iSTMINSTER £>''=. n - I- THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES NOTES AND DOCUMENTS RELATING TO WESTMINSTER ABBEY No. 5 THE MONKS OF WESTMINSTER CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, :^[ANAGER iLontion: FETTER LANE, E.G. iPUinburglj : 100 PRINCES STREET i^rfa) iork: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS iSombag, ^Calcutta anU iBatiras: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. ^Toronto: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd. iTokco: THE MARUZEN-KABDSHIKI-KAISHA ylll rights reserved THE MONKS OF WESTMINSTER BEING A REGISTER OF THE BRETHREN OF THE CONVENT FROM THE TIME OF THE CONFESSOR TO THE DISSOLUTION WITH LISTS OF THE OBEDIENTIARIES AND AN INTRODUCTION BY E. H. PEARCE, M.A. CANON AND ARCHDEACON OF WESTMINSTER Cambridge : at the University Press 1916 H. E. R. DOMINO ABBATI WESTMON VIRO DEO DEVOTO ECCLESIE NOSTRE NECESSARIQi W. B. C. DOMINO PRIORI PRO SERMONIBVS IN CHORO MAGNIS RECREACIONIBVS DIGNO^ W. H. C. CELERARIO ET GARDINARIO CVIVS ARMATVRA NON POTEST ALICVI APTARP R. H. C. THESAVRARIO QVI PICTVRAS APOCALYPSIS IN CLAVSTRO INFIRMITORII FIERI FACIT* H. R. G. QVI EST VLTIMVS NVNC IN CONGREGACIONE^ HASCE ANTECESSORVM NOSTRORVM CEDVLAS D D SVPPRIOR ET ARCHIDIACONVS 1 p. 85, 2 p_ 153 3 p. 107. 4 p. 112. 5 p. 126. 540737 CONTENTS PAGE 1. Preface ix 2. Introduction 1 3. Register of Monks 39 4. Lists of Abbots, Priors and Obedientiaries 193 5. Appendix ....... 214 6. Index of Monks 218 7. General Index 225 PREFACE AN effort has been made in this volume to re-people the Convent of -^-^ St Peter, Westminster, by such an examination of the records as would enable me to cite the authorities for each name included and for each statement about the bearer of the name. The Abbots are in many cases already well known in their character and their work, though much more may yet be done to make the personalities of some of them a living reality to our generation by means of the documents which survive from their time and bear their seal. But the more we know of the Abbots, the more conscious we become that the daily round of conventual doings was from their life " a thing apart," while to the Prior and monks it was their " whole existence." The material that survives in the cases of Abbot Walter de Wenlok and Abbot William Colchester shows how small a portion of each year was spent by them at Westminster. The call of the King might send them to foreign parts ; the affairs of the Order or the needs of the Convent might take them to Rome or Avignon ; when they were in England, they flitted about from property to property, — Laleham, Pyrford, Cleygate, Denham, Islip and Pershore, — with a monk or two in their train to act as seneschal or chaplain ; and even if they w^ere at W^estminster, they mostly resided outside the precincts at their manor- house of La Neyte. So the daily existence of the Abbey depended on the Prior and his Brethren. It was time, therefore, that these should be brought out of the shadow-land in which they have been allowed to remain. It needed some courage to undertake such a task, especially as I had had no experience in deciphering mediaeval documents when I came to live in the Abbey five years ago. But certain circumstances encouraged me. My colleagues, and more especially the Dean, were ready to give their favour to another instalment of the Westminster series. Dr Edward Scott, the Keeper of the Muniments, has never tired of allowing a beginner to draw upon his unique experience or to beg for his revision of transcripts made by a prentice hand. I had also before me the volumes already produced by the Dean of Wells, who has shown a constant interest in the continuance of his work. When I had practically completed my list of the later monks (from 1297-8 X PREFACE onwards), he entrusted to me a similar list drawn up by his lamented friend, the Rev. R. B. Rackham, who, if his valuable life had been spared, would have expanded his catalogue into a more adequate Register of our Bene- dictines than I can hope to produce. But I have been able to test my results in various ways. For instance, the Rev. H. F. Westlake, our Custodian, came upon the names of several Westminster monks in the course of a recent examination of the accounts left by the Guild of the Assumption connected with St Margaret's parish ; and I was thankful to find that all of these monks were already on my list. The Convent was clearly intended to accommodate a Prior and about 50 Brethren. I have recently noted the totals of 152 years, ranging between 1328 and 1534, and find the average number attained by the Prior and Convent to be 46-96, or roughly 47. The highest was 59, about 1400 ; the lowest w^as 32, in 1362-3, when the ravages of the Black Death were still felt. In the fourteenth century, the figures for Avhich are by no means complete, the average was 44. In the first quarter of the fifteenth it was 49; afterwards there was a gradual decline, — 48 from 1425 to 1475, 46 for the last quarter, and 44 for that portion of the sixteenth century during which the Convent w^as spared. In a work which has involved the consultation of thousands of documents I cannot hope, even with the splendid help of the Cambridge Press, to escape many errors, though none of them, I hope, may be grievous. I trust that those who find them will point them out, and will pardon them for the sake of what has resulted from the investigation. Dr Scott has greatly helped in the reading of the proofs, but I must personally accept the responsibility for the indexes, only pleading that they first took shape amid the somewhat unquiet studiousness of an officers' mess and have been finished in circum- stances which still compelled the panni nigri to yield to arms. For myself, I can only say that, with these names and these administra- tive careers before my mind, I find the mediaeval Abbey no longer ghostly and unreal, but flushed with all the signs of a vigorous circulation. I feel a genuine sympathy with Thouias Elfrede who was professed as a monk here under Henry VII's Abbot and died a Prebendary under Edward VI's Dean ; and who, when his will was proved, was found to have left direc- tions that he should be buried in some spot which in his youth he had passed daily, as he and his Brethren went their processional round of prayer and praise. E. H. P. 3 Little Cloisters, On the Feast of St EdwarcPs Translation, 1916. INTRODUCTION In the course of an article on The Benedictine Abbey of Westminster in the Church Quarterly Review, April, 1907, Dr Armitage Robinson, now Dean of Wells, laid down the lines on which investigations into the history of the Abbey can be most profitably pursued. He paid to Richard Widmore^ a tribute, to which every searcher among the Muniments will gladly sub- scribe. He pointed out how much was done by his great predecessor in the Deanery, Dr A. P. Stanley, to familiarise the English people by means of wonderful word-pictures with the innumerable occasions on which the Abbey church has been the scene of stately national functions, and the present writer may venture to add himself to the number of those who, having been children when Stanley was Dean, can now trace their first impression of what Westminster means to one of his vivid addresses at the annual children's service on Holy Innocents' Day. But Stanley, as Dean Robinson rightly insisted {op, cit. p. 59), " had no kind of sympathy with the monks," whether the actual denizens of our Convent or the devotees of Benedictinisni in general. His heart was with the kings and queens, the courtiers and statesmen, the men of arms and of the toga, whose bodies are buried in peace here, rather than with those whose lot was to offer incense, to prevent with their orisons the dawning of the morning, to make the darkness of the Abbey to be light by burning hundreds of candles round the tombs of the mighty, and in other ways so to commend the monastic vocation to the wealthy and to the powerful that the church and its surrounding buildings were gradually helped on to completion. Now the question which the present instalment hopes to answer may be stated somewhat on this wise. The church of St Peter being in the^inqulry." somc rcspects the national ecclesiastical centre, it was natural for Kings and their craftsmen to glorify it, as Professor Lethaby- has shown, and for Abbots and their Brethren to labour at the finances and 1 A History of the Church of St Peter, Westminster, commonly called Westminster Abbey, chiefly from Manuscript Authorities. By Richard Widmore, M.A. , Librarian to the Dean and Chapter, and Author of An Enquiry into the Time of the First Foundation of the Abbey. London, 1751. 2 Westminster Abbey and the Kings' Craftsmen, 1906. P. M. W. 1 2 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER the quarry- work of construction, as Mr Rackham' has shown ; but what can be gathered about the Convent on its personal side ? The Abbey was the home of monks as much as its church was the oratory of Kings. The Confessor and Henry III and Richard II and Henry V and Henry \1 may at certain periods have continued instant in prayer, but priests must have ministered to theii' liturgical necessities. If so, who were these priests ? The great Dormitory, again, still stands, though it is now divided in its service to the two semi-independent societies, the Chapter and the School ; but can we not re-people it with the ancient occupants of its cubicles ? There remains also the northern wall of the Refectory, and a little technical ingenuity would fashion that building anew for us and restore the tables and make the skilla tinkle for grace or for the reading of the lection ; but who in a given year sat at the tables, and what was the total muster, when the last laggard had arrived at his accustomed seat at the board ? The Great Cloister, as we know, served the purposes of a common-room, a school for novices, a play- centre, and the like ; the signs of these things are still there ; but who were the teachers and the taught and the players of the games ? To these might be added certain actuarial and hygienic considerations. Was life in the monastery marked by its brief duration, or did many seem to " pass beyond the goal of ordinance"? What evidence is there as to the incidence of disease upon a society living out its life on a system that may fairly be described as non-natural ? These and many other such lines of inquiry would be satisfied if we had an adequate list of our monks with the years of their entry and their decease. Let us reckon up what data we already had. The actual heads of the house at any time, — the Abbots and the Priors, — could be The extent of , . "^ . our present fairly wcll ascertained, the latter less completely than the former. John Flete gives information, with a certainty which we cannot now support, about the dates at which the Abbots succeeded one another, but from the middle of the eleventh century onwards there is not much question about their names. Widmore- gives connected records of each of them, which always bear witness to his amazing knowledge of the Muniments ; and Dr Robinson^ has further defined and diminished the uncertainties as to some of Flete's dates. Within limits, then, there is no doubt about the Abbots. The Priors are more elusive, and no clearer witness could be borne to the thoroughness of Widmore 's investigations than that which is The Priors. ... contained in the list of Priors (some with and some without ^ The Nave of WestmiTister, British Academy Proceedings, Vol. iv ; issued separately by the Oxford University Press. Building at Westminster Abbey, from the Great Fire (1298) to the Great Plague (1348), Archaeological Journal, Vol. Lxvn, No. 267; issued separately, 1910. 2 pp. 1—128. » Flete, p. 140 S. INTRODUCTION 3 dates), which he prints\ and of which he truly says that "it is fuller and more exact than what has been hitherto printed." The roll of Priors is liable to addition and correction at any time, as Dr Scott proceeds with his great work of describing and indexing the Muniments. For, up to the time when the rolls of the Chamberlain or of Queen Alianore's manors begin to contain full lists, we are dependent upon the miscellaneous documents that survive, — acquittances, leases, the collection or payment of tenths, and the like ; though in most cases the name of the Prior is not given, but simply the corporate title of " the Prior and Convent." As a rule, the most that we have in the way of personal touch is an initial ; thus the person of William de Huntyndon [q.v.] is concealed under the description " W Prior." Let us take him as an instance of the difficulty. It happens that we possess rather more than 70 documents that refer either to him by name or to the Prior during his tenure of that office. In his case the number is largely due to the fact that he (or, as is sometimes stated, he and the Convent) was commissary in the archdeaconries of London and Middlesex to Richard de Gravesend, Bishop of London, and Bartholomew de Ferentino, Canon of St Paul's^ the official collectors of the tenth imposed for three years by Boniface VIII. Widmore dates him as Prior in 1298, but we cannot trace his actual election, though we do know that it was by compromission^ Neither can we certainly date his decease. There are documents connected with the collection of the tenths which imply that he was alive in Feb. 1305. There is also a draft'* of the protest addressed by Roger de Aldenham, after Prior Huntjmdon's death, against the interference of Abbot Wenlok with the accepted custom of filling the vacancy, but the protest does not include a date. All we can show from the Muniments is that by Jul. 1307 Huntyndon's successor, Reginald de Hadham, had been both elected to the priorship by the Convent and deprived of it by Abbot Wenlok. It appears from Flores Eistoriaruni (ill, 129) that the election occurred on 2 Aug. 1305. If we pass back to the twelfth century, when the business papers are more scarce, the difficulty of naming and dating the Priors is proportionately greater; often all that we know, as in the case of William Postard, is that such an one was Prior at the time of his election to the Abbacy. If, again, we pass on to the middle of the fourteenth century, we begin to have the help, such as it is, of the manorial lists and of those of the Chamberlain. In every case these lists begin with a payment of money or an assignment of clothing to Dominus Prior, but it is not till late in the fifteenth century that they give us the Prior's name. We have to detect his election by the disappearance of his name from its accustomed place in the list of monks, being careful to note that he is not included inter mortuos; that is, in a ^ Appendix xviii, pp. 228 — 9. 2 He held the prebend of Twyford. Hennessy, Repertorium Londinense, p. 52. 3 See below, pp. 73, 92. * Mun. 9508. 1—2 4 MOXKS OF WESTMINSTER little group added at the end after a slight gap. Even so, we are w-ithout the day and the month of his election, and, failing any dated documents in which he is styled Prior, all we can say is that he had become so by the point of time in the autumn when the scrivener engrossed the compotus roll or when the obedientiary with whom we are dealing balanced his accounts. In this and in other ways it has been possible to add four names — Eadwye, Richard Excestr', William Walsh, and Roger Blake — to Widmore's list of Priors. Widmore provides also a list of the Ai'chdeacons of Westminster. He "had no intention at first," he says, to publish this list and dlL^c^ns*^ "may have omitted some of the oldest^" It is a matter of interest, indeed it is quite unique, that the Dean and Chapter of Westminster should yearly appoint one of their number to be Archdeacon, ^^^th the right to a place in the Lower House of the Canterbury Convocation. But the obedientiaries' rolls make no mention of this office and our Muni- ments include veiy few documents that record its doings. The Archdeacon, as such, had no apparent authority inside the Convent and to this day he has no intrinsic precedence in the Chapter. Long after the courtesy adjunct of " Venerable " had become usual in the case of other Archdeacons, it had no place in the records of our Chapter, which speak even in May 1887 of " the Rev. Archdeacon Fan-ar." The fact is that the Archdeacon of the monastery concerned the public more than the monasteiy ; his sphere was that of causes matrimonial, excommunications, and the like. At the same time a right performance of "archidiaconal functions," whatever they were, was in practice recognised as a qualification for higher office. We learn about the earliest known Archdeacon, Richard de Crokesley, only through his ha\Tng been such when he was elected Abbot, [16] Dec. 1246; we do not know when he became Archdeacon nor any thing that he did as such'-. In the same way William Colchester [q.v.], one of the most notable of our Abbots, was certainly Archdeacon just a month before his promotion to the highest room (10 Dec. 1386), and we can trace him at the same work in 1382^ Moreover, when we examine the careers of the monks who filled this office, we find that William de Zepeswych [q.v.] could hold the Precentorship with the Archdeaconry ; that William Colchester could be at once Archdeacon and Sacrist ; John Stowe [q.v.] Archdeacon and Almoner ; John Borewell'* [q.v.] Archdeacon and Treasurer both of the Convent and of the Royal manors. In each of these 1 He could have added six Archdeacons to his list, if he had examined the account-book of Prior Walsh {Mun. 33289). 2 Cf. Flete, p. 108. 3 Cf. E. H. Pearce, William de Colchester, Abbot of Westminster (S.P.C.K. 1915), p. 41. ^ Dr Basil Wilberforce, the late Archdeacon, presented to the Chapter a die of Borewell's oflBcial seal, copied from an impression preserved in the British Museum (cxxi. 12). This is handed to the Archdeacon of Westminster in Chapter at the time of his annual election, keys being similarly delivered to the Treasurer and the Steward. INTRODUCTION 5 cases the responsibilities of the monastic office were considerable and the Archdeaconry would scarcely be added if its duties too were of any great weight. In Abbot Ware's time it was usual to address the Archdeacon in the cloister and in Chapter not by his title but by his name. He must get leave from the Prior to go as far as the City of London, but, being "in exteriore cura spirituali specialis domni Abbatis vicarius," he could go freely to the Palace and to other parts of Westminster in the discharge of his proper functions, leaving word that he would be absent for a time\ In the same way when Abbot Colchester drew up in 1407 a deed appropriating the revenues of the church at Aldenham to the purposes of his anniversary at the Abbey, he inserted an instruction that the Archdeacon of Westminster for the time being should be in direct charge of the church and should give account of the receipts ^ Apart, then, from these three lists, containing in all about seventy-five different names spread over the long period a.d. 1000-1540, we have been left hitherto to the task of re-peopling our buildings with stray personalities discovered here or there. Camden^, and those who came after camcTen. ^iui and copicd his notes, have given in their lists of Abbey burials the names of a very few of our Benedictines not already included in the list of Abbots, such as William Amondesham, Ralph Selby, Thomas Brown and Robert Humfrey ; but no attempt seems to have been made to check these records by reference to our official lists ; for in the last case, through a misreading of the inscription, Camden gave the monk's name as Humphrey Roberts, and he has been contentedly followed in so doing by Dart^ Neale^ Crull, Stanley, and the rest. Again, if we turn to Abbot Ware's Consuetudinary, which is our prime authority for the uidlnary^"^ manner of life of the Westminster Benedictines in the middle of the thirteenth century, we find the compiler much more concerned with the small details of the life than with the personalities, gi^eat or small, who lived it. Omitting Abbots, whom we knew otherwise, we find him including less than ten names of ordinary monks, of whom three are mentioned^ as having taken their journey together to the Roman Court for negotiations about the church at Essewille (Ashwell). When we pass to John Flete's History, we gather, as we should expect, a larger amount of personal detail. For instance, a single Tohn Flete. .., , . •• ,., ni , ^■ i-i mcident, the mvestigation of the Abbeys traditional right to take tithe of Thames salmon'', gives him the opportunity of recording nine 1 Customary of St Augustine's, Canterbury, and St Peter's, Westminster, ed. Sir E. M. Thompson, II, 95. 2 Blun. 5260 a. E. H. Pearce, William de Colchester, p. 16. 3 lieges, reginae, nobiles, (&c. (London, 1600). * Westmonasterium, ii, 15. ^ Westminster Abbey, ii, 204. ® Customary, ii, 72-3. See p. 49. ■^ Flete, p. 64. An examination of the names of these witnesses and the offices which they 6 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER names, of whom only one, John de Wratting, is on the list of Priors. In the rest of Flete's story, without reckoning the Abbots, about whom he is frequently our only source of chronological information, we find that in all he alludes to twenty brethren, of whom six were Priors, and that Dean Robinson's introduction makes us acquainted quite incidentally with six more. A "Westminster historian, who might have been expected to introduce us to some of his companions in the Refectory, is the author of ■Ridyng. ^^® Chronicle of the years 1346-67, who calls himself " quidam floater Johannes de R. monachus Westmonasteriensis," and whom Dr Robinson 1 has finally identified with John de Redyng [q.v.]. The full text of this interesting document has recently been edited with introduction and notes by Professor James Tait^ and it turns out to be entirely dis- appointing to any one who approaches it with our present needs in view. There is mention of four Abbots — Simon Bircheston, Henle, Langham, and Litlington, — and of one Prior, the unfortunate Benedict de Cherteseye, but no monk below that rank is allowed to intrude his name or concerns into Redyng's pages. One other chronicler raises the same expectations, even though his own name can only be conjectured. In a communication to the British Academy (Proceedings, Vol. iii ; issued separately and entitled An Unrecognised West- minster Chronicler, 1381-1394), Dr Robinson has given reasons for supposing that the continuator of the Polychronicon for those years^ was a Westminster monk. This document (op. cit. pp. 9, 22) introduces us to John Lakyngheth [q.v.] as the king's candidate for the Abbacy when Colchester was elected, but it does no more to add to our knowledge of individuals. In the mere number of monastic names we make a large advance when we open the pages of Richard Widmore, whose thorough Widmore. 5 . ^ , -»r • n i examination of the Muniments has already been referred to^ Now, Widmore 's index, if it were complete, would mean that we must prepare for disappointment. Apart from Abbots and Priors it includes only eight monks, of whom five are othei-wise known as chroniclers or men of letters, — John de London, Richard Circestr', John de Redyng, Sulcard, Warner; the legend of John Canterbery's [q.v.] great stature and of his warlike exertions is recorded, and a notice of Ralph Selby's interment is repeated from Camden. But Widmore 's contribution to our investigation is much greater than is implied by his index ; for he has copied fi-om the held in the light of the facts given about them in the present volume leads to the conclusion that the date of this investigation is c. 1393. ^ Article Simon Langham, Church Quart. Eev., July 1908, p. 346. - Manchester University Press, 1914. 3 MSS. of Corpus Christi Coll., Camb., no. 197. * For similar acknowledgments of. J. A. Robinson, Flete, p. vii ; R. B. Rackham, Nave of Westminster, p. 4. INTRODUCTION 7 archives and elsewhere certain documents which contain quite a number of names. Thus the notarial instrument^ which records the demission of his abbatial authority by George Norwych on 24 Nov. 1467 makes us acquainted with Prior Millyng and twelve of his fellow-monks ; and the official account of John Islip's election 27 Oct. 1500- includes the most complete list hitherto printed, — the Prior (Islip himself) and forty-three monks, of whom sixteen are described as holding various conventual offices. Though only thu'ty-three years separate these two events, there are no names common to the two lists, for those who stood up against the misdeeds of Abbot Norwych were naturally the older men of the community. Thus the most that we derive even from Widmore would be about sixty names from first to last. Stanley's want of interest in our subject has already been noted, but to complete our survey of the authorities we may indicate the Dean Stanley. . . "^ . . '' information to be derived from him. Though he had original authorities ready to his hand, and could have used the knowledge of Mr Burtt, the investigator of the Muniments in his day, he dismisses the question by saying that the names of the monks "are still more obscure^" than those of the Abbots. He gives the four whose sepulture is mentioned by Camden, including the misnamed " Humphrey Roberts " and Ralph Selby, whom he calls " John Selby," and whom he ascribes to the sixteenth century, whereas he died in 1420 ; and he adds Vertue, elsewhere dismissed (p. 342) as "an old monk^" who had been laid in the West Cloister "just before the Dissolution." Stanley goes on to mention five chroniclers, Sulcard, John de Redyng, John Flete, Richard Circestr' and " the so-called Matthew of West- minster." He relates the story of John Canterbery's vast physique, and then adds " two, in whose case we catch a glimpse into the motives which brought them hither." The first of these is " Owen, third son of Owen Tudor, and uncle of Henry VII," who " lies in the Chapel of St Blaize." It is, of course, possible that this Owen Tudor entered our house and took another Christian name and another surname. Stanley repeats the statement on two other occasions^ but neither an Owen nor a Tudor is to be found among our monks of that or any other date. If Stanley had consulted Camden {Reges, &c.), he would have seen that the son of Owen Tudor who found a home in our house and was buried, near Abbot Litlington, " in capella Sancti Blasii qua intratur ad Vestiarium," was called Edward, and under the head of Edward Bridgewater [q.v.], who entered the Convent in 1465-6 and said his first Mass three years later, I have indicated the reasons for conjecturing that this man may be Edward Tudor. Dean Stanley's other refugee monk was 1 Widmore, Appendix vii, p. 191 ff. = Mun. 5456. 2 Widmore, Additional Instrumeuts ni, p. 234 ^.—Mun. 5444. ^ Memorials, p. 394. * William Vertue said his first Mass in 1514-5, and may have been 46 at the Dissolution. His death is not recorded in the rolls, but he was alive in 1535. 5 Memorials, pp. 170 n.: 412. 8 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER a man of his own name, Sir John Stanley, natural son of James Stanley, Bishop of Ely. It can be shown that on 25 Jun. 1528 he executed before the ecclesiastical authorities a deed of separation " a mensa et thoro " from his wife, Margaret, with a view to ending his days as a religious in our Convent, — " ob religionis introitum." But we had no entrants between 1525-6 and 1530-1. So the Dean's story, if not discredited, is not proven^ So far, Stanley has added nothing to our data except inaccuracies; but his appendices make some slight amends, for he derived several names from the Muniments where the latter happened to suit his purposes. First, the depositions about Henry VI's choice of a burying-place^ involve the record of three monks not hitherto mentioned, John Ramsey, William Milton, and [William] Barnell. Secondly, in his desire to see " in the close of the fifteenth century... the conventual artists^ hard at work in beautifying the various Chapels" (p. 455), he appeals to "a Cartulary of Westminster in the possession of Sir Charles G. Young, Garter King at Arms*." Dean Robinson has discussed the nature of this document®, and for our present purpose it may stand ; but it must be compared with the corresponding entry in Liber Niger Quaternus (f. 92). It contains the name of fifteen monks, of whom two (Richard Circestr' and John Redyng, the chronicler) were already known. All of them can be traced in our compotus-rolls and elsewhere, so that the list, when it was first printed, represented a clear gain of thirteen names. What it fails to do is to illustrate Stanley's statement about the activity of the " conventual artists " at " the close of the fifteenth century." " Then," he says, " was added the Apocalyptic series round the walls of the Chapter House," the authority for which is the statement in the Chartulary that " Frater Johannes Northampton fieri fecit. . .picturam Apocalipsis. . .in Capitulo nondum completo." But John Northampton [q.v.] entered the Convent in 1372 and survived no nearer to " the close of the fifteenth century " than the year 1404. It is doubtful if John de Sutton [q.v.], who is credited with " a picture of the dedication of the Abbey " and with others " over the tomb of Sebert," ever saw even the fourteenth century, and not a monk on the list in question lived after the year 1433, except Edmund (wrongly printed "Edwardus") Kirton, who died in 1466. This loose treatment of facts® does not in the least detract from the picturesqueness of Stanley's method ; it ^ For John Stanley's will and the deed of separation see Archaeological Journal, Vol. xxv, pp. 72 ff. 2 Memorials, pp. 600-8. Mim. 6389**. ^ 3 The document which Stanley quotes does not justify this phrase ; it mostly states that the Brethren paid a certain sum to have the work carried out by unspecified artists who were probably not of the Convent; e.g. "idem Prior [R. de Merston] fieri fecit altare sancti Blasii cum perti- nentiis pro c. marcis." * Memorials (3rd ed.), Appendix, p. 640 (omitted from later editions). ^ Manuscripts of Westminster Abbey, pp. 101 f. 6 e.g. even in his 3rd edition, p. 895, n. 1, Stanley still assigned John Canterbery's appearance in armour to 1286 instead of 1386. INTRODUCTION 9 only illustrates the need of some accurate information about the men themselves. Now all this time trustworthy information about the names, the standing, and the conventual careers of the Westminster Benedictines at^hand^^"^'^ has been within our reach, — at all events for the period (to speak roughly) between 1300 and the Dissolution ; that is to say, from the time when the system arose by which an obedientiary drew up the compotus-roll of his office in the autumn, had it engrossed by a scrivener on parchment, and placed it so carefully on one side, that it is there to this day, with over 6000 others, not a few of which are duplicates. This custom can be plainly detected towards the close of the thirteenth century. Thus the earliest compotus preserved at Canterbury Thecompotus -^ ^^^^^ ^260, at Norwich 1272, at Durham and Worcester 1278, at Ely 1291S and at Westminster either 1291 or 1281. The Canterbury date falls within the period of Abbot Ware's Consuetudinary , which, however, does not appear to concern itself with the duty of obedi- entiaries to render an annual account of their stewardship. On the other hand, the Consuetudinary of St Augustine's, Canterbury, which is based upon Ware's ^ regards the custom as so long established that it has had time to get out of hand ; for in the Reformaciuncula made in his second year by Abbot Nicholas Thorn there is mention of the fact that a harmful delay was shown by the various wardens in rendering their accounts, which were being handed in to the conventual treasury at odd timesl The Abbot then proceeds to ordain that all the wardens were to be ready with their yearly statements immediately after St James' Day (25 Jul.), but certain other obedientiaries such as the Infirmarer and the Precentor were allowed till St Peter ad Vincula (1 Aug.). The subsequent reference to "rotulos maneriorum nostrorum vel ecclesiarum, reddituales cartas, vel scripta " shows that already the accounts were delivered in manuscript, and that there was a penalty for their improper removal. In spite, however, of Abbot Ware's indifference to the custom, it is hard to suppose that it did not prevail in some form during his period. How to account for the disappearance of the rolls is another matter; possibly the great fire'* of 1298 is responsible to some extent; at any rate, our only rotuli^ before that date are one which appears to be the Cellarer's of 1281-2, and one which is certainly the Chamberlain's of 1291-2, whilst we still possess the Infirmarer's roll of 1297-8, which happens to be of the greatest possible value for our present purpose. 