ON TWO GKEEK INSCRIPTIONS, FROM 
 KAMIEOS AND lALYSOS, IN RHODES, 
 RESPECTIVELY. 
 
 C. T. NKWrny |\,, MA (• p. 
 Hrad June l»(/i, l{>7». 
 
 [K«|irijit4xl from ihc TratiMctiutu of tl>e VLujtti Sjocktv uf Lilcnitufv, 
 Vol. XI., Part III.. New 8«riM.]
 
 
 ON TWO GREEK INSCRIPTIOl^S, FROM 
 KAMIROS AND 
 RESPECTIVELY. 
 
 KAMIROS AND lALYSOS, IN RHODES, 
 
 BY C. T. NEWTON, ESQ., M.A., C.B. 
 [From the Transactions of tlie Eoyal Society of Literature, vol. xi. Now Scries.] 
 
 I HAVE to submit to the Society two Greek inscrip- 
 tions from Rhodes, both of which are in the British 
 Museum. They have a special interest, not only on 
 account of their subject-matter, as I shall hope to 
 show, but also on account of their provenance, one 
 being from Kamiros, the other from lalysos, two of 
 the three ancient cities in Rhodes, which are men- 
 tioned by Homer in the catalogue of the Greek ships 
 at Troy. The tombs on both sites have in recent 
 years yielded a most remarkable series of fictile vases 
 and other antiquities, the most archaic of which 
 present a striking affinity to many of the objects 
 discovered by Dr. Schliemann at Mykenae. The 
 two inscriptions I have to submit this evening have 
 no claim to such remote antiquity. Their date, pro- 
 bably, falls somewhere in the interval between the 
 building of the city of Rhodes, B.C. 404 and the 
 accession of Alexander the Great. 
 
 The decree from Kamiros, which seems the later of 
 the two, is as follows : — 
 
 A 
 
 205854 4
 
 2 ON TWO RIIODTAN INRCRTPTIONS. 
 
 EAOZEKAMIPEYZITAZKTOINAZTAZKAMIPEHNTAZ 
 ENTAINAZniKAITAZENTAIAPEIPniANArPAH'AinAZAZ 
 KAIEX0EMEINEZTOIEPONTAZA0ANAIAZEZTAAAI 
 AI0INAIXnPIZXAAKHZEEHMEINAEKAIXAAKHTAIZ 
 r,ANArPA<t>HMEINAIKAXPHIinNTIEAEZ0AIAEANAPAZ 
 TPEIZAYTIKAMAAAOITINEZEniMEAH0HZEYNTITAY 
 TAZTAZnPAZIOZnZTAXIZTAKAIAPOAnZEYNTAI 
 TniXPHIZONTIEAAXIZTOYPAPAZXEINTANZTAAAN 
 KAITAZKTOINAZANArPAH'AIKAIErKOAAH'AIENTAIZTA 
 
 lOAAIKAIZTAZAIENTnilEPniTAZA0ANAZKAinEPIBOAIBn 
 ZAinZEXHinZIZXYPOTATAKAIKAAAIZTATAAETE 
 AEYMENAEZTAYTAPANTATONTAMIANPAPEXEIN 
 EPAETAYTANTANKTOINANAPOAEIKNYEINTOYZ 
 KTOINATAZMAZTPONENTnilEPniTXllArinTATni 
 
 ISENTAIKTOINAIKATATONNOMONTONTflNPOAiriN 
 TOYTOIAEZYNAErEZ0IlNENKAMIPniEIZTO 
 IEPONTAZA0ANAIAZOKKATOIIEPOPOIOIPAPArr 
 I2NTIKAIA0PEONTnTAIEPATAKAMIPEX2N. . . 
 TFAHPANTAAITI 
 
