me -M.CCI Tlieir Prevention Gal Mining Department GIFTOF ENGLISH The purpose of this book is to teach mine workers how to prevent accidents and at the same time to teach the English language to those who cannot speak English. The lessons are arranged so that the left hand page shows how the accident happens and the page opposite shows how to prevent the accident. Red lines indicate things which never should be done. POLISH Celem, niniejszej ksi^zki jest uczyc robotnikow majnerskich, jak si$ ustrzedz wypadkow i jednocze^nie uczyc si$ po angielsku, ktorzy jeszcze angielskiego j^zyka nie znaj^. Lekcye 33. podzielone tak, ze po lewej stronie snajduje si$ objasnienie jak wypadek zachodzi, po prawej za stronie znajduje sie^ objasnienie jak, temuz zapobiedz. Czerwone linije naznaczajq. rzeczy, ktore nigdy nie powinne bye robione. LITHUANIAN Tikslu sios kningos yra mokinti majninius darbininkus, kaip apsisaugot nuo atsitikimo ir tuom pat laiku mokintis angliskos kalbos, kurie da jos nepazjsta. Lekcijos yra padalintos taip, kad is kiauros puses randasi paaiskinimai kaip atsitikimas jvyksta, o is desines puses paaiskinimai kaip nelaimes apsisaugoti. Raudonos linijos pabrieze dali- kus, kuriu. niekada nevalia daryti. ITALIAN Lo scopo di questo libro e' di insegnare ai minatori come preve- nire accidenti, ed in pari tempo, di insegnare 1'inglese a coloro che ancora non lo sanno. Le lezioni sono disposte in guisa che la pagina a sinistra dimostra come avvengono gli accidenti e la pagina opposta dimostra come prevenire gli accidenti stessi. Le righe rosse stanno ad indicare quelle cose che non dovrebbero mai esser fatte. RUSSIAN C61 KHH3KKH G - - Hay^HTH po6iTHHKiB B MailHaX HK Hein,acHHM Bnna^KaM a TaKoac MOBH THX, KOTpi el He 3HaK)TL. JIeKn;ii e ynopa^KOBam m,o jiiBa cTopona noKasye, aK Hem;acHHH BHna^oK Tpa ca, a npoTHBJieacHa CTopona noKaaye, aK Tony Bnna^KOBi sa- ^epsom pa^KH noKaayiOTt pi^n, aKiix HIKOJIH He ca Mine Accidents and tneir Prevention Illustrated hy 200 Pictures Taken in the Mines hy W. B. Bunnell Official Photographer of tne D. L. & W. R. R. Company For the Instruction or MINE -WORKERS Especially Adapted for tne Teaching of English to the Non-English Speaking People Prepared by J. H. DAGUE and S. J. PHILLIPS Secretaries for the Education of Mine \Vorkers, Young Men's Christian Association of Scranton, Pennsylvania Under the Direction of R. A. PHILLIPS, Superintendent, and C. E. TOBEY, Assistant Superintendent, Coal Mining Department, Delaware, Laekawanna and 'Western Railroad Company, Scranton, Penna. Published by the DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN RAILROAD CO. Coal Mining Department Copyrighted 1912 by The Delaware, Laekawanna & Western Railroad Co. New York City PREFACE The purpose of this book is two-fold : First, to make all Mine-Work- ers more familiar with safe methods of mining hard coal, in order that many of the more common accidents attendant upon this hazardous occupation may be avoided and the lives of the workmen may be preserved to the indus- try and to those dependent upon them. Second, to give a knowledge of colloquial English to the non-English speaking Mine- Workers in order that they may understand their orders in- telligently and thus be better able to help themselves and protect their lives against the dangers of the mine. The plan has been to incorporate in a permanent form more than two hundred pictures which have been taken in the mines and have been used with telling effect in stereopticon lectures before immense gatherings of min- ing men. The pictures have been arranged in series. Each series shows an acci- dent. The first part of the series shows how the accident happens and the last part shows how the accident might be avoided. The main principle of the lessons has been to tell the story of the pictures in a series of short, pointed sentences arranged in logical sequence so that the general flow of thought will not be broken. The plan of the Roberts' Lessons of English for Coming Americans published by the Inter- national Committee of Young Men's Christian Association, which has been used so successfully for a long time in teaching English to foreigners has been closely followed and in accordance with this scheme the verb has been given great prominence' -as. this J^.t^rt^ljcferjed the most difficult element of the language. * t ; .;.*:..; > *. The basic idea' of 'these 1 le'ssoAsjTi'am'ery, the making of series of photo- graphs to show the successive stages in the occurrence and prevention of an accident originated with R. A. Phillips, Superintendent Coal Mining Depart- ment, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, and it is due to his persistent effort that it has been possible to carry to completion the present work. Four 4 This selection of pictures was not made at random but is based on the Annual Reports of the Department of Mines of Pennsylvania. These Re- ports have been carefully studied and only those accidents which have been of most frequent occurrence and the most fruitful in loss of life or limb have been chosen for this work. These pictures have been procured with a great expenditure of money and of painstaking effort, and much time and energy have been devoted to the preparation of the lessons. Every lesson has been carefully thought through and has been arranged with the view of making the special point to the pictures stand unmistakably in the foreground so that there may be no mistaking the particular point of mine law which covers the accident in question. There has been appended to the mining lessons a number of lessons on American Citizenship especially prepared for this book by W. J. Torrey, Esq., who has been closely connected with the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation work for Immigrants in Scranton, Pa. It is earnestly desired that all into whose hands this book may come will do their part in helping it to accomplish the good for which it is intended. J. H. D. 247503 Five 5 NOTE TO TEACHERS It is not expected that these lessons will give the men a complete mastery of English, but they are intended to give the Non-English speaking miner a good understanding and use of the language used in the mines. To get best results the teacher will observe that in every lesson three distinct steps must be followed. (1st) Conversation based on the pictures; (2nd) Reading the lesson ; (3rd) Writing the lesson. The picture is the soul of the lesson and contains all the material treated in the lesson. Before any attempt whatever is made at reading the lesson, it should be thoroughly mastered in conversation, according to the principles used in teaching the Roberts' System. The facts shown in the picture should be brought to the attention of the pupil by such questions as What do you see in this picture? What is the miner doing? With what is the miner drilling the hole, etc.? In every case require that the pupil give a full and complete sentence in reply and not merely a single word. Lead him to say I see a miner in this picture. The miner is drilling a hole. He is drilling a hole with a drill, etc. The teacher should also make extensive use of the questions at the end of each lesson, for in this way, he can best determine how fully the con- tent of the lesson has been grasped by the pupil. After the lesson has been completely mastered in conversation the reading of the lesson should begin. But little difficulty will be experienced in reading after the conversation has been mastered. Then after the pupil learns to read the lesson he is ready to begin the writing of the lesson. Much of the written work can be practiced at home by the pupil. If the above course of procedure is carefully and faithfully followed, the pupil will soon learn enough idiomatic English to help him greatly in his work and be of every day practical use. Six e ALPHABET a b c d e f g <3T / u P Q R S T U V W X <* r^ ^ V W X Seven Miner Drilling Hole Lighting the Squib Examining Results of Shot Fall of Roof on Miner is drilling cleans out puts lights goes back comes back try examine falls is broken FAILURE TO EXAMINE ROOF AFTER A SHOT The miner is in the chamber. He is drilling a hole in the face. He cleans out the hole with a scraper. He puts the powder into the hole. He lights the squib. He goes back to the cross-cut. The miner comes back to the face. He does not try the rock with his bar. He goes in to examine the face. The rock is bad and falls on him. The miner's back is broken. What is the miner doing? What does he put into the hole? What does the miner do after he lights the squib? Did the miner try the roof? What happened when the miner went under the bad roof? DON'T FAIL TO EXAMINE THE ROCK AFTER EVERY SHOT. Eight Miner Testing Roof Miner and Laborer Pull Down Roof Miner Examines Face in Safety has gone off comes back tries