1 J. M. Wilson, Early Compotus Rolls of the Prionj of Worcester, 1908, p. ix. * Sir E. M. Thompson, Customary, ii, p. ix. ^ Ibid, i, 34. •* My friend the Dean of Norwich tells me that a fire in his Priory in August, 1272, similarly explains the lack of Norwich rolls from before that date. 5 Mun. 18829 ; 18717. 10 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER For it was one of the Infirmarer's duties, laid down for him in the time of Richard de CrokesleyS to see that sick brethren were provided firmarer. with what they needed for their bodily sustenance "tarn in pitanciis cotidianis quam in quibuscunque rebus necessariis." Tnis pitancia or allowance consisted, in part, of a ferculum or mess of meat or fish, according to the day-. For the purposes of the conventual accountancy a meat-day was usually represented by three-pence and a fish- day by two- pence. It thus became natural to record each case and the cost of maintenance of each. Abbot Ware gives the ceremonial side of a monk's illness. He sees him making acknowledgment in Chapter that he is not feeling well. He hears him ask for indulgence and sympathy in the quaint formula : " Per licenciam vestram et per licenciam conventus accepturus sura medicinam." But the Infirmarer, having the revenues of two churches, Battersea and Wandsworth, to account for, must be more prosaic. If Brother So-and-so stays out of choir in the sick-room for three meat-days and three fish-days, a charge of 9d. + 6d., or Is. Sd., will fall upon the funds of the Infirmary'; and in order that there may be no difficulties with the auditor, it is necessary that the name of each patient should be entered with the exact duration of his sickness. Now it happens that our first Infirmary rotulus gives us no fewer than forty-nine names. Of course, the order of the names is no indication of the status of each in the convent ; for sickness is no respecter of persons ; while some of the names occur more than once and some occur many times during the year. Fortunately we are able to get help here from an official document preserved by the State. In the Kalendar of State Papers under date 10 Oct. 1303 there is an abstract of the letters patent in which the Robbeo'!^' King Called for an investigation into the facts about the great robbery of Crown jewels from the royal Treasury within the Abbey. The document includes a list of the Abbot and forty-eight monks S and this list, being more formal than one of Infirmary casualties, may be expected to have regard to precedence and seniority, though it is to be noted that Alexander de Persore, the chief culprit, comes next to Walter de Wenlok, the Abbot. But in spite of William de HuntjTidon, the Prior, not being in his proper place, we may fairly assume that the forty-eight names stand in some orderly sequence. Now thirty-three out of the forty-nine names in the compotus of the 1297-8 Infirmarer appear again in the list of ^ Customary, n, p. 243. 2 Ibid. p. 235 : "habebit cotidie ..unum ferculum grossum camis aut eciam piscis, juxta quod diei convenit." 3 The mode of entry is illustrated in the record of Abbot Islip ; p. 167. * The list also appears in Eymer, Foed., and in Dugdale, Monast., i, 312. For J. Burtt's account of the facts see G. G. Scott, Gleanings, pp. 282-90. The most recent study of the incident is Professor T. F. Tout's A Mediaeval Burglary in the Bulletin of the John Eylands Library, Oct. 1915 (printed separately). INTRODUCTION 11 1303. We can therefore start with these names in this order. That done, we shall still have sixteen names in the list of 1297-8 which have disappeared by 1303. Some of them may have been aged men in 1297-8; William de Pharindon^ had been Pittancer twenty years earlier; Gilbert Rauel was Sacrist in 1267; Robert de Sancto Martino was a monk by about 1272 and Roger de Waleden about 1270; Simon de Gardino, who was apparently alive in 1303, but is not mentioned among the Tower prisoners, may have been omitted as a stagiarius who had ceased to be effective. On the other hand, it is natural that in the list of 1303 we should find fifteen names of Brethren who had either escaped the tender mercies of the Infirmarer in 1297-8 or who had entered the Convent in the interval. Thus at a period when, as will be seen, the system of recording names is by no means established, we have two lists which together give us sixty-five names (including the Abbot) to start upon. Incidentally, we have picked up two others from the roll of the Warden of St Mary's Chapel for 1299-1300 ; for he charges himself with the cost of " sarcofagi cum cooperculis " for four Brethren deceased, of whom we already know two. Also we begin to form some notion of the extent of our problem. In 1297-8 the Infirmarer had foTty-nine patients and does not say how many Brethren there were that had no need of a physician. In 1303 we have an official list of forty-nine names. It seems best, then, to take these two large lists as the pivot of our investigation and to say something here first about the preceding period and then about the easier course of the pursuit in subsequent years. For the period of over two centuries which separates the death of the Confessor from the year 1297-8 it has been possible to produce and after from the Muniments (apart from the 1297-8 list) and elsewhere the names of some 130 members of the Convent. These include fifteen Abbots, ten Priors and three Archdeacons, the great majority of whom were already on record. Of the rest, some have been found in our " Domesday " chartulary as witnesses to legal documents ; some are known to have been Priors of Hurley or are actually mentioned as such in one of our documents and must have been previously monks of Westminster^; some appear among the Muniments as being concerned in the making of payments on behalf of the Abbot or the Convent or both ; some appear only when anniversaries are granted to them and financial arrangements are being made for the maintenance of these memorials ; some, as already stated, are mentioned in Abbot Ware's Customary ; some appear as parties to one or other of the multitudinous transactions recoi'ded in our endless bundles of acquittances, especially during the second half of the thirteenth century, 1 In this and similar cases I have of course placed monks mentioned in the 1297-8 list under such earlier date as I could find evidence for. 2 Cf. J. Armitage Eobinson, Gilbert Crispin, p. 32 ; F. T. Wethered, St Mary's, Hurley. 12 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER when the Abbots fell more and more into the hands of the Sienese and Florentine money-lenders. If the result during this early period is judged to be rather meagre, it may be pleaded that it is by no means final ; but as Dr Scott and I have recently examined " Domesday " for this purpose and as the indexing of the acquittances draws near its completion, the chance of adding to our list of monks gets steadily smaller. Thus the nature of the materials in our possession for the period up to 1297-8 is such that the survival of names is conditioned by a large element of chance. A particular brother is sent by the Abbot into the City to make a tardy repayment to some Lombard financiers, and his name is perpetuated in the receipt ; another is despatched to Rome upon important conventual affairs and we get to know him through the Chapter's formal record of his proctorship ; a third is allowed to visit some noble lady at a time of sickness taking with him an Abbey relic calculated' to effect a ciire, and comes down to us as Brother Henr}' [q-v.], because in her gratitude, which is also her lively sense of continued favours, she writes to ask that she may retain him and the relic a little longer ; yet another, such as Warner [q.v.], goes at the Abbot's bidding to perambulate, and so assert conventual possession of, a certain piece of land, and it is necessary for purposes of record that his identity should be recognised. The position roughly is that a claim may be put forward on behalf of anyone that he was of the order of St Benedict and a monk of Westminster during the twelfth or the thirteenth century, and our documents are not inclusive enough to enable us to resist the claim if we wanted to. But when we have proceeded no great distance round the corner of 1297-8, we come upon signs of a system, which, if only all the documents had survived, would enable us to give a complete list of all our members and to reject at sight the pretences of any unlawful claimant. Long before the last survivor of the 1297-8 and the 1303 lists — it would be John de Ryngstede or Robert de Beby — had passed to his rest, other sources of in- formation were sending forth a steady stream of names, and from their nature were bound to name all those who could rightly be included. During about thirteen years after 1303 we still have to depend upon the Infirmarer for information about the newcomers and for any idea of the pace at which death made room for them ; and unfortunately we only have in that time the Infirmary lists of 1305-6 and 1309-11, and only twelve patients not hitherto known to us needed care during those three years. But in 1316 we come upon the adoption by the Chamberlain of methods that are of importance to our investigation and must therefore now be described, though they took some time to harden into a system. With three rather vague exceptions (Ralph ; Geoffrey ; Walter de Bure- ford) we know nothing of any Chamberlain of Westminster before Henry The Chamber- lain. INTRODUCTION 13 de London, who is described in a document of 1278^ as "nuper camerarius," and of him we know little beyond this fact. But on going back some twelve years we can find much about the office in Abbot Ware's Consuetudinary and in the companion book of St Augustine's, Canterbury, from which it is at once clear that with us as elsewhere the Chamberlain was the clothier of the Convent, or rather of the Prior and Convent-. For at Canterbury the Chamberlain was not concerned with the equipment of the head of the house; "abbas vero," says the rule, "non comprehenditur in hac distribucione." At Westminster this plan was apparently a recent innovation'' in Ware's time and could only be varied voluntarily and of special grace. Evidently an arrangement begun by Gilbert Crispin* had in more modern times been developed first by Richard de Berking and then by Richard de Crokesley, with the result that the Abbot became responsible for the replenishment of his own wardrobe. After all, he could thus please himself Litlington's steward could purchase enough linen for four pairs of My Lord's " femoralia " for 4s. Qd. and could get the three pairs cut and made up for sixpence, but equally he could spend at his master's bidding as much as £2 on a fur coat. The Chamberlain dealt in sterner stuff, for he had at least fifty persons to clothe and to shoe, and in Abbot Ware's days he had but £88° a year wherewith to do it. Having, however, that income, he was bound to give careful account of his expendi- ture, and it is to the thoroughness of his accountancy that we owe much of our knowledge of our monks individually. Let us take one of the Chamberlain rolls at random ; it happens to be for the year 1456-7, Michaelmas to Michaelmas". On the front of the roll, which bears the name of Edmund Downe, who was Archdeacon and Warden of the New Work as well as Chamberlain, and who shortly afterwards left to become Prior of Hurley, there is a full statement of receipts and expenditure. The former begin with a list of the annual charges on houses in the City of London. Each house is fully described with the name of its owner, its late owner or owners, and its street and parish, and there are 120 items on the lisf. These charges amount to £46. 18s. Q)\d. There are yearly payments or pensiones from eleven churches, of which nine are in the City of London, amounting to £8. 2s. 4d Country property and rents bring in £26. lis. 8rf., while shops in " Grubstret " and tenements in " Langdych " take the total up to £86. 7s. l^d., or a little less than the £88 mentioned by Abbot Ware. 1 Mun. 5779. " Customary, i, 195 ff. : ii, 149 ff. ^ Ihid. II, 150 : "Domno quidem Abbati nihil moderno tempore est liberaturus idem camerarius de hits quae ad indumenta [vel] calciamenta spectant monachorum, nisi sponte voluerit de gracia speciali." 4 Cf. J. A. Robinson, Gilbert Crisimi, 41-4. s Customary, ii, 149, 1. 26. " The Chapter accounts are still made up yearly to 29 September. 7 It may be noted that the roll, by no means one of the longest, measures 5 ft 9 in. x 11| in. 14 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER When we pass on to his outlay, we find that the office is at the moment not very solvent. The Chamberlain brings forward a deficit of £13. 18s. 3fc?. which is increased at the end of the year to £16. 10s. Q^d. But we are only concerned here with the chief item in his expenditure which is the £49. 18s. Of fZ. spent under the head of " Emptio stauri " or as we should say " on stock." The staple of this outlay is soon stated ; it is a sum of £25. 10s, for the purchase of 51 sets of " panni nigi'i" or Benedictine habits of black serge at ten shillings a habit ; evidently there was a contract price for the sup- ply of these robes, whereas the other items of the outfit were made up on the premises. Further, he buys 106 1 ells of linen cloth at 8d. an ell (£3. lis. 2d.) ; 193|^ yards of worsted ; 52 yards of kersey ; and 39 yards of " blanket." Here the sewing staff of his office finds its chance ; for the linen must be made up into pairs of " femoralia," — not such delicate underclothing, no doubt, as we saw bought for My Lord, for that cost Is. O^d. an ell in 1370-1, while this costs 8d. an ell in 1456-7, and we must allow for the change in the value of money in the interval as well as for the difference in price. The Chamberlain will tell us in a moment that this purchase enabled him to distribute that year 139 pairs of " femoralia" to his Brethren and himself, which works out at rather more than 5rf. a pair for material alone, not reckoning " establishment charges"; Abbot Litlington's nearly a century earlier cost Is. M. when made. The 52 yards' length of kersey is the amount needed to furnish the convent •with "caligae," or thick socks or stockings that were almost of the stoutness of gaiters^; with his 39 yards of "blanket" he is to make "pedules," or loose slippers to be worn with the gaiters in winter-time; for each Brother received a pair on All Saints' Day, at Christmas and at Easter, the Prior, the Chamberlain and the Sub-chamberlain being allowed an additional pair on each occasion. In the same way, he lays in the exact number of " stragulae" (bed-blankets, at 2s. Sd. each) and of " pell' allut' " (pellicia alutaria, fiir or leathern cloaks, at 2s. each) that he requires for the Brethren then under his care, allowing a double portion in each case for the Prior and the Chamberlain. But now, having stated that he has devoted so much money to the purpose of obtaining so much material, he must still regard himself as liable for an accountant-like statement of his disposal of that material, which would be easily convertible into cash again, if he were willing to stoop to dishonesty. So, one side of his long roll being still vacant, he turns it over and gives a balance in terms of this material. He has converted his stock of linen into so many shirts (staminae) and pairs of drawers, his kersey into so many pairs of gaiters, his blanket into so many pairs of slippers, and he is possessed of a given number of habits, bed-coverings, and cloaks of skin. To make his compotus complete, he must show each Brother by name as the recipient, during the year, of his lawful share of each of these. At first, in 1316 for 1 Cf. Compotus Rolls, Worcester, p. 79 (Wilson) ; p. 87 (Hamilton). INTRODUCTION 15 instance, he is content to give a list of the Brethren and to say in effect : These are the men to whom I have distributed what is their due. But in course of time the method becomes more meticulous, and in 1418-9 after a long gap in our series the names, instead of being "run on" and written in four or five lines across the roll, are arranged vertically down the left edge of it, and each name has its portions of goods entered against it under each of seven heads — abitus (= panni nigri) ; stragulae ; staminae ; femoralia ; pellicia alutaria ; caligae ; pedules ; traditional abbreviations being used in each case. Thus, if only the Chamberlain's rolls were continuous and com- plete, our task would be soon accomplished ; it would merely be necessary to note the new names at the foot of each fresh list and the disappearance of any from their accustomed place on the rota : unfortunately there are many and grievous gaps in the series ; and we must turn to other helps, if the whole of our ground is to be covered. Happily there arose a feature in the life of the Abbey which also involved not merely careful accountancy but also in time an exact record Queen •' _ '' Aiianore's of the individuals concerned. On 28 Nov. 1290 died Queen Alianore of Castile, wife of Edward I. Her bounty towards the Abbey of Westminster was great and her trust in it was manifested at a time when, as the robbery of the Treasury soon showed, the honesty of some of the Brethren was lightly esteemed by the gossips of the day. Four years before her death there lay in the hands of Abbot Walter de Wenlok a very large sum. A small strip of parchment^ dated 15 Feb. 1286, acknowledges : "summa denariorum existencium in ix saccis et i Bursa de denariorum domine Regine ccc Ixiii" xvii« x^ ob q" (£363. 17*. 10f(^.). Of this fund the Abbot was treasurer, with the Prior and Sub-prior as his appointed deputies. In view of this attachment of his beloved queen to the Abbey as well as of her interment in the Confessor's Chapel, it was natural that Edward should make definite and generous provision for the maintenance of her anniversary. So by 1292 we find the convent in possession for these purposes of certain manors — " maneria pro Anniversario Regine assignata " — namely, Birdbrook, Essex ; Westerham and Edenbridge, Kent ; Turweston, Bucks ; Knowle, Warwickshire^; and, shortly afterwards, Hendon, Middlesex*. Keeping to our subject, which is the doings of individual Brethren, we find that in 1299-1300 the receivership of the manors has hicome^."°"^^ passed from the Abbot and his deputies to three monks chosen ad hoc, — Alexander de Neuporte, Alexander de Persore and Roger de Aldenham, and that in 1301 there is a Warden of these manors, Reginald de Hadham, whose name heads the compotus. For the present the information about individuals is meagre ; for example, Reginald de Hadham enters in 1301-2 a "curialitas" (that is, a complimentary gift, afterwards called 1 Mun. 23629 b. - Mun. 1545, 25 Oct. 1292. 3 Mun. 17012, 14 Oct. 1295. 16 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER xenia or exennia), " tribus capellanis celebrantibus nouas missas suas " at the rate of one shilling each; by which he means three junior monks who thus signalised their advancement to the priesthood and said their first Mass ; but he does not give their names. There is also mention of a " pitancia con- ventus," or a gift in kind to all the Brethren, which cost 6s. *Id.; but this too is no excuse for a complete list. Again in 1301-2 there is an item — " xvi fratribus pro marcis grossis singulis assignatis x" xiii^ iiii**," but no light is thrown on the individuality of the sixteen. Still more regret arises when in 1303-4 we find a distribution of £2. 13^. M. "fratribus nostris incarceratis" on various occasions and a douceur of two shillings to those who carried the money to the Tower, without any intimation as to the number or identity of the prisoners, who were doubtless the men alleged to be guilty of pillaging the royal Treasury. It appears that the last decade of Abbot Wenlok's someAvhat litigious rule was partly occupied in contentions with the Prior and Convent with respect to the orderly distribution among the Brethren of the overplus of these manorial revenues after the anniversary had been paid for and the requisite distribution made to the poor. Just a week before his death, 18 Dec. 1307, he set his seal to a charter^ assigning the " residuum distribucionis" for division as pittances among the Brethren and undertaking for himself and his successors to choose as Warden of the manors one of two monks proposed for the purpose by the Prior and Convent ; in actual fact, he men- tions the Sub-prior and Convent, presumably because Reginald de Hadham was regarded as still deposed from his priorship. This arrangement was formally renewed by Wenlok's successor, Richard de Kedyngton, also called de Sudbury I But for many years it did not have the effect of producing the information that we want as to the actual recipients. In the roll of the Queen's manors for 1318-9 we have mention of three monks who received exennia on saying their first Mass, and these as being new names can be added to our list. In 1335-6 one of the new priests and four novices' are also additions to be noted, and there are four more in 1336-7. Then for a generation or so we are left to rely on the record of the Infirmarer's patients and on the Chamberlain's lists, where they H^ts '"^"°'^'^' survive. There are years during which we get no names from either, and there are years in which we get help only from the Infirmarer, with the presumption that we still have not all the neAv names that we ought to have. All this time the Warden of the Queen's manors is making his yearly division of about £80 to £100 among the Prior and his Brethren, but is doing so in the lump without naming either Prior or monks. 1 Flete, p. 118 ; cf. "Domesday," f. 464. ^ Flete, p. 121 ; " Domesday," f. 464. •• The form used is " de qouo professi." This and other expressions — "nouicius"; " de nouo capellauus ordinatus"; " nuper professus " ; "nouicius professus" — were employed at Westminster to designate the first stage of professed monkhood. INTRODUCTION 17 But the roll for 1369 shows us the beginnings of greater detail in the account. The Warden has thirty-six " capellani " to whom there is due a full dividend of £2. 6s. 8d. each, the sum being doubled for the Prior. In these cases he does not trouble to give the names. But there are six others, junior priests and novices, whose shares are smaller and vary from 30s. to 6s. 8d., and whose names he must needs give with the sum allotted to each. Four of these are new. The same thing happens during a period of twenty years more, from which we have twelve of the Q. Alianore rolls surviving, and the yearly average of recruits is between three and four. At last in the compotus of 1390-1 we come upon that which we have desired. The wardens are John Lakyngheth and John Enston. The former, who had held the office and the chief responsibility since 1372, — that is, during the period which we have seen marked by a tendency to give at any rate the names of the juniors — was a Brother of recognised business capacities \ a man useful at Parliaments, and a favourite with Richard II. Moreover, in his hands the Queen's manors had prospered. The total receipts in 1372 were £199 ; but in 1390-1 they rose to £300. 8s. 4|d, the actual rents, manorial and other, amounting to £243. 8s. 4^c?. With this large sum the Warden was able to provide for the customary illumination round the Queen's tomb ; he bought 250 lbs. of wax (£6. 12s. 6d.), which cost 7d. for carriage from the City to the Abbey and 10s. 9f c?. for conversion into candles. The chandler's wage for the year was 10s., the candle-lighter's 3s. 4d, the bell-ringer's 5s., and each Treasurer of the manors received in this respect 3s. 4>d., — the total being £8. 8s. lOfd The bailiffs and rent-collectors of the manors received their wage in cloth and fur-coats, which cost £3. 9s. Sd. There were a few " establishment charges " amounting to £8. 5s. lOo^. There was a distribution to the poor and to some Abbey servants of £16. 12s. 5d. The sum to be divided among the Brethren was decided, perhaps in Chapter, to be £150. 10s. Thus with an income of £300. 8s. 4^d and an outlay of £187. 6s. 4>^d., the Warden could declare a residue of £113. Is. lift?.; so the Prior agreed that John Lakyngheth, "pro bono labore suo," might retain for himself the odd £3. Is. ll^d. and carry forward to next year the rounder balance of £110. Now whether we consider the amount of wax in his store or the sum of money in his coffers for distribution among the Brethren, it is wax and !n" obvious that the Warden must now begin to be more com- t?ibut^cf.'^" municative as to details. He carries forward 300 or 400 lbs. of wax, beside the thirty square candles that are burning around the Queen's tomb at the moment, and he has bought, as we saw, other 250 lbs. to see hitn through the year. He must therefore turn over his roll and show how many pounds of wax he has found it necessary to convert into candles, so that he may carry forward a surplus stated in pounds of wax. 1 See his record, under the year 1362-3. P. M. w. 2 18 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER But it is much more requisite that he should now give fuller details about his distribution of so large a sum as £150. 10s. among the Brethren. It means a dividend of £3. 10s. to each of thirty-five "fratres sacerdotes," in- cluding the Prior (entered simply as " Dominus Prior " without his name) whose share is doubled, Avhile one of the juniors gets £3, seven get £2. 10s., and three get £1. 6s. 8d. This, then, being a full list of the House, we are able to test our names as for as we have gone. So doing, we find that there has been only one omission. Ten places up from the end of the priests, and taking a full share, is John Bore well. The rolls of the Chamberlain for the years 1383-6, during Avhich this monk probably joined our House, are missing. Even so, it seems as though he may have been brought in from elsewhere as a fully ordained priest, for we learn from the Infirmarer of 1386-7 that during that year he was promoted to sit by the skilla in the Refectory, and Abbot Colchester must at once have sent him to Rome, for he was there as proctor for three years up to Sep. 1390, thus excusing the Abbot his triennial visit " ad limina " ; doubtless it is his return which accounts for his sudden appearance in our roll of the Queen's manors for 1390-1. By 15 Oct. 1391 he was Archdeacon and he afterwards took a prominent part in the conventual administration. Judging by the place at which his name stands in our list, we may say that he joined the Abbey after Robert Hermodesworth in 1380-1 and before William Pulburgh in 1383-4. After this our course is clear and we can cover practically the whole ground of our investigation. For the rolls of Queen Alianore's Found'^tion^ mauors are preserved almost in their entirety. There is a gap of six months in 1437-8 ; otherwise we only miss the roll of 1500-1. We can test our results by the Chamberlain's work, where it survives, and in due time we come to two other series of manorial rolls made out on the same lines as those of Queen Alianore. In 1394-5 John Bore well, whom we discovered just now, and Peter Coumbe, who was of note among the managers of the New Work on the nave, were associated as "Adminis- tratores Participacionis Anne Regine." Anne of Bohemia, the wife of Richard II, died at Sheen in July 1394. The King, who was unnerved by her loss, as he showed by his violence at her obsequies on 3 August, not only prepared a splendid and pathetic tomb^ for her and for himself, but made lavish provision for the maintenance of her anniversary. Its management quickly fell into line with that of Queen Alianore's foundation, and in their second year of office, 1395-6, Bore well and Coumbe presented a full list of the monks among whom the residue was divided. It may be well to see how they settled their division. We take their second year 1395-6. They have brought forward a balance of £12. 2s. ll^d., and they receive from Richard II's Treasurer a sum of £200. As in the 1 Cf. Lib. Nig. Quat. f. 88, b. INTRODUCTION 19 case of Queen Alianore's foundation, they start by paying out nearly £30 for wax to be made into candles. The Lord Chancellor, the Duchess «on.°'^*"''" of Gloucester, and various knights and ladies attending the anniversary, are " recreated " or regaled at a cost of £2. 9s. lOd. There has been throughout the year a weekly dole to the poor amounting altogether to £30. 6s. 8d., and the gifts on the day itself to the poor, the Abbot's servants, the virgers, and others come to £41. 8s. Sd. The outgoings would have been more by £10 if a grant of that amount to the Lord Abbot "ex consensu Prioris et seniorum " had not been deleted from the compotus with the significant comment "quia contra cartam." But, though they have expended £107. 2s. Id. in various ways, the Wardens can still declare a dividend of twenty shillings to each " Frater Sacerdos," of whom there are thirty-nine, and to the Prior, who takes two dividends, and they can give 6s. 8d. each to six juniors. This absorbs £43 and leaves an ample surplus of £62. Os. lO^d. The management of Queen Alianore's manors having, as we saw, adopted the principle of a full list of the recipients shortly before this date, the adminis- trators of Queen Anne's anniversary, of whom John Borewell was the chief in each case, did the like in 1395-6, though they did not resume the practice till 1404-5. But the benefactions of King Richard II, "dead and turned to clay," did not come up to the expectations raised by him in his life. By Manors. ^^ ^ 1404-5, the year of the next list, certain manors and lands had been legally transferred to the Convents — Steventon and East Hendred, Berks ; Westbury, Wilts ; Northall and Downe, Middlesex ; Biggles- wade, Soothill,&c., Beds; and Stokenchurch, Bucks; — which produced that year only £141. lis. S^d., but the Wardens had only £125 to deal with altogether. They spent less on illuminations, £20 instead of £30 ; they distributed much less among the poor and the Abbey servants, £13 instead of £71 ; and they had begun to experience the manifold calls for petty outlays that fall on owners of country estates, such as the 10s. 6d. that was not scorned by the Sheriffs (vice-comites) of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire, though it was given " ut essent fauorabiles maneriis de Holm et Langford." Consequently, the monks' dividend must also decrease to 13s. 4d. for priests and 3s. 4d., such amount in each case to be payable for five years. As the Infirmarer of 1450-1 enters an expenditure of 205. " pro debitis magistri Johannis Stokys de collegio sancti Stephani," it is legitimate to conclude 1 Eoll of the New Work 1445-6. ^ widmore, p. 112. 