 "EBo^€ KafiLpevai, ra? KTOLva<; ra? Ka^ipkcav ra? | iv rd 
 vd(T(p KoX Ta9 iv TO, aireipq) dvaypd'^lrat Tracra? | Kal e-)(6efieiv 
 e? TO lepov Ta9 'A^avaia? e[v] crrdXa \ Xtdiva ^wpt? XdX- 
 K7)<i, i^7]fjbeiv Se Kal XaX/CT^rat? | dvajpa^-^/xeiv aiKa XPV^' 
 ^(ovri, ekkadat he dvBpa<; | r/jei? ainiKa fidXa OLTLV€<i 
 iTrifiekrjdrjaevvTi rav \ Ta<; ra? 7rpd^co<; &>? rdy^icrTa, koI 
 diroSoaevvTai | rS ')(^prjt^ovTt i\a)(^laTOV 7rapacr;^etv rdv 
 ardXav | Kal ra? KTOLva<i dvap/pd-^at Kal i'yKoXdy\rai iv ra 
 crrd I Xa Kal crraaaL iv Ta> lepat ra<; \6ava<i Kal irept- 
 ^oXl/3(o I (Tai tt>? €')(^r} (W9 la')(vp6TaTa Kal KaXXiara, rd he 
 T€ I Xevfieva e9 Taiira irdvTa rov ra/Miav 7rap€')(^€tv, | iy Be 
 Tavrdv rdv KTOtvdv diroheiKVveLv 701/9 | KToivdra^ fidarpov 
 iv To5 lepM Tw dyLcordTO) | eV ra ktoivcl Kara rov vofxov rov 
 Twv '^ohloiv, I TovTOL he crvvXeyeaOoyv iv Kajxlpw eh to \ 
 lepov Ta9 \6avaia<i OKKa toI lepoiroLol irapajye \ \y~\(i)VTi Kal 
 dOpeovTQJ TO, lepaTa Ka/xtpecov [ra h | afiolTeXy] ? irdvTa
 
 ON TWO RHODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 6 
 
 This decree orders that the ktoivul of the Kamireans 
 both in the Island and on the Continent are to be 
 inscribed on a marble stele, and set up in the Ilicron 
 of Athena. The Kjolvai of Chalke are not included 
 in this order, but the people of that island may, if 
 they think fit, also have their KTolvat entered in the 
 register. Three commissioners are to be at once 
 elected, who are to superintend the carrying out the 
 decree, and are to contract for providing a stele, for 
 which the lowest tender is to be accepted. The con- 
 tractor is to inscribe the KTolvai on the stele, to erect 
 it in the Hieron of Athena, and to fix it firmly all 
 round with lead. The Treasurer is to defray the cost 
 of all these operations. The KTOLvdrai or members of 
 the KToivai are to select out of these KTotvai a /xdarposj 
 who is to be appointed in the most holy Ilicron in 
 the KTocva, according to the law of the Rhodians. 
 These, the /croivdrat ?, are to be assembled in Kamiros, 
 in the Hieron of Athena, and on the arrival of the 
 lepoTToiol are to inspect the Ilicra of the Kamireans. 
 
 The first question which presents itself in this 
 decree is, who and what are the KroLvdraL and Krolvai. 
 The word icrolva is not found in ordinary Greek 
 Lexicons. I had, however, inferred from the context 
 that in this inscription it was used in the sense of 
 a district or local division of land. Again, the men- 
 tion of the fjidarpos 1. 14, and the lepoTroiol 1. 17, 
 seemed to point to some religious rites in connection 
 with the KTolvai. I liad already come to this conclu- 
 sion, when I stumbled on the word in Hesychios, 
 placed out of its true alphabetical order as follows : — 
 
 KTVvai, rf KTOtvai, ')((opr]aei9 irpoyovLKwv vepetfov tj Stj/jlos 
 fie/xeptafMevos. Schmidt in his recent edition of Hesy- 
 
 A 2
 
 4 ON TWO miODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 chios marks this entry with an asterisk, because 
 it is out of its alphabetical order, but, since the 
 discovery of this inscription, there is no ground for 
 stigmatizing this entry. The gloss is somewhat 
 obscure. If the words had been 'x^ayp^aeis irpoyoviKcov 
 lepwv, we might have interpreted them " the setting 
 apart of ancestral rites or of sacred precincts inherited 
 from ancestors," but I cannot find that Upeia is ever 
 used in that sense, though in the Septuagint it bears 
 the sense of " festival," " sacrifice." The second part 
 of the gloss, hrjpLOs fjue/iepiafievos suggests that the KTolva 
 was a deme divided into allotments. 
 