is bad calls pull down is safe takes out examine EXAMINING ROOF AFTER FIRING A SHOT The shot has gone off. The miner comes back to the face. He tries the rock with his bar. The rock is bad. The miner calls the laborer. The miner and laborer pull down the bad rock. Now the chamber is safe. The miner takes out the coal without harm. The miner must always examine the rock after a shot. What is the miner doing with his bar? Is the rock bad? What are the miner and laborer doing? Is the chamber safe now? Can the miner take out the coal without harm? What must the miner do after every shot? ALWAYS EXAMINE THE ROCK AFTER A SHOT. Nine 9 Miner Knocks Out Prop With Hammer Rock Falls on Miner stands made of holds up knock out raises strikes knocked out falls down falls on killed KNOCKING OUT A PROP WITH A HAMMER The prop stands in the chamber. The prop is made of wood. The prop holds up the rock. The miner will knock out the prop. The miner raises the hammer. He strikes the prop with the hammer. The prop is knocked out. The prop falls down. The rock falls on the man. The man is killed. Of what is the prop made? What does the miner want to do? Is there loose rock over the prop? With what does the miner strike the prop? When the prop falls what happens? Is the miner killed? Is it safe to knock out a prop with a hammer? Why is it not safe? NEVER KNOCK OUT THE PROP WITH THE HAMMER. Ten 10 Building Collar Beside Prop Preparing to Blow Out Prop With Dynamite STANDING A will lay is in must knock out is not put up drives knocks out holds up is safe ties fixes lights goes back burns explodes knocks out Prop After Shot Went Off COLLAR BESIDE PROP OR KNOCKING OUT PROP WITH DYNAMITE The miner wnl lay more road. This prop is in the way. The miner must knock out the prop. The roof is not safe. He must first put up a collar. He drives in wedges to tighten the collar. Now the miner knocks out the prop with the hammer. The collar now holds the roof up. The miner is safe. The miner ties a stick of dynamite to the prop. He fixes a cap and fuse in the dynamite. The miner lights the fuse. He goes back to a cross-cut. The fuse burns slowly. The cap explodes, and puts off the dynamite. The exploding dynamite knocks out the prop. KNOCK OUT PROPS WITH DYNAMITE. Eleven 11 Two Props Standing and Miner Lighting Squib Props Are Knocked Out by Shot see hold up tamped lights shouts runs back goes off returns blown out examine goes into falls injured Miner Hurt by Fall of Rock PROPS KNOCKED OUT BY A SHOT We see two props in this chamber. The props hold up the top. The hole has been tamped. The miner lights the squib. The miner shouts, "Fire ! Fire !" He runs back to the cross-cut. The shot goes off. The miner returns to the face. He finds the props are blown out. He does not examine the top. He goes into the face. The top falls on him. He is injured. What is the miner in the picture doing? Where does he go? What hap- pens to the props? Did he examine the top? Is this a careful miner? DON'T FAIL TO EXAMINE THE TOP AFTER EVERY SHOT. Twelve 12 has returned are down examines finds must make calls put back is safe can load Miner Examines Roof After Shot Miner and Laborer Replacing Props REPLACING PROPS AFTER A SHOT The miner has returned to the face. He finds the props are down. He examines the roof with his drill. He finds the top is bad. The miner must -make the top safe. He calls his laborer. The miner and laborer put the props back in place. The chamber is now safe. Now the laborer can load his coal. This is a careful miner. What is the miner doing in this picture? What does he do with the bad top? Is it safe to work under bad top? Should the laborer begin to load coal before he knows the top is safe? ALWAYS EXAMINE THE TOP AFTER A SHOT. Thirteen Bad Roof Under Which a Car of Clean Coal Is Lying Laborer Loading the Coal is trying does not want does not pull is not safe is not careful comes begins to load falls is hurt Laborer Covered by Fall of Rogf WORKING UNDER BAD ROCK Here is a car of clean coal. The miner is trying the rock above the coal. The rock is not good. The miner does not want to dirty the coal. He does not pull down the bad rock nor set a prop. The chamber is not safe. The miner is not careful. The car comes into the chamber. The laborer begins to load the clean coal. The bad rock falls on him. The laborer is badly hurt. Is there clean coal beside the road? What is the miner doing? Is the rock above the coal good? Why does the miner not pull down the bad rock? Is this a careful miner? Is this chamber safe? W'hat is the laborer doing? What happens to the laborer? DON'T FAIL TO MAKE THE ROOF SAFE. fourteen 14 Barring Down Bad Roof Standing Prop Under Bad Roof is above must make can make can stand stands can bar down will dirty helps is safe can clean Men Clearing Away Fallen Roof MAKING ROOF SAFE Bad rock is above this clean coal. The miner must make this place safe. He can make the place safe in two ways. First, he can stand a prop under the bad rock. If he stands a prop the rock will not dirty the coal. Second, the miner-can bar down the bad rock. This will dirty the coal. The miner helps the laborer put the big pieces in the gob. The place is now safe. Now the laborer can clean and load the coal. Is it safe for the laborer to load this coal? Why? Are there two ways to make the place safe? What is the first way to make the place safe? If the miner sets a prop will the coal be dirtied? What is the safest way to make the place safe? Can the laborer clean and load the coal in safety now? Is this a careful miner? ALWAYS MAKE SURE THE ROOF IS SAFE. Fifteen 15 Fire-boss and Miner Testing Roof Fire-boss Tells Miner to Stand Prop Under Roof Miner and Laborer Smoke Before Obeying Order Miner and Laborer Under Fall of Roof are hangs over are testing is safe orders goes away sit down falls MINER NEGLECTING ORDERS Here are the fire-boss and the miner. This rock hangs over the road. The miner and the fire-boss are testing it. The rock is not safe. The fire-boss orders the miner to put that prop under the rock. The fire-boss goes away. The miner and the laborer sit down to smoke before they stand the prop. The loose rock falls on them. What does the fire-boss tell the miner to do? Does the miner obey the fire-boss at once? What are the miner and laborer doing? What happened to them while they smoked? Should the fire-boss wait till the prop is placed? MINER, DON'T DELAY MAKING YOUR PLACE SAFE. Sixteen 16 Fire-boss Waits to See Orders Carried Out tests tells does waits knows must be helps FIRE-BOSS SEES THAT ORDERS ARE OBEYED The miner tests the rock and finds it is not safe. The fire-boss tells the miner to stand a prop under the bad rock. The fire-boss does not go away. He waits until the prop is stood. Now the fire-boss knows the men are not in danger. The fire-boss must be sure every place is safe. Every careful miner and laborer helps to prevent accidents. What are the miner and laborer doing? Why does the fire-boss not go away? Who .must be sure that every place is safe? Who can help to prevent accidents? FIRE-BOSS, SEE THAT YOUR ORDERS ARE OBEYED PROMPTLY. Seventeen 17 Miner Drilling Hole Before Shooting Down Rock Over Clean Coal Laborer Telling Miner Not to Dirty Coal Miner Ready to Go Home Warns Laborer to Be Careful Laborer Covered by Fall of Rock MINER LEAVING CHAMBER IN UNSAFE CONDITION has cleaned is dangerous wishes are drilling brings wants does want says does wish tells begins falls is killed The laborer has cleaned this coal. The rock above this clean coal is dangerous. The miner wishes to blow down the rock. The miner and laborer are drilling a hole in the rock. The miner brings a stick of dynamite. The miner wants to blast the rock at once. The laborer does not want the miner to fire the shot now. The laborer says, "The rock will dirty this coal." The miner does not wish to dirty the coal. The miner tells the laborer to be careful and then he goes home. The laborer begins to load the coal. This rock falls on him. The laborer is killed. What does the miner want to do? Why does the laborer not want the rock blown down? What does the miner say just as he starts home? Does the laborer load coal under the dangerous rock? What happens to the laborer? Should the miner have blasted the rock before he went home? Who is to blame when the chamber is not safe? MINER, DON'T GO OUT UNTIL THE ROOF IS MADE SAFE. Eighteen 18 Miner Drilling Hole Before Shooting Down Rock Over Clean Coal Miner and Laborer Taking Rock Off of Clean Coal MINER MAKES CHAMBER SAFE BEFORE GOING HOME is dangerous will blow down are drilling gets puts lights goes off is blasted falls safe is hanging helps goes cleans can load The rock above this clean coal is dangerous. The miner will blow down this bad rock. The miner and laborer are drilling a hole in the rock. The miner