3 Camden, Reges, &c. * See 1415-6, Stokes, John. INTRODUCTION 35 that the Convent shouldered the obligations which Stokes left unsettled at his death. The pension given to Bishop Merke (p. 116) is equally exceptional. This, then, is our catalogue of " obscure names." Let us admit the obscurity for a moment in order that the names may be dis- The names. i-iii-i i cussed merely as names which throw light on the system oi monastic nomenclature. We may deal first with the concluding forty years of the Convent's life as a period distinct in its methods, when a name was not infrequently given to conceal rather than to indicate. Christopher Godehappes and John Godeluke, Richard Jerome and William Ambrose, Humfrey Charite and John Grace, John Felix and William Faith, William Hope and T. Veryty are specimens of the names "in religion" that mark these closing years; and the custom reached its height in 1533-4, when out of seven novices only Robert Barnards seems real ; the rest are shadows, — Chrysostom, Ambrose, Patience, Veryty, Jerome, Mercye. Even to the last we find some whose style recalls the earlier local names, — John Yslyp (for a name-sake of the great Abbot joined the House in 1536-7, and like him was quickly committed to the Infirmarer's care), Robert Lyncoln, Armigel Hurley, fienry Winchester. But a number of names, perhaps about half, are formed to the last on the simple English plan, — William Penne, Thomas Chamberleyn, Edmund Brice. The main point is that in the years with which our record opens we are faced with a plan of naming the Brethren to which there are names'.^" Very few exceptions, such as W. Capes and Henry Payn, who might have been so entered yesterday. The essential thing is a Christian name ; indeed, in some early cases that is all we know. Robert, the Prior (+1085) and Brother Edward who appears first in 1317, the year of his decease, did not attain to a local name worthy of the notice of the documents which mention them. Then there is " Dan Henri," who carried some healing relic^ to the Countess of Gloucester and Hertford and who needs no other designation, as far as the lady's letter is concerned. If we knew more, it might be possible to identify him, say, with Henry of Colchester [q.v.], who was Warden of the Lady Chapel and therefore a man of some experience in the matter of relics. Yet the system was so sound that there are only some fifty-four for whose surnames or place-names we are left lamenting, — none of them later than 1317. The Christian names are an interesting study. Only seven Brethren bear St Peter's name, four of them before 1300 ; though perhaps we ought to include the thirteen Simons as paying at least an indirect compliment to the Apostle. There is no use of Paul as a Christian name. It may be thought that the Confessor's memory and the perpetual glory of his shrine ' The Norman-French letter of the Countess (Mun. 9323) speaks merely of "la relique," without specifying its nature. Probably it was the girdle of the Virgin, which seems to have been in the special keeping of the Sacrist {Customary , ii. 49). 3—2 36 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER and the continuance of his name in the royal House would all cause Edward to appear frequently on our list ; but it is in fact much less in evidence than Edmund, appearing only five times. The first of these is in 1317 and the rest occur in and after 1447-8. The fact appears to be that from its quite early years the Convent was predominantly English ; after 1300 there are scarcely any names that even look foreign. So the prevalence of certain names followed the English habit. Richard and Robert run a neck and neck race down the centuries and have about fifty each to their credit at the close. Henry claims a posse of 21. But John and William outpace all comers, with 154 and lO.'J respectively. In fact 451 monks out of the 706 were called either John or William or Thomas or Richard or Robert or Henry. Surnames must have been a real necessity in a year such as 14.58-9 when four out of six novices were called John. Two monks, again, came about the same time from Holbeach ; each of them is John Holbech. We pass to the surnames and arrive at some inevitable results. For the surname being an indication of origin and London having pUcT-ll^amel. ^^^ largest population, it follows that a considerable number of our Brethren were called de London or, simply, London. As far as can be ascertained, there were thirteen of these, the latest appearing among the novices of 1494-.5. But, as John is the most frequent Christian name, it will also follow that John of London is the most common combina- tion. There are four monks in all so named, but, as they are well spread over the list, the similarity creates no confusion ; indeed a fifth John London, 1435-6, considerately changed his name to John Daunt, as if to insist that he had a patronymic, as well as a place-name. Admitting that London as a place of origin is in a class by itself, we go on to notice that the towns of Reading (though never so written) and of Wenlock are a fair second. Each gave us six of our Brethren. Two of the Reading men were called John, of whom the chronicler was the elder. It would be interesting to arrive at the reason why these Berkshire folk were thus drawn to the Abbey, which had no obvious connexion with their town either as landlord or otherwise. To sum up our results, we may note that between 1049 and the surrender of the Monastery in 1540 we have here the names and careers of 706 Westminster Benedictines. Of these 14 joined during the 11th century 43 ,. „ 12th The numbers. 130 230 198 91 706 13th 14th 15th 16th INTRODUCTION 37 For reasons already stated, our data for the 13th century (and still more for the 11th and the 12th) are incomplete, but we may conclude that we lack about seventy names. For, passing by the 14th century, when the total of admissions was swollen by the many vacancies due to the ravages of the Black Death, we come to see from the complete record of the 15th century that the average of admissions to the Order at Westminster was about two each year. If anybody asks in conclusion by what means the House was recruited, the answer is not easy to give. There are some exceptions ^cruitfng^. which must still not be taken as proving rules. Thus, there are apparently no strict limits of age. A single paper ^ records the profession in 1501 of Thomas Jaye, afterwards Prior, and three of his Brethren, with their ages at the time of their profession. Jaye's age cannot be deciphered, but the other three were aged seventeen, twenty-one, and nineteen respectively. John Islip^ has told us that at his admission he was in his sixteenth year. Such variations at a given period hardly suggest that vacancies were supplied chiefly from the Convent schools ; for the tendency in such case would be to adopt a normal age for passing from the one to the other. But the Almoner's rolls refer to the instruction of the " pueri cantantes " and of the " scolares " and of the " pueri Elemosinarie," and it is not to be supposed that these three seminaries (if they must be spoken of as three) were without their effect on the personnel of the Monastery. On the other hand, we are by no means devoid of instances of men who on their admission were of an age for priest's orders, and we have one or two cases, e.g. Ralph Selby, in which long service had already been rendered to the Church outside. Neither was there any restriction of the privileges of the House to men born in lawful wedlock. For Thomas Pomeray, whose name first appears in 1421-2, was the son of a nobleman, but not by his wedded wife. We only know of this bend 'sinister through a Papal dispensation, which was not necessary to secure his admission, but was requisite before he could hold office in the Convent. It was granted in 1437, and Pomeray became Cellarer, probably in 1439; he was certainly appointed to the important offices of Treasurer and Monk-Bailiff in 1440; his other posts and his pension prove that he was held in high honour'*. Nor, whatever may have been the general rule, was it at all difficult for a monk to be received into the Abbey from another House or ordTrs".*''^'^ 6^6^^ another Order. Testimonials passed, for instance, in 1354 in favour of one Roger de Pydele, of Waltham, Holy Cross'*, which satisfied Abbot Langham that he was worthy of admission to our Convent, though it is practically certain that he did not join it. But in 1 Mun. 12890 v. 2 m^^. 33290 ; see p. 167. » p. 138. ■» Mun. 6667. .38 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Litlington's time we have the case of Robert Wynewyk', a canon of the Gilbertine or Sempringham Order, who was released by the Master of his Order on 10 Jan. 1367, the said Master receiving from Convent funds by command of the Abbot a consideration of ten marks or £6. 13s. 4c?. in respect of the transference. The payment is a strange one, especially as Wynewyk was not used by the Convent except as Warden of the Lady Chapel for a brief period. It follows that on occasion our own monks could pass hence to another confraternity. From the lack, which I have occasionally indicated, of direct evidence of death, I incline to believing that this was not an infrequent event. But we have the clear case of the letters dimissory written in English by Abbot Estney to the Prior of the Cluniac House of St Milburga Wenlock-, with which Westminster had ancient affinity from the days of Abbot Walter de Wenlok. Estney states that Edward Boteler, the monk in question, whose interesting attainments he fully describes, desires " to be dismissed out of our obedience " and " to be a brother of your place and your obedience." Still, taking the system as a whole, we are in no doubt as to what it meant. Young men were accepted in their boyhood and became, AbbTy I'a^nds. ^^ most cases, members of the House for life ; and it is not difficult to realise how they were selected. The Abbots were untiring in their journeys of inspection and of ceremony through the estates belonging to the abbatial portion. The Treasurers and the Monk-Bailiff went their factorial rounds through the manors belonging to the Convent's portion. In so doing they came to learn of youths with an apparent vocation for claustral life. A comparison of the place-names in our list with the record of the towns and villages situate in or near the property of the Convent will show that this was the normal method of recruiting. Those who occupied the stalls in the Choir of old time, like the crowds who throng to its services to-day, came from many parts of England. Then, as now. King Henrj' Ill's fabric was a truly national centre for the worship of the Lord, who fulfils Himself in various ways. 1 p. 110. 2 Cf. p. 163 ; the letter is fully transcribed by J. Armitage Bobinson in Manuscripts of Westminster Abbey, p. 12. A REGISTER OF THE MONKS OF WESTMINSTER NOTE. 1. The figure at tlie head of each name or set of names signifies the year in wliich the monk joined the Convent as a novice, or otherwise. Sometimes this can only be given approximately, e.g. c. 1092; sometimes it is evident that the date of joining must be earlier than the first known date, e.g. + 1049. 2. The names of those who became Abbots are printed in spaced capitals, e.g. CRISPIN, Gislebert ; the names of those who became Priors are printed in solid capitals, e.g. CLARE, Osbert de. 3. The conventual oftices held by a monk are given in monastic Latin. The documentary authority for each statement is generally added in round brackets. Such authority consists of (a) a separate document among the Muniments, e.g. (Mun. 2001) ; {b) a compotus-roU of some obedientiary, whose title is given in English according to the names used on the boxes in which they are contained, togetlier with the year in question; e.g. Laurence de Benflet (p. 72), Precentor 1297—8 (Infirmarer) signifies that this monk is so described in the Infirmarer's roll for that year ; (c) an entry in the great Chartulary called Domesday; e.g. (Domesday f. 493), or (Domesday f. 493 b), if the reference is to be found on the dors, of the folio ; (d) an entry in the miscellany called Liber Niger Quaternus, e.g. {Lib. Nig. Quat. f. 125 b). Where no authority is added, it may be assumed that the roll of the obedientiary for the year in question may be consulted, e.g. Chalk, William de (p. 66), Gustos Maner"' Regine Alianore 28 Mai. 1302 — 17 Apr. 1305 signifies that the authority is the rolls of Q. Alianore's manors for the period specified. 4. Quotations from the documents are given as they stand, except that, for convenience, the customary abbreviations are disregarded. 5. In cases where it is possible that an office was held longer than can be proved from the documents, the sign ^ + is used ; e.g. Coggeshale, Walter de (p. 125) Celerarius ? + 1416-7 1 + signifies that the office was possibly held both before and after the year specified. 6. Each form of a surname is included, that which stands first being on the whole the most prevalent ^ Some occasional variations in the Christian name are also noted. + 1049 EDWIN. Monachus Westm. Abbas 1049—12 Jun. 1071 (J. Armitage Robinson, Flete, p. 140). Alwold. Donum quod Alwoldus de porta sancti Botulphi eis dedit, quando monachus ibi effectus est... [time of Edw** Confess""] (Domesday f. 98). 1 The majority of the names have some variants ; Islip has no less than fourteen. 40 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER + 1065 Ralph. Camerarius. Witnessed Edward the Confessor's charter 28 Dec. 1065, of which Mun. xxi is a copy, dated 2 Mar. 1314 and witnessed by John de Butterle [q.v.]. c. 1071 GEOFFREY, Galfridus. Abbot of Jumieges. Appointed Abbot of Westminster c. 1071 by the Conqueror who removed him on the advice of Lanfranc and sent him back to Normandy in disgrace c. 1075 (cf. J. Armitage Robinson, Flete, p. 141). c. 1076 VITALIS. Abbot of Bernay, a cell of Fecamp. Appointed Abbot of Westminster by the Conqueror on the advice of Lanfranc (v. letter in Widmore, p. 180) c. 1076 (1073, Flete, p. 84; but see Robinson's note, p. 141). Received from the Conqueror a confirmation of the grant of the manor of Dodinton [Doddington, Lines.] with Thorpe (Domesday f. 500 b). Defunctus 19 Jun. 1085 (1082, Flete, p. 84); sepultus in australi parte claustri...ad pedes abbatis Gervasii (p. 85). Sulcard. Wrote a Chronicle of the Abbey, which he dedicated venerabili viro et semper dei servo domino Abbati Vitali. It is frequently quoted or referred to by Flete, who calls him monachus egregie litteratus (p. 83). For the substance and character of his story cf. J. Armitage Robinson, Flete, pp. 3-11. Camden {Reges, etc.) includes Sulcardus monachus et cronographus among those buried in locis ignotis ecclesiae. Flete, p. 83, says he was finally buried in the Chapter House. + 1085 ROBERT. Prior. Witnessed Abbot Gilbert's enfeoffment of a knight c. 1085 (Domesday f. 79) and a charter {ibid. f. 124). For a discussion of the date of the enfeoffment see J. Armitage Robinson, Flete, p. 141 ; Gilbert Crispin, p. 38. Appointed Abbot of St Edmundsbury 1102; consecrated by Anselm 15 Aug. 1107. Died 16 Sep. 1107. 1085 CRISPIN, Gislebert or Gilbert. Son of William Crispin, a Norman noble (d. 8 Jan. 1074), and the lady Eva de Montfort his wife (d. 22 Jan. 1099). Entered the abbey of Bee as a boy and was there when Anselm joined it. At the age of about 34, was sent by Anselm to Lanfranc at Canterbury, c. 1079. Abbot of Westminster 1085-1117 (1082-1114, Flete, p. 87), by the in- fluence of the Conqueror at the instigation of Lanfranc, being about 40 when appointed. Received from William the Conqueror a grant of land at Pyrford c. 1085-7 {Mun. xxiv). In his time c. 1085-6 Geoffrey de Mandeville, Sheriff of London and LIST OF MONKS 41 Middlesex, founded the priory of Hurley as a cell of Westminster, and Gilbert was present at the dedication of the church {Mun. 2001). He completed the Cloister before 1100 and probably "built the Abbot's camera (or capella, or perhaps both) over the locutory." Presided at the opening of the Confessor's tomb 1102. Gave a corrody to the Nuns of Kilburn (Lib. Nig. Quat. f. 125 b). Granted lands to the priory of Greater Malvern consensu conimuni capituli (Dugdale, Moiiasticon, iii, 448) ; possibly the foundation of the priory also belongs to his time. Died 6 Dec. 1117; buried in the South Cloister at the feet of Abbot Vitalis {Flete, p. 87). Was " remembered on his anniversary [7 Dec], for having extended the camera, making assignment for the clothing of eighty monks." (Customary, ii, p. 149 ; cf. Mun. 1497, which is a confirmation by Henry III of his ordinances in this last matter.) His extant writings are Vita Herluini ; Disputatio Judaei cum Christiano ; de Simoniacis ; de Spiritu Sancto ; and five minor pieces (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 8116). See J. Armitage Robinson, Gilbert Crispin, 1911. c. 1085 HERBERT, Herebert. Witnessed Abbot Gilbert's enfeoffment of a knight (Domesday f. 79). Probably - Herbert, a Norman {Flete, p. 87), who became Almoner and in Jan. 1121 was made Abbot; possibly he may have come with Gilbert Crispin from Bee. Received a grant of privileges from Peter of Cluny, papal legate, 1121 (Domesday f. 387). Mun. 3435 appears to be a 13th century copy of his grant of money for the services of the High Altar in the Abbey church from the church of St Margaret, from the church at Denham, and fi'om his own purse (see Brit. Mus. Harl. Ch. 84, R 46). For the foundation of the nunnery at Kilburn in his time see Lib. Nig. Quat. f. 125. For date of death, 3 Sep. 1 1136, see J. Armitage Robinson, Flete, p. 142. William. Witnessed Abbot Gilbert's enfeoffment of a knight (Domesday f. 79). '? Identical with William a monk mentioned in the mortuary roll of Abbot Vitalis of Savigny who died 16 Oct. 1122 (J. Armitage Robinson, Gilbert Crispin, p. 27). Nicholas. Witnessed Abbot Gilbert's enfeoffment of a knight (Domesday f. 79). c. 1092 Hugh. Along with Warner [q.v.] he perambulated the lands which Abbot Gilbert gave to the priory of Greater Malvern. Warner. ? = Warnerius, a monk of Bee c. 1070 (Poree, Histoire du Bee, l, 629). Along with Hugh, another monk, he perambulated the lands which Abbot Gilbert gave to the priory of Greater Malvern (J. Armitage Robinson, Gilbert Crispin, pp. 31, 33). A . senior monk of Westminster, present at Ely at the translation of St Etheldreda, St Withburga and two other saints 1107 (cf. J. Armitage Robinson, Osbert of Clare, Ch. Quart. Rev. Jul. 1909, p. 346, n. 2). For his writings see Widmore, p. 22 ; Pits, p. 191. 42 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER c. 1095 Maurice. Mentioned in mortuary roll of Abbot Vitalis of Savigny (J. Armitage Robinson, Gilbert Crispin, p. 27, 31). Probably = Mauricius subdiaconus sancti Wulstani Wigorniensis episcopi, who became a monk of Westminster ■when the Bishop died c. 1095 (Osbert de Clare, Life of St Edward, Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 36737 f. 147). Witnessed a charter of Abbot Herbert [c. 1121-36] (Domesday f. 124). + 1121 CLARE, Osbert de. Prior '?+ 1121. Not elected Abbot in succession to Gilbert Crispin [q.v.], apparently on account of Henry I's interference. Sent to Ely (Epp. xii; xix), either in disgrace or on an official visitation before 1123. Kept the Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary (? at Westminster) in 1127 or 1128 (Ep. viii). Was again at Westminster as Prior 1134. Took a prominent part in the foundation of the Nunnery of Kilburn {Lib. Nig. Quat. f. 125). Wrote a Life of St Edward, 1138. Started for Rome 1139 with a com- mendator}' letter to the Pope from King Stephen in order to promote the canonization of St Edward. This was refused for lack -of sufficient testimony, with the result that Osbert again fell into disgrace at Westminster and ceased to be Prior. Flete (p. 92) says that Abbot Laurence (1158) sent Prior Osbert de Clare to Rome where the canonization of St Edward was granted by Alexander III at Anagni, 7 Feb. 1161 ; but there is no known authority for using Osbert's name in this connexion. [See J. Armitage Robinson, Westminster in the Twelfth Centttry, Ch. Quart. Rev. Jul. 1909.] c. 1121 E AD WYE. Prior under Abbot Herbert (Domesday f. 124). Philip. Witnessed a charter of Abbot Herbert (Domesday f, 124). 1122 Riculf. ] Mentioned in mortuary roll of Abbot Vitalis of Savigny who died 16 Oct. 1122 (J. Armitage Robinson, Gilbert Crispin, p. 27). Turstin. Turkill. .ffigelward. c. 1130-4 Godfrey. Was sent to Rome to inform Innocent II [1130-42] that Gilbert the Universal, Bishop of London [1128-34], had intruded into Westminster Abbey, celebrating Mass on the feast of St Peter and St Paul and claiming jurisdiction (Domesday f. lb). 1 = Godfrey, the Sacrist, p. 53. c. 1137 GERVASE. Natural son of King Stephen. Amalricus frater Abbatis witnessed a charter about Hendon (Domesday f, 124) and, together with Ralph, another brother, a charter about land in the City {ibid. f. 493 b). LIST OF MONKS 43 Abbas 1137 C?)-! 157 (1). His deposition probably took place between Apr, 1157 and Aug. 1158; see J. Armitage Robinson's note in FUte, p. 143. Res loci illius [Westminster] juveniliter dissipavit (John of Hexham's Con- tinuation of Simeon of Durham, Rolls Series, ii, 329 f.). In his time the Abbot and Convent assigned 8«. yearly to the Precentor from Roinges [White Roothingj, Essex, for the repair of tlie books in the library {Manuscripts of Westminister Abbey, p. 1 ; Mun. 1172 a). Sepultus in australi parte claustri...ad pedes abbatis Willelmi de Humez {Flete, p. 91). Lobbe, Goderic. Gave to the Abbey the church of St Agnes [Aldersgate] and its tenures with his body on the day that he became a monk of the Abbey. The gift is referred to by Abbot Gervase in a grant of the same church to St Martin- le-Grand (Domesday f. 477). Thus Lobbe died in or before 1157. Capes, W. \ Brancun RoSer v Witnessed a grant of Abbot Gervase to William de Hairun, Richard de.) Wenduna {Mu7i. l). Ansgode. A frequent witness to charters, often with Richard de Bissea [q.v.], in time of Abbot Gervase {Mun. 32668; Domesday f. 493 b, &c.). + 1141 .ffiliric. Prior de Hurley ante 1141 {Mun. 3551). Lefric. William of Malmesbury's Miracles of the blessed Virgin Mary (contained in a Brit. Mus. MS.— Cleop. C. x. f. 142— of the late twelfth century) includes a story headed de quodam monacho. It relates that quidam monachus Westmonasteriensis licfricus nomine fuit qui abbatiam Certesii dum eadem abbatia erat sine abbate multis modis ut eandem abbatiam haberet quesivit. He obtained his wish, but was removed by the King to Holme. Later he returned to Chertsey, was taken suddenly ill, and by the mercy of the blessed Virgin received the Holy Sacrament before his death. This story was told to the compiler of the treatise by ^dric, Prior of Chertsey. There is no record of any Abbot of Chertsey called Lefric and no trace of any such monk at Westminster. If he existed at all, the middle of the twelfth century would be a possible date. c. 1148-57 Bissea, Richard de. Witnessed a notification from Abbot Gervase (c. 1137—57) to R. [Robert de Chesney] Bishop of Lincoln (1148-66) about an appointment to Islip church in that diocese {Mun. 15183). John. Witnessed Mun. 15183, next to Richard de Bissea. HUGH. ? = Hugo, nouicius monachus (Domesday f. 493 b, where he witnessed a charter of Abbot Gervase next to Richard de Bissea). Prior. Abbot of St Edmundsbury 1157 (Dugdale, Monasticon, iii, 104). Died 1180 {ibid.). 44 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER c. 1157 William. Prior de Hurley c. 1157 (Mun. 3750*). ELIAS, Helias. Prior (Flete, p. 143) ; witnessed a charter of Abbot Gervase, no date (Mun. 17311). Witnessed a charter (Mun. 32670, Domesday f. 316 b) of the whole Convent along with Osbert de Clare during the vacancy caused by the deposition of Abbot Gervase (c. 1157), and before the appointment of Abbot Laurence (1158). c. 1158 LAURENCE. His parents had an anniversary at the Abbey on 28 Jan. (Mun. 8579). He had a nephew John (Domesday f. 649). Abbas 1158(?)— 11 Apr. 1173. (For a discussion of the dates given in Flete, p. 91 f., see Armitage Robinson's note, p. 143.) With the consent of the Chapter he granted the church of Sawbridge worth to the altar of St Peter for the maintenance of a lamp ante corpus Christi ; the rents to be paid and payments made by the monk who was Abbot's proctor or factotum, and the payments to include special wine and pittance for the Convent on the day set apart for the anniversary of the Abbot's father and mother, 28 Jan. {Mun. 8579). The grant of Alexander III confirming this is dated Anagniae vii Id. Feb. (7 Feb.) [1161] ; cf. Domesday flf. 382, 570 b. Sepultus in australi parte claustri ad pedes Gisleberti abbatis {Flete, p. 94). Was commemorated at Durham on 3 Apr. (Liber Vitae, Surt. Soc. p. 142). ALQUIN, Alequin. Prior "in the time of Abbot Laurence or between 1159 and 1175" [? 1158-73] (Widmore, p. 228). Was commemorated at Durham on 21 May (Lib. Vit. p. 143). Wyndesore, Wind', Peter de. A charter of Abbot Laurence (Domesday f. 368) mentions petrus de Wind' monachus nuper ecclesie nostre as having possessed a house in the City of London, in Piscaria. The longer form of the name is given in the margin. Roger. Infirmarius. Mentioned in a grant of Pope Alexander III about the assignment of the churches of Battersea and Wandsworth to the Infirmary [ad sustentacionem monachorum de Infirmaria iuxta capellam sancte Katerine] in the time of Abbot Laurence (Domesday f. 570 b). The date, Anagniae vii Id. Jul., is the same as that of Alexander Ill's Bull for the Confessor's canonization in 1161. c. 1161 Thomas. Celerarius. So named in a list of persons indebted to William Cade, a financier of Henry II's time, who is found witnessing documents 1161-8, &c. Thomas owed him £100 in conjunction with William Cape, who may be identical with Brother W. Capes [q.v.] (Eng. Hist. Rev. 1913, p. 227). Walter. Sacrista 1161. This appears from a charter in the Sacrist section of Domesday (f. 382), LIST OF MONKS 45 the grant being made at Anagni 7 Feb. (as above). The title of Sacrist is omitted after his name, but it may be safely assumed. 1 = Walter de Rokersbure, who appears in the Durham Liber Vitae, f. 57 p. 94 among the nomina monachorum ad succurrendum, and is there described as monachus Westmonasterii. The script is of the 13th century, but if W. de R. = Walter the Sacrist, he would be contemporary with Abbot Lau- rence and Alquin [q.v.], the other Westminster names in the Durham list. + 1169 Rocella, John de. Prior de Hurley 1 — c. 1169 [Mun. 2222; where he witnessed the con- firmation of a grant of land). + 1170 Seger, William. Prior de Hurley c. 1170-3 (Mun. 2280, which is a grant from Abbot Laurence [d. 1173] to him as Prior and to the Convent of Hurley of the church of Easthampstead, Berks). + 1173 ARUNDEL [Papilon], Ralph de. '? = Radulfus monachus, a witness (Domesday f. 293). , ? = Radulfus camerarius Abbatis who witnessed a grant by Abbot Walter 29 Sep. 1176 {Mun. lii). ? = Radulfus de Arundel who witnessed an undated charter connected with the Almonry, but is not described either as f rater or as monachus (Domesday f. 465 b ; cf. f. 324). He was probably Almoner (v. infra). Prior de Hurley ? 1173-1200. Gave the priory some lands in Little Waltham to support his anniversary at Hurley {Mun. 2229). Abbas 30 Nov. 1200—23 Jan. 1214. Flete, p. 99, gives 1201, but see J. Armitage Robinson's correction {ibid. p. 144). Mun. 5788 describes May 1209-May 1210 as the ninth year of his benediction, which is not of much assistance, but inclines in favour of 1200. For his letter conferring benefits on Robert Mauduit, King's Chamberlain, in return for benefactions to St Mary's Chapel see Domesday f. 507 b. Islip Manor was restored to the Abbot and Convent by King John 1 Nov. 1204 {Mun. 15160). Was deposed 23 Jan. 1214 (Flor. Hist, ii, 147) by Nicholas, Abbot of Waltham, fracto sigillo ipsius in capitulo. Mu7i. 4961 implies that provision was made for him in his retirement out of the manors of Sunbury and Teddington. Defunctus 12 Aug. 1223; sepultus in navi ecclesiae {Flete, p. 100). Leland {Collectanea, iv, 48, 49) noted among the contents of the Convent library Sermones Radulphi Eleemosynarii Prioris de Hurteley and added that the book was begun under Abbot Laurence and completed after his death with a dedication to Abbot Walter (cf. M. R. James in Manuscripts of Westminster Abbey, p. 23). 1175 WALTER. Prior of Winchester. Abbas 1175 (Flor. Hist, ii, 88); July 1175 (Ralph de Diceto, Rolls Ser. I, 401; 404). 46 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER His brother, Alexander, witnessed a writing about knight-service (Domesday f. 293). His nephew, Walter de Donitona [? Downton, Wilts ; cf. Kitchin, Obedi- entiary Rolls of Winchester, p. 13], witnessed a charter of his (Domesday f. 485). Granted the manor of Pertune [Perton, Staffs] to Hugh de Nunante [Nonant], Bishop of Coventry, for his life for 40s. a year 2 Feb. 1190 (Domesday, f. 468). Defunctus 27 Sep. 1190 (? 1191, Flete, p. 96 ; see Robinson's note, p. 144). For his anniversary, 27 Sep., see Domesday f. 464 ; Flete, p. 96. RICHARD. \ Prior. I Martin I ^^^^^©ssed deeds in Abbot Walter's time (Domesday f . 293, f. 324). Alexander. J c. 1189 MOLESHAM, Mulesham, Mullesham, Mulsam, Robert de. Precentor {Mun. 17323; Domesday ff. 509 b; 546; 551b). Mun. 17323 = Domesday f. 552, which is witnessed by Odo the Goldsmith, is a quit-claim of Simon de Gaiola, or Gayola, who can be dated 1197^8 by means of Mun. 17080. Gustos altaris b. Marie {Mun. 23638 dors. ; time of Odo the Goldsmith) ; procurator altaris (Domesday f. 509 b). Prior c. 1189-97. One of his leases was witnessed by Dnus Willelmus Eliensis domini Regis Thesaurarius ; i.e. William de Longchamp Bishop of Ely, 1189-97 (Muri. 17326 ; Domesday f. 547 b). ? = R. dictus Prior... mentioned in a charter of Abbot Arundel's time (Domesday f. 602 b; Flete, p. 99). There was an assignment of 100 *•. for his anniversary, 9 Dec.y»of which 20 s. were for a provision of bread for the poor on the Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary, that being the vigil of his anniversary (Customary, ii, 92). ( + 1191 POSTARD, William. Witnessed, as Prior, a confirmation by Abbot Walter ; no date (Mun. 2270). Abbas, 9 Oct. 1191 (cf. Ralph de Diceto, ii, 100; Flor. Hist, ii, 106). Granted to the Convent his vill of Parham, retaining the advowson of the church there, toto conventu...assistente...et...pro beneficio isto gratias omnimodas...referente (Mu7i. 4064). Assigned to the Infirmary an annual payment of 21 marks from the churches of Ocham [Oakham] and Hameldone [Hambleton] (Domesday f. 578). Consented to the erection by the Bishop of Exeter [Henry Marshall] of a chapel on some land bought for the use of the Bishops of Exeter from Geoffrey Picot and situate in Langedich, Westminster, on the Abbey's estate ; the consent was given on condition that there be no prejudice thereby to the rights of the Abbey or of St Margaret's chapel [1194-8] {Mun. 17312). Defunctus [U M^i] 1200 (Flor. Hist, ii, 122 ; Flete, p. 98, gives 1201). Sepultus in australi parte claustri ante cymbalum {ibid, and Robinson's note, pp. 22-4). For his anniversary see Flete, p. 98 ; Domesday f. 578. The latter, which only gives "William, Abbot," in its text, has a note interpreting this as LIST OF MONKS 47 Postard but then correcting the interpretation to Humez. If the identifica- tion with Postard is correct, he had a brother Arnulf and a nephew- Nicholas. c. 1191 AHnyn" i Capellani et monachi nostri. (So named in a charter of Abbot PiThp-H- I William [Postard]; Domesday f. 650.) + 1193 Geoffrey. Gaufridus Camerarius witnessed a grant of an annual rent from the churches of Oakham and Hambleton to the Pittancer of the Convent, c. 1193—1205 (Domesday f. 649 a, b). 