 So far as we can gather from this inscription, the 
 KTolva had some analogy with the Attic demes, the 
 introduction of which is attributed to Kleisthenes, and 
 which were districts or parishes which had a common 
 temple or place of assembly within their territory, 
 and in which all the citizens resident in the district 
 were registered. These local demes in Attica must 
 be distinguished from the more ancient Rentes or groups 
 of families united by a common band of kinsmanship 
 and common rites, though in some instances these 
 gentes may have been absorbed into demes. 
 
 In an unedited inscription from Kamiros, we have 
 a long list of iraTpai ranged under larger classes, 
 perhaps, (ppaTpcac or ^uXat, and these Trdrpat may have 
 corresponded at Kamiros with the Attic yevrj, while 
 the KTocvai may have been local divisions, introduced 
 like the demi of Kleisthenes, in the course of some 
 political revolution. But I am not in a condition yet 
 to determine the connection between the Kamirean 
 
 KTolvai and Trarpac. 
 
 The fiaarpos who is to be chosen by the KTOLvdrai^
 
 ON TWO KIIODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 5 
 
 was a magistrate whose name occurs i^ several Rliodian 
 inscriptions. That from Ialyso.s, which I publish in 
 this memoir, begins with the heading eSo^e Toh MdarpoLs 
 Kai 'laXvaloLs. In like manner a decree of the people 
 of Lindos, edited by Foucart, Rev. Arch. N. S. XV. 
 p. 207, commences eho^e Mdarpois koI Aivhloi?, But 
 it would seem from a comparison of these three 
 Rhodian decrees, that the fidarpoL constituted a board 
 of magistrates, chosen by the KTotvarat for the regula- 
 tion of various religious matters. Their authority 
 must have been great, otherwise their name would 
 not have preceded that of the demos ^ both at Lindos 
 and at lalysos. They are also mentioned in another 
 Rhodian inscription, Ross, Inscript. Tned. III. No. 
 271, 1. 18. Hesychios s. v. says fidarpoL irapa'Pobiois 
 ^ovkevrripes where we must adopt Schmidt's restoration 
 ^ovXevriaL ol kol fiacjTJrjpes. Hrapokratioil S. V. fMaarijpes 
 states that there were fidaTpot in Pellene, citing as 
 his authority Aristotle de Pellene republica (Fragm. 
 191, ed. Didot.) Harpokration in this passage con- 
 siders the fxaa-rpoi of Pellene as magistrates with 
 functions analogous to the Attic ^TjTTjrat and the 
 fiaarrjpes elsewhere, and defines their office as dp'^^rj 
 Tis uTroSeBeLj/jbevT] eiri to ^ijretv ra Koivd tou Srjfiou, and 
 this is confirmed by the use of vTrofxaa-TpoL in the 
 Andania inscription as the equivalent of inrev6vpoi, 
 and by the explanation of Maarplai in Hesychios as 
 al Twv dp^ovTcou evOvvai (see Sauppc on the xVndania 
 inscription, p. 20, and Foucart on the same inscription, 
 in Lebas, Voyage Areheol. Pt. ii. § 5. p. 172.) 
 
 The assembly of fcroivdrai is to meet in the temple of 
 Athena when the lepoiroiot come, and are to inspect the 
 Upd of the people of Kamiros. Whether we interpret
 
 6 ON TWO lillODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 lepa hero in its moro usual sense " the sacred precincts 
 round temples," or ;is " sacred rites," the function- 
 aries assembled were evidently invested with the 
 duty of f^encral supervision, for we can attach no other 
 meaning to the word dOpeovrw. 
 