gets a stick of dynamite. He puts the dynamite in the hole and tamps it. He then lights the fuse and runs back to the cross-cut. The dynamite goes off. The bad rock is blasted down. The rock falls on top of the clean coal. The chamber is now safe. Now there is no bad rock hanging above the coal. The miner helps the laborer to remove the large pieces of rock. The miner goes home knowing the laborer is safe. The laborer now cleans the coal again. Now the laborer can load the coal in safety. Is the rock above the clean coal dangerous? What are the miner and laborer doing? What will the miner do with the dynamite? What does the miner do after he lights the fuse? Does the dynamite blow down the bad rock? Where does the rock fall? Does the miner help remove the large pieces of rock? Is the laborer safe when the miner goes home? MINER, MAKE THE CHAMBER SAFE BEFORE YOU GO HOME. Nineteen 19 Taking Needle Out of Hole Laborer Comes Back to Face Before Miner Laborer Under Fall has tamped is taking goes back lights shouts has gone off returns has been did examine went under came down LABORER COMES BACK FIRST AFTER SHOT The miner has tamped the hole. He is taking the needle out of the hole. The laborer goes back and shouts, "Fire ! Fire !" The miner lights the squib. The miner runs back and shouts, "Fire ! Fire !" The shot has gone off. The laborer returns first to the face. The rock has been loosened by the shot. The laborer did not examine the roof. He went under the bad rock to work. The rock came down and caught the laborer. What has the miner done? What is he doing now? What will he do after he lights the squib? After the shot goes off who returns first to the face? Should the miner or laborer go to the face first? Was the place safe for the laborer? DON'T FAIL TO EXAMINE THE ROOF AFTER EVERY SHOT. Twenty 20 Miner Examines Face Before Laborer Enters Barring Down Bad Roof has gone off returns tries finds pull down pull down is safe loads must THE MINER MAKES THE CHAMBER SAFE The shot has gone off. The miner returns first to the face. The miner tries the roof. He finds the rock has been loosened. The miner and laborer- pull down the loose rock. They pull down the ro'ck with their bars. The chamber is now safe. The laborer now loads out the coal. The miner must always see that the chamber is safe for the laborer. Who goes back first after the shot? What does the miner do? Did the miner find loose rock? With what do the miner and laborer pull down the rock? Who must see that the chamber is safe? EXAMINE THE ROOF AFTER EVERY SHOT. Twenty-one 21 Driver Sliding Foot on Rail Foot Entering Frog Driver's Foot Under Car is coming is sitting is sliding comes is is caught shouts does stop is held is pulled runs over is broken not safe DRIVER SLIDING FOOT ON RAIL The driver is coming with a car of coal. The driver is sitting on the bumper. He is sliding his foot on the rail. The car comes to a branch. There is a frog at every branch. The driver's foot is caught in the frog. The driver shouts, "Whoa !" at the mule. The mule does not stop. The driver's foot is held fast. . He is pulled from the bumper to the ground. The car runs over his leg. The driver's leg is broken. It is not safe for the driver to slide his foot on the rail. How is the driver riding on the car? Is he sliding his foot on the rail? What happens when he comes to the frog? Does the mule stop? Does the car run over his leg? Is his leg broken? Is it safe for the driver to slide his foot on the rail? DON'T SLIDE YOUR FOOT ON THE RAIL. Twenty-two 22 Driver In Standing Position on Bumper is coming is pulling is far is standing passes is safe is broken should stand DRIVER RIDING IN PROPER POSITION The driver is coming with a car of coal. The mule is pulling the car. The car is not far from the branch. ^ The driver is standing on the bumper. The car passes over the frog. The driver is safe. His leg is not broken. The driver should stand on the bumper when the car is moving. Is the driver coming with a car of coal? Is the car near the branch? What is there at every branch? How is the driver riding on this car? Does he pass the frog if he stands on the bumper?. How should the driver ride on the car? DRIVER, ALWAYS STAND ON BUMPER OF A MOVING CAR. Twenty-three 23 Runner Runs Car Into Face; Props Too Close to Road Runner Between Prop and Car is going must sprag stood is not must run to pass is caught is crushed PROPS STANDING TOO NEAR THE ROAD This car is going into the face. The runner must sprag the car. The miner stood the props too near the road. There is not enough room between the track and the props. The runner must run between the car and the props. There is not enough room for the car to pass the runner. The runner is caught between the car and the prop. The runner is crushed to death. What is the runner doing? Must the runner run between the car and the props? Is there enough room between the track and the props? Who stood the props too near the track? What happened when the car was passing the props? Is the runner killed? Should the props be farther from the track? MINER, DON'T STAND PROPS LESS THAN THREE FEET FROM THE ROAD. Twenty-four 24 Miner Standing Prop With Gauge Runner Runs Car Into Face Runner Between Derailed Car and Props PROPS STANDING THREE FEET FROM THE RAIL is coming runs ahead is plenty stood passes sprags is safe has measures A car is coming into the face. The runner runs ahead to sprag the car. There is plenty of room between the track and the props. The miner stood these props three feet from the track. The car passes the runner. The runner sprags the car. There is plenty of room and the runner is safe. The miner has a three-foot gauge. He measures between the track and the prop with the gauge. What is the runner doing? Has he plenty of room here? Does the car pass the runner? Is the runner safe? How far are these props from the track? How does the miner know the props are three feet from the track? How long is the gauge? ALWAYS STAND YOUR PROPS THREE FEET FROM THE RAIL. Twenty-live 25 Car on Pitch Improperly Blocked Driver and Mule Coming Up Gangway Road is on is in has loaded is steep is blocked is came out runs down are corning are coming caught is caught is thrown are injured Driver and Mule Caught By Car CAR IMPROPERLY BLOCKED ON PITCH This chamber is on the pitch. The car is in the face. The laborer has loaded the car. The road is very steep. The car is not blocked in the right way. There is only a very small block under the wheel. This block came out. The loaded car runs down the steep track. The driver and the mule are coming up the gangway road. They are coming toward this chamber. The runaway car caught the driver and the mule. The mule is caught between the cars. The driver is thrown to the ground. Both are badly injured. Where is this chamber? Where is this car? Is the car loaded? Is the road steep? Is the car blocked in the right way? What happens when the block comes out? What is coming up the gangway road? Can the driver and the mule get out of the way? What happens to the driver and mule? DON'T FAIL TO BLOCK YOUR CARS PROPERLY. Twenty-six 26 Car Properly Blocked CAR PROPERLY BLOCKED ON PITCH is on : This chamber is on the pitch. is in : The car is in the face, is loaded : It is loaded with coal. The car is blocked in the right way. There is a block in front of each wheel. There is a sprag in each wheel. There is a clevis block on the rail. A strong tie is in front of the car. is blocked : The car is safely blocked, get away : It cannot get away to run down the grade. No one is in danger now. Where is this chamber? Is this loaded car in the face? Is this car blocked in the right way? What is in front of each wheel? What is in each wheel? What is on the rail? What is in front of the car? Can this car get away? Is any one in danger now? ALWAYS BLOCK YOUR CARS PROPERLY. Twenty-seven 97 Motorman Goes Down Grade Without Examining Brakes and Sand Motor Derailed at Foot of Grade MOTOR STARTING DOWN GRADE WITHOUT SAND There is a sand box on the motor. is put Sand is put on the track where it is steep. do slip When sand is on the track the wheels do not slip. can stop If there is plenty of sand the motorman can stop the motor. Sometimes there is no sand in the box. is taking The motorman is taking- out a trip of loaded cars. comes He comes to the top of a grade, is steep The track is very steep, does stop The motorman does not stop the trip, get off The helper does not get off to examine the brakes. There is no sand in the box. starts The trip starts down the grade, cannot stop The motorman cannot stop it. slip The wheels slip on the rails, goes fast The trip goes too fast, jumps The motor jumps from the track, are thrown The motorman and helper are thrown off. are killed They are both killed. Twenty-eight 28 Helper Examines Sand and