IOOI H96c *i 'soaa oao"w.v COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. A PAPER READ BEFORE THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, MARCH i8th, 1895, BY F. A. HYETT. WITH THE SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS APPROVED BY THE SOCIETY, JANUARY, 1896. LONDON : PRINTED FOR THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY BY BLADES, EAST & BLADES. JUNE, 1896. COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. A PAPER READ BEFORE THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, MARCH i8th, 1895, BY F. A. HYETT. WITH THE SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS APPROVED BY THE SOCIETY, JANUARY, 1896. LONDON : PRINTED FOR THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY BY BLADES, EAST & BLADES. JUNE, 1896. B 2 E R. HYETT'S Paper, the outcome of his experience as one of the compilers of The Bibliographer's Ma?iual of Gloucestershire Literature, was read before the Bibliographical Society, on March 18th, 1895. The Society then resolved that copies of the Paper should be specially printed for distribution, in order that the inhabitants of counties whose literature has as yet been neglected might be urged to compile adequate bibliographies. At the same time, Mr. Hyett was requested to draw up a few concise suggestions, which might be revised by the Society and circulated with the Paper, in order to secure as much uniformity as possible in future work. Mr. Hyett's suggestions were considered by the Society, at its Meeting on January 20, 1896, and subsequently by the Council, and are now issued as thus revised. ALFRED W. POLLARD, Hon. Secretary. 702737 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES: SUGGESTIONS FOR INCREASING THEIR UTILITY. By F. A. HYETT. Head March 18th, 1895. ^j^HE subject of my Paper is one in which, from its nature, Si^O only a limited interest can be felt. But I venture to think that it has not received as much attention as it deserves. If ever the day arrives when the compilation of a national bibliography is put in hand, its completion will be greatly expedited if many descriptive catalogues of county literature are in existence. Indeed, if every county possessed a comprehensive bibliography, executed on one uniform plan, the editors of the national work would have little to do but eliminate, consolidate and classify. But at present how little work has .been done in this field. Among counties which have done anything, Cornwall stands pre-eminent in point of comprehensiveness. Cambridgeshire, Dorsetshire, Kent, Lancashire and Yorkshire have done good work. Devonshire and Norfolk have done something. Essex, Gloucestershire and Worcestershire have taken the work in hand. Mr. Madan's account of early-printed Oxford books which has just appeared, though a model of its kind, can only be regarded as sectional. But the large majority of counties possess no sort of record of their literature. And the works produced by the counties I have mentioned 8 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. are for the most part imperfect, or not up to date. Cambridgeshire and Staffordshire are the only counties possessed of bibliographies which are at once recent and satisfactory. Russell Smith's Bibliotheca Cantiana, one of the best of county bibliographies in method and arrangement, was published 58 years ago. The Bibliotheca Devoniensis and the Norfolk Topographers' Manual, though excellent in some respects, are mere instalments of what such works should be, and both are now more than 40 years old. The Yorkshire Library was published in 1869, and the Bibliotheca Comubiensis in 1874. There is, moreover, a wide divergence in the treatment and classification of the books collated by the several authors, as well as in the limits of their respective works. I have ventured to bring this subject before you this evening in the hope that by the direct instrumentality of this Society, or if that is impractic- able, then by the influence of its individual members, something may be done towards remedying the defects which I have noticed. I will ask you to consider the suggestions which I have to make under four heads I. How can County Bibliographies be most efficiently compiled ? II. How can uniformity of method be attained ? III. What are the proper limits of a County Bibliography? IV. How should the works falling within those limits be classified ? I. I have for many years past, in conjunction with a friend (the Rev. William Bazeley, Hon. Sec. of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society), been engaged on a Bibliography for the County of Gloucester and the City of Bristol, and the result of my labours has convinced me that it is not a work which should be undertaken by one, or even two, individuals, and that it could be much more readily and thoroughly performed by means of co-operation and organised sub-division of labour. The collation of important and well-known works, and the search for minor works in public or large private libraries, can be easily and efficiently performed by a single COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 9 individual ; but the county bibliographer's chief difficulty consists in the discovery of tracts or other ephemeral literature, copies of which (perhaps unique copies) have by a mere accident, or for some personal reason, been preserved only by those who are not accredited book-collectors, and are probably quite unaware that their literary possessions have either interest or value. The existence of such works can only be ascertained through some neighbour or acquaintance of their owner. This difficulty can no doubt be partially overcome by correspondence, but no one knows till they have had experience, how inaccurate and misleading are replies to enquiries on such matters, from those who have but a dim notion of the meaning of the word