 In the Lindian inscription, already referred to, the 
 lepoTToiol are associated with the lepels and lepodvral^ 
 " sacrificers," standing third in the order of prece- 
 dence. All three classes were to be elected at Lindos 
 under the supervision of ten commissioners chosen 
 ad hoc by the Lindians. The lepoiTotoi also occur in 
 a list of sacred ministers, inscribed on one of the 
 marbles of tlie temple of Apollo Erethimios in Rhodes. 
 (Ross, Inscript. Ined. No. 27G.) We learn from two 
 Athenian inscriptions (Rangabe, No. 814 and Ephem. 
 Archaiol. No. 3545,) that at Athens the Hieropoioi 
 were charged with the duty of conducting the sacri- 
 fices. These functions correspond with what is stated 
 about them in the Etym. Maguum and Schol. ad 
 Demosth. Mid., ed. Meier, ^115 and § 171, who says 
 that part of their duty was to inspect sacrifices and 
 victims. 
 
 We find from this inscription that some of the KTolvac 
 were in the small island of Chalk e, which lies on the 
 west of Rhodes, and was probably subject to it at all 
 times; (see Pliny, Hist. Nat. XVII. 4, § 31.) In the 
 matter of registering their KroLvarat at Kamiros, the 
 people of Chalke appear to have been left free, as 
 would be natural if the KTolvat were local divisions, 
 having reference to common rites. 
 
 The KTotvai in the aireipos line 2, must have been on 
 that part of the coast of Asia Minor lying opposite 
 to Rhodes, and called the Peraia. This belonged to
 
 ON TWO RHODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 7 
 
 the Ehodians during the time of theii' indepen- 
 dence. 
 
 This inscription is ■written in a strong Doric, in 
 which may be noted, 1. 4, e^'j/xeiv. 1. 2, ixOefietv. 
 The infinitive termination, fieiv for fzev, is considered 
 by Ahrens, De Dorica dial. p. 315, peculiar to 
 Rhodes and its colonies in Sicily. He notices traces 
 of it in the Sicilian poet, Epicharmos. Compare the 
 inscription from Agrigentum, Bockh, C. I. No. 5491, 
 ibid. 5475, and the Rhodian inscriptions, ibid. 2525 
 b., 2905. 
 
 1. 6, e7n/j,€X.T)9rjaevvTt, 1. 7, airoauiaevvrai, Compare infra, 
 TeXevfjueva and KpivevvTCj SiaXvaevvTCy vTrap^evvri lU an in- 
 scription from Kalymna, Bockh, 2671. 
 
 1. 10, Trepi^oXilScoaai for TrepifxoXv^ScoaaL . /jloXl^os^ 
 fxoXt^oco are given in the Lexicons as poetic forms 
 of /jLoXv^So9, fJioXv/SSoco. 
 
 According to our reading of Hesychios, s. v., the 
 Syracusans wrote ^afx^a, for f^dfi/jua, but Ahrens, p. 
 86, doubts whether Hesychios was right in identify- 
 ing these two words, and Schmidt, in his edition of 
 Hesychios, corrects ^d/x/jua for (Sd/x^a. The converse 
 change of /x for /3 is noted in certain Lakonian words 
 by Hesychios, Ahrens, p. 85. 
 
 1. 3 and 17 we have 'Adavalas, 1. 10, 'Adavas, the 
 first, would, probably, be the older form, line 3, 
 e aToXa, the v has been omitted through oversight in 
 the preposition. 
 
 I have now to submit the inscription from lalysos.
 
 > ON TWO I;II0I»1AN INSCUri'TIONS. 
 
 EAOEETOIXMAXTPOIZKAIIAAYZIOI . 
 ZTPATHZAAKIMEAONTOZEITE 
 OrnZTOI EPON KAITOTEM ENOZ 
 TAZAAEKTPnNAZEYArHTAIKA 
 5 TATArATPIAEniMEAHOHMEIN 
 TOYZIEPOTAMIAZOnilZZTAAAl 
 EPrAZ0EnNTITPEIZAI0OYAAPT 
 OYKAIANArPA<l>HIEZTAZZTAAA 
 ZTOTE4'A(I)IZMATOAE <AIAOYXO 
 