Brakes at Top of Grade Motor Safe at Foot of Grade With Trip comes is steep stops gets off there is are goes down can stop go down come pushes takes out takes The trip comes to the top of the grade. The track is very steep. The motorman stops the motor. The helper gets off and examines the sand box and the brakes. There is sand in the box. The brakes are in good order. The trip goes down the grade. The motorman can stop the motor now. They go slowly down the grade. They come safely to the bottom. The motorman pushes the cars back. The helper takes out the sprags. The motorman takes the trip to the foot. Is there a sand box on the motor? What is the sand used for? Do the wheels slip when sand is on the track? Is sand always in the box? Can the motorman stop the motor if there is plenty of sand? Does the motorman stop the motor at the top of the grade? What does the helper do? Is there sand in the box? Does the trip go slowly down the grade? Do they get down safely? Where do they take the trip? BRAKEMAN, EXAMINE THE BRAKES AND SAND BEFORE STARTING DOWN A GRADE. Twenty-nine 29 Miner Working in Dip Without Clevis Block on Rail Runner Running Car Into Chamber Car Off End of Track Catches Miner Against Face CHAMBER ON THE DIP WITHOUT CLEVIS BLOCK ON THE RAIL is in working out to leave runs sprags to stop runs over runs into is at work is caught cannot get away is killed This chamber is in the dip. The miner is working out the face. There is no clevis block on the rail. It is very dangerous to leave this block off. The runner runs a car into the chamber. The runner sprags the car. There is no block on the rail to stop the car. The car runs over the end of the track. It runs into the face of the chamber. The miner is at work. The miner is caught between the top rock and the cai He cannot get away. He is killed. Where is this chamber? What is the miner doing? Has the miner put the clevis block on the rail? Is it dangerous for the miner to leave the block off? Who comes with a car? Does the runner know the block is off the rail? Where does the car go? Can the miner get away? What happens to him? DON'T LEAVE THE CLEVIS BLOCK OFF THE RAIL. Thirty 30 Miner Working in Dip With Block Properly on Rail is in has put is safe working out brings sprags comes has plenty catch is safe must keep CLEVIS BLOCK ON THE RAIL This chamber is in the dip. The miner has put the clevis block on the rail. The chamber is now safe. The miner is working out the face. The runner brings a car into the face. He sprags the car. The car comes against the clevis block and stops. The miner has plenty of room now. The car cannot catch the miner. The miner is safe. The miner must always keep the car blocked at the face. Where is this chamber? What is the miner doing? Has the miner put the clevis block on the rail? Who comes with a car? What does the runner do to the car? What happens when the car hits the block? Can the car catch the miner? Is the miner safe? Should the miner keep the block on the rail? ALWAYS KEEP THE CLEVIS BLOCK ON THE RAIL. Thirty-one 31 is on is at has drilled wants is near will damage run down does wait try is steep is heavy cannot hold slips falls passes over Miner and Laborer Letting Car Down From Face Laborer Fallen Under Car A MINER RUNNING A CAR This chamber is on the pitch. This car is at the face of the chamber. The miner has drilled a hole. He wants to fire a shot. The car is too near the face. The shot will damage the car. The car must be run down from the face. The miner does not wait for the runner to come. The miner and laborer try to let the car down themselves. The road is very steep. The car is too heavy for them. They cannot hold it back. The laborer's foot slips. He falls under the car. The car passes over his body. Where is this chamber? What is the miner going to do? Can he leave the car at the face? Does he wait for the runner? What are the miner and laborer doing? What happens to the laborer? f MINER, DON'T RUN CARS. Thirty-two 32 Miner Waited Until Runner Came THE RUNNER RUNNING A CAR FOR THE MINER is on is ready is near do let to move is steep wait comes waits takes starts down sprags stops are safe is away can fire This chamber is on the pitch. The miner is ready to fire a shot. This car is too near the face. The miner and laborer do not let the car down themselves. It is not safe for the miner to move the car. The grade is very steep and the car is very heavy. They wait till the runner comes. The runner comes to the place. The runner waits beside the track ready to sprag the car. The laborer takes the blocks from before the wheels. The car starts down the grade. The runner sprags the car. The car soon stops. The miner and laborer are both safe. The car is away from the face. Now the miner can fire the shot. Do the miner and laborer run this car? Who comes to run the car for them? What is the work of the runner? MINER, ALWAYS LET THE RUNNER RUN THE CARS. Thirty-three 33 Driver Riding on Bumper With Back Turned Toward Front Driver, Knocked From Bumper, Fallen Under Car HELPER RIDING BACKWARD ON A TRIP Here is a door on the roadway, is open : The door is open. is coming : A trip of cars is coming along the road, passes : The trip passes through the doorway, is riding : The helper is riding on the front end of the trip, is standing : He is standing on the bumper. The helper's back is toward the door. There is a sill over the door. cannot see : The helper cannot see the sill, strikes : The helper's head strikes the door sill. is knocked : He is knocked from the bumper, falls : He falls before the trip, passes : The trip passes over his body. Is there a door at this place? What is coming along the roadway? Where is the helper riding? Is the helper standing on the bumper? Is his face toward the door? What is above the door? Can the helper see the door sill? Does his head strike the sill? Is he knocked from the bumper? What happens to the helper? HELPER, DON'T RIDE BACKWARDS ON THE TRIP. Thirty-four 34 Driver Riding on Bumper With Face Turned Forward IS coming is over is on is standing is toward can see passes stoops over does strike passes on can protect HELPER RIDING FORWARD ON A TRIP A trip of cars is coming along the road. A sill is over the door. The helper is on the front end of the trip. He is standing on the bumper. His face is toward the door now. He can see the door sill. The trip passes through the door. The driver stoops over. His head does not strike the sill. He passes on safely. When the driver can see he can protect himself. What do you see in this picture? Is the trip coming through the door? Is the driver riding on the front end of the trip? What is over the doorway? Can the driver see the sill now? Does the driver get through the door safely? HELPER, ALWAYS RIDE WITH YOUR FACE TOWARD THE FRONT. Thirty-five 35 Motor Coming Through Doorway With Trip of Cars Doorboy Jumping on Motor While in Motion is coming there is stays is closed sounds opens moves along jumps off directs does not go gets on moves tries falls runs over is killed Doorboy Under Motor DOORBOY TRYING TO GET ON A MOTOR The motor is coming along the roadway. There is a door on the gangway road. A doorboy stays by the door. The door is closed. The motorman sounds the alarm. The doorboy opens the door. The motor moves along slowly. The helper jumps off to one side. The helper directs the doorboy to a safe place. The boy does not go there. The helper gets on the motor. The motor moves more rapidly. The doorboy tries to get on the moving motor. The boy falls under the motor. The motor runs over the boy. He is killed. What is on the gangway road here? Who stays by the door? What does the boy do when a triptcomes along? What is the helper doing here? Does the boy go to a safe place? What does the boy try to do? Does the boy get on the motor? What happens to him? DOORBOY, NEVER TRY TO GET ON THE MOTOR. Thirty-six 36 sounded opened comes jumps off motions steps passes gets on remains has gone closes must leave is closed will get is safe sits down Doorboy Standing in Place of Safety Doorboy Closing Door After Trip DOORBOY KEEPING IN A SAFE PLACE The motorman sounded his alarm. The doorboy opened the door. The motor comes along the roadway. The helper jumps off the motor. He motions the doorboy to a safe place. The doorboy steps behind the pillar. The motor passes through the doorway. The helper gets on the motor. The doorboy remains in the safe place till the motor has gone. Xow the doorboy closes the door. He must not leave the door open. If the door is not closed some of the miners will get no air. The boy is safe now. He sits down to wait until another trip comes along. What does the doorboy do when the alarm sounds? Does the doorboy go to a safe place? After the motor passes by what must the boy do? If the door is not closed what will