bibliography. Time and money are often wasted on fruitless journeys to inspect a bundle of tracts, which, on examination, prove to be outside the limits of the author's work, or to have been seen by him before. And when all has been done that can be done by enquiry and correspondence, there is always the risk that the search in certain districts has not been as exhaustive as it might have been. The scheme, therefore, which I venture to advocate is this. Let the production of a county bibliography be undertaken by a society formed for the purpose, or perhaps better still, by a committee of some society already in existence. I do not think that it would be difficult to induce many an Antiquarian, or Literary, or Public Record Society, to enter on such a work, if its importance were represented to them, and they were instructed how they should set about it. Having undertaken the work, the society should proceed to map out the county into districts, varying in size inversely with the density of the population, and a committee should be constituted, of which one member at least should reside in each district. An editor would have to be appointed, and it would be as well if a small editorial sub-committee were also appointed to frame regulations for the conduct of the work. It would be the duty of each member of the general committee to search his district as thoroughly as possible for works falling within the prescribed limits of the bibliography, and to forward to the editor collations of all such works as came under his notice, on forms with which he would have been io COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. furnished. To avoid duplicate collations, each member might be periodically supplied by the editor with lists of works which had been collated. This method would ensure an exhaustive search and uniformity of treatment. And as the existence and ownership of every work would be thus made known to the editor, he could with little difficulty personally examine any one of more than ordinary interest, if the account of it which he had received was insufficient. This scheme of sub-dividing a county into districts is by no means a visionary one. It has been adopted with marked success in some counties, for the purpose of obtaining photographs of objects of historic or antiquarian interest, and also for the purpose of obtaining drawings and descriptions of church plate, and I see no reason why it should not be applied with a like success to bibliography. By this means I believe that each county could, at least expense, in the least time, and in the most thorough manner, produce a bibliography of its own literature. II. But to make the scheme really effective, individual counties should not act entirely independently. If each committee framed their own rules, there would be as much diversity in the results of their labours as is to be found in existing local bibliographies. In order to overcome this difficulty I would respectfully urge on this Society that it might with advan- tage step in. If it would take the initiative and issue a strong recommendation, addressed to local Archaeological or Literary Societies, showing the object and importance of the work, accompanied by instructions for its performance, a step more likely to be effectual than any other would have been taken towards attaining that uniformity in system which is so desirable. These instructions should set out (i.) The limits of the work. (2.) Its arrangement. (3.) The treatment of the works to be noticed, and specimen pages would form a useful adjunct. COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. n The success of the scheme which I have sketched would depend on the interest in it which could be evoked. Indeed, if it were favourably entertained in the first instance, it would break down (as all committee work breaks down), if there were not at least one member of the committee that had taken it in hand, who had some enthusiasm for the work, and who realized its nature and importance. But is it too much to expect that one such individual is to be found in every county in the kingdom ? The means of disposing of a sufficient number of copies to cover the cost of printing is no doubt a serious consideration. Probably the readiest means of doing so would be to issue each work in annual parts, as a supplement to the Transactions of the Society engaged on its production. If the prospectus of the work were issued under the auspices of this Society, it would be some guarantee of its character, and might induce public libraries to subscribe for copies. And here I would suggest, as a rider to my scheme, that after such a work had been completed in any county, it might very readily be kept up to date by printing, as an integral portion of the Transactions of the Society which compiled it, a bibliography of all local works published during the past year. Indeed, if the scheme itself be thought too ambitious, the rider might alone be adopted. We should then at any rate be shortly possessed of a descriptive register of current local literature. III. What are the proper limits of a County Bibliography ? I offer my suggestions on this head with much diffidence, as I know that I am addressing those who are far more competent to speak on such a matter than I am. The margin of limitation is a very wide one. When the county bibliographer sets about placing the metes and bounds of the fields in which he is to labour, he has a harder task before him than the uninitiated might suppose. If he decides that his work shall include all "local C 2 12 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. literature " in the widest possible signification of that term, and he is under- taking the work single-handed, it is to be hoped that he is a young and very healthy man, for the chances are that he will well-nigh have reached the allotted threescore years and ten, ere he sees his work completed. Even if such a work were undertaken by co-operation in the manner I have sug- gested it would be a lengthy process, and it would not, in my judgment, be satisfactory when achieved, for it would be too bulky and too heterogeneous for general utility. For the purpose of considering what works shall be included in or discarded from a county bibliography I will divide all literature which can by any possibility be described as "local " into the following classes : i. Printed works the contents of which exclusively relate to the county or to any part of it. 2. Printed works which contain a substantive and important reference to the county or to any part of it. 3. Biographies of inhabitants of the county. 