 10 ZIONENTIEKTnNNOMnNEZ<t>E 
 
 PEI NOYAEEIZOAOI POPEI N EZTOTE 
 MENOZKAITAEPITIMIATn. nPAZ 
 ZONTIPAPATONNOMONGEMEINAE 
 TAZZTAAAZM IAN M EN EP ITAZEZO 
 
 15 AOYTAZEKPOAIOZPOTIPOPEYOME 
 NOIZMIANAEYPEPTOIZTIATOPION 
 AAAANAEEPITAZKATABAZIOZTA . 
 EEAXAIAZPOAIO" 
 NOMOZAOYXOZIONEZIMEINOYAE 
 
 20 EZ<l>EPEINbZTOIEPONKAITOTE 
 MENOZTAZAAEKTPnNAZMHEZI 
 TIllPPOZONOZHMIONOZriNOZ 
 MHAEAAAOAO<t)OYPONMH0ENMH 
 AEEZArETOEIZTOTEMENOZMH 
 
 25 ©EIZTOYTONMHOENMHAEYPOAH 
 MATA . . .4>EPETnMHAEYEIONMH 
 0ENOTIAEKATI-PAPATONNOMON 
 POIHZHITOTEIEPONKAITQ-EMENOZ 
 KA0AIPETnKAIEPIPEIETOHENO 
 
 30 XOZEZTOTAIAZEBEIAIEIAEKA 
 
 PPOBATAEIZBAAHIAPOTEIZATOY 
 PEPEKAZTOYPPOBATOYOBOAON 
 OEZBAAHN POTArrEAAETHAE 
 TONTOYTHNTIPOIEYNTAOXPHI 
 ZnNEZTOYZMAZTPOYZ
 
 ON TWO RHODIAN INSCEIPTIONS. 9 
 
 "ESo^e Toi<; Macrrpoi? Kal 'IaXt'0"tot[9] | SrpaT?;? 'AX,/ct//.e- 
 SovTO<; elire \ oirca rb lepov Kal to re/xei/o? | tu^ 'AXeKrpo)- 
 va<; evayyjTai ku \ ra ra Trdrpca, i'iTL^ie\.T}6i][xeiv \ rov'i 
 i6poTafx[a<i ottco^ arakai \ epyaadeoivrt rpeZ? Xldov \dpT \ 
 ov Kal dvaypacfir] e's ra? crrdXa | 9 to re yjrdcfjLl^a^fia ToSe 
 Kal a ov'^6 I aiov evn e« twv vofiwv ia(f)e \ petv ovSe elerodot- 
 TTopelv e? TO re | fxevo<i Kal rd iTmifna tu> irpda | aovrt 
 irapd rov vo/xov, [^] e/xeiv 8e | Ta? (rrdXa^;, fjbiav fiev iirl rd^ 
 iao I 801; Ta<f GK 7r6Xto[9] TroTtTropevofie \ voi<;, fjuiav he virkp 
 t[o] laTtaropiov \ , dXXav 8e eVt Ta? KaTa^daLO<; Td^s:^ | 
 i^ 'AT^ai'a? 7r[d]Xi09. | No/Lto9 a ov;^ oaiov iaifxeiv ov8e \ 
 €a(f>€p€iv €9 TO lepbv Kal to re | fievo^; Ta9 XX,e/CTp&;va9* 
 /A?) eVt' I TOJ t7r7ro9, 6V09, r)filovo(;, ylvo<; \ /i7;Se dWo \6(poupov 
 firjdkv fir] I 8e iaayerco et9 to Ti/x€vo<; fir] | ^ei9 ToyTcov fjirjdev 
 firjSk vTTuhi) I jjuara [el<i]<^epeT03 firjSe vetov /xr) | ^ej'* o Tt Se 
 /ctt Tfc9 irapd Tov vofiov | TroLrjcrrj to Te tepov /cat to T6fi€V0<; | 
 KadatpeTco Kal iTripe^eTco 17 evo | ;j^^09 ea"T&) tol dae^eia' el 8e 
 Ka j TrpojBaTa elajSdXr], dTroretadTO) v | irep eKdcxrov 7rpo/3a- 
 Tov o/3oX6v I 6 ea^dXwv TrorayyeXXero) Be | TOf toutcov Ti 
 TTOtevvra 6 y^pj] | ^&)i/ 69 toi)9 MacrT/30L'9. 
 
