with which I feel proud to claim a connection, went into action in neat fighting trim and bore itself throughout the assault in a manner worthy of the highest encomiums. * * * We had not long to lie under the withering shower of iron, for the 1st brigade suddenly sprang up and, with a yell, advanced upon the fort. This was the signal for the second line, which moved forward with a bound and soon overtook the 1st brigade and, with them, clambered up the steep walls of the fort, led by our gallant Col. Penny packer, who commanded the brigade and to whose coolness, bravery and skill it is indebted for its efficiency. We entered the west end of the fort and captured a number of prisoners at once, but the greater number of the enemy seemed disinclined to surrender. Then ensued a hand-to-hand conflict, which, for desperation and determination, INTERIOR OF FORT FISHER. has not been surpassed since this war began. A series of traverses, each a fort itself, were charged and recharged, and for seven long hours the two armies fought furiously inside the fort. And not until 10 P. M. were the rebels finally subdued and forced to surrender, which was greeted with deafening cheers by the tired and weary soldiers and a display of hundreds of rockets by the naval fleet. Among the guns captured was a splendid one-lmndred-and-fifty- pounder Armstrong, presented to the rebels by English friends. It had the broad anow on it, and Sir William Armstrong s name >i; " THE CASUALTIES AT FORT FISI1ER. -> > marked on the trunnion. The solid mahogany carriage was partially destroyed by fire. Gen. Terry s loss was one hundred and ten killed and five hun dred and thirty-six wounded. Brig. Gen. Curtis, commanding 1st brigade, Ames division, was severely wounded in the head ; Col. Pennypacker, commanding 2d brigade, was dangerously wounded in the right hip, and Col. Bell, commanding 3d brigade, was mor tally wounded and died next day. The following additional officers of the division were killed or mortally wounded: Col. John F. Smith, 112th N. Y.; Capt. John F. Thomas, 117 N. Y.; Capt. James M. Elliott, 142d N. Y.; Capt. James W. Dunn, 48th N. Y.; 1st Lieut. Stephen S. Olney, 115th N. Y.; Capt. Thomas L. McGlathery, 76th P. V. Col. John W. Moore, Lieut. Col. Jonas W. Lyman, Capt. Jacob T. Small wood and 1st Lieut. Matthias Hart, all of the 203d P. V., were killed. A large number of other officers of the division were wounded, many of them quite severely. In the assault upon Fort Fisher, the officers and men of the 97th P. V. gallantly sustained its well-earned reputation for reliability and valor in charging upon the enemy s most formidable works. Of eight officers and one hundred and seventy-one men who partici pated in the action, one officer and five men were killed. The re maining seven officers and thirty-two men were wounded, as follows: field and staff, one officer wounded; Company A, two men wounded; Company B, three men wounded; Company C, two men killed, one officer and five men wounded; Company D, one officer killed, one officer and four men wounded; Company E, three men wounded; Company F, one man killed, one officer and three men wounded; Company G, one man killed, one officer and one man wounded, officer mortally; Company H, two officers and three men wounded, one of the latter mortally; Company I, one man killed, one officer and six men wounded; Company K, two men wounded. Total: killed, one officer and five men ; wounded, seven officers and thirty-two men. Aggregate, forty-five officers and men. Col. Pennypacker fell just after he had placed the colors of his leading regiment, the 97th P. V., on the parapet. It was the first regimental flag on the enemy s works. The 117th N. Y., of the 1st brigade, had planted a small guidon on the slope of the work so as to extend above the parapet; but Col. Pennypacker planted the colors of his Regiment squarely on the parapet, amid a shower of 356 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [January, bullets, and was immediately followed by Col. John W. Moore, of the 203d P. V., with the colors of his regiment. The flag of the 97th P. V. was pierced by one hundred and seven bullets and a canister shot, and its staff cut in two in the action. The color bearer, Corp. William McCarty, Company D, was also severely wounded in the knee. Col. Pennypacker was immediately carried to the rear by his men. He was subsequently removed to Chesa peake Hospital. John "VVainwright, 1st lieutenant Company F, commanding llegi- ment, received a slight grape-shot wound in the right shoulder, before reaching the fort, but remained on duty. Capt. Henry Odiorne, Company D, a brave and efficient officer, just promoted, was killed while leading his company in the assault. His remains were subsequently sent home by his brother, 1st Sergt: David W. Odiorne, same company. 1st Lieut. Cheyney T. Haines, Company G, was mortally wounded in the thigh and died in hospital, at New York, two weeks later. This was the third time he had been wounded in action. 1st Lieut. Leonard R. Thomas, Company C, commanding company, was slightly wounded in the left leg, but re mained on duty and was soon after detailed as acting adjutant, in place of Lieut. Smedley. 2d Lieut. Isaac B. Taylor, Company D, was wounded in the shoulder and sent to the hospital at Fortress Monroe. 1st Lieut. Theodore M. Smedley, Company H, acting ad jutant, was also severely wounded in the right arm and side and sent to hospital at same place, and 1st Lieut. George W. Duffee, Company I, was slightly wounded in right leg. Many narrowly escaped. The clothes of several of the men were pierced by bullets without causing other injury than slight scratches and burns. The War Department soon after conferred brevet promotion for gallant and meritorious service, at Fort Fisher, upon the following officers of the 97th P. V., to date from March 13, 1865, viz.: Col. G. Pennypacker, as brevet brigadier general and brevet major general, U. S. Vols., to rank from January lo, 1865; 1st Lieut. John Wain- wright, Company F, as captain and major; 1st Lieut. Leonard 11. Thomas, Company C; 1st Lieut. Cheyney T. Haines (died of his wounds), Company G, and 1st. Lieut. Theodore M. Smedley, Com pany H, all as captains. After the surrender of Fort Fisher, the 97th P. V. occupied a position near the chief magazine, where it remained until the morn ing of the 16th, when it was removed a short distance and another 1865 -1 BREVET PROMOTIONS BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT. 357 regiment took its place. Within an hour the magazine exploded with disastrous effect. About one hundred and eighty soldiers and sailors were killed or severely wounded. The Regiment narrowly escaped the calamity, which was supposed to be accidental. During the 16th and 17th of January, the enemy abandoned and blew up Fort Caswell, which stood upon a point of land across and commanded the mouth of Cape Fear River. They also aban doned the extensive works at Smithville and Reves Point. These places were immediately occupied by the Union troops, thus obtain ing entire control of the entrance to Cape Fear River. The enemy had fallen back to Fort Anderson and Wilmington, as the Union forces accumulated in their front. Those points were held witli great determination by the rebel commander, Gen. Bragg. Gen. Terry now held a strongly-intrenched line across the peninsula, bounded by the ocean and Cape Fear River; also, occupied Smith- villc and Fort Caswell, with his flanks covered by the fleet under Rear Admiral Porter. Fort Anderson, on the west bank of the river, was a strong earth work, with a collateral line, strongly fortified, running to a large swamp, about three quarters of a mile distant. The enemy main tained, also, a line on the peninsula, north of and confronting Terry s position, extending from Cape Fear River to Masonboro or Myrtle Sound. Their position was impregnable to a direct attack, and could only be turned by crossing Myrtle Sound above their left wing or passing around the swamp which covered their right. The movement upon Wilmington, after the fall of Fort Fisher, was necessarily delayed until Gen. Terry s forces could be aug mented by additional troops. The 97th P. V. had been engaged, with the other troops, in re storing order to the environs of that place; subsequently, in move ments to reconnoitre the position and strength of the enemy and in throwing up earthworks for the protection of the troops as they advanced upon the lines of the enemy. George W. Duflee, 1st lieutenant Company I, was now the only company officer present for duty. The following had received com missions and were awaiting muster as 1st lieutenants: Dallas Crow, Company B; David W. Odiorne, Company D; Phares P. Brown, Company H, and William S. Underwood, Company K; George W. Middleton, Company I, as 2d lieutenant. The remainder of the division, at Chapin s Farm, Va., com- 358 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, manded by Col. G. Fred. Granger, of the 9th Maine, left Virginia about February 9, and reached Federal Point about the 10th. Lieut. Martin, Company A, rejoined the Regiment with his detachment at Fort Fisher, about the llth, having in the mean time been mustered as captain. He thereupon assumed command of the Regiment as ranking officer. Lieut. Wainwright was now assigned to duty as acting adjutant, relieving Lieut. Thomas, Com pany C. He continued to perform the duties of adjutant until mus tered as lieutenant colonel in April, when he resumed command of the Regiment. Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, commanding the 23d Corps, Army of the Tennessee, having been detached with his corps from Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas command, after the battle of Nashville, Tenn., and ordered to report at Annapolis, Md., was then ordered to the command of the new department of Virginia and North Caro lina. He landed with his corps at Federal Point on February 9. The land force was thus increased to about twenty-one thousand men. Gen. Terry had so admirably arranged his lines as to secure every available position from which to advance upon Hoke in his front, and was now ready to move forward. Gen. Schofield ordered a reconnoissance in force on the morning of February 11. The 23d Corps, having experienced the fatigue of a long and stormy sea voyage, was held in reserve while Gen. Terry s troops led the ad vance. The 97th P. V. marched with Terry s command toward the enemy s position. Abbott s brigade and Col. John W. Ames (6th U. S. Colored Troops) brigade on the right, while Gen. Ames old division held the centre, and joined the brigade of Col. Elias Wright (10th U. S. Colored Troops), of Paine s division, on the left, which reached to the river; Battery E, 3d U. S. Art y, 1st Lieut. John R. Myrick, also supporting the left. Skirmishing commenced soon after leaving our lines. The gunboats opened fire upon the enemy s position with marked effect; part of the fleet moved cau tiously up the river to within half a mile of Fort Anderson. Paine s force became actively engaged about 9 A. M., yet continued to ad vance steadily upon the enemy s intrenched lines. Several prisoners were captured as the troops advanced. The enemy s first and second lines were carried by 11 A. M., and their force driven behind their main works. The fire of the naval fleet now enabled Paine s force to intrench a new line within five hundred yards of the enemy s position. 185.1 ADVANCE UPON FORT ANDERSON AND WILMINGTON. 359 Meanwhile, Ames division, supported by the 3d division of the 23d Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. Jacob 1). Cox, was advancing against tbe enemy s left, and at the same time attempting to throw a heavy force across Myrtle Sound in rear of Hoke s position, by means of navy boats and pontoons taken across the narrow strip of land by the troops moving along the ocean beach. A severe storm, however, prevented the boats from reaching the position. The enemy skirmished sharply along the line of Myrtle Sound, but a sudden dash of the 3d N. H., led by Maj. William H. Trickey, through an almost impenetrable thicket and swamp, carried their first line, completely flanking the force occupying it, and captured about sixty men. The object of the rcconnoissance had been accomplished by 4 P. M., a position had been secured nearly two miles in advance of that previously held and within seventeen miles of Wilmington, having sustained a very small loss in killed and about fifty wounded. On February 13, the 97th P. V. was temporarily transferred from the 2d to the 1st brigade (Gen. Curtis ), now commanded by Col. Rufus Daggett, of the 117th N. Y. With the brigade it had re turned to its former camp, near Fort Fisher. For a few days, the weather was very stormy with violent winds, rendering active mili tary movements impracticable. It was intended to renew the attempt to cross Myrtle Sound, on the night of the 14th, by carrying the boats along the beach, but the high winds had so raised the tide as to render it impracticable to cross at a time to enable the sound to be reached before daylight, when the movement would be observed and frustrated. Had not this circumstance prevented, Hoke would have found a heavy force between him and Wilmington. The subsequent movements against Wilmington, as given in Gen. Schofield s report, furnish the best account that can be obtained of the services in which the 97th P. V, participated at that time. The report says: * * * On the 15th, Cox s division of the 23d Corps, and Ames of the 10th Corps, crossed over to Smith ville, w.here they were joined hy Moore s brigade of Couch s division, 23d Corps, which had just landed. This force ad vanced along the main road, to Wilmington, skirmishing with the enemy s pickets and advanced lines, until the main force of the enemy was encountered, at Fort Anderson and its adjacent works. Here two brigades of Cox s division were intrenched to occupy the enemy, while Cox s other two brigades and Ames di vision moved around the swamp, which covered the enemy s right, in order to 360 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, strike the Wilmington Road in the rear and north of the fort. The distance to be marched was about fifteen miles. The enemy, finding himself in danger of being flanked his cavalry having discovered this movement hastily abandoned his works, on both sides of the river, during the night of February 19, and fell back behind Town Creek, on the west, and beyond a line of swamp in a corre sponding position on the east. Fort Anderson and its adjacent defences, with ten pieces of artillery and a large amount of ammunition thus fell into our hands, and the approaches to Wilmington were still further weakened. On the 20th, Gen. Cox s forces pursued the enemy to Town Creek, behind which he was found intrenched, having destroyed the only bridge. Gen. Cox s forces, making a detour, crossed Town Creek, below the rebel position, and reaching their flanks and rear, attacked and routed the enemy, capturing two pieces of artillery and three hundred and seventy-five prisoners. The next morn ing, he pushed on toward Wilmington without opposition. Gen. Terry, who was on the east side of the Cape Fear River, also found the enemy in strong force in his new position. Gen. Ames division was brought over to the east side, to reinforce Gen. Terry, on the night of February 19. Gen. Terry could not make as rapid progress, but he held all of Hoke s force in his front and prevented them from reinforcing the troops which Cox was driving before him. Cox reached Brunswick River in the afternoon, and, opening fire upon the enemy on Eagle Island, caused them to burn the railway bridge and cut adrift the pontoon bridge, setting it on fire at the same time. Securing a few of the pontoons, Gen. Cox promptly crossed to Eagle Island, skirmishing and establishing outposts on the causeway over the swamp, and within musket range of the wharves of the city of Wilmington. The rebels opened fire upon them with two Whitworth guns, but Cox s troops soon brought up their ar tillery and threw several shell into the city, silencing the rebel fire. The enemy continued to menace Gen. Terry s position during the afternoon and evening of the 21st. During the night, they set fire to the property of the rebel government, consisting of a large amount of cotton, rosin, extensive cotton sheds and presses, unfinished iron-clads, three large turpentine distilleries and the adjacent wharves, railroad bridges and pontoon bridges, and abandoned the city, retreating toward Goldsboro. * * * During the, night of the 21st, Ames division moved upon the enemy s position at Battery Strong and had a sharp encounter. By the aid of Porter s fleet, the enemy were driven out, and the works, including nine guns, captured. Our forces entered and took possession of the city at 9 A. M. on February 22, thus celebrating Washington s Birthday. Few citi zens left the city except sucli as the enemy forced to enter the ranks and follow the retreating army. All able-bodied men hid them selves, but, as soon as the Union forces entered, thronged the streets. The ladies were also out in force, and the negroes crowded all the avenues. Not a symptom of animosity was displayed by man, woman or child. The Union feeling manifested itself quite strongly 1B65 -1 THE OCCUPATION OF WILMINGTON. 361 in the city. American flags were brought out and suspended over doors and from windows. As he entered the suburbs of the city, Gen. Terry was met by a city policeman carrying a white rlag, who informed the general he was authorized by the mayor to surrender the city to the authorities of the United States. Gen. Terry referred the truce bearer to Maj. Gen. Schoficld, who was then entering the city. That officer rode to the city hall, where he was ivaited on by the mayor and some of the city fathers. They were willing and ready to give up all their municipal functions. Gen. Sohofield told them to continue in the exercise of their powers for the good of the city; that it was not his intention to in terfere with the civil government more than rould be avoided, but that he expected the inhabitants to conduct themselves as becoming citizens of the United States, to respect the representatives and de fenders of the National Government, to abide by its laws and not give aid and comfort to its enemies. The Mayor, John Dorson, Esq., assured the general that to the best of his knowledge the majority of the inhabitants were loyal and union-loving. Gen. Schofield appointed a provost marshal, and guards were at once stationed through the city to preserve order and prevent excesses. The in habitants of all ages, sex and color came from the houses into the streets, waving their hats and handercliiefs, and with words of greet ing and welcome: "We have been looking for you for a long time!". "You have got here at last." "God bless you," and many like ex pressions. One ancient dame greeted Gen. Terry and his staff with expressions of glad satisfaction, saying: "When I first seed you, I thought you was confedrct officers come looking up tobacco." The colored people seemed beside themselves with joy. All the hotels, and nearly all the stores, were closed, and the general ap pearance of the city indicated that the enemy had been evacuating for several days. They had destroyed about one thousand bales of cotton and fifteen thousand barrels of rosin, but a large portion re mained. Fifty pieces of heavy ordnance 1 , fifteen light pieces, and a large amount of ammunition were captured; about forty thousand bales of cotton were also secured. The Union loss, from February 1 1 until Wilmington was occupied on the 22d, was not over two hundred, officers and men, in killed and wounded, while that of the rebels was not less than one thou sand in killed, wounded and prisoners. 362 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [February, About four hundred Union prisoners, that had been brought to Wilmington for exchange, and which the rebels could not get away again, as Gens. Schofield and Terry were following their retreat in close pursuit, were now liberated. These were found to be in a most pitiable plight; a large number of them were crowded in the hospitals sick, wounded and in a starving condition, most heart rending to behold. These famished soldiers scarcely knew how to give vent to their joy at the arrival of the Union forces. They danced, and sang, and wept, and hugged their old comrades, and in every way manifested their gratitude on being rescued from inevi table starvation and death to be again restored to their friends. This meeting was of the most touching and affecting character. Among them were a number of the 97th P. V. who had been captured in the battles in front of Richmond and Petersburg. They were in a horribly famished condition. The only names that can now be obtained of these are Privates John W. Keeley and Alonzo Schuler, both veterans of Company F, captured at Strawberry Plains, Va., August 16, 1864, and Private John O Brine, substitute, Com pany F, who had been marked upon the rolls missing in action at Drury s Bluff, May 14, 1864. He was now found a prisoner at Wilmington, but for some unexplained cause he was in a very good condition, not having suffered from starvation like most of the un fortunates who fell into the enemy s hands. A Wilmington correspondent of the Herald, after the evacuation of the city, thus writes of the prisoners released: The Union prisoners had been confined at Camp Lamb, about a mile from the city. Their treatment was worthy of what might be inflicted by fiends from hell. Though the arrangements for general exchange have been completed at Rich mond, the starving process goes on. For three days before the evacuation those prisoners had not received a mouthful to eat. To the credit of the citizens, many attempts were made to relieve them; but the food was in all cases taken from them by order of the officer in command, and trodden into the ground before the eyes of the prisoners and the citizens. It was thought that four hundred were recovered ; but many were in a dying condition. All that has appeared in the public prints in regard to this matter utterly fails to prepare one for the awful reality. After nerving myself for the visit, and trying to picture all the horrors while riding slowly over the half mile to the house where they had been collected, my brain reeled for the moment when the sickening reality burst upon me. Offi cers came in, and those who never quailed on the field of death, whose cheeks had never blanched, there stood aghast, with tears in their eyes, grinding their teeth, clenching their hands and thanking God that there was a hell. Pale, hag gard and emaciated skeletons glared on us from glassy eyes where the light of 1865 -1 RELEASE OF STARVING AND DYING UNION PRISONERS. 363 reason was just expiring. With matted hair and skin blackened with pine smoke, scarcely covered with the filthiest shreds of cast-off rebel clothing, without blankets, and most of them without coats and shoes, half gazed at us with an al most idiotic stare, while the majority could with difficulty be roused from their listlessness. Many had forgotten their names; some could be roused and their memories quickened by asking them of their homes, their wives and Children, these magic words bringing them back from the grave into which they were sink ing so fast. Many were dying of starvation, with their hands clutching the bread our soldiers had brought them, and as they lay there dying, an old negro woman passed from one to another, tenderly smoothing their awful passage to the grave. Knowing that the authors of all this misery had escaped, it was consoling to repeat "Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord." Some extracts from a letter of an officer of the Regiment will serve to indicate that the 97th P. V. was doing its share of the important operations succeeding the capture of Fort Fisher : * The invincible army of Gen. Terry has been winning new laurels, and the Regiment, which proudly represents the good old counties of Chester and Delaware, has been doing its share of duty, braving its share of danger and winning its share of glory. We remained stationed near Fort Fisher until February 11, when we struck tents and marched out through our lines. Skirmishing soon commenced and continued during a greater part of the day. Capt. James Scott, 47tb N. Y., of Gen. Penuypacker s staff, was mortally wounded and died soon after a brave soldier lamented by all in his brigade. The enemy was driven within his works with little resistance. During the night, our troops threw up temporary works within a few hundred yards of their posi tion, where we held them and prepared for advance in other directions. * * After a rest of two days, commenced a series of marches and counter-marches, which resulted in flanking the enemy at Fort Anderson, causing them to evacuate their almost impregnable works and beat a hasty scamper in the direction of Wilmington. We gave them but little lime to rest, but were close upon their heels and kept "pegging, pegging, pegging away" at their rear until they reached a strong line of works, about five miles from the city, where they rallied and made a show of resistance, which lasted scarcely twelve hours. We had made every preparation for a determined assault on the 22d inst., and were fully expecting to tak Wilmington by storm; but, when all was ready, intelligence reached our lines that the enemy were evacuating. Forth with an advance was ordered, and, on the anniversary of Washington s Birthday, the stars and stripes were borne triumphantly into the city of blockade runners amid a great display of Union sentiment and a seeming welcome by the citizens which was really worth fighting for. * The casualties of the Regiment have been slight. Lieut. Haines, Company G, and Sergt. Bennett, Company H, died of their wounds, received at Fort Fisher. The health of the Regiment is good, and the men all eager to follow the retreating foe ; and hoping to be able to record more triumphant advances and decisive victories which will lead to a speedy close of the war. * * * HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [March, The defences of Wilmington were found to be extensive and of great strength, consisting of several formidable lines of earthworks, one of which ran through a populous street in the city and appeared to have been quite recently thrown up in great haste, and evidently intended as " the last ditch." The river was obstructed in several places by chained rafts and sunken vessels. Stockades and bat teries had been built on the shore, with the guns bearing upon the obstructions. Gen. Terry s troops, after entering Wilmington, pursued the enemy across Northeast River. Gen. Schofield now made prepara tions for the capture of Goldsboro , leaving Gen. Terry s command to occupy the city of Wilmington. He had already sent, by trans ports, to Newbern, five thousand troops, under Brig. Gen. I. N. Palmer, with orders to move toward Kinston at once to cover the workmen engaged in repairing the railroad. Palmer was soon re lieved of the command by Gen. Cox. Couch s division and Cox s, temporarily commanded by Brig. Gen. Reilly, were ordered to join, by a land march, the column moving from Newbern. Owing to the want of wagons for transportation, it was not until March 6 that the two divisions, commanded by Gen. Couch, could be moved from Wilmington, via Onslow and Bichland, toward Kinston. Cox had joined Palmer s force and pushed it to Wise s Forks, below South west Creek; and the work on the railroad was in rapid progress. The force in front of Gen. Cox, consisting of Hoke s division and a small body of reserves, had fallen back behind Southwest Creek. Gen. Cox had sent two regiments, under Col. Upham, 15th Conn., to secure the crossing on the Dover Road. The enemy, reinforced by a portion of the old Army of the Tennessee, recrossed the creek above the Dover Road and came down in rear of Col. Upham s position, surprised and captured nearly his entire command about seven hundred men. Hoke then advanced to penetrate between Gens. Carter s and Palmer s divisions, occupying the Dover Road and the railroad, respectively, but was checked by Gen. Rugers division arriving upon the field. Gen. Cox was then directed to put his troops in position, intrench them securely and await the arrival of Gen. Couch. The enemy pressed Cox s lines strongly, on the 9th, and felt for his flanks. On the 10th, largely reinforced, and doubtless aware of the ap proach of Gen. Couch s column, Hoke made a firm attack upon 1865.] ADVANCE TOWARD GOLDSBORO . IIOKE REPULSED. 365 Gen. Cox s left and centre, but was decisively repulsed, with heavy loss, and retreated in eonl usion from the field, leaving his killed and wounded; also a large number of arms and intrenching tools. During the night, he fell back across the Neuse River and burned the bridge. Cox s loss was about three hundred in killed and wounded that of the enemy about ft 1 teen hundred. Gen. Couch effected his junction with Gen. Cox on the following day. It now became necessary to rebuild the bridge, or await the ar rival of pontoons, to cross in pursuit of the enemy. By the 14th, this was accomplished and the crossing effected without opposition, the enemy having abandoned Kinston and moved rapidly toward Smithfield, to join Johnson s Army, then concentrating to oppose Sherman s advance from Fayetteville. Gen. Terry s command, at Wilmington, was occupied with the usual post and garrison duty. The 97th Hegiment had returned to the 2d brigade of the division, then commanded by Col. William B. Coan, 48th N. Y. On March 15, Gen. Terry received orders to join Gen. Schofield s advance, about to form a junction with Gen. Sherman s Army, then marching upon Goldsboro , N. C. Col. Abbott s brigade of the 1st division, l()th Corps, was left to garrison Wilmington, Brig. Gen. J. R. Ilawley was assigned to the command of the district. Terry crossed Cape Fear River on the 16th, and arrived on the 17th at the town of South Washington, situated on the southeast branch of Cape Fear River. On the 20th, a station known as Mount Olive, on the Wilmington and Gaston Railroad, was reached. The 97th P. V. came upon recently evacuated camps of the 17th Corps, a part of Gen. Sher man s force, where it encamped for the night. Early on the morning of the 21st, the march was resumed. Ar rived at Cox s Ferry, on the Neuse River, and encamped about 3 P. M. The 97th P. V. occupied the property of a Mr. J. H. Kirk- ham, his stables being used for the officers horses. The Regiment subsequently reoccupied these quarters. It was then reported that many of the residents of this vicinity had buried much valuable property to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy. Indi cations were noticed of the stable floors having been recently dis turbed; some men of the Regiment made search for the treasure; a box of jewelry, silverware and other valuables was found, of which Col. Wain wright took possession. The owner, Mr. Kirkham, 366 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [April, manifested much anxiety in regard to the occupancy of his buildings. Discovering that the box had been removed, he made inquiry at head-quarters in regard to it. His claim -to the property being regarded well founded, it was restored to him. Gen. Schofield s forces had inarched from Kinston on the 20th, and occupied Goldsboro , with but slight opposition, on the evening of the 21st. Gen. Terry s command, marching from the direction of Wilmington, had secured Cox s bridge crossing, and laid a pontoon bridge across the Neuse River, by the 22d, after a march of the most extraordinary character of more than seventy miles, over sivamps and rivers deemed impassable to others, at the most incle ment season of the year, drawing his supplies from a wasted country. For these movements, Gen. Sherman, in Field Orders No. 35, Head- Quarters Military Division of the Mississippi, dated in the field, near Bentonville, N. C., March 22, 1865, thanked Gen. Terry and his forces for the efficiency and promptitude of their co-operation. On the 22d of March, Gen. Sherman s Army appeared, coming in on the left, crossed the bridge laid by Terry s forces, at Cox s Ferry, and proceeded toward Goldsboro . Gen. Terry s forces also ad vanced, leaving the 10th Corps behind. On the 23d, at 7 A. M., the 10th Corps returned, marching over the route by which they came, to occupy the Wilmington and Gaston Railroad, distant about fifteen miles, reaching Faison s Sta tion in the evening, where the 97th P. V. again went into camp, very tired of the backward march. The Regiment remained at this place nearly three weeks. Four hundred and three recruits and conscripts were here received. To prepare these for immediate active service required constant drill during every interval from other duties of the command. On April 10, Gen. Terry s forces again moved upon the enemy s lines, taking the route toward Bentonville. On the llth, the 97th P. V. was detached and sent back to assist Gen. Kilpatrick s wagon train through the mud. It remained with the train as an escort and guard during the march, until the ad vance lines near Raleigh were reached on April 16. On this march the Regiment performed most arduous service, having to repair and build bridges and corduroy roads, much of the way being through swamp and morass, and over streams impassable until bridged. Upon arriving in the vicinity of Raleigh, the Regiment rejoined the brigade. 1865 -] JUNCTION WITH GENERAL SHERMAN S ARMY. 367 News of Lee s surrender to Gen. Grant, at Appomattox Court House, Va., was now received, with intense satisfaction, by the army operating in North Carolina. Upon the receipt of this glorious in- M 1 LEAN S HOUSE, THE PLACE OF LEE S SURRENDER. telligence, Gen. Sherman determined to force Johnson to surrender the second great army of the rebels without delay. He gave im mediate orders to drop all trains, marched his army rapidly through Bentonville, in pursuit of Johnson s Army to and through the city of Raleigh, reaching that place at 7.30 A. M., on April 13, in a heavy rain. The next day the cavalry pushed on, through the rain, to Durham s Station, Logan s 15th Corps following as far as Morris- villc Station, and Blair s 17th Corps to John s Station, on the supposition that Johnson would be compelled to adhere to the railroad as a line of retreat. Gen. Sherman had pushed forward the left wing of his army, under command of Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum, commanding the Army of Georgia, composed of Davis 14th and Mower s 20th Corps, followed by the right wing, under command of Mnj. Gen. O. O. Howard, commanding the Army of the Tennessee; throwing this heavy force across the bend in the railroad toward Ashboro , to intercept Johnson s retreat. Mean while Gen. Schofield was to hold Raleigh and its approaches, with the Army of the Ohio, and also to support the movement in pursuit of. Johnson, with his spare force, by an intermediate route. Owing to the rapid movements and masterly disposition of his forces, by Gen. Sherman, Johnson s Army was brought to a stand. 368 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [May, PLACE OP JOHNSON S SURRENDER TO SHERMAN. On April 26, 1865, after several attempts at negotiating terms of capitulation, Johnson surrendered his army to Gen. Sherman, at Bennett s house, near Durham Station, thus bringing to an end the armed rebellion which through four years of persistent effort, in volving untold sacri fices of life and at the cost of millions of treasure, exhausting every resource of power and prosperity had waged its desperate and fruitless warfare for the overthrow of the Nation. After Johnson s surrender, the 97th P. V. was ordered to lialeigh, N. C., and was encamped in the vicinity of that city until July 10, furnishing guard, outpost and safe-guard details. While at Raleigh, the troops were reviewed by Gen. Sherman. Brevet Brig. Gen. John S. Littell (colonel 76th P. V.) being in com mand of the brigade. Upon the recommendation of Col. Pennypacker, 1st Lieut. John Wainwright, who, as the senior officer remaining with the Regi ment, had been in command during most of the time since October, 1864, was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Regiment, and was mustered April 19, 1865, to rank from March 14, 1865. He had been previously recommended for promotion to captain of Com pany F and to major of the Regiment; but, owing to delays at head-quarters, the commissions were not received until after his pro motion to lieutenant colonel. Capt. William H. Martin, Company A, was also commissioned as major of the Regiment, to rank from January 15, 1865. The following details of special duty, upon which the officers of the Regiment served, while at Raleigh, Gaston, Weldon, Warrcnton, and other places, will specify some of the duties performed by the 97th P. V. On May 2, Company H, Capt. Theodore M Smedley, was de tailed, as a permanent guard, at Pettigrew Hospital, in Raleigh, 1865.] GENERAL PENNYPACKER*S FAREWELL LETTER. 369 N. C., and remained upon that duty until July 11. The company was then ordered, with the Regiment, to Gaston, N. C. On May 6, 1st Lieut. David W. Odiorne, Company D, was placed in command of Company G, which he retained about one month. Seven recruits joined the Regiment, at Raleigh, on May 9. On May 12, a general court-martial was convened at Raleigh, N. C., by an order of Brevet Maj. Gen. A. Ames, commanding 2d division, 10th Corps. The court met at division head-quarters, Col. William 13. Coan being president of the court. Maj. W. II. Mar tin, of the 97th P. V., was detailed and served as a member of the court during its sessions. Surgeon Nichols, of the 97th P. V., was appointed chief medical officer of the brigade, May 24, and continued in that position until July 12, 1865. Elwood P. Baldwin, 1st sergeant Company H, was promoted to 1st lieutenant and adjutant, to rank from May 26, 1865. About May 23, 1865, Brevet Brig. Gen. G. Pennypacker who was still confined to his bed, in the Chesapeake Hospital, at Fortress Monroe, Va., by the severity of his Fort Fisher wounds received, from the Secretary of War, a commission as brigadier general of U. S. Volunteers, having previously received a brevet commission for gallantry at Fort Fisher, lie, therefore, addressed the following message of farewell to the officers and men he had led so long and bravely and who had followed him so faithfully through many battles: U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL (OFFICERS DIVISION), FORT MONROE, VA., May 23, 1865. To THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE 97TH P. V. MY FELLOW SOLDIERS: Having been appointed, by his Excel lency the President of the United States, to the position of briga dier general of volunteers, my connection with you, as an officer of your organization, has ceased. In saying to you, hereby, my farewell, I wish to bear testimony to the very kind and cheerful manner with which my demands were ever met and to your general efficiency and good conduct. But, more than all, I must compliment you for the great name you have achieved in your corps and at your homes for deeds that were more than brave. You have stood firm where others might well have faltered. I have been one of your number so long that I think I know 24 370 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [ June and appreciate you, and when I ask you to strive to maintain, in the future, the good name you so honorably won and have borne in the past, I feel that I am not asking in vain. The glorious work in which we have been engaged, being so near a complete and successful termination, I must congratulate you upon the prospect of your soon being permitted to join again your relatives and friends at home. You have my warm thanks for your soldierly and courteous bear ing; my best wishes for your future prosperity and success; my prayers for your speedy and safe return. Farewell. May the bless ing of Heaven attend you. G. PENNYPACKER, Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols. Lieut. Col. John Wainwright was commissioned, on June 1, as colonel of the Regiment and mustered, by Lieut. B. Seward, A. C M., on June 15, 1865. Maj. William H. Martin was promoted to lieutenant colonel on June I, 1865, but was not mustered. Capt. Leonard R. Thomas, Company C, was commissioned major of the Regiment June 1, but was not mustered. On June 6, Col. Coan, 48th N. Y., relieved Brevet Brig. Gen. J. S. Littell in command of the brigade, Gen. Littell being then as signed to the command of the division. 1st Lieut. David Odiorne was appointed acting aid-de-camp on the staff of Col. Coan, 2d brigade, 2d division, l()th Corps. Brig. Gen. J. S. Littell, com manding 2d division, was mustered out on July 25, when Col. Coan took command of the division. Lieut. Odiorne was then relieved from duty upon brigade staff and appointed on division staff, and continued in that position until August 16, 1865, when relieved to be mustered out with the Regiment. Qr. Mr. Sergt. John H. Brower was promoted to quarter-master of the Regiment on June 7. David R. Cochran, sergeant Company G, was then promoted to quarter-master sergeant. Caleb Mercer, sergeant Company F, was promoted to commissary sergeant, same date. On June 20, Maj. Martin was sent to several plantations, about twenty miles from Gaston, to settle difficulties between the freedman and the planters, the former being unwilling to go to work without 18651 G ASTON AND WELDON, N. C. DETAILS AND PROMOTIONS. 371 some guarantee of compensation. He was absent four days, was everywhere treated well called meetings of the freedmen, and gave them instructions as to their duties in their new condition. On June 21, Maj. Martin was again detailed upon a military com mission convened at Raleigh, N. C., by order of Gen. Ames, and continued to serve upon the court-martial until July 20. Twenty-one recruits were received, on June 23, and assigned to Company K. On July 11, Companies A, B, E, F, H, I and K were ordered to Gaston, N. C., on the Roanoke River, at the junction of the Gaston and Petersburg Railroad, Col. John Wainwright being as signed to the command of that post. Companies C, D and G were ordered to Weldon, N. C. Maj. Martin being still engaged upon duty as a member of court-martial, at Raleigh, the command of this detachment devolved upon Capt. William S. Underwood, Company K, the senior officer present. Near the latter part of July, Companies A, B, F, H and I joined the companies at Weldon, leaving Company E at Gaston. Company G was sent to Halifax and Company K to Warrenton, N. C., at which place the men suffered much from sickness, principally fever and ague. On July 17, Capt. Dallas Crow, Company B, was detailed as pro vost marshal during the occupation of Gaston, N. C. The principal duty was to administer the oath of allegiance to about five hun dred men, forty women, and a dozen couples previous to their being married. During the remaining portion of its term of service, the 97th P. V. was engaged upon such duties as the exigencies of the situation and the condition of the people in their new relations demanded, affording protection to the inhabitants as needed. The officers were directed to co-operate with the agents of the Freedmen s Bu reau; securing the welfare, peace and order of the district in their charge, through maintaining respect to the authority of the govern ment, by all classes. It was found necessary to visit almost every section of the surrounding country, in order to inform the ignorant freedmen and more ignorant white laborers of theiV duties and rights, under the new order of things; and to urge upon all the ne cessity of returning to labor and the culture of the soil, from which they must draw their future sustenance. On August 28, 1865, the 97th P. V., after four years of arduous 372 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, and active duty, was mustered out of the service of the United States, at Weldon, N. C., by Capt. Augustus M. Erwin, 48th N. Y., Assistant Commissary of Musters. The officers and men then took passage upon the cars for Petersburg, and thence to City Point, Va., at which place they went on board the steam transport James Jerome, for Baltimore, passing Fortress Monroe, Va., on the night of August 29. The Fortress Monroe correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, in a communication to that paper, dated September 1, 1865, thus refers to the services of the 97th P. V.: VETERANS OF THE KEYSTONE STATE. At a late hour last night, the Ninety- Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, passed out of Hampton Roads and up the broad bay on their way to Baltimore. From the latter city, they will proceed by rail to Philadelphia, where tliey will be mustered out of the service, upon which their gallant deeds of arms have reflected additional lustre. This Regiment left the Keystone State, four years ago, under the command of Colonel Henry R. Guss. It is now commanded by Colonel John Wainwright. Among the veteran legions of Pennsylvania the old Ninety-Seventh takes an honored stand. Their victorious eagles have been borne from Washington to Petersburg, from the Peninsula of Virginia to the defences of Charleston. Their wild hurrahs rang out over Morris Island, and their avenging bayonets gleamed from the sloper, of Wagner and Gregg. From the rice swamps of the Palmetto State, they were summoned to the trenches before Petersburg. During the last winter of the war, they were sent to force the gates of Wil mington, N. C. They participated in the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C., where they were in the brigade of their gallant Colonel Pennypacker. On the 22d of February last, they unfurled their battle-torn banner in the streets of Wilmington. From the latter city, they marched to Goldsboro , where they joined the Army of Sherman. With him they swept to the capital of North Carolina, and in its shadow they sto.id, proud spectators, as the last organized army of the rebellion laid its arms at the feet of the defenders and preservers of Union and Liberty. The Regiment arrived in Philadelphia on September 2, 1865, where it was received by crowds of citizens, with demonstrations of enthusiasm, music and banners, and guns firing for the heroes of Fort Fisher. The number then upon the roster was about six hun dred, officers and men. At the depot, Broad Street and Washington Avenue, the line was formed; then marched down Washington Avenue to the Cooper Shop and Union Volunteer Refreshment Sa loons, where the men were entertained with the same bountiful pro vision which was extended to the Regiment, four years before, when setting out for the seat of war; being now provided for by the same untiring hands which had ministered to their comfort then. 1865.1 RETURN TO PHILADELPHIA AND FINAL DISBANDING. 373 These institutions, of which every citizen of Philadelphia may well feel proud, have given to the city a national reputation for hospitality and patriotism, which alone would indicate her un swerving loyalty and devotion to the cause in which so many of her truest and best sons have so faithfully served, and to maintain which, against traitorous hands that sought the nation s overthrow, so many of her bravest and best beloved gave their lives. The Regiment then proceeded to quarters at Camp Cadwalader, where, on September 4, the officers and men were paid by Maj. David Taggert, paymaster U. S. A., and the Regiment was finally discharged and disbanded. The following is a list of officers who returned with the Regiment with their rank and place of residence when first enlisted: FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel. John Wainwrigbt, 1st sergeant, Company F, West Chester. Major. William II. Martin, corporal, Company A, Christiana, Lancaster Co Adjutant. El wood P. Baldwin, 2d lieutenant, Company II; resigned and re- enlisted as private, Company H, West Chester. Quarter-Master. John II. Brower, private, Company F, East Vincent, Chester Co. Surgeon. Pennoek J. Nichols (recently assigned), Londonderry, Chester Co. Hospital Steward. Madison Lovett, private, Company A, Colerain, Lancaster Co. Quarter-Master Sergeant. David K. Cochran, private, Company U, Media. Commissary Sergeant. Caleb Mercer, corporal, Company F, Coatesville. Drum Major. John Weber, corporal, Company F, Oxford, Chester Co Fife Major. Milton S. Taylor, musician, Company H, West Chester. Sutler. George Blanchard (recently assigned), Philadelphia. Co. A. Capt. Robert L. Black, private, Coatesville, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. Franklin Clay Henry, private, Coatesville. 2d Lieut. Joseph Phillips, private, Ridley, Delaware Co. Co. B. Capt. Dallas Crow, private, Sadsburyville, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. David S. Harry, private, Cochranville, Chester Co. 2d Lieut. John B. Griffith, private, Coatesville, Chester Co. Co. C. Capt. Leonard R. Thomas, private, Mortonville, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. George W. Abel, private, West Chester. 2d Lieut. Charles Warren, private, Schuylkill, Chester Co. Co. D. Capt. Isiao B. Taylor, sergeant, East Whitelaud, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. David W. Odiorne, corporal, Ivy Mills, Delaware Co. 2d Lieut. John W. Brooks, private, Westtown. Chester Co. Co. E. Capt. Samuel D Smith, sergeant, East Goshen, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. John C. Nicholson, private, Philadelphia. 2d Lieut. John Sullivan, corporal, Thornbury, Delaware Co. Co. F. Capt. Lewis P. Malin, private, Sugarton, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. Isaac J. Nichols, private, Kimberton, Chester Co. 2d Lieut. John Elwood Huntsman, sergeant, Edgemont, Delaware Co. 374 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. [September, Co. G. Capl. Washington W. James, private, Bdgemont, Delaware Co. 1st Lieut. Isaiah Bird, private. Oxford, Chester Co. 2d Lieut. Jeremiah Yost, private, Media, Delaware Co. Co. H. Capt. Theodore M. Smedley, private, West Bradford, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. Phares P. Brown, corporal, Guthrieville, Chester Co. 2d Lieut. Isaac L. Dutton, private, Lower Oxford, Chester Co. Co. I. Capt. George W. Duffee, sergeant, Leiperville, Delaware Co. 1st Lieut. William H. II. Gibson, private, Chester, Delaware Co. 2d Lieut. George W. Middleton, private, Lazaretto, Delaware Co. Co. K. Capt. William S. Underwood, sergeant, Jennerville, Chester Co. 1st Lieut. William Sullivan, private, Warren Tavern, Chester Co. 2d Lieut. John W. Thompson, private, Hopewell, Chester Co. About fifty re-enlisted veterans returned with the Regiment, all of whom had been promoted as commissioned and non-commissioned officers. During the term of its service, it was the fortune of the Regi ment to be engaged in front of the three principal cities on the southern coast, viz.: Savannah, Ga., Charleston, S. C. and Wilming ton, N. C. It also participated in most of the engagements that took place in front of the two principal cities in Virginia Peters burg and Richmond, as well as in the operations that secured the occupation of Raleigh and Goldsboro , N. C. It was associated with five of the grand armies of the Union, viz.: Army of the Department of the South, Army of the James, Army of the Potomac, Army of the Ohio, with Sherman s Army at the surrender of Johnson and the occupation of Raleigh, N. C., and at the final surrender of Johnson s Army. Many of its dead lie buried in the States of Pennsylvania, Mary land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and in some of the cemeteries of New York and Long Island. While in the Department of the South, the Regiment suffered much from sickness, such as chronic diarrhoea, intermittent, conges tive and yellow fevers, and other diseases incident to a Southern climate. Many of those discharged during the service and of those who returned at the final muster-out, had contracted incurable diseases from climatic exposure. It is unnecessary, as well as impossible, to recount the numerous testimonials of admiration and commendation which the 97th P. V. has, at various periods, received from commanding officers under whom it served, for its promptness, its discipline, its steadiness and gallantry in every emergency, which have secured for it a place in the front ranks of well-tried veterans. 1865 -J OFFICIAL RECORD OF ENGAGEMENTS. 375 That the record of this Regiment has not been more widely known, in connection with the important events with which it par ticipated, may be owing to the circumstance of its having had no ftpccial correspondent of some sensational newspaper, to herald to the world the gallant deeds of daring and bravery its officers and men strove more to perform than to proclaim. The official record of the most important operations in which the Regiment was engaged is here given as transcribed from the list filed in the Adjutant General s Office at Ilarrisburg. NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. SECOND BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, TENTH CORPS. Col. Henry R. Guss; Col. G. Pennypacker, Brig, and Brevet Maj. Gen. U. S. A.; Col. John Wainwright. Fort Clinch and Fernandina, Fla,, March 5, 1862. John s Island, S. C.. June 7, 1862. James Island, S. C., June 10, 1862. Secessionville, S. C., June 16, 1862. James Island, S. C., July 16, 1863. Morris Island, S. C., July 18, 1863. Forts Wagner and Gregg, S. C., September 7, 1863. Swift Creek, Va., May 9, 1864. Drury s Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864. Chester Station (Foster s Place), Va., May 18, 1864. Green Plains, Va., May 20, 1864. Cold Harbor, Va., June 3 to 12, 1864. Petersburg Heights, Va., June 15, 1864. Cemetery Hill, Va., June 30, 1864. Mine Explosion, Va., July 30, 1864. Deep Bottom (Strawberry Plains), Va., August 16, 1864. Weir Bottom Church, Va., August 25, 1864. Charles City Road, Va., October 7, 1864. Darby Town Road, Va., October 27, 1864. Fort Fisher, N. C., January 15, 1865. Wilmington, N. C., February 22, 1865. Organized at West Chester, Pa., July 25, 1861, by Col. II. R. Guss, for three years. Reorganized as a veteran Regiment, at Fer nandina, Fla., March 16, 1864. Mustered out of the service, at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865. 376 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. The Record of the Regiment gives, in addition to these, the fol lowing actions in which it encountered the enemy s forces: Proctor s Creek and Fort Darling, Va., May 14, 1864. Wier Bottom Church Road, May 16, 1864. Deep Bottom, Va., August 14, 1864. Sugar Loaf Hill, near Wilmington, N. C., February 11, 1865. Fort Anderson, N. C., February 19, 1865. Surrender of Johnson near Raleigh, N. C., April 26, 1865. The Regiment also participated in the following important sieges and captures: Siege of Fort Pulaski, Ga., February and March, 1862. Capture of Fort Clinch and Fernandina, Fla., March 5, 1862. Siege of Charleston, S. C., April 7 to July 7, 1862. Capture of Legareeville, John s Island, S. C., June 5, 1862. Occupation of James Island, S. C., June 9, 1862, and the reoccu- pation on July 9, 1863. Siege of Forts Sumter, Moultrie, Johnson; Wagner and Gregg, on Morris Island, S. C.; July, August and September, 1863. Capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg, Morris Island, S. C., Sep tember 7. 1863. Capture of Camp Cooper, Fla., February 10, 1864. Capture of Woodstock and King s Ferry Mills, on St. Mary s River, Ga., February 16, 1864. Action with rebel cavalry, near Woodstock Mills, February 22, 1864. Capture of Bermuda Hundred and City Point, Va., May 6, 1864. Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, Va,, June, July, August, September, October, November and December, 1864. Occupation of Raleigh, N. C., April 13, 1865, RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. 377 CHAPTER XII. RECRUITING SERVICE; FIRST DETAIL, AT FORTRESS MONROE, VA., DECEMBER 8, 1861; SECOND, JANUARY 1, 1862; THIRD, SEPTEM BER 2, 1862; FOURTH, OCTOBER 24, 1862, ALL AT HILTON HEAD, S. C.; FIFTH, AT MORRIS ISLAND, S. C., JULY 22, 1863. HEN the Regiment left West Chester, November 16, 1861, Companies I and K not having the re- quisite number of men, it became necessary to adopt means for securing the enlistment of recruits. At Fortress Monroe, Va., Col. Guss received au- thority to send home a recruiting party. He there fore issued an order, detailing upon that service 1st Lieuts. Thomas S. Taylor, Company H, and Sketchly Morton, Jr., Company. I; Sergts. John E. Davis, Company D, and R. Powell Fithian, Company K. Those officers were directed to proceed to Pennsylvania and establish re cruiting rendezvous at West Chester and Chester. They left Fortress Monroe on December 8, 1861, for New York. Lieut. Taylor established his head-quarters at West Chester and Lieut. Morton at Chester. They visited various localities in both counties, held several meetings, posted hand-bills, giving notice of the places of rendezvous for recruits, etc. They succeeded in get ting about twenty-five men, and collected beside a few convalescent soldiers who had been left behind sick when the Regiment marched from Camp Wayne. Lieut. Taylor was relieved from recruiting service, January 10, 1862. After closing his accounts and collect ing his men, Lieut. Taylor started from West Chester, January 20, having about thirty men in his charge. Two deserted at the West Chester depot. He reported, in Philadelphia, to Lieut. Col. C. F. Ruff, and received orders to go by way of Baltimore and Fortress Monroe, Va. At Baltimore, he received information, from the cap tain of a boat just starting, that no transportation could be had 378 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. from Fortress Monroe for several weeks. He then reported to Gen. Dix, commanding department, who furnished him with the proper papers, with orders to return and report in New York. He had in his charge a wagon load of boxes for soldiers of the Regiment from their friends and some for the hospital. These were a great hindrance and expense, having to be carted twice across Baltimore and Philadelphia, owing to the mistake of being ordered to take the Fortress Monroe route. Upon arriving in New York, after much trouble and delay, the men were quartered in the White Street barracks, and remained there about a week awaiting transportation to Port Royal, S. C. His men were examined, in New York, by an inspecting surgeon. A few were rejected and sent home. One was left in Baltimore sick, another in Philadelphia and two deserted at Wilmington, Del. The first vessel that sailed, and upon which they embarked, was the Matanzas, Capt. Liesgang, a clever old Scotch gentleman. When only a few hours at sea they encountered a violent storm. The voyage was prolonged, in consequence, about two days. Their provisions were spoiled by the sea water. Lieut. Taylor obtained some from Lieut. Stanzer, of the 100th N. Y., whose provisions es caped damage. Upon arriving at Port Royal Harbor, the vessel was ordered immediately to Beaufort, S. C., to land cargo, the men not being allowed to land at Hilton Head. This detained them on board two days longer, when the vessel returned to Hilton Head. Lieut. Taylor found only a few sick soldiers at the camp of the Regiment, in charge of Dr. Smith, hospital steward. He received orders, at head-quarters, to take command of the camp. After a few days, he was ordered to join the Regiment, then at Warsaw Sound, Ga., with the men under his command. The detachment reached Warsaw on February 12, 1862. His recruits, fifteen, that remained of the number with which he started, were then mustered into the service. In order to keep the ranks of the regiments, serving during the war, from becoming reduced below the standard required for com panies and regiments, by loss from casualties and disease, orders were issued from the War Department, early in December, 1861, requiring the detail of recruiting parties, to consist of two or more commissioned officers, with a limited number of non-commissioned officers and privates from each regiment, to be sent to the localities from which the different regiments were recruited, to serve upon RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. 379 that duty for a period of six months; to be then relieved by order or by a new detail for the same duty. The first detail, in pursuance with these orders, from the 97th P. V. was made at Hilton Head, S. C., by the following order: HEAD-QUARTERS, E. C., HILTON HEAD, S. C., January 2, 1862. Special Order No. 3. In compliance with Paragraph III of General Orders No. 105, from head-quarters of the army, dated Washington, D. C., De cember 3, 1861, the following named officers and non-commissioned officers are detailed for recruiting service, for the six months ending June 30, 1862, and will report to Capt. 11. I. Dodge, 8th Infantry, Harrisburg, Pa.: Capt. Isaiah Price; 1st Lieut. Sketchly Morton, Jr.; Sergts. R. Powell Fithian, John C. Brubaker, Jeft eris T. Massey and John J. Barber, 97th P. V. By order of BRIG. GEN. T. W. SHERMAN. L. H. PELOUZE, Capt. loth Infty., A. A. A. G. Three of the number, detailed in the above order, were already upon recruiting service in Pennsylvania, vi/.: Lieuts. S. Morton, Jr., and J. J. Barber, and Sergt. R. P. Fithian. Capt. Price and Sergts. Brubaker and Massey embarked on the Arago, at 9 A. M., January 3, 1862; arrived in New York at 2 P. M. on the 6th; thence proceeded to Harrisburg, Pa., reporting, on January 8, to Capt. 11. 1. Dodge, 8th Infantry, Superintendent of Recruiting Service in Pennsylvania. The party was, by that officer, assigned to duty as follows: Capt. Price and Sergt. R. P. Fithian at West Chester, Pa.; Lieut, S. Morton, Jr., and Sergt. J. C. Brubaker at Chester, Delaware Co.; Lieut. J. J. Barber and Sergt. J. T. Massey at Oxford, Chester Co. They continued upon recruiting service at those places during the months of January, February, March and April, 1862. But little success, however, at tended their efforts, owing to the influences referred to in the second chapter of this work. The recruits obtained by this detail were forwarded semi-monthly to Harrisburg, Pa. Some of them were subsequently forwarded to the 97th Regiment, but quite a number were sent to other regi ments, either through being permitted to choose for themselves, or 380 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. from other influences, by which means the 97th Regiment failed to obtain the full benefit of its officers efforts to fill up its ranks. The recruiting service was regarded a most onerous duty by those engaged upon it; absence from their Regiment became most irksome and distasteful, more especially as it was realized that they were missing the opportunity of training and the experience of service in the field. Capt. Price made several earnest efforts to have his party relieved and sent back to the Regiment ; by application to Capt. Dodge, Superintendent of Recruiting Service, at Harrisburg, and also addressed a letter to the Secretary of War, April 28, 1862, urging the granting of his request. About May 5, 1862, he re ceived notice from the Superintendent to collect his detail, close up accounts, and report at Harrisburg with the recruits on hand, pre paratory to rejoining the Regiment. The recruiting party reached that city on May 6, and were re lieved from that service. Capt. Price was then placed in charge of a small detachment of recruits, with orders to rejoin the Regiment; started at once, reaching New York, at 10 P. M., where the men were placed in barracks at White Street. On May 7, Capt. Price reported to Col. C. H. Tompkins, U. S. quarter-master, at New York, to obtain subsistence and transporta tion for his detachment. Embarked May 15, 1862, on board steam ship Oriental, Capt. Tuzo, for Port Royal. Sailed from New York at 9 A. M., with prospect of a safe voyage, until midnight of the 16th, when the ship went ashore on Bodice Island, near Cape Hatteras, N. C. There seemed no apparent cause for the disaster, which could only be attributed to gross neglect on the part of those on the watch at the time, or of design. There was considerable alarm at first among the passengers until assured of no immediate danger. Morning was awaited with irrepressible anxiety. The white foam of the surf upon the beach was plainly visible. The surf con tinued to move the vessel still further toward the shore, notwith standing the efforts made by Capt. Tuzo to haul her head off shore by carrying a heavy anchor out into deep water, to which a hawser was attached, which, being made fast to the capstan, was kept taut that the force of the waves might gradually work her head off the beach. A large portion of the cargo, consisting of quarter, master s stores, was also thrown overboard to lighten the ship, at which the recruits for the 97th P. V. worked for several hours most faithfully with the other troops on board; but all efforts were un- RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. 381 availing. By morning, the northeast wind had increased to a gale and the danger from the storm became every hour more imminent. Preparations were then made for landing the passengers, among whom were several ladies; also Gen. R. Saxton, Governor of South Carolina, and some members of his staff; Capt. J. P. Johnson, an accomplished seaman and commander of the transport steamer Boston, and Mr. Charles Making, chief engineer of the steamer Cosmopolitan, the latter having with him a crew of four or five men who were tried and reliable seamen. When it became a matter of importance to get a hawser ashore, to facilitate the saving of life, by reason of the prevailing north east gale and few remaining hours of daylight, Mr. Making over heard the officers (Gen. Saxton, Qr. Mr. Moore and Capt. Tuzo) consulting about the possibility and manner of getting ashore, with a hawser, upon such a heavy sea. He then reported what he had heard, to Capt. Johnson, and said to him if he (Capt. Johnson), dared make the attempt, he and his men would join him. Capt. Johnson replied, "We both know your five men, and I will volun teer to do it with them." They lost no time in setting about their perilous task, which was successfully accomplished, though their boat was overturned in the surf upon the beach by the violence of the waves. Upon the return of the boat from the shore, the ladies and some of the officers were next sent off, a line being attached to the hawser to keep the boat in control. It was a critical venture, owing to the violence of the waves, which every hour became more rough; this boat was also tossed over, and only the prompt vigilance of the boat s crew who seized the ladies and carried them ashore, saved them from being swept away by the dashing waters. A hammock was then swung from the cable, by which the remaining passengers were sent ashore, one at a time, without touching the water, the shore end of the hawser being secured high enough to swing the hammock clear. By the time the passengers were all landed it was nearly dark. The storm drove wildly against the beach, rendering the prospect of an unsheltered night, upon a desolate coast, most cheerless. The ladies had been sent to the only habitation on the island, a small cabin, about a mile distant. Some of the passengers bivouacked under the lee of the sand banks, with their gum blankets, and others wandered off to a deserted old cotton house, in sight across the flats, and found more comfortable quarters. By next morning, 382 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the ship had been driven inshore by the gale and the surf, cutting its way through the sand until her bow almost overhung the dry land. It was now no difficult task to land the baggage of the pas sengers and provisions for sustenance until relief could reach us. Capt. Tuzo placed several large sails at the disposal of the pas sengers for shelter, whereupon the recruiting party of the 97th P. V. set to work to build a tent, finding plenty of spars upon the beach, and soon had comfortable quarters for all. Soon after the vessel struck upon the bar, an officer, a passenger on the steamer, while passing near the open hold, was thrown down by a sudden lurch of the vessel, striking his head against the bottom timbers of the ship ; he was picked up senseless and carried to the cabin, where he received every attention possible, and, after the shelter was prepared on shore, was taken there upon a lounge, still suffering much and only partially conscious. When the safety of the ship was assured, by the abatement of the storm, he was taken on board to more comfortable quarters. It is not known whether he recovered or not, nor is his name now remembered. After the storm had abated, the crew and several passengers re turned on board the ship, now fast aground and in no possible danger. Chaplain Whitchead, of the 97th P. V., returning from leave of absence, had joined the party at New York. In the labor of pre paring the shelter he was a most active and efficient assistant and when completed was rather zealous in asserting the proprietorship of his party over the improvised caravansera. A couple of fellow passengers, who had kindly fulfilled Capt. Tuzo s request to Capt. Price to have a lady passenger s trunk safely stowed in the tent when completed, having carried it from the beach, sat it down near the middle of the tent; seeing which the ardent chaplain, thinking it an innovation of the proprieties of the new domicil, promptly ordered them to remove it, which the said individuals, not exactly used to such imperative commands, quietly declined to do, whereupon the chaplain seemed likely to reassert the order with the force of his party to back it; of which he seemed to have no manner of doubt, until informed that the gentlemen, in placing it there, had only fulfilled a request of Capt. Price, on behalf of Capt. Tuzo and the lady passenger, and had no disposition to violate the order of the tent. The incident served to show, however, that our chaplain would be no sinecuribt in a defensive skirmish or a time of danger. RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. 383 Upon first landing, a messenger had been dispatched, by a sail boat, upon an inland passage, to communicate with Glen. Burnside s fleet, either at Hatteras Inlet or on Uoanoke Island, distant nearly sixty miles, in order to have a vessel sent to our relief. On May 19, the steam transport George Peabody, Capt. Traverse, arrived from Hatteras Inlet, accompanied by Lieut. W. J. Ellis. Assistant Quarter-Master U. S. A., who rendered efficient assist ance in taking up the passengers and their baggage, returning to Hatteras Inlet the same evening. The party remained on board the George Peabody until May 22; then embarked on board the steam transport Albany, Capt. Lewis, for New York. The Albany was one of Gen. Burnside s fleet, and was a miserable unscaworthy craft, having the appearance of a canal barge, with an upper deck built upon it and engines placed in it, and was not such a vessel as any one would voluntarily undertake a voyage in from Philadelphia to Cape May with any very certain prospect of returning safely. Capt. Johnson had accompanied the party on the tug, intending to take passage also; but, seeing how matters looked, remained upon the tug. As it was about to cast off, Capt. Price, observing Capt. Johnson still on the tug, asked if he was not going along. He smiled and replied, " Not if he could help it." Calling a hasty council with his men, Capt. Price stated his views of the shaky-looking condition of the vessel and said, " I will leave it to you whether we go on her or wait for a better-looking ship." They all said, " We are tired of staying here. If you will risk her we will." They, therefore, re mained on board the frail craft, which arrived safely in New York on May 24. The recruits were placed in quarters, at Franklin Street barracks for subsistence, to await another vessel. On May 29, embarked on U. S. steam transport Ericsson, and arrived at Port Royal, S. C., June 2; applied immediately at U. 8. Quarter-Master s Office for transportation to North Edisto, where the Regiment was supposed to be. Gen. Hunter s expedition against Charleston had just sailed for Charleston Harbor. Gen. Hunter had boarded the Ericsson as it came in the harbor to meet his family who were on board. Capt. Price, desiring to have his party join the Regiment without delay, applied to Gen. Hunter for permission to transfer his men to the steamer as she- lay alongside, and was informed by Gen. Hunter that he would with pleasure allow him to do so if it were at all certain the troops had started upon the march. He thought the best plan would be to go to Edisto and 384 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. from there to Stono River if the Regiment had left the former place. Finding no vessel ready for Edisto before June 4, the delay was vexatious but inevitable; then embarked on the steamer Cosmo politan, arriving at Edisto at 7 P. M., on the 4th, and found the camp of the Regiment in charge of Capt. McConnell, of Company E, then an invalid. The Regiment had marched, on June 2, toward Charleston. On the morning of the 5th, again embarked on the Cosmopolitan, which proceeded to Stono River, and landed at Legareeville, John s Island, S. C., where the Regiment had just arrived; reported to Col. Guss, with party for duty, with the following named recruits: Wil liam Smith, enlisted March 27, 1862; Thomas P. Williams, enlisted April 7; William Wilson, enlisted April 17; all for Company K ; Henry T. Gray, March 10, for Company A, and Joseph Wetherill, March 10, for Company C. There had been previously forwarded to the Regiment the fol lowing named recruits enlisted by the detachment, viz.: Amos Y. Harry, January 1, 1862; James Feely, January 6; Charles L. Gunkle, January 13; James N. Foley, January 13; Aaron J. Phipps, January 18,; Theodore Beerbrower, January 21; Sebastian Keeley, February 6; William J. McCarter, February 7; Johnson Wallace, February 7; Jacob G. Lemp, February 14; Levi B. Walker, Fe bruary 15; Samuel McHenry, February 19; John Welsh, February 21,; Joseph R. Montgomery, February 24; Lawrence Fennings, February 26, all for Company K; making twenty recruits forwarded to the Regiment. Four recruits were rejected by the examining surgeon: John A. Dodd, Cecil County, Md.; William Bush, Ulster, Pa; Byard C. Daily, Chester County, and Dominick Rodgers, West Chester. Two re cruits, William Jameson, of Tyrone, Ireland, and Worthington C. Hawkins, of Philadelphia, deserted and were never recaptured. The next detail for recruiting service was made at Hilton Head, S. C., on September 10, 1862, by the following order: HEAD-QUARTERS 97TH P. V., HILTON HEAD, S. C., September 10, 1862. Special Orders No. 14. In pursuance of General Orders No. 88, from the War Depart ment, Adjutant General s Office, Washington, D. C., dated July 25 ? 1862: Capts. Francis M. Guss, Company A; William Wayne, Com- RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. 385 pany K; Sergts. John E. Davis, Company D; Patrick Carter, Com pany E; Lee A. Stroud, Company F; Corps. William H. Martin, Company A; Gerhard Reeder, Company B; John R. Miller, Com- pany C; William P. Hayman, Company I; William E. Davis, Company K; Privates Samuel Lloyd, Company G, and Robert L. Ains worth, Company H, are hereby detailed and authorized to pro- eeed to West Chester, Pa., on duty connected with the recruiting service of this Regiment. By command of LIEUT. COL. A. P. DUER. IST LIEUT. JOHN J. BARBER, By command of Act g Adjt. 97th P. V. BRIG. GEN. JOHN M. BRANNAN, Comd g Dept. Capt. Guss and detachment left Hilton Head, S. C., September 12, on the steamer Ericsson, arriving at New York on the 15th; pro ceeded at once to their homes in West Chester and vicinity, where they remained for a few days; then reported to Capt. R. I. Dodge, 8th Infantry, U. S. A., Superintendent of Recruiting Service at Har- risburg, Pa. Capt. Guss, with a portion of the men Was assigned to duty at West Chester, and Capt. Wayne, with the remainder, was stationed at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. Success in recruiting was very limited. No notes or record of this service were pre served from which to give a detailed statement. From the com pany records, it appears that on October 12, 1862, three recruits joined the Regiment for Company A. These were Henry Albright, enlisted September 23, 1862; Robert M. Eisenbeis, September 23, and J. Sylvester Young, September 25. On November 18, 1862, two recruits joined for Company A: Caleb B. Moore, enlisted Oc tober 16, and Allison Gibson, October 17. Capt. Guss and recruiting party were relieved about December 12, 1862, and rejoined the Regiment, at St. Helena, on December 25, having in charge the following recruits: Joseph Y. Norton, en listed October 5, 1862, and John G. Herkins, October 22. for Com pany G; William Miles, October 27, and another recruit, name and date not given, for Company K; William Day, October 28, for Company A; making in all eleven recruits obtained bv the detachment. Capt. William Wayne did not return to the Regiment, having tendered his resignation in consequence of impaired health from exposure and malaria incident to the climate of the south He 25 386 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. was honorably discharged, on January 19, 1863, by order of the War Department. As an officer, he possessed the confidence and respect of all and was much beloved by his company. His loss from the Regiment was very much regretted, both on account of his sterling merit and social worth. The third recruiting party was detailed, at Hilton Head, S. C., about October 24, 1862, consisting of Capts. William McConnell, Company E, and George W. Hawkins, Company I ; Sergt. Isaac J. Burton, Company A, and one man from each of the other com panies. A copy of the order or a list of the names has not been obtained. They were directed to proceed to Pennsylvania to re lieve Capts. Guss and Wayne upon that service. Capts. McConnell and Hawkins and their men reported at Harrisburg, Pa., some time in November, 1862, and were directed by Capt. Dodge, Superinten dent of Recruiting Service, to proceed to the counties of Chester and Delaware and take charge of the recruiting service in that dis trict. It has been found impossible to obtain any account of this service, owing to the subsequent death of both the officers above named. Their success was quite limited. They continued upon that duty until relieved, in April, 1863, and were then ordered to return to the Regiment, which they rejoined, at Seabrook Point, S. C , on April 25, 1863. On July 22, 1863, at Morris Island, S. C., by direction of Gen. Gillmore, Capt. D. W. C. Lewis, Company F, and Capt. Caleb Hoopes, Company G, were detailed by Special Order No. 422, Head- Quarters Department of the South, dated July 22, 1863, to proceed to the rendezvous for drafted men and recruits in Pennsylvania, in order to receive and conduct to the Regiment the requisite number of men to fill it to the maximum number of one thousand and forty men; two hundred and ninety being required. The following men were detailed to accompany them: Corps. John T. Taylor, Company A; Harvey Highet, Company B; Levis Beidler, Company C; Hillary Fox, Company G; Privates Abram Fawkes, Company D, and John W. Edwards, Company F. At 10 A. M. on the 22d, the detail went on board a small steamer in Light House Inlet for transfer to the ocean steamship Arago. bound from Hilton Head to New York, and due off Charleston bar at 2 P. M. The steamer hove in sight by the time the harbor vessel reached the bar. The party was soon standing on the deck of the steamer in joyous anticipation of meeting their families and RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. 387 friends, after an absence of nearly two years. Adieus were made to a few brother officers and soldiers, who had accompanied them, who were now to return to duty and danger at the front. The lines were cast off and the signal given to start. It was hardly reali/cd that their faces were really turned homeward until the land receded from view. The weather was fine and the steamer made splendid headway. There were nearly five hundred on board, exclusive of the wounded. Upon comparing notes as to the seniority of commission, in order to ascertain the officer entitled to the command of the troops, in conformity with standing orders of the Secretary of War, it was found that Capt. Lewis was the ranking officer; but, being an invalid, he declined to take command. During the first night at sea, Capt. Lewis, being upon deck and looking over the side, noticed the vessel seemed to strike something floating in the water every few minutes. Upon calling Capt. Gadsden s attention to this, he ascertained it was cotton bales evidently thrown overboard from a blockade runner, which no doubt had mistaken his steamer for a man-of-war and was trying to escape. As soon as it was sufficiently light for observa tion, a line of bales could be seen reaching far away to the horizon where a faint line of black smoke indicated the position of the frightened blockade runner. The course of the Arago was along the outer edge of the Gulf Stream. After a short consultation with the officers on board, Capt. Gadsden concluded to give chase and gave the order to " bout ship. Arrangements were then made to prepare the ship for action. Fortunately, there was on board a ser geant with a small detachment of Capt Hamilton s Battery (3d U. S. Art y). The sergeant was placed in charge of the armament of the vessel, consisting of two thirty-pound rifled Parrott guns and two thirty-pound smooth-bore pieces. A detail of his men soon prepared ammunition for the guns. Details were made from the infantry and cavalry troops on board to assist in working them. By 8 A. M., the chase was at the utmost speed of both vessels, the blockade runner heading for Nassau. The excitement on board the Arago became intense as she gained perceptibly upon the fugi tive. By 12 M., her lower rigging and hull could be discerned, her smoke-stack rolling out immense volumes of black smoke, indicating that her commander was making every effort to escape. But these were of no avail, as the Arago gained rapidly, and by 3.30 P. M. had closed the distance between the vessels to less than 388 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. three miles. The order was then given to fire a gun as a signal to lay to, but there was no disposition to regard the summons. The order was then given to put a shot across her deck, which was quickly done by the accurate aim of the artillerymen. Two others followed in rapid succession. The fourth shot cut the rigging and sent the spars down over their heads, when the fleeing craft lay to and hauled down their flag (British) in token of surrender. A boat was lowered from the Arago, and an officer with a guard sent to take possession of the prize thus captured after an exciting chase of thirteen hours. She proved to be a Clyde-built steamer, named the Emma, commanded by Capt. Leslie, forty-eight hours from Wilming ton, N. C., when discovered being loaded with cotton and rosin, bound for Nassau. In trying to make her escape, during the night, they had thrown overboard about two hundred bales of cotton. The officers and crew of the prize were transferred to the Arago, and a hawser attached to the prize, when the prow of the Arago again turned northward. The officers and crew, when brought on board the Arago, were found to be the most crest-fallen set of Johnny Bulls imaginable. It was their first venture, with the exception of the captain, who was an old hand at the business. The prospect of an inside view of a " Blarsted Yankee Prison" was anything but agreeable to them. The Arago arrived safely in New York Harbor with her prize, on Sunday, July 27, creating quite an excitement in that city. The detachment, under command of Capt. Lewis, took cars the same evening, and arrived in Philadelphia on the morning of the 28th, at 2 o clock. Reported the same day for duty at department head-quarters, and were ordered to Camp Cadwalader. The officers and men were subsequently permitted to visit their homes for a short time. But they remained upon duty chiefly at Camp Cadwalader until October 29. At this time, orders were re ceived by Capt. Lewis to take charge of .a detachment of men as signed to regiments at different stations in the Department of the South; among them a number for the 97th P. V. He had with him, on the return, Corps. John T. Taylor, Company A; Levis Beidler, Company C, and Hillary Fox, Company G. They sailed on the steamer Rebecca Clyde, from Philadelphia, October 29, and had a stormy passage to Fernandina, Fla., where the Regiment was then stationed. Capt. Hoopes, with Corp. Highet, Company B, and Privates RECORD OF RECRUITING SERVICE. Abram Fawkes, Company D, and John W. Edwards, Company F, was placed in charge of a similar detachment within a few days after the departure of Capt. Lewis. They left Philadelphia on the trans port Beaufort, about November 4, for Hilton Head and Fernandina, having also detachments of men for regiments at the former place. Capt. Lewis, with his detachment, having in charge two hundred and eighteen substitutes and conscripts for the 97th P. V., arrived at Fernandina, November 5, 1863; and, on November 14, Capt. Hoopes arrived with his detachment, having in charge seventy sub stitutes and conscripts, a total of two hundred and eighty-eight men for the Regiment. An account of the means taken to land these men and bring them into subjection to the authority of the officers is elsewhere given; also the assignment of the men to the different companies. About the middle of September, 1864, Col. Pennypacker, being desirous of having the depleted ranks of his Regiment refilled, made application, at department head-quarters, to have an officer detailed to proceed to the rendezvous for recruiting service in Pennsylvania, to endeavor to obtain the requisite recruits, substitutes or drafted men. For this service, Maj. I. Price, of the 97th P. V., was detailed in the following order: HEAD-QUARTERS DEPARTMENT VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, IN THE FIELD, VIRGINIA, September 15, 1864. Special Order No. 254. * * The following named officers will proceed to the rendezvous of their respective States for the purpose of obtain ing recruits or drafted men to fill up the commands to which they belong. Their absence not to exceed fifteen days. ***** Maj. Isaiah Price, 97th Pa. Vols. ***** By command of MAJ. GEN. BUTLER, [Signed] R. S. DAVIS, A. A. G. HEAD-QUARTERS !