4. Locally printed works. 5. Works written by inhabitants of the county. 6. Speeches or sermons on general subjects delivered within the county. 7. Prints. 8. Maps. 9. Manuscripts. I will consider these classes in the reverse order to that in which I have enumerated them. Class 9. Manuscripts I would reject. There is such a hard and fast line between them and printed matter, and they require such different treat- ment, that I think they should be reserved for a separate work. If this is agreed to a great difficulty will be avoided, as it is by no means easy to lay COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 13 down any satisfactory rule with regard to their selection. If public docu- ments only are included, private letters, which may be of greater historic interest, will be excluded. And I am glad to say that this class is diminish- ing in size, as most manuscripts of importance are being printed by Record Societies. Classes 7 and 8. Prints and maps, though appertaining to local literature, do not strictly fall within that definition. And for that reason, and perhaps that reason only, they might be rejected if it is desired to restrict the dimensions of the work. In this suggestion I am referring only to separate prints. Volumes of prints would fall under classes 1 or 2. In the case of small counties, single prints (which are often of extreme interest) might be included with advantage. Class 6. Sermons and speeches that have no claim to admittance but their delivery within the precincts of the county, I would unhesitatingly reject. In this decision, I believe most bibliographers would joyfully acquiesce ; but there should be some exceptions in favour of speeches or sermons, the appearance of which fixes any date, or marks any event in local history, e.g., sermons on the consecration or re-opening of a church ; speeches at the opening of an institution, etc. Funeral sermons would be included in Class 3 (Biography) if that class is retained. Class 5. Works on general subjects written by local authors, I would also reject. Their connection with the county is rather nominal than sub- stantial. Their inclusion might be gratifying to local sentiment, but I do not see that it could answer any useful purpose. I advocate this with the greater confidence, because I see that a Vice-President of this Society (Mr. Christie) has expressed the same opinion in his admirable paper on Special Bibliographies. It is the inclusion of this class which to my mind somewhat lessens the value of the Bibliothcca Cornubicnsis. Class 4. Locally printed works. The question whether this class should be included is a very debatable one, and in my opinion the answer I 4 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. should greatly depend on whether the county bibliography is to be a hand- maid to a national bibliography, or an independent work. If the former, I should without hesitation say that it should be included. Indeed, if we had complete bibliographies of all printed matter from local presses, the compilers of the national work would require little or nothing else from the provinces. I doubt, however, if this were all that counties were asked to take in hand, and Classes i and 2 were to be excluded, whether there would be sufficient interest in the proposal for its acceptance. But if a county bibliography is to be an independent work, framed on lines which will make it as useful and as acceptable to the county as possible, I incline to think, although with some reluctance, that locally printed works should be excluded. Much the same reasoning applies to them as to works by native authors. They have, at least from the student's point of view, no intrinsic relation to the county. Indeed, their only con- nection with it may be said to be the accident of birth. But the same rules can hardly be applied to large and small counties, and if locally printed works do not make a bibliography too voluminous, I think no one would cavil at their inclusion. Class 3. In considering whether or no biographies of inhabitants shall be included, I would repeat the remark which I have just made with regard to Class 4. If space will admit, they should be included. The history of a county and the lives of its inhabitants are so inseparably con- nected, that it is hard to see on what principle they are to be distinguished. I certainly think that works in this class have a prior claim to locally printed works, and it is with great regret that my friend and I have been forced by want of space, to exclude them from our own book. I would, however, warn those who intend to include biographies that it will involve a decision on many nice points. The title to admission of particular works in this class is often difficult to settle. Are inhabitants to include natives, residents, and office-bearers? If so, is birth without COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 15 residence sufficient ? What length of residence is necessary ? What office shall entitle its holders to admission ? If, however, this class, as a class, be rejected, it does not follow that all works which would fall within