1199 James. James the Cellarer was attorney for Abbot Postard in a suit about the church of Parham in Sussex, 1 Nov. 1199 {Mun. 4036; Domesday f. 578. The date is preserved in the latter). He is not called Frater in the document but he probably was one. + 1200 Robert. Prior de Hurley c. 1200-1 (cf. F. T. Wethered, Last Days of Hurley Priory, p. 11). 1214 HUMEZ, de Humeto, William. Monk of Caen and Prior of Frampton, Dorset, a cell of St Stephen, Caen. His brother Alexander (Domesday f. 470 b). Abbot, 4 May 1214 (Flor. Hist, ii, 147). He is mentioned in a charter which was certified at New Sarum 15 May 1214 (Domesday f. 473b). Was blessed by William de St Marychurch, Bishop of London, 25 May, 1214 (Flor. Hist. II, 148). For his assignments for his anniversary, for observing the translation of St Edmund [9 Jun.], and other purposes, see M^ln. 32354 ; Domesday f. 120 b. Made an agreement with Hugh [de Northwold] Abbot of St Edmundsbury for a confederation of the two Convents {Muii. 17315*). Made a composition with the Prior and Convent of Greater Malvern securing his right to approve their choice of a Prior, to visit their house yearly with not more than 20 horses in liis train, to receive at Westminster the professions of their monks, and to have the use on certain conditions of his hospice at Powick Manor [1216-18] {Mim. 32628 ; Domesday f. 574). Issued a grant of full spiritual benefits from the Abbey and its cells to all who contributed to the cost of the new Lady Chapel — noui operis apud Westm. in honorem matris virginis inchoati — c. 1220 (Domesday f. 507 b). For the award in the dispute between the Bishop of London [Eustace de Fauconberg] and the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's of the one part and our Abbot and Convent of the other part, 1222, see Mun. 12753 and cf. Widmore, p. 37. Defunctus 20 Apr. 1222 {Flete, p. 102). Sepultus in australi parte claustri...ad caput abbatis Gervasii (ihid. ; and cf. Robinson's note, p. 23). 48 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER + 1219 B E R K I N G , Berkjmg, Richard de. His mothers name was Lucy, and her anniversary was on 25 Feb. (Domesday f. 375-6). Prior + Jun. 1219 (Domesday f. 615 b). Abbas (electus post 20 Apr.) 1222—23 Nov. 1246. Honorius III issued a mandate 7 Jul. 1222 to the Abbot of St Albans and the Abbot of Waltham to examine his election and confirm it if canonical (Kal. Pap. Reg. i, 88). Received benediction fi'om Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, 18 Sep. 1222 (Flor. Hist, ii, 176). Consiliarius specialis Henrici III : baro scaccarii principalis ; Angliae thesaurarius {Flete, p. 103). Received from Gregory IX a faculty to give the first tonsure on solemn festivals 10 Dec. 1228 (Kal. Pap. Reg. i, 121) and an indult to give episcopal benediction at masses, vespers, and matins 23 May 1246 (ibid. 225). Had a dispute with the Convent about the application of the rents of certain manors, — a settlement being brought about by the Bishops of Wells, Sali-sbury and Chichester, and confirmed by Gregory IX 7 Jul. 1227 (Mun. 5683***). Came to an arrangement with Roger Niger, Bishop of London, as to jurisdiction, visitation, procurations, ifcc, in the matter of the Nuns of Kilburn Priory; dated in capella apud Fuleham 21 Jul. 1231 {Mun. 4843; Liv). Received a royal grant entitling the Convent to have eight stags yearly against the feast of St Peter ad Vincula from the herd in Windsor Forest 16 Jul. 1235 {Mun. 1517). Abbot Richard, who gi-anted an indulgence to all who would contribute to the repair of the cell of St Bartholomew, Sudbury, — in favillam et cinerem redacte, — {Mun. 20768) was probably de Berking (cf. its phrase minister huiuilis with the .same as used by him, Domesday f. 375 b). Defunctus 23 Nov. 1246 (Flor. Hist, ii, 314); sepultus ante medium altaris in capella beatissimae ]Mariae virginis in tumba marmorea decenter ornata {Flete, p. 106). For his anniversary see Domesday f. 376 ; Flete, p. 107 ; and for his assignment of land outside Estgrave Wood [Kensington] for the illumination of St Mary's Chapel see Mun. 4868 ; Domesday f. 566 b. In ii candelabris factis de nouo ad pedes Abbatis de B. vi^^. 1298-9 (St Mary's Chapel). Et pro i petra marmorea pro tumba Abbatis R. de B. c^ 1397-8 {ibid.). + 1221 Stanford, William de. Prior de Hurley c. 1221 {Mun. 474: 2185). + 1231 Le Gras, Richard. Son of William le Gras (v. infra). Richard [de Berking], Abbot, and the Convent granted him an anniversary on 28 Feb. for the souls of his father William and other relations. Out of lands acquired for the purpose at Stevenage. Herts, i. 18450). Supprior 1387-8 {Jfun. 18521). In diuersis expensis factis per fratrem J. C. equitantem per vices hoc anno uersus dominum Regem pro negociis ecclesie expediendis xxix* xi*^ ob. 1387-8 (Treasurer). Collector of Abbey rents in Wood Street 1390-1. Senescallus hospicii Abbatis [W. Colchester] 16 Nov. 1390—29 Sep. 1391. For his gift of mappe mensales de linea tela to the Hostillar cf. Mun. 9-180. Et pro surgeria fratris J. C. xxvi^ viii"i 1393-4 (Infirmarer). Et in batillagio fratrum J. C. et Ricardi Merlawe euntium usque Ducem de Gloucestre [Thomas of Woodstock] cum exennio sibi facto de panno aureo eundo et redeundo vi^ 1393-4 (Mun. 18527). Defunctus 15 Aug. 1400 (JIun. 18882) ; 1399-1400 (Infirmarer). Sepultus 18 Aug. U0O{JIun. 18883). Attached to JIun. 18883 is a statement of his effects and their distribution and of the expenses connected with his illness and burial, which amounted in all to £6. lis. 9d. The expenses began on Friday 13 Aug. and include meat, fish, and wine for the brethren ; hire of candelabra and two wax candles and their carriage by water {7s. bd.) ; a piece of marble, with the carriage and laying of it (55^, id.) ; and a brass plate inscribed with verses, cum dicti imagine super predictam petram (13s. id.). 1363-4 (Chamberlain) Stokton, Stoghton, Hugh. In 1369 he was still receiving from Q. Alianore only ith of the portion paid to a priest. No further mention. Famago, Famego, Famygho, Famyghow, Famjmgho, John. Prima Missa 1365-6 (Cellarer: probably Almoner). Scolaris existens Oxon. (£10) 1368-9; 1371-2 U; 1378-9 (Treasurer). Ad skillam 1374 (Q. Alianore); 1373-4 (Infirmarer; Almoner; Cellarer; St Mary's Chapel). At Avignon 14 Aug. 1377 he was witness with William Colchester [q.v.] to Cardinal Langham's will (Widmore, p. 191 ; ifua. 9225) ; for details of his exjjenses see Mun. 9228. William de Colchester (at Rome, 20 Nov. 1377) addressed a letter to him at Westminster as an alternative to the Prior [R. de Merston] who was dying or dead at the time {Mun. 9240). Thesaurarius maner™ Regine Alianore 1380-3. Refectorarius 1384-5 (Treasurer). As such he gave evidence about the tithing of Thames salmon {Flete, p. 64). His last appearance in any surviving list is in Chamberlain 1382-3 ; but he was paid by the Treasurer 1384-5 pro caseo emendo et aliis necessariis, being then Refectorer. No further list tiU 1390. Litlington, Litlyngton, Lytlynton, Littelyngton, Litelton, William. Prima Missa 1365-6 (Cellarer: probably Almoner). Refectorarius 1 373-6 ? +. Ad skillam 1380-1 (Infirmarer; Treasurer; Warden of the Churches). Precentor 1384-7 (Treasurer). Custos capelle b. Marie 1387-8 {Mun. 18521); 29 Sep. 1388—25 Nov. 1389. Camerarius 1389-92 (Treasurer); 1392-3; 1393-7 (Treasurer). Gave evidence as such about the tithing of Thames salmon {Flete, p. 64). In his LIST OF MONKS 109 time each brother received one pannus integer, 6 "quarters" in width and 11| yards in length, each pannus costing 10s. {Lib. Nig. Quat. i. 80). Infirmarius 19 Aug.— 28 Sep. 1391 ; 1397-1413?+. The Infirmarer made payments for surgical treatment for him in 1366-7 (pro tibia curanda hoc anno xx'), in 1374-5 (for the same, £4), in 1400-1 (for his arm), in 1403-4, and 1405-6. In the case of the last three payments, vis viii'* each, he was himself Infirmarer. Nuper defunctus 1414 (Q. Alianore ; i.e. he probably died shortly before the audit of 1413-4; his own compotus as Infirmarer to Mich^ 1414 does not survive). Coumbe, Combe, Cumbe, Peter. Prima Missa 1365-6 (Cellarer; probably Almoner). Existens Oxon. (£10) 1369-72?+ (Treasurer). Ad skillam 1375-6 (Infirmarer; Treasurer). Gustos ecclesiarum 1377-81 ; 1399-1401. Thesaurius maner™ Regine Alianore 1378-80. Thesaurarius 1380-5; (et Ballivus) 1399-1401. Coquinarius 1380-5 (Treasurer; cf. Flete, p. 64). Archidiaconus 27 Mar. 1383 {Mun. 18447 — a notarial declaration of the decision of the Roman Curia in favour of the Abbot and Convent of West- minster in the dispute with the Dean and College of St Stephen). Sacrista 17 Nov. 1385—25 Nov. 1399; 1411-3 (Treasurer; New Work). It fell to him as Sacrist to render the first account for the provision of round and square candles for the tomb of Queen Anne at the command of Richard II, from whose Treasurer he received 800 lbs. of wax, 1394-5 {Mun. 23970 b). As Sacrist he received xxxii^ yearly, at the rate of iiii^ for each of the eight principal feasts, ex noua ordinacione domini Willelmi [Colchester] nunc Abbatis, 1393-4 (Warden of the Churches). He made frequent journej's to Purbeck and Reigate to procure marble and stone; e.g. in expensis sacriste versus Purbyk xlv^ ii*^ ob. 1395-6 (New Work). Custos Novi Operis 29 Sep. 1387—25 Nov. 1399. [His "great work was the purchase and placing of the marble pillars " in the nave ; cf. R. B. Rackham, Nave of Westminstei', pp. 8-12.] Proctor for the Abbot and Convent in the suits against the Dean and College of St Stephen 10 Dec. 1378 {Mun. 18441); 20 Dec. 1387 {Mun. 18450). He acted as sub-executor of the Bishop of Penna and published sentence against the Dean and College who had contumaciously continued to celebrate the divine offices 7 Jul. 1393 (Kal. Pap. Reg. iv, 463). Administrator participacionis Anne Regine (with John Borewell) 1394 — 7 Jun. 1399. Custos capelle b. Marie 1395-8? + ; 1401 {Mu7t. 18535)-1403; 1407-8; 1410. Thesaurarius maner"" Regine Alianore 1378-80; custos 1399-1400. He destroyed the tomb of Abbot Richard de Berking (cf. Flete, p. 106). Was entered at his usual place in the manor rolls 1421-2, and for his outfit in 1422-3 (Chamberlain); inter mortuos, 1423-4 (Chamberlain); so probably died 1422-3. Witlesford, Wittlesford, Wytlesford, William. Prima Missa 1365-6 (Cellarer; probably Almoner). Scolaris Oxon. (£10) 1370-1 (Treasurer). The Steward of the Abbot's Household of this year gave him viii^ viii'' in recessu suo versus Oxon. Precentor 1376-82 (Treasurer; Warden of the Churches). no MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Gave a parva tabula cum duobus trestallis to the Misericorde (Mun. 6628). Defunctus 1381-2 (Infirmarer). Redynge, Redyngg, John, Junior (T. Redyngg in Chamberlain 1363-4). Prima Missa 1367-8 (Almoner; Cellarer). Defunctus 1375-6 (Infirmarer). Warewyk, Warrewyke, Warwike, Thomas. Defunctus 1382-3 (Infirmarer). Denham, Roger. Prima Missa 1367-8 (Almoner; Cellarer). Defunctus 1384-5 (Infirmarer). Gififard, Gyflfard, J. Prima Missa 1365-6 (Cellarer; probably Almoner). Last mention 1382-3 (Chamberlain). 1366-7 Wynewyk, Wynwike, Wonewyk, Robert. Canon of the Gilbertine or Sempringham Order ; a general release in respect of his transference to Westminster was sealed by the Master of the Order 10 Jan. 1366(7) (3Jun. 31775). Solut' magistro de Scherpyngham precepto domini Abbatis pro fratre R. W. canonici dicti magistri, vi" xiii^ iiii*^ 1366-7 (Treasurer). Gustos capelle b. Marie 1376 {Mun. 17690, a lease dated 12 Oct.; in Mun. 23188 he is mentioned as having held the oifice between J. Holbech and J. Stowe). Defunctus 1383-4 (Infirmarer). 1369 (Q. Alianore)! Holbech, Holbeche, John. Prima Missa 1369 (Q. Alianore) ; 1368-9 (Infirmarer). Camerarius 1375-9 (Treasurer; Refectorer). Custos capelle b. Marie (J/w?i. 23188; between 1374 and 1382). Defunctus c. Jan. 1411 (Infirmarer; he had been treated with diuersis emplastris,— ii^ iii''). Witlesford, Wittelesford, Wittlesford, Wytlesford, Wytlisford, John. Nouicius 1369 (Q. Alianore). Ad skillam 1375-6 (Infirmarer; Treasurer). Thesaurarius maner™ Regine Alianore 1375-7. Thesaurarius 1378-9. Coquinarius 1378-9 (Treasurer). Last mentioned, seventh below W. Witlesford (Chamberlain 1379-80). Merlawe, Merlowe, Marlowe, Richard de. Prima Missa 1370-1 (Infirmarer; Cellarer; Almoner; Treasurer). Custos vestibuli 1377 {Lib. Nig. Quat. f. 81). Camerarius 1379-80; 1382-3; 1383-7 (Treasurer; Refectorer); 1389 {Mun. 27824); 28 Sep. 1400-5 Aug. 1401. Mun. 27824 gives details about manor-courts held by him as Chamberlain 1380-9 at Headley, Surrey. Senescallus hospicii Abbatis 1380-3; 29 Dec. 1387—16 Nov. 1390 (cf. R. H. Lath bury, History of Denham, p. 458). 1 It may be assumed, unless otherwise stated, that the rest of the names appear first in the libts attached to the manor-rolls (Q. Alianore ; Bichard II ; Henry V) of the years specified. LIST OF MONKS 111 Among the purchases he made from Litlington's executors 1387 were 17 bows, a sheaf of "catapults" and 13 sheaves of other missiles {Mun. 5446). Collector of Abbey rents at Westminster and Wood Street 1391-4. Ad skillam 1391-2 (Infirmarer; Cellarer). Coquinarius 1391-7 (Treasurer). Refectorarius 1392-4 (Chamberlain; Treasurer). Gustos capelle b. Marie 1392-3. Thesaurarius et Gustos ecclesiarum 1393-7. For his visit with a present to the Duke of Gloucester 1393-4, see John Canterbery {Mun. 18527). Granator 1394-7. Celerai'ius et Gardinarius 1396 — 11 Nov. 1397. Indult for confessor 28 Sep. 1398 (KaJ. Pap. Reg. v, 148, where the name is given as Marlowe. On the same date there was a similar indult issued to William Merlawe, monk of Westminster, but no monk of that name was in the Convent at the time). From 1400 onwards he was in the sick-room frequently and for long periods : — Solut Johanne Lethe mulieri pro diuersa medicina facta pro fratre R. M....iii^ iiii'' et...ii medicis...pro dicto R. vi^ iiNew Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Defunctus 1499— 1500 (Q. Alianore, f share; Richard II, full share; inter mortuos, Chamberlain). Gardener, Gardyner, Thomas. Scolaris studens Oxon. (£Q. 13s. 4c?.) 1497—9 ; studens Oxon. et Cantebrig. 1499-(Christmas) 1500 (Treasurer). Prima Missa 1500-1 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Sacrist; Treasurer ; St Mary's Chapel). Was receiving and making payments for Prior Mane Jul. 1502 (Mun. 33288, f. 21b). His name occurs in the Flores Historiarum MS. (Chetham Library, Manchester) ; cf. Manuscripts of Westminster Abbey, p. 25. In the list presented by Abbot Islip to Cardinal Wolsey 31 Dec. 1518 his name appeared much lower down, between George Abyndon (1502-3) and Nicholas Lindesey (1503-4) ; Mun. 12790. His name dropped out of our manorial lists after 1505-6, as on 20 May 1507 he was appointed Prior of Blythe by the Crown acting through the Duchy of Lancaster. He resigned this office before 16 Jul. 1511, returned to Westminster and was given a | share from the Manors 1511—12 (Dugdale, Monast. iv, 621). Ad skillam 1520-1 (New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff ; Warden of the Churches). Coquinarius 1521-2?+ {Mun. 33330). Camerarius 1528—9 [nuper caraerarius 24 Jun. 1530; Mun. 18821]. He received a double share of outfit in 1528—9, being himself Chamberlain ; but was not afterwards mentioned, except as above. Breynt, Brent, Brente, William. For J. Islip's expenses in fitting him out as a novice, 12 Nov. 1493, see Mtm. 33290 f. 18. Prima Missa 1498-9 (Infirmarer; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk-Bailiff; cf. Mun. 33286 f. 84). Scolaris studens Oxon. (£6. 13s. id.) 1501-8?+ (Treasurer); B.D. 1507 (Foster, Al. Oxon.). Pro reparacione domus W. B. [and two other] studentium hoc anno Oxon. vii^ viii^ 1502-3 (Treasurer). In 1506-7 Breynt and the others came to the Convent in May for the visitation and Breynt came again alone in September. Defunctus 15U7-8 (Chamberlain; Q. Alianore, Richard II, Henry V, full share; so probably 1508). 176 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Stanley, Staynle, Robert. Prima Missa 1497—8 (Infirniarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel). Ad skillam 1.505-6 (Chamberlain; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk- Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). Defunctus 1507-8 (Chamberlain; Q. Alianore, Richard II, full share; so probably 1508). Elfrede, Elfred, Elfride, Elfryde, Thomas. Born at Langton [Launton], Oxon. (Hennessey, Repertorium, clxxii). Took part in Fascet's election 9 Jul. 1498 {Mun. 5459). Prima Missa 1498-9 (Infirmarer ; New Work ; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk- Bailiff [Mun. 3.3286 f. 84] ; Cellarer ; Almoner ; St Mary's Chapel). Took part in Islip's election 27 Oct. 1500 {Mun. 5444). Ad skillam 1506-7 (Chamberlain; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk-Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). Refectorarius 1506-9. As such he received into the Refectory the body of the Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, who died at Cheynygates, the Abbot's mansion, 29 Jun. 1509. The body lay in the Refectory from 3 to 9 Jul., when it was removed to the Abbey church {Mun. 19606). Coquinarius 1509-10 (Treasurer). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as ninth Prebendary of the Abbey 17 Dec. 1540. "To have [yearly] xxviii" v^ " {Mun. 6478, f. 2). "Mr Elfride to be vice-deane," 15 Dec. 1545 (Acts of Dean and Chapter, f. 28 a). Last attendance at Chapter 20 Mar. 1546 {ibid. f. 30 a). His will was dated 8 Jun. and proved 12 Nov. 1546; he desired to be buried against the south door in what was "sometyme the processione way" (Consist. Ct Reg. " Thirlby," f. 96 b). Westminster, Westmyster, William, Prima Missa 1498-9 (Inhrmarer ; New Work ; Sacrist; Cellarer; Almoner ; Monk-Bailiff; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel). Ad skillam 1507-8 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist ; Treasurer ; Monk-Bailiff). Gustos feretri 1508-13 (Sacrist). Camerarius 1509-28. Custos capelle b. Marie 1528-31. An elector of Thomas Jaye to the Priorship 6 May 1528 {Mun. 9501). Defunctus 1532-3 (Infirmarer; Q. Alianore; Richard II; Henry V; Chamberlain). 1494-5 London, Robert [William (Almoner; Sacrist; 1497-8)]. Prima Missa 1497-8 (Infirmarer ; New Work ; Almoner : Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Defunctus 1503-4 (Infirmarer; Q. Alianore, Richard II, full share; so probably 1504); inter mortuos 1504-5 (Chamberlain). Benwell, Benewell, Thomas. The junior of the chapter which elected Fascet as Abbot, 9 Jul. 1498, by which time he must have been a priest, though he only received a f share, Q. Alianore, and a f share, Richard II, for that year. Defunctus 1499-1500 (Infirmarer; Q. Alianore, ^ share; Richard II, ^ share; Chamberlain; so probably 1500). LIST OF MONKS 177 1498-9 Barton, Thomas. Studens Oxon. (Henry VII; £10), 1502-6'?+. Prima Missa 1505-6 (Infirmarer ; Chamberlain; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist). Studens Oxon. (Easter) 1515-22 U (Treasurer; Mun. 15212) ; B.D. 1512 ; D.D. 1516 (Foster, AL Oxon.). In diuersis reparacionibus hoc anno factis super domum studentium Oxon. ut in quibusdam caminis edificatis et tegulis renouatis ceteribusque defectibxis in dicta domo reparatis, c- 1517-8 (Treasurer). A note in his handwriting (Mun. 15212) shows how he and his fellows kept the Feast of St Edward :— Thys byll testyfythe y* we v scolars [the other four were presumably D. Dalianns, A. Dunston, J. Laurence and R. Benet] w*'' other v w"' us of y*" bretheren of Glosset'' colege hathe ex- pendyd in y'^' obseruance of holy Saint Edwards our patronys seruisse kept at yslype in hys chappell & of y^ dyrj^ge & masses kept there in y*^ paryshe churche for y*" sowlys of y'' parents of o'' most worsliypfull spirituall father in God y*^ abotte of Westm the summe of x"* the yere of o'' lord a mcccccxxii the xv*'' day next after mykylinas day [14 Oct. 1522]. By me rudely wryten Dan Thomas Barton Monk of Westminster. Prior of the students at Gloucester College 25 Oct. 1522 (3fnn. 15703). Not mentioned after the manoi'ial lists of 1521-2. KnoUe, KnoUes, Knollys, John. Prima Missa 1502-3 (New Work ; Almoner; Cellarer; Treasurer). Ad skillam 1509-10 (Chamberlain; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk-Bailitf; St Mary's Chapel). Pension iii^ iiii'' (Richard II); vi'' viii'' (Domestic Treasurer) 1526-7; x^ 1527-8 (St Mary's Chapel). Defunctus 1529-30 (Infirmarer; his St Mary's Chapel pension was paid to Lady-Day 1530). March, Marisshe, Marsh, Marsshe, Merssh, Mersshe, William. Prima Missa 1501-2 (Infirmarer; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel). " Southamoner (= subelemosinarius) and Corderer " in succession to Thomas Brown 3 Nov. 1509 (Mun. 6597, which is an inventory of "the stuff belonging to the misericorde and aiimerie "). Coquinarius 1511-6 (Treasurer). Defunctus 1516-7 (Q. Alianore, Richard II, itenry V, full share); inter mortuos 1517-8 (Chamberlain). Stowell, Thomas. Prima Missa 1500-1 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Sacrist; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel). His receipts and payments for Prior Mane Jul. 1502 [Mun. 33288 f. 22). Ad skillam 1509-10 (Chamberlain; Cellarer; Treasurer; Monk-Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). Last mentioned as receiving his outfit from the Chamberlain 1515-6. Pyttz, Fyttez, Fittes, Pyte, Pitt, William. Prima Missa 1500-1 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almonei- ; Sacrist; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel). Granator ?+ 1506-7?+. Studens Oxon. (£6. Vis. id.) U 1509— (Christmas) 1511 (Treasurer). p. ii. w. 12 178 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Subelemosinarius 1512-3 (J/un. 32306; 33301 ff. 1-3 b). Defunctus 1512-3 (Q. Alianore ; Richard II; Henry V) : inter mortuos 1513-4: (Chamberlain). 1501-2 J AYE, Jay, Thomas. A mutilated paper (}fun. 12890 v) records his profession and vow of obedience 17 1501. His age was sfiven, but the figure has gone. Studens Oxon. (Henry VII ; £10), 1502-6 ] + . Prima !Missa 1508-9 (New Work ; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). B.D. Oxon. 28 Mar. 1512 (Foster, Af. Oxon.). Thesaurarius et Ballivus 1514—28. Gustos ecclesiarum 1514-28. Gustos maner'" Regine Alianore ; Ricardi II et Anne ; Henrici V ; 1514-28. Celerarius 1515-28. Prior 6 Mai. 1528. The notarial instrument of his election {Mun. 9501) shows that two days after 4 May 1528, when William Mane died, the Convent assembled in the Chapter House with a legal assessor and two notaries public. The Abbot nominated seven senior monks, — H. Jones, W. Grene, R. Davers, W. West- minster, Thomas Jaye, J. Langham, and R. Galowe, — who were to retire by themsehes and choose three monks from among whom the Abbot might select one. In due course H. Joues, the Sub-Prior, reported that their choice had fallen on R. Davers, the Intirraarer, Thomas Jaye, the Treasurer, and Dionysius Dalyannce, the Precentor. Thereupon the Abbot, with the consent of the Convent and of R. Davers and D. Dalyannce, appointed Thomas Jaye to be Prior. They then left the Chapter House, reciting the accustomed canticles, psalms, and prayers, and Thomas Jaye was installed as Prior in the choir, on the left-hand side of it. Ad skillam. Prior. 1528 (1527-8, Infirmarer ; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner ; Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer ; St Mary's Chapel). Thesaurarius iutrinsecus 1528-34? + . Muniments, Book 3, a folio parchment of 94 pages, recording the Appro- priations of the churches belonging to the Abbey, is describee! (p. 3) as ex sumptibus Fratris Thome Jay quondam Thesaurarii (ManuscHpts of West- minster Abbey, p. 98). He was alive at the anniversary of Abbot Colchester, Oct. 1534 {Jfun. 5262 b) and at the anniversary of Henry Merston in April of the 26th of Henry VIII, but the da}' of this anniversary is not known ; so this year may be 1534 or 1535 (Sfun. 5255*). The Chamberlain of 1535-6 entered him as Prior and supplied his outfit. Downes, Downys, Downe, Robert. Professus 17 1501, an. aet. xvii (Mun. 12890 v). Prima Missa 1506-7 (Chamberlain; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk-Bailiff; St Marys Chapel). His last payment from the manoi'S was in 1522-3 (Q. Alianore); but the Chamberlain entered his outfit in his usual place up to 1524-5. Marshall, Marchall, John. Professus 17 1501, an. aet. xxi {Mu7i. 12890 v). Prima Missa 1502-3 (New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Treasurer). Ad skillam 1514:-5 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist ; Warden of the Churches). LIST OF MONKS 179 His last payment from the manors was in 1520-1 (Q. Alianore) ; the Chamberlain entered him for an outfit, except panni nigri, in 1521-2 ; so he may have joined another Order. Eles, Elis, Elyce, Elys, Elice, EUes, EUys, William. Professus 17 1501, an. aet. xix {Mnn. 12890 v). Prima Missa 1504-5 (Inlirmarer ; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist ; Monk-Bailiff). Ad skillam 1516-7 (New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Refectorarius 1530-4. Signed the deed of Surrender IG Jan. 1540. Flete, Flet, Flett, Edward. Studens Oxon. (£6. 13*'. \d.) 1506-8?+ (Treasurer). Prima Missa 1508-9 (New Work ; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). Was entered as if deceased in Q. Alianore 1511-2 with full payment, but by the Chamberlain of that year in his usual place. No further mention. Callowe, Callow, Calowe, Calho, Karowe, Robert. Prima Missa 1504-5 (Intirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff). Ad skillam 1516-7 (Almoner ["William Karowe"] ; Cellarer; St Mary's Chapel; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Coquinarius 1516-20 (Treasurer ["William Callow" 1516-7; "Robert Calowe" 1517-8]; 1523-33 (and so at Prior Jaye's election 6 May 1528, Mmi. 9501); cf. Mun. 32279. Was alive at Abbot Colchester's anniversary Oct. 1534 (Mun. 5262 b). Inter mortuos 1533-4 (Q. Alianore; Richard II); 1534-5 (Henry V) ; 1535-6 (Chamberlain). Langham, John. Prima Missa 1504-5 (Infirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff). Custos feretri 1528 (at Prior Jaye's election 6 May; Mtcn. 9501). Alive 1534-5 (Henry V ; and Colchester's anniversary Oct. 1534); but not entered in the Chaanberlain's list 1535-6. Overton, Ouerton, William. Prima Missa 1504-5 (Infirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff). Ad skillam 1515-6 (New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; St Mary's Chapel; Monk-Bailiff ; Warden of the Churches). Coquinarius 1520-1 {Mun. 33329). Subsacrista 1 + 1523-31 %+. Refectorarius 1525-30. Elemosinarius 1531-2. Camerarius ? + 1531-6. Infirmarius 1533-4. Not mentioned after 1536 when he was in the sick-room on meat diet for three days (Infirmarer 1536-7). Fulwell, John. Appears at the end of Q. Alianore, Richard II and Henry V (inter mortuos) in 1501-2 with a full share in each case. No other appearance. Rackham suggested that John Brice (1479-80) = John Fulwell; but Brice appears at end of Richard II, 1499-1500 (inter mortuos); Chamberlain, 1500-1. Another John Fulwell entered the Convent in 1503-4. It seems 12—2 180 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER therefore that the above John Fulwell died within his first yeai', having entered the Convent as a fully ordained priest. Bothe, Boothe, Bouth, William. Studens Oxon. (Henry YII; JIO), 1502-6]+. Defunctus 1507-8 (Chamberlain; Q. Alianore, J share; Richard II, I share; so probably 1508). 1502-3 Comysshe, John [William (New Work ; Sacrist; 1504-5)]. Prima Missa 1504-5 (Infirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff). Ad skillam 1519-20 (Chamberlain; New Work ; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk- Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Supervisor pauperum Ilenrici VII {Mun. 32249). Last mentioned in Henry Y, 1534-5, and in Miin. 5255* (Apr. 1 1535); alive at Abbot Colcliester's anniversarj^ Oct. 1534 {Mun. 5262 b). Bedford, Bedforde, Beddeford, John. Prima Missa 1506-7 (Chamberlain; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk-Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). Granator 1512-4. Celerarius 1513-5. " Misericorderer and Southamner " (= Keeper of the Misericorde and Sub-almoner) 1514 {Mun. 33301 f. 4 b). Gustos raauer'" Regine Alianore ; Ricardi II et Anne ; Henrici V ; 1513-4 (perhaps he merely drew up the compotus vice T. Brown, deceased). Supervisor pauperum regis Henrici VII (xl^) 1518-9 {Mun. 24248). Defunctus 1519-20 (Q. Alianore; Richard II); inter mortuos 1520-1 (Chamberlain). Mun. 31839 is an undated account for camphor and other drugs supplied to him amounting to 4s. Abyndon, Abyngton, Abyngdon, Abendon, George. Prima Missa 1506-7 (Chamberlain; Sacrist; Treasurer; Monk-Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). Defunctus 1521-2 (Q. Alianore; Richard II; Henry V). 1503-4 Campion, Campyon, John. Prima Missa 1508-9 (New Work; Sacrist ; St Mary's Chapel). ? Coquinarius 29 Sep. 1516 — 24 Jun. 1517 {Mun. 33327 is a Kitchener's ledger of 29 ff. which bears this date and his name, but does not call him Kitchener). Defunctus 1515-6 (Q. Alianore; Henry V ; full share); inter mortuos 1516-7 (Chamberlain). Lindesey, Lyndesey, Lynsey, Lynzeye, Nicholas. Priiua ^Missa 1508-9 (New AVork ; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). Studens Oxon. (£6. 13s. 4d) ?+ 1509-17 (Treasurer). Received £10 (Henry VII) on proceeding to the degree of Bachelor 1516-7 ; 5 Nov. 1516 (Foster, Al. Oxon.). Defunctus 1523-4 (Infirmarer); inter mortuos 1522-3 (Q. Alianore; Richard II); 1523-4 (Henry V). LIST OF MONKS 181 Ledgold, Lydegold, Lydgold, Thomas. Prima Missa 1508-9 (New Work; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). Ad skillam 1521-2 (New Work; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). Alive at Abbot Colchester's anniversary Oct. 1534 {Mun. 5262 b). Pulwell, John. Prima Missa 1508-9 (New Work ; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). Granator 1514-25?+ (probably to 1528). Subelemosinarius ?+14 Oct. 1520—29 Sep. 1521?