happen? Is the boy safe now? Should the door- boy ever try to get on a moving motor? DOORBOY, ALWAYS KEEP IN A SAFE PLACE. Thirty-seven 37 has fired blown out has returned has examined takes is picking was loosened is picking falls crushes Miner Picking Out "Stump" After a Shot, Without Testing Roof Top-rock Fallen on Miner MINER WORKING UNDER BAD TOP-ROCK The miner has fired a shot in this chamber. The coal has been blown out. The miner has returned to the face from the cross-cut. The miner has not examined the roof. The miner takes his pick and goes under the bad top-rock. The miner is picking out a large "stump" of coal. The top-rock is not good. It was loosened by the shot. While the miner is picking out the coal the rock falls on him. The fall of rock crushes and kills the miner. This was not a careful miner. Has a shot been fired in this chamber? Where was the miner when the shot went off? Did the miner test the top-rock when he returned from the cross-cut? What did the miner do when he came back to the face? Was the top-rock safe? What happened while the miner was picking out the coal? Was this a careful miner? DON'T FAIL TO EXAMINE THE TOP-ROCK AFTER EVERY SHOT. Thirty -eight 38 is shown has been fired has returned wants to pick examines finds makes can make can stand holds up picks out can drill can shoot is shot Miner Working After Having Stood Props Miner Preparing to Blast Down Bad Top MINER MAKING THE CHAMBER SAFE A careful miner is shown here. A shot has been fired in this chamber. The miner has returned from the cross-cut. The miner wants to pick the "stump" of coal. He examines the top-rock before he goes under it. He finds the top-rock is not safe. Before he goes under the rock he makes it safe. The miner can make this rock safe in two ways. The miner and laborer can stand a heavy prop under this rock. The prop holds up the rock. The miner now picks out the coal in safety. The miner and laborer can drill a hole in this top-rock. Then the miner can shoot down the bad rock. After the rock is shot down the miner goes into the face in safety. What -has happened in this chamber? What does the miner want to do? Is the top-rock good? In how many ways can the miner make the place safe? What other way can the miner make the chamber safe? Is this miner very careful? ALWAYS BE SURE TO MAKE THE TOP-ROCK SAFE. Thirty-nine 39 Lighting Squib to Fire a Shot Delayed Shot Goes Off Just as Miner Returns to Face MINER RETURNING TO FACE AFTER A "MISS SHOT" has drilled has put is lighting lights waits does hear waits does go off returns to examine goes off is killed The miner has drilled a hole in the face. He has put in the powder and tamped the hole. Now he is lighting the squib with the touch paper. After the miner lights the squib he runs back to the cross-cut. He waits for the shot to go off. He does not hear the shot go off. The miner waits at the cross-cut about fifteen minutes. The shot does not go off. The miner returns to the face. The miner goes to examine the hole. The shot goes off in the miner's face. He is instantly killed by the flying coal. Has the miner tamped this hole? What is the miner doing in the first picture? After he lights the squib what will the miner do? Does the shot go off at once? How long does the miner wait at the cross-cut? What happens when the miner goes to examine the hole? Is the miner killed? DON'T GO BACK TO THE FACE AFTER A "MISS SHOT." Forty 40 Miner Putting Up Notice After a r< Miss Shot Miner Reporting a Miss-fire Before Going Home for the Day MINER GOING HOME AFTER A "MISS SHOT" has lighted The miner has lighted the squib. went back He went back to the cross-cut. waited He waited about fifteen minutes at the cross-cut. go off The shot did not go off. does return The miner does not return to the face. gets The miner gets his coat and dinner pail and goes home. tells The miner tells the men in the next chambers that there is a miss-fire. puts At the entrance to the chamber he puts a board across the road. This board is three feet from the ground, writes The miner writes on the board with chalk, "Keep out Danger Miss-shot." goes The miner then goes to the foreman's office. reports He reports to the foreman or fire-boss. goes home The miner goes home, works He works no more that day. goes off If the shot goes off now it can hurt no one. What did the miner do after he lighted the squib? Did the shot go off? How long did he wait at the cross-cut? What did he do after he waited about fifteen minutes? What did he put across the road at the entrance to the chamber? What did he write on the board? To whom did he report at the office? Did the miner go home? Did he work any more that day? ALWAYS GO HOME AFTER A MISS-SHOT. Forty-one 41 Miner Shortening Squib Miner Lighting Shortened Squib has drilled has prepared takes sits down shortens go off tamps puts lights starts does not get burns goes off hits is killed Miner Shot in Back SHORTENING A SQUIB The miner has drilled a hole in the face. He has prepared the cartridge. Now he takes a squib out of the box. He sits down and shortens the squib. He shortens the squib because he wants to save time. The shot will go off quicker with a short squib. The miner puts the squib in a dry place while he tamps the hole. He puts the shortened squib in the hole. He lights the squib with the touch paper. He starts to run to the cross-cut. He does not get to the cross-cut. The squib burns too quickly. The shot goes off. The flying coal hits the miner in the back. The miner is killed by the flying coal. Is this hole ready to tamp? What is the miner doing to the squib? Does he put the shortened squib into the hole? After he lights the squib what does he do? Does the miner get to the cross-cut? What happens to the miner? DON'T SHORTEN YOUR SQUIB. Forty-two 42 Miner Flagging Squib is ready has made takes sits down unrolls examines does shorten puts lights runs back burns has time waits goes off returns is safe FLAGGING A SQUIB This miner is ready to tamp a hole. He has made the cartridge ready. He takes a squib out of the box. He sits down on the bench. He unrolls the end of the squib. The miner examines the squib to see if any powder is in the end of it. The miner does not shorten the squib. The miner puts the squib into the hole. He lights the squib with the touch paper. He runs back to the cross-cut. The squib burns slowly now. The miner has plenty of time. After the miner gets to the cross-cut he waits a few minutes. The shot goes off. The miner returns to the face. The miner is safe. Did this miner shorten his squib? What did this miner do to the squib? Was he sure the squib would burn a few minutes? Did the miner have plenty of time to reach the cross-cut? Was the miner safe? ALWAYS FLAG YOUR SQUIB BUT NEVER SHORTEN IT. Forty-three 43 Miner Preparing Two Holes Miner Lighting Two Holes have drilled has been tamped are tamping is tamped has lighted is lighting go back hear thinks goes into gets is killed Miner Returning to Face in Time to be Caught by Second Shot FIRING TWO HOLES The miner and laborer have drilled two holes. The hole behind the miner has been tamped. The miner and laborer are tamping the other hole. When this hole is tamped both needles are drawn out. The miner has lighted one squib. Now he is lighting the second squib. The miner and laborer go back to the cross-cut. They soon hear a shot go off. The miner thinks both shots went off at the same time. The miner goes into the face. "When the miner gets to the face the second shot goes off. The miner is killed by the flying coal. What have the miner and laborer done? Where is the second hole? Does the miner light both squibs at the same time? What does the miner hear from the cross-cut? Have both shots gone off? What happens when the miner goes back to the face? NEVER FIRE MORE THAN ONE SHOT AT A TIME. Forty-fou 44 Miner Firing One Hole Miner Drilling Second Hole After Firing First One is working wants drills is put tamp lights goes off returns drills tamps drilled blown out are safe was danger FIRING ONE HOLE AT A TIME Here is a careful miner. He is working in the face. He wants to fire two shots. He drills one hole into the face on one side of the chamber. The cartridge is then put into this hole. The miner and the laborer tamp this hole. The miner lights the squib and goes back to the cross-cut. The shot goes off. The miner returns to the face and drills another hole in the other side of the chamber. He then tamps and fires this hole. Now both holes have been drilled and fired. The coal is blown out on both sides of the chamber now. The miner and laborer are both safe. There was no danger from firine here. What kind of a miner is this? Did he fire two shots at one time? Why did he fire the shots at different times? Is it safer to drill a hole and then fire it, or to drill