()TH CORPS, September 16, 1864. Official. [Signed] CHARLES H. GRAVES, A. A. G. HEAD-QUARTERS, 2o DIVISION, I()TH CORPS, September 16, 1864. Official. [Signed] R. A. DAVIS, Captain and A. A. G. 390 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Being delayed at Fortress Monroe several days, awaiting transpor tation for the discharged men of his late company, returning with him, Maj. Price arrived in Philadelphia and reported at the draft rendezvous, on September 26, when the following endorsement was placed upon his order: HEAD-QUARTERS RENDEZVOUS DRAFTED MEN, PHILADELPHIA, PA., September 26, 1864. Official. [Signed] CHARLES E. ETTING, Captain and A. A. G. Upon making application for recruits, and urging Col. Penny- packer s desire to have the Regiment filled, Maj. Price was informed that nothing beyond the usual course of assignment, by official di rection from head-quarters, was possible; that he could only file his application and await further notice. He then proceeded to Harrisburg, where he had an interview with Gov. Curtin, by whom he was most cordially received. The application to have the Regiment filled was urged to the best of his ability. The assurance was given, by the Governor, that every effort would be made to forward the men required to the Regiment at as early a time as possible. Maj. Price, having been mustered out of service, on Septem ber 17, 1864, was deprived of the opportunity to extend his efforts officially beyond the time named in the order detailing him upon this service. He had the satisfaction, however, of hearing, soon after making his report in writing to Col. Pennypacker, at his bri gade head-quarters, near Petersburg, Va., that sufficient recruits and drafted men were received by the Regiment, at Chapin s Farm, Va., to give it the minimum aggregate for a regiment. There were subsequently received about four hundred and three recruits and drafted men, at Faisson s Station, N. C., about April 1, 1865, which filled the Regiment to the maximum number. These men had mostly entered the service for one year. They were discharged with the Regiment, at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF FIELD OFFICERS. CHAPTER XIII. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF FIELD OFFICERS WHO COMMANDED, AND SOME OF THE STAFF OFFICERS WHO SERVED WITH, THE NlNETY- SEVENTH REGIMENT DURING THE MOST EVENTFUL AND ARDUOUS PERIOD OF THE WAR. HE history of the Ninety-Seventh Regiment would be incomplete if, to the preceding pages, was only added the roster of names borne upon its muster rolls, that present briefly the record of each officer and man who served with the Regiment. The qualities of personal character of some of those prominent in their connection with the com mand, and with the responsibilities encountered, bear so close a relation to the brilliant achieve ments secured, that these may safely be said to have resulted largely from the force of character that gave direction to the movements of the Regiment; educating it to the highest standard of capability as an effective, reliable force, thus enabling it to reach the enviable position it occupies with the invincible host of Pennsylvania and national troops. To omit some more definite reference to these influences, than could be given in connection with the narrative of the service, would be a grave disregard of the sources from which the Regiment derived chiefly its ability to win the good name and the opportunity to wear the laurels that have crowned its efforts upon many fields of service during the memorable period of the war. It, therefore, becomes the duty as well as the pleasure of the his torian, to present here biographical sketches of some of those thus closely identified with the services and success of the organization they feel honored in having served with; claiming only for them selves the motive influence of an honest, patriotic purpose, that was alike the incentive to action of all, of whatever rank or position, 392 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. who shared in the toils and duties of the camp, and encountered together the dangers of the field. All are alike deserving in the remembrance and the gratitude of their countrymen and of pos terity. HENRY R. Guss, COLONEL NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYL VANIA VOLUNTEERS; BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL AND BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. VOLS. Henry Ruhl Guss was born July 28, 1825, at Chester Springs, Chester County, Pa. His father, Samuel Guss, also a native of Chester County, was of German descent, born July 4, 1796. In 1836, he removed to West Chester, where he remained until his death, May 11, 1859. He became a large property holder, and added much to the improvement of that part of the town known as South Walnut Street. He was well known throughout the county and held in high esteem. Henry R. Guss received his education at the neighboring day- schools and at Joshua Hoopes Academy, in West Chester. It em braced all the branches of a liberal English education. Upon the organization of that well-known and favorite volunteer company, the National Guards of West Chester, in 1846, he was one of its first members. On September 11, 1854, he was commissioned, by Gov. William Bigler, as 1st lieutenant of the company, and on June 6, 1859, he became its commanding officer, having received a commission, as captain of the National Guards, from Gov. William F. Packer. He continued in command until the beginning of the war. With his company, he then entered the three months service. The organization was well disciplined, and one of the best mili tary companies of the State. Every member of the company, who was physically able, entered the army at the outbreak of the late rebellion, and all who remained in service during the three years term became officers. When the first call for troops was issued by the President of the United States, Capt. Guss, with the National Guards, was found practically responding to the call. He called out the company and received the names of all who desired to volunteer for the service. On April 21, 1861, he left West Chester and proceeded to Har- risburg with over three hundred as effective men as could be raised HENRY R. GUSS, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. VOLS. 393 in Chester County. At Harrisburg, the men were placed in Camp Curtin. Three companies were formed of their number and as signed to the 9th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Col. Henry C. Longnecker, of Allentown, being designated as com panies A, E and F. The commissioned and non-commissioned officers of these three companies were mainly selected from the National Guards. Capt. Guss was offered a position as colonel of another regiment, but de clined acceptance, desiring to remain with the men he had brought into the service. His commission as captain in the three months service was issued by Gov. A. G. Curtin, and designated him to the command of Company A, National Guards, 9th Regiment P. V., 1st brigade, 1st division, of the Counties of Chester and Lancaster, and was dated April 24, 1861. While at Camp Curtin, Capt. Guss frequently exercised the old members of the National Guards in the various movements, which were so well executed that encomiums were showered upon the men from all sides. Their proficiency in the heavy infantry drill was conspicuous. The Guards were considered the best drilled company in the camp during their stay at Harrisburg. Their commanding officer had been untiring in his efforts to make the men proficient. Although entering the service on April 19, 1861, Capt. Guss and his men were not mustered until the 22d. The 9th Regiment was first ordered to West Chester, where, in conjunction with the llth P. V., it was the first to occupy Camp Wayne, preparing for the active duties of the field. Leaving Camp Wayne, on May 26, the 9th Regiment was ordered by railroad to Hare s Corner, at the intersection of the road leading from Wilmington to New Castle, in the State of Delaware. After remaining there about ten days, the regiment was ordered to join Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson s command, at Chambersburg, Pa., where it arrived, by railroad, on June 7, and went into camp outside the town. Here the regiment was brigaded with the 2d and 3d U. S. Infty. Regiments and the 13th and 16th P. V. It was the 4th brigade, commanded by Col. Dixson S. Miles, 2d U. S. Infty., in Brevet Maj. Gen. George Cadwalader s division. From this time, to the date of its muster-out, the 9th Regiment was continually kept on the march and counter-march. It forded the beautiful Po tomac River to the Virginia side, into Berkeley County. The National Guards, headed by Capt. Guss, were the first Pennsylvania 394 HISTORY OP THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. troops to cross the Potomac west of Alexandria. The regiment en camped upon a portion of the battle ground the night following the engagement at Falling Waters, Va.; then marched to Martins- burg, Bunker Hill and Charlestown, encamping at each place for a short period. The term of service having now expired, it was ordered, from the latter place, to Harrisburg, passing through Harper s Ferry and Hagerstown. The regiment was paid and mustered out of service on July 29, the troops returning home. On July 25, 1861, Capt. Guss received a commission as colonel, with authority, from the Secretary of War, to raise a regiment for the three years service, in the (then) 7th Congressional District of Pennsylvania, composed of Chester and Delaware Counties. Upon his return home from the three months service, he immediately set about recruiting the same. He was assisted in this patriotic work by several gentlemen who had served under him in the three months campaign, and who had obtained some practical knowledge of the duties of a soldier, and by some others whose co-operation he invited, from his belief in their ability to promote his object and to render effective service. The first company was mustered on August 22, 1861, and the last on the 29th of October following. When the necessary equipage was furnished, the Regiment was exercised, in company and bat talion drill, by Col. Guss and his field officers, with great assiduity; inspections were regularly had, and vigorous measures taken to make the Regiment effective. Strict discipline was enforced and close attention paid to the cleanliness and health of the men. The 97th P. V. was ordered to Washington, on November 16, 1861, via Philadelphia and Baltimore; thence to Fortress Monroe, Va., and subsequently to the Department of the South. It arrived at Hilton Head, S. C., on December 15. Here the Regiment was brigaded in the Expeditionary Corps, under Brig. Gen. (since major general) Horatio Gates Wright. Col. Guss commanded his Regiment during the expedition that resulted in the reduction of Fort Pulaski, Ga., the occupation of Fort Clinch, Fernandina, Jacksonville, and other important points on and near the Florida coast, early in 1862, and through the arduous James Island (S. C.) campaign, in the following summer, with marked ability, as is well attested by the oificial records. He was highly complimented by Gen. Wright and by Col. Robert Wil liams (1st Mass. Ca\alry), commanding brigade, for the manner in HENRY R. GUSS, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. VOLS. 395 which he maneuvered his command in action, both at Grimball s Plantation, June 10, 1862, where he commanded the forces engaged, repulsing the enemy, and at Secessionville, June 16, 1862. The complimentary letter of Col. Williams to Gov. Curtin, and the orders issued by that officer complimenting his troops, are given in previous pages of this history. On August 1, 1862, Col. Guss was assigned to the command of the most important post in the department Hilton Head by Gen. Hunter, which command he retained under the subsequent adminis trations of Gens. Brannan and Mitchcl until September 22, and from October 30 to November 10, 1862, when he returned to the command of his Regiment. He was afterward placed in command of the post of St. Helena Island, S. C., where his Regiment was sent to recuperate the health of the men, many of whom were prostrated with intermittent and yellow fevers. During his ad ministration as post commander, both at Hilton Head and St. He lena, Col. Guss made many warm friends and deservedly attached to him his entire command and the civilians at the post; discharging his duties to the utmost satisfaction of the commanding general. Gen. Hunter, having decided to organi/e the contrabands of the department for service as troops, orders were issued to commanders of regiments to forward the application of such non-commissioned officers and men as were qualified and desirous of accepting pro motion in the colored regiments; in complying with which Col. Guss addressed some inquiries and suggestions to Gen. Hunter, which elicited the following reply: HEAD-QUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, HILTON HEAD, PORT ROYAL, S. C., March 11, 1863. COL. H. R. Guss, Commanding 97th P. V., COLONEL: I am instructed, by the major general commanding, to acknowledge the receipt of your communication as to non-commis sioned officers of your regiment, who are recommended for commis sions in the South Carolina regiments now in process of being organized, and to thank you for your kindly interest in the matter. None of the non-commissioned officers, serving in regiments destined to take part in pending operations in another quarter, will, even, if selected for commissions, be relieved from duty with their present regiments until after the termination of the operations re ferred to. 396 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. The major general commanding thanks you for your suggestions, and will be happy to make these commissions a reward for those deserving non-commissioned officers who cannot find the promotion earned by their merit in the regiments to which they belong. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your most obe dient servant, CHARLES G. HALPINE, Tenth A. C. and Dep t South. A. A. General. When Gen. Hunter organized his second expedition against Charleston, in April, 1863, he assigned Col. Guss to the command of the 1st brigade in Gen. A. H. Terry s division of the 10th Corps. Upon the return of the expedition, which was unsuccessful, Col. Guss was ordered successively to the command of the posts of Edisto and Botany Bay. He was relieved at the latter place by Brig. Gen. George G. Strong, in June, in order to participate in the active movements about to be renewed in the direction of Charleston. Upon the cessation of active operations and the withdrawal of Gen. Hunter s command, about May 1, 1863, before receiving notice of his appointment to the command of Botany Bay, Col. Guss, having served continually since November 16, 1861, applied for twenty days leave of absence, in order to visit his home. This ap plication was forwarded to Gen. Hunter s head-quarters through Brig. Gen. T. G. Stevenson, commanding United States forces on the Edisto. It was by Gen. Hunter referred to Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry, for his examination and return, as follows - E. B., 765, D. S., 1863. Respectfully referred to Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry for his recom mendation. This application shows on its face that Col. Guss made it before being aware of having been placed in command of Botany Bay Island. By command of MAJ. GEN. HUNTER, Received May 8, 1863. CHARLES G. HALPINE, A. A. G. This was returned, by Gen. Terry, endorsed as follows: HEAD-QUARTERS UNITED STATES FORCES, HILTON HEAD, S. C. May 9, 1863. Respectfully forwarded with the recommendation that leave be granted to this very exemplary and deserving officer. ALFRED H. TERRY, Brig. Gen. Commanding Post. HENRY R. GUSS, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. VOLS. 397 The application was returned from department head-quarters, en dorsed as follows: E. 13., 805, D. S., 1863. HEAD-QUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, HILTON HEAD, S. C., May 11, 1863. Respectfully returned through Gen. Thomas G. Stevenson. The services of Col. Guss cannot be spared, at the present time, from the command of Botany Bay Island. * * * By command of MAJ. GEN. HUNTER. CHARLES G. H ALPINE, A. A. G. About this time, Gen. Hunter was relieved of the -command of the department, by Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, who immediately commenced active operations on James, Folly and Morris Islands. Col. Guss was again entrusted with a most important command, that of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th Corps, on Morris Island, which position he held, without interruption, during the arduous and active operations that followed, including the assaults upon and the siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg, in which his command actively parti cipated until the entire island was wrested from the enemy. It is sufficient testimony to the courage and ability of Col. Guss, to know that he was selected by Gen. Gillmore to leacj the "forlorn hope" in the final assault of Forts Wagner and Gregg, on the morn ing of September 7, 1863, the storming party to consist of the 97th P. V. and the 3d N. II., both of his brigade. He was highly com plimented, by Gens. Gillmore and Terry, for his promptness and gallantry in leading his command to the attack, the evacuation not being discovered until his forces reached the parapet of the works. On October 1, 1863, Col. Guss, with the 97th P. V., was ordered to Fernandina, Fla., where he was directed to relieve the command ing officer at that post and to take command of the United States forces at that place. He administered his responsible and delicate duties courteously and impartially, to the satisfaction of both the army and the citizens, and deservedly attained the respect and con fidence of the entire community. He retained command of the post of Fernandina until April 1, 1864, when he received his first leave of absence to accompany the re-enlisted veterans of his Regi ment home on a thirty days furlough. He rejoined the Regiment on May 14, 1864. Gen. Gillmore im mediately assigned him to the command of the 1st brigade, 3d divi- 398 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. sion, 10th Corps, then with Gen. Butler s Army of the James at Bermuda Hundred, Va. He retained this position, during the active operations on the south side of the James, until June 2, 1864, when, for reasons of a personal nature which being known to the officers of the Regiment, who, while deeply regretting, admitted the necessity of the step he tendered his resignation, which was duly accepted by the command ing general on June 22. He accordingly returned home, parting with the officers and men just as the Regiment was leaving camp, at Bermuda Hundred, to return to the front of Petersburg, on June 23, 1864. All felt deeply sensible of having lost an officer who had been to them a true friend. In the record of the Regiment organized in the 7th Congressional district, the people have just cause of pride; the brave and self- sacrificing conduct of its officers and men in the field will never be forgotten by them. But it must be borne in mind that the or ganization owes its formation, and in great part its subsequent effi ciency and good discipline, to Col. Guss, its first commanding officer, who brought it to such a state of perfection as to entitle it to be recognized as second to none in the old 10th Corps. By the officers and men of his Regiment and brigade he was highly esteemed both as a gentleman and soldier. His bravery and patriotism in the field were only equalled by his gentlemanly deport ment and kindness at home. There he has always been known as an unpretending and unobtrusive citizen; in the service he was dis tinguished as an unpretending yet efficient soldier. The charac teristics that made him popular at home served him better in the field, being emphatically a man of deeds, not words. Deeds there availed far more than words. He was in all the battles, skirmishes, sieges and captures in which his command was engaged until his discharge. In action he was cool and brave, and always ma- nosuvered his troops to the best advantage. He was one of the senior colonels from Pennsylvania, who entered the three years service, and was one of the most efficient officers, as a brigade com mander, in the old 10th Corps. On May 21, 1867, upon the recommendation of the Hon. John M. Broomall, member of Congress from the district, Col. Guss re ceived promotion from the Secretary of War, Hon. Edwin M. Stan- ton, to brevet brigadier general, and on June 17, 1867, to brevet major general U. S. Vols, to date from March 13, 1865, "for faithful G PETSTNYPACIKEFv, TJ. S.-A-, G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 399 and meritorious services in the field during the war," commissions being received August 5, 1867. The following is the letter of Mr. Broomall, upon which these promotions were issued: WASHINGTON, D. C., May 17, 1867. Ho\. EDWIN M. STANTON. SIR: I have the honor most respectfully to ask that the brevet appointments of Brigadier and Major General of Volunteers may be conferred on Henry 11. Guss, late colonel of the 97th Regiment Pa. Vols., a gallant and brave officer, for meritorious services in the field during the war. Enclosed please find a short statement of the services of Col. Guss, which I hope may meet favorable consideration. [Signed] JOHN M. BROOMALL, M. C. Gen. Guss continues to reside in West Chester, which has always been his home, where he is respected as a worthy unobtrusive citi zen, who never sought or held civil office. GALUSHA PENNYPACKER, COLONEL NINETY-SEVENTH P. V., BRIGA DIER GENERAL AND BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. V.; COLONEL SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, U. S. ARMY, AND BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL AND BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. The primogenitor of the family of Pennypacker, in America, was Heinrich Pannebacker, who was born in March, 1674, probably near Crefelt, on the Rhine, emigrated to Pennsylvania prior to the year 1702, and settled on Skippack Creek, in Philadelphia (now Montgomery) County. Heinrich was naturalized in 1730, and died April 4, 1754, aged eighty years and two weeks. His descendants settled principally in the adjacent counties of Montgomery, Berks and Chester, though various members of the later generations found their way into Vir ginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi, their names being found upon the records of those States in connection with positions of im portance and trust. Some of the family have left their names upon the rolls, showing that they had served their country during the Revolutionary contest and the War of 1812-15. Matthias Pennypacker, a grandson of Heinrich, removed from Skippack in 1774 and purchased a mill on Pickering Creek, in Chester County. He was a bishop of the sect of Mennonites, a 400 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. man of extensive authority and influence, of great benevolence and justice, of whom it is recorded that " to needy neighbors and strug gling young men, who came to borrow of his substance, he loaned freely, without interest and without taking note, bond or mortgage. Toward the close of his life he declared that through this practice he had never lost a penny."* Joseph J. Pennypacker, grandson of Matthias, was the father of Galusha, the subject of the present sketch. He resided, during the early life of his son, near Valley Forge. He subsequently served as volunteer aid-de-camp upon the staff of Maj. Gen. Worth, during the Mexican war, after which he became a resident of California. His mother, a lady of wealth and many accomplishments, was Tamson A. Workizer, the only daughter of John and Sarah A. Workizer, of Valley Forge. She died when her son (the only child) was three years old. Galusha was born, June 1, 1842, at the his toric locality of Valley Forge, in a house occupied by Gen. Wash ington during a portion of the time his troops were encamped in that vicinity and where so many privations were encountered and hardships endured, calculated to impress the very soil with fitting influences for the nurture of future patriots. His boyhood was passed on a farm near Phcenixville, Pa., under the care of his pa ternal grandmother, Elizabeth F. Pennypacker, whose faithful train ing and guardianship contributed largely to qualify him for the eminent service he has rendered his country. He received a liberal academical education in Chester County. At the instance of his grandmother, he had entered the office of the Chester County Times, at West Chester, to learn the printing busi ness, with a view toward an editorial career, and was soon entrusted with the charge of a column devoted to matters of youthful interests. He, however, was about to commence the study of law, at the age of eighteen years, when the rebellion broke out in 1861. His "youthful tastes and natural bent" being toward a military life, he had, while a printer boy, joined the volunteer company of National Guards, at West Chester, commanded by Capt. (afterward colonel and brevet major general) H. R. Guss, which was one of the first to respond to the call of the President for troops. The drill and discipline of this company, through the efforts of its com mander, had reached a point of excellence second to none in the * Annals of Phcenixville and Vicinity, by Sarnuel W. Pennypackcr, Esq. G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 401 State. Pennypacker, therefore, soon became thoroughly proficient in the various movements, evolutions and discipline requisite to the perfection of soldierly training. The writer s first acquaintance with the subject of this sketch began, in the printing office, previous to the war. Frequent business transactions with the office gave opportunity for observing his de portment and business qualities. These were noticed to be of the first order, evincing reliability in whatever depended upon his care. It became preferable to entrust the required business to his hands, thereby insuring its prompt and correct fulfillment. His life out side the printing office had also been somewhat observed. His de portment was ever genial, cheerful, correct and manly in all respects, indicating a healthy and robust nature that enjoyed life fully, with heart and conscience untroubled and unembittered by any evil in fluences. Alter three years of active service together, with better opportunity for observation, these qualities were found to be the leading distinguishing traits in his military career, contributing largely to that success in the performance of every duty, which has secured for him unperishing fame and honor as one of the nation s defenders. In the wider, more arduous and responsible sphere of duty upon the field, there was called forth every energy of his young and ardent nature, in the fulfillment of trusts from which more expe rienced heads and maturer years might well shrink. To these he brought the same prompt energy and application that characterized his earlier work, and accepted the sterner duties which the pa triotism of his heart recognized as demanding the best efforts of his life. These observations are recalled, at the threshold of this sketch of his military service, not for the mere purpose of eulogy, but to indicate those qualities that had been recognized, appreciated and regarded with great satisfaction when entering the service, as giving assurance of reliability in the officer selected to fill the third place in command of the Regiment. When the news of the firing upon Fort Sumter reached West Chester, that locality shared in the general uprising of a loyal people in defence of nationality. Young Pennypacker, then in his nineteenth year, was one of the number who marched with Capt. H. R. Guss Company to Harris- burg in response to the call of the President for troops. He had 26 402 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. previously been appointed a sergeant in the National Guards. The company was assigned to the 9th P. V., and designated as Company A. Upon the organization of the 9th Regiment, at Harrisburg, on April 22, Sergt. Pennypacker was appointed quarter-master sergeant of the regiment, declining the 1st lieutenancy of Company A, on account of his youth, which position his company had elected him to fill and was acting regimental quarter-master during most of the three months service. He brought to the discharge of the duties of his position such admirable administrative ability and attention as elicited approbation from the entire command. The regiment being; assigned to the command of Mai. Gen. */ Robert Patterson, advanced with his column into Maryland and was engaged in the defence of the border counties of Pennsylvania and Maryland; principally in the vicinity of Williamsport, Harper s Ferry, Martinsburg and other localities on the Upper Potomac. On July 29, 1861, Qr. Mr. Sergt. Pennypacker was honorably discharged with his regiment at Harrisburg, upon the expiration of its term of service. While returning to West Chester, he received authority, from Col. H. R. Guss, to enlist the first company for a regiment that officer had been authorized by the Secretary of War to recruit. Such was the confidence in his capacity and discretion as to prompt his selection for the first place in the line of company officers. Gathering about him some of the best young men who had shared in the three months campaign, Capt. Pennypacker began the or ganization of his company. On August 22, 1861, he was mustered into the service of the United States, for three years, as captain of Company A, 97th P. V., with eighty-three men, and on August 30 his company was filled to the maximum number. It first encamped in Everhart s Grove, West Chester, where it was properly organized and equipped, under his personal super vision, and entered upon the course of drill and discipline which soon made it one of the most efficient companies in the service. Upon the occupation of Camp Wayne, after the organization of other companies for the Regiment, Capt. Pennypacker was placed in com mand of the camp, thus entering upon a more extended range of duties and responsibilities. To these it was soon apparent he would bring that earnest and persistent attention to every detail of duty requisite to and which becomes an essential element in all success. G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 403 Immediately after being mustered into the service, Capt. Penny- packer was authorized, by Lieut. Col. (since brevet brigadier general) C. F. Ruff, U. S. A., mustering officer at Philadelphia, to muster the officers and men of the remaining companies of the Regiment, which service he performed to the entire satisfaction of that officer. Soon after the occupation of Camp Wayne, Capt Pennypacker was designated major of the Regiment, by Col. H. R. Guss, in which grade he was mustered on October 7, 1861. As other companies were being organized, Maj. Pennypacker gave attention to the proper making out of requisitions for subsis tence for the troops, for the arms, accoutrements and equipment of the men, and for the necessary camp and garrison equipage for the Regiment, and to the proper distribution thereof to the com panies. Giving instructions to the company officers relative to the accounts to be kept, and the necessary vouchers, etc., to be filed for future and final settlement of their responsibilities to the govern ment; he was careful to impress upon each officer under his command the importance of this duty and the necessity for perservation of the original muster rolls and records of their companies. His experience as acting quarter-master in the three months service applied efficiently and practically, as Maj. Pennypacker always applied whatever ability he possessed, to the advancement of every purpose or duty devolving upon him was of eminent ad vantage to the Regiment, In addition to other duties at Camp Wayne, Maj. Pennypacker found time to devote much attention to the preliminary drill and preparation requisite to qualify the Regi ment for active service. In the prompt attention given to every detail of duty there was manifest a proficiency Irom which it was evident, before leaving Camp Wayne, that should the exigencies of the service devolve the command of the Regiment upon its junior field officer, he would be found in every respect competent and qualified. Leaving Camp Wayne, November 16, 1861, his Regiment was first ordered to Washington ; thence, after a few days, to Fortress Monroe, Va., remaining there until December 8, 1861 ; then ord ered to the Department of the South, arriving at Port Royal, S. C., December 15, joined the troops at Hilton Head, S. C. In the transfer of the Regiment, from the points named, Maj. Pennypacker was prompt in co-operation with his commanding officer and ren dered efficient aid in the embarking arid disembarking of the troops. 404 BISTORT OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. During the voyage to Port Royal, prolonged several days beyond the usual time by a storm, Maj. Pennypacker s presence among the men, in his round of inspecting their quarters and condition, was greeted with such pleasure as men fresh from their homes, in their first experiences with the hardships and privations attending the new duties before them, naturally would welcome the pleasant face and the cheering word that manifested an interest in their welfare, on the part of their young commander, who had already won their confidence and regard. In January, 1862, he was detailed upon a general court-martial, convened at Hilton Head, S. C., by order of Gen. Sherman. With his Regiment, in Gen. H. G. Wright s brigade, he partici pated in the operations against Fort Pulaski, with that portion of the force that engaged the attention of the enemy at Warsaw Sound, Ga. The troops remained upon the vessel for several weeks; much fatal sickness ensued. Under such circumstances, with the best care and discipline, men often become more or less demoralized in feeling toward those having command over them. In those trying days, the presence and influence of Maj. Pennypacker, young in years yet ripe in the wisdom of feeling for those under his command, was ever salutary and inspiring; disarming discontent and repining at inevitable discomfort, by the kind interest and appreciation mani fested in efforts to relieve, as far as possible, their condition. When passing among the men, on the transports, it was evident in every face, that met the genial, youthful glow of his, how welcome his presence was to them. This testimony is borne by many in the ranks. Yet he was always decided and firm in all the requirements of duty, exacting rigorous and faithful performance thereof from every officer and soldier under his command, securing the confidence and respect af all. Fort Clinch, Fernandina and Jacksonville, Fla., were next occu pied by Gen. Wright s forces. At the latter place, Maj. Penny- packer was engaged with his Regiment upon important duty at the front, as picket guard, reconnoitering the enemy s position, and in repelling their attempts to regain possession of the place. In command of scouting parties, Maj. Pennypacker manifested energy and efficiency becoming one of maturer years. He also co operated actively with his commander, Col. H. R. Guss, in keeping up the regular drill and discipline of the command at that post, within sound of the drums in the enemy s camp. Following the G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 405 evacuation of Jacksonville, Gen. Wright s brigade was ordered to North Edisto to prepare for tho advance upon Charleston, S. C. During these movements, Maj. Pennypacker was constantly upon duty with his Regiment. By close and careful study of the pre scribed military tactics and the revised army regulations, he had thoroughly qualified himself for every duty which he might be called upon to fulfill. He was, therefore, prepared to exercise the Regiment, and if need be the brigade, in the most intricate move ments with the readiness of a veteran officer. In the first advance upon Charleston, early in June, 1862, he marched with his Regiment across John s Island, S. C., and was with it upon the reconnoissance, made on the left flank of the ad vancing column, on June 7, to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy, and was engaged in the skirmish with their cavalry scouts, when some prisoners were captured. During the occupation of James Island, S. C., from June 9 to July G, 1862, he was constantly engaged upon active duty in the presence of the enemy, whose lines were quite close to our own. The picket duty was rendered most arduous and perilous, by the un usual severity of the firing on both sides and the evident determi nation of the rebels to render the occupation of James Island most difficult and precarious; the rebel forces frequently attacking the lines during the night with great vigor. Maj. Pennypacker was always present with his Regiment when detailed upon this duty and contributed, in a great degree, by his coolness and unflinching courage, to secure the steady and unwavering line which the 97th P. V. always presented to the enemy. On June 10 and 16, in the actions at GrimbalFs Plantation and Secession ville, Maj. Pennypacker was at his post, actively co-ope rating with his brave and judicious commander, Col. H. 11. Guss, and by his self possession and admirable bearing in the thickest of the fight, was an influence of inspiration and courage to the men, tending largely to secure the brilliant record made by the Regiment upon both occasions. The details of these actions being fully given, in other pages of this work, will make unnecessary any further reference here. In the engagement at Secessionville, when the disaster of an un successful assault became a test to both officers and men, Maj. Pennypacker was remarked for his calm, clear and cool judgment and bearing in the performance of his duty, thereby increasing the 406 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. confidence already felt in him as an officer whom reverses could not swerve from any duty or danger. Upon the evacuation of James Island, Gen. Wright s brigade again occupied Edisto. A short interval of relief from active ser vice ensued, during which Maj. Pennypacker rendered efficient as sistance in perfecting the training and discipline of his Regiment, to prepare it for still more effective usefulness in the field. On August 18, 1862, the Regiment returned to Hilton Head, S. C. Col. Guss being assigned to the command of that post and Lieut. Col. Duer detailed upon court-martial, at Beaufort, S. C., the command of the Regiment devolved upon Maj. Pennypacker, the duties of which were fulfilled with marked ability and faithfulness. An incident may serve to show the estimation he had unobtru sively gained with officers of rank and influence in the department, who had observed him in the performance of his official duties. The writer being present at a meeting of officers serving in the de partment convened at that post, by the lamented Maj. Gen. O. M. Mitchel, for the purpose of personal acquaintance and intercourse with the officers of his command was conversing with Col. H. R. Guss when Brig. Gen. (now major general) A. II. Terry came up and exchanged salutations of friendly greeting with both. He im mediately inquired for Maj. Pennypacker, who had not yet arrived. He then said, " Colonel, you have a most excellent and deserving officer in Maj. Pennypacker; I like him very much; he will make his mark in the service or I am very much mistaken." During the winter of 1862-63, little of importance occurred to note in this sketch; Maj. Pennypacker, with his Regiment, was performing such duties as pertained to his rank during an ordinary campaign. In January, 1863, he was detailed upon a general court-martial, at Beaufort, S. C., and was engaged in the trial of an important case, growing out of the conflict of authority between the civil and military jurisdictions, during the administration of Gen. Rufus Saxton, Territorial Governor of South Carolina. In February, 1863, Maj. Pennypacker was detailed as a member of the board of examiners of officers, for the Department of the South- of which board Gen. A. H. Terry was President and was engaged in that service until relieved in April following. His selection for this service was in recognition of the eminent qualifi cation he brought to this service with the board. G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. AUMY. 407 In the second campaign against Charleston, which began in May. 1863, by the inoccupation of Etlisto and John s Islands, the com mand oi the Regiment more frequently devolved upon its major. Col. Guss being assigned to the command of a brigade and Lieut. Col. Duer detailed upon court-martial and other detached service. On April 22, the Regiment was transferred from Col. Guss to Brig. Gen. T. G. Stevenson s brigade, at Seabrook Point, on John s Island, much against the wishes of the colonel and the entire Regi ment; but, acquiescence in orders being a part of every soldier s duty, it became the pleasure also of officers and men to endeavor to show, by their prompt and cheerful compliance with every duty under their new commander, that the Regiment could prove its re liability by endeavoring to attain the first place in his regard and confidence, which it had hitherto held in that of previous brigade commanders. Toward this effort, Maj. Pennypacker devoted every stimulant of precept and example. He soon became known throughout the command as a most able and efficient officer, whose ambition and determination were to make his Regiment thoroughly proficient in every requirement of military duty. He instituted a most thorough and exact performance of guard duty, strictly in ac cordance with the prescribed regulations, and entered upon a daily course of drill and discipline of the Regiment, in battalion and bri gade movements, which received the attention and secured the hearty commendation of Gen. Stevenson, the brigade commander. Both officers and men were held up to the highest point of pro ficiency, by his personal influence, in the exact fulfillment of every duty. With such a commander the Regiment could lose none of its efficiency acquired under its able and worthy colonel. While at Seabrook Point, the picket duty was performed by the regiments in turn, remaining at the front for a week continuously. The enemy were in close proximity and made frequent demon strations of attack, resulting in a brisk action on June 18, 1863. For the rapid, orderly and prompt march of his Regiment, more than two and a half miles to the support of the line attacked, Maj. Pennypacker received the thanks of Gen. Stevenson after the re pulse of the enemy. The second occupation of James Island, in July, 1863, was at tended by the same arduous and perilous duty as the preceding year. Maj. Pennypacker, with his Regiment, was upon active duty with Gen. Terry s division, and participated in the engagement at 408 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Stevens Landing, on July 16, when the enemy made a desperate but fruitless attempt to drive Gen. Terry s forces from the island. The next link in the record we are tracing was the campaign upon Morris Island, S. C. During Gen. Terry s operations on James Island, Gen. Q. A. Gillmore had succeeded in obtaining pos session of the southern end of Morris Island, having secretly erected earthworks upon the north end of Folly Island, which gave him command of the position. This was followed by the advance upon, and unsuccessful assault of Fort Wagner on the evening of the 14th of July. A second assault occurred on the night of July 18, in which the 97th P. V. participated, with Gen. Stevenson s brigade, and was engaged, after the assault became a disaster, during the remainder of the night in maintaining a defensive line at the front and in se curing the wounded from the slopes and about the palisades of the work. Maj. Pennypacker participated actively with his Regiment, during the action, and remained with it at the front until relieved, at dark, on the ensuing night. Gen. Gillmore then determined to reduce Forts Wagner and Gregg by a regular line of approaches across the low marshy sand flats in front of the former formidable work. During this siege the most remarkable in history, for difficulties of a character generally regarded insurmountable, by any previously adopted processes there was encountered every conceivable duty which a soldier had been supposed capable of meeting, either in or out of the service, in improvising means to secure the desired ob ject. Every duty, every difficulty and danger was promptly and cheerfully met by both officers and men. The entire history of that siege can never be written as it was made in the record of duty per formed by the humblest soldier, whose name may be unknown, but whose hands toiled, digging in the trenches, during those long, hot and weary days, weeks and months, working by day and by night, stealthily eluding rebel bullets, and the iron hail from the parapet of the rebel fort, which swept every foot of the level surface of that island beach, barely rising three feet above the tide that washed its margin progressing slowly and silently, piling up zigzag lines of approach, making ready a way and shelter, behind which brave and determined men were to crawl, preparing for the final spring to con test possession of the rebel stronghold until at last, on a bright moonlight September night, the protecting sap was projected so G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 409 close to the moat environing the fort, that the sand, thrown up from the busy shovels, to form the wall of defence, sliding down the re verse slope, caused a ripple in the water of the moat that told the men their work with shovels was finished, and now the bayonet must open the door unto which those more peaceful implements had made the way. Of this character was the service in which Maj. Pennypacker participated, in command of his Regiment, until about July 24, when he was prostrated by illness consequent upon the unsparing devotion of his whole ability to the performance of duty. The resignation of the senior captain had brought the writer next in rank to the major; consequently, in the absence or disability of that officer, the command of the Regiment devolved upon him self, the lieutenant colonel being absent upon detached service. The new and more responsible duties were rendered less for midable and more familiar by the counsel and support of Maj. Pennypacker, and by his presence in the camp, where he preferred to remain, unwilling to leave the front during the progress of such important movements, when his increasing illness compelled him to suspend active duty. On the night of the contemplated final assault upon Fort Wagner, the officers in command of brigades and regiments were convened, by order of Gen. Gillmore, at Gen. Terry s head-quarters, for the purpose of receiving personal instruction as to the duty each was to perform in the assault. Maj. Pennypacker, although unable for duty, was quite desirous of attending, but, being reported sick upon the roster, the notice had been sent to Capt. Price. Fearing the exposure of the night, it was urged that his strength was inade quate, and he was reluctantly convinced of the necessity of yielding his privilege of senior officer, lest his attending the call at head quarters might frustrate his intention of leading the Regiment in the proposed assault in the morning. This he persisted in being allowed to do, in co-operation with, rather than supersede the writer in command. As as instance demonstrating his close observance of every detail of orders relative to the performance of duty, it may be stated in this connection that, after returning from Gen. Terry s head-quarters, Capt. Price visited Maj. Pennypacker s tent at his request to report the orders, when, in his quaint and direct way of questioning and getting at the exact scope of every order he was concerned in 410 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. executing, he was soon as thoroughly in possession of Gens. Gill- more and Terry s arrangement of the part to be performed by the 97th P. V. in the assault, as the officer who had received the orders was capable of stating them. This determination, not only to thoroughly understand what he was expected to do himself, but to have those of whom he expected the performance of any duty un derstand it also, was ever a distinguishing trait from his manner of impressing those who received an order from him, with the necessity of exactness in understanding so as to insure faithfulness in the per formance. The advance upon Fort Wagner at 2 A. M. on the 7th, when it was found to be evacuated, was followed by an immediate advance of the forces upon Fort Gregg; Maj. Pennypackcr was one of the first to mount the sides of that work, bearing the flag of his Regiment, before it was known to be evacuated. After the occupation of these works, Maj. Pennypacker remained unable for active duty, his ill ness being of intermittent type, rendering change of climate neces sary to restore his broken health. Upon the earnest recommenda tions of his medical advisers, he at length consented to receive a sick leave of absence, which being granted at department head-quarters, on September 23, 1863, he returned to West Chester. He rejoined the Regiment at Fernandina, Fla., November 13, 1863, and was placed in command of five companies of the Regi ment encamped in that city. Maj. Pennypacker was also assigned, by Col. H. R. Guss, com manding post, to the charge of the school for the instruction of the officers of his command. To this duty he brought the same earnest attention and adequate ability which had hitherto been observed. The benefit of this instruction was soon manifest in the decided im provement noticed in officers previously regarded good and efficient. About November 16, 1863, Maj. Pennypacker was detailed as president of a general court-martial, convened at Fernandina, Fla., which, having but one case for consideration, closed after sitting three days. He was again detailed president of a court-martial, at Fernandina, Fla., December, 1863. This court continued its ses sions through January and part of February, 1864. Several very important and intricate cases were tried before it, including four for desertion, in all of which the findings of the court were approved at department head-quarters. As president of these courts, Maj. Pennypacker displayed a clearness of preception, judgment and G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 411 thorough knowledge of military requirements, precedents, etc., that gave him perfect readiness in deciding important questions such as arise in every court-martial. These qualities, joined with the solid common sense, so large an element in his life and character, gave to his views and decisions, so unpretendingly presented, an influence rarely found in one so young. On February 9, 1864, Maj. Pennypacker led a detachment of three hundred men of his Regiment in a night march of thirty miles, to surprise and capture the rebel Camp Cooper, near Bald win s Station, on the Florida Railroad; and, on February 14, with about the same force, made a successful advance into the enemy s country, upon the St. Mary s River, Ga , securing thereby a large amount of valuable lumber for use in the department. These ope rations are fully set forth in the narrative of the Regiment. In both expeditions, Maj. Pennypacker moved his troops with such secrecy, celerity and order as to secure the object of his march and, by his judicious care in preventing the disaffected inhabitants from giving notice of his approach to the enemy, demonstrated his ability as a commander to whom might safely be entrusted any expedition, how ever important, to penetrate the enemy s country. In February, 1864, efforts were being made to induce the men of the regiments in the department, who had served over two years, to re-enlist as veterans for the war. In furtherance of this object, Maj. Pennypacker assured the men of his Regiment, who thus re- enlisted, of his readiness to remain with them, as their commander, if they desired it. When the veterans returned home, on furlough, accompanied by Col. H. R. Guss, the command of the post of Fernandina, Fla., de volved upon Maj. Pennypacker. In the discharge of the duties of post commandant, Maj. Pennypacker was courteous, judicious and discreet in all official and personal intercourse; in the administration of his command, holding every department up to the highest at tainable point of efficiency and order. He remained in command until April 22, 1864, when the Regiment was relieved from duty by the 157th N. Y., commanded by Col. P. P. Brown. Upon being relieved, the embarkation 6T Maj. Pennypackcr s force, at Fernandina, upon a small transport steamer, the Monohan- sett, was accomplished with the promptitude which usually attended every systematized purpose, matured and executed by the efficient young commander of the 97th P. V. In less than twenty-four 412 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. < hours from the arrival of the relieving force, he had collected his command, from stations scattered over a circuit of from ten to four teen miles, had caused the accounts and responsibilities of every officer holding official position provost marshal, with over one hundred and twenty-five prisoners and many property accountabili ties in his charge; post quarter-master, post commissary, ordnance officer and others holding important charges to be duly and offi cially transferred in proper form, with the necessary vouchers, etc., and his command marched to the landing and embarked ready for the voyage. With his Regiment, he reported to Gen. A. H. Terry for orders, at Hilton Head, April 25, and was, by that officer, directed to join Gen. Butler s forces at Gloucester Point, Va., where the James River expedition was being organized. Upon the resignation of Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, April 3, 1864, Maj. Pennypacker was recommended, by Col. H. R. Guss, for pro motion. His commission as lieutenant colonel was issued by Gov. Curtin, to rank from April 3, 1864, but owing to delay, consequent upon the active movements at the front, it was not received until near June 1, 1864. Upon landing at Gloucester Point, April 28, Lieut. Col. Penny- packer s command was again assigned to the old 10th Corps, being placed in the 1st brigade, 3d division (Ames ). The brigade at that time was commanded by Col. Richard White, of the 55th P. V. At Gloucester Point, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker availed himself of every opportunity to prepare his Regiment for the active duty it was again about to enter upon. Company and battalion drill, bayonet exercise and the skirmish drill were resumed; in battalion drill each company, in turn, was deployed as skirmishers, to perfect the officers and men in such service. These movements were conducted with the skill of one completely master of every movement in de tail. In the review of the troops of Gen. Butler s command, on April 30, 1864, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker s Regiment was found tho roughly prepared in the requisite movements, in consequence of the regular course of drill and discipline continually maintained rather than by any special effort for the occasion. During the advance of the Army of the James, in command of his Regiment, he participated with all the movements upon the enemy s lines, and led the advance upon the Richmond and Peters burg Railroad, when Lee s communications between those cities were G. PENNY? ACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 413 severed, May 8, leading his Regiment in action, on the same day, at Swift Creek, advancing under a heavy fire close to the enemy s lines, to cover the operations of the artillery that had taken position at a point of great danger of capture. By his bearing and courage he held the line against the repeated efforts of the enemy to drive his force back. To reach this position, Lieut. Col. Penny- packer had marched his men, under a brisk fire of musketry and shell, moving with a celerity and promptness that elicted the ad miration of those who witnessed his advance. For more than half an hour, under a continuous fire, he held his command in steady line, through the influence of his own collected calmness of manner, which impressed both officers and men with something of his own steadfastness. Several were wounded and carried to the rear, but the unbroken line stood firmly, a wall of flint interposed as a pro tecting barrier against a charge upon the artillery from the rebel lines only a few paces off. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker again led his Regiment, on the 9th, in a forced march of seven miles, to support Gen. Terry, then engaged by a superior rebel force, near Fort Darling; and again in action, on the 14th, at Drury s Bluff, and near Fort Darling, where his Regiment held the extreme left of the advance and assisted at the capture of the enemy s outer lines near that work. Gen. Butler s forces again became engaged with the enemy on the morning of the 16th; when, suddenly, in greatly superior force, they made a furious assault upon the right of his lines; a fierce engagement ensued. Being additionally threatened, by a large force advancing upon his rear and left flank, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker was ordered to march his Regiment, as rapidly as possible, down the Wier Bottom Church Road, to join the 13th Ind., to obstruct the advance of Gen. Beauregard s forces, and hold them in check until the troops of Gen. Butler could be safely withdrawn and dis posed for future operations. A detailed account of the successful accomplishment of the purpose entrusted to Lieut. Col. Penny- packer is given in the history of the Regiment. Having thrown his force across the path of the advancing enemy, they were held in check for nearly half a day, during which time Gen. Butler s forces were safely withdrawn to the intrenchments. Through presenting a bold front and keeping up the appearance of strengtli by a judi cious disposition of a very small force, he had saved the Army of the James from a most serious disaster. In this affair, Lieut. Col. 414 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Pennypacker displayed powers of a high order. Strategy found a ready solution of the embarrassing difficulties arising from the in adequacy of numbers, and the completeness of his success was re markable. It would have been honor sufficient to have crowned with laurels the commander of any brigade which had alone been fortunate enough to thus hold in check one of the chief generals of the rebel forces. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker led his Regiment, on May 18, 1864, in a brilliant charge, under a brisk fire from the enemy, at Foster s Place, regaining a portion of the line from which the pickets of the 8th Maine had been driven in the morning. Holding the position, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker and his force were exposed to the fire of the enemy during the entire day ; personally assuring him self of every point of the line, he encouraged his men to steadi ness and efficiency. The events of that day alone were sufficient to place the 97th P. V. and its brave young commander in the front rank of our country s defenders. The Regiment lost in the action nineteen killed and thirty-eight wounded. On May 20, Gen. Pickett s (rebel) division assaulted and reoccu- pied this line, which had been left with a very inferior force, dis tributed at intervals of three paces. In consequence of grave mis apprehension of the force of the enemy, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker was ordered, with about three hundred men of his Regiment, to charge upon the position his force totally inadequate, yet, in obe dience to orders, that officer led his gallant band into the jaws of death with that determined resolution which animates the true soldier to conquer or die. The charge was made in unwavering line across the level, known as Green Plains. The enemy for a time reserved his fire, then opened a most fearful and destructive storm of iron hail from hundreds of muskets and with grape and canister from six pieces of artillery, but still the gallant young officer led his men forward, their ranks rapidly thinning, until having nearly crossed the open space, two-thirds of his men had fallen and him self three times wounded, it became apparent that none could reach the enemy s lines alive. The order to retire was given and the rem nant came back in order, bearing their wounded leader to the shel ter of a ravine for safety. Perhaps no affair of the war presents a more brilliant attempt at fulfilment of orders against such fearful odds. The charge has its only parallel in that of the famous Six Hundred at Balaktava. There could be no more brilliant or fatal G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 415 record than this whicli cost the 97th P. V. the loss of so many of its brave and noble young men, cut down in a moment, the sad result of a most unwarranted and fearful blunder on the part of the officer who ordered the charge that sent less than three hundred men against one of the best divisions of the rebel army, intrenched and with six pieces of artillery in position. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker s wounds disabled him from service for nearly three months. He received surgical attention at the general hospital at Fortress Monroe, and, when partially recovered, returned to West Chester until convalescent. The account of this action, given in the narrative of the Regi ment, also sets forth the action of the officers of the Regiment in refutation of the attempts that were made to escape the responsi bility of the disaster, by casting the blame of not understanding the order, upon the gallant officer who led the charge. He only too faithfully understood and obeyed the orders that were proven as given upon the field. Upon the occasion of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker s return to West Chester, when sufficiently recovered from his wounds, he was pre sented, by the citizens with an elegant sword, sash and belt, as a testimonial of their appreciation of his faithful and meritorious services. Lieut. Col. Pennypacker rejoined his Regiment, at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hundred., on August 12, 1864, being still somewhat disa bled in the use of his right arm. He resumed the command of his Regiment on the 14th, having been mustered, upon his commis sion as lieutentant colonel, on the day alter his arrival in the depart ment. Upon the resignation of Col. H. R. Guss, on the 23d of June preceding, Lieut. Col. Pennypacker was commissioned as colonel of the Regiment, to which rank, on August 15, 1864, he was, by order of the Secretary of War, mustered by Capt. T. E. Lord, mustering officer of the division. Col. Pennypacker again entered upon active duty at the front- The Army of the James had commenced operations on the north side of that river. On August 14, the enemy were encountered at Deep Bottom. At IIP. M., in command of the centre of the bri gade (the 76th and 97th P. V.), he was ordered to advance close up to the enemy s lines and hold a position of importance, in support of the 2d Corps, which made a successful assault, upon the enemy s 416 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. works at daylight on the 15th. He then led his Regiment in action upon the left of the forces and occupied a position exposed to the enemy s batteries during the day and night following. On the 16th, he again led his Regiment in the action at Straw berry Plains, Va., near the Malvern Hill Road, driving the enemy from their line of intrenchments. His Regiment was ordered to re main with a portion of Gen. W. Birney s division to hold the works captured. The rebels, having concentrated a large force upon the right and left, flanked the position, compelling the forces to retire to avoid capture, suffering considerable loss in killed, wounded and prisoners. Many of the regiments suffered immensely from the utter rout and want of proper management, the officers not se curing safety by keeping their commands in hand. Col. Penny- packer being present ivith his men, was enabled to bring the greater portion to safe shelter near the original line. His presence saved his command from capture. The inspiration which led in the charge and the daring intrepidity which had planted the flag of his Regi ment on the rebel parapet within a few feet of the flag of a rebel Virginia regiment, also lent their influence to lead the brave men around him out of the danger when the rebel forces were about to close in upon them. About August 26, Col. Pennypacker succeeded to the command of the 2d brigade, 2d division, l()th Corps, by seniority of rank, after the muster-out of Col. W. B. Barton, of the 48th N. Y. Gen. Butler, having the fullest confidence in his ability and quali fication, he was regularly assigned to the command by order of that officer on October 15. The brigade consisted of the 76th and 97th P. V. and the 47th and 48th N. Y. Subsequently, Col. John W. Moore s 203d P. V. was added, making it the largest in the corps and one of the most efficient in the service. There were sub sequent transfers of regiments between the brigades and divisions of the 10th Corps of which no record was obtained. The following is a list of the officers who served with Col. Pennypacker as mem bers of his staff, viz.: 1st Lieut. Isaac Eugene Smith, 115th N. Y., acting assistant adjutant general; 1st Lieut. James Scott, 47th N. Y., aid-de-camp; Capt. Abijah S. Pell, Jr., 47th N. Y., aid-de camp; 1st Lieut. Frank D. Barnum, 115th N. Y., acting assistant inspector general; Surgeon John R. Everhart, 97th P. V., chief medical officer; 1st Lieut. John McGrath, 97th P. V., acting com missary of subsistence; 1st Lieut. Zachariah Paddock, Jr., 48th G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 417 N. Y., acting assistant quarter-master; 2d Lieut. Thomas Keogh, 47th N. Y., ambulance officer. Of this promotion, the Delaware County Republican speaks as follows: PROMOTION IN THE 97TH REGIMENT, P. V. A correspondent who writes to us from near Petersburg, under date of September 19, furnishes the following gratifying intelligence of the promotion of a deserving officer: " Maj G. Pennypacker, who was wounded on May 20, in the memorable charge upon the enemy s line in front of Gen. Butler s position at Bermuda Hundred, has rejoined the 97th P. V., having been commissioned lieutenant colonel and since colonel of the Regiment. He commanded during the engagements at Deep Bot tom and Strawberry Plains, August 15 and 16, where the Regiment added fresh laurels to its previous meritorious record. Col. Pennypacker enjoys in the highest degree the confidence of his officers and men, as well as of his corps and division commanders, as is evident from his being entrusted with the command of a bri gade almost before the eagles had folded their wings upon his shoulders. He is now commanding the 2d brigade, 2d division of the 10th Army Corps, which holds the right of our position in front of Petersburg. It is seldom that promo tion to such position is so well merited in all the requisite qualifications." Col. Pennypacker entered upon the command of the brigade with determination to fulfil every duty as faithfully as he had those of less responsible stations. He at once made personal examination of the entire line under his command, and finding that in some respects more effective defences were requisite to the safety of the position, recommended the necessary improvements, which, being approved at division head-quarters, were immediately carried out under his direction. He enjoined upon regimental commanders the necessity of tho rough order and discipline, and personal attention to secure the proper performance of duty by the men, in which some of the regi ments had become quite deficient. His staff officers, when on duty at the front, were required to acquaint themselves with the condition of every part of the lines, by repeated personal observation, so as to be able to keep him advised of every movement on the part of the enemy before him. His own example of personal attention to every detail necessary for the security of his position became the emulation of his command, a stimulus to both officers and men in the performance of every duty. Col. Pennypacker s brigade remained upon duty in the trenches before Petersburg, Va., until the end of September, 1864, the ser vice being exceedingly arduous, critical and wearing to both officers, and men. 27 418 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Active operations on the north side of the James River were re commenced on September 29. Col. Pennypacker led his brigade in the engagement at Chapin s Bluff on that day, participated in the operations at Fort Harrison, New Market Heights, where he led his men with great gallantry, surmounting every obstacle in the way, and succeeded in driving the enemy from a portion of their lines, capturing during the day several heavy guns and a large number of prisoners. In the charge upon Fort Gilmer, Col. Pennypacker, at the head of his brigade, passed through more than a mile of slashing and over a considerable stream. The ground being quite uneven and broken, the men were unable to double-quick on account of the obstructions. Col. Pennypacker was among the wounded, being struck on the right ankle by a piece of shell, causing a slight but very painful wound. His horse was also shot while he was riding him during the action. Though suffering severely from his wound he refused to leave the field during the engagement. It was his habit to remain with his men until entirely disabled. In this instance he could not be pre vailed upon to leave his command while duty and danger demanded his presence to ensure the safety and efficiency of his brigade. He did not leave his command in consequence of his wound, but re mained upon duty at the front, receiving only such attention and rest as could be obtained in his quarters at the camp of his brigade. In the actions at Darby Town Road and Charles City Road, on October 7, 1864, when Gen. Birney s corps repulsed the forces of the rebel Gens. Field and Hoke, who made a most desperate attempt to drive the Army of the James from its position, Col. Pennypacker s brigade bore a conspicuous part. Under the influ ence of his presence and leadership it rendered most efficient service in securing the victory which crowned the old 10th Corps with new laurels, and a success seldom equalled On October 29, the l()th Corps was again engaged in action at Darby Town Road, four and a half miles from Richmond. His brigade advanced upon the enemy s lines and drove them into their inner line of intrenchments, under a galling fire. After reaching a somewhat sheltered position, near the enemy s line, a steady tire was kept up during the day ; the movement being a feint to engage the attention of the enemy while the Army of the Potomac was fighting at Hatcher s Run. G. PENNTPACKEK, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 419 In this engagement, Col. Pennypacker s brigade maintained its well-earned reputation for efficiency, celerity and the order of its movements; overcoming all obstacles in the way with a determina tion that is only found where the leader is present and co-operating with the men, equally ready to lead them on to victory or to pre serve them from disaster in defeat. About November 1, Col. Pennypacker, having continued in the active command of his brigade, through every exposure since his wound, on September 27, was now compelled to remain in his quar ters, with his foot elevated, in order to reduce the inflammation and allow it to heal. He suffered considerable pain and inconve nience also from his former wounds. Surgeon A. J. H. Buzzell, 3d N. H., acting medical inspector of the corps, made an examination of his wounds and advised him to take a leave of absence and return home until he should recover, but he was unwilling to leave his command at a time of such active operations. During November, 1864, his brigade occupied the lines at Chapin s Farm. The duty was of that arduous and wearing cha racter which only veterans in the service can fully appreciate. So constant and persistent was the tiring, both of musketry and ar tillery, that each day s experience was such as would formerly have been regarded as an active engagement. During the important movements occurring between the 14th of August and the end of November, 1864, Col. Pennypacker was con tinuously in command of his brigade, always at his post of duty; always prepared for instant action ; always thoroughly cognizant of every movement of the enemy on his front, which threatened his position, and prepared to meet the emergency by a prompt and ready support of his picket line from every point of his reserve force; always depending upon his own observation of the situation when possible, and requiring of his subordinate officers that efficient per formance of every duty which enabled him to rely upon the pre paration he might make to secure the safety and success of every movement contemplated. Pleasant and courteous in bearing toward all, he secured the respect and confidence of his command. Few commanders have established more perfect discipline with less osten tatious manner of enforcement. Few with less pretension have reached the opportunity for demonstrating those qualities requisite to success in a military leader, and fewer possessing these have so singly devoted them to the simple performance of present duty 420 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. faithfully, without effort to secure preferment and promotion to more responsible position. Maj. Gen. Butler, in a congratulatory order to his troops, on Oc tober 11, 1864, thus refers to the services of Col. Pennypacker: "* Col. G. Pennypacker, 97th P. V., commanding 2d brigade, 2d division, 10th Corps, for his zealous and untiring efforts to make his brigade efficient, and for the manner in which he led it in action, is commended by his corps commander and re commended to the President for promotion by brevet. * The concluding pages of this sketch approach the culmination and eventful crowning point in the services of Col. Pennypacker, as they stand upon the pages of time, a part of the history of our national struggle. Whether written or unwritten, these have a place with -the record of noble deeds that have rendered imperish able the names of the nation s heroes. These will remain forever inseparable from the cause they triumphantly espoused. His brigade formed a part of the force that accompanied Gen. Butler s first expedition against Fort Fisher. The result of that expedition, however fruitless, can in no sense be regarded as a failure on the part of the troops selected to advance against that rebel stronghold. Col. Pennypacker s brigade, with Gen. Ames division, was landed, under cover of the fire of the naval fleet, on the afternoon of December 25, and a reconnoissance at once ordered, with which Col. Pennypacker marched at the head of his brigade. The result of the reconnoissance determined Gen. Butler to re-em bark his troops, which was with great difficulty accomplished on account of the turbulence of the surf. The force then returned to the position on the James River, near Chapin s Farm. His brigade also accompanied the second expedition against Fort Fisher, which was entrusted to Brevet Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, who embarked his force on January 2, 1865, and landed the entire force (about eight thousand men), with rations, ammunition, siege train, intrenching tools, etc., on the evening of the 12th, at Federal Point, N. C. Col. Pennypacker s brigade, with Gen. Paine s and another bri gade of the 2d division, were engaged in establishing a defensive line across the island during the night after the landing, having to make their way through marsh, swamps and thickets, almost im passable, except to veteran troops, and over ground but poorly adapted to the construction of an intrenched line; the distance also G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 421 being found to be too great, the line first explored was abandoned and a lino nearer the rebel works, and much shorter, was subse quently established and intrenched by the same troops. The de scription of these and subsequent movements will be found in the words of Gen. Terry s report to Gen. Rawlins, chief of staff at head-quarters of Gen. Grant, which is given in the narrative of the Regiment. After completing the inland defences therein described, Col. Pennypacker led his brigade with distinguished gallantry, following closely the advance of Col. Curtis 1st brigade in every successive movement, from point to point, closing in upon the enemy s works by a rapid advance, and finally his line came up with that of the 1st brigade, at the moment the works were reached, the two bri gades entering together into the fierce hand-to-hand conflict which ultimately resulted in the entire occupation of the formidable fort. With his leading regiment, the 97th P. V., he had gained the third traverse of the work, upon which his own hand planted the flag of that gallant Regiment, when he was stricken down by a shot of one of the enemy, whose deliberate aim he had noticed, just in front of him, as he was placing the flag upon the parapet. For a more adequate presentation of the distinguished service rendered by Col. Pennypacker, and his gallantry in the command of his brigade, during this brilliant assault, reference is here made to the official reports above mentioned, and to a letter from the Secretary of War to the President, given in another chapter. From these reports, it is quite apparent that Col. Pennypacker s brigade bore its full share in the conflict, and his own terrible wounds, received in the fore front of battle, while leading his com mand and in the act of placing the flag of his own Regiment, the leading one of his brigade, upon the rebel parapet attest the cou rageous faithfulness of his endeavor to do his duty. From the first landing of the troops, until the hour he was stricken down in the midst of the terrible conflict, he was constantly with his men, always leading them, never telling them where to go, but making them feel that he depended upon them to follow where he would try to lead them to victory and success. The following letter written to Brevet Maj. Gen. H. R. Guss, by Capt. George F. Towle, of the 4th N. H., a member of Gen. Guss staff when commanding his brigade on Morris Island, S. C., in 1863, who, at Fort Fisher, was serving upon the staff of Gen. 422 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Terry as inspector general gives the only reference to the inci dents connected with Gen. Pennypacker s command in that action that could then be procured. It was hoped that a more detailed account of the general s personal efforts on that day might be ob tained from letters or from the recollections of officers who were present. It is with extreme regret this part of the sketch is limited to paragraphs from the official reports and Capt. Towle s letter. To such as are familiar with military reports these may be sufficient to give the unobtrusive record of valor, duty, peril and pain encoun tered on that day. Yet there seems wanting the pen of one present with him to give full measure of justice to this sketch: FORT FISHER, N. C., January 23, 1865. MY DEAR GENERAL: I have ofteu thought of you, since you went home, and have many times intended to write to you, but there was always something to prevent. You have read, of course, of what we have been doing here. The assault was magnificent. For six hours, success seemed doubtful. The men actually clubbed rifles over the parapet, and the fighting was of that hand-to- hand character we so often read about but seldom see. The 2d division went in, in three lines: first, the 1st brigade, under Curtis, then the 2d, under Pennypacker, then the 3d, under Bell. About dark, the 2d brigade of the 1st division, under Abbott, came up and decided the day. Curtis was wounded; Bell was wounded and died the next day; poor Penny- packer was severely wounded while leading his brigade over the parapet, with the colors of the 97^?. P. V. in his hand. I saw him as he was brought off on a stretcher; he refused to leave the field until he had seen Gen. Terry. I told the general, who went to see him. Pennypacker then pointed to the foremost flag on the traverses, and wished the general to "take notice that was the flag of the %1th Pennsylvania." Everybody feels badly that he should receive such a severe wound, and none more so than myself. Out in front of Richmond I saw him often, and there is no one for whom I have more affection and respect. He has been brevetted a brigadier general, and we all most sin cerely hope he may live to enjoy his well-earned honors. The carrying of such a strong work as Fort Fisher, by assault, is an event unparalled in military history. Including the Mound Battery and Battery Buchanan, there were eighty-four guns; among them a splendid one-hundred-and-fifty-pounder Armstrong gun, with a mahogany carriage, presented to the rebels by English friends. Geu. Terry intends to present it to West Point The configuration of the ground and shore between Fort Fisher and Battery Buchanan is very similar to that be tween Wagner and Gregg. The Mound Battery is half way between. After capturing Fort Fisher, Abbott s brigade pushed right on to Battery Buchanan, three-quarters of a mile further, and bagged about one thousand prisoners those who were unable to get away for want of boats. The prisoners in all amounted to nineteen hundred well and about four hundred wounded. * * * Believe me always, truly your friend, GEORGE F. TOWLE. To (CoL.) BREVET. MAJ. GEN. H. R. Guss, West Chester, Pa. G. PENNYP ACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 4 23 Immediately after the action at Fort Fisher, Col. Pennypacker was upon the personal recommendation of Secretary Stanton, who was present with the expedition by order of President Lincoln breveted brigadier general of volunteers, to date from January 15, 1865, which promotion was confirmed by the United States Senate. He was soon afterward appointed brigadier general of volunteers, his commission being dated February 18, 1865. This appointment was also confirmed by the Senate of the United States. His ac ceptance of this promotion necessarily severed his connection with the 97th P. V. as its commanding officer. He, therefore, addressed a letter of farewell to the officers and men of his old command, between whom and himself there had existed, throughout the period of service together, the strongest ties of faith and devotion in their respective relations. This is given in a former chapter. Upon the recommendation of Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, command ing Department of Virginia, he was subsequently appointed by the President major general of U. S. Vols. by brevet for gallant and meritorious services during the war, to date from March 13, 1865. The Senate of the United States also promptly confirmed this ap pointment. The following communication, from the Philadelphia Press of January 19, 1865, is expressive of the feeling of the people at his home, appreciative of the services Gen. Pennypacker, and many others near and dear to them, were rendering their country in her struggle with armed rebellion : THE CAPTORS OF FORT FISHER! To THE EDITOR OF THE PRESS. SIR: Those really deserving of credit for the capture of Fort Fisher are the three commanders of the tbive brigades and the men under their command who did the work They braved all the danger. Gen. Terry, coramander-in-chief, confided the terrible charge to these commanders, having full faith in their bra very and unyielding courage. All honor to Gen. Curtis, Col. Pennypacker and Col. Bell. All honor to the men whom they cjmmanded. This is the first fort of any consequence which has been taken by storm during the war. Col. Pennypacker is a son of Chester County, in this State, and has won bis way from the ranks to his present position by his own merits. He is every inch a soldier beloved by bis men they would follow him to the cannon s mouth. Born on the storied ground of Valley Forge, twenty-two years ago, he has caught the heroic spirit of the days of Seventy-Six. We pray he may survive his dangerous wound and live to serve his country among the long list of Pennsyl vania s patriotic sons. WAYNE. WEST CHESTER, January 18, 1865. 424 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. The same appreciation of the services of the brave veterans who stormed Fort Fisher is breathed also in voices of song heraldic of their fame. The following is from the Delaware County Repub lican: TWO HUNDRED GUNS TO-DAY. Two thousand shells on jester morn ! We add two hundred guns to-night! On Fisher s ramparts floats the flag That traitors tore from Sumter s height. O er Moat, Stockade and Parapet, The Soldier and the Sailor flew, "Stranger than ever," Rebels said! But taken by a "Yankee Crew." Casemate and Bastion were in vain, When Terry and his men went down ; And Porter, thundered from the fleet, Twas done! and soon we ll have the town. Rebellion Cotton Loan has sunk Like "Alabama" o er the sea; And English Lords won t take, Now "Tallahassee" is not free! "Such fighting never was before. 