+ {Ilfun. .33301 ff. 6-9). Deputatus domini Abbatis in officio custodis capelle b. Marie 1514-25; custos 1525-8. Pro factura corone virginis beate Marie nuper f urate ac pro deauracione eiusdem iiii'' xvi^..pro xii unc' argenti ad idem...xlviii^, 1527-8 (St Marys Chapel). Thesaurarius et Ballivus 1528-35. (As such, he made payments for the decoration of the Jesus [= Islip] Chapel ; cf . J. Armitage Robinson, Benedictine Abbey of Westminster, Ch. Quart. Rev. Ap. 1907, p. 75.) As Treasurer he held Courts at the different manors and Mun. 9544 shows his itinerary for this purpose in 1531. Leaving Westminster after the feast of St Peter and St Paul, he sat at Aldenham, Herts., 30 Jun.; at Launton, Oxon., 3 Jul. ; at Turweston, Bucks., 4th ; at KnoUe, Warwickshire, 6th ; at Oakham, Rutland, 10th; at Oftbrd Cluny, Hunts., 12th; at Ashwell, Herts., 14th; at Birdbrook, Essex, 17th; at Fering, 18th; at Kelvedon and at Moulsham, 19th; and at Benfleet, 21st; returning to Westminstei", 22nd. Custos ecclesiarum 1528—35. Celerarius 1528-35. Archidiaconus 18 Aug. 1528 (when he conducted an inquiry into the boundaries of the parish of St Botolph, Aldersgate ; Mun. 13530). Custos maner'" Regine Alianore 1528-34; Ricardi II et Anne 1528-34; Henrici V, 1528-35. Deputatus custos maner™ Henrici VII 1531-3 {Mun. 28043 a, b). Coquinarius 1533 (Treasurer). As Islip's chaplain he was much concerned with the furnishing of Henry VII's Chapel ; e.g. Benedetto da Rovezzano, the sculptor, received through him a payment, "on account," of £11. 5^., being one third of the price of Our Lady's Altar, 22 Aug. 1526 {Mun. 30626). Together with Thos. J aye and D. Dalianns he was chosen to make to Henry VIII the official notification of Islip's death {Mu7i. 5458). Defunctus 1535-6 (Chamberlain; he was alive 27 Aug. 1535, Mun. 8731). In a letter from John Gostwyk to Cromwell, 26 Aug, 1535, it was stated that Richard Gresham [presumably the Lord Mayor and father of the founder of the Royal Exchange] desires Cromwell's favour for J. F., monk-bailly of Westminster, to be Prior of Worcester. Gresham will give £100 to Cromwell to buy a saddle and £'2Q to Gostwyk for his procurement in the matter {Lett, and Pap. Foreign and Domestic, ix, no. 184). Apparently F.'s death disposed of the project ; but the priory of Worcester did not fall vacant till early in 1536 (Dugdale, Monast. i. 581). Algood, Algode, Algude, Allgood, Allgoode, William. Prima Missa 1510-11 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Sacrist; Monk-Bailift'; St Mary's Chapel). Ad skillam 1524-5 (New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer, on behalf of the Monk-Bailiff and the Warden of the Churches ; St Mary's Chapel). Defunctus 1531-2 (Infirmarer ; Q. Alianore; Henry V; full share); inter mortuos 1532-3 (Charaberlaui). 182 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Evsam, Evsham, Evesham, Ipsam, Ipsham, Ypsam, William. Prima Missa 1510-11 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner: Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff; 8t Mary's Chapel). Last mention 1534-5 (Henry V, in his usual place in the list; alive Apr. ?1535, iVun. 5255*). Hendon, Nicholas. Studens Oxon. (£6. 13s. 4^^.) 1506— Apr. 1512 (Treasurer). Prima Missa 1510-11 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). No mention after 1511-12, when he was entered as usual by the Chamber- lain, but at the end of Q. Alianore without payment ; at end of Richard II, full payment, 1510-1. Perhaps he left the Convent. 1506-7 Winchester, Wynchester, Henry. Prima Missa 1510-11 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff: St Mary's Chapel). Studens Oxon. (Henry VII; £10) 1 + 151-5-6. Pveceived £10 (Henry VII) on proceeding to the degree of B.D., 1516-7 ; 2 Apr. 1517 (Foster, AL Oxon.). Gustos feretri 1520-1 {Mun. 9485). Defunctus 1520-1 (Q. Alianore; Richard II; Henry V) ; inter mortuos 1521-2 (Chamberlain). Malvern, Malverne, John. Prima Missa 1512 3 (Intirmarer ; New Work; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel). Granator 1528-34. Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as tenth Prebendary of the Abbey 17 Dec. 1540; £28. hs. yearly {Mun. 6478, f. 2). Died 1541 (Hennessey, Bepertorium, p. 446). Holand, Holonde, Hollond, William. Defunctus 1509-10 (Q. Alianore; Richard II ; he was alive at Henry Vs anniversary 31 Aug. 1510; Muit. 33297 f. 6); inter mortuos 1510-11 (Chamberlain). Godehappes, Godeapes, Godeapis, Godhappes, Goodhappes, Good- happez, Goodehappys, Goodhappys, Goodhoppys, Gudhappys, Christopher. Prima Missa 1510-1 (Chamberlain; Almoner; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff; St Mary's Chapel). Ad skillam 1527-8 (Intirmarer; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer, for the Monk-Bailiff and the Warden of the Churches ; St Mary's Chapel). The Custos feretri of 1520 had charge of "a relyke of Saint Christopher syluer and parcell gylte like the son [sun] of Dan C. G. gyfte " {Mun. 9485). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. 1509-10 Vertue, Vertu, William. Studens Oxon. (£6. 13»'. 4c/.) 1512 — Apr. 1515 (Treasui'er). Prima Missa 1514-5 (Chamberlain; New Work; Cellarer; Almoner; Warden of the Churches ; probably Monk-Bailiff"). Ad skillam 1531-2 (Intirmarer; New Work ; Sacrist; Cellarer; Almoner). LIST OF MONKS 183 Granator 1534-5. Gustos capelle b. Marie 1534-6. Refectorarius, deputatus Abbatis, 1535-6. Master of the Novices 1535 {Mu7i. 32042 b). For his expenses on clothing and boots for the novices see Mun. 32275—9. Mun. 22904 is a paper account fi-om his shoe-maker for goods supplied to "M'- Vertue," "Mr Veryte," " M' Patyens " and " M'' Cryshostome." His own part of the account is as follows :■ — Item a payre shoys solynge for your selfe Item a payre of buskyns makynge for your selfe Item a payre of shous for your lai'derere su — xviii^. He was entered as usual in the last Chamberlain's list 1535-6 and was alive Apr. ? 1535 {Mun. 5255*). Stanley {Memorials, p. 342) says that George Vertue, the sculptor, being related to him, was buried near him in the West Cloister. Thornton, Thorneton, George. Prima Missa 1514-5 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist ; Warden of the Churches ; 1 Monk-Bailiff). Last appearance in the manor lists, 1522-3 ; received an outfit, except panni nigri, from Chamberlain 1524—5 ; no further mention. Springwell, Spryngwell, George. Prima Missa 1514-5 (Chamberlain; New Work; Sacrist; Cellarer; Almoner; Warden of the Churches; 1 Monk-Bailiff), Ad skillam 1529-30 (Tnfirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Sacrist; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel; repeated in New Work 1530-1; Almoner 1532-3). Was in the sick-room for 15 days on fish diet in 1536-7, the last year of which the Infirmarer-roll survives. DALIANNS, Dalyans, Dalyannce, Dalyaunnce, Daliannse, Dolyans, Dolyon, Daliane, Dalyane, Dalions, Dionisius, or Dyonysse, or Dennis, or Denys. [i/wn. 30818 is signed "By uie dane dyonysse Lalyons chauntt' of Westm."] Studens Oxon. (£6. Vis. id.) 1512-22?+ (Treasurer); studens (£10) 1515 (Henry VII). B.D. 4 Jun. 1522 (Foster Al. Oxon.). Prima Missa 1514—5 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist ; probably Monk-Bailiff). Precentor ?+ 1528 {Mun. 9501)— Oct. 1534 {Afun. 30818 ; 5262 b). One of three monks nominated by the Convent to the Abbot for election to the Priorship, 6 May 1528 {Mun. 9501). Elemosinarius 1533-6. Prior c. 29 Sep. 1536 (Chamberlain). Signed the deed of Surrender as Prior 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as sixth Prebendary of the Abbey 17 Dec. 1540; " to abate xx" of his penson and to be a Prebendary"; £28. os. yearly {Mun. 6478, f. 2). Died Apr. 1543 ; his will being proved 12 Apr. (Consistory Court of Westminster " Thirlby " f. 23 b). Rawlyns, Rawlins, William. Prima Missa 1514-5 (Chambeilain ; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Warden of the Churches; probably Monk- Bailiff). Defunctus 1516-7 (Q. Alianore ; Richard II ; Henry V); inter mortuos 1517-8 (Chamberlain). 184 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Harlewes, Harlewis, Harlewys, Harlews, Harleus, Harleux, Harles, Herleus, Herlewes, Michael. Prima Missa 1514-5 (Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; 8acrist ; Warden of the Churches ; 1 Monk-Bailiff). Defunctus 1529—30 (Infirraarer; Q. Alianore, Henry V, full share). 1511-12 Dunston, Dunstane, Anthony [Thomas (Henry VII) 1515-6]. Studens Oxon. (Henry VII ; £10), U 1515-24 •? +. First Mass 1516-7 (New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches; probably Sacrist). Deleted from the manor lists 1512-3, and thereafter omitted, perhaps because he had already gone to Oxford ; but was entered in his usual place in the Chamberlain's lists up to 1528-9. B.D. Oxon. 1525; U.D. 29 Jul. 1538 at the same time as Humfrey Charite [q.v.] (Foster, Al. Oxon.). Prior of Gloucester College, Oxford, 1526. Abbot of Eynshani 1532 ; signed the deed of Surrender there 4 Dec. 1539. Bishop of Llandatf as "Antony Kitchin or Dunstan " ; consecrated 3 May 1545 in Westminster Abbey by Tliomas Thirlby, Bishop of Westminster, and two others (cf. Stubbs, Be gin t rum, pp. 103, 240). Died 31 Oct. 1563. Laurence, Lawrans, Lawrens, Lawrence, John. Studens Oxon. (£6. 13*-. Ad.) 1517-25 (Treasurer)'. Prima Missa 1520-1 (New Work ; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Ad skillam 1528-9 (Infirmarer ; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellai'er ; Sacrist ; Treasurer ; St Mary's Chapel). Refectorarius 1536-7. Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Benet, Benett, Bennett, Robert. Prima Missa 1516-7 (New Work ; Almoner ; Cellarer ; ? Sacrist ; St Mary's Chapel; Monk- Bailiff ; Warden of the Churches). Studens Oxon. (Henry VII ; £10), 1516-24 ? +. B.D. 8 Jul. 1523; D.D. 22 Nov. 1527 (Foster, Al. Oxon.)-. Deputatus custos maner'" Henrici VII, 1531-2. Archidiaconus 19 Oct. 1528 (Mtm. 6113, which is a grant from Abbot Islip to him and Henry Jones, John Fulwell, and Thomas Gardener [q.v.] to challenge, examine and receive clerks convicted and imprisoned in the Abbot's prison, called "le Convicthous "). Last mention 1535-6 (Chamberlain). 1513-4 Forster, Foster, John. Prima Missa 1515-6 (New Work : Almoner ; Cellarei' ; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Studens Oxon. (Henry VII; £10) 1532. Studens 153-3-4; 1535-6 (Chamberlain). ' For the difficulty of separating his academic career from that of another of the same name, see Foster, Al. Oxon. ^ Is he identical with Eobert Benyt or Benett, who proceeded B.D. at Cambridge 1523-4; D.D. 1532-3 (Camb. Grace Book Y pp. 213, 274) ? LIST OF MONKS 185 Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. The fourth on the list of those who were " Bretheren of Westmonasterie " under Abbot Feckenham was " M' Foster" {Mun. 9327). Gregory, William. Prima Missa 1519-20 (Chamberlain; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Ad skillam 1533-4 (Infirmarer ; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer ; Treasurer ; St Mary's Chapel). "Presydent" at Abbot Colchester's anniversary, Oct. 1534 {Mun. 5262 b). AHve Apr. 1 1535 {Mun. 9255*). Byrte, Byrtt, Byrtte, Birt, Bryght, Bryt, Brytt, William. Prima Missa 1519-20 (Chamberlain; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Monk-Bailitf; Warden of the Churches). Defunctus 1533 (Infirmarer 1532-3, who gives his obit, says he was ill for 14 weeks from Mich« 1532). Essex, Thomas. Prima Missa 1515-6 (New Work ; Almoner ; Cellarer; St Mary's Chapel ; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Studens Oxon. (Henry YU ; £10) U 1523-4 ? +. B.D. 27 May 1522 (Foster, Al. Oxon.). Custos capelle b. Marie 1533-4. Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as eighth Prebendary of the Abbey, 17 Dec. 1540; £28. bs. yearly {Miin. 6478, f. 2). Died before 3 Mar. 1543 (Acts of Dean and Chapter, f. 10 a). Denys, Deuenysh, Devenysshe, Dyonyse, James. Prima Missa 1520-1 (New Work ; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; St Mary's Chapel : Monk- Bailiff ; Wax'den of the Churches). Defunctus 1533 (Infirmarer 1532-3 enters his obit after W. Byrte's) ; inter mortuos 1532-3 (Chamberlain). Albright, Albryght, Christopher. Defunctus 1515-6 (Q. Alianore, Richard II, Henry V, full share); inter mortuos 1516-7 (Chamberlain). 1517-8 Charyte, Cheryte, Cherite, Cheritie, Humfrey. = Perkins, Perkyns, Parkins, Humfrey. Prima Missa 1523-4 (Infirmarer; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer). Studens Oxon. (£6. 13s. id.) 1525— Jun. 1530 (Treasurer); studens (£10) 1532-3 (Henry VII); studens 1533-4; 1535-6 (Chamberlain). B.D. 1 Jul. 1535; D.D. 29 Jul. 1538 (Foster, Al. Oxon.). Deputatus domini Abbatis in officio Elemosinarii 1536-7. Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as seventh Prebendary of the Abbey 17 Dec. 1540, holding the office till c. Mar. 1553; £28. 5s. yearly {Mun. 6478, f. 2). " M' dr. Perkyns to be y** tresorer for this yere to take y'' money of y*^ receyuer and se y** laying of it up in the cheste therto apointed " 20 Jan. 1545 (Acts of Dean and Chapter, f. 22). Had a brother, John Pekyns or Pekyngs, who was sixth Prebendary 3 May 1543— c. Apr. 1554 {Mun. 6608). 186 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Admitted to benefice of 8t Margaret, New Fish Street, on nomination of Bishop Thirlby 31 Dec. 15-18: deprived 1554; reinstated by the Bishop of London [Bonner], after Apr. 1556 (Newcourt, Repertorium, i, 406). Vicar of Staines on nomination of Henry VIII, 20 Jul. 1540 — (before) 6 Dec. 1550. " It is decreede by M"" deane [Hugh Weston] and the chapiter that the greate orcharde latly belougyng to M'' docter Perkyns shalbe equally deuydyd betwene M' doctor Cole M'" Pye and M' Alphonsus [de Salinas]" 13 May 1554 (Acts, f. 88 b). Involved in a suit for the restitution of the rectory of Islip 18 Aug. 1559 {Mun. 15185). Installed as second Prebendary of the Abbey 21 May 1560 (cf. Hennes- sey, Bepertorixin, s.v.). Subdecanus 24 Mar. 1561 (Mini. 13473); nuper subdecanus 1 Jun. 1565 (Mun. 33222). From Jul. 1576 onwards he could only witness the minutes of Chapter with " M' dr Perkines marke t "" ; his last attendance was on 23 Mar. 1577 (Acts, f. 164 a). Defunctus 16 Nov. 1577 (Mun. 6495). Mannyngham, Manjmgham, John. Prima Mi.ssa 1520-1 (New Work ; Cellarer; Sacrist; St Marj^s Chapel; Monk-Bailiff; Warden of the Churches). Defunctus 1527-8 (Intinnarer ; Q. Alianore, Henry V, full share); inter mortuos 1528-9 (Chamberlain). Lovewell, Lovwell, Lowell, Thomas [John (Infirmarer 1523-4)]. Prima Missa 1523-4 (lutirraarer ; New Work: Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer). Studens Oxon. (£6. 13..^. id.) 1525-30 (Treasurer); (£10) 1532-3 (Henry VII). Studens 1533-4; 1535-6 (Chamberlain). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. The first of four of " the monkes there " who were retained among the '• xii Petj'canones to syng in the Quere '' and " to have x'' " yearly [Mun. 6478, f. 3 b). Martyn, Marten, Hugh. Defunctus 1523-4 (Infirmarer; Henry V); 1522-3 (Q. Alianore; Richard II). Brice, Bryce, Edmund [John (Infirmarer 1523-4)]. Prima Missa 1523-4 (Infirmarer; New Work: Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer). Studens Oxon. (£6. 13.*. 4f/.) ?^ 1530-1 (Treasurer). Alive in Apr. ? 1535 (Mun. 5255*'. Philip, Phillip, Phelyp, Phelyppe, Phyllyp, Phyllype, Thomas. Prima Missa 1523-4 (Infirmarer; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer). Alive in Apr. ? 1535 {Mun. 5255*). 1519-20 Austen, Awsten, Austyn, J. Alive in Apr. ? 1535 {Mun. 'rlbz)*). Whethamsted, Whethamstede,. Whetehamsted, Wethampsted, John. Prima Missa 1524-5 (New Work ; Almoner ; Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer, on behalf of the Monk-Bailifi" and Warden of the Churches ; St Mary's Chapel). LIST OF MONKS 187 Studens Oxon. (£6. 13s. Ad.) Mar. 1527-33 (Treasurer). Supplicat for ;i degree Jun. 1533 (Foster, Al. Oxo7i.). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Petty Canon {Mun. 6478, f. 3 b). Godeluke, Goodluck, Goodlucke, Goodloke, Goodlook, Goodlooke, Goodluk, Gooluk, Gudluck, John. Prima Missa 1523-4 (Infirmarer ; New Work; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer). Studens Oxon. (£6. 13^. 4(7.) 1531-3 (Treasurer). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Among those who were " Bretheren of Westmonasterie " under Abbot Feckenhani was "M' Goodlook" {Mun. 9327). 1521-2 Randall, RandoU, RandoUe, Rendoll, John. His First Mass is not recorded, but he received a priest's share from tlie manors in and after 1523-4. Subsacrista 1527-37 {Mun. 33302). Was ill for 3 months 1533-4 (Infirmarer), but was still living 29 Aug. 1537 {Mu7i. 33302, f. 80 b). 1523-4 Hurley, Horley, Armell, or Armigill, or Armigell, or Armygill. Prima Missa 1525-6 (Infirumrer ; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist ; St Mary's Chapel). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Petty Canon {Mun. 6478, f. 3 b). Henley, Richard. Defunctus 1527-8 (Infirmarer; Q. Alianore ; Henry V); inter mortuos 1528-9 (Chamberlain). Jerame, Jheram, Jherom, Jerome, Jerom, Richard. Prima Missa 1528-9 (Infirmarer; New Work; Chamberlain; Almoner; Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer ; vSt Mary's Chapel). Defunctus 1529-30 (Infirmarer; Q. Alianore ; Henry V). Ambrose, William. Defvinctus 1527-8 (Infirmarer; Q. Alianore; Henry V); inter mortuos 1528-9 (Chamberlain). Grace, John. Prima Missa 1528-9 (Infirmarer; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer ; St Mary's Chapel). Mun. 31819 is the account of a bootmaker for goods supplied to him amounting to 14s. 8(/. Tlie goods consisted chiefly of items such as "a payer of shouys ffbr yower shelfe ix*^ " and "a payer of shouys for mary goldeys sone v'^V Was ill for about 9 weeks towards the end of 1533-4 (Infirmarer), but was still alive Apr. n535 {Mun. 5255*). Chamberlayne, Chamberlayn, Chamberleyn, Thomas. Prima Missa 1528-9 (Infirmarer; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer ; Sacrist ; Treasurer ; St Mary's Chapel). Last mention 1536-7 (Infirmarer). 188 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER Windesore, Wyndesor, Wyndsor, Wyndsore, Wjmdesore, Wynsor, Wynsore, Richard [Robert (Intinnarer ; Almoner; 1526 7)] Prima ]Missa 1526-7 (Infirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist). Defunctus 1529-30 (Infirmarer ; Q. Alianore ; Henry V). Cheseman, Chesman, Cheysman, Robert. Prima Missa 1526-7 (Infirmarer; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist). Studens Oxon. 1531-3 (Treasurer). Studens Cantabrigie 1533-4 (Treasurer); Oct. 1534 {Mun. 5262b). Last mention 1534-5 (Henry V). 1525-6 Felix, Pelex, Felyx, Felyxe, John. Prima Missa 1528-9 (Chamberlain; New Work; Sacrist); 1529-30 (Infirmarer ; Cellarer ; Treasurer). Wrote an account of Abbot .John Estne}^ (Brit. Mus. Cotton MS. Claud. A. VIII, f. 64 b), including an elegiac poem (printed by Widmore, p. 204 f.). The writer added (f. 65) : Oro orate pro me J hone Felix huius sancti cenobii Westm. monacho (cf. Flete, ed. J. Armitage Robinson, p. 31). Alive Mich^ 1535 (Henry V). Faith, Fayth, Feith, Feyth, William. = Harvey, Hervy. Prima Missa 1528-9 (Infirmarer; Chamberlain; New Work; Almoner; Cellarer; Sacrist; Treasurer; St Mary's Chapel). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as eleventh Prebendary of the Abbey 17 Dec. 1540; £28. bs. yearly {Mun. 6478, f. 2). Died before 1 Feb. 1544[5] (Widmore, p. 223). Hope, Hoope, Hooppe, Hoppe, William. Prima Missa 1530-1 (Infirmarer ; Almoner ; Cellarer ; Treasurer, for himself and Warden of the Churches ; St Mary's Chapel). Mun. 32280 is a bootmaker's account for goods supplied to him amounting to 6s. It includes "Item a payer of shewe ffor yower ffather,..x'^." Alive Apr. 1 1535 {Mun. 5255*). 1530-1 Penne, Panne, Pend, William. Prima Missa 1534-5 (Cellarer; St Marys Chapel). - Grant of pardon for all felonies committed by him and Anthony Pen yeoman of Westminster within the Abbey church or precincts, Jun. 1538 (Record Ottice, Gi'ant 39). Tamworth, Tameworth, Richard. Studens 1533-4 (Chamberlain). Studens Cantabrigie 1533-4 (Treasurer); Oct. 1534 {Mun. 5262 b). Alive Mich^ 1535 (Henry V). Crome, Cromem, Crowham, Robert [Richard (Almoner 1532-3)]. Prima Missa in Dominica 6 Oct. 1532 {Muu. 23025* f. 8); 1531-2 (Trea- surer; Cellarer; repeated in their next year's rolls); 1532-3 (Infirmarer; New Woi'k ; Almoner). i LIST OF MONKS • 189 Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Petty Canon ; £28. 5s. yearly (Mun. 6478, f. 2). Appointed by the Dean and Chapter to be " Sexten " [= Sacrist] 15 Dec. 1547 (Acts, f. 40 b); re-elected vearlv up to and including 11 Nov. 1552 (ibid. f. 73 b). Empson, Richard. Prima Missa 1532-3 (Infirmarer ; New Work; Cellarer). Alive Mich'' 1535 (Henry V). Alen, Aleyn, Alyn, John. Prima Missa Oct. 1532 (Ahin. 23025*, f. 8 b) ; 1531-2 (Treasurer; Cel- larer; rejDeated in their next year's rolls); 1532-3 (Infirmarer ; New Work; Almoner). Studens Cantabrigie 1533-4 (Treasurer); Oct. 1534 (M'un. 5262 b). Alive Mich*^ 1535 (Henry V). Darby, Derby, Robert [John (Treasurer 1531-2)]. Prima Missa 1531-2 (Treasurer). Defunctus 1533 (Infirmarer 1532-3 enters his obit after that of J. Denys [q.v.]. Darby had several long illnesses in the course of 1532). 1531-2 Lyncolne, Robert. Not mentioned in Richard II or Henry V rolls. The mention in Q. Alianore 1531-2 implies that he was already a priest. Defunctus 1533 (Infirmarer). 1532-3 Boston, William. = Benson, William. [Perhaps because Boston was his birth-place and Benson was his family name, which he used as Dean.] Was not a monk of this house and so was the first man to be made Abbot from outside since William Humez was appointed in 1214. Generally supposed, on the "finding" of Widniore (p. 126), to have been Abbot of Burton-on-Trent, "and therefore is called John erroneously, in the catalogue of the Abbots of that place " (ibid.). But Boston's account book (Mun. 33313) is concerned with properties belonging to the great monastery at Peterborough, which must thus be substituted for Burton as the place from which he was translated (cf. J. Armitage Robinson, The Benedictine Abbey of Westminster, Ch. Quart. Rev. Apr. 1907, p. 78). Miin. 33313, f. 7, 8 contains a statement of his expenses "for my com- mensmentt of the Doctorshipp " at Cambridge 20 Henry VIII, 1528-9 (Grace Bk B. ii, 149). The fees, &c. (£14. Os. 7hd.) included: Item ye same daye to y" vicechancellere for hys dwtye as that daye and y'' Presento"'" and to the Bedells xiiii'' Item to y** Proctors for theire Eonetts vi* viii'' Item to the uniuersytie huttches [? = chest] vi'' xiii^ iiii** Item paid on the daye in the tyme of disputacion to xviii doctors every doctor iiii** vi^ Date of appointment as Abbot uncertain ; took the oath to perform the duties of Henry VII's foundation in the Court of Chancery 12 May 1533 190 • MONKS OF WESTMINSTER between 9 and 10 a.m. super saci'osancta Dei Evangelia (Rymer, Foed. xiv, 459). Mun. 30635, f. 2 implies that he was in authority before Easter 1533. The fact that he rendered the accounts of the New Work as from Michaelmas 1532 is inconclusive. Gustos Novi Operis 1532-4. Celerarius 1535-6. Gustos capelle b. Marie 1535-6. Thesaurarius intrinsecus ?+ 1536-7. Agreed to two quite disadvantageous exchanges of land with Henry VIII, by which the Gonvent received Hurley Priory and certain lands in Berkshire, and parted with the London manors of Hyde, Neyte, &c. and other land at Govent Garden 3 Jul. 1536 {Mnn. 2226). 2fnii. 12787 is a confirmation by the King, dated 30 Jul. 1536, of orders already issued to Abbot Boston by Thomas Gromwell as vicar-general. These are concerned with the granting by the Abbot of permission to the Brethren to be absent from the monastery ad honestam animi et corporis sni recrea- tionem. Noble and honoux*able women with their attendants de quibus nulla viget sinistra fama vel suspitio may be welcomed from time to time at the Abbot's table, but the priAilege must not descend into a daily habit, lest the weaker brethren should be caused to stumble. The Abbot and Gonvent were not bound to attend or to read a Divinity lecture on the great festivals or on the days of the royal anniversaries. Arranged witli John Whyt and John Saunders of Reading "for the new castyng of ii bells ()f the Rynge of the said monaster}'," the 3rd and the 5th, at a cost of £9. 10s., 3 Nov. 1539 (Mun. 25103). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Installed as Dean 17 Dec. 1540. Mun. 6478, f, 2, enters "The Deane tliere Wyllj^am Boston late Abbot there to have [yearly] ccxxxii" x^" Died Sep. 1549. 1533-4 Barnards, Barnard, Barnarde, Bernard, Robert. His and the six following names appear in the 1533-4 roll of Richard II's manors at the foot of the list after the entry of R. Gallow deceased, in a different script. Each received iii'* iiii*^ as against xx^ to each of the rest ; whereas the duplicate of the same roll duly inserts the names in the usual place and is in the same hand throughout. Prima Missa 1536-7 (Infirmarer). Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. "The Kinges newe Gollege at Westm." maintained twenty students, of whom four had been monks there. R. B. was the first of these. The yearly allowance was increased from £6. 13s. id. to £S. 6s. Sd. (Mun. 6478, f. 3). Chrysostome, Crysostome, R. Alive Apr. 1 1535 (2^fun. 5255*). Ambrose, John. Prima Missa 1536-7 (Infirmarer). Student under the new foundation ; £S. 6.s\ Sd. {Mun. 6478, f. 3). Patyence, J. Alive Apr. 1 1535 {Mun. 5255*). Veryty, Verytee, Verite, T. Defunctus 1535-6 (Ghamberlain). LIST OF MONKS 191 Jerome, Jherome, R. Alive Apr. ? 1535 {Mnn. 5255*). I^6i*cve "R Alive Apr. ?1535 {Mun. 5255*). 1535-6 Mylton, Melton, Milton, William. Granator 1536-7. Gustos capelle b. Marie 1536-7. Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540 1536-7 Gierke, John. Infirmarius 1536-7. John Clarke, of Cambridge, Benedictine, was incorporated as D.D. 13 Jul. 1538 (Foster. AL Oxon.). Bishop Latimer recommended Gierke and Gortton [q.v.] to Cromwell as suitable men to be sent to the Priory of Coventry (Brit. Mus. Cotton MS. Cleop. E. IV, 139; Dugdale, Monast. in, 184). Rolston, John. Sole mention in Infirmarer 1536-7, which records that he had two illnesses that year, one of them being of over nine weeks' duration. Yslyp, John. Sole mention in Intirmarer 1536-7. / Underwood, Symon. Signed the deed of Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Student under the new foundation ; .£8. Qs. Sd. (Mun. 6478, f. 3). Lathbury, John. Signed the deed of Suri^ender 16 Jan 1540, Student under the new foundation ; £8. 6s. 8d. {Mun. 6478, f. 3). " Agreede...that ser John Lathbury shall have the advouson of the vicarage of Chatysley [Chaddesley, Worcs.] wyche ser John Smythe now hathe," 1 Feb. 1550 (Acts of Dean and Chapter, f. 62 a). Romayne, John. Sole mention in Infirmarer 1536-7. Mekenes, Thomas. Sole mention in Infirmarer 1536-7. 1538-9 Gortton, Richard. Eleniosinarius 1538-9. For Latimer's recommendation of him to Cromwell see Gierke, John 1536-7. B.A. 1518; B.D. 27 Feb. 1528; D.D. 29 Jul. 1538 (Foster, AL Oxon.). Vicar of Staines on the nomination of Dean Benson 23 Mar. 1540. Died the same year (Hennessey, Repertorium, p. 403) and was succeeded by Humphrey Cbarite or Perkins [q.v.]. 1.92 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1540 Morton, Richard, Signed the deed of tSurrender 16 Jan. 1540 (fourth, after Humphi'ey Charite). Byrd, William. n Latham, William. | Sole mention at the end of the signatures to the deed of Huse, William. T Surrender 16 Jan. 1540. Vernon, John. Thacksted, Henry. Mentioned in Mnn. 6478, f. 3, as " one of the monkes there " who became students under the new foundation ; £?>. 6.s'. ^d. Style, Henry. iMun. 38945 is an acquittance to George Burden, Receiver, for £6. 13s. 4(i?., " the fyrst payment dewe by obligacion " to H. S. late monk of Westm. 1 Nov. 1570. THE ABBOTS, PRIORS, AND OBEDIENTIARIES OF THE CONVENT OF WESTMINSTER, 1049-1540. ABBOTS Domini Abbates [For a list of the earlier Abbots up to Litlington and for valuable notes on their dates see J. Armitage Robinson, Flete, pp, 139 ff.] 1049-1071 (12 June) c. 1071-5 1076-85 (19 June) 1085-1117 (6 Dec.) 1121 (Jan.)— ni36 (3 Sep.) ? 1137-57? 1 1158-73 (Apr. 11) 1175 (July)— 1190 (27 Sep.) 1191 (9 Oct.)— 1200 (?4May) 1200 (30 Nov.)— 1214 (23 Jan.) 1214 (4 May)— 1222 (20 Apr.) 1222 (20 Apr. -7 July)— 1246 (23 Nov.) 1246 (? 16 Dec.)— 1258 (17 Feb.) 1258 (Aug.— Oct.) 1258 (Dec.)— 1283 (8 Dec.) 1283 (31 Dec.)— 1307 (25 Dec.) 1308 (26 Jan.)— 1315 (9 Apr.) 1315 (24 Apr.)— 1333 (11 Sep.) 1333 (Sep.)— 1344 (29 Oct.) 1344 (10 Nov.)— 1349 (15 May) 1349 (27 May)— 1362 (20 Mar.) 1362 (7-14 Apr.)— 1386 (29 Nov. 1386 (10 Dec.)— 1420 (?Oct.) 1420 (V29 Nov.)— 1440 (2 Apr.) 1440 (27 May +)— 1462 ... 1463-9 (+14 Nov.) 1469 (+ 14 Nov.)— 1474 (21 Aug.) 1474 (+29 Nov.)— 1498 (24 May) 1498 (9 July)— 1500 (?Aug.) 1500 (27 Oct.)— 1532 (12 May) ... 1533 (? before Easter)— 1540 (16 Jan.) p. M. W. Edwin Geoffrey Vitalis Gilbert Crispin Herbert Gervase Laurence Walter William Postard Ralph de Arundel William Humez Richard de Berking Richard de Crokesley Philip de Lewesham Richard de Ware Walter de Wenlok Richard de Kedyngton William de Curtlington Thomas de Henle Simon de Bircheston Simon Langham Nicholas de Litlington William Colchester Richard Harwden Edmund Kirton George Norwych Thomas Millyng John Estney George Fascet John Islip William Boston or Benson 13 194 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER PRIORS Domini Priores c. 1085 ?+ 1121-3 (?); 1134-9 c. 1121 + 1157 c. 1157 c. 1158-73 c. 1175-90 ?— 1191 (9 Oct.) c. 1189-97 + 1219 (June)— 1222 (Apr.) + 1246 c. 1246 ?+ 1253 (11 June)— 1258 (Aug.) c. 1258-83 c. 1266 U1283 (31 Dec.)— 1291 (11 July)] +(1295, Widmore) ... 11298— 1305 (23 Feb.? +) 1305 (+14 July)— 13181+ 1 + 1325 (25 June)-27 1327-8 1+1334-46 1346 (1+13 Dec.)— 1349 1349 (10 Apr.— 27 May) 1349 (27 May +)— 1350 (+ 18 Nov.) 1350 (+ 18 Nov.)— 1362 1362 (c. Apr.)— 13761+ 1377-82 1382 — 1407 1407-35 1435-41 1441-56 1456-66 1466-9 1470 (+10 Aug.)— 1474 1474 (29 Nov. +)— 1482 (+30 Sep.) 1482 (30 Sep.)— 1491 (c. 25 June) 1491 (July) 1491-8 (9 July) 1498 (9 July +)— 1500 (27 Oct.) 1501-28 (4 May) 1528 (6 May)— 1535 1+ 1536 (c. 29 Sep.)— 1540 (16 Jan.) Robert Osbert de Clare Eadwye Hugh Elias Alquin Richard William Postard Robert de Molesham Richard de Berking Peter Maurice Philip de Lewesham Elias John de Sancto Paulo John de Coleworth William de Huntingdon Reginald de Hadham John de Wanetyng R. Simon Warewik Simon de Haumodesham Simon Langham Benedict de Cherteseye Nicholas de Litlington Richard de Merston Richard Excestr' John de Wratting Robert Whatele Nicholas Asshby William Walsh John Flete Thomas Millyng John Estney Thomas Arundel Robert Essex Roger Blake George Fascet John Islip William Mane Thomas Jaye Dionisius Dalianns [Hen. Ill] SUB-PRIORS SUPPRIORES Henry de Colecestr' William de Haseley LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 195 1286 ... 1304 ... 1307 ... 1318 ... 1351-2 1387-8 + 1419-20 1440 ... 1458-60 1483 ... 1498 ... William de Hanyngton Jordan de Wratting Henry Payn William de Chalk John de Mordon John Canterbery Thomas Peuerell John Wilton Richard Tedyngton Thomas Crosse ; William Lambard John Holand WARDENS OF ST MARY'S CHAPEL CUSTODES CAPELLE BEATE MaRIE + 1189 ... 1240-7? + [Hen. Ill] c. 1266 1278 + 1298 1298 (30 Nov.)— 1301 (30 Sept.) 1299—1300 1303 ?— 1304 (c. 11 June) 1304 (c. 11 June)— 1305 ... 