it, were it retained, will necessarily be rejected also. The biography of a man, who is described on the title as of a certain place, ought surely to be classed with works relating to that place. For example, "An English county squire as sketched at Hardwicke Court." properly finds a place with books on Hardwicke. And under the heading " Berkeley," it would be a flagrant omission if all the literature relating to the great Berkeley Law Suits were omitted. Class 2. Works which contain a substantive reference to the county or to any part of it have not hitherto, except in the case of the Lancashire Library, found a place in existing county bibliographies. But I cannot see on what ground they can be reasonably excluded. If they are rejected, the student of the history of a county will find its bibliography but an im- perfect guide. While speaking of this class, I will say that if my suggestion of a com- plete series of county bibliographies is ever carried out, the first volumes of the series should be a bibliography of works on general topography. By this means the valuable suggestion made by Mr. Wheatley might be utilized, and the titles of many works containing references to particular counties need not be repeated in the county bibliographies, as a reference to the earlier volume of the series, where each was to be found in full, would suffice. The reference to the county in this class, should be either a chapter, or distinct portion of the book under a separate heading. Mere casual mentions of the county in the texts of works on general subjects, could not be noticed without making the bibliographer's work almost endless. Excep- tions to this rule may, however, be made in favour of a few standard works, such as Leland's Itinerary or Dugdale's Monasticon. I observe that Colonel 16 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. Fishwick places Papers in the Transactions of Societies in this class. I should place them in Class i (which I am about to notice) as I think that these, as well as articles in reviews and magazines (if they relate exclusively to the county) should be regarded as independent works. Class i. Printed works, the contents of which relate exclusively to the county or to any part of it. This Class forms the backbone of every county bibliography, and must be included as a matter of course. The only question with reference to it requiring discussion is the meaning which we are to assign to "works." I would urge that that word should here have the widest possible significa- tion, and should include all printed matter, from books as ponderous as Piranese or as voluminous as the Encyclopedic Metkodique down to chap- books, broadsides, and leaflets, if their contents are ever likely to be of the slightest historical value. In the selection to be made from these latter, much discretion must be exercised, but I venture to think that here sins of omission are greater than sins of commission. Unfortunately, the biblio- grapher cannot " Look into the seeds of Time, And say which grain will grow and which will not ;" and however unpalatable it may be to him, he should chronicle the existence of much trash, in order that what may ultimately prove of value may not escape notice. I would then make Class i comprise all books, pamphlets, tracts, acts of parliament, articles in magazines, papers in transactions of societies, local periodicals, broadsides, and leaflets, the contents of which exclusively relate to the county. Local periodicals would of course include reports of public bodies and associations within the county, and they should also include newspapers published within the county. I have expressly made this class comprise only works, the contents of which, relate to the county, in order to exclude those which have a merely nominal relation to it. Excep- tions must, however, be occasionally made, and now and then a work will be dragged in, by main force as it were, through the prominence of a COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 17 name on its title. For example, Clement Barksdale's Nympha Libethris or the Cotswold Muse, could hardly with propriety be excluded from a Gloucestershire bibliography, nor could a collection of verses entitled A Gloucestershire Garland, though the text of neither work contains any reference to that county. IV. When the limits of the bibliography have been ascertained, how should the works falling within those limits be arranged ? In the treatment of the notice of each work (a subject outside the scope of this paper) the bibliographer is always in the unpleasant position of having to serve two masters, whose requirements are different. The book-collector demands of him what Mr. Madan calls "ultra-scientific accuracy," which to the student is a stumbling-block and an offence. But in matters of arrangement (at least as far as topographical works are con- cerned), he is in no such predicament. Both students and bibliophiles desire a classification that will enable them to find the work or group of works for which they are searching with the greatest ease. In local biblio- graphies, I believe that the arrangement which will suit the one will also suit the other. Such works will probably be consulted by the writer of a book or the collector of books relating to a particular town or parish, and both desire to find a record of all literature relating to that place under one heading. For this reason I should condemn an alphabetical arrangement under authors' names. This mode of classification seems to me a flaw in Boase and Courtney's great work. I would for the same reason (at least as far as main headings are concerned) reject a subject-classification, such as that which is partially adopted in the otherwise excellent Bibliothcca Dorsctiensis. Such an arrangement is always more or less capricious, and puzzles the searcher. Why should " Works