1 And in that fierce, terrific blaze, A stripling hero foremost leads Ah! Pennypacker, dearly pays! Two hundred guns, again we say, In honor of the brave and great; A glorious mantle o er them spread, Who, falling, gave us Fisher s Fate! January 20, 1865, R. M. J N. In collecting the foregoing accounts of the action at Fort Fisher, there has been wanting such a detailed statement of events as to present fully the part enacted by Gen. Pennypacker s command, with the incidents as they occured in the terrible contest for possession of the fort. Officers, with whom the writer has conversed, all bear testimony to the severity of the conflict; the cool and brave deter mination of the young brigade commander; his prompt movements in obedience to orders; his presence at the head of his brigade, leading in every advance, until at last he was stricken down at the threshold of success, when, at the moment of having seized it, he G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 425 was planting the flag of his ovvti Regiment upon the third traverse of the enemy s most formidable work. He was found to be terribly wounded through the right side and hip by a Minic ball, which fractured the upper portion of the pelvic bone, causing a most pain ful wound; which, from the action of the muscles in close attach ment with the nerves, rendered him incapable of such rest as to secure even momentary relief from pain. He consequently suffered most excruciatingly, rendering every attempt to remove him from the beach to the transport both precarious and difficult. He bore his sufferings with the same heroic courage which characterized his action on the field. With great difficulty he was removed on board the ocean steamer Champion, for conveyance to Fortress Monroe, Va., at which place Gen. Ord gave orders to detain the vessel (one of the largest and most expensive of those chartered in the service of the govern ment) until it should be deemed, by the attending surgeons, entirely safe to attempt his removal ashore; very justly regarding his life of more account to the government than the few hundreds of dol lars that were the contract price per diem of the steamer. As soon as it was possible, he was removed to Chesapeake Hospital, where he received every attention which medical and surgical skill could devise for his relief. His recovery was for a long time regarded extremely doubtful. His sufferings were of unremitting and in tense severity, but through judicious treatment and nursing, and the best medical care, superintended by Ur. David 11. Brower, execu tive medical officer at Fortress Monroe, an old schoolmate of the general, he so far recovered as to be enabled to return to his home, in West Chester, Pa., after having remained in hospital for about ten months. When it became known that Gen. Pennypacker was about to return to his home, it was unanimously determined by the citizens of West Chester to give him a suitable welcome which should, in some degree, give expression to their appreciation of his eminent and faithful services. On the evening of November 10, 1865, a previously appointed committee met at the Green Tree Hotel to make the final arrange ments for the reception of the general, expected on the next day. At 4 P. M., on the llth, the Court House bell was rung, as pre viously arranged, to announce his arrival. The citizens began to congregate in front of that building. 426 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. The cadets of Mr. Wyers and of Col. Hyatt s military schools were soon upon the ground and formed in line; the citizens gene rally in line in the rear. Preceded by Capt. Sweeney s Cornet Band, the column moved out on the Wilmington Road to the borough line to receive the general, who was on his way from Wilmington, accompanied by Brevet Maj. Gen. H. R. Guss and Capt. Frank D. Barnum, 115th N. Y., an aid upon the general s staff, who had been detailed, by order of the War Department, to attend upon him during his confinement to the hospital and until his recovery. At 5 P. M., the barouche containing the party came in sight and was received with cheers and huzzas of welcome, which continued along the entire route as the procession moved through the prin cipal streets of the town. The general was everywhere greeted by the cheers and shouts of enthusiastic welcome of his friends and by the smiles, tears, waving hands and white handkerchiefs from the fair ones of those homes that had given him their benediction more than four years before. Arriving at the Court House, he descended from the carriage, look ing upon the faces around him, with grateful feeling for their welcome manifest in his ruddy, manly face, still unchanged in its in tegrity; yet not with the same elastic step with which he had gone forth! for now he slowly entered the hall of the Court House, to hear their words of welcome, leaning upon crutches and supported on either side, moving with difficulty that told of pain and suffering endured and still to be borne through long years, perhaps, as part of the price paid for this joyous greeting. In the court room all were assembled who could obtain a place, eager to hear and to see the brave young leader of heroes; for many of those, dear to many a home and heart in that gathering, had been with him, meeting their country s foes. Ladies and citizens, the grandest and humblest, there met to give welcome to one who, as a representative, held an equal place in the regard of every class and every heart. When order could be obtained, the chairman of the committee of recep tion, Dr. Wilmer Worthington, addressed the general as follows: General I have been designated, by your neighbors and fellow citizens, to give you a cordial welcome to your home. I need scarcely say, the duty is one which affords me great pleasure, however incompetent I may feel for its perform ance. When our national flag was assailed by armed treason and the little band of patriot soldiers who garrisoned Fort Sumter wer^ compelled to surrender it, and the President of the United States, under a full sense of the solemn respon- G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. AKMY. 427 sibilities which rested upon him, as Chief Magistrate, made his appeal to the patriotism of the nation to rally in defence of that flap, you, with thousands of others, responded to the call and entered the service as a non-commissioned officer in the three months volunteers. Your youthful but manly heart, throbbing with emotions of the warmest patriotism, incited you to deeds of martini fame. The comforts of home were exchanged for the dangers of the battle-field ! and the national honor, the safety of the republic, and the freedom of our race, all com bined to animate and inspire you to noble efforts in behalf of hi .man liberty. After the termination of your first engagement in the military service, you did not hesitate to renew your pledge to stand by the government in its efforts to save the nation. You raised a company of volunteers, and being chosen its captain, it- formed a part of the N 7 inety-Seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, which went into service under the command of our gallant towns man, Col. Henry R. Guss. In this connection you remained until you had reached the highest position in the Regiment and, for gallant conduct in the field, had been advanced to the honorable rank you now so meritoriously occupy. I would not attempt, upon this occasion, to enumerate all the services in which this Regiment has been en gaged, and in which you and others have gathered so many unfading honors. The many brave hearts which have ceased to pulsate, and lie buried in the war rior s grave, and the painful wounds which you, ajid others, still living, have re ceived, will long attest the gallantry of its deeds, which will never cease to be held in grateful remembrance by a loyal and patriotic people From the rank of captain you advanced to that of major, and when the Regi ment left Camp Wayne for the seat of war, on November 16, 1861, you held this position; you were afterwards made lieutenant colonel and then colonel; and while holding this rank, you were in command of a brigade! For gallant con duct at Fort Fisher, you were brevetted a brigadier general, on January 15, 1865, and on the same day received the commission of a brigadier general in full. While your friends at home have watched your military career, and no iced with pride and satisfaction your advancement from rank to rank the officers in com mand, who have enjoyed so many opportunities of learning your heroic bearing, amidst scenes of the greatest peril, have borne their testimony to your worth as a man and your skill and bravery as a soldier and an officer. We are not un mindful that, in the moment of triumph, at Fort Fisher, when you had, by your own hand, raised the first ru^im Mital flag upon the parap t, you fell, by a severe wound, from which you still suffer, and which has prevented an earlier return to the embrace of your relatives and friends. The services of (he 97th Regiment are a part of the history of the nation. It has endured privations and dangers which have covered both officers and men with distinguished honors. A midst the malarial swamps of a southern climate they have shared the perils of disease; and on picket and in skirmishing service, as well as on the hard-contested battle fields in general engagments, or storming the best-constructed and ably-defended forts of the enemy, it has never failed in duty. Your name is closely identified with the achievements of the 97th Regiment, and in connection with other troops, in the capture of Fort Fisher. The future historian in recording the events of that day, will not omit to mention the 97th 428 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 76th and 203d Regiments of Pennsylvania Volunteers, the 47th and 48th Regi ments of New York, and the brave son of Chester County, who led them in the deadly conflict, and planted upon its walls the regimental colors of the 97th P. V., pierced by more than one hundred bullets. Who is there here to-day that is not moved, deeply moved, by such a scene as this? can any loyal heart feel insensible under such a meeting? A brave and patriotic youth, returning to his home, receiving the cordial greeting of ardent and anxious friends, bearing the scars, enduring the suffering of many wounds, and covered with the brightest honor heroic deeds can bestow. What sympathy of our nature is not enlisted? what feeling of admiration is wanting? what love and gratitude is not called forth as we meet to welcome one so endeared to our hearts? f When the telegraph flashed along its wires the intelligence that Fort Fisher had been taken, and that you had received what was supposed to be a mortal wound, whilst amid a shower of iron hail you had planted the stars and stripes upon its battlements we sadly felt the loss we had sustained, but rejoiced over the completeness of the victory! Our sadness is now turned to joy, the battle has been won, and we receive with a cordial welcome the gallant and conva lescent chieftain who aided so nobly to secure the triumph. We hail you, not only as a brave son of Pennsylvania, but also of Chester County. A new impulse has been given to human freedom, our free American institu tions have been revived and brightened by the severe ordeal to which they have been exposed, and they stand out to the admiring gaze of other nations with greater splendor, and inspiring more cheering hopes to the down-trodden and op pressed nations of all the earth. That you may soon be restored to perfect health, that you may hang further honors upon that flag you have so bravely defended, and that you may long live to witness the glorious fruits of that war, in which you have so largely partici pated, is the earnest and constant wish of every friend of the Union. Dr. Worthington s address of welcome was responded to by William Darlington, Esq., in a few appropriate remarks, on behalf of the general, who was much debilitated and incapable of either physical or mental exertion adequate to the occasion. The general was afterward cordially greeted by his fellow-citizens, who gathered around him, eager to grasp the hand which had so bravely borne aloft the flag, bright and fresh, four years before, but now pierced by hundreds of bullets and tattered by the storms of war; which had seized it in the thickest of the assault and waved its folds upon the walls of Fort Fisher, where he fell sorely wounded, but it re mained in the front of the fight to mark the spot. Almost shrink ing from the honors and manifestations of the appreciation of his services which his fellow citizens desired to shower upon him, his retiring unobtrusive demeanor indicated that his modesty equalled his valor. G. PENNYPACKER, BKEVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 429 Gen. Pennypacker remained at West Chester, the guest of his former commander, Brevet Maj. Gen. H. 11. Guss. He there had several painful relapses of suffering from his wound, requiring con finement to his bed. At the expiration of his leave, feeling inca pable of further service, he tendered his resignation, on February J s . l s li(). hut it was not accepted 1>\ the War I Jcjiartiiicnt. His leave of absence was extended sixty days, at the end of which time, being still unable to resume active duty, he again tendered his resignation, which was finally accepted by the Secretary of War, to take effect on April 30, 1866. Gen. Pennypackcr was the first officer of the 97th P. V. to be mustered into the service of the United States, and the last of the original officers of the llegiment to leave the service, having been continuously in the army a few days over five years. He was a most excellent officer, a man of refined feelings and culture, whose modest and unassuming worth won their way to recognition and advance ment in the service, through sterling merit alone; securing alike the confidence of his superior officers, the respect, the admiration, and the ready service of all under his command. Few are more de serving the love and the gratitude of their fellow countrymen for arduous service, so faithfully, so cheerfully, so nobly devoted to a cause that called forth the best of the sons of many homes to serve their country, and, if need be, to sacrifice their lives that their country might live. While so many of these have left sad homes filled with sorrow that rests as a cloud upon the hearts of the living, and the nation holds their memory sacredly cherished, silent witnesses of the cost of human freedom ; there are also other wit nesses whose scars, wounds and continued suffering are a part of that price to be held most precious in the regard of their country men. Together with these, the name of Maj. Gen. Penny packer will remain inseparable from the history of our country, engraven as it is in the hearts of all who treasure the deeds of her heroes. During the period of service, he was wounded seven times within eight months. Within one year he received five promotions. He was the youngest general officer who served in the army during the war, having been confirmed a brigadier and brevet major general at the age of twenty-two years. On the 1st of April, 1866, he commenced reading law in the office of Hon. Wayne MacVeagh, at West Chester, and pursued the study during the summer of 1866, with some interruption, however, 430 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. from recurrence of painful irritation in his only partially healed wounds. Upon the organization of the regular army, at the close of the war, Pennsylvania became entitled, in the distribution of offices, to one colonelcy, which was offered to Gen. Pennypacker. The board of examiners are reported to have received explicit directions concerning any difficulty they might have in regard to his physical condition, from Secretary Stan ton, who, to use the language of Gen. Harry White, "loved him." On the 1st of December, 1866, he received, from President Lincoln, the appointment of colonel of the 34th Infty., U. S. Army, to date from July 28, 1866, per mission being given him, by the War Department, to delay joining his regiment, in order to have the benefit /)f further surgical and medical care and more perfect recovery from his wounds. He was also appointed, by the President, brevet brigadier general and brevet major general, U. S. Army, which promotions were promptly confirmed by the Senate of the United States, to rank from March 29, 1867. He remained at West Chester until about May 20, 1867, when he joined his regiment, then stationed at Grenada, Miss., where he continued in its command, and at times in command of the sub district of Mississippi, until October, 1870; during which time he was also for a few months engaged as president of a military com mission at Vicksburg, Miss. He served also as a member of the Retiring Board at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Subsequently, he was in command of the sub district, at Nashville, Tenn., Louisville, Ky., and other localities in the Department of the Southwest, from time to time, as the service required, until December 22, 1871, when he received a leave of absence, for one year, with permission to visit Europe. Upon the reduction of the army, by act of Congress, in March, 1869, the 34th Infty. being discontinued as an organization, Col. Pennypacker was assigned to the 16th Infty., U. S. Army, and con tinues to hold that command, the youngest colonel in the United States Army. After a period of over five years continuous service in the ad ministration of affairs, in a disorganized community where diverse and conflicting sentiments and interests met in jealous array, tend ing to render the duties of a military commander both arduous and delicate it is found, from the testimony of all parties and classes G. PENNYPACKER, BREVET MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY. 431 and from the entire local southern press that the impartial direct ness, even-handed justice and the uniform kindness manifested by Gen. Pennypacker toward all, in both official and social intercourse, have secured for him a popularity and regard as deserved as they are general. During the last gubernatorial canvass in Pennsylvania, in 1872, Gen. Pennypacker s name was prominently presented by many of the most influential papers in the State for nomination as a candi date for that high office, and was most favorably considered by those who sought to harmonize conflicting interests between prominent rival aspirants for that position, by suggesting a candidate so distin guished and so deservedly popular as to ensure the united support of all parties and classes. To his friends in the convention, who were desirous to promote his nomination, he expressed grateful ap preciation for the intended honor, which he respectfully and posi tively declined to accept, preferring to retain his present position in the United States Army. His name was therefore withdrawn from the convention before a vote was taken. Had he been nominated for the office of Governor, at that time, his age would have been barely above the constitutional limit. The year of his leave of absence was mostly spent abroad, visit ing the chief places of interest on the continent, being everywhere received with distinguished consideration by the officials of those governments, to whom he had letters of introduction from officers of the government, the army, and others. Letters were sent to him from the Secretary of War, desiring him to attend and observe the manoeuvres of the British army about to take place, but he failed to receive them in time to do so, owing to his having accepted the invitation of the American Minister at Berlin (Hon. Mr. Bancroft) to remain and participate in the cere monies attendant upon the meeting of the Emperors of Russia, Austria and Germany, at that city. He was received there with great cordiality and attention as a guest, and as the representative of the American Army. His modest demeanor everywhere won for him the praises of the German papers, as the writer has had fre quent opportunity to see; the German people generally being ardent in appreciation of such qualities in those occupying distin guished positions, especially where the persons possessing them are Americans. After returning from Europe, his leave of absence was extended 432 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. for six months, in consideration of his having served over five years continuously without leave. He visited Canada and made the tour of the Dominion Provinces during the spring of 1873, and, having returned again to his home in West Chester, was about preparing to rejoin his command at Nashville, but owing to the occurrence of yellow fever, of malignant type, at Memphis and other places in the southwest, he received orders to delay returning for sixty days after the expiration of his present leave. At the termination of which time, although the disease was still prevailing the frosts not having yet materially neutralized the malarious influences of the poison his sense of duty would not permit him to prolong his absence from his command, although an order of the War Department, recently published, gave permission to officers, upon leave or upon orders from stations where the fever prevailed, to delay returning until all danger from the fever was over. He, therefore, returned to Nash ville on October 16, 1873. His command (16th Tnfty. U. S. Army) is at present, April, 1875, distributed at various places throughout the Southern States, with head-quarters at Nashville, Tenn. AUGUSTUS P. DUER, LIEUTENANT COLONEL NINETY-SEVENTH REGI MENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Augustus P. Duer, born April, 1818, at West Chester, Pa., is the son of the late distinguished lawyer, John Duer, Esq., of the Ches ter County Bar, to which he was admitted about 1804. Mr. Duer was a lineal descendant of Lord Sterling, of Revolu tionary fame. The family of Duer is, in the State of New York, one of eminence even at the present day. A. P. Duer entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, on July 1, 1837, being then nineteen years and three months of age. Among his classmates there were the distinguished Union Generals Rodman, Tower, Lyon, Wright, Brannan. John F. Rey nolds, Hamilton, Sulley, Buel, Brookes and others. He remained at the academy four years, receiving a thorough military education, although he resigned without graduating.* Mr. Duer subsequently engaged in business as a civil engineer, being first employed in building a railroad to open up the coal de posits on Broad Mountain the road running from the Susquehanna *History of Chester, Delaware County, Pa., by J. Hill Martin. AUGUSTUS P. DUER, LIEUTENANT COLONEL. 433 River up Clark s Creek to the mountain afterward in locating and building the West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad, and still later was engaged upon the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, in Missouri. For several years previous to the war of the rebellion he was en gaged i i the real estate business, at West Chester, in connection with the late Cheyney Nields, Esq. He was an active, energetic Republican, and entered earnestly into the campaign of 1856 in support of Col. Fremont for the Presidency, and again in I860 participated in the successful efforts toward the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. On October 7, 1861, he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 97th Regiment, then organi/ing at Camp Wayne, West Chester, and was in command at that place during a portion of the time the Regiment remained there. He was detailed at Jacksonville, Fla., by Special Order No. 5, March 28, 1862, president of a council of administration for the examination of applicants for appointment to sutler for the 97th Regiment and for the regulation of a tariff of prices for merchandise, etc., at that post; detailed on general court- martial at Edisto, S. C., in May 1862; commanded detachment of Regiment, Companies. G, H and other forces occupying Legaree- ville, S. C., during the first advance upon Charleston, from June 9, 1862 to July 7, 1862; commanded Regiment at Hilton Head, S. C., from August I, 1862, to September 12, 1862; again from Oc tober 30, 1862, to November 10, 1862, a portion of which time the Regiment was on picket duty on Broad River; detailed on court- martial, at Beaufort, S. C., during part of September. 1862; again commanded the Regiment at Edisto and Seabrook Islands, S. C., during portions of April, May and June, 1863; commanded detach ment of Regiment in action at Fort Wagner, S. C., April 18, 1863; commanded convalescent camp at St. Helena Island, S. C., from July 22 to September 30, 1863. His health having become im paired, he then received a sick leave of absence and returned home; rejoined the Regiment, at Fernandina, Fla., October 24, 1864. His health continuing unimproved, he resigned, in March, 1864, and was honorably discharged at Hilton Head, S. C., April 3, 1864. In 1865, he became engaged in mining operations in Colorado, where he remained some years, and then returned to his home at Penningtonville, where he continues to reside. 434 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ISAIAH PRICE, MAJOR NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS AND BREVET COLONEL U. S. VOLS. Isaiah Price* was born, on May 20, 1822, in East Bradford Town ship, Chester County, Pa. His father was Benjamin Price, son of Philip Price, for many years Superintendent of Friends Westtown Boarding School, and the founder of Price s School for Girls, in West Chester. Both lived for many years upon the estate upon which Col. Price was born; both were prominent members of the religious Society of Friends. They were men of high character for integrity, intelligence and enterprise, and took a leading part in all movements calculated to advance the welfare of the people. In the adoption of improved methods in agriculture they were pioneers. Col. Price s mother was Jane, daughter of Jacob Paxson, of Abington, Montgomery Co., Pa., all of whose family were active members of the same religious society so that, upon both sides, he sprung from Quaker stock, and in that faith he received all his early training a prominent point of which was "ever to be guided by the dictates of duty within the heart of the individual." It was, perhaps, the logical working of this principle that led so many young Quakers to lay aside the peaceful tenets of the society and enter actively into the grand contest between despotism and human freedom. His boyhood was spent upon the farm of his parents, engaged, with other brothers (one of whom served with the 1st Pennsylvania Reserves during their whole period of service), in the active duties ol the farm. His school education was received at the neighbor hood schools, Mr. Bolmar s Academy and Friend s Select School, at West Chester, and at an academy in Byberry, Pa., under the care of John G. Lewis. It embraced all the branches of a liberal Eng lish education and some progress in the. Latin language. He, of course, received no military education whatever. His natural bent inclined to the finer mechanical arts, and for several years before entering the army he was engaged in the practice of dentistry, having graduated at the Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery, in 1854, being one of the first class of matriculants. *This biographical sketch, prepared, by a relative of the author, for Prof. Samuel P. Bates, State Historian, is permitted to appear in this work as a part of the record, at the earnest suggestion of those most interested in the publication of the history of the Regiment. r/f X ISAIAH PRICE, BREVET COLONEL, U. S. VOLS. 435 In stature 4 he is about medium, with a broad, firmly knit frame, and, until weakened by an attack of illness, while a student, his health was perfect. Trained by most careful and conscientious parents, his habits are altogether exemplary. In 1846, he was married to Lydia, daughter of Jacob Heald, of Hockessin, Delaware, and settled in West Chester, Pa. He never held civil office. On August 23, 1861, he received from Col. II. R. Guss, then engaged in recruiting a regiment of infantry for the United States service, the authority to recruit a company, and, on September 18, with eighty-three men enlisted, he was mustered into the service of the United States as captain of Company C, 97th P. V. On Sep tember 23, the company was filled to the maximum number of one hundred and one men. The Regiment left Camp Wayne, West Chester, November 16, 1861; was stationed a few days at Wash ington; then ordered to Port Royal, S. C. (via Fortress Monroe, Va.), where it arrived on December 15. On January 3, 1862, Capt. Price was detailed upon recruiting service and ordered to report at llar- risburg. Early in May following, he was ordered to rejoin his Regiment with his recruits, which he did at Lcgarecville, S. C., on June 5. With his Regiment, he participated in the engagements on John s Island, S. C., June 7, 1862; at GrimbalPs Plantation, James Island, June 10, 1862, and at Secession ville, June 16, 1862. During a portion of the winter of 186263 he was detailed upon court-martial duty. He participated in the engagement at Ste vens Landing, James Island, July 16, 1863; was in command of the Regiment during most of the siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg, Morris Island, S. C., from July 18 to October 2, 1863; moved with the Regiment to Fernandina, Fla., October, 1863, and was there assigned to duty as provost marshal. Upon the resignation of Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer, April 3, 1864, Maj. Pennypacker was promoted to lieutenant colonel and Capt. Price to major, to rank from April 3, 1864. Their commissions, delayed in consequence of the active operations in Virginia, were not received until June 6, when, from unavoidable circumstances, Maj. Price could not be mustered. Upon the organization of the Army of the James, in April. 1864, he was transferred with the Regiment to Virginia and par ticipated in the advance upon the Richmond and Petersburg Rail road, and in action at Swift Creek, on May 9, and in the engage- 436 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ment at Green Plains, Va., on May 18, in which the 91th P. V. lost, in killed and wounded, fifty-five men. On the night of May 19, he was on picket duty with one hun dred and fifty men of the Regiment. During the night, the rebels made several attacks upon the line, but were repulsed. At daylight, on the morning of the 20th, Maj. Price became satisfied that the rebels were mat- sing their forces upon this part of the picket line and reported the fact to the officer of the day, urging the necessity of reinforcements. As the intentions of the enemy became more apparent, two other messengers were sent with information to the officer of the day. He did not, however, come upon the ground until 8.30 A. M., and then without reinforcements. He then at tempted to explain the movements of the rebels as but the usual relieving of the picket force; but, while he was speaking, three regiments moved en echelon from a concealed position, immediately in front of Maj. Price s men, and other forces of the enemy began a charge upon the line, both to his right and left. The detachment upon his left broke at the onset of the charge, leaving his flank exposed. Maj. Price succeeded in checking about two hundred of these men and inducing them to make a stand, but they were after ward compelled to fall back, as were also the 97th P. V., after a gallant and successful resistance to the forces directly in their front, not, however, without some loss in killed and wounded. Maj. Price was struck in the thigh, by a spent canister shot, and disabled from duty several for days. On May 23, 1864, owing to the disability of Lieut. Col. Penny- packer, who was severely wounded in the charge made by the Regi ment, on the 20th, to regain the ground lost in the morning, Maj. Price was assigned to the command of the Regiment, which he re tained until August 13 following. On May 28, embarked at Ber muda Landing, James River, and, on the 30th, joined the Army of the Potomac, at White House, Va. He commanded the Regiment in action at Cold Harbor, Va., and in the trenches, from June 4 to June 13, when the forces re-embarked for James River. He participated, leading the Regiment in the assault, capturing the enemy s works on the heights near Petersburg, June 15, 1864, and at the explosion of the mine, July 30, 1864. About the middle of August, Maj. Price was prostrated by an attack of low nervous fever and was under treatment, at the Chesa peake Hospital, about four weeks. HENRY W. CARRUTHERS, A. A. A. GENERAL; TENTH CORPS. 437 He returned to his Regiment, near Petersburg, Va., September 11, 1864. The strength of the Regiment having been reduced by losses, and by the expiration of the term of service of enlisted men, below the number entitling it to two field officers, Maj. Price was compelled to be mustered out of service at the expiration of his three years term, as captain of Company 0, 97th P. V., which oc curred on September 17, 1864. He returned home, on September 29, after a continuous absence of two years and four months. On March 6, 1867, Maj. Price was, upon the recommendation of Maj. Gen. Pennypacker, bre vetted, by Gov. Geary, as lieutenant colonel and colonel U. S. Vols., to date from September 18, 1864, for "gallant and meritorious service during the war." After his return from the field, he resumed the practice of his profession, locating in the city of Philadelphia. Tli is sketch of the services of Col. Price can be fitly closed by quoting the following words, written by a former commanding officer of his Regiment now an officer of the regular army to a personal friend, in 1865: "* * There never was, or could be, an officer more willing and anxious to hold himself up to the strict, stern and varied requirements of his official duty than is Maj. Price. With him, lofty and pure patriotism, and a desire to do everything he can to further the interest of the public service regardless of what consideration he is to receive, and as to whe ther he will be popular with, or disliked by, those around him are the grand paramount incentives. I will be more than pleased to have him again with me as we move to the front for the final struggle. * * * " HENRY W. CARRUTHERS, FIRST LIEUTENANT AND ADJUTANT. NINETY- SEVENTH P. V.; A. A. A. GENERAL, FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVI SION, TENTH CORPS; CAPTAIN COMPANY C, NINETY-SEVENTH P. V. Henry W. Carruthers was born at Lawrence ville, 111., November 5, 1835. His father, George W. Carruthers, was a promising young lawyer of that place, who died while Henry was a child. His mother, Jemima P. Carruthers, then returned to Pennsylvania, her native State. At the age of fourteen years, her son Henry was put apprentice to his uncle, Hon. Henry S. Evans, editor of the Village Record, West Chester, Pa., to learn the printing business, where he re- 438 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. mained until he attained his twenty-first year, becoming an excellent printer and an efficient assistant in conducting the business of the office. At the end of his apprenticeship, he entered upon the study of law, with Joseph Hemphill, Esq., in West Chester, and was ad mitted to the bar of the courts of Chester and Delaware Counties, in February, 1858. He had a fine education and a graceful, popu lar style of oratory, which promised usefulness and distinction in his profession. He was engaged in the practice of the law until the spring of 1861, when, the rebellion having culminated in the attack upon Fort Sumter, he joined the ardent and patriotic young men of West Chester in raising troops to support the government. He had previously become a citizen soldier as a member of Capt. Henry R. Guss company of National Guards. This company (which was one of the first in the State to respond to the call of the Governor for troops to serve in the national defence) was accepted into the service, at Harrisburg, and attached to the 9th Regiment P. V. In this regiment he served as a private during the three months campaign, preferring that position among his immediate friends ,to that of adjutant in another (the 14th Regiment), which position had been tendered him at Harrisburg. The 9th Regiment was at tached to Gen. Patterson s command, in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and, at the expiration of its term of service, was discharged, by order of the Secretary of War, when Private Carruthers returned with his company to W^est Chester. Immediately after the discharge of the 9th Regiment, Col. Henry R. Guss received authority, from Secretary Cameron, to recruit a regiment for the three years service. H. W. Carruthers entered with spirit into co-operation with Col. Guss in the furtherance of this object. Being of an active, energetic and enthusiastic tempera ment and having added the experience of three months active ser vice in the field to a proficiency in military drill and tactics ac quired in training with the old guards he was eminently fitted to contribute to the success which organized and sent to the field a regiment that was destined to achieve an enviable record in the history of the war. With that record, the name of Capt. Henry W. Carruthers will pass to future generations as one of the noble, patriot, martyr heroes who gave their lives that their government might not perish. He was commissioned 1st lieutenant of Company C, in the 97th HENRY W. CARRUTHERS, A. A. A. GENERAL; TENTH CORPS. 439 Regiment P. V. and mustered into the service of the United States on September 11, 1861. His military proficiency contributed largely to the rapid organization and perfection of that company in the discipline requisite to prepare it for active sericve. Upon the completion of the organization of the Regiment, on Oc tober 29, 1861, Lieut. Carruthers was appointed adjutant, which position he held until near the end of the period of service, perform ing the duties thereof with ability and fidelity rarely equalled. He possessed administrative qualities that eminently qualified him for his post and rendered his services invaluable to the commander of the Regiment. In the performance of the complicated duties, comprised in regi mental reports, returns, etc., and in making the details from the roster, for the varied duties of the command, Adjt. Carruthers was ever most prompt, efficient and correct. These being made strictly in accordance with the Revised Army Regulations did not, however, always prevent a perplexed acting assistant adjutant general sending for explanation or alteration. The result usually demonstrated that the non-conformity was nearer head-q it .rters. To pursue consecutively the record of the services of this officer would extend this sketch beyond the limit allotted it in the State history.* The history of his Regiment will be recorded, and it only need be written here that he was always present in action when with his Regiment, and, if possible, near his Regiment when upon the staff of its brigade commander. In the first engagement in which his Regiment saw service on John and James Islands, S. C., in June, 1862, Adjt. Carruthers gave indication of those qualities of energy and self-possession that were afterwards such distinguish ing traits in his military career. In August, 1862, after the return of the first expedition against Charleston, to Hilton Head, S. C., Adjt. Carruthers was appointed acting assistant adjutant general upon the staff of Col. Guss, then in command of that post. He subsequently held the position 01 acting assistant adjutant general upon the staff of Col. Guss, com manding the 1st brigade, Gen. Terry s division, in the second cam paign agiinst Charleston, in April and May, 1863. Upon the occupation of Morris Island, in July. 1863, Col. Guss *Tbis sketch was originally prepared for Prof. S. P. Bate:*, State Historian. 440 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. was assigned to the command of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th Corps, and Adjt. Carruthers was again appointed acting assistant adjutant general, and continued to perform the duties of that posi tion during the siege of Fort Wagner and until the forces were re lieved after the fall of Forts Wagner and Gregg. During this siege Adjt. Carruthers was constantly on duty, and assisted regularly and faithfully in the arduous and exposing service of changing the relief on duty in the trenches, whenever details were made from his brigade. To appreciate fully this service, it is necessary to have realized the responsibilities of an officer in charge of the trenches during a siege, such as that of Fort Wagner, Port Hudson or Vicksburg. At Fernandina, Fla., October 6, 1863, Col. H. R. Guss was com mandant of that post, and appointed Adjt. Carruthers post adjutant and acting assistant inspector general, which duties he performed with marked ability. At that post, Adjt. Carruthers was twice detailed as the judge advocate of a general court-martial, of which Maj. G. Pennypacker was president. To the discharge of this duty, he brought rare legal qualifications; having charge of the conflicting interests of both the court and the prisoners arraigned for trial, conducting the cases with a justice and impartiality commensurate with the serious nature of the charges preferred. About March 31, 1864, he returned home with Col. Guss and the re-enlisted men of the Regiment, who received furloughs of thirty days. At the expiration of the furlough he rejoined the Regiment, then at Bermuda Hundred, Va., with the men in charge, and upon Col. Guss being assigned to the command of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 10th Corps, Adjt. Carruthers was again appointed acting assistant adjutant general and performed the duties of that office until Col. Guss left the service, in June, 1864, when he rejoined his Regiment, having served with distinction in the operations under Gen. Butler, from May 16 to June 2, 1864. He continued with the Regiment during the remainder of his life, four times declining the appointment tendered him of acting assistant adjutant general upon the staff of Col. Louis Bell, then in command of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 10th Corps. On June 6, 1864, at Cold Harbor, Va., he received his com mission as captain of Company C, 97th P. V., Capt. Price having been commissioned as major of the Regiment upon the same date, April 3, 1864. Both these officers were, however, prevented from HENRY W. CARRUTHERS, A. A. A. GENERAL; TENTH CORPS. 441 l>eing mustered in their advanced grades, owing to the absence of Lieut. Col. Pennypacker, on account of wounds. In the advance upon Petersburg Heights, Va., on June 15, 1864, and the subsequent operations in front of the enemy s intrenched lines, the co-operation of Capt. Carruthers (who continued to per form the duties of adjutant) was invaluable to the commander of the Regiment. The real worth and the services of such an officer could only be known and appreciated by one whose good fortune it was to have his aid throughout a campaign such as that in Virginia, from May to October, 1864. The casualties of the service had left the writer of this memoir in command of the Regiment with no other field officer present to share the duties and responsibilities of the command. During this period of arduous service in the trenches he was always at his post, and by his promptitude 1 and efficiency did very much to secure success. There was no duty, no responsibility, no danger to be met, which his cool thought and counsel did not render less difficult. For over four months sharing the same shelter in bivouac, never separated for half an hour, day or night, often without laying aside either clothing or accoutrements, required to be ready for instant service, the night attack has been met at the moment of being aroused from sleep. He was never missed from his place, for the whole aim of his life seemed to centre in being found at his post when duty called. It could not be otherwise than that such an officer must come to be cherished, also, as the companion and friend. Having a mind well stored with the fruits of patient study and culture, with tastes refined, an unsullied honor, a genial heart and exuberant nature, there was a charm in his society and a buoyancy in the lively wit, that sometimes sparkled in his conversation, rendering the close companionship of camp life most pleasant and welcome, cheering the path of duty with bright, happy hours that will long live in the memory of those who survive that eventful period. This tribute to his faithful services, in the cause of his country, is felt to be but a faint testimonial to his co-operation and efficient aid, through the toils of the campaign, which his faithfulness as an officer, and his companionship as a friend and co-laborer, did so much to lighten and to relieve. The 14th of August, 1864, terminated this intimate and harmo nious companionship and co-operation in the cause of our country. 442 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Col. Pennypacker (now brevet major general U. S. Army), having recovered from his wounds (received on May 20, 1864), resumed command of the Regiment. An illness (for some time impending) then sent the writer to the U. S. General Hospital, at Fortress Monroe, Va. The Regiment was engaged in action, at Deep Bottom and Mal- vern Hill, August 14 and 15; and, on the 16th, at Strawberry Plains, Va. In this action, Capt. Carruthers was mortally wounded by a Minie ball passing through the upper lumbar vertebra?, sever ing the spinal cord. He was borne off the field by his comrades, and was sent to the Chesapeake Hospital, at Fortress Monroe. He received every attention that the best medical and surgical skill could devise, but all was in vain, the fatal shaft had sped, and his life must ebb away. He died, on August 22, 1864, at Fortress Monroe, Va., in the twenty-ninth year of his age. The sad intelligence reached the writer, in another ward of the hospital, telling that the friend, companion and coadjutor of those months of toil and danger was now lying wounded near and must die; and when the application to be carried to see him could not be granted, for fear of danger to both, it was indeed realized how stern were the vicissitudes of a soldier s fate ! The denial must be patiently borne, even as lie, whose spirit was passing away, was bravely and patiently meeting the en,d, as he had always met every duty in life ; with a calm trust and confidence in God, who regardcth integrity of purpose in the heart and giveth unto it his enduring peace. Young and gifted, with the brightness and joy of life yet before him untasted, he obeyed the call of his country and devoted his life to the path of duty, which he most nobly and faithfully followed through those eventful years until, at his post, " He has fallen with his armor on, And his last breath crying onward! But the brightness and the joy of his young life are not lost! nor is the sacrifice in vain ! for the reward of the faithful and the pure in heart are his forever, and his name is registered on the Roll of Honor, immortal with the history and glory of the country his life was freely given to save. The following resolutions, adopted at a meeting of the Bar of Chester County, are appended as a most fitting tribute to the worth JO-HN R.EVERHART Surgeon 97 JOHN R. EVERHART, SURGEON; BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL. 443 and characteV of Capt. Carruthers from his brother members of the legal profession : At a mooting of the Bar, held at the office of Joseph Hemphill, Esq., August 25, 18(54, the following preamble and resolutions, relative to the death of ( apt. Henry W. Carruthers, were adopted: We have received the sad announcement of the death of ( apt. Henry W. Carruthers, Adjutant of the 97th Regiment, I*. V. and a member of this Bur Therefore, as a brief expression of our sorrow, be it Resolved, That in the death of our dear friend and brother, we feel that one of the best and most promising of our circle has been taken from us one who generously gave up his young life so full of vigor and hope in defence of his country. The industry with which he pursued his preparatory studies for the Bar the energy with which he applied himself to the duties of his profession his ho norable bearing the courteous, the kind and gentle spirit which always graced his intercourse with us his loyalty his patriotism his humanity his courage and finally his heroic death, make his brave and beautiful life precious to all his friends and brethren. In the manner of his death we are reminded that he is the fifth martyr from our midst and we fondly associate his name with the honored names of Bell, Ro berts, Mclntire and Nields and will keep them all in affectionate remembrance. Resolved, That the members of the Bar, in a body, attend the funeral of the deceased. 9 Resolved, That a copy of these resolution be furnished to the family of the de ceased, and that they be published in the newspapers of the Borough. Jos. HEMPHILL, Chairman. WILLIAM T. HAINES, Secretary. JOHN R. EVERHART, SURGEON NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENN SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS; BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL U. S. VOLS. Dr. John Rospell Everhart comes of Revolutionary stock, botli of his grandfathers having been soldiers in Washington s Army. His father, the late Hon. William Everhart, was captain of a vo lunteer rifle company, which he raised to serve in the last war with England. He was a prominent merchant for fifty years, well known in the American and some of the European cities as a man of busi ness capacity and credit. In early life, going to Europe to facilitate arrangements for im porting merchandise, he was wrecked, in the Albion packet ship, near Old Kingsale Head, on the coast of Ireland, a disaster long memorable for the total loss of the vessel and almost all on board, the other cabin passengers and nearly all the crew having perished in the waves. 444 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. i Settling in West Chester, Pa., he gave the first impulse to the improvement of that ancient borough by purchasing an adjoining farm and laying it out in squares and streets, advantageously for opening building lots. During the early part of the Kansas-Nebraska struggle, he satis factorily represented the Chester and Delaware District in the Na tional Congress. Dr. Everhart was born in West Chester, in 1828, received his early education at the old academy and graduated at Princeton College, N. J., in 1850. He then entered upon the study of medi cine and, three years later, received a physician s diploma from the University of Pennsylvania. He soon afterward went to Paris in order to further prosecute his studies in medicine and surgery, under the most eminent professors of that city. Returning home he ac quired an excellent practice. About 1859, when the Asiatic cholera broke out in the Chester County Almshouse, assuming a very malignant type, he visited the. sick and tendered his aid to the attending physician. He was un usually fortunate in many surgical cases, and performed one of the first successful operations for cataract in Chester County. At the commencement of the rebellion, he received from the State Board of Medical Examiners the appointment of surgeon and was assigned to the 97th P. V. His first duty in this capacity was the examination and medical inspection of the men enlisted for that Regiment. To his care, in this respect, was due the high physical standard of the men accepted and passed for muster in the different companies. During the three and a half years of service, he earned the ap probation of both officers and men, through his diligence, skill and courage, in attending the wounded on the field and the sick in hospitals, especially during the prevalence of yellow fever among the troops, at Hilton Head, S. C., in 1862, when, owing to his care and skill in treatment and prompt and efficient sanitary regu lations, the disease was quickly subdued within the limits of his command. At that post, he was appointed a member of the Board of Medi cal Examiners for the Department of the South, by Maj. Gen. Hunter. He also served for a considerable time as brigade sur geon upon the staff of Col. H. R. Guss, both in 1863 and 1864. At Fernandina, Fla., in October, 1863, he was appointed post JOHN R. EVERHART, SURGEON; BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL. 445 sugeon. His organization of that department of the service was most efficient and complete, securing every convenience, comfort and attention for the inmates of the post hospital, which also in cluded the custody and care of the sick prisoners, under sentence of court-martial in the Department of the South. Upon the occasion of an official visit of inspection by Lieut. Cols. Michael R. Morgan and R. H. Jackson, the former commissary of subsistence and the latter inspector general of the department, the sanitary condition of the hospital was pronounced by them as the best of any they had inspected in the department. They compli mented Dr. Everhart very highly for his admirable management and success in bringing his department into such order and excellent condition ; a compliment most justly deserved. No surgeon in the service could be more devoted in personal attention to the duties entrusted to his charge, nor more faithful in attention to the men, most especially on the field in action, where he was always found at his post, and well up to the front, so as to be on hand, that when any of the men fell they could receive immediate attention. It was always feared that in looking after the wounded he was too regard less of his own safety. Dr. Everhart served continuously in the field from the time the Regiment left Camp Wayne, November 16, 1861, until February 24, 1864, when he received a short leave of absence and returned home. He was again at his post on March 17, having occupied twenty days in making the trip, from Fernandina, Fla., to West Chester, and return at a time when no important operations were going on. Upon the organization of the Army of the James, by Gen. B. F. Butler, in May, 1864, Dr. Everhart was appointed brigade surgeon, 1st brigade, 3d division, l()th Corps, in which capacity he continued to serve during the campaigns of that army, participating in most of the important operations of Grant s forces, before Richmond and Petersburg, Va. His services were always recognized as most effi cient and faithful, as well by his medical and surgical coadjutors as by the men whose fortune it was to receive his professional attention and considerate treatment, He continued upon duty after the expi ration of the three years term, until the close of active operations north of the James River, and was then mustered out of service, at Chapin s Farm, Va., November 12, 1864, having served three years and three months. He subsequently received brevet promotion, 446 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. from Gov. A. G. Curtin, to rank as lieutenant colonel from October 31, 1864. During the summer of 1872, he visited Europe, in company with Maj. Gen. G. Pennypacker, and together they traveled extensively through Great Britain and upon the continent. GEORGE W. HAWKINS, CAPTAIN COMPANY I, NINETY -SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS; LIEUTENANT COLONEL. George W. Hawkins* was born in Chester, Delaware County, Pa., November 18, 1827. He was the son of John Hawkins, a pro minent and highly esteemed citizen of the same county, who served as a lieutenant of infantry in the war of 1812, and remained con nected with the army until the close of the war. The patriotic element of his character was largely inherited by his son. When quite a youth, the latter displayed those deep and true feelings of patriotic zeal which characterized his after life. The down-trodden and oppressed of every nation and every color found in him a truly sympathizing friend. The voice of liberty in every clime found a response in his unselfish heart. At the time of the Crimean war, although quite young, he en countered a conflict of feeling, between the impulses of his enthu siastic nature on the one hand, while on the other were the demands of duty to home and friends which bound him to his native land. But when the trump of war sounded within the borders of his own nation, love of country, that high and holy sentiment which stirs every true man s soul, predominated over every other consideration. Although his life had become enshrined in a home with wife and children, held in deep and pure affection; repressing the promptings of these ties, at the call of his country, he rallied beneath the folds of her flag to lend his aid to preserve it from dishonor at the hands of traitors. On April 25, 1861, he enrolled his name as a private in the Washington Grays, of Philadelphia, Capt. Thomas P. Parry, which became Company A in the 17th P. V., commanded by Col. Francis E. Patterson. The regiment served during the three months cam paign, under Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson s command, in Maryland and Virginia and the border counties of Pennsylvania. * Revised from a biographical sketch prepared by his wife. GEORGE \V. HAWKINS, CAPTAIN COMPANY I. 447 This term of service was marked by no particular incident. At its expiration, he received his discharge, at Harrisburg, Pa., August 2, 1861, and returned home, having served with credit with his com pany and Regiment. From childhood, he had been a dee]) thinker and an attentive reader; admiration for military history and characters led him to study these with interest, thus becoming familiar with ideas of a soldier s life. Actual service tended to develop that taste into an ardor which found full opportunity for exercise in the service. The rule with him was to make an object of whatever he under took. During the three months service in the field, he had directed his attention to the study of military tactics, theoretically and prac tically. This soon qualified him for position as an officer. Feeling that his country still claimed his services, he devoted himself to the work of raising a company. Notwithstanding his earnestness, he foimd recruiting to be no easy work, but his zeal never flagged. With his accustomed perse verance and industry, he worked on until his aim was accomplished and the organization of his company on the way to success. It was attached to the 97th Regiment, as Company I, in October, 1861. The Regiment was ordered to the field at the opening of winter. When it would seem that their homes were the most attractive, the soldiers must leave them for the hard realities of war. With his peculiar adaptation, both mentally and physically, for the life he had chosen, Capt. Hawkins braced himself against all inward struggles in preparation for the service which perhaps would require his life in sacrifice. The duty in the Department of the South, to which the Regiment was assigned, proved a severe tax upon northern men; its effects began to tell upon him with many others of the Regiment. But he held out against every adverse in fluence, feeling that his place was there, and he dare not flinch. He shared cheerfully in all the duties which fell to the lot of the Regiment, participating in all its engagements, in some instances occupying positions of importance with his company at the front. His discernment of character and political events was strikingly clear and correct. In a letter to a friend, in September, 1862, just after the arrival of Gen. O. M. Mitchel, at Hilton Head, S. C., to take command of the Department of the South, Capt. Hawkins says: "Within a few weeks the command of this Department has been transferred to Maj. Gen. O. M. Mitchel. He has already 448 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. gained the confidence and respect of both officers and men by his soldierly bearing, his intense interest, his gentle firmness, and his clear judgment. We see in him the "coming man," a leader who will achieve something worthy of renown." He read his noble general s qualities correctly, but his early death he could as little foresee as his own. Had Gen. Mitchel s valuable life been spared, who can tell what results might have followed from his well-directed efforts. In October, 1862, Capt, Hawkins was detailed upon recruiting service and ordered to return to Pennsylvania. This was a happy and unexpected change, affording him an opportunity of once again meeting the dear ones at home, although a cloud had passed over that home during his absence. The family circle had been broken, the brightest and thriftiest bud had been nipped, by the frost of death, and the little mound in the cemetery was all that was left him of the happy rosy child he had treasured. In the spring of 1863, he returned to South Carolina, where the Regiment was still upon duty. On the evening of July 18, 1863, during the assault upon Fort Wagner, Capt. Hawkins was placed in temporary command of Company H, which, with Companies A and F, under command of Lieut. Col. Duer, were ordered to the front after the repulse of our forces. Those companies held the line close to the walls of the fort, during the entire night and the following day, until relieved after dark. The position was one of great importance and danger. His earnest devotion to duty rendered him peculiarly fitted for the most active service he was courageous to a fault and shrank from no responsibility or danger ; no task was too arduous, no sacri fice too great. The duties were incessant during the summer and the climate extremely trying to the health of the men. In October, the Regiment was ordered to Florida for the winter. By spring the condition of health was much improved. A portion of the Regiment re-enlisted as veterans. Thirty-eight men of Com pany I consented to do so upon condition of Capt. Hawkins remain ing with them. This was unmistakable evidence of their apprecia tion of him as a leader. The heavy re-enlistment in his company cheered him with the hope of again seeing his home and friends; but, owing to the fact that other officers of the Regiment not having had an opportunity of visiting their homes since entering the service, his anticipation GEORGE W. HAWKINS, CAPTAIN COMPANY I. 449 was prevented from being realized. He was never again permitted to look upon the faces of those he loved so deeply. In April, 1864, orders came to embark for the north, to join the Army of the James, then being organized at Gloucester Point, Va. This he regarded as an unfortunate move for the Regiment, and time proved it sadly. The mere fragment of officers and men who survived that campaign attest how correct were his conjectures. With the exception of a short time, previous to the expiration of his term cf service, Capt. Hawkins participated in all the marches and engagements before Richmond and Petersburg, at Swift Creek, Drury s Bluff, Green Plains, Cold Harbor, Petersburg Heights, Strawberry Plains and Deep Bottom, Va. At Wier Bottom Church, on August 25, he commanded a detach ment of the Regiment and was ordered to advance and re-establish o the line at a point where the enemy had succeeded in breaking it. This he did with a promptness and success that received the com mendation of those who witnessed the movement. Through all these engagements he was carried in safety, until the day of the ex piration of his term of service and upon which he was to have been mustered out, October 27, 1864. The forces were about to move upon the enemy on that morning, at Darby Town, Va. Upon re ceiving information of this he claimed the opportunity of leading the Regiment into action, though apprized by his brigade com mander of his privilege of exemption from duty as his term had ex pired. Being the senior officer present, he determined to lead the Regiment in action and assumed the command. The enemy were encountered at Darby Town, where a severe engagement ensued, in which the gallant Ninety-Seventh Regiment again distinguished itself, in an impetuous charge upon the enemy s works, where Capt. Hawkins fell, severely wounded in the leg. After being removed from the field, amputation was performed at the field hos pital, but he died soon after the operation, on the morning of the 28th. He was immediately buried, near the battle field, before it was known by any of the Regiment that he had died. Qr. Mr. Jones, upon making inquiry at the hospital, on that morning, as to his condition and if he could see him, was astonished to hear that he was dead and buried. He had the body disinterred at once, embalmed and sent home to his family. His funeral from his father s residence, in West Philadelphia, on November 7, 1864, was attended by many friends who deeply 29 450 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. sympathized with his bereaved family. A number of the members of his Regiment were also present. His remains were laid in Mount Moriah Cemetery, in his native county. Upon receiving information! of his death, Gov. Curtin immediately issued a commission as lieutenant colonel, and forwarded it to his family in recognition of the services which had cost his life. A well-merited tribute, no doubt, but of how little avail for the healing of their grief. Of Lieut. Col. Hawkins it might with much truth be said that his devoted patriotism and unflinching bravery as a soldier, his high- toned principles and dignity of purpose as a man and a citizen, ren dered his character such as society most needs. It was just such citizens that, as soldiers of the Republic, were required to expiate the sin of the nation. When the clouds of anxiety and painful suspense which long had weighed so heavily upon many hearts all over the land, had well nigh scattered from about his home, and the star of expectation had almost reached its zenith, there came the woeful message that was to crush the loving hearts of his dear ones beyond a healing, wrecking every promise and hope of earthly happiness forever. What pen can describe the soul-saddening grief nigh unto despair sent by such agonizing death messages into thousands of once happy hearts and bright expectant home firesides, by this relentness, cruel rebellion. The following notice of the death of Lieut. Col. Hawkins, from the Delaware County Republican, is selected from several others : DEATH OF A BRAVE SOLDIER. Capt. George W. Hawkins, of Company I, 97th Regiment, P. V., was mortally wounded on the 27th ult., in an engagement with the enemy, near Chapin s Farm, Va. , while in command of the Regiment, and died the same evening at the 10th Corps Field Hospital. Capt. Hawkins was the son of John Hawkins, of Upper Darby, and is the second son killed during the rebellion. He entered the 97th Regiment three years ago, after serving with the three months men, and would have been mustered out of service the day after his death. He was in the battles at Morris Island, Drury s Bluff, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Cold Harbor, Bermuda Hundred, and in all the different skirmishes and engagements in Virginia in which his Regiment participated while he was attached to the army. On every occasion he displayed great courage, and was always at the head of his company in battle and in skirmish. But few men better understood this terrible war. He saw and felt the necessity of subjugating the enemy, and was anxious to employ every means at the dis posal of the Government to that end. He laid down his life for his country at the age of thirty-seven years. His remains were taken to his parents residence, from whence they were interred. JOHN WAINWRIGHT, COLONEL. 451 Lieut. Col. Hawkins left a wife between whom and himself a pe culiarly tender attachment existed, whose naturally delicate consti tution, severely shattered by her bereavement, has had to encounter alone the cares and anxieties attendant upon the necessity to pro vide for the maintenance and education of their four orphaned children, two boys and two girls, the eldest at the time of their father s death just old enough to remember him when he left them to go to the war, and to anticipate, with all the joyousness of childish affection; the return and the fond embrace of a father s love that was destined to meet such bitter disappointment. These now mourn their loss in sad sacrifice of life s best hope. Yet with beau tiful resignation and patience they strive to prove brave and faithful to every duty worthy wife and children of the patriot husband and father. JOHN WAINWRIGHT, COLONEL NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYL VANIA VOLUNTEERS. John Wainwright was the son of Samuel F. Wainwright, a native of Railway, N. J., but at the time of the birth of his son, July 13, 1839, a resident of Syracuse, N. Y. His mother s maiden name was Maria Humphrey. While their son was quite young, they returned to Rahway, for a short time, and from thence removed to the city of New York, where John received his education at the public schools. In 1863, he removed with his parents to Delaware, where he learned coach and ornamental painting. At the breaking out of the rebellion, he was engaged at his oc cupation at West Chester, Pa. He was among the first to respond to the call for volunteers, and enlisted April 18, 1861, as a private in Company G (Capt. B. H. Sweeney), 2d P. V., for the three months service. His regiment served with Gen. Patterson s command in Maryland, principally in the Shenandoah Valley, Martinsburg, Charlestown, Harper s Ferry and vicinity. At the expiration of this term of service he was honorably discharged, with his company, at Harrisburg, Pa., July 26, 1861. On September 23, 1861, he re-entered the service in Company F, 97th P. V., for three years; was appointed, by Capt. Lewis, 1st sergeant of the company, same date; assigned to duty at Camp Wayne, to drill and instruct the recruits for the company, and thus 452 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. rendered valuable aid in perfecting the efficiency of the men while at that place. He was promoted to 2d lieutenant of Company F, January 10, 1862, at Hilton Head, S. C.; was wounded on the night of June 12, 1862, while on picket, on James Island, 8. C., by a musket shot through the right thigh, and was disabled in regimental hospital for several weeks, under the care of Surgeon Everhart, to whose faithful attention his rapid recovery was mainly owing. Promoted to 1st lieutenant, March 1, 1863, at St. Helena Island, S. C., detailed acting adjutant of the 97th P. V., by Special Order No. 10. at Seabrook Island, S. C., May 10, 1863, and was relieved by Special Order No. 17, at the same place, June 11, 1863; was as signed temporarily to command of Company H, by Special Order No. 20, at Seabrook Island, July 4, 1863, and was relieved by Spe cial Order No. 25, at Morris Island, S. C., September 7, 1863, and directed to take command of Company F, in the absence of Capt. Lewis on detached service; participated in all the siege opera tions which resulted in the capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg. He retained command of Company F until November 5, 1863. He was assigned to command of Company I by Special Order No. 3, at Fernandina, Fla., February 25, 1864; relieved and returned to duty with Company F, by Par. I, Special Order No. 5, March 4, 1864; received furlough of thirty days to return home with veterans of the Regiment, and left Fernandina, March 27, 1864. While at home on furlough, he was married, on April 18, 1864, to Miss Emma M. Edwards, of Coatesville, Pa. He rejoined the Regiment at Foster s Place, Va., May 14, 1864, and was assigned to command of Company E, by Par. II, Special Order No. 20, May 17, 1864; was relieved from command of Com pany E and assigned to command of Company F, by Par. Ill, Spe cial Order No. , at White House, Va., June 13, 1864. About August 26, 1864, he was temporarily in command of the Regiment for a short time, as senior officer present during the absence of Maj. Price in U. S. Hospital; was again detailed as acting adjutant of the Regiment from September 14 to October 28, 1864; he then as sumed command of the Regiment as senior officer present for duty, and retained the command except for a short interval during the remainder of the war; was commissioned captain of Company F, by Gov. Curtin, November 1, 1864, but declined muster, desiring to be mustered out of service on account of expration of term. He, however, remained in command of the Regiment, awaiting op- JOHN WAINWRIGHT, COLONEL. I ") portunity for discharge. Received lionorable mention in Gen. B. F. Butler s Congratulatory Order to the Army of the James, dated Oc tober 11, 1864, for conducting the Regiment in the assault upon the rebel works at Spring Hill (Fort Gilmcr), near Richmond, Va., Sep tember 29, 1864. He accompanied Gen. Butler s first expedition against Fort Fisher, N. C., in December, 1864, and while leading the Regiment in the final assault upon Fort Fisher, by Gen. Terry s forces, January 15, 1865, received a slight wound in the right shoulder from a spent grape shot. He was promoted, by order of War Department, to brevet captain and brevet major, to date from January 15, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service in storming Fort Fisher, January 15, 1865. He now determined to remain with the Regiment during the re mainder of the service. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel, to date from January 15, 1865 ; but, owing to delay in receiving his commission, was superseded in the command of the Regiment by the return of Capt. William II. Martin, with the men left at Chapin s Farm, Va. He having been mustered as captain of Com pany A, became senior in rank to Lieut. Wainwright, and assumed command of the Regiment about February 15, 1864. Lieut. Wain wright was then detailed acting adjutant. With the Regiment he participated in the movements of Gens. Schofield s and Terry s forces, which resulted in the the capture of Wilmington, Goldsboro and Raleigh, and, with the other forces, had joined Sherman s Army previous to Johnson s surrender. Meanwhile, on April 19, 1865, he was mustered as lieutenant colonel, at Raleigh, N. C., by Lieut. Seward, U. S. Commissary of Musters, to rank from January 15, 1865, and resumed command, retaining it until July 10, 1865, when he was assigned to command of the post of Gaston, N. C., having been commissioned and mus tered colonel of the Regiment, June 15, 1865, to rank from June 1, 1865, vice Col. G. Pennypacker, promoted to brigadier general U. S. Vols. Col. Wainwright remained in command of the post at Gaston until the muster-out of the Regiment at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865. He then conducted the Regiment to Philadelphia, Pa., where at Camp Cadwalader the men were paid by Maj. D. Taggart and finally discharged. Col. Wainwright entered the service as a private and successively held every intervening rank in his Regiment, to that of colonel, its 454 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. highest officer. It is seldom that circumstances afford a similar op portunity for promotion. He was always a faithful and attentive officer in every position, and well deserved the good fortune that opened the way before him for advancement. Since the close of the war, Col. Wainwright has resided in Wil mington, Del., engaged in mercantile business, where as a citizen he is popular and highly esteemed. WILLIAM H. MARTIN, LIEUTENANT COLONEL NINETY-SEVENTH REGI MENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. William Henry Martin was born in Alleghany City, Pa., April 25, 1841. He was the son of William Martin, a native of Western Pennsylvania, now, at an advanced age, a resident of Philadelphia, with an only daughter.* His mother, Catharine Amanda Peirce, died at Parkesburg, Chester County, Pa., July 12, 1857, leaving a family of six children. The family had removed to Chester County when William was about two years of age, and continued to reside in the western sec tion of it, and in adjacent portions of Lancaster County, until the rebellion occurred. William received a liberal education in the neighboring schools, working upon the farm meantime, and had learned the trade of a carpenter. When the news of the firing upon Fort Sumter was received, his father said to his boys : " Go, boys, to the war; don t let that glorious flag go down," and wished he had more boys old enough for the service.f Three sons enlisted. William entered the three months service as a private in Company A, 9th P. V., April 22, 1861. After his return home, he re-enlisted for three years, in Company A, 97th P. V., August 22, 1861, and was appointed a corporal to date from muster. On September 10, 1862, at Hilton Head, S. C., he was detailed with Capt. F. M. Guss, and others of the Regiment, upon * Mr. Martin died, in Philadelphia, Pa., December 31, 1873, aged seventy years, eight months and ten days. f Two brothers of Lieut. Col. Martin served in Company I, 7th Pennsylvania Reserves. Both were captured at the battle of the Wilderness with others of their regiment. The eldest, Gainer P. Martin, died from confinement and starvation, at Andersonville, Ga., October 10, 1864, in that horrid prison pen. George, the youngest, was paroled about the same time and reached home a mere skeleton, the shadow of a man. WILLIAM H. MARTIN, LIEUTENANT COLONEL. 455 recruiting service in Pennsylvania. Upon their arrival at Harris- burg, Pa., Corp. Martin was sent first to West Chester and after ward to Christiana, Lancaster County. He rejoined the Regiment, at St. Helena Island, S. C., December 25, 186*2. He re-enlisted as one of the veteran volunteers, at Fernandina, Fla., February 29, 1864, and returned home upon furlough with the other men of his Regiment, March 27, 1864; having been promoted to sergeant, March 4, 1864, rejoined the Regiment at Foster s Place, Va., May 14, 1864. On August 4, 1864, he was promoted to 1st sergeant, to rank from July 1, 1864, and on October 4, 1864, he was promoted to 2d lieutenant. As 1st sergeant, he commanded his company in action, at Fort Gilmer, Va., September 29, 1864; as 2d lieutenant, at Darby Town, October 7, and received honorable mention in Gen. Butler s Congratulatory Order, October 11, 1864, being recom mended for promotion to 1st lieutenant. He was promoted to 1st lieutenant, October 31, 1864. When the first expedition (under Butler) started for Fort Fisher, N. C., 1st Lieut. Martin was left at Chapin s Farm, Va., in charge of the camp and detachment of the Regiment, mostly convalescents and men who had recently joined. On January 8, 1865, he was detailed as assistant acting adjutant general on the staff of Col. Granger, 9th Maine, commanding the detachment of the 2d division, in which capacity he served until he was ordered with the detachment to rejoin the regiment after the assault at Fort Fisher. Having been commissioned and mustered as captain of Company A, to rank from January 1, 1865, upon rejoining the regiment at Fort Fisher, N. C., he relieved Lieut. Wainwright of the command and conducted the regiment upon the advance through Wilmington, N. C., to Faisson s Station, N. C. On April 19, 1865, he was superseded in command by the muster of Lieut. Col. Wainwright. On May 12, 1865, he was detailed upon general court-martial, at Raleigh, N. C., by Special Order No. 31, Head-Quarters 10th Corps. On June 20, he was detailed to instruct the freedmen and others in regard to their duties under the terms of the President s procla mation and to settle difficulties at contiguous plantations, in which he was engaged two days, visiting various localities. On June 21, he was again detailed upon general court-martial, at Raleigh, N. C., by Special Order No. 74, Head-Quarters 10th Corps, and again on July 11, 1865, by Special Order No. 90, Par. VI, 456 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Head-Quarters 10th Corps. The time engaged with each detail is not given. He was mustered out with the Regiment, at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865, and returned with the men to Philadelphia. Lieut. Col. Martin returned to Raleigh, in November, 1865, where, on November 16, he was married to Miss Mattie Louisa Kirkham, youngest daughter of James H. Kirkham, Esq., whose acquaintance he had made while stationed in that vicinity. He received the ap pointment of chief of police of the city of Raleigh, where he has since continued to reside. REV. WILLIAM M. WHITEHEAD, M. D., CHAPLAIN NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. William M. Whitehead was born December 12, 1823, in Phila delphia. In early years he experienced strong religious convictions, and at the age of sixteen was baptized at Kaighn s Point. After some preparatory training he entered Madison University, N. Y., in 1844, where a remarkable deepening of his religious con victions occurred. His ordination to the work of the ministry took place in the Cal vary Church in 1850. The Beulah Church, Chester County, was the scene of his earliest ministerial labors. In 1852, he assumed the charge of the Frankford Church, where he labored seven years with great acceptance. In 1858, he removed to Great Valley, Chester County. This pastorate he resigned after four years, to accept the chaplaincy of the 97th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, November, 1861. He continued with the Regiment during most of the year 1862. His health becoming impaired, he resigned and was honorably dis charged, August 20, 1862. In April, 1863, he settled in McKeesport, Alleghany County, Pa. Here he became endeared to many. In 1866, he accepted the call of the New Britain Church, in the eastern section of the State. A growing family and an inadequate salary prompted him to pur sue a course of medical studies preparatory to practice in the heal ing art. He entered, in 1871, upon his joint duties as pastor and physician in Woodbury, N. J. He had at intervals suffered from a return of chronic diarrhoea contracted in the service. This now in_ creasing, he was prostrated on a bed of pain ; after lingering many months he died, Januaiy 30, 1873. Buried at Great Valley Church. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; FIELD OFFICERS. 457 CHAPTER XIV. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; FIELD AND STAFF; BAN PANIES A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I AND K. COM- PON this roster and record of service are briefly presented all the changes and promotions in the field, staff and company officers, and those of the enlisted men, who received promotion while in the service, together with a statement of casualties, deaths and discharges; compiled from the regi mental and company records, with the dates all carefully noted so far as could be ascertained. There may be a few errors and omissions, almost impossible to have been avoided, in the compilation from so large a number of names, dates and events. These, it need hardly be stated, were altogether as unintentional as unavoidable. COLONELS. Henry R. Guss, West Chester; com. July 25, 61; mus. into service at Hilton Head, S. C., to date from Oct. 24, 61, to rank from date of commission; first entered U. S. service as capt. of Co. A, 9th Regt. P. V., for 3 mos., April 22, 61. and served until July 29, 61; commanded post at Hilton Head, S. C., from Aug. 1 to Sept, 22, 62; again from Oct. 30 to Nov. 10, 62; commanded 1st brig., 1st div., 10th corps, from April 3 to June 15, 63; again from Aug. 1 to Oct. 1, 63; was in command of post at Fernandina, Fla., from Oct. 5, 63, to April 1, 64; then received his first leave of absence to accompany the re-enlisted veterans of his regt, returning home for 30 days furlough; rejoined regt, at Drury s Bluff, near Richmond, Va., May 14, 64, and was assigned to command of 1st brig., 3d div., 10th corps, with Army of the James, until May 28, 64, when assigned to command of 3d brig., 2d div., 10th corps, which com mand he retained until June 2, 64, when he tendered his resignation to the commanding general, which being accepted, June 22, 64, be was hon. dis., having served nearly 3 yrs. with faithfulness and great de votion to the duties of every command ; he was subsequently promoted to the rank of brev. brig, and brev. maj. gen., U. S. Vols., to rank from March 13, 65. 458 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Galusha Pennypacker, West Chester; pr. from lieut. col.; first entered service as priv. in Co. A, 9th Regt. P. V., for 3 mos, April 22, 61, and pr. to qr. mr. sergt. of regt. and was acting qr. mr. during most of the term ; re-entered service as capt., Co. A, 97th P. V., Aug. 22, 61, and pr. to maj. Oct. 7, 61; was in command of regt., at Camp Wayne, during the organization of the regiment, until Oct. 16, 61; and at Hilton Head, S. C., from Sept. 12 until Sept. 22. 62; again at Morris Island, S. C., from July 20 (interrupted at intervals by illness) to Sept. 15, 63; again at Fernandina, Fla., in command of regt. and of post, from April 1 to April 23, 64; then relieved in command of post of Fernandina; com manded regt. in the James River expedition until May 20, 64, when w d 3 times, on the same day, in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va.; again resumed command of regt. as lieut. col. Aug. 13, 64; having been mustered on that date, to rank from April 3, 64; commanded centre div. of brig. (76th and 97th P. V.) in an advance upon the enemy s lines, near Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 64; led his regt. continuing the ad vance, near same place, Aug. 15, 64; on which date he was mus. col. of the regt., to rank from June 22, 64; on Aug. 16, commanded regt., in action at Strawberry Plains, Va.; continued in command of regt. until Sept. 15, 64, when assigned to command of 2d brig., 2d div., 10th corps, then on duty in the trenches before Petersburg, Va., where it continued until near the end of Sept., 64; cummanded brig, in action at New Market Heights and Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 28 and 29, 64; being w d and his horse killed under him in the latter action; commanded his brig, in action at Darby Town Road, Oct. 7; again at Darby Town, Oct. 29, 64; with his brig, accompanied Gen. Butler s expedition against Fort Fisher, Dec., 64,; led his brig., the second in the assault, upon Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 64, when he was severely wounded (supposed mortally), pr. to brev. brig, gen., U. S. Vols., to rank from Jan. 15, 65; pr. to brig, gen., U. S. Vols., Feb. 18, 65, and to brev. maj. gen., U. S. Vols., March 13, 65; res. and hon. dis., May 1, 66; having served 5 yrs. and 11 days; appointed col. 34th Infty, U. S. Army, Dec. 1, 66, to rank from July 28, 66; pr. to brev. brig, gen., U. S. Army, and to brev. maj. gen. U. S. -Army, March 2, 67; transferred to command of 16th Infty, U. S. Army, March 25, 69. [Com d in Dept South, hd.-qrs. Nashville, Tenn. John Wainwright, West Chester; pr. from lieut. col. June 15, 65, to rank from June 1, 65; first entered service as priv. in Co. G, 2d P. V., for 3 mos., in April, 61; entered 3 yrs. service Sept. 23, 61, as 1st sergt., Co. F, 97th P. V.; pr. to 2d lieut. Jan. 10, 62; w d at James Island, S. C., June 9, 62; pr. to 1st lieut. March 9, 63; com. capt. Co. F, 97th P. V.; Nov. 1, 64; not mus.; was in com d of regt, as senior 1st lieut., from Oct. 28, 64, until Feb., 65; was w d while leading the regt. in the assault upon Fort Fisher, Jan. 15, 65; was act g adjt. of regt. from Feb., 65, until April 19, when com. lieut. col., to rank from Jan. 15, 65, then re sumed com d of the regt.; retained it until July 10, 65, when, as col., he was assigned to com d of post at Gaston, N. C; mus. out., with regt., Weldon, N, C., Aug. 28, 65, per S. 0. 154, C. S., hd.-qrs. Dept. N. C., dated Aug. 16, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; FIELD OFFICERS. !")! LIEUTENANT COLONELS. Augustus P. Duer, Penningtonville, Chester Co ; entered military academy (en gineering department), at West Point, July 1, 37; ap. lieut. col. Oct. 7, 61; com d regt. during a portion of the time it remained at Camp Wayne, West Chester; was again in com d at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 62; at Seabrook Island, May, 63,; and at St. Helena, S. C., was in com d of con valescent camp, from June 20 to Sept. 30 63; res. and hon. dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., April 3, 64; S. 0. 131, hd.