1325 1328 1335 1336; 1344 1346-7 1348-51 1351 (29 Sep.)— 1352 (8 Apr.) 1356-8 .. 1359-61 1362 (17 Apr )— 1364 (29 Sep.) ?— 1369 1369-70 1373-4 ? 1376 1 1382-3 1384-7 (23 Nov.) 1387-9 (25 Nov.) 1389 (25 Nov.)— 1.391 (9 Dec.) 1391 (9 Dec.)-1392 1392-3 1393-4 Robert de Molesham ^ Ralph de Glovernia Henry de Colecestr' Stephen de London Walter de Hurley Ralph de Wautone Walter de Baunc John de Sancto Paulo Alexander de Neuporte Thomas de Chicelden Robert de Bures Gilbert Rauel John de Butterle Reginald de Hadham Henry de la Rye William de Harleston John de Ashwelle John de Mordon Adam de Campeden Thomas de Combroke Richard de Redyng William de Flete John de Walingford John Bampton John de London John Bokenhull Richard Honyngton William Zepeswych John Holbech Robert Wynewyk John Stowe Richard Circestr' William Cleangre William Litlington William Cleangre John Enston Richard Merlawe William Cleangre 13—2 196 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1395- 1398- 1400 1401- 1403- 1407- 1411- 1416- 1420 1420- 1422 1426- 1432- 1433- 1433- 1439 1445- 1445- 1447- 1458 1460 1470- 1477- 1483- 1485- 1489- 1498- 1499- 1501- 1503- 1511- 1514- 1528- 1533- 1534- 1535- 1536- 8 -1400 (8 Dec.) (8 Dec.)-1401 .. 3 7 8; 1410 -6 (28 Sep. 1 -24 Nov.) 31 3 -4 (12 May) ... -5 (24 Dec.) ... (24 Dec.)— 1444 (25 6 -7 -55 (24 June)— 1460 (24 (24 Dec.)— 1468 -7 83 -5 -9 -98 -9 -1501 -3 -14 -2 -28 -31 -4 -6 -6 -7 Mar. Dec.) Peter Coumbe Robert Hermodesworth John Enston Peter Coumbe John Feryng Peter Coumbe Ralph Toneworth Benedict Middleton Reginald Shiplake William Surreys Richard Birlyngham Nicholas Asshby John Wrotham William Walsh Richard Parker Thomas Cornwayle George Norwych Richard Tedyngton Richard Breynt William Chertsey Richard Breynt Thomas Arundel Thomas Clifford John Stanes John Waterden Thomas Flete Richard Newbery Robert Humfrey William Graunt William Brewode Thomas Brown John Fulwell William Westminster Thomas Essex William Vertue William Boston William Milton SACRISTS Sacriste c. 1161 1247 1257-1- [Hen. Ill] ... 1266 1267 1278 1282-7 1288 1297 (1 Jan.)— 1299 (21 Nov.); 1301; 1302 1303 (24 Feb. — 29 Sep.) 1303 (29 Sep.)— 1305 (24 June) Walter William de Bedeford William Tailard Godfrey John de Sutton Gilbert Rauel John de Coleworth John de Sutton Alexander de Persore Reymund de Wenlok Adam de Warfeld Reginald de Hadham LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 197 1305; 1306 1307 (25 Nov.)— 1308 (29 Sep.) 1311 1317 (30 Sep.)-1318 (10 Dec.) 1318 (10 Dec.)— 1320 (14 Oct.)? + + 1338 ?_1338 (17 Feb.) 1338 (17 Feb.— 29 Sep.) ... 1341; 1344 + 1346 1346-7 1351-51+ 1356 (31 July)— 1360 (29 Sep.) 1361-2 1362-3 1363 (June 23)— 1364 (28 Sep.) 1364-5?+ 1370-1 (30 Oct.) 1372-7 (30 Nov.) 1377 (30 Nov.)— 1383 1383-4 1384 (28 Sep.)— 1385 (17 Nov.) 1385 (17 Nov.)— 1399 (25 Nov.) 1399 (25 Nov.)— 1411 (22 Nov.) 1411-3 1413-4 1414-9? + ?+1422-33 143.3-40 (16 Dec.) 1440 (16 Dec.)— 1444 (8 Nov.) 1444 (8 Nov.)— 1447 (5 Feb.) 1447 (5 Feb.— 25 Dec.)? + 1448-50 1450-60?+ ... 1462-7 ? +1470-97 1497—1500 ... 1500-32 Henry Payn John de Witteneie Thomas de Dene Henry de Bircheston John de Witteneie Robert de Hampslap John de Tothale Robert de Curtlington John de Mordon Hugh de Shenegeyze John de Crendon John de Mordon William de Lakyngheth John Bokenhull William Bromle Walter de Warfeld John de Somerton William de Zepeswych William de Mordon Richard Honyngton William Colchester William de Mordon Peter Coumbe Ralph Toneworth Peter Coumbe William Amondesham Richard Harwden Roger Cretton Edmund Kirton Thomas Freston John Flete Thomas Pomeray Thomas Cornwayle John Amondesham Thomas Ruston John Estney George Fascet John Islip CHAMBERLAINS Camerarii 1065 1193 [Hen. Ill] 1275 1277; 1278 1286 1296 1298—1304 (24 June) 1304 (24 June)— 1305 (24 June) 1306-7 1307 (25 Nov.)— 1308 (24 June) Ralph Geoffrey Walter de Bureford Henry de London John de Sutton Henry de Waledene Jordan de Wratting Simon de Henle Henry de Bircheston Walter de Arkesdene John de Butterle 198 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1308; 1311 1312-4 1316 (20 Mar.— 6 July) 1326-7 1328-31 + 1338 1338 (16 Feb.)— 1339 (16 Feb.) ... 1339-43 1344 (31 May)— 1345 (31 May); (20 Dec.)— 1347 (29 Sep.) + 1346-7 1350-1 1355-7; 1359-61 1362-4 1364-5; 1366-71?+ 1372-4 1375-9 1379-80; 1382-7; 1389 1380-1 1389-97 1397—1400 1400-1 (5 Aug.) 1401-4 1404-8 1408-10 1410-12 1412-8 1418-9 1419-33 1433-5 1435-7 1438 (19 June— 29 Sep.) 1438-45 1445-8 1448-54 1454-5 1455-9 (24 Mar.) 1459 1460-2 1462 (29 Sep.— 25 Dec.) 1462-70 1470-2 1472-4?+ U1477-82 1483 1484-5?+ ?+1491-8?+ ?+U99— 1507 1507-8?+ 1.509-28 1528-9 1531-6 1346 Ralph de Salopia Simon de Henle John de Wygornia William de Harleston Michael de Bridbroke Robert de Hampslap Thomas de Wenlok Richard de Redyng Hugh de Shenegeyze Benedict de Cherteseye John de Walingford John de Wratting John de Somerton William de Mordon John Stowe John Holbech Richard de Merlawe Robert Adelard William Litlington John Enston Richard de Merlawe William Amondesham Joh«i Feryng Richard Harwden John Sauereye Henry Coneham John Sauereye Geoffrey Bryd Thomas Freston Richard Parker Thomas Freston John Flete Thomas Cornwayle Thomas Pomeray Robert Walsingham Edmund Downe William Barnell Thomas Ruston William Barnell John Estney Thomas Frampton William Wycombe Robert Essex Thomas Crosse John Hampton William Brewode Richard Charing Thomas Brown William Westminster Thomas Gardener William Overton LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 199 ALMONERS Elemosinarii + 1121 + 1246 + 1267 [Hen. Ill] + 1293"... '..'. '..'. 1293 (c. 14 Feb.)— 1294 (18 Jan.) 1294 (18 June)— 1305 (24 June) .. 1301 ; 1305-7 + 1317 1317 (17 June)— 1319 1319-20 1320-1 1321-2 1325 1328 (31 May)— 1329 (23 Feb.) .. 1335-6 ^—1339 (31 May) 1339 (31 May)— 1342 (28 Oct.) .. 1342 (21 Oct.)— 1344 (29 Sep.)? + 1349 (24 June— 28 Sep.); 1351-2 ?— 1355 (5 Apr.) ... • 1355 (5 Apr.)— 1361 1361-3 1363-8?+ 1370-1 1371-5 1382-5; 1387 (28 Sep.— 24 Nov.) 1387 (24 Nov.)— 1411 (20 Nov.).. 1411-4 1414-5 1416-7 (6 Dec.) 1417 (6 Dec.)— 1418 1418-9 1420 (22 July)— 1423 1423-7U 1428-30?+ 1431-3 1433-4 1434-5?+ ? + 1436-8?+ 1439-40 (26 Feb.) 1440 (26 Feb.)— 1443 1444-5 1445-8 1448-61 ? + 1462-3 (25 Mar.) 1463 (25 Mar.)— 1465?+ ?+1467-9?+ 1470-9 1479-83 Herbert Peter John de Lyra Gregory de Tayleboys Bacinus Richard de Fanelore Alexander de Persore Reginald de Hadham John de Wenlok Thomas de Dene John de Wygornia Richard Atte Heyg John de Biburi William de Chalk John de Biburi William de Harleston Robert de Be by John de Ashwelle William de Staunton William de Dumbeltone John de Ashwelle John de London Walter de Warfeld Walter de Moredon William de Hervyngton John de Sonierton Richard Honyngton William de Mordon John Stowe Roger Cretton John Sauereye William Amondesham William Surreys William Amondesham John Wilton Richard Birlyngham John Wilton Roger Cretton John Wrothara Thomas Freston John Flete John Venour John Cambridge Thomas Cornwayle William Barnell Thomas Cornwayle John Ramsey John Estney William Chinnor Thomas Crosse Thomas Clifford 200 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER U83-5?+ 1486-91 (7 Dec.) .. 1491 (7 Dec.)— 1501 ?+1502-5^+ U1507-8U 1510-1 1511-4 1514-31 1531-2 1532-3 1533-6 1536-7 1538-9 Ralph Langley John Holand William Mane Robert Hunifrey Robert Davers William Fenne William Southwell Henry Jones William Overton Robert Davers Dionisius Dalianns Humfrey Charyte Richard Gortton CELLARERS Celerarii c. 1161 1199 + 1239 + 1239 1246 1281 (19 Apr.)— 1282; 1284-5 1331-3 1334-7 ; 1343-4 1346-7 ; 1348-9 (25 Mar.) 1349 (25 Mar.— 28 Sep.) ... 1349-51 1351-2 (1 Aug.) 1353 (1 Aug.)— 1354 1354-5 1355-61?+ ?+1362-77?+ U1379-82 1382-7 1387-931+ 1396-7 (11 Nov.) 1397 (11 Nov.)— 1400 (15 Aug.) 1400-1 (13 Nov.) 1401 (13 Nov.)— 1406 1406-8 1410 (25 June) ?+1416-7?+ 1423; 1430-1 1431-2 + 1440 1440 (2 Feb.)— 1441 1445 (25 Dec.)— 1447 (2 Feb.) 1448-50?+ ?+ 1463-4 (Easter) 1464 (Easter)— 1467 ?+1468-82 1482-3 1484-96 Thomas James Hugh de Sancto Albano Reginald de Hermodesworthe John de Lyra Philip de Sutton Simon de Bircheston Simon de Pireford William de Staunton Benedict de Cherteseye Thomas de Combroke Richard de Colecestr' John de Redyng Richard de Redyng John de Ashwelle Walter de Warfeld John Canterbery John Lakyngheth Richard Honyngton Richard de Merlawe John Canterbery John Borewell Roger Cretton John Borewell Roger Cretton Walter Coggeshale William Sonewell Thomas Freston Thomas Pomeray William Walsh Nicholas Mordon John Flete Thomas Pomeray Thomas Ruston William Chertsey Thomas Clifford William Brewode LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 201 1496-9? + 1500-1 1501-6 ?+ 1507-81 + 1509-13 1513-5 1515-28 1528-35 1535-6 John Islip William Brewode Richard Newbery Robert Humfrey Thomas Brown John Bedford Thomas Jaye John Fulwell William Boston INFIRMARERS Infirmarii ni61 [Hen. Ill] 1286" 1297-8 1305-6 1309-11 1320-1; 1322-3 1333-5; 1339-41 ; 1344; 1347-8 . 1350-3 1354-7 1357-79 (25 Jan.) 1379 (25 Jan.)— 1383 1383-7 1387—1391 (19 Aug.) 1391 (19 Aug.-28 Sep.) ... 1391-7 1397—1413 1416-7 (12 Dec.) 1418-9 1420 (28 Sep.— 1 Dec.) ... 1420 (1 Dec.)— 1421 (28 Sep.) . 1421-31 14.36 (28 Sep.— 21 Dec.) ... 1440-1 ; 1443 (28 Sep.— 12 Oct.) 1443 (12 Oct.)— 1446 (27 Feb.) . 1446-9 1450-9 1460 (1 Mar.) 1461-3 1463-7 (24 June) 1467 (13 July)— 1470 1470-2 1473-94 1494—1505 1505-6 1512-3 1518-9; 1525-33 1533-4 1536-7 1523-4 Roger William Simon de Sancta Katerina William de Pharindon Richard de Fanelore Philip de Sutton Henry de Bircheston John de Wanetyng John de Ryngstede John de Redyng John de Ashwelle John de Mordon Walter de Warfeld John Canterbery William Mordon William Litlington John Canterbery William Litlington Roger Cx'etton Ralph Toneworth Richard Harwden Reginald Shiplake John Feryng Reginald Shiplake Thomas Freston John Cambridge John Wilton John Kyinpton William Walsh William Milton William Barnell John Estney William Chinnor John Ramsey John Waterden Thomas Brown William Brewode Richard Charing Robert Davers William Overton John Clerke 202 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER REFECTORERS Refectorarii 1270; 1278 1303 (24 Feb.— 29 Sep.) ? + 1304-5 ?— 1327 1327-8 1 — 13U (17 Oct.) 1344 (17 Oct.)— 1345 (25 Mar.) ., 1345 (25 Mar.— 29 Sep.) 1359-60 1360-1 1361-3 1363-7 1368-70?+ 1372-3 1373-6?+ 1380-1 1383-4 1384-5 1385-7 1387-91 1391-2 1392-4 1395-8 1398—1400 1400-11 1411-13 1413-4 1414-7 1417-8 1418-9 1419-23 1423-5 1425-7 1427-8 1433-4 1434-5 1435-9 1438 (Christmas) 1439-43 1444-8 1448-9 1452-4?+ 1456-8 1458-66 1466-7 ... 1470-2 1472-4 1474-5 1475-7 1477-9 1479-80 Roger de Waleden Reginald de Hadham Henry tie la Rye John de Tothale Hugh de Northalle John de Ashwelle William de Staunton Adam de Campeden Geoffrey Paxton John de Redyng Geoffrey Paxton John de London Richard Honyngton John de Somerton William Litlington John Borw John Canterbery John Farnago John Borw Richard Circestr' William Sudbury Richard de Merlawe Richard Circestr' John Sandon William Sudbury Reginald Shiplake William Asshwell Reginald Shiplake Geoffrey Bryd John Feryng William Sonewell Thomas Gedney William Sonewell Reginald Shiplake Richard Birlyngham William Surreys William Symond Bartholomew Massham John Stokes William West Bartholomew Massham George Norwych Thomas Fynden William Chinnor Richard Westminster William Chinnor Thomas Lynne John Hampton Thomas Frampton William Wycombe Thomas Crosse LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 203 1480-1? + 1482-3 1483-5 1485-7 1487-90 1490-8 1498 — 1501 1501-3 1503-5 1505-6 1506-9 1515-6 1525-30 1530-4 1535-6 1536-7 John Hampton Ralph Langley William Brewode Richard Charing Richard Newbery John Drope William Graunt John Norton William Lambard Thomas Sail Thomas Elfrede John Ashley William Overton William Eles William Vertue John Laurence PRECENTORS OR CHANTERS Precentores vel Cantores 0. 1189 Robert de Molesham ?— 1246 Maurice 1266 William de Pharindon 1277 Adam de Wycumbe 1278 William de Lokeleya 1297-8; 1304 Laurence de Benflet 1311 Alexander de Persore 1318 John de Butterle 1332 Robert de Hampslap 1341 John de Torinton 1346 Robert de Lake 1349 John de Mordon 1360-1 John Bokenhull 1361-4 William de Flete 1364-7?+ ... William de Zepeswych 1368-9?+; 1372-4 John Bokenhull 1374-6 Richard Circestr' 1376-82 William Witlesford 1382-4 Robert de Hereford 1384-7 William Litlington 1387-1418 ... John Borw 1418-20 Benedict Middleton 1420-38?+ ... Richard Southbroke ?+1443-4 John Hen ton 1444-50 John Kympton 1450-7 Thomas Arundel 1457-60 Thomas Ruston 1460-4 Thomas Arundel 1464-6 Richard Sporley 1470-1? + Thomas Arundel ? + 1483-91 John Waterden 1491-2 John Hampton 1493-4 John Waterden 1494—1510 ... John Warde 204 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1510-24?+ Robert Davers ? + 1528—1534 Dionisius Dalianns KITCHENERS COQUINARII + 1335 ... John de Ashwelle + 1335 ... Robert de Arderne 1350-2 William de Tourseie 1353-4 Walter de Warfeld 1356-7 John de Ashwelle ; Thomas Pik; William de Flete 1359-60 ••• ••• William Bromle 1360-1 ••• >.. John de London 1375-6 ... ••• William Colchester 1378-9 ... ••• John Witlesford 1380-5 ••• ... ... ••■ Peter Coumbe 1385-7 John Enston 1389 ... ••• ... ••• ... William Cleangre 1391-3 ... ... ••• ... John Braynt 1399—1400 Roger Cretton 1404-5 ... ... ... *•• William Sonewell 1405-9 ••• ••• John Borewell 1409-14 John Bassyngbourne 1415-6 John Wrotham 1418-20 Nicholas Mordon 1433-4 ... ... ... ••• William Symond 1436-7 John Henton 1441 ... Nicholas Mordon + 1483 ... John Hilston 1484-5 ... John Hampton 1485-7 Ralph Langley 1487-91 (16 Dec.) ... ..." ... Richard Charing 1491 (16 Dec !.)— 1493 Thomas Flete 1497—1500; 1501-3 William Graunt 1503-4 ... ... ... .,, John Ashley 1506-7 ... Henry Jones 1507 (23 Dec :.)— 1509 (13 Oct.) ... William Southwell 1509-10 . .. ... ... Thomas Elf rede 1511-6 William March 1516-7 (24 J une) John Campion 1516-20 ... ... ... William Callowe 1520-1 William Overton 1521-2 Thomas Gardener 1523-33 ••• .•• William Callowe 1533 ... ... ... ... ... John Fulwell WARDENS OF THE CHURCHES CUSTODES ECCLESIE DE OCHAM + 1286 Roger de Waled en 1320 ... ... ... ... ... ... John de Wanetyng ; William de Harleston 1321-9 Robert de Beby 1329-33 ... ... ... ... ... Walter de Woxebrugge LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 205 CUSTODES ECCLESIARUM DE AsHWELLE, StANES ET OkEHAM 1334-43 1349-50 1353-4 1366-7 1372-7 1377-81 1381-3 1383-7 1387-92 1392-3 1393-7 1397-9 1399—1401 1401-3 1403-8 1408-10 1410-6 1416-8 1418-20 1420-31 (28 July) 1431 (27 July)— 1435 1435 (17 Dec.)-1437 1438 (19 June)— 1440 (26 Jan.) 1443-6 1446-56 1456-61 1461-83 (18 Jan.) 1483 (18 Jan.)— 1484 1485-6 1489-90 1492 1492-9 1499 1499—1500 1501-3 1504-8 1509-13 1514-28 1528-35 John de Ashwelle Nicholas de Litlington Richard de Merston John de Wratting John Lakyngheth Peter Coumbe John Lakyngheth Richard Honyngton John Lakyngheth John Borewell Richard de Merlawe John Borewell Peter Coumbe John Borewell Roger Cretton William Sonewell Richard Harwden John Wrotham Richard Harwden John Wrotham Nicholas Asshby Thomas Freston William Walsh Thomas Pomeray John Flete Richard Breynt William Chertsey Thomas Cliflford John Hampton George Fascet William Mane John Islip Thomas Ely William Brewode William Borow Robert Humfrey Thomas Brown Thomas Jaye John Fulwell WARDENS AND TREASURERS OF QUEEN ALIANORE'S MANORS Custodes et Thesaurarii Maneriorum Regine Alianore 1297 1301 (30 Nov.)— 1302 (29 May) 1302 (28 May)~1305 (17 Apr.) 1305; 1306 1309-10 1315 (25 Mar.)— 1319 (30 Nov.) Alexander de Neuporte Reginald de Hadhani William de Chalk Jordan de Wratting Henry de Bircheston John de Witteneie 206 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1318 (8 Dec .)— 1334 (7 Dec.) Henry de Bircheston 1334 (8 Dec .)— 1344 Simon de Bircheston 1334-7 ... ... • •• John Payn ; Robert de Hamslap 1339-42 • • . ... ,, ,, ; John de Mordon 1349 (15 Apr.)— 1350 Nicholas de Litlington 1351 ... • • . ... ... William de Tourseie 1357-62 Richard de Merston John Bokenhull 1369-70 John de Wratting John Stowe 1372-5 John Lakyngheth John de London 1375-7 )5 >> John Witlesford 1378-80 >> >> Peter Coumbe 1380-3 >) )) John Farnago 1383-7 JJ >> Robert Adelard 1387-8 5 J 55 William Halle 1388-90 55 55 John London 1390-1 55 55 John Enston 1391-2 55 55 John London 1392-3 William de Sudbury 55 55 1393-9 John Borewell John Braynt 1399—1400 Peter Courabe 55 55 1400-1 John Borewell • • • • • • 55 55 1401-3 55 55 Reginald Shiplake 1403-5 Roger Cretton Richard Harwden 1405-8 5> 55 Robert Hermodesworth 1408-10 William Sonewell 55 55 1410-6 Richard Harwden Walter Coggeshale 1416-7 John Wrothani John Feryng 1417-8 55 55 John Lucas 1418-20 Richard Harwden Walter Coggeshale 1420-6 John Wrotham 55 55 1426-7 55 55 Reginald Shiplake 1427-31 55 55 William Surreys 1431-3 Nicholas Asshby William Walsh 1433-5 55 55 John Yenour 1435-7 Thomas Freston 55 55 1438 (19 June)— 1439 John Wil ton ... John Cambridge 1439-40 John Wilton Richard Breynt 1440-3 Richard Breynt John Wilton 1443-6 John Flete ... 55 55 1446-50 55 55 • • • Bartholomew Massham 1450-6 55 55 John Estney 1456-7 Richard Breynt 55 55 1457-60 55 !5 John Ramsey 1460-2 William Chertsey 55 55 1462-4 55 55 Robert Essex 1464-8 55 55 Richard Tedyngton 1468-72 55 55 Thomas Crosse 1472-4 55 55 Richard Tedyngton 1474-7 55 55 Thomas Crosse 1477-80 55 55 Richard Tedyngton 1480-1 55 '5 Ralph Langley 1481-2 55 55 John Holand 1482-5 Thomas Clifford 55 55 1485-6 John Hampton ... ,, ,, 1486-8 George Fascet •• • . 55 55 LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 207 1488-92 George Fascet William Mane ' 1492 (12 Oct.)— 1493 John Islip ••• >> )) 1493-9 j> )) Richard Newbery 1499—1500 William Brewode Thomas Ely 1501-3 William Borow Richard Gaston 1503-4 >5 >» ••• Robert Humfrey 1504-6 Robert Humfrey William Fenne 1506-8 >> 5> 1508-13 Thomas Brown 1513-4 John Bedford 1514-28 Thomas Jaye 1528-34 John Fulwell [The monks in this list up to and including Simon de Bii-cheston are named Wardens, and in 1334-42 there are two additional officers called Treasurers. From 1357 to 1443 both are called Treasurers, the first being mainly responsible and sometimes called Wardens. From 1443 onwards both are frequently called Wardens. The titles, in fact, are interchangeable. It may be assumed that the same officers acted as Wardens and Treasurers of the other royal foundations of Richard II and Queen Anne, and of Henry V.] PITTANCERS PiTANCIARII 1267 1278 1286 1301 1343 Reginald de Stanes William de Pharindon Roger de Waleden Jordan de Wratting ; Reginald de Hadham John de Ashwelle GRANGERS Granatores 1297-8; 1303 (24 Feb.)— 1304 (24 June) 1304-5 1307-8; 1310-1 1327-8 1338-41 1346-7 1349-50 1350-1 1351-3 (1 Aug.) 1355-9; 1360-1 1361-71 1378-80 1380-2 1382-6 1386-90; 1391-4 1394-7 Jordan de Wratting John de Witteneie Guido de Asshewelle John de Witteneie ; William de Logardin William de Dumbeltone Richard de Redyng Nicholas de Litlington Thomas de Cora broke ; Richard de Merston Richard de Colcestr' John de Ashwelle Walter de Warfeld John Canterbery William Colchester John Lakyngheth Richard Honyngton Richard de Merlawe 208 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1397—1400 ... 1399—1401 ... John Canterbery John Borewell 1402-3 Roger Cretton 1404-9 John Borewell 1409-13 (19 Nov.) Roger Cretton 1413-4 John Lucas 1416-8 1418-23 Walter Coggeshale William Sonewell 1423-5 John Walden 1425-8 Thomas Freston 1428-33 1433-4 Richard Birlyngham John Cambridge 1434-8 John Wrotham 1438-9 John Cambridge 1439-42 William Barnell 1443-4 Robert Walsingham 1445-6 1446-8 Richard Sporley William Milton 1448-50 1453-4; 1458-63 Richard Ellyngton Richard Spoi-ley 1463-4 Richard Westminster 1464-5 Thomas Crosse 1465-6 1466-70 Thomas Frampton Thomas Crosse 1470-1 1473-4; 1479-80 Richard Sporley William Chinnor 1480-3 1484-5 Thomas Frampton Richard Charing 1485-8 William Graunt 1490-2 1492-3 Ralph Langley John Holand 1493-8 1500-1 1502-3 Robert Humfrey John Ashley Martin James 1506-7 William Fyttz 1511-2 William Fenne 1512-4 John Bedford 1514-25 John Fulwell 1528-34 John Malvern 1534-5 William Vertue 1536-7 William Mylton 1341-4 WARDENS OF THE NEW WORK CusTODES Novi Operis 1344 (Apr.— Nov.); 1349-65; 1377 1387-99 (25 Nov.) ... 1400—1411 (22 Nov.) 1413-20 1420-1 (16 Nov.) ... 1421 (16 Nov.)— 1422 Simon de Bircheston : Mordon John de Mordon Peter Coumbe Ralph Toneworth Richard Harwden William Sonewell Walter Coggeshale John de LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 209 1423-33 1433-7 1442-3 1444-5 1445-6 1447 (25 Mar.)— 1451 1455-6 1456-7 (25 Mar.) .. 1457 (25 Mar.)— 1458 1459-61 1461-7 (24 Nov.) .. 1467 (25 Dec.)— 1470 1470-1 1471-97 1497—1500 ... 1500-32 1532-4 Nicholas Asshby Edmund Kirton John Frank William Walsh John Flete Thomas Pomeray Edmund Downe John Flete Thomas Arundel William Barnell Thomas Ruston Thomas Millyng Thomas Crosse John Estney George Fascet John Islip William Boston TREASURERS Thesaurarii 1293-5 U , 1297-9 1299; 1301 1299; 1301 1301; 1302 1303 (24 Feb.) 1302 -1304 (24 June) 1304 (24 June)— 1305 (24 June) 1306-7 1307 (25 Nov.)— 1308 (29 Sep.); 1310 (29 Sep.)— 1311 (4 Apr.) 1311-3 1311-2 1313 1316 1318; 1319 1321 1327-8 1329-33 1330-33 1333 1337-40 1337-8 1343 1344-5 1346 1350-1 1351 (29 Sep.)— 1.352 (1 Aug.) 1353 (1 Aug.)— 1354 Richard de Fanelore (?) Henry de Wantyng; William de Watford Walter de Arkesdene Thomas de Dene Jordan [de Wratting] Jordan de Wratting; Roger de Aldenham Roger de Aldenham; Henry Payn John de Witteneie; Richard de Coleworth Philip de Sutton Guido de Asshewelle Ranulph de Salopia John de Butterle ; John de Witteneie William de Harleston; John de Wygornia „ „ ,, John de Wanetyng ,, ,, ,, John de Wygornia R. de Brackele ; Walter de Woxebrugge Walter de Woxebrugge Thomas de Henle Hugh de Papworth Robert de Curtlington Simon de Pireford John de Ashwelle Simon de Pireford ; Nicholas de Litlington William de Staunton ; Robert de Lake Nicholas de Litlington ; Thomas de Combroke ; Richard de Merston Richard de Merston ; John de Mordon John de Redyng ; Richard de Merston 14 210 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1356-7 1357-62 1362-71 1371-2 1375-6 1378-9 1380-1 1382-3 1383-5 1385-7 1387-8 1391-2 1392-3 1393-7 1397-8 1399—1401 1401-3 1403-5 1405-8 1408-9 1409-10 1410-4 1414-5 1415-6 1416-8 1418-20 1421-31 (27 July) 1431 (27 July)— 1433 1433-5 (17 Dec.) 1435 (17 Dec.) -1438 (19 June) 1438 (19 June)— 1440 (26 Jan.) 1440 (26 Jan.)— 1442 1442-6 1447 (4 Feb.)— 1456 (3 Nov.) .. 1456 (3 Nov.)— 1461 (19 Jan.) 1461 (19 Jan.-29 Sep.) 1461-3 1463-83 (18 Jan.) 1463-71?+ 1483 (18 Jan.)— 14841+ 1485-6 1486-8 1488-92 1492 (12 Oct.)— 1498 1498-9 1499_1500 1500-1 1501-3 1503-4 1504-81+ 1509-13 1514-28 1528-35 John de Mordon ; Walter de Warfeld Richard de Merston ; ,, ,, „ John de Wratting ; „ ,, ,, John Lakyngheth ; ,, „ „ „ ,, William Colchester „ „ John Witlesford „ ,, Peter Coumbe Richard Honyngton ; Peter Coumbe ,, ,, John Enston John Lakyngheth ; William Cleangre ,, ,, John Braynt William Sudbury ; „ „ John Borewell ; Richard de Merlawe ,, „ William Pulburgh Peter Coumbe ; Roger Cretton John Borewell ; „ „ Roger Cretton ; William Sonewell „ „ John Borewell William Sonewell ; „ ,, ,. „ John Bassyngbourne Richard Harwden ; ,, „ „ ,, John Lucas „ „ John Wrotham John Wrotham ; Nicholas Mordon Richard Harwden ; ,, ,, John Wrotham ; „ „ Nicholas Asshby ; ,, „ ,, ,, William Symond Thomas Freston ; John Henton William Walsh ; Nicholas Mordon Thomas Pomeray ; „ „ „ „ Edmund Downe John Flete; William Milton Richard Breynt ; ,, ,, William Chertsey; John Ramsey ,, „ Robert Essex Richard Tedyngton Thomas Clifibrd ; John Holand John Hampton ; „ „ George Fascet ; ,, ,, ,, ,, William Mane John Islip ; Richard Newbery „ ,, Thomas Ely William Brewode ; Thomas Ely ,, ,, William Borow William Borow ; Richard Caston „ „ Robert Humfrey Robert Humfrey Thomas Brown Thomas Jaye John Fulwell LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 211 MONK-BAILIFFS Ballivi 1260(?); 1269 1271 1303 (24 Feb.)— 1305 (24 June) 1307; 1312; 1318; 1319 ... 1322; 1323; 1326-7 1339; 1340; 1343-5 1345-7 1350-1 1352-56 1365-71 1373-83 1383-7 1387-92 1393-8; 1401-3; 1405-9 ... 1399—1401 1404 1409-10 1410-20 1421-31 (27 July) 1431 (27 July)— 1435 1435 (17 Dec.)— 1438 (19 June) 1438 (19 June)— 1440 (26 Jan.) 1440 (26 Jan.)— 1446 1447 (4 Feb.)-56 (3 Nov.) 1456 (3 Nov.)-61 1465-70; 1482-3 (18 Jan.) 1483 (18 Jan.)— 1484 1485-6 1492 1492 (12 Oct.)— 1499 1499 1499—1501 1501-4 1504-8 1509-13 1514-28 1528 35 John de Sutton Walter de London Reymund [de Wenlok] Philip de Sutton Ralph de Westbury Richard de Wynton John de Mordon Thomas de Combroke Richard de Merston John de Wratting John Lakyngheth Richard Honyngton John Lakyngheth John Borewell Peter Coumbe Roger Cretton William Sonewell Richard Harwdeu John Wrotham Nicholas Asshby Thomas Freston William Walsh Thomas Pomeray John Flete Richard Breynt William Chertsey Thomas Cliflford John Hampton William Mane John Islip Thomas Ely William Brewode William Borow Robert Humfrey Thomas Browne Thomas Jaye John Fulwell DOMESTIC TREASURERS Thesaurarii Intrinsecus et Collectores Reddituum custodes communis thesauri 1444-5 1446-7 1448-52 1461 (25 Dec.)- 1466-70 -1463 (29 Dec.) William Barnell William Wellys William Barnell William Milton Thomas Millyng 14—2 212 MONKS OF WESTMINSTER 1470-85 1485-90 1490-4 1494—1500 1501-27 1528-34 1536-7 John Estney Robert Essex John Estney George Fascet William Mane Thomas Jaye William Boston ARCHDEACONS Archidiaconi ?— 1246 (16 Dec.) 1260 (2 Apr.) (21 Mar.)— 1288 (c. 21 Sep 1278 1290 1293 1311 1324 (24 Aug.) (7 May); 1325 (20 May) 1366 (19 Oct.); 1367 (2 Mar.); prob. 13 (25 Jan.) ... 1372 (Apr.); 1373 (12 Oct.) 1382 1383 (27 Mar.) 1386 (9 Nov.) 1388 (24 June) 1391 (Oct.); 1393 (12 July) 1414 (6 Nov.) 1417-8 1440 (2 Apr.) 1447 (25 Dec.) 1449 1451 1454 1461 1468 (8 Jan.) 1483-4 1484-5 1498 (9 July); 1500 (27 Oct.) 1528 (18 Aug.) 1528 (19 Oct.) Richard de Crokesley Thomas de Marleberge Adam de Wycumbe Walter de Huntyndon Roger de Bures Alexander de Persore Robert William de Zepeswych Thomas Pik William Colchester Peter Coumbe William Colchester John Stowe John Borewell William Amondesham ? Ralph Toneworth? John Flete William Wellys John Amondesham George Norwych Edmund Downe George Norwych William Wycombe William Lambard Thomas Flete William Borow John Fulwell Robert Benet ABBOT'S RECEIVERS OR TREASURERS Receptores vel Thesaurarii Abbatis 1288-9 1296 (June)- -1298 (May) 1305 (13 Dec.)— 1307 (24 Dec.) 1341 (22 Jan.)— 1342 (17 Nov.) 1343 (25 Dec.)— 1344 (4 Apr.) 136.3-4; 1371 1413-4 John de Henle Alexander de Persore ; Richard de Fanelore Henry Payn John de Henle John de Crendon John Lakyngheth John Sauereye LIST OF ABBOTS, PRIORS, ETC. OF THE CONVENT 213 1416-8 1438-40; 1444-7 (29 Jan.) 1447 (2 Feb.)— 1448 1463 (24 Nov.)— 1464 (5 Feb.) 1496 (23 Oct.)— 1497 (5 Nov.) Roger Cretton John Flete Thomas Cornwayle Richard Westminster John Islip WARDENS OF THE ABBOT'S MANSION CusTODES Hospicii Abbatis 1288 (29 Sep.)— 1289 "(20 Mar.) 1289-90 1362-71 (26 Oct.) 1373-4?+ Ralph de Mordon Alexander de Persore John Lakyngheth William Colchester ABBOT'S STEWARDS Senescalli [Hospicii] Abbatis + 1246 1289-92 1298-9 1380-3; 1387 (29 Dec.)— 1390 (16 Nov.) 1390 (16 Nov.)— 1391 1400-2 1406-7 1413 (28 Sep.— 18 Nov.) 1463 (13 Apr.— 14 Nov.) Juhele Thomas de Lenton Adam de Warfeld Richard de Merlawe John Canterbeiy John Feryng Richard Harwden John Sauereye Richard Westminster APPENDIX. THE BENEDICTINES UNDER QUEEN MARY. The restoration by Mary Tudor of a Benedictine establishment to Westminster Abbey ^ lies outside the limits of our present investigation. Nor, by comparison with the period before the Dissolution, have we any appreciable wealth of material for reconstructing the daily life of the place during this brief revival. There are grants of leases by John Feckenham, the Abbot, and Este, the Prior, in fair numbers. There is also a cancelled bond-, "datum in capitulari nostra domo," 20 Mar. 1557, whereby the Abbot acknowledged that the Convent was indebted to Alphonsus de Salinas in the sum of ^300. This divine, who had been appointed to the seventh Prebend of the new foundation 12 May 1554'', and who is called in the document Alonso de Salines, was to receive " thirtie poundes yerelie at fowr termes in the yere " during his " naturall lyfe " ; in other words, he purchased from the Abbey an annuity of £30. Or again there are directions about the management of rural property, such as those contained in a letter'', signed by the Abbot, "to o'' trustie and welbeloued ffarmer Thomas Pollye o^' farmer of o'" par- sonage of Shoram," giving his lordship's " will and charge " as to the disposal of the " profettes." But there is no series of obedientiary rolls to claim succession to the annual stock-takings of the former time. Feckenham's public record can he sought else- where, and when it leaps to light, he is in no way shanied. But as to his colleagues there has been little but rumour. Widmore'^ himself can do no more than assert, without references, that the new Abbot brought with him "fourteen monks, four of which (sic) formerly belonged to Glastenbury," and he disposes of the revival in a couple of pages, largely occupied with Feckenham's career. Widmore's statement about the "fourteen monks" may arise from the record of Machyn", that on St Clement's Eve "the Lord Abbot with the Convent, thirteen monks shorn in, went in procession after the old fashion." I can tind no document of ours to confirm it. But we possess a paper" which purports to give a list of the Convent and its servants and which, though it does not mention Feckenham by name, unquestionably belongs to his period. So it ma)' be well to print it in full :— The Names of the Bretheren of Westmonasterie. Domin** M' Foster Abbas M'' Goodlook M"" Este prior M"" Adthelstane M'' Edon M"- Newte M'' Redborne M"" Frewell 1 7 Sep. 1556. ^ j^j^n. 5927. =* Widmore, p. 221. ^ Mun. 14354. ^ p. 137. 6 Diary, 21 Nov. 1556 (ed. Camd. Soc. p. 118 f.). ? Mu7i. 9327. APPENDIX 215 M' M- M- M' M' M' M" Coventri Bayli Aulton Philipps Vowell Bowcer Wooseter M"" Adthelwolde M"- Filde M"" Legge M"" Langdon M>- Cook M-^ Strotforde The names of those that shalbe religius and be nowe in comons. M'' Lucie M'' Branisgrove M'' Vlborne^ Selbe Prince Johnsone Groundie Wayte Andersone Lovewell M"" Phagane George Marshall Kyngsewoode Cley The names of my lorde Abbat men. Bosegrove mar shall Castlonde gentleman vssher Willington of my lordes chamber Hubbott of my lordes chamber Bragden common cat' [? caterer] Wilton vssher of the hall Miles buttler Morgayne butler Thomas my Lordes cooke William vnder cooke and ij Skullayns Masone porter Culpaper poore man Nune sub amner The names of the common servantes. Ealphe Ridell common tayler West common Tayler Roseter common buttler Raynolde Tue the bell ryngar Temple port' Erie servant to the subcelerer Ambrose M"" Celerers man fayre servant to M'' Archedecon Este servant to M'' Prior Towe keper of the garnerde Too common barbars Vpthomas servant to M'' Redborne The shomaker Too Cookes for the Covent One olde man to make clene the vessell Robert bocher slawterman Robert the bel ringar The chappell men and childerne that be in commons. Boorne Cavell vi Choristars iii brotherers ii Gardiners M'' Chanter M^ Chelton M"- Whatelie There is no date to this document, and so it is possible that the list of the actual Brethren represents the Convent in the greater completeness to which Feckenham brought it after a while. But it will be noticed that there are twenty monks besides the Abbot and the Prior ; and that there is a second class, pre- paring to enter religion, fourteen in number, of whom four are perhaps more advanced in their preparation than the rest, for they are described as "M""." Besides these there is the Abbot's retinue, consisting of fifteen persons, and the ' " Slyngsbe " has been deleted. 