illustrating Social Life" be under a separate heading, when many of them relate to different towns or parishes. As " locality " (using the word in a somewhat abstract sense) is the raison d'etre of a county bibliography, locality should be the guiding principle in 18 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. its arrangement. Hence every work of whatever kind or description, if included because of its relation to a particular parish or town, should be classed under the heading of that parish or town. Even if it is determined that a bibliography should be all-embracing, five out of the nine classes into which I divided local literature for the purpose of discussing its proper limits, would then disappear as main headings, and only now and then appear as sub-headings. Thus works relating in whole or in part to a particular place (including, of course, periodicals and acts of parliament), works printed, and sermons and speeches delivered in it, as well as maps and prints of it, should all be collected under that place. The main head- ing now under consideration, viz. : Works relating to particular towns and parishes, will thus constitute the most important and probably the largest part of the bibliography. Not only will it be found that this is the most convenient arrangement (which should be, of course, the chief aim), but also the most interesting, as the narrower the limits within which you can localise any work, the greater interest do you impart to it. For example, The Gloucestershire Tragedy, placed among works relating to the county generally, would pass unnoticed, but when placed under the head of the village in which the tragedy occurred, it at once attracts attention. Having placed all the works under the head of the town or parish to which they belong, the remainder should be divided into those which relate to defined districts of the county (if any such exist), and those which relate to the whole or undefined areas of the county. I have men- tioned these three classes in the reverse order to that which they should occupy in the work when completed, in order to show which class, while the process of classification is going on, should have priority. The arrangement of the work will then be analogous to that in Anderson's Book of British Topography ; works relating to the county generally, taking the place in his work assigned to those on general topography, and those relating to particular places taking the place of those under the heads of particular counties. If it is decided to include COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 19 biographies, or works by local authors, these should, I think, form classes by themselves. I do not propose to say much about sub-headings, as these must vary with the peculiarities of the literature of particular places. But in works relating to the whole county and to large towns, obviously some sub- divisions will be requisite. In the former case, works which relate in whole may be conveniently separated from those which relate in part to the county. And in both cases, acts of parliament and periodicals will probably be found to be sufficiently numerous to justify their being placed under separate sub-headings. In the case of a watering place, its guides had better be collected under one head. In all such matters there is room for a wide difference of taste, but for my own part I think that a multiplication of sub-headings is a mistake, and should only be resorted to when a particular class of literature would overshadow all the rest. To summarize what I have said, the arrangement which I would sug- gest for a county bibliography would be as follows : I. Works relating to the county generally. a. Works the whole of which relate to the county. b. Works containing substantive references to the county. c. Periodicals. d. County administration. e. Acts of Parliament. II. Works relating to defined districts of the county. III. Works relating to parishes and towns. IV. Biographies of inhabitants. The arrangement of works in each sub-division (except periodicals) to be chronological. Works of the same year, when the day of publication is 20 COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES. known, or when their sequence is otherwise ascertainable, to be arranged chronologically, but when this is not possible they are to be arranged alpha- betically. If it is decided to reject biographies, Class 4 would be omitted, without otherwise altering the arrangement. If on the other hand it is determined to include every kind of local literature, "works by local authors" would form Class 5, and there would be more sub-headings : e.g., maps, prints, and manuscripts relating to the whole county would constitute respectively sub-divisions/,^, and h of Class 1. There might also have to be sub- headings for these works under some of the districts, parishes, &c, and "locally printed works" would form a sub-heading under most of the towns. SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE LIMITS AND ARRANGEMENT OF COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHIES, APPROVED BY THE SOCIETY. ARRANGEMENT. I. WORKS RELATING TO THE COUNTY GENERALLY. A. Printed Matter Relating Exclusively to the County. Printed Matter as used in this heading should include not only books, but all such pamphlets, articles in Reviews or Magazines, papers in the Transactions of Societies, broadsides and leaflets as are likely to throw any light on the history of the County. In determining what should be excluded from this class the editor will often have to exercise much discretion. Poetry and fiction, the scene of which is laid in the County, should be included. B. Printed Matter Containing References to the County. The same sense should be assigned to Printed Matter in this as in the previous heading. It will, however, rarely happen that any broadside or leaflet