 This is a decree of the Mastroi and lalysians, order- 
 ing the consecration, according to the ancient pre- 
 scription, Kara rd irarpia^ of the Hieron and temenos 
 of the Goddess Alektrona. The Hierotamise are ordered 
 to engrave the decree on three marble stelce^ and to 
 place one of them in the entrance from the city (to 
 the temenos), another above the Ilestiatorion, and a 
 third on the road leading downwards from the city 
 Achaia. 
 
 Then follows the law itself, which declares what 
 animals and objects it is not permitted to introduce 
 into the Hieron and temenos of Alektrona. The 
 animals are the horse, the ass, the mule, the ylvos, 
 which, according to Aiistotle, was the foal of a mare
 
 10 ON TWO KIIODIA-N INSCKIl'TIONS. 
 
 by a mule, and all other beasts of burthen. No one 
 is to enter the lemenoH with sandals or any article 
 made of hog's leather; any one transgressing this pro- 
 hibition will have to purify the Ilicron and tcmcnos^ 
 and to offer sacrifices, or to be liable to a prosecution 
 for impiety, dae^eia. Any one introducing sheep into 
 the sacred precinct must pay an obolos for each sheep. 
 Any one who thinks proper may denounce such 
 transgressors to the Mastroi. 
 
 The goddess Alektrona, whose sacred precinct is thus 
 jealously guarded by this law, is evidently identical 
 with Elektryone, who, according to Diodoros, v. 56, 
 was the daughter of the god Helios and the nymph 
 Ehodos, and who, dying a virgin, was worshipped 
 with heroic honours by the Ehodians, According to 
 Diodoros, Elektryone had seven brothers called the 
 Heliadce, two of whom, Kerkaphos and Ochimos, 
 settled in the territory of lalysos, and there founded 
 the strong city of Achaia, reigning there in succession. 
 Kerkaphos, who succeeded his brother in the kingdom, 
 had three sons, Lindos, lalysos, Kamiros, each of 
 whom gave his name to the city which he founded. 
 The name Alektrona or Elektryone, as Diodoros gives 
 it, is evidently derived from the same root as -tjXcKTcopj 
 the name for the sun in Homer, 'HXeKTpvcov, •^XeKTpov, 
 'HXeKTpa, a\€KTpv(ov, aXeKTcop. See Gr. Curtius, ' Grund- 
 ziige,' 4th edition, p. 136, No. 24. 
 
 1. 3, TO lepov Kol TO Te/jb6vos. Here these two sacred 
 precincts are clearly distinguished. The Hieron is 
 usually considered to be the sacred ground round the 
 temple mos, corresponding with the Close of a cathe- 
 di'al. The temenos was probably an outer precinct. 
 
 1. 7, \l6ov xdpTov. The word xdpros is unknown to
 
 ON TWO RHODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 11 
 
 the Lexicographers, but occurs in the slightly modi- 
 fied form, xdpTLos, in two other Rhodian inscriptions ; 
 one from Rhodes published by Rohl, in the ' Mittheil- 
 ungen d. Deutsch. Inst, in Athen,' 1877. p. 228, 1. 
 7, €7rl ^aaios \i6ov Xapriov not B'dpriou, as Rolil reads 5 
 the other from Hierapytna in Krete, published in 
 Cauer, Delectus, p. 56, 1. 99. oircos epyaaO^ irerpas 
 XapTtas. The epithet Xdpros or Xapnos must denote 
 either the kind of stone to be employed, or the locality 
 whence it was to be obtained. Our only information 
 as to this is furnished by an examination of the stone 
 on which the lalysos decree is engraved, which is the 
 blue limestone known as foetid, from the smell which it 
 emits when fractured. I have not been able to ascer- 
 tain whether the other two inscriptions, in which the 
 word AdpTLos occurs, are on the same kind of stone. 
 