216 APPENDIX staff of the Convent, numbering nineteen. lastly, the gentlemen of the choir and the singing children are in a group of sixteen along with gardeners and "brotherers." Thus we have a Convent of 36 monks and postulants for admission, and a staff of 50 retainers of various kinds. Confining ourselves to the monks, we notice Widmore's statement that four of the alleged fourteen "had formerly belonged to Glastonbury." He is no doubt thinking of the letter, printed by Dugdale^ which was addressed by four of Feckenham's monks to Queen Mary's Lord Chamberlain, praying for the restoration of Glastonbury and referring to the efforts already made by the Abbot to that end. The letter is signed John Phagan John Neott Will"! Adelwold Will"" Kentwyne. We may identify three of these with men on our list, — John Neott with " M'' Newte " and Will"" Adelwold with " M"" Adthelwolde," while John Phagan who signs above them is represented by " M"" Phagaue," who stands eleventh among the fourteen "that shalbe religius " but are not yet in full membership. Of Will™ Kentwyne we have no record, unless he stands for " Kyngsewoode." The letter of the four monks bears no date, except in so far as it refers to Philip and Mary, but the fact that Phagane heads the signatures, as if he were as much a monk of Westminster as the other three, may be taken for what it is worth as an implication that the Feckenham list belongs to an early date in the history of the revival, and so is perhaps what it looks like, a list of those whom the new Abbot proposed as his first set of colleagues. We have seen reason" to suppose that " Sp Foster" and " M"" Goodlook," whose names occur together, were formerly Brethren of the Abbey of Westminster. The publication here of all the names may lead to the identification of some of the rest. What we miss is the ancient distribution of the oflBces. There is still a Cellarer, and there is still an Archdeacon ; for a servant is attached to each ; but the Archdeacon cannot be identified by name. "M"' Edon" is referred to in twelve documents' as Cellarer; in one he witnesses a bond for £200 given by the Abbot and Convent to a citizen of London 17 April 1557 "in presentia magistri Ricardi Edom Cellararii monasterii predicti " ; in another he signs an acquittance to John Moulton, the Receiver General of the Abbey, for the arrears of his account 16 Feb. 1557. We have also a reference to George Marshall or Marchal (who stands last but two among the postulants) as the Treasurer of the Convent. He similarly gives an acquittance'' to the same Receiver. The two receipts taken together are an indication that the old system of monk obedientiaries has been replaced by a secular administration. The Abbot now trusts affairs not to his Brethren but to laymen. The Receiver and the Auditor are the important factors in the management of the House. So we may end onr brief note on the revival with a letter' which clearly belongs to its closing days, and which the anxious Receiver, unwillingly pent up in Westminster, wrote to the apparently less anxious Auditor, who was at his country house with his family and, what was of more consequence at the moment, with some of the Abbey books : — M'' Audytor I commende me \-nto yo" and my lorde Abbot wellyd me to wryte to yo" to be here at Westm"" with alle spede for he lokyth euery daye ffor the 1 Monast. I. 9. 10; Harleian MS. 3881 f. 38b, which is said in a note to the 1817 edition to be " in the handwriting of Sir William Dugdale." •- pp. 185, 187. 2 Muji. 13207 ; 33203 ; &c. * Mun. 33204; 22 ¥eh. 1559. ^ Mini. 33199. APPENDIX 217 house to be desoluyd praying you" to bryng with yo" suche bokes as ye thynke conuenyent I would ffayne ffor my parte to be in the contrey but I can not awaye I praye yo" fayle not to come for y'' ys mete ffor vs bothe nowe attend And thus fare yo well with my hartye commendacions to M*'"''^ Bolland Scrybelyd in hast this mornyng the xix"^ day of June To my vearey louyng ffrend M"" Hum- frey Bolland audytor at Westm'' be this delyuyred at his house in Essex with spede. '^y yo'' assured louyng ffrend John raoulton receyuer there INDEX OF MONKS NOTE. The date after- each name is that of the year under which the nxonUs record is to he found. The figures in italics represent the pages on iohich any other reference is made to him. Abindon, Nicholas de 1334-5 Abindon, Richard de 1318 Abyndou, George 1502-3 Adam c. 1191 Adam, J. 1482-3 Adelard, R. 1369 .Egelward 1122 iEiric +1141 Alamis +1283 Albon, J. 1485-6 Albright, C. 1513-4 Alby, H. 1447-8 Aldenham, R. de 1297-8 S, 15, 63, 68, 73, 77 Alen, John 1493-4 Alen, John 1530-1 Alexander 1175 Aleyn, R. 1439-40 Algood, W. 1503-4 Almaly, W. de 1303 71, 73 Alquin c. 1158 4-5 Alwold +1049 Ambrose, John 1533-4 Ambrose, William 1523-4 Amondesham, John 1428-9 Amondesham, William 1387-8 5 Ansgode c. 1 1 37 Appulton, P. 1456-7 Arderne, R. de 1328-9 Arkesdene, W. de 1297-8 73 Arundel, John 1356-7 Arundel [Papilon], Ralph de +1173 4^ Arundel, Thomas 1439-40 25 n., 33 Ashby, J. 1462-3 Ashford, J. 1451-2 Ashley, J. 1482-3 Ashwelle, John de 1318-9 22, 92 Asshby, N. 1416-7 Asshewelle, Guido de 1297-8 73, 77 Asshwell, William 1375 Aston, T. 1432-3 Atherstone, T. 1425-6 Atte Heyg, Richard ? + 1319-20 Austen, J. 1519-20 Aylmer, J. 1439-40 Ayswelle, T. de 1235 Baanes, T. 1445-6 Bacinus Hen. Ill 52 Bampton, J. 1354-5 Barker, Thomas 1472-3 Barker, Thomas 1479-80 Barnards, R. 1533-4 Barnell, W. 1421-2 S, 138 Barnewell, J. 1487-8 Barton, Robert 1383-4 Barton, Thomas 1498-9 Bassyngbourne, J. 1387-8 Baunc, Walter de Hen. Ill Bavndon, J. 1458-9 Beaiiford, J. 1479-80 Beby, R. de 1297-8 12, 70, 73, 79, 82, 83, 88 Bedeford, Wilham de +1246 Bedford, John 1502-3 Bedford, Paschal 1435-6 Belden, W. 1384-5 Benet, Robert 1511-2 i77 Beuet, Thomas 1435-6 Benflet, L. de 1297-8 Ben well, T. 1494-5 Beremundeshe, R. de +1288 Berkiug, Jordan de 1291-2 Berking, Richard de +1219 13, 30, 49, 50, 102, 109 Biburi, J. de ? +1314-5 Billingburgh, J. 1451-2 Birchestou, Henry de 1297-8 61, 65, 73, 77, 82, 83 Bircheston, Simon de 1328-9 6, 76, 79, 81, 82, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94 Biritoue, R. de 1346-7 Birlyngham, R. 1389-90 126, 135 n. Bissea, R. de c. 1148-57 Blake, R. 1476-7 4, 28, 169 Blaston, R. de 1344-5 INDEX OF MONKS 219 Blvthe, R. de 1305-6 Bodenham, T. 1412-3 BokenhuU, J. de 1349-50 93, 95 Boklond, A. de 1305-6 Bolton, W. de +1308 70, 73 Bonnok, W. 1418-9 Borewell, John 1383-4 4, 4 n., 18, 19, 104, 109, lis Borow, William 1479-80 38, 161, 169 Borw, John 1372 107 Borwell, Edmund de 1336-7 Boston = Benson, W. 1532-3 191 Boteler, E. 1469-70 SO, 38, 161 Bothe, W. 1501-2 Botkesham, J. 1387-8 Bovington, W. 1443-4 Bowode, W. 1423-4 Brackele, R. de 1321-2 Brancmi, Roger c. 1137 Bray, R. 1344-5 Braybroke, W. de 1297-8 Braynt, John 1373 Brewode, W. 1465-6 Ikeynt, Richard 1421-2 Breynt, William 1493-4 Brice, Edmund 1517-8 Brice, John 1479-80 179 Brichstok, J. de 1328-9 25 Bridbroke, M. de 1318-9 22 Bridgewater, E. 1465-6 7 Brightwell, P. de 1322-3 Bromle, W. 1355-6 86 Broughton, W. 1410-1 Brown, T. 1485-6 5, 172 Bryd, G. 1408-9 Bryssey, W. 1455-6 Buklaud, W. 1445-6 Bureford, W. de Hen. Ill Bures, Adam de 1328-9 Bures, Robert de c. 1276-7 29 Bures, Roger de c. 1290 73 Bury, David de 1382-3 Bury, J. 1443-4 Butterle, J. de 1297 40, 66 Byrd, W. 1540 Byrte, W. 1513-4 Cademan, G. Hen. Ill Callowe, R. 1501-2 178 Cambridge, J. 1418-9 ^8, 128 Campeden, A. de 1334-5 Campion, J. 1503-4 Canterbery, J. 1362-3 6, 7, 8 n. Capes, W. c. 1137 ^^4 Carsalton, J. de 1346-7 Castel, J. de 1320-1 Caston, R. 1473-4 Chalk, W. de 1293 59, 61 /., 67, 73 Chamber, C. 1487-8 Chamberlayne, T. 1523-4 Champney, T. 1485-6 Charing, R. 1460-1 34 Charleton, R. de 1336-7 83 Charyte = Perkins, Humfrey 1517-8 184, 191 Chereton, N. 1376 Cherlton, H. de 1309-10 Cherring, R. de 1297-8 Cherteseye, Benedict de 1335-6 6, 83, 88, 91, 92 Chertsey, William 1439-40 34, I4I, I64 Cheseman, R. 1523-4 Chesterfield, R. 1447-8 Chicelden, T. de 1297-8 Chinnor, W. 1443-4 Chrysostome, R. 1533-4 Circestr', R. 1354-5 6, 7, 8, 26, 113 Clare, Osbert de +1121 44 Clare, Richard de 1320-1 Clare, Richard 1451-2 Cleangre, W. 1372 Gierke, J. 1536-7 CliflFord, T. 1462-3 Clifton, H. de 1346-7 Coggeshale, John 1380-1 Coggeshale, Walter 1395-6 Colcestr', Richard de 1351-2 Colchester, Thomas 1376 94 Colchester, William 1361-2 4, 5, 6, 18, 27, 33, 34, 100, 101, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 132, 124, 125, 126, 127, 178 Colecestr', Henry do Hen. Ill 35 Colecestr', Thomas de 1290 Coleworth, John de 1278 Cole worth, Richard de 1297-8 61 Combroke, T. de 1339-40 Coneham, H. 1387-8 Cornehill, V. 1493-4 Cornwayle, T. 1421-2 130, 139 Corn well, H. de +1288 Cornysshe, J. 1502-3 Costyng, R. 1435-6 Cotes, Gilbert de ? 1314 Cotes, Robert de 1318 Coumbe, P. 1363-4 18, 118 Cranlye, T. 1373-4 Crassyngham, J. de 1346-7 Crendon, John de 1335-6 Crendon, John 1385-6 Cretton = Kyrton, R. 1384-5 23, 31 Crispin, Gilbert 1085 13, 41/., 44 Crokesley, R. de +1239 4,10,13,50,51 Crome, R. 1530-1 Crosse, T. 1445-6 Cruce, P. de 1297-8 Curtlington, Robert de 1316 25, 81 Curthngton, William de 1303 23 n., 57, 67, 70, 71, 73, 78, 80, 84 Dadington, J. de 1305-6 Dalby, T. 1397-8 Dalianns, D. 1509-10 177, 178, 181 Darby, R. 1530-1 Daunt = London, J. 1435-6 36 Davers, R. 1487-8 178 220 INDEX OF MONKS Dene, T. de 1297-8 73 Denham, R. 1363-4 Denys, J. 1513-4 Depedene, N. de +1288 Derteford, J. 1383-4 Dorkecestre, G. de 1278 Dowiie, E. 1440-1 13 Downes, R. 1501-2 Drope, J. 1462-3 Dufteld, H. 1479-80 28, 109 Dumbeltone, W. de 1334-5 93 Dunston, A. 1511-2 177 Eadwyc c. 1121 4 Edward 1317 35 Edwin +1049 Eles, W. 1501-2 Elfrede, T. 1493-4 Elias c. 1157 Elias c. 1258-83 Elinton, L. de 1293-4 Ellerton, J. 1445-6 Ellyngton, R. 1441-2 Ely, T. 1472-3 Empson, R. 1530-1 Enston, J. 1373 17 Essex, Robert 1451-2 1S7, 159, 166 Essex, Thomas 1513-4 Estney, J. 1439-40 30, 38, I4I, I44, 153, 160, 163, 164, 167, 188 Eston, J. 1395-6 Eton, N. 1469-70 Everton, J. 1456-7 Evsam, W. 1503-4 Excestr', R. 1360 4, 23, 32, 94, 103 Faith, W. 1525-6 Fakenham, R. 1397-8 Fanelore, R. de c. 1266 73 Faringdon, W. 1465-6 Farnago, J. 1363-4 27, 103 Fascet, G. 1472-3 25, 32, I48, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, I64, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 173, 176 Felix, J. 1525-6 149 Fenue, W. 1493-4 Feryng, J. 1384-5 Finden, W. de 1299-1300 29 Flete, Edward 1501-2 Flete, John 1420-1 2, 5 f., 7, 20, 23, 40, 42, 50, 135, 143 Flete, Thomas 1469-70 Flete, William de 1336-7 Forde, B. 1379-80 Fordham, J. 1395-6 Forster, J. 1513-4 214, 216 Frampton, T. 1439-40 Frank, J. 1418-9 Freston, T. 1415-6 Fulwell, John 1501-2 Fulwell, John 1503-4 32, 168, 179, I84 Fundur, John le c. 1258-83 Fynden, Thomas 1428-9 Fynden, Thomas 1444-5 Fyttz, W. 1498-9 Gardener, T. 1493-4 28, I84 Gardino, S. de +1284 11 Gedeney, Walter 1394-5 Gedney, Thomas 1412-3 Geoffrey c. 1071 Geoffrey +1193 Gervase c. 1137 40, 44, 4^ Giffard, J. 1363-4 Gilbert c. 1191 Gisors, J. 1339-40 Glaston, W. de 1303 Glovernia, R. de +1240 51 Godehappes, C. 1506-7 Godeluke, J. 1519-20 214, ^10 Godfrey c. 1130-4 Godfrey Hen. Ill 42 Gortton, R. 1538-9 Grace, J. 1523-4 Grantham, W. 1351-2 Graunt, W. 1465-6 Gregory, W. 1513-4 Grene, W. 1485-6 33, 161, 178 Grove, W. 1484-5 Hadham, R. de 1286 3, 15, 16, 56 f., 58, 62, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 Hairmi, R. de c. 1137 Halle, W. 1375 103 Hampslap, R. de 1320-1 26, 83, 87, 89 Hampton, J. 1349-50 Hampton, John 1458-9 Hampton, William de Hen. Ill Hanyngton, W. de 1278 Harding, C. 1456-7 Hardmed, N. de 1316 Harleston, Nicholas de 1320-1 Harleston, Wilham de 1305-6 Harlewes, M. 1509-10 Harwden, R. 1397-8 27, 33, 105, 128, 136, 137 Haseley, W. de c. 1266 Hatton, W. 1410-1 Haumodesham, S. de 1334-5 83 Hendon, N. 1503-4 Henle, John de +1288 Heule, John de 1334-5 Henle, Simon de 1297-8 70 Henle, Thomas de 1328-9 6, 72, 75, 76, 78, 80 Henley, Richard 1523-4 Henry Hen. Ill 12, 35 Henton, J. 1425-6 Herbert c. 1085 42 Hereford, Richard de 1292 Hereford, Robert de 1354-5 Hermodesworth, Robert 1380-1 18, 23 Hermodesworthe, Reginald de +1239 Hertford, Edward 1447-8 Hertford, R. 1487-8 Hertwelle, H. de 1346-7 INDEX OF MONKS 221 Hervy, N. 1462-3 Hervyngton, W. de 1362-3 Hill, J. 1485-6 Hilston, J. 1461-2 Holand, John 1468-9 Holand, William 1506-7 Holbech, John 1369 36 Holbech, John 1386-7 36 Holborne, W. 1423-4 Honyngton, R. 1361-2 Hope, W. 1525-6 Horniton, J. de 1344-5 Hugh c. 1092 Hugh c. 1148-57 Humez, William 1214 43, 189 Humfrey, R. 1485-6 5, 7, 169, 17S Huntyndon, Walter de c. 1290 55 Huntyndon, William de c. 1263 3, 10, 65, 70 Huntyngdon, Richard 1435-6 Hurle, H. de 1309-10 Hurley, Armell 1523-4 Hurley, Walter de Hen. Ill Huse, W. 1540 Hyde, A. 1423-4 Innocentibus, R. de Hen. Ill Islip, John 1479-80 7, 21, 23, 25, 32, 37, 150, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 181 Istelep, J. de 1309-10 James 1199 James, M. 1487-8 Jaye, T. 1501-2 32, 37, 170, 172, 173, 176, 179, 181 Jerame, Richard 1523-4 Jerome, R. 1533-4 John c. 1148-57 Jones, H. 1482-3 178, 184 Juhele +1246 Karlill, J. 1397-8 Kedyngton = Sudbury, R. de 1303 16, 57, 61, 63, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 76, 77 Kingston, J. 1458-9 Kirton, E. 1403-4 8, 19, 25, 27, 33, 105, 140, 141, 144, 153 Knight, R. 1465-6 Knoll, Thomas 1423-4 Knolle, John 1498-9 33 Knolle, W. de 1306-7 Kympton, J. 1420-1 Kyngestone, J. 1397-8 Kyrkele, J. de 1316 Labanke, W. 1275 Lake, R. de 1335-6 26, 81 Lakyngheth, John 1362-3 6, 17, 33, 95, 102, 104 Lakyngheth, William de 1355-6 Lalham, A. de 1297-8 Lambard, W. 1456-7 157 Lamborne, J. 1455-6 Langeberwe, H. de 1309-10 Langham, John 1501-2 178 Langham, Simon 1339-40 6, 26/., 37, 79, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 95, 97, 102, 103, 104, 108, 115, 119 Langley, R. 1465-6 Lardene, R. de 1328-9 Latham, W. 1540 Lathbury, J. 1536-7 Laurence c. 1158 4^, 4^ Laurence, J. 1511-2 177 Ledgold, T. 1503-4 Ledrede, W. 1352-3 Lefric +1141 Le Gras, R. +1231 Lenton, T. de 1286 62 Lewesham, P. de 1245 Leycestr', R. 1355-6 Leyton, A. de 1299-1300 29 Lichefeld, T. de 1303 Lindesey, N. 1503-4 Litlington, Humfrey 1473-4 Litlington, Nicholas de ? + 1333 6,7,13, 14, 23, 38, 88, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 111, 114, 120 Litlington, Wilham 1363-4 Lobbe, G. c. 1137 Logardin, W. de 1320-1 Lokeleya, W. de 1278 Lokyngton, W. 1473-4 161 Loudon, Adam de 1335-6 London, Bartholomew 1375 London, Henry de 1275 12 f. London, James de 1297-8 London, John de 1297-8 6, 36, 73 London, John de 1351-2 London, John 1378-9 112 London, John 1406-7 London, Robert de 1297-8 London, Robert 1494-5 23 London, Simon de 1275 London, Stephen de Hen. Ill London, Walter de 1260 55 Love well, T. 1517-8 Lowth = Benet, R. 1455-6 Lucas, J. 1389-90 91 Ludlow, J. 1397-8 Lymiiistre, A. de 1284 Lyncolne, R. 1531-2 Lynne = Myldenale, T. 1451-2 Lyra, J. de ?1242 51 Maidenheth, J. de 1334-5 Maleth, J. de +1239 Malvern, J. 1506-7 Mane, W. 1476-7 166, 175, 177, 178 Mannyngham, J. 1517-8 March, W. 1498-9 Markus, J. 1434-5 Marleberge, T. de +1260 Marlowe, J. 1458-9 222 INDEX OF MONKS Marshall, J. 1501-2 Martin 1175 Martyn, Hugh 1517-8 Martyn, John 1435-6 Massham = Selby, B. 1408-9 Maurice c. 1095 Maurice +1246 Maynell, W. 1469-70 Mede, T. 1438-9 Mekeues, T. 1536-7 Mercye, R. 1533-4 Merke, Thomas 1379-80 27, S5, 86, 104, 105 Merlawe, R. de 1369 108 Merston, Elmynus 1387-8 Merston, Richard de 1346-7 8 n., 26, 92, 106, 108 Micheham, W. de 1261 Middelton, Robert de 1297-8 Middleton, Benedict 1392-3 Millyng, T. 1445-6 7, 25, 27, 28, ISO, IJfl Milton, Walter 1397-8 Milton, William 1429-30 8 Mockyngge, T. de 1324-5 Molesham, R. de c. 1189 85 Mordon, John de 1335 89, 91, 92 Mordon, Nicholas 1408-9 Mordon, Ralph de +1288 63 Mordon, William de 1349-50 More, J. 1479-80 27 f. Moredon, Walter de 1350-1 25 n. Morton, R. 1540 Morton, William de 1334-5 Mulsham, T. 1479-80 Murymouth, J. 1346-7 Mylton, W. 1535-6 Nassington, J. 1350-1 Neuporte, A. de 1278 15, 66 Nevill, T. 1485-6 Newbery, R. 1473-4 Nicholas c. 1085 Normannus +1242 ^9 Norrys, W. 1406-7 Northalle, H. de 1322-3 Northampton, John 1372 8, 115 Northampton, Thomas 1443-4 Norton, John 1473-4 33 Norton, Thomas de 1352-3 Norwych, G. 1423-4 7, 27, 130, 138, 14^, 144, U7, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153 Notele, J. de 1297-8 Ocle, J. 1434-5 33 Okyngton, J. de 1334-5 Overton, W. 1501-2 Palgrave, R. 1378-9 Papworth, H. de 1318 Parham, R. de 1285 62 Parker, R. 1415-6 23 Patyence, J. 1533-4 Pavor, W. 1462-3 Pawnton, R. 1458-9 Paxton, G. 1355-6 Payn, Henry 1297-8 73 Payn, John 1318 Pelham, Richard de 1278 Pelham, William 1334-5 Penne, W. 1530-1 Pershore, John de 1318 Persore, Alexander de 1284 10, 15, 58, 61, 64, 65, 66, 73 Peter +1246 Petham, W. 1415-6 Peuerell, T. 1372 105 Pharindon, W. de c. 1266 11 Philip c. 1121 Philip c. 1191 Phihp, T. 1517-8 Pik, T. 1344-5 Pireford, S. de 1320-1 Piriton, T. 1350-1 Pistor, J. 1297-8 Pomeray, T. 1421-2 37 Pomfrett, T. 1376 Postard, W. +1191 3, 47 Preston, George 1473-4 Preston, Thomas 1384-5 96 Prymer, T. 1455-6 Pulburgh, W. 1383-4 18, 86, 94 Purcell, R. 1469-70 Ralph + 1065 Ramsey, J. 1441-2 8 Randall, J. 1521-2 Rauel, G. c. 1266 11 Raundes, R. 1335-6 Rawlyns, W. 1509-10 Reding, Robert de 1297-8 Redmayne, J. 1491-2 Redyng, John de 1339-40 6, 7, 8, 36, 92 Redyng, Richard de +1339-40 89 Redyng, Robert 1421-2 Redyng, William 1482-3 Redynge, John, junr. 1363-4 Richard 1175 Riculf 1122 Robert + 1085 35 Robert +1200 Rocella, J. de +1169 Roger c. 1158 Rolston, J. 1536-7 Romayne, J. 1536-7 Romney, R. 1491-2 Ruston, T. 1435-6 27, I42, 158 Rye, H. de 1297-8 Ryngstede, J. de 1303 12 Salesbury, J. de 1318-9 22 Salisbury = Thomer, Nicholas 1421-2 Sail, T. 1485-6 Salopia, John de 1303 Salopia, Ranulph de +1308 Sancta Kateriua, S. de Hen. Ill INDEX OF MONKS 223 Sancto Albano, H. de +1239 Sancto Bartolomeo, P. de c. 1266 Sancto Martino = Marttin, R. de c. 1272 11 Sancto Neoto, J. de 1328-9 Sancto Paulo, J. de c. 1266 Sandon, J. 1379-80 £>4, 105, 116 Sauereye, J. 1394-5 ^7, 121 Scrowest, J. de 1305-6 Seger, W. +1170 Segesber', T. de 1297-8 Selby, R. 1398-9 5, 6, 7, 3^, S7 Selly, John 1465-6 Selly = Petworth, Richard 1445-6 Sheuegeyze, H. de 1334-5 25, 30 Shiplake, R. 1397-8 32 Skilton, J. 1350-1 Snellyng, J. 1384-5 Solers, R. 1350-1 Somerset, T. 1328-9 Somerton, John de 1361-2 Somerton, Richard 1360-1 Sonewell = Delauale, W. 1387-8 33, 121 Southbroke, R. 1412-3 34 Southwell, W. 1491-2 Spencer, J. 1425-6 Sporley, R. 1428-9 56 Springwell, G. 1509-10 Staneford, J. 1356-7 Stanes, Gregory de Hen. Ill Stanes, John de 1297-8 Stanes, John 1462-3 Stanes, Reginald de c. 1266 Stanford, W. de +1221 Stanley, R. 1493-4 Staunton, Reginald de 1334-5 Staunton, Robert 1361-2 Staunton, William de 1328-9 Stokeley, R. 1460-1 Stokes, J. 1415-6 3 J,, Stokton, H. 1363-4 Stowe, J. 1361-2 4, 26, 105, 106 Stowell, T. 1498-9 Stratford, J. 1420-1 Stratton, J. 1378-9 Style, Henry 1540 Sudbury, W. de 1373 27 Sulcard c. 1076 6, 7 Surreys, W. 1399-1400 Sutton, John de 1260 8 Sutton, Philip de +1272 73, 77 Suttone, Geoffrey de +1242 Swyneforde, W. 1344-5 Symond, W. 1412-3 Tailard, William +1257 Tarn worth, R. 1530-1 Tayleboys, Gregory de Hen. Ill Tayleboys, Robert Hen. Ill Tedyngton, R. 1428-9 Temple, H. de 1297-8 29 n. Thacksted, H. 1540 Thetforde, T. 1397-8 Thomas c. 1161 Thorgaston, T. de 1341-2 Thornton, G. 1509-10 Thornwerke, G. 1439-40 Titeberst, J. de 1320-1 Toneworth, R. 1379-80 Tonley, T. 1415-6 Torinton, J. de 1328-9 Tothale, J. de 1316 22 n., 71, 80 Tourseie, W. de 1346-7 Triffeld, J. de 1275 Trompeltone, W. de 1289 Tudbery, H. 1458-9 Turkill 1122 Turstin 1122 Twiford, R. 1369 Twynyng, W. de 1328-9 Tyteburste, S. de Hen. Ill Underwood, S. 1536-7 Venour, J. 1425-6 Vernon, J. 1540 Vertue, W. 1509-10 7 Veryty, T. 1533-4 Vincent, S. 1372 Vinterie, J. de 1346-7 Vitalis c. 1076 41 Walden, John 1406-7 Wale, J. 1418-9 Waleden, Roger de 1270 11 Waledene, Henry de 1282 Walingford, J. de 1336-7 Walkelyn, J. 1354-5 Walsh, Simon 1482-3 Walsh, William 1416-7 4, 4 n., 20, 28, 134, 155 Walsingham, R. 1432-3 Walter c. 1161 Walter 1175 46 Waltham, Hugh 1355-6 Waltham, Richard de c. 1263 54 Wanetyng, John de 1303 Wantyng, Henry de 1297-8 Warde, J. 1482-3 169 Ware, John 1465-6 Ware, Nicolas de c. 1290 29 Ware, Richard de +1257 5, 9, 10, 13, 24, 29, 54, 55, 58 f., 60 Warewik, Simon de 1328-9 Warewyk, John 1355-6 Warewyk, Thomas 1363-4 Warfeld, Adam de 1297 Warfeld, Walter de 1346-7 120 Warner c. 1092 6, 12 Warton, R. de 1261 Waterden, J. 1461-2 Watford, W. de 1285 29 Wautone, R. de Hen. Ill Wellys, Robert 1482-3 Wellys, William 1438-9 Wenlock, Robert 1439-40 Wenlok, John de 1296 224 INDEX OF MONKS Wenlok, Raymund de +1287 66 Wenlok, R. de +1293 Wenlok, Thomas de 1320-1 25 Wenlok, Walter de +1283 3, 10, 15, 16, 26, 29 n., 31, 38, 54, 56, 58/., 62 f., 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 76 West, W. 1418-9 139 Westbiiry, R. de ? 1314 Westminster, Richard 1450-1 Westminster, William 1493-4 178 Westow = Nicoll, T. 1468-9 Whaddon, E. 1392-3 TMiaplode, X. 1462-3 Whatele, R. 1386-7 25, 27, 116, 127 ^Miethamsted, J. 1519-20 Whetnale, T. 1433-4 Whitton, W. 1415-6 William c. 1085 William c. 1157 William 1234 William Hen. Ill 49 Wilton, J. 1397-8 Winchester, H. 1506-7 173 Windesore, Richard 1523-4 Witlesford, John 1369 Witlesford, WilUam 1363-4 Wltneye, John 1435-6 Witteneie, John de 1297-8 Witteney, Henry de 1297-8 Wobume, T. de 1303 Wodeham, J. de 1275 Woderowe, J. 1425-6 Worsley, R. 1491-2 Woxebrigge, Walter 1389-90 Woxebrugge, Walter de 1318 29 n. Wratting, John de 1353^ 6, 25, 31, 103 Wratting, Jordan de 1261 Wrotham, J. 1403-4 Wycombe, William 1441-2 Wycumbe, Adam de 1275 59, 62 Wvgomia, John de 1303 Wygomia, Peter de 1305-6 25 Wyk, R. 1384-5 W\'ndesore, Peter de c. 1158 Wynewj-k, R. 1366-7 38 Wynton, Richard de 1322-3 84, 91 Wynton, Robert de 1339-40 York, W. 1397-8 Yslyp, J. 1536-7 Zepeswych, W. de 1352-3 4, 26, 95 GENERAX INDEX NOTE. ^4 number of pntries vnll be found under the heads of '■^London," " Westminster" and " Westminster Abbey. ^^ Abingdon, 61 Abbot of, 148 iEdric, Prior of Chertsey, 43 Aldebrandi, Dtindo, of Siena, 54 Aldenham, Herts, church and manor of, a, 52 f., 74, 104, 181 Gilbert de, 70 Alexander III, Pope, 42, 44 Alexander IV, Pope, 49, 65 Alianoreof Castile, Queen, wife of Edward I, 15 Abbot Wenlok, her Treasurer, 59 f. Candles for her tomb, 17, 114 Manors of, and the distribution of their proceeds, 15 ff"., 22, 25, 33 n., 55 f., 61 f., 67, 74, 77, 81, 83, 93, 110 n., 140 Confirmation of chartei', 78 Warden, 16, 23, 29 f, 169, 172 Wardens and Treasurers, list of, 205 f. AUer-jvixta-Langport, Somerset, benefice of, 144 Araalric, brother of Abbot Gervase, 42 Ampulla, the, golden eagle for, 149 Amwell, Herts, manor of, 60, 65 Auagni, 42, 44 Anne of Bohemia, Queen, wife of Richard II, 18 Anniversary of, 18, 104, 109 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 40 Antwerp, the Virgin's girdle taken to, 72 n., 79 Apothecaries, 60, 63, 80, 105, 149 Armour of Abbots and Monks, 86, 104, 107 Arnald, Bishop of Sorra, 92 Ashford (Echelesford), Midx, 159 Ashwell, Herts, church and manor of, 5, 49, 79, 125, 181 Asserio, Rigaud de. Bishop of Winchester, 75 Assheley, Edward, goldsmith, 170 Avignon, 27, 63, 65, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 102, 103, 108 Balsham, Hugo de. Bishop of Ely, 56 Barde, (4iovanni de, banker, 148 Baron, the Chief, 105 Bath and Wells, Bishops of, 48, 144 Battely, Charles, Receiver and Register of Westminster Abbey, 149 Battersea, church and manor of, 10, 44, 56, 138 Bee, Abbey of, 40 f. Belsize, Hampstead, manor of, 83, 135 Benedict XII, Pope, 84 Benedictines, General Chapter of, 26, 28, 61, 63, 65, 84, 92, 103, 104, 105, 113, 117, 119, 122, 124, 126, 127, 129, 139, 144 Statutes of the Order, 49, 84 Benfleet, South, Essex, 85, 181 Bermondsey, 130 Bernay, Abbey of, 40 Bidek, Thomas, of the manor of Finchley, 92 Biggleswade, Beds, manor of, 19 Birchurst, Abbot Wenlok's houses at, 65 Birdbrook, Essex, manor of, 15, 61, 83, 181 Bird-spits in the Convent Kitchen, 163 Birlingham, Worcs, manor of, 52, 86 Blanket, cloth bought for slippers, 14 Blokley, John, anniversary of at West- minster, 107, 148 Blyth, Priory of, 175 BoUand, Humfrey, Auditor of the Abbey under Feckenham, 216 f. Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, 186 Boat-hire, 105, 108, 130, 159 Boniface VIII, Pope, 3, 55 Bonaventura, 56 Bononia, Peter of. Bishop of Corbavia 78 Bosco, Ralph de, 53 Boston, Lines, 189 Bourton, Gloucs, 58 Boy-bishop of St Nicholas, 85 Brabazon, Roger le, Chief Justice, 63 Brademoor, John, surgeon, 114 Bray, Magister W. de, 65 Brazur, Thomas le, 52 15 226 GENERAL INDEX Briefs, funeral, see Mortuary rolls Brief-writer, or hreinator, or ahbreuiator, 96, 114 Brightwell, West, Berks, 81 Broke, John, skinner, 102 Bubnell, Derbyshire, 75 Buckingham, Archdeacon of, 128 Buiyns, Rf)ger de, Prior of Sudbury, 73 Burden, George, Receiver of Westminster Abbey, 192 Burton-on-Trent, abbey of, 189 Biirtt, John, F.S.A., 7, 10 n. Cade, William, financier, 44 Caen, Abbey of St Stephen, 47 Caerleon on Usk, 52 Calais, France, 85, 95, 105 Caligae estiuales, or summer gaiters, 14 f., 82 Cambridge, 104 University of, 28, 174, 175, 188, 189 Abbot of Westminster incorporated at, 28, 153 Benedictine Hostel at, 28 Buckingham College, 28 Expenses of a Doctor's commence- ment at, 189 Magdalene College, 28 Camden, Meges &c., 5, 6, 7, 28, 40, 86, 112, 122 n.. 129, 130, 153, 161, 172 Camera, used of a set of rooms for a monk in the infirmary, 32, 80, 91, 103, 107, 124 Canterburv, 26, 40, 95, 113 Abbey "of St Augustine, 9, 13, 22, 29 Archbishop of, Official of, 75 Archbishops of, 40, 54, 58, 59, 60, 65, 75, 77, 93, 105, 159 Priory of Christ Church, 9, 94, 113 Capdlanus, used of monks in priest's orders, 16 f., 22, 112 Capocci, Cardinal, 92 Cardinals and Nuncios, payments to, 51, 63, 65, 67, 74, 77, 159 Carlisle, 66 Thomas Merke, Bishop of, 27, 35, 86, 104, 105, 116 Carthusian Order, 161 Chaddesley, Worcs, vicarage of, 191 Chancellor, the Lord, 19, 93 Charing, 54 Convent Garden at, 63, 76, 190 Chariots and horses supplied by Abbot and Convent to Richard II and Henry V against France, 105, 107 Charles of Valois, 73 Chaucer, GeofJ'rey, lease of a tenement to, 104, 117 Chelmsford, 49 Chelsea, manor of, 85 Chertsey, Abbey of, 43, 130 Chesney, Robert de. Bishop of Lincoln, 43 Chichester, Bishop of (Ralph de Neville), 48 Chyriton, Richard de, 77 Ciphi imirreni (probably crystal goblets), 101, 102, 106, 107, 151, 160, 163 Cistercian Order, 85 Clare, Maud de, Countess of Gloucester and Hertford, 35, 52 Clement V, Pope, 73 Clement VI, Pope, 92 Clergy, Provincial Assembly of, at North- ampton, 1283, 52 Clerks-convict, 96, 98 f., 170, 184 Clifford, Thomas, Lord, 160 Clistor, or clyster, or clisterium, probably a drench or injection, 69, 98, 105 Cluniac Order, 163 Coblenz, 72 n. Colchester, Essex, 103-5 Abbey of St John, 130 Archdeaconry of, 70 Castle, 104 Parish of St Nicholas, 103, 104 Priory of St Botolph, 104 Colchester, William de, A bhot of Westminster, 4 n., 5 n., 22 n., 33 n., 99, 102, 105, 118 Cologne, 118 Commonage, rights of, 52, 61 Compotus (or account) rolls, compiled an- nually, 4, 9, 13 n., 31 Compromission, election by, 3, 51, 55, 60, 73, 92, 104 Compton, Dame Ysabele de, 60 Conseruacia, a reservation obtained from the Pope, 97 Constance, Council of, 105, 122, 133 Corbavia, Bishop of, Petrus Bononiensis, 78 Corboil, France, 61 Corfe Castle, quarry at, 90 Cornwall, Edmund, Earl of, 52 Cornysshe, Williaui, Judge in Ordinary, 158 Corrodium, regidar pa3'ments to monks and others, 30, 41, 101, 103, 135 n. Costhard, Henry, 71 Courtenay, William, Bishop of London, 103 Covent Garden, 63, 76, 190 Coventry, Hugh de Nonant, Bishop of, 46 Priory of, 191 Crispin, William, a Norman noble, 40 Cromwell, Thomas, 181, 190, 191 Croydon, Surrey, 106 Croyland, Abbey of, 28 Crull, Antiquities of Westminster, 5, 161 Crusade, a monk absent at the, 116 Cupping of monks, the, 82, 96 Curfew, the, 89 Curia Regis, 78 Curialitas, a gift or courtesy, 15, 21 f., 63, 68 Curtlington, John de, clerk, 75 Datchet, Vicar of, 140 Deerhurst, Gloucs, manor of, 67 Priory of, 97 Del Isle, Sir John, 84 GENERAL INDEX 227 De Lisle, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, 93 Denham, Bucks, church and manor of, 41, 86, 93, 98, 106, 133, 140 Abbot's hall at, 61, 67 Abbot's larderer at, 68 Despenser, Edward le, 85 Diaper cloth for the President's table, 24 Doddington, with Thorpe, Lines, manor of, 40 Dormans, John de, "Cardinal of Beauvais," 95 Dover, Kent, 101, 105 Downe, Middlesex, manor of, 19 Downton, Wilts, 46 Draper, John, courier, 94, 102 Du Cange, Olossarium, 24 n. Durham, Priory of, early account-rolls at, 9 Commemoration of Westminster monks at, 44 f. Easthampstead, Berks, church of, 45, 84 Edenbridge, Kent, manor of, 15, 61 Edith, sister of St Edward the Confessor, 99 Edward I, 10, 15, 52, 58, 60 f., 63, 64 Edward II, 61, 71, 74, 75, 93 Edward III, 72 n., 78, 84, 85, 92, 95, 97 Edward IV, 23, 153, 154 f. Edward V, 153 Edward Aurifaber, or the Goldsmith, 53 Eleanor, of Provence, wife of Henry III, 49 f. Eltham, John of, brother of Edward III, 84 Ely, 41, 116 Bishops and see of, 46, 56, 61, 93 Monastery of, 9, 28, 41 f., 94, 116 Essex, Archdeaconry of, 70 Este, Prior of Westminster under Abbot Feckenham, 214 f. Estgrave wood, Kensington, 48 Eugenius IV, Pope, 130, 136 Evesham, Abbey of, 49 Exchequer, the King's, 70 Chief Baron of the, 48 Excommunication, major, for non-payment of a debt, 102 Exennia, or complimentary gifts, 16, 21 ff'., 77 f., 79, 92, 95, 113 n., 121 n., 132 Exeter, Bishop of, chapel for, at West- minster, 46 Eye, or Eybury, manor of, 59, 73, 106 Eynsham, Abbey of, 184 Fauconberg, Eustace de, Bishop of London, 47 Fecamp, 40 Feckenham, John, Abbot of Westminster, under Mary Tudor, and his breth- ren, 185, 187, 214 ff. Femoralia^ drawers, 13, 14 Ferentino, Bartholomew de, 3 Fering, Essex, manor of, 62, 181 Faversham, or Feversham, Kent, 139 Finchley, Middlesex, Abbey property in, 92 Flacones, or pancakes, provided for the Westminster monks from Easter to Trinity, 112 Flete, de Fundatione eeclesiae Westm., 5 f., 138, 143, &c. Flores Historiarum, continuation of, 70 MS. of in Chetham Library, Manchester, 144, 175 Folstone (? Folkestone), 120 Fontevrault, Abbey of, 61 Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, 28, 183 ff. Fountains Abbey, 65 Framptnn, Dorset, Priory of, 47 France, expedition of Henry V against, 105 King of, Philip the Fair, 73 Charles IV, 75 Charles V, 95 Charles VI, 107 Frere, Rev. W. H., D.D., 86 n. Friars Minors, or Franciscans, house of, London, 78 Fryth, le, manor of, Finchley, 92 Fulham, Bishop of London's chapel at, 48 Gaiola, Simon de, 46 Gascony, 49 f. Gaugeria, Nicholas de, 92 Gaveston, Piers, 61, 66, 71, 73 Geoffrey, a physician, 117 Gerinus de Sancto Egidio, 65, 70 Giffard, Godfrey, Bishoj) of Worcester, 52 Gilbert the Universal, Bishop of London, 42 Gilbertine, or Sempringham, Order, 38, 110 Glastonbury, Abbey of, 26, 61, 214, 216 Gloucester, 71, 92 Duchess of, 19 Duke of, Thomas of Woodstock, 108, 111 Gloucestershire and other western parts, Abbots' estates in, 144 Gloucestria, Mag"" Richard de, nominated to the benefice of Aldenham, 74 Glover, Robert, Somerset Herald, 85 Good Friday, see Westminster Abbey, sermons at Gostwyk, John, 181 Gravesend, Richard de. Bishop of London, 3, 60 Greenwich, 149 (Ji-egory IX, Pope, 48 Gregory XI, Pope, 93 Greneford, Henry de, deputy at a visitation by Archbishop Peckham, 65 Gresham, Sir Richard, 181 Greyfriars, London, 78 n. Greynhull, Thomas de, 80 Grub Street, Abbey property in, 13 Guiberti, Carlinus, of Florence, 51 Guienne, Duchy of, 75 Hadleigh, Suffolk, 123 Halliford, Lower, Middlesex, manor of, 55 f., 57 Hambleton, Rutland, church of, 46 f. 228 GENERAL INDEX Hampstead, manor of, 22 n., 63, 67, 78, 81, 83 Hanaper, fees to the, 103 Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 117 HarpeDden, Heiis, 57 Harston, Cambs, 76 Hartleburv, Worcs, 72 Hawley, Robert, murder of, 103, HI, 112 Headley, Surrey, manor of, 110 Hebdoraadarius niagnae Missae, 86 Hendou, Middlesex, manor of, 15, 42, 61, 77, 79, 81, 82, 84, 88, 90, 124 Hendred, East, Berks, manor of, 19 Henry I, 42 Heurv 11, 44 Henry III, 41, 48, 49, 50, 52 f., 56, 61 Henry V, 19, 27, 105, 122, 127, 135, 136, 161 Annivei-sary of, 20, 127, 138, 139, 148, 171, 174, 182 Chantry and tomb of, 19, 136, 143 Funeral of, 129 Manoi-s of, 19 f., 33, 127, 135, 138, 207 Henry VI, 8, 130, 141, 149, 167 Henry VII, 7, 158, 161, 167 Foundation of, at the Abbev, 28, 170, 172, 173 n., 177, 178,' 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 189 Manors of, 168, 181, 184 Henry VIII, 181, 186, 190 Henwood, Warwickshire, Priory of, the pi'ioress appointed by the Abbot of Westminster, 83 Hereford, 59 Thomas Millyng, Bishop of, 27, 153 Hockday, 74 Holme, convent of, 43 Holme, Beds, manor of, 19, 138 Holy Land, tenths for, 58 Honoriiis III, Pope, 48 Honorius IV, Pope, 54 Hope, Sir W. H. St John, 20 n., 143 Hungerford, Margaret, Lady, 144 Hunting, weajwus for, 86, 111, 114, 120 Hurley, Priory of St Mary at, 11, 13, 26 f., 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 59, 70, 78, 86, 91, 96, 99, 101, 104, 116, 119, 125, 146, 150, 157, 158, 161, 174, 190 Hyde, manor of la, 85, 96, 190 Innocent II, Pope, 42 Innocent VI, Pojie, 85 Isabella of France, wife of Edward II, 73 IsUi), chm'ch and manor of, 43. 