-qrs. Dept. South, April 3, 64. Galusha Pennypacker; pr. from maj., to rank from April 3, 64; mus. Aug. 13, 64; pr. to col., to rank from June 23, 64. George W. Hawkins, Delaware Co.; pr. from capt. of Co. I, after death, being mortally w d while in com d of regt. in action, Oct. 27, 64, at Darby Town Road, Va., not mus.; died of w ds Oct. 28, 64. [Term of service exp. on the day he was w d.] John Wainwright; pr. from 1st lieut Co F; com. and mus. April 19, 65, to rank fiom Jan. 15, 65; pr. to col. June 1, 65. William II. Martin, Lancaster Co.; pr. from maj. June 1, 65; not mus. MAJORS. Galusha Pennypacker; pr. from capt. Co. A. Oct. 7, 61; pr. to lieut. col. April 3. 64. Isaiah Price, West Chester; pr. from capt. Co. C, April 3, 64; com d regt. during a portion of the siege at Morris Island, S. C., from July to Oct 63; again from May 20 to Aug. 13, 64; w d in action at Green Plains, Ber muda H d, Va., May 20, 64; mus. out at Burmuda H d, Va., Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term as capt. Co. C. [Prevented from mus. as maj. on acct. of absence of Col. Pennypacker, w d; since received pr. as brev. lieut. col. and brev. col., to date from Sept. 19, 64. William H. Martin; pr. from capt. of Co. A, March 15, 65, to rank from Jan. 15, 65; pr. to lieut. col. June 1, 65; mus. out with regt. Aug. 28, 65; vet. Leonard R. Thomas, Mortonville, Chester Co.; pr. from capt. Co. C, June 1, 65; not mus.; mus. out as capt. Co. C, Aug 28, 65. ADJUTANTS. Henry W. Carruthers, West Chester; pr. from 1st lieut. Co. C. Oct. 31, 61; first entered service as priv. in Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 61, for 3 mos.; com. 1st lieut. Co. C, Sept. 11, 61; pr. to adjt. Oct. 31, 61; act. asst. adjt. gen. on staff of Col. H. R. Guss, from Aug. 18 to Sept. 24, 62 ; again from April 3 to June 15, 63; again from Aug. 1 to Oct. 1. 63, at Morris Island, S. C.; ap. post adjt. and act. asst. insp. gen. of post of Fernandina, Fla., from Oct. 5, 63, to April 1, 64; accompanied re-enlisted vets, of regt. home on furlough; rejoined regt. May 14, 64; then ap. A. A. A. Gen. of 1st brig. 3d div., 10th corps, until June 4, 64; pr. capt. of Co. C, 97th P. V., to rank from April 3, 64 ; not mus.; severely w d in action at Straw berry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died of w ds Aug. 22, 64, at Chesapeake Hosp. Fortress Monroe, Va. Elwood P. Baldwin, West Chester; pr. from 1st sergt. Co. H, to 1st lieut. and adjt. May 26, 65; mus. out with regt. Aug. 28, 65, at Weldon, N. C. 460 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. QUARTER MASTERS. David Jones, West Chester; com. Oct. 31, 61; first entered service as 1st lieut. Co. F, 9th P. Y., April 22, 61, for 3 mos.; com. 1st lieut. Co. H, 97th P. V., Oct. 19, 61; ap. post qr. rar. at Hilton Head, S. C., from Aug. 18, 62, to Oct. 1, 63; ap. post qr. mr. at Fernandina, Fla., from Oct. 7, 63, to Feb. 25, 64; again from March 27, 64, to April 23, 64; ap. act. asst. qr. mr. 10th corps, from April 25, to Oct. 20, 64; hon. dis. at Chapin s Farm, Va., Oct. 31, 64, at exp. of term. [Since rec d, from Gov. Curtin, brev. pr. as capt., to date from Oct. 31, 64, and, from Gov. Geary, brev. pr. as maj. to date from Oct. 31, 64.] George L. Taggart, Chester Co.; pr. from qr. mr. sergt. to 1st lieut. and qr. mr., to rank from Oct. 31, 64; ap. not accepted; dis. Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. [Com. dated Jan. 1, 65.] John H. Brower, Chester Co.; pr. from qr. mr sergt. to 1st lieut. and qr. rar., June 7, 65; mus. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. SURGEONS. John R. Everhart, West Chester; com. and mus. Oct. 14, 61, for 3 yrs.; act. brig, surg., on staff of Col. Guss, from April 3 to May 1. 63; again from Aug. 1 to Oct. 1, 63; ap. post surg. at Fernandina, Fla., from Oct. 5, 63, to April 22, 64; act. brig. surg. 1st brig., 3d div., 10th corps from May 1 to Nov. 12, 64; hon. dis. at Chapin s Farm, Va., at exp. of term. [Since rec d, from Gov. Curtin, brev. pr as lieut. col., to date from Oct. 31, 64.] Pennock J. Nichols, Chester Co.; ap. Feb. 27, 65; first entered service as asst. surg., 58th P. V., Aug. 2, 62; was health officer of post at Washington, N. C.,from Jan. 11 to April 25, 64; chief surg. of Art y brig., 18th corps, from Sept. 16, 64, to March 12, 65; ordered to 97th P. V. as surg. of that regt., then at Faisson s Station, N. C., and mus. as surg. March 25, 65; act. brig. surg. of 2d brig., 2d div., 10th corps, from April 5 to July 10, 65; hon. dis. with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. ASSISTANT SURGEONS. George W. Miller, Philadelphia; com. and mus. Oct. 14, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. to charge of a ward in IT. S. Gen. Hosp., at Hilton Head, S. C., from Oct. 1, 62, to Oct. 1, 63; hon. dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., April 25, 64, to accept promotion as surg. in 50th P. V.; not mus., as the regt. was below the minimum number. [Com. surg. of 52d P. V., June 7, 64; declined; ap. asst. surg. at Summit House Hosp., Philadelphia, from June 14, 64, to March 16, 65; det. in charge of prov. marshal s office, Washington, D. C., until March 25, 65; com. 1st asst. surg., 4th regt., Hancock s 1st Corps, det. in charge of hosp., at Camp Stoneman, until June 27, 65; sub sequently enlisted as priv. in Co. K, 8th U. S. Cav., serving in Arizona Territory; ap. hosp. stew d at Camp Whipple; dis. Sept. 7, 69; died at Wickenberg, A. T., Sept. 27, 69.] William C. Morrison, Chester Co.; com. Aug. 1, 62; assigned to regt. and joined Sept. 5, 62; temp y det. for duty with bat. of 24th Mass, from July 10, 63, to Aug. 6, 63 ; again to 4th N. H. Vols., Sept., 64; again to 9th Maine Vols., Oct., 64; res. and was hon. dis. at Chapin s Farm, Va., Jan. 1, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 461 CHAPLAINS. William M Whitehead, Chester Co.; com. and mus., Nov. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; res. on account of failing health ; hon. dis., at Hilton Head, S. C. r Aug. 20, 62. David W. Moore, Centreville, Delaware State; com. June 7, 64; joined regt., near Petersburg, Va., July 16, 64; res. oii*account of failing health from exposure; hon. dis. at Chapin s Farm, Va., Nov. 21, 64. SERGEANT MAJORS. George A. Lemaistre, Philadelphia; pr. from sergt., Co. H, Oct. 31, 61; pr. to 2d lieut., Co. H, April 30, 62; com. rec d June 22, 62. Samuel W. Hawley, Chester Co.; pr. from corp., Co. C, June G, 62; \v d in action at Swift Creek, near Petersburg, Va., May 9, 64 ; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Cheyney T. Haines, Chandlerville, Chester Co.; pr. from corp., Co. G, Sept. 18, 64; pr. to 1st lieut., Co. G, Nov. 2, 64.; vet. Henry R. Coat es, Philadelphia; pr. from corp., Co. K, Jan 1, 65; mug. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65 ; vet. QUARTER-MASTER SERGEANTS. James T. Skiles, Chester Co.; pr. from corp., Co. B, Oct. 29, 61; pr. to 2d lieut., Co. B, Dec. 16, 62; com. rec d, May 27, 63; mus., June 19, 63. George L. Taggart, Coatesville; pr. from priv., Co. A, S. O. 20, h d-qrs. 97th P. V., July 1, 63; mus. out Aug. 30, >4, at exp. of terra; ap. qr. mr.; com. rec d, Jan. 1, 65, but did not accept. Leonard K. Thomas, Mortonville ; pr. from corp., Co. C, Sept. 1, 64; pr. to 2d lieut., Co. C, Sept. 23, 64; not mus.; pr. to 1st lieut., Co. C, Nov. 2, 64; vet. John H. Brower, East Vincent; pr. from corp., Co. F, Jan. 1, 65; pr. to 1st lieut. and qr. mr., May 1, 65; mus. July 10, 65, to rank from June 7, 65; vet, David R. Cochran, Media; pr. from sergt., Co. G, July 19, 65; mus. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65; vet. [Died at home, Delaware Co., Pa., Oct. 26, 69.] COMMISSARY SERGEANTS. Thomas McKay, West Chester; pr. from sergt., Co. A, Oct. 29, 61; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, before Petersburg, Va., at exp. of term. Dallas Crow, Sadsbury ville ; pr. from sergt., Co. B, Sept. 1, 64; pr. to 1st lieut., Co. B, Dec. 1, 64; mus. March 21, 65, to rank from March 1, 65; vet. Washington W. James, Edgemont, Delaware Co.; pr. from corp., Co. G, April 1, 65; pr. to capt., Co. G, May 1. 65; mus., July 10, 65, to rank from May 26, 65; vet. Caleb Mercer, Coatesville; pr. from sergt., Co. F, July 19, 65; mus. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65; vet. HOSPITAL STEWARDS. Hsrmon Heed, West Chester; pr. from priv., Co. H, Oct. 29, 61 ; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 3, 62. 462 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Reuben H. Smith, M. D.. Media; pr. from 1st sergt., Co. G, Sept. 4, 62; hon. dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., March 27, 63, to accept prom. [Ap. asst. surg. of Vols., April 18, 63, and assigned to duty with board of enrolment to report to prov. marsh., at West Chester; hon. dis., June 15, 65, in consequence of suspension of draft and rect. service; ap. asst. surg. 45th P. V., July 6, 65; mus* out with regt. at Alexandria, Va., July 17, 65.] John Y. McCarter, Upper Oxford; pr. from corp., Co. C, April 1, 63; mus. out before Petersburg, Va., Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Madison Lovett, Colerain, Lancaster Co.; pr. from corp., Co. A, Sept. 18, 64; det. as attendant at field hosp., 10th Corps, uear Wilmington, N. C., Jan. 23, 65; mus. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65; vet. PRINCIPAL MUSICIANS. James St. John, Sr., Philadelphia; ap. Oct. 29, 61, for 3 yrs.; was in war of 1812 as drummer boy; in regular army for 5 yrs.; served as drum maj. in Mexican war; in 3 mos. service, from April 22, 61, as drum maj. 9th P. V.; enlisted in 97th P. V., Aug. 22, 61, and ap. principal musician; mus. out in accordance with G. 0. 126, War Dept., and S. 0. 327, Dept. of the South, Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 13, 62 ; re-enlisted as drummer in Co. D, Nov. 26, 62, and re-ap. principal musician., May 1, 63; hon. dis. before Petersburg, Va., Sept. 14, 64, by reason of age and failing health; having served faithfully with regt. over 3 yrs. Casper C. Fahnestock, Jr., Paoli ; first entered service as fifer, Co. E, 9th P. V., in 3 mos. service, and was acting fife maj. of regt.; pr. from musician, Co. K, Nov. 16, 61; mus. out in accordance with G-. 0. 126, War Dept. and S. 0. 327, Dept. of the South, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 13, 61. [Re-entered the service for 3 yrs., as fifer in 186th P. V., Jan., 64, and mus. out with regt. Aug. 15, 65.] John Parsons, Jr., Media; pr. from musician, Co. I, March 1, 64; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 64; died of w ds in hosp., at Fortress Monroe, Va., May 25, 64 ; vet. [Bu. rec. May 25, 64, at Hampton, Va.] James J. Wilson, England, pr. from musician, Co. C, June 20, 64; w d in action near Petersburg, June 25, 64; dis., Sept. 10, 64, at exp. of term. Milton S. Taylor, West Chester; pr. from fifer, Co. H, Sept. 18, 64; mus. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C , Aug. 28, 65; vet. John Weber, Oxford; pr. from corp., Co. F, May 20, 65; mus. out with regt. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65 ; vet. GUSS FENCIBLES CORNET BAND. John H. Taylor, leader, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs. sick leave of absence granted Nov. 30, 61, at Washington, D. C.; never returned to regt.; hon. dis. Aug. 31, 62, in accordance with G. 0. 91; War Dept. [Re-entered service for 3 yrs., Jan., 64, as fifer in 186tb, P. V., and pr. to fife maj.; mus. out with regt., Aug. 15, 65.] George P. Ellinger, leader, Lancaster City; mus. as leader, Oct. 24, 61; mus- out Aug. 31, 62, in accordance with G. O. 91, War Dept. [Re-entered 3 yrs. service as leader, 87th P. V., 3d div., 6th corps; was taken pris.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; GUSS FENCIBLES BAND. 463 Hiram Sbeuk, E flat cornet, Marticville, Lancaster Co.; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. Francis T. Brubaker, E flat cornet, Strasburg, Lancaster Co.; mus. ia Co. II, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. 0. 91, War. Dept., Aug. 31, 62. [Re- entered service for 3 yrs., Jan., 64, as fifer, 186th P. V.] Samuel Bookman, B flat cornet, Marticville, Lancaster Co.; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs. [Re-entered service in fall of 64 in band of 203d P. V.; mus. out with regt. June 22, 65.] Bernard Reed, B flat cornet, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. O. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. [Died Sept., 71.] John Steube, B flat cornet, Strasburg, Lancaster Co.; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. Amos McFalls, alto, Marticville, Lancaster Co.; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. Thomas H. Windle, alto, Coatesville ; mus. in band Oct. 28, 61; dis. on account of disability on surg. cert., at Edisto, S. C., May 22, 62. [Re-entered service June 16, 63, in Capt. Alban H. Meyer s Independent Pa. Cav. for emergency, and was dis. with co. as corp., July 31, 63. Elected Clerk of Courts of Chester Co., Pa., for 3 yrs., Oct. 13, 03.] William H. H. Taylor, alto, Chester, Delaware Co.; mus. in band, Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. George W. Meyers, alto, Strasburg, Lancaster Co.; mus. in Co. II, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto, S. C., April 22, 62. [Since died at home.] Christian Roecker, tenor, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yre., dis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. [Died at home, Sept. 19, 67, and buried with military honors.] John M. Kay, tenor, Chandlerville; mus. as musician in Co. A, Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg., cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 19, 62. [Since died at home.] Gabriel Spence, baritone, Marticville, Lancaster Co.; mus. in band, Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs; taken pris r in action at Secessionville, James Island, S. C., June 16, 62; paroled Dec. 6, 62, and dis. William C. Hemphill, baritone, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. O. 91, War Dept, Aug. 31, 62. William Dalling, basso, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs; dis. by G. O. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. [Re-entered service April, 63; in band of 2d brig., 2d div., 2d Corps; mus. out with band Dec., 63.] Bernard Roecker, basso, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. O. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. Richard M. Lovell, basso, Chandlerville; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; trans, from basso to alto, Feb. 1, 62; dis. by G. O. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. Austin M. Fithian, tenor drum, West Chester; mus. in Co. H, Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. O. 91, War Dept, Aug. 31, 62. [Re-entered service April, 63, in band of 2d brig., 2d div., 2d corps; mus. out Dec., 63; again re-entered service as drummer in 186th P. V.; mus. out with regt. Aug. 15, 65.] 464 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Willie S. St. John, tenor drum, Philadelphia; mus. in band, Oct. 24, 61. for 3 yrs.; clis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62; re-enlisted as drummer in Co. A, 97th P. V., Sept. 31, 62, for 3 yrs. John L. Hosmer, bass drum, Newtown Square, Delaware Co., mus. in Co. H, Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. by G. 0. 91, War Dept., Aug. 31, 62. [Re- entered service for 9 mos , in Co. I, 175th Pa. drafted militia; pr. 2d lieut., Jan. 1, 63; mus. out with regt. Aug. 7, 63.] Harrison Taylor, cymbals, West Chester; mus. in band, Oct 25, 61, for 3 yrs.; left at West Chester, Nov. 16, 61; marked upon rolls as a deserter; sab- sequently reported mus. out Aug. 31, 62. [Re-entered service for 3 yrs., Jan., 64, as drummer in 186th P. Y.; dis. with regt., Aug. 15, 65.] P. Atwood Gould, cymbals, West Chester; mus. in Co. H. Nov. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; trans, to band, same date, vice H. Taylor, absent; served with band until its discharge, Aug. 31, 62; returned to Co. H; dis. on surg. cert, (pros tration from yellow fever,) at St. Helena Island, S. C., Dec., 10, 62. [Re- entered service April, 65, in band of 2d brig., 2d div., 2d corps; mus. out Dec., 63; again in service, Feb., 64, as 1st duty sergt., Co. M, 20tb Pa. Cav.; pr. 2d lieut., April, 23, 65; mus. out with Co. C, 1st Pa. Cav. July 13, 65.] COMPANY A, QUSS FENCIBLES. Capt. Galusha Pennypacker, 19 yrs., learning printing, West Chester; first entered service as priv., Co. A, 9th P. Y., April 22, 61, and pr. to sergt. and to qr. mr. sergt; mus. out July 29, 61; mus. capt. Co. A, Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to maj., Oct. 7, 61. Capt. Francis M. Guss, 31 yrs., livery keeper, West Chester; first entered service as 1st lieut. Co. A, 9th P. Y., April 22, 61 ; mus. out July 29, 61 ; elected capt. Co A, 97th P. Y., Oct. 12, 61 ; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 18, 64; dis. for w ds on surg. cert, at Annapolis, Md., Oct. 3, 64. Capt. William II. Martin, 20 yrs., carpenter, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; first en tered service as priv., Co. A, 9th P. Y., April 22, 61; mus. out July 29, 61; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp.; pr. to 2d corp., May 1, 62,; to 1st corp., Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 4th sergt., March 4, 64; vet] re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 1st sergt., Aug. 22, 64; pr. to 2d lieut., Oct. 4, 64; pr. to 1st lieut., Oct. 21, 64; pr. to capt, Jan. 1, 65; pr. to maj., March 1, 65, to rank from Jan. 15, 65. Capt. Lewis E Humpton, 20 yrs., miller, Penningtonville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; pr. to sergt., Nov. 24, 64; pr. to 1st sergt., Dec. 4, 64; pr. to capt., Feb. 28, 65, to rank from Jan. 15, 65; res. and hoa. dis , at Raleigh, N. C., May 22, 65. Capt. Robert L. Black, 20 yrs., blacksmith, Coatesville; first entered service as priv., Co. F, 9th P. Y., April 22, 61; mus. out July 29, 61; mus. as priv., Co. A, Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d at John s Island, S. C., June 7, 62; vet; re-rnus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp, Oct. 10, 64; pr. to sergt., Nov. 24, 64 ; w d at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65 ; pr. to 1st lieut., Feb. 28, 65; mus. March 15, 65; com. capt., June 15, 65; not mus.; mus. out with company as 1st lieut., Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY A. 465 1st Lieut. Le,wis Y. Evans, 21 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; first entered service as 1st. sergt , Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 61; nius. out July 29, 61; mus. 1st. lieut, Co. A, Aug 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to capt., Co. G, 97th P. V., May 1, 62. [See Co. G.] 1st Lieut. William Peace, 28 yrs , bricklayer, Coatesville; mus. as 2d lieut., Co. A, Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 1st. lieut., May 1, 62; res. and hon. dis., at Fernandina, Fla., Feb. 18, 64, by S. 0. 63, Dept. South. 1st Lieut. Abel Griffith, 21 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; first entered service as corp., Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 01 ; raus. out July 29, 61 ; mus. Aug. 22, 01, and ap. 2d sergt,, Co. A; pr. to 1st sergt. May 1, 02; vet] re- mus. March 10, 04, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 1st lieut., March 4, 64; w d at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 64; dis. for w ds on surg. cert., at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 14, 64, at exp. of term. 1st Lieut. Henry T. Gray, 24 yrs., farmer, Concordville, Delaware Co.; rec t; mus. March 10, 62, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp,, Aug. 1, 64; pr. to sergt., Aug. 23, 04; pr. to 1st sergt., Oct. 4, 04; pr. to 1st lieut., Dec. 4, 64, not accepted ; mus. out as 1st sergt, May 9, 65, at exp. of term. 1st Lieut. Frank C. Henry, 19 yrs., iron moulder, Coatesville; mus. as priv. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus, March 10, 04, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp., Nov. 24, 64; pr. to sergt., Feb. 1, 65; pr. to 1st sergt., May 10, 05; pr. to 2d lieut., mus. May 26, 65, to rank from May 1, 65; pr. to 1st lieut., June 15, 65; not mus.; raus. out with co. as 2d lieut., Aug. 28, 65. [Re-entered service in U. S. A., Oct.. 00; pr. to 1st sergt., Co. K, 24th Tnft y; dis. at Yicksburg, Miss., June, 68] 2d Lieut. Thomas E. Weber, 22 yrs., gas fitter, West Chester; first entered service as corp. Co. A, 9th P. V., for 3 mos., April 22, 61; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt.; pr. to 2d lieut., May 1, 62; w d at James Island, S. C., June 9, 62; tr. to U. S. Signal Corps, March 31, 63, 2d Lieut. Isaac J. Burton, 32 yrs., cabinet maker, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt.; pr. to 3d sergt., Oct. 29, 61; pr. to 2d sergt, May 1, 62; pr. to 2d lieut., March 4, 63; w d near Petersburg, Va., July 24, 64; dis. for w ds frotn U. S. Hosp. at Annapolis, Md., Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. 2d Lieut Joseph Phillips, 20 yrs., farmer, Ridley, Delaware Co.; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; w d near Petersburg, July IT, 64; pr. to corp., Feb. 1, 65; pr. to sergt,, March,- 10, 65 ; pr. to 1st sergt, June 14, 65 ; pr. to 2d lieut, to rank from June 15, 65; not mus.; mus. out with co. as 1st sergt., Aug. 28, 65, at Weldon, N. C. 1st Sergt. Jarvis J. Rudolph, 27 yrs., stone mason, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs., ap. 1st corp.; pr. to 5th sergt, Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 4th sergt., May 1, 62; pr. to 3d sergt., Jan. 9, 63 ; pr to 1st sergt., March 4, 64; w d at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 64; mus. out Aug. 22, 04, at exp. of term. [Died at home of consumption, May 9, 09.] Sergt. Thomas McKay, 20 yrs., carpenter, West Chester ; first entered service as corp , Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt; pr. to com. sergt, Oct. 29, 61 ; mus. in non. com. staff, April 28, 62. 30 466 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Sergt. John Brubaker, 19 yrs., clerk, Penningtonville ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs., ap. 5th sergt.; pr. to 4th sergt., Oct. 29, 61; pr. to 3d sergt., May 1, 62; reduced to ranks, Jan. 9, 63. [See list of privates.] Sergt. William L. Morris, 23 yrs., school teacher, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs., ap. 2d corp.; pr. to 1st corp. April 28, 62; pr. to 5th sergt., May 1, 62; pr. to 4th sergt., Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 2d sergt. March 4, 64; w d slightly in head, July 15, 64, near Petersburg, Ya.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. Benjamin F. Stackhouse, 28 yrs., house painter, Concordville, Delaware Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp.; pr. to 4th corp., April 28, 62; pr. to 1st corp., May 1, 62; pr. to 5th sergt., Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 3d, sergt. March 4, 64; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mor tally w d in action, at Malvern Hill Road, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died of w ds on board transport George A. Leary, James River, on the way to hosp. at Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 19, 64. Sergt. Jeptha Clark, 18 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; mus. as priv., Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp., Feb. 1, 65; pr. to sergt., May 1; 65; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. James P. Smedley, 25 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Jan. 1, 65; pr. to sergt., May 1, 65; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65, Sergt. Allison Gibson, 35 yrs., joiner, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; rec t ; mus. as priv., Oct. IT, 62, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. and to sergt., dates unknown ; mus out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Corp. George Ellam, 21 yrs., wood turner, Coatesville ; mus. Aug. 22; 61, for 3 yrs; ap. 4th corp.; pr. to 3d corp., Jan. 9, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; missing in action at Fort Gilmer, Ya., Sept. 29, 64; was a pris r until May 29, 65, when exchanged and sent to Camp Parole, Columbus, Ohio, and there dis. by G. 0., July 27, 65. Corp. Harry L. Pyott, 26 yrs., carpenter, Willistown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp.; pr. to 3d corp., May 1, 62 ; pr. to 2d corp., Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 1st corp., March 4, 64 ; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Reese Elmer Welch, 20 yrs., farmer, Honeybrook; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp.; pr. to 5th corp., May 1, 62; pr. to 4th corp., Jan, 9, 63; pr. 3d corp., March 4, 64; mus. out Aug. 25, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Jacob Daubman, 21 yrs., carpenter, Philadelphia; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp.; pr. to 7th corp., April 28, 62; pr. to 6th corp., May 1, 62; pr. to 5th corp., Jan 9, 63; pr. to 4th corp., March 4, 64; w d at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Alfred B. Peace, 24 yrs., stone mason, Coatesville; mus. as priv , Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp., April 28, 62, to date from Nov. 1, 61 ; pr. to 7th corp., May 1, 62; pr. to 6th corp., Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 5th corp., March 4, 64; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Madison Lovett, 19 yrs., farmer, Colerain, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to 8th corp., March 4, 64; pr. to 7th corp., July 1, 64; w d slightly, July 16, 64, in trenches, near Petersburg, Ya.; pr. hosp. steward, Sept. 18, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY A. 467 Corp. Xathaniel R. Cowan, 21 yrs., carpenter, Churohtown, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv., Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp., May 1, 62; pr. to 7th corp., Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 6th corp., March 4, 64; \v d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va., May 20, 64; dis. from McClellan HoRp., Philadelphia, Nov. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. John T Taylor, 21 yrs., farmer, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv., Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp., and detailed on color guard, Jan. 9, 63; pr. to 7th corp., March 4, 64; killed in action, with color guard, at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64 ; body left on the field, the enemy having occupied the position before it could be recovered. Caleb B. Moore, 31, yrs., blacksmith, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; rec t; raus. as priv., Oct. 16, 62, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp., July 1, 64; w d near Petersburg, Va., July 16, 64; dis. for w ds on surg. cert., April 22, 65, at U. S. Gen. Hosp. at Portsmouth, Va. Corp. John T. Carpenter, 18 yrs. farmer, Coatesville ; rec t; mus. as priv., May 10, 64, for 3 yrs ; pr. 4th corp., July 19, 65 ; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Taylor Richardson, 25 yrs., farmer, Milltown; mus. as priv., Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp., Aug. 18, 65; mus. out with co., Aug 28, 65. Musician Edward R. Eisenbeis, 23 yrs , printer, West Chester; mus. Aug. 22 61, for 3 yrs.; was co. and regt. clerk during most of term; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Musician John M. Kay, 29 yrs., musician, West Chester; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs ; tr to regt. band, Oct. 24, 61. Musician Willie St. John, 12 yrs., drummer, Philadelphia; first entered service in band, 97th P. V., Oct. 24, 61; dis. Aug. 31 and re-mus. as musician in Co. A same date; dis. Aug. 22, 64, by order of Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, at exp. of term. [Died at his home, in Philadelphia, of consumption, 73.] Teamster Isaac P. Chandler, 26 yrs., wagoner, Doe Run; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Albright, Henry, 32 yrs., miller, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; rec t mus. Sept. 23, 62, for 3 yrs., accidentally w d in hand at Paris Island, S. C , Feb. 24, 63; died of brain fever, May 19, 64, at brig, hosp., Bermuda H d, Va., bu. in Poplar Grove Cem., Petersburg, Va., div. D, sec. H, grave 115. Priv. Bavington, Jacob H, 19 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., April 10, 64, and died of consumption, April 20, 64, at Fernandina, Fla.; bu. in cem^ near Old Town. Priv. Brower, Joseph G, 20 yrs., farmer, Honeybrook ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., at Hilton Head, S. C., April 19, 62. Priv. Brubaker, John; from sergt. Co. A, Jan. 9, 63; dis. on surg. cert., March 4, 63, at Hilton Head, S. C. [Died at home.] Priv. Cass, George W., 23 yrs., stone mason, Willistown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Chandler, Alexander M., 25 yrs., farmer, Doe Run; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Clark, James Y., 19 yrs., machinist, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. 468 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Clark, William H., 21 yrs., painter, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mortally w d by picket firing, near trenches in front of Petersburg, Va., July 29, 64 ; died of w ds, at field hosp., 18th corps, near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 64. Priv. Cochran, Lewis, 22 yrs., carpenter, Concordville, Delaware Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Dampman, John, 25 yrs, miller, St. Mary s, Chester Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; pris r until Feb., 65; died at home, March, 65. Priv. Day, William, 41 yrs., shoemaker, Phoenixville; rec t; mus. Oct. 28, 62, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va., May 20, 64; died in pris. at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 1, 64; grave 4499. Priv. Dowlin, John W., 28 yrs., farmer, Guthrieville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandiua, Fla,, April 10, 64. Priv. Eisenbeis, Robert M., 22 yrs., morocco finisher, West Chester; rec t; mus. Sept. 23, 62, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va,, May 20, 64; died of w ds at Hammond Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., May 24, 64. Priv. Ford, John W., 23 yrs., farmer, Penningtonville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mis. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; supposed to have died while pris r. Priv. Given, Joseph D., 20 yrs., carpenter, Steeleville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d near Petersburg, Va., July 13, 64; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Given, William, 21 yrs., carpenter, Steeleville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Goodwin, Ezra G., 18 yrs., carpenter, East Goshen; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. [Re-entered the service in 64.] Priv. Gray, Isaac W., 19 yrs., miller, Embreeville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs ; w d in action at Wier Bottom Church, Bermuda H d, Va,, Aug. 26, 64; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service March, 65, for 1 yr., in Co. F, 3d Regt. U. S. Vet. Infty. Corps, Hancock s div.; pr. to corp. and to sergt.] Priv. Griffith, John M., 21 yrs., saddler, East Nottingham; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, a* North Edisto, S. C., May 10, 62; died at home July IT, 62. Priv. Groff, John A, 28 yrs., teacher, Coatesville; rec t; mus. March 24, 65, for 1 yr.; was first assigned to Co. I; then to Co. A; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. [Had previously served as 2d lieut., Co. A, 124th P. V., for 9 mos.; also as 2d lieut, Co. P, 192d P. V.; since dis. from 97th P. V.; was elected Recorder of Deeds for Chester Co., Oct. 12, 69, for 3 yrs., and fulfilled the duties with fidelity and satisfaction.] Priv. Guest, John, 21 yrs., farmer, Loag s Corner; rec t; mus. Aug. 9, 62, for 3 yrs.; mortally w d on picket line near Petersburg, Va., July 4, 64 ; died of w ds same day at field hosp., 18th corps. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY A. Priv. Haines, James M., 23 yrs , paiater, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Battery E, 3d U. S. Art y, Nov. 16, 62. Priv. Handwork, Henry, 20 yrs., blacksmith, Loag s Corner; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va., May 20, 64 ; died of w ds at Point Lookout Hosp., Md., June 11, 64. Priv. Hannum, George E., 24 yrs, farmer, London Brittain ; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. [Died at home, Oct. 30, 65.] Priv. Hardcastle, Joseph; 19 yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 64; died of w ds at U. S. Hosp., Hampton, Va., Oct 8, 04. Priv. Hawkins, George W., 21 yrs. paper maker, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. Hollahan, John H., 19 yrs., farmer, Wilmington, Del.; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; dis. by order of Sec. of War, Xov. 7, 02. [Since re-entered service in 157th P. V.; pr. to corp.; mus. out with regt., June 28, 05.] Priv. Humpton, Robert II., 19 yrs., wheelwright, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. Hutton, Samuel, 21 yrs., farmer, Strickersville; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; absent sick at Haddington Hosp. Philadelphia, from May 30, 04, until mus. out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. James, Jacob B., 18 yrs., farmer, Embreeville; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 01. [Re-entered service Aug., 62, as priv., Co. G, 124th P. V., for 9 mos.; pr. to corp.; dis. with regt. May 10, 63; again re-entered the 3 yrs . service Feb., 64, as priv., Co. M, 20th Pa. Cav.; mus. out with regt. July 13, 65.] Priv. King, Benjamin F., 19 yrs., farmer, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 10, 04, to date Jan. 1, 04; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 04; died of w ds at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., June 4, 64. Priv King, Jeremiah, 20 yrs., wheelwright, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kirk, Chanlee, 19 yrs., iron moulder, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service for 1 yr. in 9th Regt., U. S. Vet. Infty., Hancock s 1st corps; died at home, in Philadelphia, April, 09.] Priv. Lawrence, Jacob, 21 yrs., farmer, Honeybrook; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at North Edisto, S. C., May 17, 62. Priv. Matthews, George P., 22 yrs., farmer, Thorndale; mus. Aug. 22, 01, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service March, 65, for 1 yr., in Co. A, 3d Regt., U. S. Vet. Infty. Hancock s 1st corps. Priv. McDonald, John, 18 yrs., wheelwright, Embreeville, mus. Aug. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 04, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service March 11, 65, for 5 yrs., in U. S. Marine Corps; pr. to 1st sergt.] Priv. Mercer, John, 22 yrs., produce dealer, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Mercer, William, 24 yrs., iron moulder, Downingtown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs; mus. out, Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. 470 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Miller, Thomas J., 22 yrs., farmer, Guthrieville ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs; tr. to U. S. Signal Corps, Feb. 29, 64, S. 0. 96, War Dept. A. G. 0. [After dis. enlisted for 3 yrs., in U. S. A., Nov., 65; pr. to com. sergt. in 3d F. S. Cav.J Priv. Minster, George M., 18 yrs., farmer, Coatesville ; urns. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service, April, 65, for 1 yr., in 9th Regt. U. S. Yet. Inf., Hancock s 1st Corps. Subse quently enlisted in 7th Cav. U. S. A. for 3 yrs.] Priv. Moore, Abner, 21 yrs., carpenter, Honeybrook; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. cut, Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Morris, Joseph P., 31 yrs., farmer, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs; mus out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. O Neil, Edward, 20 yrs., tallow chandler, "West Chester ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 15, 62. [Re- entered 3 yrs. service, Dec. 26, 63, in Co. E, 112th P. V. (2d Heavy Arty.); mus. out with co. as 1st sergt., Jan. 29, 66.] Priv. Parsons, Thomas C., 22 yrs., carpenter, Concordville, Delaware Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs; tr. to U. S. Signal Corps, Oct. 13, 63, G. 0. 344, War Dept. A. G. 0. [Pr. to corp. and sergt.; dis. Aug. 18, 65.] Priv. Pasmore, Horace, 26 yrs., butcher, Gap, Lancaster Co., mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs., died of chron. diar., at Fernandina, Fla., Nov. 18, 63. Priv. Pawling, Isaac M., 21 yrs., blacksmith, Coatesville ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Pharaoh, Richard E., 18 yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d and capt d at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; soon ex. and tr. to Co. A, llth Regt. Yet. Res. Corps. [Dis. July 22, 65.] Priv. Phillips, Jonathan, 22 yrs., miller, Chadsford; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto, S. C., May 10, 62 ; re-enlisted in Co. A, Aug. 13, 62; joined co. Sept. 25, 62; w d severely in right thigh, at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 18, 64; dis. at Chestnut Hill Hosp., Philadelphia, March 21, 65. [Died of w ds May 13, 65.] Priv. Pomroy, George, 19 yrs., blacksmith, Kelly ville, Delaware Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; absent, sick in U. S. Hosp., from May 3, 64, until dis. Oct., 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service Feb. 26, 67, in Co. K, 28th Infty. U. S. A.] Priv. Rennard, Harry C., 23 yrs., farmer, Chester Y alley ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Foster s Place, Ya., May 18, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp., Newark, N. J., Aug. 26, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Ringler, Thomas, 25 yrs., farmer, Perkiomen Bridge, Montgomery Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 18, 64 ; ab sent in U. S. Hosp. at Annapolis, Md. at mus. out of regt.; dis. from Chestnut Hill Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 9, 65. Priv. Robinson, Joseph P., 20 yrs., wheelwright, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Ross, Ephraim L., 23 yrs., farmer, McWilliamstown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. RECORD AND ROSTER OF SERVICE; COMPANY A. 471 Priv. Ruhi, Augustus, 30 yrs., cooper, Philadelphia; rec t; mus. Aug. 13, 62, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., March 27, 03. [Died at home, Philadelphia, Oct. 19, (59.] Priv. Shoemaker, Edwin, 24 yrs., irou founder, Coatesville ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Smedley, Thomas P., 27 yrs., house painter, Radnor, Pelaware Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Starts, William H. II., 19 yrs., farmer, Pihvorthtown; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp., Newark, N. J., Aug. 26, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Steele, Joseph, 35 yrs., stone mason, West Whiteland, mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus, March 16, (54, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64. Priv. Stqne, Charles A., 24 yrs., farmer, Mortonville, Chester Co.; rnus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Stoops, Jesse C. P., 20 yrs.; blacksmith, New London; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet ; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d., Va., May 18, 64, bu. in Nat. Gem., City Point, Va., sec. A, div. 4, grave 77. Priv. Stott, Joseph EMward, 18 yrs., painter, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. oat Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Stott, William Sylvester, 24 yrs., iron moulder, West Chester; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs ; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Strode, Jacob C., 19 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Taggart, George L., 18 yrs., clerk, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to qr. mr. sergt., July 1, 63. Priv. Talbot, Jacob B., 18 yrs., farmer, Honeybrook; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs. w d by shell at Fort Gregg, Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 10, 64; mus. out, Aug. 25, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Talley, Hailman P., 18 yrs., clerk, West Chester; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Taylor, David M., 21 yrs., clerk, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. "22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Thomas, Joseph L., 19 yrs., blacksmith, Oxford; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Priv. Thompson, George W., 19 yrs., farmer, London Grove; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Thompson, Lafayette, 18 yrs., farmer, London Grove; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Townsend, Caleb, 32 yrs., cordwainer, Ccatesville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 11, 62. [Re-entered service during emergency in 63.] Priv. Valentine, Joseph E., 18 yrs., news agent, West Chester; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Whiting, Benjamin F., 24 yrs., cedar cooper, West Chester; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 15, 62. 172 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Wilkinson, Joseph W., 19 yrs., farmer, Kimbleville ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., April 19, 62. Priv. Winkler, Joseph, 23 yrs., stone mason, Manayunk, Philadelphia ; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. "Wright, Andrew K., 18 yrs., machinist, Coatesville; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action, at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va,, May 20, 64; dis. from Broad Street Hosp., Philadelphia, Aug. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Yarnall, Yernon, 20 yrs, farmer, Doe Run; mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mor. w d while on duty in sap, near Cemetery Hill, Va., midnight, July 13, 64, and died within an hour at field hosp., 18th corps; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. D, div. 1, grave 35. Priv. Yocum, Joseph L., 18 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester, mus. Aug. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; died at Jacksonville, Fla., April 3, 62. Priv. Young, John Sylvester, 21 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia, rec t; mus. Sept. 25, 62, for 3 yrs., w d accidentally in hand, July 30, 63; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 1, 65. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Sergt. John Harman, sub.; Oct. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to corp. May 10, 65; pr. to sergt. July 19, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Nathaniel Whitebread, sub., Oct. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to corp. May 10, 65; dis. at F. S. Hosp., Newbern, N. C., June 7, 65. Corp. Lewis Larrison, drafted, Sept. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to corp. April 22, 65; dis. at Raleigh, N. C., June 28, 65. Corp. John M. Stevens, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to corp. April 22, 65; dis. at Raleigh, N. C., June 28, 65. Corp. Henry A. Wittich, sub., Oct. 14, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 1st corp. April 22, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Burton G. Bovee, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; pr. to 2d corp. May 10, 65 ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Daniel Philips, sub., Oct. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 3d corp. May 10, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Lewis Marks, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; pr. to 5th corp. July 19, 65 ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Robert M. Glisan, sub., Oct. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 7th corp. Aug. 18, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Henry P. Towns, sub., Feb. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 8th corp. Aug. 18, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Musician David Fordice, sub., Oct. IT, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Musician Amos Melott, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr., deserted July 31, 65. Priv. Anderson, William, rect.; mus. Sept. 17, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 11, 65. Priv. Anderson, James R., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Aubley, Frederic, drafted, Oct. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Baker, Julius, sub., Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs., deserted Nov. 19, 64. Priv. Berchelt, August, sub., Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; died July 16, 65, at U. S. Hosp., Smithville, N. C., of inflamation of lungs. Priv. Bokear, Thomas, drafted, June 4, 64, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 19, 65. Priv. Bramhall, Charles A., drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY A. 473 Priv. Brady, James, 27 yrs., rec t; mus. Feb. 13, 65, for 1 jr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bumgardner, Daniel M., drafted, Sept. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 05. Priv. Burton, John, Jan. 10, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. Aug. 22, 65. [Not ou mus.- out roll.j Priv. Carpenter, James, Jan. 26, 65, for 1 yr. [Not on rnus.-out roll.] Priv. Callin, Julius C., drafted, March 6, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 23, 65. [Not on mus.-out roll.] Priv. Chapman, Edmund, sub., Oct. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Christman, Uriah, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Clark, Thomas, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted June 22, 65. Priv. Clevinger, George W., drafted, Feb. 21, 65; deserted July 23, 65. Priv. Cosier, Daniel B., drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Cummings, Samuel, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Dailey, John, sub., Oct. 27, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dalaba, Henry, drafted, Sept, 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 8, 65. Priv. Donelson, Levi, drafted, June 4, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Doty, James S., drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 15, 65. Priv. Ellis, Remor, drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Emminhizer, William, drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick, at mus. out. Priv. Evans, James, rec t; mus. Nov. 10, 64, for 2 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Foust, James, drafted, Oct. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Freeman. John, sub., Oct. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Freeman, William, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Galloway, Fletcher, sub., Aug. 31, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Grail , Lewis, sub., Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp.; reduced to ranks April 7, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Graham, James, sub., Sept. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Grier, Andrew J., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Grier, James, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fever at Raleigh, X. C., May 16, 65. Priv. Groveyear, Allien, drafted, Sepl. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Hanman, John A., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hasman, Jacob, sub., Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs ; dis. July 15, 65. Friv. Hay, Jonathan, drafted, Sept. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Herrington, Reuben, drafted, Sept. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. May 4, 65. Priv. Heyl, Edmund, sub., Oct. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; deserted Aug. 1, 65. Priv. Hiert, Charles, sub., Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va., May 20, 64; died of w ds at Hampton Hosp., For tress Monroe, Ya., May 28, 64. Priv. Hinckel, Samuel, sub., Oct. 25, 64, for I yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Hixen, James, sub., Oct. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug, 28, 65. Priv. Hollingshead, William M., sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hoop, John W., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Kief, Daniel M., rec t; mus. Sept. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 11, 65. Priv. Lane, Alfred; no record except deserted. Priv. Larrison, Lewis, drafted, Sept. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 23, 65. 474 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Lines, Joseph B., drafted, Sept. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Low, John J., sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Malone, Patrick, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28. 65. Priv. Marshal], William H., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr. ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. McDonald, Samuel, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McCutcheon, Hiram, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. Feb. 17, 65. Priv. Mehaffey, William H , sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; died at Raleigh, N. C., May 21, 65 ; bu. in Nat. Cem., sec. 20, grave 21. Priv. Merrithew, H. H., drafted, Sept. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Fort Schuyler, N. Y., June 27, 65. Priv. Miller, Andrew, sub., Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Va., May 18, 64; tr. to 1st Regt. Infty. U. S. A., at Nor folk, Ya.. July 12, 64, Priv. Mootler, Charles, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Morrison, Isaiah, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Osbern, Bradley, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 10, 65. Priv. Ott, William, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Perry, George B., drafted, Sept. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Peter, Nathan, sub., Oct. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Phelps, Elisha, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Price, George W., drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; died at Raleigh, N. C., July 5, 65. Priv. Prince, James L., drafted, Sept. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Reed, August, sub., Oct. 31, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Roberts, Alfred D., drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 3 yrs.; died, on U. S. hosp. boat Champion, Jan. 18, 65. Priv. Rorison, Robert, sub., Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Sellen, Frederick, sub., Nov. 4, 63, for 3 yrs.; w d at Green Plains, Ber muda H d, Ya,, May 20, 64; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Seneff, John W., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Sill, Charles M., drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Sipes, Conrad J., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Snell, Samuel, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Snyder, Jacob, sub., Oct. 12, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Snyder, John H., sub., Oct. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Snyder, Joseph R., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sovell, Nelson, sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 19, 65. Priv. Stanton, Gerdon 0., drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. St. Clair, Michael H., sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; w d in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. by order of Sec. of War, May 3, 65. Priv. Stolford, Edward, drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for lyr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Strickler, Harrison, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Trurap, George M., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 28, 65. Priv. Yansickle, Ephraim, sub., Aug. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Waltman, Sylvanus, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; died at Portsmouth Grove Hosp., R. I., March 29, 65. Priv. Waltman, William, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; died at Raleigh, N. C., May 23, 65; bu. rec. May 24, 65, Nat. Cem., sec. 20, grave 18. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY B. 475 Priv. Walker, William II., drafted, Oct. 14, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Warren, David R., drafted, Sept. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Weis, Philip, sub., March 2, 05, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. White, Roswell, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Whitehead, Henry, drafted, Sept. 28, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 05. Priv. Wright, John, drafted, Sept. 19, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 05. Priv. Youngkin, George A., drafted, Sept, 30, 04, for 1 yr.; die. June 28, 05. Priv. Zimmerman, Samuel, drafted, Sept. 27, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 05. COMPANY B, CHESTER COUNTY GRAYS. Capt. William B. McCoy, 42 yrs., marble mason, Parkesburg ; mus. Aug. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. post, inspector at Hilton Head, S. C., from Sept., 62 until April, 03; res. and hon. dis. for disability at Seabrook Island, S. C., June 18, 63. [Died at home, Philadelphia, Sept. 24, 00, of con sumption.] Capt. Jonas M. C. Savage, 28 yrs., cordwainer, Cochranville; mus. as 1st lieut. Aug. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; pr. to capt. June 23, 03; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 20, 04 ; dis. on acct. of w ds, by order of War Dept., S. 0. 300, Oct. 22, 64. Capt. Dallas Crow, 18 yrs., carpenter, Sadsburyville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 01, for 3 yrs; pr. to corp. May 1, 02; pr. to 1st corp. May 1, 03; pr. to 5th sergt. Dec. 10, 03; ret: re-mus. March 15, 04; pr. to 4th sergt. May 1, 04; w d in action at Petersburg Mine, July 30, 04; pr. to com. sergt. Sept. 1, 04; pr. to 1st lieut. March 1, 05; pr. to capt. April 4, 05; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 05. 1st Lieut. James T. Skiles, 24 yrs., clerk, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp.; pr. to qr. mr. sergt, and tr. to X. C. staff Oct. 29, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. Dec. 16, 62; pr. to 1st lieut. June 23, 63; mus. July 1, 03; w d near Petersburg, Ya., June 10, 04; dis. at Chapiu s Farm, Ya., by order of War Dept., S. 0. 384, dated War Dept., Adjt. Gen. s Office, Nov. 5, 04, to take effect from Aug. 30, 64, date of exp. of term. 1st Lieut. David S. Harry, 18 yrs., blacksmith, Cochranville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret ; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to corp. May 1, 64; pr. to 4th sergt. Sept. 1, 04; pr. to 1st sergt. Nov. 1, 64 ; w d in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to 1st lieut. Feb. 1, 05; mus. April 5, 05; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 05. [Re-entered service as corp. Co. B, 3d Cav., U. S. A.; on duty at Fort Kearney, Neb. 2d Lieut. James Hughes, 29 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; res. on acct. of ill health and hon. dis. at Kdisto, S. C., May 1, 62. [Re-entered service for emergency, Sept. 12, 62, as capt. Co. B, 2d Regt. Pa. Militia, and again June 20, 63, as capt. Co. H, 3d Pa. Infty.; mus. out with co. July 26, 63.] 2d Lieut. John Armstrong, 20 yrs., clerk, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt.; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 62; res. on acct. of ill health and hon. dis., Nov. 18, 62, at Hilton Head, S. C. [Re-entered service in Co. M, 21st Pa. Cav.; pr. to com. sergt.; died, July 11, 64, of w ds rec d in action.] 476 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 2d Lieut. Jacob G. Lowry, 24 yrs., painter, Gap, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. March 30, 61; pr. to sergt. Dec. 1, 61; pr to 3d sergt. May 26, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Jan. 1, 63; pr. to 1st sergt. Dec. 9, 63; vet; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. Feb. 16, 64; mus. May 26, 64, to date from promotion; w d in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64 ; court-martialed at Bermuda H d, Va., and sentenced by S. 0. 132, dated War Dept, A. G. 0., March 18, 65, to be dishon. dis. the service. 2d Lieut. John B. Griffith, 18 yrs., cordwainer, Coatesville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Jan. 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64; w d in trenches near Petersburg, Va., Sept. 11, 64; pr. to sergt, Oct. 10, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. April 22, 65; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. 1st. Sergt. Hugh M. Button, 22 yrs., cordwainer, Coehranville ; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt; pr. to 2d sergt., Nov. 30, 61; pr. to 1st sergt. May 1, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 4, 62. [Re- entered 3 yrs. service as corp. in Co. M, 20th Pa. Cav., Feb. 1, 64. 1st Sergt, Henry Kendig, Jr., 24 yrs., weaver, Sadsburyville ; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th sergt.; pr. to 4th sergt. Nov. 30, 61 ; pr. to 3d sergt. May 1, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. May 26, 62; pr. to 1st sergt. Jan. 1, 63; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. 1st Sergt. Webster A. Nichols, 25 yrs., farmer, Coehranville; mus. Aug. 30, (51, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp.; pr. to 1st corp. June 1, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Jan. 1, 63; pr. to 2d sergt. Nov. 1, 63; pr. to 1st sergt. May 1, 64; dis. Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service, April 7, 65, in Co. I, 98th P. V.; dis. with co. June 29, 65.] 1st Sergt. Andrew M. Strickland, 18 yrs., coachmaker, Parkesburg; mus. as priv., Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet ; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. Nov. 2, 64; pr. to sergt. Feb. 1, 65; pr. to 1st sergt. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. David II. Birney, 25 yrs., farmer, Coehranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt; reduced to ranks Nov. 30, 61; pr. to corp. June 1, 62; w d in action, at Grimball s Plantation, James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; pr. to 4th sergt, Jan. 1, 63; died at Hilton Head, S. C., of "chron. diar., Oct. 30, 63. Sergt. Nelson P. Boyer, 26 yrs., farmer, Coehranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt; pr. to 3d sergt. Nov. 30, 61; pr. to 2d sergt. May 1, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at North Edisto, S. C., May 26, 62. Sergt Elisha Middleton, 29 yrs., stone mason, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs; ap. 1st corp.; pr. to 5th sergt Nov. 30, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. June 1, 62; dis. on surg. cert. Nov. 4, 62, and died same day of remit tent fever, at Hilton Head, S. C.; bu. rec. Nov. 4, 62. Sergt. Samuel M Cluskey, 24 yrs., farmer, Coehranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp.; pr. to 1st corp. May 1, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. June 1, 62; reduced to ranks Jan. 1, 63; vet., re-mus. March 15, 64; to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action, at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; pr. to corp. Feb. 1, 65 ; pr. to sergt date unknown ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY B. 477 Sergt. Malehi Ilappersett, 25 yrs., carpenter, Waynesburg; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, ( .I, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Dec. 5, Y.I ; pr. to 5th sergt. Jan. 1, G3 ; dis. Sept. 11, (54, at exp. of term. S"ergt. Joseph Haines, 25 yrs., farmer, Penningtonville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp.; pr. to 1st corp. Jan. 1, 63 ; pr. to 4th sergt. Dec. 10, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04; pr. to 3d sergt. May 1, 64; uius. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. William A. Deisem, 31 yrs., painter, Waynesburg; mus. as priv. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. April 1, 02; w d in action, at John s Island, S. C., June 7, 62; pr. to 2d corp. Jan. 1, 63; pr. to sergt. May 1, 64; dis. Sept. 16, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. James M. Jackson (alias Cowan), 19 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. as priv, Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.: pr. to corp. June 1, 62; pr. to 5th corp. Jan. 1. 63; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in skirmish at Woodstock Mills, Ga., Feb. 22, 64; w d in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 64; pr. to sergt. Xov. 25, 64; dis., on surg. cert., for w ds at U. S. Hosp., Newbern, N. C., July 10, 05. Sergt. Harvey Highet, 30 yrs., carpenter, Fulton House, Pa.; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Dec., 10, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action, at Petersburg Mine, July 30, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ex. Dec. 24, 64; rejoined co. April 6, 65; pr. to sergt. April 22, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Gerhard Ileeder, 32 yrs, painter, Waynesburg; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. May 1, 02; pr. to 4th corp. Jan. 1, 63; vet.; re-inus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 04; w d in action and capt d at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 10, 04; par. March 1, 05; ex. April 10, 65; rejoined regt. June 20, 65; pr. to sergt. July 19, 05; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Taylor Archer, 21 yrs., carpenter, Parkesburg; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. Dec. 1, 64; pr. to sergt. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Andrew J. Graham, 30 yrs., ambrotypist, Sadsburyville; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp.; w d accidentally, in right hand, Feb. 4, ? 02; dis. on surg. cert., loss of index finger, at Hilton Head, S. C., April 19, 62. Corp. John De Laugh, 33 yrs., soldier, Lancaster; mus. Aug. 30, 61 ; for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th corp.; dishon. dis. and drummed out of camp at Edisto, S. C., May 26, 62, in accordance with sentence of general count-martial. Corp. Robert Ferguson, 26 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp.; died of typhus fever at U. S. Gen. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., May 18, 02. Corp. John T. Boofter, 26 yrs., wagoner, Steeleville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 6th corp. Jan. 1, 63; w d in action, at Petersburg Mine, July 30, 64; dis. Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Joseph Stott, 30 yrs., farmer, Penningtonville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 7th corp. Jan. 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; died at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 11, 64, of chron. diar. 478 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. Miles Stewart Strickland, 20 yrs., coach maker, Parkesburg, mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Dec. 10, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed, while on picket, in front of Petersburg, Ya., July 4, 64. Corp. John P. Rock, 18 yrs., saddler, Lancaster; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-inus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. July 5, 64; killed or taken prisoner in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64 ; never heard from. Corp. Joseph W. Lilley, 19 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. George McNelly, 18 yrs., farmer, Pequea, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; date of pr. unknown; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out. with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. William T. Cooling, 34 yrs., sailor, Charlestown, Md.; mus. as priv., Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp., April 1, 65; mus. out. with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Robert Bruce Wallace, 18 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64 ; w d in action at Petersburg Mine, Ya., July 30, 64; capt d in action at Straw berry Plains, Ya., Aug. 16, 64; ex. Oct. 7, 64; rejoined regt. April 6, 65 ; pr. to corp. April 22, 65; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John C. Taggart, 22 yrs., blacksmith, Sadsburyville; mus. as priv. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. April 23, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Musician Benjamin K. Hutton, 19 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at North Edisto, S. C., May 26, 62. [Re- entered the service for 3 yrs., Feb. 18, 64, as priv. in Co. M, 20th Pa. Cav.] Musician William J. Irwin, 21 yrs., farmer, Georgetown, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered U. S. service as priv. and died at Richmond, Ya.] Teamster James McNulty, 42 yrs., stage driver, West Chester; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 31, 62. Priv. Amnion, William, 29 yrs., carpenter, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., May 27, 63, and died in hosp. at Hilton Head, S. C., June 26, 63. Priv. Bentley, Joshua, 21 yrs., farmer, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 10, 62. Priv. Best, William M., 20 yrs., dentist, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of diptheria at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 19, 62. Priv. Chalfant, Amor N., 20 yrs., coachmaker, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Priv. Clark, John, 18 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 20, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY B. 479 Priv. Coatcs, Charles S., 18 yrs., farmer, Gum Tree; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 1C, 64; pris r until ex. Sept. 20, 64; dis. Nov. 20, ( .4, to date Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Cosgrove, Bernard, 32 yrs., bricklayer, Lancaster; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yra ; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Day, Samuel J., 21 yrs., miller, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action (forehead and wrist) at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; again w d in trenches near Petersburg, Ya., June 29, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 2, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Detterline, Hiram, 20 yrs., farmer, Cains. Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.: re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; absent sick at De-Camp Hosp. at mus. out.; dis. by G. 0. from hosp., July 19, 65. Priv. Dorlaud, Robert W., 18 yrs., clerk, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; died of malarial fever, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Nov. 2, 64. Priv. Doubts, George, 23 yrs., farmer, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action, at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Drummouds, Kersey II., 25 yrs., farmer, Pleasant Grove; mus. Aug. 30, 61, vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action, at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; ab. sick in U. S. Hosp., on acct. of w ds, dis. from Sickles Hosp. Alexandria, Va., Aug. 23, 65. Priv. Dunn, Henry, 26 yrs., carpenter, Lyles, Lancaster Co.; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in action, at Jarnes Island, S. C., June 10, 62. Priv. Edwards, Jesse, 25 yrs., farmer, Intercourse, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs., dis. Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Emerson, Joseph II., 23 yrs., painter, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. English, Benjamin, 19 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; again w d at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. at McDougal Hosp., N. Y., on acct. of w ds, May 31, 65; died of w ds at home Sept. 25, 65. Priv. English, James, 20 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; w d in action at Peters burg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; ab. sick at mus. out in post hosp. at Raleigh, N. C., since May 20, 65. Priv. Esrey, Edmund, 19 yrs., paper maker, West Philadelphia; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; accidentally w d in foot Jan. 15, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d with loss of left arm in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Va., May 20, 64; dis. on acct, of w ds from U. S. Hosp. April 1, 65. Priv. Ferris, William, 32 yrs., cordwainer, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; mus. Nov. 13, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., May 10, 63 [Re-entered the service for 3 yrs. in cav. and was killed.] 480 HISTORY OF THE NINETY- SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Galloway, Samuel F., 18 yrs., farmer, Lewisville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Dec. 26, 62. [Re-enlisted in 186th P. V., in Jan., 64; ap. chief clerk in provost marshal s office, Philadelphia; mus. out with regt. Aug. 15, 65. ] Priv. Garress, Samuel J., 22 yrs., farmer, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re. mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed while on picket near Petersburg, Va., June 29, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem., Poplar Grove, Ya., div. D, sec. B, grave 8. Priv. Gracey, Daniel, 19 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; rc-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; capt d in action at Straw berry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died of starvation while a prisoner at Salisbury, N. C., Dec. 15, 64; bu. rec. Dec. 31, 64. Priv. Hapton, William II., 31 yrs., wheelwright, Londonderry; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; rnus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-enlisted for 3 yrs., in U. S. Infty.] Priv. Hardy, George G., 19 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chronic diarrhoea, at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 1.3, 63. Priv. Harkins, Albert, 19 yrs., paper maker, Doe Run; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 2, 63. Priv. Howe, Nathan, 19 yrs., farmer, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 10, 62. Priv. Humphrey, Robert W., 20 yrs., stone cutter, Oakland Mills; rnus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda H d, Ya,, May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Johnston, Joseph, 20 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg,; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kenan, James, 24 yrs., farmer, Cochranville ; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhus fever, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 8, 63. Priv. Kendig, Abraham, 28 yrs., cordwainer, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus., March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda H d, Ya., May 18, 64; died of w ds, at Hamp ton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., June 4, 64. Priv. Kerr, Henry, 19 yrs., cordwainer, Rockville; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Green Plains, Ya., May 20, 64; mus. out Sept. 11, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Lamping, Frederick D, 26 yrs., blacksmith, Cains, Lancester Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. Mar. 15, 64, to date Jan. 1. 64; raus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lamping, Henry A., 23 yrs., weaver, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. Mar. 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; w d in skir mish at Woodstock Mills, Ga., Feb. 22, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Large, William, 21 yrs., machinist, Penningtonville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., at Hilton Head, S. C., July 29, 62. Priv. Leaman, Alfred N., 19 yrs., coachsmith, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. Mar. 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; w d by shell in trenches near Petersburg, Ya., July 16, 64; ab. at mus. out on account of w d in U. S. Hosp. at Hampton, Ya. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY B. 481 Priv. Lemley, Jacob I)., 21 yrs., coachmakor, Penningtonville; mus. Aug. 30, Mil, for 3 yrs.; supposed to have been discharged in accordance with circular 36, War Dept., dated May 2, 64, being ab. sick in hosp. at exp. of term. Priv. Linton, Benjamin, 20 yrs., school teacher, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. Mar. 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, July 30, 64; ab. at mus. out on account of wds. in U. S. Hosp. at Hampton, Va.; dis. at hosp. to date Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Martin, Henry W. f 21 yrs, farnw, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McClure, David, 32 yrs., farmer, Mortonville, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 9, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. McFurlan, George, 25 yrs., plasterer, Sadsburyville; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; supposed to be dis. Sept. 11, 64, per circular 36, War Dept., dated May 2, 64. being ab. in hosp. at exp. of term. Priv. McGinness, Joseph D., 18 yrs., farmer, Sadsburyville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. [Re- enlisted in 17th Pa. Cav.; capt d and ex.] Priv. McGraw, John, 26 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Baltimore, Md., Nov. 21, 61. Priv. Melius, Henry, 24 yrs., occupation unknown, Lancaster Co.; inus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted from Camp Wayne, Aug. 30, 61. Priv. Merulenhall, Jonathan, 21 yrs., blacksmith, Waynesburg; mus. Aug, 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va, May 20, 64; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, July 29, 64; bu. rec. July 29, 64, Priv. Mews, Hugh D., 32 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid pneumonia at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 11, 63. Prfv. Miles, Samuel, 25 yrs., farmer, Cocbranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Moore, Henry W., 22 yrs., farmer, Steeleville ; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 9, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Moore, Joseph II., 22 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv, Musgrove, Charles B., 19 yrs., calico printer, Gloucester, X. J.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1. 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out on acct. of wds.; at De-Camp Hosp., N. Y., since May 20, 64; dis. by G. 0. June 19, 65. Priv. Pindell. Robert R., 18 yrs., coach maker, Philadelphia; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. I, 64; wd. while on picket near Petersburg, Va., July 20, 64; mus. out with co. . Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rees, Albert J., 22 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. 31 482 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Renshaw, William S., 30 yrs., cordvvainer, Waynesburg; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 27, 63. [Reported died at Beaufort, S. C., Sept. 7, 63.] Priv. Richardson, Samuel, 39 yrs., blacksmith, Bart, Lancaster Co.; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 11, 62. Priv. Riley, John C., 18 yrs., cordwainer, Philadelphia; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; ab. sick at mus. out; since May 16, 64. Priv. Russell, Benjamin F., 22 yrs., farmer, Sadsburyville ; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; vvd. by shell in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 17, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sloyer, Thomas, 23 yrs., farmer, Cochranville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Sullivan, David, 25 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Yet. Res. Corps, June 1, 63, by G. 0. 235, dated War Dept., A. G. 0., June 1, 63. Priv. Supplee, George G., 21 yrs., farmer, Waynesburg; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 11, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Sweeney, Joseph, 27 yrs., butcher, West Chester; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C.; May 10, 63. Priv. Vance, Wesley, 18 yrs., miller, Doe Run; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., March 16, 63. [Re-enlisted for emergency June 16, 63, in Co. A, Independent Pa. Cav.; dis. with co. July 31, 63; again re entered the service in U. S. Navy in 64 and served until May, 67, when dis.] Priv. Wilson, William H., 20 yrs., millwright, Ercildoun ; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of remittent fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 26, 62. Priv. Wonderly, George W., 31 yrs., blacksmith, Ercildoun; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. with loss of arm in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., July 28, 62, on acct, of wds. Priv. Worrall, Theodore A., 18 yrs., soldier, Russellville; mus. Aug. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mu?. out Aug. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. John G. Sanders, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 16, 64; ex. Nov. 20, 64; rejoined co. April 6, 65; pr. to corp. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Edward F. Johnson, sub., Feb. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; pr. to corp. July 19, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Musician William Asay ; rec t; mus. Feb. 2, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. [Re-enlisted in U. S. Army for 5 yrs.] Musician Azahel R. Vanleer, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; ap. musician April 22, 65; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Adams, William, drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; tr. to 1st Regt. U. S. Army July 30, 64. [Was a deserter from rebel army.] Priv. Artley, Joseph, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 10, 65. Priv. Ashley, Menzo L., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Barrett, George W., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY B. 483 Priv. Balderson, Jonathan, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; marked on roll ab. with out leave; $30 stopped for apprehension and $10 per mo. for 6 mos., G. 0. 138, Mil. Gov., Alexandria, Va., Dec. 3, 04; mus. out Aug. 28, Oft. Priv. Bartlemy, Joseph, drafted, Oct. 15, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Baylor, Jonathan, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brown, James, drafted, July 2,3, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 28, 64. Priv. Brown, Richard, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted July 25, 65. Priv. Bruce, Franklin, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Byrne, William, drafted, Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv Cashner, Michael, sub.. March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Crawford, Charles, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 8, 65. Priv. Crosby, Edward, drafted, Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. Mny 28, 65. Priv. Cummins, Peter, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted March 6, 65. Priv. Dalys, George, drafted, Oct. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; mus out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Demoney, David H., drafted, Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr.; died, of typhoid fever, at Raleigh, N. C., May 15, 65. Priv. Doyle, Jacob W., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dukes, George, drafted, July 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Peters burg Mine, July 30, 64; dis. for wds. from Philadelphia Jan. 20, 65. Priv. Favre, Charles, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fehrer, Andrew, sub., Sept. 1, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Fisher, George, sub., Aug. 31, 64, for 1 yr.; died, at De-Camp Hosp., New York, June 5, 65; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I. Priv. Fitzpatrick, Joseph, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Forbes, Alexander, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ex. Nov. 20, 64; rejoined co. Jan. 3, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Foster, Charles T., drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., June 25, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fry, William F., sub., Feb. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fuhs, John, sub., Oct. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; tr. to 2d Regt. U. S. A. March 12, 65, S. O., 398, Dept. Va. and N. C., Priv. Furgeson, Patrick, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 2, 64. Priv. Garrett, William J., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 28, 64. Priv. Giffin, Charles H., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Graves, Josiah, sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gross, John, drafted, Aug. 11, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gundrum, Wilson, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Harris, Halstead, drafted, Sept. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; died, at Wilmington, N. C., April 6, 65; bu. in Nat, Cem., grave 999. Priv. Hawkins, Addison, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; died, of typhoid fever, at Raleigh, N. C., May 28, 65. Priv. Hawkins, John, drafted, Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 3, 65. Priv. Himent, Jacob, sub., Feb. 27, 65 for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Holland, John, drafted, Oct. 20, 64. for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Jackson. George T., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Jones, Stewart B., sub., Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. 484 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Kayleraan, Casper, sub., Sept. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Keeney, Frederick M., sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Keefer, Joseph, drafted, Nov. 24, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65, Priv. Kelly, Daniel, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 3, 64. Priv. Kelly, John, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. on picket at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 19, 64; ab. on acct. of wds. since May 19, 64; no dis. furnished. Priv. Kester, John, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Killday, Frauk, drafted, Oct. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. King, Thomas, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Dept. Southwest, June 13, 64, S. O. 162, Dept. Va. and N. C.; dis. at exp. of term. [Was a captain in the rebel army; deserted and carne north.] Priv. Lamphar, William, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 10, 65. Priv Lynch, John, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; inns, out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Madder, George, drafted, Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Straw berry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64. Priv. McCaffery, John, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McCarter, Cyrus, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died a pris r at Salisbury, N. C., Dec. 5, 64. Priv. McGill, Lemuel, drafted, Oct. 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. with loss of leg at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ab. since at Balfour Hosp., Va.; no dis. furnished. Priv. McLaughlin, Archibald, sub., Feb. 21, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Merton, Robert, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mis. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; par. and ex. July 16, 65; dis. Nov. 18, 65. Priv. Minnier, John II., sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; died at Raleigh, N. C., June 5, 65. Priv. Missuer, John B., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 4, 64. Priv. Mowry, John, drafted, Sept. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. O Neil, James, drafted, Sept. 8, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. May 26, 65. Priv. Pepper, Isaac N., sub, March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Peterson, Henry C., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 16, 64 ; ex. Nov. 20, 64; ab. sick at mus. out ; at Annapolis, Md., since April 5, 65. Priv. Ray, James; rec t ; mus. April 15, 64; joined co., May 2, 64; wd. in ac tion at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; died of wds. Aug. 27, 64. Priv. Reeder, William W., sub., Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Reedy, Jacob, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Reedy, Simon, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rest, Christian, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; raus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Roberts, Francis M., drafted, July 30, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 8, 65. Priv. Roof, William, sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rouscher, Jacob, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Scott, Richard, dratted, Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY B. Priv. Schwabenthal, Joseph, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in skirmish at Woodstock Mills, Ga., Feb. 22, 64; again wd. in action at Petersburg .Mine. Va., July 30, 64; dis. at David s Island Hosp., N. Y. Harbor, July 3, 65, by order of War Dept. Priv. Seitzor, James D., sub., Feb. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; raus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. So ward, Francis M., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 6, 64; ab. at mus. out; at De-Camp Hosp., N. Y., since July 6, 64. Priv. Sheen, Michael, drafted, Sept, 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Shiley, John, sub., Sept. 6, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in nctiou at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Shultz, Joadicus, drafted, Aug. 11, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Smith, .James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Sept. 4, 64. Priv. Smith, Peter, sub., Aug. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 3, 65. Priv. Squires, Seymour J., sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sussner, Charles, drafted, Oct. 20, 64, for I yr.; dis June 24, 65. Priv. Trainer, James, drafted, Oct. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Vincenus, Frederick, drafted, Sept. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Walker, George, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Waygood, Thomas, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Westman, George W., sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 8, 65. Priv. Williams, George W., drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., June 25, 64; deserted Sept. 4, 64. Priv. Williams, Henry, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Williams. John W., sub., Feb. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Wilson, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; executed for desertion, at Fernandina, Fla., Feb. 7, 64, in conformity with sentence of gen. c^urt- martial. approved by Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, com g Dept. South. Priv. Wood, Preceptor, sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. COMPANY C, PAOLI GUARDS. Capt. Isaiah Price, 39 yrs., dentist, West Chester; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; com. maj. April 3, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term; pr. to brev. lieut. col. and to brev. col. March 6, 67, to rank from Sept. 19, 64. Capt. Henry W. Carruthers, 25 yrs., lawyer, \Vest Chester; first entered ser vice as priv. in Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 61 ; dis. July 29, 61; mus. as 1st lieut. Co. C, Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap adjt. and mus. Oct. 31, 61; pr. to capt. April 3, 64; mortally wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died of wds. at Chesapeake Hosp. Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 22, 64. Capt. Leonard R. Thomas, 20 yrs., teacher, Mortonville, Chester Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to corp. June 1, 64; tr. to non-com, staff, as qr.-mr. sergt. Sept. 1, ; 64 ; pr. to 2d lieut. Sept. 23, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Dec. 1, ( 4; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to brev. capt. March 13, 65, by order of War Dept., for gallantry at Fort Fisher; com. capt. March 15, 65; pr. maj. to June 1, 65; not mus.; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 486 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Capt. George W. Abel, 19 yrs., farmer, East Gosben; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to corp. May 28, 64; pr. to sergt., date unknown; pr. to 1st sergt., date unknown; pr. to 1st lieut. Feb. 1, 65; com. capt. June 1, 65; not mus.; mus. out with co. as 1st lieut. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Lieut. Emmor G. Griffith, 27 yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. as 2d lieut. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 1st lieut. Nov. 5, 61; res. on acct. of ill health and hon. dis. at Edisto, N. C., April 30, 62. 1st Lieut. Francis J. Eachus, 25 yrs., sailor, West Chester; first entered service as corp. Co. G, 2d P. Y., April 20, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt.; pr. to 1st lieut. April 30, 62; mus. out Nov. 3, 64, at exp. of term. 1st Lieut. Charles Warren, 23 yrs., laborer, England; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs., and ap. teamster; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to corp. and to sergt., dates unknown ; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 65; mus. May 26, 65; com. 1st lieut. June 1, 65; not mus.; mus. out with co. as 2d lieut. at Weldon, N. C. Aug. 28, 65. 2d Lieut. William Gardner, 23 yrs., painter, West Chester; first entered service as priv. in Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 61 ; dis. July 29, 61; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs., ap. 5th sergt. Sept. 18, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. Nov. 4, 61 ; died of malignant fever on board transport Boston, in Warsaw Sound, Ga., Feb. 19, 62. 2d Lieut. Isaac Smedley, 23 yrs., farmer, Willistown: first entered service in Co. E, 9th P. V., April 22, 61: dis. July 29, 61; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt. Sept, 18, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. Feb. 19, 62; hon. dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook Island, S. C., May 1, 63, to date March 9, 63. [Died of consumption at home, Feb. 12, 61.] 2d Lieut. Henry Kauffman, Jr., 23 yrs. farmer, Easttown; mus. Sept. 11, 61; ap. 4th corp. Sept, 18, 61; pr. to 3d corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 2d corp. Feb. 1, 62; pr. to 1st corp. March 20, 62; pr. to 1st sergt. June 5, 62, to rank from Feb. 19, 62; pr. to 2d lieut, July 1, 63; mus. out Sept. 25, 64, at exp. of term. 2d Lieut. Cyrus B. Showalter, 20 yrs., farmer, Berks Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to corp. and to sergt. in 64; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to 1st sergt. July 1, 65; com. 2d lieut. June 1, 65; not mus.; mus. out. with co. as 1st sergt, at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. [Since died.] 1st Sergt. John D. Beaver, 28 yrs., carpenter, Charlestown Twp.; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt. Sept. 18, 61 ; pr. to 2d sergt. April 30, 62; was color sergt. until July 1, 63, when pr. to 1st sergt., to date March 9, 63; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. Joseph R. Acker, 26 yrs., farmer, Tredyffrin Twp.; mus. Sept, 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt. Sept. 18, 61; pr. to 3d sergt, April 30, 61; pr. to 2d sergt. July 1, 63; killed while advancing with skirmish line at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 18, 64. Sergt. Gerritt S. Ilambleton, 22 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; Sept, 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp. Sept. 18, 61; pr. to 5th sergt. Nov. 5, 61; died of malarial fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 31, 62. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY C. 4S7 Sergt. Stephen II. Eachus, 20 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 11, V.I, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp. Sept. 18, 61 ; pr. to 1st corp. Nov. 5, 61 ; pr. to 5th sergt. Feb. 1, 62; pr. to 4th sergt. April 30, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. July 1, 63; pr. to 2d sergt. May 28, 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. Richard B. Moore, 22 yrs., farmer, Avondale; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp. Sept. 18, 61; pr. to 4th corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 3d corp. Feb. 1, 62; pr. to 2d corp. March 20, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. April 30, 62: pr. to 4th sergt. July 10, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, C.4; pr. to 3d sergt. May 28, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. Isaac A. Cleaver, 19 yrs., farmer, Radnor, Delaware Co.; mus. Sept. 11. 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Sept. 18, (51 ; pr. to 7th corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 6th corp. Feb. 1, 62; pr. to 5th corp. March 20, 62; pr. to 1st corp. July 26, 62; pr. 5th sergt. July 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to 4th sergt. May 29, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md.; mus. out at Philadelphia, Sept. 2, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. B. Lundy Kent, 21 yrs., farmer, Penn Twp.; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th eorp. March 20, 62; pr. to 3d corp. July 26. 62; pr. to 2d corp. April 1, 63; pr. to 1st corp. July 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to 5th sergt. May 28, 64; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, July 30, 64 ; dis. for pr. being com. capt. in U. S. Col. Troops about Aug. 30, 04, and mus. as capt. Co. E, 13th Heavy Arty., U. S. C. T., April 17, 65, S. O. 258, A. G. 0., Washington, D. C. Sergt. Cyrus M. Davis, 25 yrs, farmer, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64 ; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; pr. to sergt. July 26, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28. 65. Corp. Joseph M. Lewis, 22 yrs., miller, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp. Sept. 18, 61; pr. to 2d corp. Nov. 5, 61 ; pr. to 1st corp. Feb. 1, 62; died of malarial fever, on transport Marion, March 1, 62 ; bu. at sea off the coast of Georgia. Corp. Hibberd Aitkin, 25 yrs., farmer, East Goshen ; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. Sept. 18, 61 ; pr. to 5th corp. Nov. 5, 61 ; pr. to 4th corp. Feb. 1, 62; pr. to 3d corp. March 20, 62; pr. to 2d corp. April 30, 62; died at home July 16, . 62, of hemorrhage of lungs, contracted by exposure at Camp Wayne and prevented from marching with regt. Corp. Samuel W. Hawley, 21 yrs., clerk, Willistovvn ; raus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7tb corp.; pr. to 6th corp. Nov. 5, 61 ; pr. to 5th corp. Feb. 1, 62 ; pr. to 4tb corp. March 20, 62 ; pr. to sergt. maj. June 26, 62. Corp. John Y. McCarter, 30 yrs., paper manufacturer, Upper Oxford ; mus. as priv. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Nov. 5, 61 ; pr. to 7th corp. Feb. 1, 62 ; pr. to 6th corp. March 20, 62; pr. to 2d corp. April 30, 62; pr. to hosp. steward April 1, 63. Corp John R. Miller, 31 yrs., painter, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. March 20, 62 ; pr. to 4th corp. April 30, 62 ; pr. to 3d corp. April 1, 63 ; pr. to 2d corp. July 1, 63 ; pr. to 1st corp. May 28, 64 ; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, a exp. of term. 488 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. Davis 0. Taylor, 19 yrs., machinist, East Bradford; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, Cl, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp. April 30, 62; dis. at Hilton Head-, S. 0., Jan. 18, 64, for re-enlistment in Co. E, 3d U. S. Arty., G. 0. 154, War Dept. Corp. Robert Holmes, 21 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford ; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. July 18, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 28, 63. [Died at home March 24, 63, of climatic disease, contracted in service.] Corp. Levis T. Beidler, 23 yrs., farmer, Lionville; mus. as priv. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. July 18, 62; pr. to 4th corp. April 1, 63; pr. to 3d corp. July 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64 ; pr. to 2d corp. May 28, 64 ; dis. at U. S. Hosp. Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Robert B. Wilson, 18 yrs., farmer, Lewisville, Chester Co.; mus. as priv. Sept, 11, 61, for 3 yrs, ap. 8th corp. Aug. 1, 62; pr. to 5th corp. April 1, 63; pr. to 4th corp. July 1, 63 ; mortally wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64 ; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Ya., May 25, 64. Corp C. Burleigh Hambleton, 19 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. Jan. 22, 63; pr. to 5th corp. July 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; pr. to 3d corp. May 28, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., and mus. out at Philadelphia Sept. 2, 64, at exp. of term. [Was elected Recorder of Deeds for Chester County, Pa., Oct. 8, 72, for 3 yrs. from Jan. 1, 73.] Corp. Maris Pierce, 22 yrs., farmer, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Feb. 8, 63; pr. to 6th corp. July 1, 63; pr. to 4th corp. May 28, 64 ; mus. out Sept. 20, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. M. Davis Thomas, 22 yrs., farmer, Paoli; mus. as priv. Sept. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; was musician until Aug., 62 ; ap. 8th corp. April 1, 63; pr. to 7th corp. July 1, 63 ; mortally wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 18, 64 ; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Ya., May 27, 64. Corp. Jesse D. Farra, 36 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; op. 8th corp. July 1, 63; pr. to 5th corp May 28, 64; mus. out Sept, 17, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. James J. Dewees, 21 yrs., farmer, Tredyffrin Twp.; inus. as priv. Sept 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. April, 64; pr. to 6th corp. May 29, 64; wd. in action at Cold Harbor, Ya., June 6, 64; again wd. in action at Straw berry Plains, Ya., Aug. 16, 65; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. John Latch, 30 yrs., laborer, Willistown; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64; pr. to corp. July 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Henry H. Stiteler, 22 yrs., painter, Tredyffrin Twp.; mus. as priv. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re. mus. March 15, 64; wd. by shell in trenches near Petersburg, Ya., Aug. 29, 64; pr. to corp. July 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Musician Taylor W. Harper, 22 yrs , painter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on suig. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Ya., Dec. 8, 61. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY C. Musician William Pound, 18 yrs , farmer, Wayne Co., X. Y.; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, Cl, for 3 yrs.; ap. musician Jan. 1, 62; slightly wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Sept. 22, 64, at exp. of term. [Remained with regt. as clerk to sutler until regt. was mus. out in 65.] Musician James J. Wilson, 19 yrs., machinist, England; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. musician, vice Thomas, tr. to ranks, Aug., 62; ap. principal musician; tr. to non.-com. statf, June 20, 64. Teamster Charles Warren. [Promoted; see 2d lieut.] Priv. Abel, Joseph, 19 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Agg, William, 18 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. iu action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; again severely in arm by shell in trenches, near Cemetery Hill, Va., Aug. 29, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp., March 20, 65, to date from Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Beck, Alexander. 19 yrs, painter, Doun, Ireland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to U. S. Signal Corps, Jan. 30, 64. [Had been on detached service iu that dept. since Feb. 6, 62.] Priv. Bence, Joseph, 18 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E,, 3d U. S. Arty., Jan. 18, 63. Priv. Catren. David B., 27 yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 1, 63. Priv. Channel, Oliver, 20 yrs., blacksmith, Easttown ; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. oui Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv Clark, William (1st), 22 yrs., stone mason, Ireland; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E,3d U. S. Arty., Jan. 18, (53. Priv. Clark, William (2d), 37 yrs., laborer, Ireland; rec t ; raus. Aug. 9, 62, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Sept. 25, 62; dis. by G. 0. 73, Dept X. C., at Raleigh, N. C., June 29, 65, at exp. of term. Priv. Cobourn, Abraham, 20 yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 20, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Cresswell, William J., 25 yrs.; farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 22, 62. Priv. Dean, John, 25 yrs., lime burner, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 1, 6- }. [Killed, July 24, 68, by cars running over his leg while driving mule team, on Market St. R. R., Philadelphia.] Priv. Durnin, Xicholas, 18 yrs.. farmer, Ireland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mortally wd. on picket line, near Cemetery Hill, Va., June 27, 64; died within a few hours, at field hosp. 18th corps; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. D, dir. 4, grave 38. Priv. Eppright, Franklin T., 19 yrs., miller, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 11, 61 ( for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp of term. Priv. Griffith, Elias O., 20 yrs., cordwaiuer, Lionville; mus. Nov. 13, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Jan. 11, 65, at exp. of term. 490 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Griffith, Elwood, 22 yrs , farmer, Willistown; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Grimesj Anthony, 20 yrs., laborer, Ireland; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 20, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Gunkle, David H., 21 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mortally wd. by shell while on duty, at Fort Wagner, S. C., Sept. 10, 63; died same night at brig. hosp. Priv. Hickman, Emmor B., 20 yrs., farmer, East Goshen; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Hoffman, Francis, 18 yrs., farmer. Marsh, Chester Co.; mus., Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches on Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 23, 63 ; vet.; re- mus. March 15, 64; tr. to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., June 24, 65. [Dis. Nov. 22, 65, to date Aug. 28, 65.] Priv. Hopkins, Elliott, 23 yrs., lime burner, Derry, Ireland ; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., Jan. 18, 63. [Re-enlisted in bat. as vet. vol., and pr. to sergt.; served until end of term.] Priv. Jeffries, Thomas, 2t yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va.; May 18, 64 ; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Keeley, Levi, 20 yrs , miller, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook Island, S. C., May 9, 63. Priv. Kinnard, Asher M., 20 yrs., machinist, East Bradford; mus, Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kinsey, Charles J., 23 yrs., wheelwright, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr., at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 28, ; 63. Priv. Kirkpatrick, William, 20 yrs., mason, Phoenixville ; mus. Sept. 11, 61; for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 6, 62. Priv. Kitselman, N. Davis, 30 yrs., fanner, Willistown; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kitts, John L., 20 yrs., farmer, Chadsford ; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kugler, Joseph, 18 yrs., farmer, Tredyffrin; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 1, 63. Priv. March, Samuel A., 19 yrs., painter, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 2, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Mac Intosh, Jacob, 19 yrs., farmer, Charlestovvn; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Beaufort, S. C., Oct. 28, 63. Priv. McGinley, Hugh, 31 yrs., farmer, Donegal, Ireland; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs ; mus. out Sept. It, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. McKinley, Joseph 11., 19 yrs., clerk, West Chester; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of malarial fever on board transport Boston, in Warsaw Sound, Ga., Feb. 1, 62. Priv. McLane, Wesley, 18 yrs., blacksmith, Octorara, Lancaster Co.; mus. Sept. It, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 20, 62. [Since died.] Priv. McLane, William G., 25 yrs., miller, Octorara, Lancaster Co.; mus. Sept. It, 61, for 3 yrs., died of chron. diarr. at Beaufort, S. C., Nov. 8, 63. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY C. 491 Priv. Meodenhal], Kdward, 21 yrs., farmer, Parkerville; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; severely wd. (reported killed) in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid.. Va., May 20, G4; recovered and dis. from U. S. Hosp. Philadelphia, Sept. 27, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Montgomery. Michael W., 19 yrs.; farmer, New London; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Morgan, William, 28 yrs., miller, Willistown; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30. 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Morris, Mordecai E., 21 yrs., farmer, Loag s Corner; mus. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto, S. C., May 11. 62. [Re-entered service in Co. A, 128th P. V., July, 62, for 9 mos.; again re-enlisted for emergency July 1, 63, and served as 2d lieut., Co. F, 42d Pa. Militia; dis. with co. Aug. 11, 63; again entered the service Oct. 29, 64, as 2d lieut., Co. M, 198th P. V.; pr. to 1st lieut.; mus. out with co. June 4, 65.] Priv. Myers, Norris P., 22 yrs., farmer, Unionville; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in the advance upon Petersburg Heights, Va., June 15, 64; mus. out Sept, 20, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Paschall, Isaac, 24 yrs., farmer, Tredyffrin Twp.; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., July 26, (53. Priv. Pierce, Lewis C., 20 yrs., miller, Willistown; mus. Sept, 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of heart disease at James Island, S. C., July 2, 62; body removed to Hilton Head, S. C., and bu. in cem. outside intrenchments. Priv. Press, James, 21 yrs., blacksmith, Stanton, Del.; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of dysentery at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 6, 63. Priv. Quay, Ambrose, 19 yrs., saddler, Kimberton; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Vo., May 20, 64; again in trenches near Petersburg, Va., Sept, 5, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp. at Fortress Monroe, Va.. Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Ruth, David N., 18 yrs., carpenter, Willistown; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 22, 62. Priv. Shaw, Joseph A., 19 yrs , farmer, London Grove; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. A, div. 4, grave 140. Priv. Shingle, William, 18 yrs., farmer, Loag s Corner; mus. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. at West Chester Nov. 5, 61, on writ of hab. corp. issued by Judge William Wollerton, on the ground of minority. Priv. Showalter, Edward R., 18 yrs., railroader, Willistown; mus. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 27, 63. [Re ported to have died at Beaufort, S. C., Sept. 9, 63.] Priv. Speakmau, William H.f 19 yrs., carpenter, Westtown; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; mus. out Sept. 20, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Still, John J., 19 yrs., wheelwright, Kimberton; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 64; again wd. in trenches near same place July 2, 64; dis. from U. S. Hosp. Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. 492 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Thomas, William D., 22 yrs., plasterer, East Wbiteland ; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of terra. Priv. Thornbury, Lewis, 17 yrs., farmer, Marshalton; mus. Sept. 21, 61; wd. in trenches, with loss of right leg, near Petersburg, Va,, July 25, 64; suffered amputation three times in consequence of gangrene; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va,, Sept. 14, 64. [Slight in form but capable of great endurance, both on duty and in bravely suffering.] Priv. Thornbury, Taylor, 19 yrs., farmer, Marshalton; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Convalescent Camp, St. Helena, S. C., Aug. 8, 63. Priv. Yan Meter, Joel, W., 31 yrs., paper hanger, West Chester; mus. Sept, 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Dec. 16, 63. Priv. Yickers, Eugene, 20 yrs; machinist, East Bradford; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at McClellan Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 29, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Wagner, Charles, 28 yrs., farmer, Bavaria, Germany; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches, near Petersburg, Ya., July 27, 64; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Walker, Ezekiel, 21 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Aug. 21, 62. Priv. Walton, George W., 18 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 20, 64, at exp. of term. , Priv. Weidner, Henry B., 21 yrs., farmer, Charlestown; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Wei man, Henry, 18 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Wentz, Charles K., 19 yrs., paper maker, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Morris Island, Sept. 18, 63. Priv. Wetherill, Joseph, 26 yrs., c-oachmaker, Chester, Delaware Co.; rec t; mus. March 10, 62; joined co. June 5, 62; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Ya., sec. F, div. 1, grave 152. Priv. Whistler, William, 31 yrs., farmer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Williams, Josiah G., 18 yrs., farmer, Willistown; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at oxp. of term. Priv. Wilson, Robert A., 19 yrs., shoemaker, Levvisville; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Wood, Mahlon, 26 yrs., potter, Kennett Square; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermudto, Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Sept, 11, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Woodward, Samuel, 35 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; mus. Sept, 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 20, 64, at exp. of term. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Sergt. Albert Lesczzynski, sub., Oct. 20, 64, for I yr.; pr. from priv. to sergt ; no date given; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY C. 493 Sergt. Casper Slabowski, sub., Oct. 20, 64, f>r 1 yr.; pr. from priv. to sergt.; no date given ; mus out. Aug. 28. 65. [Said to b& a major in Italian Army on furlough for 1 yr. to enter Union Army.] Sergt. William Hammill, drafted, July 24, 64, for 3 yrs ; pr. from priv. to corp.; no date given ; pr. to sergt. July 1, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Daniel W. Clemmer, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. from priv. to corp.; no date given; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Joseph Brown ; drafted. Oct. 27, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. from priv. to corp.; no date given ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Thomas H. Bastian, sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr; pr. from priv. to corp. April 1, 65; dis. June 23, 65. Corp. Cornelius Hulsapple, sub., Oct. 27, 64, for 2 yrs.; pr. from priv. to corp. April 1, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. George J. Switzer, drafted, Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. from priv. to corp. June 26, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. James II. Quimby, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. from priv. to corp. April 1, 65; dis. June 5, 65. Corp. Israel Rodgers, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. from priv. to corp., date not given; dis. June 28, 65. Corp. Thomas Clark, drafted, July 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. from priv. to corp., date not given ; killed in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 05. Musician John Smearmau. sub., Oct. 4, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. from priv. to musician June 1, (15; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Avers, William B., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; died at post hosp., Raleigh, N. C., June 16, 65. Priv. Back, Jacob, drafted, March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Barman, George, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 1, 65. Priv. Barr, Joseph, drafted, Oct. 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. June 17, 65. Priv. Beiderman, Robert, sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bradley. Patrick, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 10, 64; was corp. from April 22, 65; reduced to priv. June 25, 65, for desertion ; restored to duty without trial by order of Maj. Gen. A. Ames, with approval of com. of 10th corps; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bradlick. William, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 14, 65. Priv. Bratz, Gottfried, drafted, Sept. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Bravo, Charles, drafted. Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 22, 65. Priv. Brookens, John A., sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brown, Edward, drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brown, George, drafted, Oct. 15, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches, near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 64; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Brown, Henry M., drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., New York, Aug. 23, 64; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I. Priv. Brown, Joseph, sub., Feb. 24, 65. for 1 yr.; mus out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Butler, Harris O., sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug 28, 65. 494 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Carney, Michael, drafted, Oct. 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, (55. Priv. Chase, Simeon, sub., Oct 21, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., New York, April 16, 65; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L I. Priv. Cole, Clinton; rec t; mus. Jan. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 16, 65. Priv. Cotterman, Adam, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Friv. Coulter, Lewis B.; rec t; mus. Feb. 20, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Cunningham, Joseph, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Davis, Jonathan, drafted, Feb 4, 65, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fever at Raleigh, N. C., June 9, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., sec. 20, grave 26. Priv Davison, Charles W., drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. May 30, 65. Priv. Deison, William, drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. at Hampton Hosp., Va., on acct. of w ds, June 17, 65. Priv. Devons, John A. L., drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. [Never heard from.] Priv*. Dingee, Joseph A., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 15, 65. Priv. Eckman, Samuel J., drafted, Feb. 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Eitel, John J., sub., Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fillinger, Charles, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fix, Daniel, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fix, John, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted June 14, 65. Priv. Flyght, Edward, drafted, Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of chron. diarr. at New- bern, N. C., May 24, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., sec. 70, grave 30. Priv. Fowler, Robert J., drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Fox, Joseph, drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; deserted at time of draft; retaken; $30 stopped for apprehension; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Glass, Samuel, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 23, 65. Priv. Glunt, John V., drafted, Nov. 14. 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Granger, Frederick, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gross, Christian, drafted, Oct. 27, 63, for 3 yrs ; deserted July 14, 64. Priv. Haines, Elijah, drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Harris, John O., drafted, Nov. 6, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Hartman, Christian, drafted, Sept. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Heindson, John D, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hitchcock, William, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fever at Raleigh, N. C., May 31, 65; bu. in Nat, Cem., sec. 20, grave 25. Priv. Hobman, George, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Holmes, Robert, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Hotchkiss, Charles E, sub., Oct. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Johnson, George, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Johnson, Jesse F., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fever at Raleigh, N. C., June 2, 65. Priv. Johnson Squire, drafted, Oct. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; killed in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65. Priv. Jones, Castleton B., drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY C. Priv. Jones, John T., drafted, Feb. 22, (55, for 1 yr.; deserted July 15, 65. Priv. Jones, Samuel R,, drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, (15. Priv. Juriscb, Charles A., drafted, Sept. 28, (54, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Keys, Alexander; rec t; mus. Feb. 14, 65; ab. at mus. out. Priv. Keys, John; rec/t; mus. Feb. 14, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. I riv. Kirk, William II., drafted. July 22, 63, for 3 yrs ; dis. June 21, 65. Priv. Lamb, Edward It., drafted, Sept. 2l7 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lott, Jesse C., drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; w d in trenches, at Ber muda H d, Ya., June 21, 64; deserted Aug. 21, 64. Priv. McClellan, Benjamin; rec t; mus. Jan. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; tr. to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., June 24, 65. [Dis. Nov. 22, 65, to date Aug. 30, 65.] Priv. McDonald, John, sub., Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; w d in action at Petersburg Mine, Ya., July 30, 64; ab. since in U. S. IIosp. Priv. McKenna, Lorenzo, sub., Oct. 10, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. May 17, 65. Priv. McSwain, Asher, drafted, Sept. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. at mus. out. Priv. Miller, Chandler, drafted, Oct. 27, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. by S. 0. War Dept. Feb. 2, 64, being under 18 yrs. of age. Priv. Miller, John, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; died at City Point, Va., June 26, 64. Priv. Miller, William, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. ia action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. on acct. of wds. May 15, 65. Priv. Mitchel, James J., sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Moandoafer, Andrew, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Moore, William, drafted, Jan. 13, 65, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fever at Raleigh, N. C., July 5, 65; bu. in Nat. Cera., sec. 20, grave 43. Priv. Myers, David C., drafted, March 4, 65, for 1 yr.: mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Persun, Nathan, drafted, Dec. 8, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 30, 65. Priv. Pogue, Solomon, drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Reed, Christian, drafted, Dec. 8, 64, for I yr; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Reed, Lutlier, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Remmers, Henry, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. at mus. out on furlough. Priv. Riley, William, drafted, Oct. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 3, 64. Priv. Ritchie, James W., drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; dis. June 30, 65. Priv. Rosencrantz, Ziba, drafted, Sept. 12, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Seeman, John, sub, Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 15, 65. Priv. Seigle, Solomon, sub., Sept. 15, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Selle, George, drafted, Jan. 19, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Shaffer, Mandin J., sub., March 2, 65; joined co. March 30, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Simmons, John, sub., March 1, 05. for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Simmerson, William T., drafted, Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sleek, Thomas J., drafted, May 4, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted June 15, 65. Priv. Smith, George, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; joined co. March 30, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Smith, John, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; joined co. March 30, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Smith, Richard T., Bub., June 7, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 10, 65. 496 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Smith, Samuel, drafted, Oct. 27, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed by grape shot in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya,, May 20, 64. Priv. Smith, William H., drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.: wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; dis. Dec. 28, 64. Priv. Steinmetz, Leonard, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis June 9, 65. Priv. Strouse, Lewis, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Toliver, Philip; rec t; mus. Jan* 11, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted April 16, 65. Priv. Vanlew, George W., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Walborn, Daniel, drafted, Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug 28, 65. Priv. Watts, Philip, drafted, Feb. 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Weed, Edwin, drafted, Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Welch, Charles, drafted, Sept. 12, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. June 11, 65. Priv. Wilkins, Charles, drafted, Oct., 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted March 12, 64. Priv. Wilson, Henry; rec t; mus. Jan. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 12, 65. Priv. Woodcock, Jesse, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Worth, Charles C ; rec t; mus. Jan. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65, COMPANY D, CONCORDVILLE RIFLES. Capt. William !>. Mendenhall, 32 yrs., printer, Delaware Co.; volunteered in Mexican War; served as a priv. in the 1st Del. Yols. in 3 mos. ser vice; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd in action at Green Plains, Ber muda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; again wd. in action at Peterburg Mine, Ya., July 30, 64; hon. dis. at U. S. Hosp., Annapolis, Md., Oct. 4, 64, on a<.-ct. of wds. and exp. of term. Capt. Henry Odiorne, 23 yrs., photographer, Ivy Mills, Delaware Co.; first en tered service as priv. in Co. D, 19th P. Y., April 27, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 6, 61. for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt. Sept. 20, 61; pr. to 2d lieut, July 80, 63; pr. to 1st lieut. June 1, 64; pr. to capt. Dec. 3, 64; not mus.; killed in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65. Capt. Isaac B. Taylor, 26 yrs., blacksmith, East Whiteland ; first entered service as priv. in Co. A, 9th P. Y., April 21, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th sergt.; pr. to 4th sergt. July 30, 63 ; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Ber muda Hd., Ya , May 18, 64; pr. to 1st sergt., to rank from June 1, 64; ap. to 2d lieut. Sept. 6, 64, to rank from June 1, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Dec. 3, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to capt. Feb 15, 65 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28. 65. 1st Lieut. George W. Williams, 31 yrs., carpenter, Crozierville ; mus. Sept. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; disabled by a fall while on duty at night, at Seabrook Is land, June, 63; res. and hon. dis, at Morris Island, S. C., July 29, 63. [Re-entered service for 100 days emergency, July 25, 64, as capt. Co. D. 197th P. Y.] 1st Lieut. Isaac Fawkes, 32 yrs., stone mason, Dilworthtown ; first entered ser vice as priv. in Co. A, 9th P. Y., April 22, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. 2d lieut. Sept, 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 1st lieut. July 30, 63; mus. Nov. 16, 63; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; bu. in Nat. Gem., City Point, Ya., sec. A, div. 1, grave 88. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY D. 497 1st Lieut. David W. Odiorne, 18 yrs., photographer, Ivy Mills, Delaware Co.; first entered service as priv. in Co. D, 19th P. V., April 27, (11, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp. Sept. 20, 61; pr. to 5th sergt. July 30, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Dec. 1, 63; pr. to 2d sergt. Sept. 6, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. Sept. 19, 64, to rank from July 1, 64; wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. Dec. 5, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Feb. 15, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. 2d Lieut. Charles H. Hannum, 24 yrs., carpenter, Concordville; mus. Sept. 6, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt. Sept. 20, 61; pr. to 1st sergt. July 30, 63; pr. to 2d lieut. June 1, 64; not mus.; pr. not accepted ; mus. out as 1st sergt. Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. 2d Lieut. John W. Brooks, 20 yrs., blacksmith. Concordville; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8tb corp. Oct. 2, 62, for faithful service; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; pr. to sergt. Sept. 6, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. Dec. 5, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. Feb. 15, 65, for gallant service at Fort Fisher, X. C.; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. Philip E. Hannum, 21 yrs., farmer, Concord ; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.: re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 3, 63 ; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; pr. to corp. Sept. 6, 64; pr. to sergt. Dec. 5, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to 1st sergt. Feb. 15, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Served continuously with co. in all engagements; was gallant and brave." Capt. M.] Sergt. Samuel McBride, 29 yrs., cotton manufacturer, Knowlton, Delaware Co.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt. Sept. 20, 61 ; pr. to 2d sergt. July 30, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, fi4; mus. out Sept. 7, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. John E. Davis, 25 yrs., dentist, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt. Sept. 20, 61; pr. to 3d sergt. July 30, 63; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. [Re-entered service in U. S. Marine Corps.] Sergt. Stephen W. Cloud, 23 yrs., carpenter, Wilmington, Del.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp. Sept. 20, 61 ; pr. to 1st corp. July 30, 63; pr. to sergt. Nov. 9, 63; ab. sick at exp. of term, Sept. 6, 64; supposed dis. according to circular 36, War Dept.; orders received to drop name from rolls. ["Was a good soldier; always at his post." Capt. M.] Sergt. David Morrow, Jr., 22 yrs., farmer, Glen Mills, Delaware Co.; mus. as priv. Sept, 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. July 12, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd , Va., May 20, 64; pr. to sergt. Oct. 10, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was a faithful soldier." Capt. M.] Sergt. Alfred Young, 19 yrs., printer, Chelsea, Delaware Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 3, 63; pr. to sergt. Sept. 6, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was a brave, faithful and fearless soldier." Capt. M.] 3? 498 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Sergt. Isaac Sapp, 38 yrs., cotton spinner, Concord; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. with picket boat in Light House Creek, Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 4, 63 ; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63 ; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; again wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64 ; again wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., Aug. 4, 64, and wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va. Aug. 16, 64; pr. to sergt. Oct. 10, 64; died of chrou. diarr. at IT. S., Hosp., Point of Rocks, Va., March 12, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. A, div. 3, grave 36. [" Distinguished for courage, coolness and fidelity to an eminent degree." Capt. M.] Sergt. James A. Allen, 20 yrs., farmer, Avondale, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th corp. Sept. 20, 61; reduced to ranks Oct. 2, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; pr. to sergt. Dec. 5, 64: mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was a steady good scldier." Capt. M.] Sergt. William McCarty, 25 yrs , coal miner, Minersville, Schuylkill Co., mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. Sept. 20, 61; reduced to ranks July 1, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. inaction at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64, and ap. color guard ; brought the colors from the field of action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. Dec. 5, 64, and ap. color sergt. for gallantry before Richmond; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65, and received hon. notice in order from Hd.-Qrs. War Dept. for dis tinguished bravery in that action ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Wilbur F. Flannery, 20 yrs., clerk, Village Green; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp. Sept. 20, 61; pr. to 2d corp. July 30, 63; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. [Was OD detached service at dept. hd.- qrs. during most of term.] Corp. William H. Sugden, 25 yrs., harness maker, Media; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp.; pr. to 4th corp. July 30, 63; mus. out Sept. 30, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Robert Fairlamb, 25 yrs.; carpenter, Media; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Sept. 20, 61; pr. to 7th corp. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 6th corp. July 30, 63; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. ["Was a faithful, reliable soldier." Capt. M.] Corp. Daniel H. Freas, 28 yrs.; farmer, White Marsh, Montgomery Co.; nius. as priv. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th cerp. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 7th corp. July 30, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; leg amputated; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., May 23, 64. ["Was faithful and brave to a fault." Capt. M.] Corp. Isaac N. Stout, 20 yrs.; wheelwright, Lower Merion, Montgomery Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. May 1, 62 ["for con stant good conduct." Capt. M.]; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd , Va., May 18, 64; at Hampton Hosp. for 1 yr.; tr. to McClellan Hosp., Philadelphia; dis. on surg. cert., and died of wds. in 65. ["Noted for cleanliness, faithfulness and courage ; beloved by officers and men." Capt. M.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY D. 499 Corp. Philip Gleave, 18 yrs., brewer, Parkosburg, Chester Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-inus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John Goodwin, 18 yrs., weaver, Rockdale; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was distinguished for unusual good conduct." Capt. M.] Corp. Jacob H. Hall, 24 yrs., farmer. Concord; mus. as priv. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to corp. April 1, 65; dis. Aug. 11, 65. ["Was a faithful and reliable soldier." Capt. M.] Corp. Hamilton Humes, 18 yrs., factoryman, Bancroft Mills; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; pr. to corp. April 1, 65; dis. by G. 0. June 24, 65, to re-enlist in Co. E, 3d U. S. Arty. Corp. Thomas Kelly, 19 yrs., factoryman, Lenni; mus. as priv. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet-; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; overstayed vet. furlough from May 10 to 16, 64; $30 stopped from pay for apprehension : restored to duty without trial by order of Maj. Gen. Foster; pr. to corp. April 22, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Served faithfully until the close of the war." Capt. M.] Corp. Thomas Rutter, 19 yrs., carder, Upland; mus. as priv. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; pr. to corp. April 23, 65 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Re-enlisted in U. S. A., 65.] ["Distinguished for good conduct in battle and in camp." Capt. M.] Corp. John W. Carter, 19 yrs., farmer, Thornbury, Delaware Co.; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs., vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; again wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 29, 64; pr. to corp. June 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [A quiet, faithful soldier." Capt. M.] Corp. John Jordan, 19 yrs., cotton twister, Brandywine Village, Del.; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Served bravely and faithfully with his company." Capt. M.] Musician Samuel J. Buckland, 21 yrs., bookbinder, Concord; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted while on furlough from Camp Wayne, Oct. 22, 61. Musician David M. Cloud, 22 yrs., farmer, Wilmington, Del.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Sept. 20, 61; ap. musician at his own request Oct. 1, 61; ab. sick at exp. of term, supposed dis. according to circular 36, War Dept. Musician Isaac B. Hannum, 19 yrs., farmer, Concord; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61; for 3 yrs.; ap. musician Oct. 28, 61; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28. 65. [Was in all engagements as a private; a good soldier." Capt. M.] 500 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Musician James St. John, Sr., 61 yrs., drummer, Philadelphia; was principal musician from organization of regt. until dis. by G. 0. 126, War Dept., Oct. 13, 62; re-enlisted and mus. as drummer of Co. D., Nov. 26, 62, for 3 yrs.; pr. to principal musician May 1, 63. ["St. John was a drummer boy in the war of 1812; was a soldier in the Mexican war; was drum maj. of the 9th P. V., in the 3 mos. service, and drum maj. of the 97th P. Y. from Aug. 22, 61, until Oct. 13, 62. He had two sons in this regt. and two in the Army of the Potomac. He was considered the best drummer in Pennsylvania." Furnished from column of remarks, Alpha betical Roll, Co. D, 97th P. V., by Brig. Gen. James E. Latta, Adjutant General, Pa.] Musician Harmon B. Cloud, 19 yrs., farmer, Brandywine Tillage, Del.; mus. as priv. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 3, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; ap. mu sician Oct. 10, 64; served in ranks from choice during most of term; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Teamster John P. Cloud, 44 yrs., carpenter, Lenni : mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. Teamster Francis W. Starkey, 28 yrs., farmer, Glen Mills; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. teamster in 62, date not given; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. [" Was a steady, faithful and reliable soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Babe, Robert, 20 yrs., farmer, Chelsea, Del. Co.; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. Mar. 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. with loss of foot, in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64 ; dis. at Hagar Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., on acct. of wds. Aug. 20, 64. Priv. Baker, Joseph, 24 yrs., miller, Glen Mills; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of consumption at Hilton Head, S. C., July 25, 62. Priv. Barr, James, 19 yrs., carder, Bancroft Mills,; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Beaumont, James, 18 yrs., weaver, Knowlton; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.. vet.; re-mus. Mar. 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 64; again wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Berry, William, 25 yrs., seaman, Leroy, Genesee Co., N. Y.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Fort Wood, N. Y. Harbor, March 18, 63. Priv. Booth, John, 18 yrs., farmer, Bethel; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; de serted while on furlough from Camp Wayne Oct. 22, 61. Priv. Booth, Joseph E., 22 yrs., farmer, Bethel; mus. Sept. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Morris Island, S. C., Oct. 3, 63. Priv. Brierly, James, 19 yrs., cotton spinner, Marcus Hook; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd., with loss of leg, in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died on board hosp. barge Gen. Wool, at Bermuda Landing, May 21, 64. Priv. Brown, William H., 21 yrs., stone mason, Pocopson, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; died at Hilton Head, S. C., Dec. 6, 62. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY D. 501 Priv. Bullock, James S., 19 yrs., blacksmith, Centreville, Del.; in us. Oct. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; rejoined co. from hosp., Sept., 64; mus. out Oct. 25, 64, at exp. of term. ["Was a good soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Bullock, William W., 18 yrs., farmer, Christiana lid., Del.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Wier Bottom Church, Va., Aug. 26, 64; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Burley, Robert, 19 yrs., weaver, Upland; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret\ re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; \vd. in action at Ceme tery Hill, Va., June 30, 64; supposed to have died in hosp. from wds.; never heard from. ["Was a faithful and gallant soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Burns, Daniel, 33 yrs., farmer, Concord; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. [Died in Philadelphia, date un known.] Priv. Butler, Ephraim, 28 yrs., plasterer, Parkerville, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; eel.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; rnus. out with ro. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Cathcart, William, 23 yrs., weaver, Rockdale; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Cloud, Charles S., 19 yrs., cotton picker, Crozierville; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.: re-mus. March 15, 64, t > date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, Va., June 30, 64; died of wds. in field hosp., 10th corps, near Petersburg. Va., July 1, 64. ["A brave and fearless soldier ; always at his post." Capt. M.] Priv. Cloud, Henry H., 19 yrs., spinner, Brandy wine Village, Del.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ab. from wds. at mus. out; supposed dis. Sept. 19, 64, by circular 36, War Dept., at exp. of term. ["Four brothers and an uncle in company; all good soldiers." Capt. M.] Priv. Cloud, Lewis C., 18 yrs., farmer, Brandy wine Village, Del.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Dec. 10, 62. Priv. Cloud, Samuel J., 18 yrs.; farmer, Pocopson, Chester Co.; IIIUH. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.: re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [" Faithful and brave soldier; in all engagements; nar rowly scratched several times." Capt. M.] Priv. Crosson, James, 18 yrs., farmer, Pennsbury, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.: re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 30, 64, as per notice received from Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia. Priv. Davis, Benjamin, 23 yrs., printer, Chester; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid dysentery at Hilton Head, S. C, Sept. 10, 62. ["A scholar and soJ$lier." Capt. M.] Priv. Dowling, John, 21 yrs., carder, Marcus Hook,.; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Vn., July 30, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65 ["Was a fine, clean soldier." Capt. M.] 502 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Drake, Samuel, 19 yrs., stone mason, Rockdale ; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of climatic fever at Edisto Island, S. C., June 8, 62. [The first death in co.] Priv. Eavenson, George W., 23 yrs., wheelwright, Thornbury ; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out. Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. ["Though sickly during most of the term, he was a faithful soldier." Capt. M.j Priv. Elliott, Thomas, 26 yrs., teamster, Knowlton, mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. * Priv. Eyre, Joseph L., 21 yrs., farmer, Bethel; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in night attack upon picket boat in Light House Creek, Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 4, 63. Priv. Fawkes, Abraham, 27 yrs., farmer, Goshen; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 9, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Frame, Francis M., 22 yrs., farmer, Birmingham; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. ["Served faithfully with his co." Capt. M.] [After dis. received ap. as clerk in com. dept. in Sheri dan s Army, in Shenandoah Valley, Va.] Priv. Ferguson, Robert J., 18 yrs., painter, Crozierville ; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; overstayed vet. furlough from May 10 to 26, 64; $30 stopped from pay for appre hension; restored to duty without trial by order of Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney; was slightly wd. accidentally, July 4, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was a good, faithful soldier; an excellent shot." Capt. M.] Priv. Griffith, William H., 24 yrs., farmer, Concord; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept, 29, 64 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hadfield, Levi, 19 yrs., weaver, Bancroft Mills; mus. Sept, 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Heights, Va., June 16, 64 ; mus. out Sept, 19, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Hamilton, James, 18 yrs., farmer, Bethel; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in trenches, near Petersburg, Va., July 26, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["In all engagements with company." Capt. M.] Priv. Hannum, Enoch, 33 yrs., farmer, Birmingham; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C., May 24, 62. Priv. Harman, John G., 42 yrs., cordwainer, Mortonville, Delaware Co.; mus- Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Harry, John B., 24 yrs., butcher, Pocopson, Chester Co.; mus. Nov. 13, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 8, 62. Priv. Higgins, Henry, 18 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in right hand on picket, James Island, S. C., Jjune 26, 62; mus. out Sept. 23, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Howarth, Richard S., 26 yrs., tinsmith, Concordville; mus. Sept, 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus out Sept. 19, 64, at exp. of term. ["Was in all battles with his company; a brave and faithful soldier." Capt. M.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY D. 503 Priv. Huey, John E., 19 yrs., fanner, Birmingham; nws. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at St. Helena Island, S. C., Dec. 10, 62. ["Was a useful, willing soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Hughes, Benjamin, 18 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C.. Sept. 27, 63. Priv. Jones, William (1st), 20 yrs.; farmer, Brandy wine Hd.. Del.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Died at home, Oct., 65, from disease con tracted by exposure while in the service.] [" He was a good soldier ."- Oapt. M.] Priv. Karney, Michael, 20 yrs., farmer, Concord; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["At his post in every action; steady and reliable." Capt. M.] Priv. Kelly. William II., 18 yrs., farmer, Whitehall, Pa.; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., by concussion from shell, Aug. 29, 64; died of wds. at field bosp., 18th corps, Aug. 30, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem. City Point, Va., sec. D, div. 1, grave 2. ["A brave young soldier; the pet of his com rades; only son of a widow." Capt. M.] Priv. Keyzer, John C., 44 yrs., laborer, Lenni; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at West Chester, Oct. 17, 61, by order of Maj. Gen. Dix. Priv. Kilroy, John, 35 yrs., laborer, Lenni; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert at West Chester Oct. 24, 61. by order of Maj. Gen. Dix. ["These two men, Keyzer and Kilroy, were not of the stuff soldiers are made of." Capt. M.] Priv. Lancaster, Thomas M., 22 yrs., farmer, Chelsea, Pa.; mus. Sept 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of diptheria at St. Helena Island, S. C., Dec. 29, 62. Priv. Martin, Ferdinand, 29 yrs., farmer, Allentown, Pa.; mus. Nov. 13, 61, for 3 yrs.; died at Hilton Head, S. C., April 15, 63. Priv. Maxwell, Edward, 22 yrs., blacksmith, Village Green; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at St. Helena Island, S. C., Dec. 10, 62. Priv. Macintosh, William W., 30 yrs., farmer, Concord; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 64; was in hosp. until Dec., 64; rejoined co. and again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15. 65; raus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was faithful and always at bis post." Capt. M.] Priv. McManus, James, 23 yrs., blacksmith, Brandywine Banks, Del.; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; dis for wds. from U. S. Hosp. Jan. 10, 65. Priv. Miles, George W., 22 yrs., farmer, Paoli; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; deserted from near Ra leigh, N. C., Aug. 3, 65. [Mus.-outroll.] ["Served faithfully with com pany three yesrs; was in all engagements; was arrested for some act contrary to military discipline, and jumped from cars on the way to Ra. leigh, N. C., Aug. 3, 1865; not recaptured." Capt. M.] Priv. Moore, George B., 31 yrs., farmer, West Bradford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., April 14, 62. 504 HISTORY OF THE NINETY SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Parker, Samuel, 19 yrs., cotton spinner, Lenni; mus. Sept, 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-raus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. and capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C., Dec. 16, 64. [A brother, member of another Pa. regt., died in same prison.] Priv. Pass, John, 23 yrs., farmer, Pennsbury; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was faithful, steady and brave throughout." Capt. M.] Priv. Patterson, Riley, 24 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches, Morris Island, S. C., by concussion from cannon shot, date not given; died of chron. diarr. at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 24, 63. Priv. Pierce, George K., 23 yrs., farmer, Brandy wine Hd., Del.; mus. Sept. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., by a rebel sharp-shooter, July 26, 64; died of wds. at field hosp., 18th corps, July 27, 64. ["A steady, brave man and cheerful soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Pyle, Ezra B., 43 yrs., East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; de serted from Camp Wayne Oct. 9, 61. Priv. Pyle, Francis H., 31 yrs., carpenter, Concord; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Served faithfully during the war." Capt. M.] Priv. Pyle, Walter, 22 yrs., stone mason, Concord; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action near Peters burg Heights, Va., June 17, 64, and again in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 15, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["A good soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Russell, Joseph, 24 yrs., farmer, Birmingham; rnus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in night attack upon picket boat in Light House Creek, at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 4, 63; bu. near the Light House, Morris Island. Priv. Sharp, John, 23 yrs., weaver, Avondale; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept, 19, 64, at exp. of term. ["Served continuously and faith fully with company until discharged." Capt. M.] Priv. Sheen, John, 33 yrs., farmer, Concord; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., May 9, 63. [After ward enlisted in 175th P. V., and was killed in trenches before Peters burg, Va,, in Aug., 64.] Priv. Smith, Jacob B., 18 yrs., farmer, Thornbury; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 18, 64; dis. on surg. cert, at Foster s Hcsp., New- bern, N. C., July 10, 65. Priv. Smith, Theodore M., 21 yrs., carpenter, Thornbury; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook Island, S. C., June 21, 63. [Re- entered service in cavalry.] Priv. Smith, William, 30 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E, 3d TJ. S. Arty., Nov. 17, 62, G. 0. 154, War Dept. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY D. 505 Priv. Stuckey, John H., 19 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 6, (51, for 3 yrs.; ret.: re-mus. March 15, (14, to date Dec. 1, (53; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64; leg amputated; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., May 24, (54. Priv. Tenney, Hugh, 20 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.: re-mus. March 15. (54, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Was a good soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Thompson, John, 34 yrs., blacksmith, Concord; mus. Sept. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, (54, to date Dec. 1, 63; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, Va., June 30, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Walters, Jesse D., 18 yrs., cotton carder, Concord; mus. Sept. 6, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; killed in picket skirmish near Petersburg, Va., June 29, 64; bu. in Nat. Gem., City Point, Va., sec. D, div. 4, grave 65. ["Was a good soldier. "- ( apt. M.] Priv. Watson, William, 19 yrs ; cotton weaver, Upland; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Dec. 1, 63; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ["Served faithfully with company through the war."- Cnpt. M.] Priv. West, Joseph Benjamin, 18 yrs., carder, Crozierville ; rec t ; mus. April 15, 64, for 3 yrs.; mortally wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; died of wds. May 26, 64. ["Only son of a widow; a brave boy, giving promise of making a fine soldier." Capt. M.] Priv. Wright, James, 19 yrs., cotton epinner, Marcus Hook; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 23, 62. ["Was a remarkable neat soldier; always reliable." Capt. M.] Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Priv. Aikins, Charles B., sub., March 4, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Allen, John J., sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Alexander, Newton, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 11, 05. Priv. Anderson, Charles (1st), drafted, Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Anderson, Charles (2d), sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted Aug. 3, 65. Priv. Balliet, Edward, drafted, Sept. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Oct. 7, 63; arrested in Aug., 64; returned to co. Dec. 6, 64; tried by court-martial; sentenced to 6 mos. hard labor; finding of court approved, but sentence remitted and the soldier remanded to duty with co.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Barrom, Abraham, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Beaumont, William ; rec t; mus. March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Besson, William, sub., Oct. 17, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Blew, Charles H., drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Fos ter s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; again at Cemetery Hill, Va., June 30, 64; dis. on surg. cert. June 12, 65. ["A brave man."- Capt. M.] Priv. Boyd, Richard, drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 15, 64. Priv. Brown, Charles, sub., Nov. 21, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Burke, Michael, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Deichman, Emanuel, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ab. from wds. at mus. out.; no dis charge furnished. ["Killed in action was a reliable, faithful soldier." Capt, M.] Priv. Doclson, John, drafted, Sept. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Duval, John M., drafted, Sept. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Fair, John D., drafted, Sept. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. May 23, 65. Priv. Fail-field, Francis, drafted, Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 19, 64; arrested Nov. 1, 64; $30 stopped for apprehension; ab. in arrest at mus. out; at Alexandria, Va.. Priv. Frame, Abner, drafted, Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64 ; dis. on surg. cert. April 4, 65. Priv. Funk, Adolph, sub., Nov. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Geary, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs; wd. in action, with loss of arm, at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; dis. for wds. June 8, 65. Priv. Gergel, John M., drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. slightly in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps. Sept 30, 64. Priv. Gorman, James, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gribbin, Christopher, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Hafner, Michael, drafted, Nov. 12, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 16, 65. [Died June 17, 65; bu. in Cypress Hill Gem., L. I.] Priv. Haugh, Samuel, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hazel, Charles, sub., Nov. 19, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Heck, Henry, drafted, Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Heckerman, Wilhelm, sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Heibel, Caspar, drafted, Sept. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Heller, John, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hennigan, John W., sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Herring, Charles, sub.. Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hogg, Edward H., drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 64 ; dis. on surg. cert. April 8, 65. [Formerly in British Army.] Priv. Humes, Kennedy; rec t; mus. April 15, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 2, 64 ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Jackson, William, drafted, Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 19, 64, apprehended Sept. 18, 64; $30 stoppage; in confinement at Alexandria, Va., at mus. out. Priv. Jones, Smith, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Pe tersburg, Va., July 3, 64; tr. to U. S. A. Aug. 6, 64, by G. 0. War Dept. Priv. Jones. William (2d), drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out; since May 21, 64. [Capt. M. reports this man a deserter, May 21, 64, carrying away arms, accoutrements, etc.] Priv. Larimer, William, sub., July 12, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lechner, John, drafted, Sept. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Lenhard, Bernard, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Long, Andrew D., drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd.jn action at Straw berry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; dis. on surg. cert. July 1, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY D. 507 Priv. Louis, John H., drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out, since May 21, (54; mus.-out roll. [Capt. M. reports him a deserter on May 2, 64, carrying off arms, etc.] Priv. Mahan, Thomas, sub., Nov. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; deserted March 2, 65. Priv. Martin, Joshua; rec t; mus. March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; joined co. April 13, 65; inus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McClure, James, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 5, 64. Priv. McGee, Patrick, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, Va., June 30, 64; again wd. in trenches, near Petersburg, Va.,July 12, 64; dis. June 24, 65. [Re-enlisted in Co. E, 3d U. S. Arty.] Priv. McGinley Barney, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McKinnerney, Allen, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McMinimee, John S., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Morgan, Alban, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Myer, John, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28; 65. Priv. Myers, James, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 15, T 64. Priv. Orchard, John, sub., March 4, 65, for 3 yrs ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Phillips, John, sub., June 27, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Putell, Jacob, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains , Bermuda lid., Ya., May 20, 64 ; ab. in hosp. since May 20, 64. Priv. Quinn, John, drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rannalls, James, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 10, 64 [" Captured, tried and sentenced to six months imprisonment at Hilton Head, S. C., Capt. M.] Priv. Shirden, John, sub., Nov. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sbmuch, Solomon, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Singer, John, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 1 jr.; mu.s. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Smith, John, drafted, Oct. 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Va., June 5, 64. ["A bruve man." Capt. M.] Priv. Tedrow, Sylvester, sub., Oct. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Tennant, Oliver, drafted, Nov. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Vanbuskirk, Isaac, drafted, Sept. 26, 64, tor 1 yr.; dia. June 28, 65. Priv. Walls, Hezekiah, sub., Oct. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; mu.s. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Walsh, Patrick II., sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 24, 65. [Re- enlisted in Co. E, 3d U. S. Art y.] Priv. Walter, Daniel G., sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Wheeler, Anson, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. on surg. cert. May 29, 65. Priv. White, Thomas, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Wilson, George W., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Wizling, Casper, drafted, Nov. 12, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 29, 65. Priv. Wright, John, drafted, Sept. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Oct. 7, 63, from Camp Rendezvous; retaken Aug., 64; assigned to co. Dec. 6, 64; tried by court-martial; sentenced to 6 mos. hard labor; finding of court ap proved; sentence remitted; soldier restored to duty; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Zeigler, William P., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. 508 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. COMPANY E, MULLIGAN GUARDS. Capt. William McConnell, 34 yrs., painter, West Chester; first entered service as 1st sergt. Co. E, 9th P. V., April 22, 61 ; dis. July 29, 61; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; resigned and hon. dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., April 28, 64; died of hemorrhage of bowels at West Chester Aug. 14, 66, the result of disease contracted in the service. Capt. Samuel D. Smith, 28 yrs., butcher, Westtown; first entered service as priv. in Co. E, 9th P. V., April 22, 61; dis July 29, 61; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 1st sergt. May 10, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, ! 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; pr. to 1st lieut, Dec. 6, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to capt. May 1, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Lieut. John H. Babb, 29 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; first entered service as 2d lieut. in Co. G, 2d P. V., for 3 mos. April 20, 61; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; resigned and hon. dis. at Edisto, S. C., April 26, 62. [Re- entered service as 2d lieut. in Co. M., 181st P. V. (20th Pa. Cav.); dis. with regt. July 13, 65.] 1st Lieut. John McGrath, 29 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; first entered service as priv. in Co. G, 2d P. V., April 20, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. as 2d lieut. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 1st lieut. April 26, 62; mus. out at Chapin s Farm, Va., Nov. 10, 64, at exp. of term. 1st Lieut. John C. Nicholson, 22 yrs.,oc. and res. unknown; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to sergt.; wd. on picket at James Island, S. C., June 12, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. May 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. 2d Lieut. John McNamee, 21 yrs., stone mason, West Chester; first entered service as priv. in Co. A, 9th^P. V., April 22, 61; dis. July 29, 61; mus. Sept, 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. April 26, 62; resigned and hon. dis. at Seabrook, S. C., May 9, 63. [Re-entered service in U. S. Marine Corps.] 2d Lieut. Jauaes Me Williams, 24 yrs., moulder, West Chester; first entered ser vice as priv. in Co. G, 2d P. V., April 20, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. May 10, 63; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; mus. out at Chapin s Farm, Va., Nov. 3, 64, at exp. of term. 2d Lieut. John Sullivan, 21 yrs., laborer, West Chester; first entered service as priv. in Co. G, 2d P. V., April 20, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. Nov. 1, 63; vet,; re-mus. March 1, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; pris r until Dec. 24, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. to rank from Dec. 6, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. Daniel Sullivan, 19 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 9 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Sept. 27, 64; pr. to sergt. date unknown; pr. to 1st sergt. May 1, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY E. o()9 Sergt. James Coughlin, 23 yrs., nurseryman, Chester Co., mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 2d sergt. May 10, 63; vet.; re- mus. March In, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; deserted from U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 65. Sergt. Patrick Carter, 27 yrs., cordwainer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 11, (51, for . } yrs.; ap. 5th sergt Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. April 26, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. May 10, 63; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 13, 63. Sergt. George L. Smith, 27 yrs., farmer, Westtown ; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp. Oct. 2, 61 ; pr. to sergt. May 31, 62; w d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va.. May 20, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. at Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia, Nov. 28, 64. Sergt. William H. Spicer, 20 yrs., tailor, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 7th corp. Nov. 6, 61; pr. to 6th corp. Feb. 20, 62; pr. to 4th corp. June 25, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. Nov. 1, 63; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 8, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, date unknown. Sergt. Michael Rush, 42 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; no date of ap. to corp. or sergt.; vet.; re-mus. March 15. 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 2S, 65. [Since died of coup-de soleil, at Phoenixville, Pa., July 15, 68.] Sergt. James A. lliley, 26 yrs., laborer; mus. as priv. Sept. 14, 61, for 3 yrs ; no date of ap. to corp. or sergt.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Petersburg Miue, Va , July 30, 64; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. John O Brien, 20 yrs., painter, New York; mus. Sept. 15, 61, for 3 vrs.- wd. in trenches at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 5, 63; no date of pr. to corp. or sergt.; vet.; re-nius. March 15, 64, to date July 1, 64; mus. out with co. -Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. David Signet, 20 yrs., laborer, Charlestown; mus. as priv. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to corp.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to sergt. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Edward Corcoran, 35 yrs., farmer, East Bradford; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp. Oct. 2. 61; killed in action at GnmbaU s Plantation, James Island, S. C., June 10, 62. [The first man killed in the regt.; bu. near where he fell.] Corp. George Jenkins, 28 yrs., plasterer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp. Oct. 2, 61; tr. to ranks at his own request Feb. 28, 62; re-ap. corp. Dec. 1, 62; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Bernhard McDerraott, 27 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th corp. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 1st corp. June 25, 62; ret.; re-mus. Ma-ch 15, 64, to date Feb. 29. 64; killed in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64. Corp. William Glanding, 39 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp. Oct. 2, 61; pr. to 2d corp. June 26, 62; wd. and capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 9, 64: grave 5,172. 510 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. James 0. Day, 23 yrs , laborer, Chester Co.; raus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. Oct. 2, 61; deserted from Camp Wayne, West Chester, Oct. 8, 61. Corp. Thomas Cummins, 44 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 25, 62; died of typhoid fever at Conva lescent Camp, St. Helena Island, S. C., July 29, 63. Corp. William Egan, 43 yrs., baker, res. unknown; mus. as priv. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs., pr. to rorp. June 26, 62; dis. by circular 36, War Dept., from U. S. Hosp., supposed Camp Taylor, Va., Sept. 9, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Thomas Forsytbe, 34 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. corp. about Nov. 1, 63, and det. with color guard; mus. out Oct. 25, 64, at exp. of term. [Died at home.] Corp. Jeremiah Hennesey, 37 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. corp. about Nov. 1, 63; mus. out Oct. 21, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Joseph Little, 21 yrs., farmer, Goshen; mus. as priv. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. on picket skirmish, James Island, S. C., June 12, 62; pr. to corp. about Nov. 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; reduced to ranks July 9, 64; deserted while on picket at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 21, 64. Corp. Francis Carter, 20 yrs., laborer, West Chester; rec t; mus. as priv. Nov. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Feb. 1, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; capt d in skirmish near Petersburg, Va., July 16, 64; pris r until Dec. 21, 64; paroled; died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 30, 64. Corp. Peter Steward, 26 yrs., laborer, West Bradford; mus. as priv. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to corp.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 27, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John Butler, 21 yrs., waiter, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to corp.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. William Gillen, 21 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept, 9, 61, tor 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Charles Sharp, 33 yrs., laborer, Washington, D. C.; rec t ; mus. as priv. Dec. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Feb. 16, 62; pr. to corp. June 25, 62; reduced to ranks; date not given; dis. to date Feb. 15, 65. [Was pre viously in U. S. service.] Musician Hugh O Donnell, Jr., 14 yrs., musician, West Chester; mus., Oct. 2, 61. for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 24, 62. Musician Charles Riley, Jr., 18 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Teamster Jonathan Pine, 42 yrs., wagoner, Sadsburyville ; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 2, 63. Priv. Allen, Alexander, 26 yrs., plumber, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; deserted while on vet. furlough May 23, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY E. oil Priv. Arters, Reese, 31 yrs., tailor, Sadsbury; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs; ills. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, 8. ( ., July 26, (53. Priv. Bell, Thomas, 40 yrs., pudler, Phceiiixville; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. from U. S. Hosp., Oct. 21, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Beuuett, John, 25 yrs., laborer, East Bradford; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs; mus. out Oct. IS, 64. at exp. of term. Priv. Brown, Matthew, 27 yrs., laborer, Valley Forge; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at New York Hosp. Nov. 2(5, 62. Priv. Burns, William, 27 yrs., laborer, Lexington, Mass.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 8, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Carberry, Cormac, 25 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. from U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 26, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Carroll, Thomas, 28 yrs., laborer; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., March 27, 63. Priv. Chappie, Ovel, 36 yrs., watch maker. Valley Forge; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. dysentery at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 29, 63. Priv. Collins, Patrick, 37 yrs., laborer, res. unknown; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Priv. Conner, Martin, 30 yrs.; laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 30, 62. Priv. Conway, George, 21 yrs., farmer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 18, 62. Priv. Conway, John F, 41 yrs., laborer, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64; die 1 at Andersonville, Ga., June 30, 64. Priv. Crawford, William, 37 yrs., tailor, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at De-Camp Hosp., David s Island, N. Y.; since May 30, 64 ; dis. at that place Oct. 21, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Cummins, Dominick, 25 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Dallass, Thomas, 37 yrs., farmer, Penningtonville; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Priv. Davis, Peter, 22 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Aug. 12, 62. Priv. Donnelly, Richard. 27 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus, out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of terra. Priv. Dougherty, James, 35 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 11, 62. Priv. Dougherty, Peter, 35 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C., May 24, 62. Priv. Duffy, Colom, 18 yrs., laborer, New Castle Co., Del.; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; pris r until Dec. 19, 64; dis. at Camp Parole Dec. 2, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Duffy, Francis, 30 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept, 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Hilton Head, April 19, 63. Priv. Dunlavy, Michael, 24 yrs., baker, West Chester; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernaudiua, Fla., April 10, 64. 512 HISTORY OF THE! NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Finnessy, Richard. 32 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., June 14, 64. Priv. Flannery, John, 25 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 16, 64, grave 11,026. Priv. Gibbons, William, 27 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Wier Bottom Church, Bermuda Hd., Va., Aug. 25, 64. Priv. Grant, Patrick. 23 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 5, 63; mus. out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Groce, George, 40 yrs., factoryman, Valley Creek; mue. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of diarr. at Newbern, N. C., June 2, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., plot 1, grave 71. Priv. Hall, Thomas, 26 yrs., laborer, Easttown; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 30, 62. Priv. Haney, Thomas, 18 yrs., farmer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 18, 62. [Re-entered 3 yrs. service Dec. 28, 63, in Co. A, 20th Pa. Cav.; dis. with regt, July 2, 65.] Priv. Haslarn, Charles, 24 yrs., laborer, Charlestown ; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. on picket at James Island, S. C., June 12, 62; died of wds. in U. S- Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., July 8, 62. Priv. Hill, Charles, 33 yrs., laborer, West Bradford; mus. Oct. 29, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 29, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Holt, Thomas, , yrs., oc. and res. unknown; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64. [Name not on mus. -out roll.] Priv. Huggins, Josiah G., 39 yrs., cabinet maker, West Chester; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. I, (52. Priv. Johnson, John, 36 yrs., laborer, Penningtonville; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mis. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 17, 64. Priv. Johnston, Robert, 20 yrs., blacksmith, Delaware Co.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Joyce, Patrick. 23 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kaver, James, 35 yrs.; laborer, Sadsburyville; mus. Nov. 8, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., July 26, 63. Priv. Keefe, Patrick, 23 yrs., laborer, AVest Groshen; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of congestive fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 21, 63. Priv. Keelam, James, 25 yrs., boatman, Baltimore, Md.; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 18, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Kickham, Thomas, 21 yrs., factoryman, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. at Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 12, 64, at exp. of term. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY E. 513 Priv. Light, William ,]., 19 yrs., farmer, res. unknown; mus. Sept. 10, Mil, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 4, (54, at exp. of term. Priv. Logan, William, 32 yrs., laborer, Sadsbury; mus. Sept. lf>, 01, for 3 yrs.; rapt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya.. May 20, 64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 17, 04, grave 5,985. Priv Lynch, Edward, 18 yrs., laborer, Fisberville; mus. Sept. 11, 01, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, M54; par. Nov. 23, 04; died at Annapolis, Md., Nov. 29, 04. Priv. McCabe, John, 24 yrs., laborer, Wilmington, Del.; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; accidentally shot and killed by sergt. of guard, in camp at Seabrook Island, S. C. April 22, 03 Priv. McCabe, Patrick, 28 yrs., laborer, Altoona, Blair Co.; rnus. Sept. 9, 01, for 3 yrs.; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Sept. 29, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. McCartney, Michael, 31 yrs., laborer, Frederick Co., Md.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 4, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. McCormick, Michael, 23 yrs., saddler, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis, on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., .Ian. 11, 02., Priv. McCue, Bernard, 27 yrs., laborer, Mauch Chunk, Carbon Co.; mus. Sept. 20, 01, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; ab. sick at mus. out; at U. S. Hosp. since May 12, 04. [Since re-entered U. S. service as priv. in 2d U. S. Infty ; reported killed by Indians.] Priv. McDermott, James, 30 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Camp Wayne Sept. 20, 01. Priv. McDonald, Peter, 22 yrs., laborer, Gosben; mus. Oct. 12, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 25, 62. Priv. McGinley, Charles, 42 yrs., laborer, Lebanon Valley; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 10, 63. Priv. McIIale, Thomas P., 25 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 01, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 21, 62. Priv. McNulty. Francis, 25 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 18, 01, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Camp Wayne Sept. 20, 61. Priv. Miles, Isaac, 44 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15. "04. to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Morgan, David, 42 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs., died of consumption at Fernandina, Fla., Feb. 26, 64. Priv. Murphy, Patrick, 20 yrs., laborer, Valley Store; mus. Sept. 24, 01, for 3 yrs.; died of consumption at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 28, 63. Priv. Nugent, Dennis, 22 yrs., laborer, Thornbury, Delaware Co.; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp , New York, May 11, 63. Priv. O Brian, Patrick, 25 yrs., laborer, New York; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Camp Wayne Sept. 20, 61. Priv. O Conner, Michael, 25 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Oct. 7, 01, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 19, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. O Donnell, Hugh, Sr., 43 yrs , wheelwright, West Chester; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow or congestive fever on board hosp. boat Cos mopolitan, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 26, 62. Priv. O Neil, James, 39 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Camp Wayne, Sept. 20, 61. 33 514 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. O Neil, Peter, 33 yrs., laborer, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Port Royal, S. C., April 13, 62. Priv. Quigley, Charles, 29 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; mus. Oct. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Nov. 21, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Riley, Charles, 30 yrs, laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of acute diarr. at Hilton Head, S. C., Aug. 13, 62. Priv. Riley, James, 22 yrs., laborer, West Chester ; mus. Sept, 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64, ab. since at De-Camp Hosp., David s Island, N. Y.; dis. Jan. 5, 65, on acct. of wds. and exp. of term. Priv. Rodgers, John, 34 yrs., laborer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 18, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Sherman, Robert, 30 yrs., baker, East Bradford; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; deserted while on vet. furlough May 23, 64. Priv. Skiffington, Patrick, 29 yrs., laborer, East Goshen; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Camp Wavne Sept. 20, 61. Priv. Still, John W., age, oc. and res. unknown; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Sept. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Walsh, Michael, 29 yrs, blacksmith, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 4, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Walsh, Walter, 40 yrs., laborer, West Brandy wine; mus. Sept. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-raus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; missing in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; supposed to have died a pris r at Andersonville, Ga. Priv. Wauls, James, 19 yrs., painter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 18, 64, at exp. of term. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. James Barrett, sub., Nov. 27, 64, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr.; tr to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., at Raleigh, N. C., June 27, 65. Corp. James Goodwin, drafted, Sept. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; no date of pr.; dis. June 2, 65. Corp. Charles Dugan, sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 2, 65. Corp. James P. Mitchell, sub., Feb. 29, 64, for 2 yrs.; pr. to corp. date not given; tr. to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., June 27, 65. Corp. William Seifert, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; no date of pr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Michael Maloue, sub., March 1, 65, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 6th corp. Aug. 2, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Charles McDonald, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 7th corp. Aug. 3, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Thomas Hughes, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Aug. 4, (,5; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Adams, Charles, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted July 26, 65. Priv. Adams, Emil, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Adams, George, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 17, 65. Priv. Armstrong, Thomas, sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Baker, Charles, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 28, 63. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY E. 515 Priv. Beeehert, Cornelius, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Belluy, Joseph, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28. 65. Priv. Berlett, Augustus, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bordeaux, Joseph, cub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bosler, William, sub., Oct. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Boulin, James, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Boyer, Peter, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brace, John, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; tr. to 1st Regt. U. S. A , Aug. 5, 64. Priv. Brown, John, sub., March 2. 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Callender, Monroe, sub., Oct. 2, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Carey, George, drafted, Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 5, 65. Priv. Carr, James, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 2!), 65. Priv. Carroll, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs; \vd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; ab. at mus. out at U. S. Hosp., David s Island, N. Y., on acct. of wds.; since May 18, 64. Priv. Cosner, John; rec t; mus. Jan. 6, 65, tor 1 yr.; dis. Aug. 16, 65. Priv. Davis, WHliam, drafted, Sept. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 16, 63. Priv. Detrich, Martin, drafted, Dec. 22, 64, for I yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Donovan, James, sub., Nov. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28. 65. Priv. Dowd, James, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Eaton, Louis N., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for I yr ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ellsworth, Chester, drafted, Sept. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 2!), 65. Priv. Farrell, Patrick, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted July 6, 65. Priv. Feenery, Patrick, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for L yr.; dis. May 4, 65. Priv. Fleming, William IL, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ford, John; rec t; mus. Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; joined co. March 14, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ford, William, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 28, 63. Priv. Freeman, John, drafted, Sept. 24. 64, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Gochnour, Andrew, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gordon, Daniel W., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Graff, John, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Grant, Dennis; rec t; mus. Aug. 31, 64, for 1 yr.; \vd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. for wds. June 29. 65. Priv. Gray, Hiram, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mns. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Green, Oscar, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Harris, James, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Harris, John H., sub , Nov. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; deserted July 26, 65. Priv. Harrison, Jackson, sub., Feb. 28, 65. for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hayes, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at New Mar ket Heights, Va., Oct. 7, 64; ab. at. mus. out on acct. of wds. in U. S. Hosp. at Philadelphia. Priv Hayes, James S., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 2, 65. Priv. Henry, Patrick, sub., Feb. 28, 65. for 3 yrs.; dis. July 2, 65. Priv. Hess, Martin, drafted, Dec. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hilderbrant, Fiancis E., sub., Sept. 1. 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Hippie, Wesley, sub., Aug. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. 516 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Hollenback, James, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hoover, Andrew, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Irwin, William II., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Judge, Nicholas, drafted, Sept. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus out. Priv. Karighan, John, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Karons, John, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mu<5. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Kelly, John, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Ya,, Aug. 16, 64; par. March 3, 65; dis. June 6, 65. Priv. Killian, John, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 16, 63. Priv. Killmer, George, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lamott, George, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 23, 64. Priv. Lane, James, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 3 y;s.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Logan, Ambrose, sub., Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; died of chron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., Nevvbern, N. C., June 11, 65; bu. in Nat. Gem., Raleigh, N. C., sec. 20, grave 20. Priv. Low, George, sub., Oct. 15, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ludwig, Elbert, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; died of chron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., New York, June 18, 65; bu. in Cypress Hill Gem., Long Island. Priv. Lynch, John, sub., Feb. 22, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Magee, Michael, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 11, 65. Priv. McBride, Patrick, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McCall, Michael; rec t; mus. Aug. 31, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. McCracken, Levi, sub., March I, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McCush, Alexander, sub., Sept. 23, 63. for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Nov. 8, 64. Priv. McKay, Steward, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted July 14, 64. Priv. McKernon, Patrick, sub., Feb. 29, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted May 8, 65. Priv. McNinch, Henry, sub., Aug. 31, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher. N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. McNunn, Edward, drafted, Sept 25. 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 23, 64, Priv. McPherson, Henry, sub., Oct. 3, 64, for 1 yr ; deserted Aug. 1, 65. Priv. Moleten, Frederick, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Morton, Andrew, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya,, May 20, 64; ex. and rejoined co. Jan. 13, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Moyer, John C. sub. March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Phillips, George W., sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; died of diarr. at Raleigh, N. C., May 7, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., sec. 20, grave 32. Priv. Reese, Henry, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Rice, Henry, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Robinson, Henry, sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rodgers, Thomas J., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rose, Thomas B., sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rosney, John, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Rugle, Reuben, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rush, John M.; rec t; mus. Jan. 6, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. Aug. 2, 65. Priv. Sands, Thomas, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY E. 517 Priv. Saywer, Anthony, sub., March 2, 65, for I yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Seheetz, John, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 2, 65. Priv. Scbygle, John, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sharp, John, sub., March 3. (IS, for 1 yr.; deserted July 29, 65. Priv. Simes, Lewis, sub., Feb. 26, 65, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 15, 65. Priv. Smith, William J., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; \vd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. June 7, 65. Priv. Stewart, Barton, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yr?.; deserted Nov. 16, 63. Priv. Stoeker, Noel, drafted, Sept. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; captYl in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; par. April 5, 65; at Camp Parole, Md., at mus. out. Priv. Story, Samuel, drafted, Feb. 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, (55. Priv. Stout, Samuel A., sub., May 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, (55. Priv. Sutton, Reuben A., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Taylor, William M., drafted, Sept. 10, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 28, (53. Prir. Thomas, John, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; died of dysentery at Philadelphia, Nov. 22, 64. Priv. Thompson, John, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; mis. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; supposed to have died at Ander- sonville, Ga., Nov. 8, 64. Priv. Tierney, James, drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs ; deserted Nov. 16, 63. Priv. Trout, Joseph W.. sub., Oct. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65 Priv. Voglesory, John II., sub., Aug. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Wallace, William (1st), drafted, Nov. 26, 64, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 20. 64. Priv. Wallace, William (2d), sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus out Aug. 28, (55. Priv. Walsh, Peter, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 28, 63. Priv. Williams, John, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; \vd. in action at Peters burg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; tr. to 1st Vet. Res. Corps Aug. 5, 64. Priv. Williams, John D., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Wilson, George, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 16, 63. Priv. Worthingtoo, John, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. COMPANY F, NATIONAL GUARDS. Capt. De Witt C. Lewis, 39 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; first entered service as 1st lie ut. Co. E, 9th P. V., April 22, 61; dis July 29, 61; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out at Chapin s Farm, Va., Oct. 3, 64. at exp. of term. [Pr. to brev. maj. and brev. lieut. col. U. S. V., March 13, 65; elected sheriff of Chester Co. for 3 yrs., Oct. 8, 69.] Capt. John Wainwright, 22 yra., coach painter, West Chester; served as priv. in 2d P. V. for 3 mos.; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt. Oct. 3, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. Jan. 10, 62; wd. in night attack on James Island, S. C., June 12, 62; pr. to 1st lieut. March 9, 63; com. capt. Nov. 1, 64; not mus.; ap. brev. capt. by order of War Dept., March 13, 65, and to brev. maj. same date for gallantry in com d of regt. at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to lieut. col. March 15, 65, to rank from Jan. 15, 65. 518 HISTORT OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Capt. Lewis P. Malin, 26 yrs., carpenter, Sugartown; seived as priv. in 2d P. V. for 3 mos.; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.,- re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. May 1, 64; wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; pr. to sergt., date not known; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to capt. Feb. 28, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Lieut. Joseph T. Burnett, 26 yrs., cordwainer, West Chester; served as 2d lieut. in Co. F, 9th P. V., for 3 mos.; mus. 1st lieut. Sept, 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., March 9, 63, by order of Sec. of War. [Re-entered service for 3 yrs., March 8, 64, as priv. in 183d P. V.; dis. with regt. July 13, 65.] 1st Lieut. Isaac J. Nichols. 21 yrs., blacksmith, Kimberton ; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, fur 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. May 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to sergt. Oct. 10, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Feb. 28, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C , Aug. 28, 65. 2d Lieut. Oliver E. Strickland, 35 yrs., clerk, West Chester; first entered service as priv. in Co. A, 9th P. V., April 22, 61; dis. July 29, 61; mus. as 2d lieut. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; res. at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 9, 62. 2d Lieut. Thomas Cosgriff, 22 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; first entered ser vice as priv. in Co. G, 2d P. Y., April 20, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt. Oct. 3, 61 ; pr. to 1st sergt. Jan. 10, 62; pr. to 2d lieut. March 9, 63; wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; again wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; dis. on surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at Fortress Monroe, Va., March 28, 65. 2d Lieut. John E. Huntsman, 21 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; served as priv. in 9th P. V. for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th sergt, Oct. 3, 61 ; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to 2d sergt. Oct. 3, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. Jan. 2, 65; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. Thomas B. Guest, 20 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; served as priv. in 9th P. V. for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt, Oct. 3, 61; pr. to 2d sergt. Jan. 10, 62; pr. to 1st sergt. March 10, 63; vet.; re- mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed after action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; struck by a rebel shell in camp of regt. at Foster s Place, Ya. 1st Sergt. John Kennedy, 18 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; served as priv. in 9th P. Y., for 3 mos.; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt.; pr. to 2d sergt, June 10, 63; vet.; re-inus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. May 21, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 10, 64; dis. by S. O. 45, War Dept., A. G. 0., Jan. 28, 65, at Washington. 1st Sergt. Thomas E. Brown, 20 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs,, wd. in trenches on Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 21, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; again wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; pr. to corp. May 21, 64; pr. to sergt. Jan. 15, 65 ; pr. to 1st sergt. July 19, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY F. 519 Sergt. Lee A. Stroud, 24 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp Oct. 3, 01; pr. to 4th sergt. March 1, 02; pr. to 3d sergt. March 10, 03; pr. to 2d sergt. May 21, 04; raus. out Oct. 3, 04, at exp. of term. Sergt. Samuel \Vynn, 27 yrs., farmer, East Nantmeal ; mus. as priv. Sept 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Nov. 29, 01; pr. to 7th corp. Jan. 10, 02; pr. to Oth corp. March 14, 02; pr. to 4th sergt. June 10, 03; pr. to 3d sergt May 21, 04; mus. out Oct. 3, 04, at exp. of term. Sergt. Caleb Mercer, 24 yrs., carpenter, Coatesville; mus. Oct. 2, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Oct. 3, 01; pr. to 7th corp. Nov. 29, 01; pr. to Otli corp. March 1, 02; pr. to 5th corp. March 14, 03; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; \vd. in action at Green Plains, Burmuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; pr. to 4th sergt. May 21, 04; pr. to com. sergt. July 19, 05. Sergt. David Mock. 24 yrs., engineer, St. Mary s, Chester Co; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15. 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; \vd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 04; no date of pr. to corp.; pr. to sergt. April 22, 05; mus. out with co, Aug. 28, 05. Sergt. Herman P. Brower, 18 yrs., carpenter, East Vincent; rnus. as priv. Sept. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 12, 02; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; again wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; no date of pr. to corp.; pr to sergt. July 19, 05; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 05. Sergt. James P. Griffith, 18 yrs., farmer, Lionville; mus. as priv. Oct. 17 r 01, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; pr. to corp. April 4, 05; pr. to sergt. July 19, 05; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 05. Sergt. Jackson Meharrey, 18 yrs,., farmer, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Oct. 9, 01, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; pr. to corp. April 4, 05; no date of pr. to sergt.; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 05. Corp. Thomas H. Short, 22 yrs., carpenter, Pughtown; served as priv. in 9th P. V. for 3 raos.; mus. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp. Oct. 3, 01; reduced to ranks by sentence of gen. court-martial at Hilton Head, S. C., March 14, 03, G. O. 24. [See record as private.] Corp. James A. Fries, 25 yrs.. stone mason, Pughtown; mus. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp. Oct. 3, 01; pr. to 1st corp. March 14, 03; vet.; re- mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; mortally wd. in action at Fos ter s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 04; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Hampton, Va., May 21, 04. Corp. Edward Townsend, 18 yrs., cordwainer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4tb corp. Oct. 3, 01; pr. to 3d corp. March 1, 02; pr. to 2d corp. March 14, 03; pr. to 1st corp. May 22, 04; mus. out Oct. 3, 04, at exp. of term. Corp. James T. Terry, 31 yrs., carpenter, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp. Oct. 3, 01; pr. to 4th corp. March 1, 02; pr. to 3d corp. March 14, 03; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 04; pr. to 2d corp. May 22, 04; killed in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 10, 04. [Left on the field ; was first reported mis. in action, supposed to be capt d.J 520 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. John Weber, 35 yrs., laborer, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. Oct. 3, 61 ; pr. to 5th corp. March 1, 62 ; pr. to 4th corp. March 14, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to 3d corp. May 22, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 8, 64; pr. to principal musician May 26, 65. Corp. Joseph R, Richardson, 32 yrs., brick maker, Coatesville; mus. as priv. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Nov. 1, 62; pr. to 7th corp. March 1, 63; pr. to 6th corp. March 14, 63; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Corp. Jesse M. Boyles, 19 yrs., blacksmith, Edgemont; mus as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 7th corp. June 10, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 6th corp. April 10, 64; wd. in action at Fos ter s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va,, May 18, 64; again wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; dis. on surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at Newbern, N. C., July 10, 65. Corp. John C. Smith, 22 yrs.; farmer, Sugartown; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 1 61, fur 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. June 10, 63; pr. to 7th corp. April 10, 64; killed in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64. [First reported mis. in action.] Corp. John H. Brower, 24 yrs., carpenter, East Vincent; mus. as priv. Sept 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to corp.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 2.9, 64; no date of pr. to sergt.; pr. to qr.-mr. sergt. Jan. 1, 65. Corp. Josiah G. Garrett, 24 yrs., carpenter, Howellville; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in ac tion at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20. 64; again wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; pr. to corp. April 4, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Thomas Ray, 20 yrs., miner, St. Mary s; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. and capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va,, Aug. 16, 64; par. and ex; rejoined regt, April 18, 65 ; pr. to corp. July 20, 65 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Amos Divine, 18 yrs., farmer, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15. 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 8th corp. Aug. 1, 65; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. Musician Thomas St. John, 15 yrs., minor, Philadelphia; Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Musician Isaac F. Faro, 17 yrs., sailor, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Musician Jesse White, 19 yrs., blacksmith, Sugartown; mus. as priv. Sept, 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet,; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ap. musician Oct. 3, 64 ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Teamster James D. Roberts, 28 yrs., wagoner, Coatesville; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. teamster Oct. 3, 61; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Abel, Theodore, 20 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; dis. on surg. cert. July 28, 62. [Re-entered service July 19, 64, in Co. P, 129th P. V.; dis. with regt. Nov. 11, 64.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY F. 521 Priv. Booth, Nathaniel, 23 yrs., sailor, Booth s Corner; inus. Oct. 1, C>1, for 3 yrs.; nius. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Brown, .Joseph, 22 yrs., sailor, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 26, (51, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to dute Feb. 29, 64; deserted while on vet. furlough May 16, 64. Priv. Carey, Joshua, 43 yrs., hatter, Mnrshalton; served as priv. 5 yrs. in U. S. Marine service; mus. Sept. 2(1, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64. [He was also a veteran of the Florida and Mexican Wars, a model soldier in all respects.] Priv. Collins, Ebenezer ])., 19 yrs., cordwainer, Oxford; raus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; \vd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda lid., Va., May 18, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Vn.. May 20, 64. Priv. Cook, George W., 18 yrs., butcher, West llaverford, Pa.; rnus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in trenches near Fort Wagner, Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 3, 63. Priv. Devon, William, 25 yrs., blacksmith, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 1, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 64; deserted at Cold Harbor, Va., June 5, (!4. Priv. Diffendarfer, Lewis, 19 yrs., farmer, Pughtown, mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out at U. S. Hosp. on acct. of wds. Priv. Edminston, James, 30 yrs., tailor, Coatesville, mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Edwards, John W., 18 yrs.; farmer, Hayesville, mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrp.; wd. in action at Petersburg Heights, Va., June 15, 64; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Estworthy, Thomas T., 34 yrs., cordwainer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, by post surgeon at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. [Afterward entered emergency service in Pennsylvania.] Priv. Ferrell, Daniel W., 18 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; served as priv. in 2d P. V. for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Oct. 3, 61; refused to serve as corp. and tr. to ranks Nov. 29, 61; vet.; re- mus. March 15, 64. to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action near Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64. Priv. Garvis, John, 21 yrs., farmer, Compass vi lie; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, July 27, 63, G. 0. 235, A. G. 0. Priv. Gatchel, David K, 20 yrs., carpenter, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; raus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Graham, James D., 22 yrs., farmer, St. Peter s; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Guest, George W., 18 yrs., farmer, Upper Uwchland; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died in prison at Richmond. Va., Feb. 28, 65. 522 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Greenfield, Milton, 40 yrs., blacksmith, Kennett Square; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr., at U. S. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 11, 63. Priv. Haas, Frederick, 28 yrs., farmer, Guthrieville; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Hagley, John, 36 yrs., baker, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Haines, Franklin, 28 yrs., machinist, West Chester; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr., at West Chester, Sept. 14, 64. Priv. Hale, Hugh, 28 yrs., foundryman, West Chester; served as priv. in 9th P. V., for 3 mos.; mus. Oct 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action (ankle dis located), at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; dis. from Camp Discharge, Philadelphia, Oct. 15, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Hall, John, 42 yrs., farm laborer, West Chester; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 28, 63. Priv. Huntsman, Thomas C.; rec t; mus. Dec. 29, 63, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya , May 20, 64; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., New York, Aug. 9, 64; bu. in Cypress Hill Gem., L. I. Priv. Ingram, Alban D., 22 yrs. machinist, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Jackson, William C., 20 yrs , wheelwright, Sugartown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Ya,, May 18, 64; died of wds. Sept, 18, 64. Priv. Keeley, John W., 18 yrs., farmer, West Yincent; mus. Sept, 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Ya., Aug. 16, 64; par. March 3, 65; ex. April 18, 65; dis. at Philadelphia, per order 77, War Dept., A. G. O. Priv. Kerr, Jacob, 18 yrs., farmer, Rockville; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert. Oct. 12, 63, at U. S. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C.; died at same place of chron. diarr. Oct. 27, 63. Priv. Massey, Joseph, 18 yrs., farmer, Milltown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in trenches near Fort Anderson, N. C., Feb. 1, 65; dis. on surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, May 19, 65. Priv. Maxton, Hunter, 18 yrs., blacksmith, Uwchland; mus. Oct. 8, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of congestive fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 25, 62. Priv. Maxton, James H., 36 yrs., pudler, Pughtovvn; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. McAffee, Davis, 19 yrs., farmer, West Yincont; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; dis. on surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at IT. S. Hosp., Newbern, N. C., June 10, 65. Priv. McCluen, James, 18 yrs., farmer, Milltown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hammond Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., June 14, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY F. 523 Priv. McCartney, Abner, 21 yrs., news agent, West Chester; nous Sept. 20, 01, for 3 yrs.- died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. IS, 02. Priv. Meeteer, William T., 19 yrs., paper maker, Coatesville; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, (14, to date Feb. 29, 04; dis. at U. S. Hosp. by G. O., July 19, 05; ab. sick from May 10, 05. Priv. Milborne, Mark, 40 yrs., paper maker, West Chester; served as priv. in !)th 1 . V. for 3 mos.; mus. Get 8, 01, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 9, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. Minim, William, 25 yrs., farmer, Gap, Lancaster Co.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Mock, Jesse, 27 yrs , miner, Caernarvon, Berks Co.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at St. Helena, S C., Jan. 12, 63. Priv. Navin. John, 18 yrs., blacksmith, Sadsbury; mus. Oct. 8, 01, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16. 04. Priv. Oppermau, John, 27 yrs., cradle maker, Lionville; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec 8, 01. Priv Peoples, James, 35 yrs., farmer, Lionville; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04. Priv. Perry. David C., 32 yrs., foreman, Pughtown; mus. Oct. 1, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Pharoah, Evans, 18 yrs., mason, \test Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; tr. to Co. G, 18th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps. [Dis. Aug. 28, 65.] Priv. Pierce, Enos W., 20 yrs., carpenter, Booth s Corner; mus. Oct. 1, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04. Priv. Quigg, John, 18 yrs., farmer, Phoenixville; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 15, 04, to date Feb. 29, 04; killed in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 04. [Left on the field.] Priv. Reedy, Jacob, 18 yrs., farmer, East Nantmeal; mus. Oct. 1, 61, for 3 yrs.; cet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Reynolds, Eli, 22 yrs.; farmer, St. Mary s; mus. Sept. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Roatcb, Lewis A.. 20 yrs., engineer, Barren Hill; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 04, at exp. of term. Priv. Roberts, William M., 20 yrs., farmer, Pughtown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 18, 62. Priv. Rogan, Michael, 21 yrs., boatman, Coatesville; served as priv. in 15th Ohio for 3 mos.; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed while on picket near Petersburg, Va., June 28, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. D, div. 4, grave "37. Priv. Schuler, Alonzo. 21 yrs., auger maker, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 23, 01, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; eapt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; par. March 3, 05; ex. April 23, 65; dis. July 20, 65, by order War Dept. 77, A. G. 0, 524 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Scott, Samuel G., 18 yrs., farmer, Edgemont, Delaware Co.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64: wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out on acct. of wds.; in U. S. Hosp. since May 20, 64. Priv. Shannon, William C., 30 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 7, 63. Priv. Shewey, Edward, 20 yrs., wheelwright, Union Forge, Lebanon Co.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Short, John W., 19 yrs., farmer, Pughtovvn; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; deserted while on vet. furlough May 16, 64. Priv. Short, Thomas H.; reduced to ranks from corp. March 14, 63; vet.; re- mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; ab. sick at mus. out in hosp.; since June 23, 64; no dis. furnished. Priv. Smith, Elias H., 18 yrs., fanner, East Nantmeal ; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 died yrs.; of typhoid fever, at Edisto Island, S. C., May 30, 62. Priv. Springer, Wilson G., 20 yrs., farmer, East Bradford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on writ of habeas corpus, at West Chester, by Hon. T. Haines, pres. judge, Oct. 10, 61, on acct. of minority. Priv. Starr, James S., 38 yrs., machinist, West Chester; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; tr. to Yet. Res. Corps, at Philadelphia, Jan. 7, 65. Priv. Stephens, Henry, 18 yrs., plasterer, East Nantmeal; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of congestive fever at Hilton Head., S. C., Jan. 7, 62. Priv. Stevenson, Abraham, 18 yrs., farmer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Stiteler, William E., 25 yrs., farmer, Kimberton ; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus out Oct. 10, 64, at exp. v,f term. Priv. Thomas, Abraham, 22 yrs., farmer, Uwchland; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Priv. Walker, John H., 19 yrs., blacksmith, Hayesville; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Williams Robert M., 23 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; served as priv. in 2d P. Y. 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Peters burg Mine, Ya., July 30, 64. died of wds. at field bosp. Aug. 10, 64. Priv. Williamson, Franklin, 18 yrs., engineer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C,, May 25, 62. Priv. Wilson, John W., 42 yrs., farmer, Cain; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs., vet.; rc-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; $30 stopped from pay for ap prehension as deserter; returned to duty without trial or loss of pay; ab. sick in gen. hosp. since Jan. 30, 65;. no dis. furnished. Priv. Winterbottom, John P., 33 yrs., tailor, West Chester; mus. Sept, 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert., at Hilton Head., S. C., Aug. 18, 62. Priv. Wolf, George W., 29 yrs., blacksmith, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Woodward, Jesse, 44 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of bilious intermittent fever at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 26, 63. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY F. 525 Priv. Wright, George E., 18 yrs., carpenter, Christiana, Lancaster Co.; mus. Oct. 1(1, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. George W. Ordaway, drafted, Sept. 30, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 05. Corp. Henry C. Reagan; rec t; mus. May 10, 04. for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 19, 04; pr. to corp. April 22, 05; mus. out Aug. 28, t!5. Corp. Allen McGeclian, sub., Oct. !.">, 03, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to 4th corp. July 20, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Benjamin Stehman, sub., Oct. 10, 03, for 3 yrs.; pr. to Oth corp. July 20, 05? mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Corp. Thomas K. McClure, drafted, Oct. 20, 04, for 1 yr.; pr. to 7th corp. July 20, 05; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Corp. Elias Minich, sub., Oct. 21, 04, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Musician John Silverthorne, sub., Sept. 25, 03, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Applegate, Charles, sub., Nov. 21, 04, for 3 yrs.; deserted March 14, 05; arrested May 14, 65; sentenced by gen. court-martial to confinement at hard labor for 2 mos.; forfeit all pay due from March 14 to May 14, 65; G. 0. 13, 2d div., 10th corps, dated June 3, 05. Priv. Anderson, John, sub., Oct. 15, 03, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 5, 04. Priv. Atherton, William D., drafted, Sept. 30, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. June 27, 05. Priv. Baker, Michael N., sub., Feb. 28, 05, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Batman, Patrick, sub., March 1, 05, for 1 yr.; uius. cut Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Barnes, Robert P.; rec t; mus. May 10, 04, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 19, 64 ; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; mus out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Beck, John, sub., Feb. 24, 05, for I yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Benjamin, Francis 0. R., sub., Oct. 14, 03, for 3 yr.s.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; died of chron. diarr. at Hampton, Va., Aug. 23, 04. Priv. Bills, Philo, drafted, Oct. 3, 04, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Bourke, John, sub., March 2, 05, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bradford, William H., sub., Oct. 27, 04, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brown, Thomas, sub., March 1, 05, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Bruce, James, sub., Nov. 3, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Bryer, James, sub., Aug. 25, 04, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Burhn, Henry, sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 3 yrs ; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Cassidy, Peter, sub., Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Christian, James, drafted, Nov. 11, 04, for 1 yr.; dis. Aug. 10, 05. Priv. Crandall, George R., sub., March 3, 05, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Daur, Jacob, sub., Oct. 1. <*3, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 04. Priv. Eckert, Henry, sub., Oct. 19, 3. for 3 yrs.; dis. June 10, 05. Priv. Englehart, Charles, sub., Oct. 1, 04, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Evarts, John, drafted, Nov. 11, 04, for 1 yr; mus. out Aug. 28, ; G5. Priv. Fisher, Wellington S.; rec t; mus. May 11, 04, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 19, 04; killed in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, 64. Priv. Fisk, Edgar, sub., Feb. 26, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 5, 65. Priv. Foster, Jeremiah, sub., Nov. 23. 04, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. 526 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Forman, Cyrus, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, G4; dis. May 15, 65. Priv. French, Clinton, sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Frey, Joseph, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gay, George D, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 10, 65. Priv. Gilchain, Philip, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gillen, Nicholas, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gorman, Malachi, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; again wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. in hosp. at mus. out. Priv. Grimes, Patrick, sub., Oct. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hall, Seth N., drafted, Oct. 3, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Harper, William, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. and capt d in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. while a pris r at Petersburg, Va,, June 15, 64. Priv. Hart, John, sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hayes, Patrick, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 10, 65. Priv. Ilileman, John H., drafted, Sept, 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28. 65. Priv. Hixenbaugh, John, sub., Nov. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hollinworth. Thomas, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Huber, John, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Jefts, George H., sub., Nov. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Jones, George, sub., Nov. 17, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Leideritz, Edmund, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 18, 65. Priv. Lewis, William W., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Martin, Hugh, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65 ; dis. May 30, 65. Priv. Martin, Patrick, drafted, July 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. May 17, 65. Priv. Maybury, Isaac, sub., Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs ; dis. on surg. cert, Oct. 15, 64. Priv. McWilliams, Moore, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Miller, Adolph, sub., Feb. 26, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Mulhall, James, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Murphy, John, sub., Oct. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Nelson, John A., drafted, Sept. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. O Brine, John, sub., July 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; mis. in action at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 14, 64; erroneously marked a deserter and dropped from roll; was found a pris r at Wilmington, N. C., Feb. 22, 65; sent to Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md., where be remained until mus. out. Priv. Pete, Solon, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fcver at Point of Rocks, Va., Jan. 8, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. A, div. 3, grave 86. Priv. Pitt, John, sub , March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Pursner, David G , drafted, Feb. 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Reedy, Michael, drafted, July 9, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 7, 65. Priv. Regan, John, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Richards, James O., sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rogers, Henry, sub., Oct. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY F. 527 Priv. Rogbt. Abraham, sub., Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; died at Sherman Hosp., Wil mington, N. C., April 15, 65. Priv. Sandford, Peter, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sassaman. Thomas; rec t; mus. May 10, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 19, 64; \vd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Schmidt, Jacob, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr: mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Schrader, Charles, drafted, June 2, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Schutz, Elias L., sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Scott, James, sub., Nov. 23, 64, for 3 yrs; dis. July 11, 65. Priv. Scott. William L.; rec t; mus. April 15, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 2, 64; wd. near Petersburg, Va., July 11, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Shafner, George, sub, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. Aug. 12, 64. Priv. Skinner, Moses T., drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Slick, Adolpb, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug 28, 65. Priv. Smith, William J., sub., July 28, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 7, 65. Priv. Soper, Francis W., drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Stillwell, Samuel, drafted, July 13, 63, for 3 yrs.; refused to perform mili tary duty; sentenced by court-martial in Feb., 64, to confinement at Fort Clinch, Fla., for 6 moe.; died of consumption at that place May 9, (54. Priv. Tierney, Stephen. Sept, 24, 63, for 3 yr?.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at raus. out; since May 20, 64. Priv. Wallace, Jacob, sub., Nov. 2, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Wamsher, Daniel, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; died of chron. diarr. at post hosp., Raleigh, N. C., Aug. 3, 65; bu. in Nat. Cera. sec. 20, grave 37. Priv. Wannerwich, Philip, sub., Nov. 21, 64, for 3 yrs.; deserted Dec. 18, 64. Priv. Webster, Josiah, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. March 13, 65. Priv. White, Albert H., sub. Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. White, Milton II.; rec t; mus. April 18, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 2, 64; killed in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64. Priv. Wilson, Edward C., sub., Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 17, 64. Priv. Wingate, Henry; rec t; mus. Oct 27, 64, for 1 yr ; killed in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65. Priv. Wolf, William, sub.. March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Woodsides, John; rec t; mus. Aug. 15, 64, for I yr ; dis. June 28, 65. COMPANY 0, BROOMALL GUARDS. Capt. Jesse L. Cummins, 22 yrs., law student, Media; served as priv. in 9th P. V. in 3 mos. service; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; res. and bon. dis. at Edisto Island, S. C , May 1. 62. [Re-entered service during emer gency June 20, 63, as priv. in Co. I, 29th Pa. Militia; mus. out with regt. Aug. 1, 63; was subsequently drafted, but exempted ; died at home of consumpton Dec. 31, 66.] Capt. Lewis Y. Evans; pr. from 1st lieut. Co. A., 97th P. V., to date May 1, 62; placed in com. of co June 22, 62; res. Oct. 23, 62. [Re-entered service during emergency June 20, 63, as 1st lieut. Co. D, 27th Pa. Mi litia; rautf. out with regt. Aug. 1, 63; again re-entered service as capt. Co. M, 181st P. V. (20th Pa. Cav.), Feb. 16, 64; mus. out June 26, 65.] 528 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Capt. Caleb Hoopes, 45 yrs., butcher, Upper Providence; first entered service as corp. Co. F, 4th P. V., for 3 mos. April 20, 61, and pr. to 2d lieut.; mus. as 1st lieut. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to capt. Oct. 23, 62; mus. out Oct. IT, 64, at Chapin s Farm, Va., at exp. of term. [Elected sheriff of Delaware Co., Pa., for 3 yrs. Oct. 9, 66.] Capt. Washington W. James, 21 yrs., carpenter, Edgemont; mus. as priv. Nov. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; no date of pr. to corp.; pr. to com. sergt. April 1, 65; pr. to capt. May 1, 65; mus. July 10, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Lieut. Gasway 0. Yarnall, 20 yrs., carpenter, Media; mus. Sept, 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 5th sergt. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 4th sergt. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 1st lieut, Oct. 23, 62; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at Chapin s Farm, Va., at exp. of term. [Since dis. was ap. a deputy provost marshal 7th Pa. Dis. (Chester and Delaware Counties); no date given.]. 1st Lieut. Cheyney T. Haines, 19 yrs., miller, Chandlerville ; mus, as priv. Oct. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Dec. 10, 63; vet.; re.mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; again wd. in action at Cemetery. Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 1 64; pr. to sergt, maj. Sept. 18, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Dec. 1, 64: mortally wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; died of wds. in U. S. IIosp., New York, Jan. 27, 65. [Pr. to brev. capt. by order of War Dept, to rank from March 13, 65.] 1st Lieut, Isaiah Bird, 21 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. as priv. Sept. 9*, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. July 1, 63; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. Sept. 20, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. Oct. 26, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. May 1, 65; mus. May 26, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28. 65. 2d Lieut, Joseph M. Borrell, 32 yrs., carpenter, Media; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; res. and hon. dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 13, 62. [Lie-entered service Sept., 64, for 3 yrs., in 203d P. V.j 2d Lieut. William H. Eves, 35 yrs., merchant, Nether Providence; first entered service as sergt, Co. I, 9th P. V., for 3 mos. April 22, 61; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt, Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 1st sergt. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 2d lieut. Nov. 13, 62; not mus. until July 1, 63; wd. in trenches, near Petersburg, Va., July 10, 64; mus. out at Chapin s Farm, Va,, Oct. 22, 64, at exp. of term. [Elected treasurer of Delaware County, Pa., for 2 yrs. Oct. 12, 65.] 2d Lieut. Jeremiah Yoast, 21 yrs., butcher, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. and to 1st sergt,, dates not known; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 65; mus. May 26, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. Reuben H. Smith, 43 yrs., physician, Media; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to hosp. steward, Sept. 4, 62. *Where the star [*] appears in Companies G, H and I, it indicates probable date of first muster, the actual date being dropped from rolls at the re-muster of veterans. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY G. 529 1st Sergt. William M. Colloum, 32 yrs., blacksmith, Media; mus. Sept. Ifi, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4tb sergt. Oct. 15, 01; pr. to 3d sergt. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Sept 4, 62; pr. to 1st sergt. Nov. 13, 62; mus. out Oct. 17, 64, at exp. of term. 1st Sergt. Franklin P. Clopp, 18 yrs., laborer, West Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; \vd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to 1st sergt. July 19, 65; ab. on furlough at mus. oat. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. John C. Morton, 25 yrs., seaman, Chester; mus. Oct. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt. Oct. 15, 61; tr. to Co. I, 97th P. V., as sergt. Jan. 1, 62. [See Co. I.] Sergt. Thomas J. McMullin, 23 yrs., printer, Media; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th sergt. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Nov. 13, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64 ; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Hampton, Va., May 26, 65. [Died of consumption at his home, Dec. 5, 65.] Sergt. Thomas J. Wade, 24 yrs., laborer, Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 9, 61; for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 2d corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 1st eorp. May 26, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Nov. 13, 62; mus. out Oct. 1, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. Simon Litzenburg, 20 yrs., carpenter, Media; mus. Sept. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 5th corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 3d corp. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 4th sergt. Nov. 13, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Oct. 15, 63; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; mor tally wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; died of wds. at field bosp. 18th corps, Aug. 1, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. D, div. 4, grave 174. Sergt. Reese L. Weaver, 19 yrs., miller, Chester; mus. Oct. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap 8th corp. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 6th corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 4th corp. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. Nov. 13, 62; died at U. S. Hosp., New York, Oct. 12, 63; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I., grave 897. Sergt. Albin Edwards, 30 yrs., cordwainer, Middletown; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 7th corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 5tb corp. Sept. 4, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. Oct. 15, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Sergt. Eli B. Grubb, 24 yrs., cabinet maker, Media; mus. as priv. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 6th corp. Sept. 5, 62; pr. to 4th corp. Nov. 13, 62; pr. to sergt. June 1, 64; mus. out Oct. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. David R. Cochran, 18 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 7th corp. Oct. 10, 64; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to sergt, June 6, 65; pr. to qr.-mr. sergt. July 19, 65. Sergt. John L. Ray, 18 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64; pr. to corp. date un known; pr. to sergt. July 19, 65; mus. out with co., Aug. 28, 65. 34 530 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Sergt. Charles E. Ottey, 18 yrs., painter, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to sergt. July 19, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Charles Gray, 41 yrs., blacksmith, Chester; mus. Sept. 9,* 61. for 3 yrs.; vet.,- re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. July 19, 65 ; ab. on furlough at mus. out. Sergt. Thomas S. Dicker, 21 yrs., farmer, Marple; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to sergt. July 19, 65; mus. out with eo. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. William N. Baker, 40 yrs., farmer, Middletown; mus. Sept. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 1st corp. Jan. 1, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C., May 25, 62. Corp. William H. Cox, 27 yrs., farmer, Wilmington, Del.; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th corp. Oct. 15, 61; pr. to 2d corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 1st corp. Sept. 4, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 27, 63. Corp. Henry G. Yocum, 19 yrs., blacksmith, West Chester; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp. Oct. 15, 61; died of measles at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. Corp. Israel Oat, 42 yrs., coppersmith, Media; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 6th corp. Oct. 15, 61 ; pr. to 4tb corp. Jan. 1, 62; died at Hilton Head. S. C., Aug. 10, 62. Corp. John Doyle, 19 yrs., farmer, Marple; mus. as priv. Sept. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Sept. 5, 62; died at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 26, 63. Corp. Hillary Fox, 24 yrs., farmer, West Chester; mus. as. priv. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Dec. 5, 62; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Oct. 17, 64, at exp. of term. - Corp. Henry Hoofstitler, 24 yrs.; farmer, Springfield; mus. as priv. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., March 3, 63; died on board steamer Arago in New York Harbor, March 13, 63. [Bu. rec. says died March 17, 63.] Corp. Patrick Hughes, 34 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. as. priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Corp. Thomas Dunn, 21 yrs., blacksmith, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; dis. at Richmond, Va., by G. 0. 291, War Dept., Oct. 7, to date Sept. 11, 65. Corp. John S. Culbert, 22 yrs., blacksmith, Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out Oct. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Eli Dunlap, 25 yrs., laborer, Chandlerville; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. July 19, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Henry Hards, 23 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY G. 531 Corp. Joseph R. Parsons, 18 yrs., printer, Media; mus. as priv. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 1(5, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out with co. A up. 28, 65. Corp. E/ekiel T. Richie, 26 yrs., seaman, Marple; mus. as priv. Sept, 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; pr. to corp. date un known; ab. sick at mus. out; in U. S. Hosp. since May 15, 65. Corp. John Edwards, 18 yrs., oc. unknown, Media; rec t; mus. as priv. Jan. 22 63; joined co. Feb. 22, 63; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; pr. to corp. July 19, 65; died at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 21, 65. Corp. Patrick II. Harrigan, 24 yrs., oc. and res. unknown; rec t; mus. as priv. Jan. 9, 63, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Feb. 26, 63; pr. to corp. July 19, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Musician Jonathan S. Farra, 42 yrs., laborer, Springfield; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. musician Oct. 15, 61; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Died at home April 17, 66.] Musician George W. Ross, 14 yrs., minor, Coatesville; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. mus. Oct. 15, 61; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; dis. by G. 0. at U. S. Hosp., Portsmouth Grove, R, I., Aug. 17, 05. Teamster Enoch Dunlap, 44 yrs., pump maker, Coatesville; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., on surg. cert, (injury received on James Island, S. C.) July 14, 62. Priv. Baker, Nehemiah, 29 yrs., farmer, Edgemont; mus. Sept. 29, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Fernandina, Fla., Jan. 8, 64. Priv. Barr, George P., 20 yrs , farmer, Marple; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis.; no record. Priv. Chambers, Samuel B. F., 22 yrs., plasterer, Media; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Coyle, William S., 36 yrs., blacksmith, Media; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Devine, William, 18 yrs., farmer, Cedar Hollow; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on writ of habeas corpus by Judge W. Wollerton, at West Chester, Oct. 18, 61, on acct. of minority. Priv. Dickson, John, 38 yrs., spinner, Media; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs; died of chron. diarr. at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 21, 62. Priv. Fawkes, Edward, 41 yrs., farmer, Newtown; mus. Sept. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Frame, Eber B., 41 yrs., farmer, Unionville; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Gardhouse, Joseph, 29 yrs., farmer, Media; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.- mus. out Oct. 1, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Green, Charles, 28 yrs., plasterer, Media; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of congestive fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 7, 63. Priv. Green, George, 21 yrs., farmer, Marple; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 20, 62; bu. rec. Sept. 22, 62 Priv. Grindrod, James, 36 yrs., clerk, Avondale; mus. Oct. 10, 63; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Beverly, N. J., Nov. 3, 64, at exp. of term. 532 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Hatcher, Charles, 38 yrs., bricklayer, Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 26, >61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 20, 62. Priv. Henderson, John H., 18 yrs., carter, Media; mus. Nov. 5, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted from Camp Wayne, West Chester, Nov. 5, 61. Priv. Henry, William, 21 yrs., farmer, Newtown; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65 Priv. Herkins, John G., 25 yrs., laborer, Chester Co.; rec t; mus. Oct. 22, 62, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Dec. 25, 62; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Herkins, W. L. Henderson, 22 yrs., laborer, Marple; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of chron. diarr. at Wilmington, N. C., March 9, 65. Priv. Hinkson, Thomas L., 23 yrs., laborer, Middletown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp. Dec. 10, 63. Priv. Hoopes, Isaac A., 19 yrs., farmer, Marple; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64. Priv. Hutchinson, Ephraim, 24 yrs., engineer, Leiperville; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Hd., S. C., March 31, 63. Priv. Johnson, Joseph S., 19 yrs., farmer, Haverford; mus. Oct. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 18, 62. Priv. Johnson, Stephen, 26 yrs., cordwainer, Edgemont; mus. Sept 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. Priv. Jones, Charles C., 19 yrs., laborer, Chandlerville; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yr?.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; ab. at mus. out. Priv. Jones, Thomas T., 29 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., June 10, 64. Priv. Laugblin, John, 30 yrs., laborer, Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64 , mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Leonard, Thomas, 31 yrs., laborer, Nether Providence; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Levis, Thomas J., 35 yrs., laborer, Middletown; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Baltimore, Nov. 23, 61. [Dis. Nov. 1, 61, mus.-out roll.] Priv. Lloyd, Samuel H., 39 yrs., tailor, Media; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Malaney, William, 19 yrs., farmer, Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr., at Fernaudiua, Fla., Dec. 18, 63. Priv. Mclntosh, Thomas, 44 yrs., weaver, Middletown; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Secessionville, James Island, S. C., June 16, 62; again wd. in trenches on Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 15, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; again wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out in U. S. Hosp. at Phila delphia. [Died at home May 30, 69.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY G. 533 Priv. McKenna, Hugh, 44 yrs., laborer, West Chester; nuis. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. Priv. Miller, Alexander, 32 yrs., laborer, Leiperville; Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 25, 63. Priv. O Brien, Terrence, 19 yrs., laborer, Marple; inns. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-raus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mortally wd. in action at Straw berry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 17, 64. Priv. Otty, Thomas J., 19 yrs., sawyer, Howellville; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Dec. 22, 62. Priv. Popjoy, William, IS yrs., laborer, Chester, mus., Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps. Jan. 1, 65. Priv. Pugh, Isaac II., 21 yrs., carpenter, Middletown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Beaufort, S. C., Oct. 25, 63. [Bu. rec Nov. 2, 63.] Priv. Rapp, Amos R., 43 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C.. Sept. 30, 62. Priv. Ray, Joseph, 42 yrs., laborer, Media; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches, Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 1, 63; mus. out Oct. 1, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Rourke, Michael, 18 yrs., laborer, Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 25, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Vet. Res. Corp, Aug. 1, 63 and dis. [Re-entered service March, 65, for 1 yr., in Co. G, 3d Regt. Vet, Rev. Corps.] Priv. Russell, James, 19 yrs., laborer, Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., New York, Jan. 8, 64. [Bu rec. Jan. 30, 64; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I.] Priv. Seaborn, Alexander, 30 yrs., laborer, Chester; mus. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; again wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; died of wds. at Alexandria, Va., Oct. 10, 64. Priv. Snyder, William S., 20 yrs., laborer, Leiperville; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out in U. S. Hosp. at Smithfield, N. C. Priv. Talbot, Acquilla McDonald, 31 yrs., cooper, Hopewell Twp., York Co.; mus. Oct. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Peters burg, Va., June 30, 64; mus. out Oct. 22, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Thomas, Frederick, 43 yrs., laborer, Warren Tavern, Chester Co.; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 1, 64, at exp. of term. [Died at home, Dec. 6, 64.] Priv. Thomas, William F., 31 yrs., carpenter, Media; mus. Sept. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 1, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Waddell, Thomas P., 23 yrs., butcher, Middletown; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda lid., Va., May 20, 64 ; again wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., June 25, 64; mus. out Oct. 14 , 64, at exp. of term. 534 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Wade, Edward B., 18 yrs., blacksmith, Media; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Ya., Aug. 16, 64; died in rebel prison at Salisbury N. C., Dec. 18, 64. [Another report gives date and place of death An- dersonville, Dec. 15, 65.] Priv. Walls, Henry, 36 yrs., cordwainer, Media; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Walton, Samuel R., 30 yrs., laborer, Newtown ; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Waters, Patrick, 19 yrs., laborer, Chester; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mud. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; dis. on surg. cert, for wds. at U. S. Hosp., Chester, May 16, 65. Priv. Weaver, James G., 30 yrs., cordwainer, Media; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 15, 62. [Died at home Feb., 67. J Priv. White, George, 43 yrs., mason. Upper Providence; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 1, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Wilson, Crosley B., 18 yrs., farmer, Upper Providence; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Worrell, Edward, 32 yrs., mason, Marple; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Worrell, James H., 23 yrs., farmer, Upper Providence; mus. Oct. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to another regt. at Camp Wayne, West Chester, Nov. 1, 61, on a previous enlistment by order of Gov. A. G. Curtin. Priv. Worrell, John, 21 yrs., blacksmith, Marple; mus. Sept. 9, 61, for 3 yrs., died of phthesis pulmonaris at Hilton Head, S. C., May 12, 62. Priv. Worrell, Philip, 19 yrs., farmer, Newtown; mus. Sept. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Wright, James, 27 yrs., laborer, Marple; mus. Sept. 26, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. cliarr. at Fernandina, Fla., Nov 20, 63. Priv. Wright, William, 43 yrs., cordwainer, Media; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Oct. 7, 61 ; re-enlisted in regt. Dec. 20, 62 ; died of chron. diarr. at Fernandina, Fla., Nov. 28, 63- Priv. Young, Charles, 40 yrs., cordwainer, Media; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 14, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Young, Frederick, 24 yrs., painter, Chester; mus. Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to another regt. at Camp Wayne, West Chester, Nov. 1, 61, on a pre vious enlistment by order of Gov. A. G. Curtin. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. Mathias Kramer (or Cramer), drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. July 19, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Francis Ebel, drafted, Nov. 2, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John Wilson, sub., March 4, 65, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp.; dis. June 24, 65. [Re-enlisted in Co. E, 3d U. S. Arty.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY G. Priv. Anderson, William, drafted, Aug. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 1, 64; apprehended Sept. 20, 64; ah. since arrest at Washington, D. 0. Priv. Asberry, Klisha; rec t; mus. July 15, 63, for 3 yrs.; a deserter from rebel army; tr to Dept. Southwest July 13, 64. Priv. Barber, Joseph, drafted, Oct. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Barker, John, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Oct. 23, 64. Priv. Barney, Michael ; rec t; mus. Nov. 2, 64, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Rentz, Lewis, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; died at U. S. Hosp., City Point, Vs., Aug. 19, 64. Priv. Bish, Anthony, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Blandin, George; rec t; mus. Nov. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; deserted Feb. 9, 65. Priv. Brady, John B., drafted, Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Ya., June 30, 64; ab. at mus. out; since June 30, 64. Priv. Brensinger, Joseph; rec t; mus. April 13, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 2, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; dis. July 5, 65. Priv. Brooks, Jacob K., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brooks, William A., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Burgess, Jease, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 12, 65. Priv. Carr, Thomas; rec t; mus. March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted June 13, 65. Priv. Carter, Henry C.; rec t; mus. Aug. 24, 64, for 1 yr; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Caul, Philip, drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Oct. 2, 64. Priv. Chamberlain, Oscar, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Chavanne, John P.; rec t; mus Feb. 28, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 13, 65. Priv. Collum, Charles; rec t; mus. Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 18, 65! Priv. Conrad, John P., sub., March 6, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dawson, William; rect.; mus. Aug. 11, 64; mortally wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; died of wds. at Federal Point, N. C., Jan. 17. 65. Priv. Defaux, William, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Ceme tery Hill, near Petersburg, Ya., June 30, 64. Priv. Demmick, Calvin S., sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; died at post hosp., Ra- liegh, N. C., May 22, 65. Priv. Dodge, Harry A., sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv Douglass, Andrew J., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Duganne, Michael, sub, March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dunham, Charles, sub., March 6, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Edwins, Ebenezer B., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Farra, William B.; rec t; mus. April 13, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 2, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fields, Samuel; rec t; mus. April 13, 64, for 3 yrs.; joined co. May 2, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Fisher, Henry; rec t; mus. March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 17, 65. Priv. Fit/simmons, Peter; rec t; mus. Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 16, 65. Priv. Fletcher, Stephen J., drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs ; dis. May 26, 65. Priv. Foster, Harry E., drafted, Sept. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. May 17, 65. 536 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Frost, John; rec t; mus. Nov. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Furguson, John C., sub., Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Hall, William, J. F., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hanin, John; rec t; mus. Nov. 25, 64, for 1 jr.-, deserted March 9, 65. Priv. Hegadore, Malvin K., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Heitze, Frederick, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., March 20, 64; bu. in Nat. Ceni., City Point, Ya., sec. F, div. 1, grave 128. Priv. Hoffman, George W., sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hollering, Thomas D., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Howe, Robert, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hunter, Walter S., sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; rnus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ingalls, Electrus, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Inhoff, William, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 10, 65. Priv. Jeonott, James, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv Kelly, Urias, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Knox, Robert, sub., Feb. 26, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Koch, John H., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Kuhn, Charles, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Peters burg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 7, 65; dis. Sept. 19, 65. Priv. Lane, Janies C., sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lightner, John, sub., March 6, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Littell, Arthur, drafted, Aug. 15, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Logsden, Samuel, drafted, March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Marks, Alfred, sub., Feb 23, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McCarty, Daniel, sub., March 4, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McGarvey, Ftancis, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McKinney, Bernard; rec t; mus. Jan. 13, 65, for 1 yr. [Notonmus.-out roll.] Priv. McKnight, Alfred; rec t; mus. March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted May 27, 65. Priv. Meiser, Herman, drafted, July 29, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. date unknown Priv. Meredith, John, sub, March 1, 65, for 1 yr ; dis. July 6, 65. Priv. Miller, George, drafted, Aug. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 4, 64. Priv. Miller, John; rec t; mus. Aug. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Mitchell, William J., sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Morris, Thomas, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Murray, William D.; rec t; mus. March 6, 65, for 3 yrs; died at pest hosp\, Ralegh, N. C., May 18., 65. Priv. Nesch, John, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. O Neil, John; rec t; mus. Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; deserted Feb. 9, 65. Priv. Orth, Alexandria, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Read, Samuel O., sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Reeves, Merritt C., drafted, Oct. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va , May 20, 64 ; dis. on acct. of wds. April 25, 65. Priv. Reitzel, Reuben, sub , March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY G. 537 Priv. Rogers, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted March 23, 05; apprehended May 19, 65; awaiting trial by gen. court-nuirtial at Raleigh, N. C., at inus. out of regt. Priv. Rothwein, Philip, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert. Feb. 14, 65. Priv. Salaino, Theodore, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., Aug. :>9, 64; died of cbron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., David s Island, N. Y., May 26, 65; bu. iu Cypress Hill Cein., L. I, grave 2,887. Priv. Samuel, David, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 23, 65. Priv. Scott, Robert; rec t; nnis. Aug. 30, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Seward, Smith, sub., Aug. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Smith, John 0., sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug, 28, 65. Priv. Smith, Robert, drafted, Nov. 3, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 23, 65. Priv. Smith, William, drafted, Oct. 15, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Stein, Edward, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Uxley, Cornelius, sub., March 6, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Vargusen, George, sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert. July 28, 65. Priv. Ward, John, sub , March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Walker, Okees, drafted, Sept. 23, 63 for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Warner, Philip H., sub., March 14, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Warnock, James, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 17, 65. Priv. Williamson, William L., sub., Aug. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Willoughby, William, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65 COMPANY H, OREBLE GUARDS. Capt. Charles Mcllvane, 22 yrs., civil engineer, Brandy wine Mnnor; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; res. and hon. dis. for disability June 10, 63. Capt. George A. Lemaistre, 20 yrs., merchant, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. sergt. Oct. 17, 61 ; pr. to sergt. maj. Oct. 31, 61 ; pr. to 2d lieut. April 29, 62; mus. July 10, 62; com. capt. June 11, 63, not mus.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. on, surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Annapolis, Md., Sept. 20, 64. Capt. Theodore M. Smedley, 21 yrs., miller, West Bradford; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. and to sergt. dates unknown; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; was acting 1st sergt. from May 20, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Aug. 8, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15*, 65; pr. to brev. capt, by order of War Dept., March 13, 65; pr. to capt. April 5, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldou, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Lieut. David Jones, 35 yrs., marble manufacturer, West Chester; first entered service as 1st lieut. Co. F, 9tb P. V., April 22, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Oct. 17. 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to qr.-nir., Oct. 31, 61. 1st Lieut. Thomas S. Taylor, 43 yrs., clerk, West Chester; mus. as 2d lieut. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 1st lieut. Nov. 5, 61; res. und hon. dis. for disa bility, at Hilton Head, S. C., April 29, 62. 538 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 1st Lieut, Elwood P. Baldwin, 22 yrs.; bricklayer, West Chester; first entered service as sergt. in Co. F, 9th P. V., April 22, 61, for 3 mos ; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st -sergt. Oct. It, 61; pr. to 3d lieut. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 1st lieut. April 29, 62; res. and hon. dis. for disability at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 5, 62.; re-enlisted as priv. March 23, 64; joined co. June 18, 64; pr. to sergt. March 6, 65; pr. to 1st sergt. April 1, 65; pr. to 1st lieut. and adjt. May 26, 65. 1st Lieut. George H. Durnall, 19 yrs., carpenter, Dovvningtown ; mus. Sept. 23*, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th corp. Oct. It, 61 ; pr. to 4th corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to sergt. May 28, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. May 1, 64, not mus.; killed in action at Green Plains, Ber muda Hd., Va,, May 20, 64; body left on field. 1st Lieut Phares P. Brown, 18 yrs., farmer, Guthrieville; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Nov. 1, 61; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64 : to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt, about May 23, 64; was 1st sergt. from Aug. 8, until Sept. 21, 64, when pr. to 2d lieut; pr. to 1st lieut. Dec. 5, 64; mus. April 5, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, . 65. 2d Lieut. Lewis H. Watkiu, 18 yrs., clerk, Chadsford, Delaware Co.; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to sergt. Aug. 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; com. 2d lieut. May 10, 64, not mus.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va,, May 20, 64; body remained upon field, occupied by the enemy- 2d Lieut. Isaac L. Dutton, 18 yrs., farmer, Lower Oxford; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp and to sergt. dates unknown ; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 11, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 65; mus. May 25, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. Jefferson T. Massey, 28 yrs., miller, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt. Oct. It, 61 ; pr. to 1st sergt. Nov. 5, 61 ; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 8, 62. 1st Sergt Joseph H. Walton, 19 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt. Oct. It, 61; pr. to 3d sergt. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 2d sergt. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 1st sergt. Aug. 8, 62; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp. Sept. 23, 64. 1st Sergt. Benjamin F. Smith, 19 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64 ; pr. to corp. and to sergt. dates unknown; pr. to 1st sergt. July 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. William Garver, 26 yrs., cabinet maker, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th sergt Oct. It, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 3d sergt. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 2d sergt. Oct. 8, 62.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Sergt. Thomas John, 44 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp. Oct. It, 61 ; pr. to 5th sergt. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. Nov. 5, 61; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C., May 10, 62. [Re-entered service June 26, 63, for emergency, as priv. in Co. K, 29th Pa. Militia; dis. with regt, Aug. 1, 63.] ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY H. 539 Sergt. John A. Russell, 25 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp Oct. 17, 61 ; pr. to sergt. Nov. 1, 61; vet; re- mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; killed in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 04. Sergt. Robert Skeen, Jr., 19 yrs., shoemaker, Downingtown; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4tb corp. Oct. 17, 61 ; pr. to 3d corp. Nov. 1, (!! ; pr. to 2d corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to sergt. Oct. 8, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., July 26, 63. [Re-enlisted in 3 yrs. service Jan. 13, (54, as corp. Co. M, 20th Pa. Cav. ; pr. to sergt.; dis. with regt. May 25, 65; died at home of consumption June 8, 66.] Sergt. George II. Bennett, 18 yrs., farmer, West Chester; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 01, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. about May 23, 64; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Fort Schuyler, N. Y., Jan. 30, 65; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I. Sergt. Robert J. Baldwin, 21 yrs., tinsmith, West Chester; mus. as priv. Nov. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to sergt. about May 23, 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64 ; mus. out Sept. 23, 64, at exp. of term. Sergt. Robert Walker, 37 yrs., laborer, Downingtown; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 04; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 26, 64; pr. to corp. and to sergt. dates unknown ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Thomas E. Dutton, 19 yrs., oc. and res. unknown; rec t; raus. Feb. 2, 63, for 3 yrs.; joined co. April 9, 63 ; pr. to corp. and to sergt. dates unknown ; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. George II. Cook, 18 yrs., laborer, New London; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to sergt. July 19, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Edward A. Weidner, 23 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. as priv. Sept. 23,* 61 for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to sergt. July 1, 65; ab. at mus out; on detached service, S. 0. No. 68, War Dept. March 1 0, 65. Corp. George W. Burns, 27 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d corp. Oct. 17, 61; pr. to 2d corp. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 1st corp. Nov. 5, 61; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., May 26, 64. Corp. Thomas J. Henderson, 19 yrs., drover, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Oct. 17, 61 ; pr. to 6th corp. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 5th corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 4th corp. May 28, 62; pr. to 3d corp. Oct. 8, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 17, 63. [Re-enlisted in 3 yrs. service in 18th Pa. Cav.] Corp. William F. Smith, 19 yrs.; painter, West Chester; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 8th corp. Oct. 17, 61 ; pr. to 7th corp. Nov. 1, 61; pr. to 6th corp. Nov. 5, 61; pr. to 5th corp. May 28, 62; pr. to 4th corp. Oct. 8, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 15, 62. 540 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. James McConnell, 25 yrs., clerk, East Nantmeal ; mus. as priv. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Nov. 1, 61 ; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 2, 62. Corp. Thomas W. Darnell, 18 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. as priv. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Nov. 5, 61 ; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Corp. James Wood, 28 yrs., pudler, Phoenixville ; mus. as priv. Sept. 27, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps date unknown. Corp. William H. George, 25 yrs., plasterer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Oct., 62; tr. to U. S. Signal Corps, Feb. 29, 64. Corp. Isaac T. Massey, 18 yrs., printer, West Chester; mus. Nov. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. Feb. 17, 63; mus. out Nov. 7, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Christopher C. Courtney, 19 yrs., blacksmith, Downingtown; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64: pr. to 8th corp. July 1, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Musician Edward J. Hadley, 18 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. musician May 10, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Musician Milton S. Taylor, 18 yrs., painter, West Chester; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. musician Oct. 17, 61; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to principal musician Sept. 18, 64. Musician Charles C. Taylor, 18 yrs., artist, West Chester; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs; ap. musician Oct. 17, 61; dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook, S. C., May 10, 63. [Re-entered service for 3 yrs. Jan. 64, as drummer 186th P. V.; dis. with regt. Aug. 15, 65.] Teamster Marshal B. England, 44 yrs., teamster., West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head., S. C., Sept. 19, 62, Teamster Levi F. Snyder, 21 yrs., fanner, Rockville; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ainswortb, Robert L. 40 yrs., plasterer, Rockville; mus. Oct. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, (epilepsy) at Harrisburg in Oct. or March, 62. Priv. Allison, Alfred C., 18 yrs., farmer, Upper Uwchland; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Beihler, Joseph, 35 yrs., dyer, Manheim, Lancaster Co.; mus. Oct. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on serg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Dec. 10, 62. Priv. Bellwoar, John, 23 yrs., laborer, West Goshen; mus. Nov. 5, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. at U. S. Hosp , Philadelphia, Nov. 5, 64, at exp. of term. [Died at home, Philadelphia, April 12, 67.] Priv. Bookman, Samuel, 32 yrs., tailor, Marticville; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band, Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Brown, William, 24 yrs., oc. and res. unknown; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; taken to Harrisburg, Oct. 28, 61, by order of Gov. A. G. Curtin, as a deserter from Co. G, 7th Cav. Priv. Brubaker, Francis T., 30 yrs., clerk, Strasburg; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band, Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Burns, Charles, 27 yrs., laborer, Downingtown; mus. Oct. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 22, 64, at exp. of term. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY II. 541 Priv. Busser, Jacob H., 40 yrs., tinsmith and engineer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; raus. out Oct. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Clark, William, 17 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; re/.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Cross, James, 19 yrs., laborer, Coatesville; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 8, 62. [Re-entered 3 yrs. ser vice in Co. B, lith Pa. Cav.] Priv. Cross, Jonathan, 44 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 17, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Bailing, William, 33 yrs., painter, West Chester; mus. Oct. 10, 63, for 3 yrs.j tr. to regt. band, Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Dasey, Joseph, 27 yrs., farmer, East Whiteland; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., June 24, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, (J5. Priv. Davidson, Ezeikel, 26 yrs., oc. unknown, East Nantmeal; mus. Oct. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted from Camp Wayne, Oct. 26, 61. [Marked insane on Alphabetical Roll.] Priv. Davis, Isaac B., 29 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford; mus. Sept, 23, 61, for 3 yrs ; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Hd., S. C., March 28, 63. Priv. Davis, James K., 33 yrs., teamster, Penningtonville; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Hd., S. C., Nov. 17, 02, [Died of chron. diarr at U. S. Hosp., New York, Dec. 19, 62; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I., grave 569.] Priv. Davis, William P., 41 yrs., lawyer, Philadelphia; rec t; mus. Nov. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; raus. out Nov. 23, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Dean, Christopher, 22 yrs., farmer, Oxford j mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dutton, Alfred L., 20 yrs., farmer, Elk Dale; mus. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs, tr. to Co. E, 3d U. S. Arty, at Hilton, Hd., S. C., Nov. 16, 62. Priv. Evans, Abner, 32 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. corp. Oct. 17, 61; tr. to ranks at own request, Nov. 1, 61; vet.; re-inus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Everhart, James S., 20 yrs., wheelwright, Downingtown; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, (54; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Point of Rocks, Va., Jan. 11, 65. Priv. Fithian, Austin M., 20 yrs., shoemaker, West Chester; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band, Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Ford, James G., 18 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to U. S. Signal Corps, by order of War Dept., Feb. 29, 64. Priv. Gallagher, James S., 21 yrs., farmer, Brady wine Manor; mus. Sept. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Hd., S. C., July 28, 62. Priv. Garrett, George F., 34 yrs., tailor, West Chester; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Washington, D. C., May 23, 62. [Re-entered service for emergency June 18, 63, as priv. in Co. H, 29th Pa. Militia; dis. with co. Aug. 1, 63.] 542 HISTORY OF THE NINETY SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Goold, Payne A., 21 yrs., tobacconist, West Chester; mus. Nov. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band, Nov. 9, 61; re-enlisted in co. Aug. 31, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at St. Helena, S. C., Dec. 10, 62. Priv. Griffith, Haaford T., 21 yrs., farmer, York; rec t; mus. Aug. 25, 62; drowned while bathing in Kiawah Creek, Seabrook Island, S. C., June 4, 63. Priv. Griffith, Oliver A., 27 yrs., laborer, Coatesville; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Ya., June 24, 64; ab. on acct. of wds. at Filbert St. Hosp., Philadelphia; tr. April 27, 65, to Co. K, 20th Yet. Res. Corps. [Dis. at Wheeling, Ya., June 5, 65.] Priv. Hanson, John, 18 yrs., oc. unknown, Oxford; mus Sept, 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; deserted at Camp Wayne, Oct. 26, 61. Priv. Hardin, William H, 19 yrs., farmer, Lower Oxford; mus. Sept. 23, 61,- for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Harvey, Marshall B., 44 yrs., farmer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 19, 62. [Died at home, date unknown.] Priv. Heed, Harmon, 21 yrs., druggist, West Chester; mus. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to hosp steward Oct. 29, 61. Priv. Hemphill, William C., 27 yrs., livery keeper, West Chester; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Hesson, John, 27 yrs., moulder, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Ya., Aug. 16, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Oct. 17, 64. Priv. Hosmer, John L., 25 yrs., farmer, Newtown; nius. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.j tr. to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Hughes, John G., 44 yrs., farmer, East Yincent; mus. Sept. 27, 61, for 3 yrs.; died at Fernandina, Fla., Oct. 15, 63. Priv. Humphrey, Samuel, 35 yrs., laborer, Lionville, rec t; mus. Jan. 6, 62, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Feb. 25, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Hd., S. C., Oct. 23, 62. Priv. Hunter, Samuel, 44 yrs., shoemaker, Downingtown; mus. Oct. 12, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 4, 63. Priv. Jackson, Milton, 44 yrs., wheelwrigh t, Downingtown; mus. Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook Island, S. C., June 24, 63. Priv. Jones, Peter T., 21 yrs., laborer, Mount Holly, N. J.; mus. Oct. 9, 61 for 3 yrs.; deserted at Fernandina, Fla., March 16, 62. Priv. Kimes, James. H., 18 yrs., oc. unknown, West Chester; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on writ of habeas corpus by Judge W. Wollerton, at West Chester, Oct. 26 61, on acct. of minority. Priv. Kurl, Alfred, 40 yrs., oc. and res. unknown; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; taken to Harrisburg by order of Gov. A. G. Curtin as a deserter from Co. G, 7th Pa. Cav., Oct. 28, 61. Priv. Loud, Henry, 24 yrs., Phoenixville; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out on acct. of wds. at Point Lookout Hosp., Md.; since May 20, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY H. 543 Priv. Loud, James, 21 yrs., laborer, Phcenixville; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp Sept. 20, 64. Priv. Lovell, Richard M., 24 yrs., carpenter. Chandlerville; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to n-gt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Lovell, William T., 29 yrs., farmer, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64; died of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., July 28, 64. Priv. Maloney, Daniel, 33 yrs., tailor, Oxford; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; died of chron. diarr. at Portsmouth Grove Hosp., R. I., Oct. 10, 64. Priv. McKalls, Amos, 23 yrs., farmer, Marticville; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yra.; tr to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. McGrinder, Joseph, 22 yrs., laborer, Downingtown; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-inus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64. Priv. MclIenry, Harrison, 16 yrs., farmer, Guthrieville; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 17, 64, at exp. of terra. Priv. Mcllvaine, John J., 34 yrs., plumber, West Chester; mus. Oct. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. McKeever, John A. D., 18 yrs, machinist, Oxford; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Miller, Abia C. E., 19 yrs., tinsmith, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out on acct. of wds. at Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia; since May 20, 64. Priv. Moore, Samuel, 44 yrs.; mason, res. unknown; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at U. S. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., May 19, 62. Priv. Mulholland, David, 28 yrs., blacksmith, Xorristown; mus. Oct. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 17, 64; mus. out Oct. 21, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Mulholland, Hamilton, 42 yrs., laborer, Downingtown; raus. Sept. 23,* 61, for yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. with loss of arm in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 64 ; dis. for wds. March 22, 65, at U. S. hosp., York, Pa. Priv. Myers, George W., 26 yrs., painter, Strasburg; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Painter, Albert P., 18 yrs., clerk, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C., April 29, 62. Priv. Patterson, Benjamin, 33 yrs., mason, West Chester; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Poulson, Isaac W., 19 yrs., machinist, Kennett Square; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died while a pris r, date and place unknown. 544 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Reed, Bernard, 24 yrs., laborer, West Chester; raus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band, Oct. 24, 01. Priv. Roecker, Bernard, 31 yrs., confectioner and baker, West Chester; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band, Oct. 24. 61. Priv. Roecker, Christian, 36 yrs., confectioner and baker, West Chester; raus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Shenk, Hiram, 33 yrs., stone mason, Marticville; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Smith, Samuel R., 33 yrs., painter, Oxford; mus. Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va. , May 20, 64. Priv. Steele, William M., 44 yrs., carpenter, Schuylkill County ; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; ab. at mus. out; sick in U. S. Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va.; since June, 65. Priv. Steube, John, 27 yrs., tailor, Strasburg; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Sullivan, Ezra H., 20 yrs., machinist, Marshalton; mus. Oct. 12, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. IT, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Taylor, Edward H., 11 yrs., clerk, West Chester; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Edisto Island, S. C., April 29, 62. Priv. Taylor, John H., 43 yrs., musician, West Chester; mus. Oct. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to regt. band as leader Oct. 24, 61. Priv. Tinsley, Alexander, 18 yrs., shoemaker, Coatesville; mus. Sept. 23,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Wilson, William Granville, 16 yrs., minor, Coatesville; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on writ of habeas corpus by Hon. T. Haines, at West Chester, Oct. 26, 61, on acct. of minority. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. William Mills, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to corp.; wd. in trenches near Petersbug, Va., July 18, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. [Died Sept. 1, 65, in Philadelphia, before reaching home.] Corp. James McGuigan, sub., Oct. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; no date of pr. to corp.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Jesse Wheeler, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; no date of pr. to corp.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. [Re-entered U. S. service Sept. 15, 66, and pr. to sergt. Co. K, 28th Infty., U. S. A.] Corp. William Shields, sub., Nov. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; no date of pr. to corp.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John B. Allen, sub., Oct. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; no date of pr. to corp.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. George W. Dehoff, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; no. date of pr..to corp.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. William Wright, drafted, Oct. 13, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Drury s Bluff, Va., May 16, 64; pr. to corp. July 19, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Musician Philip Richard, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; no date of ap.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Andy, Hezekiah, drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Ceme tery Hill, near Petarsburg, Va., June 30, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY II. "> 1 ) Priv. Allen, Robert W., drafted, Oct. 2, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; deserted, date not given; re turned, date not given; sentenced by court-martial to forfeit 1 rao. pay O. O. 25, hd.-qrs. 10th corps, July 8, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Anderson, Charles F., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 8, 65. Priv. Anderson, George W., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of confluent small pox at Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia, March 7, 65. Privr. Bennett, William, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; tr. to Dept. X. W. Oct. 15, 64. Priv. Billings, William, sub., Sept. 3, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bills, Abraham L., sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Boyd, William H., sub., March 4. 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Bradshaw, Thomas, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 5. 64. Priv. Breunan, John, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs ; deserted Aug. 16, 64. Priv. Carbaugh, Daniel, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Cavanaugh, James, drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 5, 64. Priv. Charlton, John G., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 23, 65. Priv. Charney, Charles, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Church, Marcus W., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Collioud, Samuel, -drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64 ; dis. on surg. cert. May 25, 65. Priv. Craney, John, drafted, Sept, 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps. [Dis. March 17, 65.] Priv. Cress, Adam, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 23, 65. Priv. Critchfield, James, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Curtis, John, sub., Nov. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dawson, Robert S., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Donahue, Michael, sub., July 11, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 11, 65. Priv. Donnelly, John, drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 5, 64. Priv. Douglass, Byron, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va ., May 20, 64. Priv. Drumm, Edward, sub., Feb. 14, 65, for 3 yrs. [Xot on mus.-out roll ] Priv. Dry, Mordecai, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Duffy, Robert, drafted, Oct. 22, 63, 3 yrs.; deserted June 8, 64. Priv. Dunaway, William H., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Dunn, Thomas, sub., Sept. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. on surg. cert. June 29, 65. Priv. Entrican, Charles, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va.; May 20, 64; deserted from Filbert St. Hosp., Philadelphia, Oct. 1, 64. Priv. Evards, Philip, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; died of fever at post hosp., Raleigh, N. C., May 12, 65. Priv. Fields, David F., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 18, 65. Priv. Finegan, Owen, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Drury s Bluff, Va , May 16, 64; dis. July 6, 65. Priv. Floray, Philip, drafted, Oct. 1, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Force. William H., sub. Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. 35 546 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Gaffany, Terrence, sub., Sept. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Glenn, John, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Graham, Alexander, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; died of heart disease at Fernandina, Fla., April 26, 64. Priv. Haley, Martin, sub., Oct. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hamm, Conrad, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus, out. Priv. Harbours, Alfred N., sub., Aug. 25, 64, for 1 yrs.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Harrison, Charles, sub., Nov. 28, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hart, Thomas, sub., Aug. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Hartman, Augustus, drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Peterburg, Va., July 6, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., July 29,, 64. Priv. Hazel, Andrew, drafted, Oct. 1, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. [Died at his home, Centre Co., of chron. diarr. Sept., 65.] Priv. Headley, Amos B., sub., Aug. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Heeley, Hugh, sub., Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hennessey, John, sub., Oct. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Horr, John, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hoxendofel, Frederick, sub., Nov. 4, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Jones, Charles, drafted, July 29, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Jones, John, sub., Aug. 11, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Jones, Owen, drafted, Oct. 22, 63, fcfr 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Jones, Thomas, sub., Feb. 14, 65, for 3 yrs. [Not on mus. -out roll.] Priv. Kerchner, George, drafted, Oct. 16, 63, for 3 yrs.; died of dysentery at 10th corp. hosp., Point of Rocks, Va., Aug. 5, 64; bu. in Nat. Cem., City Point, Va., sec. D, div. 4, grave 167. Priv. Lamory, Henry, sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lander, Oscar, drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out; at Fil bert St. Hosp., Philadelphia, since May 20, 64. Priv. Lathrup, Eugene, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs. [Not on mus.-out roll.] [Dis. Aug. 8, 65. Bates State History.] Priv. Malone, James, sub., July 21, 64; for 3 yrs.; dis. June 29, 65. Priv. Marks, Thomas, sub., Feb. 14, 65, for 3 yrs. [Not on mus.-out roll.] Priv. Marshall, Samuel, sub., Feb. 14, 65, for 3 yrs [Not on mus.-out roll.] Priv. Martin, Job H., drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr ; dis. May 28, 65. Priv. McColly, Patrick, drafted, March 4, 65, for 3 yrs ; deserted July 21, 65. Priv. McDonald, George, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs., deserted April 1, 65. Priv. McDonald, William, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. [Not on mus.-out roll.] Priv. Montgomery, David, drafted, Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Moore, Charles, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; in confinement at Raleigh, N. C., at mus. out; sentenced by court-martial to 3 mos. hard labor and forfeit 3 mos. pay, by G. 0. 16, July 5, 65. Priv. Moore, Jonas, drafted, Oct. 1, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Murphy, William, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Nesbitt, John, drafted, March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted July 18, 65. Priv. Nichols, Albert B., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted April 1, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY H. 547 Priv. O Donald, Peter, sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. O Hara, John, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis June 8. 65. Priv. Ortb, William, drafted, March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Pointer, Thomas, sub., Sept. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Potter, George P., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Preston, Joseph, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Price, Joseph, sub., Sept. 24, 64, for 1 yr. dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Printz, Frederick, drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Pyle, Levi B, sub., March 2, T>5, for 1 yr.; dis. July 18, 05. Priv. Raby, George, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Kauch, George, drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 23, 65. Priv. Richards, William, sub., Oct. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rider, Abncr, drafted, Oct. 1, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Riley, Edward, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Segee, James, drafted, Aug. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 14, 65. Priv. Seymour, William P., drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 6, 64. Priv. Shaffer, John, drafted, Sept. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 14, 65. Priv. Shay, William H., sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Shuttmire, Joseph, sub., Nov. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Simpson, Milton, sub., Aug. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Smith, George, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cold Har bor, Ya., June 4, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. Dec. 14, 64. Priv. Smith, John H., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr. [Not on mus. -out roll.] [Dis. G. O., June 28, 65. Bates State History.] Priv. Smith, Johu W., drafted, Sept. 23 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Spencer, Thomas, sub.. March 2, 65, for I yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Steacb, James, drafted, Feb. 21, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Tackaberry, James, sub., March 2, 65, fur 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. [Died Sept. 13, 65; bu. in Nat. Cera., Newbern, N. C., plot 7, grave 18.] Priv. Tarleton; Robert, sub., Oct. 24, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Thomas, Joseph H., drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Tobin, Martin H., sub., Oct. 13, 64, for 1 yr.; died after mus. -out roll was prepared and previous to mus. out, date not given. Priv. W r agner, Felix, drafted, Sept, 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Feb. 2, 65. COMPANY I, BROOKE GUARDS. Capt. George W. Hawkins, 34 yrs., carpenter, Philadelphia; first entered service as priv. in Co. F, 17th P. V., April 26, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. April 19, 62, to date Oct. 29, 64, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; leg amputated; died of wds. Oct. 28, 64. [Com. issued by Gov. Curtin as lieut. col. Oct. 29, 64, to rank from Sept. 18, 64.] Capt. George W. Duffee, 19 yrs., farmer, Marcus Hook; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 5th sergt, Oct. 19, 61; pr. to 4th sergt. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Aprtl 16, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Sept. 16, 62; pr. 1st sergt. Sept. 20 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. Feb 5, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Feb. 6, 64; wd. in action at Fort Gilmer, Va., Sept. 29, 64; pr. to capt. Dec. 2, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65 ; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 548 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 1st Lieut. Sketchley Morton, Jr., 20 yrs., lumber merchant, Mortonville, Dela ware Co.; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 12, 62. 1st Lieut. W. H. H. Gibson, 22 yrs., clerk, Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; pr. to 4th sergt. April 16, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Sept. 16, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Sept. 20, 62; vet.; re.mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. Feb. 6, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Dec., 64; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 2d Lieut. Annesley N. Morton, 19 yrs., lumber merchant, Mortonville, Delaware Co.; mus. Nov. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; res. and hon. dis. at Edisto Island, S. C., April 16, 62. [Re-entered the service as Capt. Co. L, 15th Pa. Cav.] 2d Lieut. James Williams, 38 yrs., seaman, Linwood; first entered service as sergt. in Co. I, 9th P. V., April 22, 61, for 3 mos.; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt. Oct. 19, 61; pr. to 2d lieut. April 16, 62; res. on acct. of ill health and hon. dis. at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 8, 62. 2d Lieut. John Kuapp, 25 yrs., barber, Philadelphia ; mus. Nov. 8, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt.; pr. to 1st sergt. April 16, 62; pr. to 2d lieut. Sept. 10, 62; res. and hon. dis. at Fernandina, Fla., Feb. 5, 64. 2d Lieut. George M. Middleton, 20 yrs., farmer, Lazaretto; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Sept. 16, 62; pr. to sergt. date unknown ; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. Oct. 29, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. Dec. 2, 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65 ; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. John C. Morton, 25 yrs., seaman, Chester; mus. in Co. G Oct. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Co. I as 4th sergt. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Sept. 16, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Sept. 20, 62; pr. to 1st sergt. May 1, 63 ; mus. out Oct. 21, 64, at exp. of term. 1st Sergt. William Ottowell, 28 yrs., waterman, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 7th corp. Oct. 19, 61; pr. to 6th corp. April 16, 62; pr. to sergt. May 2, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Wier Bottom Church, Va., Aug. 26, 64 ; pr. to 1st sergt. Dec. 2, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Thomas A. Watson, 21 yrs., coach maker, Chester; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 3d sergt. Oct. 19, 61; pr. 2d sergt. April 16, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 20, 62. Sergt. James E. Engle, 18 yrs, clerk, Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 5th sergt. April 16, 62; pr. to 4th sergt. Sept. 20, 62; pr. to 2d sergt. Feb. 5, 64; vet.; re.mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. with loss of arm in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. to receive pr. Aug. 24, 64, by S. ()., War Dept. [Pr. to 2d lieut, 16th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps.] Sergt. William R. Wood, 22 yrs., cordwaioer, Media; mus. Nov. 10, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st corp.; pr. to 5th sergt. May 2, 62; pr. to 4th sergt. Sept. 10, 62; pr. to 3d sergt. Sept. 20, 62; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 2u, 64; mus. out Oct. 29, 64, at exp. of term. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY I. 549 Sergt. William P. Hayman, 33 yrs., lumberman, Oakdale; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d corp. Oct. 19, 61; pr. to sergt. and to 2d sergt. dates un known; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out with co. Aug* 28, 65. Sergt. Horatio A. Powell, 31 yrs., carpenter, Radnor; rec t; mus. as priv. April 2, 62, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. April 16, 62; pr. to sergt. date unknown; dis. April 2, 65, at exp. of term. Sergt. William H. Reese, 20 yrs., farmer, Newtown Square; rec t; mus. as priv. Jan. 2, 62, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Feb. 18, 62; pr. to corp. May 1, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr to sergt, date un known; wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; ab. sick at U. S. Hosp., Portsmouth Grove, R. I.; since May 2, 65; dis. by G.O., Aug. 15, 65. Sergt Edward Home, 18 yrs., farmer, Lazaretto; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 04; pr. to corp. and to sergt. dates unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Jacob Cline, 18 yrs., farmer, Lazaretto; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. Mart-fa 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. and to sergt. dates unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John L. Morton, 19 yrs., farmer, Darby; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; np. corp. Oct. 19, 61; died of typhus fever at Fernandina, Fla., March 28, 62. Corp. Clayton C. Elbertson, 33 yrs., farmer, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. corp. Oct. 19, 61; dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook Is land, S. C., May 9, 63. Corp. Robert Trowland, 40 yrs., weaver, Darby; mus. Nov. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. corp.; died of chron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, Nov. 4, 63. Corp. Thomas Creigan, 30 yrs., laborer, Oakdale; mus. Oct. 9,* 61. for 3 yrs.; ap. 6tb corp. Oct. 19, 61; pr. to 5th corp. Jan. 1, 62; pr. to 4th corp. April 16, 62; pr. to 2d corp. Sept. 20, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Va., May 20, 64; pr. to 1st corp. Oct. 29, J 64; again wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. William F. Green, 22 yrs., farmer, Newtown Square; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. April 16, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Philadelphia, on acct. of wds., July 10, 65. Corp. James B. Newell, 18 yrs.; engineer, Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. George H. Barton, 18 yrs., fisherman, Linwood; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. James Groff, 18 yrs., farmer, Kellyville; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 01, for 3 yrs; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; mus out with co. Aug. 28, 65. 550 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. Charles Stewart 24 yrs., farmer, Ridley ; mus. as priv. Oct., 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action afr Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64 ; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Jabez Travis, 18 yrs., farmer, Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Francis Todd, 18 yrs., weaver, Chester; mus. as priv. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; pr. to corp. July 24, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Re-enlisted in U. S. Army.] Musician John Parsons, Jr., 30 yrs., cutler, Media; rec t ; mus. as priv. Dec. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. fifer Jan. 11, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to principal musician March 1, 64. Musician Harry Hunter, 18 yrs., farmer, Chester; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr. at Hilton Head, S. C., April 1, 62. Musician William T. Thompson, 18 yrs., farmer, Linwood; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. musician April 10, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Died at home of consump tion Sept. 18, 65.] Musican Charles H. Dickerson, 16 yrs., drummer, West Chester; rec t; mus. Jan. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Feb. 22, 63; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Teamster Amos G. Webb, 27 yrs., farmer, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Beaufort, S. C., July 6, 62. Teamster William J. Dunlap, 25 yrs., wheelwright, Kelly ville; mus. as priv. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. teamster July 15, 62; wd. in action at Cold Harbor, Ya., June 6, 64; mus. out Oct. 29, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Carney, Henry, 46 yrs., millwright, Oakdale; rec t; mus. Dec. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Jan. 16, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 27, 63. Priv. Dicker, William R., 27 yrs., farmer, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of consumption on transport, James River, Ya., June 18, 64. Priv. Donovan, James, 19 yrs., laborer, Glen Mills; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Ya., May 20, 64; dis. at U. S. Hosp., Alexandria, Ya., on acct. of wds. June 7, 65. Priv. Duffey, Yincent, 17 yrs., farmer, Chatham; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; deserted while on vet. furlough; apprehended and tried by gen. court-martial; sentenced to con finement at hard labor for 12 mos. and to forfeit all pay and bounty due and $12 per month pay for that period; G. 0. 13, hd.-qrs. 2d div., 10th corps, June 3, 65. Priv. Edwards, Thomas, 31 yrs., farmer, Oakdale; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 27, 62. Priv. Everman, Evan H., 37 yrs., lumberman, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Ya., June 24, 64; died of wds. at Filbert St. Hosp., Philadelphia, Aug. 1, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY I. Priv. Finley. Patrick, 25 yrs., laborer, Chester; rec t; mus. Dec. 20, 61, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Jan. 16, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp. Sept. 3, 64. Priv. Gaul, David W., 42 yrs., farmer, Leiperville; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Gray, John, 18 yrs., jeweler, Providence, R. I.; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gutterson, William S., 21 yrs., fisherman, Linwood; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs ; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Harrigan, Daniel, 20 yrs., factory operative, Upland; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps by order of War Dept. May 15, 65. Priv. Harris, Nathan T., 22 yrs., wheelwright, Schuylkill Co.; mus. Nov. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Hilton Head, S. C., May 12, 62. Priv. Home, Caleb, 21 yrs., farmer, Oakdale; rec t; mus. Dec. 31, 61, for 3 yrs.; died at U. S. Hosp., David s Island, N. Y., June 27, 64; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I., grave 1,006. Priv. Irwin, Sanford, 18 yrs., farmer, res. unknown; mus. Oct. 24, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on writ of habeas corpus by Hon. Judge Haines, at West Chester, Oct. 28, 61, on acct. of minority. Priv. Lafferty, James, 26 yrs., weaver, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., April 10, 64. Priv. Leidtke, Frederick W., 26 yrs., oc. and res. unknown; rec t; mus. Feb. 3, 62, for 3 yrs. [Not on mus. -out roll.] [Discharged to receive pro motion to 2d lieut. Co. G, llth P. V., Aug. 28, 62. Bates State History.] Priv. Likens, Daniel W., 20 yrs., farmer, Linwood; mus. Sept 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; again wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; mus. out Oct. 29, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Lindsay, Henry P., 20 yrs., farmer, Edgemont; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lynch, James, 32 yrs., farmer, Springfield; mus. Oct. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 22, 63. Priv. Maloney, James F., 18 yrs., factory operative, Upland; rec t; mus. Dec. 27, 61, for 3 yrs.; joined co. Jan. 16, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernan dina, Fla., Oct. 12, 63. Priv. Marshall, Enos, 37 yrs., fisherman, Linwood; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs ; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 27, 62. Priv. Matthews, Michael H., 19 yrs., waterman, Leiperville; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McCabe, James, 38 yrs., weaver, Chester; rec t; mus. April 3, 62, for 3 yrs.; mus. out April 3, 65, at exp. of term. 552 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. McDermott, John, 18 yrs., farmer, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.: vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; ab. at mus. out; sick in U. S. Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va.; since June 16, 65. Priv. McNeil, William, 19 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 21, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Moore, James C., 44 yrs., farmer, Upper Oxford ; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; sick at post hosp., Raleigh, N. C.; since May 19, 65; dis. by G. O. July 19, 65. Priv. Morris, William R., 28 yrs., weaver, Chester; rec t; mus. March 21, 62, for 3 yrs. [Not on mus. -out roll.] Priv. Nuttle, David T., 21 yrs., boatman, Chester; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; deserted at Bermuda JId., Va., about July, 64, arrested, tried and sentenced by court-martial to confinement at hard labor for 12 mos., and to forfeit $12 per month for that time; G. 0. 13, hd.-qrs. 2d div., 10th corps, June 3, 65; ab. in con finement at mus. out. Priv. Pine, William, 36 yrs., teamster, Marcus Hook; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; died at De-Camp Hosp., David s Island, N. Y., Oct. 11, 64; bu. in Cypress Hill Gem., L. I. Priv. Richardson, John J., 18 yrs., fisherman, Linwood; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 15, 64; mus. out Oct. 29, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Rigby. Enoch H., 30 yrs., fisherman, Linwood; mus. Sept. 16, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 29, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Rodgers, Herbert, 19 yrs., waterman, Marcus Hook; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Washington, D. C., May 4, 65. Priv. Sharp, Joseph, 20 yrs., farmer, Media; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, t)4, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Shutt, John, 19 yrs., fisherman, Lazaretto; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs. vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., July 14, 64. Priv. Simpson, David, 22 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64 ; mus. out Aug. 28, 65.; Priv. Taylor, John, 43 yrs., fisherman, Marcus Hook; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Seabrook Island, S. C., June 2Y, 63. Priv. Thomas, Evan, 18 yrs., blacksmith, Newtown Square; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on writ of habeas corpus by Hon. T. Haines, at West Chester, Oct. 24, 61, on acct. of minority. Priv. Todd, Jonathan, 42 yrs, spinner, Chester; rec t; mus. Jan. 24, 62, for 3 yrs.; joined co. April 6, 62; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 31, 63, by G. 0. 37, War Dept. Priv. Tompkins, Samuel J., 18 yrs., fisherman, Linwood; mus. Oct. 9,* 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, r 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY I. 553 Priv. Ward, John, 18 yrs., farmer, Springfield; mus. Sept, 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of cbron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., Fort Scbuyler, N. Y., Oct. 28, 63. Priv. Ward. William H., 20 yrs, blacksmith, Ridley; nius. Oct. 9.* (Jl, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Walraven, Richard, 23 yrs., farmer, Chester; mus. Sept. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.J wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mue. out Oct. 29, 64. at exp. of term. Priv. Wood, Isaac, 42 yrs., farmer, Media; mus. Oct. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed by shell in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 29, 64. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. Owen L. Smith, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Adolph Fry, drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; wd. with loss of arm in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., May 20, 65. Priv. Abner, John, drafted, Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 22, 65. Priv. Armstrong, George, drafted, Jan. 19, 65, for 1 yr; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Armstrong, Joseph, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Angler, Francis, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Baker, William II., drafted, Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; died of phthisis at Hilton Head, S. C., Aug. 2, 64. Priv. Barnes, William, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs., deserted Aug. 16, 65. Priv. Barthelle, Lewis, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yf.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Berry, Robert, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 1 yr; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Betts, Loomis, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. May 3, 65. Priv. Brontzman, Martin, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64 ; ab. at mus. out at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., on acct. of wds.; since May 20, 64. Priv. Brooks, John H., drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. [Since died.] Priv. Brown, Charles, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 15, 65. Priv. Camp, Sylvester, drafted, Feb. 4, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 25, 65. Priv. Cbapin, William X., drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Clark, Philip, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Peters burg, Va., June 16, 64; again wd. in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ab. at mus. out at U. S. Hosp., Newark, N. J., on acct. of wds.; since Aug. 16, 64. Priv. Cole, Elias, drafted, Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. May 3, 65, on acct, of wds. Priv. Cole, John, drafted. Jan. 18, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Conn, Thomas, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab sick at mus. cut. Priv. Connelly, William, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 3, 64. Priv. Crosby, James, drafted, Sept. 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Feb. 11, 64. Priv. Crowley, Daniel, drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 14, 64. Priv. Davis, William, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Greeu Plains. Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Demery, Richard, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted May 30, 65. 554 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Donnelly, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Donnelly, William, sub., July 7, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 15, 65. Priv. Donovan, John; rec t; mus. April 5, 64, for 3 yrs., joined co. May 2, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 15, 64; tr. to Yet. Res. Corps March 4, 65; dis. May 29, 65. Priv. Foster, Philander, drafted, Jan. 11, 65, for 1 yr.; died of debility at Ra leigh, N. C., July 5, 65. Priv. Frace, George, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid fever at Raleigh, N. C., May 13, 65. Priv. Gilligan, Peter, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Girton, John A., sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Goodrich, Peter, drafted, Sept. 1, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Dec. 14, 63; capt d Dec. 15, 63; executed for desertion Feb. 27, 64, in conformity with sentence of gen. court-martial. Priv. Haeley, Michael, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Haines, Isaac D., drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Halderman, Aaron, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Harris, Charles L., drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Oct., 64. Priv. Hawk, Dennis, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 10, 65. Priv. Helm, Edward; rec t.; mus. Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 6, 65. Priv. Henn, Philip, drafted, Sept. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64 ; dis. on acct. of wds. June 23, 65. Priv. Holley, Benjamin, sub., Oct. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. John, August, sub., Aug. 24, 64, for 1 yr ; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Johnson, Peter, drafted, July 28, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 21, 64. Priv. Kelly, Levi, drafted, Feb. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. June 21, 65. Priv. Kneedler, Christian, drafted, Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Sept. 16, 64. Priv. Krisell, John, drafted, Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; killed in trenches near Pe tersburg, Va., July 15, 64. Priv. Lawrence, Daniel, drafted, Sept. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Lewis, James, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; deserted July, 64. Priv. Luiher, Thomas, sub., Aug. 31, 64, for 3 yrs.; dis. July 7, 65. Priv. Mahoney, Dennis, drafted, July 30, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Mahoney, James, drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Marmyer, William, drafted, Sept. 10, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 1, 64. Priv. McKuwen, Alexander G., drafted, July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. on acct. of wds. at mus. out. Priv. McMulligan, Charles, drafted, Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McStraw, Robert W., drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Miller, Peter, drafted, Oct. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Morris, William, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs.; deserted Aug. 22, 65. Priv. Myers, Joseph E., drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Naughton, John, sub , Sept. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 15, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY I. OOO Priv Patton, Howard L., drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted June 2, ( ,4. Priv. Powell. David, drafted, July 23, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. June 10, 65. Priv. Pride, Adam S., drafted, Nov. 11, 04, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rhein, Michael, drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; tr. to 1st Regt., U. S. A., Aug. 6, 64. Priv. Ripple, John, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Rodgers, Thomas, drafted, Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. Priv. Sage, Henry, drafted, Sept. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Schiott, Henry, drafted, July 13, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted July 30, 65. Priv. Schnitzel, John, drafted, July 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Shaffer, Elijah, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Sipe, Jacob, drafted, Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Slutter, Levi T., drafted, Sept. 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28,- 65. Priv. Solverson, Swen, drafted, July 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Peters burg Mine, Va., July 30. 64; died of wds. at field hosp. Aug. 3, 04. Priv. Spencer, John J., sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Stiles, Alfred, sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Stock, Franklin, sub., Nov. 26, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Swartz, Philip, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; killed in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65. Priv. Thomas, James, drafted, Sept. 27, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Vath, George, drafted, July 30, 03, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Yreiland, Franklin, drafted, Sept. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 25, 64. Priv. Wagoner, Jacob, drafted, Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; died of heart disease at Portsmouth Grove Hosp., L. I., July 20, 65. Priv. Waterman, Willard, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; died of chron. diarr. at Raleigh, N. C., May 21, 65; bu. in Nat. Cem., sec. 20, grave 2. Priv. Watts, Israel, sub., March 1, 65, for I yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Waugaman, Robert, drafted, Sept. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Welser, George A., drafted, Nov. 16, 64, for 1 yr.; deserted Aug. 7, 65. Priv. Williams, James, sub., Sept. 1, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Williams, John (1st), drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Williams, John (2d), drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. Oct. 19, 64. Priv. Wilson, Spencer W., drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. Aug. 18, 65. Priv. Young, William W., sub., March 1, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 05. COMPANY K, WAYNE GUARDS. Capt. William Wayne, 33 yrs., farmer, Paoli; mus. April 19, 62, to date Oct. 29, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on account of disability by order of Sec. of War, Jan. 19, 63. Capt. Samuel V. Black, 24 yrs., merchant, Spread Eagle; mus. as priv. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 2d lieut. Nov. 2, 61; pr. to 1st lieut. May 3, 63; pr. to capt. May 1, 04; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; pris r until April, 65, when par.; ex. and rejoined co. April 10, 65; hon. dis. at Raleigh N. C., May 4, 65, to date Jan. 29, 65. 556 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Capt. William S. Underwood, 23 yrs., farmer, Jennerville; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 4th sergt.; pr. to 3d sergt. May 28, 62; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr to 1st sergt. May 3. 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, Va., June 30, 64; again wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; pr. to 1st lieut. Dec. 2, 64; mus. Jan. 1, 65; pr. to capt. Feb. 28, 65; mus. May 6, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Lieut. John J. Barber, 30 yrs., clerk, West Chester, mus. April 19, 62, to date Nov. 5, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert at Hilton Head., S. C., March 9, 63. [Re-entered service as priv. in Co. A, 5th U. S. Arty.; dis. at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 29, 69.] 1st Lieut. Levi L. March, 29 yrs., painter, Paoli; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 1st sergt.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to 2d lieut. May 1, 63; not mus. until 64; pr. to 1st lieut. May 1, 64; mortally wd. in action with loss of leg and arm at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; died of wds. at Chesapeake Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 14, 64. 1st Lieut. William M. Sullivan, 27 yrs., farmer, Warren Tavern; mus. as priv. Dec. IT, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Oct. 27, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. Sept. 27, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. Dec. 2, 64; pr. to 1st lieut Feb. 28, 65, mus. May 7, 65; mus. out with co at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 2d Lieut. Marriott Brosius, 20 yrs., farmer, Octoraraville, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Nov. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 1st corp. June 29, 62; pr. to sergt- May 6, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; com. 2d lieut. Feb. 28, 65; not mus. having been dis. for wds. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Chester, Pa., Jan. 2, 65. 2d Lieut. John W. Thompson, 27 yrs., carpenter, Hopewell Cotton Mills; mus. as priv. Dec. 17, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 20, 63; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to sergt. June 28. 64; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; ex. and rejoined co. Dec. 24, 64; pr. to 1st sergt. April 1, 65; pr. to 2d lieut. May 26, 65; mus. out with co. at Weldon, N. C., Aug. 28, 65. 1st Sergt. James M. Griffith, 21 yrs., engineer, Gulf Mills; mus. Nov. 5, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. 2d sergt. Nov. 29, 61; pr. to 1st sergt. May 1, 63; vet.; re- mus. March 16, <>4, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., June 3, 64. 1st Sergt. J. II. Montgomery, 22 yrs., farmer, Oakdale; rec t; mus. as priv. Feb. 24, 62, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. date unknown; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va. May 20, 64; pr. to sergt. April 1, 65; pr. to 1st sergt. July 18, 65 mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Reuben Powell Fithian, 26 yrs., printer, West Chester; mus. Dec 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. sergt.; wd. in picket skirmish James Island, S. C., June 12, 62; dis. by order of Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, at Varina, Va., Dec. 2, 64, at exp. of term. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY K. 557 Sergt. David P. Thomas, 38 yrs., farmer, Schuylkill T\vp.; mus. Sept. 30, 01, for 3 yrs.; ap. sergt. Oct. 29, 61 ; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 14, 62. Sergt. Lewis I). Hayes, 19 yrs., farmer, Coatesville; nous, as priv. Nov. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus March Ifi, (54, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; pr. to sergt. April 3, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Sergt. Patrick McLaughlin (1st), 22 yrs., farmer, Hayesville; mus. as priv. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-raus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; pr. to corp. April 2, 65; pr. to sergt. July 18, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Re-entered service as priv. in 2d U. S. Cav.] Sergt. Charles A. Meyers, 18 yrs., laborer, Philadelphia; mus. as priv. Dec 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 04; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; pr. to sergt. April 3, 65; reduced July 13, 65; re-ap. sergt. Aug. 17, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. [Re-entered service in 6th U. S. Cav.] Sergt. John W. Farra, 18 yrs., farmer, Elkvievv; mus. as priv. Dec. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Foster s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64; pr. to corp. April 1, 65; pr. to sergt. June 1, 65; reduced July 13, 05; re-ap. sergt. Aug. 17, 05; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Alfred J. Hartman, 23 yrs., farmer, Kimberton; mus. as priv. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 29, 62; -vet.; re-mus. March 10, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hampton Hosp., Va., July 3, 04. Corp. William Taylor, 23 yrs., printer, Hickory Hill; mus. as priv. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 29, 62; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. David S. Christman, 22 yrs., carpenter, Warren Tavern; mus. as priv. Oct. 3, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 29, 62; died of pneumonia at Hilton Head, S. C., Oct. 7, 63. Corp. Channing Brinton, 20 yrs., farmer, Gap, Lancaster Co.; mus. as priv. Oct. 15, 01, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 29, 02; vet.; re-mus. March 10, 04, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Corp. James W. Phillips, 21 yrs., farmer, Chester Valley; mus. as priv. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 29, 62; tr. to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., Nov. 14, 62. Corp. Barnett R. Rapp, 37 yrs., coach maker, Warren Tavern; mus. as priv. Oct. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. June 29, 62; wd. in action at Ceme tery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. William E. Davis, 37 yrs., farmer, Spread Eagle; mus. as priv. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. corp. June 29, 62; vet.; re-inus. March 10, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; reduced to ranks Sept. 27, 64; re-ap. corp. April 3, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Isaac Miller, 24 yrs., farmer, Gum Tree; mus. as priv. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out; at U. S. Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., on acct. of wds. 558 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Corp. E. Lane Schofield, 28 yrs., carpenter, Warren Tavern; mus. as priv. Oct. 11, 61, for 3 yrs.; pr. to corp. Oct. 10, 64; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Corp. Henry R. Coates, 27 yrs., teacher, Mullica Hill, N. J.; mus. as priv. Nov. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. Nov. 28, 64; pr. to sergt. maj. Jan. 1, 65. Corp. Charles Miles, 23 yrs., carpenter, Glen Mills; mus. as priv. Dec. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; pr. to corp. April 4, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Corp. George H. Harrison, 19 yrs., farmer, Spread Eagle; mus. as priv. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; ap. corp. April 5, 65; reduced July 13, 65; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. . Musician Casper C. Fahnestock, Jr.; 25 yrs., musician, Paoli; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; ap. fife maj. Nov. 16, 61. Musician John H. Kauffman, 18 yrs., farmer, Paoli; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug, 28, 65. Musician George W. Smith, 17 yrs.; factor, Philadelphia; mus. Nov. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Teamster Peter J. Wonderly, 28 yrs., farmer, Unionville; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr., at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 4, 63. Priv. Barber, George, 19 yrs., oc. unknown, Pbcenixville ; rec t ; mus. Feb. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va.; May 20, 64. Priv. Beerbrower, Theodore, 22 yrs., carpenter, Chester Springs; rec t; mus. Jan. 21, 62, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Jan. 7, 65, at exp. of term. Priv. Beidler, Henry A., 22 yrs., farmer, Chester Valley; mus. Oct. 19, 61. for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at mus. out; at Conva lescent Hosp.; since July 28, 64. [Supposed to have died.] Priv. Bevan, Thomas R. 18 yrs., farmer, Schuylkill Twp.; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 8, 62. Priv. Brown, Charles W., 19 yrs,, tobacconist, Spread Eagle; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. Priv. Bullock, Isaac, 42 yrs., farmer, Media ; mus. Dec. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp. Hilton Head, S. C., July 11, 62. Priv. Cook, Jonathan, 41 yrs., farmer, Spread Eagle; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia, June 27, 62. Priv. Criswell, Thomas B., 21 yrs., farmer, Hayesville; mus. Oct. 13, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of consumption at Morris Island, S. C., Aug. 18, 63. Priv. Duey, Morris E., 21 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; ab. at mus. out on acct. of wds. Priv. Famous, John S., 21 yrs., farmer, Spread Eagle; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Feb. 20, 63. Priv. Feely, James, 24 yrs., boatman, Bridgeton; rec t; inus. Jan. 6, 62, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Jan. 6, 65, at exp. of term. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY K. 559 Priv. Fennings, Lawrence, 27 yrs., merchant, England; rec t; mus. Feb. 22, (52, for 3 yrs.; placed in U. S. Insane Hosp., Washington, D. C., by order of Maj. Gen. Hunter, and dropped from rolls Aug. 15, 62. Priv. Foley, .lames W., 19 yrs., farmer, Kirk s Mills; rec t; mus. Jan. 1, 62, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fernandina, Fla., Dec. 9, 63. Priv. Francis, Harinan, 21 yrs., wheelwright, East Vincent; mus. Oct. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 28, 64; wd. in action at Green Plnius, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out with co Aug 28, 65. Priv. Frock, Lucien, 18 yrs., farmer, Warren Tavern; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 04; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Griffith. William, 34 yrs., quarryman, Centreville; mus. Oct. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gunkle, Charles L., 22 yrs., farmer, Chester Valley; rec t; mus. Jan. 13, 62, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps July 15, 63. Priv. Gutbrie, John C., 18 yrs., farmer, Jennerville; mus. Dec. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; killed in action at Fos ter s Place, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 18, 64. Priv. Hannum, James, 23 yrs., farmer, Oxford; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at De-Camp Hosp., New York, Sept. 20, 64; bu. in Cypress Hill Cem., L. I., grave 1,916. Priv. Harbour, Thomas, 32 yrs., waiter, Philadelphia; mus. Nov. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cfrt. at U. S. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., May 28, 63. Priv. Harkins, Thomas, 24 yrs., farmer, Cains, Lancaster Co.; mus. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64. Priv. Harner, Michael, 40 yrs., wood chopper, Schuylkill Twp.; mus. Oct. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term Priv. Harper, Isaac, 46 yrs., plasterer, Hickory Hill; mus. Nov. 4, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; mus. out Nov. 3, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Harrison, Isaac, 23 yrs., farmer, Spread Eagle; mua. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., July 30, 62. Priv. Harry, Amos Y., 21 yrs., farmer, Harrisburg; rec t; mus. Jan. 1, 62, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E, 3d Regt. U. S. Arty., Nov. 16, 62. [Killed in action at Olustee, Fla., Feb. 20, 64.] Priv. Hoskins, Jaroes, 36 yrs., farmer, Red Lion; mus. Nov. 7, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Jan. 9, 62. Priv. Jermyn, Burrows, 21 yrs., farmer, Spread Eagle; mus. Sept. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Keeley, Sebastian, 43 yrs., fence maker, West Vincent; rec t.; mus. Feb. 6, 62, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lemp, Jacob G., 33 yrs., tanner and currier, Switzerland; rec t; mus. Feb. 14, 62, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; de serted while on vet. furlough at West Chester, Pa., May 9, 64. 560 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Lewis, William C., 32 yrs., painter, Chester Valley ; mus. Sept. 30, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; dis. on surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 11, 62. Priv. Lukens, Charles A., 19 yrs., farmer, Sadsbury; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd. f Va., May 20, 64; tr. to 2d bat. Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 7, 65. Priv. Manamee, James, 19 yrs., farmer, Reeseville; mus. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64; again wd., with loss of arm, in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 18, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. at U. S. Hosp., Central Park, New York, June 15, 65, by order of Maj. Gen. Dix. Priv. McCann, John, 24 yrs., farmer, Marshalton; mus. Oct. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Co. E, 3d U. S. Arty., at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 14, 62, G. 0. 154, War Dept. Priv. McCarter, William J., 33 yrs., carpenter, Russellville; rec t; mus. Feb. 7, 62, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., July 28, 62. Priv. McHeury, Samuel, 18 yrs., farmer, Ireland; rec t; mus. Feb. 19, 62, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 64; dis. on acct. of wds. at Haddington Hosp., Philadelphia, May 6, 65. Priv. Mclntyre, Taylor W., 28 yrs., laborer, Coatesville; mus. Oct. 28, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Dec. 8, 61. Priv. Miller, Lewis, 22 yrs., farmer, Jennerville; n*us. Oct. 2, 61, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; dis. on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., Sept. 11, 62. [Died at home Oct. 20, 62.] Priv. Miles, William, 44 yrs., farmer, West Chester; rec t; mus. Oct. 27, 62, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at McDougal Hosp., New York Harbor, Dec. 14, 63. Priv. Moore, William P., 19 yrs., farmer, Parkesburg; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jau. 1, 64; wd. with loss of arm in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va,, May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hammond Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., June 16, 64. Priv. Noble, Samuel T., 16 yrs., halter, Philadelphia; rec t; mus. Dec. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1. 64 ; wd. in trenches near Petersburg, Va., July 26, 64; mus. out with co. Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Norton, Joseph Y., 33 yrs., farmer, Paoli; rec t; mus. Oct. 5, 62, for 3 yrs.; killed in action at Wier Bottom Church, Aug. 25, 64. Priv. Phipps, Aaron J., 34 yrs., farmer, West Chester; rec t; mus. Jan. 18, 62, for 3 yrs.; died of chron. diarr., at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 26, 63. Priv. Plumley, George W., 20 yrs., farmer, Gap, Lancaster Co.; mus. Oct. 22, 61, for 3 yrs; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; deserted at Haddington Hosp., Philadelphia, April 10, 65. Priv. Raby, Charles E., 18 yrs., rope maker, Philadelphia; mus. Dec. 19, 61, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Jan. 1, 64; wd. with loss of arm in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. on surg. cert, on acct. of wds. at Point Lookout, Md., Aug. 20, 64. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY K 561 Priv. Rapp, Silns S., 20 yrs., farmer, Scbuylkill Tw]).; mus. Oct. 15, 61, for 3 yrs.; died of typhoid fever at Hilton Head, S. C., May 10, T>2. Priv. Shimp, Francis, 18 yrs., farmer, Philadelphia; mus. Oct. 9, 61, for 3 yrs; deserted at Camp Wayne Nov. 5, <>!. Priv. Smith, William H., 28 yrs., farmer, Willistown; rec t; mus. March 29, 02, for 3 yrs.; ret.; re-mus. March 29, (54; dis. by order of Sec. of War, at Richmond, Va., June 9, (Jo, S. O. 291, dated War Dept. June 9, lift. Priv. Thomas, Henry B., 34 yrs., farmer, Schuylkill Twp.; mus. Oct. 22, 61, for 3 yrs., wd. in action at James Island, S. C., June 10, 62; dis. on surg. cert. at Hilton Head, S. C., March 12, 63. Priv. Unny, Daniel, 24 yrs., farmer, New Centreville; mus. Nov. 14, 61, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E, ( 3d U. S. Arty., at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. Id, 62. [Re-enlisted as veteran and pr. to 1st sergt.] Priv. Wallace, Johnson, 43 yrs., farmer, Oak Hill, Lancaster Co.; rec t; mus. Feb. 7, 62, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64 ; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64; died of chron. diarr. at U. S. Hosp., Fortress Monroe, Va., Sept. 26, 64. Priv. Walker, Levi B., 43 yrs,, farmer, Fremont, Cecil Co., Md.; rec t; mus. Feb- In. 62, for 3 yrs.; vet.; re-mus. March 16, 64, to date Feb. 29, 64; died of pleurisy at Oxford, April 18, 64, while at home on vet furlough. Priv. White, George, 30 yrs., carpenter, West Chester; mus. Oct. 23, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert, at U. S. Hosp., Hilton Head, S. C., March 27, 63. [Died of chron. diarr. at Hilton Head, S. C., March 31, 63] Priv. Williams, Abner D., 19 yrs.; farmer, Londonderry; rec t; mus. Nov. 18, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug. 16, 64; died a pris r at Salisbury, N. C., date unknown. [Reported Nov. 2, 64.] Priv. Williams, Thomas P., 18 yrs., farmer, Doe Run; rec t; mus. April 7, 62, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; mus. out April 7, 65, at exp. of term. Priv. Wilson, James K., 19 yrs., farmer, Upper Uwchland; mue. Oct. 22, 61, for 3 yrs.; dis on surg. cert, at Hilton Head, S. C., July 24, 63. Priv. Wilson, Joseph C., 37 yrs., mason, Parkesburg; mus. Oct. 21, 61, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Oct. 28, 64, at exp. of term. Priv. Wilson, William, 19 yrs., clerk, Philadelphia; rec t; mus. April 11, 62, for 3 yrs.; tr. to Bat. E, 3d U. S. Arty., at Hilton Head, S. C., Nov. 16, 62. Since joined Drafted and Substitutes. Corp. Casper Rodenbaugh, sub., Nov. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 3d corp. June 1, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Nicholas, Montey, sub., Feb. 19, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 5th corp. July 18, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Samuel Rice, sub., Nov 25, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 6th corp. July 18, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. Richard Bennett, sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; pr. to 7tb corp. July 18, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Corp. John R. Arthur, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 3 yrs.; pr. to 8th corp. July 18, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Adams, John, sub., March 2, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted May 25, 65. Priv. Aldrich, Eugene, drafted, Nov. 11, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65 36 562 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Allen, Washington, drafted Sept. 23, 63, for 3 3 T rs.; wd. in action at Pe tersburg Mine, Va. July 30, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Allen, William, drafted, Oct. 1, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in trenches near Peters burg, Va., June 25, 64; ab. at mus. out; in U. S. Hosp. on acct. of wds. Priv. Ames, John, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Arms, William, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Barnes, John, sub., Sept. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 3, 64. Priv. Barry, James, sub., Sept, 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 3, 64. Priv. Beigle, Lorin, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; wd. in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, 65; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Bennett, John, drafted, Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Billenger, James, drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brogan, Thomas, sub., Feb. 24, 65, for 3 yrs.; rnus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Brown, Charles F., sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 15, 63. Priv. Camp, Lester, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Clark, Edward, drafted, July 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va,, May 20, 64; dis. June 7, 65. Priv. Clark, Hemter, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; pr. to corp April 7, 65; reduced June 26, 65; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Clark, Henry II., drafted, July 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. on surg. cert, for wds. April 8, 65. Priv. Clark, James, drafted, Sept, 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Petersburg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Commell, Edward A., drafted, Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. at U. S. Hosp. at mus. out. Priv. Cook, John, drafted, Oct. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. on surg. cert. July 10, 65. Priv. Davis, James E.; rec t; mus. Jan. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dempsey, John, sub., March 3, 65, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Detwiler, Martin, drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Dixon, Edward, sub., July 24, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; again wd. in action at Peters burg Mine, Va., July 30, 64; died of wds. at field hosp. July 31, 64. Priv. Drum, Peter, sub., Nov. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Duyre, John, sub., Oct. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Sept. 1, 64. Priv. Ebling, Jacob S., sub., March 4, 65, for. 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Ebling, John, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cemetery Hill, near Petersburg, Va,, June 30, 64; dis. for wds. June 27, 65. Priv. Esterlee, William, drafted, July 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; capt d in action at Darby Town Road, Va., Oct. 27, 64; par. Feb. 22, 65; ab. at Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md., at mus. out. Priv. Everett, Robert S , drafted, July 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv, Faber, David, drafted, July 20, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; dis. on surg. cert, for wds. June 15, 65. ROSTER AND RECORD OF SERVICE; COMPANY K. 563 Priv. Fashner, Bernard, drafted, Oct. 19, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at nius. out. Priv. Felmelle, James, sub., July 1, 04, for 3 yrs.; dis. Juno 2, (55. Priv. Forst, Peter, drafted, Sept. 23, (53, for 3 yrs.; ab. siek at mus. out. Priv. Fox, John, sub., Sept. 23, (53, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, (54; died of wds. at U. S. tlosp., Point Lookout, Md., May 23, (54. Priv. Gately, John, drafted, Sept. 24, (53, for 3 yrs.; mils, out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gensler, John, drafted, Sept. 30, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, Go. Priv. Gentry, James, sub., Sept. 26, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 15, (53. Priv. Githens, Andrew, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Gray, Philip, sub. March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. llahn, John, sub., Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 3, 64, Priv. Hamilton. John U., drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Handtou, Henry E., sub., Feb. 25, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. on surg. cert. June 30, 65. Priv. Hart, George, sub., Feb. 28, 65, for 1 yr; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hay worth, John F., sub, March 1, 65, for I yr.; raus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Hilfiger, Oliver, sub., Nov. 21, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 18, 65. Priv. Hurley, John F., sub., March 4, 65, for 3 yrs.: mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Johnson, George, drafted, Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Kelly, James, sub., Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 15, (53. Priv. Kramer, Lewis, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lafort, John, sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lathrop, Eugene, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. Aug. 25, 65. Priv. Lauck, Samuel, sub, Feb. 27, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Law, Samuel J., rec t; mus. Jan. 10, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Lewallen, Thomas, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, 64 ; tr. to 14th llegt. Vet. Res. Corps Sept. -22, 64. Priv. Lyons, Joseph, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted May 28, 65. Priv. Malone, Edward, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted June 1, 65. Priv. Martin, Charles, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 16, 63. Priv. Mayer, Alexander, drafted, Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McElvoy, John, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; died of wds. at Hammond Hosp., Point Lookout, Md , June 7, 64. Priv. McIIelany, James, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Ceme tery Hill, near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 64 ; dis. on surg. cert, for wds. June 15, 65. Priv. McKenny, Alexander, drafted. June 2, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action nt Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va.. May 20, 64 ; died of wds. at Hammond Hosp., Point Lookout, Md., May 24, 64. Priv. McLaughlin, James, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 3, 64. Priv. McLaughlin, Patrick (2d), sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. McVitty, Stephen, drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, <;5. Priv. Meyers, John, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 3, 64. Priv. Miller, Henry H., drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr., d<-sc rted June 12, 65. Priv. Nichols, Kelsey, drafted, Sept. 28, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. 564 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Priv. Northrop, James B., sub., Feb. 23, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. O Brine, Michael, sub., March 3, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. O Donall, Patrick, sub., March 4, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted May 6, 65. Priv. Oliver, James W., sub., Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; died of dysentery at Fer- nandina, Fla., Nov. 25, 63. Priv. Palmer, Reuben N.. drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; deserted June 12, 65. Priv. Pepper, Reginal M., sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; died of diptheria on steamer Ocean Wave, James River, Va., Dec. 30, 64; bu. in Nat. Gem. Fort Harrison, Va., sec. B, grave 112. Priv. Pierson, Samuel, sub., Sept. 25, 63, for 3 yrs.; dis. on surg. cert. Aug. 15, 64. Priv. Redmond, John, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 15, 63. Priv. Reed, Charles F., sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, ? 65. Priv. Reed, Romane A., drafted, Oct. 21, 63, for 3 yrs.; wd. in action at Green Plains, Bermuda Hd., Va., May 20, 64; ab. an acct. of wds. at mus. out. Priv. Savvolts, William, sub., Sept. 22, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Jan. 3, 64. Priv. Scheerle, Charles F., sub., Nov. 22, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Schroder, George, sub., Nov. 25, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. July 8, 65. Priv. Sellers, John; rec t; mus. April 15, 64, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Shipley, William F., sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Nov. 15, 63. Priv. Sigfried, Bennett, sub., Aug. 29, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Smith, George, sub., Feb. 27, 65, for 3 yrs.; dis. June 7, 65. Priv. Smith, William A.; rec t; mus. July 15, 64, for 3 yrs. [Not on mus.- out roll.] Priv. Smoke, John, drafted, Nov. 5, 63, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. Priv. Solomon, Silas W., drafted, Sept. 23, 64, for 1 yr.; dis. June 28, 65. Priv. Steadman, Joseph, sub., July 1, 64, for 3 yrs; dis. May 20, 65. [Known at West Chester as "Brandy wine Joe."] Priv. Strouse, Aaron W., sub., Nov. 18, 64, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Teaton, John, sub , March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Thompson, James, sub., Sept. 23, 63, for 3 yrs.; deserted Dec. 14, 63; ap prehended Dec. 15, 63; tried, sentenced and executed for desertion at Fernandina, Fla., Feb. 7, 64, in conformity with sentence of court-martial. Priv. Thompson, James V., sub., Jan. 15, 65, for 1 yr. [Not on mus. -out roll.] Priv. Thompson, Hezekiah W.; rec t; mus. Jan. 17, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Vangorder, Sylvanus, sub., Oct. 20, 64, for 1 yr.; died of typhoid pneu monia at Wilmington, N. C., May 11, 65. Priv. Watson, William M., drafted, Feb. 22, 65, for 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Weaver, Peter, sub., Nov. 26, 64, for 3 yrs.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Weironch, John, sub., March 1, 65, for 1 yr.; dis. July 12, 65. Priv. Wier, Michael, sub., Feb. 23, 65, fot 1 yr.; mus. out Aug. 28, 65. Priv. Williams, Peter, sub., March 2, 65, for 3 yrs.; ab. sick at mus. out. RECAPITULATION FROM ROSTER AND RECORD. 565 CHAPTER XV. RECAPITULATION FROM ROSTER AND RECORD; TABULAR STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES DURING THE PERIOD OF SERVICE;* IN MEMORIAM, FALLEN PATRIOTS REQUIEM. RECAPITULATION. -. tt a ; zz i t | - / - 2 a f* V o ns f - a to g <o - a a 1 c 8 o - - 5 e RO8TEU. _ c - = .2 0. r "S i k fS 9 ItEMAKKS. w r . <U ^ - ^> . V T) - T - 9 O I T I = 9 3 "3 et a M 5 ^o : tf - ai 3 ~ - o O 33 - o . to i 03 5 ^ - ^ u O - - Q H Q Q ^ E H Field offi rs, 8 1 4 1 a :? 81 pr. tobv.maj.jren. Staff offi rs, 11 1 3 3 3 Ill dis. to accept pr. N. C. staff, 17 3 4 1 4 177 pr. to line; 1 dis. Prin.mus ns, 6 1 1 2 2 6 Cornet band, 28 1 _ _ 23 ! 23J8, s. cert., 20, G. O. Total ap.,pr. 65| :. 7 I 1 9 5 2i 12 05 Ac. for in ag. 15 2 1 5 7 8 Company A, 114 .; 8 31 5 7 55 2 1710 11 114 1 pr. to field. B, 102 ; 8 37 5 12 21 3 28^ 1 26 L02 2 dishonorably dis. c, 104 8 5 - 871 15 48 2 1310 1 7 1H4 1 pr.; Idieduft. di< D, 109 5 . 57 I 10! 23 1 Hi 4 1 87 109 2 died after dis. E, 108 ; 4; 1410 21 27 3 21 11 1 15 1081 killed in camp. F, 10314 5 38 4 10 26 2 20 7 8 1 15 103 G, 105 3 5 33 1 17 2:5 :i 18 7 211 24 H>M dis. Oct. 1, <>.-.. H, 112 * :: 22 1 6 12 :J 2927 3! 2 18 112 1 drowned. I, 78 8 8 29 111 10 3 16 3 2 2 - 23 78 K, BO 5 6 29 :! H i:; 26 9 :! 