two holes and fire them at the same time? After the first shot what did the 'miner do? Did any accident happen to the miner and laborer here? ALWAYS FIRE ONE SHOT AT A TIME. forty-five 45 Forcing Cartridge Into Hole With Drill Cartridge Exploded and Miner Injured is small will make drilled tries does go cannot push gets tries strikes flies sets off is near goes off thrown back are burned FORCING CARTRIDGE INTO A SMALL HOLE The miner's drill is too small at the sharp end. This drill will not make a hole large enough for the cartridge. The miner drilled a hole with this drill. The miner tries to put a cartridge into the hole. The cartridge does not go into the hole easily. The miner cannot push the cartridge into the hole with his hands. He gets the drill. He tries to force the cartridge into the hole with the drill. The drill strikes a spark. The spark flies into the powder. This spark sets off the powder. The miner is very near the hole. The powder goes off in the miner's face. The miner is thrown back against the gob. His hands and face are badly burned. What is the matter with this miner's drill? Does the drill make a hole large enough for the cartridge? How does the miner try to force the car- tridge? Does the drill strike a spark? What does the spark do to the powder? Is it safe to force the powder with a drill? Forty-six 46 Fire-boss Gauging Drill Fire-boss Ordering Miner Out to Have Drill Sharpened is small finds takes measures is not can make sends makes drills is pushes is safe Miner Putting Cartridge Into Proper Sized Hole HAVING DRILL MADE "UP TO GAUGE" This miner's drill is too small at the sharp end. The fire-boss finds him using the drill. The fire-boss takes a gauge from his pocket. He measures the drill with the gauge. The end of the drill is not large enough. The miner cannot make a hole large enough for the cartridge with this drill. The fire-boss sends the miner out to the blacksmith with the drill. The blacksmith makes the drill the right size. The miner drills a hole with the drill now. This hole is large enough. The miner pushes the cartridge into the hole easily now with the needle. The cartridge is in the hole and the miner is safe. What is the fire-boss doing? What is wrong with the drill? Where does the fire-boss send the miner with the drill? What does the blacksmith do with the drill? Can the miner make a large enough hole now? How does the miner put the cartridge into the hole now? Is he safe now? ALWAYS BE SURE YOUR DRILL IS THE RIGHT SIZE. Forty-seven 47 Miner Firing Shot Miner Coming Through Cross Cut Caught by Blast FAILURE TO GIVE WARNING WHEN READY TO FIRE has drilled have tamped is ready does not send does know is lighting runs back comes through goes of? is killed returns finds should have told was ready This is not a safe miner. He has drilled a hole in the bottom coal. He and the laborer have tamped the hole. The miner is ready to fire the shot. He does not send the laborer into the next chamber to tell them he is going to fire. The miner in the next chamber does not know this mincer is going to fire. The miner is lighting- the squib with touch paper. This miner runs back to the cross-cut. The miner from the next chamber comes through to the face. The shot goes off. The miner from the next chamber is killed by the flying coal. The miner of this chamber returns to the face from the cross-cut. He finds the other miner killed near the face. This miner should have told the other miner he was ready to fire. What is the miner doing now? Has he sent the laborer to tell the miners in the next chambers? Does the miner in the next chamber know a shot is being fired? Does the other miner come through the cross-cut? What happens to him when the shot goes off? DON'T FIRE UNTIL YOU NOTIFY THE MEN IN THE NEXT CHAMBERS. Forty-eight Sending Laborer to Notify Men in Adjoining Chambers Laborer Warning Miner in Adjoining Chamber has tamped is ready tells tells is firing lights know come through goes off is hurt comes back must let GIVING WARNING WHEN READY TO FIRE This miner has tamped a hole. He is now ready to light the squib. He first tells the laborer to go into the next chambers. The laborer tells the men in the next chamber that his miner is firing. The miner lights the squib and runs back to the cross-cut shouting, "Fire! Fire!" The men in the next chambers know a shot is being fired here. They do not come through the cross-cut into this chamber. The shot goes off. No one is hurt. The miner comes back to the face. The miner must let the men in the next chambers know when he is ready to fire. What is this miner ready to do? Where does he send the laborer? What does the laborer tell the men in the next chamber? Do the other miners come through the cross-cut now? Where does the miner go? Is anyone hurt when the shot goes off? ALWAYS NOTIFY THE MEN IN THE NEXT FIRE. CHAMBER BEFORE YOU Forty-nine 49 Miner Preparing Cartridge With Lamp on Head Powder Exploded has come has takes out prepares drops sets off goes off is killed prepares came back took put away prepares can fall is safe Preparing Cartridge With Lamp at a Safe Distance PREPARING A CARTRIDGE (Wrong Way and Right Way) The miner has come to the box to get his powder. He has his lamp on his cap. He takes the cartridge out of the can. The miner prepares the cartridge with the lighted lamp above it. A spark drops from the light into the powder. The spark sets off the powder. The cartridge goes off in the miner's hands. He is killed. In the last picture the miner prepares the cartridge in the safe way. Here the miner came back to the box. He took the lamp off his cap. He put the lamp five feet away. Now the miner prepares the cartridge. No sparks can fall into the powder now. The miner is safe here. Where is the lamp in the first picture? Can a spark fall into the car- tridge? What happens while the miner prepares the cartridge? In the last pic- ture where is the lamp? How far must the lamp be from the powder? Is this miner safe? ALWAYS KEEP THE LAMP FIVE FEET FROM THE POWDER. Fifty 50 Putting Cotton in Lamp, Using Old Cotton for Light Powder in Box Exploding. Miner Injured keeps comes takes out is putting is burning falls sets off is blown is putting has lights puts can get Miner Putting in New Cotton at a Safe Distance from Box PUTTING IN A NEW COTTON. (Wrong Way and Right Way) The miner keeps his cotton and powder in the box. He comes to the box for a new cotton. He takes the old cotton out of the lamp and lays it on the box. He is now putting a new cotton into the lamp. The old cotton is still burning. A spark falls from the old cotton into the box. The spark sets off the powder in the box. The box is blown to pieces and the miner is killed. In the last picture the miner is putting in new cotton in the right way. This miner has two lamps. He lights one lamp and puts it on the ground five feet from the box. Now he puts a new cotton in the other lamp. No sparks can get into the box now and the miner is safe. What is this miner doing? Where does the first miner put his old cot- ton? What is in the box? What happens? How does the second miner make light for himself? Where does he set the lamp? ALWAYS KEEP YOUR LIGHT AWAY FROM THE BOX. Fifty-one 51 Thawing Dynamite with Lamp Dynamite Exploded is ready has gone is frozen cannot use must thaw holds makes explodes shows brought puts thaws does become is safe does explode Thawing Dynamite with Manure THAWING FROZEN DYNAMITE (Wrong Way and Right Way) The miner is ready to blast some rock. He has gone for his dynamite. The dynamite is frozen. The miner cannot use frozen dynamite. He must thaw the dynamite first. He holds his lamp under the stick of dynamite to thaw it. The light makes the dynamite too hot. The dynamite explodes and kills the miner. The third picture shows a careful miner. He brought a keg of manure from the barn. He puts his dynamite in the manure. The heat from the manure thaws the dynamite. The dynamite does not become too hot. The miner is safe now. The dynamite does not explode. Is it right to thaw dynamite with a lamp? What happens when he thaws the dynamite with a lamp? How does the last miner thaw dynamite? Is there heat in the manure? Can the dynamite explode in the manure? DON'T THAW DYNAMITE WITH A LAMP. Fifty-two 52 Miner and Laborer Sitting on Box Smoking Powder in Box Exploded. Men Are Killed SMOKING ON THE BOX have come sit get smoke are ready knocks is fire falls from gets into is blown was safe The miner and laborer have come back to the box. They sit on the box. They get their pipes to have a smoke. They smoke and talk for some time. They are ready to go back to work. The miner knocks the ashes out of his pipe on top of the box. There is still some fire in the ashes. A spark falls from the "ashes into the box. The spark gets into the powder. The box is