will fall within this class. No references to the County should be noticed which are not of a substantive character, such as separate chapters or parts of a book under a separate heading. C. Periodicals. Periodicals should include not only local Magazines and News- papers, but reports of local Institutions and Societies. D. County Administration. This class should comprise all printed orders and reports issued by Quarter Sessions, the County Council, or any 22 SUGGESTIONS. Government Department, and any literature incidental to the administration of justice, or to the government of the County. E. Acts of Parliament. The Acts included in this class should be all Public, Local and Personal and Private Acts which relate exclusively, or which contain important reference to the whole or large parts of the County. F. Maps. II. WORKS RELATING TO PARTICULAR PARISHES, TOWNS, OR WELL-DEFINED DISTRICTS. The Parishes, Towns, etc., should all be arranged in alphabetical order, under each of which all the printed matter relating to it, of every kind and description, should be collected. Thus the works in this class under any particular place, will comprise not only histories and guides and such other works as relate exclusively to it, but works on more general subjects which contain substantive references to it, Acts of Parliament, Local Government orders, papers in periodicals, parish magazines, etc., etc. This class should also include prints and maps. In the case of the large majority of parishes, no sub-division will be necessary, and whatever literature relates to it should be arranged chrono- logically. Parochial periodicals may be placed after the dated or (if there be any) undated works, or under the year of their establishment. In the case of the Districts and larger Towns, some sub-divisions, more or less similar to those adapted with works relating to the whole country, are desirable. No hard and fast rule can be laid down as to the numbers or names of the sub-divisions, which must depend on the peculiarities of the literature relating to the Town or District in question. If it is decided to include locally printed works, these should have sub-divisions to themselves under the Towns where printing presses have existed. It is recommended that only works locally printed before 1750 should be noticed as such. SUGGESTIONS. 23 III. BIOGRAPHIES. It is suggested that this class should comprise biographies of persons who are connected with the county by birth, or residence of considerable length, or who have held important offices within it, such as Bishops, Deans, Incumbents, Members of Parliament, Recorders, etc., etc. The subjects of the biographies are to be arranged in alphabetical order, and the works relating to each are to be arranged chronologically A wide signification is to be placed on " biography," which should include not only lives, but notices in periodicals, controversies of a personal character, and funeral sermons. If any one whose biographies are noticed has been an author, a list of his writings should be appended. ARRANGEMENT OF BOOKS IN EACH CLASS. 1. All works which are dated, or to which a date can be assigned (except periodicals), in each sub-division or under each main heading which is not sub-divided, are to be arranged chronologically. 2. Works in any class which were printed in the same year are to be arranged alphabetically, unless their sequence is ascertainable, in which case they are to be arranged chronologically. 3. Undated works should always be approximately dated when possible. When this cannot be done, they should be placed after dated works, arranged in alphabetical order. Works which can only be assigned to a particular period should be placed at the commencement of that period. 4. Besides the main entries in the chronological order, a separate list in alphabetical order should be given of all undated works, and cross references given to the year under which they are arranged. 5. Periodicals should be arranged alphabetically, either in a single class, or, if sufficiently numerous, under sub-headings. 24 SUGGESTIONS. 6. In all classes where an alphabetical arrangement has been resorted to, the works within it are to be arranged in accordance with the first letter of the first word of the title, not being an article or preposition. 7. An index of authors of works noticed should be appended. Under each author's name the short titles of the works referred to should be added. 8. An index of subjects should be added to the work. FORM OF COLLATION, NOTES, &c. The titles, including the imprint, of all books should, in general, be given verbatim. Quotations on the title page may, however, be omitted. The titles of works which cannot ever have any bibliographical interest (e.g., Acts of Parliament and Local Government Board Orders) may be abbreviated. Omissions should be indicated by three dots. The size and number of pages of all works noticed (other than periodicals) should be given, and also in the case of important works, the signatures, and any other particulars which may seem desirable. A list of the plates in each work should be given whenever no such list occurs in ' the work itself. Where the list given is inaccurate, the inaccuracies should be noticed. The authorship of anonymous and pseudonymous works should, when ascertainable, be stated. When not evident from the title of a work an explanatory note should always be added showing its connection with the locality under which it is placed. The names of persons alluded to in the text under initials or pseudonyms, should, when possible, be given. Any facts of interest which can be collected respecting the origin or production of a work should be stated in the notes. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Tffitep Form L9-100m-9,'52(A3105)444 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A A 000 067 411 9