45, 60, 71, 78, 186 St Edward's Chapel at, 177 IsUp Roll, the, 168 Istelepe, Walter de, clerk, 57 James, Dr M. R., Provost of King's Col- lege, Manuscripts of Westminster Abbey, 45, 113, &c. John, King, 45 John XXII, Pope, 74, 75 Jubilee, year of, 89, 104, 115, 116, 119, 124 Jumieges, Abbey of, 40 Katharine of Valois, Queen, wife of Henry V, 135, 161 Kelvedon, Essex, church and manor of, 89, 95, 181 Kersey, for stockings, 14 f. Kilbuni, Middlesex, priory of, Nuns of, 41, 42, 48, 65 Kingston-on-Thames, 141 Kitchin, Dr G. T\'., Obedientiary Rolls of Winchester, 94, 130 n. Knightsbridge, Abbey lands at, 85 Knight-service, 40 f., 46 Knowle, or la Knolle, manor of, Warws, 15, 61, 83, 181 Lacy, Henry de, Earl of Lincoln, 73 Laleham, manor of, 58 Lambeth Palace, 105 Lancastei", Duchy of, 20, 175 Langford, Beds, manor of, 19 Lanfranc, Ai-chbishop of Canterbury, 40 Langham, Rutland, 92 Langham, Thomas, fiither of Cardinal Langham, 92 Langton, Thomas, Bishop of St Da%id's, 149 Lathbury, Rev. R. H.. History of Denharn, 106, 110, 133, 140 Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, 191 Lamiton, Oxon, 176, 181 Legg, Dr J. Wickham, 100 Legh, Thomas de, Prior of Greater Malvern, 87 Leicester, Walter of, 100 f. Leland, Collectanea, 45, 113 Letcoml^e Regis, Berks, manor of, 20, 138 Lethaby, Professor W. R., Westrninstei' Abbey and the Kinqi Craftsmen, 52 f.' 61, 100 n. ' Lincoln, Bishops of, 43, 49 Lionel, Duke of Clarence, birth of, 72 n. Llandaff, X. Asshby, Bishop of, 136 A. Dunston or Kitchin, Bishop of, 184 London, 36, 5S Archdeaconry of, 55, 69 Bishop of, house of, 63 Bishop Suflragan of, 78 Bishops of, 3, 47, 48, 60, 94, 136, 186 Bishops of, relations with the Abbev, 42, 47. 48, 60, 65, 94, 103, 136' City of. Abbey rents fi'om houses and lands in, 13, 42 Cheapside, 75 Churches, payments to Abbey from, 13 Friai-s Minors, house of, 78 Guildhall, 154 Holy Trinity, house of the, 101 Mayor, Aldermen and citizens of, at Henry V's annivei-Sfin,- in the Abbey church, 20 GENERAL INDEX 229 London New Temple, 61, 62 Old Fish Street, 117 Piscaria, 44 St Alban, Wood Street, church of, 81 St Anne and St Agnes, Aldersgate, church of, 43 St Bartholomew's Hospital, 68 St Botolph, Aldersgate, parish of, 181 St Botolph's gate, 39 St Clement, Eastcheap, church of, 140 St Ethelburga, Bishopsgate, church of, 133 St Laurence, Candlewick Street, church of, 61, 84 St Magnus, London Bridge, church of, 60, 78, 117 St Margaret, Bridge Street, or New Fish Street, 78, 186 St Martin-le-Grand, church and college of, 43, 167, 168 Sion College, 162 Tower of, 11, 16, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Wood Street, Abbey property in, 97, 99, 108, 111, 119, 120, 123, 125, 131 Longchamp, William de. Bishop of Ely, 46 Longdon, Worcs, church and manor of, 66, 71 f., 78 Lote, Stephen, mason, 94 Machyn, Diary, 214 Malmesbury, William of. Miracles of the Virgin Mary, 43 Malvern, Greater, Priory of, 41, 47, 52, 54, 60, 67, 68, 74, 75, 77, 83, 85, 87, 168 Lesser, Priory of, 115 Mandeville, Geoffrey de. Sheriff of London and Middlesex, 40 f. March, Countess of, 103 Marescal, Roysia la, 69 Margaret, Queen, 2nd wife of Edward I, 64 Margaret of Anjou, Queen, wife of Henry VI, coronation of, 144 Margaret Beaufort, the Lady, Countess of Richmond, &c., 28, 158 f., 161, 176 Marshall, Henry, Bishop of Exeter, 46 Martin IV, Pope, 60 Martin V, Pope, 127 Mary Tudor, Queen, 214, 216 Matthew of Westminster, 7 Mauduit, Robert, King's Chamberlain, 45 Mauduit, William, 49 Maundy service, 68 Medical and surgical remedies, 10, 21, 63, 64, 69, 80, 86, 90, 96, 97, 98, 105, 111, 121, 123, 149, 180 Middlesex, Archdeaconry of, 55 Midleton, John, Archdeacon of Norfolk, 128 Missal, Abbot Litlington's, 86, 96, 103, 120 Cardinal Langham's, 93 Montfort, Eva de, wife of William Crispin, 40 Mordon, Surrey, church of, 61, 64, 66 Morton, John, Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, 159 Mortuary rolls or briefs, to announce deaths in the Convent, 41 f., 96, 114, 168 Moulsham, Essex, manor of, 81, 84, 181 Moulton, John, Receiver General of the Abbej' under Feckenham, 216 f. Musical instruments, 123 Musicians, 99 Mylys, John, the Ash well carrier, 125 Nankilly, John, citizen and draper, 130 Neyte, Abbot's manor of la, Westminster, 86, 106, 167, 168, 190 Nicholas, Abbot of Waltham, 45 Niger, Roger, Bishop of London, 48 Nonant, Hugh de. Bishop of Coventry, 46 Norfolk-work, cloths of, 86 North, Mr, Treasurer of Augmentations, 168 Northall, Middlesex, manor of, 19 Northampton, 52, 65, 66, 71, 84, 92, 103, 105, 117, 119, 122, 124, 126, 144 All Saints' Church, 105 Parliament at, 71 Northwold, Hugh de, Abbot of St Ed- mundsbury, 47 Norton, Robert, King's jailer, 106 Norwich, Priory of, 9, 9 n., 129 Nottingham, 71, 75 Novice, term used at Westminster of junior monks, 16 n., 21, 110, 131 Oakham, church and manor of, 46 f., 56 f., 66, 71, 74, 76, 78, 79, 82, 89, 181 Odo Aurifaber, or the Goldsmith, 46, 52 f. Offord Cluny, Hunts, manor of, 20, 138, 181 Orleans, France, 60 Sapientia, 94 Osier-bed at Westminster, yearly profits of an, 33, 107 Ostia, Italy, Bishop of, 60 Ouche of silver, an, 173 Oxford, 25 ff., 32, 60, 63, 72, 81, 86, 94, 99, 113, 116, 121, 129, 131, 144, 166, 169 Fees for degrees at, 27, 116, 121, 180, 182 Gloucester Hall or College, 26 f., 63, 89, 95, 98, 113, 130, 144, 153, 166, 169, 170, 175, 177 Chapel of, 86 Manciple of, 170 Prior of, 27, 86, 129, 177, 184 Merton Hall or College, Warden of, 116 St John's College, library of, 56 See Westminster Abbey, Monks, Stu- dents at Oxford Paddington, manor of, 58, 80 Painter, William the, monk of Westminster 53 15—3 230 GENERAL INDEX Palace, royal, fire at, 61 Monks imprisoned in, 71, 75 Palm Sunday, see Westminster Abbey, sermons at Palmere, William, Canon of Derby, 93 Palterton, John, master mason, 88 Panni nigri, or black Benedictine habit, 14 f., 82, 91, 99, 103, 109, 116, 127, 131, 179, 183 Parham, Sussex, vill and church of, 46 f. Paris, 61 Paris, Matthew, 50 Parliament at Carlisle, 66 at Northampton, 71 at Sahsbury, 102, 106 Passion Sunday, see Westminster Abbey, sermons at Peckham, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 54, 59, 60, 65 Pedules, slippers of blanket, 14 f. Peese, Alicia, action for slander against, by a monk, 128, 137 Pekyns, John, Prebendary of Westminster, 185 Pellicia alutaria, skin-coat worn by monks, 14 f., 101 Penna, Bishop of, 109 P^rigord, Cardinal de, 92 Pershore, 71 f, 84 Church of, 81 Tiddesley Park, 52 Pershore, W. de, Franciscan friar, 58 f., 60, 62, 63, 64, 65 Perton, Staffs, manor of, 46 Pestilence, the Great, 78, 82, 83, 87, 136 Peter of Cluny, Papal Legate, 41 Peterborough, Abbey of, 189 Phanon, or mauciiile, given to the Con- fessor's Shrine by John Flete, 138 Philippa of Hainault, Queen, wife of Edward III, 72 n., 79, 84 Physicians, 98, 100, 107, 117 Phyleby, Masters Robert and Adam de, 60 Picot, Geoffrey, 46 Pistor, Richard, son of Geoffrey, 65 Pittances, 10, 16, 24 n., 44, 48, 52, 79, 85, 97, 98, 102, 104, 140, 150, 158, 167 Plain-song, 163 Players, performing, 99 Poitiers, France, 65 Polychroaicon, continuator of the, 6 Portiforium, Abbot Litlington's, 86 Powick manor, Malvern, 47 Prestindene, Roger de, 60 Prick-song, 163 Prison gear of the King's Gaol, 106 Pulteney, or Pountney, John, 84 Purbeck, Dorset, quarries at, 109 Pydele, Roger de, monk of Waltham, 37 Pyrford, Surrey, manor of, 40, 58, 61 f., 63, 74, 86, 131, 141 Pyuelesdon, John de, Canon of St Paul's, 65 Quarries for stone, &c. for the Abbey, 88, 90, 109 Quasimodo geniti, introit, 58 Rackham, Rev. R. B., x, 2, 6 n., 78, 84, 85, 88, 109, 127, 130, 138, 148, 153, 154, 164, 167 Ramsey, Hunts, Abbey of, 28 Ravensdale, Derbyshire, 75 Reading, Berks, 36 Reading^ Chronicon Johannis de, ed. Tait, 6, 70, 83, 85, 92 Recreacio, a gift or " refresher," 21, 85, 86, 127, 153, 157 Reding, Richard de, apothecary, 63 Redman, Richard, Bishop of St Asaph, 148 f Regalia, list of, in 1359, 91, 97, 101 Ampulla, 149 Reigate, Surrey, quarries at, 109 Reservation, or conseruacia, Papal, 97 Richard II, 6, 17, 18, 86, 99, 100, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 128 Manors given to the Abbey by, 18-20, 104, 131, 167 Richard III, 148 f. Richmond, Edmund, Earl of, 161 Robinson, Dr J. Armitage, Dean of Wells, ix, 1 f , 6, 8, 21 n., 23 n., 38 n., 40 f., 43, 45, 47, 50, 70, 78, 82, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96 n., 97, 100, 104, 106, 113, 120, 121, 138, 141, 143, 144, 150, 158, 168, 181, 188, 189 Roches, Peter des. Bishop of Winchester, 48 Rokersbure, Walter de, a Westminster monk commemorated at Durham, 45 Rome, and the Roman Court, 5, 12, 18, 42, 49, 50, 58, 60, 62 f., 64, 66, 70, 71, 73, 74, 89, 95, 97, 100, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 114, 116, 118, 122, 159 Papal Camera, jDayments to and to officials of, 51, 60, 70, 74, 127, 148 Roothing, White, Essex, 43 Rouen, capture of, 105 Rous, William le, 69 Rovezzano, Benedetto da, sculptor, 181 Russet, for a monk's clothing, 65, 76 St Albans, Abbey of, 48, 62, 72, 81 Battle of, 160 St Christopher, relic of, 182 St Dunstan, feast of, at Westminster Abbey, 93 St Edmund the King, Canonization of, 49 Chapel of, at Westminster, 50 Statue of, 88 Translation of, 47 St Edmundsbury, Abbey of, 40, 43, 47, 105, 122, 129 St Edward the Confessor, 11, 35, 39 f., 99 Arms of, 165 GENERAL INDEX 231 St Edward the Confessor Canonization of, 42, 44 Deposition of, 93 Edith, his sister, 99 Life of, by Osbert de Clare, 42 Representation of, on a velvet hanging, 154 Ring of, 86, 104 Tomb of, opened, 41 Translation of, 93 Translation of, observed by monk- students at Islip, 177 St Etheldreda, translation of, 41 St Genevieve, Paris, Abbey of, 52 St Mary the Virgin, Feast of Assumption of, 79 Feast of Conception of, 42, 46 Girdle of, 35 n., 49 f., 72, 79, 103 Miracles of, 43 Statue of, 100 St Marychurch, William de. Bishop of London, 47 St Nicholas, feast of, 85, 86, 93 St Paul's Cathedral, 3, 34 St Paul's, Dean and Chapter of, 47, 65, 133 the Deanery, 74 the Deanery chapel, 75 St Peter ad Vincula, Feast of, 9, 48 " Saiutpetrysbotes," 106 St Thomas the Martyr, Archbishop of Canterbury, statue of, 88 St Withburga, translation of, 41 Sakeuille, John, baker, of London, 117 Salinas, Alphonsus de. Prebendary of West- minster, 186, 214 Salisbury, Bishop of, 48, 103, 104 f., 123, 128, 135 * Cathedral, prebend of Netherburychurch in, 128 Diocese of, 99 Parliament at, 102, 106 Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey, 153 Sandford, Geneal. Hist., 161 Sarum, Adam de, 77 Sarum, New, 47 Savigny, Abbey of, 41 f. Sawbridgeworth, church of, 44, 89, 95 Say, John, Speaker of the House of Com- mons, 135 Saye, Lord, Chamberlain of Henry V, 135 Scotland, 59, 61, 65, 66, 75 Scott, Dr Edward, Keeper of the Muni- ments of Westminster Abbey, ix, X, 3, 12, 141 Scott, Sir G. G., Gleanings from Westminster Ahhey, 10 n., 62, 64 "Seyny bookes," 158, &c. Sheen, Surrey, 18 Shoe-makers' bills, 183, 187, 188 Shoreditch, Sir John de, 72, 91 Shoreham, Kent, 214 Sigismund, Emperor, 105 Silk, frames for making, in the Abbey, 155 Skilla, or bell at seniors' table in the Re- fectory, 18, 24 f., 97, &c. Soothill, Beds, manor of, 19 Southam, Thomas de. Archdeacon of Oxford, executor of Cardinal Langham, 102 Speculum historiale, by Richard Circestr', 26, 100, 113 Spice plates, 141 Spices bought for the Abbot, 65 Stagiarii, aged monks, to whom sometimes was given a camera or set of rooms in the Iniarmary, 11, 32 f., 79, 126 Staines, church and manor of, 66, 79, 86 Vicar of, 186, 191 Stamina, a shirt of linen, 14 f., 29 n. Stanley, Dr A. P., Dean of Westminster, Memorials of Westminster Abbey, 1, 7 f., 153, 161, 183 Stanley, James, Bishop of Ely, 8 Stanley, Sir John, 8 Stanley, Margaret, Lady, 8 Stephen, King, 42 Stevenage, Herts, 48 Steventon, Berks, manor of, 19, 118, 122 Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 144 Stoke by Clare, Suffolk, Priory of, 104 Stokenchurch, Bucks, manor of, 19 Stragulae, bed-blankets, purchase of, 14 f. Stratford, John de. Bishop of Winchester; afterwards Archbishop of Can- terbury, 77 Stratford, Thomas de, the Brewer, 52 Streatham, Surrey, 106 Strozzi, the, Florentine bankers, 93 Studley, Warwickshire, 60 Sudbury, Suffolk, manor of, 95 Priory of St Bartholomew at, 48, 66, 68, 73, 91, 124, 163 Suffolk, Duke and Duchess of, 135 Sunbury, Midsx, manor of, 45 Surgeons, 96, 100, 114 Surgery, 67, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 87, 88, 96, 98, 99, 100, 108, 109, 112, 114, 117, 121 Surrey, Archdeacon of, 64 Sutton-under-Brailes, Warwickshire, 86 Swans, keepers of the King's, 139 "Upping" the Abbot's, 139 Synger, Richard, Prior of St Milburga, Wenlock, 163 Tabellion, or notary, 158 Table-cloths, mappae mensales de linea tela, 101, 102, 107, 108 Tait, Professor James, 6, 70, 84, 85, 92 Tallies for money, 62 Talwode, as fuel, 130 Tankeruyl, W., physician, 86 Teddington, Midsx, manor of, 45 Tenths, collection of Papal, 55, 59, 70 for the Holy Land, 58 ivv the King, 64 232 GENERAL INDEX Thames, the, inundations of, 99 Abbey walls along, 64 Tithing of Salmon, 5, 99, 100, 108, 114, 116, 117 Thames Ditton, Surrey, 61 Thirlby, Thomas, Bishop of Westminster, 184, 186 Thorn, Nicholas, Abbot of St Augustine, Canterbury, 9 Thorpe, Lines, manor of, 40 Thorpe, Rutlandshire, 50 Tiles, contract for supply of, to the Abbey, : 106 Totnes, Devon, Priory of, 174 Tout, Professor T. F., 10 n., 68, 70 Treasurers, the King's, 46, 48, 52, 93, 135 Treasury, royal, robbery of, 10, 15, 16, 61, 62, 68 Tudor, Edward, 7, 161 Tudor, Owen, 7, 161 Turks, the Abbey's contribution towards operations against the, 148 Turweston, Bucks, manor of, 15, 61, 83, 181 Church of, 83 Tynnok, Walter, farmer at Battersea, 138 Urban VI, Pope, 103 Valence, France, 71, 74, 75 Vertue, George, sculptor, 183 Vitalis, Abbot of Savigny, 41 f. Walden, Essex, Abbey of, 28, 129 Waledene, Thomas de, apothecary, 80 Walsham, Richard de, Convent attorney, 68, 70 Waltham, Holy Cross, Essex, Abbey of, 37, 45, 48, 66, 104, 122 Waltham, John de, Bishop of Salisbury, 34, 103, 104, 105, 123, 128, 135 Waltham, Little, Essex, 45 Warfield, Berks, church of, 99 Warham, Master, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, 159 Welton, Henry, mass-priest in St Katha- rine's Chapel, 88 Wenduna, William de, 43 Wenlock, Salop, 36 Priory of St Milburga, 30, 38, 60, 161, 163 Wenlok, William de, rector of St Magnus, London Bridge, 60 Westbury, Wilts, manor of, 19 Westerhara, Kent, manor of, 15, 61, 159 Westlake, Rev. H. F., St Margaret's, West- minster, X, 146, 150, 153 Westminster Abbey property in, 58, 111, 119, 120, 123, 125, 131 Bishop of Exeter's chapel, 46 Cellary of, serjeantcy in, 92 Eldcurtell, le, an island near the Abbey, 107 Westminster Eye, or Eybury, manor of, 59, 73, 106 Gaola clericorum, or gaol for clerks- convict, 96, 170, 184 Oaola Regis, 106 King's Court at, 50 Langedich, 13, 46, 53 Mill-fleet, wharf, 106 Palace of, 5 Fire at, 61 Monks imprisoned in, 71, 75 St James, Hospital of, 67, 75, 84, 135 St James's Street, 53 St Margaret, church and parish of, 41, 46, 84, 102 Churchwardens' accounts, 130, 154 Guild of the Assumption at, 140, 143, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 172 St Martin-in-the-Fields, 64, 133 St Stephen, Dean and College of, 34, 92, 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 113, 118, 133 Tothill Street, 53, 96 Westminster Abbey Abbots Accused of various crimes, 73, 130 Armour and weapons, 86, 104, 107 Benediction of, 48, 60, 74, 84, 92, 130 Burial and tombs, cost of, 61, 84, 94, 104, 168 Camera, 41, 96 Cerements, 149 Clothing, 13, 76, 85 f. Confirmation at Avignon, 73 f., 92 Confirmation at Rome, 50, 58, 60, 71, 127 Confirmation by Bishops in England, 127 Confirmation opposed by monks, 70, 71, 73, 76 Debts of, 12, 51, 55, 58, 60, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 83, 92, 130, 141 Deposition for incompetence or other grave cause, 43, 141 Dispensed from visits to Roman Court for confirmation, &c., 104 Election, 156, 157, 158 Election announced by the King to the Pope, 104 Election by compromission, see under Corapromission Election by the Holy Spirit, 74 Election examined and confirmed by Papal delegates, 48 Election, scrutators at, 169, 170 Election, sermon at, 169 Exennia given to, yearly, 22 n., 93 Funeral, 168 Installation, procession at, 167 List of, 2, 193 Manors mortgaged for payment of debts, 70, 74 GENERAL INDEX 233 Westminster Abbey Abbots Mansion, called " Cheynygates," 96, 148, 153, 167, 176 Mansion, Islip's Chapel in, 168 Mansion, Stewards or Seneschals of, hst of, 213 Mansion, Wardens of, list of, 213 Motto, heraldic, 163 Oath on election, 158 Ordinary, 98 Papal Chaplains, 49, 51 Papal dispensations to, to give first tonsure and episcopal benediction at masses, &c., 48, 49, 84 Pastoral staff, 84, 130 Pensions on resignation, 33, 127, 130, 142 Portion of the temporalities, 60, 63, 75, 84, 85, 90, 92, 93, 99, 107 Prison or " Convicthous," 184 Qualities required of, 85 Receivers or Treasurers, list of, 212 f. Seat in Presbytery, 86 Suspension from celebrating divine service, 51 Swans, 139 Treasurer, 165, 172 Western parts, estates in, 74, 144 Account-rolls of Obedientiaries, 4, 9, 13 n., 107 Almoner, 4, 23, 30, 37, 66, 93, 96, 97, 102, 107, 185 Almoners, list of, 199 f. Almonry, 45, 177 Lay-brothers of, 104 School of, 37 Altar, High, 41, 52, 61, 74, 84, 86 Altars Henry V, 136 Holy Cross, 100 n. Holy Trinrty, 91 St Benedict, 29 n., 75, 95 St Helena, 100 St Peter, 44 Ambulatory North, 122, 149, *172 South, 34, 129 Anniversaries John Blokley, 107, 148 Henry Merston, 178 Richard II and Queen Anne, 18 f., 104 John de Waltham, Bishopof Salisbury, 105 Antecapitularis locus, 83 Appropriations of churches to, 89, 178 Archdeacons, 4, 18, 49, 69, 98 f., 102, 103, 109, 118, 122, 181, 184 Apparitor of, 118 Camera of, 116 Excommunications by, 59, 102 List of, 4, 212 Westminster Abbey Archdeacons Relation of, to Abbot, 5 Seal of, 4n., 118 Arms of, 168 Attorney, 68 Auditor, under Abbot Feckenham, 216 f. Auditors of accounts, 128, 132, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 147 Bell in South Cloister, 46 Bells and bell-ringing, 17, 20, 93, 190 Books of Abbots and Monks, 45, 56, 93, 94, 113, 149, 162, 171, 172 Bourgoigne, le, 93 Camera, or Chamberlain's department, 41 Cellarers, 9, 23, 60 List of, 200 f. Cemetery, monks', 64, 135 n. Chamberlains, 9, 12 f., 14, 23, 29, 30, 41, 68, 91, 110, 154, 156 List of, 197 f. Chandler, 17 Chapels St Andrew, 130, 161 St Blaise, 7, 86, 96, 161 St Dunstan, 65 St Edmund, 50, 84 St Edward, 15, 19, 68, 104, 128, 134, 144, 148, 154, 155, 158, 160, 162, 164, 165, 182 Jewels in, lent to Henry III, 52 Jewelled ring given to, 86, 104 Marble columns, 64 Relics in, inventory of, 173 Vestments of, 138 Wardens of, 79, 93 St Erasmus, 122 Strangers', 51 Henry VII Furnishing of, 181 Our Lady's altar in, 181 Islip, 168, 181 Jesus, 168, 181 St John Baptist, 105, 112, 115, 153, 164 St John the Evangelist, 124, 149 St Katharine, 29, 44, 54, 59, 86, 88, 96, 137, 158 Picture and statues in, 88 St Martin, 128 St Mary, 45, 47, 48, 50, 53, 70, 75, 103, 138, 153 Altar of, 48, 50, 54 Garden of, 103, 104 Illumination of, 48, 50 Image of Our Lady in, 147 Vestments of, 56, 138 The Virgin's crown stolen and re- placed, 181 Wardens of, 11, 23, 29, 32, 33, 35, 50, 51, 73, 181 Wardens of, list of, 195 f. 234 GENERAL INDEX Westminster Abbey Chapels St Michael, 121 St Nicholas, 50, 101 St Paul, 54 St Thomas, 83, 111 Paintiugs in the, 8, 54 Chapter Proceedings iu, 10, 12, 17, 25, 34. 41, 45, 46, 69, 74, 99, 107, 127 Seal of, 128 Chapter House, 8, 40, 83, 112, 128, 168, 178 Locutor^' of, 83 Choir, 83, 111, 112, 178 New book for, 117 Organs in, 135 Choristers, 215 f. Christmas-tide, 116, 131, 148, 167 Churches, Wardens of the. 23, 26, 81 Churches, Wardens of the, hst of, 204 f. Cloister, 2, 41, 96. 100, 112, 124, 126 New work on, 83, 84, 88 Seat of Master of Novices in, 96 East, 83 South, 24, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47 West, 7, 183 Convent Garden. 63. 76. 190 C'onversi, or lay-brothers, 166 Copes, 52, 93, "146, 168 Curfew, 89 Customa/'i/, compiled liy Abbot Ware, 5, 9, 11, 13. 24," 29, 32, 41, 50, 52, 56 Cu^tos ordinu, i.e. the monk who presided for the dav in the Refectory, &c., 24, 67, 80^ 82, 90, 91, 95, i06 Dean and Chapter, 4, 176, 186, 189 Dean, stipend of. 190 Dedication of, pictm'e of, 54 Divinity lectures to Abbot and Convent, 190 "Domesdav" chartulary, 11, 12, 24 n., 44, 52. 60, 65, 68", 134, &c. Dormitory, 2. 83. 138 Destroyed by tire, 138, 141 For invalids, 164 Feasts, principal. 109. 114 Fire at, in 1298, 9, 61 Funeral hangings, 168 Gardener, 76 Gate-house, 85 Grangei-s, 125, 134, 138 List of, 207 f. Hebdomadarius, 86 Hostelry Door of, in Cloister, lOO Inner, 98 Hostillars, 50, 54, 101 f., 107, 108, 119 Infirmarers, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 f., 25, 26, 28, 34. 88, 9.7, 109, 137 List of, 201 Westminster Abbey Infirmarv. 32, 44, 46, 49, 53, 54. 59, 68, 80,'81, 126, 129, 141, 158, 164, 167, 175, 179, 183 Chambers or camerae in, 32, 57, 80, 82, 89, 91, 102, 103, 107, 124, 135 n. Chapel of, see Chapels, St Katharine Dailv maintenance of the sick in, 10, 167 Rebuilding of, 88 Kitchen, 50, 103, 157, 163 Kitcheners, 112, 114, 131, 154, 170, 180 List of, 204 Liber Xiger Quaternus, 8, 18 n., 39, 54 f.. 107, 121, 160 Library, 43, 45, 113 Locutory, 41, 83 Loving-cup at, 93 Misericorde, 86, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 110, 177 Misericorderer or "Coi-derer," 115, 120, 177, 180 Monk-Bailiffs, 23, 37 List of, 211 Monks Accused of immorality, 62, 119 Action for slander by, 137 Age at admission and at ordination, 23, 55-8, 167, 178, 179 Aged, care of, 32 f., 79, 126 Anniversaries granted to, 11, 46, 48, 49, 52 f., 59, 65, 85, 92, 96, 101, 104 Apostate, but retiuTiing to the Order, 94 Appointed to Bishoprics, 93, 136, 153, 184 Burial arranged by Sacrist, 29 Cemetery, 64, 135 n. Cerements. 29 Clothing, 14 f., 30, 41, 53, 65, 72, 76 82, 114, 131, 175 Coffins, 11, 29, 73 Dates of decease, 28, 29 n., 126, 137 Debts, 34, 64, 69, 77, 80, 89, 124, 133, 134, 140, 150, 160, 163, 171, 172, 173 Excommunication, 54, 58, 60, 70 First Masses, 16, 22 f., &c. Flacones or pancakes for, 112 Funeral briefs, 96, 114, 168 Funeral caudles, 108, 149 Furniture and other effects, 102, 108, 113, 117 Illegitimate, 37, 51, 138 Jimiors called novices, 16 n., 21, 100 Leave of absence, 190 Memorial Masses, 30, 88, 96 Names, change of, 123, 131, 140, 146, 152, 154, 155, 162, 184, 185, 188, 189 Names, place-names and surnames, 35 f., 117 GENERAL INDEX 235 Westminster Abbey Monks Number of, x, 10, 11, 17, 22, 36 f., 41, 102 Nurses for, 98, 111, 120, 124, 126 Offices held by, in the Convent, number of, 31 Papal dispensations, for holdins: a benefice with cure of souls, 115 125 Papal dispensations, for holding con- ventual offices, when disqualified by birth, &c., 37, 51, 138 Papal indulgences to, 62, 64, 79, 81, 89 Papal indults to choose confessors, or to have portable altars, &c., 72, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 100, 111, 112, 113, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 139 Pardon for felonies within the pre- cincts, 188 Pensions, 32 ffi, 37, 102, 103, 107, 116, 124, 128, 129, 132, 133, 139, 140, 143, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 170, 173, 177, 192 Primus senior, 100, 115, 150 Professions and vows of obedience 21, 78, 167, 178 Promotion in the Refectory, 24 f., 97, 131 Punishment for improper conduct, 119 Received from (jther Orders, 37 f. 106, 110 Removal from offices, for negligence, 146 Service for unction and burial, 29 n. Stagiarii, 11, 32 f., 79, 126 Students at Cambridge, 28, 174, 175 184 n., 188, 189, 191 ' Students at Oxford, 26 f., 32, 81, 89 94, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 108, 109, 113, 115, 116, 119, 121, 122, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 137, 138, 143, 144, 145, 152, 153, 156, 159, 166, 169, 170, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191 Students of the new foundation, 1 90 191, 192 Transferred to other Orders, 30 38 161, 163 ' ' Nave, 45, 78, 91, 100 n., 109, 127 154 167 New foundation, or college, 190 ff. New work, or Novum Opus, u\ the Nave 13, 18, 23, 32, 93, 96, 104, 107^ 109, 132, 148, 153, 164, 167, 172, 190 Wardens of, list of, 208 f. Westminster Abbey Novices Clothing of, 183 Master of, 81, 96, 111, 165, 183 Orchard, the great, 186 Organs, 99, 131, 133, 135, 168 Paintings in, 8, 54, 88, 100, 101, 112, 115 Paschal Candle, 74, 84 Petty Canons, 186, 187, 189 Pittancers, 11, 24 n., 47 List of, 207 Prebendaries, 176, 182, 183, 185, 186, 188 Precentors, 4, 29 n., 34, 43 List of, 203 f. Presbytery, 86 President, i.e. the monk who presided in the Refectory, 24 f., 185 Priors, 24, 29 n., 99, 135 Ajjpointed to act for infirm Abbot, 164, 167 Christmas gifts to, 131, 134, 135 Deprivation of, 63, 89 Double outfit and distributions for 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 32, 101 f., 107, 128, 148, 178 Election, 3, 70, 136, 155, 173, 178 Fourth Prior, 82, 148, 161, 163, 164, 165, 169 List of, 2 ff., 194 Long Chamber, 50, 59, 100 Papal confirmation of, 136 Papal "provision" of, 103 Resignation, and subsequent allow- ances, 32, 33, 101 f., 135, 148, 183 Stall of, in choir, 178 Stipend, 152, 166 Third Prior, 81, 147, 160, 164, 165 Procession way, 176 Receiver, new foundation, 149, 185, 192 Receiver General of the Abbot and Convent under Feckenham, 216 f Recluse, 32, 33, 95, 115, 125, 132, 145 Fuel and light provided for, 32, 33, 115, 125, 132, 145 Reclusorium, 32 Refectorers, 24, 108, 176, 183 List of, 202 f. Refectory, 2, 18, 24 f, 69, 86, 151, 160, 163, 176 Arrangement of tables in, 24, 95 Bell of, in South Cloister, 46 "Majesty" in, 24 President's bell or skilla in, 18, 24 f , 97, 131, &c. President's cup and knife in, 24 Revestianus, 91 Sacrists, 4, 1 1, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35 n., 44, 78, 109, 130, 134, 145, 149, 172, 189 List of, 196 f. St Dunstan's day, observance of, 93 St Laurence, statue of, 101 236 GENERAL INDEX Westminster Abbey Sanctuary taken at, 153 Schools at, 37, 79 Sedilia, 61 Sermons on Palm Sunday, and (lood Friday, 27, 113, 121, 144, 152, 153, 160, i66, 169 Shrine, St Edwai-d's, nee Chapels, St Edward Silk-looms set up in, 155 Silver-plate, jewels, &o., 52, 69, 86, 92, 94, 104, 107, 127, 130, 141, 146 Song-school at, 37 ' Stags granted from the Windsor herd, 48, 92 Sub-almoners, 147, 159, 165, 167, 169. 172, 177, 178, 180, 181 Sub-chamberlain, 14 Sub-dean, 186 Sub-hostelrv, 65 Sub-priors,' 16, 24 f., 128, 139, 143 List of, 194 f. Sub-sacrists, 147, 157, 179, 187 Succentors, 162, 173 Surrender to Henrv VIII, 176, 179, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192 Tempoi'aUties, 60, 63, 74, 75, 107 Tombs WiUiam Amondesham, 122 Richard de Berking, 48, 109 Simon de Bircheston, 83 Richard Birlyngham, 124, 126 Thomas Brown and Robert Humfrev, 172 John Cambridge, 137 William Colchester, 105 Gilbert Crispin, 41 William de Curtlington, 75 John Estney, 149 George Fa-scet, 164 Thomas de Henle, 84 Henry V, 19, 143 Wilham Humez, 47 Richard de Kedyngton, 74 Edmund Kirton, 130 Cardinal Langham, 94, 104, 119 Lam'ence, 44 Nicholas de Litlington, 86 Thomas Millyug, 153 Richard II and Queen Anne, 18 Sebert, 8, 54 Ralph Selby, 129 Reginald Shiplake, 126 Richard de Ware, 61 John Wiltou, 128 Torch-l^earers, payments to, 20 Transept, South, 75, 86 Trea-surei-s of the Convent, 4, 23, 26, 33, 34, 37. 101, 134, 169. 181 List of, 209 f. Westminster Abbey Treasurer, Domestic or Inner, 143, 166 Treasurer, new foundation, 185 Treasurers, Domestic, list of, 211 f. Treasury, 102 Triforium, 127 Vestments, 128, 138, 146, 168 Vestry, 7, 75, 86, 110 Inventory of, 100 Property wrongly removed from, 146 Warden, Cit^tos Vestibuli or Vestianits or Vesfibidarius, 87, 110, 116, 139, 144, 146, 164, 165 Vice-dei\n, 176 Virgers, 19 Visitation by Cardinal Wolsey, 168, 175 Washerman or htrir, 91, 94 AVatchmen in perilous times, 140 Westminster School, 2 Weston, Hugh, Dean of Westminster, 186 Wheathampstead. Herts, manor of, 64 Whityngton. Richard, 127 Wick, Worcs, rents of, 64, 70 Widmore, Richard, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6f., 40, 47, 55, 130, 150, 168, 189 Wilberforce, Dr Basil, late Archdeacon of Westminster, 4 n., 118 William, Dan, priest of St Margaret, W&^t- minster, 102 William the Conqueror, 40 Willingham, Cambs, 56 Winchelsey, Robert, Archbishop of Canter- bury, visitation of, 58 Winchester, 50 Bishops of, 48, 71, 75, 77 Prior of, 45, 130 Windsor, 48, 50, 72, 80, 85, 93, 104, 113. 118, 149 Forest of, 48, 92 St George's Chapel in, 104 Wolfe, General, monument in the Abliev, 149 Wolsey, Cardinal, 168, 175 Woodville, Elizabeth, Queen, wife of Edward IV. 153 Worcester, 72 Bishops of, 22, 42, 52, 191 Count}' of. Abbot's manors in, 74, 127 Priory of, 9, 22, 105, 122, 181 Worsted, purchase of, for monks' outfit, 14 Wulstan, Bishop of Worcester, 42 Wycoumbe, William de, violence to, in the Abbev, 73 Wye, 61 Yeuele, Henry, ma.son, 94 York, 70, 105 Minster, 128 Richard, Duke of, funeral of, 141 Young, Sir Charles G., 8 CAMBRIDGE : PRINTEP BY J. B. PEACE, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSrTY PRESS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 THE LIBRARY UNH^ERSITY C:- CALIFORMA LOS ANGELES UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY D 000 452 705 7 *DA 687 W5P31 •M:. I'r- 1