 1. 18, e^ 'A')(atas. This is the name of the strong 
 fortress in the lalysian territory, mentioned by 
 Diodoros, v. 57, and in a fragment of the Rhodian 
 writer, Ergeias, preserved in Athena3us, VIII. p. oGO. 
 It is probably the same fortress as that which Strabo 
 calls 'O'xypwfia, the citadal of lalysos, now called 
 Phileremo. 
 
 1. 25. The prohibition of the wearing sandals 
 within the temenos reminds us of the injunction to 
 Moses, Ex. III. 5. " Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, 
 for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground." 
 
 In the Andania decree regulating the Mysteries of 
 the Great Gods, it is ordered that those who celebrate 
 the Mysteries shall be bare-footed, and in the proces- 
 sion no one is to wear shoes, unless they are made 
 either of felt or of the skins of the victims offered in 
 the festival.
 
 12 ON TWO KIIODIAN INSCKIITIONS. 
 
 The functions of tlic Mdarpot, mentioned in the first 
 and lust lines, have been described by me in the 
 earlier part of this memoir. 
 
 According to the fragment of Ergeias in Athe- 
 nsDUSj to which I have already referred, there was a 
 Phoenician settlement at Acliaia, in Rhodes, governed 
 by Phalanthos, which was taken after a long siege 
 by the Greek settler, Iphiklos. According to 
 another tradition, preserved by Diodoros, v. 58, 
 Kadmos, having dedicated a temcnos to Poseidon, in 
 Rhodes, left some Phoenicians there to have care of 
 it, and these united with the lalysians in one com- 
 munity. He adds that the priests in lalysos are 
 said to have traced the descent of their hereditary 
 priesthood up to these Phoenician settlers. 
 
 It seems at first sight a plausible theory to connect 
 the worship of the solar deity Alektrona at lalysos 
 with the Phoenician worship of Baal, and the strict- 
 ness with which all that was unclean was debarred 
 access to her temenos, seems to indicate a Semitic 
 source for the ritual, which the expression Kara to. 
 irarpLa shows to have been handed down fi'om remote 
 times. Such a connection with an earlier Semitic 
 religion seems more clearly indicated by the human 
 sacrifices, which, according to Porphyry, Be abstiu. 
 II. § 54, were anciently offered in Rhodes to Kronos, 
 and of which the barbarity was in after times miti- 
 gated by the substitution of a criminal whose life was 
 already forfeit to the law for the victim of earlier 
 times. But we hardly know enough yet either of 
 Greek or of Semitic ritual to establish traces of a 
 connection between them. I would observe in con- 
 clusion that this stele was found by Mr. Consul
 
 ON TWO RHODIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 13 
 
 Biliotti in the course of excavations a little to the 
 east of the hill now called PhileremOj and on which 
 must have stood the Akropolis of lalysos. 
 
 If, as I suppose, this Akropolis was the Achaia of 
 the early legends, from which the Phoenicians were 
 expelled by the Greeks, the place where the stele was 
 found might well be the Kard^aats e| 'A^atas where 
 one of the stelce was to be set up, for here the 
 ground slopes gradually from Phileremo to the plain 
 below. 
 
 Mr. Biliotti states that the stele when found was 
 standing upright in its original socket, about six feet 
 below the surface of the ground, but that no trace of 
 foundations could be found near it. It may be that 
 the spot where the stele was standing was its original 
 site on the road leading from the Akropolis to the 
 plain below. 
 
 P.S. Since I wrote the above, my colleague, Mr. 
 Percy Gardiner, has pointed out to me, on small 
 gold and copper coins of Ehodes, dating from the 
 third century, B.C., a head which is probably intended 
 for that of Alectrona. This head is radiate, but dis- 
 tinctly female in type, and bearing the female adorn- 
 ments of Ste^jhane and earrings. Its solar character 
 would better suit Alectrona than the sea-nymph 
 Khodos. The coin is figured in the Hunter Catalogue, 
 PL xlv. 15. ; Mionnet Suppl. vol. vi. PI. viii. 4.
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 001 162 657 9 
 
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