blown to pieces and the men are both killed. It was not safe for the men to smoke on the box. What are these men doing? Where are they sitting? What is in the box? When they are done smoking what does the miner do? Is there some fire still in the ashes? What falls into the box? Does this spark set the powder off? What happens to these men? Were these men careful? NEVER HAVE FIRE NEAR YOUR POWDER BOX. nfty-three 53 Crossing Trip of Cars with Keg of Powder on Shoulder Miner Thrown Between Cars as Result of Shock is taking is carrying is standing must get crosses over touches is knocked is hurt is carrying : carries : does cross : walks : comes back: Miner Walking Around End of Trip. Powder Keg Under His Arm CROSSING OVER A TRIP OF CARS This miner is taking- a can of powder into his chamber. He is carrying the powder on his shoulder. There is a trolley wire over the road. A trip of cars is standing on the road. The miner must get on the other side of the cars. He crosses over the trip with the can on his shoulder. The can touches the wire. The miner is knocked down between the cars. He is badly hurt. In the third picture is another miner. This miner is carrying a can of powder. There is a trip of cars in his way. This miner carries the powder under his arm. He does not cross over the trip. He walks around the end of the trip. He comes back on the other side. He is a careful miner. How did the first man carry his keg of powder? Did he cross over the trip? What happened to him? How did the second man carry his keg? Did he walk around the trip or cross over? Which was the better way? IT IS NEVER SAFE TO CROSS OVER A TRIP OF CARS. Fifty-four 54 Miner with Drill on Shoulder Walking Under Trolley Wire Drill Struck Wire. Miner Thrown to Ground Carrying Drill in Hand by Side MINER CARRYING A DRILL ON HIS SHOULDER is walking This miner is walking along the road. there is There is a trolley wire over the road. is carrying The miner is carrying a drill on his shoulder. Walks under The miner walks under the trolley wire with his drill. strikes His drill strikes the trolley wire. passes The electricity passes through the drill to the man. is shocked The man is shocked. is knocked He is knocked to the ground. hurts The shock hurts the man. is walking is carrying can touch passes under does receive In picture three the miner is walking under the trolley wire. He is carrying his drill in his hand by his side. The drill cannot touch the wire now. The miner passes under the wire safely. He does not receive a shock. Howis the miner carrying the drill in the first picture? What happens in the first picture? What happens when the drill strikes the wire? How does the miner carry the drill in the third picture? Is this man hurt? Which is the best way to carry the drill? DON'T CARRY A DRILL ON YOUR SHOULDER. Fifty-five 55 Going on Cage with Drill on Shoulder and Guard Rail Up Drill Catches in Roof as Cage is Hoisted is at are going get on has gets is given gives is down begins catches does stop held fast is pulled falls back is hurt Miner Thrown Off Cage to Foot of Shaft MINER ON CAGE WITH DRILL ON HIS SHOULDER The cage is at the foot. These men are going home. The men get on the cage. One man has a drill on his shoulder. When he gets on the cage he does not take the drill off his shoulder. The signal is given the engineer. The engineer gives the return signal. The guard rail is not down. The cage begins to go up. The end of the drill catches under the roof. The cage does not stop. The drill is held fast. The miner is pulled from the cage. The miner falls back to the foot of the shaft. He is badly hurt from the fall. What do we see at the foot of the shaft? Where are these men going? What is on one miner's shoulder? Does he take the drill off his shoulder when he gets on the cage? Is the guard rail let down? What happens after the cage starts to go up? Is the miner pulled off the cage? Is he hurt? FOOTMAN, DON'T GIVE THE SIGNAL UNTIL EVERYTHING IS ALL RIGHT. Fifty-six 56 is at have finished have gone takes off stands is down stands are given begins to go cannot catch can fall are safe comes to step off go home On Cage with Drill on End and Guard Rail Down Men Land Safely at Top of Shaft MINERS ON CAGE PROPERLY The cage is at the foot of the shaft. The men have finished the day's work and are going home. They have gone on the cage. The man with the drill takes it off his shoulder. He stands the drill on end by his side. The guard rail is put down. The drill stands inside the guard rail. The signal and the return signal are given. The cage begins to go up. Now the drill cannot catch in the roof. No one can fall off now because the guard rail is down. The men are safe now. The cage comes to the landing. The men step off the cage. They go safely home. Where are these men going? Where are they now? Has the man taken the drill off his shoulder? Where does he stand the drill? Is the guard rail put down? Can the drill catch in the roof now? Do the men come safely to the landing? FOOTMAN, ALWAYS MAKE EVERYTHING SAFE BEFORE YOU GIVE THE SIGNAL. Fifty-seven 57 Taking Up Track in Old Workings Sitting Down to Eat Dinner in Old Workings Without Examining Roof Injured by Fall of Rock are has been worked there is is taking up has been working gets does not examine has been tested is not good falls down is killed Here are old workings. The coal has all been worked out. There is one of the track-layers. He is taking up an old track. He has been working a long time and is hungry. He gets his dinner pail and sits down to eat. He does not examine the roof. The timbers are old and the roof has not been tested for a long time. The roof is not good. A rock falls down and hits the man. The track-layer is killed. Where is this man working? Has all the coal been taken out? What is this man doing? What do you call the man who lays track? Is the track- layer hungry? Does he examine the roof before he sits down to eat? Is the roof bad here? What happens while the man is eating? DON'T FAIL TO BE CAREFUL WHEN IN OLD WORKINGS. Fifty-eight 58 Taking Up Track in Old Workings Examining Roof in Old Workings Eating His> Dinner in Safety CAREFUL WORKMAN IN OLD WORKINGS here is has been working wishes thinks examines finds there is sits down this is Here is another track-layer. He has been working in some old workings. He wishes to eat his dinner. He thinks the roof may not be safe. He examines the roof carefully before he sits down. He finds this place is safe. There is no loose rock. He sits down and is safe. This is a careful workman. Who do we see in this picture? Is he working in old workings? What does he do before he sits down to eat? Is the roof good? Can he sit down now in safety? Is this a careful workman? ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN IN OLD WORKINGS. Fifty-nine Miner Getting Lamp at Lamp-House Descending Into Mine Miner at Fire-boss' Shanty Miner Taking Off Coat at a Box is going works must use has come gives gets on let down comes has is in tells walks along goes along takes off is on is ready NAKED LAMP IN A GASSY CHAMBER This miner is going to work. He works where there is gas. He must use a safety lamp when he is at work. Here he has come to the lamp room. The lamp man gives him a Davy safety lamp. The miner then gets on the cage. He is being let down into the mine. At the foot of the shaft he comes to the fire-boss' shanty. The miner has a lighted lamp on his cap and the safety lamp on his arm. The fire-boss is in the doorway. The fire-boss tells the miner that there is gas in his chamber and he must not go in with the naked light. The miner walks along the gangway until he comes to the branch. He goes along the roadway to his box. He takes off his coat and leaves it at the box. The naked light is still on the miner's cap. The miner is now ready for work. Is there gas in this miner's chamber? What kind of a lamp must he use where there is gas? Where does he get his safety lamp? What does the fire- boss tell him? Does he leave the naked lamp at the box? DON'T FAIL TO LEAVE YOUR OPEN LAMP AT THE BOX. Sixty CO Miner Going from Box to Face with Safety and Naked Lamps Miner at Face with Naked Lamp on His Head Explosion of Gas at Face Injured Miner Receiving First Aid Treatment goes carries begins hold is useless arrives burning does test burns there is sets off there is is burned put is taken NAKED LAMP IN A GASSY CHAMBER (Continued) The miner goes from the box to the face. He carries the safety lamp in his hand and the naked light is still on his cap. Gas always begins to collect near the roof. It is dangerous to hold an open light near the roof. The safety lamp is useless if you keep a naked light burning near the roof. The miner arrives at the face. The naked light is still burning near the roof. The miner does not test for gas with the safety lamp. The safety lamp burns with a long blue flame when in gas. There is gas near the roof in this chamber. The open light sets off the gas. There is an explosion. The miner is badly burned. The "first aid" men carry the miner to the shanty. They put oil and bandages on his burns. He is then taken to the hospital. DON'T CARRY AN OPEN LIGHT WHERE THERE IS GAS. Sixty-one 61 Miner Leaving Coat, Dinner Pail, and Naked Lamp at Box Miner Going from Box to Face Without Naked Lamp works told leaves walks along comes tests finds burns knows works does set off is safe this is Miner Testing for Gas at Face with Safety Lamp SAFETY LAMP IN A GASSY CHAMBER This miner works in a "gassy" chamber. The fire-boss told him to use a safety lamp. The miner leaves his coat, dinner pail, and naked lamp at the box. He walks along the roadway to the face carrying a safety lamp in his hand. He comes to the face. He tests for gas with his safety lamp. He finds there is some gas near the roof. The safety lamp burns with a long blue flame. This miner knows there is gas in the chamber. He works by the light of the safety lamp. He does not set off the gas. He is safe. This is a very careful miner. What kind of a chamber is this? What kind of a lamp must the miner use where there is gas? Where does he leave the naked lamp? Does he test for gas when he goes to the face? What kind of flame has a safety lamp when in gas? Is this a careful miner? ALWAYS USE A SAFETY LAMP WHERE THERE IS GAS. Sixty-two 62 want can do cannot vote are passed intend be naturalized will be it is costs do not need must go will find HOW TO BECOME AN AMERICAN CITIZEN Do you want to be a citizen of the United States? There are some things which no one but a citizen can do. A man cannot vote unless he is a citizen. Many good laws are passed for citizens only. Do you intend to live in this country always? If you do, you should be naturalized. Your wife and young children will then be citizens also. It is not hard to get citizenship papers. It costs five dollars and you must be in the country five years. You do not need to have a lawyer. You must go either to the Court House or to the United States District Court in the Post Office at Scranton, Pa. There you will find a clerk to help you. Can you vote if you are not a citizen? Do citizens have some privileges which others do not? Should you be naturalized if you remain in this country? Do you need to have a lawyer help you? Where must you go to get your citizenship papers? Sixty-three Facts for Declaration of Intention Department of Commerce and Labor Naturalization Service Washington, D. C. Name : Age : years Occupation : Color : Complexion : Height : feet inches. Weight : pounds. Color of hair : Color of eyes : Other visible distinctive marks : Where born : , (city or town) (country) Date of birth : , , (month) (day) (year) Present residence : , , (No. street) (city) (State) Emigrated from : , (port of embarkation) (country) Name of vessel : Last place of foreign residence : , (city) (country) I am now a subject of and intend to renounce my allegiance to : Date of arrival in the United States : , , (month) (day) (year) Port of arrival : , (city) (state) I am now a citizen of and intend to renounce allegiance to the Republic of: Sixty-four SCRANTON POSTOFFICE can get lands must tell is doing lived know does know take oath must promise must give gives should be GETTING FIRST CITIZENSHIP PAPERS Any foreigner 18 years old can get his first citizenship papers. He can get his first papers any time after he lands in America. He must tell the clerk his name and age. He must tell what work he is doing and where and when he was born. He must tell where he lived before he came to this country. He must know the date when he came and the name of the boat. If he does not know the name of the boat the clerk will find that out for him. Fie must take oath that he intends to become a citizen. He must promise. to be loyal to his new country. He mnst give the clerk one dollar. The clerk now gives him his first paper. This first paper should be kept very carefully. How old must you be to get your first papers? What must you tell the clerk before you get your paper? Must you know the date you came to America? How much must you pay to the clerk for this paper? Sixty-five 65 Petition For Naturalization Department of Commerce and Labor Naturalization Service, Washington, D. C. First. My full name is Second. My place of residence is Third. My occupation is Fourth. I was born on the day of , 18 . . . . , at (city) Fifth. I emigrated to the United States from (port) on or about the day of , 1. . . . , and arrived at the port of in the United States, on the vessel Sixth. I declared my intention to become a citizen of the United States on the day of , 1 , at in the Court (city) Seventh. 1 am My wife's name is (single or married) She was born in , and now resides at Eighth. I have child name born day of , 1 . . . . , at name born day of ......... 1. . . ., at Ninth. I am able to speak the English language. Tenth. T have resided continuously in the United States for five years, since. the day of , 1 , and in the State of for one entire year prior to this time, since the day of , 1 Witnesses : Name. Occupation. Residence. 1) 2) I herewith present my Declaration of Intention to become a Citizen of the United States. Sixty-six 66 INSIDE OF UNITED STATES COURT AT SCRANTON, PA. GETTING SECOND CITIZENSHIP PAPERS can get Two years after this the man can get his second papers if he has been in the country five years. must go He must go to the clerk's office and take his first paper with him. must take He must take two citizens with him. take oath These men must take oath that he is a good man. have known The men must have known him five years in this country. They must know that he has been in this state one year, must sign The man must sign his name to a paper, must show This paper must Show the name of his wife and when and where she was born. This paper must have on it the name of the city from which he sailed, must give : The man must give four dollars to the clerk. How many years must a man live in this country before he can get his second papers? Must he take his first papers with him? Must he take two witnesses? How long must the witnesses have known him? Must the man sign his own name? Are the names of his wife and children on the paper? How much must he pay for the second paper? Sixty-seven 67 HON. CHARLES B. WITMER Judge U. S. District Court, Scranton, Pa. GETTING LAST CITIZENSHIP PAPERS appear The man must then appear in Court. placed His name will be placed on a list near the clerk's office. can look He can look at it and see when he must come to Court. will be It will be at least 90 days after signing- the second paper. will ask The Judge will ask him many questions. be able He must be able to speak some English. Two witnesses must be in Court with him. have known These men must have known him for five years in this country. must raise He must raise his right hand and swear to obey the laws. be given Final papers will now be given him. He is then a citizen of the United States. If he has a wife, and children under 21 years of age, they are citizens also now. Where does the clerk post the man's name? When will the man have to come to Court? How many witnesses must he bring to Court? How long must these witnesses have known him? Do his wife and children become citizens also? Sixty-eight Some Questions Asked by the Court What Country were you born in ? Who is ruler of that Country ? How does that government differ from this? Who is the President of the United States? How is he elected? If the President should die who would be President ? How did Roosevelt become President ? How did Taft become President ? How are the laws made for the Country? Who are the Senators from Pennsylvania? Who is the Congressman from this District? What is the supreme law of the Country? Who is Governor of Pennsylvania? Who is Mayor of this City? How many Councilmen are there? What is the Capital of the United States? What is the Capital of Pennsylvania? How many States are there in the Union? Name some of them. How are United States Senators elected? How are members of the House of Representatives elected? Who is our State Senator from this District? Where does the State Legislature meet? Sixty nine 69 UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA LIBRARY,- BERKELEY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW Books not returned on time are subject to a fine of 50c per volume after the third day overdue, increasing to $1.00 per volume after the sixth day. Books not in demand may be renewed if application is made before expiration of loan period. ss SENTONfLL AUB 1 2001 U. C. BERKELEY APR 17 1947 REC'D LO FE8 F1EB1G 1971 15m-4,'24 247503