10 89 1 killed after trans. Total vols., 1039 52 o4 33821 117 25S27 211 78| 80 7 4 195 1039 Ag. accounted for. Dr.and subs. 1 Company A, 106 1 4 7 54 1 7 1 35 106 B, it:, 1 1 11 1 6 is 4 9 5fi 95 c, 113 1 2 14 1 7 81 1 0] 113 D, 74 2 14 1 19 2 81 !:: 74 E, 117 6 5 6 22 4 21 (il 117 F, 93 4 1 13 O * 21 14 57 08 G, 94 2 l 8 4 2:! 2 11 ! 1! 52 04 H, 109 3 1 13 1 6 27 1 15 7i 49 100 I, ; 89 3 1 13 5 22 3 17 88 80 K, 105! 4 10 1 8 21 1 20 2 54 105 Total subs., 9951714 112 15 49 25820 121 11 506 995 Ag. accounted for. *Re-eulisted veterans marked with star ( ). 566 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. "o o >> . -I- 3 p aj M 08 4J CC a 1 .i~ ? of b 8^ p , o j2 ci s "a 03 73 5* 52 C cT o * CO bog 3 P E M^ EE ^ g v g . rt . ^. u M *> "S : ^ X co a, _J 3 ? ~ ^ c s- "3 ^ p o 2 r^ 14 IH a 00 >> "o -2 a< O <u <n lg cb" Lc" 1-1 O HH cc S ^- ^ ^co S O J jfeSiS^-".^^ | 02 IH S^ffi 4-l " co^ e" a " . P r ^ co ^a tc^^^gg (S O ^ d< CO a O -^3 _^ 2 a, 02 -""".2 1 ~ H <^ W ^"^ Z3 2 ^4 < *" r^ cu ^ ^ CO ^_ ^; . GH O cc cu co ^ "^ r co ^ . | ^ o a ce a ^ j~ ? HH .r4 ^ Lj ^ 03 s (C C p} "tTiihS "^ ^ ^ rt .9 ^ .2 I & - 3 . ?rrt "S C cS- r- r - rt .S 5 O "S ^ 3 53 -rt c" lJ -9 _* ^ S S o bOUQ ^fl . -^ . " i i S ^ "" . .9 o co ^ - v d 02 T-H ^ O .^1 *"* It3 O Q HQ 5 jS os6of2S 03 ^ S ^,- a" cS ? _ 5 ^ ,. >> ^ to 5 o ~ ^ 3 o3 3 CD ? ? O CO p <M oo" 10 cT cT TjT O <?* i-H (?} rH T~* CO C3 "S tb si til >> > ^ s p a Q ^ " <1 1-5 S r tT of GO" . ^J- T) ^ _ ^ W) - . *H ^ iS O 2 S OJ r- -3s ! ^ a I -!! -1 a ^ S 1 a| | rt ce w ^3 ^ aT CO 2 12 * * - ^ s 3 1-2 bibb O ^C2 j *-" fcJO s . - ^ a" fc <! K KPn CC* WH h3 5i3 i KGco* ^^ H^K f v * [ H ^ ^q . r oT r ^ r tj bC c" - bo bC 0" - bo c C3 ^ a c3 ^H ri * ^ S-i ^ > ^" ^* r* a *" t~ a ^ s~ o *V -^ . >r ^ >- s cT ^ i-H ?^ ^ J 3 ^" M "! 3 T a *i2 ^ ^j a CO CO S^ o ,s o 2 8 _~^ 1 .S P- 1 ^ CS OJ "^ ^ oi -2 -2 ^ - 5" ffi iT .9 bJD 2 P-i -9 ^ si S jj rj c S a ^ S3 P^ ^ r PH aj MH g M :- 3 S .2 ^^2 ^ S rt S J~ : S^ 5^2 2 -^ "co - J"^ ^ 4: C ,5 ^^ ^^ O .i-H PH r l-^ r i Q) ^ Q^ ^ a QJ pj P ^5 11 cS ^ s- ^0 S t/j aj O> - ta - 00 QP C l|l s a . Q^ ,w "fl ^ ^ S S SH S S g _ 2 5 fafa OOQ co&<; CO fe pHfe; ^4 6 OH Xi i-st^ c^O fnfa <*" -/JO ^ -H ^"3f ^r *"** .^-^T Th" -*" - *" rj *" fl ? p^p p^ o - p PPP ^ 0?^ go P p c o" O5 is" - o ** ,00 ^* od" TOD ^f 1 c<?w ^ o" - co". ^,-os cf C< Oi T-H ^ CO T-* ^^ T 1 C3 T T-H r-1 T ~^ Cv? - T 1 - -~ CQ * T-I o ^ 4-= >^ fan ^^o >~ 43 >> ** ^ ^> fcJD ^ f^ O ^ >J >J ^ 3 * 1^ III III 1-3 Snl-3 1 "3 HS Is 1 s p o 0. o" *^J CO M >J "s >-5 ^ < ^ - 5 s . a? ^ r^ " . *j r - (* r* OH Cl J* CD fl g J2 .2 fl 3 g 3 a to fco fo p- ^- cT c gj a o - ^ -03 "? - !S 3 2^13 3 S ^33 S 06 O - O gs-23;;-" K c?^ 5 C1J .^H " r- ^ tf ^ -c^a ^3 " ^3 r O S <1 O2 fe S O <7>? T-I CJ -A i2 -M CO CO 5 o t- oo fi fa 5 ~ | fe .- en a l-H M HH 7 (*i S !l li E B r~* ^ M ^ -S .^rf a? b- OT a 2 E J2 SI82 "CO S^ rs * ^ fM O) ^2 o) a ^J-tt BqgM 00 C . rtO^ -^ S J rT 2 3 "S S O 1 1* ,a ObS-^ - ^S S S Off aS e ^-l ^ Sfe Daubman, iniel R. Cows tTjJ o" o ;- ^ > 2 P*^ /- C c* ^-- t i EH^ H |W .-, .Hrj *j r frl^sl -Ij 1 ? g^fi.3^S,gSo. S3 ,-^a -.S K SS |l & Ig|S- ~ V? -"^3*1 O P rH O "r^ ^ r^ ^j 7". .( * ?^ * X rt *^ H *^ I-H C ( j^j r t^ ^^ ^ j^ p r O s l o --S C |z; 7; cj n> >3W 3 ^3 3 rt C c3 1 1 111 ^ HH || sis ^MSoQQHfeS * * * * " * ^" - : * * * STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. a* a 1 c-l-g-l I :& S$f i ! * -~x d T^S-a ,.--3 S- & 3 11 .l-sl^-a 8*3 *- v l a .drJ*8^s^ s; - s. ..* y - TH j; s * a Q. p 7;.S* M h _; hH j> gjS^tS ^ S ^f 3.S"l8Ss352?-f Hi SM S ?.S2 CO ^ ^> ^ "^ ^- * * S OD *^ * CD - ;- C en ^ W ^ C3 l^ ^ . ^2 tf> i^ CO *-*rr ,*j gj ^ ^ -7- .- _ _^ ap!V ^ "^ ,^J co tc as _-o ^--i 3! = - s ^ - B ^ B 5 S C - S * c ^ ~. h S^ r.2 .22 O. o >> a .a t," _ _ f W) W. ss ..eS W3 " S ^- 5 tc . ? "1 c."". ".o 1 "". ! i =r 3i ^"^. *~! tc S "^ "2 ~ . S" . S? . S" . a d" DH ^C~J CR fc> u a OJ tO C ^ O iOOt- 11 ~ O , H, , , .- -4. k- Ofa ^J fi S E2**-* -^r *i r T*" o POO op So cS -G"X)_ ^aot-x^. SS59 :i <R OJ^Tj CJl-l- *^ TH-lT- 1 ^ J "^-C CO C 1-1 >-> tb >>>>>> ti >>^> >^ ti ^>^> >> ^ 08 *2 08 .08 3 ti) >> 3. 568 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. imarks. ^"S- g <U g raw 3 ll [H O l-l I|| .2 jgS e|] CO +i *i . T3 . bCbC T3.2^ ; ^ 03 !S 03 O ^ . S TiS^ 03 cjOf., ir^ cocn .3 M S _J i-S >-i o ff -.pHajHHS SS 1 *- ^ ^ S a ^- K S? ^ o g a ft.S o g 53 a PH g .2 ^. ^3-^- 3 ^ M 2 S -^ ^ ft ^S | a 03 ^ .~ co O > S ffi So ; . R g g ~ ad S 5 !> ptS^I^. S| K O CJ h *H ^ 1/1 > S J9 r " . ci ,5 4J ^ *j fl ^" M be be be (H IH tn o . s P aj aj o) ^O "^ ^ r^ rt ^ PH ^ ^ a ^J CUOJ^ 1 ^ Sc^.2~ "*1 & O c; bfl --S m p *" - "CD P 3 "05* ^.y - rt ^P3 aJp-^^o^S ^9 "r= ^ G V3 . % n 5 " ,5 a O p -^ O J 03 CO no *j7j^,o 5 ^5 *- . _ bo aao^i rri- Sa a 03 ^ 5 co i*o jj 8 a a ^n o >> ^a ^ t< fci ^ ScS^;^ ^^.^r ,- MJ C8 .g PH QOO3M p-i!>Q O O^ fe <! S -5 cc 55 H W d^ - rvT "^ ~c ~; *" rt C-1 CD CO CO J? 5O of co cb -^~ co - * co o co" ~ - CO CO w ^ " r. *~ CO 3 ^-oo ^ - -^"aT TH e^ T-H 01 1C - TH CO _ ^ H CO 05 <n 1-H OO a > >? bb ^ *i P t* > - 6 _,- ^j .^H ^^ 3 o o ~ o c ^ CJ CJ Q ^ (*! <j O O^l^ !2J DO O 10" 73 CO <* I 1C o C} Tj* <e 4J *> s a 2 3 co >-5 )H ^ o ^ O S CO ,_r ,_- _, 6 a; b S i * Qj 1 - s S . CO fitf ^^ *^" a^ _bc g a ^.^ o a 03 o . be . o .0 o 3 *t "^ """! 4-^> Cj -4-3 QJ 4-5 O (^ pq ^h^Jfe l-^ C/3 PH hJ PH W i 1 PH PH 5 3 pi d S ci 05~ OT bO " ryf .2 .9^5 "5 Ojco bO"_: t3_;bC aj C: _G _g SH jj a p- a _g ^ a d a ? 3 ? 49" c *"* 3 **"" 1 GJ) .^4 ^5 5j "^ ^T^ ^^ ^j r >s fcH w ^^ ^" T^ co ^-i ^T~" ^ :3 rt Z^ ^ 55 ^ ," r "t ^ ^ cc v^" o d be be ^ OQ 05 o fcJD^^ *"* f-T" cC ""* ^T* cC ^ ^D ^ 02 (-..,, ~- HH . *-- 1 ., ^ *-* fc- O ^ 7^ M d 4 ^ r-( r- *J ^^ CO -* 3 S jj^,-,^ g -s P-i J ^ 42 111" =! ^ sJfS l E ^s" 05^-"^ s^ ?r^ fl ^ P^ ^ i P- 1 - tc ^" l C 5 u ^32 2 S^.S g^^Si "S .9 -*^CJ"03 [^ COOQ M "S "S ^ C "Q Jj_ QOn^ ^GnO OSOi^j OH Q O ptiDnO^icC O fa O ^ TS S S P P eo" .-M" "^ ^ ^ of^" ^ _ 1 r- ci ^*2 co cp co co co cp g cp )C * TjH T)H -* * S co to co co co co ;- T3 d co co TH ^ ^ oj .x- o" o" o" c"o" o".- o" ^ CO TH TH Ci TH CJ COgT T- locTcT o" QD O"^" ^H CO 03 (M TH CJ * o >> >> *, a o 3 3 5T 3 3 w CPw O >^OU^ O 3X> g a ^ a a ^J a S-3J? S" vJ^ l-s HS CO i-si-sfe >-5^-S -^1-5 S 1-91-9 1-3 O 1-5 ^-j >-s f^ ^ r*i F*< PH . rfi cf T|i S SP t3 CD *" 2 cT o" o> H _u"O-t TH (M 3 >^ * a^ 0) r? o . a d 3 GJ -3 3 -S02 >-B ^5 ^ - g* g- g-lS ^-r a-r ^r -" ^ c cp^ OOCOQ^. O g O g g "co ^ ci co- OOOOo.- O a" ^ a a a ^ P5 _ _ ^ _. ^ i-t ^ r* r 1 ^ 1 f^ rM Q i ( o 5 o a; C Tt* 1C CO l> OO O 1O ^ 2 q 1 -o r fe 1" a t-T .-c fl - < a> ||| 5"l| ;-- ^>; a a ^ - t: -* a ^ o^ | >> S"a p^w g,^ 00-3 S S C3 ~;s ^ t |s"-cs Q 4 f c "1 iS 5 S 1 p""* * 1 ^ *" p J* ! ! s jj g ! J3 ^H fc gSfeppSo.^ S K^w^o 3 06 -r^ShS . - ^" 1fc ) >l g ^= a^l^l g: 5o3 a fSa -^2 - &SG^ : . i^l^^i^^-i ^H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ p>- ^ f-> lH^HOS~to;3rt>> t<33 ctlJ fcC ^^_f-(-33^H CSrtJPni-s -i^Ql^l-j rt 0"--32CJ^C^ C0^.3a K OSnsO^^P^OQQ QQQQS wwdoffiffiMWW J * *_* * ***** * **** *_*__*__* * * STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. oo ,a -, tc o _; _ c i. c _ ; ^ j ij "A X ^ 2 *- o o . c - ? to - - -; . / r ?? SU s jS" 2 -^ s a- ^e K i 2 w 3 i b O 5525 2~ O 2 /- T-I ?3 ^ V, .50 s c< i-> n O Ol _dT ^* P g S"S g S" O K^ ^ 3 -S . a g 3 g c i: := ;r ; * e to ? . - h w S >-. OS - 3 3 ,. 3 570 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 03 a, O 1 " f g H 04 09 > i a 5 b J ^ CJ CD CO 03 id D ~ fl S a ^ , o ^ 5. rq r jG ^ /. ^M CD GO U HH ^ ^ Q "g "g Su o fe "^ w "^ CM ^ a ej 2, fl - 2 ^H CO ID | _id C3 ^ . QI O cc d . .CC^-^ a *^ ^ 3 CO ^ GO ^ ^ ^ o3 K c3 . cc 1 Lo b- a| i. c ~ 1^ ft B S- M CO ^H V ^5 T3 T3 P C? -t^-co.S^^p ^ ^5 ,0^ S OjP JS H if S M o3 O g b- """^ *" Dd * _rt * fl fcf} S rr- r ^ " HH 4J + ^ , . 5 ^ ; -H ^3 S .1 * -5,^03 r "Si J <M ^ a ^ &, *- Sod ^oi^^ad CM > r SS . a> ^ w olj-oSoa t ^r ft H-] a ^ . !_ , ; r r r ^J ^ cu *-s cT f 2 6 "^3 to ^ ^ a " | ^ a ^ ^^ p 2^ ~L sJ > r: S CD be o ^D . CO -^ O CM T i .rf^O^^COHH ^4-s+j > OQ h " T3 - CO ^ 03 ~- ro O OCL, O3 S CU PH PH O-i O-i " K <i (5 <d <J 5co QpT ^ O r^ ^ 5 Q a CO 05 c* C<j CO c O CJOCO CO CO P M --T CQ V5 M CQ CO 3 cT r-t CO CO -^ ^4~T-i cj co OT v (M _ x d" 45 fl >> t4 _j ^ ^ > > j>> 5 CD &H c3 1-5 ^"a^ S h^(*i O J ^ X "3 , l-i 00 S - H -*^ ^^ G CO P <H o >" S a C<J <M W ^ ^ ^ *> 5 rt o? S & S ^ l-s GO to o" a (C ft be ft ^"co - . .$ -a S -fig fefll - 1 - & a" c d" CD a V r^"2 -S " bD 3 ,S O -uT ,a J5 r-T 2 .9 m ^ !H *r ci g -g^- 5 cd a o -* a ~ cs c bfl~] a S "o -g .2 Q fc J ^ N * O " - ^ jj O O o , * h^ fe K C^ l^i^fe h3 b aT r / . 2" CD r 53 (^ ^^ a " o3 r a ^ .3 CO ^tt) O> -~^ CSK>.Cj ^^ u i what actit 1 c3 3 ^ ^ S o 53 "^ coOt/jdj^~c3cc !>- *^t> CO F 5 a ^ a 03 o ?r a .- a n, *T ^S SS-g^S sPs7 ^S,gJE a S^W^i& OS SS^ ^ S r! " ^ ^^ S cfl 7. M c5 S en i ^ GO en Plains. 3rsburg M <t g co = 1-1 ce co 55 S H cc QJ ^_^ c^ co Q} co F-^ ?3 o a -*-> a c> j^ N cc T7 O *J , ^ r^ M 4^1 Q J-H ^J J_j o s-i o o i t-i j oa aj IH fe jJ 5 Q C tH CD ^* fci fe O PH &H O ^ O &H O GO O OOi O OGG &H ^ Eq fcj PH *-s o 09 to CO ^H" ^l-f CO O CO co co co o *~5 2 o 5 co J co 5 s 5 s C? SO -r co -*"^" CO O TjT o T3 a KT o~. o~ic"-. o od o oo -*c"- C5 o" t ""o :o M 00 -/; o~cT. 10" a 1-H C?J - CO T-H - C^ TH C J T~< ^^ ^~~^ G^J -* ^^ CO ^^^ G^ ^"^ T ~"^ C T-H T CJ CO - o * a 53 h-j 5 3g ^ -s i-s >^ >i >> >> S bn >> to > S >> bb-s c3c3c3"3T3 p rtrt ^ajT S S S l-s <1 S - e <l-Ti-jS <! *1cO U 5 >> - l"^ CD a a ^*" CO a "* cu Qt? S t^ OJ S .* 3" -gj wj^boi-g rT a a^ftftft& a" d eS S " "^ 12 ScOcCrnr^ - Or^Or^QOOQ .-^S- - - - - - M M h ~ CD ~ - eo- , *j> _fl rt rt .j (-, o CO T3 75 73 73 co D <N 1-H CQ io ^ 10 TH yj r-HC^ScO-^ict^CO S&J of c3 a __ ^ a" CD ^ -2 - ^ r . W"J S^f S rd ame. g|l 53 2 o S .tT cT ? Igslllll f . rfl?^ r 3 ^III^SII l s.1111 Francis, $** C3 flj ""^ a ,^5 ^ p 09 *-i U /. C -. c3 ^ 2 a" ^ s* 5 w ^.2 - ^"^ aid" .2 || fc 3 OK -j . PQ ^ >->^ k-j-^M^ -^co P- 1 ^; ^5^5 ^-W P , H O ,J? 7 tA _ 22^ ? s"S p -2 S<i a S^ 5 ^ H^H^ S ? 1 ^- >- q" S)^= r r ^ aT >; S -^ i g o a _ - l i I||.||^Q| ^ fllJ? 1 | | ^ ^ UJ" If | 1| * K O S M H O O * * * * * >^M ^ S ^ ^r^^ S PH STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. 271 t3 75 d g .,5 6 14 - 09 js S^^ ^ g- J=GQ a 3 ^ ?H 4 d ^a .sia U-marki*. i i .2 & o S 3 , cc ^ j i to * ^8 H^3 3 O ~ ^S fi - "S * 5 s "^ b . o 13 . af O j 3 mpton Ho Ncwbern 7 _ i> " v kT O > a" . oi 005 w ^> t. 5; u ;. S,_; U,_; 2 -^ -^ c C3 U - W J3 . -. ^ a "3 be "- ^p u > u ^ t .2 tc g co .2 ,0 .2 Cis C .;-~ > ."O t ~ T * ^5 _, 03 .S 3 j 03 : | .2 a 5 " o 5" " ) a g - o 5. .2 C Q -ri w ^" 2^"y H 4 ^ r-^ ~-3 5 S J c >> ^,5u 3Qco <JO HO . 3 0*5 cr!r- 5 ^ H .2 j > :- IhL *" 3 C *"* i e eo" o P PP p to " s p 5 CJ CO CJ OS GO Oi 1-1 CO 2 0* -^ c o 1 bo > ^i bb bb-S 5 3 s o e 3 3 >i 05 51 - a 3 ^3 ^ CO ^3 ^3 32 "-9 -B " <*"< "^ >-s *? .- S" a to * w O 3 S T 1 e s. S C. i) 3 a CO J < i s ** ~f c I-." ,_- ^j- C ~-c bo 5 b to a */ go 3 3" * O , *"* CJ "^ ^" S ~ s z o ni g ^ 3 CO bC Z. <JK 2 3-5 = Jl: 5s co <u ? 3 t> t tO ti H k-. IM d ? 33 J J J * 5^ X ^ J"} X t en * x ~ oT , m >~ r-- ** ^ zj 3 72 S "* 00 C CO CO 2 i^ / ~ 3 ^4 a f-4 __ ^"* ^< a u ^ fcfl >- " Ui t- -~* bo .- S- 15 C3 ^ O P-l *? s^ * " p^^ Q ty E - 2 E^E 3^ 3? c3 PH- * f a *on CM CH g - 1 a V 22 "i P 2g S a o . s " .2 UH 3 S >t( i- ** o u "g a) o ^j M CJ Ui CJ fc- ^, O Cu S5 OS? J<5 O i, cfcc CUO _- EE -*" - ^^r ^^r^,-^; ^y j- S " ^"* 1T^ "^TjT ^" H ~ ;> t P ^." p ^ CO 4O o o o <0 ? O O .s . .""" ^ . . = gw" g i c - 55 g ^ w O o* <? |^o ft fi - ^g 2 o > >"g >> >> tb >> >> >> >, >>>>>> 2 > > 3^ a - 333^^3 3 t^ *^ ^^ ~J^ -8 S 33 a -8 "-8 >-S s S p S p i o" cT TO ,-- r 10 . 09 3 - 3 ?q * I-S ^ -8 .M g 3" - 5 tj c - - . " c "S Ou U- "H^ X 3 a .Q ,- - ^ = " ^ U S 1-3^-. -O- ^ -3 ^J a ^ M . 2 &4 r -<" ^ z: # >^ ^g x o" 3 i - a !i"2 -J H ^ 5"E . 5 i .| s" S * ll ^ *** * tZ --^"E^c;"? u o^ Q "2 " rf 5 8 t7 U ^ ;; - H-o*? --2 ^ ^ - -."*" ""^ ^^ 7* e ^ ^ M* ^- a* tf O ? i> 55 . "^ r u w "^ * i^ "Z^ CJ v. W [*r t-^ ^^ r ^ * * >-^ X ^^ IT* *^ a J5 *" ^_ ^ . . ^. r/j QJ ,^_J , ._ 2 S ^* o ^^ t-^^* ^^ " ^ ^Tm*4 ?$ ^ ^^ ^^ y * " .^ S - *-* ^ r t^ - ^ J r^ O ^^ l ^1 ^" /* w 5; * *" 3 S ** **^ m ^^ ^ " ^ O *" -: ^ " ? C3 ^T *^~ x* b 3 33.- (T a JB S S *< ,- *r 5 JS "^ 5S^ = -=ii: ^^^^- -rs^c rv^s ~ -=SoS= ^occ^-^r- 5 " ~~ rr" r~ ** ** * -ScooC CCc/: p H H H ^ ^ ^ iri s * 2 ? H-? uT= Pt i; eS C ^MK S 3 2 ? XK cT t" I i 5s If,. 03 ^ Gfe X x ^ C -"-* s r^ ^ ^ 572 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. - 1 t, o a> " a. cn oi T3 T 3 . . -. H < -- rl fL, PM PH PH O PH PH Pi P-i PH >J Q M fe O O <J O t>> "3 -9 ^co co" i w I <7J >-> 2 3 3 2 a-Saa ^ a To 2 03 03 03 PQ 5 K O a O ,0 ^ . O ^ - ci a 03 O , ,5 ,5 . ^ ^ o K^ o ^^ 03 ^-^ "^ KT* n o " p. 03 ""* ^ o ^^ *""* ^ ^4H ^ *^ " ^ .r -^fi ^^ ^ ^ ^ eo o co coco o co J o coco g co p JP co cop ^ o ^^ O 1 10 ^^ ^^ l > QO 10 o GO ^ 1O ^^ CO CO cTio a g . ti g o " " - a us ^ a .- ! 03 C3 Ss i 1 * * 4*1111 _- ^ S o O ^" 5"S ^ _o ^ ^ o S "3 "3 3 pqpqpqpqpqpq * * I STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. 573 .- -- 1 i . * - O = o ^ - c a -00 .2 ~ N*H ^ j* fc ft ^ L 12 u 1 "* c P^ - ~ I QJ Q} CO c; *> Q i?. ""I u l d"o - o r 5 * * ** <gj , If C u S o oa. (3 5 Q -. a tc - - ~ ~ - .= I Cl o> S5 ^ "" T? r - ^ 5 tc 5 ~ c a S J B S H ^ -= r Jb M C3 "I " S - . Sd -S S - "r. s s^ ^1 u S3 S r x t ~ D - c v = : j.5 ^S ~l oT ... r r ti .- ti aS a - a . 8 ~ 5 ., B - 5? 9 s = s^s ^ ss - K CBS > : S ^S S B.^ "^ L. r -^ . * i.f^^ i- _* ~ c ~ . J; r 3i.^i, gfljg o ^ 3_ o 3 x f-i o> -" . 2 i-Sa-. 5ZS5 "S |J5 en cy "stslg S SSgogSslsos cjssg ^ fs-^||ll-J a^QfaooQ Cu ^3^. QEfaS-O ^i-s&Hfag i clrbc s ! 3D t,.^,- C^o^- 2 ^ -ft - ^ - x. j cs <i ^ d ~ u S- ti r tc .; : t- 92 t- { _5~5^>-5.- p "x "^ "7. .r , -! -n _ ^ - -JU S - . C ~) -- ~, ^ =0 . - L_I i i w O ^ B "u ? . " M - u .= - a, 3^S^-"E o ~ o i: =s c OEfaCn ^Q^atSjg ; -o o BO 2 3 ^^ 5^/5 333 ^ 3 3 J3 *< bC 574 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ^ i i o o -M t) HH .11 ^ .- w _: o OQ CO 03 _ . 02 . OJ M tn O C c3 .3 O a fi" v" ft - ^v" | 51 g tf 03 ^ o MW !zi S S a o K 1 1 si s SI SB 8 8 j llslllilll, II ccO CO (^ So O r O CO TJH QO 10 c ^ *" . p * _r&n _ T3 -g - j- 2 s ^3" o a o . fe 2 - = (^ 0-6 | 1 . STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. 576 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. ^ a ti ^ & "S ^Si -s a 3 bC 5 ,S -^ a S O kjQ rj OJ C3 ^ d ^^ ^ HH ^ , < feH \U fl -4-3 . "3 .S d ^ g ^ _ g|u Si S a fe 15 ^ rT^ ^ o3 co 43 rT 1 ^ S C | A ^ | C S "o g* 5 S , ^^SaS"c3 M HH PH ^ H s 3 . rrt CO Or. ~^rt ~ ~n *" X^ *~* o M go >, d g r^ O 1^ 42 co bJD O . v, ^ ^ 4_; -g r-- x3 -^ "o * S a o a** ^^ a .2 03 5 a 3 P "3 1-1 50 Ji 2"^ r^ -1 d | OQ 4/^0 3 ^ J +1 2 * -5 ^ ^ ^ "&^S a S ^ ^ D ^ c B S ^"3? " ^ "-r a)*^. oS2 3S oca 3-^73 o 5-^ rcS cOT}<(/3 *a * . coco 0. gco. O-^f_. ^ S rf * g . ;- >rH ^_, .r-l ;_, O rH . . c *r! 5 .. .co >>^ E9 , - 2* ^ M !-( 0^ t-i *^ ^ t-i - rl KV rt S-t F-H 73 ^ P^Pn O 1 1 f 1 P i O P i 3-i PH & i50-i inij P-iO hinP5Q P-i OOO o> aj-as Sf e co ? o " , 5 S*^ d" o *7^ r ~^ O< 3 O fa 02 *" 3 CO s *M -I-H" CQ T3 <^ >, i5 03 g DO* a" - ja " IQ *" . C ^73 &e ^.jq " oT .- co^,aj4JQj.-, r- ^2 cici- tJ ^* j ^; fi -< CB tH "o " *a be ^ n S be o3 C tb - ^ ^ . 3 *C 3 n " C s d ^ 3! 8 -JJ^g, .25 3^^^^^ -0 -<{ g^a ^ --S.2 2^ 2-SSo^o S S gg S a !5 i_qpd;cac3 SK^q^ Kcc^ JO^ cocD_WfcjJ^ M <!W Wi-^^1 <j iat action. sf^sl^s co" be cr7 .- ^ 2" "! rri co" .2 3 ..2 ,_-,* . .*. flf .,_- _3g . , .2 S Sls^flS^-S^sSs^SW^aflfl ;r ^ 5 ^ ^S^^IS s^ cj^-^p:3 |-=^ s|3 ** - : - > ; ^ S ^ 5 flw S ? ,g . S S 5 S S E - ^ A g 2 o ^ g TH ^g g ~ "1 t! ? %. -c S a "1 "s " a - ^ -S j= ^ s ^ ^j a r-l ^J C3 -^ CU co oso3 tca$.";j^ .S^.sS cocuaS^soSaj Sa) 03 g rH F-I ^* -*- o3 ?H 3^ rt ^J O SH CD Q J_ ^ ^ Q ^.J j in S-i CP O ^ -2 ^ -"^ ^ 03 ^i ^ ^> ^i-Xft^QO^iOpiiO fej n |X^ [3^ ^^ ,^^ ^^ ^^ p^ r^ rh P_^ ^^ ^^ |^ ^^ p j ^J) ^^ ^J ^J ^j H^ d* 99 ^"srJ^f -WSJ 10"-^" o P 5 s o ?o P o S ^" ^rg"S P^pPP o S SS ? CO - " *""" " ~ " "B fl D o SgV- ogfoo - - QO- ^co"o" ^ooS2"2 oo i2 o"z>o" ---H- co^nsvf ^ ^H^ ^OJ" -i-i cj 1 ^ oa ga e$ O fc |1I^ -slM! 1 Si-TCCO l-s*^^ K s^ ^h^^ ^ kQ3 v ^ ^ t*^ ^1 t*~ **"* -e ^5 "^ r^ ^> r^ > ^ ^^ 1 >^* jj r^i p^ L^ a^JS D L2aT3L23 if^SiJi 1 :- 1 ^ 3 g v^S^ -^^cCi-DS^ S S^-r r^O^ *-? ^ TJH~ * ,r _4T ^ * Sg S d *~ " r- f 0) o" c - " " - If 3 >> a II % 5i <j -^ 1-5 ^02 O J4 * a B 1 S 2 C00o0"^- 0- - - - ~- - cS Oj^"^ !H *^ ftO O Q o (5 ^ " pi" " " " > " " M c3 r-^ *^ O cy r 5 tc -0 r3 -e 5 5 ^ )F O c* i-t O 3 O U5 i I CO C?1 CO CO t-O DH ^ C3* Q .2" r r . r . .*+* j_r ;_, "fe ** ^K O ^ l-al i_T (x a> T 1 C p tA.2 S i" , ^ b J" a 1 I 2 *- i ^ ^ s -^ 43 a ia o" 1 ^ . | a^ S S n o c 5* -^W ^rw ra 2 S bc^ a-co 5" SrSx 1 e EH S- "- 0^42 fe.^ S o 2_,-oE > S 1 1 S ^ "3 ^ Ma HH ^ ^ S^ - ^^ oPH^^opt5^ "S aj-Q "s ^,i ^ EM p o i^ ^. co co i ~j CL " r ~; S*^^" 1 " t^-^" oa " r*ifl" S v " OrS^ --u" " S tS ffl C^ *^^ ^ o3 C3 P-H HH "" 5 ^^ /N t^ ^^ C^ 03 03 ^"^ " 52 rH ^ *~~l *-* 3 ^^ " -P ^s 2! cs ^ a 1 2 * 2 1 11 l" Ss "o"^ ^ S I 1 -S* P!H H|J | Sr 1 ***** #** ** *** * STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. 577 O JB *O ti ^ SS ^11,11 II fr - , .* ^ >H - *** X ^N ^1 "- N S O H ^ "N ZM r^o^ o.2^ u ajjas pfl JfS E^ S* ^ 578 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. * o o CO ^ " d CJ 02 r- O ;=3 0,02 o o ~3 9 _p "a, 03 O . . to o 2 * t! o -a := *> . H hS o rO 03 c3 r^H <i> 03 3J O O M a c3 "So 9 2 o 9 a t~B 13^ S I P QJ CO J^ ^ H S PJ^J |<sj rfl 8 . o fcb be . > 03 a to 5 . s bflO PQW J pq PS W W M PQ ,3 CO P_ b 1 a P o> Q O 11 tc i G3 2 2 M oi 03 tn E S ^ o OH S^E a a 0> S < OJ ^J QJ O) ^h- 5^^ oaou >- KSSS .SWo^-f-ifi^ oj OOOO^ . ^ = X - J QJ - m 3 r^ O O f3 - > OQ - OOOO c3 " - v. - OJ O \^ o f^ C -^ GO O o d OO-i !H ^5 a" Ij^Hg-E O) CO QJ S S.-S P^> d i^ * t: ^ cs d is & co ^3 w cb^o * fcJO P "5 x> N - 3- ". OC5W aTaf " aa-S-a STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. 579 JS - - = -^ "" Ss S g * Kcmnrko. i . os 3 o i* 2 & Eg - 9 & C fl O ^^ r* * * 5 s MM 3 T rT O , 1! t[ c* -" ^ o g!2 b ~ .^~ n ; 3 tO^O fe P- J JU -*OoB- ^KW U S^ ^ .2 : fe t; /. . J2 ; eo Q . ^" QB CD ^ ft, fc OB bj/^^ 3 I* ^ , ^3 El | *.!* c PU : ^ 55 .2 o < S "S - fe e}.? 1 -- -"e] Is- "t^S^ fc5 1 *3* -H O of Q H-( 57 c^ o ^^ ** o c ^ .= d_| oO So-jO" .j ^o&.2 a Q o^-oi 3 >J c0 a s ^" ^ ijs^l CO ^ P 0.-E rf - JS * fl 5 -2 GoBA O Q c^5,5(5o t3Q tSiSS^o . .2 ^ 3 t. - - &Q ^ -jJMHQ-sJ eo ^* /vT W W* rf - s 9 o g ? ? u. iO ~ 5 p _ ; 5 CD i /^f *^ C^J CT*^ H (M / . . of at? N I-H e" 4 u V * <3 ^ ^ ^ o u * o o bio >> >. 3 a Q O i-j Q f^jKZi ^1 S S a S* ^ _j- o" e CD S r- v. o" - o r>r o ^ H 2 rH o w a bb .j c 5 3 - 5 5 03 "-S >o" \\ *" I_" 03 . caa L 3 B E -""" .. i bo S a -- ja" -^ J 2 t* - <r "3 co . ^ j *"* ^5 CD ^ T ~~ t i?jj if iiS oj^: o-o -^ ^ 0) . M ^^ fli rtj > j 3 75. w r-* (J3S3 <J WiitJ J i-3 -3 u3 J <1 S - EM tf cc iJ " c^ i-3 oT aT o" to OB" CJ Q - _ = - jT - S = - -d cT.S .5 .go w ES 5 rfSrf lj 3 5! 3 *^ TZ: 3 j; E~ ~3_^ .^ S C"^"^ > ^ ^ , C ^ H i is 5 T i .S 5 S > -^ S S ?! tFji S T S V^fe T!, 3. C 3 eS ^ X A . ^" C H^ n "* * co ^ HH OB OB ^ ^ . 3 ^ ^ **"* MQ M ^ S M c. 3 ft. 3 -, "fc -< ~* S * _ " "i-, S>"fc, "i, ^ S^.CH 2 ^ 5 u "co 2 * 3 o 3 8J to 3 fjca SJ u 4 4J> "S Sl S t "^ i> f ca u S ^ C e o ^ S o i; o cS^ B^cfi to^GJ^jCuss^co 3 en 3 i; cj c - w - s- O O *-> U t- i, O Et, O O cr. S O r/[ i, ^ ~ ~ ^ Z S. : J_ ^ ofefca c>cuo d ^ -f -^T ^r . ^j-- . - ?o . 1>t ?"gsS tffiti t 35 T(T o ^T -^t" 5 o p - - c wgg" S lrg . g ^ GOo oOoJ-f 00 g S ocT rt c~ o TO ^1 rH CO c ^ ^ a> ^ 5J ^ .^ . ^^ 55 ^^ C3 fc^ Q) * 3 ? 2 g- ? ^"B 1 ^ 3 " 3 * 3 3 "S ^S* SSt-s i-aaoS -5^1-5 1-5 ^ - ^ -r S S a 5 o" W ec s" k 3 w . >1 -3 a i> 5 d j< a W dT > TS > . S O 1 -? " 2 r* 8 r d - . OB" ^ B .B ! 1 illiil j s^a^ H .r c_! sj ^ 5? "~" S - ""o^Sa o =- -s>2 5^s *f - s g IB j # a ^-50 ^ .g o s ^ cc 5 .~S ,;.= * rfl - s ccc-2 .os "- .;= c-rF^ s i t ^" & ** J^ cS "" ~ * ^""* *^ ^ *f* *^ ^^ * ^^ ^*" ^3 S**" *" ** "* *^ * ^^ ^^c2 >;-s". * ^ *"" "^ -^^ ^^ P^ ** ^ " G ^ -?.^ ^ V ^^ j - ^^" *i V "* X OQ *r* S 7i mill I lf^lll ||| lllll ^ 5T *" * *"" ?* "~ r * *" ^aeacassuiS^ 580 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 03 "P, K * V S GO 0) ^ S C a o _ c _: ra 03 sj ZZ OJ 03 p, C3 M a cS t ^ O j PH r/i O ^ T7 PH PH Remarks. O &i r 3 . C- qj r CJ r2 d a! ^5 C ^; " PM g "3 e S fc SH C S < "5 Q* r~ r ^ c3 . S crnaudinjl. ., Morris I: sp., Pt. 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Morton Robert Trowlan *Thomas Creigar ) OJ LI ^ ^2 S cd co ..- o ^^ * * Charles Stewart Harry Hunter, "William T. Tho A.HOS G. Webb, William J. Dun Dicker. Willian *Donovan, Jame *Everman, Evan *Gaul, David W. a ^ a ^ "3 - 1 .a 1 ^ S l> q 5 a ^-55 frfi83o 11 ll-ssf |- "o O ^e .gs , OP - U M _r gw^g^ l-^fel^ i S)if ^ %"p ft O Ssf , CT pj a"i "^tS Bf S.HS s >;s a -g i^S Si? ^^ .^ 11111 q<|pqpqo STATEMENT OF MORTALITY AND CASUALTIES. 6 .2 -3 -") i-i 08 d "" aeo .2 .SB QQ 83 rH A K 3 " : e -_. > >3 13 .3 .! odoQ r o , . 04 o>J 3 it , * OB E ^ ^ ^ ^ 2 ~ .5 **^ t^ 5 22 .2 "3 g ^C^ QQfc So S- t a g.2 .2 fl w tb S a si 5^^ O c3 ^5 S 1=0 O -2. < I -3 to A H e a^ r <ci o a 3 P5 _** . gT V V OB a? S.2-.S .2 coO ^ O 55 O Q O fc cu to eo co p co ;? O" Ot-"0 O;roo c= a S O O O G3_. ~ - So > "5 S 584 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. .2 -* 4J r O Ord ! - COoj _: CO 2 J>} 73 BO 5 rtQCDCD. 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FALLEN PATRIOTS REQUIEM. COMPOSED AND ARRANGED BY Adagio. MRS. NETTIE LEVENGOOD. ; e RETURN OF THE BATTLE FLAGS. 587 CHAPTER XVI. RETURN OF THE BATTLE FLAGS, JULY 4, I860. N July 4, 1866, in response to the request of Gov. A. G. Curtin, the battle flags of the Pennsylvania regiments were returned to the custody of the State authorities for preservation. The occasion was one of enthusiastic interest in which the citizens of SI* Philadelphia and the State united to give a grand ovation to the veterans, who were gathered from all parts of the old commonwealth to bear their tattered war-worn banners through the streets to the hallowed shades of Independence Hall, where they were to be consigned to the hands of the War Governor who had entrusted them to their custody at the beginning of the war. It was an event long to be remembered. The war-worn veterans marched with the old steady step as when they bore their colors to the front, and held them aloft amid the iron hail that tore their banners into the shreds that now floated in the air from their shattered staffs as they passed along the streets, crowded with hosts of loyal and patriotic hearts, that were gathered to give their appreciation of all the sacrifices and toil that had been the cost of the war, in which these proud banners had been borne aloft to victory and to peace. The 97th P. V. was of the number that participated. About one hundred of the original officers and men of the Regiment met at West Chester, on the morning of July 4, and proceeded to Phila delphia, on the West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad, being under the command of Brevet Col. I. Price. Upon arriving at West Philadelphia, they were joined by other members of the Reg iment. The line was then formed and the Regiment marched over Market Street Bridge, thence to Twenty-first Street and to Walnut Street, where it joined the line of the parade, Col. Price having been directed to report to Maj. Gen. R. Patterson, to whose division 588 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. the Regiment was assigned. The parade marched over the desig nated route, arriving at Independence Square, at 2 P. M., where the troops were closed in mass within the enclosure. The regiments being then called by number, the old and battle-torn flags were re turned to the hands of Gov. Curtin to be preserved in safe custody at the State capital, at Harrisburg. An effort was made to get an accurate roll of the names of the members of the Regiment in attendance upon this occasion; but it was only partially accomplished, as many failed to report their names to the officer in charge of the enrollment, and it was found impossible to complete the list in the line upon the march. The following is the list so far as obtained : Brevet Col. Isaiah Price, commanding 97th P. V. Brevet Maj. David Jones, late quarter-master. Surgeon P. J. Nichols. Drum Major James St. John. Company A 1st Sergt. Henry T. Gray, color guard;. Drummer Willie St. John; Musician Edward R. Eisenbies; Privates David M. Taylor, John Mercer and William H. H. Starts, color guard. Company B Sergt. Gerhard Reeder, color guard. Company C 1st Lieuts. Henry Kauffman, Jr., and George W. Abel; Sergt. Isaac A. Cleaver; Corp. Davis O. Taylor; Privates Edward Mendenhall, Emmor B. Hickman, William D. Thomas, John L. Kitts, Francis Hoffman, Asher M. Kinnard and Samuel A. March. Company D Capts. William S. Mendenhall and Isaac B. Taylor. Company E Drummer Charles Riley. Company F Capt. D. W. Clinton Lewis; Sergt. Thomas Evan Brown; Musician Thomas St. John. Company G 1st Lieut. Gasway O. Yarnall; 2d Lieut. William H. Eaves; Sergt. John Ray, color guard; Corps. Eli B. Grubb and William H. Cox; Private William H. Snyder. Company H Capt. Theodore M. Smedley; Sergt. George H. Cook; Corps. Isaac T. Massey and Abner Evans, color guard; Musician Milton S. Taylor; Privates Ezra Sullivan, James G. Ford, William H Hardin and John J. Mcllvaine. Company I Sergt. Horatio A. Powell. Company K Capt. William S. Underwood; 1st Lieut. William M. Sullivan; Sergt. John M. Farra; Sergt. Joseph K. Montgomery; Corp. Barnett R. Rapp; Musician John Kauffman. PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. 589 CHAPTER XVII. PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. HILE Col. H. R. Guss was the commanding officer of the Regiment there had accumulated a fund. from the percentage levied upon the monthly sales of the sutler, for the benefit of the Regiment. This fund amounted, on June 23, 1864, to about eighteen hundred dollars. Previous to Col. Guss return home it had been forwarded, for safe keep ing, to his bank account at West Chester. On August 14, 1864, there was received from the post treasurer at Hilton Head, S. C., eighteen hundred and thirty-five dollars and fifty-two cents ($1,835.52), being the share due the 97th P. V. of the post savings upon the settlement and distribution of the fund at that post. This sum was received of the post treasurer, Lieut. Col. W. F. Bennett, by Maj. I. Price, and by him paid over to Col. G. Pennypacker when that officer resumed the command of the Regiment. Owing to the large number of casualties in the service, to loss from discharges, and the muster out of those whose term of service had expired, but few of the original officers and men would much longer remain in the service. Not desiring to retain the cus tody and responsibility of so large a sum during the active opera tions just commenced north of the James, Col. Pennypacker called together a few of the officers, on August 23, 1864, to consult in regard to the disposal of the fund. It was then determined to dis tribute the amount in his possession to the several companies of the Regiment as company fund, to meet the present wants of the men. Reference was then made to the fund in charge of Col. Guss. Col. Pennypacker suggested that inasmuch as the original men of the Regiment, for whose benefit that fund had accrued, had become so widely separated and many having fallen in the service, rendering it impossible to make equitable distribution of it it should be 590 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. devoted toward the purpose of a Monumental Fund, for the fallen of the Regiment, to be completed when the war was over. This pro position was received with united favor. Col. Pennypacker com municated to Col. Guss the action of those present upon the sugges tion, when that officer forwarded his concurrence in writing and proposed giving his check for the amount in his hands. It was, however, decided by the council of officers to let the fund remain in Col. Guss possession at interest for the benefit of the object in view. There was no further action taken in the matter until the spring of 1867. A few of the surviving officers of the Regiment then met and it was decided to call a meeting of all the officers for consul tation in regard to the erection of an appropriate monument. Public notice was given through the papers of the district, ap pointing the meeting at West Chester, on April 6, 1867. An ab stract of the proceedings of that and subsequent meetings held, is here given: The meeting, April 7, 1867, was attended by twenty-five of the members. Maj. Gen. G. Pennypacker was called to the chair and Brevet Col. Price appointed secretary. Col. Guss submitted a statement, in writing, respecting the fund in his possession, amounting to two thousand and thirteen dollars and ninety-five cents ($2,013.95), which he placed at the disposal of the meeting. He also sub mitted a communication from Prof. Samuel P. Bates, State Historian, requesting a sketch of the services of the Regiment. These communications were read and directed to be referred to a committee on finance, to be appointed. A committee on finance was then appointed, to have charge of the fund, with power to invest it temporarily and to pay properly authenticated bills. Col. H. R. Guss, chairman; Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer and Capt. William S. Underwood, committee. A committee of seven on monument was also appointed, with instructions to make the necessary inquiries in regard to plans and cost, and report at a future meeting. Committee: Col. H. R. Guss, chairman; Brevet Maj. Gen. G. Penny- packer; Surgeon John R. Everhart; Capt. William Wayne, Company K; Capt. Jonas M C. Savage, Company B; 1st Lieut G. O. Yarnall, Company G; 2d Lieut. Annesley N. Morton, Company I (captain 15th Cavalry.) A committee was next appointed to have charge of the necessary arrange ments for inaugural ceremonies and dedication. Brevet Col. Isaiah Price, chair man; Brevet Lieut. Col. D. W. C. Lewis; Surgeon Pennock J. Nichols; Brevet Maj. David Jones; Capt. William S. Mendenhall, Company D; Capt. Francis M. Guss, Company A; Capt. Charles Mcllvaine, Company H; Chaplain David W. Moore; Maj. Leonard Thomas; Capt. George W. Dufiee, Company I; 1st Lieut. Emmor G. Griffith, Company C; 1st Lieut. John McGrath, Company E; 2d Lieut. William H. Eves, Company G. Gen. Pennypacker then made a statement in regard to the fund in Col. Guss PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. 591 possession, explaining the manner in which it had accrued and the object to which it was proposed to devote it, which was satisfactory to the meeting. The chairman of the committee on finance was directed to furnish Prof. Bates, State Historian, with any information concerning the history of the Ninety- Seventh Regiment that could be obtained from the records or other sources, and the chairman of the meeting was directed to transmit to Prof. Bates a copy of the resolutions as a reply to his communication. A resolution was adopted, expressing as the sense of the meeting, that the monument should be erected by October 29, 18G8, the seventh anniversary of the organization, and that the ceremonies attendant upon the inauguration of the monument be conducted on that day. It was also resolved, as the sentiment of the meeting, that the monument provided the consent of the county commissioners could be obtained be erected in the Court House yard, at the corner of High and Market Streets, in the Borough of West Chester; and that no contributions to aid in the erection of the monument be asked from others than those who have been connected with the Regiment or identified with its interests. At the suggestion of the chairman, Brevet Lieut. Col. D. W. C. Lewis was directed to express the unanimous thanks of the meeting to the Fame Engine Company for the use of their hall, in which the meeting convened. The meeting adjourned to meet at Media, at 11 A. M. on Tuesday, October 29, 1867. Pursuant to adjournment, a meeting was held at Media, on October 29, 1867. In the absence of the chairman, Brevet Maj. David Jones was appointed chair man pro. tern. The number present was about fourteen. The minutes of the meeting, April 7, 1867, were read and adopted. Committee on Finance reported progress through Capt. Underwood, the only member present, who also stated particulars of interest manifested by members of the Regiment whom he bad met and made inquiry as to authority to collect funds for the monument. The report was accepted and committee continued. Committee on Monument reported, in writing, the minutes of their proceedings, by which it is set forth that the committee, sub-divided, hail given attention to the examination of plans, specifications, etc., and from accompanying reports of these sub-committees, " That they had visited certain marble yards and ceme teries in and near Philadelphia and have come to the conclusion that the money now in the possession of the Committee on Finance is insufficient to procure such a monument as would meet the wishes of the Committee on Monument and the officers of the Regiment. This committee would, therefore, recommend to the meeting to be held at Media, on the 29tb inst., that efforts be made to increase the fund by soliciting contributions from the officers and members of the Regi ment and from friends identified with its interests." "To this end the Sub Committee on Monument would also recommend that a committee be appointed, to consist of officers and men of the Regiment, for that purpose. Of the Committee on Monument it is known that there are those who have already contributed each one hundred dollars toward increasing the fuod, and it is earnestly hoped that there are still others of the Regiment who will do the same." The report was accepted and the committee continued. The Committee of Arrangements also reported, in writing, submitting a plan of 592 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. arrangements for the occasion of dedication, which, being accepted, was directed to be placed on file and the committee continued. The suggestions of the Committee on Monument were then acted upon, and it was determined to increase the monumental fund by soliciting subscriptions from the members of the Regiment. A large committee of officers and meu was appointed, and directed to report at a meeting to be held at West Chester, on January 6, 1868, to which time and place the meeting then adjourned. Pursuant to adjournment, on January 6, 1868, the members again convened. In the absence of the chairman, Brevet Maj. Gen. H. R. Guss was appointed president pro tern. On taking the chair, Gen. Guss made a few remarks, in regard to the object of the meeting, for the information of such as had not attended the previous meetings. The three standing committees reported progress and were continued. From the committee to collect funds, the following reported the amounts collected by them: Capt. Francis M. Guss, Company A, $126.00; Musician Edward R. Eisen- beis, Company A, $106.00; Private Alexander Chandler, Company A, $10.00; Private John Mercer, Company A, $5.00; Sergt. W. Nichols, Company B, $45.00; Corp. Levis T. Beidler, Company C, $30.75; Private George Walton, Company C, $10.00; Private Robert A. Wilson, Company C, $12.00; Private John L. Kitts, Company C, $41.00; Lieut. Isaiah Bird, Company G, $8.00; Sergt. Joseph H. Walton, Company H, $4.60. Total collected, $398. 85. This amount was then paid over to the chairman of the Finance Committee, Gen. H. R. Guss, who duly receipted for the same. The committee was continued in order to make further efforts and report in April, 1868. The meeting adjourned to meet at West Chester, on April 27, 1868, at the Green Tree Hotel. About this time and subsequent to the meeting at Media, Oc tober 29, 1867, there had been much feeling excited in the district in regard to the proposed monument. Several communications in the papers had assailed the motives of the members of the Regi ment, charging "selfishness and an unworthy exclusiveness" on the part of the Regiment in proposing to "erect a monument for the Ninety-Seventh only." These, though anonymous and irre sponsible, were calculated to engender antagonism and animosity, and tended to place the Regiment and its object unjustly in an atti tude of disrespect to those brave men of other organizations who had fallen in the late conflict. To correct whatever misapprehen sion might be created in the public mind by these correspondents of classic nom-de-plume which concealed neither identity nor juve nile inexperience in matters pertaining to the service and its re sults it was deemed proper to present the following statement in refutation of the charge of selfishness and exclusiveness setting forth the fact that want of co-operation alone prevented the 97th Regiment from joining in the erection of a general monument to PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. 593 all who foil in the service or gave occasion for this vindication of the claim of the Regiment to the privilege of devoting its private fund to the purpose proposed. PHILADELPHIA, January 7, 1868. MAJOR MOORE: DEAR SIR: My attention has just been called to an article in your paper of December 17, signed " Justicia," in which the purpose of the survivors of the OTtb P. V. to erect a monument to the memory of their fallen comrades, is de nounced as a selfish measure, unworthy of (he brave men who served in that Regiment and a slight to the memory of other equally brave and meritorious soldiers who fell in the defence of their country, while serving with other regi ments. It is evident that the writer of that article never followed any of those heroic leaders, whom be names, very far to the front, for no soldier who has done this will ever bring the charge of selfishness against any regiment that may propose to erect a monument to the memory of its own dead. On the contrary, he will see in such a purpose a most fitting tribute to the memory of all; the most obscure that may have fallen in the service. The regimental organization is the .soldier s family tie in the service, and when any regiment may be so fortunate as to have the means of erecting a monument in a suitable locality, there can be no more fitting tribute to the memory of all, than every soldier will see in such a one as a regiment may have reared to its fallen dead. Neither would a soldier, who had followed either of the illustrious leaders named, have made such reference to the names of Gen. Guss or the brave young Gen. Penny packer as must bring the blush of shame to the cheek of every soldier who reads it, that either of these brave men, or even the humblest man that served under them, should be subjected to the meanness of the insinuations that, in our purpose, ihere was either selfishness or a design to leave unhonored the names and memory of those other brave heroes who fell serving nobly in the same great cause and whom we cherish even as our own fallen comrades. Nearly two years ago an effort was made to raise funds to erect a monument to the memory of the soldiers who fell during the war who went from Chester County. The officers of the 97th P. V. proposed to join in the movement, and offered to place the amount in their possession in a general fund for a monument, provided an amount proportioned to our fund, and our number, to the number of soldiers from the district could be raised, say ten thousand dollars in all. But the effort failed because the soldiers are not rich. There was not sufficient interest on the part of the "Justicia," who, after (as during) the war, leave the soldier alone in his glory of raising wherewith to erect a monument to the memory of his fallen comrades. In thus proposing to raise a monument "to our fallen," we forget not other brave ones who as nobly fell! We only reaffirm the admiration for all these that we endeavored to show for our brave fallen companions while living, by going forth with them into the fight for our country s cause, none knowing who should return! And now when animated by the cherished and sacred feeling toward our dead, that, when the family circle is broken, prompts the bereaved to place a stone to mark the grave of the missing ones there are we to be put 38 594 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. in public arraignment, by some self-styled "Justicia." and charged with "selfish ness," when we propose to erect a fitting monument for our dead comrades? As well might he arraign every husband and father whose means have enabled him to place a marble shaft over the resting place of his beloved dead, and publish him to the world as selfish and exclusive because he has not erected a monument for other wives or children. The 97th, in honoring their dead, as they propose to do, can take nothing from the lustre of the memory of those other martyrs of our country, whose names are embalmed in the hearts of every surviving member of the 97th, far more deeply than "Justicia" can write them. If the People of the county and district shall continue derelict in meeting the debt they and not the 97th, or any other Regiment, owe to these Immortal Heroes, in providing an appropriate monument whereon to inscribe their names also, then soldiers will be found who will do it, and the members of the 97th will not be behind any others. Your correspondent E. has made the statement of facts relative to the fund and the manner proposed by which to increase it, sufficiently plain. It remains only to repeat that the members of the Regiment are doing this work themselves, none but members of the Regiment and those identified with its interests being solicited for contributions or requested to aid to any extent whatever. Respectfully, yours, ISAIAH PRICE, Maj. 97th P. Y. and Brevet Col. U. S. V. The correspondent E, referred to, presented briefly the action of the members in regard to the monument with the facts as herein given. Public attention being again drawn to the matter, it was thought possible that a renewed interest might be awakened on the sub ject of a general monument, which might result in such action as would secure the erection of a monument that should be the expres sion of the people of the district, creditable to themselves in com memoration of the services of all who fell in the contest for the su premacy between liberty and despotism in the land. The propo sition, more than two years before tendered of joining in such a purpose, was now renewed by the members of the 97th P.V. Pursuant to adjournment, another meeting was held at West Chester, on April 27, 1868, Gen. H. R. Guss in the chair. The standing committees reported pro gress and were continued. Committee on Collections reported progress, and col lected by Sergt. Joseph H. Walton, Company H, 4.75; Private M. W. Mont gomery, Company C, $4.00, which was paid to the chairman of Finance Com mittee. The committee was continued to report at next meeting to be held at West Chester, on January 13, 1868, at which time it was expected all the sub scription papers would be returned with the amounts collected. The following resolution was offered for consideration: PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. 595 Resolved, That the 97th P. V. having determined to erect a monument to their fallen comrades, and having in possession for that purpose a fund amounting to about twenty-five hundred and fifty dollars ($2,550.00), and it being considered by some desirable to have a general monument erected to the memory of all who fell in the service of their country from this district, to be contributed to by all who have an interest in the matter. The members of the Ninety-Seventh Regi ment, being animated by a desire to recognize the services and to cherish the me mory of all who fell in the defence of our country again propose to the citizens of Chester and Delaware Counties to join in such general purpose; Provided a fund equal to an amount of which the sum now in possession of, or to be con tributed by the 97th P. V., shall be one-fourth part shall be guaranteed by some prompt and responsible action on the part of the citizens of the district. Otherwise Resolved, That the 97th P. V. will at once, at the next meeting, adopt a plan and contract for a monument with the funds in their possession, as contemplated in the previous meetings of the members of the Regiment. The resolution and its alternate were adopted, and the secretary directed to furnish Gen. H. R. Guss with a copy for the information of the citizens or members of other organizations desirous of conferring with the committee of the 97th P. Y. in regard to a monument. Then adjourned to meet at West Chester, on June 13, 1868. On June 6, 1868, the Secretary had received from Privates David M. Taylor, Company A, and Robert A. Wilson, Company C, col lected by them for monument fund, $41.00, which was paid over to Gen. H. R. Guss, chairman. On June 13, 1868, the Secretary being prevented from attend ance, the minutes of previous meetings were forwarded to Gen. H. R. Guss, and afterward returned with the information that but three members were present and that the meeting was not organized for want of a quorum. To the failure of attendance at the meeting appointed for June 13, 1868, may be attributed in a measure the failure of further action at that time in regard to the monument. The widely scat tered members of the Regiment found it difficult to get together to promote the object which all had at heart. Collections for in creasing the fund were necessarily limited, owing to the limited means of most of the members and their isolation from each other. Those most active in the movement, anxious that whatever action was taken should be based upon the broadest feeling of a common interest on the part of all in the community, to appropriately recog nize the services of all who fell in the great cause, had from the outset expressed their willingness to unite with the efforts of others, and invited such co-operation as would secure the accomplishment of the desired object both individually and by formal resolution. 596 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. But there was no united movement on the part of others that gave any hope of the consummation of a general purpose, either presently or remotely. The delay of weeks, to afford opportunity for some movement toward co-operation, grew into months and even years in the rapid flight of time. At length it was determined, by those in whose hands the interests of the 97th Regiment rested, that there should be no more delay in the accomplishment of the already-too- long-deferred sacred purpose. The Chairman of the meeting, Gen. G. Pennypacker, being upqn a visit to West Chester, during his leave of absence from his command, upon consultation with other members of the Regiment, determined to call a meeting for further action in regard to the monument, and directed the Secretary to issue the following call: WEST CHESTER, PA., February 3, 1873. By a resolution adopted at a previous meeting of the members of the 97th P. V., the chairman of the meeting was authorized to call another meeting at such time as should be deemed advisable. In pursuance of this resolution, a meeting of the members of the 97th P. V. is hereby called at the Green Tree Hotel, West Chester, on Saturday, February 22, 1873, at 12 o clock M. By order of the chairman, ISAIAH PRICE, Maj. 97th P. V. and Brevet Col. U. S. V., Secretary. At this meeting there were present of the field and staff, Brevet Maj. Gen. G. Pennypacker, IT. S. A., Chairman; Brevet Maj. Gen. II. R. Guss, U. S. V.; Lieut. Col. A. P. Duer; Brevet Col. I. Price, Secretary; Brevet Lieut. Col. D. W. C. Lewis; Brevet Maj. D. Jones; Chaplain D. W. Moore. Company A Capt. F. M. Guss; Privates Thomas J. Miller, Hailman P. Talley and James Evans. Company C Sergts. Stephen H. Eachus snd Isaac A. Cleaver; Corps. C. Burleigh Harnbleton and James J. Dewees; Privates Abraham Cobourn, Elias 0. Griffith, Emrnor B. Hickman, Asher M. Kinnard, William H. Speakman, J. Jones Still, William I). Thomas and Joel W. Van Meter. Company D 2d Lieut. J. W. Brooks; Sergt. David W. Morrow; Privates Abraham Fawkes, William H. Griffith and Walter Pyle. Company E Sergt. George L. Smith ; Corp. George Jenkins. Company F 2d Lieut. Thomas Cosgriff. Company G Capt. Caleb Hoopes; Sergt. Charles Gray; Private Crosley B. Wilson. Company H 1st Lieut. Phares P. Brown; Sergt. Robert Walker; Privates Marshall B. England, Abner Evans, Abia C. E. Miller. Company I Capt. George W. DurTee; 2d Lieut. George M. Middleton; Corp. James Groff; Pioneer William J. Duulap. Company K Capt. William Wayne; 1st Lieut. John J. Barber; Sergt. R. Powell Fithian ; Private Isaac Harrison. PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. 597 The Chairman invited Chaplain Moore to open the meeting with prayer, which he did, impressively invoking for their deliberations the presence of the Mercifu Father, who had permitted these survivors of the Regiment to meet again under the auspices of peace and its attendant blessings, with a country restored to prosperity and progress. -Minutes of previous meetings were then read. A committee was appointed to examine the accounts of the Treasurer of Fi nance Committee, with instructions to retire and report during the pitting. The Committees on Monument and Inauguration reported progress and were continued. That of collection reported the following amounts subscribed: Capt. Caleb Hoopes, $20.00; Brevet Maj. I). Jones, subscrilied by various persons, $100.00; Private J. W. Van Meter, $10.00. Total subscribed, $130.00, which was directed to be collected and paid over to the Treasurer, Gen. II R. Guss. The committee to audit Treasurer s account returned and reported us follows: Original fund, as per minutes of Secretary, April 6, 1807, $201 :* 95 Taid by committee, as per resolution, same meeting. 500 00 Balance remaining on hand at that date. $1513 95 Amounts collected, as shown by receipts of Treasurer, 448 00 Which sum, at compound interest for six years, amounts to $2795 74 The Treasurer having made return ot that amount as the sum in his hands, the above statement is respectfully submitted by the committee as their report. [Signed] P. W. C. LEWIS, CALEB HOOPES, R. P. FITHIAN, Committee. The report was accepted and the committee discharged. A resolution was then passed, with a vote of thanks to Brevet Maj. (Jen. II. R. Guss for his care and judicious investment of the funds in bis possession, which, received the vote of every member present. A motion was then introduced directing that the Committee on Monument proceed immediately with the erection of a monument with the present fund, which it was moved to amend as follow*: Resolved, That the Committee on Monument be hereby authorized and directed to make all necessary arrangements for having the contemplated monument erected by October 29, 1873, the twelfth anniversary of the organization of the Regiment; and that the Treasurer be instructed to pay all bills approved by that committee and no other; that the Treasurer, at any time, on the call of the committee, is hereby requested to furnish an exhibit of the funds in his pos session; the committee to have plenary power in reference to the erection and inauguration of the monument. After remarks from several members, the resolution as amended was passed with but a single dissenting vote. A motion to reconsider was negatived by a unanimous vote, and the resolution prevailed unanimously. Maj. Gen. Pennvpacker then called Capt. William Wayne to the chair, stating to the meeting his desire to offer for consideration the resolution that appears on the first page of the preface to this history. He then stated briefly his opinion 598 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. of the sketch therein referred to. The resolution was then passed unanimously, and followed by another, offered by Chaplain D. W. Moore, which is also given in the preface. Brevet Col. Price then stated his unwillingness to receive any guarantee of remuneration for undertaking the history, from the funds of the Regiment, but would consent to prepare and publish the work by subscription, provided suffi cient subscribers could be obtained at a price which would cover the expense of publication. This the members present expressed confidence could be done. Thirty-two subscriptions were then made and the price fixed at five dollars per copy, estimated to contain two hundred and fifty pages, the requisite number to meet expenses being computed at about two hundred. Bills for printing, etc., were presented amounting to twenty dollars, which, being approved, were directed to be paid. Letters were received from Col. Wainwright and Capt. Mendenhall expressing regret for being unavoidably absent, and assuring the members of the Regi ment of their co-operation with the object of the meeting. Having accomplished the purpose for which it had convened, the meeting ad journed, subject to the call of the chairman of the Committee on Monument. In conformity with the action taken at this meeting the Commit tee on Monument held several sessions to consider plans for a monu ment, and early in April, 1873, adopted the following, submitted by Maj. David Jones: A granite base five feet square and two feet four inches thick, on which a moulding four feet square by one foot thick rests. Next a die, three feet four inches square, is placed, upon which the inscription will be wrought, while on the die a cap moulding is shown, and sub die two feet four inches square by three feet, six inches high, with segment cap moulding twelve inches in thickness. On the sub die, festooned State and National flags, with a stack of muskets, will be carved in bold relief. On this die also rests another moulding of proportionate dimensions, on which is placed the obelisk fourteen feet high, one foot six inches square at its base, graduafly lessening to its top. On the obelisk, about midway of its height, a laurel wreath encircling "97" in relief is shown. On the extreme top an American eagle as in the act to soar is placed, which completes the description of the monument plan proper. The tribute will be placed upon a terraced foundation about two feet high, around which a granite octagonal curbing is proposed, surmounted with a heavy iron railing. The en closure will occupy about a twelve feet radius, which if the monument be erected on Market Street, south of Church Street (the proper place), will allow about twenty-eight feet on each side, ample room for all practical purposes. On Saturday, May 3, 1873, the committee entered into contract with Maj. Jones to have the monument completed by the time specified for the dedication. It was understood that the order of exercises proposed for the PROCEEDINGS IN REGARD TO A MONUMENT. 599 time previously contemplated for the dedication be mainly carried out by the Committee of Arrangements. The question of location had been the subject of considerable in formal discussion durinor the proceedings, leading to the general conclusion that if situated in close proximity to the Court House, with its towering steeple, the monument, unless of colossal propor tion, would be overshadowed by it to a degree suggestive of mani fest disproportion. Formal application was therefore made to the Borough Council for permission to erect the monument in the centre of Market Street, a few feet west of the western line of its inter section with Church Street. The following transcript from the minutes of the Borough Coun cil is furnished for the purpose of a due understanding of all the circumstances attending the application and the action of that body in the case: At a regular meeting of the Borough Council of West Chester, May 13, 1873, A communication was received asking permission for the erec tion of a monument to the memory of the dead of the 97th P. V., in Market Street, imme.iiately west of Church Street. A motion was offered that permission be granted. A substitute was presented that the matter be deferred until Friday evening next, in order that the property holders might be heard. The question being taken on the substitute it was adopted. * * * May 16, 1873, special meeting pursuant to adjournment, members of Council all present. P. F. Smith, J. Smith Futhey, Hon. Washington Townsend, HOD. William Wollerton, D. M. McFarland, Enos V. Garrett, John Noble, Gen. H. R. Guss, Evans Rogers, James E. McFarland, E. P. Needles, Col. George F. Smith, Wilmer W. Thomson, and other citizens also present. P. F. Smith, Esq., presented a remonstrance against the erection of a monu ment to the 97th P. A , on Market Street, and addressed the Board of Council on the subject, denying the power of the authorities to permit it to be done. Hon. W. Townsend replied to Mr. Smith, controverting his arguments, and stating dimensions of monument; that it would be octagonal probably, the extreme diameter to be about twelve feet. J. Smith Futhey, Esq., followed Mr. Town- send on the same side. Remarks were made by D. M. McFarland, E Rogers, Hon. William Wol lerton, Gen. II. R. Guss and James E. McFarland. After the withdrawal of these gentlemen, it was moved that the 97th Regiment be granted permission to erect a monument, to the memory of the dead of said Regiment, in the Bo rough of West Chester, in the middle of Market Street, west of Church Street; the extreme diameter between the sides thereof not to exceed twelve feet. The motion was carried. Extract from minutes of Borough Council. GEO. M. RUPERT, Secretary. 600 HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. It became apparent that an injunction would be applied for, to prevent the erection of the monument at the place designated, and the committee determined to await an amicable adjustment of the question, it being mutually understood that an informal judicial decision as to the power of the borough council to grant such per mission might be had without recourse to legal proceedings. The committee were averse to unduly pressing the matter to a legal test, upon the authority granted by the council, against the wishes of any citizens; preferring to await the influence of time and the more favorable judgment of the opponents of the location; trusting that these might induce them to withdraw their objections, when the sober second thought should make it manifest that the monument, so far from being a disadvantage to their property, would become an influence of attractiveness, adding both to the value and popularity of the locality, from the desire of strangers and visitors to the borough, as well as every citizen, to find in it one of the chief centres of public, patriotic and historic interest. The question as to the authority of the borough council in the matter having been subsequently definitely determined in the nega tive, recourse was then had to the Legislature in order to obtain the requisite enactment to confirm this action. By the terms of the recently adopted State constitutional amend ments touching the power of the Legislature in regard to local affairs, some of the most eminent legal minds in that body are de cided in the opinion that the Legislature is powerless to act in the matter, leaving it to become apparent that the consent of council can only be available in the absence of all opposition on the part of the citizens of the borough. It is intended that the monument shall be built ! it is hoped, in the locality designated, in West Chester, with the consent of those who have opposed it. If not there, then in due season it will be erected at some other place where the property owners will more fully appreciate its presence, and more thoroughly understand that it will continue to improve whatever locality it may occupy, with a growing value as time shall deepen in the hearts of the people increasing gratitude for the services and the sacrifices of those who gave their lives that their country might live. INDEX. (i()l INDEX. Abbott, Joseph C., lieut. col. 7th N. II., 171; col., comd g brig., 1st div., 24th corps, 345. Able, George W., 1st sergt co. C, 1st lieut., cupt., 36, 873, 480, 588. Actions, official record of, 875. Ames, Adelbert, comd g 3d div., 10th corps, 248, 285, 287, 299, 341, 350, 358, 359, 30!). Ames, John W., col. 6th U. S. C. T., 358. Armstrong, John, 1st sergt. co. B, pr. 2d lieut., 21, 22, 143, 475. Army of the James, 246, 252, 337. Army of the Potomac, 10th and 18th corps, transferred to duty with, 285 Babb, John H., 1st lieut. co. E, 45, 46, 110, 508. Bailey, James E., maj. 3d R. I. Arty., 167. Baldwin, Elwood P., 1st sergt. co. H, 2d lieut., 1st lieut., 58, 143, 295, 369, 373, 45!, 588. Barber, John J., 1st lieut. co. K, 66, 67, 131, 143, 556, 596. Baruum, Frank D., 115th N. Y., 416; capt., 426. Bartlett, William P., brig, gen., comd g 1st. div., 9th corps, 310. Barton, Miss Clara H., 177. Barton, William B., col. 48th N. Y., 143; comd g 2d brig., 2ddiv., 10th corps, 301, 305, 320. Bates, Samuel P., State Historian, 3, 547, 551, 590, 591. Battery Strong, capture of, 360. Bell, Louis, col. 4th N. H., 193; comd g ;M brig., 2d div.. 10th corps, 290, 34*, 349. Benham, H. W., brig, gen., comd g post, Hilton Head, 109, 123. Bentonville, N. C., 366, 367. Bermuda Hundred, Va., operations at, 246, 251, 259, 273, 281, 285, 295, 298, 312, 314, 319. Bird, Isaiah, 1st sergt. co. G, pr. 1st lieut., 55, 374, 528, 592. Birney. David B., maj. gen., comd g div., 9th corps. 293; comd g 10th corps, 305, 321, 323, 325, 326, 327. Birney, David B., order of Gen. Butler announcing death of, 327. Birney, William, brig, gen., comd g brig. C. T. ; comd g provisional div., 314, 316. Black, Robert L., sergt. co. A, 1st lieut., capt., 18, 113, 373, 464, 566. Black, Samuel V., 2d lieut. co. K, 66; 1st lieut., 67; capt., 68, 220, 243, 271, 317, 555, 583. Blockade Runner, capture of, 387. Boat Drill at Hilton Head, 148. Borrell, Joseph M., 2d lieut. co. G, 52, 54, 143, 528. Borough Council of West Chester, extract from minutes of, 599. Botany B:iy Island, S. C., occupied by troops, Col. Guss comd g, 154. Braddock s Point. Hilton Head, S. C., 146. Brannan, John M., brig, gen., comd g Dept. of the South, 134, 138, 385. Broad River, Hilton Head, S. C., picket duty on, 132, 135. Brooke, Hon. H. Jones, 12. Brooks, John W., corp. co. D, 213, 214; sergt., 1st sergt., 2d lieut., 373, 497, 572, 596. Brooks, W. H. T., brig, gen., comd g 1st div., 10th corps, 253, 289; comd g corps, 299, 305. B rosins. Marriott, sergt. co. K, 69; pr. 2d lieut., 556, 583. Brower, David R., M. D., executive medical officer at Fortress Monroe, Va., 425. Brower, John H., corp. co. F, pr. qr.-mr. sergt., 342; lieut. and qr.-mr., 370, 373, 460, 520. Brown, Nathaniel W., col. 3d R. I. Arty., comd g post, Hilton Head, S. C., 131. Brown, Phares P., sergt. co. H, pr. 2d lieut., 1st lieut., 61, 342, 357, 374, 538, 596. Burnett, Joseph T., 1st lieut. co. F, 49, 50, 518. Burnham, Hiram, brig, gen., killed in action, 323. Burnside, Ambrose E., maj. gen., comd g 9th corps, 293. Burton, Isaac J., 2d sergt., co. A, pr. 2d lieut., 18, 156, 243, 305, 833, 465, 566. Butler, Benjamin F., maj. gen., comd g Army of the James, 247, 248, 249. 327, 328, 880, 338, 344. 602 INDEX. Cameron, Hon. Simon, Secretary of War; organization of regiment authorized by, 11. Camp Cooper 1 , Fla., capture of 239. Camp Everhart, West Chester, 14, 15, 77. Camp Hamilton, Portress Monroe, Va., 89. Camp H, Jones Brooke, 86. Camp Lamb, N. C., rebel prison pen, 362. Camp Wayne, West Chester, regiment organized at, 71, 87. Cape Fear River, entrance to secured, 357. Carruthers, Henry W., 1st lieut. co. C, 28; adjt., 30, 82, 131, 152, 200, 212 ; capt., 243, 286, 316, 437, 459, 566. Cemetery Hill, Va., near Petersburg, 249; action at, 301, 308, 3ll, 320. Chapin s Bluff, Va., 323, 336. Chapin s Farm, Va., 331, 332, 333, 334, 339, 342, 357. Chapter I, 11; II, 71; III, 93; IV, 111; V, 130; VI, 152; VII, 209; VIII, 246; IX, 273; X, 299; XI, 338; XII, 377; XIII, 391; XIV, 457; XV, 565; XVI, 587; XVII, 589. Charleston, S. C., Hunter s operations against, 111, 127, 152, 178. Chatflekl, John L., col. 6th Conn., 170. Chesapeake Hospital, wounded sent to, 272, 280, 311, 314, 316, 321. Chester Heights, Va., action at, 254. Chester Station, Va., action at, 262. Chevaux-de-frise at Fort Wagner, S. C., 200. City Point, Va., capture of, 251, 389, 312. Coan, William B., lieut. col. 48th N. Y., comd g brig., 305, 309; col., comd g div., 370. Cold Harbor, action at, 278. Companies, organization of, 11. Company A, 13, 148, 212, 464, 566. Company B, 20, 112, 146, 475, 567. Company C, 24, 143, 146, 212, 485, 570. Company D, 37, 496, 572. Company E, 44, 146, 212, 508, 574. Company F, 47, 145, 517, 576. Company G, 51, 143, 212, 527, 578. Company H, 55, 59, 212, 537, 580. Company I, 62, 137, 148, 547, 581. Company K, 65, 555, 583. Complimentary Notices, 210, 236, 238, 318, 372. Complimentary Orders, Williams, 126; Gillmore, 204; Butler, 328; Birney, 319; Sherman, 336. Cooper Shop and Union Refreshment Saloons, 84, 85, 372. Cosgriff, Thomas, 1st sergt. co. F, pr. 2d lieut., 50, 174, 234, 311, 324, 518, 576, 596. Couch, Darius N., maj. gen., 364. Cox, Jacob D., maj. gen. comd g 3d div., 23d corps, 359, 360, 364, 365. Craven, John J., surgeon U. S. V., 177. Crow, Dallas, sergt. co. B, com. sergt., 1st lieut., capt., 4, 23, 320, 357, 371, 373, 475, 568. Cummins, Jesse L., capt. co. G, 31, 110, 527. Curtin, Hon. Andrew G., Governor of Pennsylvania, 74, 78, 79, 587, 588. Curtis, N. M., col. 142, N. Y., comd g 1st brig., 1st div., 10th corps, 288; brig, gen., comd g 1st brig., 2d div., 24th corps, 341, 347, 349. Daggett, Rufus, col. 117th N. Y., 341; comd g 1st brig., 2d div., 24th corps, 359. Dandy, George F. B., col. 100th N. Y., comd g detachment, Folly Island, 153. Darby Town Va., action at, 331. Darby Town Road, action at, 325. Darlington, William, Esq., reply to Dr. Worthington, 428. Darlington, William B., adjt. 76th P. V., 95. Davis, W. W. H., col. 104th P. V., 158, 163, 165, 183. Dedicatory, 9. INDEX. 603 Deep Bottom, Va., action near, 314, 318, 322, 329, 326. Deep Run, Va., encamped at, 818. Defences of Richmond and Petersburg, 290. Department of the South, 93; commanders of, 96, 107, 134, 140, 145, 157. Dairy s Bluff, action at, 261, 262, 264. Duer. Augustus P., lieut. col., 16, 74, 75, 79, 88, 101, 114, 127, 131, 132, 134, 152, 154, 173, 174, 175, 177, 181, 316, 222, 242, 432, 459, 590, 56. Duffee. George W., 1st sergt. co. I, 2d lieut., 1st lieut., 64; capt., 65, 243, 2C2, 303, 324, 856, 357, 374, 547, 581, 590, 596. Dupont, Samuel Francis, commodore, U. S. N., 93, 94. Durnall, George II., sergt. co. H, pr. 1st lieut., 61, 262, 280, 538, 580. Dutch Gap, 253; canal at, 313. Dutton, Isaac L., sergt. co. H, pr. 2d lieut., 61, 374, 580. Eachus, Francis J., 2d sergt. co. C, pr. 1st lieut., 32, 145, 146, 156, 189, 240, 241, 485. Edisto Island, S. C., 100, 129, 153. Eighty -^th P. V., 153, 177, 188, 164, 195, 259. El well, J. J., lieut. col., chief qr.-mr. at Hilton Head, S. C., 147. Erwin, Augustus M., capt., 48th N. Y., 372. Evans, Louis Y., 1st lieut. co. A, 14; pr. capt. co. G, 53, 54, 97, 527. Everhart, Dr. John R., surgeon, 16, 28, 74, 86, 133, 136, 184, 212, 292, 239, 248, 272, 280, 297, 333, 416, 443, 460, 590. Eves, William H., 1st sergt. co. G., 2d lieut., 54, 300, 304, 321, 330, 333, 528, 578, 588, 590. Fuisson s Station, N. C., encamped :vt, 366. Fawkes, Isaac, 2d lieut. co. D, 40, 228, 280, 496, 572. Fernandinn, Fla., capture of, 104, 108, 299, 211, 216, 218; ladies at, 220; 222, 224, 225, 229, 238, 240, 244. Field and staff, 74; biographical sketches of, 391; roster and record, 457, 566. Fifty-fifth P. V., hospitality of, 109; 176, 248, 254. Fifty-fourth Mass., 162, 169. Filler, John H., maj. 55th P. V., acting aid-de-camp, 176. Flags, presentation at Camp Wayne, 72; second flag, 321; return of, 587. Florida, operations on coast of, 104. Folly Island, S. C., 153, 159. Forrest, John F, sutler, 74, 158, 213, 245. Fort Anderson, N. C., 357; capture of, 360. Fort Caswell, N. C., 357. Fort Clinch, Fla., capture of, 103; garrisoned, 212. Fort Darling, Va., action near, 262. Fort Fisher, N. C., 338, 346; captured, 347; 355, 356, 357. Fort Gilmer, Va., action at, 323. Fort Gregg, 8. C., capture of, 199. Fort Harrison, Va., capture of, 323. Fort Johnson, James Island, S. C., 168, 178, 182, 200. Fort McAllister, Ga., 102. Fort Moultrie, Sullivan Island, S. C., 168, 178, 182, 200. Fort Pulaski, Ga., 98; capture of, 100; 143. Fort Sumter, S. C., 154, 187, 188, 192, 204. Fort Wagner, S. C., 166, 167, 169, 178, 198, 199, 408. Fortress Monroe, Va., 88, 93, 246, 247. Foster, John G., maj. gen., comd g expeditionary corps, 146. Foster, Robert S., brig, gen , comd g 2d div., 10th corps, 321. Foster s Place, Va., centre point of Butler s position, 262; action at 270. Gage, Mrs. Francis D., and son, in charge of contrabands, S. C., 148. Gardner, William, 5th sergt. co. C, pr. 2d lieut., 30; died, 38; 101, 102, 147, 486, 570. Gaston, N. C., 371. Gibbons, John, maj. gen., comd g 2d div., 2d corps, 344. 604 INDEX. Gibson, W. H. H., 3d sergt. co. I, pr. 3d lieut., 64; 1st lieut., 65, 263, 380, 331, 374, 581. Gillmore, Quincy A., brig, gen., 99; capture of Fort Pulaski, 100; comd g Dept. of the South, 157; operations at Folly Island, S. C., 159, 160; Morris Island, 8. C., 168, 304; pr. maj. gen., 305, 238; comd g 10th corps, 346, 348, 354, 364, 399. Gloucester Point, Va., 248, 249. Goldsboro , N. C., advance upon, 365, 366. Granger, G. Fred., col. 9th Maine, comd g detachment, 339, 358. Grant, Ulysses S., lieut. gen., 306, 324, 343, 345, 367. Green, Oliver D., lieut. col., asst. adjt. gen., U. S. A., 146. Green Plains, Va., action at, 273. Griffith, Abel, 1st sergt. co. A, pr. 1st lieut., 18, 243, 271, 272, 465, 566. Griffith, Emmor G., 2d lieut. co. C, 26, 27, 28; pr. 1st lieut., 30, 98, 110, 486, 590. Griffith, James M., 1st sergt. co. K, pr. 2d lieut. 68, 556, 583. Griffith, John B., 1st sergt. co. B, pr. 2d lieut. 23, 373, 476, 568. GrimbaH s Plantation, S. C., action at, 116. Guss Fencibles Band, 69, 462. Guss, Francis M., capt. co. A, 4, 17, 20, 106, 131, 134, 145, 148, 2L2, 272, 464, 526, 590, 592, 596. Guss, Henry R., col., 4, 12, 13, 75, 117, 124, 125, 131, 132, 152, 154, 161, 162, 183, 198, 209, 211, 242, 259, 285, 295, 296, 298, 392, 451, 589, 590, 592, 594, 596, 597, 599. Haines, Cheyney T., corp. co. G, pr. sergt. maj., pr. 1st lieut., 55, 322, 342, 356, 528, 578. Hall, James F., lieut. col. 47th N. Y., provost marshal gen., 188, 219. Halpine, Charles G., 1st lieut., asst. adjt. gen., 149. Hamilton, John, capt, 3d U. S. Arty., 114, 118, 124, 150. Hamlin, Augustus C., lieut col. U. S. A., 195.. Hancock, Winfield S , maj. gen., comd g 2d corps, 209, 315. Hannum, Charles H., 2 lieut. co. D, 40, 803, 497. Harry, David S., 1st sergt. co. B, pr. 1st lieut., 23, 330, 373, 475, 567. Hawkins, George W., capt. co. I, 62, 145, 154, 320, 331, 446, 547, 581. Hawley, Joseph R., brig, gen., comd g 1st div., 10th corps, 153, 365. Heckmart, Charles A., brig, gen., comd g brig., 18th corps, 251, 252. Helper, H. H., superintendent of contrabands, 211, 223. Henry, Franklin C., sergt. co. A, pr. 2d lieut., 1st lieut,, 18, 373, 465. Hickman, Baynton, J., lieut, col. 49th P. V., visit of, to regiment, 281. Hicks, John AV., maj. 76 P. V., 166. Hilton Head, S. C., 94, 98, 108, 130, 138, 145, 153. Hoopes, Caleb, 1st lieut. co. G, 52; capt., 54, 182, 218, 528, 596, 597 Howard, O. O., maj. gen., comd g Army of Tennessee, in N. C., 367. Howell, Joshua B., col. 85th P. V., 153, 177, 188, 259. Hughes, James, 2d lieut. co. B., 20, 98, 475. Humpton, Lewis E., 1st sergt., pr. capt. co. A, 18, 464. Hunter, David, maj. gen., comd g Dept. of the South, 107, 111, 134, 145, 157. Huntsman, John E., 5th sergt. co. F, pr. 2d lieut., 50, 373, 518, 576. Independence Hall, 587, 588. Independent Company, 70. Introductory Correspondence, 67. In War Time, 8. Jackson, Richard, capt. 1st U. S. Arty., 146; lieut. col., 167, 197, 239, 326. Jacksonville, Florida, capture of, 105, 106, 107. James Island, S. C., 114, 115; action at, 116; 133, 138, 158, 162, 164. James River, Va., 249, 313. Jamestown, Va. , site of, 350. James, Washington W., corp. co. G, pr. com. sergt., capt., 55, 374, 528. James, William L., capt. and act g qr.-mr., 285, 304, 346. John s Island, S. C., 110, 113. Johnson, J. P., capt. steamer Boston, 4, 98, 208, 381. INDEX. 605 Johnson, Joseph E., reb. maj. gen., surrenderor, 868. Jones, David, 1st lieut. co. H, 57; qr.-mr., 4, 58, 74; post qr.-mr., 131, 155, 252, 248, 833, 400; brev. maj., 588, 590, 591, 596, 597, 598. Kiiuffman, Ilcnry, Jr., 1st sergt. co. C, pr. 2d lieut., 84, 242, 258, 486, 588. Kautx, August V., brig. gen. cav., 298, 318, 323, 324, 325. Kent, B. Lundy, sergt. co. C, capt. co. E, 13th U. 8. C. T., 35, 100, 110, 487, 570. Kilpatrick, Judson, brig. gen. cav., 366. Kinston, N. C., operations at, 3G4. Kirk, George, sutler, 74. Knapp, John, 1st sergt. co. I, pr. 2d lieut., 64, 229, 548. Langdon, L(X>mis L., capt. 1st U. S. Arty., 284. Latta, James W., adjt. gen., Pennsylvania, 4, 500 Leslie, James H., brig, gen., comd g 9th corps, 283, 308. Legareeville, 8. C., 112, 115. Lemaistre, George A., sergt, co. H, sergt. maj., 58; 2d lieut., 59; capt., 60, 61, 158, 171, 212, 262, 280, 537, 580. Levengood, Mrs. Nettie, In Memoriam, 97th P. V., author of, 586. Lewis, D. W. C., capt. co. F, 4, 37, 47, 51, 116, 121, 122, 155, 156, 164, 173, 182, 218, 231, 236, 239, 267, 268, 269, 280, 320, 333, 517, 576, 588, 590, 591, 596, 597. Lewis, Joseph J., Esq., reception of Gov. Curtin at West Chester by, 71). Lord, T. Ellery, capt. 3d N. Y., 319, 320, 322. Lowry, Jacob G., sergt. co. B, 2d lieut, 22, 23, 243, 311, 476. Malin, Lewis, P., sergt. co. F., capt., 50, 373, 518, 576. Mansfield, James K. F., brig, gen., 89. March. Levi L., 1st sergt. co. K., 2d lieut., 67; 1st lieut., 68, 243, 302, 3.09, 311, 550, 583. Marsh, Dr. M. M., agent sanitary commission, 177. Martin, J. Hill, Esq., 5, 141. Martin, William H., 1st sergt. co. A, 2d lieut., 18, 241, 330, 334; 1st lieut., 339, 342; capt., 358; maj., 368, 369; lieut. col., 370, 371, 454, 459, 464. Martindale, John II., maj. gen., comd g 18th corps, 305. Mayport, Fla., capture of, 105. MoArthur, John II, capt. U. 8. Cav., asst. mus. officer, 11. McClellan, Eli , surgeon, U. S. A., 272. McConnell, William, capt. co. E, 44, 140, 154, 158, 247, 508. McCoy, William B., capt. co. B, 20, 132, 475. McGrath, John, 2d lieut. co. E, 45; 1st lieut., 46, 121, 122, 155, 187, 212, 222, 240, 248, 258, 321, 333, 416, 508, 590. Mcllvaine, Charles, capt. co. H, 4, 55, 152, 153, 537, 590. McGregg, David M., maj. gen. cav., 318, 315, 316. McNamee, John, 4th sergt. co. E., 2d lieut., 46, 146, 508. McWilliams, James, 1st sergt., pr. 3d lieut. 46, 47. 811, 333, 508. Meade, George G., maj. gen., 2D3. Meudenhall, William S., capt. co. D, 4, 37, 280, 295, 301, 309, 311, 496, 572, 588, 590, 598. Metcalf, Edwin, col. 3d R. I. Arty., 144. Middleton, Geo. M., 1st sergt. co. I, 2d lieut., 65, 357, 548, 374, 581. Miller, George W., assistant surgeon, 74, 132, 207, 247, 460. Mitchel, O. M., maj. gen. comd g Dept. of the South, 134, 138, 140. Monitors, Weehawken, Patapsco, Mohawk, Catskill, and gunboat Paul Jones, 167. Moore, Rev. David W., chaplain, 205, 306, 335; farewell letter, 836; 461, 590, 596, 597,688 Moore, John W., col. 203d P. V., 820, 355. Morris Island, S. C., capture of, 160, 16?. Morris Island, 8. C., siege of Charleston, 177 to 208. Morrison, William, assistant surgeon, 133, 158, 321, 460. Morton, Annesley N., 2d lieut. co. I, 62, 63, 64, 548, 590. Morton. Sketchley, Jr., 1st lieut. co. I, 62, 63, 64, 112, 140, 548, 58l. Mulford, John E., 3d N. Y., surgeon 281. 606 INDEX. Muster Out, 319, 330, 372. Myrick, John R., 1st lieut. co. E, 3d U. S. Arty., 146, 337, 358. Myrtle Sound, N. C., operations at, 359. Nassau River, Fla., operations on, 231. New Ironsides in action at Fort Wagner, 167, 168. New Market Heights, action at, 323. Nichols, Isaac J., sergt. co. F, pr. 1st lieut. 50, 373, 518, 576. Nichols, Pennock J., surgeon, 369, 373, 460, 588, 590. Nicholson, John C., sergt. co. E, pr. 1st lieut., 47, 373, 508, 574. Odiorne, David W., corp. co. D, 41, 184; 1st sergt., 356, 357, 369, 370, 373, 497, 572. Odiorne, Henry, 1st sergt. co. D, 41, 184; 2d lieut., 222, 240, 243, 248; 1st lieut., 303, 317, 320, 333; capt., 356, 496, 572. Ord, E. O. C., maj. gen., comd g 18th corps, 305, 323; comd g Dept. of Georgia and North Carolina, 344. Our New Defenders, 210. Paine, Charles J., brig, gen., comd g 3d div., 25th corps, 339. Paine, Lewis S., capt. 100th N. Y., 184, 185. Palmer, I. N., brig, gen., 364. Paris Island occupied by detachment of regiment, 148; ballad of, 149. Patterson, Robert, maj. gen., 13. Peace, William, 2d lieut. co. A, 14; 1st lieut., 17, 243, 465. Pennsylvania Reserves, 1st regiment, at White House, Va., 286. Pennsylvania Troops in action at Fort Fisher, N. C., 851. Pennypacker, Galusha, capt. co. A, 3, 13, 14, 16; maj., 132, 134, 154, 181, 187, 199, 205, 220, 231, 234; lieut. col., 242, 244, 246, 247, 249, 254, 255, 257, 262, 267, 270, 278, 280, 282; col., 312, 313, 315, 316; comd g. brig., 2d div., 10th corps, 320, 323, 324, 325, 331, 337, 339, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355; brig, gen., U. S. V., and brev. maj. gen., U. S. A., 356, 369, 399, 458, 566, 589, 590, 593, 596, 597. Pennypacker, Samuel W., Esq., 4, 400. Petersburg Heights, capture of, 292. Petersburg Mine, action at, 307. Petersburg, Va., threatened by Butler s forces, 257. Phillips, Joseph, 1st sergt. co. A, 2d lieut., 19, 373, 465, 567. Plan of galleries and mine for explosion, 306. Planter, rebel steamer, 111. Pleasants, Henry, lieut. col. 48th P. V., 306. Plympton, Josiah G., maj. 3d N. H., 170, 177. Pocotaligo, action at, 139; capture of rebel flag marked P, 161. Porter, David D., rear admiral, U. S. N., 338, 340, 347, 352. Port Royal, capture of, 93. Port Royal Ferry, action at, 97, 246. Port Walthal Junction, Va., action at, 253. Potter, Robert P., brig, gen., comd g div., 9th corps, 293. Price, Isaiah, capt. co. C, 24, 72, 98, 112, 133, 135, 187, 212; maj., 242, 270, 273, 277, 282, 288, 291, 309, 313, 314, 321, 322, 379, 434, 459, 485, 559, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592. Proctor s Creek, Va., action at, 262. Promotions, co. A, 17; co. B, 21; co. C, 30; co. D, 43; co. E, 47; co. F, 50; co. G, 53; co. H, 61; co. I, 64; co. K, 67; other promotions, 242, 243, 295, 303, 312, 320, 322, 334, 342, 356, 357, 368, 369, 375. Purviance, Henry A., lieut. col. 85th P. V., killed in trenches, Morris Island, 195. Putnam, Haldiman S., col. 7th N. H., comd g 2d brig, at Fort Wagner, 168; killed in assault, 171. Raleigh, N. C., 366, 367. Rawlins, John A., brig, gen., chief of Gen. Grant s staff, 347. Recapitulation of siege duty at Morris Island, S. C., 206 ; from roster and record, 565 from tabular statement, 585. INDEX. 607 Recruiting Service, 877. Reeves Point, N. C., occupied, 357. Rhincl, Alexander C., U. 8. N., comd g detachment to explode powder boat, 840. Richardson, Martin Van Buren, 1st lieut. 4th N. H., act. com y of muster, 241. Richmond, Butler s advance upon, 257. Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, 254. Rodman. D. C., lieut. col. 7th Conn., 166. Roster, 873; roster and record of service, 74, 457. Ruff, Charles F., lieut. col. U. S. A., 30, 58, 74. Savage, Jonas M. C., 1st lieut. co. B, 20; capt., 22, 181, 164, 232, 236, 277, 280, 333, 475. 567, 590. Sawyer, Oscar G., correspondent, 265. Saxtou, Rufus, brig, gen., Military Governor of South Carolina, 148. Schofield, John M., maj. gen., comd g 23d corps, 358, 859, 364, 867. Scott, Thomas A., Assistant Secretary of War, 55. Seabrook, on the Edisto, encamped at, 154, 157. Secessionville, James Island, S. C., action at, 123, 158. Serrill, Hon. Jacob S., State Senator, letter of, 72. Seventy-sixth P. V., 95, 110, 139, 153, 159, 166, 177, 305. Seymour, Truman, maj. gen., 1G9, 171, 236. Shafer, Hon. William T., State Representative, letter of, 73. Shaw, Robert G. col., 54th Mass., 170. Sherman, Thomas W., brig, gen., comd g Dept. of the South, 96, 107. Sherman, William T., maj. gen., comd g Military Div. of the Mississippi, 366, 367 Showalter, Cyrus, priv. co. C, pr. corp., 3d sergt., 35; 2d lieut. 36, 486, 570. Signal Service, officers and men transferred to, 142, 146. Skiles, James T., corp. co. B, pr. qr.-mr. sergt., 21 ; 2d lieut., 1st lieut., 22, 212, 235, 241, 259, 317, 321, 475, 567. Slocum, H. W., brig. gen. and Member of Congress, comd g Army of Georgia, 867. Smedley Isaac, 1st sergt. co. C, 2d lieut. 32, 34, 152, 155, 488. Smedley, Theodore M., sergt, co. H, 1st lieut., capt., 61, 334, 356, 368, 374, 537, 580, 588. Smith, Samuel D., 1st sergt. co. E, 1st lieut., capt., 47, 373, 508, 574. Smith, W. F., maj. gen., comd g ISthJcorps, 254, 264, 285, 289. Smithville, N. C., occupation of, 357. Spanish Wells, S. C., 118, 125, 150, 151. Stanton, Hon. Edwin M., Secretary of War, 334, 353. St. Augustine, Fla., capture of, 105. St. Helena Island, S. C., regiment at, 143; Christmas at, 145. St. John, James, Sr., drum maj., 74, 85, 462, 500, 588. St. Mary s River, Fla., 239. Stevens, Isaac I., brig, gen., 96, 115. Stevens, S. S., lieut. 6th Conn., killed at Fort Wagner, 171. Stevens Landing, James Island, action at, 162. Stevenson, Thomas G., brig, gen., comd g brig., 154, .155, 156, 162, 172, 174, 196, 203. Stone Fleet Blockade, 95. Strawberry Plains, Va., action at, 315, 318. Strickland, Oliver E., 2d lieut. co. F, 49, 518. Strong, George G., brig, gen., comd g brig., 159, 160, 166, 168, 171. Sugar Loaf Hill, N. C., 358, 376. Sullivan, John, sergt. co. E, 2d lieut., 47, 123, 373, 508, 574. Sullivan, William M., 1st sergt. co. K, 1st lieut., 69, 374, 556, 588. Swamp Angel, 185, 189. Swift Creek, Va., action at, 255. Taggart, George L., priv. co. A, pr. qr.-mr. sergt., 127, 320, 460, 471. Talley, William Cooper, col., 1st Pennsylvania Reserves, 286, 328. Taylor, Isaac B., sergt. co. D, 2d lieut., 304, 356, 373, 496, 572. 608 INDEX. Taylor, Thomas S., 3d lieut. co. H, 1st lieut., 58, 59, 110. Tenth Army Corps, operations of, 152, 248, 251, 337, 339, 345. Terry, Alfred H., brig, gen., 137, 152, 158, 162, 165, 201; maj. gen., 247, 257; comd g 10th corps, 305, 324, 344, 347, 358, 364, 365, 366. Testimonial Letter to Col. H. R. Guss, 297 ; his reply, 298. The Captors of Fort Fisher, N. C., 423. The Last Ditch at Wilmington, N. C., 364. Thomas, Leonard R., corp. co. C, qr.-inr. sergt., 2d lieut., 35 ; 1st lieut., capt., maj., 36, 320, 333, 342, 356, 370, 373, 459, 488, 570, 590. Thompson, John W., 1st sergt. co. K, pr. 3d lieut., 69, 374, 556, 583. Tilghman, Benjamin C., col. 3d U. 8. C. T., 183. Torpedoes, 191. Tower Battery, James Island, 8. C., 116. Towle, George F., 1st lieut. 4th N. H., act. insp. gen., 183, 202; capt., 421, 422. Town Creek, N. C., enemy retreat behind, 360. Truce at Fort Wagner for burial of the dead, 175. Turner, John W., brig, gen., 255, 264, 310, 313, 321. Two Hundred Guns To-day, 424. Tybee Island, operations at, 99. Underwood, William 8., 1st sergt. co. K, 2d lieut,, 1st lieut., 4, 68, 304, 357; capt., 371, 374, 556, 583, 588, 590, 591. Veterans re-enlisted and on furlough, 241, 259; veterans of Keystone State, 372. Visitors to regiment, 304. Vogdes, Israel, brig, gen., 159, 162. Voyage to Port Royal, S. C., 93. Waddell, William B., State Senator, capt. Grey Reserves, 25, 28. Wainwright, John, 1st sergt. co. F, 4, 49; 2d lieut. 1st lieut. 50, 122, 233, 258, 320, 324, 326. 330, 332; capt., 334, 338, 354; maj., 356; lieut. col., 358, 368; col., 370, 371, 373. 458, 459, 517, 576, 598. Warren, Charles, priv. co. C, corp., 2d sergt., 2d lieut., 1st lieut. 36, 373, 486, 570. Warren, Governeur, maj. gen., comd g 5th corps, 273. Warsaw Sound, Ga., operations at, 98. Washington, D. C., 86, 87. Watkin, Lewis H., sergt. co. H, pr. 2d lieut., killed in action, 61; 262, 280, 538, 580. Wayne, William, capt. co. K, 65, 110, 121, 122, 134, 384, 385, 555, 590, 596, 597. Weber, Thomas E., 1st sergt. co. A, pr. 2d lieut., 17, 116, 146, 167, 465. Weir Bottom Church, action at, 320. Weir Bottom Church Road, action at, 267. Weitzel, Godfrey, maj. gen., 264, 339, 323. Weldon, N. C., 371, 372. Wells, how constructed at camp, 90. White, Richard, col. 55th P. V., comd g brig., 248, 257. Whitehead, Rev. William M., chaplain, 75, 132, 382, 456, 461. White House, Va,, 285, 286, 289. Williams, George W. , 1st lieut. co. D, 40, 142, 496. Williams, James, 1st sergt. co. I, 2d lieut., 64, 548. Williams, Robert, col. 1st Mass. Cav., 124, 125, 126, 131. Wilmington, N. C, 357; capture of, 360; prisoners at, 362; 364. Wood, Dr. J. B., commissioner to conduct election at camp of regiment, 328. Woodstock Mills, Ga., expedition to, 234, 236, 237. Wool, John E., maj. gen., 88. Worthington, Dr. Wilmer, address by, 426. Wright, Horatio Gates, brig, gen., 96, 98, 109, 128. Yaruall, Gasway O., 4th sergt., pr. 1st lieut., 54, 212, 241, 280, 303, 333, 528, 588, 590. Yoast, Jeremiah, sergt. co. G, 2d lieut., 55, 374, 528. Yorktown, Va., departure froia, 249. ERRATA. Page 24, line 7 from bottom, for ".I. E. Lord, read "T. E. Lord." Page . 54, line 21 from top, for "3d corporal," read "1st corporal." Page 4C>, line 11 from top, for "near Petersburg, Va., July 1<>," read "at Straw berry Plains, Va., Aug. Ifi." Page 50, line 9 from top, for February 28," read "Felruary 29." Page 84, bead line, for "October," read November." Page 93, line 3 of chapter head, for "January," read "June." Page 98, line 22 from top, for "Boston" read "Chelsea." Page 99, lines 10 and 30. "Gillmore," erroneously spelled "Gilmore;" same error inadvertently repeated on pages 100, 157, 159, IfiO. Page 114, line 3 from bottom, for "peninsula," read "island." Page 115, line 1U from top, for "Maj. (Jen.," read "Brig, (ien." Page 117, line 9 from bottom, transpose comma from after to before "himself." Page 119, line 16 from bottom, paragraph of 9 lines, was an inadvertent repe tition. Page 127, line 2 from top, for "Company I," read "Company G." Page 153, line 19 from top, for "John," read Joshua." Page 15f, head line, for "April," read "June." Page 199, line 12 from top, for "regiment," read "regiments." Page 254, lines 23 and 24, for " Brig. (Jen.," read "Maj. (Jen." Page 288, head line, for "May," read "June." Page 299, line (5 after chapter bead, for "January," read "June." Page 32t;, line 12 from top, for " R. II. Jackson," read " R. H. Jackson." Page 352, line 8 from top, for "the real," read "their real." Page 374, line 7 from top, for "George W. Middleton," read "George M. Mi<l- dleton." Page 4(55, line 9 from bottom, for "Jarvis," read "Jervis." Page 500, line 10 from top, for "James E. Latta," read "Jame W. Latta." Page 510, line 23 from top, for "in skirmish near Petersburg, Va., July 1(5, 18()4," read "in action at Strawberry Plains, Va., Aug., 1(5, 1804." Page 529, line 1, for "Colloum," read "Collom." Page 570, line I, in tabular statement, for "Gardiner," read "Gardner." Page 571, erroneously printed 271. Page 590, line 18, for "April 7," read "April 0." Page 591, line 20, for "April 7," read "April 6." RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT TO** 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation Desk Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date DUE AS STAMPED BELOW FFR 2 6 man r L.U " u lUOU REC.CIR.FEB2 3*80 FORM NO. DD6, 60m, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 1/78 BERKELEY, CA 94720 M2O8065 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY