Lia )S-ANGEL£j>. ■M1MN'n-lV HISTORIC NOTICES OF THK BOROUGH AND COUNTY-TOWN OF FLINT. -c c 3 o a ^ u ■ji h J •X < x w *^ OJ d ^ H "^ is c rt J . u. 0. u (X. Id O i4 S2 be iitr O " ^ oo > V o g m'^h CI: "^^ I . HISTORIC NOTICES, WITH Copograpbical anu otfter (Cleanings DESCRIPTIVE OF THE BOROUGH AND COUNTY-TOWN OF FLINT. BY HENRY TAYLOR, TOWN CLERK., CLERK TO THE BOROUGH MAGISTRATES, AND DEPUTY CONSTAIU.E OF FLINT CASTLE. With Illustrations by Miss Louise Rayna-y Mr. Randolph Caldccott, and others. LONDON : ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.G. MDCCCLXXXIII. TO HIS WORSHIP THE MAYOR OF FLINT, ALDERMAN RICHARD MUSPRATT, J. P., THIS VOLUME, WHICH PLACES UPON RECORD ALL THAT IS AT PRESENT KNOWN OF THE HISTORY OF THE ANCI£NT BOROUGH OVER WHICH HE PRESIDES, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. 871177 TH1-: mayor's chain. The reverse side of the Pendant bear^- the following inscription : — "Presented to Flint by Jane, wife of Richakd Mistratt, on her husband's ninth election to the Civic Chair, 1876." PREFACE. The History of the Town and Castle of Flint has not hitherto been treated as a separate subject; indeed, all that is known of it in print is to be found in PEN- NANT'S " Tours in Wales," and other works relating to the Principality as a whole. Nor are these "Historic Notices" put forth as forming a complete History of the old Borough and County Town, but are intended to furnish some particulars respecting it,, which the Author ventures to think will prove interesting to the inhabitants of the Borough, as well as of the County, and to those who are connected with FLINT- SHIRE by ties of birth, property, or other associations. It is hoped, moreover, that materials have been brought together in this volume, that will be found worthy the attention of local antiquaries and genealogists, and that the kindred spirit who may hereafter aim to write a more extensive and complete History of FLINT may not turn to these pages altogether in vain. The belief is indulged, too, that this work may find PREFACE, favour with such as are interested in the biography and genealogy of the various Flintshire families who have taken a leading part in the administration of the affairs of the County and of the Borough in bygone no less than in present days. The Author does not presume to pose as a litterateur \ but, in this amateur attempt, he has endeavoured to weave together, in chronological order, the information he has collected during the last nine years, from the various Records and Authorities relating to the subject, which have come to his knowledge. He craves the indulgence, therefore, of his readers for the, no doubt, many short- comings of this his maiden effort. In conclusion, he desires gratefully to acknowledge the valuable assistance he has received from Mr. Thomas Hughes, F.S.A., of Chester, and his son, Mr. T. Cann Hughes, B.A. Cambridge ; the late Lord Hanmek ; the late Mr. Edward Breese, F.S.A., of Portmadoc ; Mr. Walford D. Selby, of the Public Record Office ; Mr. J. J. Cartwright, M.A., Secretary to the Historical Manuscripts Commissioners ; Mr. Philip B. Davies- CooKE, of Gwysaney ; Mr. William Trevor Parkins, M.A., of Gresford ; Mr. Beedham, of Ashfield House* near Kimbolton ; Mr. W. H. JONES, the author of " Old Karnarvon," etc. His thanks are also due to Rev. W. Ll. Nicholas, M.A., Rector of Flint, who kindly placed at his disposal, for perusal and extract, the original volumes of the Parish Records of FLINT ; and to the Revs. Edward Byrne and Michael Jones for their interesting papers, the former on the CATHOLIC Mission at Flint, and the latter on the rise and progress of NONCONFORMITY in the PREFACE. XI Borough. To many others he is also greatly indebted for much valuable information, and for courtesies, which have tended to sweeten very much this his labour of love. Lastly, but by no means least, he desires to place on record his appreciation of the kindness of Miss Louise Rayner and Mr. RANDOLPH Caldecott, in presenting through him, to his readers the admirable drawings made bythem for the illustration of this work. His thanks are also due to Miss Massie, of Pulford, for her sketch of "Flint in 1826"; to Mr. HARRY Beswick, of Chester, for much artistic help ; and finally, to Mr. J. D. CoOPER, 188, Strand, London, the Author's very faithful and pains- taking engraver; to Mr. John Hewitt, of Chester, who has prepared the Index to the work ; and to the Printers and Publisher. CuRzoN Park, Chester, June, 1883. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. I'AGE The Roman, Saxon, and Norman Periods, with an Account of the Roman Station at Croes Ati ; also of the Battle fought at Coleshill between Henry II. and Owen (Jwynedd. — The " Earldom of Chester and Flint " . . . i CHAPTER II. Flint Castle built, and the Town founded and created a Borough, l)y Edward 1 15 CHAPTER III. The visit of Edward II. to Flint. — Charters granted to the Borough by Edward III. and the Black Prince. — Lists of the Sherifts of the County and of the Constables of the Castle 37 CHAPTER IV. King Richard II. deposed in Flint Castle .67 CHAPTER V. Flint and the neighbourhood during the Rebellion of Owen Glyndwr . 83 CHAPTER VI. From the Death of Owen Glyndwr to the Accession of the House of Tudor 96 XIV CONTENTS, CHAPTER VII. ■ PAGE Establishment of English Judicature in the Principality. — Wales for the first time returns Members to Parliament. — Severance of Flintshire from the Palatinate of Chester. — Lists of the Knights of the Shire, and of the Burgesses returned to Parliament. — The Reformation. — Extracts from the Parish Registers . . . . . .106 CHAPTER VIII. The Civil War. — Siege and Dismantlement of Flint Castle. — The Commonwealth and Restoration .... • • '33 CHAPTER IX. Flint during the Revolution. — Lists of the Rectors, Churchwardens, Overseers, and Guardians. — Extracts from the Parish Records . 149 CHAPTER X. Flint under the Georges. — Extracts from the Court Leet Minute Book, and from the Report of the Municipal Corporations Commissioner in 1834. — List of the Bailiffs of the Borough . . . . .168 CHAPTER XI. The reign of William IV. — The Era of Parliamentary and Municipal Reforms 189 CHAPTER XII. The Victorian Period. — Lists of the Mayors, Magistrates, Aldermen, and other Municipal Officers ........ 204 CHAPTER XIII. The Rise and Progress of Nonconformity in the Borough. — History of the Flint Catholic Mission 230 List of the Magistrates of the County of Flint. — Also of the Members of ihs Corporation of Flint ........ 236 List of Subscribers to this Work 240 Index . 249 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE View of the Ruins of Flint Castle (by Miss Louise Rayner) Frontispiece The Corporate Seal of the Borough of Flint .... Title-page The Mayor's Chain (from a Photograph by Mr. G. W. Webster, of Chester) Dedication Roman Antiquities, found at Pentre, Flint (from Engravings in Pennant's " Tours in Wales, " 1810 edition) . . . . . . .4,5 Palatinate Seal, Chester and Flint, 1660 (from the Chester Archreological Society's journal, Vol. I.) . . . . . . . .12 Ground-Plan of Flint Castle 16 The Keep of Flint Castle, from the South-West (by Miss Louise Rayner) iS Exterior View of the Eastern Tower of Flint Castle (by Miss Louise Rayner) ........... 24 Flint Castle. View of the Eastern Tower, from the Courtyard (by Miss Louise Rayner) .......... 26 Tailpiece — Ancient Helmets (by Mr. R. D. Maddock, Chester) . . 36 Richard II. at Flint Castle, where he was delivered prisoner to Boling- broke, his rival to the throne (from an illuminated French MS. in the British Museum, a.d. 1309) 77 King Richard's favourite greyhound, " Mathe," deserts him in the courtyard of Flint Castle, and fawns upon the Duke of Lancaster (by Mr. Randolph Caldecott) 80 The Old Parish Church, Flint (from a sketch by Mr. D. Parkes, in the Gentleman'' s Magazine, Jzxmzry, 1801) . . . . . ,119 Tailpiece (by Mr. Randolph Caldecott) ....... 132 Plan of Flint Castle and Town (by John Speede, 1610) .... 137 The Mace : the Crown of the Mace, showing the Arms and Monograms of William and Mary (from Photographs by Mr. G. W. Webster, of Chester) 151 The Old Town Hall and Stocks, Flint (by Mr. Randolph Caldecott) . 179 View of Flint in 1826 (by Miss Sidney Massie, Pulford, Chester) . . 187 The New Town Hall, Flint (by Mr. H. Beswick, Chester) . . .202 The New Parish Church, Flint (by Mr. H. Beswick, Chester) . .212 Flint Castle. View from the Eastern Tower (reproduced from "Our Own Country," by permission of Messrs. Cassell, Better, Galpin, and Co.) 21S Tailpiece— The Loving Cup of the Corporation of Flint . . . 229 Tailpiece — Ancient Armour ......... 24S CHAPTER I. THE ROMAN, SAXON, AND NORMAN PERIODS. With an account of the Roman station at Crocs Ati ; also of the battle fought at Coleshill between Henry II. and Owen Gwynedd. — The " Earldom of Chester and Flint." The municipal borough of Flint consists of the whole of the parish of that name, and the township of Coleshill-Fawr, in the parish of Holywell. For parliamentary purposes the township of Coleshill- Fechan, in the latter parish, was in the year 1868 added to it. The Romans, during their occupation of Britain, formed a settle- ment in this district, for the purpose, it is presumed, of smelting lead obtained from Halkyn and the neighbourhood ; the site of which settlement is at Pentre, or, as its proper name is, Pcntre- ffwrn-dan, "the vill of the burning furnace." This site (of which more hereafter) still bears the name by which it was known at the time of the .Norman conquest, — viz., Croes Ati, supposed to have been derived from an ancient cross there placed. At the time the Domesday Book was written, it was evidently'- considered of importance, as it gave the name to the Norman Hundred of Atiscross. Later on the district seems to -have been known by the name of Coleshill, and the modern hundred of the county, in which the borough is situated, now bears that title. Mr. Thomas, in his History of the Diocese of St. Asaph, says, " It would seem as if the town had been transferred from the low ground on the banks of the river to an elevated spot in the adjoining district, thence called the Colonists' Hill ; " the colonists being, it is presumed, the Romans or other foreigners, as contradistinguished from the native Welsh : and he gives as his authority Roscoe's Wanderings in Wales, his derivation being Colonits altiim, hence Consallt, or Cynsyllt. Pennant says the township of Coleshill takes its name from the I 2 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. abundance of coal which is there produced. But, whatever be the derivation of the name, it had evidently supplanted the older one of Atiscross, and the district was known by that appellation, in the time of Edward I. At this latter period, however, Cokshill itself gave way to the name Flint. King Edward, realizing the importance of the river, built his stronghold to protect the ford which then existed and still exists at low tides, although somewhat dangerous, across the Dee at the point where the castle is placed, and which was called Castnan apiid Fluentwn ; this last-named word in the course of time being corrupted into Flynt. Extant records of Edward's reign relating to Flint are dated " Apud le Flynt," and there is no doubt that the article le gives the clue to the name, and settles it beyond dispute. This view of the etymology of the name was supported by the late Lord Hanmer, who, as Sir John Hanmer, Bart., represented the Flint Boroughs for twenty-six years in Parliament, and whose opinion as an antiquary and as a scholar is to be respected, in addition to his great local knowledge of all matters relating to the borough. Other derivations are given : one is that Silex or petro-silex is a predominant feature of the geology of the surrounding country ; another, that the name was ancient Welsh — Fflyii, a shred, a severed part — a name the inde- pendent Britons would naturally give the country after it had submitted to the Roman yoke, which it is evident it did long prior to the other subdued parts of Wales ; and that the ancient name of the country was given to the shire, and from the shire to the principal town. A writer in " Bygones," in the Oswestry Adver- tiser, some years ago, also suggested that the original word was Llyn-dinas (the lake fortress), corrupted into Flyn-dinas, shortened into Flyn-d, and sharpened in Flynt ; but the true derivation is the one before given. It is a curious circumstance that the names Atiscross and Coleshill, in addition to that of Flint, are still preserved in opposite parts of the borough to this day. When the Romans invaded Britain, this district was comprised in the territory of the Ordovices. After the conquest of the Ordovices by the Roman general Julius Agricola (to which allusion is made by Tacitus, the son-in-law of that general, in the eighteenth chapter of his "Agricola"), the county, or, at any rate, that portion of it forming the three modern hundreds of Coles- hill, Prestatyn, and Rhuddlan, was designated Tegangle or Teigangle, and was included among the portions of the country which constituted the region denominated " Britannia Secunda." This name, Tegangle, is derived from Caugi or Ceangi, the deno- mination of a sect of Britons, not a tribe, who were supposed to be a portion of people from each division of Britain, who tended HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Plate I. ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, FOUND AT PENTRE, FLINT. THE ROMAN, SAXON, AND NORMAN PERIODS. Plate II. CA £S^ mM>^0'M60. ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, FOUND AT PENTRE, FLINT. THE ROMAN, SAXON, AND NORMAN PERIODS, 7 the flocks and herds, and took up their residence for that purpose in distant and varied pastures, at different seasons of the year. A writer says the neighbouring Cornavii had their Ccattgi, who wintered in Wirral, and took up their summer residence in Tegangle. Referring to Atiscross, Pennant says : ' 'A cross stood there, the pedestal of which I remember to have seen stand- ing. There is a tradition that, in very old times, there stood a large town at this place; and, it is said, the foundations of buildings have been frequently turned up by the plough. But more remarkable are the great quantities of scoria of lead, bits of lead ore, and fragments of melted lead, which have been discovered in several spots here, and along the country just above the shore in the adjoining parish of Northop. These have of late been found to contain such quantities of lead as to encourage the washers of ore to farm the spots." And he goes on to say that, in this tract, numbers of tons of lead have been gotten in a short time, especially at Pentre-ffwrn- DAN, a name which evinces the antiquity of smelting in these parts. He also refers to a then (1810) recent discovery of Roman coins, fibulae, and a variety of antique instruments, by workmen in the old washings near Pentre, and describes them, with illustrations, as follows : — "No. I, tab. I., is a rich ornament of gold, in form of a button with a shank. It is composed elegantly with twisted wire, and studded with little globular bits of solid gold. This seems to have belonged to the bracelet or necklace (it is uncertain which) whose fragment is represented at No. 2. This is also composed of gold links, with round beads of a rich blue glass placed between every second link. " No. 3 is a cylindric fragment of glass, probably part of some ornament, being of a rich blue colour, and perforated as if it was designed to be strung. With it was found a thick piece of sea-green glass, part of a vase. Glass was among the earlier imports into Britain, when the wild natives were as much captivated with toys as the hidians of new-discovered countries are at present. " No. 4 is a small brazen head, with the back part affixed to iron. " No. 5 is a stylus, or instrument for writing on the cerates tabcl/a, or waxen tablets ; which were made of thin leaves of lead, brass, or ivory, and covered with a thin coat of wax. The pen, if I may call it so, was usually of brass ; one end pointed, in order to write ; the other flat, in order to efface what was wrong, by smoothing or closing the wax. Horace gives every writer most excellent advice in alluding to this practice : " ' Soepe styluni vertas, iterum qua: digna legi sint, Scripturus.' (Oft turn your style, when you intend to write things worthy to be read.) *' No. 6 is an instrument of very singular use : a narrow species of spoon, destined to collect at funerals the tears of the relations of the deceased, in order to deposit them in the little phials which were placed with the ashes in the urn, memorials of their grief Such are very frequently found ; but the custom is far higher than that of classical antiquity, for the Psalmist, in expressing his sorrows, alludes to it : ' Thou idlest tny Jiittings ; put my tears into Thy bottle.'' •• No. 7 is an instrument seemingly designed for the purpose of dressing the •wicks of lamps. 8 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. "No, 8 may possibly be destined for the same use. " No. 9 is a brazen bodkin. " No. lo is a fibula or brooch ; gilt, and enamelled with deep blue in front. *' No. II is a brooch, not unlike some used at present by the Scottish High- landers. "No. 12 is also a species of button; but differs from the modern (as do all I have seen) by having no shank ; instead was a tongue, similar to those of the commonjibulir. The front of this is enamelled with deep blue. " No. 13 is another, of a very different form. This has also lost \\.% fibula, but the defect is very apparent. "No. 14 is z.fo7-ceps; an instrument much in vogue among the Romans iox extirpating hairs. " Nos. 15, 15, seem to have been instruments of sacrifice. One end of each is round, and of the form of an olive ; and was intended for the use of the aruspices, to insinuate under the entrails of the victim and to lift them up for the better inspection of the parts. The other extremity of the longer instru- ment is fonned into a spoon, for the purpose of putting the frankincense into the censer. " No. 16 is a brass nail. "No. 17, tab. II., is one of those i?«//rr. oramulets, called Ithyphalliis, inform of a heart, with a figure (in which decency was little consulted) on the upper part. These were suspended from the necks of children, and originally designed to preserve them from the effects of envy ; afterwards from all kinds of evil. I cannot help thinking that the good nurses had another view — that of attract- ing (in years of maturity) the afiections of the fair towards their little favourite. "' Hunc optent generum Rex et Regina ; puellae Hunc rapiant. Quicquid calcaverit hie, Rosa fiat.' (Wherever he treads let there rise up a rose, And the ladies die for him wherever he goes.) "No. 18 is a locket with a hole at one end, in order to suspend it round the neck, or fasten it to the \\Tist. " No. 19, a key, which gives no very high idea of the elegance o^ihe Hovian locksmiths, " No. 20 is one of a nicerform, and which served both for a ring and key. It possibly was designed for the cabinet of a Roman lady, or some Bdlus homo. "No. 21, two rings ; one of brass, the other of silver wire. "No. 22, a brazen weight, belonging to a mason's levelling instrument, answerable to a modern plummet. " No. 23, another of lead, belonging to a fishing-net. " No. 24, the tongue of an ordinary yf/'z/Za. "Nos. 25, 25, pieces of copper of Roman manufacture, found at Caerhen, the ancient Conovium, near Conway. . " No. 26, Roman pig of lead, supposed to have been made of Flintshire lead. " These are the subjects I thought most worthy of engraving ; there were multitudes of other things found in the same place; but almost all of them so mutilated, or injured by time, as to be rendered quite unintelligible.'' Within comparatively speaking recent times, pieces of glass tiles, and other evidences of Roman occupation, have been found at Crocs Ati. All these facts go to prove that the Romans made Pentre their port for exporting the metal after it was fused from the ore of the adjacent mountains. Here might be placed a small garrison to protect the ancient smelters, or to collect the duties, THE ROMAN, SAXON, AND NORMAN PERIODS. 9 or to receive the tribute of metal ; such garrison in all probability forming part of the celebrated Valerian and Victorious XX. legion, which was stationed at Deva, the modern Chester. But not only was smelting carried on at Atiscross, but also at the old smelting works at Flint,* which are now absorbed in the large alkali works of Messrs. Muspratt Bros, and Huntley, and of which Pennant says, " There is no limiting their antiquity." In fact, the district along the shore always has been, as it is now, one ot burning fiery furnaces. We must not omit to mention also that at " Gwaith y Coed," or " the Work of the Wood," near to the town, probably erected for the convenience of fuel, several furnace bottoms have been foUnd, together with a perfect tin containing litharge : there were also found several test bottoms, composed of bone-earth, precisely the same as those used at the present day. These two facts prove that the mode of separating silver by oxidising the baser metal was practised at a period of great anti'quity. We may here mention that it is highly probable that the term Flint Glass was derived from the fact of its being manufactured at Flint, as a glass-works formerly existed near where the present town hall stands, and great quantities of fragments of melting pots and glass were found in sinking the foundation of the gateway to the late Mr. Haywood's property some years ago. The Report of the British Archaeological Association, on their visit to Flint in 1849, says,— " As the mineral flint is a compound part of all kinds of glass, there is no reason to suppose that this term should be applied solely as indicative of that description which is manufactured by the aid of lead ; whilst, on the other hand, it is highly probable that the first locality for that branch of the glass manu- facture should be at a spot where the lead required for its formation could be obtained in abundance, particularly as in addition to the raw materials the vicinity of Flint has abounded in ancient times with fuel, whether that was derived from forests or mines." During the Saxon dynasty, the district was included in that called Englcjield [probdihly Englandfield or Englishfield in Cambria], which surrendered, immediately after Chester, to the arms ot Egbert. Its early reduction was facilitated by the natural circum- stances of the country. Open and devoid of those lofty crags which characterize many other parts of North Wales, it did not possess equal means of defence against such a powerful enemy. * About the year 1 700, whilst digging for the foundation of a copper-works, a Roman hypocaust, or hot-bath, was discovered here. In Messrs. Roskell and Go's, time Roman tiles and bricks were also brought to light. Salt works at one time existed on this spot, called the " Gwaith-Halen.'' In the year 1833 six thousand tons of lead were annually smelted at the Flint works, from which nearly forty thousand ounces of fine silver were extracted. 10 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. In 870, RoDERic the Great, King of all Wales, made a division of his dominions among his three sons, and ordained that if any quarrel should arise between the Princes of North Wales and PowYS, a meeting should be held on Morfa-Rhianedd, on the banks of the Dee, near the site of the present town of Flint, in which the Prince of South Wales was to determine the controvers}^ Prior to the Norman conquest, the district was in the hands of Edwin, the last Earl of Mercia. Near to Bryn Edwin, on the southern boundary of the borough, are the foundations of an ancient pile called Llys Edwin, origi- nally the seat of Edwin, or Englefield ap Gronw, lord or king, as he was st3ded, of Tegangk. He was grandson to the great Welsh lawgiver Hoivcl Dda (the good), King or Prince of Wales, and who flourished about the year a.d. 1041. The Mostyns and many other families in the county spring from him, but most of them are extinct in the male linel It continued in his family until the death of a descendant of his, Howcl Gwyncdd, who lost his life in the cause of Owen Glyndwr, but of whom more hereafter. Here also reference should be made to the evidently artificial mound called Bryii-y-Cwu, or the Hill of Dogs, which. Pennant says, possibly may have been a hunting seat. The Domesday Book informs us that, at the time of the com- pilation of that record, Coleshill, or Colesell, as it is therein called,, was held by Robert de Rolent (Rhuddlan), a valiant Norman, nephew to Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, who was nephew to William the Conqueror. Co/«^/^ is included in the hundred oi Atiscross, which, compre- hended the district between the river Dee and the vale of Clwyd,. which was considered as parcel ©f Cheshire, or " Cestreccire," as it was then called. The Edwin referred to was the before men- tioned Edwin or Englefield ap Gronw. The entry is as follows : — " The same Robert holds Coleselt ; and Edwin, who also held it as a free- man, holds it of him. There is I. hide' rateable to the gelt.^ The land is I. carucate.^ The same is in the demesne there with I. Radman^ and ' The hide consisted of as much land as could be measured by an ox-hide cut into thongs, and embraced therefore no definite or exact quantity of land, but varied in different places, according to the advantages of situation, etc., of the particular vill. '■^ This gelt was a land tax of about ten per cent. It was first instituted by Ethelred the Unready, for the purpose of buying off the incursions of the Danes. ^ The carucatc, derived from caruca, a plough, has usually been taken ta mean a plough-land, or as much as a yoke of oxen, with one plough, can plough in a year. ^ The radmans — from the Saxon " rad," a road — performed some service on THE ROMAN, SAXON, AND NORMAN PERIODS. 11 IV. villeins* and II. Bordars.'^ It is worth X shillings. It was worth VI shillings." Immediately before the above, "Latbroc" (Leadbrook) and " Bachelie" (Bagillt) are mentioned, as also afterwards is Sychton (Soughton by Northop); so that we may take it "Coleselt" included the area within these three places, which is almost identical with that of the present borough of Flint. When the Conqueror gave to his nephew, Hugh Lupus, the Earldom of Chester, included with it was as much of Wales as could be recovered from the Welsh. Hence, in old records, it is stated that " the county of Flint appertaineth to the Sword of Chester," and was considered an appendage by right of conquest. In the time of Henry III., for want of male issue to John Scot^ the then possessor, the Earldom was seized by the Crown ; Henry then conferred the honour on the celebrated Simon de Montfort, on whose attainder it escheated to the Crown. Edward of Carnarvon was summoned to Parliament as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. In the subsequent reign Prince Edward (after- wards Edward III.) was created "Earl of Chester and Flint'^ within a few days from his birth ; but in after years, on being invested with the executive power, relinquished the inferior dignity in favour of his eldest son, the Black Prince, which title was conferred by a charter dated at Pomfret the i8th May, in the seventh year of that monarch's reign. By virtue of this deed the king granted unto the new-created earl the castles of Chester, Beston (Beeston), Rothlan (Rhuddlan), and Flint, and all his lands there, and also the cantred and lands of Englefield, etc., etc.,. to hold for himself and his heirs, the kings of England ; and by another charter, dated the following day, the goods, stock, arms, and other personal effects in such castles and places, were likewise given to the Prince. The succeeding kings of England, when they created their sons, the heirs apparent to the Crown, princes of Wales, at the same time invested them with the Earldom; and by their respective charters on these occasions recapitulated the items contained in the grant to the Black Prince. From this short account of the all-powerful Earldom of Chester in days of yore, it will be seen that it is the oldest title the present the road, either with or without horses. They were vassals sometimes, but at others free. * The villeins formed the most numerous class of vassals under the feudal system. They had to do whatever their lord commanded, and could acquire no property in either land or goods. No wonder that the word villein, a term of feudal origin, is become one of reproach. " The l?07-dar he\d his cabin and piece of land upon the condition of supplying poultry, eggs, and other small articles of food, for the lord's table. 12 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Prince of Wales has. It is evident that Flint was considered a very important appendage to this Earldom, as, from time to time, the name of Flint has been associated with that of Chester, the title adopted being that of Earl of Chester and Flint. We extract the following from a little book entitled, A Help to English History, by Peter Heylyn, D.D., published in 1680 : — "Edward of Windsor, eldest son of King Edward II., was summoned by his father to the Parliament by the name of Earl of C//t?.rft.'r and v^/eW; since which it hath continued as a title in the Princes of Wales ; and there you shall be sure to find who were Earls of Flint.' A statute made in 34 Hen. VIII. ordained that the " Originall Scale of Chester shall be, and stand for the Originall Scale of PALATINATE SEAL, CHESTER AND FLINT, 1660. Flint, and shall be in the custody of the Chamberlain of Chester." On the reverse side of a seal, temp. Car. II., in the collection ot the late Sir Philip de M. Grey Ecerton, Bart., M.P., F.S.A, the legend is "Comitatus Palatini sui Cestri^ et Flint, anno 1660." We here give an illustration of it. Prince George, afterwards George II., eldest surviving son of George I., was the last Prince of Wales who seems to have adopted the title. He was created Earl of Chester and Flint on the 27th September, 1714. It is assumed the title is now considered as in abeyance, as the Earldom of Flint has never been granted to any subject not of the blood royal. It is true, it is said, that the celebrated Judge Jeffreys applied for it, and that at the time of his death the patent was prepared, and ready to pass the great seal. However, it did not pass ; but as Lord Campbell, in his Lives of the Chancellors, THE ROMAN, SAXON, AND NORMAN PERIODS, I J) says, " If the Dutch fleet had met with a storm, he might have lived and died Earl of Flint, and then who can tell whether he would not have appeared in different colours to posterity ?" In 1 1 50, Randal, Earl of Chester, assisted by Madoc ap Meredydd, Prince of Pow\'s, invaded North Wales. Owen GwYNEDD, Prince of North Wales, met them at Coleshill, and there defeated them so effectuall}' that few escaped with their lives except prisoners and some of the commanding officers, who were saved by the swiftness of their horses. Soon after his accession to the throne, in 11 57, Henry II. deter- mined to attempt the subjugation of Wales, and, with this object, he collected, from difterent parts of England, a very formidable army, with which he marched to Chester ; and thence, advancing into the present Flintshire, he encamped his forces on Saltney Marsh, which bordered on the River Dee. Owen Gwynedd advanced to meet him, and took post at Basingwerk. After inflicting great loss upon the English at Ewloe, the Welsh were ultimately repulsed at the battle of Coleshill. The following account of this engagement is extracted from an essay written by Mr. Edward Parry, of Chester, for the Royal Denbigh Eisteddfod on ''The Flintshire Castles," in i8.?8, and for w^hich he obtained the Society's medal : — "Adjoining the castle of EwLOE there is a wood, still called Ewloe wood, very celebrated for the memorable repulse that a part of the flower of Henry the Second's army received in 1157 from David and Conan, sons of Owen Gwynedd. This warrior had his forces encamped near Basingwerk; but, in order to" stop the progress of Henry's army, he sent his sons with a stray detachment of his forces to this wood. After reconnoitring awhile, some skirmishes commenced ; these were but feints to draw the English into the dangerous and narrow passes between the hills. They suffered the army to advance along the straights ; and Henry, too confident in the strength and discipline of his troops, ordered them to march forward, till at length his forces got entangled in the wood, and other snares which were laid for them. The Welsh in the mountain sprang upon the enemy all of a sudden, and so fiercely and unexpectedly, that the cries of the English were horrible, and the slaughter equally dreadful. The remaining part of the English were routed in all direc- tions, and followed even to Henry's camp, which then lay on Saltney Marsh, near Chester. The result of this battle, one might think, would have repressed Henry's hope of success ; but he was not intimidated, and immediately broke up his camp, and with a resolute will adopted other decided measures ; for he marched his army along the coast of the Dee as far as Coleshill, with a view of throwing himself into the rear of Owen's forces and cutting off their com- munications with supplies ; but before this could be done, he was obliged to suffer himself to have another engagement, and under disadvantages equal to those that part of his army had before experienced. He was again defeated, and Eustance Fitz-John and Robert de Courci, two of his barons, high in rank and courage, were slain in battle. Henry de Essex, standard-bearer of England, also was seized with a panic ; he threw down the standard, and with vehemence cried out, ' The king is slain ! ' The alarm flew with electric rapidity through the English ranks ; the Welsh, profiting by this incident. 14 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. defeated a part of the enemy. The rout would have been general, had not Henry himself made his appearance at the moment. He immediately rallied his forces, repulsed the Welsh with double fury, and advanced his army a second time to endeavour to get between Owen and the mountains." The cautious Welshman was, however, too many for him. He sounded a retreat from a hill above Bagillt, to this day called " Bryn dychwelwch" (or the Hill of Retreat), and accordingly retired to a spot near to St. Asaph, which is also still called " Cil Owain" (or Owen's Retreat), where he effectually evaded the designs of his enemy. Round about the scene of the iDattle different fields are to this day known as " the field of the wounded," " the field of the standard," etc. Henry de Essex was disgraced for his conduct in the battle of CoLESHiLL. Six years afterwards, in a quarrel with Robert de MoNTFORT, the latter openly accused him of treason and of throwing down the standard with the intention of betraying the king. Henry de Essex retorted the charge, and the cause was decided by judicial combat on an island in the Thames, near Reading. The standard- bearer was vanquished, and left for dead, and his body was carried by the monks to the church to be buried there. But when released from the weight of his armour he recovered, and soon afterwards became one of the shorn monks of the abbey of Reading. This account is given in the Chronica Joscelini de Brokelouda, edited by Mr. Rokewood for the Camden Society, and differs from the one commonly given. Josceline de Brakelonda, however, received it from Henry de Essex's own mouth, after the latter had taken the cowl at Reading. The standard-bearer told him he really believed the king had been slain. Before closing this chapter, reference must be made to a grant of David ap Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, to the abbey of Basing- VVERK, dated 1240, whereby he gave to that abbey "the churche of Halliwelle with the chapel of Colsul." Mr. Pennant says that Flint must have been the site of this chapel. Mr. Thomas, in his History of the Diocese of St. Asaph, seems to infer that, because the chapel is mentioned in conjunction with Holywell Church, and the fact that Flint Church in latter times was appendant to Northop, Colsul chapel must have been situate within the present town- ship of Coleshill in Holy'well parish; but at this period parochial divisions had not been made. The district was undoubtedly known as Coleshill, and being contiguous to Holywell, and both the church and chapel being in the immediate neighbourhood of Basingwerk, the Prince would naturally grant each of them to the abbey, which would doubtless provide both of them with monastic vicars chosen from its own fraternity. For reasons hereafter given we venture to think that the site of the present parish church of Flint is that of the ancient " capclla dc Colshul" CHAPTER II. FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED AND CREATED A BOROUGH BY EDWARD L We now approach an important era in the history of Flint. Henry III. died on the i6th November, 1272. His son Edward I. was at the time returning home from a Crusade in Palestine; but soon after his coronation he inaugurated his reign by immense preparations for a vigorous attack upon Llewelyn ap Gryffyth, Prince of Wales, and his hitherto unconquerable people. It is not our province to dilate upon the war between the two princes, and the ultimate subjugation of Wales ; suffice it to say that, in July 1277, the English monarch summoned all his vassals to take the field and meet him with their retainers at Chester, from which city he issued a proclamation commanding all persons in Cheshire that possessed ;/^20 per annum to attend him there, to be made knights at their own expense. From a MS. in the Harleian collection, Edward on this occasion crossed the estuary of the Dee on horseback at " Shotwick Forde " ; " which forde," says the MS., " doethe still continue," but it has in fact long been done away with, and is now known as the "Wild Marsh." He advanced to the present Flint, and on the low freestone rock which juts out into the river in a north-eastern direction from the town, and which commands the old Roman ford, to which we have before alluded, he erected the present Castle. The period when the Castle was originally erected appears to have been much questioned by historians. Camden asserts that it was begun by Henry II. in 1157, and finished by Edward I. Lord Lyttelton is of the same opinion. Leland attributes its foun- dation to Edward I. Pennant frankly says, "The founder of this castle is uncertain." Mr. Edward Parry, in his essay, says the probability is that Henry, subsequent to his signal defeat at Ewloe, and the great dismay which followed at Coleshill, in order to cover his army and prevent such disaster in future, might have i6 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT, caused some sort of fortification to have been erected here. Mr. William Beamont, in al paper read before the Chester Archceological and Historic Society, says, — " Even in the poet's day {Shakespeare) the castle (Flint) must have shown signs of ruin, for, approaching its walls, not only does he make Bolingbroke thus commission Northumberland, — " ' Go to the rude ribs of that ancient castle, Through brazen trumpet send the breath of parley Into his loiined ears,' i3 Gr GROUND-PLAN OF FLINT CASTLE. but in another place he speaks also of its tottered battlements. Shakespeare must have seen this venerable castle, and been familiar with its appearance, when he thus twice alluded to its ruined state." The Rev. Charles Hartshorne, in a paper read before the same Society, stated there were no accounts of the expenses of erecting Flint and Rhuddlan Castles, and others seem to be of the same opinion. This, however, is a mistake, for at the Public Record Office, London, there is a roll on which will be found entries of payments made " for the coustritction of the castle of Flind," between Sunday, the 25th day of July (1277), and the seventh day following " Sunday, the day of the beheading of Saint John the Baptist," — viz., 28th day of August following. The total amount of these payments is ;^922 us. ?>ld., a. sum equal to / 4* !=«>** P'f- ^^5 viy ti!<^jMH» 1 i\ ^4 ^^^.r\ b til S z o o u < III X t- Q Z < h S o « u s h 2 O z < X h 2 o (- c n z < U (- a X u X H o V) Id X H o (£ b. m" i-l < H 2 B. O a. ui w X FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED. 19 ;^io,ooo orp^i4,oooin these days. Of this amount ^6 13 2s. 8|(/. was paid to dykers, who were paid at the rate of threepence a day; their " twenty men," or foremen, as we should now call them, being paid fourpence a day. So large a number being employed may have been occasioned by the river having to be dammed out while the works were proceeding ; or perhaps they were engaged also in making the moat around the town, which, from the traces of it met with in the present day, must have been a very wide and deep one ; — or, were they labourers as well as dyke makers ? Carpenters were paid ^{^162 14s. 8d., their wages being at the rate of fourpence per day, and their "twentymen" sixpence. The masons were paid at the same rate a sum of ^31 6s. 4d. The woodcutters received ^100 ^s. gd., being paid at the same rate per diem as the dykers. The smiths' wages were fourpence a day, and their boys twopence ; the total amount paid to them being ;^6 5s. 8^., and to quarrymen ;^5 5s. A sum of ^2 4s. 6d. was also paid to carbonarii, who were, it is presumed, colliers. The modest sum of ^1 gs., being at the rate of one shilling a day, was paid to the engineer or architect. This person, we find from these entries, was Richard L'Engenour or Ingeniator, who built the Dee Mills and Weir at Chester, and filled the office of Mayor of that ancient city in 1304. Edward I. evidently super- intended in person the building of Flint Castle. He pitched his camp at Basingwerk in the latter end of July 1277, and remained there while the castle was being built. From these entries it seems clear that he was personally watching the erection of this castle, for we here find recorded a payment of ^s. — "To certain dykers working well for the same days (the 6 days following Sunday in the Feast of the blessed Peter ad Vincula : ist day of August) of the gift of the King." And again, for the seven days following Sunday, being the 22nd August : — - "To 2 Smiths and their 6 boys going with the King, 17^-. 6d." On the 25th August he was at Rhuddlan, and evidently these smiths and their boys accompanied him thither. These entries doubtless establish the fact, hitherto questioned, that King Edward I. was the founder of Flint Castle. The following is a copy in full of the entries on this roll : — '■^Exchequer, Queen^s Remembrancer, Miscellanea, Army, No. y. "Flynd. ^^ Dykers. Sunday, 25th day of July, to 720 Dykers in whose number are 36 Twenty-men, each Dyker receiving by the day "^d,, and each Twenty-man 4^/. by the day : Ite/n to one master dyker receiving by the day 6d. ; for their wages from the said Sunday up to the Saturday following for seven days, by the hands of Peter de Brampton, knight 64 4 6 20 " HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. " Carpenters. To wit, to loo carpenters with 5 twenty-men, each receiving as above, going into the Forest of Textar, belong- ing to the lord Edward, cousin of the King, to fell trees for the eojtstruction of the Castle of Flind, for their wages from the said Sunday up to the Saturday next after the Feast of the blessed Peter Ad Vincula, each day being reckoned, for fourteen days, by the hands of Hugh de Cretoii 23 8 2 "To Richard the engineer of Chester, for his wages for the said fourteen days 14 o '■'■Item to 230 Carpenters with 11 twenty-men, staying with the army, for their wages, for the seven days following, the said Sunday included, by the hands of the aforesaid Walter [de Jaye, knight,] and Robert [de Belvero] 27 10 6 " Masons. To wit, to 200 masons under Thomas de Graham their master, each receiving as above, for their wages for the afore- said seven days, by the hands of the aforesaid Peter [de Champe, knight,] and William [de Pertoii, clerk] 24 5 4 " Wood-cutters. To wit, to 320 wood-cutters with 16 twenty-men, each receiving as above, for their wages for the said seven days, by the hands of the aforesaid Gilbert [de Brideshale, knight,] and John [de Spoforde, clerk] 28 19 3 " Dykers. Monday on the morrow of Saint James, at Flynd, to 180 dykers with 9 twenty-men, each receiving as above, for their wages from the said Monday up to the Saturday following, for six days, by the hands of Peter de Bramptofi 13 14 6 " Item for the wages of two master dykers for the said six days 4 o "To wit, to 25 dykers with one twenty-man, each receiving as above, for their wages for the Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday next after the Feast of Saint James the Apostle I II 8 " Smiths. To 3 smiths, each receiving by the day a,d., and their 6 boys, each receiving by the day 2d., for their wages for six days next after Saint James's Day 12 •'To wit, to 24 dykers and one master, each receiving as above, for their wages for the Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday before the Feast of the blessed Peter Ad Vincula 164 " To a certain smith and his two boys, receiving as the afore- said smiths, for their wages for the said four days 2 8 "To wit : the sum 186/. 12^-. \\d. " Flynd. " Wednesday next after the Feast of Saint James the Apostle, to 20 dykers, receiving as above, for their wages for the Thurs- day, Friday and Saturday next following, by the hands of Peter de Brampton 15 3 ' CarbonaHi.^ To 5 ' carbonarii,' each receiving by the day 4d. " Qtiarry-men. Sunday, 22 August, to 45 quarry-men, each receiv- ing by the day 4;/., for their wages from the said Sunday up to the Saturday following, for seven days, by the hands of William de Pertoii 5 5 " Dykers. To 740 dykers with their twenty-men, each receiving as above, for their wages for the said seven days, except for half a day on Saint Bartholomew's Day, by the hands of Peter de Bramptoii 62 7 2h " Carpenters. To wit, to 205 carpenters with their twenty-men, each receiving as above, for their wages for the said seven days, by the hands of Walter de Jaye 24 10 " And for the wages of 2 carpenters for three days 2 "To Master Richard the Engineer, receiving by the day \2.d., for his wages for fifteen days last past 15 '^^ Hoiland'-dykers. To wit, to 260 dykers from the parts of Hoy- lande, each receiving by the day as above, for their wages for the aforesaid nine days, by the hands of W. de Sancto Botulpho 25 9 7 " Smiths. To 7ait, to 2 smiths and their 6 boys going zaith theViliSiG, each receiving as before, for their wages for the aforesaid seven days 17 6 " Carpenters. To 5 carpenteis staying with the Earl of Gloucester to ivorkfor two days by the commandment of the King, for their wages 3 4 " Sunday, the day of the beheading of St. John the Baptist, to 100 carpenters, each receiving as above, for their wages for the said Sunday and the six days following, by the hands of Walter de Jaye _ II 19 2 "Masons. To wit, to 15 masons, each receiving as above, for their wages for the said seven days, by the hands of Peter de Camp' 115 * ' Smiths. To wit, to 2 smiths and their 6 boys, each receiving as above, for their wages for the said seven days 17 ^ '■^Dykers. To wit, to 200 dykers with their twenty-men, each receiving by the day T,d., for their wages for the said seven days, by the hands of John de Spofford' 17 I5 1° " To wit : [including items amounting to ;^l2-l7-8 relating to "Gannon"] the sum 164/. 14^. C)\d. 24 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. *' Gannon." (Here follow the accounts relating solely to this Castle. ) The roll is endorsed : — "Roll of the wages of carpenters, masons, smiths, dykers and other work- "men who were in the King's army at Flind and Rodelan in the time " of the war in Wales, in the fifth year of the reign of King Edward, and " paid by Master Thomas Beke, then Keeper of the Wardrobe of the "aforesaid King." The Castle building itself was originally of a square form,. .,,^^^*^^ ^g^ L,?v. EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE EASTERN TOWER OF FLINT CASTLE. Strengthened by four large circular towers; the one^at the south was disjoined, but had a communication with the other part by means of a drawbridge, and was called a keep, donjon, or double tower. We give an illustration of it taken from the S.W. b}- Miss Rayner. It appears from the present remains to have been much larger than the others ; and consists of two concentric walls, each six feet thick, comprising between them an open space of twenty feet diameter. Its interior had a gallery to which the garrison might retire as a last resort. This had a sort of zig-zag communication FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED. 25 up and down, which sloped towards the Castle, and was furnished with four Early English openings. The windows were all upon the upper floors, which latter probably formed the State Apartments. The Castle embraced a square area of about half an- acre. The remaining pointed windows on the west and south sides are sufficient to indicate that this, like many other ancient buildings,, was altered according to the prevailing architecture of the time. On the south side, it formerly had an outwork called the barbican, which consisted of a square tower in the Norman style, with a gateway and portcullis : this, however, was nothing more than a kind of postern which led to a bridge, which joined the Castle to the Town. The following description of the Castle is taken from the Archceologia Cambrensis of 1847 • — " The Castle of Flint, though not one of the largest and most magnificent in Wales, is of great architectural and historical value. Like Rhuddlan and Beaumaris, it is one of the regularly formed buildings of the military architects of the thirteenth century; i.e., the building was scarcely formed to accom- modate the ground, but rather to suit the designs and taste of the planner. Thus the Castle of Beaumaris, situated in a swamp, forms a square within a regular pentagon ; that of Rhuddlan forms a square with truncated corners, or an irregular octagon, within a square ; that of Flint forms a square also with truncated corners, and is further remarkable from having its Keep detached from the Citadel, and lying actually outside it. The quoins and most of the ornamental stones have been removed, probably by the cupidity of unauthorized persons for use in building houses, etc. ; and at the present time (1847) the sea at high tides washes the base of the wall on two sides and has greatly undermined and sapped two towers. It is also 'attacking the base of the Keep ; while the curtain, that extended from the Eastern Toiver to the Keep, is destroyed, and part of the North-Eastern curtain has disappeared. The general contour and outline of the building remains, and it forms one of the most valuable monuments possessed by the county. '• The Keep is the most remarkable, in one point of view, in North Wales ;: inasmuch as it has, as it were, one circular tower inside another, formed by enormous circular galleries ; and also from its great diameter. "The ashler zoork of the whole castle has been very fine ; the stones being regular in size, carefully put together, and of most harmonious colour and appearance. '• The portions of the masonry still standing are tolerably solid, and the whole might be repaired on the excellent principle adopted by the Board of Woods and Forests for Caernarvon Castle — viz., that of securing every existing stone in its actual place, and of adding to building as little as possible .!^S°° might suffice for the reparation of the whole of the building. The reparation should consist — " I. Of securing from further decay those portions of the towers and curtains which threaten ruin. " 2. Of repairing and restoring the Keep, the most important feature of the whole edifice. In this the breaches in the lower portions of the walls should be stopped and the ancient entrance by the drawbridge restored. " Since the above was written the county authorities have erected a strong stone wall around the unprotected parts of the Castle,, 26 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. and moreover the sea has of late formed banks of sand, and cinders from the neighbouring works, around the building, which form a protection to the foundations. The present worthy Constable also has recently erected a small cottage within the walls, but at a distance from the Castle, which is occupied by a man and his wife, Vv^ho take charge of the ruins and keep the grounds in order. All this is of course a great improvement, but yet nothing has been done to preserve the remains themselves from further decay; and we fear that unless the Eastern Tower is strengthened it will, before long, collapse, for it has been greatly shaken by the late severe winters. We give two illustrations of this tower by Miss Rayner. The smaller one is a view of it from the exterior of the Castle, and the larger one is taken from the square or courtyard. Although the Keep may be the most important part of the build- ing, yet we think this is the most picturesque of all the remains, and it will be a misfortune if it is allowed to fall. Now that the Castle is properly fenced in, we think that a con- siderably less sum than ;^5oo will suffice to preserve the existing ruins from further decay for a long time to come. We trust that the county authorities will see their way to at once do what is requisite to keep together this most important monument of ancient times, whose erection in fact brought them into existence. Miss Rayner has kindly presented us with a frontispiece show- ing the Ruins of the Castle, as they now stand, when viewed from Flint Marsh, which is distant about a quarter of a mile from the Castle, on its easterly side. In Speed's Map of Flintshire (date 1610), there is a plan of the Castle and Town, showing the moat and position of the Gates : this map having been, made before the dismantlement of the Castle, is of much interest, and we hereafter give it when referring to the " slighting " of this fortress by order of the Parliament in 1646. The year after the erection of the Castle (1278), Edward made a grant of a Market and Fair to the Town of Flint, which was dated at Dover on the fourth of February. It will be found at the Record Office on the Welsh Roll of 6 Edward I., memb. xi. The following is a translation of it : — "The King to his beloved and faithful Gunecelm de Badelesmere, his justiciary of Chester, and Howell ap Griffin, his Bailiff of Hundreds, greeting. Because We will that there be a certain Market at our town of Flint, on Thursday in every week, and one Fair there every year to last for nine days, namely : — on the Eve, the Day, and the Morrow of Pentecost, and for the six days following, with all liberties and free customs to such Market and P'air appertaining, — Therefore We command you that you cause the aforesaid Market and Fair to be publicly proclaimed throughout the whole of your Bailiwick and to be firmly held. Witness as above " [i.e. at Dover on the fourth day of February.] FLINT CASTLE.— VIEW OF THE EASTERN TOWER, FROM THE COURTYARD, WITH PARKGATE, ON THE WIRRAL COAST, IN THE DISTANCE. FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED. 29 An order was issued in 1280 for the custody of the gate, when probably the Castle was first garrisoned and the Constable was appointed at an annual salary of ;^io, the amount now paid to the present Constable. In 1281 the men of Flint, amongst other grievances, complained " that the King builded the Castell on their soil, by which means the noblest and best of the countrie be injured," and although the Justices had received the Royal Mandate to grant them remunera- tion of ground, equal in goodness and quality, they did not receive in lieu " neither land nor monie." Edward and Llewelyn about this time effected a treaty of peace, by which nearly the whole of the present counties of Flint and Denbigh were surrendered to the English : and Llewelyn journeyed to London, attended by the Barons of Snowdon and other noble- men of Wales, and did homage for the four cantreds of Rhos, Rhyfoniog, Tegengle, and Dyffryn Clwyd. The inhabitants of this ceded territory were exposed to many innovations by the English, as impolitic as they were vexatious ; and the rigorous exactions of the English officers, partial, oppressive, and repugnant to the manners of the people, heightened their sufferings to an insupportable degree, which resulted in a general insurrection. After surprising Hawarden Castle, and putting the garrison to the sword, Prince David joined his brother Llewelyn and invested Flint and Rhuddlan Castles, the only fortresses then in the possession of the English. Edward at once sent part of his forces to the relief of these Castles, the sieges of which were at once raised ; and he himself marched to Chester at the head of a great force, which was joined by the inhabitants of the Borders. He was at Flint in the beginning of July 1282, from whence he left for Rhuddlan, which he made his headquarters until nth March, 1283. His Queen and family were with him here, and doubtless they were at Flint also. At Rhuddlan subsequently he called his Parliament together, and they there passed the " Statutes of Rhuddlan." The following extracts relating to Flint are taken from a Roll containing an account of the expenses of King Edward I. at Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, in the loth and nth years of his reign (12S1 — 1282). [Given in Archceologia, xiv. p. t^-^ : — " Wednesday next after the feast of St. Michael, paid to eight constables and one hundred archers, being in the fortification of the Castle of Flint, for their wages from Tuesday on the Feast of St. Michael to the Monday next following, for the seven days ensuing, by the hands of Master William Pyforer 696 ' ' To Master R. Giffard, for the wages of the same archers, from the Tuesday next after the feast of St. Michael to the Monday next following for seven days, by the hands of Master William Piforer 696 3© HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. '■ Friday, the 3rd of September, paid for two carts, each with three horses, hired for the carnage of the baggage of the Queen's daughter from Rothelan to Flint, Chester, Wich [North- wich], and Macclesfield, for four days 9 4 ' ' For a cart with two horses, hired for the carriage of Margaret de Burgh, for the said four daj's 3 4 " For a cart with two horses hired to carry the baggage of the Maids of Honour of the Queen 3 4 "For a cart with three horses hired for the carriage of the baggage of the Lady de Hach 4 4 " For a cart with four horses hired for the carriage of the baggage of the Queen's wardrobe for the said four days 6 " Ultimately Llewelyn was slain on the banks of the Wye, and his head was brought to Edward at Conway Castle. A short while afterwards his brother David was taken prisoner and con- veyed to Rhuddlan, from whence he was sent to Shrewsbury, and there tried and cruelly put to death. Thus unhappily closed the sovereignty of the ancient British empire, which, according to Cambrian records, is said to have continued for 2418 years. On the 8th of September (1284) following, we find King Edward again at Flint, where he must have stayed for a few days : he was at Chester on the loth of that month. On this occasion he granted the first Charter to Flint, and created the Town a Free Borough, and the Constable of the Castle for the time being. Mayor o{ that Borough : the burgesses every 3'ear at Michaelmas were to elect two Bailiffs from among themselves. It will be found at the Record Office on Charter Roll No. 13, and also on the Patent Roll, Part L, No. 4. He appears on the same occasion to have granted similar Charters to Rhuddlan and Caernarvon, as the}' are dated at Flint on the same day. The following is a copy of the Flint Charter : — " Edward, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine, to his Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs, Stewards, Ministers, and all his Bailiffs and liege people, greeting : Know ye that We will and grant for us and our heirs that our Town of Flint hereafter be a free Borough, and our men of the same Town be free Burgesses ; and that the Constable of our Castle of Flint for the time being may be Mayor of that Borough, sworn as well for us as for the same Burgesses (oath being first made for the preservation of our rights), may swear to the same Burgesses on the holy Evangelists of God, that he will preserve the liberties granted to the same Burgesses, and will faithfully execute those things which belong to the office of Mayor, in the same Borough. " We also grant that the same Burgesses may every j^ear, on the feast of St. Michael, elect two fit and sufficient Bailiffs from among themselves, and present them to the said Constable as their Mayor, who in the presence of the said Mayor and Burgesses may swear that they will faithfully execute the office of their bailiwick. We also will and grant that the said Burgesses may have their free prison in the aforesaid Borough concerning all offences therein, cases of life and member excepted, in which cases all people, as well Burgesses as others, may be imprisoned in our Castle there ; nevertheless if any of the FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED. 31 said Burgesses should be charged, accused, or indicted for any offence in such like cases, We are unwilling that the)' should, on that account, be imprisoned, so long as {in case) they should find good and sufficient bail to stand trial thereon before our Chief Justice or other our Justices deputed for that purpose: Moreover, We grant to the same Burgesses that all the lands now assigned to the same Borough may be entirely diswarrened and deforested ' ; and that Jews may not dwell in the same Borough at any time. We also grant for us and our heirs to the same Burgesses the underwritten Liberties, that is to say, that none of our Sheriffs interfere with them concerning any trial, action, or charge, or any thing belonging to the aforesaid town (save however to us and our heirs, the pleas of our Crown as is aforesaid) ; and that they may have a Guild Mercatory, with a Company, and other Customs and Liberties belong- ing to that Guild ; that no one who may not be of that Guild may exercise Trade in the same town, unless with the consent of the aforesaid Burgesses. We also grant to them that if any bondsmen of any one should remain in the aforesaid Town, and should hold Land in it, and should be in the aforesaid Guild and Company, and should bear lot and scot ' with our same men during a year and a day, without being challenged, he may not be from thenceforth demanded by his Lord, but may remain free in the same Town : Moreover, We grant to our same Burgesses that they may have Sok, Sak, Thoolwin, and Theame, and Infangene ' thereof, and that they may be free through all our land from toll, lastage, passage, murage, pontage, and stallage,^ and from Line, Denegelt, and Gaywyte,^ and all other customs and demands in our whole dominion, as well in England as in all other our lands ; and that they or their goods, wheresoever found in our land or power, may not be arrested for any debt concerning which they may not be the securities or principal debtors, unless perchance the same debtors may be convicted concerning the same, and having the means whereby they can satisfy their debts entirely or in part ; and our said Burgesses should be wanting in justice to the creditors of the debtors, and of this it can be reasonably proved ; and that our same Burgesses for the offence or forfeiture of their servants may not lose their goods and chattels found in their hands, or deposited elsewhere by their same ser\-ants, ' Diswarrened and deforested. — Thrown open ; reduced from the privi- leges of a warren and a forest to a state of common ground. ''■ Scot and Lot, a customary contribution laid upon all subjects according to their ability. Whoever were assessed to any contribution, though not by equal portions, were said to pay scot and lot. ^ Sok was the power of holding a court in a district, manor, or borough. Sak was the privilege of holding courts, trying pleas and causes, imposing fines, and enjoying the forfeiture of offenders. Thoolwin, a writ lying for the burgesses of any town having a charter, to free them from toll against the officers of any town or market demanding toll for their merchandise. Tlieaine was the right of judging, restraining and having bondmen, natives and villeins, with their issue, goods and chattels. Infangene was the right of judging thieves taken in the borough. ^ Toll, lastage, passage, murage, pontage, and stallage, are certain dues demandable of persons having stalls with goods for sale in fairs or markets. Passage was the charge made for crossing a river or the sea by a ferry ; Pontage for crossing a bridge. The murage tolls were applied in maintaining the fortifications. ^ Dancgelt has been already explained. Gayivyte and Line are of Saxon origin, and have reference to some ancient dues of the Crown as supreme feudal lord of the kingdom. 32 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. so that they can sufficiently prove that they are theirs ; and also, that if the same Burgesses, or any of them, should die testate or intestate within our land or dominion, neither We nor our heirs will cause their goods to be confiscated, but their heirs may wholly have the same so far as it should appear that the said chattels belonged to the said deceased ; nevertheless, sufficient notice or assurance to be had from the said heirs : And that our said Burgesses be not convicted by any strangers upon any appeals, trials, inquiries, transgressions, crimes, claims, and demands charged or to be charged against them, within the county of Flint, and within the shores of the Conway and Dee, but only by our aforesaid Burgesses, unless for something touching the community of the aforesaid Borough ; and then, in that case, they may be brought according to the liberties approved and hitherto reasonably used in our city of Hereford : Wherefore, We will and firmly enjoin for us and our heirs, that our Town of Flint be hereafter a free Borough, and our men of the same Town be free Burgesses ; and that the Constable of our Castle of Flint for the time being, be the Mayor of the Borough, sworn as well for us as the same Burgesses, who (oath being first made for the preservation of our rights) may swear to the same Burgesses on the Holy Evangelists of God, that he will maintain the liberties granted by us to the same Burgesses, and will faithfully perform those things which belong to the office of Mayor of the same Borough. We also grant that the same Burgesses may annually, on the feast of St. Michael, elect from among themselves two fit and sufficient Bailiffs, and may present them to the said Constable as their Mayor, who, in the presence of the said Mayor and Burgesses, may swear that they will faithfully do and execute the office of their bailiwick. We also will and grant that the said Burgesses may have their free prison in the said Borough for all offences there, cases of life and member ex- cepted, in which cases as well all Burgesses as others may be imprisoned in our Castle there ; nevertheless, if any of the said Burgesses should be charged, accused, or indicted for any offence in such like cases, We are unwilling that they may be imprisoned on that account so long as they should find good and sufficient bail to stand trial thereon before our Chief Justice, or other our Justices deputed for that purpose : Moreover, We grant to the same Burgesses that all lands assigned to the same Borough be entirely diswarrened and deforested, and that Jews may not dwell at any time in the same Borough. We also will and grant for us and our heirs that the aforesaid Burgesses may well and peaceably have all other the liberties and free customs above expressed without the molestation or hindrance of us or our heirs, justices, sheriffs, or other our bailiffs, or ministers whomsoever, for ever, as is aforesaid, these being witnesses : the Reverend father Robert, Bishop of Bath and W^ells, our Chancellor; Thomas de Clare. Richard de Burgh, Earl Ulster', Richard de Brees,^ Reginald de Grey,^ Nicholas de Segrave, Peter de Champnent,'' John de Monte-Alto * and others. — Given under our hand at Flint the eighth day of September, in the twelfth year of our reign." ' Richard de Burgh, 2nd Earl Ulster, called the Red Earl, was ancestor of Edward IV., through the Mortimers. - Richard de Brees or Breos was first cousin to the William de Breos who ■was taken prisoner by Llewelyn ap Jorweth (the Great), in the battle with Henry HI., and who being afterwards discovered in an intrigue with Llewelyn's wife, was hung by the enraged prince at a place called Crokein, near his palace at Aber. (See Old Karnarvon, by W. H. Jones.) ^ Reginald de Grey, Justice of Chester. The Greys de Ruthyn were ancestors of the Hastings family. * Peter de Champnent. Query the same named in the Roll at pages 20, 22. * John de Monte-Alto, Palatinate Baron of Montalt (Hawarden and Mold, FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED. 33 On the erection of the Castle, doubtless a number of houses, which ultimately formed the Town, sprang up, the majority of which would be occupied by English people; as in the subsequent reigns there were conveyances of property in the borough which refer to grants made by King Edward, principally to Cheshire people, who would no doubt swarm to this new field of emigration, protected as it was by the garrison at the Castle. This, we pre- sume, was the reason why the Charter was first granted ; also why in the same year a grant was made to the burgesses of timber out of the woods of " Northopc, Ledebroke, the greater and the lesser, Keldreston, Wepre, and Sutton"; in order perhaps to build their houses, or, it may be, to smelt their lead ore (a trade which he would wish to encourage), together with a right of pasturage in the same woods. In 1294, Edward being at war with the King of France, and wanting money to carry it on, attempted an experiment of taxa- tion on his newly-acquired subjects (which was to consist of a fifteenth of all movables), and appointed a Flintshire man, Roger de PuLESTON, who was high in the monarch's favour, and of a brave and daring spirit, to collect it. This caused a series of rebellions, in which Puleston lost his life. Madoc, an illegitimate son of Prince Llewelyn, led the Welsh, and at length the King in person appeared at the head of an army in 1297, and suppressed the insurrection. An entry will be found on the Chester Recognizance Roll of Edward III. which refers to this matter; and which shows that at that time William de Ralegh was Constable of Flint Castle, and Richard Tyrel, Sheriff" of the county. It is as follows : — " 1324. Ralph, kinsman and heir of Patrick de Hassal, and Robert de Pulle, kinsman and heir of James de PuUe, record and process had before the barons of the Exchequer, touching the exoneration of the said Ralph and Robert from a charge made upon them as the heirs of the said Patrick and James for a portion of a fifteenth, for which they were appointed collectors in the 20th of Edw. I. An inquisition had to inquire into the subject found that the said Patrick and James were prevented from completing the collection of the fifteenth, owing to the war of Madoc ap Thiewelyn, in Wales, which commenced on the Feast of St. Michael 22 Edw. I.; and that ;,^ii8 los. i%d., which remained to be received of the said fifteenth, were collected by William de Ralegh, then Constable of the Castle of Flint, and Richard Tyrel, sheriff there, and delivered by them to Reginald de Grey of Ruthin, who paid the same, by command of the King, in wages to the army guarding the marches there." The following is a translation of a charter or conveyance of property at Flint, bearing date 1300. As it gives the names of several places within the borough as known by their then names, which latter name is supposed to be a corruption of Monalt) : the family became extinct by the death of John's nephew without male issue, and his Hawarden and other estates passed to Queen Isabel, mother of Edward III. Lord Hawarden is a descendant in the female line. 34 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. together with the owners of adjoining properties, it may be interesting to the reader : — " Know all present and to come, that I, Roger de Belby, have given, granted, and by this my present charter confirmed to William de Doncaster,' citizen of Chester, a certain burgage- with the appurtenances in the Town of fflynt, lying between the burgage of Ranulph de Bentham on one side and the burgage of Henry de Carewalle on the other, containing in length six-score feet and in width fourscore feet : together with one messuage and the appur- tenances in the Town of fflynt, lying without the western (an error for eastern) gate which leads towards Chester, between the land of Jordan de I5radeford^ on one side, and the highway which leads towards Chester on the other : And twenty acres of arable land, lying in the fields of fflynt,* and of Colshull, which I had of the livery of Sir Reginald de Grey, then Justiciary of Chester, and which was formerly of Richard de Wynchcombe ; And ten acres in THE fflynt, whereof one acre lies in the fields of Ondestone,^ between the land which was of Hugh de Lenalle and the land which was of Stephen the Wolf, and two acres lie in the fields of Redyngtone,* between lands which were sometime of the aforesaid Stephen and Hugh : and one acre of land lies in the Wytefelde, between lands which were of the aforesaid Hugh and Stephen, and three acres lie in the fields of Colshull near a certain place which is called Wernyl, between lands of the aforesaid Hugh and Stephen, and three acres lie in the same fields between the land which was formerly of John Breton,' To have and to hold, etc., etc. In witness whereof to this my Charter I have set my seal. These being witnesses : Sirs Richard de Maseye,^ then Justiciary of Chester, Hugh de Venables," then Constable of fflynt. Knights ; Richard de fflynt,'^'' Clerk : Hugh de Brichull." Jordan de Bradeford, Henry de fflynt, Gilbert the clerk and others. Dated at the fflynt on Thursday before the feast of Saint Nicholas in the 2Sth year of the reign of King Edward." ' William de Doncaster was Sheriff of the city of Chester in 13 1 2, and Mayor four years in succession — viz., 1316-19. He owned large properties in Chester, Cheshire, and Flintshire. - Burgage tenure is where the sovereign, or some other person, is lord of an ancient borough in which the tenements are held at a rent certain. ^ Jordan de Bradeford is described in a recognizance to Wm. de Blith', in 1312, as a citizen of Chester. The Bradford family owned a considerable property at Saltney, the Lache, and other parts of the southern portion of Chester. We believe their seat was at Brewers' Hall, now known as Curzon Park. In 1302 Jordan de Bradeford was appointed " Constable of the Castle and Sheriff of Flint, " and in 1305 " Constable of Flint and Mayor of the Borough." He was the same year appointed " Sheriff of Flint." * Throughout the deed sometimes the name " fflynt " is given, and some- times "LE (the) fflynt." * The name "'Ondestone" appears in the Black Prince's Charter to the Borough. It is the Coed On of our time. * The name Redyngtone appears also in the same Charter. It lies between Northop and Coed On. ' John Breton is a witness to the charter to IMacclesfield, where he is described as Keeper of the Wardrobe. * Richard de Maseye was locum tenens for Reginald de Grey in his absence. " Hugh de Venables was Palatinate Baron of Kinderton, now represented by Lord Venables-Vernon. He died in 4th Edward II. '" Richard de fflynt, clerk, would be one of the early clergy of Flint. " Hugh de Brichull was Mayor of Chester in the years 1292-4-5-6, 1300-2-3- 5-6-7-9-10-11-12 ; and Sheriff" in 1288. FLINT CASTLE BUILT AND THE TOWN FOUNDED. 35 In 1304 Henry le Northeryn and Adam le Sergeant filled the office of Bailiffs of Flint, being so described as witnesses to a deed, enrolled on the Flint Plea Roll of 32 Edward I. The Castle appears to have suffered from a tempest in this same year (1304), as we find from a roll relating to works of castles, 32 Edward I., at the Record Office, the following : — " Works done at the Castle of Flynt, A'o. 32. "Flynt, A". 32. " To Roger de Maddele and William his son, carpenters, re- pairing the bretasche of the Castle of Flint towards Colshulle, by a tempest much damaged in its walls and other places ; and likewise covering of the Hall, Kitchen, and Granary, by the same tempest damaged, for their wages from the 23rd day of February up to the 14th day of March, during three weeks, Roger receiving by the week 2od., and William i6d. 9j. "To James del Wode, Porter, servant to the aforesaid carpenters, and carrying Shingles upon the Hall and Kitchen, for his wages during the said three weeks, namely, for 18 working days, by the day i\d. 2s. ^d. " To William Faber, for the working of two pieces of Ewelowe iron for the door of the aforesaid bretasche towards Colshulle, and 18 pieces of iron of Ewelowe for iron bars to the window in ike Chapel of the great tozuer, and to the window of the chamber next to the said Chapel, for every piece ih,d, 2s. 6d. " To Walter Cordy, carpenter, making a wooden chamber beyond the new bridge, between the great tower and the inner bailey of the aforesaid Castle, by the order of the Justice, for his wages by a certain agreement the Justice and Master Richard THE ENGINEER THEREOF made with him. 15J. " For 600 great nails, called 'spikying,' bought for the said chamber. 15^- " . . . . Thomas Carpenter and his fellows, wood-cutters, for cutting 10,000 shingles in Ewelowe Wood for the Kitchen and Stable of the Castle of Flynt to be newly covered, for every 1000 45'. £2. "To Gilbert le Sagher for cutting 2000 shingles for the covering of the same houses. Ss. "To Adam le Hewer and his fellows for making 40 spars in Ewlowe Wood for repairing of the same Kitchen. 3^. "For making a 1000 laths for the covering of the same Kitchen. _ _ 3s. ' ' and for making 60 boards for covering and repairing the same Kitchen I 6 "To Richard ffuottyng, Roger and John Carter, carrying shingles, spars, boards, laths, and other timber from Ewelowe Wood up to the Castle of fflynt, for the repairing of the same Castle, for the carriage of 64 cartloads of timber from the afore- said Wood up to the Castle, receiving for every cartload $d. 168 "To Roger de Maddele for the trimming of the aforesaid 12,000 shingles, receiving for every 1000 3^-. i 16 o ' ' To the same Roger, covering the aforesaid Kitchen and the aforesaid Stable with the aforesaid Shingles, for his wages by a certain agreement thereof made with him by Master Richard THE engineer, namely, for every 1000 shingles 2s. 6d. i 10 o 36 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. "To Jordan de Bradeford, Cojistable of the aforesaid Castle, for four louvers' bought by him for the same. [iS;/. (?)] ' ' To the same for 1 2,800 nails, large and small, for the covering and repairing of the said houses [of divers] prices. 1 7^. 8^^. "To Gilbert le Sagher for the cutting of pieces of timber [hole in parchment] well of the aforesaid Castle. 10^. " Sum [hole in parchment]. "Sum total 9/. iSj. 2d. Endorsed, " Works of Castles, A°. 32." From the above it will be seen that the Chapel was in the Donjon, but where the kitchen, stables and granary were situated it is impossible now to say. The repairs appear to have been made under the superintendence of the Castle architect, Richard L'Engenour. Jordan de Bradeford was Constable at the time. From the Minister's Accounfs, on the Exchequer Rolls of this same year (1304), at the Public Record Office, will be found an account of " divers victualls, arms, etc," bought for the furnishing of the castles of Chester, Flint and Rhuddlan : the following are those for Flint Castle : — "Flint. — 40 qrs. corn, 2 hogsheads wine, 39 qrs. malt, li qrs. i bushel peas, ID carcases meat, 30 flitches bacon, 200 dried fish, 3 mays'- of herrings, 7 qrs. salt, "ffenu"?;^3 i6s. lod., one breastplate, 5 cuirasses, 6 old iron skull-caps, one bascinet and coif, 7 old targes and shields, i springall (for hurling stones), 2 crossbows and 2 winders, i wooden crossbow on two feet, 13 single-foot crossbows, and 1000 arrows." Edward I. died on the 7th of July, 1307. In the previous year (1306) it appears that one William Broun was appointed^" Con- stable of Flint and Mayor of the Borough." ' Louvers ; i.e. windows, or open windows. " A mays is an old measure : 3 herrings make a "cast," — 204 casts" make a "mays." Therefore the garrison of Flint Castle was supplied with 1836 herrings. CHAPTER III. THE VISIT OF EDWARD II. TO FLINT— CHARTERS GRANTED 10 THE BOROUGH BY EDWARD III. AND THE BLACK PRINCE.— LISTS OF THE SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY AND OF THE CONSTABLES OF THE CASTLE. During the short reign of Edward II. there is nothing to record in connection with Flint, beyond the fact that in 1321 this unfortunate monarch met, and received within the walls of the Castle, the haughty, but insidious favourite, Piers Gaveston, who a short time before had been banished from the country for his evil deeds. In this reign a dispute arose about the patronage of Northop Church, and Edward therefore issued a commission to Robert de HoLLANDE, his justiciary at Chester, to make inquisition into the history and circumstances of the case, which was accordingly done at Flint ; and, after strict examination of many witnesses, it was found that the King's claim of presentation to the living could not be maintained. In the Taxatio of 1291 Flint is described as a dependent chapelry of Northop, thus, Ecclcsia de Llanewrgan (Northop) cum capella sua de Flynd : but, as will hereafter be shown, it was sub- sequently recognized as an independent parish or rectory. Mr. Thomas says it " would seem to be that Flint Church was origi- nally only a garrison chapel, attached to the Castle, locally situate in the Parish of Northop, but otherwise perhaps free from dio- cesan control, like the libra capella at Denbigh; but, as before stated, we venture to think that it is the Capella de Colshull, before referred to, attached to Basingwerk. Moreover, we now see from the Roll of 32 Edw. I., before quoted, that there was a chapel in the Donjon of the Castle. Edward III. succeeded to the throne on the 22nd September, 38 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. 1327. On the 7th of December following, the boy-king granted a Second Charter to the burgesses of Flint, being a confirmation and extension of the Charter granted by his grandfather Edward I. It is dated at Leicester, and will be found on the Charter Roll^ Part I., No. 4, at the Record Office. It runs thus : — " Edward, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine, to his Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs, Stewauds, Ministers and all his Bailiffs and liege people, greeting : We have inspected the Charter which our Lord Edward of former memory, formerly King of England, our grandfather, made in these words (here the Charter of Edward I. is set out in full). We therefore, rati- fying and approving the said grants, do for Us and our heirs grant and confirm them to our aforesaid Burgesses and their heirs and successors, being Burgesses of that Borough, as the aforesaid Charter will reasonably testify. "Moreover being desirous of doing more abundant favour to the same Burgesses in this behalf. We grant to them for Us and our heirs that, although the same Burgesses or their ancestors have not hitherto used any one or either of the liberties or acquittances contained in the aforesaid Charter, nevertheless they and their heirs and successors shall henceforward fully enjoy and use those liberties and acquittances and each of them without the molestation or interruption of Us, or our heirs, justices, escheators, sheriffs, or other our bailiffs or ministers whomsoever. ' ' We also grant for Us and our heirs to the same Burgesses, that they and their heirs and successors shall for ever be quit of pannage ' through our whole land and dominion, as well in England as in all other our lands — These being witnesses : the Reverend Father John, Bishop of Ely, our Chancellor ; Henry, Earl of Lancaster, Roger de Mortimer, Richard de Grey, John de Ros, Steward of our Household, and others. Given under our hand at Leicester, the seventh day of December in the first year of our reign." On the 15th of June, 1330, Queen Philippa presented her husband, then in his eighteenth year, with his firstborn son, Edward the renowned " Black Prince." Six years later, child as the Prince was, he was ordered, — as other Constables of Welsh Castles were likewise similarly directed with respect to the fortresses under their control, — to take into custody as Earl of Chester the Castles of Flint and Rhuddlan, and to furnish the same with men and provisions ; for whilst King Edward was engaged in his wars in Scotland, tidings were brought to him that the inhabitants of the Principality were getting turbulent ; and he was fearful lest they should break the peace. The order was repeated in 1337, but there was evidently no foundation for the King's alarm for the loyalty of his Welsh subjects. ' Pannage. — Pannagitim is a pasture of hogs, in woods and forests, upon acorns, etc. Pannage is the food that swine feed on in the woods, as mast of beech, acorns, etc. Also the money taken by the Agistors for the food of hogs, with the mast of the Royal Forests. CHARTERS GRANTED TO THE BOROUGH. 39 In 1336, William de Ralegh was filling the office of Constable of the Castle, and was therefore Maj^or of the Borough. Who he was is not known ; perhaps he was an ancestor of the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh. On the 29th of September, 1339, the Pleas and Perquisites of the town were leased to the Burgesses for eight years at an annual rental of 60s. From the Chester Recognizance Rolls it appears that on the 5th March, 1340, a lease was granted to Richard del Hogh of Thornton (Hough) of the custody of the Castle of Flint, the Shrievalty of Flint, etc., for one year, paying as an annual rent for the two offices ;^46 13s. ^d. Richard del Hogh married Ellen, the daughter and heiress of Roger Thornton en le Hogh, by , the daughter and heiress of William de Leghton. The estates of the Houghs (including those at Neston and Parkgate [Beeston and Peckforton]), through the Whitmores and Savages, passed to the late Sir Thomas Mostyn, and were sold within recent years by the present Lord Mostyn. On the day following the granting of the lease to Richard del Hogh, two Cheshire gentlemen, Hamo de Mascy, of Podynton, and Adam de Slanlegh, became his sureties for the payment of such rent. Referring to Hamo de Mascy, on the 10th April, 1357, a pardon was granted to him " by Edward, Prince of Wales," on account of his services at the battle of Poictiers, of all felonies, etc., committed by him in Chester, " except the death of the King's ministers, and of Bertham de Norden and Richard de Bechynton." His son. Sir John Mascy, was slain at the battle of Shrewsbury. The estates and name of the Masseys of Pudding- ton passed to the Stanleys of Hooton in 1715. Adam de Stanlegh was a brother of John de Stanlegh, lord of Stanlegh and Storeton and forester of Wirral, ancestor of the Stanleys of Hooton, Knowsley, and Alderley. On the 28th April, 1346, this lease to Hogh was renewed for three years, at ;£^^ 13s. 4^. yearly. In 1349 the Great Plague, better known as the "Black Death," swept over the land, and the neighbourhood of Flint appears to have suffered in common with the whole district from this fearful scourge. The following extracts from the Chester Palatinate Roll at the Record Office will speak for themselves : — "1351, September 30th. Lease to Ith' ap Ken' Seys of the offices of Constable of the Castle and Sheriff of Flint for 5 years, at £i\6 i2,s. 4^. yearly. " I357> September 30th. Lease by Edward Prince of Wales to Rees ap Ropp't Gruff of the office of Constable of the Castle and Sheriff of Flint for 4© HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. 3 years, at;,^4i ly. ^d. yearly, the said Rees to appoint an Englishman as his deputy, the Prince not wishing the Castle to be kept by any other than an Englishman. " 1358, May. Lease of the water mill called ' Adecrossmulne ' (Atescross), with the suit of the natives and tenants of Coleshill, to be done at the same mill, for 12 years, at 4 marks yearly, from Edward, Prince of Wales, to Thomas de Worcester, the said Thomas to take wood in the wood of Eulowe for the repair of the mill." A similar lease was granted to Ken' ap Ropp't, referred to in the next entry and on the same date, viz.,— " 1360, September 30th. Lease to Kenard ap Roppert by Edward, Prince of Wales, of the office of Constable of the Castle and Sheriff of Flint for 3 years, at ^^46 i^s. 4^. yearly, the said Kennard to appoint an Englishman as his Deputy, the Prince not wishing any other to have the custody of the Castle." On the same date there is also a curious appointment of this Kennard ap Roppert by the Prince " to inquire into the infractions of the statutes of Edward III. regulating the wages of artificers and labourers." On the 20th of September, 1361, the Third Charter to the Borough was granted at Chester by the Black Prince, by virtue of his powers as Earl of Chester. He was in England at the time, and shortly afterwards — viz., on the loth of October follow- ing — was married at Windsor. It is very possible he was at Chester at the date of the grant. This Charter, like others he granted to other communities, is very precise in setting out the boundaries of the Borough. It is entered on the Chester Recog- nizance Rolls at the Record Office, and runs thus : — " Edward, son of the illustrious King of England, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester, to his Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Knights, Justices, Sheriffs, and all his Bailiffs and liege people, greeting : We have inspected the Charter of Confirmation which our aforesaid father made to our Burgesses of our town of Flint in these words : " — (Here the charter of Edward III., which recites, as we have before seen, the charter of Edward I., is set out in full.) " W'e therefore ratifying the grants, confirmation, and acquittances aforesaid, do for us and our heirs as much as in us lies, grant and confirm them to the aforesaid Burgesses, and to their heirs and successors, as the aforesaid Charters reasonably witness. "Moreover, We being desirous of doing a more abundant favour to the same Burgesses in this behalf, do grant to them for us and our heirs, that although they or their heirs or predecessors may have used the aforesaid liberties and acquittances, or any of them, aforetime, otherwise, or perhaps less fully than they ought, that, on that account, they may not hereafter be molested by us or our heirs, or by any of the ministers of us or our heirs, but we fully pardon the same Burgesses for that offence for us and our heirs. CHARTERS GRANTED TO THE BOROUGH. 4I ' ' Moreover, We grant for us and our heirs to our same Burgesses, that they, their heirs and successors, may henceforward fully enjoy and use all and singular the aforesaid liberties and acquittances, according to the tenor and effect of the aforesaid confirmation, without the molestation or hindrance of us or our heirs, justices, escheators, sheriffs, or other our bailiffs or ministers whomsoever. ' ' And moreover, because in the aforesaid Charters granted to the aforesaid burgesses any certain metes, limits, or boundaries, to which the precincts of the said Borough extend, and within which the liberties of the same Borough ought to be exercised, are not specified, on which account the said Burgesses have oftentimes, as we have heard, been disturbed and also hindered in the enjoy- ment of the liberties granted to them. We being desirous to provide for their indemnity in this behalf, as also for their quiet, do grant for us and our heirs to the same Burgesses, that the divisions, limits, and boundaries of the afore- said Borough, and the liberties of the same, may be kept and observed within the limits and places underwritten, and may be had and kept for the divisions, limits, and boundaries of the aforesaid Borough, henceforward, for ever ; and that the liberties of the same Borough may be exercised to the end of time within the same places and limits, and as far as they go, according to the force, form, and effect of the grants concerning the same liberties, made by our pre- decessors and by us to the said Burgesses, without the hindrance of us, our heirs, justices, chamberlains, sheriffs, escheators, or other the ministers whom- soever of us or our heirs, (that is to say,) from the garden ditch of Ithel ap Blethyn, of Coleshill, on the south-side, and so descending towards the east to the water of the Dee, and ascending towards the west by a certain division towards the land of Roger INIorewych, and so across towards the north to a certain division between the land of Madoc the thatcher, and the land of Ithel ap Blethyn, and so following that division towards the west as far as the land of Richard le Barker, and from that land across toward the north as far as a certain division between the land of Ithel ap Blethyn' and the land of Richard le Barker, and so following that division towards the west as far as the land of Adam de Hargrave, and thence across towards the north as far as a certain division in a certain valley between David ap Eigu and the land of Thomas Boteras, and so descending along that division towards the east to the land of David ap Eigu, and so across towards the north as far as a certain division between the land of - ... . following that division towards the .... to the land of David ap Eigu, and following that division towards the .... as far as a certain brook called Janynesbere, and following that brook in its descent to Coleshull, and thence across towards the north to the land of the Abbot of Basingwork and the land of the heirs of Eigu Loyt, and by the land of the same heir towards the east, and so across towards the north to a certain gutter which is called in Welsh Aber Crcper, and so descending by that gutter towards the east to a certain road which leads from the house of Madoc Winter to the marsh, and so ascending by that line towards the west to the house of the afore- said Madoc, and further ascending towards the west between the land of the same Madoc and the land of Elias del Medwe to the land of the heir of ' Ithel ap Blethyn is mentioned in an entry on the Chester Recognizance Rolls of 4 Edward II. (131 1), which relates to the erection of Ewloe Castle; and which entry also shows by-the-bye that Prince Llewelyn built that foriress in or about the year 1258. Pennant wrote in his Welsh Tours that "there is no sort of tradition about the founder of the castle of Eulo." This entry clears up the mystery. See Cheshire Sheaf, vol. i., p. 313. - The original record or charter has been injured, and the words defaced where the blanks are left in this page. 42 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Roger de Praus, by a certain key .... of the aforesaid Madoc. and so across towards the north as far as a certain division between the land of the heir of Madoc Winter and the land of the heir of Roger de Praus, and ascending by that division as far as the land of Adam de Cockerham, and thence across towards the north by the land of the same Adam, as far as a certain brook called Maynscogh Brook, and so descending by that Brook towards the east as far as a certain brook between Coleshill and Bakkeleigh, and so ascending by that brook to the spring of the same brook, and so ascending from thence towards the west by a certain key between Bakkeleigh and Coleshill to Halkyn bache, and so following Halkyn bache towards the south to Coleshill brook, and so following Coleshill brook in its ascent to Carnathlok brook, and so following Carnathlok brook to the boundaries of Northhope, and so ascending to a certain ditch of David ap Ithel Vaughan, between Redynton and Northopt, and so following that ditch as far as the boundaries by the aforesaid ditch, as far as a certain gutter between Leadbrokvaghan and Onderston, and so following that gutter as far as a certain ditch which is between Ondeston and Leadbrok- vaghan, and so following that ditch to the headlands of the Lillions of Lead- brokvaghan, and so following those headlands as far as a certain other ditch by the aforesaid headlands, and so following that ditch to the brook which is called Leadbrook, and so descending to the water of the Dee ; these being witnesses : the Reverend Father Lewis, Bishop of St. Asaph ; Bartholomew Burghasgh, our Justice of Chester; Reginald deGrey, Lord of Ruthin; Richard le Strange, Lord of Ellesmere. Knight ; John de Delou, Lieutenant of our aforesaid Justice ; John de Brunham, junior, our Chamberlain of Chester, and others, (xiven at Chester, under the seal of our Exchequer the twentieth day of September, in the thirty-fourth year of the reign of our Lord Edward the King, our father. " From the Flint Ministers' Accounts, it appears that in the year 1366 one David de Backerum was filling the two offices of Sheriff of the County of Flint and Constable of Flint Castle. In 1370 the sheriffs of the counties on the Welsh coast, in- cluding Flintshire, were ordered to put the castles in a state to support sieges, and to arm the English population, for the purpose of withstanding the French, who threatened an invasion toward Christmas of that year. The same fear of a French invasion appears to have been entertained in 1377, when similar orders were repeated for the defence of the coast of Wales. From the Flint Ministers' Accounts it appears that Adam de Kyngeslegh was, in the year 137 1, appointed to the offices of Sheriff of the County and Constable of the Castle. He would be an ancestor of the celebrated Canon of Chester, Charles Kingsley, and belonged to an old Cheshire family who hailed from a place of that name situate in Delamere Forest, of which they were hereditary chief foresters. Adam de Kingsley was also the ancestor of several Denbighshire families. An entry in the Chester Recognizance Rolls apprizes us of the fact that on the 25th of February, 1377, Richard, Prince of Wales (afterwards Richard IL), confirmed a grant of the 8th of June, CHARTERS GRANTED TO THE BOROUGH. 43. ^373> to Ralph de Davenport, of the custody of the Castle of Flint, with fifty marks yearly, the said Ralph to serve the Prince in time of war with one esquire. Perhaps this is the proper place wherein to give the lists of the Sheriffs of the County and the Constables of the Castle. We therefore give the following lists, which we believe to be as correct as it is possible to make them. The list of Sheriffs was in a great measure prepared by the late Edward Breese, F.S.A., who intended to include it in a historical work he contemplated pub- lishing ; he however handed it to us, shortly before his death, to give in this book. The names of persons and places are given as he found them in the references quoted in each case. It may be said that the list of the Sheriffs is out of place in a work profess- ing to touch upon the Borough only; but inasmuch as Edward I., when he built the Castle and erected the county, first placed the Sheriff at Flint, and moreover, subsequently, Richard II. by an express provision constituted the Constable of the Castle for the time being (who already was, by virtue of King Edward's charter. Mayor of the Borough), Sheriff of the County, we venture to think we are justified in giving both lists. The provision, to which reference has just been made, will be found on Patent Roll 10 Richard II., p. i, membrane 31, and runs thus: "Quod Con- stabularius Castri de Flint pro tempore debet esse Vicecomes comitatus de Flint." By the Statiita Wallice [12 Edw. I. c. 5] it was among other things ordained that the territory of Flint should, though not dis- joined from that of Chester, be separately considered as to certain branches of jurisdiction. In this document we find the first mention of the Vicecomes or Sheriff of Flint; and from this period it seems proper to date the origin of the Shire or County of Flint. Prior to the statute of Henry VIII., hereafter more particularly referred to, the Sheriffs appear to have been appointed at different times and for irregular periods. Subsequent to that date the appointment was made annually. In the middle ages the office was a far more expensive one to occupy than it is even now, so great was the hospitality the Sheriff was expected to dispense. Hence arose in Flintshire the custom for the Sheriff's friends and neighbours to make him presents, which they were not ashamed to offer nor the Sheriff to receive. Pennant alludes to this custom in his History of the Parishes of Whitford and Holywell; and extracts from two long rolls in his possession a few of the most remarkable, among which are the following : — 44 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. " 1642, A Note of what Presents were sent against the Sessions. David Pennant, Sheriff. " My Lady MosTYN, 2 muttons, a gallon of sacke, and 2^. " Mr. Griffith, of Caynvis, 2 sugar loafs. " Mr. Roger Parry . . . . . I;^. "Mr. Robert Pennant .... l£. " Mrs. Conway, of A^a«^ ..... I;^. " Mr. Vaughan, 3 gallons of sacke. " Mr. Ralph Hughes, a mutton, 6 rabbetts, a dozen pigeons. " Mr. Raphell Davis, a veale. " Mr. Hugh Pennant, oi Dooning, a mutton. " Mr. William Mostyn, of Bagillt, halfe a veale and a pigg. " Nichlas George, 2 capons. " Edward ap Thomas, a veale, a pigg, a quart of hony. "Julius Seasar, a q"^ veale and a q'' porke. " The Deputie Sheriffe, 2 turkies and a pottle of sacke. " Robert Lloyd, of Taverney Gennog, halfe a lambe. " Mrs. Kyffin, aq"" veale, a greate cake. " Mr. Roger Holland, 4 hoops of wheat. " Andrew Ellis, a goose, a q"" veale. "Margaret ach Pyers, 2 dozen cakes. " Thomas ap Thomas, a flitch of bacon, 6 q"^ claret, a q"' veale. *' FOULKE, the joyiier, a pigg. " David, the weaver, a pigg. " Ellin Lorrance, 2 henns. " Ales Owen, 2 henns, 2 piggs, 6 chickens, 30 eggs." In order to protect the Judges from violence, it was formerly part of the duties of Sheriffs of Welsh counties to meet the Justice at his entrance into the county, and to guard and protect him to the utmost bound thereof, where the Sheriff of the next county received him. SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 45 o >> r gu S d .Sffi P5 S pi .'2 ^.. s -a^ u Pi m w <5 b O z o < < P4 -^ ;=3 ii t-i S '^-' 3 a o O Ph . o N rCu- ^ § ^ -; « ^ ^ ^> o u<; a. < S 'A c S o P o c c < u o <; d c o w. i < o Pi ^ n T3 3 w W t^ ■^ > o rt !z; Coo fe 7, O a> CJ a -O 'S rt W) o OJ g ^^ (t) ° 53 rA 2^3 0,i< o ._- .- M ^^ rn—^ u m • • • 1-4 rt ed fo year • • • ' '^ rt OJ _ m VT) 1= CO 0) CJ o — . o ■5 g fc/J 0:^ Id ,^^ • • r- -il c 3 1:3 OJ S M -^ "Xj C ^ c rt rt :z; • fin Hogh Hogh of Tho ascy of Podyn rt "o a, rt o l-H :/3 >> O ppert ap Griffi n' Seys (appoi radeford ipert ap Griffit loppert (appoi ackcrum yngeslegh avenport > CJ Yongc yngeslegh (dm legh (during p 2 r*^ o "iJ 'a! i< C/i t> o U « o^;:; ^Q a.^^^ t-o^ -d 'd '^ OJ i-i ■ ^ SPi ^o V OJ "" 0) '"' o' a. n3 13 ■"d 'o ^ r^ CDh ^ ^ '^'d tZ) "^ ^ ■grs 0) U '•' rt ichar ichar amo rt rt ^ r; rt rt rt ^ O C > rt ^ 'd 1-1 flj aj > T. 5)^ j- O O rt ^ ^ °'d -S n/:; S c^e^K < ;4 1— I e^^ v2,ci; t^ Q < c4 <5 lo ■* u-ivo O vO r^ r-- t-~oo CO CO C^ ►-« I— I I— I rO HHHHl-41— ll-tl— llMt— IHHl— IhN I I I T I I I M I I I I I I •r)- 'i- Tl- VO "VOiO^VOvOl^I^t^OOCiOOOON ro fO ro CO vororocorOfOfOrocOfOcOPOro ^4 NN l-H NH rO IMHH1-1NHNNI-H^1N41M1-11-4^H o <1 1) 1) ^ 1) ^ rt > C ^ qj ^ C rt Ji ■>-' I— I vr"rt !=; >» § ^-^-^^ . ^ CiJ OJ OJ rt . -pi ,£3 . ^ . p. '— ' rt r "^S S u j: ° s c o oiC*->i— >0 Oi ii -^ - OJ g -fl„ „ S -^ i3 G OJ rt j2 ^ ^ <^ a u: o c "> "^ 7; fe -§ O a-d ^^ oH . 3 rt„- -< 'v3 N s •a in ri 0; 1^ OJ HH ►— 1 ■^ (-* rt OJ 1) H) f ) <- fL^ ii 'r ' Farmers of t ^ Died during ' He held offi 55 1 *^ 1) rt OJ t/3 < ■£: OJ CJ p CJ -^ "rt 0) OJ c k ii > c 11 rt h-1 SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 47 u u < a ci ;:; pi :l d cd pi pi !^ pi ;^ pi u u u U u cJ e1 ^ o 0> u (LI OJ h-1 :-r CJ o tn n rt ,>"; 1— 1 -^ s- ^.'-' ■— ^^X iC/2 ^M^ -4-' 7^ O v> C?5 I — iin Pi o > c > >, ^ - a <^ On N i^t O 'O ro ro \o cs'O i^ mo t^ N 00 C^ (^ C;2;0a\0 O " - - NOOO O O ^1 (U „ ^ M o o -a To a; o oj . <— I — ^ f r- E " u &. ex « a, (U rt ^ C« SK .y; t-! g O rt I— I -^ > I/J (U 1) ^ OJ ■H OJ tu S ZT" u 'o "^ ■> ^ &,J2 ^ I ^ S a; S .« lo c '■ ti'o ^ M CJ o ii I— > c O' e rt O l-H ->-a 2 O -1^ OJ iJO -^' (v; ^ '^ cn^ . 7 <^ rt ,a "■ ^ " >» o> m . (U 1) ■ c .a ; ,, • -^^ g K fe .S (U J. 2-, GJ 1^ > •--' O N i) -" (U g 8 JJ O o &. to rt rt OJ 1 1 . -i-J ^ HH o s — ^ >-c.£ rt C:.— i^ I CX >^ .i3 (u .= liT::; 3 ■= rt U 11 • rt OJ r" CO - ^ s rt rt , ■ 'J^ '^ > iJh s '- 1) LO ■* O OJ P-^ tor VO Sc ^ -i'^^'^'^i;!'-^"^^- .ii'~'.x , ■- -i I-* 00 HH H-)^ i "J 3 = tn U 01 r— 5 -" a; G rt ^ O — J- rt o O o o i=H ii .- ^ :* h- c/^ f^ a H HH ■ > ! •= -^ « H-; s >^tL, -3 '"_.- ^aj-^''Got> tf.G r ^" . jn ^ .-2 '^ "5 '-' M,y.Ef.^ ,, .1. O On CJ rt • ^ :> oh; CJ "C r-H S aj O c; rt _, rt 48 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. d o u u i < < o c % S" k. ^ w w -13 S - c o cS d d d d C^" d 2e^^" Sc^Spi s :^"§ §■ u w cj cj w cJ w cJ w WW W c > O a, rrj c >< >N_S " (U OJ ~ '^ 1— H ^ ■5 OJ 5j fJ ** 2 ° :5« ■-< 1— 1 hH ^H >■ (— I -H t-H HH 1— ( c3 -^ -T! ^ > 'c5 1:1 >> « s •^ "^ "^ *^ •\ •N •* Wpi •t^ u i>» M ■*'"' ■* 00 o M C^ O 1-1 0) N On N a ro ro fOU^CO 7 1 1 1 I^T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o i!- " 1 1 0^ 1 rt- 00 O HN Ht hN iricc "-I •-• M i-H r^ w N C) ro ro .-I ii-> On rO "^ f 1 vO OnnO 00 N NO 00 2 00 00 ON ON o o o ►- CI m ro ro ^ s ■rJ-'^Tt-'^LOiOvnvriu^i/^ u-) ^J^ u^ o NH H- 1 l-H HH M M >^ )-l H4 HI HN l-M HM Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 MM 1 1 o ro ro u^ On (^ »J^ N vO ChO 00 N NO 00 00 c 00 00 00 CO ON ON O O O " PI ro ro ro ro c ■ri-"*'*-*rf^triu->u-)i^iri LI-] u->u-) vo < HN h-4 1.^ HH M HH HH HM l-< 11 t-t >-• hN HH OS d ■4-* 'He bJ3 3 ^3 1) O o c 'o S rt<*H u- O o t/3 S . P d '*- ■- ' . •" te ^ '^ H-ffi ^ 1- 1- O H- _^ iT '^3 rt t^ ^-• a, it: — ^ N c C o m 1) bfl o 1) o o 3 ^ rt HH ■ O >'T3 -. Oi <-i .2 'O _ P rt < c y _ 1) ■ N'^ O; ri a.> rt'O ^:;«2 Q c3 O Pi TJ C ci G S gj W cS -e — C O ^I^IS^I ? ^.s °o iH, Eu «J >. r- cr; ^ "^ TS N- ■:=: r- I ?^r— 1) '^ "^ ^ "^ aj C5 O "J i^iJJ="S'G c« OG^ cnPi;W'aHeL,2Pi'50<; S W s: SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 49 o cj d o o o < < < v5 tt^ tC fe' pq H-1 : •n a u o < J a n - c c d fe M pa Pi Pi J hJ 'C Fines. Fines Fines. rt in -^3 tMxJ " :;'a c £ ^■^i "T3 C .Ace .K. a Ace. d o d o ^ > « ' '§ "S (iH Pnfe fe fe > > > o o o ;z; 2 2 ro "-O O ri N « > O 12; u > O o > > tJ3 CD o s-g a. nE CA C ^ OJ O ? r7- ^ ' 1) y) ■ ~L **- •> "* C/2 C/2Cfi CT' . f ■,i^ o- a; W > O 1^ o ^^ '■" S in 1— >C/3 ^ re -c • ^ c ^ o s *^ c ■^" ?^ cr a '^ ^ ^ G > ? ^ o t^ '"5 -rt ■— I 1. s^ w IjSi ,^ Cr rin <^ ?:^o - ^ ?f in ^ w t: u o .^ ^ S C ":= :i c o H ill > > c N ro ■* i-O ro ^ r^OO ro ro ro w ^y ro "^ u-no " -c.&l M I C — M ro rf >/^ ^ -G Tii t: -r; "TD >, >^PH E c c c s- 1- rt rt rt rt I ss I I I I ,J5 i-i M ro •^ irivo 11 i-i "« N ro ■* i-i ro -^ I I N ro *H ro ■^ Tf ^ 10 ir^ i/-> 00 o^ " ■<^ Tj- u-i u~i M ro w-1 vo i^vO r^OO 0^ "" N W^ LT) 1^ LO i/^vO vO 'O 1 1 1— C l-H 1 ro Ml 1 1 1 1 Tf Lovo i^ t^OO C^ \r% -LTt \i~\ -LTi \j-Mi-^ xr^ U-i 1 1 1 " r) ro ro ir^ u-^ 10 Ln LO LO LTJ U-) 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 10 L/-) 10 10 LO i-O l-O »-0 '« i* W) T3 > c C3 >- > 5:^ b/3 Wc^ 0) _ "^ nd k- C t? •* rt ^ l-H -73 > . i ;z;"p W . rt lii >— 1 t/) . hH 1) t-H W > c 12; S s "1 n» ro c M ■4-t 1 ^> t^:£. >> """^ .^ i- tL> .■^ c d-c i; -<-^>": tn .^■.s . ■" . cs ■^ (1) ro ■— > t-l U ^ >_| '^ ^ J2 Tl ri SfiM Tli ^ Poo c 0) CO ro tX :~< '4, 1) '— ' C r. ;-« C* ^ ti ^ iT^ ^ s o '^ > Ji Q cji '2 Mo ^ =1 fc, r- -^ J- ^ OJ -G o St- i; t/i Jt o J- r: „ rt ^-S :/2 t asS dward ap D e Lane s and 0) ^ - td c ~ 1* J: —'^ > 1— 1 G C C rt ^ c .S ^-^ Q ^^ ^.'3 /3 C- C rtu; 1— , 50 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. rt pa e^ M J m 1— 1 I— 1 p4 C3 P^ H-l C J c fe rt -rt rt • •r C d) rt a; .p o tiH < fc .S s .p li, fe u. >' >" > o o o ^^^ C rt c fa r-" rt u o 1—3 (U a fe rt "•■ H "-■ (U " d, c rt fa fa "rt fa zn ^ I— I -4 c^ fa C rt P3 t* . r^ ,. o u . fa fa' fa CO ON^ > > o o ^^ IN 01 O 'J " 5 5 o '^ Q Q ^ :?; 12; Q ;z: "^ ON 2^ ^' 2" -* ^ c B/J Henry ap Parry, Esq.' William Moston, jun., Esq. . John Griffith, Esq. William Mostyn, senior, Esq. Roger Brereton, Esq. Roger Puleston, Esq. John Trevor, Esq. Sir Thomas Hanmer, Knt. . William Mostyn, Esq. John Griffith, Esq. Peter Mostyn, junior, Esq. (Talacre ?) Roger Puleston, Esq. Lancelot Bostocke, Esq. William Mostyn, junior, Esq. John Edwards, Esq. Thomas Mostyn, Esq. (Mostyn ?) George Ravenscrofte, Esq. . Henry ap PLarry, Esq. Roger Brereton of Hawton, Esq. Peter Gruffyth, Esq. (Caerwys ?) .Sir Hugh Cliolmondeley, Knt. Jiihn Hanmer of Hanmer, Esq. John Conway, Esq. John Hope of Broughton, Esq. Thomas Mostyn of Mostyn, Esq. V/illiani Hanmer of Fenns, Esq. Peter Mostin, Esq. -J— I fa s "I N rOTfu^O r^ 0\ O " M ro "^ w-ivo r>.c/D c^ O "i M T1"r°i fTl I N I! 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G ^6- C^ rt C o ^ G G C/2 -^ - '-' G - 'U ^ ti-j o Oc/^ > G ^ W C i rt "^ -w^ WH G uT 55 iJh S G G ^ /^ — rt O S ^ bJ3^ ^ ^ t: o^ " O ^ "^ "^ .i; J3 o ^ >- OG H Pi ':^ y5 Jf ° G t E-r.::; MG -3; t-' 3h Gi rt •^ (fi ^ ^ , r-! S I I I I I I I I I I { f> ro rt Y^^ r^co a. - I I I I I N ro Tj- u-ivo t^CO On O " N O^OnOnOnOnonOnOnO O O ir^ tn LO LO uo iy-> ly-l u-ivO O ^ O NO •* u-liO I->.0iO On O 1-1 N fO Tf voO !>. OOOOOOi-"--"-"" nOnOnOvO^nOvOvOnOnOnOnOnO^ I M I I 1- n ro Tj- u-ivo l^C/3 Cn O ■-" OnOnOnOnOnOnOnCnOnO O Lnu-)Lou"i»-oir>i-OLn loO no Li I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I M N ro '"O Tj- LTivO r-^co 0\ O •-' M to "Jt uonO 000000000--""««« nOnovOnOMDnOnOnOnonOnOnOnOnOnOnO 52 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. ^ v rt Is Pi u d ni d o <11 Pi C rt d ; 3h « rt s "^ S rt Q'-oWsK rt (U rt^^ P rt O ►r .ii j= 13 .i ^p.HWc/2 cr o o .5 ^ "rt cr'ti 1^ M -. a; cCPh U^rt -^ s Ph Sh C-' H cr, W W ^ w -iNf^-^"^ \0 l^OO On O '-I N fO Tj- UTO r^OO On O i- N rO TTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT r^oo ON o '- f^ rn-^uMoo r^oo o\ O " n r^ -^ i/^.o «^oo cs o >- n vo^O'OvDvOOvOvO*0\0'OvOvOvO'0'0*0'OO^OvOOvOO*OvO^ SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. S3 fa fa ON e s o o o c o o U "■ 6 c fa fa" rt /-•■ o -.3 - "fa " s o o Oh fa H^ O t; o O O O ^ P4 0^ r^r^ M- [;j 2 -; o o o o o o N r>.vO vO O vJ^"^ !/J J3 O fa >^ -. o C3 1) o fa . ^ fa ^ 3 V 1) , cr' y. fa . 5 fa - o v; P O h u ^ -fa r ^ 1) cr ^ - ° S § ^. = H O ^^ i3 ^ ' f= ^ S^ >, 5?^ p ° M c > ■ :: — '^ ^ t/i i: o 5 -? « u ) S 5 S S 2 ^ :y; ^ •- S In "^^ '■'■1 :_ ^ L-, Ch h^^ r— ' K >^ O WW . ^ 'fa = .,_- sA*7^ c t: >>--^ ?» — -J s fa ij c! X (/I H^ t_ 2 fa . >. "^ o ^ c;f= P 3 O 0; lU.,^..,.,.,^..^^ OiiMrort-u^ f^Tj- vrivo r^CO C\ O >-< N fO tJ- T I I I 11 M I 1 I I I M I I I >d- i/^vo r^OO OS O I-' N r^ •* i/^vO t-~00 Os O "- M ro "^J- Ln>0 t^OO On O '-i N TTTTTT TTTTTTinTTTTTTT^TTTTTT rr) T-t- uio r^OO Cs 0\ O I- M ro T)- u-l>0 r^OO OS O O — tS "-n Tj- U10 r^OO OS O >-' fa _c >-. O 54 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. £ O c o o o ° s < J^ > > > o o o > O ^ > > O O o S ro ■* -^ N <0 > r > >■ ov. 9 No Dec Tan. O ^^ . > c O oo £ cti a _ ; ^ o ■ £ w O ^ :/5 r- f< W H ,!:^ 2 S o c n r- r- ""^ W . >^ o cr in ?r cr cr ^1 1) ^ ^ ^ ' 15 c D U) 3 cri; ■^ r ^ '^ o t/) "« >r. _ -K^ t/5 " cr cr o o a; W^ t^ o Si oW _ „ u ^ rt ^ = ^ 7' h^ P^ a W e5w| ::WW iFSt"'^ ^ >ii 2^?^ 5^ 2 cfi W ;> •-/: ^00'^ " s 0) W c "5 M o ? S O rt UK o .2 c" :;S u ..O CA! C/3 ! g 5 r-»oo 0\ t^ M M I ■ I o - ro ro '"O r<-) ro ro Ul OS 11 Th '-n u-i^ ^D vO r^oo C^O^C^O^O — »- N m'^Tj- unso 1-1 N ro ro ■* "H 1-1 \0 ■D "^^0 t>. t^ r^ t^ vO ^O ^O 00 On "" N i-n "^ U-) NO t^ 00 r^ t~- C« 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 VO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO On 00 NO c < N "^ ro T)- »+ ■* vDNO l-~ t^ t^ r^oo OnOnO — N N r^-^vj-> ionO l^ 00 00 00 On 0\ r^t^i^t^t^r^r-^r^t-^t-^i^t^t^t^ i^oo oooooooooooocooo 00 oooooooooo vOnOnONOnOnOnOnOnonOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnONOnOnOnOnO no nOnOnOnONO SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 55 o o a o .-o5>oudoo^o ay^u^^SodC ^^^o"^gd§ ci-SoZQQQ-oT^Q '-I'-loG^^^'^n*"' '^^-q'^Q.^q!^ ii n (4 — . — _ « 'O ■ ' « r4 ■ i-i a cr •- ? o [.•£ « w- ^,'^^ _^0 ^ 6" S^ W - r^ _:, > , . . . c- , , • 71 w - cr sq. Esq. , Esq. of Lye , Esq.^ vor, E w .-. s ^- ■t: I' .5 J c -K _ ■^ Tj rt o OJ VI JS M L^ O 5H 1) OJ b OS ^ O w „ „ w 7 I illl III io«"Nm II ..^ ^_ _ O 1-1 N ro ■-l HHI-IHNI-HH.tl-tl-11-H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ononO O O'-iM'^'*'*'* ^j^\d t^ r-^cc a^a\ o n n m ro Tf i/^vo t^oc a\ o OOiOON On ONO^O^ONO^ONCNONO^ONO^C^O^O^ O 0000000000>-i 56 HISTORIC NOTES OF FLINT. 4) O c o G O > d o cJ > O 1) O O ro ro i-H o r<1 N 1-1 HH fo o o o (U 1) i) c c • CJ o Q Q Q « fe Q ►ii.^^Q G ^Q ^^ a oooo,;uuo QQQQqQQQ -T O _:- O r! rt O w. o >~. 1-1 M I— c o >, & OJ « S :: C C ^ c^i-i o 22 -'^ t: >- ^.a o o o ii - a . o rt G^ b O w rt (U OJ ^ CJ ^ C ^ o ■^ - ^ — u^ ^ ^ C/J ----- —Z ^ ^ ^ '^ ^ f- WW - ^^ ^ t: G I/) .' o M . .w cr ^ c'^ "c -f-W ^ — .s S w: G G ^ g^ g Ji O = ^:-G S^-G S >, "^ S — rS ?:?:q^|^ go ^ S S rt .-c g ■^■^ > o ■ -' a H' 0) G fc/3 o 1) o Q l-H 1^ 1^ 0^ 0\ • i N ro rf O »-* CH HH ir^vO t-« 00 0\ " I I I N ro Tj- Tj- uovo t^ t~»00 On < O ■- M <^ r'l rj rO'^iy-)v£) t^oo 0^ I I I I I I I I E o P c < 1- N rHI-. t^ N -^ VO t-» 000\0>-P)r<-)'*iO. r-> !->. r^ i^ r--. r^ t^ r^ r^ O O ►- N ro ■^ Tf u-)M3 t^OO 00 O '-''-<»-< M Tf- Tj-O VO vO t~» r^oo a^ O '-" M <~0 •* ►-i-iM>-.Mi_o)MP)Mo)NNr)MOf^NC)M<^ror<-)rOrO SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 57 N O o U d '^ ^' '-■"" ^' " ^' C ^' C '^ '-' C O '^ ^' '^ --^ --■/-■ r^ ,-• -• r-" j£ _• ^ -• "■ _n Q i£.^ r; rt^i^^u^ rt rt ^^ rt _rt r; o ^_:j ^il Jl^J ^ IJ ~ rt .? ~ -^J^ ~ ,"-' ,'" H a . a' . ~ ^c W a C7' _v oT ^ - ^:^ . £0 d- Si c '^ r' , -:£: . c? c rr^ ►^ d- cr . , j. . 'J ' III 01 = = s > == rt x''- ir c = S •:£'-■ o >-= = = ^ = = = „ _ „ :, ^ „ ^ ._ t M r"; il- ^ S C£l ^ .V ^ -7 ;:_ -t; ^ --^ -7 r r.- -^ '-' -->■=? o c >- M ro ■^ LT) vo r-»io Cn O " M fO •^ u-i^o 1^00 Cn O — r^ """^ ■* T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M I !! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rrTHT? t-^00 On O "" PJ rf mvO r^OO Os O M m tJ- ir^o r^co On O "i N fO •+ u^O r^co TTTT^TT TTTTTTT TTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTT 58 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. o c o c o S -^>' -S X) -o ^ ^ S C ^ ^ X3 xi V, "S • VlJVIt^^V'ViUV ^^u cu-g a. rt 13 13 -g -g ^aj ^o; -^ ' JL, fe f^ ;jh fo tn t >— >^';3h fefc&H»^^i^'^fe'^f^tt,<; — 'U^ fctH fi, 1^ ^ tM (i^ ^ 't roo a ^ - s; I' ^ ^ S - r "U ^ 1) ^ (T OJ oj ^ C. ./■° ■-^ r> ^ y o o cr ■ c" [A -fi r-rl in .s o ^ ca •^- o If: w " S W is rt W • • . • J^ & "n IT} rt fil era (/)'-'r£iWtLl-S S cr [tJ r ^^ _j O :/: i: ^"u- i> >,■[ rt rt o S ? tJC> Uw I— 1 k- ^-^ ? -^ N 1^ fq ^ 'S >^ ni 05 . iT cr o in rt cr ^"^ P dj ."'.y i- Oh o __o O o H"^^, 3 ojS O •:5 ■r^ o '-I -c O O O o a ^ 'x 3,E ►H.i:^ u 6 w c^ "^ S => 'i- S c Pi jS2 rt 5-= £ >- 5 0^ »-^ •* u-i^O t^oo ON O '- M rO "* M N M N N M rO rO CO ro ro '"O ^O ''O 00 ON 1 O "- P» "■o ■* "-) C 1-^00 On 6 >-i N ro ro Tj- ir^vo t^OO On 6 "" N ro r)- -^h ir^vo o Q ON O '-' f 1 CO '^ LOVO I~~00 Ov O I-" M CO •^ "-ivO rv.CO On O >-" M CO 'i- OOCOOOOOCOOO ONOnOnONOn ON ON 0^ t^ r^ t-~ I I OO On O •-I PJ CO -JJ- irivo J^OO On 6 " N co co t)- u-ivO 1^00 On O i-i N CO Tf rh lOvO nOnO t^t^J^t^l^t^t^r^l^ J-^CO COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ONOnOnONCnOnOnON SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 59 a O c o a o ^' ^ J2 ^ -f. ^ ^" ^ ^ 4) 0 ^ pj^ rt „ <^M C^ O -4. ^o"^ VO > m ^ -c -:,.^ m w bib 0) ■^ ^ o -2^ cH 2.2 :jJ s C OS o lW O « -o ^ Q „r ^ 5 >~ ^^ -^ h' S o •- ° >- S „r^ ■nz! ° c/3 prt^^ i-pT^ ^^o-^ Oti _r^CQ ^ . ^ rt •J-T'S, .£ S :1±^? O^-a O^S 'yr." „, S l" Zi ^P S C >, 5 ^ ..a o ^ y ■yT.H ' r-^ (— ( ^ g O - - o C (ii.iir/~i *-■ ^ C ^ d ■-' ^ C ■"■ _ir^ p^ ri a J *^ 2 S S >'S 5.£ S s 3 3i ^^ MX ^3-3 o O 00 OS O " ■* -^ ■* >0 r~.io c^ ^ T*- ■>)- ^ O —I M rO tJ- u-> LO LO to ty-) to to VO 10 C7\ O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 11 N ro '^ ^ 'd- 00 ON " N f-, '^ 10 OnOnOOOOOO 1~^ t^C(0 00 00 00 CO CO 0000 00 00 CO CO >-< N ro ■^t to CO CO CO CO 00 CO l^CO »- 1-1 >« cs CO CO CO 00 -I N coco 1 1 ! M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MINI 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 J^OO ON " M ro T(- tn 100 t^CO ONCnO '-' N ro^vo lO'O vO 1^00 CJN O O >-i OnOnOnOOOOOOOOOOOO"'-"" — — '-'-•'-' — "-►I'-MC^N r-- r-~ r^oo COOOCOCOCOOOCOCOCOOOCOCOCOCOCOCOOOOOC/DCOCOCOOOOOOOCO 6o HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. « cs O o O h4 oj rt rt 1) rt ro Cn. Tt . 'Ix^ [jn^ ->■ IJIL^ '.Xj .^' -Q ji ^ ^ ^O OJ a; o iJ vO "- O ^ m n fo CO •* H» H S 2; u c OJ -13 w '25 ? o S rt •*- IC -^ W to . a, is u 1) o H S ■i W w ^ 0) rt o -^ « 5 s r -t; <^ S S cu : cj c U tr OJ J3 > t:; O ?J rj O O) S^tTTj v^ o o o - _0 o O C >> i- I-- t/l O OJ t„ -* 2 S Mf 'nn C f^ ^ aj O rt p > HH is qj ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ci ^ , > £? "^ - •* ^ > J-)^ r^ M ro •^^ "^ NO t^oo On I- 1 II 1 1 M 1 1 1 u 1 Mill 1 III 1 II II w N n~l rj- "^VO t^OO On "- " l-l N ro Tj- Lovo t^ "" N ro Tf i/^ u->^ r^CO On •-< w M .— ro -rl- i^vO r^c/0 0^ ,_, N m Tf LOiO r^ 00 On ►- M ro •* u-lvO t--00 On O — N ^^ M CI N M f) ro rn m ro CO ro CO ro rorOTJ-Tj-'* Tr^'*'*'*^-*"^ s Q oooooooocosooooo CO CO CO CO 00 00 00 000000(yDOO 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N ro •<* "-1O l-^CO ON 1 MM M ro Tt iTNO I 1 t^ t^oo Ml II II 1 M 1 ON M N N CO -d- u-)vO t^CO ON c MNNNMOIOM CO rO rO rorOrOrOrorOrornrOTi-Tj-"^Tf"::)-Tj-Ti-tj-Tj-Tj-r^ < oococyocccooocooooooooo OOOOOCCOCXJOOCOOOOOOOCOOOCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOO SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. 6 1 o c o o ♦J ^-^^"^ c^ c ^ ji ^ d^^^^^^^ c^^^^ji^j£ ^^■^^^'p^tj [jh f^ fc fcM 1— . j^ '— ^ti, ;i, [jh ►— .;i< '^ u^ u^ Ui '^ Ui — >ii fePi,tL,ti--tH&H ttH[i,^i<^_:UH^ "^ ^ M r-, O^oo ^^N roN J^Tj-uororotrON ^^^ uioo u-)ij->m^ «^?Sn^Nn" tiJ tJoW ° ^ S g- .^ iS -a ^ ^ .X X = rf^ :^ o- . >> -g j2 ^s e-^ W P . P ??WK ^^^S^-g^'f ^^X 5 .|,^ g' 4 td —— . '■ ^/■^.CO On O I-" N r<^ ■+ i^O t^OO Cn O "" M f^ •* LnvO r^OO On O •- N ro ^ "TO rJ^vO r^OO On O i-i N ro ■* i^^ t^aO 0\ O '- N ro •<:)- vj-ivO r^CO ON O >- PI ro Tj- lovo •* ^ rt- Tj- Ti- Tj- Tl- •1 N rO "^ lOvO r~.00 ON O >-< N <~0 •'J- u-ivo t^OO On O " N <^ •* vnvO t-^ oooocooooooococooooosocooooooooocooooocoaococoooooooco 00 ON O •" N PO t^ t^CO 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 00 oo M 1 1 1 1 i M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M M 1 1 1 1 1 1 O i-< N ro »^ u-)vO r^co ON O i-i N rO rf u^sO r^OO ON O " M Tl ■+ li-ivo COOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOOOCOOOCCOOOOCOiOCXOCOOCOOOOOOOO MINI 1^00 On O «< N ro t-^ t^ t^OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo *m ».4 l-t I.H 1-4 >H .i^ 62 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. fXH CO < o u 00 tn w n J •^ n H en fi < U O H 3 :z; O o T3 CJ ^i ^ _>^ en c 1^ rt CJ 1 1— < K rog ro ro o w- HM y: -i*; c o o 00 vO ii: rt c ^ ^ Tj- •^ £ 1) > .2 't/3 F O CJ > rtv2 ^7 5 rt rt en rt .§ -a a, W OJ O CJ CJ ro CJ CJ -*^ '~^ a M CJ ro u-l " ro O O r< l-H cr; feP^ fe fe ^ ro ro V. (— i :« hH OJ o 1 — 1 CJ 1-4 CJ HH OJ h-i rj i> ro ro "c jT'c . H- 1 O 1— 1 (J f-H CJ HH O —t 1 is c3 C 1-1 c )-H C l-H o o N CO 1 00 ■_rt r^ ^ O o eu ? ■^ rt • .a ^ rt 2 T3 Pi o u 5 So o o Pi --y CO OJ O . rt KH en rt . .2 en rt u; ^!t:CJ rt c 'rt CJ 5 s i/i '*"*, [A 'j: ^ cA — Cj ■^ '^ en 11^ O en J3 ^ ^ O Pm o C (X O '^ O § CJ s rt gfeCJ o C/2 5^ O U U CJ u u Cfi u U CJ • • • • • - g • • ^ o c j:^ ^ -^ ,— s (3j rt rt 1) "cj ■^ ►> o OJ a; o P^ ■^ qj -TJ CJ g "^ ^ '^ !3 i-ri S _rt ■^ ■ o .§ 43 r; rt § .i J2 c "^ a. rt ; — ; M ^ ^a ~ CJ '~' -fl o -^ 3 ^ %- L- .u *-• u ^ H-t o O c > CJ >• 1"/ s >— » 1 — 1 >— > t— , ^ p^ K- r-H >— 1 CONSTABLES OF FLINT CASTLE. 63 tL >. . >> C T- O . c 'f'T^ -^ rt 5 '-' ■^ J! s o >-s .• t:; 3 ? ^^r; 2 =^ S ^. — o S "d Lc CO ci -z: ?^ 'j= ^ ^ O ^- E O - XI o tin "^n *.> ,^ 1; ^ », ■=

N c -d c ^" ^ »- OJ U-) _ >^ 0) 'y: oj y"' '^p. ■S 9. f- ^ ^ ii .^ 7i ^ ii M ^- l-^ .fc- *_i .4— ' K* r* "^ ■*— » U o ^ .p. ^o c . ^ II u O ro a. O o -^ o . C-, CL, 1-1 1> CO 10 1-^ 00 ,• CO Ci, ro fe ' 'J J a: r1 .'/l c ■y: U c (Si U "t^ c '-> B . ^ - . nj c G o) C C ^ .r: o u: ^ .<^ — *- *^ U I^ *^ '^ tiH i^ <_ 'd "-r i^ 'd •— o o c ° o c c rt (u ^- oj -- . r5 .G ''-^ ^t:: .S '-'^ •-- .5 -G -c h;, c/^ c/: <» U ■1) u qj ^^ (U 1^ OJ ;^ Ui bii ^ M o c 1; 0) rt w G OJ C t/3 (U > >> rt _/ Q OJ OJ "d -o ..c (3 Oh ui < e^ > 2 C 1) '7^ n V bU e« cs e< J Pi 64 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. .i-> w Vm -c u m 1 tc X D T* ' [/) t; sj .2 CJ rt u c X rt GJ rt g ^^ rt ^ Ji y ^ ■X E Pi So rt 1) "rt 3 rt u s rt 5* Ir. rt 1) "rt O 5 'J rt >^ ri o £ rt -^ ]rt U £ rt rt V £ rt ir. _3 n rt CJ -/ OJ ■J-. ij ii 1 5 rt CJ D rt 1! ,^ o OJ u •£ " Ch 'C >^ k- ^ :-< OJ X O o CJ o '/ c ^ o 5 ;- -.n rt CJ CJ 'wl "^ 3 U o o tjO— - O I- y; Pi O rt X •- "o Oi— > _G CJ C3 CJ hj tin 'a^ u t: kH i; . IJ ^ CJ CJ 'CJ CJ 'J HH 'J ^ 'J i-^ o . o . '-J ■a 1 1- 1- 5 •>* o CJ .— o *— 'J Pi "5 3 as &s Eos So£ Eo S c Sr^ o o O ^- a; »M (U 1- OJ M 5J „ IJ _ ■^ ,,-, V u s o o -y Cn CO (2 0) 0) to ■Si ^ r-~ "S " 2. ON M r^ ■5- T^ O g o <^ O "" ON t^ " V i ON ^ o • O ):L 1) >^^ "*-' >-«— rt a ^ >- o jj rt >, CJ « . u o •J jj :/: C O S E rt ^ tui n -^ rt rt • — o ° = '-> ^ o >— III Is o a i2^ £ ■^ S o W- f— '^ -^ "" t 2 _, o i£;2 CJ •-/: u X U o • c ^ c c -a ^'' i^ s o dj )A 4) oT 'S 9 rt rt CJ z CD 1 _o O c o t— > CJ 2 X rt O "u 2 CJ CJ CJ s o CONSTABLES OF FLINT CASTLE. 65 o o cy 2 -T^ o iw» . J _* •_ ■"■ . -^J u/ 7? „ « tn u P^ r t ^ O rt G J= >.^0 O (J a! O K ^-2 e _H O'rt S ? rC • o ^ 1) Ml >-« .S O 'S > O O > 1? "C O bJoS §3 .S o.H i- M C «ii It o i> ^_: u . - 0) • (U • i^ 5'-' I-" II s .a > J .2 -"* N g ^2 N . N Nl |_| 'S c ho pi; a> tfl QJ ffi a; :/3 ^ 1J -Si . i> J2 11 (U « 1— t '"~', "'"* *""! ..-J "^ ►-H "h; r— HH ■^ ^ t— i ■*"' ^^ "*"' ^~~i G ai q S^ 'i> 9 q ^ q r 0^ 9 p— ( 1^ 9^:" ' a5 ^ q^ ^;^ ^^ ^Pi ^fij ^;:i >^?£i h-l xi;^> ^;:i^;^ rt u 'O ■ u U u U U U cc^ •-* on" On N LO >, ^ >^ -1 C^TZi w •- 1^7:3 CJ\ -2. < 1— ) ' , ^ U-. (_. (^ «.w t-M fi 2§ •5 CJ ^ • rt lU i u -*-• U 3J 4> -*-» 13 ■*-• 52 '-" iS rt rt rt U '^ U cJ rt 1) G -^ *-» To c •^ 0, U U o.c rt 5J 0) 1) ^ z ^ 'o ^ ^ rt >> ^ ° "Sit: ri 0) 1) ^ JJ -J y _1J •5: 5 ' 0) fc3 3 -5 1^ 1^ 3 ^ 3 3 jJ-^ ■•-• -J-" .G •*-* 'C 2 'C rt rt 1"^ I/) -^ "S U3 ■-« IG "55 ■-/) [fi ^ y; y'-* M ^ "" J^ X hi< 0^ gfx. 5^ o G G ij £3 0^0 X Eo '.J 'O u U U u u u a a c o a a 'a G 5— a, ^> y) G Clt l-H oj rt rt ^ tl G O ■^-» o c _ _ .0 ■^ -C ^ tn C G' ^ -J 5 •;= p S ;> 72 ' ) Xl .'^ >:»« ^ n c; G rt r; rn rt ^ rt OJ ,0 ^ I-* )4 o 12; rt a 2 « o o G !« °'^ a S2; oil— > ^ .5 O is o o o rt W O O rt 66 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. ^ n a3 S" rt >: ^ ■ter to ai III. 22nd High n pro- ies in ^ Seal name ^5 ant." os.G um f oid 1 Edw r T Con Mentioned in the Chai the Borough by Willia See Memorial dated April 1709 to the Lord Treasurer as to certai entr Priv n the E a " His Majesty's serv by the death of Th wilh;^io per ann In survivorship, v death of Thomas In reversion afte Edwards. Fee as d in C G _o C Prior to 1760 the the books of the Office were made i of the person and not of the aj 4-t See Report of Mun porations Cora 1835- S2 S2 2 )-4 U5 13 0) O) 2 c 000 i^-^ ^ rt rt c3 ct es cj c c CIhPh Pi Ph (U S(^ e pq^pq PPP3 P^ <3J OJ 0) H u 0) m u 8 g 000 00 w-?* :-■ ^ 1-1 >* i^ . cl (^ rt rt rt rt rt rt £! rt rt c: rt . >< >^ > > > 'C 'C 'C uu U Pi PiPhP-( PhPh fT) On t^ ^ S 00 N iri NM >-. On '^ - T^ (U ti ro >,. t^ r-~ • Ti-r^ ^ rt t^ t-^ • r^ t^ t^oo <-> 00 00 l-l k;r^ t-t t-t H< n NH n ^^ f/J ;/; rt ci £ S C3 j= j= Hi- f§ "3 C >. CL, o ^ tA > U4 , >. K* c- ?- c M J; rt m rH h^ a c ^ *j £: t-" ci a G P ^^ e^H p:^ r3 rt r^ w. G I-^ '— ■ Ci rt rt (T. ^ G G G rt >> G 4) PU OS S-i£ • S -- iz:. ^ rt r-* C """ cr. oi^a CHAPTER IV. KING RICHARD II. DEPOSED IN FLINT CASTLE. Of all the different periods in the history of Flint, perhaps none is more interesting than that of the reign of Richard II., the son of the Black Prince. Richard was but a bo}', of eleven 3'ears of age, when he ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Edward III., on June 2nd, 1377. He was naturally of a gentle and amiable disposition ; and in after years sympathised with the people, and desired to amelio- rate their condition and relieve them from the oppressive burdens under which they laboured. But, through want of parental care and proper education, the evil habits he had contracted during his minorit}', and in which he was indulged by his favourites, completely unfitted him for sovereign power ; so that when he attained his majority (May, 1389), and took the reins of govern- ment into his own hands, he had neither the mind nor the resolution to act independently of the advice of those he suffered to monopolize his favours and affections. From the Chester Rolls at the Record Office, it appears that on the 24th of Februar}', 1383, Roger de Coghull v.-as appointed " Keeper " of the Castle of Flint, in the room of Lambert Fermor, to whom, on the death of Ralph de Davenport, Knt., that office had been given. Roger's salary was fixed at ^20 yearly, which sum, the entry specifies, was not to serve as a precedent for future Keepers of the Castle. Coghull was after- wards appointed Sheriff of the Count}- on the 26th of September, 1386, and the appointment alludes to a former grant to him of the office of Constable of the Castle. Roger Coghull, of Coghall or Coghull, near Chester, doubtless served under the Black Prince, as we find a grant of an annuity to him by that Prince of ;^io for life. He was the last in the male line of his family. He left two daughters, one of whom married Sir John Mascv, of 68 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Podynton; and the other, Sir John de Osbaldeston, of Chad- lington, county Oxford. The Mascy portion of his estate passed ultimately to the Stanley family, and at the recent sale of their property, to Mr. Hope, of Bebington. The Osbaldeston portion was alienated, and purchased by the Trustees of Whitchurch School, in whom it is now vested. On the 3rd of October (1383) there is an entry of a lease, by the King, to Alice the wife of John de Helegh, of the Mill of Adecrosse (Croes-ati), near Flint, for six j^ears, at 46s. Zd. yearly ; all men, as well those of the town of Flint as others residing near, and not owing suit at the Mill of the town of Flint for their lands, to be at liberty to grind corn at the said Mill of Adecrosse. From this it would appear that there were two mills at Flint. In old times. Lords of Manors built mills for the accommodation of their tenants, whence there arose a reciprocal obligation on the lords to repair, and on the tenants to use, the mills. Toll was taken in kind, and consequently, making no bad debts, the mills were a profit to their owners, who were able, therefore, to afford higher rents, and, as few other tenants could, to pay them in money. The King being Lord of the Manor of Flint both Adecrosse and Flint Town Mills belonged to the Palatinate, the latter perhaps being held by the Burgesses themselves. On the 14th of June, 1385, William del Hokes and Richard Feychet were appointed stewards of the court of the town. Judging from the number of appointments granted to John de Helegh, who is styled " Sir John Helegh of Flint " in a recog- nizance dated 8th of February, 1395, entered into by Ievan ap Meredith and others, to keep the peace towards Ithell ap Gruff (Helegh's servant) and others, he appears to have been a royal favourite. This perhaps was on account of the military services he had rendered to the Black Prince, the King's father, and to which reference is made in the following extracts from the Chester Rolls. At his death, in 1396, his son appears to have been appointed Deputy Constable of the Castle; and the order directing him to take up his residence in it is very interesting, as showing who was in charge of the fortress when Percy seized it. As will be seen hereafter, from further entries on the Chester Rolls, Helegh the son appears to have favoured the cause of his royal master, doubtless out of consideration for the benefactions conferred upon his father and himself, after King Richard's death, and to have suffered in consequence. 1387, July 24th. — Grant by the King to John de Helegh, of the Town of Flint, for life, in consideration of his services, in the foreign wars of Edward Prince of Wales, as also for home services done to the King: of the pleas KING RICHARD II. DEPOSED IN FLINT CASTLE. 69 and perquisites of the court of the Town of Flint, vaUied at ioo.f. od. yearly, the said John to account for all above the said amount [cancelled as enrolled on the fourth roll of the 15th Ric. II.]. 1387, July 25th. — Appointment of John de Helegh by the King, during pleasure, as steward of the Courts of the Town of Flint. 1387, July 26th. — The King to William de Hokes, late farmer of the pleas and perquisites of the courts of Flint, for livery of the office to John de Helegh. 1390, Nov. 23rd. — Grant to JOHN de Helegh, by the King, of the pleas and perquisites of the Courts of Flint, and the tolls of the same, to the yearly value of 100^. od. ; the said John to answer for all issues beyond the said iooj-. on the cancelling of a former grant to the said John of the same, not allowed by the auditors, being only under warrant of the signet. 1390, July 30th. — Appointment by the King of John Golofre, Knt., " Nostre cainerc," for life as Sheriff of the County of Flint, Constable of t/ic Castle of Flint, and Raglot (^Ragloritis — a steward) of the County. Previously, on the 6th of November, 1367, ''Edward, Prince of Wales," had granted to Sir John Golofre an annuity of ;^40 for life, to serve the Prince at all times when summoned, and in time of war, with two shields, and which grant was confirmed bj' "Richard, Prince of Wales, on the 29th February 1377." '• 1391, June. — Appointment of John de Helegh during pleasure, as steward and berghmaster, ' bermaystrum,' of the lead mines in the County of Flint, and to hold courts called ' berniotes^ " 1393. Tuesday after the feast of Michael. — Indenture of John Golofre, Sheriff of Flint and Constable of the Castle, appointing the said John de Helegh his deputy for three years." From the following entry it would appear that Sir John Helegh died about September 1396; and from the word "senior" being used after his name, it is presumed he had a son named "John," the same who was subsequently appointed Deputy Constable. " 1396, Sept. ID. — John de Mascy of Puddington, Knt., and William de Meysham, sureties for all debts due to the King from John de Helegh senior, late Sheriff of Flint, deceased. "Sept. 12. — Afterwards David del Malpas, Ralph de Hatton of Chester, and John del Hall of Chester, vintner, were joined to the aforesaid John and William." On the 19th December 1396, Nicholas Hauberk, Knt., was appointed for life to the offices of Constable of the Castle of Flint, and Sheriff of the County, together with the " ragloria " of the County, with the same fees as John Golofre, deceased, had, and on the 8th of January following he executed a deed appointing John de Helegh his deputy ; which deed very fully specifies the obligations of the offices. On the 24th of the same month, John de Mascy of Podynton, Knt., William de Meysham, John de Birchore, David de Birchore, William de Birchore, Ralph de Salbury, Richard de Salbury, William del Hokes, John de Foxlowe, Richard Fychet, and Thomas le Tannor, became yo HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. sureties that Helegh would faithfully fulfil the duties of the offices. On the 21st of August in the same year (1397), John de Helegh, deputy constable, was ordered to enter the Castle with his family, and to stay there, for its custody and defence. On the same day that Sir Nicholas Hauberk was appointed Constable, the King granted a lease of Croes Att Mill, or " Adycros- Mulne," near Flint, as it is called in the original entry, to John de Helegh, for eight years, at 26s. 8c/. yearly ; and on the 2nd of February 1398, almost one of Richard's last acts in connection with the Palatinate was to grant Helegh an annuity of iocs., which in these days would be equal to about ^70. It is evident that the native Welsh had not yet become recon- ciled to the English community in the Borough Town, as we find by the following entries, which speak for themselves : — " I395> J"ly 15- — Petition of the Burgesses and commonalty of Flint to the King, that, owing to the ill-will of the Welsh, the said burgesses were compelled to pay suit of prison ('suite et aise de prisone,') for every indictment or appeal of felony ; and that they were indicted daily to their destruction and. impoverishment ; and praying to be relieved from the said suit, and to be per- mitted to find bail, according to the law of England. " July 20. — Grant of freedom from the said suit for five years." We find in the Harl. MSS. 2099, fo. 444, a copy of a Charter dated on the 29th of November following, which added further to the privileges of the Burgesses. We do not find that this Charter is mentioned either by Pennant or any other writer, and this is the first time that it has appeared in print. It runs thus : — '■ Richard by the grace of God King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots. Priors. Dukes. Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs. Provosts, Ministers and all Bailiffs, and to his faithful subjects, ' greeting. We have examined the letters patent of the Lord Edward, formerly King of England, our ancestor, made to the Burgesses of the Town of Flint, in these \\ords [here the Charter of Edward L is set out.] But We having ratified and agreed to the letters patent and all the contents of the same, do hereby for Ourseives and Our heirs, as far as in Us lies, accept, ratify and approve them, and do hereby to the burgesses of the aforesaid town by the tenour of these presents, grant and confirm them as the aforesaid letters reasonably bear witness. And besides, by Our special favour, and on the advice of Our Council, we have granted for Ourselves and Our heirs to the burgesses of the above mentioned town that they and their successors may by their co-burgesses appear by attorney in matters in which they shall be petitioners, complainants, tenants, and defendants within the County of Flint, within the banks of the Conway and the Dee, except in those matters which concern the commonalty of the same town, in which matters they shall transact business in the same way as is contained in the above-mentioned letters of our Progenitor. Witnesses : The venerable fathers W[illiam Courtenay] Archkishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, Th[omas de Fitz-Alan] Archbishop of York, Primate of England, Our Chancellor, W[illiam de Wykeham] Bishop of Winchester, J[ohn Waltham] Bishop of Salisbury, Our Treasurer, John [of Gaunt] Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Thomas. Duke of Gloucester, Our most beloved uncles, Tho.mas Holland, Earl of Kent, KING RICHARD II. DEPOSED IN FLINT CASTLE. 7 1 our dearest brother, Thomas Percy, Seneschal of our Household, Edmund DE Stafford, Keeper of our Privy Seal, and others. "Given by Our hand at Westminster, 29th day of November in the 17th year of our reign." On the 20th September, 1396, the Pleas and perquisites of the Court of the Town of Flint were granted to Edward Messager for life; and on the 17th November following, Adam del Wode was appointed steward of the same court. The following entries relate to a grant of Atiscross, or Croes Ati Mill. They can hardly be reconciled with the grants to Alice Helegh and her son John Helegh. De Vere doubtless obtained for Brick - HULL the grants, and perhaps Helegh came to terms with him. " 1387. — Grant to John Brickhull, Yeoman of the Chamber to the Duke of Ireland (during pleasure) of the Mill oi ^' Adccrosse,'" of the yearly value of four marks, and in the King's hands by reason of the burgesses of Flint having built the same without license. " 1387, October 20.— A like grant." " i397> December 12th.— Peter, son of Edmund de Dutton, surety for John Brickhull, to whom the King had granted for life the Mill of Adycrosse within the Town of Flint, and who was to answer for the value of the same beyond four marks yearly." The following curious entry cannot be explained : possibly it relates to some early trace of the disaftection culminating in the deposition of Richard II. : — •' 1396, December 16. — David Vaghan ap David Lloyt, Gruft"' ap Gwillym, Bleth' ap Gwillym, David Dullyn, David ap Ken' ap Jevan, Jevan ap Ken' ap Jevan, Ken' ap Bleth' ap Mad', David ap Ken' ap Grutf ', Duy Mered' ap Rees, Gruff Duy de Cayrus, David ap Gruff Duy, John ap Mad' Gogh', Jor' ap Howell' ap Mad, Bleth' ap Howell ap Mad', Mad' ap Gruff' ap Bleth, LI' ap Gruff, Penbras, Tud ap LI' Gogh', Mad' ap LI' Gogh, LI' Vaghan ap LI' Gogh, Bleth' ap Gron' Gogh', and Jevan ap Mad' ap Bleth. Writ to Henry de Coneway, Kt., Constal)le of the Castle of Rothelan, to produce the above, his prisoners, before the Justice and Chamberlain of Chester, at Flint, to treat touching their delivery." In 1385 the King granted the Castle of Flint, with the Chief Justiceship of Chester to his favourite Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, afterwards created Duke of Ireland. Fourteen years later, on the attainder of that nobleman, it was granted to Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who basely requited the favour of the grantor by inveigling him to the Castle and putting him under the power of Bolingbroke. Richard undertook an expedition against Ireland, to avenge the death of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, Lord Lieutenant of that island, who had been slain there by the rebels. The Duke of Lancaster took advantage of his absence, and from banishment landed in England in July 1399. Richard landed at Conway, from Ireland, in the following September. There Percy met him, and intimated to him that Bolingbroke wished an interview for two exclusive purposes : first a patriotic one, that the nation be 72 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. allowed the privilege of having a Parliament ; and the other a private one, the restoration of his alienated property. On the King mistrusting the sincerity of the message and the professed intention of Percy, the latter, to quiet, or if possible overcome the royal apprehension, accompanied him to High Mass, and at the altar took the oath of allegiance and fidelity. The snare was laid; for when they had proceeded to a defile in the mountainous recesses near Pemnaen Rhos (Gwrych Castle, near Abergele), the King perceived his error by the appearance of a numerous militar}'' band, bearing upon their standards the Northumberland arms. He tried to escape ; but Percy, springing forward, caught the bridle of his horse and directed his course towards Flint, and the poor deluded Prince had only time to reproach the miscreant with his perfidy, by observing that the God he had sworn before that morning would do him justice, and amply retaliate the blas- phemous transaction at the day of judgment. After halting with his royal prisoner at Rhuddlan, for the purpose of refreshment, Percy conveyed him with promptitude to Flint Castle. The following narrative of what took place in the Castle is taken from an illuminated French manuscript in the British Museum (Harl. MSS. 131 9). It was written by a French nobleman who accompanied Richard, and was an eyewitness to his sudden and tragical fate. It appears that he, like many others of his country- men, was attracted to England by Richard's marriage with a princess of France. He came over to London in the spring of the year 1399, and remained in close attendance on King Richard for about seven months, and until that unhappy monarch was brought to London by the Duke of Lancaster. His manuscript, which formerly belonged to Charles of Anjou, Earl of Maine and Mor- tain, is now among the treasures preserved in the British Museum. It is written in French rhyme or verse, which was common at that time; but the part relating to the taking of the King in Flint Castle is given in prose. As a poem its merits are considered slender; but as a narrative of facts it is exceedingly valuable, and the facts themselves are of the most moving and interesting nature. It supplies an original and circumstantial account of the misfortunes of Richard II. in Wales and on the Borders ; it bears, too, suffi- cient internal evidence of its authenticity. Its value has been well appreciated by many English authors. Among our old annalists, both Holinshed and Stow have quoted it, and from Holinshed Shakespeare drew many of the materials which he wove into his grand and pathetic historical plays. In modern times historians have made great use of this French history', quoting it as an au- thoritative document of an otherwise very obscure part of English history. But the manuscript was never published in a perfect KING RICHARD II. DEPOSED IN FLINT CASTLE. 73 form until the Rev. John Webb, M.A., F.S.A., printed an admi- rable English translation of it, with numerous explanatory notes, in vol. XX. of the Archceologia ; and we are indebted to that gentle- man's labours for the following painful story. After detailing the account of the wars in Ireland, the stay in Dublin, the landing at Conway, Bolingbroke's doings and those of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and how Percy set out to take the King, the French noble says : — • " Thus he and his men travelled till they reached a very strong castle, called Flint. He (Percy) sent in an order, on the part of Duke Henry, to give up the fort to him, or all of them, v^'ithout favour or respite, should be delivered over to death. So King Richard's people opened the gate to him through fear ; he turned them out, and committed the keeping of it to a great party of his own men." He then gives an account of the meeting between Percy and the King, and of the latter's being taken prisoner and brought to Rhuddlan, where they " dined sumptuously in the strong castle there." Then he proceeds to say : — "Dinner being ended. Northumberland' drew out his people, being very dili- gent to ride on directly to Chester, where Duke Henry was awaiting the Earl with a great number of men. He [Duke Henry] was much surprised at his delay ; for he knew nothing of the business that the Earl had achieved, how he was bringing the King in his host. From Rhuddlan, immediately after dinner, without further delay, we went on straight to Flint, where we alighted. That fortress had been yielded to the Duke without any resistance ; into this castle on the morrow did he come, to take King Richard, and the whole of his party, as you shall presently hear. ' . . . Alas ! wherefore did we trust Northumberland, who hath delivered us into the hand of wolves ? I fear that we are all dead men, for these people here have no pity. May they be utterly confounded ! ' Thus spake the King at that time to Salisbury, who made greater lamenta- tion than ever I beheld : so did the Bishop of Carlisle. As for all the rest, not one of them went to sleep that night. - " Northumberland sent word to Duke Henry that very night, that he was bringing the King. The messenger arrived at Chester about break of day. He related to the Duke the whole. He gave the Duke a full account of King Richard, who was left at Flint. It gave him great pleasure and joy at heart ; and with good reason, for there was nothing in the world that he more desired. "The whole of Duke Henry's army was encamped about Chester, and spread themselves over a considerable extent of country. Then he caused it to be pro- claimed that every one should be ready to accompany him, wherever he might ' Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland, was eldest son of Henry Percy, by Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, married 22 Edward HI. to a daughter of Lord Nevill, by whom he had three sons, the eldest of whom was the celebrated Hotspur. . . . The zeal that he had shown in the cause of Henry IV. procured his advancement to the office of Constable of England for life, and the gifts of the Isle of Man, to hold by bearing the sword of Lancaster at the coronation. He was besides made Constable of the Castles of Chester, Flint, Conway, and Caernarvon ; which appointment was subsequently con- ferred on his son Henry Hotspur. " At one o'clock the Bishop of Carlisle exhorted them to submit to their fate with resignation, on which they ceased bewailing themselves, and went to bed. 74 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. lead them, and the English sounded many a trumpet. Now will I tell you of the taking of the King, without seeking any more rhymes, that I may the better set down the whole of the words that passed between these two at their meet- ing ; because I think that I thoroughly remember them. So I will relate them in prose ; for it seems that (in verse) one sometimes adds or brings together too many words to the matter whereof one is treating. Now, may He who made us in His own likeness, punish all those who committed this outrage ! " I shall treat in this part, of the afflictions and sorrows of King Richard in the Castle of Flint, when he waited the coming of the Duke of Lancaster ; who set out from the City of Chester on Tuesday the 22nd day of August, in the year of the Incarnation of our Lord 1399, with the whole of his force ; which I heard estimated by many knights and squires at upwards of one hundred thousand men, marshalled in battle array, marching along the sea-shore with great joy and satisfaction, and eager also to take their rightful and natural lord, King Richard ; who, early in the morning of the said Tuesday, arose, attended by sorrows, sadness, afflictions ; mourning, weeping, and lamentations: he heard mass most devoutly, like a true Catholic, with his good friends, the Earl of Salisbury, the Bishop of Carlisle, Sir Stephen Scroope, and another knight, named Ferril:)y, who for no adversity, nor any disaster that befel the King, would desert him. There was moreover with them one who was son of the Countess of Salisbury, whom King Richard had knighted in Ireland, together with the eldest son of the Duke of Lancaster, and many others. There was there likewise Jenico, a Gascon squire,' who showed well the true love he had for King Richard ; for never, for threats of knights or squires, nor for any entreaty whatever, would he put off the device of his lord the King, to wit, the hart,'- saying : ' Now, God forbid that for mortal man I should put off the order of my rightful lord, save at his own command.' So that at last it came to the knowledge of the Duke of Lancaster, who caused him to be led shame- fully and basely to the Castle of Chester, expecting that from day to day they would cut off his head; for such was the common report of the people; and yet, as I have since heard, he was not put to death for it ; but I can assure you, he was the last who bore the order of King Richard in England King Richard, having heard mass, went ujion the walls of the Castle, which are large and wide on the inside, beholding the Duke of Lancaster as he came along the sea-shore with all his host. It was marvellously great, and showed such joy and satisfaction that the sound and bruit of their instruments,^ horns, buisines, and trumpets, were heard even as far as the Castle. "Then did he commend himself to the holy keeping of the Lord of all the saints of heaven in this manner : — ' Alas ! now see I plainly that the end of my days draweth nigh, since I must needs be delivered into the hands of mine enemies, who mortally hate me that never deserved it. Surely, Earl of North- umberland, thou shouldest have great fear and dread of heart lest our Lord ' " I399i-'^"g^ist 20th. Thomas Grey. Kt., and John de Stanley, sureties m£'ioo, that James 1 )arteys (D'Artoise?). imprisoned in the Castle of Chester by command •of Henry Duke of Lancaster, would not escape out of the walls of Chester {^Chester Rolls, 22 Rich. XL] Cancelled because the said James was liberated by warrant of the Duke of Lancaster, directed to Henry de Percy, Justice of Chester, and by warrant of the said Justice to Nicholas de Rygby, Constable of the Castle." - The white hart kneeling, a crown about his neck, and chained or, was Richard's favourite livery. ■' The band would have received a strong accession of military musicians from the famous Minstrels of Chester. The family of Northumberland had always several minstrels in pay. KING RICHARD II. DEPOSED IN FLINT CASTLE. 75 God take vengeance upon ihe sin which thou didst commit when thou vowedst so foully by him to draw us forth from Conway, where we were right secure. Now for this may God reward thee ! ' "Thus spake King Richard to the Earl of Salisbury, to the Jiishop of Carlisle, and to the two other knights. Sir Stephen Scroope and Ferriby, weep- ing most tenderly, and greatly lamenting upon the said walls of the Castle. So that, I firmly believe, no creature in this mortal world, let him be who he would, Jew or Saracen, could have beheld these five together without being heartily sorry for them. While they were in this distress, they saw a great number of persons quit the host, pricking their horses hard towards the Castle to know what King Richard was doing. In this first company was the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, Sir Thomas Percy,' and the Earl of Rutland, whom Duke Henry had removed from his office of Constable of England, and from the Dukedom of Aumarle. which he held aforetime of King Richard The Archbishop entered first, and the others after him ; they went up to the donjon. Then the King came down from the walls, to whom they made very great obeisance, kneeling on the ground. The King caused them to rise, and tirew the Aixhbishop aside ; and they talked together a very long while. What they said I know not ; but the Earl of Salisbury afterwards told me, that he had comforted the King in a very gentle manner, telling him not to he alarmed, and that no harm should happen to his person. The Earl of Rutland at that time said nothing to the King, but kept at as great a distance as he could from him. just as though he had been ashamed to see himself in his presence. They mounted their horses again, and returned to Duke Henry, who was drawing very nigh : for between the city of Chester and the Castle there are but ten short miles, which are equal to five French leagues, or there- abouts. And there is neither hedge nor bush between them ; nothing but the sea-shore, and on the other side lofty rocks and mountains." And be assured that he made a fine show with them as they came ; for they were right well marshalled, and their numbers were such, that, for my own part, I never saw so many people together. I think that the chief captain of all the L)uke's army was Sir Henry Percy ,^ whom they hold to be the best knight in England. The King went up again upon the walls, and saw that the army was two bow-shots from the Castle ; then he, together with those who were with him, began anew great lamentation, bewailing most piteously his consort, Isabel of France, and calling upon our Lord Jesus Christ, saying, ' Good Lord God, I commend myself into Thy holy keeping, and cry Thee mercy, that Thou mayest pardon all my sins ; since it is Thy pleasure that I should be delivered into the hands of mine enemies ; and if they cause me to die, I will take death patiently as Thou didst for us all.' While he thus spake, the host approached the Castle, and entirely surrounded it, even to the sea, in very fair array. Then the Earl of Northumberland went to Duke Henry, who was drawn up with his men at the foot of the mountains. They talked together rather a long while, and concluded that he should not enter the Castle till such time as the King had dined, because he was fasting. .So the Earl returned to the Castle. The table being laid, the King sat down to dinner, and caused the Bishop of Carlisle, the Earl of Salisbury, and the two knights. Sir Stephen Scroope and Ferriby, to be seated, saying thus, ' My good, time, and loyal friends, being in peril of death for maintaining loyalty, sit ye down with me.' In the meantime a great number of knights, squires, and archers quitted the army of Duke ' Sir Thomas Percy was brother to Northumberland and uncle to Hotspur. '^ We cannot make out the mountains which he speaks of, unless he means the Halkyn and Moel-y-Gaer Hills. ^ This was the celebrated Hotspur, son of Northumberland. 76 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Henry and came to the said Castle, desiring to behold their King ; not for any goodwill that they bore him, but for the great thirst that they had to ruin him, and to put him to death. They went to see him at dinner, and published throughout the Castle, that as soon as the Duke should come, all those that were with him, without any exception, would have their heads cut off. And they moreover said that it was not at all certain whether the King would escape. At the hearing of this news every one had great fear and dread at heart for himself, because Nature teacheth every creature to fear and dread death more than anything else besides. For my own part, I do not think that I ever was so much afraid as I was at that time ; considering their great contempt, and how unwilling they were to listen to right reason or loyalty. And forasmuch as Nature constrained me to dread death, my companion and myself consulted Lancaster the herald, who with a great number of persons had come unto the Castle to the King : so I besought him for the love of our Lord that he would help us to save our lives, and that he would be pleased to bring us to Duke Henry, his master. Then he answered us, that he would do it right willingly.' The King was a very long time at table ; not for anything he ate ; but because he well knew that so soon as he had dined, the Duke would come for him, to carry him off, or put him to death. They also let him remain a long time at table, because he was fasting. After he had dined, the Archbishop of Canter- bury and the Earl of Northumberland went in search of the Duke of Lancaster. He quitted his men, who were drawn up in a very fair array before the Castle, and with nine or eleven of the greatest lords who were with him, came to the King. At the entrance to the Castle, Lancaster, the herald, brought us before the |Duke, kneeling on the ground ; and the herald told him in the English language that we were from France, and that the King had sent us with King Richard into Ireland for pleasure, and to see the country, and earnestly entreated him to save our lives. Then the Duke made answer in French, ' My young men, fear not, nor be dismayed at anything that you behold, keep close to me, and I will answer for your lives.' This reply was most delightful to us. After this the Duke entered the Castle, armed at all points, except his basinet, as you may see in this history [illumination on next page]. Then they made the King, who had dined in the donjon, come down to meet Duke Henry, who, as soon as he perceived him at a distance, bowed to the ground ; and as they approached each other he bowed a second time, with his cap in his hand ; and then the King took off his bonnet, and spake first in this manner: "Fair cousin of Lancaster, you be right welcome.' Then Duke Hnery replied, bowing to the ground, 'My lord, I come sooner than you sent for me : and I will tell you why I did so. The common report of your people is, that you have, for the space of twenty, or two-and-twenty years, governed them very badly and very rigorously, and in so much that they are not well contented therewith. But if it please our Lord, I will help you to govern them better than they have been governed in time past.' King Richard then answered him, 'Fair cousin, since it pleaseth you, it pleaseth us well.' And be assured that these are the very words that they two spake together, without taking away or adding anything : for I heard and understood them very well. And the Earl of Salisbury, and another aged knight who was one of the council of Duke Henry, told me the same in French. He told me, as we rode to Chester, that Merlin - and Bede had, from the time in which ' They probably recognised this herald from having seen him in the suite at Paris. His style was " Lancaster King at Arms." '" The prophecies of Merlin in those days had their practical influence through- out England and Wales, and were widely circulated through the Continent. They were printed at Paris, in French, a.d. 1498 ; in London, by Wynkynde Worde, a.d. 1529 ; and at Venice in 1554. KING RICHARD II. DEPOSED IN FLINT CASTLE. 79 they lived, prophesied of the taking and ruin of the King, and that if I were in his castle he would show me the prophecy, in manner and form as I had seen it come to pass, saying thus : — " ' There shall be a king in Albion who shall reign for the space of twenty or two-and-twenty years in great honour and in great power, and he shall be allied and united with those of Gaul ; which king shall be undone in the parts of the north in a triangular place.' Thus, the knight told me, it was written in a book belonging to him. The triangular place he applied to the town of Conway ; and for this he had a very good reason ; as though it had been so laid down by exact measurement. In the said town of Conway was the King sufficiently undone ; for the Earl of Northumberland drew him forth, as you have heard before, by the treaty which he made with him ; and from that time he had no power. Thus the knight held this prophecy to be true, and attached thereto great faith and credit ; for such is the nature of the people of that country that they thoroughly believed in prophecies, phantoms, and witchcraft, and have recourse to them very willingly. Yet in my opinion this is not right; but shows a great want of faith. "Thus, you have heard, came Duke Henry to the Castle and spake unto the King, to the Bishop of Carlisle, and the two knights. Sir Stephen Scroope and Ferriby ; howbeit, unto the Earl of Salisbury he spake not at all, but sent word to him by a knight in this manner, ' Earl of Salisbury, be assured that no more than you deigned to speak to my lord the Duke of Lancaster, when he and you were in Paris at Christmas last, will he speak unto you." Then was the Earl much abashed, and had great fear and dread at heart, for he saw plainly that the Duke mortally hated him. The said Duke Henry called aloud, with a stern and savage voice, ' Bring out the king's horses ; ' and then they brought him two little horses' not worth forty franks ; the King mounted one, and the Earl of Salisbury the other. Every one got on horseback, and we set out from the said Castle of Flint about two hours after midday. " In form and manner as you have heard, did Duke Henry take King Richard, his Lord ; and he brought him with great joy and satisfaction to Chester,- which place he had quitted in the morning. And know that with great difficulty could the thunder of heaven have been heard, for the loud noise of their instruments, horns, buisines, and trumpets ; insomuch that they made the sea-shore resound with them." If the historian Froissart may be credited, Richard did not experience ingratitude from man alone : for his very dog deserted him. and fawned on his rival, Bolingbroke, as if he understood and predicted the misfortunes of his old master. The story is so singular that we shall relate it in the words of Froissart's noble translator. Sir John Bourchier, Lord Berners, who, speaking of the transactions in Flint Castle, says : — ' This studied mortification was particularly hurtful to the feelings of KicUARD, whose taste and fondness for fine horses were proverbial ; and it was the custom at this period to mount criminals of high rank upon the most miserable jades that could be found ; it was one of the final acts of degradation before execution. - According to some authors, the King was brought to Chester on the 20th of August. Carle places this event on the 19th of August. The extract from the Chester Rolls, in note ', page 74. seems to confirm this. 8o HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. "And as it was enfourmed me, Kyng Richarde had a grayhounde called Mat/ie, who alwayes wayted upon the Kynge, and woulde knowe no man els. For whan so ever the Kynge dyd ryde, he that kepte the grayhounde dyd lette hym lose, and he wolde streyght runne to the Kynge and fawne uppon him, and leape with his fore fete uppon the Kynge's shoulders. And as the Kynge and the erle of Derby ' talked togyder in the courte, the grayhounde who was wont to leape upon the Kynge, left the Kynge and came to the Erie of Derby, duke oi Lancastrc, and made to hym the same friendly countinaunce and chere as he was wonte to do to the Kynge. The duke, who knewe not the grayhounde, demaunded of the Kynge what the grayhounde wolde do. ' Cosyn,' quod the Kynge, 'it is a great good token to you, and an evyll sygne to me.' ' Sir, howe knowe you that ? ' quod the duke. ' I know it well,' quod the Kynge. ' The grayhounde maketh you chere this day as Kynge of Englande, as ye shalbe and I shalbe deposed ; the grayhounde hath this knowledge naturallye ; therefore take him to you ; he wyll folowe you and forsake mee.' The duke understoode well those wordes, and cheryshed the grayhounde, who wolde never after folowe Kynge Richarde, but folowed the duke oi LancastreP An illustration of this incident by Mr. Randolph Caldecott will be found on the next page. For the account of the scene in Flint Castle as given by Shakespeare in his drama King Richard II., our readers are referred to Act III., scene iii. — Wales : Before Flint Castle. Richard had not been a prisoner long when he met with an untimely death. It is said that Henry IV. sent Sir Piers Exton to rid him of his rival ; and that Exton despatched his victim in the manner commonly related.^ ' Earl of Derby. This title must not be confounded with that conferred upon the Stanley family in later years. Henry Bolingbroke was called the Earl of Derby, a title his maternal grandfather and gi-eat-grandfather had borne, and which his mother Blanche brought her husband John of Gaunt, together with the Duchy of Lancaster, upon the death of her father and her elder sister. - We are favoured by Mr. Beedham, of Ashfield House, near Kimbolton, with the following : — "There are two different pictures of RICHARD II. still preserved. The first ' large life-size, seated, in royal robes, diapered with a coronet R. ; used to hang in Westminster Abbey above the Lord Chancellor's pew, next to the pulpit ; it was removed in 1775 to the Jerusalem Chamber, wh^re it has hung ever since ; it is supposed to represent the King in the Coronation Chair, on the Feast of the Translation of King Edward the Confessor. ' Dr. Waagen says of this portrait, ' The development of art shown in this portrait is far too great to be of the time of this king. Perhaps it is a copy from an original, now lost, of the first half of the i6th century.' The second portrait is at the Earl of Pembroke's, at Wilton. It is called the work of an early English artist, and is thus described : 'Wings of a diptych, with portrait of Richard II., and his patron saints (Edmund, Edward the Confessor, and John the Baptist) on one leaf, and the Madonna and Child with Angels on the other.' Mentioned by Waagen in ^ Treasures of Art in Great Britain,' iii. 150; engraved by Hollar." ^ CHAPTER V. FLINT AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD DURING THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. The following extracts from the Welsh Records and Recognizance Rolls of the Palatinate of Chester form the only facts of interest that can be gathered, relating to events occurring in Flint and the neighbourhood during the reign of Henry IV. Soon after Bolingbroke's usurpation there commenced a series of troubles, of which very little conception can in our day be formed, — troubles which laid the foundation of the civil contests between the Houses of York and Lancaster, that for several generations involved the country in all the horrors of civil war. There had been almost unbroken peace between the English and the Welsh for about 120 years. Nevertheless the latter had borne the annexation of the Principality to the Crown of England with reluctance. English laws and customs were forced upon them, and English officers appointed to carry them into execution. Almost all the castles in the Marches of Wales had towns close by them inhabited by the English; and the charters of those towns gave great liberties to the English, but no Welshman might be a burgess or purchase land therein. Here is an instance extracted from the Rolls above-mentioned : — " 1366, August 22. Grant to Jevan ap Henry by Edward Prince of Wales, on a fine of 10 marks, of one messuage and 9^ acres of land in ' Le Paas de Hopedale ' of English land, which same tenement, one Englishman, named Pymme, purchased from Edward I. at his conquest of Wales, and gave it to Richard his son, and Angharet his wife, and their heirs ; which Richard and Angharet had issue one Margery, who, after the death of the said Richard, married Henry, son of David ap Cadugan, a Welshman, of whom issued the said Jevan ap Henry, a Welshman, who could not hold English land without license, on which account the said tenements escheated to the Prince." Nay, in the reign of Henry IV., so severe were the laws against 84 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. the Welsh that no person born, on both sides, of Welsh parents, was allowed to purchase property even near to the cities or towns on the Marches of Wales, on pain of forfeiture. No Welshman could be recpived into any incorporated town ; and if he had been settled in any such before, he was to find security for his good behaviour. They were totally disqualified from any civil office, were never allowed to carry weapons, and lastly. English- men were prohibited from marrying Welshwomen. In the reign of Richard II. an attachment to the person of the King appears to have sprung up amongst the Welsh, which was shared by the inhabitants of the County of Chester, and they were quite prepared to follow any one who would lead his coun- tr^'men against the usurping dynasty. This leader appeared in the person of " the wild and irregular," yet undoubtedly valiant Owen Glyndwr. Owen had received a liberal education. He entered the Inns of Court, and became a barrister : whilst there, he attracted the notice of Richard II., to whose household he became attached as one of the "squires of the body." He seems to have quitted his forensic profession for the greater attractions of a military life ; and he accompanied King Richard as his shield-bearer in his wars in France and Ireland, and was with him when he was taken prisoner in Flint Castle. He was knighted before the deposition of Richard, as he is described as a Knight when appfearing as one of the witnesses in the celebrated cause between Sir Richard le Scrope and Sir Robert le Grosvenor.' On the fall of his patron he acted as Esquire to the Earl of Arundel, and afterwards retired to his native country, remaining faithful to the last to the cause of his Royal Master. He married a Flintshire lady — viz., Margaret, the daughter of Sir David Hanmer, of Hanmer, one of the Judges of the King's Bench, ancestor of the late Lord Hanmer, by whom he had a large family. His brother-in-law, John Hanmer, married Margaret, daughter and heiress of David ap Blethyn Vychan of ' This cause was beard in the reign of Richard II. in the Court of Chivalry, and is the first long law-suit on record. It lasted four years. The point at issue was whether .Sir Richard le Scrope or Sir Robert le Grosvenor had the right to bear for arms "azure a bend or"— that is, a diagonal golden bar across a background of light blue. There was a tremendous array of evidence, as well oral as documentary, on both sides. John of Gaunt, Owen Gi.YNDWR, GeofI'KEY Ciiaucer, and scores of lords, knights, and squires, the surviving veterans from the French wars of Edward III. and Edward the Black I'RiNCE, were put into the witness-box. Deeds, chronicles, monastic records, and even monuments — some of the papers purporting to date back to the fabulous days of King ARTHUR — were either brought into court, examined by commission, or in some way or other adduced as evidence. So difficult was it, indeed, to make out and determine between the conflicting claims of the two parties to the suit, that the court at last awarded the disputed coat of arms to THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. 85 Oakenholt, through whom that estate passed into the Hanmer family, and belonged to them at any rate in the time of James I. Glyndwr probably would have ended his days in peaceful obscu- rity, but for his feud with his Norman neighbour, Lord Reginald de Grey, of Ruthin Castle, which resulted in his appearing in open revolt against King Henry IV. The history of this revolt, of the invasion of the Scotch under Douglas, of the subsequent insurrection of the Percies, and the death of Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury, form a prominent part in the History of England, and have been dramatized by Shakespeare. John Trevor, Bishop of Saint Asaph, was on the 13th of August, 1399, appointed Chamberlain of Chester, Flint, and North Wales, by Richard, who had previously made him Bishop ; but, soon after his appointment, he pronounced the sentence of deposition on his King in Flint Castle, and also went as Ambassador to Spain, to justify to that Court the pro- ceedings of Bolingbroke. His conduct in this matter aroused the indignation of Glyndwr, who avenged himself upon the Bishop by marching to Saint Asaph and burning down the Cathedral, the Palace, and the Canons' houses. Trevor subsequently trans- ferred his allegiance from King Henry (who had confirmed his appointment as Chamberlain) to Glyndwr, and remained his faithful supporter until his death in 1410 at Paris. Robert Lancaster, Abbot of the Monastery of Valle Crucis, was ap- pointed his successor, and the grant of the temporalities of the Bishopric to him, " Collation to benefices excepted, in aid of the repairs of the Cathedral," will also be found among the extracted items. The story of the revolt is related as it has come down to us in the Proclamations, Writs, Commissions, Warrants, Pardons, etc., formerly of record in the Palatine Court of Chester, now ren- dered accessible to the nation at the Public Record Office, London. In the beginning of Henry's reign, viz., October 29th, 1399, Sir Henry Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland, was both of them — directing, however, that Sir Robert le Grosvenor should "difference" it with "a bordure argent," or, in other words, a silver border. This decision by no means satisfied Sir Robert. He claimed the older coat, and woidd not be put ofif with the new one. He carried his appeal to the King — the fountain of honour — in person, and his Majesty appointed a special com- mission to re-hear the case and report to him. In the end the judgment of the Court of Chivalry was confirmed, but it was decreed by Richard II. that if Sir Robert le Grosvenor did not choose to bear "azure a bend or within a bordure argent" he might be permitted to adopt instead "azure a garb or" — that is, a golden wheatsheaf on a background of blue — this being the coat of the ancient Earls of Chester, from whom the Grosvenors also claimed descent. Sir Robert accepted the alternative, and the •' garb or on a field of azure " remains the arms of the Grosvenor or Westminster family to this day. 86 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. appointed Lieutenant and Justice of North Wales, Chester, and Flintshire, and Sir William Stanley fought under him against the Scots. The appointments of Sir Nicholas Hawberk, by King Richard, as Constable of Flint Castle, etc., were confirmed by Henry, Prince of Wales, on the 2nd of November, 1399, and a warrant was issued, to the Chamberlain of Chester, for payment to him of the fees of those offices. It is recorded that Hawberk kept the Castle with four men-at- arms and twelve archers at an expense of ^146 per annum, a considerable sum in those days. His deputy, John Helegh, was also confirmed in his offices. On the same day a lease of the pleas and perquisites of the Town of Flint, for two years, at 1005. per annum, was granted to "Henry de Salsbury." A branch of the family of Salusbury, as will hereafter appear, were long afterwards settled at Leadbrook, and took a prominent part in events relating to Flint. The first signal of coming events is a warrant of Henry, Prince of Wales (who three days before, November 12th, had a grant of the Principality of Wales with all its revenues), dated November 15th, 1399, directed to the Chamberlain of Chester, for the repair of " all castles, houses, and mills in the counties of Chester, Flint, and North Wales," "on the view of John de Mascy, of Podynton." A Rebellion in Wales was now imminent, having indeed com- menced in Cheshire, where Richard's cause was always popular; and thus we find that on "March 15, 1399 — 1400, Henry, Prince of Wales, as Palatinate of Chester, issued his Writ to the Mayor and two Sheriffs of Chester to make proclamation that all Governors of Castles or Fortresses in the Counties of Chester, Flint, North Wales, and elsewhere throughout the power of the Prince should, within 15 days after the proclamation, enter upon the personal custody of the same ; ' the Prince having heard of evil designs on the part of his enemies as well those of .Scotland as those of France, and having consideration to the rebellions commenced by some of the County of Chester.' A similar Writ was issued to the Chamberlain." Chester was too near the scene of revolt not to be a prominent point of interest to the young Prince and his advisers. In all campaigns the commissariat of an army is the first anxiety of its general ; and accordingly, "On the 30th September, 1400, Henry issued his Writ to the Mayor and Sheriffs of Chester to provide Provisions for the King and Prince on the occasion of their departure for North Whales to put down the rebels." On the very next day, viz., October ist, 1400, following up the former Order, The Mayor and Sheriffs of Chester are commanded to provide 20 archers THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. 87 for the safe conduct of the provisions which the officers of the King and Prince had been commanded to provide in the same City, and to convey them to Denbigh." Not satisfied to trust all his eggs to one basket, and aware of the consequences of failure in this particular, "October 14, 1400, Henry, Prince of Wales, sends letters to John de Stanley, Knight, Lieutenant of Ireland, for the exportation from Ireland to North Wales of 100 quarters of wheat, 60 qrs. of oats, and 30 qrs. of peas, as well for the provisioning of the Castles of North Wales as for the relief of the country, great dearth of grain prevailing in those parts. " Rebellion now openly raging, the Prince is inopportunely summoned, by the King his father, to London by a certain day ; whereupon, to make matters as sure as he could during his absence, we find in "1401-2, Januaiy 15, Appointment, by Henry, Prince of Wales, of Edmund, ■ Earl of Stafford ; John, Bishop of Saint Asaph ; Reginald, Lord Grey of Ruthin ; William Swynburn, and John Mascy, of Podynton, Knight, as his Lieutenants in North Wales for the safeguard and good governance of those parts, and the destiniction of the rebels there, during the absence of the Prince ; he having been ordered by the King to be at London on the Monday before the Purification of Saint Mary." The next three months proved intensely perilous to the prospects of the new King, for Owen Glyndwr had made himself felt in the Marches of Wales, and one of the royal Castles was just then in imminent danger of capture. A peremptory Order [confirming Pennant's statement] comes April i8, 1402, from " The King to the Chamberlain of Chester, to send immediate aid to the Castle of Ruthin, in great danger by the sudden invasion of Owen Glyn- DOURDY, who had taken Lord Grey of Ruthin prisoner, as the King, to his great grief, had heard ; that Henry Percy, governor of Denbigh Castle, which was near to Ruthin, had ordered his constable to give his assistance and advice." The English towns and castles in the border counties of Flint and Denbigh soon felt the pressure of having the rebels in force hovering around them. Trade was at a standstill ; intercommu- nication between place and place was precarious and full of danger, and provisions began to fail. And so, dipping further into these Records, we find that on "July 8, 1402, Letters of Nicholas Foxwyst, receiver or steward of Hawardyn, reach the Mayor and Sheriffs of Chester, signifying the appointment by the Lady Salisbury of Madoc de Stafford ; Alice, wife of John de Morton ; Ellen, wife of William de Kenesley, and Alice le Smylter, as purveyors for her Castle and town of Hawardyn. and praying pennission for them to enter the city, when requisite, for the purchase of provisions." The same dearth of which the Hawarden people complained was equally felt in the other neighbouring towns. Appeals urgently made to the Prince ended in orders being issued that Chester 88 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. should^ supply the needed relief. Wrexham was in dire plight — not, it would seem, for food just then, but for something almost dearer to the residents of the North Wales metropolis. It was the middle of July, and the King's lieges there were feeling the heat in a rather vulnerable point. Nothing stronger to drink than water was available in the little town ; and what must have been a terrible thing for the Wrexhamers of that day, there was no beer to be had for love or money ! Accordingl}^ on "July II, 1402, William de Hawardyn, clerk, of Chester, becomes surety that David ap David de Wryxham, Howel Ap Matheu Wrixham, and Gron' le Taillor of Wrixham, traunters [carriers or pedlars], who had been licensed to buy beer in the city of Chester, should not dispose of such beer to the rebels." On the same day, John de Helegh and Gruff' ap Ken' became sureties to the same effect for Jevan Lloit of Northope, David ap Gron' ap Gruff' of Wepre, Llian Vergh' Mad' de Northope, and Leticia of Northope, traunters. Helegh also gave the same suretyship for the Abbot of BXsingvverk. Again, on "July 13, 1402, the Commonalty of freemen of the Lordship of Hopedale petition the Council and Ministers of Prince Henry, shewing that they stood greatly in need of bread and beer, and praying that the same might be given them from the city of Chester, out of charity, and in ■ regard to the assiduous watch they made by day and night against the coming of the rebels and enemies of the Prince; four of the said Commonalty becoming sureties that the said bread and beer should not be disposed of to the rebels, and the following being appointed porters of the said bread and beer — viz., Jor' Brosser, Jevan ap Jor' ap Mad', and Jor' ap Jevan Taillor." Again we find the Prince of Wales, after seeing his land forces placed in fighting trim, growing anxious as to the safety of the seaboard. Perhaps, prudent soldier as he was, he wished to have command of the water, in case of any serious reverse ; possibly he had found Glyndwr obtaining food and arms for his followers through one or other of the neighbouring Welsh ports : certain it is that Henry himself was dependent largely, for stores and material, on the freedom of his communications with Ireland. Whichever of these thoughts it was that actuated him, we see from the accompanying record that a little local navy was being hastily improvised at Chester for the Cheshire and Welsh coasts. Henry' Hotspur was still loj'al, as will be seen from the following entry : — " 1402, April 3. Wan-ant of Henry, Prince of Wales, to the Chamberlain of Chester, for the issuing of writs de intendendo, for obedience to the said Henry de Percy, Knight, whom the Prince had appointed one of his lieutenants for North Wales, for the safeguard of those parts, and the destruction of the rebels there." Hotspur, being in command of Denbigh Castle, engages two THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. 89 prominent Knights of Wirral, whom he names, to serve with their retainers on board the ships awaiting them in the Dee : — " 1402, May 23. Indenture between Henry de Percy, Knight. Lieutenant and Justice of North Wales, and John de Pull (Poole), and William de Stanley, Knights : the said John and William to serve the said Henry ' sur la meer' with 24 lances and 48 archers for 14 days after their muster, to be made at Chester on the 26th May following the date of this Indenture ; each of the said Knights to receive 2s. a day, each lance 1 2d. , and each archer 6d. ; half the amount for the whole time to be paid in hand, and the other half on the day of muster ; the master mariners to receive the same as when taken for the King's service, to pay their third of the gains of the war to the said Henry, and to deliver to him any person ' ou chiefteyn riall, ' taken by them during the war, and to be rewarded for the same. Memorandum of the pay- ment of the said wages." Six weeks after this, we find two approved master mariners of Wirral nominated to high-sounding commands in the little fleet collected in the Dee. The citizens of Chester had, during that short interval, been manning and equipping their small craft ; the which being now ready to sail, we read as follows : — " 1402, July 7. Ajjpointment of John de Molynton and Thomas de Capen- HURST by Henrj', Prince of Wales, as governors and chief admirals of the barge called the ' Trinity ' of Chester, and of other three small vessels, fully armed, in which the Mayor and Sheriffs of Chester were about to put to sea in the service as well of the King as of the Prince." Money was no doubt a difficulty with the insurgents under Glyndwr, and it seems to have been a commodity not too plentiful even in the coffers of Prince Henry. Thus we find that from another writ dated " nth July, 1402, Richard de Byrchore and Adam, son of Madoc ap Ithel. were appointed collectors of a subsidy of twenty marks, granted to the Prince by the Burgesses of Flint." Every other district was likewise called upon to supply its proportion of the subsidy laid upon it by the Crown to meet the exigencies of the rebellion. Months roll b}', and the fortunes of war ebb and flow ; and there being whispers of defection in the royal counsels, and of treason elsewhere, we find amongst the rolls as follows : — " 1402, Nov. 6. Writ to the Mayor and Sheriffs of Chester to array for the defence of the city every man whose lands, tenements, or rents should amount to ^^20 yearly, or who should have goods, merchandise, or chattels of the value of 100 marks, and to distrain the lands and goods of the recusants." Allusion has previously been made to the straits our Wrexham friends were put to during this revolt through the failure of the commissariat in that leading article of beer. It does not seem, either, that at that early date the town had acquired any celebrity for brewing, as the inhabitants manifestly depended on Chester for their wholesale supply. The love, however, of the Wrex- 9© HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. hamers for this peculiar condiment is not a matter of doubt to any student of these national records ; no town is so frequently named in connection with the article, or shows itself more nervous lest the suppljf of the favourite liquor should suddenly and absolutely fail. The document now to be given is evidence as to this fact : — " 1402-3, Feb. 3. William de Hawardyn, of Chester, clerk, becomes surety that John Martyn, traunter, Griffith ap Madoc Bobyth, Eign' ap David ap Jevan, Hulkyn ap Madoc de Wryxham, Jollyn ap Madoc ap Jor', Jevan ap Gron' de Wryxham, traunter, and Edden', ap Gresford, sell not the beer carried by them from the city of Chester to the rebels." Before the supply under this bond had been delivered, it was apparently discovered by the authorities that the provisions obtained from Chester did, somehow or other, get surreptitiously shared with the insurgents. The license granted as above to the Wrexham people was therefore " subsequently cancelled, on an Order in Council, forbidding any provisions to- be delivered out of the city of Chester for parts towards Wales."' A closer quarantine was about this time ordered and a com- mission was appointed, "March 13, 1402-3, to appoint night and day w^atches at Trymley, Hav'oitwith, Bryn Ithell, and Hykochesburgge. so that Owen Glyndwyr and his followers, who were lying near to the Lordship of Hopedale, might not make a sudden invasion of that Lordship." It will be seen by the next quotation that these precautions were not taken in sufficient time, or in sufficient force, for within three months the mischief dreaded had been done. Thereupon an exception as to the supply of victuals was made in favour of Hope and Hopedale in the following terms : — " 1403, May 21. Licence by Henry Prince of Wales to John de Trafford, Vicar ofEston, in Hopedale, William and Jevan ap Meredith ap CJruff', Llewelvn ap David ap Madoc, for each to buy weekly at Chester four loads of bread and beer, because the town of Queen Hope ' hostiliter crematur' by the Welsh rebels ; and they of the Lordship who kept watch there for the safety of the countiy could not be provisioned other than from the city of Chester." Pennant has no record, nor has Powell, of the " hostile burn- ing " of Hope Town during this insurrection : in this, therefore, we have another proof of the historic value of these now always accessible Cheshire and Welsh Records. The inhabitants of Flintshire were in serious straits as the rebellion took firmer root, some of them being short of provisions, as shown by the following entry : — " 1403, Aug. 29. Henry Prince of Wales directs his writ to Roger le Potter, Mayor of the City of Chester, for delivery every week, on payment, to the Abbot and Convent of Basingwerk, of l load of bread, 2 loads of beer, and THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. 9 1 I load offish and meat, and to every gentleman, the Prince's liege, of Tegengle and HoPEDALE, who had a house and family, i load of beer." Although summoned by their fealty to attend the Prince in armed force, many Cheshire men were either in sj'mpathy with Owen and the deposed ro3^al line, or didn't relish leaving their snug homes to tr}' conclusions with their Welsh neighbours. Thus in " 1403, J^me 15, a Writ was issued to the Escheator of Cheshire to seize the lands of those who had failed to appear at the Prince's summons to attend him in his journey to the rescue of Hardelagh [Harlech] Castle, then besieged." Just at the same time — the day before, in fact — there was issued a "Commission, by Henry, Prince of Wales, to Howell ap Tudor ap Ithell, David ap Bleth' ap Ithel, Rees Wyn ap David ap Ithel, and Griffith ap Ken' ap Bleth', four well-affected Welsh magnates, to appoint watchers, etc., in the most fitting places in the Conwiote of Colshull against the coming of the Rebels, who were lying in wait in the Marches of the County of Flint." This would probably be the time when Glyndwyr was posted at Moel-y-Gacr, and his chief Howel G\v\'nedd was taken prisoner " by his enemies from the town of Flint," and beheaded. Glyn- dwr's arm}', which, as we have seen, was in force in Hopedale, and not strictly amongst friends, found itself in trouble as to its commissariat. Thereupon sundry incursions and " requisitions " were made across the Dee, the men of Wirral in that day, like the Birmingham gunsmiths of our own, not being averse to turn a nimble penny even at the expense of their dubious loyalty. So in •' 1403, June 26, a Commission went forth to John Huet of Puddington, Thomas Hochekynsone of Burton, and Thomas Atkynsone of the same place, to seize all grain, etc., in the hundred of Wirral sold to the Welsh ; who, the Prince had heard, entered by night and day, by certain fords 'ultra aquam de Dee', and carried thence a great quantity of grain, etc., for the sup- port of the Rebels, contrary to proclamation." Four days later, the following writ was issued : — " 1403, June 30. Writ of Henry, Prince of Wales, to the Bailiff of the Sheriff of Chester, in the Hundred of Wirral, to prohibit the sale of grain or provisions by the men of his bailwick to Welshmen of the County of Flint, or of other parts of Wales ; the Prince having heard that many men of the said Hundred were in the habit of furnishing the 77ien of Flint and of the Lordship of Denbigh, Denfrencluyt, Hawardvn, and Hopedale with provisions, who sold the same to the Welsh rebels. " And now the fever was at its height, for Henry Percy, the proud Hotspur, had forsaken the royal standard and gone over with his forces to the enemy. The King himself, rising to the occasion, in concert with his Privy Council, despatches on the. 2 5th July a "Commission to Prince Henry, to punish, and, if he thought fit, to pardon. 92 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. in the King's name, all rebels of the Counties of Chester and Flint and Lordship of Denby, who were in rebellion in the train of Henry Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland." A month afterwards, his attempts at temporising with the followers of Hotspur having apparently failed, the Prince issues on "Aug. 25, 1403, a Commission to William de Stanley, and John de PuLLE, Knights, John Lytherland, and John del Meoles, as conservators and guardians of the hundred of Wirral, to appoint watches, and make dyches, hedges, and other impediments on the sea-coast of the County of Flint, against the coming of Glyndwr, who was then in the Marches of the County of Chester." Next in order comes the following startling Royal Writ : — " 1403, September 4. The ISIayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen of the City of Chester were empowered and directed by writ to ' expel all Welsh froiri the City, both men and women, the same not to enter the City before sunrise or tarry in it after sunset, ' on pain of decapitation,' nor presume to walk about armed, except with a knife to cut their dinner, nor to use any tavern or to hold meetings in the same, nor any three of the said Welsh to meet together within the walls on pain of being sent to prison as rebels ; and should any strangers, Welshmen, viz., from the County of Flint, or other parts of Wales, come to the said City, the same to leave their arms, etc., outside the gate by which they entered." From the following entry it appears that although the Constable of Flint Castle sided with the Government in power, his deputy, John de Helegh, joined Hotspur, doubtless remembering the favours bestowed upon him and his father by Richard II. and the Black Prince, and bearing no goodwill towards the Usurper. " 1403, November 5. Grant to Sir Nicholas Hawberk, for life, by Henry, Prince of Wales, of all the lands which were of John de Helegh of the County of Flint, which lands were in the Prince's hands by reason of the said John having joined in the rebellion of Henry Percy." However, on the 4th of March following, Henry, Prince of Wales, granted a pardon to him. He also granted a pardon to the inhabitants of Cheshire. " 1403, November 3. General pardon to the people of the County of Chester who took part in the insurrection of Henry Percy, on payment by the said people of a fine of 3,000 marks." And the same day, "The like pardon to the Mayor and Commonalty of the City of Chester on the payment of a fine of 300 mirks, or on their finding shipping and provi- sions for the transport of the men going in the King's retinue to the rescue of Beaumaris Castle." The citizens chose the latter alternative, and there occurs upon the rolls a " Memorandum of the appearance of Robert Castell before Roger Brescy, Vice-Chamberlain of Cheshire, to testify to the fulfilment by the THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. 93 said Mayor and Commonalty of the conditions contained in their Charter of Pardon, touching the rescue of the Castle of Beaumaris ; and of the delivery of the said Charter to Ralph de Hatton, the Mayor, and John de Arwe and John del Hall, Sheriffs, and John de Ewlowe, citizen of Chester." The game of hide-and-seek between Glyndwr and Prince Henry went languidly on, the latter's " masterly inactivity " gradually starving his enemy into submission. "February 17, 1406. John de Hawarden, armiger, is commissioned by the Prince to seize all provisions going to Wales for the support of the rebels." And now we see the beginning of the end. The brave but starved-out Welshmen one by one lose heart in their cause ; and numerous instances occur in the records of their more promi- nent men giving in their submission to the conqueror. A few instances will suffice for our purpose : — " 1407, Sept. 12. Protection granted to Howel ap Tud', by Henry Prince of Wales, on his coming from Flint to Chester, with one servant and two horses, to speak with the Council of the Prince." Three months afterwards, having meanwhile made full submis- sion, on " Dec. 3, 1407, Howel ap Tud' does fealty, and gives sureties for his appearing at the next Session at Flint to receive judgment for his rebel- lion, etc. ' The same day, Grono ap Res ap Ithell goes through the same humiliating ceremony. Five days later, the back of the rebellion having been now broken, the olive branch appears in the following : — "Commission from Prince Henry to the Lord Gilbert Talbot, Justice of North Wales, Thomas Barneby, Chamberlain, Nicholas Rygley, Roger Bolton, Steward and Receiver of Denbigh, and Jankyn Hokes, Deputy Constable of Flint Castle, to administer pardon to all rebels in Denbigh, Dyffrencluyt, and the County of Flint, who should be desirous to receive grace for their rebellion." But later, viz., on the 30th November 1413, a general pardon was granted by the King to the Commonalty of the County ot Flint on payment of a fine of 500 marks. In the meantime we find from the following record, that Sir Roger le Leche, a younger son of the family of that name who then held Chatsworth (the present Duke of Devonshire's seat) and a scion of the house of Carden, was appointed Constable, Sheriff' and Raglor, instead of Nicholas Hauberk : — " 1407, October 17. Appointment of Roger le Leche, Kt., Steward of the Household of Henry, Prince of Wales, as Constable of the Castle of Flint, and Sheriff and Raglor of the County vice Nicholas Hauberk." Sir Roger le Leche was one of the royal commissioners appointed Receivers of Combermcre Abbey, and he is described as Constable of Flint Castle in the warrant. 94 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. The following entries not only disclose who was the deputy of Sir Roger Leche, but also show that, although the back of the rebellion might have been broken, yet Prince Henry did not despise his brave enemy, Glyndwr, and showed his discretion in being prepared for any emergency :— " 1407. Commission of John del Hokes, Deputy Constable of the Castle of Flint, by Henry, Prince of Wales, to provision Flint Castle. " 1407, December 23. John Hokes, Stib- Constable of the Castle of Flint, John Squyer, William de Foxlowe, Richard Heysant, Henry Fychet, Benedict le'Fourbour, William del More, and Gilbert de Birchore, ' garnistores ' ' in the Castle of Flint, to Henry, Prince of Wales, recognizance." Pennant says, as before stated, that " Howell Gwynedd's forfeited estates were bestowed by Henry IV. on one Bryan Saxton, who granted them to Sir John Stanley, Groom of the Bedchamber, and they afterwards became the property of a younger branch of the Stanleys, and remained in their possession in the 17th century." Howell Gwynedd may have had other estates in this neighbourhood, but from the following entries, on the Chester Rolls, it would appear that the property which Howell held at Coed-y-Cra, and at Llys-y-coed, both of which are situate near to Bryn Edwin, and just outside the Borough boundary, originally belonged to David ap Blethen ap Ithell, who perhaps was the grandson of Ithell ap Blythen, who is mentioned in the Black Prince Charter, and also in connection with Ewloe Castle, and is described as of Wepre, and a coal tenant at Ewloe and Buckley. David, it appears, was killed at the battle of Shrews- bury; he, like John de Helegh, evidently joined Hotspur, and forfeited his estates, as well as his life, by so doing. Before, however, the Prince could seize the land, Howell Gwynedd, posted as he was on Mocl-y-Gaer, took possession ; but after he was beheaded, the estates a second time escheated to the Palatinate, who granted them not to Bryan, but to Nicholas Saxton. There is a wood near to the road which leads to Coed-y-Cra, and also in the direction o{ Llys-y-Coed, opposite to Bryn-y-Cwn, which is still called Coed Stanley. As will be hereafter shown, the branch of the Stanleys to which Pennant refers lived in, and became an influential family at, Flint for many years. •' 1409. Writ of Henry, Prince of Wales, to John de Conway, escheator of the county of Flint, for livery to Nicholas Saxton, armiger, of all the lands and tenements which were of David ap Bleth' ap Ith', in the counties of Flint and Carnarvon, and of Meurich ap Gruff' ap Tudour in Dynorwyk, Carnarvon, together with the reversion of one messuage and 28 acres of land in Llyscoed, in the county of Flint, on the death of Matilda, late wife of Blethyn Vaghan ; all which lands, etc., to the value of 24 marks yearly, the Prince had granted in perpetuity to the said Nicholas, and his heirs male of ' A garnistore was a provider, or furnisher. THE REBELLION OF OWEN GLYNDWR. 95 English parentage, for the rents and customs due for the same before the rebellion, and on condition that the said Nicholas and his heirs dwelt in their proper persons on the said lands, and made no alienation of the same to anyone purely Welsh, upon pain of forfeiture ; the said Nicholas to answer for all yearly value of the said lands beyond the said 24 marks. " 1408, July I. Commission to John Hokes, undersheriff, and John de Conway, escheator of the county of Flint, by Henry, Prince of Wales, to enquire of facts set forth in a petition of Ken' ap Eign', and Jevan Coke, and Katherine his wife, of the county of Flint, co-heirs of the said Eign', as they assert, showing that one David ap Blethyn ap Ithell' Walsman was killed in rebellion at the battle of Shrewsbury, which said David had deforced the said Ken', Jevan, and Katherine from 3 messuages, 70 acres of land, in the towns of Coidcra, Bakele, and Garvathlogh, in the county of Flint, which messuages and land were seized into the Prince's hands on account of the rebellion of the said David, and remained so until one Howell Gwyneth Walssheman, son of the said David, entered on the possession of the Prince which same Howell died in rebellion, after whose death the said land and tenements remained in the Prince's hands, and praying livery of the said lands and tenements." There is just one more of these entries relating to Flint that must be referred to, although the reader may perhaps think they are dry, and have had enough of them. John de Helegh appears not only to have been pardoned, but also restored to his offices, by Prince Henry, as we find on " 1409, April 27, a Commission to John de Helegh and Richard Byllynge by Henry, Prince of Wales, to deliver the gaol of the Castle of Flint of Deykns ap Jevan ap Howell and Gruff' ap David Vaghan imprisoned for rebellion." One of the unhappy results of the unequal struggle is plainly seen in the following : — " Grant, Oct. 16, 1409. to Robert Lancaster, Abbot of the Monastery of Valle Crucis, and Bishop elect of St. Asaph, of the custody of the temporalities of the Bishopric (collation to Benefices excepted) in aid of the repair of the Cathedral of St. Asaph, wholly burnt and destroyed by the Welsh rebels." Owen Glyndwr, personally unsubdued, remained in his moun- tain fastnesses inaccessible, until his death in the sixty-first year of his age, when a treaty was effected on the 24th of February, 1416, with Meredydd ap Owen, his son, and peace was restored after an indecisive struggle of more than fifteen years. ' Query, Vfos this the David ap Blethyn Vychan of Oakenholt mentioned a page 84? CHAPTER VI. FROM THE DEATH OF OWEN GLYNDWR TO THE ACCESSION OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR. There is no epoch of history in which there is less chronicled respecting Flint, or in fact Wales generally, than during the period that ensued between the date of Owen Glyndwr's rebellion and the time of Henry Tudor. The Welsh took little or no interest in the Wars of the Roses : mindful, perhaps, of the late brave but untoward struggles of Owen Glyndwr, they rather rejoiced that the English were now at war amongst themselves. Three-quarters of a century passed into the gulf of time, and Wales had her reward, — she conquered her conquerors. From the loins of Owen Tudor, of a royal tribe, came a line of sovereigns who, for a hundred years and more, wielded the British sceptre. Within that period, however, great deeds were done. At the battle of Agincourt Wales was well represented : to Sir David Gam and his Welsh companions Henry of Monmouth, now Henry V., owed his life on that bloody field. The heraldic devices of the W^elsh counties on their respective banners are described in a poem entitled " The Battle of Agin- court," cited by Dr. Malkin. The following is the description of . the Flintshire banner : — " Flintshire, a workmaid in her summer weed, With sheaf and sickle." The following entries are from the Welsh Records on the Chester Rolls before referred to : — " 1413-14, Jan. 8. Leave to John Hokes, by the King, of the pleas and perquisites of the Court of the town of Flint, together with the tolls of fairs and markets, for 6 years, at 46^. 8^/. yearly, on the mainprise of John and Robert Hope, of Chester." " 1413-14, Jan. 26. Protection to David Hokes, of Flint, on his going ACCESSION OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR. 97 on the King's service in the retinue of John William, Master of the King's ship called ' La Rodecogg of Chester, ' into foreign parts. ' " 1416-17, Feb. 4. Grant to Thomas Rempston, Knt., of the office of Constable of the Castle of Flint, and of sheriff and raglor of the County there, for life, in the room of Rogkr Leche, deceased. "Writ to John de Helegh, deputy of Roger Leche, Knt., late sheriff, for the livery of the offices, etc., to the said Thomas. " 1417, July 23. Appointmentof Richard deSALBURY and William .... as collectors of a subsidy in the town of Flint. " 1418, July 24. Appointment of W^illiam Passant and William Fox- lowe as collectors of a subsidy in the town of Flint. " 1419. Appointment of Gilbert de Salesbury and John de Foxlowe as collectors of a subsidy in the town of Flint." From the above it appears that the chief interest the Govern- ment had in Flint was to draw as much money as they could from it, — perhaps to assist the King in carrying on his war in France. Soon after the death of Henry V., viz., on the 20th October, 1423, "The Castle and Town of Flint, the Commote of Flint beyond 103s. \d., the office of Sheriff there beyond ^21, and the fee of the Sheriff," were included in an assignment in dower to his widow the Queen Dowager, Katherine of France. In 1428 she married an accompHshed and handsome Welsh gentleman, Owen Tudor, of Pen Mynydd, Anglesey (now the property of Sir Richard L. M. W. Bulkeley), and from this marriage sprang the Royal House of Tudor. Queen Katherine died in 1437, but during her life she appears to have exercised all her privileges by virtue of her dower assign- ment, — at any rate with respect to Flint, as will be seen from the following entries on the Chester Rolls : — " 1431, July 19. Appointment of Richard de Bolde as Justice of Flint {hac vice) for one session to be held at Flint. " 1431-2, March 18. Appointment, by Queen Katherine, of William Chauntrell as Chief Justice of Flint, during pleasure. " 1432. April 6. Appointment of John Bkon and Peter Walker as collectors of a subsidy in Flint. " 1433, April 16. Appointment by Queen Katherine of WiLLiAM Skynner and Gilbert del Wode as collectors of a subsidy in Flint. "1434, Nov. 17. Lease to John de Helegh, Gilbert de Salisbury, William Skynner, Gilbert del Wodde, John del Wode del Flynt, and John Rychemond, and the Commonalty of the town of Flint, of the said town for 10 years, at 46^-. Sc/. " 1435, April 14. Appointment by Queen Katherine of John Taillor and William Smyth as collectors of a subsidy in Flint. " 1436, April 13. Appointment by Queen Katherine of Gilbert de Sal- bury and Richard Perkyn as collectors of a subsidy in Flint." The Queen having died, we find on the 14th July, 1437, — "Grant of a Lease of the town of Flint, together with the Mill of Addy- ' Possibly the "foreign parts" meant France. 98 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. cross, to John Hokes, John de Helegh, Gilbert de Salbury, Thomas de Werburton, John del Wode, and William Skynner, of Flint, and the whole Commonalty of the Town, for 6 years, from the death of Queen Katherine, — the Town at 46^-. Sd. yearly, and the Mill at 26s. Sd. yearly." A short time previously John de Helegh had been appointed Steward of the town of Flint during pleasure. It will be noticed that all the lessees are described as of Flint. The surnames Hokes, Helegh, and Salusbury have been before referred to in connection with Flint : those of Salusbury, Stanley, Del Wode, Venables, Browne, Rogers, Spicer, etc., are frequently met with in the early parish registers. The following entries alone on the Chester Rolls give any information respecting Flint at this period. They relate chiefly to the collection of subsidies and the farming of tolls and fees. However, they furnish us with the names of the persons ap- pointed, who doubtless were people of position in the Town and neighbourhood at the time. " 1438, June 6. Appointment of William Skynner and Gilbert de Salbury as collectors of a subsidy in Flint. "1438-9. Jan. 15. Appointment of John Hokes as steward of Flint during pleasure." Appointments of collectors of subsidies in the Town of Flint :— " 1439, June 6. Peter Walker and John del Wode. " 1440, June 21. Richard Broun and Richard Mason. " 1441, June 21. Richard Mason and Richard Broun. " 1442, June 24. John Glover and Wilcok Smyth. " 1443, June 28. Gilbei't del Wode and John Werburton. " 1444, June 12. John del Wode, of Flynt, and LI' ap Ith'." On the 28th October, 1441, John Broun is described as " bailiff of the Town of Flint," in a recognizance entered into by him and Peter Walker, to Jevan ap Jollyn, for ;;^io 12s. ^d. John Glegge was appointed "Janitor" of the Castle of Flint for life, with ^d. a day wages, on the i6th February, 1445-6. The following important entry speaks for itself: — " 1447, August 26. Pardon to Richard Whitley, 'late' fanner of Ewlowe, Robert More and Nicholas More, farmers of the same town ; Richard Mason and Richard Broun, 'late ' bailiffs of Flint ; John Glover and William Smyth, bailiffs of the same town ; John Hokes and Robert Bridlynton, ' late ' bailiffs of the same town ; John Dedwode and LI' ap Ith'. ' late ' bailiffs of the same town ; John Skynner, ' late ' bailiff of the same town ; Thomas Gierke and Thomas Broun, ' late ' bailiffs of the same town ; Jolla ap Jevan ap Jollyn, ' late ' farmer of Cayras ; William Roden. collector of the old escheats of Englefield ; Thomas Pulford, ' late ' collector of the same ; Thomas Coneway and William .Stokes, ' late ' bailiffs of Rotheland ; Jevan Vaghan ap Jevan ap Atha, late farmer of Moston ; Thomas Pulford, 'late' escheator of the County of Flint, and Edward ap Grono, his deputy, of the arrearages of their account, in consideration of a subsidy of 1300 marks, that the tenants and ACCESSION OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR. 99 inhabitants of the County of Flint had paid to the king on the death of his mother." On the I2th of October, 1447, there was granted a Lease to the Commonalty of the Town of Flint of the Pleas and Perquisites of the Court there, and the tolls of fairs and markets, etc., for twelve years, at 46s. Sd. yearly, and appointing Gilbert de Salesbury steward of the said Court. The following are appointed collectors of subsidies in the Town of Flint :— " 1449, June 16. Gilbert del Wode and Gilbert Salesbur)'. " 145 1, May 13. John Glover and Richard Mason. " 1452, May 24. John Broun and John ap Ith' ap Mad". " 1453, June 2. Thomas ap Atkyn and John Wode. '• 1454, June 2. WilHam del Wode and LI' ap Joh'. " 1458-9, March 16. John Werberton and Gilbert Wode. " I459> June 20. William del Wodde and Edmund Foxlowe." On the 20th December, 1452, John Glegge was appointed for life " Janitor of the Castle of Flint, on the surrender by him of a former grant of the same office, found to be invalid because it did not mention that he might fulfil the office by a deputy ; although he had done so from the date of the grant, at his own expense, he being unable to attend to the office, having been appointed to attend upon the safe custody of Elk.anor Cobham." The following two entries relate to important appointments to Flint : — " 1458, July 6. Appointment of John Dawne as Co7tstablc of Flint Castle, and Sheriff and Raglor of the County there, ' comitatus nostri ibidem.' "1461, May I. Appointment of William Stanley, armiger, for life as Chamberlain of the County of Chester, and Constable of the Castle of Flint. and Sheriff and Raglor of the County." We identify " John Dawne " as Sir John Done, of Utkinton, in Cheshire, who was killed at the battle of Blore Heath on the 22nd September, 1459. At his death the Constableship appears to have been held by his brother-in-law. Sir Thomas Manley, of Manley, near Frodsham, whose sister Helena married Ralph Grosvenor, of Eaton. Sir Thomas must have been in office on the 9th of August, 1460, when letters were written to the Constables of Beaumaris, Conway, Flint, Hawarden, Holt, and Ruthin, commanding them to provide for the security of those fortresses. The successor to Sir Thomas Manley was " William Stanley, armiger," afterwards knighted, who held office for thirty-four years. He is the Sir William Stanley who fought for Henry VII. and placed the crown upon his head at Bosworth field. There were two Sir William Stanleys at this time, one of Hooton and the other of Holt. Ormerod, in his History of Cheshire, puts the one referred to in the extract as of Hooton, lOO HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. but Mr. Helsby, in his new edition of Ormerod, in a foot-note mentions him as of Holt. Moreover, on reference to the renewal grant as Constable, in 1489, it will be seen that the name of the "son and heir apparent" was Williain. Now, Sir William of HooTON had no son of that name. In addition to this, the appointment of Sir William Stanley's successor as Constable of Flint Castle, was made in the same year that the celebrated Sir William Stanley was beheaded for aiding Perkin Warbeck. This argument is further corroborated by the following entry from the Chester Rolls, which also gives an insight into the state of the county at that time : — " 1462-3, Jan. r5. Appointment of William Stai^".ey, Chamberlain of Chester, Peter de Legh, William de Stanley, of Hooton, anniger, Richard Carlele, and Randal Bolde, to inquire into the alleged poverty of the inhabitants of the County of P'LINT, and their inability to pay the debts due from them to the King, on account of the continued riot and rebellion pre- vailing there, and in the adjacent parts ; and to receive from the said inhabit- ants such a grant, fine or subsidy, in lieu of the debts so due to them, as the said alleged poverty of the inhabitants would permit them to grant. "Jan. 24. Afterwards, a grant of 4,000 marks was made to the King, to be collected in six years." On the 1 6th of June, 1461, John Werberton was appointed " Steward of the Town of Flint during pleasure," and on the nth of November, 1462, "the office of Janitor of the Castle of Flint " was granted to Thomas Hurleton for life. This latter grant was subsequently confirmed, thus : — " 1466-7, Feb. 20. Appointment of Thomas Hurleton, for life, as Janitor of the gate of the Castle of Flint, with 4^. a day wages; a former grant of the same office of the nth November, 2 Edw. IV., being rendered invalid by Act of Parliament of 4th November, 4 Edward IV. •' 1469, July 28. Appointment of Thomas Hurleton to the ofiice of Janitor, and Keeper of the gate of the Castle of Flint for life, on the sur- render by him of a former appointment to the same office of nth November, 2 Edw. IV., annulled by Act of Parliament." The following are further appointments of collectors of sub- sidies in the Town of Flint : — " 1463, June 10. Gilbert del Wode and John Werberton. " 1464, June 18. Thomas Hokes and William Fakenald. " 1465, June 16. Richard Salbury and Edmund Foxlowe. " 1466, June 20. Richard Broune and John del Wode. " 1467, June 12. Richard Broune and Robert Says. " 14'JS, June 14. John Spicer and John Bagh. " 1 469, June 13. Edmund Foxlowe and John Perkyn. " 1470, June 20. Thomas Hokes and John Broune." The following entry refers to Sir Thomas Manley as Constable, of whose appointment to which office there is no record :- — '• 1469-70, Feb. II. Remission to Thomas Manley, Knt., of a debt due by him to the Earl of Chester for ths rent of the herbage, agistment, etc.. of ACCESSION OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR. lOl the forest of Lamare (De-la-Mere), in consideration of the said Thomas not having received £$2 6s. 8d. promised to him by the King's father for surrendering into his hands tlie office of Sheriff of Flint and Constable of the Castle" On the 5th March, 147 1-2, Gilbert del Wode was appointed "Steward of the Town of Flint, during pleasure," and on the 19th October, 1474, a similar appointment was made in favour of Peter Stanley. The following entries refer to the payment of " arrearages " : — " 1472, April 9. Commission to William Stanley, Knt., chamberlain of Chester ; Thomas Salesbury, junior, armiger, undersheriff of the county of Flint ; Peter de Stanley, armiger ; Thomas Godefelowe, and John Mascy, to treat with the tenants and inhabitants of the county of Flint, touching the amount of a subsidy or iine to be paid by them, the said tenants, for remission of debts or arrearages, due by them, of the profits of the said county ; and also of a certain subsidy of i ,000 marks granted by the commonalty on the loth June, 7 Edw. IV., which arrearages the said inhabitants were unable to pay, owing to the poverty induced by the depredations of the rebels under Jasper, Earl of Pembroke." " 1472, Ap. 9. The commonalty grant a subsidy of 600 marks. This sum of 600 marks was evidently accepted in discharge of all claims, as we find from the following entry : — " 1472, June 4. Pardon to the tenants and inhabitants of the County of Flint, of certain arrearages of the profits and revenues of the said County, due to the King, as Earl of Chester, in consideration of a subsidy of 600 marks granted to him by the commonalty of the County. The following are appointments of collectors of subsidies in Flint Town : — " 1472, June I. Thomas Hokes and Edmund Foxlowe. " 1474, Oct. I. William Leyland and Richard Birchor. " 1475. Oct. 24. JoUyn ap Mad' and John Spicer. " 1476, Oct. 24. Thomas ap Atkyn and David ap Jollyn ap Jevan ap David. " 1477, Nov. I. Walter ap Yeogh and John Bagh'. " 1478, Oct. 19. William del Hey and William Broune. •' 1479, Nov. I. William Werberton and Ralph Aresmyth. " 1480, Nov. I. Matto ap Jevan ap Gruff' and Jankyn ap Richard ap Dio. " 148 1, Nov. I. Nicholas Skynner and Ith' ap dd' ap Jevan ap dd'." On the 20th September, 1481, a lease of "the Town of Cols- hull" was granted to Thomas, Abbot of the Monastery of St. Mary of Basynwerke, for six years, at four marks, 4s., yearly, sureties, Robert del Wodde, and John ap Gruff'. Subsequently Abbot Thomas and Thomas Salesbury took on lease for twenty-eight years "the Manor of Colshull." This Abbot Thomas was Thomas Pennant, referred to by his descendant, Thomas Pennant the antiquary. The Abbot quitted his profession and became (in the legal term) a monk deraigne, and married Anghared, daughter of Guillim ap Gryffydd ap Guillim of the house of Penrhyn, Carnarvonshire, and was the founder of the families of Pennant of Bagillt and of Penrhyn. 102 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. On the 6th March, 148 1-2, Thomas Salesbury, junr., armiger, leased " the Mills of the Town of Flint" at 10 marks yearly; and on the 20th of April following he took on lease the pleas and perquisites of the Town of Flint, together with the tolls of markets and fairs, for four years, at 20s. yearly, and was also appointed Steward of the Town, his sureties being David ap Jollyn and David ap Jevan ap Bleth'. This lease was subsequently renewed for four years from Michaelmas 1485. The "Thomas Salusbury, jun., armiger," mentioned in this and a previous extract, we take it was the son of Sir Thomas and Lad}'' Janet Salusbury, of Lleweni, who married Margaret, daughter of John Hookes of Leadbrook, and through her acquired that estate and became the founder of the "Leadbrook Salusburys." We have little doubt that the name "Hookes" is synonymous with that of "Hokes" found in the earlier extracts from the Chester Rolls. In a writ of distress for Crown debts dated February 5th, 1482, one John Lewys, deceased, is described as " late" one of the bailiffs of the Town of Flint. "The men of Flintshire" took a prominent part on the side of Richmond at Bosworth Field. There was Richard ap Howell, the ancestor of the Mostyns, with his 1,600 miners and colliers well equipped for battle. The Salusburys, too, were there, the staunch friends of Sir Rice ap Thomas, by reason of which they were called Snisbriaid y Brain (friends of " the Raven"), alluding to the armorial bearings of Rice ap Thomas' house. " Next after God and the King that day, Rice and his ravens did bear the sway." Hugh Conway (who was sent over to Henry in Brittany to convey to him the intelligence of the intended movement in his favour) was present with his followers : and, for aught we know to the contrary, Sir William Stanley may have led the garrison of Flint Castle thither with many a stalwart burgess of the good old town. Henry did not forget his friends. He had spent a considerable time at Mostyn Hall, and on one occasion narrowly escaped being taken prisoner there by the Yorkists, but evaded them by jumping out of a window. To Richard ap Howell he gave the belt and sword he had that day worn, and pressed him to attach himself to his court ; but Richard replied, " I dwell among my own people." In subsequent years Henry is reported to have stayed at MosTYN, and also at Hawarden Castle, one of the seats of his stepfather the Earl of Derby, — it is said, with the object of sooth- ing that nobleman for the execution of his brother, Sir William Stanley. ACCESSION OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR. I03 It appears that, a few years after Henry VII. had been esta- blished on the throne, and before Sir William Stanley's implica- tion in the Warbeck conspiracy, he confirmed, or rather renewed, the appointment of that warrior as Constable of Flint Castle, and extended it to his son William, thus : — "1489, Nov. 19. Grant to William Stanley, Knt., and William Stanley his son and heir-apparent, for life in survivorship, of the office of Constable of ike Castle c/Flint." The following poem is a satire on the English residing in Flint, translated from the Welsh of Lewis Glvn Cot/ii, a bard and genea- logist who flourished in the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII., — indeed, much of the success of the latter was owing to the inspiring influence of his songs. " The Saxons of Flint.^ " A man, like others, formed by God, On Sunday morning last I trod The streets of Flint ; an ill-built maze — I wish the whole were in a blaze ! An English marriage-feast was there, Which, like all English feasts, was spare. Nought there revealed our mountain land, The generous heart — the liberal hand — No hirlas there was passed around With richly foaming mead high crowned. The reason why I thither came Was something for my art to claim — An art that oft from prince and lord Had won its just, its due reward, With lips inspired I then began To sing an ode to this mean clan : Rudely they mocked my song and me, And loathed my oft-praised minstrelsy. Alas ! that through my cherished art Boors should distress and wound my heart. Fool that I was ! to think the muse Could charm corn-dealers — knavish Jews : My polished ode forsooth they hissed, And I midst laughter was dismissed. For William Beisir's bag they bawl, * Largess for him ! ' they loudly squall ; Each roared with throat at widest stretch For Will the piper — low-born wretch ! Will forward steps, as best he can, Unlike a free, ennobled man ; A pliant bag 'tween arm and chest, While limping on, he tightly prest. He stares — he strives the bag to sound ; ' See ArcJuvologia Cambrensis, vol. i., p. 153. 104 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. He swells his maw — and ogles round ; He twists and turns himself about — With fetid breath his cheeks swell out. What savage boors ! his hideous claws And glutton's skin win their applause ! With shuffling hand, and clumsy mien, To doff his cloak he next is seen ; He snorted ; bridled in his face, And bent it down with much grimace. Like to a kite he seemed that day, A kite, when feathering of his prey ! The churl did blow a grating shriek, The bag did swell and harshly squeak, As does a goose from nightmare crying. Or dog, crushed by a chest when dying ; This whistling-box's changeless note Is forced from turgid veins and throat ; Its sound is like a crane's harsh moan, Or like a gosling's latest groan ; Just such a noise a wounded goat Sends from her hoarse and gurgling throat. His unattractive screeching lay Being ended, Wilham sought for pay : Some/ecs he had from this mean band, But largess from no generous hand ; Some pence were offered by a few, Others gave little halfpence too. Unheeded by this shabby band I left their feast with empty hand. A dire mischance I wish indeed On slavish Flint and its mean breed ! Oh ! may its furnace be the place Which they and piper Will may grace ! For their ill luck my prayer be told, My curses on them — young and old ! If once again I venture there. May death a second visit spare." It is justly remarked by the editors of Lewis Glyn Cothi that Flint, even in the bard's time, was famous for its furnaces. It is needless to say that we of Flint do not participate in the senti- ments so unequivocally expressed in this poem. It is inserted here as an exemplification of the jealousy with which the Welsh and English mutually regarded each other about the commence- ment of the Tudor dynasty, — a feeling which happily has long since died out, Flint being so near to the English border, and a corporate town with a Norman castle, its inhabitants, as previously stated, were almost exclusively English. Again to refer to the Chester Rolls, it appears that on "January 26, 1489-90, a Commission (was granted) to John Hawardyn, Thomas Salesbury, and William Tatton to enter, in the Earl's (Earl of Chester) name, all the honors, castles, etc. , in the lordship of Flint, and to ACCESSION OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR. I05 survey and approve the same ; and to hear and keep the appearance or attend- ance of all the tenants, etc., and to receive the attornment of the same." Thomas Salesbury, above-named, was, on the 20th of December following, appointed " Steward of the Town of Flint." On the 13th of November, 1500, a lease was granted to " Ralph Foxlowe of the pleas and perquisites of the Court of the Town of Flint ; together with the tolls of markets and fairs for 10 years from Michaelmas (then) last, at 21s. yearly and 2s. /^d. yearly of increase." Then there are the following appointments of collectors of subsidies in the Town of Flint, viz. : — •' 1487, Sepr. 13. Thomas Bottyn and Matto ap Jevan ap Geffray. '■' 1488, Sepr. 4. Gibon Salesbury and Da\'id ap Ith' ap dd'. " 1489, Sepr. 14. Nicholas Taillor and Jankys ap Ykebon. " 1490, Sepr. 20. Thomas Perkyn and David ap Jollyn ap Jevan ap dd'. " 1491, Sepr. 20. Reginald Woddeand John ap Gibon. " 1502, July 12. Roger Salesbury and Peter Stanley, armigeri. '' 1503, June 12. Gilbert Salesbury and William Werberton. " 1504, June 12. P'kyn and Reginald Wodde. •' 1506, June 12. Henry Matto and Thomas Wight. " 1508, June 12. Roger ap dd' ap — and Robert Knolles." On the loth of April, 1495, Sir Sampson Norton, Knt., was appointed, during pleasure, Constable of the Castle of Flint, with ;^30 3^early as his fee. Also, on the 29th of January 1497-8, John Antiknap, " Yeoman of the Earl's Chamber," was appointed "Janitor of the gate of the Castle of Flint," during pleasure. Who these gentlemen were we have been unable to ascertain. One more of these entries, and we have done. " 1501-2. Feb. 24. County of Flint. Commission of William, Bishop of Lincoln, president of the Earl's Council, Master Robert Frost, chancellor, Richard Pole, Knt., chamberlain, Thomas Englefield, vice-justice of Chester, Thomas, Abbot of Basynwerk, and Thomas Maynwaring, to survey all the Earl's manors, honors, hereditaments, etc., and to approve the same, and to survey all forests in the said county, and to correct all abuses in the government of the same ; also to conclude with the magnates, knights, peers, and other free tenants touching the subsidy usually given to the Earl on his coming into his inheritance." '-J^'~ CHAPTER VII. ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH JUDICA TURE IN THE PRIN- CIPALITY. — WALES FOR THE FIRST TIME RETURNS MEMBERS TO PARLIAMENT. — SEVERANCE OF FLINT- SHIRE FROM THE PALATINATE OF CHESTER,— LISTS OF THE KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE AND OF THE BURGESSES RETURNED TO PARLIAMENT. — THE REFORMATION- EXTRACTS FROM THE PARISH REGISTERS. The following are the only entries on the Palatinate Rolls relating to Flint during the reign of Henry VIII. Peter ap Richard ap Hoell, named in the entry of 1539, was the son of Richard ap Howell before mentioned and Catherine (Salusbury) his wife. Peter (or Pyers) was the founder of the family of Mostyn of Talacre. " Thomas Salusbury of Flint, gentleman," named in the same entry, was the son of Thojias and Margaret Salus- bury, ofLEADBROOK : he married Jane, daughter of Robert Massie, of CoDDiNGTON, in Cheshire. Edward Stanley, also referred to in the same entry, was the first Flint Borough member of whom we have any record : he and Peter Stanley both belonged to that branch of their family that was settled at Flint. "1512. April 16. Appointment, for life, in survivorship, of John Ante- knap and Hugh Cholmondeley, to the office of Janitor and Keeper of the port of the Castle of Flint, on the surrender by the said John of a grant of the same office. — ist Sept. 16 Hen. VH. "15 15, July I. Appointment, for hfe, of John Anteknap as Janitor of Flint Castle. " 1 5 16, May 24. Grant, during good behaviour, of the office of Constable of Flint Castle to Sampson Norton, Knt., and John Norton his kinsman, with ;i^20 yearly fees. " 1516, Dec. I. Appointment of John Grymesdiche as Janitor of Flint Castle, for life, vice John Anteknap, deceased. " 1517, April 6. Grant, during good behaviour, to John Norton, gentle- man, of the office of Constable of Flint Castle, with ;£'20 yearly wages. " 1511, Dec. 8. Lease of the pleas and perquisites of the Court of the Town of Flint, to Peter Stanley, junior, for 21 years, at 23^-. 4^/. yearly; sureties, Thomas Venables, armiger, and James Conwey. ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH JUDICATURE. I07 " 1512, November 27. Lease of the mills of Flint to Henry Perkyn, for 12 years, at 4 marks yearly; sureties, Peter Stanley, jun., aforesaid, and Henry Conwey. " 1517, June 12. Appointment of Peter ap Atkyn and Hugh Walker as collectors of a subsidy in the Town of Flint. " 1519, June 12. Appointment of Hugh Werberton and Elys ap Tona as collectors of a subsidy in the Town of Flint. " 1520. Appointment of JOHN ap Atkyn and Danald Fargus as collec- tors of a subsidy in the Town of Flint. " 1521, June 14. Writ of livery, setting forth the finding of an inquisition, viz., that Peter Stanley, senior, armiger, held not on the day he died any lands, etc., in the County of Flint, because one Margery, late wife of Peter Stanley, and mother of the aforesaid Peter Stanley, whose heir he is, was seized of etc., etc. ; that the said Peter died the last day of April 'last' past, and that Peter Stanley was his son and heir, and of the age of forty-six. "1539, August II. Charter of JOHN Batkyn, otherwise ap Atkyn, burgess of the town of Flint, granting to Peter ap Richard ap Hoell, one burgage or messuage in the town of Flint ; also one acre of land lying in a place called "the Red Hill," in the said town, in width between the lands of the heir of Gilbert Salesbury, on each side, and in length between the land of Thomas Salesbury of Flint, gentleman, at one end, and the land of Edward Stanley, gentleman, at the other ; also half an acre of land in the " Crabtre furlong," in width between the land of Thomas Salesbury on one side, and that of Gilbert Salesbury on the other, and in length between the land of the said Edward Stanley at one end and the way which leads from the town of Flint towards the Hall of the Wod at the other, within the franchise and county aforesaid." The following is in the possession of Mr. P. B. Davies-Cooke, of Gwysaney : — "28th Henry VHI. Lease for forty years (from King Henry to Peter Stanley, Esq., one of the gentlemen ushers of the King's Chamber) of the Manor of Ewlowe, co. Flint ; together with all the profits and issues of the court there, and of the mines of sea-coal, and of the King's Mill at Flynt ; and all the perquisites of the court of the town of Flynt. together with the tolls of the markets and fairs held there, etc., etc.. etc., at a yearly rent of;^20 lOf., and for the said mill iiij marks, and for the profits of the said court of Flynt, etc., etc., XXI I ij. iiija'." On the 17th May, 17 Elizabeth (1575) we find, from a copy of the lease kindly given us by the late Lord Hanmer, a similar ^rant of the Courts and Fair Tolls of Flint " now or late granted and demised to one Peter Stanley, Esquire," was made by Queen Elizabeth " to our beloved servant Launcelot Bostock, one of •our Gentlemen Pensioners," for the term of twenty-one years at the same rent of twenty-three shillings and fourpence. Henry did not forget the just claims his kinsmen in the Prin- cipality had upon him ; for to him belongs the distinguished honour of uniting England and Wales in the bonds of equal rights and equal justice. Though the policy of Edward I. had allowed the Welsh nation to enjoy their liberties, and to hold their estates by their ancient tenures, they had for a long period much reason to complain of the excessive rigour which had been exercised over I08 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT, them by the officers of justice, and the rapacity of the English barons who had settled in Wales. The powers of the Lord Marchers were still in their full force ; and were exercised with such severity upon the Welsh, as to render an Act of Parliament necessary. The statute is to the following effect : — " Whereas many robberies, murders, and other evil practices have been daily committed in the County Palatine of Chester and Flint, in Wales ; and also in Anglesey, Caernarvon, Merionydd, Cardigan, Caemiarthen, Pembroke, and Glainorgan, because justice is not administered there in such form as in other places in this realm : for the remedy of this, it is enacted that the Lord Chancellor of England, or Keeper of the Great Seal, shall nominate and appoint Justices of the Peace, Justices of the Quorum, and Justices of the Gaol Delivery in the said Counties, and that they shall have the like power and authority as those in England. " It will be seen .that Denbigh, Montgomery, Brecknock, and Radnor, are not mentioned in the above. The districts which they now include had not then been formed into counties. This statute in some measure lessened the evils complained of, as it was the means of keeping the offenders in awe ; they not being able, as before, to escape, and flee from one Lordship Marcher to another. It also placed the administration of justice on a stable foundation. This statute, and another restraining the power of the Lord Marchers as to their Forest Laws, were some years after succeeded by another Act of Parliament, which rendered these Lo'rds no longer objects of terror, and entirely destroyed their judicial authority. Although these humane and salutary statutes relieved the Welsh from many of their sufferings, yet the line of distinction was still preserved, and they remained a separate people ; a distinction which could only serve to keep alive their national prejudices. But the Welsh themselves petitioned Henry that he would extend his liberal intentions and give them a more extensive effect. A copy of this petition will be found in Parry's Royal Visits and Progresses to Wales, p. 305. Upon this petition, the Statute 27 Henry VIII., chapter 26, was enacted, which provides that — " I. The dominion of Wales shall be for ever united with the Kingdom of England. " II. That all Welsh-born shall have the same liberties as other the King's subjects. " III. That land in Wales shall be inheritable according to the English tenures and rules of descent. " IV. That the laws of England, and no other, shall be used in Wales." The statute of 34 & 35 Henry VIII., chapter 26, confirms the same, and adds further regulations, dividing Wales into twelve ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH JUDICATURE. T09 shires, and provides that one knight shall be chosen and elected to Parliament by every shire; and for every borough being a shire-town, except the shire-town of the County of Merioneth, one burgess. It further enacts that " the Knights' fees be levied and gathered of the commons of the shire that they be elected in; and that the Burgesses' fees be levied and gathered as well of the Boroughs and Shire-Towns as they be Burgesses of, as of all other Ancient Boroughs within the same shire." It also provided that Wales shall have courts within itself, independent of the process of Westminster Hall. These were called the Courts of Great Session, —which, however, were abolished by the Statute i William IV., chapter 70, which Act also provided for the holding of the Assizes. The Judges of the Great Session for the Palatinate of Chester and Flint appear to have been appointed sometimes for both counties, and at Others for one county only ; they held their courts at Flint or Caerwys until the middle of the seven- teenth century, when Flint became the place of judicature for the county. This remained so until within recent times, when the authorities thought fit to hold both the Assizes and Quarter Sessions of the Peace at Mold, and to cause a building called the County Hall to be erected there. This, however, does not deprive Flint of the title to be the "county town," and the Knights of the Shire and Coroners are still elected here, according to ancient custom. It will be observed that the Act of 34 & 35 Henry VIII. ch. 26, specifies that the shire-town alone, being a Borough, was to return the Burgess to Parliament, although the other ancient Boroughs (^i.e. those having royal charters) within the shire were to con- tribute towards the payment of his fees. This was amended- by the 35 Henry VIII., ch. 11, entitled "The Bill for Knights and Burgesses in Wales concerning the payment of their Fees and Wages." The preamble of this Act is very curious and quaint, and runs thus : — " Where the Knights of all and every shire of this Realm of England and Wales, and the Burgesses of all Cities, Towns, and Boroughs of the same, be named, elected, and chosen for their Assembly in the King's High Court of Parliament, as by ancient laudable Laws and Customs of this Realm hath been used and accustomed, at and by the King's Majesty's High Command- ments, unto the which Knights and Burgesses their Fees and Wages be assigned certainly ; that is to say, to every Knight by the Day ivs., and to every citizen and Burgess by the day 11^., or more, as heretofore hath been accustomed, accounting for the same so many Days as the said High Court of Parliament endureth ; with addition thereunto of so many days as every such Knight and Burgess may reasonably journey and resort from their Habitations or Dwelling- places to the said High Court of Parliament, and from the said High Court to return to their Habitations or Dwelling-places, together with their Costs of Writs and other ordinary Fees and charges, etc. " We imagine that our respected Knight of the Shire, Lord no HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Richard Grosvenor, estimates his services as worth more than four shillings a-day, and our worthy Borough Member, Mr. John Roberts, would, we think, set a higher value than two shillings on his day's work ; at the same time, doubtless, both he and our friend Captain Pennant would have made no objection had the ratepayers defrayed " their costs of writ and other ordinary fees and charges " at the last election. Sections I. and II. of this Act provide that the Sheriff shall gather the wages of the Knights from the inhabitants of the county, and the Mayors those of the Burgesses from the inhabitants of the towns ; and Section IV. declares that the unfortunate taxpayers of the borough shall contribute not only to the payment of their own Member, but also to that of the Knight of the Shire. Section III., however, is the part of this Act of Parliament which more immediately concerns us, and gives the explanation for which we are in quest: it provides that forasmuch as the inhabitants of all cities and towns, not finding Burgesses for the Parliament themselves, must bear and pay the Burgesses' wages within the shire-towns; the Burgesses of the Borough which shall be contributory to the payment of Burgesses' wages of the said shire-towns shall have notice to attend the elections, — "/« which elections the Burgesses shall have like voice and atithority to elect, name and choose the Btirgesses of every of the said shire-towns like and i7i such manner as the Burgesses of the said towns have or use." The ancient contributory Boroughs in Flintshire were Rhudd- lan, Caergwrle, Caerwys, and Overton;' and previous to the passing of the Reform Act in 1832 the inhabitants of these boroughs and of the shire-town Flint, paying Scot and Lot, returned the Borough Member. By the last-mentioned Act the Towns of Holywell and Mold and the City of St. Asaph were added to them. The following Lists of Knights of the Shire and of Burgesses returned to Parliament from the earliest period up to the present time are the most complete, we believe, that have ever yet ap- peared, and have been collated from the best known authorities. ' The following Charters to these old Boroughs will be found at the Record OfP.ce :— Rhuddlan. Charter Roll, 12 Edward I., No. 14 (Rothelan) ; i Edward III., No. 9 (Rothelan) ; Patent Roll, 2 Richard II., Part 2, m. 5 (Rothelan). Caergwrle. Chester Recognizance Rolls, 24-25 Edward III., m. 3 (Hope) ; 22-3 Richard II., m. 3 (Hope). Caerwys. Patent Roll 9 Henry IV., Part 2, m. 5 (Cayrus), confirming previous Charters of 18 Edward I., The Black Prince, and 2 Richard II. 0\-krton. Charter Rolls 7 Edward I., No. 23 (Overton market and fair) ; 20 Edward I., No. 55 (Overton Burg). LIST OF KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE. Ill KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE. Date of Return. 6th Feb. i8th Sep. 2nd March I2th Nov. 14th Oct. Jan. 30th Jan. nth Jan. 8th May 2nd Nov. 3rd Oct. 28th Oct. 19th Feb. 19th Sep. 1 2th Oct 27th Feb. Dec. 2nd Feb. 6th Dec. 28th April Feb. Feb. 9th March 19th Oct. 7th Dec. 1 2th July 1 2th July August Jan. April April 1 2th Nov. Regnal Year. 33 Henry VIII I Edward 'VI. 7 I Mary I Mary I & 2 Phil. & Mary 2&3 .» M 4&5 Name. I Charles I. I 3 15 16 ,, 16 „ 22 Commonwealth Convention 1 >> I 12 Charles II. I Elizabeth . 5 14 .. 27 „ 28 „ 30. „ 35 .. 39 „ 43 .. I James 1. 12 „ 18 „ 21 „ 21 „ Thomas Hanmer, Esq. Robert Massye. Sir William Moston, Knt. Sir William Moston, Knt. Robert Massy, Esq. John Convvey, Esq. John Grufifyth, Esq. George Raynscrofte. Esq. William Mosten of Mosten, John Hope, Esq. William Ravenscrofte, Esq. Roger Puleston, Esq. Thomas Hanmer, Esq. William Ravenscrofte, Esq. William Ravenscrofte, Esq. Roger Puleston, Esq. Sir John Hanmer, Bart. Sir John Trevor, jun., Knt., vice Sir John Hanmer, Bart., deceased. Sir John Trevor, jun., Knt.' John Salesbury, Esq. Robert Jones, Esq. John Mostyn, Esq. John Mostyn, Esq." John Trevor, Esq." John Trevor, Esq., vice John Mostyn, Esq., disabled to sit. jjohn Trevor.* I Andrew Ellice. John Glynne, Chief Justice of the Upper Bench. John Trevor, Esq. John Trevor, Esq. Kenric Eyton, Esq. ' In the Crown Office List this name is run through with a pen. " Disabled 5th Feb. 1643, for deserting the service of the House, being in the King's Quarters, and adhering to that party. Writ issued nth Sept. 1646. — Pa?-/. Hist. England, vol. ix., p. 15. ^ In the Crown Office List for 1640 this name is given. * Pari. Hist, of England. A.D. 1760, vol. xix., p. 260. ^ For the Convention Parliament (April 1660) no return can be found. It is probable the writ miscarried. — Pa7-l. Hist. England, vol. xxii., p. 225. 112 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Anno Dom. Date of Return. Regnal Year. 1661 29th April 13 Charles II. 1669 1st Nov. 21 >j 1678 1 8th Nov. 30 )> 1679 loth Feb. 31 )> 1679 22nd Sep. 31 J s 1681 4th March 33 )> 1685 7th April iJ ames II. 1689 15th Jan. Convention . 1690 17th March 2 Will, and Mary 1695 1 8th Nov. 7 William III. . 1698 24th August 10 ) ) 1 701 8th Jan. 12 5> 1 701 loth Dec. 13 J? 1702 22nd July I Anne 1705 23rd May 4 ) » 1708 19th May 7 )> • 1710 1st Nov. 9 >> 1711 26th Dec. 10 >> 1713 30th Sep. 12 >» 1715 1 6th Feb. I George I. 1722 nth April 8 »> 1727 13th Sep. I George II. 1734 15 th May 8 1741 26th May 13 1747 22nd July 21 1754 1st May 27 1758 26th April 31 1761 6th April I George III. 1768 13th April 8 1774 19th Oct. IS 1780 19th Sep. 21 1784 2 1 St April 24 1790 30th June 30 1796 6th June 36 1796 8lh Nov. 37 1799 8th Nov. 40 >> 1802 1 6th July 42 1806 13th Nov. 47 1807 1 8th May 47 1812 14th Oct. 53 1818 25th June 58 1820 1 6th March I G eorgc IV. Name. Sir Henry Conway, Bart. Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., vice Sir Henry Conway, Bart., deceased. Mutton Davies, Esq.. vice Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., deceased. Mutton Davies, Esq, Mutton Davies of Gwrsaney, Esq. Sir John Hanmer, Knt. and Bart. Sir John Conway, Bart., of Potwithan (/le/n. con.). Sir Roger Puleston, Knt. Sir Roger Puleston of Emral, Knt. Sir John Conway, Bart. Sir John Conway, Bart. [uc/n. con.) Sir John Conway, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn. Bart. Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart. Sir John Conway, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sn- Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., re-elected after appointment to an offtce of profit by the Crown. Sir John Conway, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. -Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Esq. Sir John Glynne, of Broad Lane, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., vice Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart., deceased. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Roger Mostyn. of Mostyn, Bart. John Lloyd, of Tyddyn, Esq., vice Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., deceased. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart.. vice John Lloyd, Esq., who ac- cepted the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. LIST OF KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE. "3 Anno Dom. 1826 1830 183I 1832 1835 1837 184I 1847 Date of Return. 20th June 7th August lOth May 17th Dec. 1 2th Jan. Regnal Year. 7 George IV. I William IV. I 3 nth August I Victoria 5th July \ 5 3rd August III ,, 1852 26th July 16 1854 8th May 17 1857 9th April 1859 1861 1868 1872 1874 1880 2nd May 30th May 1865 15th July 21 Nov. 4th March 4th Feb. 1st April 20 „ 22 „ 24 ,, 29 ,, 32 „ 35 " 37 M 43 Name. Sir Thomas Mostyn, of Mostyn, Bart. Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, Esq. The Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn. The Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn. Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart. Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart.' Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, of Mostyn Hall. Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn. Hon. Thomas Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, vice Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, called to the Upper House as Lord Mostyn. Hon. Thomas Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn. Hon. Thomas Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn. Hon. Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, commonly called Lord Richard Grosvenor, vice Hon. Thomas Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, deceased. de Aquila Grosvenor, called Lord Richard Hon. Richard commonly Grosvenor. Hon. Richard commonly Grosvenor, Hon. Richard commonly Grosvenor, de Aquila Grosvenor, called Lord Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, called Lord Richard re-elected after ap- pointment as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household. Hon. Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, commonly called Lord Richard Grosvenor, Vice-Chamberlain. [Right] Hon. Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, commonly called Lord Richard Grosvenor. ' Return amended by Order of the House dated 23rd May, 1842, by erasing the name of the Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, of Mostyn, and substi- tuting that of Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart. 114 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. BURGESSES RETURNED TO PARLIAMENT FOR THE BOROUGH OF FLINT AND ITS CONTRIBUTORIES. Anno Dom. Date of Return. Regnal Year. Name. 1541 13 Henry VIII. . 1 545 37 1547 I Edward VI. . [Edward Stanley (?)] 1553 6th Feb. 7 Edward Stanley, of Flint, Esq. 1553 iStb Sep. I Mary Edward Stanley, Esq. 1554 2nd March I ,, . . Robert Massye, Esq. 1554 12th Nov. l&2PhiI.&Mary Robert Massye, Esq. 1555 14th Oct. 2^5 ,■> Edward Stanley, Esq. 1558 Jan. 4'-^5 »' '1 Petrus Moston, Esq. 1559 30th Jan. I Elizabeth John Hanmer, Esq. 1563 Jan. 5 John Conwey, Esq. 1572 8th May(?) 14 » Humfrey Hanmer, Gent. 1584 2nd Nov. 27 ,, Richard Lloyde. Esq. 1586 3rd Oct. 28 „ Michael Doughtye, Gent. 1588 28th Oct. 30&31 John Edwards, Esq. 1593 19th Feb. 35 )> Thomas Gruffith, Esq. 1597 19th Sep. 39 „ Edward Morgan, jun., Gent. 1601 1 2th Oct. 43 » John Price, Esq. 1604 27th Feb. I James I. Roger Brereton, Esq. 1614 12 1620 ilth Dec. 18 William Ravenscrofte, Esq. 1624 2nd Feb. 21 William Ravenscrofte, Esq. 1625 April I Charles I. William Ravenscrofte, Esq. 1626 Feb. I William Ravenscrofte, Esq. 1628 25 th Feb. 3 '» William Ravenscrofte, Esq. 1628 1st Dec. 3 ^> Peter Wynne, Gent., vice William Ravenscrofte, Esq., deceased. 1640 9th March. 15 .' Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart. 1640 19th Oct. 16 „ John Salisburie, Esq., jun.' 1640 16 ,, Thomas Middleton.- 1646 7th Dec. 22 ,, Thomas Middleton, Esq., vice John Salisburie, jun., Esq., disabled to cit ^ 1654 12 July Commonwealth . OIL. ( John Trevor. ) Andrew Ellice. 1656 Aug. >> 1 John Glynne, Chief Justice. 1 John Trevor. ' Disabled 5th Feb. 1643, for deserting the service of the House, being in the King's quarters and adhering to that party. Writ issued ist Sept. 1643. — Far/. Hist. England, vol. ix., p. 15. - In the Crown Office List for 1640 the above-named is given, Middleton being inserted twice, one of which is nm through with a pen — being, we suppose, a repetition, and not intended to apply to the note on the cover, that "on account of several members going to Oxford to the King the House was filled with others in their places." ^ Thomas Middleton was secluded by the army since the vote of the ^\\\ Dec. 1648. — Vide Pari. Hist. England, vol. x., p. 469. BURGESSES RETURNED TO PARLIAMENT. "5 Anno Dom. Date of Return. Regnal Year. Name. 1658 Jan. Commonwealth . 1660 April Convention 1 1660 1 2th Nov. 12 Charles II. Roger Whitley, Esq. 1 661 29th April 13 Roger Whitley, Esq. 1679 loth Feb. 31 Roger Whitley, Esq. 1679 23rd Sep. 31 Roger Whitley, senior, Esq. 1 681 7th March 33 Thomas Whitley, Esq. 1685 3rd April I James II. Sir John Hanmer. Knt. and Bart., Flint (Ruthlan, Cilcen, Caerwys and Caergwrley) Borough. 1689 14th Jan. Convention Sir John Hanmer, Knt. and Bart. 1690 17th March 2 Will, and Mary Thomas Whitley, Esq. 169s 28th Oct. 7 William III. . Sir Roger Puleston, Knt. 1697 8th April 9 Thomas Ravenscroft, Esq., vice Sir Roger Puleston, Knt., deceased. 1698 13th August 10 Thomas Mostyn, Esq. {nciii. con.) 1 701 nth Jan. 12 Thomas Mostyn, Esq. [noii. con.) 1 701 13th bee. 13 Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart. {nem. 1702 2nd Feb. 13 Sir John Conway, Bart., vice Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., elected to serve for Thetford, County Norfolk {nan. con.) 1702 1st August I Anne Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. : Flint (Rhuddlan, Caerwys, Caergwrley, Overton) Boroughs. 1702 2nd Dec. I „ . . Thomas Mostyn, Esq. (nem. con.), vice Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., who elected to serve for the County of Chester. 1705 29th May 4 >5 • • Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. : Flint (Rhuddlan, Caerwys, Caergwrley, and Overton) Boroughs. 1708 20th May 7 „ • . Sir John Conway, Bart. : Flint (Rhuddlan, Caerwys, Caergwrley, and Overton) Boroughs. 1710 17th Oct. 9 „ . • Sir John Conway, Bart., Flint (Rhuddlan, Caerwys, Caergwrley, and Overton) Boroughs. 1713 2 1 St Sep. 12 „ . . Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart. {ncin. con.) 1715 1 8th Feb. I George I. Sir John Conway, Bart. 1721 loth June 7 » . . Thomas Eyton, Esq., vice Sir John Conway, Bart., deceased. 1722 30th March 8 ,, . . Thomas Eyton, Esq. 1727 31st August I George II. Salusbury Lloyd, Esq. 1734 1 6th i\Iay 8 „ . . Sir George Wynne, Bart. : Flint (Rhuddlan, Overton. Caerwys, Caergwrley) Boroughs. * For the Convention Parliament (April 1660) no return can be found, probable the writ miscarried. — Farl. Hist. England., vol. xxii., p. 225. It is ii6 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Anno Dom. Date of Return. Regnal Year. Name. 1 741 14th May 14 George II. Richard Williams, Esq. 1747 3rd July 21 „ Kyffin Williams, Esq. 1753 28th Nov. 27 „ Sir John Glynne, Bart., vice Kyffin Williams, Esq., deceased. 1754 20th April 27 „ Sir John Glynne, Bart. 1761 2nd April I George III. Sir John Glynne, Bart. 1768 28th March 8 George III. . Sir John Glynne, Bart., of Broad Lane, County Flint. 1774 14th Oct. 15 „ Sir John Glynne, Bart., of Broad Lane, County Flint. 1777 26th June 17 M Watkin Williams, Esq., vice Sir John Glynne, Bart., deceased. 1780 14th Sep. 21 „ Watkin Williams, of Penbedw, Esq. 1784 5 th April 24 „ Watkin Williams, Esq. 1790 28th June 30 ,, Watkin Williams, Esq. 1796 2nd June 36 ., Watkin Williams, Esq. 1799 19th March 39 » Watkin Williams, re-elected after ap- pointment as Constable of Flint Castle. 1802 loth July 42 „ Watkin Williams, Esq. 1806 nth Nov. 47 „ Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart. 1807 27th May 47 „ William Shipley, Esq. 1812 loth Oct. 52 „ Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart. 1818 20th June 58 „ Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart. 1820 13th March I George IV. Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd. Bart. 1826 13th June 7 Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd. Bart. 1830 3rd August I William IV. . Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart. 1831 4th May I Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart. 1831 22nd Sep. 2 Henry Glynne, Esq., vice Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart., called to the Upper House as Baron Mostyn. 1832 25th Feb. 2 ■ Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart., vice He ny Glynne, Esq., who ac- cepted the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds. 1832 nth Dec. 3 Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart. 1835 loth Jan. 5 Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart. 1837 1st August I Victoria Charles Whitley Deans Dundas, of Aston Hall, County Flint, Esq. 184I 30th June 5 Sir Richard Bulkeley Williams Bulkeley, of Baron Hill, County Anglesey, Bart. 1847 31st July n ,, Sir John Hanmer, of Bettisfield Park. County Flint, Bart. 1852 13th July 16 „ Sir John Hanmer, of Bettisfield Park, Bart. 1857 28th March 20 ,, Sir John Hanmer, of Bettisfield Park, Bart. 1859 29th April 22 ,, Sir John Hanmer, of Bettisfield Park, Bart. 1865 I2lh July 29 ,, Sir John Hanmer. of Bettisfield Park, Bart. BURGESSES RETURNED TO PARLIAMENT. 117 Anno Dom. Date of Return. Regnal Year. Name. 1868 19th Nov, 32 Victoria Sir John Hanmer, of Bettisfield Park, Bart. 1872 i6th Oct. 36 „ Sir Robert Alfred Cunliffe, of Gladwyn, Wrexham, Bart., vice Sir John Hanmer, called to the Upper House as Baron Hanmer of Hanmer and Flint. 1874 6th Feb. 37 „ Peter Ellis Eyton, of Englefield House, Russell Road, Rhyl, Attorney-at- 1878 5 th July 42 „ John Roberts, Esq., of Bryngwenalt, in the Parish of Abergele, County Denbigh, vice Peter Ellis Eyton, Esq., deceased. 1880 3rcl April 43 M John Roberts, Esq., of Bryngwenalt, in the Parish of Abergele, County Denbigh. Basingwerk Abbey was dissolved in 1535, and soon after we find Flint formed into a Parish, having a separate Minister or Rector of its own. The Registers of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials at the Church commence in the years 1598 — 1620, and the Accounts of the Churchwardens and of the Overseers of the Poor in the year 1708. In these the clergymen style themselves sometimes Warden, and at others Minister, Pres- byter, Curate, Perpetual Curate, Incumbent, Perpetual Incumbent or Rector. We reserve the lists of Rectors, Churchwardens, etc., until we come to the consideration of the Churchwardens' Accounts hereafter.'' The following is a translation of an extract from the Valor Ecclesiastictis of 1535, which shows that Flint was then considered to be an independent Parish or Rectory. "True value of the parish church or rectory of Flint, in the diocese of St. Asaph, made out from the certificate of Richard Hurlestone, Edward Plankney, Thomas Birckened, Richard ap John, John Whitley, senior, John ap Griffith ap Hughe, gentleman, and John Win[n]e, clerk, Commissaries of our lord Edward the Sixth, by the grace of God of England, etc., King, by virtue of the commission to them directed, dated at Westminster the 13th day of Januaiy, in the year afs*^. " Rectory of Flint. The said parish church or rectory of Flint,— upon the lawful oath of the men whose names are in the said certificate contained, is worth in glebe lands, viz. : in the eighth part of an acre of land, called the "Personne's Crofte," yearly rent 6d. And the tenths of grain, hay, wool, lambs, and all other tenths, ;i^i3 6s. 8if., altogether £1;^ Js. 2d. Thereupon to the Bishop of St. Asaph, pro lactualibus, bs. 8d., for procurations annually, 6s. 8d. To the same for each, triennially at his Visitation, 6s. Sd., on rendering the account, 2s. 2\d. per annum, and there remains clear ;^I2 6s. T\d,y the tenths thereupon £1 ^s. 2d." ilS HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Subsequently it was for a time attached to Northop, — at any rate "the tyth of the Parish of Flint, worth six and thirty pounds per annum," belonged to the Rector of Northop; and^ as such, it passed with that Rectory to the Bishop of St. Asaph. It is now, however, a separate Parish, and in 1872 the townships of Leadbrook Major and Leadbrook Minor were added to it. It would be well if the townships of Coleshill Fawr and Coleshill Fechan were also included within it; and that the Municipal Borough was likewise extended, so that the Borough and Parish might comprise one and the same area. The Old Church, which M^as dedicated to Saint Mary, was on the usual plan of a parallelo- gram, having a small wooden bell turret at the west end, a north chancel aisle and a north-western porch ; it is said to have had also at one time a Golgotha, a ghastly yet common adjunct to our older town and country churches. Its probable date was the latter half of the thirteenth century. Perhaps it was built about the time of the erection of the Castle and the creation of the Borough by King Edward, upon the site of the old chapel of Coleshill, but upon that point we are without direct evidence. The shaft of the old Cross, probably the " High Cross," which is shown in Speed's map to have stood near to the site of the present Town Hall^ was in the churchyard in 1800, but alas! it has vanished now. This picturesque old structure was unfortunately taken down in 1847, and the present erection substituted for it. We give a copy of a neatly executed engraving of the old church, which accom- panies a letter Mr. Parkes wrote to good old " Sylvanus Urban " in the Geufkmaiis Magasine for January, 1801, The writer was a distinguished antiquary, and his letter may be trusted for accuracy of detail. "Shrewsbury, September i (1800). "Mr. Urban, "Being at Flint (the county town of Flintshire, N. Wales), last July, I made a drawing of the church, which I send to you, and hope you will give it a place in your Magazine. '' Flint church is of considerable antiquity, is dedicated to St. Mary, and is a perpetual curacy to Northop. The interior is plain, and contains little that claims the attention of the traveller ; there are some remains of painted glass in the windows, but too mutilated to be described. On a brass-plate on the floor, in the north side, is the following inscription : — ' HIC lACET CORl'VS THOM^ SALUS- KVRIE DE leadbrook ARMIGERI : QUI OBIIT DECIMO QVARTO DIE MARTI I ANNO DOMINI l6o2 /ETATIS sv.« 42. SALVS = BVRIE IVNCTA SALVS FVNVS SVNT IN COGNOMINE FVNVS PR/ETERIIT REMANET PERPETVATA SALVS : A CINERE AD SALVTEM.' ^ j: ^ Q CO THE PARISH CHURCH. 121 " The following are in the churchyard. " On a plain tomb-stone : ' HERE LIES IN HOPES OF A lOYFVLL RESVRRECTION THE BODY OF THOMAS PIERS, OF CHWAREL, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE THE 12 DAY OF DECEMBER IN THE 50 YEARE OF HIS AGE AND WAS BVRIED THE 1 5 OF THE SAME MONTH, ANNO DOMINI I7IO — HE IS NOT DEAD BVT SLEEPETH.' ' ' On another : ' Here lies the body of Peter Davies, son of David Davies, who departed this life March 21st, 1775. Aged 19. Think on the fate of mortal men, How soon they go to dust ; But they that live a godly life Shall rise among the just. You that are young, prepare to die, For I was young, though here I lie ; My marriage bed is in the dust, And Christ my bride in Whom I trust.' "Yours, etc., D. Parkes." Thomas Salusbury, named on the brass plate mentioned in the above letter, was the son of Thomas Salusbury and his wife Jane Massie, and the grandson of Thomas Salusbury and Margaret Hookes; he married Frances, daughter of Thomas Ravenscroft of Bretton ; his eldest son Robert married Mary, daughter of John Edwards of Chirk, by whom he had an elder son Edward, another son and two daughters. We give this short pedigree, as some of the M.P.s hereafter mentioned bear the names above referred to, and it is possible that the Leadbrook influence, which was considerable in the Town of Flint, may have had something to do with their being elected. Many eminent Welsh families claim descent from this branch of the Salusbury family. Their names are frequently to be met with in the Flint Registers. They had a " town house " in Flint called the " Tower," now known as the Victoria Stores : Trelawny Square was formerly known as Salusbury Square. The Salus- burys remained for many generations at Leadbrook ; the last of them, a female, was the " Madame Lloyd " hereafter mentioned in an extract from the Parish book, dated 15th April, 1734. Le.\dbrook eventually passed to the Breretons, and from them to the Trelawnys. Sir John Salusbury Trelawny, the present Baronet, recently sold it to Mr. Huntley, the present owner, a former Mayor and a Borough Magistrate. There is absolutely nothing to record respecting Flint during the short reign of Edward VL In the last year of this sovereignty, 122 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. viz., on the 6th February, 1553, we find "Edward Stanley, of Flint, Esq.," returned as Member for the Boroughs. He is the first Borough Member of whom we have any record; and possibly he is the same " Edward Stanley, gentleman," who is named in the deed of the nth August, 1539, to which reference has already been made. It is presumed he was a son of Peter Stanley, the son and heir named in the Writ of 152 1 before mentioned. Edward Stanley married Margaret, daughter of Sir James Stanley, of Crossbill, Lancashire, and was buried at Hawarden in January, 1608-9. His son Robert married Alice Salusbury, of Leadbroke ; their only daughter, Anna, was married to John Mostyn, of Coed Onn, at Flint Church, on the 8th June, 1607, as appears by the Parish Registers. The following Certificate of his funeral is taken from the original record preserved in Harleian MS. 2041, and printed in the Cheshire Sheaf: — "Edward Stanley, o{ Eivloe, in the County of fflint, Esqr., dyed on the daye of January, A'o 1608 [-9] and lyeth Interred in hawrden Church in the said County. " He maryed Margaret daughter to S'r James Stanley, Knight, second sonne to George lorde Strange, by whom he had yssue, who dyed younge : also Henry Stanley. Robert Stanley marryed Alice Sahtslmry daughter to Mr. T/iomas Salusbury of fflynt, Esquior, by whom he had an only daughter Anne, who married John Moston of Coed On. Peter Stanley, Edward Stanley. Heniy Stanley, Thomas Stanley. George Stanley maryed Elli7i Byngly, daughter to Byitgly of Brotighton, gent. Will'm Stanley, John Stanley. Richard Stanley. Katheren viarryed to Richard Gryffith of Kyll^yn. Anne marryed to Anto : Asto7i, office hall in Staffordshire. Margrett maryed to Robt. Salusbury' [in another hand in different ink] seacond sone to S'r John Salusbury knight. Mary Stanley dyed young. Elizabeth maried to Thomas Lee of Middleton, and after to Richard HmtgJiton. ffraunces married to Ar blaster Wcntworth ofGosfeild in Essex, gent. ''This defunct bare xij severall Coates, the first by the name of Stanley, being descended of a seacond sonne of S'r Will'm Stanley of hooton, knight ', the seacond coat by the name of Audeleigh ; the 3rd Bamvyll ; the 4th Silvester al's Stourton ; the 5th hooton ; the 6th houghton ; the 7th Lea; the 8th grosuenor; the 9th pulford ; the loth.phesant; the I Ith harington ; the xijth by the name of Heileigh." " Thomas Hanmer, Esq.," was returned for the County on the ' He is elsewhere called "Doctor" Salusbury. His descendants settled at Ewloe. He was uncle to Sir John Salusbury. MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. 12$ same day that Edward Stanley was elected for the Boroughs. He must have been a member of the "Fenns" branch of the Hanmer family, as Sir Thomas Hanmer, who was knighted at Musselburgh in Scotland at that date, w^as then only seventeen years of age. He probably lived at the family seat at Oakenholt, just outside the Borough boundary ; w'hich, by the way, gives a name to the celebrated Paper Mills of the " North Wales Paper Company," in which Messrs. M'Corquodale are interested. Here is made the paper on which so many of the London and provincial newspapers, Bradshaw's Raihvay Guide, and other important publications, are now printed. In the first year of Queen Mary's reign (i8th September, 1553) Edward Stanley was again returned for the Boroughs, and "Robert Massye" for the County. Robert Massie, of Codding- TON, the father-in-law of Thomas Salusbury, of Leadbrook,i was living temp. Hen. VIII. ; his youngest son was also named Robert. ' The widow of Thomas Salusbury of Leadbrook married Raufe Ravens- crofte, who died in 1604, and was buried in Flint Church, as appears by the following Certificate extracted from the Cheshire Sheaf, taken from Harl. MS. No. 8019: — '•Arms: Quarterley of six ; 1st and 6th, Argent, a chevron Sable between three ravens' heads erased proper [Ravenscroft]. 2nd, Azure, se97ice dc lys and a lion rampant gardant Argent [Holland]. 3rd, Argent, three bulls' heads erased Sable [Skevington]. 4th, Sable, 3 garbs Or within a bordure of the last [Brick- hull, of Bretton]. 5th, Argent on a bend vert, three spades of the field ; in sinister chief a mullet Sable [Swettenham]. In the middle of the escocheon a crescent gules. [* This was the mark of cadency denoting the second son.] "Mr. Raufe Ravenscrofte, of Bolles,' in the Countie of fflynt, gent., second Sonne of Thomas Ravenscrofte, of Bretton, Esquire, Deceased on the second day of November, 1604, And lyeth cntcrrcd in fflynt Chttrch. " He maiyed to his fyrste Wyfe Eliz.* Massy, Daughter to Richard* Massy, of Coddington, in the Countie of Chester, gent., By whom he had no yssue. " To his second wife he maiyed Katheryn* Moston, Daughter to Pieres * Moston, of Delacre, Esquier, By whom also he had no yssue." " In the Ravenscroft pedigree, as drawn by Mr. John Salisbury, of Erbistock, the first wife is named ' Catheiine, daughter to Robert Massie, of Coddington, and relict of Thomas vSalisbuiy, of Ledbrook, co. Flint,' but in the Massie pedigree in Ormerod her name is given as ^Jatic.' "Again, in the Ravenscroft pedigree the second wife is entered as '^ Atme.'' She married first Harry ap Jevan ap Lewis ; secondly, Edward Bellot, Esq. ; and thirdly, Raufe Ravenscroft. "In the Mostyn pedigree she is called ' Apiy,^ but it was more likely to have been Amie. Raufe Ravenscroft's mother was Catherine, daughter to Richard Grosvenor, of Eaton, Esq., who died 27th July, 3rd of Henry VIII." ' Probably, Plas yn Balls, near Flint, now the property of His Grace the Duke of West- minster, K.G. * These four Christian names have been added in the original. In Harl. MS. 2041 the wife's name is given as Katheren Massy, but her father's Christian name is blank. His second wife's name is given as Anne Moston, daughter of Peires. 124 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Pennant states that a branch of the Massie family was settled at Maes Mynan, near Caerwys, the ancient seat of Prince Llewelyn, which they sold to the Mostyns. Robert Massye was on the 2nd March in the following year again elected for the Boroughs, and re-elected on the 12th November in the same year. On the 14th October he was once more elected member for the County, and Edward Stanley for the Boroughs. "William Mostyn, Esq.," sat for the County in the two Parliaments of 1554. He was in the ninth year of Queen Elizabeth, together with other chief gentlemen of North Wales, directed by Her Majesty's Commission to hold an Eisteddfod, at Caerwys (the last held by royal authority) ; in which Commission it is stated that his ancestors had the right to bestow the Silver Harp on the person adjudged most worthy by the Commissioners. This harp is still at Mostyn, and was exhibited at the recent "Art Treasures Exhibition" at Wrexham. He married Margaret, daughter of Robert Powell, of Park; and had three sons — Thomas, John, and Henry — and two daughters. On the 5th of November, 1555, a Confirmation of the Charter of Edward I. to the Borough was granted by the Crown. The following is z copy of the original, which will be found upon the Confirmation Roll 2 and 3 Philip and Mary, at the Public Record Office :— " The King and Queen to all whom, etc., greeting. We have inspected the Letters Patent of the Lord Edward, formerly King of England, Our progenitor, made in these words : ' Edward by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Sheriffs, Provosts, Ministers, and all Bailiffs, and his faithful people, greeting. "Know ye that We will and grant for Us and Our heirs, that Our Town of Flint be henceforth a free Borough, and Our men of the same Town be free Burgesses ; and that the Constable of Our Castle of Flint for the time being be Mayor of that Borough, sworn as well to Us as to the said Burgesses, who, the oath being first taken (and so on, repeating the words of the Charter). Given by Our hand at Flint on the eighth day of September, in the twelfth year of Our reign. " We also holding firm and valid the Letters aforesaid, and all and singular the things contained in the same, for Us and Our heirs as much as in Us lies, do accept and approve of them ; and to Our beloved now Burgesses of the same Our Town of Flint ratify and confirm the same, as the Letters aforesaid in themselves reasonably testify. In witness whereof, etc. Witness the King and Queen at Westminster the fifth day of November, 1555. "For forty shillings paid in the Hanaper." ' ' The Hanaper was an office now abolished. Writs relating to the business of the subject and their returns were anciently kept in hanapeno (in a hamper), and those relating to the crown in parva baga (in a little bag), and hence arose the names " Hanaper" and " Petty Bag" Office. CHARTER GRANTED TO THE BOROUGH. 1 25 Why this Confirmation was granted, it is impossible now to say. In Miss Strickland's Queens of England, the following passage from Pollino is given : — " Mary was declared heir of the realm by the King her father, and Princess of Wales, which was the usual title of the King of England's eldest son. She likewise governed that province according to the custom of the male heir." Perhaps she found the ancient charter to Flint had been neglected ; and therefore, especially as the Borough was within her Palatinate of Chester, she wished to revive it. In the last year of the reign, "John Conwey, Esq.," was elected knight of the shire, and " Peter (or Pyers) Mostyn, Esq." was returned member for the Boroughs. Queen Elizabeth, priding herself as she did upon being " July 2ist. Jane, dau. of Thomas Salusbury. '• 1633, Feb. 28th. Mary, dau. of John Venables. " 1634, Nov. 2nd. Henry, son of Hugh JefTeray, carcerati. " 1634, Jan. 3rd. Thomas, son of Thomas Starkie, tese Hic'o Spicercleico. " 1635, July 1st. Thomas, son of Laurence Salusbury. "r635, Oct. nth, Mary, dau. of Henry Salusbury. " 1635, Stephen, son of Thomas Salusbury. " 1636, March 28th. Jane, dau. of Robert Salusbury. " 1637, Oct. 1st. Margaret, dau. of John Venables and Ann his wife. "' 1638, July 5th. Mary, dau. of Laurence Salusbury. " 1638, Dec. 22nd. Thomas, son of Robert Salusbury and Mary Price. " 1639, Nov. 17th. Elizabeth, dau. of Henry Salusbury and Catherine. " 1640, Sep. 6th. Margaret, dau. of Robert Salusbury and Rebecca his wife. " 1640, Sept. 26th. Thomas, son of Thomas Salusbuiy and Jane his wife. " 1640, Sep. 26th. Arthur, son of Robert and Mary Salusbury. Richard Spicer ceased as Citrate. Finis aitt hie reliqui, 1 641. Henry Morris. Curate, 1641. " 1642, May 1st. Edward, son of John Venables and Jane his wife. " 1642, Sep. 15th. Philip, son of Henry Salusbury, and Alice his dau., both by Katherine his wife. " 1642, Dec. I2lh. John, son of Thomas .Salusbury. " 1643, Feb. 15th. Thomas, son of Thomas Salusbury and Jane. " 1643, .Sep. 3rd. Roger, son of Laurence Salusbury of Holywell and Ann his wife. EXTRACTS FROM THE PARISH REGISTERS. 1 29 " 1643, Nov. loth. William, son of Thomas Salusbury and Victoria. " 1644, Jan. 29th. Rice, son of Thomas Salusbury and Rebecca, " 1644, Mar. 9th. Margareta, filia Richardi Morris Militis ex corp'e Annae iM orris uxoris, " 1645, May 1st. Charles, son of Hugh Middleton and Mary his wife. " 1645, May 4th. Frances, dau. of Thomas Starkie and Eliz"'. " 1645, June i6th, Eliz""., dau. of Thomas Salusbury and Victoria. " 1646, October ist. Thomas and Henry, the twin sons of John Venables. " 1646, Nov. 5th. Parthenia, dau. of Hugh Middleton, gent. " 1648, May 23rd. Catherine, dau. of Hugh Middleton, gent. " 1649, March 21st. Edward, son of Thomas Salusbury. " 1651, Feb. 18th. Elizabeth, dau. of Roger Jones of Coed Onn. " 1652, April 22nd. Margaret, dau. of Hugh Middleton. " 1652, May 9th. Anthony, son of Anthony Haviland, gent. " 1652, July 30th. Roger, son of John Venables. " 1653, Dec. 3rd. Roger, son of Roger Jones, gent. " 1655, March 2nd. Thomas, son of Hugh Middleton, " 1656, April loth. Mary, dau. of Roger Jones of Coed Onn, gent. " 1660, July 2nd. Prudence, dau. of Hugh Middleton. "1661, April i6th. William, son of Oliver Brockton, then of Cornist. " 1667, Sep. 4th. Victoria, dau. of William Salusbury and Elizabeth his wife. " 1676, Feb. 27th. John, son of Roger Salusbury and Ann his wife. " 1680, Nov. 2ist. Edward, son of Roger Salusbury. " 1681, Feb. 26th. Edward, son of Thomas of the Tower. " 1684, Oct. 4th. John, son of Thomas ap Richard of the Tower. MARRIAGES. " 1607, June Sth. John Mostin and Anna Stanle (John Mostyn of Coed Onn and Anne dau. of Robt. Stanley and Alice his wife, dau. of Thos. Salusbury of Leadbrook). " 1609, July 27th. John Venables and . " 1616, Sep. 8th. Robert Salisbury and Maria Price. " 1620, Feb. I2th. Eliza Price and Katherine Browne con"ti fuerant per me Hen. Morgan curatus ibidem. " 1628, Feb. lOth. Randolph Tottie and Margaret v'z Piers. "1629, July 27th. Thomas Salusbury and Lucy v'z William. " 1 63 1, Nov. 27th. Thomas Starkie and Elizabeth Salusbury (dau. of Thos. Salusbury and Margaret his wife). " 1634, May 31st. Thomas Griffith and Elizabeth Brereton. ' 1639, Jan. 29th. Maurice Thomas and Sai'ah Salusbury. " 1640, May 26th. Peter Griffith and Anna Salusbury. " 1642, Sept. 8th. William Brocke and Elizabeth Brearwood, civitatis cestricc. " 1643, June 24th. Thomas Kenricke and Sydnea Mostin. " 1644, June 8th. Hugh Jones and Alice Salusbury, of Holywell Parish. •' 1660, Dec. 28th. Pierce and Catherine Salusbury. " 1664, Jan 15th. Plenry Hughes and Margaret Salusbury. " 1675, Aug. 1st. Thomas Piers and Janet Venables. " 1676, Nov. 25th. Roger Salusbury and Anna Jones. " 1679, June I2th. Samuel Mostyn and Ursula Stanley. Burials. " 1612, May 26th. Robert Salusbury. " 1614, June 14th. Margaret, daughter of Edward Kyffin, Rector of Caerwys., " 1615, May 25th. John Salusbury. 130 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. " 1615, June i6th. Alice Salusburj'. " 1618, Jan. 6th. Robert Mostin. " 1619, Jan. 26th. Thomas Salusbury. " 1619. Feb. 3rd. Maud Mostin. " 1620, Jan. 27th. Anne .Salusbury. " 1621, Jan. 4th. John Venables. " 1622, May 2ist. Alice Salusbury. " 1624, Sept. 2ist. Catherine Mostyn, widow of Robert Mostyn. " 1627, April 15th. Jane Venables. " 1627, Nov. 29th. Jane, daughter of Henry Salusbury. " 1628, May 29th. ivatherine Salusbury. " 1630, July 2nd. John Ffoulkes of Kilcwen. " 1630. Oct. 1 8th. George Catchmay, servant to S'r J'n Bridgeman, Chiefe Judge. " 1633, May i8th. Robert Salisbury, infant. " 1633, Aug. 9th. Alice, daughter of Henry Salusbury. " 1634. June 30th. Elizabeth Venables. widow. " 1634, Dec. 31st. Roger Salusbury and Jane Peake, his wife (both on the same day). " 1637, Oct. 4th. Anne, daughter of John Venables. " 1637, March 24th. Jane Conway, spinster. " 163S, April 5th. Elizabeth Brereton. wife of Thomas Griffith. " 1638, March nth. Catherine, daughter of Peter Mostyn. " 1640. May 7th. George Bowes, of the County of York, "hippodamus" (horsebreaker). " 1640, Feb. 19th. Sarah Salusbury. " 1642, Sept. 25th. Elizabeth Salusbury. " 1642. Oct. 3rd. Philip Salusbury. " 1642. Oct. 4th. Anna .Salusbury. " 1643. Sept. nth. Arthur, son of Robert Salusbury. " 1643. Sept. 14th. Thomas, son of Robert Salusbury. " 1644. Feb. 29th. Elizabeth Salusbury. " 1644. Oct. 25th. Robert Salusbury. " 1645, April 28th. Kenrick Hanmer. " 1645, Oct. 28th. William Whitley. " 1645. ^^1^- 24th. Thomas Salusbury. armiger. " 1645, March i8th. Thomas, son of Hugh Middleton, gent. " 1648, June 23rd. Thomas, son of John Venables. " 1648, Aug. 4th. Edward Griffith, surgeon. " 1648, Sept. 29th. Grysell, daughter of Thomas Salusbury, of Leadbrooke, gent. " 1648, Oct. 27th. Edward, son of John Venables. " 1648, Jan. i6th. Catherine Starkey, virgo. " 1649. May 1 6th. Parlhenia, dau. of Hugh Middleton. " 1649, June 17th. Jane .Salusbury. " 1649, Oct. 24th. Francis Salisbury, widow. " 1649, Nov. 1st. John Venables. " 1650. Feb. 20th. The wife of John Venables. " 1653, April 25th. John Hughes of Comist, gent. " 1657, Sept. 6th. Ed'ivard Evatts, Presbyter and preacher of the Divine Word. " 1657, Nov. 8th. Thomas Salusbury of Counsellt. " 1657, Jan. 2nd. Doodley, son of .Salusberie de Lebrog. " 1659, March 25th. Mar}', dau. of Thomas .Salusbury of Leadbrook. " 1659, April 22nd. Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas .Salusbury of Leadbrook. " 1659, May 31st. Victoria, dau. of Thomas Salusbury of Leadbrook. " 1659, July 31st. Katherine Mostyn. EXTRACTS FROM THE PARISH REGISTERS. 131 "1662. March nth. Thomas Salusbury of Leadbrook, Esq. " 1663, Aug. 1st. Domina Elizabetha Smith de Leadbrook, vei-e vidua matroiia nohilis et picntissima. '' 1668, June 24. Anna, dau. of Thomas Salusbury of Leadbrook. Esq. " 1669, Jan. 3. Judith, dau. of William Salusbury of Leadbrook, minor. "1670, Dec. 28th. Alice Salusbury. " 1674, July 1st. Margaret Mostyn. " 1678, April 20th. Rebecca, the wife of Thomas Salusbury of Flint. " 1678, Nov. 28th. Thomas and Robert, Roger Salusbury's twins. " 1678. March 22nd. Mary, the wife of Mr. Hugh Middleton. " 1678, July 14th. Margaret, a child of Edward Lewis, of Northop. ' Buried in fflannen.' " 1681. April 2nd. Thomas Brown, gent., of fflint. " 1682, June nth. Jane Salusbury of Flint. "1683, April 6th. Rhees Salusbury, of Flint. " 1684, Jan. 4th. Anne Parry, of Flint, aged 103. " 1685. John Jones, Rector of Flint, died 17th of April, being Good Friday, and was buried y* 20th of y'' same. " On the accession of James I. to the throne, " Roger Puleston, Esq.," was again returned as Knight of the Shire, and "Roger Brereton, Esq.," for the Boroughs : the latter hailed, we believe, from BoRRAS, near Gresford, co. Denbigh. We have the following from the Calendar of State Papers, 1608. "Grant to Nicholas Griffin of the office of Porter of Flint Castle for life." On his death, in Nov. 16 15, the same office was granted to William Williams, "with the wages of £6 IS. 8d. yearly." In 1620, another Parliament was convened; there is no return for the County, but William Ravenscroft was for a fourth time elected for the Boroughs, and was re-elected in 1624, when Sir John Hanmer, Knt. and Bart., was returned as his colleague for the County. Sir John was born in 1590, and was created a Baronet by King James in 1620 : he was one of the Council of the Marches of Wales, and a leader of the Puritan partj\ He married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Richard Trevor, of Allington, and died in the same year in which he was elected for Flintshire. He was succeeded in the representation of the County by his wife's kinsman, "Sir John Trevor, jun.," of Plas T£g. The founder of this house was Sir John Trevor, the father of the member, who built P/as Teg mansion. Sir John, the father, was the second son of Sir John Trevor, who built the present house of Trevalyn ; he was secretary to the Earl of Notting- ham, the victor over the Spanish Armada, and Comptroller of the Navy, in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. He died in 1630, and there is a mural tablet to his memory in Hope Church. Sir John, the member, on the death of his father and of his uncle Sir Richard, inherited the Trevalyn as well as the Plas Teg estate. He married Anne, daughter of Edward Hampden 132 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. of Wendover, CO. Bucks, by whom he had three sons and five daughters. In the following reign he took the side of the Parlia- ment, as also did his son John, hereafter mentioned ; but they both afterwards sagaciously changed their views at the Restoration. He died "full of years in the City of Westminster," in 1673. The original special pardon to "Sir John Trevor, Knight of the County of Middlesex," dated the 24th July, 12 Charles II., 1660 (which is in excellent preservation), is now in the possession^ of Colonel Trevor Roper at Plas Tic. '// .■<•£ v; 7 ' CHAPTER VIII. THE CIVIL WAR— SIEGE AND DISMANTLEMENl OF FLINI CASTLE— THE COMMONWEALTH AND RESTORATION. The unfortunate monarch, Charles I., ascended the Throne on the death of his father, James I., in the year 1625. A new Parliament was summoned, and again Sir John Trevor was returned for the County and William Ravenscroft for the Boroughs. The latter was re-elected the following year, and again in 1628 ; but in that year he died, and "Peter Wynne, gent," was returned in his stead, on the ist December. We have no information about the last-named gentleman. For the County "John Salusbury, Esq.," was returned in 1626, and "Robert Jones, Esq.," in 1628. We can find nothing recorded of Mr. Jones, but surmise he hailed from Llwyn Onn. Mr. Salusbury was a son of Thomas Salusbury, of Leadbrook. For the Parliament of March, 1640, "John Mostyn, Esq.," was elected knight of the shire, and again in the October following for the " Long Parliament." He was the second son of Sir Roger Mostyn, Knt. (grandson of Sir William Mostyn), by Mary his wife, eldest daughter of Sir John Wynne of Gwydir. He pre- viously represented Anglesey. Mr. Mostyn died at his seat at Maesmynan, unmarried, and left his estate to the heir of his elder brother. In the first parliament of 1640, Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., was returned for the Boroughs. He was the 2nd Bart, of that family, and was born in 16 12. At his father's death he was twelve years old. He became a page at Court, and afterwards held the office of Cupbearer. He was a warm Royalist. His wife was Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Thomas Baker, of Whit- tingham, CO. Suffolk, who was one of the Maids of Honour, and an heiress. They had two children — John, the 3rd Bart., and a daughter Trevor, afterwards Lady Warner, who became a nun. 134 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. He died in 1678. He did not sit long, as for the Long Parliament we find " John Saltjsbury, Esq., jun.," elected. From the memorandum book of Pierce Roberts, of Bron- HWYLWA, (see Arch. Cam., 1864,) we have the following : — " 1625. Election. Mem. That on Mondaye xxx of Jan. there was an elec- tion betweene Baronet Hanmer, and John Salusbury, of Bachegraoge, held at Flynt, ffor appoyntinge one of them to be knigte of y" shire fifor y*^ Parlemente, to be then affter held in K. Ch. time, whiche s'd election passed with Mr. John Salusbury on the Wednesdaye foUowinge. " Mr. John Salusbury, of Bachegraig, married Elizabeth, the daughter of Mr. John Ravenscroft, of Bretton. He was the son of Roger Salusbury, D.C.L., of Jesus College, Oxford (6th son' of Sir John Salusbury, of Lleweni), by his wife Catherine, daughter of Sir Richard Clough (by his second wife, Catherine of Berain).i Mr. John Salusbury died in 1685 ; he was a Royalist, as was Mr. John Mostyn, his colleague for the County before mentioned : on the 5th February, 1643, the House of Commons declared them both unable to sit, " for deserting the service of the House, being in the King's quarters, and adhering to that party." Mr. Salus- bury is the gentleman of that name hereafter referred to as having been selected as a Knight of the Royal Oak; his kinsman. Sir Thomas Salusbury, the 2nd Bart, of Lleweni, was elected in the same year for Denbighshire. They were both firm Royalists,, and accompanied the King to Oxford in 1642, and hence got into trouble. We find that on the i8th October, 1635, the amount of the Ship Money Tax demanded from the Borough of Flint was ;£i6, and from the whole of the County _;^7 38 4s. 2>d. The inhabitants were dissatisfied at this, as from the Calendar of State Papers we find that they presented a petition to the Treasury, alleging that Flint was poor in comparison with other Counties of North Wales, and had theretofore been taxed at " one half," in accordance with a ' Pennant, referring to a portrait of this lady, formerly at Lleweni, says : — " She was daughter and heiress of Tudor ap Robert Fychan, of Berain. She took for her first husband John Salusbury, heir of Lleweni, and on his death gave her hand to Sir Richard Clough. The tradition goes that at the funeral of her beloved spouse she was led to church by Sir Richard, and from church by Morris Wynn, of Gwydir, who whispered to her his wish of being her second. She refused him with great civility, informing him that she had ac- cepted the proposals of Sir Richard on her way to church, but assured him (and was as good as her word) that in case she performed the same sad duty (which she was then about) to the knight, he might depend on being her third. As soon as she had composed this gentleman, to show that she had no superstition about the number three, she concluded with Edward Thelwall of Plas-y-Ward, Esq., departed this life August 27th, and was interred at Llanyfydd on the ist of September, 1591." There is a portrait of her at Chirk Castle. THE CIVIL WAR. 1 35 special order of Queen Elizabeth, and praying their Lordships to confirm the ancient order. Whether or not their prayer was granted does not appear. In the same Calendar of State Papers we find the following : — " 1638, May 3. Grant to Thomas Edwards, his Majesty's servant' of the office of Constable of Flint Castle, void by the death of Thomas Griffith, with the fee of ^10 per annum, to be paid by the receiver of the revenues of the principality of North Wales." And now we arrive at the time when the King and Parliament could no longer agree, and the Country was involved in all the horrors of Civil War. Charles raised his Standard at Nottingham on the 22nd of August, 1642. The nobility and gentry of Flintshire sided with the Royalists, except some of the Ravenscrofts, the Trevors, and a few others. Whilst the King was at York, a petition was presented to him by " the Gentry, Ministers, and Freeholders of the County of Flint," expressive of their loyalty to him, and concluding thus : — " And your Petitioners, as in duty, and by the oath of allegiance and supremacy they conceive themselves bound, shall not only pray for the pre- servation of your Majestie's sacred person, honour, estate, and lavi'ful prerogative, but shall always be ready to hazard their lives and fortunes, for the mayntenance and defence of the same, against all powers and persons whatsoever. "Subscribed by the hands of the Knights, Gentry, Justices of the Peace, Ministers, and Freeholders of the County of Flint." His Majestie's Anszver to the Petition of the County of Flint. "His Majestie hath commanded me to return this answer to this Petition. That His Majestie is much pleased with the duty and affection expressed by the petitioners, and with so evident a testimonie, that the grievances He hath redressed, the laws He hath passed, and the declarations He hath made, have produced the effects for which they were intended ; the satisfaction, gratitude, and confidence of His good subjects, which He doubts not but the whole course of His government will daily increase. That His Majestie is no lesse pleased to see them so sensible of what hath and ever will best preserve their happiness and security, and that therefore they desire only to be governed by that rule, which He is resolved only to governe by, the known established laws of the land ; assuring them that, according to this oath, He will always protect them from the invasion of any other assumed arbitrary power whatsoever, as long as He shall be able to protect Himselfe, being resolved of nothing more than to stand and fall together with the law. And that He will not expect they should be any longer ready to expresse their duties to Him by the hazard of themselves and fortunes for the preservation of His person, honour, estate, and lawful prerogative, against all persons and powers whatsoever, than His Majestie shall ever be mutually ready to discharge His duty towards them by the hazard of Himself and fortune for the preservation and defence of the religion and laws established, of the just priviledges and freedome of parliament, and of the liberty and prosperity of the subject, against whomsoever shall endeavour either to destroy or oppose them. " Falkland. "At the Court of York, August 4th, 1642." 136 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. The County at once took an active part on the royal behalf. Sir Roger Mostyn was one of the first to take up arms on the King's side. Under his Majesty's commission he raised in a very little time 1,500 men for his service, and maintained them at his own expense. After he had taken Hawarden Castle, he entered with his regiment into Chester, then besieged by the Parlia- mentary forces. He was appointed Governor of Flint Castle, and after repairing it, and putting it in a defensible state at his own cost, he garrisoned it with a large force. In a MS. of the time in the British Museum, relative to the different castles and garrisons in Wales and its borders, Flint Castle is mentioned as " ye King's own Castle." The following is the result of the siege of Flint Castle, as given in Whitelock's Memorials of the English affairs during the reign of King Charles the First : — " 1643. The Castle oi Flint was besieged by Sir JVilliani Breretoji, and Sir Thomas Middkton ; the Governor of it for the King, held it out till all pro- visions, even to Horses, failing him, and then rendered it up upon honourable terms. " Then the Parliament Forces took in Mostyn-house, belonging to Colonel Mostytt, the Governor of Flint, and in Mostyn they took 4 pieces of Ordnance and some Arms. "This Colonel Mostyn is my Sister's Son, a Gentleman of good parts and mettle ; of a very ancient family, large possessions, and great interest in that Country ; so that in twelve hours he raised 1,500 men for the King, and was well beloved there, living very nobly." Sir Roger seems to have been nothing daunted by his reverses at Flint; for we find him taking part in the defence of Chester during its celebrated siege, and named as one of the Commis- sioners, in a precept signed by Prince Maurice, and dated 4th March, 1644. When Chester fell, Colonel Mostyn escaped, and evaded his enemies for some years, as we find in Whitelock's Memorials the following : — " 1658, May 13. Sir Soger Jllostyn was secured, and a Prisoner to Colonel Carter (the owner of Kinniel), at Conway. "May 15. I procured Sir Roger Mostyn's Liberty upon his Parole, to be at his own House at Mostyn, engaging to do nothing prejudicial to the present government." He, like many other Royalists, suffered severely for his alle- giance to his King, for he spent about ^60,000 (an immense sum in those days) in the service of his Majesty : his house at Mostyn was stripped of all its valuables, and he was obliged to desert it, and retire for several years to a small farmhouse called Plas Ucha, about a mile from Mostyn. However, he was fortunate in having a " friend at Court " in Whitelock, and to have had his life spared him. At the Restoration he was created a baronet, 3rd August, " Performed by John Speede." FLINT CASTLE AND TOWN, I6IO. SIEGE AND DISMANTLEMENT OF FLINT CASTLE. 1 39 1 660. Pennant relates that his ancestor, Pyers Pennant, and Sir Roger were boon companions, as evidenced by the postscript to the following epistle : — " MosTYN, 1674. "Dear Pyers, ' ' I hope you will excuse me for asking for the £4 you owe me for the pair of oxen ; for I want the money to make up ;^20 to send my son to Oxford next week. *' I am, dear Pyers, " Yours, etc., etc., " Roger Mostyn. " P.S. How does your head do this morning? — mine aches confoundedly." At this time money was so scarce, that ;^4 was a price for a pair of oxen; and the baronet o{ Mostyn was thought very liberal in sending his heir-apparent to the University with ;^20 in his pocket. There is a picture at Mostyn, in which Sir Roger is repre- sented at kit-cat length, in a strange flaxen wig, a breast-plate, buft' skirts, and antique /?oma« sleeves; a negro holding his helmet. Flint Castle was afterwards retaken by the Royalists, under the command of Sir William Vaughan, in September, 1645; ^^^ was reinforced in the November following by the garrison of Beeston Castle, which after a gallant defence had capitulated,, and were permitted to march into Flint Castle with all the honours of war. In Ormerod's History of Cheshire it is stated that they went to Denbigh, but this seems to be an error. The following particulars are from the historian Whitelock : — " 1646, June I. Major-General yJ/?V/o« besieged Caernarvon, Denbigh, Flinty and Holt Castles. " 1646, August 3. Denbigh Castle held out against the Parliament, and Flint Castle seemed tractable to come to a Treaty. " 1646, August 29. The Houses sat not. Intelligence came of the Surrender o^ Flint Castle to Major-General Mittoti. " 1646, December 22. The House voted that Holt, Flint, Harding, Rathe- land, and Ruthen Castles should be slighted." In the case of Flint, this slighting or dismantlement was done effectually. Taylor, the water-poet, who paid a visit to Flint in 1652, describes the Castle as then almost buried in its own ruins. The Town itself had also evidently suffered severely, and was apparently almost deserted. Taylor remarks, " Dun-fir," said he, " they have no saddler, taylor, weaver, brewer, baker, botcher, or button maker; they have not so much as the signe of an alehouse, so that I was doubtful of a lodging." In this latter respect Flint has made up for lost time, as there are now thirty-five public- houses in the Town, and the proprietors of all of them recently objected to close on Sundays. For many years the Castle ruins supplied materials for the build- 14° HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. ing of houses in the Town and neighbourhood ; but now, what few remains survive, under the care of the present Constable, are well looked after. On the preceding page we give a copy of the Plan of the Town and Castle prior to the dismantlement of the latter, taken from Speed's Map of Flintshire, published in 1610.' The above are the only facts we have been able to gather respecting the Siege of Flint Castle; but should the Historical MS. Commissioners examine the valuable Mostyn muniments, papers, and library, we venture to think that some time or another much new light will be thrown upon its history. Few lives appear to have been lost in the siege; at any rate, the Parish Register, the only record of deaths at that time, records no unusual number of burials ; but of course the dead would be buried after the manner practised in warfare. There are no entries whatever in the Register, the only contemporary parish record extant, of anything relating to the siege. On the 7th December, 1646, "John Trevor, Esq.," sat as Member for the County, and " Thomas Middleton, Esq.," for the Boroughs, in the place of Mr. Salusbury, removed. Mr. Middle- ton, however, was himself " secluded by the army since the vote of the 5th December, 1648;" so that he evidently was not an ardent Parliamentarian, or if he was, he did not approve of Cromwell's assumption of the Protectorate. Mr. Trevor was the son of Sir John Trevor, the former Member. He died 28th June, 1672 (a year before his father's death), aged forty-seven years. His wife was Ruth, the third daughter of John Hampden, of Hampden, co. Bucks, a kinswoman of the celebrated John Hampden. He was a very eminent man, and cleverly sided with the dominant party for the time being ; but after being returned for Flintshire as a Parliamentarian during the Commonwealth, at the Restoration he filled the office of Secretary of State, and was a member of the Privy Council of Charles II. Immediately after his election in 1646, Mr. Trevor proceeded to take his seat at Westminster, and travelled with the celebrated Parliamentary General, Colonel Carter (afterwards of Kinmel), as is evidenced by the following warrant, mentioned in the Historical MS. Commissioners' Report on the Chester City Records : — "15th December, 1646. Requisition and Warrant addressed by the Governor of the City of Chester to all Mayors, bailiffs, postmasters, etc., etc. To furnish four horses and a guide, for every stage of the road from Chester to Westminster, to John Trevor, Esq., a member of the House of Commons, and Colonel Carter, who are repairing with all speed to Westminster." ' At the foot of this map is the following : " Performed by John Speede, and are to be sold in Pope's head alley, against the exchange, by John Sudbury and George Humbell. Jodocus Hondius Ccelavit Cum Privilegio. 1610." THE COMMONWEALTH AND RESTORATION. I41 Colonel Carter married Miss Holland, the heiress of Kinmel, and it was said at the time that he " had chosen the best piece of Holland in the country." During the Commonwealth Mr. Trevor was twice re-elected; first in 1654, having as his colleague "Andrew Ellice;" and again in 1656, with the Chief Justice John Glvnne, the founder of the Hawarden family. Captain Andrew Ellice hailed from Althrey. He, Sir John Trevor, and Colonel TwisLETON purchased from the "Trustees for Sale of Delinquents' Lands " the forfeited Flintshire Manors of James, Earl of Derby. Subsequently, by various negotiations between Charles, Earl of Derby, Sir John Glynne, and the three purchasers, the Manor of Hawarden was conveyed to Sir John Glynne, and the Manors of Mold and Hope to the three purchasers. After- wards the latter divided their purchase as follows : Captain Andrew Ellis chose the Manor of Mold and certain lands in Mold; Colonel Twistleton other lands in Mold; while Sir John Trevor took the Manor and lands of Hope, and the remainder of the lands in Mold. This partition was duly carried out ; but the conveyances contained an exception of " mines and minerals," which seem to have been even at that time valuable, and which the representatives of the three purchasers still continue to enjoy as a common property under the popular designation of the " Lords of Mold:' ^ John Glynne was the son of Sir William Glynne, of Glyn-Llifon, Carnarvonshire, and was born in 1602. He was educated at Westminster and Oxford, entered at Lincoln's Inn, and became a Bencher. His abilities were immediately discovered by the popular party, by w^hose influence he was made Steward of Westminster, Recorder of London, and twice elected Member of Parliament for Westminster. On the 8th September, 1647, he was expelled the House, committed to the Tower, and charged with high treason. He submitted to the rising powers. In the next year he was restored to his place in the House, appointed one of the commissioners for carrying on the treaty with the King in the Isle of Wight, and voted by the House to be a sergeant- at-law. He evaded all concern in the trial of the King, but temporized fully with the powers then in being. In 1654 he was constituted Chamberlain of Chester, and in the following year Chief Justice of the Upper Bench. He was appointed on the committee to receive the Protector's scruples about being made king, and urged his acceptance with the utmost zeal. The prudent ' Lord Dacre, Col. Trevor-Roper, and the Trevalyn Estate now represent one-third of the ^^ Lords of Mold," the Mostyn Estate another one-third, and the Messrs. Howard (Soughton) and Lloyd Clough the remaining one-third. 142 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. lawyer maintained his position till the Restoration, when he was received by Charles II. with distinguished marks of favour. He was knighted, made prime sergeant, and his eldest son was created a baronet. He died in London in the year 1666. The following Address of the Grand Jury of the County is evidence that during the Commonwealth the Royalist feeling in these parts was not subdued : — " At the Great Sessions of the Countie of Flint, held at Flint the 23rd day of April, 1655. " We, who have been returned to serve of the Great Inquest for the bodie of this Countie, attended at the same Sessions— being trevvley infonned of the late suddaine and dangerous designs of divers ould and inveterate enemies to raise a new war on behalfe of the sonne of the late King, and to make unlawful insurrections in the several parts of the Commonwealth, to the hazard of reviving and introducing again the miseries of the former wars, and involving us in bloud, doe with all thankfulness humbly acknowledge the goodness and mercies of God so seasonably and kindly preventing the . same, etc.. and having seen the results of the neighbouring counties of Denbigh and Montgomery, at their several sessions immediately preceding ours — we do, etc., to the utmost of our ability promise to oppose the plotts, designs, and attempts of those who shall endeavour to maintaine any of the family or ward of the Stewarts within this nation — patiently waiting upon the Lord till He shall in His due time confirme and settle the just rights and liberties of the people of this Commonwealth — the overthrow whereof hath been (and we have reason to foresee) still is the unwearied wish and endeavour of that partie who idolise that family, against whom and whose tyrannies and bloodsheds the Lord hatli given such testimonies of His wrath, and gloriously appeared in the behalf of the Parliament and good people of this Commonwealth, adhering to them and their righteous cause. — (Signed), David Griffith, Jno. Thomas ap Thomas, Wm. Ledsham, Edw. John Roberts, Rees ap Edwards, Thos. Davies, John Edwards, "William Edwards, Andrew Bithell, Thos. ap Richard ap Thos, Thos. Vaughan, Roger ap Williams, Edw. Morgan, Thos. Ellis, Henry Parry." In 1634, we find from the Parish Register that Richard Spicer was acting as "Curate," and that he died in 1641, when Henry Morris succeeded him. They were followed by Edward Evans, who died and was buried at Flint on the 6th September, 1657. According to the Puritan parlance of the time, he is called in the entry of his burial, "Presbyter and Preacher of the Divine Word." The following list of the Flintshire knights and gentlemen, who compounded with the Parliament for their estates, is taken from " the printed general catalogue of sufferers," and is inserted with the view of identifying a large portion of the families distinguished for their adherence to the Royal cause in this unfortunate war. It is a very short list, and there can be but little doubt that many heads of families, by moving about from place to place, and by reason of age and other infirmity, escaped altogether compromising themselves on either side : — THE COMMONWEALTH AND RESTORATION. 143 '• Davies, Robert, of Gwisanny, Esq. . " Eyton, John, junior, of Ledswood, Gent. " Eyton, John, senior, of Ledswood . '• Griffith, Peter, of Carny, Esq. *' Hanmer, William, of Fenhall, Esq. " Jones, John, of Halkin, Gent. " Lloyd, Edward, of Herieth, Gent. " Mostyn, Roger, of Mostin, Esq. '• Philips, Edward, of Worthenburg . " Pennant, David, of Bighton, Gent. . " Pennant, Robert, of Whitford ■' Whiteley, Thomas, of Ashton " Salisbuiy, William, and Charles, his son, CO. Denbigh, Gent The following is a list of the gentry of Flintshire who were deemed "fit and qualified to be made Knights of the Royal Oak^^ with the value of their estates in 1660. At this period, ;^4,ooo would be equal to about ^18,000 of the present day :• — £ s. d. 645 II 4 42 172 IS 113 1370 156 II 4 64 10 852 24 42 14 298 125 of Buckhymtid -Ar /-v-T 17 1 1 n <-o Vi 1 781 " Sir Roger Mostyn, Knt. of Mostyn, Bart. " Sir Edward Mostyn, Knt. " — Salisbury, of Bachegrag, Esq. . " Robert Davis, Esq. . . . . . £4-000 1,500 600 2,000 "John Puleston, Esq. . . . . "John Hanmer, Knt., Bart. 2,500 3,000 " William Hanmer, Esq. .... 1,500 To the first Parliament convened on the accession of Charles II., •" Kenrick Eyton, Esq.," was returned for the County, and "Roger Whitley, Esq.," for the Boroughs. The former was a son of Sir Gerrard Eyton, of Eyton, Knt. and Baronet. He married Eleanor, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Peter Mutton (or Mytton)', Knt. The latter was the second son of Thomas Whitley, of Aston Hall, in the parish of Hawarden. Mr. Willett, in his History of Hawarden, relates that the earliest records of the Whitleys of Aston state that Richard Whitley married Margery, daughter and heiress of William Messam, son of Robert Messam, son of Harry de Messam,' by his wife, the daughter and heiress of Richard Aston, of Aston, who was living 4 Edward III., 1268. John Whitley, the third in descent from the said Richard, married Constance, daughter of Pyers Stanley, of Ewloe, and Jane his wife. His eldest son, Thomas, married Catherine, daughter of Ellis Evans, of Northop Hall, and had a son Thomas, whose ' Ewloe Hall, which was in the possession of Hari-y de Messam in 1265, and has belonged to a Mesham ever since, is now the property of Captain Arthur Mesham, of Pontryffydd, near Bodfari. His great-grandfather was the last of the name who resided there. 144 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. first wife was Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Ravenscroft, of Bretton : by her he had a son Thomas, and a daughter Katherine. He was Sheriff of Flint in 1637. He married, secondly, Elizabeth Brereton, by whom he had Roger Whitley, the member for Flint. Roger was a distinguished colonel in the army of Charles I., and afterwards knight, and harbinger of Charles II., in 1671. Subsequently, not approving of the policy of the Court, he was returned M.P. for Chester, as a Whig. He entertained King William at Peel Hall, on his way to Ireland. He filled the office of Mayor of Chester in the years 1692 — 1695. He became pos- sessed of the Z,/>'s estate, adjoining Bryn Edwin, perhaps from the Stanleys; which estate descended to the Earl of Plymouth, who sold it to Robert, Earl Grosvenor, in the beginning of this century. The Aston estate passed by marriage into the Dundas family, who, a few years ago, sold it to the present Premier, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone. The following is the inscription on the monument to the memory of Col. Whitley, placed in the old church at Hawarden : — " Near this place lieth / interred the Body of/ Colonel Roger Whitley, / late of Peel, in the County of Chester, / eldest son of Thomas Whitley, Esq.,/ of Aston, in this Parish, by Elizabeth Brereton, his second wife. /He man-ied Charlotte, sister of the right honourable / Charles Gerrard, Earl of Macclesfield, / And had issue by her, three sons and six daughters, viz., / Ger- rard, Thomas, Roger, Elizabeth, Charlotte, / Henrietta Maria, Penelope, Jane, and Anne. / He died July 17th, 1697. / This monument was erected to his memory / By his Grand-daughters, Charlotte and Elizabeth Mainwaring, / Daughters of Sir John Mainwaring. / of Peover, in the County of Chester, Bart., ; and Elizabeth Whitley, / 1722."/ We are favoured by Mr. Pihlip Bryan Davies Cooke, of Gwy- SANEY, with the following cop}' of a letter, written by. Col. Whitley to his ancestor, Robert Davies, relative to the election of 1660, which is an early precedent of a member's address of thanks for his election to Parliament : — " For my honoured cousin, Robert Davyes, Esq., High Sheriffe of fiflintshire. " These present " London, 17th Nov., 1660. '• Sir, " I must acknowledge myselfe obliged to you for very many favours, and especially this last, that you are pleased, with our good friends in fflintshire, to vouchsafe me the great honour to choose me your member of Parliament. I beseach you to accept of my most humble thanks, arid be assured that I will always testify my gratitude by all true respect and ser\'ices to your particular, as I hope to do to my country in general, by my integrity and zeal for all its concerns. Sir, I have desired my cousen Eyton to acquaint you how well satisfied I am at your choice of him for your knight, esteeming myselfe abun- dantly honoured that you think mee worthy to serve you in your other capacity. I was only troubled that there should be any dispute about it, being resolved (by all means) to waive it except it were in obedience to the commands of the THE RESTORATION. 1 45 country to receive it, and I pray do mee ye right to think thus of me. Sir, I pray let my services be acceptable to yourself, good Ladye and family, in particular to my cousen Davyes (your son) and honest Robin, and please always to esteem and use mee in the quality of your most obliged cousen and '■ humble, faithful servant, "(signed) Ro. Whitley." In the Parliament called the following year, Colonel Whitley was re-elected for the Boroughs, having as his colleague for the County Sir Henry Conway, Bart., of Bodrhyddan. Sir Henry was born in 1630; he married, in 1661, Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Lloyd, Bart., of Esclusham, and dying in 1669, was suc- ceeded by his son. Sir John Conway. We are also favoured by Mr. Cooke with the following copy of a manifesto by Charles, Earl of Derby, to his Flintshire tenants, which we presume had the desired effect, as two stout Royalists were returned in the persons of the gentlemen elected : — " To all my Loving Tenants, and my other good friends in ye County of fflint. "This " Loving friends, " After my hearty commendations, Having had severall Testimonies of your affection and Respects to mee, in ye worst of Times, I am now y'^ freer to desire you to hearken to my advice in disposing of your votes in y*' choyes of Members to serve for y*' Country in y" next parliament. And I think I shall not much divert your owne Inclination, by mooving you to appeare at y" Election, and bestow your votes as Robt. Davis, Esq., y" late High Sheritfe of y® County, shall direct, and for such p'sons as he shall nominate. His Loyalty to his Prince, his affection to his Country, and his friendlinesse to his neighbours, are sufficiently known, so y' y'^ worth and fitnesse of such persons as he shall propose to you cannot be doubted of you. I question not y'' readynesse to comply w"' my desire, and therefore I commend mee kindly to you, and remaine " Your assured friend, " (signed) Derby. " Chester. April 8th, " 1661." From the Calendar of State Papers we have the following : — " 1661, August 19. Grant with survivorship to James Phillips and Endymion his son, of the office of Constable and Porter of Flint Castle, void by the death of Thomas Edwards. " 1664, September. Grant to Ralph Whitley, in reversion after Thomas Edwards, of the office of Constable of Flint Castle, fee ^^lo, and for the Keepership of the Gaol, fee £6 is. 6d.'" On the death of Sir Henry Conway, Sir Thomas Hanmer, who had previously been returned for the Boroughs in 1640, succeeded to the representation of the County. Sir Thomas died in 1678, and " Mutton Davies, Esq.," was elected in his stead. This gentleman was born 19th February, 1634, and was the son of 10 146 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Robert Davis (the High Sheriff, to whom the letter of. Roger Whitley is addressed), of Gwysaney, and on the death of his lather succeeded to that estate, and also in right of his mother, Ann, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Peter Mutton (or Mytton), Kt., to that of Llauox/i. He assisted his father to defend Gwysaney, which was besieged by Sir William Brereton, and surrendered to that general, 12th April, 1645. He was taken prisoner, and detained at Chester, but was released 29th January, 1659. He was High Sheriif in 1670, and in 1674 was appointed a Deputy- Lieutenant of the County. He died in November, 1684, and was buried at Mold, in which church there is a mural monument to his memory. He travelled in Italy for some time, and there is an old Welsh legend about an incident which occurred to him when there. It was he who made the Italian garden at Llaiiercli, which Pennant mentions as being "the astonishment of rustic spectators." Through the kindness of Mr. Cooke we are favoured with the following copy of a letter from his an- cestor, Mytton Davies to Thomas Edwards, Esq., of Rhual;' date 1 2th March, 1680 : — " Mar. 1 2th, '80. " Dear Bro"., " I much wonder that the K's^ coming unexpectedly among those gent" you mention (all drunk, as the story go's), should prevaile so much upon the beliefe of either friend or adversaries as to occasion those romances that fly about Town. I thought to prevent the same in the Country by giving my bro"^ Pen' ^ a particular relation of it, who I doubt hath not been so communicative as usually he is, els you and others would not have been put to conjecture the truth of the passage, which in short was thus : there were half a dozen gentl'", most of your acquaintance, treated at dinner by Mr. Chiffins,^ whose chamber is under the King's, and about an hour or two after dinner, about candle light (for it was in Jan>', and we dined late), the K*-' (I suppose privatly informed of the company), honour'd us with his presence ; when we all with profound respect (and no mimicall gestures, as your author has it) kept his hand : he pleasantly said he came to drink a glasse of wine with us, and it should be to the happy meeting of his Pari™' at Oxford, where he would go as far as any man (that was his expression) for the preservation of the protestant relligion as by law establish'd, and the utter extirpation of popery, whereupon S'' Tho'*. Vernon said, 'Amen, and Presbytery too,' to which the K. rejoyn'd, with all my heart, for I have ' Thomas Edwards of Rhual, near Mold, Flintshire, married 2nd August, 1672, Jane Davies, of Gwysaney ; they were married in the private chapel in Gwysaney House. ■ The King is Charles II. ^ "My bro"^ Pen'." was Pyers Pennant, of Bychton, co. Flint, who married, 3nl September, 1656. Katherine Davies, of Gwysaney. ' "Mr. Chiffins" is Mr. Chiffinch {vide Macaulay's Hist., vol. i., pp. 438 and 453). Query. Was Sir Thomas Vernon son of Sir George Vernon, of Hodnet, co. Salop ? THE COMMONWEALTH AND RESTORATION. I47 smarted from those people already ; afterwards the discourse leading his Majt'' to tell us how the Irish bill had like to have miscarried had he not put the Cham'' in mind of it, I took the occasion to say that not only we there present, but the royallest part of the kingdom, were infinitly oblig'd to his Maj'>' for his care in that particular ; and if we were not bound by higher obligations, yet the sense of that should cause us to stand by him with our lives and fortunes. This was that speech over which the gentleman you mention and his mimick made so wide a mouth. This was all that pass't, unless it were some occasionall discourse. Only pardon the vanity if I tell you that when at first I kiss'd amongst the rest his Maj*y'" hand, and Mr. Chiffins telling him my name, the King said he knew Mr. Davies to be an honest man. Pray pardon this tedious story, which hath help'd to fill my letter as it did yours, and with service to our friends at Rhual, I rest yours, &c., "M. Davies. " Commend me kindly to Councillor Ned, whose condition when you writt your letter shall be printed when the first volume of his drunken reports comes out. I am sure, had he swallow'd downe law in his lifetime as freely as he hath done ale, Plowden had been a foole to him." Mr. Davies and Colonel Whitley continued to represent the two constituencies until the last Parliament of Charles II., when " Sir John Hanmer, Kt. and Bart.," was elected for the County, and "Thomas Whitley, Esq.," for the Boroughs. The former was the third Bart, of his family. He advanced ;£6oo to aid in the restoration of the King, and was named as one of the intended Knights of the Royal Oak. He was appointed " Keeper of the game in the Crown Lordships of the six counties of North Wales." He got together a body of sixty horse when the King was expected in 1660; and in 1684 his cavalry are mentioned in the progress of the first Duke of Beaufort, as Lord President of Wales, thus : "The Flintshire troop was led by Sir John Hanmer, Bart., an excellent horse officer, whose equipage, sumpters, led horses caparisoned, etc., were very noble, and altogether like a soldier being so mounted himself." Sir John's name not unfrequently occurs in Grey's Parliamentary Debates. In Lingard's History of England he is mentioned, together with Lord Cavendish, after- wards first Duke of Devonshire, as engaged in a fierce party dispute in committee, in which swords were drawn ; and which caused the Speaker suddenly to resume the chair "without order," to put an end to it. In 1670 he was one of the Commissioners of the Navy. He was Member for Evesham before his election for Flint. Thomas Whitley was the son of Colonel Roger Whitley. In 1664, Henry Thomas was appointed Perpetual Curate of the Parish. He was succeeded in 1677 by John Jones, who died on the 17th April, 1685, and was buried at Flint. He is described in the entry of his burial in the Parish Register as " Rector of Flint." 148 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. The following is a catalogue of the names of the Justices on the Commission of the Peace for the County of Flint in 1680 : — "Isaac, Lord Bishop of St. Asaph ; Sir George Jefferies, etc.; George John- son, Esquire, etc.; Sir John Salisbury, Baronet ; Sir Roger Mostyn, Baroftet ; Sir Thomas Middleton, Knight ; Sir John Hanmer, Knight ; Sir John Trevor, Knight, one of his Majesty's Coimcil. learned in the Law ; Sir Thomas Hanmer. Knight ; Sir Kenrick Eyton, Knight ; Robert Powell, Doctor of Divinity; Kenrick Eyton, the younger, Attorney-General for the County; William Price, Mutton Davies, Thomas Hanmer de la Pons, Edward Ravenscroft, William Mostin, William Griffith, Robert Whitley, Roger Whitley, John Salisbury, Thomas Lloyd, William Hanmer, Richard Parry, Thomas Evans. Thomas Cratchley, William Rutter, Owen Barton, Thomas Griffith of Careivys, Thomas Eyton of Lees-wood, John Wynne, Edward Penant, Thomas Edwards of Rhyoal, John Broughton, John Salisbury, Esquires. " The following were formerly in commission, but are now left out : — "George, Duke of Buckingham, Thomas Ravenscroft, Thomas Mostin, Ralph Whitley, Charles Jones, Esquires" It is not recorded that James II. passed through Flint, on his way to Saint Winifred^ s Well at Holywell, but many Flintshire families are known to have sympathised with him and his son, the "Pretender." We believe there is a shield or piece of plate at MosTYN bearing the arms of those families. In the Parliament of this reign, Sir John Hanmer was again returned, but this time for the Boroughs, and Sir John Conway, Bart., of Bodrhyddan, for the County. Sir John Conway was a great supporter in after years of the House of Hanover, all his neighbours being strong Jacobites. He represented his native County in the Parliaments of 1695-8 and 1705, and the Boroughs in those of 1701-8-10-13-14. He died in 1721, and his daughter succeeded to his estates. His grand-daughter married Watkin Williams, M.P. for Flint Boroughs, hereafter mentioned ; and his great-great-grandson. Colonel Shipley, who will also be presently referred to, was returned for the same constituency in 1807. In the following Parliament Sir Roger Puleston, Kt.,of Emral, was elected Knight of the Shire. He was born in 1663, the son of Roger Puleston, of Emral, by Jane, daughter of Sir Roger Mostyn, and co-heir of her mother. Prudence, daughter and heir of Sir Martin Lumley, of London, Kt. In the same Parliament Sir John Hanmer for the third time was returned for the Boroughs. CHAPTER IX. FLINT DURING THE REVOLUTION—LISTS OF THE RECTORS, CHURCHWARDENS, OVERSEERS, AND GUARDIANS.— EXTRACTS FROM THE PARISH RECORDS. Of Flintshire men, Sir John Hanmer took a prominent part in the Revolution which placed William and Mary on the throne. James II. includes him by name among his adversaries in the St. Germain's Notes, published in Macpherson's State Papers. He distinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne. Afterwards his name appears in Story's list of King William's general officers in Ireland. He was also elected for Carlingford, and hence it was that in the Parliament of 1690 Thomas Whitley was again elected for the Boroughs, and Sir Roger Puleston for the County ; which latter seat he exchanged in 1695 for the Boroughs, and Sir John Conway was again elected for Flintshire. Sir Roger warmly supported Baron Price (afterwards Justice of the Common Pleas) in the House of Commons, in his opposition to the King's grant of the Welsh Lordships to the Earl of Portland, which grant was revoked. Sir Roger died in 1697, and Mr. Thomas Ravenscroft, of the Bretton family, was elected in his stead. He died in the year following his election. He was the last of his line who were Members for Flint. The following is the inscription on a monu- ment to his memory in Hawarden Church : — "Here lieth the Body of/ Thomas Ravenscroft, / of .5r^flrt7(z«(', in the County of Flint, Esq., /the only son of Edward Ravenscroft, Esq., /who departed this life the 3d day of/ May, A.D. 1698, / in the 28th year of his age. / In the year 1691, he married Honora, / the only daughter of Ralph Sneyd, of/ Keel Hall, in the County of Stafford, Esq., /by whom he had issue one Son, Thomas, / and three Daughters, Honora, Catherine, and Ann. / He died in the service of his Country, a Member / of Parliament, and lamented by all that knew / him ; he was a kind Husband and Father, / Just to his word and Friend. " / Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus. / 150 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. The son died in 1698, and the daughter Ann in childhood. As the name " Ravenscroft " frequently occurs in the list of Members and Sheriffs of Flint, we here give the descent of the family from Mr. Willett's History of Hawarden. "Sir John Glynne, Bart., married Honora, daughter of Henry Conway, soil and heir of Sir John Conway, of Bodrhyddan. This Honora' was the daughter of Henry Conway, Esq. , and Honora Ravenscroft, co-heiress with her sister Catherine. These co-heiresses were the daughters of Thomas Ravenscroft, M.P., and Honora Sneyd, married in 1691 ; which Thomas, was the son of Edward Ravenscroft and Ann Lloyd, the daughter of Sir Richard Lloyd, of Esclusham, married 1669, the son of Col. Thomas Ravenscroft and Margaret Salisbury, married in 1638. the son of Robert Ravenscroft and Elizabeth Main- waring. Robert died 1640, he was the son of Thomas Ravenscroft and Catherine Brereton married in 1588, the son of George Ravenscroft, of Bretton and Broad Lane, and Dorothy Davies (of the Gwysaney family). George died 1592, which George was the son and heir of Thomas Ravenscroft, son of George Ravenscroft, son of Ralph Ravenscroft, son of Henry Ravenscroft. son of Hugh Ravenscroft, who was steward of Hopedale, and of the Lordships of Hawarden and Mold, and about the year 1440 married Isabel, the daughter and heiress of Ralph Holland, of Bretton, and Rose, his wife, daughter and heiress of John Skiffington, son of William Skiffington. and of Mary, his wife, daughter and heiress oi Hugh Brickhull ; and by this match Hugh Ravenscroft became the ancestor of the Ravenscrofts of Bretton. He was the descendant of Richard de Ravenscroft, of the Manor of Ravenscroft, nr. Middlewich." In the Parliaments of 1698 and January 1701, Sir John Conway was returned for the County, and "Thomas Mostyn, Esq.," for the Boroughs, unopposed. Thomas Mostyn was the second son of Sir Thomas Mostyn, the 2nd Bart, of that family, and married Margaret the eldest daughter and heiress of .William Mostyn of Rhyd, in Flintshire. He died without issue 21 December, 1737- In December, 1701, Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., was elected for the County, and Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., for the Boroughs, without opposition ; but the latter being also elected for Thetford, county Norfolk, he chose to sit for that constituency, and Sir John Con- way was chosen in his stead for Flintshire. Sir Roger Mostyn was the 3rd Bart., and subsequently was appointed, by Queen Anne, Paymaster of the Forces ; and by George I. one of the Tellers of the Exchequer. He married Essex, eldest daughter of Daniel, Earl of Nottingham, by whom he had six sons and six daughters. He died 4th May, 1739. He was appointed Constable of Flint Castle, and evidently took an interest in the Borough ; for it was through his influence that the last confirmation of the Borough Charters was obtained, as is evidenced by the Confir- mation itself The Corporation silver Mace is of this date, and the monograms of William and Mary on each side of the Royal ' This lady also, through her paternal ancestors, was a descendant of the Percies, Earls of Northumberland. See Notes and Queries, Jan., 1883. FLINT DURING THE REVOLUTION. 151 Arms on the crown of the Mace are very curious. It is possible that Sir Roger may have presented it to the Town. Its extreme length is twenty-six inches. We give a full-length drawing of it, and another of its crown. The following is a copy of the Confir- mation, which will be found upon the Charter Rolls at the Public Record Office, Fetter Lane, London : — "19 Dec, 1700. Exemplification of Letters Patent, jTranted 5th Nov. 2 and 3 Ph. and Mary, confirming the Charter granted by Edward the First to the Town and Borough of Flint. THE MACE. THE CROWN OF THE MACE, SHOWING THE ARMS AND MONOGRAM OF WILLIAM AND MARV. "William the Third, by the Grace of God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc., to all to whom Our present Letters shall come, Greeting. We have inspected the Enrolment of certain Letters Patent of Confirmation, bearing date at Westminster the fifth day of November, in the second and third years of the Reigns of the late King and Queen Philip and Mary, made and granted to the Burgesses of the Town of Flint, enrolled in the Rolls of our Chancery, and there remaining of Record, in these words : — The King and Queen to all to whom, etc. , Greeting. We have inspected the Letters Patent of the Lord Edward, formerly King of England, Our Progenitor, made in these words : — Edward, by the Grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Sheriffs, Provosts, Ministers, 152 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. and all Bailiffs and his faithful (people), Greeting. Know Ye that We Will and grant (and so on, repeating the words of the Charter, and concluding) Given by Our hand at Flint, the eighth day of September, in the twelfth year of Our Reign. We also, holding firm and valid the aforesaid Letters and all and singular the things contained in the same, for Us and Our heirs, as much as in Us lies, accept and approve them, and to Our beloved now Burgesses of the same Our Town of Flint, and to their heirs and successors. Burgesses of the Town aforesaid, do ratify and confirm the same, as the aforesaid Letters in themselves reasonably testify. In Witness whereof, etc. — Witness the King and Queen at Westminster, the fifth day of November, in the second and third years of the Reigns of the King and Queen Philip and Mary, for forty shillings paid in the Hanaper. We also the tenor of the premisses aforesaid, at the request of Roger Mostin, Baronet, and of the Burgesses of the Town aforesaid, have caused to be exemplified by these Presents. In Witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent. Witness Our self at West- minster, the nineteenth day of December, in the twelfth year of Our Reign." The following is a list of the Commissioners of Taxes for Flint- shire [1689], 2 William and Mary : — " The Right Honourable Sir John Trevor, Speaker of the House of Covimons and First Lord Commissioner of the great Seal of England, Sir John Hanmer, Knight and Bai-onct, Str John Conway, Sir Evan Lloyd, Sir Thomas Mostyn, Sir William Glyn, Sir Robert Cotton, Sir Richard Middleton, Baronets ; Sir William Williams, Knight and Baronet^ Sir Robert Owen, Knight, Sir Roger Puleston, Knight, Col. Roger Whitley, Col. William Price, Col. Thomas Whitley, Cot. Thomas Salisbury, William Hanmer, Thomas Carter, Thomas Hanmer, Robert Davies, William Lloyd, John Llangley, John Broughton, Edward Lloyd of Fathin, Richard Mostyn, Thomas Eyton, George Hope, John Hope, John Winn, Hugh Griffith, Owen Barton, Peirce Pennant, Thomas Evans, Thomas Whitley, Kenrick Eyton. Jerrick Eyton, Edward Lloyd, John Grosvenor, Edward Ravenscroft, Edward Kinaston, Edward Morgan, Richard Parrie, William Ruttler, Thomas Williams, Esquires; Owen Barton, Roger Mostyn, Ellis Young, Lloyd, Twisleton, William Griffith, Thomas Jones, Peter Winn, Roger Jones, John Pennant, Thomas Foulkes, Josiah Jones, Thomas Lloyd, Roger Edwards, Thomas Lloyd, Thomas Critchley, Roger Pennant Williams, Thomas Salisbuiy, John Winn of Farin, John Puleston of Pickhill, Roger Davies, Gentlemen.^' In the first Parliament held in the reign of Queen Anne, Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., was returned for the County, and Sir Roger Mostyn for the Boroughs. Sir Roger was at the same time returned also (as a Tory) for Cheshire, for which latter con- stituency he elected to serve; and his uncle, who had previously, in 1698, represented Flint, was returned in his stead. During the remainder of the reign Sir Roger and Sir John Conway sat respectively, the one for the County, and the other for the Boroughs. Sir Thomas Hanmer was born at Bettisfield, 24th of Septem- ber, 1677. In 1698, he married Isabella, Duchess of Grafton and Countess of Arlington, whose estate of Euston in Suffolk he held for his life. The Suffolk neighbourhood of Mildenhall, FLINT DURING THE REVOLUTION. 155 which Sir Thomas inherited from his mother's family of North, most likely brought about his first acquaintance with her. She died in 1723; and he married secondly Miss Elizabeth Folkes, of Barton, co. Suffolk, whom also he survived. He died 7th of May, 1746, without issue by either of his marriages. After sitting for Flintshire, he represented Suffolk as long as he was in the House of Commons. He was a distinguished politician and man of letters, and took a very prominent part in the govern- ment of the country. He was Speaker of the House of Commons in 1 7 12. He published an edition of Shakespeare, which Dr. Johnson speaks of approvingly. There is a mural monument to his memory in Hanmer Church, with a long Latin inscription which Dr. Johnson is said to have paraphrased thus : — " Near his ancestral shades he buried lies, The grave, the gay, the witty, and the wise," etc., etc. We were favoured by the late Lord Hanmer with a copy of the following letter from Sir Thomas to his cousin, William Hanmer, of Fens, referring to his sudden summons from Bettisfield on the death of Queen Anne, and to the then impending election on the accession of George L ; and which relates to one of those arrange- ments among the local gentry which were formerly made, but which were not always very agreeable to electors, even when best intended ; and which, in these days, happily, would be of little avail. " EusTON, A^ov. 13, 1714. "Dear Cousin, — The unfortunate necessity which hurried me away from Bettisfield so suddainly, prevented me from speaking to you upon many things which I desired to have done. And now the near approach of elections calls upon me to inform you with what has passed on that subject with relation to the county of Flint, that you may not be a stranger to it. Befoie the time of choosing the present Parliament, it was considered that the last agreement of the county was expired, and therefore if possible to lay the foundation of another. Lord Bulkeley, Sir John Conway, Sir Roger Mostyn, and myself, acting also for you as you have heretofore entrusted me, took an opportunity at London of talking together concerning it. The intention was to preserve peace and good neighbourhood among us, and the terms which were then proposed and consented to by all then present were these— that all parts of the former agreement should be renewed and stand good, with this alteration and addition only, that whenever within the new term, which was to be the same with the former, it should be Sir John Conway's turn to serve, either for the county or the borough, it might be in his choice to doe it himself, or name another gentleman belonging to the county, and agreeable to the rest of the gentlemen of it. This proposition had the consent of all us who were then present, if the other gentlemen who were not there and if the countrey had no objection to it, when it should be made to them ; and I thought we were obliging you by endeavouring to establish quiet and a good correspondence in the countrey. for I have always heard you express it as your earnest desire that occasions of difference might be prevented. Whatever has passed since in the 154 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. countrey, you are likely to know better than I, and, as I imagine there will now be another meeting amongst you before the election, I hope no occasion will be given of breaking the good intelligence which is always wished by, ' ' Dear Cousin, " Your most affectionate humble servant, "ThO. HANME.i." Queen Anne died early on Sunday morning, ist of August, 1 7 14. Secretary Bromley sent by special messenger a letter to the Speaker {Sir Thomas), to inform him thereof, and to sun'mon him to London at once. The letter was delivered in Ha'Imer Church, and the Speaker immediately left with the messeng( r. In the year 1705, Sir John Trevor was appointed Constat le of the Castle. Sir John was the second, but only surviving son of John Trevor, Esq., of Brynkynalt, Denbighshire, by Mary Jefferies, the aunt of Judge Jefferies. He was called to the bar in May, 1661, and knighted in 1671. There is no doubt he was indebted to his cousin, the judge, for some of his pre- ferments. On the accession of King James II., he was nade Speaker of the House of Commons, and in the October following he was appointed Master of the Rolls. While Speaker, during the reign of King William, he is recorded to have been the first to manage a party by buying votes, for which purpose he was entrusted with money by the Court; but in 1694-5 was exp(;lled the House, for receiving a bribe of a thousand guineas from the City of London, to expedite the passing of a bill which had stuck. The Commons designed to have impeached him, but the affair dropped by the prorogation of Parliament. He had to put the question to the House, "that Sir John Trevor, Speaker of the House, by reason of receiving a gratuity from the City of London, etc., was guilty of a high crime and misdemeanor." Mr. Foss, in his " Judges of England" says : — "The only honour he received in the reign of Queen Anne was that of Constable of Flint Castle in 1705, in the place of his father-in-law, Sir Roger Mostyn. He died 20th of May, 17 17, at his house in Clements L-ne, and was buried in the Rolls Chapel. He married Jane, daughter of Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., and the widow of Roger Puleston, of Emral, in Flint- shire ; and had by her four sons and a daughter, who, by her marriage with Michael Hill, of Hillsborough, in Ireland, was the mother of Arthur, first Viscount Dungannon, who, succeeding to his grandfather's estates, took the name Trevor. Anne, the daughter of Arthur, was the mother of the great Duke of Wellington." So that the "Iron Duke" not only had Flintshire blood in his veins, but was the descendant of two former Constables of Flint Castle. The present owner of Brynkynalt, Lord Arthur Edwin Hill-Trevor, who succeeded to the estates of the late Viscount Dungannon, married Lady Maria Windsor, daughter of Other, LIST OF THE RECTORS. 1 55 5th Earl of Plymouth, and a descendant of another Constable of Flint Castle. In vol. ii. of the " Calendar of Treasury " Papers we find the following entry, but we can give no information as to it : — " 1707, April 22. The Report of Sir Edward Northey, Attorney-General to the Lord High Treasurer, on the memorial of Sir John Trevor. Constable of the Castle of Flint, and, as such, Mayor of the Tozau and Borough of Flint. The matters of fact as stated in the memorial. It would be for Her Majesty's service, and for the preservation of Her Majesty's rights, a/id the peace of the Toavn 0/" Flint, that the prosecutions therein mentioned should be taken care of by Her Majesty's solicitor of law prosecutions. Order according to the Report:' The Parish Register Book No. 2 commences in 1707, and ends in 1726. No. 3 includes the period 1727 — 1764. The Churchwarden's Accounts, and the Accounts of the Overseers of the Poor, begin as before stated in 1707. There are four books relating to the Church Rates and Churchwardens' Accounts, and seven books giving the Poor's Rate Assessments and the Overseers' Accounts. From these and from No. i Register Book we have compiled the following lists of Rectors, Churchwardens, Overseers, and Guardians, which we believe to be the most perfect hitherto published. The names of the Churchwardens for the years 1829 — 1833 inclusive are wanting, as also are those of the Over- seers for the same period and for the years 1846- — 1866, for which latter interval the names of the Guardians are likewise missing. The books relating to these dates are not to be found. We only give extracts from the 'earlier registers and books, so as not to infringe upon the rights of the present officers of the parish ; but these will enable our readers to form some idea of the contents of the parish muniments in general. We regret that we have not space to print the contents of all the registers and other parish books in full. We trust that some one will ere long do so, for the benefit of the public generally, and of the historian and genea- logist in particular. Rectors. 1603. John Prosser. 1677. John Jones.* 1620. Henry Morgan. I707- Humphrey Howell. 1624. Edward Jones. 1712. Benjamin Conway,' A.M. 1627. Richard Spicer. 1718. John Myddelton. 1641. Henry Morris. 1726. Robert Tamberlain. *" 1648. Edward Evans.* 1766. George Davies.*' 1657. — Owens. 1823. Chetwood Crewe Davies. 1664. Henry Thomas. 1824. Henry Jones, M.A.'' * Buried in Flint Churchyard. ' Warden of Ruthin, 1713 ; V. Northop, 1717. V. Llannefydd, 1730; R. Llanferras, 1743. ^ R. Llanerfyl, 1776. ■* V. Northop, 1825. iS6 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. 1825. William Maddock Williams, M.A.' 1840. T. B. LI. Browne,- M.A. 1850. Thomas Williams,' M.A. 1865. Evan Jenkins,^ M.A. 1880. William Llevvhelyn Nicholas, M.A., Jesus Coll., Oxford; Deac., 1873; Pr., 1874; Curate of Rhyl, 1873. CHURCHWARDENS. 1707. 1708 to I7II. I7I2. 1713- 1714 and 1715- 1716 and 1717. 1719 and 1720. 1721. 1722. 1723. 1724. 1725. 1726. 1727. 1728. 1729 and 1730- 1731- 1732. Humphrey Jones. Dan. Peck. Benjamin Perrin. Kendrick Jones. David Edwards. Edward Jones, of Waen Issa. Thomas Hughes. William Williams. Kenrick Jones. William Pritchard Joseph Hughes. Benjamin Hughes. Edward Jones. Robert Jones. Roger Roberts. Robert Hughes. Roger Roberts. Thomas Hughes. Thomas Hughes. William Williams. Michael Williams. James Evans. James Evans. Thomas Pierce. Thomas Pierce. John Nicholas. John Nicholas. Benjamin Hughes. William Pritchard. John David. Robert Pritchard. Edward Davies. William Williams. Benjamin Hughes. Benjamin Hughes. William Williams. 1733- 1734- 1735- 1736. 1737- 1738. 1739- 1740. 1741. 1742. 1746 and 1747. 1748. 1749 and 1750. 1752. 1754- 1755- 1756. 1757- 1758 and 1759- 1760 and 1761. Benjamin Hughes. Peter Williams. Robert Pritchard. Edward Parry. Robert Pritchard. Thomas Booley. Thomas Jones. David Jones. Thomas Jones. Edward Davies. Edward Davies. Richard Jones, '"the other Warden being dead." Richard Jones. Richard Hughes. Richard Craft. Thomas Humphreys. Richard Jones. John Parry. Richard Craft. Thomas Bayliff. Thomas Bayliff. TBomas Allen. Thomas Bayliff. Thomas Bayliff. John Nicholas. Thomas Bayliff. John Parry. Owen Jones. John Parry. John Parry. Owen Jones. George Thomas. Richard Jones. George Thomas. Peter Leach. ' R. Halkyn, 1839; R. Llanfechain, 1851. - R. Bodvari, 1850. 3 V. Northop, 1865. * R. Manafon, 1880. LIST OF CHURCHWARDENS. 157 1762. 1763- 1764 and 1765. 1766. 1767. 1768 to 1770. 1771 to 1773- 1774 to 1776. 1777 and 1778. 1779 and 1780. 1781 to 1793- 1794 to 1800. 1801 to 1812. 1813 to I8I5. 1816 to I8I8. I8I9. 1820 to 1824. 1825. 1826. 1827. William Shackfield. Joseph Cash. Thomas Pierce. Stephen Evans. Stephen Evans. Edward Ledsham. Thomas Bayliff. Joseph Jones. Richard Pierce. George Lewis. Samuel Davies. John Thomley. William Shackfield. John Lewis. Thomas Parry. William Jones. John Kenrick. Richard Craft, jr. Richard Craft. William Williams. David Davies. Daniel Jones. John Hughes. Edward Evans. Thomas Hughes. John Jones. Thomas Ledsham. Peter Kendrick. Thomas Ledsham. J. B. Tipton. Thomas Ledsham. Richard Hughes. Edward Pierce. John Williams. Robert Evans. Thomas Roberts. George Jones. John Williams. 1828. 1834. 1835- 1836. 1837. 1838 and 1839. 1840 and 1841. 1842 to 1848. 1849 to I85I. 1852. 1853 to 1857- 1858 to 1863. 1864 to 1867. 1868 to 1872. 1873. 1874 and 1875- 1876 to 1880. 1881 and 1882. 1883. Michael Parry. Benjamin Ledsham. Thomas Parry. Peter Bibby. William Hughes. Robert Bithel. Joseph Evans, Grocer. Daniel Evans, Mount Pleasant. Joseph Evans. Benjamin Ledsham, Joiner. Edward Roberts, Farmer. Charles Lloyd. Bennett Williams. Robert Evans. Richard Jones. John Jones. Bryn. Thomas Ingleby Dyson, Thomas Gleave. Michael Parry. Thomas Gleave. Edward Williams. Thomas Gleave. Thomas Lewis. Bryn Edwin. Thomas Gleave. Thomas Bibby. Thomas Bibby. Edward Williams. Edward Williams. Peter Bibby. Edward Williams. Robert Jones, Cross Foxes. Robert Jones. Joseph W. M. Evans. Joseph W. M. Evans. Peter Bibby. Joseph Wm. Evans. Robert Jones, Cross Foxes. ^58 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Overseers of the Poor. 1749. Thomas Bayliff. 1780. Richard Craft. 1750. Thomas Bayliff. 1781. Peter Leach. 1752. Peter Leach. 1782. ^755 Richard Jones. ^^"l ^Robert Simon. 1783- 1756.*' 1757. John Davies. 1784. John Jones. 1758. Edward Davies. 1785. Edward Williams. 1759. Daniel Seaman. 1786. William Shackfield. 1760. Thomas Parry. 1787. Richard Jones. 1 761. Thomas Parry. 1788. Richard Craft. 1762. Owen Jones. 1789. Peter Lewis. 1763. George Thomas. 1790. Richard Lewis. 1764. John Hughes. 1791. John Ellis. 1765. David Davies. 1792. Jeremiah Thomley. 1766. John Cli'ddro'. 1793- Thomas Parry. 1767. Hugh Totty. 1794. Robert Voice. 1768. David Hughes. 1795- William Roberts. 1769. David Hughes. 1796. Stephen Evans. 1770. Thomas Pierce. 1797. William Williams. 1 77 1. John Thomley. 1798. Thomas Parry. 1772. George Lewis. 1799. Watkin Williams. 1773. John Lewis. 1800. John Hughes. 1774. John Ellis. 1801. William Jones. 1775. Richard Craft, junr. 1802. 1776. Humphrey Foulkes. 1777. William Shackfield. 1803. Edward Edwards. 1778. John Jones. 1804. Joseph Hughes. 1779. Joseph Simon. 1805. Peter Lewis. . Daniel Jones. John Hughes. Edward Jones. Richard Nicholas. John Kenrick. Thomas Parry. Thomas Bibby. Edward Davies. Humphrey Lloyd. Thomas Bellis. Richard Bibby. Thomas Parry. John Hughes. Thomas Bellis. John Pierce. Josiah Thomley. Thomas Roberts. Samuel Kenrick. Thomas Hughes. Edward Edwards. Edward Jones. David Davies. Edward Shackfield. Richard Craft. William Williams. Richard Nicholas. Humphrey Foulkes. John Jones. Edward Ledsham. Robert Rogers. Thomas Pieixe. Thomas Parry. Thomas Axson. John Jones. Thomas Parry. John Pierce. Edward Evans. Thomas Parry, Cooper. Thomas Prichard. Thomas Parry, Coed Onn. George Lewis. John Hughes. John Thomley. William Williams. Josiah Thomley. John Hughes. John Jones. Edward Evans. Robert Humphreys. Thomas Hughes. Thomas Bellis. Sampson Roberts. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 159 1806.. Humphrey Foulkes. Jane Craft. 1836. 1807. Thomas Ledsham. John Owens. 1837- 1808. George Jones. John Williams. 1838. 1809. Richard Hughes. Edward Pierce. 1839. 1 810. John Hughes. Joseph Hughes. 1840. i8ii. James Davies. Peter Kendrick. 1841. 1812. Thomas Hughes. William Jones. 1842. 1813. David Davies. Thomas Jones. 1843. 1814. Leonard Craven. John Williams. 1844. 1815. Edward Shackfield. Thomas Bellis. 1845. 1817. John Jones. John Jones. 1867. 1818. Thomas Jones. John Thomley. 1868. 1819. John Bibby. Thomas Parry. 1820. Humphrey Jones. Edward Lewis. 1869. 1821. Sampson Roberts. Edward Evans. 1870. 1822. Thomas Roberts. 1871 Michael Parry. and 1823. Joseph Hodgkinson. 1872. John Owens. 1873- 1824. Edward Pierce. Edward Lewis, Esq. 1874. 1825. Edward Roberts. Edward Eyton. 1826. David Griffiths. 1875 Joseph Hughes. to 1827. . Robert Jones. 1879. Joseph Jones. 1880. 1828, , Peter Bibby. Evan Jones. 1881 1834, . George Jones. and Thomas Williams. 1882. 183s . Richard Taylor. Robert Griffiths, Bryn y Garreg. 1883, Humphrey Jones. John Owens, Waen. Henry Davies. W'illiam Roberts. Godfrey Jones. Thomas Dyson. William Dyson. John Griffiths. Godfrey Jones. Richard Jones. Robert Evans. William Hodgkinson. Thomas Ledsham. Joseph Jones, Smith, Flint Mountain. George Potts Roskeli. Edward Williams. John Jones, Engineer. Eli Williams, Butcher. J. C. Jones, Timber Merchant. Enoch Gi^atton, Butcher. Robert Jones. Edward Bevan. Robert Jones, " Cross Foxes." Robert Williams, "Old Anchor." Robert Williams. Maurice Roberts. Robert Williams. Edward Hughes, " Raven." Robert Williams. John Jones, Castle Street. John Jones. Robert Williams Bowen. Robert Williams Bowen. Thomas Hughes, " White Horse." R. W. Bowen. Richard Evans. Richard Evans. Edward Hughes, " Raven." Richard Evans. Robert Jones (Bradford House). , Robert Jones ,, Thomas Roberts, Green Farm. i6o HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Guardians. 1837. Mr. Robert Eyton. David Scott, Esq. 1846. Joseph Evans. Charles Lloyd. 1867. 1868 to 1878. Michael Parry. , John Davies. Edward Williams, Parry, deceased. John Davies. Edward Williams. vice M. and 1^0^^'^'^ Hughes. 1880. p*^'^"^ ^^^^y- 1 88 1. Peter Bibby. Thomas Jones. 1882. Thomas Jones. Samuel Wilkinson. 1883. Thomas Jones, Postmaster. Robert Evans, Pentre. Registers. Baptisms. 1714. Feb. 5. John, son of Edward Salsbury. 1720. Dec. 26. Margaret, daughter of John Myddelton and Mary his wife, born 2ist Dec. 1722. July 27. Frances, dau. of John and Mary Myddelton, born 25th July. 1723. Aug. 16. Richard, son of Benj. Perrin, junr., of Farm, and Jane his wife. 1723. Dec. 6. John, son of John and Mary Myddelton. 1724. Aug. 30. Roger, son of John Myddelton. 1727. Jan. 2. Edward, son of John Myddleton, Rector of Halkin. 1731. July 6. Ann, daughter of William Butler of Cornist, gentleman, and Margaret his wife. 1732. June 27. Edward, son of William Butler of Cornist, gentleman, and Margaret his wife. 1732. June 28. Thomas, son of Thomas Myddelton. 1733. July 13. William, son of William Butler of Cornist, gentleman (deceased), and Margaret his wife. 1735. May 23. Mary, daughter of Robert Tamberlain, clerk, and Maria (or Mary) his wife. 1736. May 21. Humphrey, son of Robert Tamberlain, clerk, and Mary his wife. 1737. Mar. 29. Roger, the son of Thomas Myddelton and Mary his wife. 1737. Mar. 29. Edward, the son of Robert Salisbury of Cornist, and Elizabeth his wife. 1738. Jan. 16. Mary, the daughter of Robert Tamberlain and Mary his wife. 1739. Jan. Anne, the daughter of Robert Tamberlain and Mary his wife. 1740. Dec. 25. Thomas, the son of Richard Whitley and Magdalene his wife. 1744. April 23. Mary, the dau. of Robert Tamberlain, clerk, and Mary his wife. 1746. July 15. Robert, the son of Robert Tamberlain, clerk, and Mary his wife. 1749. May 16. Elizabeth and Catherine, the daughters of the Rev. Mr. Brere- ton and Elizabeth his wife. 1755. Nov. 9. Thomas, the son of Robert Hanmer, of Mold Parish, and Anne his wife. 1759. Jan. 7. Thomas, the son of Thomas Myddleton and Elizabeth his wife. 1761. Feb. 15. John, the son of Thomas Myddleton and Elizabeth his wife. 1764. Jan. 31. William, the son of Hugh Ingleby of Cornist. EXTRACTS FROM THE PARISH BOOKS. l6l Marriages. 1714. Jan. 3. Bagot Read, Esq., and Margaret, daughter of Hum. Jones, Esq. 1720. Oct. 9. David Jones and Eleanor Parry of Flint, both upwards of So years of age. 1730. Oct. 18. Edward Prichard and Ann Salisbury of Flint. 1731. April 20. Henry Haworth, gentleman, and Dorothy Williams, widow, of Flint. 1733. May 19. The Reverend Mr. Robert Tamberlain and Mistress Mary Jones, of fflynt, spinster, by Benjamin Conway, Vicar of Northop. 1739. April 28. Robert Prichard and Mary Myddleton. 1742. May 7. William Owen, gentleman, and Elizabeth Barthur. 1743. Thomas Starkey and Margaret Maurise. 1744. Aug. 25. John Jones of ffwyney, gentleman, and Susanna Jones of Pen- ralt in Abergelley. 1745. May 14. John Jones, clerk, Rector of Llan St. fraid, and Grace Cham- bers of Henllan. Lie. from Mr. Tam[berlain]. 1753. July 13. Daniel Seaman, gentleman, and Margaret Haworth. Lie. from Mr. Price of Holywell. Burials. 1707. Jan. 13. Roger Salusbury. 1712. Sept. 12. Thomas Venables. 1712. Oct. 3. John Salusbury, gentleman. 1713. June 2. Catherine Middleton of fflynt. 1714. Feb. 14. Anna, wife of Thomas Panton, of Coleshill, gentleman. 1 715. May 26. John, son of Edward Salsbury of Claudd. 1715. Jan 18. Andrew Green of Flint, who left twelve pound for ever to ye poor, and 20^. to be distributed at his burial. 1 71 6. Mar. 30. Thomas Salsbury of Lead Brook, Esq. 1716. Sept. 19. Elizabeth, wife of William Butler of Comist, gentleman. 1 718. Nov. 14. Prudence Myddelton. 1719. Sept. 25. Thomas Estwick. 1 7 19. Nov. 14. John Estwick. 1720. Jan. 12. Catherine, wife of Edward Salusbury of "Claudd.'' 1721. July 17. Nesula I^oberts of Coed Onn. 1722. Sept. 25. Susanna, wife of John Salusbury. 1723. Jan. 8. Frances, infant daughter of John Myddelton. 1729. Mar. 15. Ann, daughter of Thomas Myddelton and Mary his wife, 1730. Feb. 27. Elizabeth, daughter of Grosvenor of Coleshill, and Mary his wife. 1727. Nov. 19. Thomas I\oberts (who died in prison). 1728. Jan. 9. Dorothy Estwick, widow, of Flint. 1728. Jan. 16. Esther Estwick, widow, ofCroesLane. 1728. Feb. 8. Margaret Salisbury, of Balls. 1728. Mar. 4. Jane Patton, sister of Thomas Patton of Coleshill, gentltman. 1728. Mar. 17. Edward Salisbury of Flint. 1728. Mar. 28. Thomas Colewell (who died in prison). 1728. Aug. 3. Edward Salusbury of Claudd. 1729. Dec. 9. Edward Buttler of Cornist, gentleman. 1731. May 20. Mary Myddleton, widow, of Flint Wood. 1731. Nov. 22. Thomas Patton of Coleshill, gentleman. 1731. Mar. 17. Roger, son of Mary Myddleton, widow, of Coleshill. II l62 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. 1733. Mar. 16. William Butler of Cornist, gentleman. 1734. June 19. Mary Estwick of Pentre. 1735. May 28. Mary Tamberlain, infant, of Flint. 1736. Dec. 5. Margarett Salisbury of Pentre. 1736. Dec. II. Anne Estwick of Flint. 1737. Mar. 29. Edward Salisbury, infant, of Cornist. 1737. May 8. Roger Myddleton, infant, of Flint. 1737. May 25. John, the son of Margal-et Estwick of Leadbrook. 1737. Nov. 13. Sarah Myddleton of Flint. 1738. Feb. 10. Thomas Myddleton of Flint. 1738. Feb. 14. Mary Tamberlain of Flint. 1739. May 19. John Salisbury of Flint. 1740. Dec. 2. Henry Mostyn. 1741. Jan. 5. Mary, the wife of William Owen, gent, 1 741. Mar. I. Richard Salisbury. 1742. June 22. Sarah, the wife of Evan Davies of the Castle. _ 1742. July 24. Sarah, the daughter of Margaret Buttler, Cornist. 1743. Jan. 4. Ellen Patton of Coleshill. 1743. J''^"- 7- -Anne Tamberlain, infant. 1749. Oct. 9. Robert Tamberlain, infant. 1750. June 10. Elizabeth, the daughter of Bagot Read, Esq. 1750. July 22. Charlotte, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Brereton. 1754. Jan. ye 8. Benj. Perrin, junr. 1754. May 14. Jane Read, infant, of Chester. 1761. Mar. 3. Anne Buttler of Cornist. 1761. Dec. II. Edward Buttler of Cornist, gentleman. 1761. Dec. 15. Ben. Perrin, of Flint, gentleman. 1761. Dec. 23. Thomas Panton of Flint, gent. 1763. Thomas Myddleton of Flint, gent. '765. Robert Tamberlain, elk., who died the l8th Dec, aged 65. Extracts from the Mimites of the Vestry and Parish Books. " 1707, March 28. is ordered that henceforth no person be buried within (the precincts, or fabric) of the aforesaid Church without the consent of the Churchwardens and Sidesmen for the time being. " 1710, January 17. •'Ordered, that no person belonging to any other Parish shall bury any corpse whatsoever in the said Church or Chapel of Flint without first paying the sum of los., or for burying in the Churchyard, 5s. " 17 1 2, August 14. «• It is ordered and agreed, that from this time forwards no person whatever shall be payd or allowed anything for y^' killing either fox, polecat, hedge- hog, or any other vermin what'r yt is destroyed within the said Parish of Flint afs'd. " 1722, July 14. "At a vestry then held at the Parish Church or Chapel of Flint it was agreed upon and consented to, by the Minister, Churchwardens, and the major part of the parishioners in y*" said Vestry then assembled, that Mr. Williani Butler of St. Bennet's Parish in London may have free liberty to erect (in that part of the South Isle of the afores'' Church that adjoins on y'-' south end of the several pews or seats of Thomas Hughes Esq"" y" present High EXTRACTS FROM THE PARISH BOOKS. 1 63 Sheriff of this County and of Bagot Read Esq'') of y" following Dimensions, viz. from East to West twelve foot and from North to South four foot. He paying therefore to y'' Minister and Churchwardens of y^ said Parish of Flint the sum of twelve pounds, to be by them layed out for y"" use of the Poor of y*^ said Parish for ever, and not encroaching on the right and possession of any person whatsoever. " 1725, June II. " At a Vestry then held at y*" Parish Church or Chappel of Flint, and from thence adjourned to y'' house of Thomas Hughes, it was agreed upon and con- sentedtobyy'^ Minister, Churchwardens, andy"" major part of the Parishioners then and there assembled, that a Lay not exceeding y'' sum of seventeen pounds ten shillings shall be assessed and levy'd upon the Township or Parish of Flint, towards y'' repairing of y° said Church or Chappel, and for y'^ use and relief of y*" Poor of y'^ said Parish, and other necessary incidents for y* year 1 725. Be it remembered that two pounds ten shillings are allowed Roger Roberts, the parish clerke, out of y** above mentioned sum, for ringing y'= eight a clock Bell, cleaning y" church and church linen, and all other services that he used to do heretofore for y" Parish ; and that two pounds ten shillings now be allowed Edward Hughes ; and ten shillings more to Jane Williams, widdow of Thomas Estwick ; and twenty shillings more to Jane Adams ; and two pounds more to Benjamin Davies, a lame child of y** late Joseph Davies of Croes Atti, towards their several inaintenance. Be it also remembered that it was then and there agreed and consented to by the sayd Minister, Churchwardens, and Parishioners then and there assembled as aforesayd, that Mr. Benjamin Perrin, Sen., of Farm, in y*" Parish of Holywell, Gent, may have free liberty to erect a pew or seat in that part of the South Isle of y" aforesayd Church or Chappel (being hitherto common) that adjoins to a seat of Bagot Read, Esq., on y*^ East, extend- ing thence Westward eight foot, and from y'^ South Wall of the sayd Isle seven foot six inches northward. In consideration whereof He y*^ sayd Benjamin Perrin promises to pay toy" sayd Minister and Churchwardens the sume of fifteen pounds of good and lawful money of Great Britain ; to be by them layd out for y" use of the Poor of y" sayd Parish for ever, and not to encroach upon y" Right and possession of any person or persons whatsoever. " 1726, Septr. 17. "Memo : that the money mentioned to have been received from Mr .Green, Mr. Butler, and Mr. Perrin, and Mr. Clecton should be levy'd by y'^ Wardens and accounted in y'' above mentioned sum [^z.c, the amount levied for the Church Rate or Lay]. " 1734, April 15. " At a Public Vestry or Parish Meeting held this day, being Easter Monday, the 15th April, 1734, for the electing Churchwardens for the Parish of ffLiNT, wee whose names are hereunder subscribed, being the major part of the Parishioners of the said Parish paying Scot and Lott, have consented and agreed to the nomination or choice made by Madam Lloyd of Lead- brooke (by her Agent now present) of Robert Pritchard, of Boats, for one of the Churchwardens of y"^ said Parish for this year ensuing ; and of Edward Parry of ffLiNT (at y" nomination of the Minister here) for another Churchwarden of y"* sayd Parish for this year ensuing. And wee take this opportunity to declare wee have hearcl from our fathers and other okl people now dead, and doe believe that the said Mad'me Lloyd and her ancestors, owners of Leadbrooke, hath and have always had y'' nomina- tion or choice of one Churchwarden for the said Parish on every Easter 22 . 8 7 Saturday ,,23 . 5 4 Monday ,, 25 . 5 2 Tuesday .,26 , 4 193 184 121 On Wednesday morning, May 20th, Sir Edward Lloyd declined to continue the poll. Col. Shipley, in his address of thanks, said, — " It was not a seat in Parliament I wanted, for of that I was already pos- sessed ; but I aspired to be the Representative of my native Boroughs I shall make no profession of my public principles ; the five eventful months 176 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. that I sat in Parliament must speak for them. I will venture, however, to affirm that I honour and revere the King, that I love my Country, her Constitution and her Liberties, and am ready to shed the last drop of my blood in her defence. I am firmly attached to our Church Establishment, yet at the same time a warm friend to liberal toleration." In the Poetical Works of Richard Llwyd, " the Bard of Snow- don," will be found a Song addressed to the Burgesses of Flint on this Election. Colonel William Shipley was Lieut.-Col. of the 14th Regt. of Foot, now the Prince of Wales's own (West Yorkshire) Regt. He was the eldest son of the Very Rev. William Davies Shipley, Dean of St. Asaph, by Penelope his wife, daughter of Ellis YoxGE of Bryn Yorkin, and grand-daughter of Sir John Conway, Bart., He married, in 1806, Charlotte, daughter of Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart., and died in 1829. Col. Shipley was succeeded in his estates by his son William, who took the name of Conway in addition to that of Shipley. Col. Shipley was elected 21st Jan- uary, 1807, for the Borough of St. Mawes, Cornwall, but retired on his later return for Flint. At the General Election in 181 2, Col. Shipley retired from the Flint Boroughs, and Sir E. P. Lloyd was returned without oppo- sition, continuing to hold the seat during the remainder of the reign of King George III. The Constables of the Castle who held office during this reign were, Mr. Owen Salusbury Brereton, Mr. Watkin Williams, and Mr. David Pennant. The two former have already been mentioned ; the latter was appointed on the death of Mr. Wil- liams, December 21st, 1809. He was the son of Thomas Pennant, the celebrated naturalist, antiquary, and traveller, and married Louisa, daughter of Sir H. Peyton, Bart. He died in 1841, leaving a grand-daughter (the daughter of his son David, who died in 1835), his only descendant. She married William Basil, then Viscount Fielding, but now Earl of Denbigh, and died without issue in 1853. David Pennant, senior, left by his will to Philip Pennant Pearson, his cousin and godson, the Bodfari and other Pennant estates, in the event of his grand-daughter dying without issue. On Lady Fielding's death, Mr. Pearson succeeded, and assumed the name and arms of Pennant by Royal License. In 1874 he was appointed Constable of Flint Castle, which office he now holds. The remainder of David Pennant's estates passed through Lady Fielding to her husband. The Constable at this time appears only to have exercised his Mayoral authority in holding his annual Court Leet and Baron in the manner described in the Report of the Municipal Corporations Commissioner, hereafter given. EXTRACTS FROM THE COURT LEET BOOKS. 177 There is unfortunately now only one of the Minute Books of this Court Leet and Baron in the hands of the Corporation. Its date is 1783 — 181 5 inclusive. We copy in full certain Minutes of these Courts from this Book for 1 784, and give extracts from others. " At a Court Leet and Court Baron of our Sovereign Lord the King, held at Flint, in and for the Borough of Flint, on the 29th day of September, being the ffeast day of Saint Michael the Archangel, in the twenty-fourth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, King of Great Britain, France,and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord 1784 ; before Owen Salusbury Brereton, Esq., Constable of His Majesty's Castle of Flint and Mayor of the said Borough, and Edward Shackfield and Thomas Roberts, Bailiffs thereof for this last year. "Jno. Phillips, " Depy. Recorder." Names of the Jury Impannelled and Sworn. 1. David Davies. 8. Thomas Parry, Bryn. 2. David Jones. 9. John Roberts. 3. Thomas Hughes. 10. Thomas Parry, Cooper. 4. Thomas Ledsham. Ii. John Bellis. 5. John Pierce. 12. John Hughes. 6. William Williams. 13. Robert Parry. 7. Richard Morris. "We, the Jury afores'' at the s'' Court, do hereby humbly nominate and present Alexander Bibby and Edward Ledsham as proper persons to serve as Baylififs for the Borough of Flint for the year ensuing. " We also present and nominate Peter Pierce and Robert Roberts as proper persons to serve as Constables for the Borough and Liberty of Flint for the year ensuing. " We also present Jeremiah Thomley, Wm. Jones, Richard Craft, Peter Leach, David Jones, Wm. Griffith, Peter Lewis, William Jones Slone, Peter Club, Thomas Hughes, Nant, Mary Thomley, and Robert Llewelyn for inclosing several pieces and closes of the Waste within the Borough and Liberty of Flint, and within the jurisdiction of this Court : therefore, if the same Laclosures are not taken down before the next Court, we do fine and amerce the said several persons to the several and respective sums of money as will be thought proper and adjudged by the Jury attending the next Court, to be paid and applyed to the use of the Corporation of Flint as they shall then think fit. " We also present Robert Roberts, of Maesgwyn, within the Borough of Flint, for not attending at this Court to do his suit and service, he being nominated and appointed at this Court, Petty Constable for the Borough of Flint aforesaid, and for refusing to attend at this Court to be sworn to his said office, he being summon'd by the last Constable to appear for that purpose : therefore we do ffine and amerce the said Robert Roberts to the sum of forty shillings, unless he immediately comes to be sworn to the s'' office. "N.B. — This Constable was sometime afterwar'*'* sworn to the office before a Magistrate. " We also present the Inhabitants of the Town and Borough of Flint for not repairing the ' pinfold ' in the Town and Borough afores^, the same being much out of repair, and reparable by the s'' Inhabitants : therefore, if the same is not sufficiently repaired by the next Court, we amerce the s'' Inhabitants to the sum of 40s. " We also present the Inhabitants of the Town and Borough of Flint for not having ' a pair of Stocks ' within the Town and Borough afores*^* : therefore, if the same is not made by the next Court, we do do ffine and amerce the said Inhabitants to the sum of 30^'. 12 178 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT, " Alexander Bibby and Edwd. Ledsham, sworn Bayliffs for the year ensuing. " Peter Price ) Sw. Constable for y'' Town of Flint. " Robt. Roberts ) Sw. Constable for y*^ Borough and Liberty. " Origl. signed by the aforesaid Jury." The inhabitants of Flint did not comply with the Presentments " to repair the Pinfold " and " erect a pair of Stocks ; " for at the next Court the time for so doing was extended to the following Court, by which time the order of the Court was carried out. The Stocks were placed in front of the old Elizabethan Town Hall, which stood on the site of the present one. We here give a drawing (by Mr. Randolph Caldecott), of the old Building, showing the " Stocks " and their first occupants. At Elections for the Boroughs the hustings were fixed in the front of the Town Hall. The Elections for the Count}^ were formerly held in the Castle. But, to resume the extracts from the Court Leet Minute Book, we note the following : — "29th September, 1796. We present the Surveyor of the Highways, within this Borough, to raise the Wall and repair the Piatt at the Bpttom of Flint Town, near the old ' Red Lion,' before the next Court, or lose to the Mayor of this Borough the sum of Five Pounds. " 29th September, 1800. Thomas Bibby having, at the last Court, petitioned the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Jury for leave to inclose a parcel of land within the Borough aforesaid, which was granted him on condition of his paying such an acknowledgment for the same as should be fixed at this Court. — " It is therefore Ordered that he do pay the sum of one shilling per annum to the Church Wardens and Overseers of the Poor of the Parish of Flint, for the use of the poor of the same parish, and one shilling per annum to the Mayor of the same Borough, by way of acknowledgement for the said parcel of land, which contains forty yards in length and twenty-five yards in breadth, and adjoins a certain place called 'the Nailors' Row,' lying within the said Borough and Liberties : the said rents to be respectively paid ; that is to say, that to the Churchwardens and Overseers yearly on the feast of Saint Thomas the Apostle, and that to the Mayor on the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. "29th September, 180S. Whereas John Barnes Watson, Esq., presented a Grant at this Court, dated 4th George and. to Henry Howarth of the Poole, or Pooles, on the south side of the Town of Flint (amongst other premises therein granted), of about thirty yards in breadth, adjoining Mr. Moulding's land, and lying under the land of the said Henry Howarth to the ' Flood Mark,' or as far as the lands of Mr. Moulding reach that way, with liberty to build thereon, at the rent of fourpence annually ; and which said parcel of land Mr. Watson intends immediately to inclose. The said Grant is admitted by the Court. "29th September, iSii. At this Court the 'Patent' appointing David Pennant, Esquire, Constable of the Castle of Flint, was openly read, and the same was directed to be recorded in the same Court." Bailiffs of Flint. The following are taken from the Chester Recognizance Rolls and Welsh Records : — "32 Edw. I. Henry le Northeryn and Adam le Sergeant. I( BAILIFFS OF THE BOROUGH OF FLINT. l8l " 14 — . Thomas Gierke and Thomas Brown, " 14 — . John Skynner. " 14 — . John Dedwode and LI' ap. Ith'. "14 — . John Hokes and Robert Bridlynton. " 14 — . Richard Mason and Richard Broun. " 1447. John Glover and William Smyth." The following appear in the Municipal Corporations Com- missioners' report : — " 1736. Edward Ellis and Robert Pritchard." The following are taken from the Minute. Book of The Court Leet and Baron : — " 1782. John Lewis and William Jones. " 1783. Edward Shackfield and Thomas Roberts. " 1784. Alexander Bibby and Edward Ledsham. " 1785. William Williams and Edward Edwards. " 1786. Joseph Simon and John Roberts. 1787. John Hughes and Alexander Litler. ' 1788. William Jones and John Williams. ' 1789. Thomas Roberts and Thomas Hughes. ' 1790. Edward Shackfield and Richard Graft. ' 1 791' David Davies and Thomas Parry. ' 1792. Edward Ledsham and Alexander Bibby the younger. 1793. Thomas Parry, of Bryn, and Thomas Axon. 1794. Thomas Parry, of Flint, and Edward Ledsham. ' 1795. David Davies and Edward Ledsham. 1796. William Williams and John Roberts. 1797- John Hughes and Thomas Bellis. [Charles Potts, Gent", Recorder.] 1795. Thomas Parry, Gooper, and John Williams. ' 1799. Richard Bibby and Edward Jones. ' 1800. Daniel Jones and Thomas Bibby. ■ 1801. William Seaman and Thomas Ingleby, Gentlemen. [Lewis Hughes, Gent", Recorder.] ' 1802. Thomas Parry (Coed Onn), and Thomas Hughes, Parish Clerk. ' 1803. Josiah Thomley and John Cash. ■ 1804. Benjamin Gornway (Flint), and Thomas Jones (Nant). 1805. David Davies (Plas yn Balls), and Wm. Williams (Flint). ' 1806. Peter Kenrick (Bryn y Cwn), and John Booley, Parish Clerk. ' 1807. Thomas Parry (Bryn), and John Hughes (the Green). ' 1808. Richai-d Bibby, junr., and Thomas Edwards, Innkeeper. ' 1809. David Davies and Joseph Hughes. [John Lloyd, Gent", Recorder.} 1810. Thomas Hughes (Flint), and Thomas Ledsham (Flint). 1811. David Lloyd (Coleshill), Farmer, and Thomas Bibby, Joiner. 1812. Benjm. Led.sham (Flint), and John Williams (Flint). " 1813. Thomas Ingleby (of Farm), and John Kenrick (Flint). " 1814. James Davies (Flint), and Peter Kenrick (FUnt). " 1815. John Hooson (Flint), and Joseph Stealy (Flint)." The following are taken from the Accounts of Elections in the Chester Newspapers : — " 1826. Mess""^' Kendrick and Ledsham. " 1829 and 1830. Robert Eyton and David Scott, Esqrs. " 1831. Edward Lewis, Esq., Bryn Edwin, and Mr. Edward Evans. (( cc l< l82 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. The following appear in the Municipal Corporations Com- missioners' Report : — " 1832. The Rev. William Maddock Williams, M.A., and Mr. James Eyton, Solicitor. The following are taken from the account of the Borough Election of 1835 in the Chester Newspapers : — " 1834. Robert Eyton, Esq., and Mr, Foulkes." The two latter were the last Bailiffs ever appointed. The above list is necessarily very imperfect, but we hope that, as other documentary evidence comes to light, it may hereafter be improved upon. Lists of this character have, locally, very considerable genealogical importance. An old brass plate, recently found in the vestry of the Parish Church, bearing the following inscription, gives the date of the death of the Rev. Robert Tamberlain, Rector of Flint : — " Underneath " Lies interred the Body of " Robert Tamberlain C"^., "Who died the i8th day of "Dec., 1765, aged 65."! Mr. Tamberlain was succeeded by the Rev. George Davies early in 1766. The latter died on the 7th January, 1823, being then, eighty-eight years of age, and was interred in the parish churchyard. His reign in Flint was almost as long as that of King George III. on the Throne. Old inhabitants tell us he was a tall, robust man, and wore the clerical wig (v.hich was then assumed by the clergy) in his younger days. Among his brethren he was known as the " Bishop of Flint." His speech as the proposer of Sir E. P. Lloyd at the Borough Election of 1806, which we have previously given,' is a characteristic one. He was succeeded in the living by his son, the Rev. Chetwood Crewe Davies. As will be gathered from a few of the extracts from the Parish Accounts before given, Flint felt the effect of the troublous times of this period, in having to find men, and to contribute to the militia for the defence of the nation. The following extract from a local newspaper, and another from a letter sent by a Sergeant in the Flintshire battalion (dated from Carmarthen, in South Wales) to his brother, living near Mostyn, may be interesting to our readers : — "Oswestry, New Year's Day, 1760. — On Friday last, the Flintshire Militia came hither, on their movement towards Carmarthen, in South Wales. The men were all in high spirits, and much pleased with the obliging ' Vide p. 1 74. THE FLINTSHIRE MILITIA. 1 83 behaviour of their officers, who declared that their march should not be retarded on account of an omission in the issuing out of their subsistence money. The worthy commandant, Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., Knight of the Shire for that County, undertook to supply them out of his own purse, until an order for the cash should arrive. The officers also have agreed to give their respective pay for the general emolument of the whole. It should likewise be mentioned that Richard Price, Esq., Representative for the Town of Beaumaris, and who had served abroad as Captain in the Regular Forces, accepted a Lieutenancy [qy. Ensigncy] in this Corps, for the furtherance of that constitutional measure which in Parliament he had voted for. 'Tis supposed that these troops will reach Carmarthen on Monday, the 7th instant." The Sergeant writes home from Carmarthen to his brother, as follows : — "On Tuesday, the 8th inst., (January. 1760,) our Militia came hitherto, which, with servants and attendants, made up the number of 163 persons. We arrived all well and in good spirits, considering our very extraordinary march from Holywell to this place. As the route wliich we pursued is but little knowTi in North Wales, nor even to the South Wales people themselves, it would be difficult for me to give you, or our neighbours, any tolerable notion of it. It was in the whole about 160 miles, and was performed in eight march- ing days, and those the shortest of all the year, and in the severest weather ; and notwithstanding that our road was sometimes at the foot, sometimes on the sides, and often on the tops, of the most barren and dreary mountains that I ever beheld in all my travels ; yet we pushed on, and by resolution waded rivers, passed through snows, and still persevered in our route. That we sur- mounted these difficulties was abundantly owing to the uncommon vigilance and prudent management of our worthy officers, and to the great encourage- ment we received from their kind care and friendly behaviour towards us all. Indeed, every man in each of the companies has more or less his particular obligations to our Commandant, Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., and Lieut. Bell Lloyd, Esq.; to Captain Sir John Glynne, Bart.. Lieut. George Hope, Esq., and Ensign Richard Price, Esq., Member of Parliament for Beaumaris, as also to Captain Ellis Yonge, Esq., and Ensign Gwen Wynne, Esq., who are all deserving of our most grateful acknowledgment." Later on, when Bonaparte threatened an invasion of this Country, a " Volunteer Company " was formed in this neighbour- hood, known as the Halkyn Rangers. This corps was supported in a great measure by the First Marquis of Westjiinster, as was also the Flintshire Yeomanry. Pennant, in the appendix to his "Literary Life," also shows, by copies of resolutions passed at different meetings in the neighbour- hood, how various Flintshire Parishes (including that of Flint itself) associated themselves together " to prevent tumult, dis- order, and seditious meetings and publications." Also how the gentlemen and even the ladies of the county subscribed to grant county "Bounties to Seamen," etc., etc. The old gaol was situated in Church Street, where the cot- tages, still known by that name, are situate; but in 1785, a new one was erected in the Castle Yard, of which Mr. Joseph Turner, of Chester, was the Architect. The following inscription, which 184 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. formerly was placed over the gateway, was written by Mr. Pen- nant, whose activity and benevolence materially contributed to the substitution of that edifice for the former abode of wretched- ness and crime : — " In the Twenty-fifth year of His Majesty Geo. III., In the Sheriftalty of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bt., this Prison was erected, instead of the ancient loathsome place of confinement ; in pity to the misery of even the most guilty, ^ to alleviate the sufferings of lesser offenders, or of the innocent themselves, whom the chances, of human life may bring within these walls. Done at the expense of the County ; aided by subscriptions of several of the Gentry, who in the midst of most distressful days voluntarily took on themselves part of the burden in compassion to such of their countrymen on whom Fortune had been less bounteous of her favours." The County Prison was, however, unfortunately a few years ago removed to Mold, where a new one was built by the County Authorities, at a great cost. This building had only just been completed when the Government took over the management of the Prisons of the Country, and dispensed with the new erection ; which was sold at a great sacrifice to a body of French Refugee Jesuits, who now occupy it. The old County Prison at Flint Castle was bought by Messrs. Muspratt, who have converted a part of it into Assembly and Recreation Rooms for Working Men. Rarely has an execution taken place at Flint Castle ; but from the following cop}^ of a Petition dated June, 1769, it will be seen that there was among the natives a strong aversion to take away the life even of a felon : — " To the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury. " The humble petition of Ralph Griffith, deputy to Thomas Griffith, Esq., High Sheriff' of the county of Flint for the present year, 1769, concerning the execution of Edward Edwards, for burglary, "Sheweth, — That your petitioner was at great difficulty and expense, by himself, clerks, and other messengers and agents he employed, in journeys to Liverpool and Shrewsbury, to hire an executioner. The convict being a native of Wales, it was almost impossible to procure any of that counti7 to undertake tlie execution. £ s. " Travelling and other expenses on that occasion. 15 10 " A man at Salop engaged to do this business, gave him in part of the agreement, ^5 5^. Two men for conducting him, and for their search of him on his deserting from them on road, and charges in inquiring for another executioner, £4 10s. 9^5 "After much trouble and expense, John Babbington, a convict in PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION. 1 85 the same prison with Edwards, was, by means of his wife, pre- £ s. vailed upon to execute his fellow-prisoner. Gave to the wife £6 6s., and to Babbington £6 6s. 12 12 "Paid for erecting a gallows, materials and labour, a business very difficult to be done in that county, ^4 12s. ; for the hire of a cart to convey the body, a coffin, and for burial. £2 los. ; and for other assistance, trouble and petty expenses on the occasion, at least £5. 12 2 " Which humbly hope your lordships will please to allow your petitioner, who," etc., etc. A writer in a London newspaper in 1811, after describing his visit to North Wales, concludes with, " Go to Flint County and shire town. Two streets, and numberless houses, more old Castles ; only three names, Jones, Williams, and Lloyd, for all its inhabitants — the Grocers, the Drapers, and the Doctors, united in one shop — excellent bed for one shilling, and your passage to Chester and back again [by the Flint cockle boats] for ninepence." During the ten years of George IV. 's reign. Sir Thomas Mostyn was returned, without opposition, for the County. Sir E. P. Lloyd also continued to represent the Boroughs unopposed. The following is an account of the Borough Election of 1826,. taken from the Chester Chronicle : — "1826. Friday, June 16. — On Tuesday last, Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Baronet, of Pengwern, in the County of Flint, brother-in-law to the much- respected County Member, Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart., was for the fifth time, without opposition, elected to serve in the coming parliament for the Boroughs of Flint, Caerwys, Rhyddlan, Caergwrle, and Overton. Sir Edward was escorted to Holywell, on his way to Flint, by a large and respectable party of friends, preceded by the ' Holywell Union Amateur Band of Music' The cavalcade, accompanied by an immense concourse of People, arrived at the Town Hall ; where the Court was opened with the usual ceremonies, before Messrs, Kendrick and Ledsham, the Bailiffs, and John Oldfield, Esq., of Farm, the Recorder of the Borough. The Honourable Baronet was proposed by Major Fletcher, and seconded by the Rev. the Vicar of Rhyddlan in neat and appropriate speeches, and was duly declared elected. He returned thanks for the honour done him, and was afterwards chaired around the Town amidst the loud and deafening acclamations of a large body of people." The Municipal History of Flint during this reign is very limited. Mr. David Pennant, as Constable-Mayor, held his annual Court Leet, which was presided over by his deput}"-, Mr. Oldfield, who styled himself " Recorder of Flint," but bej'ond this there is nothing to relate except perhaps the fact that, during the latter part of the reign, the people, led by their intelligent Rector, evidently became alive to the fact that some reform was required in their municipal government ; and hence the Rector himself and the leading Burgesses were appointed Bailiffs of the Borough, and afterwards regularly attended the annual Court Leet. l86 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. With respect to the Parish, we find the Rev. Henry Jones, M.A., was appointed the successor of Mr. Crewe Da vies. He, how- ever, only held the living for one year, being at the end of that time promoted to Northop. He was a native of Ruthin, and was the father of the late Mrs. Thomas Williams, whose husband, curiously enough, was subsequently appointed to the same two livings that her father had some years before held. Mr. Jones was succeeded, in 1825, by the Rev. William Mad- dock Williams, M. A. Mr. Williams was the son of the late Rev. William Williams, Rector of Ysceifiog and Canon of St. Asaph, by his wife Eleanor Jones, of Pen-y-bryn, Rhuabon, and was born 19th March, 1799. He was educated at Bangor Grammar and Shrewsbury Schools, and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1862 he married Harriet, daughter of Captn. Greaves, late of Chester, but has no issue. In 1840 he resigned the living of Flint, and was appointed Rector of Halkyn, from whence he was promoted in 1851 to Llanfechain, Montgomeryshire; which living he resigned in 1872, and now resides at Reigate. He is a Justice of the Peace for the County of Flint. " Mr. Louis, in 1824 'found that this town [Flint], and Bagillt, engrossed the whole business of Flintshire and Denbighshire.' " In 1838, packets ran daily from Flint to Parkgate and Chester." Bingley's North Wales, etc. Through the kindness of Miss Sidney Massie, of Pulford, a member of the old Cheshire family of Massie of Coddington, near Chester, before mentioned, as connected with the Salusburys of Leadbrook, we are enabled to give the illustration on the next page, from a drawing made by her on the spot in 1826. The illustration gives a view of the present Castle Street and Church Street, as they appeared before the Chester and Holy- head Railway passed through the Town and severed it into two parts. The view is taken from the entrance to the County Prison at the Castle, now known as " Castle Terrace." The road leading to the entrance gates, in the front of the sketch, passes over the old Moat, which formerly separated the Castle from the Town : the stonework ruins on each side of this road are the remains of the Tower which formerly commanded the Draw- bridge, as shown in Speed's Plan, previously given. The house on the high ground in the distance is Cornist Hall, and the hills beyond are the Halkyn " Mountains." < u O ^%;gK?*K'?irimt i^^' ■ l^i?; j^^ CHAPTER XL THE REIGN OF WILLIAM IV.— THE ERA OF PARLIAMENTAR V AND MUNICIPAL REFORMS. We now arrive at another era of reforms, an epoch highly impor- tant to Flint, both as a Parliamentary centre and as a Municipality. Henceforward the dual office of " Constable of the Castle " and " Mayor of the Borough," which from the time of Edward I. had been vested in the occupier for the time being of the former office (who was appointed by the. Crown), is divided ; and the Mayor is chosen by the Representatives, elected by the Burgesses in due course on to the Municipal Council. We will presently advert to the " Report of the Commissioners," upon which the Act, so far as Flint is concerned, was founded : but let us first consider the Flintshire Elections which led up to, and immediately followed, the Parliamentary Reform Act. We fear we may tire our readers with these narratives of Elections ; but they furnish us with so much information as to the men, manners, and customs of the time, that we feel constrained to give a few more of them. On the accession of King William IV. to the Throne, a General Elettion took place, when Sir Thomas Mostyn was again returned Knight of the Shire without opposition. Sir E. P. Lloyd was also re-elected for the Boroughs unopposed, as will be seen from the following extracts from the Chester newspapers of the day : — "Friday, August 6th, 1830. " On Tuesday last, the election for the Borough of Flint took place. In consequence of the dilapidated state of the Town Hall, it was considered unsafe to hold the proceedings in it, and hustings were accordingly erected in front of the Hall. Early in the morning, Flint presented a scene of bustle and activity ; and at twelve o'clock Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, Bart., entered the town preceded by an excellent band, with colours, attended by a numerous escort of gentlemen and nearly two thousand burgesses. Proclamation was made by the Crier of the Court ; upon which John Oldfield, Esq., of Farm, Recorder of Flint, read His Majesty's writ, and administered the usual oaths to the returning officers, the High Bailiffs of Flint (Robert Eyton and David Scott, Esqrs. ), binding them to an impartial discharge of their duty. Edward Oldfield read the Act of 1729 for the, prevention of bribery and corruption, and 19° HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. also the provisions of the Act of 1763 for the prevention of unqualified persons from voting at Elections. Sir E. P. Lloyd was then proposed by F. R. Price, Esq., of Bryn y Pys, seconded by T. Ellis, Esq., of Cornist, and declared duly elected amidst deafening shouts. The Indentures on the return of the writ were executed by the High Bailiffs, and signed by Sir Henry Browne, High Sheriff of the County, John Oldfield, Esq., of Farm, Recorder of Flint, and a number of the Burgesses of Flint, and from each of the contributory Boroughs. At the close of the proceedings on the hustings. Sir Edward was chaired to the ' Ship ' Inn, and on his way thither he scattered silver amongst the crowd, which excited a good deal of merriment among the people. An order was immediately given to open every Inn and Public House in the Town, etc., etc. The Election Dinner was held at the ' Ship ' Inn. Afterwards Sir E. P. Lloyd and friends visited the ' Royal Oak ' Inn, where a large company of his friends dined, and he afterwards paid his respects to the Burgesses at the other public -houses. " Sir E. P. Lloyd was a Reformer, and voted for the Catholic Emancipation Act. "Friday, August 13th, 1830. — The election for the County of Flint took place in the Town of Flint, on Saturday last. Sir Thomas Mostyn, escorted by a numerous procession, preceded by a band of music, colours, etc., entered the towii about 1 1 o'clock, and 'was received with general acclamacion. The proceedings were conducted on the hustings erected adjoining the Town Hall, and which had the previous day been used for the Borough Election. Sir Edward Mostyn proposed and F. R. Price, Esq., seconded Sir Thomas Mostyn (who has recently been afflicted with an attack of gout) ; and he was thereupon declared duly elected, and was invested by the High Sheriff, Sir H. Browne, Kt., with the sword as Knight of the Shire. He then addressed the freeholders. Sir Thomas was chaired from the hustings, and eveiy public- house in Flint was opened to the freeholders. Large companies dined at the ' Sliip ' and ' Oak ' Inns, and at all the other public-houses conviviality and good fellowship was the order of the day." The following year, 1831, another General Election took place, when the question of reform was left to the judgment of the country. Sir Thomas Mostyn died about the time of the dissolu- tion of Parliament, and the present Lord Mostyn (then Mr. E. M. Lloyd Mostyn) was elected, without opposition, as the County Member. At the same time Sir E. P. Lloyd was again re-elected for the Boroughs ; so that father and son represented at this period the two Constituencies. The following paragraphs are extracted from the local papers as to these two Elections : — " Friday, May 6th. 1831. On Wednesday last, the election for the Borough of Flint, etc., took place at Flint, before Robert Eyton and David Scott, Esqrs., Bailiffs. Sir E. P. Lloyd was proposed by F. R. Price, Esq., seconded by George Roskell, Esq., and declared duly elected. At the election dinner at the ' Ship ' Inn, young Mr. Lloyd Mostyn, in returning thanks for the toast of his health said, if he should be so fortunate as to obtain the object of his highest ambition in becoming the Representative of the County of Flint, he would do his duty. He was a Reformer (cheers), and he would also oppose that system of slavery which was at present a disgrace to our colonies and to the nation." THE ERA OF PARLIAMENTARY AND MUNICIPAL REFORM. 191 " Friday, May 13th. 1831. The election for the County of Flint came off on Tuesday last at Flint. Early in the morning, numerous bodies of Freeholders, wearing brown and yellow favours, poured into the town, each body preceded by appropriate colours, and those from Mold and the neighbourhood headed by an excellent band. The High Sheriff, Sir S. R. Glynne, Bart., was the Returning Officer. Mr. E. M. Ll. Mostyn was proposed by F. R. Price, Esq., and seconded by Major Jones, of Wepre, who said he was more accus- tomed to make long marches than long speeches. Mr. Mostyn was declared duly elected, and in returning thanks said he knew their sentiments were congenial to his own, and he should vote for Lord John Russell's Reform Bill." The following September a vacancy occurred for the Boroughs, in consequence of Sir E. P. Lloyd being called to the Upper House (to assist Lord Grey's Ministry in their attempt to pass their second Reform Bill) as Lord Mostyn. Mr. Henry Glynne, of Hawarden, was elected to fill the vacancy, without opposition. Mr. F. R. Price, of Bryn-y-Pys, had issued an address, and Mr. Shipley Conway was also spoken of as a candidate, but neither of these gentlemen was nominated. The following is the news- paper account of the Election : — "Friday, 25th September, 1831. The advancement to the Peerage of the patriotic Baronet, who had long represented these boroughs, opened a field for honourable competition. On Monday evening last, a requisition, most numer- ously and respectably signed, was presented to Mr. Henry Glynne, of Hawarden Castle, inviting him to allow himself to be put in nomination. The Election took place yesterday at Flint, and the procession that proceeded to Northop to meet Mr. Glynne, and escort him to the hustings, was one of the most numerous ever seen on any similar occasion. It was composed not only of the Burgesses of the contributory boroughs, but of vast numbers of the in- habitants of Hawarden, Mold, and Holywell ; who thus enjoyed, as it were by anticipation, the elective franchise which was about to be conferred upon them by the Reform Bill. The cortege contained thirty private carriages, besides an immense number of equestrians and pedestrians, and three bands of music, and extended a mile and upwards in length. As soon as the main body met Mr, Glynne, they took the horses from his carriage, and drew him the whole of the way to Flint, amidst the shouts of the populace. At twelve o'clock the plat- form erected in front of the Town Hall at Flint was thronged to excess. A long discussion took place as to the legality of nominating the respected High Sheriff, Sir S. R. Glynne, Bart.; but it was ultimately decided that this could not legally be done.' The usual formalities were gone through, and the Recorder, John Oldfield, Esq., asked 'who shall be the Burgess to represent the Borough ? ' Shouts of ' Henry Glynne for ever ! ' followed. Col. Fletcher, of Gwernhaglod, then proposed, and Edward Lewis, Esq., of Biyn Edwin, seconded Mr. Glynne, who was declared duly elected, and he returned thanks, as did also the High Sheriff. Mr. Glynne was then chaired from the hustings to the ' Ship ' Inn, and during the whole of the way scattered silver amongst the crowd. A splendid dinner Avas given at the ' Ship ' Inn to about 200 gentlemen. A number also dined at the ' Royal Oak ' Inn, and also at every Inn and Public House in the town ; and we have no doubt that ' Here, as elsewhere, in anticipation of the General Election, likely Tory Candidates had, when possible, been " pricked " for High Sheriff, and thus Sir Stephen Glynne was prevented from standing for the Borough of Flint, as had been his and his friends' intention. 192 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. as the fumes of the hquor 'got up,' many a Welshman would fall a martyr to the jolly god. The following were among those present at the dinner at the 'Ship' Inn: H. Glynne, Esq., M.P., in the chair, Sir S. R. Glynne, Bart., High Sheriff, Sir Edward Mostyn, Bart., Col. Fletcher, J. Wx Eyton, Esq., J. Eyton, Esq., Major Jones, Pyers Mostyn, Esq., Edward Lewis, Esq., W. T. Ellis, Esq.. Rev. Mr. Clough, Mold, Rev. H. Parry, Rev. H. Jones, Northop, Rev. W. M. Williams, Rev. Mr. Oakley, Mr. Eyton, and Mr. David Scott, Bailiffs of Flint, Mr. W. Jones, Mr. T. Mather. Mr. Wolstenholme, Mr. H. Eyton, Mr. Eyton, Pen-y-Palmant, Messrs. Rigby, Messrs. Hancock, Mr. Addison, Mr. P. Parry, Messrs. Barker and Porter, Chester, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Williams, Denbigh, Mr. Hume, Denbigh, Mr. Gabriel Roberts. Messrs. Oldfield, Farm, Messrs. Oldfield, Holywell, Mr. Oklfield, Caerwys, Mr. Smalley, Mr. Johnson, Chester, Mr. Williamson, Messrs. Whitley, Mr. Griffith Williams, Mr. Harrison, Mr. Boydell, Mr. Roskell, Mr. Roberts, and several other gentlemen. Atfour o'clock Mr. Glynne left, he and Sir S. R. Glynne being accompanied by a large crowd all the way to Hawarden. Hawarden was illuminated. The festivities were kept up at Hawarden the following two days ; the castle was opened to all comers, and meat and prime ale were dis- tributed to the visitors. A fine ox was roasted, and also several sheep, which were given away in portions to the populace, as well as plenty of real old stingo." Mr. Henry Glynne (afterwards the " Rev." Henry Glynne, M.A., Rector of Hawarden and Canon of St. Asaph) was the second son of Sir S. R. Gly'nne, 7th Bart., by his wife, the Hon. Mary' Neville, daughter of the ist Lord Braybrooke. He was born 9th Septem- ber, 181 o, and educated at Eton and Christchurch, Oxford. He took his B.A. degree in 1833, and was ordained and presented to the valuable family living of Hawarden in the following year; this is one of the very few recorded instances of a Member of Parliament deserting the Senate in favour of the Church. In 1851 he was appointed Rural Dean of Mold, and in 1855 Hon. Canon of St. Asaph : for many years he represented the Chapter in Convocation. On the 14th October, 1843, he married Lavinia, second daughter of the 3rd Lord Lyttelton, by whom he had issue surviving infancy, two daughters, Mary and Gertrude, the latter of whom, on 22nd October, 1875, married the Hon. G. S. Douglas Pennant, eldest son of Lord Penrhyn. Canon Glynne died 29th July, 1872. His wife had pre-deceased him, 3rd October, 1850. In February, 1832, Mr. Henry Glynne accepted the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds ; and his brother. Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart., having completed his year of office as Sheriff of the County, was elected without opposition the Borough member. Mr. Edward Lewis, of Bryn Edwin, and Mr. Edward Evans, the Borough bailiffs, acted as Returning Officers. Sir Stephen was proposed by Major Fletcher, and seconded by Mr. George Roskell. In returning thanks for his election, he said that he regretted the Lords had thrown out the Reform Bill ; and that he would support the measures introduced by the Ministry, and promote by every THE ERA OF PARLIAMENTARY AND MUNICIPAL REFORM. 1 93 means in his power economy and retrenchment in every depart- ment of the State. Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, the 8th and last Bart, of Hawarden, was born 22nd September, 1807. He was educated at Eton and Christchurch, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1828, taking Third Class Honours in Classics. In 1845 he was appointed, by Sir Robert Peel, Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire on the death of the first Marquis of Westminster. Sir Stephen died 19th June, 1874, unmarried; and his nephew, Mr. W. H. Gladstone, M.P. (eldest son of his elder sister Catherine, wife of the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., First Lord of the Treasury) succeeded to his estates. At the General Election in December, 1832, after the passing of the Reform Act, Mr. Mostyn was returned for the County, and Sir S. R. Glynne for the Boroughs, both without opposition, as they were again at the General Election in 1835. In the year 1832 the Cholera appeared in Flint, as in other parts of the kingdom. It did not, however, originate here, but was introduced by strangers. The Commissioner appointed to inquire into the claims of Flint to be included in the schedule to the " Municipal Corporations Reform Act" was Mr. George Hutton Wilkinson. He sat at Flint, and made a very careful inquiry, as will appear by his Report, dated nth February, 1834. This Report contains much valuable information respecting the history and condition of the Borough at this period. The following is a copy : — " Borough of Flint. The Limits of the Borough are described in this paragraph.] Local Limits. 'The Charter of the Black Prince is set out in this paragraph.] By Charter. [The Charter of Edward L is set out in this paragraph, also the grants of Charters, the Castle by Edward IIL, before referred to ; the dismantlement of the Castle is also referred to— which, says the report, ' almost obliterated the privileges of the burgesses themselves.'] "4. The Charter of the Black Prince must be considered the governing Charter ; for no information could be obtained of any other then existing. In ^^J^^^^^^l^f Pennant's IVaies, I, p. 63, it is stated, that ' in 1283 the town received its first Charter, was made a free borough, and the Mayor sworn faithfully to preserve its liberties.' Dated at Flint, 8th September, 1283. ' And that it was confirmed again, 2 and 3 Philip and Mary, and 12 William III.' But of these confirma- tions no other evidence was furnished.' ' It will be observed that no mention is made of the charter of Richard II. to the Borough. Referring to this unfortunate monarch, we are kindly re- minded by Mr. B. Beedham that two instances of his autograph (the earliest one of a King of England known to be in existence) are to be found, one at the Record Ofiice,— and the other at the British Museum, attached to a paper which relates to the surrender of Brest. {Cotfoji. A/SS. P'csp. F. xii. fol. 3.) It may be read " le Roy R.S." In the same volume of the Cottonian MSS. will be found the autograph of Henry IV. attached to an order for the apprehension of Lady de Spencer and her children. 13 194 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Title. Officers. Mayor, functions of. Mayor, salary of Bailiffs, lection of Mayor, how appointed. "5. The title of the Corporation is, 'the Mayor, Bailiffs and Burgesses of the Borough of Flint.' " 6. The officers of the Corporation are — Mayor ...... i Bailiffs ...... 2 Recorder ...... i Sergeant at Mace . . . . i Constables ..... 4 " 7. The original appointment of the present Constable of the Castle, David Pennant, Esq., of Downing, son of the celebrated author and antiquary above quoted, by letters patent under the privy seal (a copy of which is furnished), bears date the 8th June, 49 George III. " The present patent is dated 21st Dec, r William IV., and, equally with the former patents, confers the several offices of Constable of the Castle of Flint, keeper of the gaol of the said Castle, comptroller of all records, pleas, fines, etc., whatsoever, before the King's Justices in the counties of Chester and Flint, and also before all officers and ministers in the said letters patent mentioned ; and comptroller of all pleas, fines, amerciaments and redemptions before the Justices of North Wales, in the county of Caernarvon, parcel of the possessions of the Principality of North Wales, during pleasure, etc. " 8. The Mayor appoints the Recorder, and he stated his belief that the annual appointment of the two Bailiffs rested with him ; but this, with reference both to practice and to the Charter, must be understood (notwithstanding the state- ment in Pennant's Wales, i., p. 60) merely as a privilege tacitly conceded to him, on some former occasion, to recommend the Bailiffs to the choice of the burgesses, as hereafter stated. "No active functions appertain now to the office of Mayor of Flint. " 9. Originally the entire salary payable to the Mayor was;^40 ?>s. ^L, made up as follows : — £ s. d. He received, as Constable of the Castle . . . .1000 Keeper of the Gaol . . . . . . .618 Comptroller of Chester and Flint . . . . . 12 3 4 Comptroller of North Wales (Caernarvon) . . , 12 3 4 From which was deducted- Poundage Auditor's fee . Stamps . £ s. d. £\^ 8 4 200 I 8 I 7 3 9 7 • £Z^ 18 7 Net Salary But, for the last five or six years, the salary has been reduced by the with- drawal of the last two items payable to him as comptroller ; and the whole salary is more than absorbed by the annual payment of the Recorder's salary and the dinner given at the Court Leet to the Bailiffs, Recorder, and Jury. " 10. In practice, the election of the Bailiffs is ordinarily, but not necessarily, made out of the body of the jurors (being burgesses) assembled at the Court Leet on the Charter Day, 29th September. The old bailiffs generally recommend who shall be their successors. "They are sworn in before the Recorder, — the Mayor takes no part in the election ; indeed, the present Mayor is stated by Mr. Eyton, one of the Bailiffs, who has resided thirteen years in FHnt, not to have been seen by him during the whole of that period. THE ERA OF PARLIAMENTARY AND MUNICIPAL REFOR^NI. 1 95 "11. The Bailififs have no other functions now appertaining to their office, bailiffs, than to preside at the Court Leet, and to act as the returning officers of Members f^'^'^'ioi's of. to serve the Borough in Parliament. Until within a very few years the office was occasionally filled by very illiterate persons. At the last election but two, neither of the bailiffs of the borough could write, and they actually signed the return to the writ as marksmen. The more respectable inhabitants, acting under the advice of the intelligent clergyman, who is now one of the bailiffs, and of his colleague, have agreed to fill the office in rotation ; and under their auspices it may be expected that the affairs of the Borough will in this and in all 6ther respects be placed on a much better footing than heretofore, „ ...^ " 12. The Bailiffs have no salaries or emoluments whatsoever. sal-iriesof " 13. The Recorder is appointed by the Mayor; he is not a chartered „ officer, and it would seem that he is appointed during pleasure. appointment "The present Recorder, Mr. J. Oldfield, was appointed in 181 1. He is a of. solicitor, residing at a place called The Farm, near Abergele, twenty-five miles from Flint ; and is also the Recorder of Caerwys. " 14. The Recorder has the custody of all the documents relating to the Recorder, Corporation, and assists the Bailiffs in holding the Court Leet on the Charter Day. functions of " The court-book, produced to us as being the oldest in his possession,- com- menced in the year 1783. "The first entry in which the ' Recorder ' is introduced into the style of the court is on the 29th September, 41 George III. Indeed, it was considered by one of the bailiffs to be a designation assumed, in this borough, arbitrarily, and that the title of Deputy Constable would be a more fit description. " 15. The Recorder receives a salary of ;^8 Ss. yearly from the Mayor, and Recorder, has no other emoluments from the office. salary of. "16. The Sergeant-at-Mace is appointed for life by the Mayor ; the present Sergeam-at- Sergeant has held the office thirteen years. His functions are, to attend the ^^I?ce. ap- bailiffs with a Silver Mace of great antiquity, and to serve the process of the P™"""«"'°f court. He has an annual fee of io.f. 6 £ JT. cl 81 6 2 81 6 2 68 18 I 3" 13 344 7 • • 4 2 6 200 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. 7. Number of Electors registered under New Act in 1S32 Names of Places. Flint Overton . Rhuddlan . Caerwys . Caergwrle , Holywell . Mold . . St. Asaph Scot and Lot Voters. ^10 Voters. 361 254 169 128 64 14 40 176 91 62 976 383 Not properly classified, as there are a great many more^^io voters, and which are incorporated with the scot and lot voters. No classification. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. New Place. Ditto. Ditto. Grand Total . . i,359 voters. '•-(Signed) GEORGE HUTTON WILKINSON. "London, nth Feb., 1834." The result of this Report was, as before stated, that Flint was named in the new Act as a " Borough," entitled to a Corporation consisting of a Mayor, four Aldermen and twelve Councillors. On the last day of the year 1835 the reformed Corporation held their first meeting ; when Messrs. George Roskell, Thomas Parry, of Bryn ; Edward Hughes, of Ffrith ; and Benjamin Ledsham were elected the first four Aldermen, the two latter to go out of office in 1838. On the first day of the year 1836 the Council again met, when Alderman George Roskell was elected Mayor, Mr. James Eyton, of Mold, Town Clerk, Mr. Edward Ffoulkes Jones, of Tyddyn, Borough Treasurer, and Edward Edwards, Serjeant-at-Mace and Crier. Mr. George Roskell was the fourth son of Mr. Nicholas Roskell, of Garstang, Lancashire. He was born ist Dec, 1777; married firstly, 22nd April, 1805, Mary Anne, only child of Mr. James Potts, of Stokyn ; and secondly, 9th January, 1826, Jane, second daughter of James Sidgreaves, of Inglethwaite Lodge, Lancashire. By the former only (who died 22nd August, 1824) he had issue, seven sons and seven daughters. George Potts Roskell, the eldest surviving son (who succeeded to Stokyn, where his widow now resides), married Ellen, only child of Mr. Joseph Wharton, of Netherton, Lancashire. Another son, Nicholas Roskell, married Charlotte, daughter of Mr. Edward Jones, of Wepre Hall, who survives him. His daughter Elizabeth (Mrs. Harnett) now resides at Shrewsbury. He first came into this neighbour- hood as a shareholder of the Milwr Mine, near Holywell ; and oo 2; ►J o O « H Z o a H O w W -1 b J" < z a THE ERA OF PARLIAMENTARY AND MUNICIPAL REFORM, 203 afterwards was the senior partner in the well-known firm that for many years carried on the old Smelting Works. He was a J. P. for the County, and Major of the Flintshire Militia. He died Feb. 1847. Mr. James Eyton, the Town Clerk, was a solicitor at Mold, and a son of Mr. Thomas Eyton, of Pen-y-Palmant (the proprietor of large collieries at Flint), by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. John Parry, of Caerwys Hall. He was born 25th February, 1802, and married Mary, daughter of Mr. David Parry, of Rhydycilgwyn, near Ruthin, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. He died 29th December, 1859. Mr. Edward Foulkes Jones, the Borough Treasurer, was the son of John and Margaret Jones, of Bryn Coch, Flint. He married Jane Simon, of Holywell. For many years he carried on business as a Merchant in Liverpool, but afterwards resided at Tyddyn Ucha farm, Bagillt, where he died in 1851. One of the first things the Corporation did, was to endeavour to obtain from the Constable of the Castle and his deputies, Mr. John Oldfield, of Farm, and his son John (who had acted as provisional Town Clerk at the first Municipal Election), all the documents relating to the Borough in their possession. Mr, Pen- nant stated he had no such muniments in his possession, nor ever had, and instructed Messrs. Oldfield to deliver all they had to the Council ; but these gentlemen do not appear to have given anything up, except the old Court Leet Minute Book before referred to. When the present Town Clerk took office, all he found was the said " Minute Book," the " Reformed Corporation Minute Books," and a printed copy of the " Black Prince's Charter to the Borough." The new Council at once began to think about erecting a new Town Hall. The old one, which was erected in Queen Eliza- beth's reign, was in such a dilapidated state, that it was dangerous to use it. It was at first suggested that the southern tower of the Castle (the donjon) should be converted into a Tovon and County Hall. This project was, however, unfavourably received by the County Magistrates, and it was ultimately decided to erect the present edifice, which is situated on the site of the old building. The funds were raised by subscription. The Council Chamber was an addition to the original plans. In digging the foundations, a number of Roman coins, etc., were discovered. The Architect was Mr. John Welsh. The building was completed at a cost of _;^i734 8s. 6d., and the first meeting of the Council held in it on the loth day of February, 1840. On the previous page we give a drawing of it by Mr. Harry Beswick, of Chester. The present Borough Seal, devised by the Mayor and Town Clerk, was adopted, and Alderman Roskell was re-elected Mayor on the 9th November, 1836. CHAPTER XII. THE VICTORIAN PERIOD.— LISTS OF THE MAYORS, MAGIS- TRATES, ALDERMEN, AND OTHER MUNICIPAL OFFICERS. On the accession of Queen Victoria to the Throne, a General Election took place. Both the Borough and County seats were contested. For the former, Mr. Robert John Mostyn, of Calcot, (a Tory,) was proposed by the Rev. W. M. Williams, of Flint, and seconded by Mr. E. Jones, of Holywell (agent for Mr. PeNNANT, of Downing) ; while the second candidate, Mr. Charles Whitley Deans Dundas, (a Whig), was proposed by Mr. William Williamson, and seconded by Mr. Robert Eyton. The Election took place on the 31st July, 1837, and the poll was declared at Flint on the following day, as follows :- — Flint Caerwys Rhyddlan Caergwrle Overton Holywell Mold St. Asaph Dundas. Mostyn 156 . 127 42 41 119 6 46 . 47 106 79 62 53 3?, 30 27 10 591 393 The nomination for the County was held at Flint on Ssturday, 9th August. The Hon. Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn (the present Lord Mostyn) was proposed as a Reformer by Mr. F. R. Price, of Bryn-y-Pys, and seconded by Major Jones, of Wepre. Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart., a Conservative, had Sir John Hanmer, Bart, (afterwards Lord Hanmer), as his proposer, and Sir John Williams, Bart., of Bodelwyddan, as his seconder. The THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 205 contest was a severe one. The following was the result of the Poll : — Glynne, 941 ; Mostyn, 906. Mr. DuNDAS, the newly elected Member for the Boroughs, was the son of Admiral Sir James Whitley Deans Dundas, G.C.B. (Commander-in-Chief of the British Naval Forces in the Black Sea in 1855), by his wife and first cousin, Janet, only daughter of Charles Dundas, Lord Amesbury, and granddaughter of Mr. Ralph Whitley, of Aston Hall. Mr. Dundas was born 15th Jan., 1811, and served in the 42nd ("Black Watch") Regt., and also in the Coldstream Guards. Shortly before his election for Flint, he married his cousin, Janet Lindsay, daughter of Mr. John Jardine, and had issue a son, Mr. Charles Amesbury Dundas, of Barton Court, Berks. He died nth April, 1856. There is a stained glass window to his memory in Hawarden Church. 1837. 9th November. Councillor Robert Eyton was elected Mayor. Mr. Eyton was the second son of Mr. Thomas Eyton, of Pen-y-Palmant, whose family was settled from early times at Maes-y-Groes Cilcain. He was born in February, 1789, and died a bachelor, 19th May, 1848. He was a member of the firm of Messrs. Eyton and Co., who at that time had extensive collieries at Flint. The Corporation presented a petition to the Queen, praying for a grant of a " Commission of the Peace " to the Borough. A Commission was subsequently issued in compliance with the prayer of this petition. The Council resolved that the Court Leet should be held as usual on Michaelmas Day, before the Mayor. This resolution was carried out, and the Court was regularly held for some years. 1838. The 9th of November following, Councillor William Williamson was elected Mayor. Mr. Williamson was a partner in the firm of Messrs. Roskell and Co. He was a native of Wirral, and was the father of the Williamson family of Holywell and Greenfield ; of whom Mr. Samuel Williamson, the Registrar of the Chester County Court, and Mr. Octavius Williamson, the Middlesex Revising Barrister, are survivors. He died 8th of November, 1846, aged 74. 1839. Alderman John Prys Eyton was elected Maj^or. Mr. J. P. Eyton, of Kinsale and of Llanerchymor, was the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Eyton, of Pen-y-Palmant. He was born 17th January, 1787, and married Maria, daughter of Mr. William Adams, of Roebuck, Co. Cavan, by whom he had issue, one son (Mr. Adam Eyton) and four daughters. He died 21st March, 1856. He was engaged in mining pursuits and lead smelting. He was placed on the County Commission of the Peace in 1841. 2o6 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. 1840. The Rev. W. M. Williams having been preferred to the Rectory of Halkyn, the Rev. Thomas BiRch Llewelyn Browne, M.A., Scholar of Jesus College, Oxford, was presented to the Living of Flint. He was ordained Deacon in 1832, and Priest in the following year. In 1850 he was appointed Rector of Bodfari, which Rectory he now holds. Alderman Robert Eyton was again elected Mayor. 1841. On the death of Mr. David Pennant, the Hon. Thomas Pryce Lloyd was appointed Constable of the Castle. Mr. Lloyd was the second son of the first, and brother of the present, Lord Mostyn. He inherited Pengwern, where he died, unmarried, nth March, 1874. In July Parliament was dissolved, and a General Election took place. For the Borough seat there was no contest. Sir Richard Bulkeley Williams Bulkeley, Bart., of Baron Hill, Anglesey, being returned as a Whig without opposition. Sir Richard, afterwards M.P. for Anglesey, was born 23rd Sept., 1801 ; and had assumed by sign manual, 26th June, 1827, the additional surname of Bulkeley, having inherited in 1822 the property of Viscount Bulkeley. He married first Charlotte Mary, daughter of William Lewis Hughes, first Lord Dinorben, by whom (she died nth May^ 1829) he had no issue. Sir Richard married secondly, 20th August, 1832, Maria Frances, onlj^ daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley Massey Stanley, Bart., of Hooton, and had issue. Sir Richard Lewis Mostyn Williams Bulkeley, the present Baronet, and three younger sons. He died 28th August, 1875- For the County seat a severe contest ensued between the late Sir S. R. Glynne and the present Lord Mostyn, then still a Commoner. The nomination took place in Flint Castle, the hustings being erected in the courtyard. Sir Stephen was pro- posed by Mr. Wynne Eyton, of Leeswood, and seconded by Mr. C. B. Trevor-Roper, of Plas Teg. Mr. Mostyn was proposed by Mr. Price, of Bryn-y-Pys, and seconded by Colonel Morgan, of Golden Grove. Great excitement prevailed. At Mold consider- able riots took place. An attack was made on a Committee Room at the " Black Lion " Hotel, and much damage done. The mili- tary were sent for from Chester, and peace thus restored. The poll was declared at Flint on Friday, the 6th July, as follows : Glynne, 1193; Mostyn, 1236. A Petition was presented against Mr. Mostyn's election, on the ground of bribery and intimidation ; the result of which was that the return was amended, and the name of Sir Stephen (who claimed the seat) was substituted for that of Mr. Mostyn. 9th of November. Alderman Robert Eyton was re-elected THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 207 Mayor. The population of the Borough, as taken at the census of this year, was 3,265. 1842. The Corporation appointed two of the members of the Council to perform the duties imposed upon the Bailifts of the Borough by the "Flint Inclosure Act" of 52 Geo. III. Mr. Councillor Joseph Evans was elected Mayor. Mr. Evans was the son of Edward and Anne Evans, of Allt Vois. He was a Miller and Grocer in Flint, and resided at Bardyn Cottage. He married Maria Matilda, daughter of Mr. Francis Massey, of Wood Bank, Chester. He died in 1863, leaving issue several sons and a daughter. 1843. Alderman Robert Eyton was for the third time elected Mayor. 1844. The Council passed a Resolution to the effect that the intended line of railway (the Chester and Holyhead) passing through the Town of Flint, over the streets, on a level, would be highly injurious to the interests of the Town. They considered the railway ought to be carried over Flint by means of a Viaduct. At a subsequent meeting, Mr. Mallaby, the Railway Company's Solicitor, attended, and explained to the Council that Flint would be a " first, class " station, and that level crossings would be made on the two principal streets. The Corporation determined to petition against the Bill, and to watch and oppose its progress until satisfactory arrangements were made. Alder- man Robert Evans was elected Mayor. The new Mayor was the General Manager of Messrs. Eyton and Co's Collieries, and was brother of Mr. Joseph Evans, a former Mayor. 1845. M""- Robert C. Jones was appointed Harbour Master. On the 9th November, Councillor Edward Henry was elected Mayor. Mr. Edward Henry was the second son of the late George and Anna Maria Henry, and was born at Bagillt, Dec. 20, 1810. He was thrice married : firstly, to Miss Grace Tene- MAN, of Craven, Co. York ; secondly, to Miss Mary Jenkins, of Plas yn Ward, Co. Denbigh, by whom he had two children ; and lastly, to Miss Sarah P. Freeman, of Harold's Cross, Dublin, by whom also he had two children, all of whom survive him. He resided for many years at Bryn Tirion, Flint, where he died, 6th February, 1865. He was extensively engaged in metallurgical pursuits in the counties of York, Flint, and Dublin. He was the brother of Mr. John Henry, J. P., of Lygan-y-Wern, Halkyn. 1846. At this time -the old Parish Church was in such a dilapidated state that it was considered unsafe to perform Divine Service in it, and the Corporation granted the use of the Town Hall to the parishioners for that purpose. Ultimately it was 2o8 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. decided to pull down the old Church. If it had stood until these days of Church Restoration, we venture to think, from the traditions and pictures of it that have been handed down to us, that means would have been found to utilize at any rate some portion of this fine old monument of thirteenth-century work, whose history and associations were so intimately interwoven with that of the old Borough Town. It was, however, condemned, and like many a similar relic of the mediaeval past, unfortunately razed to the ground. From the Archceologia Cmnbrensis, vol. ii., 1847, we find that— "whilst the workmen were engaged in clearing the foundations of the old church, several curiously sculptured stones and tiles were discovered, which are likely to throw much light on the character and history of a former edifice, as well as on the date of that which has just been destroyed. These venerable relics, through the kindness of Mr. Browne, the Incumbent, are carefully preserved. An illustration of them will probably appear in a future number of the Journal of the Association." Unfortunately, however, this illustration has not yet appeared. Again, in the same volume, we find — "The curious coffin lids and incised slabs lately found in the foundations of Flint Church have been purchased by the Association, .... and are intended to be placed in some local museum for national and county antiquities, which it is hoped may at some future time be established in Flintshire." No such Museum has yet been established, and we venture to think they should be restored to Flint Church. We are favoured by Mr. Thomas Cleave, a former Church- warden, with the following copy of a tablet which was fixed on the wall in the interior of the 0/^ Church, but being much decayed^ on its removal it fell to pieces : — " To perpetuate the Memorial of the Benefactions given and left to the Poor, and Parish Church of Flint, this table was sett up 1747, by " Thomas Bailiff, ) ^, , ,Tr , " Rich". Crait. \ ^^"^''"^ Wardens. ' ' ^ranc^ Morgan, Fecit. A.D. " 1606. Mr. W". Smith left on Pwllhabeg £2 yearly to keep a poor boy of this Parish £^0 " 1663. Thomas ap Evans, of Balls, gave y^ Flaggin for the use of the Parish Church iq'- " 1690. Griffith Evans, of Balls, gave y*^ silver ditto ;i^io " 1712. Mr. Tho'*. Venables gave y*^ Green Cloth and , the interest to be distributed amongst y*^ poor in Flint for ever ;i^22 " 1715. Will™. Griffifths, of the Castle, left , sould by Hugh Jones to Mr. Buttler;,^2, the interest to be distributed at Easter in Bread £2 " 1 716. Mr. W™. Green gave;^i2, the interest to be distributed amongst the poor of this Pai-ish for ever ;^I2 " 1717. Mr. Owen Jones gave the clock ;i^20 " 1722. Mr. W". Butiler of Llysfaen ga%'e;,^i2, the interest to be dis- tributed on S'. Thomas's Day amongst the poor for ever ;i^i2 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 209 A.D. " 1725. Mr. Benj". Perrin, of Farm, gave ^^15, the interest to be distributed on S'. Thomas's Day amongst the Poor for ever ;^i5 " 1725. Richard Evans, of the -Castle, left/2, the interest to be dis- tributed in white bread amongst the Poor for ever £2 *' 1731. The silver Salver is the gift of an unknown person to y"' church of Flint /5 7" The Town Council, not being satisfied with the manner in which the Railway Company were proceeding with their works, required the Company to make a parallel road to the Railway from Church Street to Brick-kiln Lane on the east side of the railway; which road (now known as Corporation Street), as well as the continuation of it from Castle Street to Evans Street, and the road running parallel to the latter, on the south side of the railway, were formed by the Company, who by their Act are bound for ever to repair and maintain them. 1846. On the 9th November, Councillor Edward Bate was elected Mayor. Mr. Bate was the son of Mr. Thomas Bate, the purchaser of Kelsterton, who belonged to a North of England family, long settled in Yorkshire. He was born 5th April, 1 805, and married, in 1845, Martha, daughter of the Rev. Edward Whitley, Perpetual Curate of Berse Drelincourt and Minera, near Wrex- ham, a descendant of the Whitleys of Aston, before mentioned. He died in June 1876, leaving one son (the present Mr. Thomas Bate, J.P., of Kelsterton), and three daughters. Mr. Edward Bate took a considerable interest in Flint. He was a celebrated " short- horn " and cattle breeder, and took a conspicuous part in the management of the " Flintshire and Denbighshire Agricultural Society." He was a Justice of the Peace both for the County and Borough ; he was also one of the Conservators of the River Dee. 1847. The Railway Company undertook to lay the main sewers of the town, and a special clause was inserted in their new Act, referring to this and to the crossings over the streets, etc. A General Election took place in July. Sir R. B. W. Bulkeley having retired from the Borough to oppose Mr. Owen Stanley for Anglesey, Sir John Hanmer, Bart., was proposed by Captain Thomas, seconded by Mr. J. Prys Eyton, and elected without opposition. Sir John was formerly a Peelite; but when Sir Robert Peel decided to lead no party in the House of Commons, he joined that formed by Lord John Russell. Sir Stephen Glynne also retired from the representation of the County, and the Hon. E. M. Ll. Mostyn (Lord Mostyn) "walked over." Sir John Hanmer was born 22nd December, 1809. He was the eldest son of Thomas Hanmer by his wife Arabella Charlotte, eldest daughter of Mr. J. Skip Dyott Bucknall, M.P. Mr. Thomas Hanmer was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., and 14 2IO HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. died in his father's lifetime. On the death of his grandfatlier (4th October, 1828), Sir John succeeded to the Baronetcy. He married, 3rd September, 1833, Georgiana, youngest daughter of Sir George Chetvvynd, Bart., who died 21st March, 1880. Sir John had previously sat for Shrewsbury, 1832-37, and for Hull, 1841-47. In September, 1872, he was raised to the Peerage as Baron Hanmer, of Hanmer and of Flint. He died 8th March, 1 88 1, without issue, when the Barony became extinct, but the Baronetcy devolved upon his next brother, Wyndham Edward Hanmer, now of Hanmer and Bettisfield. Another brother is the Rev. Henry Hanmer, M.A., Rector of Grendon, Warwick- shire. Lord Hanmer took a warm and generous interest in Flint. He was an active member of Parliament, and an erudite scholar. To him we ourselves are indebted for much of the information contained in this volume, and have sincere pleasure in recording that fact here. On the 9th November, Alderman Edward Bate was re-elected mayor. 1848. The Chester and Holyhead Railway was opened on the ist of May in this year. It was amalgamated with the London and North-Western system in 1858. Councillor Michael Parry was elected Mayor. Mr. Parry was a native of Liverpool, and was engaged in business in Flint as a Cooper and Timber Merchant. He died in 1867. The New Church was consecrated on the 5th December in this year. (We here give a sketch of it by Mr. Harry Beswick.) The architect was Mr. Ambrose Poynter, of Poet's Corner, West- minster. The funds were raised by the voluntary contributions of the Landowners, Parishioners, and several other Freeholders of the County, aided by grants from the "Incorporated and Diocesan Church Building Societies." The Church consists of a lofty Nave (much of the effect of which is lost by the introduction of a boarded ceiling on a line with the wall-plate), with North and South Aisles, and a small Chancel. It has also a Spire at the North-West, and a Vestry at the South-East ; the edifice is in the style of the thir- teenth century. The Clerestory Windows are in the form of square doublets with shoulder arches ; the East Window of three lancets ; the Font octagonal and plain, but standing upon an earlier foliated pediment. The Chancel, which is not divided from the Nave b}'^ any arch or other distinguishing feature, has been reseated stalhvise, and paved with encaustic tiles. There are two mural tablets. One, with a medallion portrait, bears the following inscription : " In memory of Julia Josephine, wife of James Muspratt, of Seaforth Hall, Liverpool, who died March 15th, 1857, aged 55 years." THE NEW PARISH CHURCH, ERECTED IN 1848, ON THE SITE OF THE OLD EDIFICE. THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 213 The Other is inscribed thus : " Sacred to the memory of Henry Wynn, Esq., late Captain in the 23rd Regiment, or 'Royal Welsh Fusiliers,' son of William Wynn, Esq., of Rhagatt, in the County of Merioneth, who died June i8th, 1832, aged 44. The stained-glass windows are to the memory of the father and mother of the late Rev. Thomas Williams, Thomas Eyton, Robert Eyton, John and Mary Ha\'\vood, and M. C. Dawson. The Tower contains a Clock by Joyce, of Whitchurch ; it chimes the quarters, and was presented by the late Lord Hanmer. It has also a Peal of Bells, given by the late Mr. P. Ellis Eyton, M.P. The value of Flint Tithes, according to the commutation returns, was ;^2 26 igs. 2«'. to the Perpetual Curate, and ;^84 4s. "jd. to the Bishop. These latter, however, were transferred, in 1863, to the Incumbent or Rector; and in 1872 a further arrangement was made, whereby the townships of Leadbrook Major and Minor, with a tithe rent- charge of ^52 per annum, have been transferred to the Rectory of Flint. In 1863 a house for the Incumbent or Rector was purchased, and altered for his residence, at a cost of ^937 8s. 6d. In May of this year (1848) a large portion of the south-east side of the Castle ruins fell. The " British Arch^ological Asso- ciation " visited Flint, on their way from their Congress at Chester for Conway, and inspected the Castle. 1849. Councillor Edward Eyton was elected Mayor. Mr. Edward Eyton of Pentre-ffynon, and of Pistyll, was the third son of Mr. Thomas Eyton of Pen-y-Palmant, and was born in March, 1796. He died unmarried 14th May, 1852. He was a member of the firm of Eyton and Co., of Flint. 1850. On the preferment of the Rev. T. B. Ll. Browne to the Rectory of Bodfari, the Rev. Thomas Williams, M.A., of Jesus College, Oxford, and Curate of Northop, was appointed to the Living. He was ordained Deacon in 1843, and Priest in 1844. He married the only child of the Rev. Henry Jones, a former Incumbent or Rector of Flint, but who was at the date of his daughter's marriage Rector of Northop. Mr. Williams was in turn presented to the Rectory of Northop in 1866. He died 4th June, 1881, leaving surviving issue three sons (Mr. W. H. P. Williams, Mr. Charles Williams, and Mr. T. F. Williams^ and one daughter (the wife of the Rev. Thomas E. Jones, B.A., of Llangernyw, near Abergele), all of whom were born at Flint. Councillor Richard Gardner was elected Mayor. Mr. Richard Gardner was born in Liverpool, i6th February, 1785. His family had long been settled there, his father and grandfather being well- known Merchants in that city. He was twice married : firstly, to Miss Martha Jones, of Liverpool, by whom he had fourteen children, one of whom is Mrs. Isaac Taylor, of Coleshill. His 214 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. second wife was Miss Caroline Ingleby, of Flint, by whom he had no issue. He died i6th November, 1845. He was engaged in business at Flint as a timber merchant, and resided at Leadbrook. 1 85 1. On the 6th May, Mr. Thomas Gleave, the present Borough Treasurer, was appointed to that office, instead of Mr. E. F. Jones, deceased. Mr. Gleave is a native of North Lancashire, where he was born in May, 1814. Being engaged in the timber trade under Messrs. Gardner, he settled at Flint, and in 1848 married Maria, daughter of Mrs. Humphrey Jones, of Coed Onn, by whom he has two sons and one daughter ; his eldest son is the Rev. Thomas Gleave, Vicar of St. Philip's, Leeds. The Population of the Borough, by the Census taken this year, was 3,296. Mr. Thos. Ingleby Dyson was elected Harbour Master. Councillor Gardner was re-elected Mayor. 1852. The Corporation granted a lease to the " Flint Gas and Water Company," enabling them to lay their gas and water pipes under the streets of the Borough. The lease expires in 1927. Messrs. Muspratt Bros, and Huntley established their Alkali Works at the old Smelting Works, which subsequently absorbed the wharves, shipbuilding yards, and Messrs. Ommanney's Works ; these form now one of the most extensive works of the kind in the world. Later on they were followed by Messrs. Smith and Mawdsley, at the Pentre Alkali Works. In July of this year, Parliament having been dissolved, a General Election took place, when both the Borough and County seats were contested. In the former constituency, Sir John Hanmer, Bart., was proposed as a supporter of Lord Russell, by Mr. Ellis, of Cornist, and seconded by Mr. John Williams, of Bronwylfa. Mr. Richard Pelham Warren, a supporter of Lord Derby, was proposed by Mr. Edward Jones, of Holywell, and seconded by Mr. T. T. Harris, of St. Asaph. The poll was held on Monday, the 1 2th July. The following is the result, as declared by the Mayor of Flint, the " Returning Officer" : — Mold Holywell St. Asaph Caerwys Rhuddlan Flint Caergwrle Overton 383 266 The nomination for the County was held on Monday, the 19th Hanmer. Warren 41 49 no 22 44 18 44 5 54 6 75 37 12 29 3 90 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 215 July, at the Town Hall, Flint, when Sir John Hanmer proposed, and Sir EDWARDWALKER,of Chester, seconded the sitting member, the Hon. E. M. Ll. Mostyn. ■ The second candidate was Mr. Edmund Peel, of Bryn-y-Pys, a supporter of Lord Derby, who was proposed by Mr. J. Wynne Eyton, of Leeswood, and seconded by Mr. P. Davies Cooke, of Gwysaney. The poll was declared at Flint on the 26th July, when the numbers were: for Mr. MosTYN, 1,276 ; and for Mr. Peel, 910 ; majority for Mostyn, 366. On Michaelmas Day, the Corporation, adopting an old custom, which in these days of Ordnance Surveys is unfortunately no longer observed, " walked the boundaries" of the Borough. On the 9th November, Councillor Adam Eyton was elected Mayor. He is the only surviving son of Mr. John Prys Eyton, a former Mayor (1839), and was born nth November, 1824. In October 1855, he married Clara, only daughter of Mr. James AsHwiN, of Bretforten Hall, Worcestershire, by whom he has issue. He resides at Plas Llanerchymor, and carries on large lead smelting works near there. He is a Justice of the Peace for the Borough. 1 6th November. The Corporation recommended that on Thurs- day the i8th inst., the day on which the late Duke of Wellington was interred, business be suspended, and that the Council ac- company the Mayor to the parish church, which was done. 1853. Mr. Adam Eyton was re-elected Mayor. 1854. On the death of his father, the Hon. E. M. Ll. Mostyn was called to the Upper House as the second Lord Mostyn, and a vacancy occurred in the representation of the County. A new WTit was issued, and the nomination took place at the Town Hall, Flint, on the 8th of May, when the Hon. Thomas Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, the eldest son of the late member, was proposed by Mr. Shipley Conway, seconded by Col. Morgan, of Golden Grove, and returned without opposition. Mr. Thomas Mostyn was the eldest son of the present Lord Mostyn, by his wife. Lady Harriet Margaret Scott, eldest daughter of Thomas, Earl of Clonmel. He married, loth July, 1855, Lady Henrietta Augusta Nevill, second daughter of William, Marquis of Aber- gavenny, and died 8th May, 1861, leaving issue two sons. The eldest son, Mr. Llewelyn Nevill Vaughan Mostyn, was born 7th April, 1856, and married ist May, 1879, Lady Mary Florence Clements, youngest sister of the Earl of Leitrim. Mr. Llewelyn Mostyn now resides at the family mansion of Gloddaeth, near Llandudno. Lord Mostyn's third son is the Hon. Savage Mostyn, C.B., who distinguished himself in the Ashantee War as the Colonel of the gallant Royal Welsh Fusiliers. He had also previously seen service in the Crimea and during the Indian 2l6 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Mutiny. He is now in command of the North Wales Brigade Depot at Wrexham. 1854, July 6th. Mr. James Eyton having resigned the office of Town Clerk, his son, Mr. Peter Ellis Eyton, was appointed to that office. The Borough Justices also elected him their Clerk. Mr. Ellis Eyton was born at Flint, 9th September, 1827; was educated at the Liverpool Institute, and admitted as a solicitor in 1853. He was an able lawyer and a powerful advocate. He held the office of Registrar of the County Court at Mold and Flint. In February, 1874, he was elected M.P. for his native Borough, and died 19th June, 1878, unmarried. On the 9th November, Councillor Thomas Richardson was elected Mayor. Mr. Richardson was born in 1793, at Darlington, where his father was engaged in the Iron Trade. He married, in 1835, Elizabeth Brinkworth, widow of Mr. Richard Philpott, of Chester, by whom he had a family of three sons (two of whom survive) and one daughter. He was a Chain and Anchor Manu- facturer, carrying on business in London. In 1848, he came to reside at Woodfield, near Flint. He died in Liverpool in 1879. 1855. The Mayor called a public meeting at the Town Hall for the purpose of adopting measures relative to the Patriotic Fund, and a sum of ^^135 was at once subscribed in its aid. Alderman Edward Bate was elected Mayor. 1856. The old Churchyard having been closed by order of the Secretary of State, a Cemetery was formed, which, by a resolution of the parishioners, was declared to be considered as "an addition to the churchyard." The cost of this Cemetery was defrayed out of the poor's rates, by instalments extending over a period of twenty years. The chapel was consecrated on the 5th November. On the loth November, Councillor Richard Muspratt was elected Mayor. Mr. Richard Muspratt is the second son of Mr. James Muspratt, of Seaforth Hall, Liverpool (the pioneer of alkali manufacture in Lancashire), by Julia Josephine {ne'e Connor) his late wife ; the latter gentleman is the son of Evan Muspratt, by Sarah [ne'e Mainwaring) his wife, and is a native of Ireland ; Mr. Richard Muspratt is also by birth an Irishman, having been born in Dublin, 13th August, 1822. He married, 6th July, 1843, Jane, elder daughter of Mr. James Moon, of Manchester, by Jane {ne'e Stephens) his wafe, by whom he has issue three sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Mr. James Liebig Muspratt, married at Flint, 20th August, 1873, Clara, elder daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Lewis, of Bryn Edwin, a former Mayor of Flint. Both he and his younger brother, Mr. Sydney Knowles Muspratt, are active members of the Town Council, the former being the FLINT LASTI.E. — VIEW FROM THE EASTERN TOWER, SHOWING THE REMAINS OF THE WESTERN TOWER AND THE RUSSIAN GUN IN THE COURTYARD. Reproduced from "Our Own Country," by permission ot Messrs. Cassell, Fetter, Galpin and Co. THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 219 Chairman of the " Finance Committee," and the latter Chairman of the " School Attendance Committee " ; both are Borough Justices. Mr. Richard Muspratt is the senior partner of the firm of Messrs. Muspratt Brothers and Huntley, and a Justice of the Peace for the County. Mr. Richard Muspratt's residence, "Trelawny House," is situate in the very centre of the town. He has taken for many years the utmost interest in the Municipal Government of the Borough, and he is ably assisted in his efforts for the welfare of the Town by Mrs. 'Muspratt, their sons and daughter; the latter, Miss Florence Muspratt, is always willing to promote any object having for its end the welfare of the town. 1857. The Corporation established a Police Force of their own, independently of the County. Parliament was dissolved in March, and a General Election held, when Sir John Hanmer was returned, without opposition, as the Borough Member, although at first Mr. Warren threatened a contest. Sir Stephen R. Glynne, however, made another, and a final attempt to wrest the County Seat from the Mostyns. The nomination was held on the 4th April, at the Town Hall, Flint. Mr. Shipley Conway proposed, and Mr. Griffiths, of Greenbank, near Denbigh, seconded the Honble. Thomas M. Ll Mostyn. Mr. Edmund Peel, of Bryn y Pys, proposed, and Mr. Keates, of Greenfield Hall, seconded, Sir Stephen R. Glynne. The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone at the same time addressed the electors on behalf of his brother-in-law (Sir Stephen), saying that Mr. Mostyn's statement that " Lord Palmerston's government had reduced the Tea Duty, was untrue, and to say that the present government was economical, was equally untrue ! " The polling took place on the following Tuesday, and was declared at Flint thus : MosTYN, 1,169 ') Glynne, 876. Alderman Thomas Lewis was elected Mayor. Mr. Lewis was a son of Mr. Edward Lewis, of Bryn Edwin, by Mary his wife, and was born at Rycroft, co. Lancaster, 26th January, 181 7. He married Emily Jane, daughter of Mr. William Casson, solicitor, of Manchester and London. Mr. Thomas Lewis resided for many years at Bryn Edwin, and died 5th April, 1878, leaving issue three sons and three daughters. The Government having presented the Borough with one of the Russian guns, captured during the late Crimean War, Mr. AsTBURY, of Rock-cliffe, gave the Corporation an iron carriage for it. The Gun now stands in the Courtyard of the Castle. We give an illustration showing its position. Councillor John Kingsby Huntley was elected Mayor. Mr. Huntley is the second son ot Mr. Kingsby Huntley, and was born in London. He married Maria, only daughter of Mr. John 2 20 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT, Vale, co. Somerset (who died in the spring of 1878), by whom he has had issue Kingsby Muspratt, who died nth October, 1871, in his 22nd year, unmarried; George, who died an infant; and Amy Eveline, who married Mr. C. H. G. Kelso, Barrister-at-Law. Mr. Huntley resides at Highfield Hall, Northop, and 20, Hyde Park Street, London. 1859. Parliament was again dissolved, and a General Election took place during the latter part of April and the beginning of May. The Hon. Thomas E. M. Ll. Mostyn, who, although then suffering from severe ill-health, was present, and addressed the Electors. He was returned without opposition as Knight of the Shire. Sir John Hanmer was also unopposed as the Borough Member. Both Elections took place at the Town Hall, Flint. On the 19th June, the present handsome National Schools, erected on land given by Sir John Salusbury Trelawny, Bart.,, at a cost of ^2,200, were opened. Councillor Huntley was re-elected Mayor. i860. The Corporation having fitted up the lower part of the Town Hall as a Public Market, the same was formally opened in August. The rateable value at this time of the whole Borough was ;^9,577 6s. 10^. On the 9th November, Alderman Bate was again elected Mayor. - 1861. 'On the death of the Hon. T. E. M. Ll. Mostyn, in May, the County Seat became vacant ; the nomination was held at the Town Hall, Flint, on Tuesday, the 25th of May. Lord Richard Grosvenor, a Liberal (who was accompanied on the hustings by his brother, the present Duke of Westminster, then Earl Grosve- nor, M.P.), was proposed by Sir John. Hanmer, and seconded by the late Mr. Ll. F. Lloyd, of Nannerch. The other Candidate was the present Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire, Mr. Hugh Robert Hughes, of Kinmel, who was proposed as a Conservative by the late Sir Hugh Williams, Bart., of Bodelwyddan, and seconded by the late Mr. C. B. Trevor Roper, of Plas Teg. The Election took place on the following Wednesday, and the poll was declared at Flint as follows : — Grosvenor. Hughes Flint 202 71 Holywell . 338 9? Rhuddlan . 212 178 Mold 369 362 Overton 132 232 1253 935 The Right Hon. Lord Richard de Aquila Grosvenor is the THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 221 youngest son of Richard, second Marquis of Westminster, by Lady Elizabeth Mary, daughter of the first Duke of Sutherland. He was born at Motcombe House, Dorset, January 28th, 1837. He married firstly, in 1874, the Honble. Beatrice, third daughter of the third Viscount de VESci (who died in 1875), by whom he had issue one daughter. In 1879 he married secondly Eleanor Frances Beatrice, daughter of Mr. Robert Hamilton Stubber, of Moyne, Queen's County, Ireland, by whom he has issue. His Lordship was educated at Westminster School and at Trinity College, CaSibridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1858. From February 1872 to February 1874, he held office in the Liberal Administration as " Vice-Chamberlain of the Queen's House- hold " ; he now holds the post of " Senior Whip " of the present Government (Mr. Gladstone's) in the House of Commons. The census of this year gives the population of the Borough as being 3,428. On the 9th November, Councillor Richard Muspratt was again elected Mayor. 1862. The Corporation memorialized the Lords of the Treasury in 1 86 1, that the " Flintshire County Court " of this district should be held alternately at Mold and Flint, but their Lordships declined to grant their petition. The Council, however, deputed the Mayor and Town Clerk to attend their Lordships, and also the Home Secretary, and urge their claim to have such Court held at Flint. At the same time Lord Richard Grosvenor and Sir John Hanmer were asked to accompany His Worship, and support the claim. The result of this was that their Lordships reconsidered their decision, and granted the request of the Council. The large, room of the Town Hall was fitted up as a Court, and the first sitting was held at Flint on August 5th, 1863. The first Judge appointed was Mr. E. Lewis Richards, who had held office since the first constitution of the new County Courts in 1847, and who also filled the office of Chairman of the County Quarter Sessions. On his death, Mr. R. Vaughan Williams was appointed, on the 7th July, 1863. On the resignation of Mr. Williams, the present worthy Judge, Mr. Horatio Lloyd, Recorder of Chester, was called to the County Court Bench, on the 5th October, 1874. The first Registrar of the new Court was Mr. Samuel Williamson ; but he holding several other Registrarships, these offices were soon after the establishment of the new Courts divided, and Mr. P. Ellis Eyton, of Flint, was appointed to that of Mold, and afterwards to the new Court of Mold and Flint. At his death, in July 1878, Mr. George Edward Trevor Roper was appointed ; and he having resigned in August 1880, Mr. George Boydell, of Chester the present Registrar, took his place. 222 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT, On the loth November, Councillor Richard Muspratt was again elected Mayor. 1863. Early in this year a Volunteer Corps was formed at Flint. The Corporation allowed the Company the use of the large room in the Town Hall for drill purposes. The first officers appointed were Mr. Wm. H. Porritt, Lieutenant (then residing at Wern), and Mr. Isaac Taylor, Ensign. Their commissions are dated February 3rd. Mr. Porritt left the neighbourhood soon after, and Mr. Isaac Taylor was made Lieutenant 13th August, 1864. On the 21st July, 1868, Mr. Isaac Taylor was promoted to the rank of Captain, and Mr. Henry Taylor, of Ches'^er, was appointed Lieutenant. In 187 1 Mr. Isaac Taylor resigned his commission, and Mr. A. K. Howard took his place in command of the Company. Mr. Henry Taylor resigned the Lieutenancy in 1876, and Mr. Charles E. Dyson was appointed in his stead. Soon afterwards Mr. Howard retired, and Mr. Dyson took command, which position he now holds, having Lieuts. J. J. Bithell and J. T. Johnson as his subalterns. The Flint company is styled the "E" company of the ist A. B. of the " Flintshire and Caernarvonshire Rifle Volunteers." The Council having sealed an Address of Congratulation to the Prince and Princess of Wales on their Marriage, it was presented by Sir John Hanmer and Mr. Ellis Eyton, the Town Clerk, to • their Royal Highnesses, who graciously received it in person at their residence, Marlborough House. The Town Council resolved to realize the Corporation property in and around the Borough ; and it was sold by auction, with the consent of the Lords of the Treasury, and realized a sum of ^1866 17s. 6d. Councillor J. K. Huntley was elected Mayor. 1864. The Borough police force was amalgamated with that of the County. On the 9th November, Councillor Richard Muspratt was again elected Mayor. On the latter date the Council petitioned the Court of Quarter Sessions against the removal of the " County Prison" from Flint Castle to Mold. They subsequently peti- tioned the Home Office to the like effect, and Her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests against the proposed sale of the site of the Castle, which is happily still preserved to dignify the ancient Borough. 1865. In July of this year, Parliament having been dissolved, a General Election took place. The nomination for the Boroughs was held on the 12th July, at the Town Hall, before Alderman Richard Muspratt, Maj^or. Sir John Hanmer was proposed by Mr. Bate, seconded by Mr. Huntley, and returned without oppo- THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 223 sition. Lord Richard Grosvenor was also returned at the Town Hall without opposition for the County, having been proposed by Sir John Hanmer, and seconded by Mr. Ll. Falkner Lloyd. On the promotion of the late Rev. Thomas Williams to the Vicarage of Northop, the Rev. Evan Jenkins, M.A., of Jesus College, Oxford, Curate of Northop, was presented to the Living of Flint, which he retained until 1880, when he was appointed Rector of Manafon, Montgomeryshire. On the 9th November, Alderman Richard Muspratt was again elected Mayor. 1866. The drainage system of the town being at this date very defective, the Corporation set to work to put it into good condition, at a total cost of ^^1291 12s. 6d. Of this amount ^1250 was borrowed, with the consent of the Lords of the Treasury, from the amount realized by the sale of the Corporation Lands, the balance of which last-mentioned amount was invested in the national funds. On the 9th day of November, Alderman Thomas Lewis was again elected Mayor. 1867. On the 9th day of November, Alderman Thomas Lewis was for the third time elected Mayor. 1868. This year, on November 9th, Alderman Edward Bate was again called to the Mayoralty. About the same time Parliament was dissolved, and a General Election ensued. The nomination for the Boroughs was held at the Town Hall, on Monday, the i6th day of November, when Sir John Hanmer was proposed by Alderman Richard Muspratt, seconded by Dr. Davies, of Holywell, and returned without opposition. The County election took place also in the Town Hall on the following Saturday, when Lord Richard Grosvenor was elected Knight of the Shire, also without opposition. 1869. February. Sir John Hanmer, Bart., the Borough member, presented the Town with a chiming Clock, which the Corporation placed in the Tower of the Church, where it now stands. The street parapets were formed, beginning with Church Street. 9th November. Alderman Edward Bate was again elected Mayor. 1870. Alderman Huntley was on the 9th day of November again called to the Civic Chair. 1871. The following is the result of the Census of the Borough taken this year :— Houses. Persons. Inhabited. Uninhabited. Building. Males. Females. Total. 905 62 II 2,218 2,051 4,269 November 9th. Councillor Ishmael Jones was elected Mayor. 224 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT, Mr. Jones carries on business as a grocer and provision dealer in Flint. He was re-elected the following year. 1872. St. David's School-Chapel, at Pentre, was built at a cost of ^1,350. Lord Richard Grosvenor, having been appointed " Vice- Chamberlain of the Household," on the 2nd of March he was re-elected for the County without opposition. In the following autumn. Sir John Hanmer having been raised to the Upper House as "Baron Hanmer of Hanmer and of Flint," a new Writ was issued for the Boroughs. This was the first election under the " Ballot Act." Sir Robert Alfred Cunliffe, Bart., of Gladwyn and Acton Park, near Wrexham, was returned as a Liberal without opposition. Sir Robert is the eldest son of the late Mr. Robert Ellis Cunliffe, of the Bengal Civil Service (eldest son of Sir Robert Cunliffe, the fourth baronet), by Charlotte, eldest daughter of Mr. Ilted Howell. He was born in 1839, and married in 1869 Eleanor Sophia, only daughter of the late Colonel Egerton Leigh, M.P., of West Hall, High Leigh, and of Jodrell Hall, Cheshire. He was educated at Eton, and appointed Captain Scots Fusilier Guards 1862, and in 1872 Lieut.-Col. of the "Denbighshire Militia." In 1880 he was returned for the Denbigh Boroughs, which seat he now holds. 1873. The County Authorities erected the new Police Station in Feathers Street. Alderman Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. 1874. In January a General Election took place. For the County, Lord Richard Grosvenor was returned without oppo- sition, but for the Boroughs an exciting contest took place. There were three candidates : viz., the then sitting Member, Sir Robert Cunliffe, a Liberal ; Mr. Peter Ellis Eyton (the then Town Clerk of Flint), an advanced Liberal; and Captain Conwy Grenville Hercules Rovv'ley Conwy, of Bodrhyddan, a Conservative. The Election took place on the 6th of Feby, with the following result : — For Mr. Eyton ..... 1,076 For Captain Conwy .... 1,072 For Sir Robert Cunliffe . . . , 772 The total number of Electors on the Register (which was then in a very neglected state), was 3,670. The Education Department having communicated with the Corporation as to the school accommodation in the Borough, a public meeting of the ratepayers was held on the 24th day of March, when it was resolved that the deficiency of school accom- modation be provided for by voluntary means, and that recourse should not be had to a School Board. On the 4th day of August, Mr. P. Ellis Eyton, M.P., having resigned the office of Town Clerk, Mr. Henry Taylor was THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 225 appointed in his stead. Mr. Taylor was about the same time appointed " Clerk to the Borough Magistrates." Subsequently he was nominated Deputy Constable of Flint Castle. Mr. Taylor is the only son of the late Mr. Henry Taylor, Colliery Proprietor, formerly of Hindley, near Wigan, but afterwards of Leeswood, near Mold. He was born at Wigan, nth August, 1845, and was educated at the Wigan Grammar and Shrewsbury Schools. In Easter Term, 1868, he was admitted a Solicitor. He married, i6th October, 1878, Agnes Mary, only child of Mr. Richard Venables, formerly of the Hoarstones, Frees, near Whitchurch, Shropshire, by whom he has issue. In the summer of this year the School-Chapel of St. Thomas, at Fhnt Common, erected at a cost of _;^i,ooo, was opened. Nov. 9th. Alderman Richard Muspratt was elected Mayor. The rateable value of the Borough at this period was;^i8,763. 1875. The Corporation resolved that steps should be taken to obtain a better and more constant supply of water than was then provided. The Gas and Water Company took the hint, and in the following Session of Parliament obtained powers to extend their undertaking. The new Waterworks at Coed Onn were soon afterwards constructed. November 9th. Alderman Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. 1876. The street footpaths were flagged for the first time. Nov. 6th. The Mayor (Alderman Richard Muspratt) was presented at a public meeting with a Service of Silver Plate (value, ;;^25o) and an Address, by the inhabitants of Flint and the neighbourhood, " in recognition of his services to the Borough." On the 9th of November, Alderman Richard Muspratt was again elected Mayor. At the same time the Corporation appointed a " School Attendance Committee," under the pro- visions of the new Elementary Education Act. The late Town Clerk, Mr. P. Ellis Eyton, M.P., attended the Council Meeting, and presented the Corporation with a silver-gilt Loving Cup " as a memento of the many kindnesses shown to him when in office." 1877. April 19th. A special meeting of the Council was held, when the Mayor invited the members present to adjourn to his residence, Trelawny House. There the Mayoress presented a " Mayor's Chain of Office " to the Corporation. The chain is adapted as a necklet. It is a copy of one in the Vatican at Rome, (which forms part of the celebrated Campana collection, having been discovered by the Marchese of that name in one of the ancient cities of Etruria,) and was wrought by Sehor Neri, gold- smith, of Rome. A pendant attached to the chain bears on the 15 226 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. obverse side a copy of the Corporate Seal, worked in the finest mosaic, and on the reverse side the inscription : — "Presented to Flint by Jane, wife of Richard Muspratt, on her husband's ninth election to the Civic Chair, 1876." 9th November. Alderman R. Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. 1878. In consequence of the death of Mr. Ellis Eyton, a vacancy occurred in the representation of the Borough in July. A severe contest ensued between Captain Philip Pennant Pennant, of Nantlys, St. Asaph (Constable of Flint Castle), a Conservative, and Mr. John Roberts, of Bryngwynallt, Abergele, a Liberal. The poll was declared at the Town Hall, Flint, as follows : — • For Mr. Roberts . . . 1,636 For Capt. Pennant . . ... 1,521 Majority, 115. The number of electors on the register was 3,707. Mr. Roberts is the son of Mr. David Roberts, of Tan-yr-allt, Abergele, and was born at Liverpool in 1835. In 186 1 he married Catherine Tudor, daughter of the Rev. John Hughes (who died in 1880), by whom he has issue. 9th November. Alderman Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. 1879. The Corporation made additional works for drainage, and " ventilated " the whole of their sewerage system. The CoRNiST, Tyddyn, and Maesgwyn Bridges were swept away, the Flint stream over which they pass having been swollen to an abnormal extent by the torrents of rain which fell in the autumn, and almost inundated the country. These were at once restored by the Corporation, at a considerable expense. Alderman Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. 1880. April. Parliament having dissolved, a General Election took place. For the Boroughs, Captain Pennant again contested the seat with Mr. Roberts, the sitting member. The following is the result, as declared at the Town Hall : — For Mr. Roberts .... 2,039 For Capt. Pennant .... 1,468 The number of voters on the register was 3,804. There was no contest for the County seat. August. The Council petitioned the Lord Chancellor that a County Court Office should be opened at Flint, which request was ultimately granted. 9th November. Alderman Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. On the preferment of Mr. Jenkins to the Rectory of Manafon, Mont- gomeryshire, the Rev. W. Ll. Nicholas, M.A., Curate of Rhyl, was presented to the Living of Flint. Mr. Nicholas is the son of Mr. T. A. Nicholas, of Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. He was born THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 227 1 8th December, 1848, and was educated at Shrewsbury School and Jesus College, Oxford, of which latter foundation he was elected a Scholar. He graduated B.A. in 1873, and M.A. in 1879. 1881. The following is the result of the Census taken this year : — Acreage Houses. Persons. Flint Parish Coleshill Fawr Township Acres. 1607 1726 3333 Inhabited. Uninhabited. Building. 971 35 14 76 Males. 2,501 182 Females. 2,243 170 Total. 4,744 352 1047 39 14 2,683 2,413 5,096 9th November. Alderman Muspratt was re-elected Mayor. 1882. The Council opposed the application to Parliament by the Lower King's Ferry Turnpike Trustees for an extension of their Act, and the application was refused; in consequence of which the highway to Pentre is now disturnpiked, and the road main- tained at the expense of the Borough. 9th November. Alderman Richard Muspratt was for the fifteenth time elected Mayor. The number of electors in Flint, on the Parliamentary Roll, is 884, out of a total of 3,787 in the whole of the Boroughs. The number on the Municipal Roll is 985. The gross rateable value of the Parish of Flint is ;^i8,2i5, and of the Township of Coleshill Fawr, ;!^5,455, making a total for the whole Borough of ^22,895. The death rate of Flint is 17-86 per thousand. The following are the numbers of the children on the books of the several Schools within the Borough, that receive the Govern- ment grant, with the average attendance at each School : — National Schools, Flint „ Pentre ,, . Flint Mountain ,, Infants Catholic School On the Books. 321 154 90 262 208 1.035 Average Attendance. 276 114 76 217 172 ~8S5 Mayors. I St Jan. 1836. Alderman George Roskell. Qth Nov. 1836. 1837. Councillor Robert Eyton. 1838. Councillor William Williamson. 1839. Alderman John Prys Eyton. 1840. Alderman Robert Eyton. 1841. 1842. Councillor Joseph Evans. 1843. Alderman Robert Eyton. 9th Nov. 1844. Alderman Robert Evans. 1845. Councillor Edward Henry. 1846. Councillor Edward Bate. 1847. „ ,, 1848. Councillor Michael Parry. 1849. Councillor Edward Eyton. 1850. Councillor Richard Gardner. 1851. 1852. Councillor Adam Eyton. 1853. 228 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. gth Nov 1854. Councillor Thomas Richardson. 1855. Alderman Edward Bate. 1856. Councillor Richard Muspratt. 1857. Alderman Thomas Lewis. 1858. Councillor John KiiigsbyHuntley 1859. Councillorjohn Kingsby Huntley i860. Alderman Edward Bate, 1861. Councillor Richard Muspratt. 1862. 1863. Councillorjohn Kingsby Huntley 1864. Councillor Richard Muspratt. 1865. Alderman Richard Muspratt. 1866. Alderman Thomas Lewis. 1867. Alderman Edward Bate. 1868. 31st Dec. 1835. 9th Nov. 1838. 9th Nov. 1 84 1. 9th Nov. 1843. 9th Nov. 1844. 9th Nov. 1846. 9th Nov. 1847. 9th Nov. 1850, 9th Nov. 1853. 1 0th Nov, 1856. 9th Nov. 1859. iothNov.1862. 1st Dec. 1864. 9th Nov. 1865. 9th Nov. 1868. 9th Nov. 1871. 9th Nov. 1874. 9th Nov. 1877. 15th April 1878, 9th Nov. 1880. gth Nov. 1869. Alderman Edward Bate. 1 870. Alderman John Kingsby Huntley 1 87 1. Councillor Ishmael Jones. 1872. „ ,, 1873. Alderman Richard Muspratt. 1874- ,, „ 1875. „ „ 1876. „ „ 1877- 1878. 1879. „ » 1880. ,, V I88I. 1882. „ „ Aldermen. George Roskell, Esq., Messrs. Edward Hughes, of Ffrith, farmer, Thomas Parry, of Bryn, Benjamin Ledsham, of Flint. Councillors Robert Eyton and John Prys Eyton,in lieu of Edward Hughes and Benjamin Ledsham, who retired by rotation. Councillors Robert Evans, of Bardyn Cottage, and Humphrey Jones, of Coed Onn, in lieu of George Roskell and Thomas Pariy, who retired by rotation. Alderman Robert Eyton. re-elected, and Councillors Richard Jones, of Bryn Coch, and Thomas Roberts, of Croes Atty, in lieu of Humphrey Jones, deceased, and John Prys Eyton, who retired by rotation. Aldermen Robert Evans and Richard Jones were re-elected. Councillors Edward Bate and Edward Henry. Aldermen Robert Evans and Richard Jones were re-elected. Alderman Edward Bate and Councillor Godfrey Jones. Councillors Richard Gardner, of Leadbrook, and Michael Parry, of Flint, merchants, in lieu of Aldermen Richard Jones, and Robert Evans, wlw) retired by rotation. Alderman Edward Bate and Councillor Thomas Lewis, in lieu of Aldermen Edward Bate and Godfrey Jones, who retired by rotation. Aldermen Richard Gardner and Michael Parry re-elected. Aldermen Edward Bate and Thomas Lewis re-elected. Councillor Richard Muspratt, vice Alderman Richard Gardner, deceased. Aldermen Richard Muspratt and Michael Pariy re-elected. Aldermen Edward Bate and Thomas Lewis re-elected. Alderman Richard Muspratt and Councillor John Kingsby Huntley in lieu of Aldermen Richard Muspratt and Michael Parry, who retired by rotation. Aldermen Edward Bate and Thomas Lewis re-elected. Aldermen Richard Muspratt and John Kingsby Huntley, re- elected. Councillor Alfred Dyson, vice Alderman Thomas Lewis, deceased. Alderman Alfred Dyson and Councillor Peter Alfred Mawdsley, in lieu of Aldermen Alfred Dyson and Ishmael Jones, who retired by rotation. THE VICTORIAN PERIOD. 229 Town Clerks. 1836 to 1854. James Eyton. 1854 to 1874. Peter Ellis Eyton. 1S74. Henry Taylor. Treasurers. 1836 to 1851. Edward Foulkes Jones. | 1S51. Thomas Gleave. Justices of Flint Borough. 1838. 27th March. The Mayor of Flint for the thne being, George Roskell, Robert Eyton, both of the said Borough ; William Williamson the elder, of Greenfield ; John Prys Eyton, of Kinsale ; Peter Parry, of Mold; George Potts Roskell, of Oaken Holt ; Thomas Mather, of Glyn Abbot ; and John Taylor, junr., of Coeddu, Esquires. 1851. Feb. Thomas Harrison, Thomas Lewis, Robert John Mostyn, William Thomas Ellis, of Cornist, and Edward Eyton, of Pistill. 1872. May. Edward Bate, of Kelsterton ; Frederic Muspratt, of Green- field Hall ; Richard Gardner, of Leadbrook ; Henry Mortlock Ommanney, of Chester and Flint ; Adam Eyton, of Flint ; and John Offley Crewe Read, of Wern, Esquires. 1855. Jan. Thomas Lewis, of Bryn Edwin ; Richard Muspratt, of Flint ; and John Kingsby Huntley, of Highfield, Esquii-es. 1875. 23rd Feb. Peter Alfred Mawdsley, John Hemy, James Liebig Muspratt, and Thomas Bate,' Esquires. 1878. 1st March. Alfred Kingsby Howard, Richard Jones, Sydney Knowles Muspratt, Philip Pennant Pennant, and Isaac Taylor, Esquires. Mr. Bate has not qualified. HJS, THE LOVING CUP. iMM^ CHAPTER XIII. TIf£ RISE AND PROGRESS OF NONCONFORMITY IN FLINT. THE HISTORY OF THE FLINT CATHOLIC MISSION. We are indebted to the Rev. Michael Jones, Nonconformist Minister, for the following account of the rise and progress of Nonconformity in Flint, which we have no doubt will prove interesting to some of our readers, "The Welsh Calvinistic Methodists.— This denomination was first introduced into Flint between 1784 and 1788, by an Excise Officer then residing in the Town. He attempted to hold a preaching meeting ; but this, being opposed by the leading men of the place, was abandoned. The next atteiTipt was made in 1788 : at that time Flint was a noted bathing-place, and among the visitors was a preacher named William Lewis, a native of Anglesey, but then residing at Adwy-r-Clawdd, near Wrexham, who was persuaded to preach at Flint. Lewis stood up on a horseblock close to the Swaji Inn, when a motley crowd gathered in the open space before him, to jeer at him ; one man had a frying-pan, which he beat about with a stick : stones were thrown on to the roof of the house, so as to roll down on to the preacher's head, and all kinds of attempts were made to close the meeting. His courage and powerful voice, however, enabled him to finish his sermon, in spite of all opposition, and he and his friends were allowed to depart without suffering personal violence. Soon afterwards a few Northop and Flint friends together rented a_ house in Sivan lane, where they held prayer-meetings without being disturbed, but there was a decided objection to any preaching. However, in a short time a minister from Mold (the Rev. Robert Ellis) was an- nounced to preach. This caused a commotion among the opposition party, and one of the leaders, an innkeeper, assisted by a constable, went to Mr. Ellis, and threatened him with the terrors of the law ; it however transpired that he held a license to preach, and all opposition ceased. "In 1792, Mr. J. Davis, of Nantglyn, came to Flint to preach on a Sunday afternoon ; but. having neglected to bring his license with him, he met with considerable opposition. A solicitor, opposed to dissenters, was employed to put the law into force against the preacher, but fortunately another solicitor (Mr. Copner Williams) supported him ; and when he appeared at the meeting-place by the Swan Inn, the opposition urged the Town Con- stable to seize him ; but that officer, seeing that Mr. Williams aided him, did not interfere. Mr. Williams then addressing the chief instigator of RISE AND PROGRESS OF NONCONFORMITY IN FLINT. 23I the opposition, said, ' You may take this man, and put him in prison if you wish, for as it is Sunday, none of us will resist ; but as sure as you do it, you shall go there to-morrow to keep him company ! ' After a long parley between the solicitors, Mr. Davies was allowed to preach, condition- ally on his going to a certain distance from the Parsonage. *'In 1797, the Rev. Thomas Charles, B.A., of Bala, came to Northop to preach, and offered to provide the funds for a school at Flint, which offer being accepted, a young man was engaged, who taught children to read in Welsh, and preached at stated times in the house in S'wan Lane. The schoolmaster was not very popular in the Town, and he was often followed through the streets by a crowd, calling after him, in Welsh and English alternately, ' Here is the ABC man ! ' The opposition to this free school was so great, that in a short time it was abandoned in favour of a night school, in which both children and adults were taught to read in Welsh. This school was well attended, and, during the two years that it existed, did much to allay the spirit of opposition among the inhabitants. "In 1800, the first Chapel was built — in Feathers Street. "In 1835, the old Chapel, in Chapel Street. was erected at a cost of ;^6oo. It was capable of seating 250 persons. This building was taken down in 1876, and on its site the present handsome building was placed, at a cost of ^1,733. It will seat 380 persons : there are two schoolrooms attached to it. The foundation-stone was laid by the Mayor, Alderman Richard Mus- pratt (whose firm gave a handsome donation to the funds), and the chapel was fonnally opened for Divine Service in April, 1877. *' In addition, the Denomination have houses at Pentre, and 'the Bryn,' for the purposes of Sunday Schools. There are also the English Chapel on the Pentre Road, and the Chapels at Nant-y-fi^int and Cae Coch. Altogether the Calvinistic body have provided accommodation within the Borough for 1,150 persons ; the approximate number of regular attendants is 800, and of communicants 300. The number of Sunday-school scholars on the books is 700, with an average attendance of 550. "The Welsh Wesleyan Methodists. — At the beginning of the present century, the disposition of the Flint people to persecute Dissenters, to which the Welsh Calvinistic Methodists had been exposed, passed away. In 1800, a Wesleyan Minister, named Owen Davies, came to Flint, and preached in the open air. On September 8, 1801, Mr. Bryan, one of the pioneer preachers of the Wesleyan body in Wales, formed the first church meeting held in Flint. In April following, another Minister (Mr. Edward Jones, Bath-a-farn) preached in the house of one Owen Jones, in Szoan Lane. This small thatched house is one of the few relics of the old town left. Here the members met, under the leadership of Robert Morris of Northop, assisted by a few friends from Halkyn. For some years very little progress was made. In 1806, Mr. Thomas Parry, Cooper, built a Chapel on his own land in Castle Street, and let it to the Connexion. In 1828, on his leaving F'lint for Holywell, he granted them a lease for 99 years, when the Chapel was repaired and a gallery added to it. " In 1875, t^'^^ ' ^^^ Chapel ' having been found too small, a new one was erected on the Chester Road, capable of holding about 600 persons. The site was purchased by the late Mr. P. Ellis Eyton, M.P., and presented by him to the body : he laid the foundation-stone of the building. The congregation numbers 450, including 160 church members, communicants, and those on trial. There are 230 Sunday-school scholars on the books. "In the year 1800, a branch Sunday .School was opened a.i Flint J\Ioitntai)t. The school was conducted in several private houses, as none of the neigh- bouring landowners would sell land for the erection of chapels. At length , in 1838, through the kind offices of the Rev. W. Maddock W^illiams 232 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. then Rector of Flint, a site was obtained, and the present Chapel built thereon. The congregation numbers about 80, including 30 communicants. The average number of Sunday scholars is 60. "The Welsh Independents, or Congregationalists.— This body had for many years hard work to establish their cause in Flint. No record has, however, been kept of their early struggles. Their first meeting-place was in a large room in the house in Hill Street, known as ' Claivdci Coch,' then occupied by Miss Ingleby. The chief promoters were Mr. William Jones (a native of Tremeirchion, and a local preacher, who came to Flint in 1818, to keep a day-school), Mr. Peter Kenrick (a farmer living at Bryn-y-Cwn), Mr. William Jones (who lived near the Flint Mill), and Mr. E. Pierce, of the Raven Inn. After forming their church they sought for an ordained pastor. At that time a minister named Benjamin Evans, a native of South Wales, resided at Bagillt, and he promised to assist them as far as he could, which promise he faithfully kept. After a time they left the room at Clawdd Coch for a house in Chester Street, by the corner of Mumforth Street, which formerly was an inn, but is now a^ shoemaker's shop. _ After a short stay there they took the Old Cross Keys Inn, a low building in Chester Street, from whence they removed to a house in Sydney Street, opposite to Trelawny Square. This being too small, they leased, from one John Kendrick, an old barn situate at the upper end of Sydney Street, and fitted it up as a Chapel. " In 1834, their chief supporter, Mr. William Jones (the preacher), died. In 1836, they took the chapel in Feathers Street, formerly belonging to the Welsh Calvinistic Methodists, but then recently occupied by the Baptists. Here Mr. Evans continued to officiate until his death in 1848. He was succeeded by Mr. R. Williams, a native of Anglesey. During his ministry the connexion bought a site for a nezo Chapel in Feathers Street. Mr. Williams receiving a call elsewhere, Mr. William Evans of Dolwyd- DELEN succeeded him, when the new chapel was proceeded with and completed in 1862. It is a commodious building, capable of seating three hundred persons, and cost nearly ;^i,ooo. The number of communicants is 50, Sunday-school teachers and scholars 90, and the congregation numbers from 100 to 120. " The Welsh Baptists.— The founder of this denomination in Flint was Mr. John Jones, a plumber and glazier. For a time he took the old Cal- vinistic Methodists' Chapel in Feathers Street. In 1S40, the congregation exchanged chapels with the Independents, and went to Sydney Street. Their cause, however, did not flourish, and during the years 1862-7211 was given up. In the latter year, however, sixtteen members of the sect, who had come to reside in Flint, took a house in Church Street, from whence they migrated to the Town Hall ; but as the movement still languished, they removed to a house in Mount Street, kindly granted to them, rent free, by Mr. J. P. Davies. In 1875. they removed to a house in Nailor's Row; in 1880, they built themselves a Chapel and Schoolroom in Church Street, at a cost of ;^6oo, on a piece of land given to them by Mr. Davies. This Chapel will seat about 250 persons. The present number of com- municants is 25, Sunday-school scholars 50, and the congregation about 80. "The English Independents.— This denomination seceded from the English Calvinistic body in 1876, and formed a Society in a house in Chester Street. From there they removed to a schoolroom under the Welsh Inde- pendent Chapel in Feathers Street. In 1880, through the liberality of Mr. Hudson, of the Bache, Chester, they purchased a piece of land in Church Street ; here they built their present School-Chapel, at a cost ^^ £100, and which will seat about 180 adults. The number of the con- HISTORY OF THE FLINT CATHOLIC MISSION. 233 gregation is about loo, of Sunday-school attendants 50, and of communi- cants 17. " The English Wesleyans. — In 1832, there were few EngHsh residents in Flint, and there was only one English service held in the town on a Sunday — viz., at the Parish Church. This denomination therefore opened a mission in the large room in Clawdd Cock (which had done so much service in the past), which mission was continued for three years. In i836,one of their members, Mr. Joseph Hall, a native of Holt, built at his own expense a small Chapel in Mount Street, near to Raven Square, where for forty-five years service was regularly held under his super- intendence. In 1881, a Ht'w Church was built, from plans designed by Mr. Hall (at a cost of ^1,200), on the Holywell Road, not far from the old Chapel. This Church will seat the whole congregation, which numbers some 500 persons. There are 150 names on the books of the Sunday- school, and tlie number of communicants is from 45 to 50. We are also indebted to the Rev. Father Edward Byrne for the following historical account of the Catholic Mission at Flint, which will doubtless interest our Catholic readers : — " To the unobserving eye, the little school-chapel, standing some fifty yards off the main road, and at that point at the foot of the Halkyn hills where, just above the town of Flint, they give their last slope down to the river Dee, may pass unnoticed ; if, however, our road lies that way, morning, noon, or night, some one out of a number of circumstances is safe to happen, which will make it known that that modest and unpretentious building is the Catholic Chapel. Either the ear is caught by the ringing of a small, but not badly sounding bell, then a glance is given upwards in the direction of those deep-toned appeals, and a plain cross-crested belfry appears ; or betimes, reverent in manner and thoughtful of face, whilst sleep beneath its drowsy wing softly holds the remainder of their town's folk, are seen hurrying along to that place of worship an unusually large following of poor men, women, and children. They are going to hear early Mass. In any town these outward things mark a Catholic Church or Chapel ; they are hardly an exception in Flint. On a nearer approach to this plain brick building, and a closer examination of those worshipping beneath its roof, the former is seen to be an unmistakably modern structure, with no beauty about it from top to bottom, and the latter turn out to be aliens and strangers, almost every one of them. What connection, then, has this little hill-side chapel of to-day, or those worshippers of foreign visage, with that Catholic Church of which Basingwerk was the last in Flintshire, or with that noble roll of glorious saints, St. Winifride, St. Beuno, and St. Asaph, of whom in these latter days there has been no compeer ? " It may well be said that history is woven of indestructible threads, and every generation is the loom working them into different shades and forms, albeit warp and woof are the same. After the manner of handling them, will the difference of weft and texture and pattern be noted in each age. History does not deal in disjointed facts ; it takes up the impressions of each age, and spins them into one continuous whole. " The history and fortunes of the Catholic Church in Flint in this way are un- folded in that modest-looking chapel, and in the ruins of herworks in the past. " Hard by the grand old ruins of Basingwerk, stately and imposing in their cruelly neglected state, a Cistercian Abbey, founded in the year 1131 by Ranulf, Earl of Chester, tell alike of those palmy days when the Catholic Church, like the bay tree by the water-side, grew and flourished, beneath whose peaceful shelter no word of jarring creeds was heard. 234 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. " It is recoi-ded that in a grant of David ap Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, to the Abbey of Basing^verk, he gave 'the Church of Halliwelle, with the Chapel of Coleshul.' ' Coleshul' appears in Doomsday Book; so also does ' Ledbrook,' the adjoming district on the south side. Undoubtedly, then, ' Coleshul ' covered the whole of the area extending from Basing- WERK to this Ledbrook. " The name of ' Flint' is not met with until the time of Edward I. ; then it was that the portion of ' Coleshul ' situate upon the Dee, Castclluni super fluenie {fluminc), became known by the name of Flint. This makes it clear that the present Flint was the site of that ancient chapel, which by the grant of David ap Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, was attached to, and made dependent upon, Basingwerk. There is yet another reason for this opinion : for when the old church, itself a thirteenth-centuiy structure, was pulled down to make room for the present more commodious Parish Church, at the same time were unearthed tiles and other materials, which bore evidence and traces of a period anterior to the above-mentioned date. "The revenues of Basingwerk, when Hemy VIII.. in the thirty-second year of his reign, made a grant of it to Henry ap Harry, were £157 15^. 8^., a sum worth ^3,155 3^-. 4^/. of our present money. Basingwerk, with the chapel at Flint dependent upon it, followed the fate of a thousand othere throughout the land, and Ranulf's deed gift to God was given away to Henr)^ ap Harry. Greed and avarice swallowed up the revenues of the Church. The Penal Code was enacted and worked with a ruthless hand, alike against the pastors and professors of the old religion. Those who remained true to the faith of their baptism were now without priest or place of worship in Flint. They were constrained to go elsewhere, to ■ Halliwelle ' or Puddington, across the water, to seek the consolations of their religion ; and in doing so great secrecy had to be obsen'ed, lest they brought down on themselves and those ministering to them the vengeance of the law. How terrible this vengeance was, the hanging, drawing and disemboweling of John Pleasington, priest at Chester, for sajang Mass at Puddington, will be more than fact enough for us to conceive ! His speech before death is still extant. Doubtless many a Flint child had received baptism at his hands, and many were the hardy and brave Welshmen of Flint whose footsteps he had turned from the paths of sin and guile. "The Emancipation Act was passed in 1829. As of yore, the Catholics of Flint began to rally ; and from this time forth might be met, any Sunday in the year, wet or fine, little knots of them pressing forward to Holy^vell to hear Mass, or carrj'ing their little children thither to be christened. There were times too, though rare, when a priest came from HOLYWELL to Flint, said j\Iass in some room, heard confession, and administered baptism. . On these occasions, ' word of a priest coming ' Mas passed around amongst all the Catholics of the town as a piece of great and grateful news, and all at the hour fixed made eagerly for the rendezvous. "The year 1841 is one marked in red letters in the annals of the Catholics of Flint. Just three centuries, less one year, had elapsed, from the time Basingwerk, with the 'Chapel of Coleshul,' was confiscated. till Catholicity again became possessed of a spot in Flint, whereon she might build herself a sheltering home. In this year Mr. George Roskell, Mr. Edward Roberts, and Father Lythgoe, S.J., purchased a piece of land known as part of the ' Schinshut ' field, whereon to erect a Church, School, and Presbytery. *' In 1852, an event occurred which greatly hastened the strong and quick groM'th of Catholicity in the town. The Smelting Works, which well-nigh six centuries had stood on the banks of the Dee, and was the labour mart of Flint men, father and son, during all those many long years, changed hands. With the change of masters came a change in the staple HISTORY OF THE FLINT CATHOLIC MISSION. 235 • manufacture of the place. The old ' Leadworks ' now became the labora- tory of a more youthful and vigorous science, now a great and prosperous industry — practical chemistry. In the influx of population came many Irish families, to seek employment in the new works. On this great in- crease in their numbers, the Catholics of Flint felt sorely the great and trying need of a place nearer at hand — in fact, of building a place on the land which now had been theirs for over ten years — where they could more readily and easily attend to their religious duties, and send their children to school. It was a weary trudge, almost more than physical human nature could bear in many of them, winter and summer, in the face of biting winds and drifting snows, or on a sultry day beneath a broiling sun, clambering up the stiffish piece of road between Flint and Holywell. None more than the good Father Blackett of Holywell understood the difficulties of the Catholics in Flint, and the urgent necessity of building a place for them. Having espoused their cause, heart and soul he threw himself into it. The summer (July) of 1854 saw building operations begin ; Christmas Day of the same year witnessed the completion and public opening of the Chapel. Later on a cottage was added to the little chapel, in which a resident priest was soon to take up his abode, and so establish once again a Catholic Mission in Flint. A second event also happened opportunely in the county, which, more speedily than expected, accomplished this desideratum of the Catholics of Flint. Lord Feilding [now Earl Denbigh], of Downing, having gone over to the Catholic Church, eventually invited the Capuchin Fathers to come and settle at Pantasaph, and to take possession of the buildings originally intended to be a Protestant Church, but now completed as a Monasteiy. These fine buildings, for solidity of masonry and beauty of architecture, will long hold high place amongst the structures in the county. From this source the Catholics of Flint were provided with a resident priest ; though the credit of founding the Flint Mission will ever remain the due, and one of the many great honours, which so luminously shed their light on the Jesuits of Holywell. •" The priests of Pantasaph were Capuchins and foreigners. Looking over the Baptismal Registry, it is not a little amusing to note the spelling of Irish names. Many of them must have been a veritable puzzle to those good fathers. But they were wise in their day ; they went in right and left- for euphony, and left such names as Doffee (Duffy), Goff (Gough), Geritee (Geraghty), Goeen (Gowan), Hennery (Henry) to take care of themselves. In the commencement, evidently, to judge from the Baptismal Register, many of these fathers tried their hands, if we may use the phrase, at im- proving the spiritual life of their new charge. The first name we meet on opening the Baptismal Register is Father Aloysius, then Father Antony, afterwards Fathers Seraphin, Kelly, Hostage, and Ebnear, and several others. Father Ebnear's name, however, appears for a year in succession, so that it is probable that he really was the first resident priest. To him succeeded Father Lawrence, in less than twelve months after whose death, in 1863, the Rev. Patrick Power was appointed to the charge of the Mission. He added the new front to the north-east end. The bell and belfry, erected at the conjunction of the new and old parts of the chapel, are the gift of the late Mr. P. Ellis Eyion, M.P. In March of 1S79 the Rev. Edward Byrne succeeded the Rev. P. Power, who was removed to Congleton. ■*' Great has been the increase of late in the attendance of children at this school. The names of 200 children are now on the books. •" An earnest effort is now being made to raise funds to build a new Church on the ground adjoining the School, and to add moi^e class room to the existing school-chapel, which, when the new Church is built, will be given up for school purposes exclusively. ' A LIST OF THE ACTING MAGISTRATES OF THE COUNTY OF FLINT— 1883. Hugh Robert Hughes, Esq., Kinmel Park, Abergele, Lord-Lietifenant and Custos Rotuloruvi. Robert Frost, Esq., Mount Kinnerton, High Sheriff. Chairman of Quarter Sessions, J. ScOTT Bankes, Esq. Vice- Chairman, P. P. Pennant, Esq. Names. The Right Hon. Lord Mostyn . Ralph Richardson, Esq. *Howel Maddock Arthur Owen, Esq. ... James Richard Owen, Clerk *Robert Wills, Esq. William Maddock Williams, Clk. The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Denbigh *Edward Heniy Mostyn, Esq. * The Hon. Richard Thomas Rowley ♦Charles Butler Clough, Esq. *Charles James Trevor Roper, Esq. (Chairman of Caergwrle Division) David Francis Atcherley, Esq. . ♦Edmund Peel, Esq. (Chairman of Overton Division) Theophilus Puleston, Clerk Richard Pelham Warren, Esq. . Henry Potts, Esq. Richard Sankey, Esq. . ♦Philip William Godsal, Esq. ♦Robert Howard, Esq. Addresses. Mostyn, Holywell Grove Road, Eastbourne Llanfen-es, Mold Plas Bellin, Northop Bamcote, Reigate Hill Reigate, Surrey Downing, Holywell Arundel, Sussex 26, Eccleston Street, Ches ter Square, London Llwyn Offa, Mold Plas Teg, Mold . Marton Hall, Shrewsbury Bryn y Pys, Rhuabon . Worthenbury, Overton . Worting House, Basing- stoke . The Watergate, Chester Holywell Iscoed Park, Whitchurch, Salop . Broughton Hall, Malpas, Cheshire When Qualified. 14th July, 1825 4th Jan., 1843 25th Mar., 1845 15th Oct., 1845 1st July, 1846 '21st Oct., 1846 1st July, 1847 31st Jan., 1850 3rd July, 1850 26th Nov., 1850 2 1 St Mar., 1 85 1 iSth Mar., 1852 20th Oct., 1852 31st Mar., 1853 i8th Oct., 1854 4th July, 1855 19th Mar., 1856 i6th Oct., 1856 LIST OF THE ACTING MAGISTRATES OF THE COUNTY, 237 Names. Addresses. When Qualified. John Jocelyn Ffoulkes, Esq. *John Scott Bankes, Esq. (Chair- man of Mold and Northop Divisions) William Keates, Esq. Thomas Griffies Dixon, Esq. *Philip Bryan Davies Cooke, Esq. *Philip Pennant Pennant, Esq. . John Churton, Esq. *Bryan George Davies Cooke, Esq. .... John Carstairs Jones, Esq. Henry Charles Knight, Clerk Henry Ralph Browne, Esq. William Barber Buddicom, Esq. Offley Malcolm Crewe Read, Esq., R.N. . *The Rt. Hon. Henry Cecil Raikes, M.P *Pennant Athelwold Lloyd, Esq. . The Rt. Hon. Lord Richard Gros- venor, ALP. *William Henry Gladstone, Esq., M.P. (Chairman of Hawarden Division) Thomas Zephaniah Davies, Clerk The Hon. George Thomas Kenyon William Johnson, Esq. . Meadows Frost, Esq. Robert Frost, Esq. Sir Pyers William Mostyn, Barl. Conwy Grenville Hercules Rowley Conwy, Esq. . ,5^ Hugh Robert Hughes, Esq. The Hon. Roger Mostyn George Ash Butterton, Clerk, D.D. . . . . Thomas Wynne Eyton, Esq. Richard Henry Howard, Clerk . Richard Frederick Birch, Esq. . Alexander Fair Jones, Esq. William Price Jones, Esq. Henry John Potts, Esq. *Sir William Grenville Williams, Bart. . . . . Joseph Henry Lee, Esq. Walter Hownam Buddicom, Esq. Soughton Hall, Northop 19, The Parade, Leaming- ton Nant, Prestatyn, Rhyl . Gwysaney, Mold Nantlys, Saint Asaph Morannedd, Rhyl Colomeny, Mold Hartsheath, Mold Heathlands, Malvern Wells . Penbedw, Mold . Llandinam, Montgomery- shire . Llwynegrin Hall, Mold . Pentrehobin, Mold 12, Upper^Brook Street, London, W. . Hawarden Castle, Chester Whitford Vicarage, Holy- well . Llanerch Panna, Penley, EUesmere Broughton Hall, Chester St. John's House, Chester Lime Grove, Chester Talacre, Rhyl . Bodrhyddan, Rhyl Ystrad, Denbigh Mostyn, Holywell Rhyl . Tower, Mold Wigfair, Saint Asaph Maeselwy, Saint Asaph . Sandown Terrace, Chester Albion Villa, Rhyl The Watergate, Chester . Bodelwyddan. St. Asaph Redbrook, Whitchurch, Salop . Penbedw, Mold . 7th Jan., 1857 2nd July, 1857 31st July, 1857 17th Mar., 1858 29th Mar., i860 )> >> 4th July, i860 2ist Mar., 1861 1st Aug., 1862 7th Jan., 1863 18th Mar., 1863 27th Nov., 1863 2nd Dec, 1863 6th Jan., 1864 24th Mar., 1864 4th April, 1866 23rd May, 1866 1 8th July, 1866 24th Jan., 1867 20th Feb., 1867 2ist Oct., 1868 20th Nov., 1868 6th Jan., 1869 29th Jan., 1869 7th April, 1869 30th June, 1869 3rd Nov., 1869 3rd Jan., 1872 2nd July, 1872 29th April, 1873 24th Feb., 1874 8th April, 1874 19th May, 1874 30th June, 1874 238 HISTORIC NOTICES OF FLINT. Names. Addresses. Arthur Mesham, Esq, Walter Evans, Clerk The Hon. Edward Frederick Kenyon St. John Charlton, Esq. . Harold Lees, Esq. Horatio Lloyd, Esq. Hugh Robert Hughes, Esq. Boscawen Trevor Griffith Bos- cawen, Esq. Thomas Parry Jones Parry, Esq. Edward Thompson, Esq. William Hancock, Esq. . John Eldon Bankes, Esq, Charles Edward Thornycroft,Esq. Arthur Pemberton Lonsdale, Esq. Richard Venables Kyrke, Esq. . John Henry, Esq. George AUanson Cayley, Esq. . Llewelyn Nevill Vaughan Lloyd Mostyn, Esq. . Richard Muspratt, Esq. Thomas Bate, Esq. Robert James Sisson, Esq. Charles Peter Morgan, Esq. Henry Richard Lloyd Howard, Esq. .... Robert Charles Webster, Esq. . Edwin Morgan, Esq. Sir Wyndham Edward Hanmer, Bart. .... Edward Walthall Delves Brough- ton, Esq. . William Thom, Esq. Pontryftydd, Trefnant, Rhyl Rectory, Halkyn, Holywell 7, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C. . Pentreffynnon House, Holywell Pickhill Hall, Wrexham Sandown Terrace, Chester Kinmel Park, Abergele . Trevallyn Hall, Wrexham LlwynOnn Hall, Wrexham Plas Annie, Mold Aston Bank, Hawarden Soughton Hall, Northop Deeside, Bangor, Wrex ham . Gredington, Whitchurch Salop . Pen-y-Wern, Mold Lygan-y-Wern, Halkyn, Holywell Llanerch Park, St. Asaph Gloddaeth, Conway Trelawny House, Flint Kelsterton, Flint Talardy, St. Asaph Bryn yr Haul, Mold Wigfair, St. Asaph Abbey Gate, Bangor, Is y Coed, near Wrexham Cae Gwyn Tremeirchion St. Asaph Bettisfield Park, Whit church, Salop . The Cottage, St. Asaph Springfield House, Ha warden When Qualified. 30th June, 1874 20th Oct., 1874 5th Jan., 1875 1 6th Feb., 1875 6th April, 1875 25th May, 1875 17th July, 1875 Sth April, 1876 17th Oct., 1876 3rd April, 1877 20th July, 1877 1st Jan., 1878 2nd July, 1878 15th Oct., 1878 nth Nov, 1878 2 1 St May, 1879 6th Jan., 1880 6th April, 1880 6th April, 1881 28th June, 1 88 1 4th April, 1882 27th June, 1882 * Deputy-Lieutenants. Chief County Officials. Clerk of the Peace and Clerk to the Lieutenancy — A. T. Roberts, Esq. County Treasurer — Dacre Trevor-Roper, Esq. Chief Constable — Peter Browne, Esq. (Rhyl.) Utider-She7-iff—T\\oma.s Thelwell Kelly, Esq. (Mold.) Coroners— '^iWiTvm. Davies, Esq. (Rhyl). W. Pay, Esq. (Hanmer and Overton). the corporation of the borough. 239 Corporation of Flint. Mayor — Alderman Richard Muspratt. Aldermen — Richard Muspratt (i),John Kingsby Huntley (i), Peter Alfred Mawdsley (4), and Alfred Dyson (4). Councillors — R. W. Bowen (i), J. P. Davies (i), Robert Jones (i), Robert Williams (i), Richard Evans (2), E. J. Hughes (2), Joseph Hall, jun. (2), J. L. Muspratt (2), Benjamm Bennett (3), S. K. Muspratt (3), Walter Owen (3), and Maurice Roberts (3). [The figures denote the number of years each member has to serve.] Officials. Tow7i Clerk, Clerk to the Urban Sanitary Authority , Clerk to the School Attenda7ice Committee, and Cle7-k to the Boroicgh yustices — Henry Taylor. Boi-ough Treasii7-er — Thomas Cleave. Medical Officer of Health — ^Richard Jones, M.R.C.S.E. and L.S.A.L. Sanitary Inspector and School Attendance Officer — W. E. Bithell. Surveyor and Collector of Rates — Hugh Owen. Ser- geant-at- Mace— ThomdiS Ward. Auditors — T. B. Taylor and Robert Jones. Chairman of the School Attendance Committee — Councillor S. K. Muspratt Chairman of the Health Comtiiittee — Alderman A. Dyson. Chairman of the Watch and Finance Committee— Councillor^. L. Muspratt. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Adams, Mr. C, Deputy Chief Constable, Flintshire Constabulary, Mold, Adnitt, H. W., Esq., Shrewsbury. Armour, Mr. John, Kelsterton, Flint. Astbury, Mr. Jonathan, Northop. Ayling, A. W. Esq., Chester. Bagnall, Benjamin, Esq., Eaton Gardens, Hove, Sussex, Bailey, John E., Esq., F.S.A., Stretford, Manchester. Bankes, John Eldon, Esq., J. P. ,4, Elm Court, Temple, London, E.C, Barker, Alfred, Esq., Chester. Bate, Thomas, Esq., J. P., Kelsterton, Flint. Beasley, Mr. JoRn, Golftyn, Flint, Beedham, B., Esq., Ashfield House, near Kimbolton. Bellis, George, Esq., Surveyor, Mold, Beresford, Mr. Samuel, Bon Marche, Mold, Bennett, Councillor Benjamin, Flint, Beswick, Mr. Harry, Queen's Park, Chester. Bevan, Mr. J. G., Church Street, Flint. Bibby, Mr. Peter, Canada House, Flint. Bird, Mr. George, Bridge Street, Chester. Bithell, Lieut. John Joseph, Flint. Bithell, Mr. W. E., School Attendance Officer, Flint, Blelock, Charles James, Esq., Chester. Bostock, R. C, Esq., Little Langtons, Lower Camden, Chislehurst, Kent, Boston Public Library, U.S.A. Bowen, Councillor, R. W., Flint, Boydell, George, Esq., Golborn Manor, Hatton Heath, Chester. Bramall, George Henry, Esq., Chester. Brassey, Ernest, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Brereton, A. J., Esq., (Andreas o Von), Mold, Brown, H. T. Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Brown, Miss N., Boughton, Chester. Brown, William, Esq., Curzon Park, Chester. Browne, Peter, Esq., Chief Constable of Flint.shire, Rhyl. Browne, T. L. Murray, Esq., Rhyl. Buckton, J. R., Esq., Solicitor, Warrington, Burgess, Mr. Thomas, Chester Street, Flint. Burton, John R. Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Bury, Thomas, Esq., Town Clerk, Wrexham. Byrne, Rev. Edward, Flint. Caldecutt, A. E., Esq., Solicitor. Chester. . LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. . 241 Carman, j\Ir. John, High Street, Holywell. Carr, Mr. Thomas, Swan Street, Flint, Carrington, Alfred, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Cartwright, J. P., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Charles, Mrs. A. P., East View, Rhyl. Chester and North Wales Law Society. Chester, The late Col. J. L., D.C.L., LL.D., Southwark Park Road, London. Christopherson, Mrs. Mary, Flint. Churton, John, Esq., J. P., Morannedd, Rhyl. Clegg, Mrs. E. Venables, 6, Hough Green, Chester. Clough, Mrs. C. Butler, Llwyn Offa, Mold. CoUey, William Davies, Esq., M.D., Chester. Collier, Mr. Charles, Northop. Conway, Mr. R., 74, Mostyn Street, Llandudno. Conwy, Major C. G. H. Rowley, J. P., Bodrhyddan, Rhyl. Cooke, Lieut. -Colonel B. G. Davies, J.P., Colomendy, Mold. Cooke, F., Esq., Town Clerk, Crewe. Cooke, Philip B. Davies, Esq., J.P. Gvi^ysaney, Mold. Cope, H. A., Esq.. Solicitor, Holywell. Corbett, John, Esq., Wine Merchant, Mold. Craft, Mrs., Chester Street, Flint. Craft, Mrs. Richard, Dolphin Inn, Mold. Cripps, Rev. J. M., Burlington Villa, Hamlet Road, Upper Norwood. Croall, Thomas A., Esq., 3, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh. Crockett, Rev. R. P., MA., Eccleston Vicarage, Prescot. Culleton, Thomas, Esq., 25, Cranbourne Street, London. Cullimore, John, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Cunliffe, Sir R. A., Bart., M.P., Acton Park, Wrexham. Cunliffe, Lady, Acton Park, Wrexham. Currey, James, Esq., 17, Edge Lane, Liverpool. Davies, E. J., Esq., Clerk to the Guardians, Holywell. Davies, The Rev. James, M.A., Moor Court, Kington, Herefordshire. Davies, Councillor Isaac P., Flint. Davies, Mr. John P., Crane Street, Chester. Davies, Mrs. Margaret, Pentre, Flint. Davies, Mr. R., Menai Bridge Inn, Pentre, Flint. Davies, Mr. Shem, Chemical Tavern, Flint. Davies, William, Esq., Coroner for Flintshire, Rhyl. Davies, Mr. William, Flint Mountain, Flint. Dawson, The late Mrs. E., Chester Street, Flint. Dawson, R. M., Esq., Wembury Villa, Albert Park, Liverpool. Deeley, W. C, Esq., Curzon Park, Chester. Denbigh, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Newnham, Paddox, Lutterworth. Denman, Mr. Edward, 55, Cedar Grove, Liverpool. Derby, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Knowsley Hall, Lancashire. Dickson, S. J. R., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Dobie, W. M., Esq., M.D.. Chester. Douglas, John, Esq., Architect, Chester, Duncan, C. W., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Dyson, Alderman Alfred, Flint. Dyson, Captain C. E., Flint. Eachus, Mr. J. T., Cross Street, Holywell. Earwaker, J. P., Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Pensarn, Abergele. Eaton, Mr. Joseph, Briglwyd, Mold. 16 242 .LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Edwards, The Rev. Professor, M.A., C. M. College, Bala. Edwards, Mr. John, Victoria Villa, Flint. Edwards, Mr. John, Lower Bridge Street, Chester. Edwards, J. E., Esq., City Treasurer, Chester. Edwards, Mr. Henry, Earl Street, Flint. Edwards, Mr. Pyers, Spread Eagles Hotel, Holywell. Edwards, Mr. VV., Feathers Street, Flint. Elvin, C. N., Esq., Eckling Grange, East Dereham. Evans, Mr. E. F., Orrell Park, Aintree, near Liverpool. Evans, Mr. Joseph W. M., Flint. Evans, J. Kerfoot, Esq., Frondeg, Holywell. Evans, P. M., Esq., Solicitor, Holywell. Evans, Councillor Richard, Pentre, Flint. Evans, Mr. R. J. , Boston Villa, Rotherham. Evans, William, Esq. , 3, Hough Green, Chester. Eyton, Adam, Esq., J. P., Plas Llanerchymor, Holywell. Farries, R. S. E., Esq., Stradbroke House, Highbury Grange, London. Fenwick. G. L., Esq., Chief Constable, Chester. Ffoulkes, W. Wynne, Esq., M.A., Judge of County Courts. Chester. Fischer, C. A., Esq., St. David's, Saltney, Chester. Foulkes, Mr. A., Mostyn Estate Offices, Llandudno. Foulkes, Mr. John, Mount Street, Flint. Foulkes, W. Langford, Esq., 5, Paper Buildings, Temple. Fletcher, Phillips Lloyd, Esq., Nerquis Hall, Mold. Fletcher, T. A., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Fluitt, A. R., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Free Public Libraries, Birkenhead. Chester. Liverpool. Manchester. Sydney, New South Wales. Wigan. Freeman. Mr. W^illiam, Red Lion Hotel, Holywell. Frost, F. Aylmer, Esq., Meadowslea, Mold. Frost, J. G., Esq.. Lime Grove, Chester. Frost, Meadows A., Esq., 18, Devonshire Place, Claughton, Birkenhead. Frost, Robert, Esq., J. P. (High Sheriff of Flintshire), Lime Grove, Chester. Gamon, John, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Garner, Mr. Joseph, High Street, Holywell. George, The Rev. John, B.A., Flint. George, Oliver, Esq., Solicitor, Rhyl. Gibson, James, Esq., 116, Prince's Road, Liverpool. Gladstone, The Right Hon. W. E., M.P., Hawarden Castle. . Gladstone, W. H., Esq., M.P., Hawarden Castle. Gleadowe, The Rev. R. W., M.A.,the Vicarage, Neston. Gleave, Thomas, Esq., Borough Treasurer, Flint. Gleave, The Rev. Thomas, Leeds. Gleave. Mr. Edward H., Liverpool. Gray, Mr. Henry, Antiquarian and Topographical Bookseller, 25, Cathedral Yard, Manchester. Green, Thomas, Esq., Hawarden. Griffith, Mr. Giles R., 30, Hough Green, Chester, Griffith, J. Lloyd, Esq., M.A., Solicitor, Holyhead. Griffiths, Mr. John, Eastgate Street, Chester. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. ' 243 Griffiths, Mr. Pryce, Castle Street, Flint. Griffiths, Mr. T. Chambers, Bryn Celyn, Greenfield. Holywell. Griffiths, Mr. Thomas Williams, 5. Hough Green, Chester. Grimsley, Charles. Esq. , Clerk to the Guardians, St. Asaph. Grosvenor, The Right Hon. Lord Richard, M.P., 12, Upper Brook Street, London. Grundy, Alfred. Esq., Whitefield, near Manchester. Hall, Mr. Charles, 26, Fairclough Lane, Liverpool. Hall, Councillor Joseph, Flint. Hamilton, Alexander, Esq., Surgeon, Chester. Hanmer, The Rev. Henry, M.A., Grendon Rectory, Atherstone. Hanmer, Llewellyn, Esq., Oak Cottage, Timperley, Cheshire. Hanmer, Thomas, Esq., Ashbourne, Rainhill. Harnett, Mrs. Elizabeth, 12, Town Walls, Shrewsbury. Harrison, Mrs. and Miss Bathgate, Oakenholt Hall, Ladies' Seminary, Flint. Harrison, Mrs. Sarah, Swan Hotel, Flint. Havard, College Library, U.S.A. Haverfield, J., Esq., Governor H.M. Prison, Carlisle. Haywood, Thomas F., Esq., 27. Grove Road, Rock Ferry. Henr)', John, Esq., J. P., Lygen-y-Wern, Halkyn. Hewitt, Mrs. Ann, Fallowfield, Manchester. Hewitt, Mr. John, Bqughton Heath, Chester. Hewitt. Mr. George, Black Horse Inn, Buckley. Hewitt, Mr. William, 2, Abbey Square, Chester. Higgle, Mr. Thomas, Cornist, Flint. Hilditch, Mr. John, Swan Street, Flint. Hope, William, Esq.. Thurstaston Hall, Birkenhead. Horabin, Mr. Thomas, 7, St. Martin's Fields, Chester. Howard, A. K., Esq., J. P., Flint. Howard. J. J., Esq., LL.D., P\S.A., 3, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, Kent. Howell, Mr. Edward, 26, Church Street, Liverpool. Howell, Leigh, Esq., the Foundry. Bagillt. Hughes, Councillor E. J., Flint. Hughes, Mr. E., Raven Inn, Flint. Hughes, George, Esq , Halkyn. Hughes, H. R., Esq., J. P., Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire, Kinmel Park, Abergele. Hughes, John, Esq., City Road, Chester. Hughes, Mr. John. Plough Lin, Flint. Hughes, Mr. Joseph, Mount Villa, Mount Street, Flint. Hughes, Mr. J. E. Vaughan, Cornist Lodge, Flint. Hughes, Mr. Joseph. Bryncoch, Flint. Hughes, Thomas, Esq.. F.S.A., The Groves, Chester, Hughes, jNIr. Thomas, Coach and Horses Lin, Flint. Hughes, Mr. Thomas, Pentre, Flint. Hughes, Mr. Thomas. Greenfield, Holywell. Hughes, The late Councillor William, Coleshill, Flint. Humberston, Colonel Philip S., Glan-y-Wern, near Denbigh Huntley, Alderman J. K., T-P-, Highfield Hall, Flint. Hull, Mr. William, Oakenholt, Flint. Jackson, Mrs. Ann, Black Lion Inn, Flint. Jackson, Mr. Robert, Castle Inn, Flint. James, The Rev. W. Price. Flint. Jenkins, Mrs. Elizabeth, Harp Inn, Flint. 244 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Johnson, Bryan, Esq., 34, King Street, Chester. Johnson, T. James, Esq., 12, Brunswick Buildings, Liverpool. Johnson, WiUiam, Esq., J. P., Broughton Hall, near Chester. Jonas, A. C, Esq., Trafalgar House, Swansea. Jones, Mr. Arthur, Penyball Nurseries, Holywell. Jones, Mrs. Bibby, Tythe Bam Place, Flint. Jones, Mr. Edward, Albert House, Flint. Jones, Mrs. Elizabeth, Flint Castle Inn, Flint. Jones, E. J., Esq., Union Bank, London. Jones, Mr. Edward, South Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Jones, Mr. Evan, Stanley Street, Mold. Jones, Henry Watson, Esq., Grosvenor Park Road, Chester. Jones, Mr. Hugh, London House, Flint. Jones, John, Esq., Curzon Park, Chester. Jones, J. Harrison, Esq., 19, Derby Road, Liverpool. Jones, J. Parry, Esq., junr., Town Clerk, Denbigh. Jones, Joseph. Esq., F.S.A., Brecon. Jones, Mr. J. R. (Gomeiydd). The Schools. Caerwys. Jones, Mr. Isaac, Local Board Surveyor, Mold. Jones, Mr. Ishmael, Trelawny Square, Flint. Jones, Miss M. E., Postmistress, Holywell. Jones, Rev. Michael, Flint. Jones, Mr. Michael Parry, Canada House, Flint. Jones, Mr. O. W., Church Street, Flint. Jones, Mr. Peter, Coed Onn Farm, Flint. Jones, Mr. Peter, Flint Mountain, Flint. Jones, Richard, Esq., J. P., Surgeon, Medical Officer of Health, Flint. Jones, Councillor Robert, Flint. Jones, Mr. Robert, Bradford House, Flint. Jones, Mr. R. Llewellyn, 6, Brighton Terrace, Rhyl. Jones, Miss Sarah, Holywell Street, Flint. Jones, Mr. Thomas, Post Office, Flint. Jones, William, Esq., The Quhita, Overton. Jones, Mr. William, Church Street, Flint. Jones, Mr. William, Neston. Jones, W. H., Esq., Carnarvon. Joynson, Mrs. Mary, Yatch Inn, Pentre, Flint. Keates, William, Esq., J.P., Leamington and Greenfield, Holywell. Keene, A. T., Esq., Solicitor, Mold. Kelly, Thomas T., Esq., Under-sheriff, Mold. Kelso, E. H. G., Esq., 20, Hyde Park Street, London. Kemp, J. L., Esq., The Northgate, Chester. Kendrick, Mr. John, Cornist Bach, Flint, Kenney, Mr. Thomas, i. West View, Pentre, Flint. Kenyon, The Hon. George, J. P., Llanerch Panna, EUesmere. Kirby, Edmund, Esq., Architect, 37, Delamere Terrace, Birkenhead. Lambert, Mr. T. A., King's Head Hotel, Holywell. Lane, H. Murray, Esq., Chester Herald, Royal College of Arms, London. Lewis, Mrs. Bryn Edwin, Flint. Lewis, A. Casson, Esq., Solicitor, John Street, London. Lewis, Fred J., Esq., 4, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, London. Library Committee, Guildhall, London. Lloyd, The late Mrs., Nannerch. Lloyd, Miss Elizabeth, Red Lion Inn, Flint. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 245 Lloyd, Colonel E. Evans, Plas Newton, Chester. Lloyd, Horatio, Esq., J. P., Judge of County Courts, Chester, Lloyd, Mr. John, Salusbury Street, Flint. Lloyd, Mr. John S., Plas Captain, near Holywell. Lockwood, Thomas M., Esq., Architect, Chester. Lowe, Mr. George B., Hough Green, Chester. MacCorquodale, George, Esq., Newton-le- Willows. MacDonald, Mr. J. H., Cefn-y-bedd, Wrexham. MacHattie, John, Esq., Sheriff of Chester. Maclntyre, JEneasJ., Esq., Q.C., M.P., Temple, London. MacLaren, Inspector Thomas, Flintshire Constabulary, Rhyl. Marsden, Mr. John, Whitford Street. Holywell. Marshall, F., Esq.. 3, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, London. Massey, T. Wood, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Massie, Admiral, Stanley Place, Chester. Matthews, Mrs., Swan Street, Flint. Mawdsley, Alderman P. A., J. P., Wern, Flint. Mayhew, Mrs., 13, Kensington Park Gardens. London, W. Mayor, The Worshipful the Mayor of Flint, Aldennan Richard Muspratt, J. P. Mayor, The Rev. John E. B., M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. Mesham, Captain A., J. P., Pontryffydd, Bodfari, Rhyl. Moon, Miss Ann, Trelawny House, Flint. Morgan, Mr. John, Stanley Street, Mold. Morris, Mr. George, Castle Terrace, Flint. Morris, Robert, Esq., The Woodlands, Sutton, Chester. Moss, H., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Mostyn, The Lady Augusta Nevill, Gloddaeth, Conway. Mostyn, Llewelyn, Esq., J. P., Gloddaeth. Conway. Mostyn, Llewelyn, Esq., 36, Grove End Road, St. John's Wood. London. Mostyn, Colonel The Hon. Savage, C.B., 23rd Regiment, Regimental District, Wrexham. Mostyn, Thomas Pyers, Esq., Factory Department, Home Office, London, S.W. Muspratt, Councillor James Liebig, J. P., Flint. Muspratt, Councillor Sydney Knowles, J. P., Flint. Muspratt, Edmund K., Esq., Seaforth Hall, near Liverpool. Nicholas, The Rev. W. LI., M.A., The Rectory, Flint. Nicholson, John, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Oldfield, Mr. Robert. Rhyl. Ormiston, John, Esq., Rhyl. Osborne, G. H., Esq., Mayfield Cottage, Perry Barr, Birmingham. Owen, Mr. Hugh, Borough Surveyor, Flint. Owen, Mr. John, Raven Square, Flint. Owen, Councillor Walter, Flint. Parkes, Mr. Alfred, Bridge Street Row, Chester. Parkins, William Trevor, Esq., Glasfryn, Gresford. Parry, R., Esq., Hoole, Chester. Parry, Mr. Richard, Eastgate Row, Chester. , Parry, Mr. Thomas, Evans Street, Flint. Partington, Mr. Miles R., St. Asaph. Peel, Edmund, Esq., J. P., D.L., Brynyps, Rhuabon. Pennant, P. P., Esq., J.P., D.L., Nantlys, St. Asaph. Perks. Samuel, Esq., Rhyl. Perryn, Lieut.-Colonel G. E., Junior United Service Club, London. 246 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Perryn, R. H., Esq., 27, Adrian Square, Westgate-on-Sea. Peters, Mr. John, Richmond Place, Chester. Pierce, Mr. Edward, Feathers Street, Flint. Pierce, Mrs. Jane, Sherbourne House, Leamington. Pierce, William, Esq., Oaklands. Bagillt. PiercCy, Mrs. Martha, Glynne Arms Inn, Caergwrle. Pink. William Buncombe, Esq., Leigh, Lancashire. Powell, Joseph, Esq., B.A., 3, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, London. Powis, the Right Hon. the Earl of, LL.D., D.C.L., Powis Castle, Welshpool. Poynton, Mr. Edward, Little London, Flint. Preston, R. Montagu, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Price, Cormell, Esq., United Service Coll., Westward Ho. Price, John, Esq., 26, North John Street, Liverpool. Price, J. Lloyd, Esq., Pendre House. Holywell. Price, Mr. Robert, Church Street, Flint. Prichard. Mr. George, Queen's Park, Chester. Pugh, David, Esq., Solicitor, Holywell. Puleston, J. H., Esq., M.P., 7, Dean's Yard, Westminster Abbey. Ratcliffe, Mr. James, Hawarden. Ravenscroft, Edwai-d J.; Esq., 14, Loudoun Road. St. John's Wood, London. Ravenscroft. Francis, Esq., Birkbeck Bank, Southampton Buildings, London. Richardson, Arthur, Esq., Architect, Birkenhead. Ridgvvay, Col. A., Sheplegh Court, Blackawton, S. Devon. Roberts, Askew, Esq., Croeswylan, Oswestry. Roberts, F. E., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Roberts, Hugh G., Esq., Solicitor. Mold. Roberts, John, Esq., M.P., Bryngwenallt, Abergele. Roberts, John. Esq., Surgeon, Chester. Roberts, Mr. John, Glasgow House, Flint. Roberts, Councillor Maurice, Allt Voes, Flint. Roberts, M. D., Esq., Solicitor, Rhyl. Roberts, Mr. R., The Registry. St. Asaph. Roberts, Mr. R. Mostyn, 9, White Friars, Chester. Roberts, Thomas Quellyn, Esq., 86, Watergate Flags, Chester. Robertson, George, Esq., 17. Warwick Square, London. Rogers, James. Esq., Accountant, Chester. Rogers, Mr. Matthew J., Halkyn Street. Flint. Rogers, William, Esq., Solicitor. Chester. Rogers. Mr. William. Chester Road. Flint. Roller, F. W., Esq., The Grange, Clapliam Common, London Roper, Colonel C. J. Trevor, J. P., Plas Teg, Mold. Rose. Josiah, Esq., Leigh, Lancashire. Roskell, Mrs. Ellen, Stokyn, Holywell. Rowland, The Rev. Thomas, The Vicarage, Rhuddlan. Rowlands, Mr. A., 144, Wellington Road, Rhyl. Salisbury. Edward E., Esq., New Haven. Connecticut, U.S.A. Sali-sbury, The Rev. E. E. Baylee, B. D.. The Rectory, Winceby, Lincolnshire. Salisbury, E. R. G., Esq., Glan-Aber, Chester. Salusbury, The Rev. George A., S.C. L., Westbury Rectory, Shi'ewsbury. Salusbuiy, P. H. B., Esq., Glan-Aber. Chester. Sankey, Richard, Esq., J, P., Holywell. Sharpe, F. W., Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Shaw, Mr. Giles, 72, Manchester Street. Oldham. Shone, Mr. W., F.G.S., 42, Watergate Street, Chester. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 247 SIei.!,dat, Thomas, Esq., Dyserth, Rhyl. Sinalley, W. E., Esq., North and South Wales Bank, Rhyl. Smart, The Ven. Archdeacon, M.A., The Vicarage, Northop. Smith, Albert G., Esq., Pentre, Flint. Spencer, Mr. John, Canada Terrace, Flint. ■ Strangways, W., Esq., 59, Westmoreland Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Swift, Mr. J. S., Black Lion Hotel, Mold. Tatlock, John, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Taylor, Frank, Esq., Sandycroft, Havvarden. Taylor, Henry E., Esq., Aston Hall, Hawarden. Taylor, Isaac. Esq., J. P., Coleshill Cottage, Flint. Taylor, Mr. John, Queen Street. Chester. Taylor, Miss M. H., 4, Curzon Park, Chester. Taylor, Mark, Esq., Denton, near Manchester. Taylor, Mr. Thomas, National .Schools, Flint. Taylor, Mr. T. B., Trelawny Square, Flint. Thairwall, F. T., Esq., 169, Gloucester Road, Regent's Park. Thomas, Mr. John, Bank House, Flint. Thomas, Mr. Robert, Chapel Street, Holywell. Thomas, Mr. Thomas. Clerk to Commissioners of Taxes, Holywell. Thomas, W., Esq., LL.B., Adelaide, South Australia. Thompson, Edward, Esq., J. P., Plas Annie, Mold. Thompson, John, Esq., Boughton Hall, Chester. Thompson, Mr. Joseph, 9, Trinity Street, Chester. Tibl)its, Clement William, .Solicitor, Connah's Quay. Trelawny, Sir John Salusbury, Bart., Trelawne, Cornwall. Turner, Joseph, Esq., Curzon Park, Chester. Tweedie, Mr. John, Mount Street, Flint. Walford, Cornelius, Esq., M.A., 86, Belsize Park Gardens, London. Walker, A. O., Esq., Chester. Walker, F. A., Esq., Lead Works. Chester. ' Walker, Mr. W. B., Oakenholt, Flint. Ward, Mr. Thomas, Sergeant-at-Mace, Flint. Welsby, Walter, Esq., Chester. Westminster, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Eaton, Chester. Wetherell, Jonathan, Esq., Ash Grove, Chester. Wilkinson, Mr. Samuel, Flint. Williams, Mr. Edward, Curzon Cottage, Saltney. Chester. Williams, Mr. E. L., Middle Mill, Flint. WiUiams, The Rev. Professor Hugh, M.A., C. M. College, Bala. Williams, Mr. H. M'achno, Greenfield, Holywell. Williams, James, Esq., i. New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London. William.s, James, Esq., Surgeon, Holywell. Williams, Mr. Joseph, Mount Pleasant, Flint. Williams, Mr. J. J., F.G.S. (Josephus), Holywell. Willianis, J. T., Goldsmith Buildings, Temple. Williams, P. Mostyn, Esq., Wellington Road, Rhyl. Williams, Councillor Robert, Flint. Williams, R. J., Esq., Solicitor, Flint. Williams, R. J., 12, Brunswick Buildings, Liverpool. Williams, The Rev. R. O., M.A., The Vicarage, Holywell. Williams, Councillor Robert, Flint. Williams, Mr. Robert, Mumford Street, Flint. Williams, Mr. Roger, Mumford Street, Flint. 248 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Williams, T. F. F., Esq., Oriel College, Oxford. Williams, Mr. T. LI., 60, Tarvin Road, Chester. Williams, Mr. William, Wellington Inn, Bagillt. Williams, W. H., Esq., 13, Regent Street, Wrexham. Williams, W. H. P., Esq., 74, Park Street, Grosvenor Square, London. Williams, The Rev. William Maddock, M.A., J. P., Barncote, Reigate. Williams, William, Esq., M.D., Mold. Williams, W. R., Esq., Solicitor, Rhyl. Williams, Mr, W., Glasfryn, Caerwys. Williamson, Samuel, Esq., Solicitor, Chester. Williamson, W. S., Esq., Solicitor, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester. Wilson, Captain Henry, Hope, Mold. Wilson, William, Esq., Hyde Hill, Berwick-on-Tweed. Wynn, Sir Watkin Williams, Bart., M.P., Wynnstay, Rhuabon. f>J}.M. INDEX. Adecrosse (or Croes Ati) mill, i, 7, 40, 68, 71. Agincourt, the Welsh at, 96. Anne, death of Queen, 154. Antiknap, John, appointed Janitor of Flint Castle, 105, 106. Aston estate, near Hawarden, 143. Atiscross (Croes Ati or Atti), large cross at, 7. Atiscross, Hundred of, i. Backerum, David de, Constable of Flint Castle, Bakkelegh, 42. Bagillt (Bakkeleigh), 14, 42. Bailiffs of Flint, list of, 35, 178. Baptisms at Flint Church, 128, 160. Basingwerk Abbey, 90, loi; dissolved, 117 ; David ap Llewelyn's gift to, 14. Basingwerk, Owen Gwynedd's army at, 13; Edward I. at, 19. Bate, Edward, Mayor, 209, 210, 216, 220, 223. Beaumaris Castle, 25, 92. Bolde, Richard de. Justice of Flint, 97. Bolingbroke meets Richard II. in Flint Castle, 73. Bostock, Launcelot, leases Flint mill, 107, 127. Bosworth Field, Welsh at, 102. Bradford, Jordan de, Constable of Flint, 36. Brereton family, 129, 136, 144, 162,168. Brereton, Owen Salusbury, Constable of Flint Castle, 168. Brereton, Roger, M.P. for Flint Boroughs, 131. Bretton, seatofKavenscroftfamily,i25, Bridges destroyed by floods, 226. Britons, Ceangi a sect of, 2. Browne, Rev. T. B. LI., Rector of Flint, 156, 213. Brown, Wm., Constable of Flint, 36. Brunham, John de, Chamberlain of Chester, 42. Bryn Coch, near Flint, 167. Bryn-dychwelwch, 14. Bryn Edwin, lO. Bryn Ithell, watches at, during war, 90. Bryn-y-Cwn, or Hill of Dogs, 10. Bulkeley, Sir Richard, Queen Eliza- beth's favourite, 125 Bulkeley, Sir R. B. W., Bart., M.P. for Borough, 206. Burghasgh, Bartholomew, Justice of Chester, 42. Burials at Flint. 129, 161. Butler family, 160, 161, 162, 166. Caergwrle, Charters to, IIO. Caerwys, Eisteddfod held at, 124 ; Charters to, no. Calvinistic Methodist Society, 231. Carter, Colonel, 136, 140, 141. Catherine of Berain, 134. Catholics, Roman, at Flint, 233. Census of Flint, 199, 214, 221, 223, 227. Champnent, Peter de, 32. Charles I. ascends the throne, 133 ; petitioned by Flint county, 135 ; answers the petition, 135. Charters to Flint [see Flint]. Chauntrell, William, appointed Jus- tice of Flint, 97. Cheshire and Chester pardoned for rebellion against Henry IV., 92. Chester raises a fleet for Henry IV., 88. Chester and Holyhead railway opened, 210. Cholera at Flint, 193. Cholmondeley, Hugh, appointed Janitor of Flint Castle, 106. Churchwardens of Flint, 156, 163. Clergy of Flint, 155. Coliham, Eleanor, in custody, 99. Coed Stanley, 94. Coed-y-Cra, Howell Gwynydd's lands at, 94. Coghull, Roger De, Keeper of Flint Castle, 67. Coleselt, an ancient name of Coles- hill, 10. Coleshill, battle of, 13. Coleshill-Fawr, township of, I. Coleshill Fechan, township of, i. Coleshill, Hundred of, i. Colsul Chapel granted to Basingwerk Abbey, 14. Constables of Flint Castle, list of, 62. Conway, Benj., Rector of Flint, 155. ,, Castle, Edward I. at, 30. , , Hugh, at Bosworth field, 102. ,, John, Esq., member for Borough, 125, 127. Conway, King Richard arrives at, 73. Conway, Sir H., M.P. for county, 145. 250 INDEX. Conway, Sir J., M.P, for county, 145, 148. Cornist, 166. Courci. Robert De, slain at Coleshill, 13. Croes Ati. mill at, I, 7, 40, 68, 71. Davenport, Ralph de. Constable of Flint Castle, 43, 67. David ap Blethen ap Ithell slain at Shrewsbuiy, 94. David ap Llewelyn's grant to Basing- werk Abbey, 14. David, brother of Llewelyn, slain, 30. Davies, Rev. Chetwood Crewe, Rector of Flint, 155. Davies. Rev. Geo., Rector of Flint. 155. Davies, Mutton. M.P. for county of Flint. 145 ; letter from, 146. Davies family, of Gwysaney. 143. 144. Davies, Robert, an intended Knight of Royal Oak, 143. Da\\Tie or Done. John. Constable of Flint Castle. 99. Dearth of provisions during Gl)iid\\T's revolt, 86. Dee river company, 197. ,, ,, Yarranton and Kinderly's schemes to improve the, 197. Denbigh, Earl of. 176. Derby. Earl of letter from. 145. Doncaster, William de. Mayor of Chester, conveyance of property in Flint to, 34. Dough tye, Michael. ALP. for borough of Flint. 127. Dundas, Chas. W. D., ALP. for borough of Fhnt, 205. Edward I. prepares to attack Llew- elyn. 15 ; summons his vassals to Chester, 15 ; foimds and superin- tendsthe erection of Flint Castle. 19; grants market and fair to Flint, 26; peace between Llewelyn and, 29 ; grants first charter to Flint, 30 ; visits Flint and Rhuddlan. 29 ; Parliament of, passes the " Statutes of Khuddlan," 29 ; at war with France, and taxes Wales, 33 ; sup- presses the insurrection consequent thereon. 33 ; \nsits Fhnt Castle, 19. 29, 30 ; death of, 36. Edward IL meets Sir Piers Gaveston in Flint Castle. 37 ; presents to Northop living, 37. Edward IIL confirms and extends Edward L's Charter. 38. Edward the Black Prince Earl of Chester and Flint. 38 ; gi^ants the third Charter to Flint. 40. Edwards. John, M.P. for Flint Boroughs. 127. Edwards. Thomas, Constable of Flint, 135- Ed'ttin ap Gronw, king of Tegangle. 10. Edwin. Earl of Mercia. possesses Flint, 10. Egerton. Lord Chancellor. 125 ; mar- ries Elizabeth Ravenscroft, 126 ;. buried at Dodleston. 126. Eisteddfodd held at Caerwys. 124. Elizabeth, Queen, begins to reign, 125 ; wamily attached to Wales. 125. Ellice. Andrew, M.P. for Flint Boroughs, 141. England and Wales united. 107. Englefield, 9. 10. English Independent Society, 232. Epitaphs in Flint Old Church. iiS. 121. Essex. Henrj- de, deserts his standard at Coleshill. 14 ; quarrels with Robert de Montford, 14. Evans. Rev. Edward, curate of Flint, 142 ; rector, 155. Evans, Robt. and Joseph. Mayors. 207. Ewloe Castle. 41 ; Manor. 107 ; iroa from, 35 ; Wood, English defeated at. 13 ; Wood. 35. Executions rare at Flint, 184. Eyton family. 143. 166, 203. 205. 213. 215. Eyton, James, town clerk of Flint. 216. ,, Kendrick. ALP. for County of Flint, 143. Eyton, Peter Ellis, town clerk and M.P. for Flint Borough, 216, 221. 224 ; presents a loving cup to Flint Corporation, 225 ; death of, 226. Eyton, Thomas. ALP. for Borough of Flint, 115, 168. Fennor, Lambert, Keeper of Flint Castle, 67. Feychet, Richard, Steward of the Court of Flint, 68. Fitz-John, Eustance, 13. Flint, anciently called Coleshill, i ;. district under the Romans, 2 ; ori- gin of the name of, 2 ; " Flint glass" manufactured at, 9; castle [s€i: Flint Castle] ; county held by Earls of Chester, 12 ; earldom of, and seal, 12 ; George II. last Earl of, 12 ; chapel formerly dependent INDEX. 251 upon Northop, 14 ; Edward I. at Flint, 19, 29, 30 ; market and fair granted, 26 ; Edward I. grants first charter, 30; made a borough, 30, 200 ; Jews forbidden to dwell in, 32 ; timber granted to inhabitants of, 33 ; mediceval charter conveying property in, 34 ; Richard de, clerk, 34 ; garrison greater tlian that at Chester, 36; church, 14, 37, 118, 162, 167, 207, 210 ; burgesses quit free of pannage. 38 ; great plague at, 39 ; Edward III. confirms and extends first charter, 38 ; Edward the Black Prince grants third charter, 40 ; bounds of borough, 41 ; sheriffs of, 43 ; gifts to the sheriff, 43 ; granted to John de Helegh for life, 68 ; burgesses compelled to pay suit of prison, 70 ; charter granted to, by Richard II., 70; "Saxons" of, a poem, 103 ; mills leased, 107 ; as- sizes held at and removed there- from, 109 ; knights of the shire of, III ; burgesses, list of, 114 ; M.P.'s for borough, 114; contested par- liamentary elections at, 109, 134, 169, 173- 175- 204. 206, 214, 219, 220, 224, 226 ; churchwardens' accounts, 117, 155, 164; overseers of the poor of, 117, 158; parish of, 117 ; parish registers, 117, 128, 155, 160 ; " Personne's Crofte " in, 117; epitaphs at old church, 118, 121, 182; High Cross, 118; rec- tory, 118 ; sepulchral slabs in parish church, 118, 182, 208; tithes of, 118; charter confirmed, by Philip and Mary, 124 ; county annexed to principality of Wales, 126; heraldic arms of, 126 ; county petition to Charles I., 135; ship money tax, 134; gentry proposed to be insti- tuted Knights of the Royal Oak, 143; mace, 150; charter confirmed by; William III., 151 ; church- wardens, list of, 156, 163 ; vestry books, 162 ; smelting works at, 9, 165, 214, 235 ; courts leet, 177; parish stocks. 177; pinfold, 177; bailiffs, list of, 178; inns of, 178, 190 ; old and new gaols, 183, 222 ; executions at, extremely rare, 184 ; cholera at, 193 ; municipality of, report, 193 ; port of, 198 ; census of, 199, 214, 221, 223, 227; corporation reformed, 200 ; borough seal, 203 ; corporation deeds, 203 ; new town hall, 203; old town hall, 203^ railways connected with, 207, 209, 210 ; gas and waterworks at, 214, 225 ; cemeteries, 216 ; Russian guns at, 219 ; national schools, 220 ; rateable value of, 220, 227 ; county court, 221 ; school attendance, 225, 227; sale of corporation property, 222 ; volunteers. 222 ; clock pre- sented to, by Sir John Hanmer, 223 ; drainage reconstructed, 223 ; corporation, presentation to, by P. Ellis Eyton, M.P., 225 ; mayor's chain presented to, 225; St. Thomas' school-chapel, 225 ; death-rate of, 227; mayors since the Reform Act, 227 ; aldermen of borough, 228 ; town clerks, 22S ; justices of borough, 229 ; treasurers, 229 ; Nonconformists in, 230 ; Roman Catholics in, 233 ; magistrates and officials of the county of, 237 ; offi- cials of borough, 238. Flint Castle, 11 ; founded, 15; Edward I. superintends its erec- tion, 19; L'Engenour(orlngeniator), Richard, architect of, 19 ; de- scribed, 24 ; suffered from tempest and repaired, 35 ; besieged by David and Llewellyn. 29 ; Edward I. visits, 29, 30 ; Constables of, 36, 39, 42, 43, 62, 67, 69. 93, 97, 99, 100, 103. 105, 106, 126, 135, 145, 150, 154, 168, 171, 172, 176; pro- visioned, 36; Edward II. and Sir Piers Gaveston at, 37 ; leased to Richard del Hogh, 39 ; strength- ened to resist the French, 42 ; Con- stables of, list of, 62 ; granted to Earl of Oxford, 71 ; granted to Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 71 ; arrival of King Richard at, a pri- soner, 73 ; granted to Queen Kathe- rine, 97 ; janitors of, 105, 106 ; besieged by Sir William IJrereton, and capitulates, 136 ; Sir Roger Mostyn governor of, 136 ; retaken by Royalists, 139 ; surrendered to General Mytton, 139 ; dismantled 139; carting stones from ruins of, 165 ; portion of the castle fell, 213; sale of attempted, 222. Flintshire, origin of name, 2 ; held by Earls of Chester, 1 2 ; county 552 INDEX. erected by Edward I., 43 ; sheriffs of, 43 ; heraldic device of at Agin- court, 96 ; knights of the shire, III ; annexed to principality of Wales, 126 ; ship money tax, 134 ; petitions Charles I., 135 ; Knights and gentlemen who compounded with parliament for their estates, 142 ; gentry of, proposed to be made Knights of the Royal Oak, 143 ; justices of the peace of, in 1680, 148; commissioners of taxes of in 1689, 152 ; militia, 165, 182 ; yeomanry, 183 ; county prison, 184; list of magistrates and offi- cials of, 236. ■Gardner. Richard, mayor, 213. •Gleave, Thomas, treasurerof Flint, 214. •Glegge, John, Janitor of Flint Castle, 98, 99. Glyndwr, Owen, accompanies Richard II. to France, 84 ; marries Mar- garet, the daughter of Sir Thomas Hanmer, 84 ; revolts. 84 ; takes Lord Grey of Ruthin prisoner, 87 ; encamps on Moel-y-Gaer, 91 ; death of, and peace restored, 95. Glynne, Henry, M. P. for Borough of Flint, 191 ; Rector of Hawarden, 192. Glynne, Sir John, Chief Justice of England, 141 ; founder of the Hawarden family. 141. Glynne, Sir John, Bart., of Hawarden, 150, 169, 170. 171. ■Glynne, Sir Stephen R., Bart., M.P., and Lord Lieutenant, 192, 206, 219. Golofre, Sir John, Sheriff and Con- stable of Flint Castle, 69. Graham, Master Mason at Flint Castle, 20. 'Grey, Lord Reginald de, taken pri- soner by Glyndwr, 85, 87. ■Griffin, Nicholas, porter of FHnt Castle, 131. Griffith, John, M.P. for Flint County, 125. •Griffith, Peter, of Caerny (Caerwys), Esq., 143. Griffith, Thomas, Constable of Flint Castle, 135. Grosvenor, Lord Richard, M.P. for Flint County, 220. Grosvenor and Scrope dispute, 84. Giymesdiche. John, Janitor of Flint Castle, 106. Guardians of Flint, 160. Guild mercatory of Flint, 31. Gwaith-y-Coed, 9. Gwynedd, Hovvel, forfeits his pro- perty, 94 ; encamps on Moel-y- Gaer, 94 ; slain by his enemies, 91^. Gwysaney besieged, 146. Halkyn Bache, 42 ; Hills, 75 ; Ran- gers, 183 ; Roman lead-mines at, I. Hall of the Wood, 107. Hanmer family, 2, 84, 160. ,, ,, created baronets, 127. Hanmer, Humfrey, M.P. for Borough, 126. Hanmer, John, M. P. for Flint Borough, 125. Hanmer, Sir John, Knt. and Bart., M.P. for County, 131, 143, 147 — 149. Hanmer, Sir John, Bart., M.P. for Borough, 2, 209. 214, 219 ; pre- sents clock to Flint, 223 ; raised to the Peerage, 224. Hanmer, Sir Thomas, baronet, 152 ; publishes Shakespeare's Works, 153 ; Speaker of the House of Commons, 153 ; letter from, 153. Hanmer, Sir Thomas, M.P. for Borough and County, 133. 145, 152. Hanmer, Thomas, M.P. for Flint County, 122. Hanmer, William, intended for Knighthood of Royal Oak, 143. Hawarden Castle, 29 ; during Glyn- dwr's revolt, 87 ; Henry VII. at, 102 ; Note respecting, 170. Hawarden Church, 122. Helegh family, 68. ,, Sir John, of Flint, a royal favourite, 68. Helegh, John, Deputy Constable of Flint Castle, 69 ; granted the town of Flint, 68; joins Glyndwr in re- bellion, 68, 92 ; restored to office, 95. Henry II. attempts to subdue Wales, but suffers defeat at Ewloe, 13 ; repulses the Welsh at Coleshill, 14. Henry III., Death of, 15. ,, VII. visits Mostyn Hall and Hawarden Castle, 102. Henry VIII., Statute for Justices of Peace, 108 ; petitioned by the Welsh for better laws, 108 ; annexes Wales to England, 108. Henry, Edward, mayor, 207. Hoell, Peter ap Richard ap, founder of Mostyn family of Talacre, 106, 107. INDEX. 255 Hogh, Richard del, Sheriff of Flint, 39. Hokes, David, of Flint, 96. Hokes, John del, Deputy Constable of Flint Castle, 94. Hokes, William del, Steward of the Court of the Town of Flint, 68. Holland, Robert de, Justice of Chester, 37. Holywell Church granted to Basing- werk Abbey, 14. Hookes family of Leadbrook, 102. Hope, Queen, burnt by Glyndwr's followers, 90. Hopedale during Glyndwr's revolt. 88. Hope, John, M.P. for County, 126. Hope Church, 131. Hotspur commands Denbigh Castle, 88 ; rebels against Henry IV. ; Con- stable of Flint Castle, 73. Howel Dha, King of Wales, 10. ,, Gwynedd slain, 10, 94. ,, Richard ap [founder of the Mostyn family] at Bosworth Field, 102. Howell, Rev. Humphrey, Rector of Flint, 155. Huntley. J. K., Mayor, 219, 220, 222. Hykochesburgge, watches at during war, 90. Ingeniator, Richard le, architect of Flint Castle, 19, 20, 35. Isabel, Queen, inheritsjohnde Monte- alto's estates, 33. Ithel ap Blethyn, 94. Ithel ap Gruff, servant of Sir John Helegh, 68. James I., King, accession of, 131. James II., reign of, 148. Jeffreys, Judge, and earldom of Flint, 12. Jenkins, Rev. Evan, Rector of Flint, 156, 223. Jevan ap Henry, grant of land to, 83. Jews forbidden to dwell in Flint, 32. Jones, Rev. Edward, curate of Flint, 128, 155. Jones. Edward Foulkes, Treasurer of Flint, 203. Jones, Rev. Henry, Rector of Flint, 155, 186. Jones, Ishmael, Mayor, 223. Tones, Rev. John, Rector of Flint, 131, 147, 155. Jones, John, of Halkin, Gent., 143. Jones, Robert, M. P. for Borough of Flint, 133. Katherine, Queen, marries Owen Tudor, 97 ; farms Flint Castle, 97. Kinderly's scheme to improve Dee. 197. Kingsley, Adam de, Constable of Flint Castle, 42. Knights of .Shire, 109, iii. Lancaster, Henry of Bolingbroke,. Duke of, lands in England, 71. Lancaster, Robert, Bishop of St. Asaph, 85, 95. Leadbrook, 11, 42, I2i ; Major and Minor added to Flint parish, 213. Lead mines at Halkpi, i, 169. ,, ,, Offices connected there- with, 9, 69. Lead smelting at Atiscross, 7. Leche, Roger le, Constable of Flint Castle, 93. Leeswood, iron gates at, 169. Lewis Glyn Cothi, fifteenth-century bard, 103. Lewis, Thomas, Mayor, 219, 223. List ofBenefactors in Flint Church, 208. ,, Aldermen of Flint, 228. ,, Bailiffs, 178. ,, Constables of F"lint Castle, 62 ,, Justices of the Borough, 229. ,, Justices of the County, 236. ,, Knights of Shire of, iii. ,, Mayors since Reform Act, 227. „ M. P. 's for Borough, 114. ,, Town Clerks, 228. „ Treasurers, 229. Llewelyn ap Gryffyth, 15 ; death of, 30. Lloyd, Edward, of Herieth, Gent., 143, ,, Richard, M.P. for Flin, Borough, 126. Lloyd, Salisbury, M.P. for Borough, 168. Lloyd, Sir E. Pryce, Bart., M.P. for Borough, 173, 185, 189 ; raised to the Peerage, 19 1. Llys-Edwin, an ancient seat near Flint, 10. Llys-y-Coed, Howell Gwynydd's land at, 94. Lords of Mold, 141. Lords Marchers, loS, 195, 200. '• Lot and Scot," 31, Mace of Flint, 150. Mackwilliam, Edward, Constable of Flint Castle, 126. Madoc rebels against the taxation of Edward I., 33. Maes-Mynan, seat of the Massey laniily, 124. 254 INDEX. ^lagistrates of Borough, 229 ; of County, 236. Manley, Sir Thomas, Constable of Flint Castle, 99, 100. ]\Iarket granted to Flint, 26. Marriages at Flint, 129, 161. Mary, Princess of Wales. 12.5. Mascye, Richard de, Knt., Justice of Chester, 34. Massey family of Puddington. co. Chester, 39, 67, 123. Massye, Robert, M.P. for Flint County, 123. Members of Parliament for Borough, List of, 114. Members of Parliament for County, List of, III. IVIeredydd ap Owen effects peace with England. 95. Messam [or Mesham] family, 143. Middleton, Thomas, M.P. for Borough of Flint, 140. Middleton family, 160, 161. ,, Sir Thomas, besieged Flint Castle, 136, ^Mills erected by Lords of Manors for their tenants, 68. Mills, Paper, at Okenholt, near Flint, 123. Moel-y-Gaer, 75. ,, Glyndwr encamped on, 91, 94- . Mold Assizes and Sessions removed from Flint to County Prison, 109 ; County Prison, 184. Mold, the Lords of, 141. Monte-Alto, John de, 32. Morgan, Hy.. Curate of Flint, 128, 155. Morris. Henry, Curate of Flint, 128, 142, 155- Mostyn. Baron, created, 191. „ family, 18, 39, 68, 122, 129, I33> 154- Mostyn Hall, Henry VIL at, 102. Mostyn. Hon. E.. M. LI., INLP. for County, 190, 209, 215. Mostyn, The Hon. T. E.. M. LI., M.P. for County of Flint, 215. Mostyn House taken by Parliament- arians, 136. Mostyn, John, Knight of the Shire. 133. Mostyn. Roger, 5th Baronet, M.P. for County, 170. 171. Mostyns. .Silver Ilarj) held by the, 124. Mostyn. .Sir Edward, Knt., an in- tended Knight of Royal Oak. 143. Mostyn, Peter (or Pyers), M.P. for Borough, 125. Mostyn, Sir Roger, an enthusiastic Royalist, Governor of Flint Castle, 136, 143 ; created a baronet, 136. Mostyn. .Sir Roger. 3rd Baronet, and M.P. for County. 150, 152, 168; Constable of Flint Castle. 150. Mostyn. Sir Roger, Knt., an intended Kniglit of Royal Oak. 143. Mostyn, Sir Thomas, M.P. for County, 168, 170. Mostyn, Thomas, last Baronet, M.P. for County, 172, 173, 185, 189. 190. Mostyn, Thomas, ;NLP. for Borough, 150. Mostyn, William, M.P. for Flint County, 124, 126. Muspratt family, 166. 216. Muspratt, Richard, Mayor of Flint, 216, etc. ; presentation to, 225. Muspratt's works, 9, 166, 184, 214, 234- Myddelton, John. Rector of Flint, 155. Mytton. Gen., takes Flint Castle, 139. Nicholas! Rev. W. LI., of Flint, 156. Northeryn, Hy. de. Bailiff of Flint, 35. Northop, connected with Flint parish, 118; patronage of, 37; Roman remains in, 70. Northumberland, grant of Flint Castle to Earl of, 71 ; Constable, 73. North Wales, repairs to castles of, 75. Norton, John, Constable of Flint Castle, 65, 106. Norton. Sir .Sampson. 105, io6. Okenholt, a seat of the Hanmer family, 123 ; Paper Mills, 123. Ondestone. (Coed Onn), 34, 42, 129. Ordovices, Flint under the, 2. Osbaldeston, Sir John de. of Chad- lington, 68. Overseers, List of Flint, 158. Overton, Charters to, no. Owens, Rev. — , Rector of Flint, 155. Oxford, Earl of, Grant of Flint Castle to, 71. Pan ton family, 162, 167. Paper ^ I ills at Oakenholt, near Flint, 123. Parliament, Welsh first represented in. 109. Parry, Michael, Mayor, 210. Pennant, David, Constable of Flint Castle, 176. Pennant family, loi, 139,143, 176. INDEX. 25s Pennant, Philip, Constable of Flint Castle, 176, 226. Pennant, Thomas, Abbot of Basing- werk, loi. Pentre, Roman settlement at, i, 7, 8. ,, School-Chapel built, 224. Penmaen Rhos, 72. Perkyn, Henry, rents Flint Mills. 107. Perrin family, 163, 165, 166. Personne's Crofte in Flint, 1 1 7. Philips, Edward, of Worthenbury, 143. ,, James, Constable of Flint Castle, 145. Pleas and Perquisites of Flint Court, 71, 99, 102, 105, 106. Plymouth. Earl of, Constable of Flint Castle, 171. Port of Flint, 198. Presents given to sheriffs, 44. Price, John. M.P. for Borough, 127. Prosser, Rev. John, Minister of Flint, 128, 155. Puleston, John, intended for Knight- hood of Royal Oak, 143. Puleston, Roger, M.P. for County, 127, 131, 149. Puleston, Roger de, collector of taxes, slain, 33. Puleston, Roger, Knight of Shire, 148. ,, family, 154. Radford, Thomas, 126. Raleigh, William de. Constable of Flint Castle, 39. Ravenscroft family of Bretton, 121, 123, 127, 134, 144, 149, 170. Ravenscroft, George, Knight of the Shire, 125. Ravenscroft, William, M. P. for County of Flint, 127, 131, 133. Read, Bagot. 166. Redyngtone, Land in, 34. Red Hill, near Flint, 107. Registers of Flint Church, 117, 128, 155, 160. Rempston, Sir Thomas, Knt., Con- stable of Flint Castle, 97. Report on Flint Municipal Borough, 193- Rhuddlan Castle, 11, 25; besieged by David and Llewelyn, 29 ; Edward I. at, 19, 29; grants first ■ Charter to, 30 ; Charters to 1 10 ; Statutes of, 29 ; arrival of Richard II. at, 72. Rice ap Thomas at Bosworth Field, 102. Richard II. ascends the throne, 67 ; character of, 67 ; grants charter to Flint. 70 ; betrayed by Earl of Nor- thumberland, 72 ; taken to Flint Castle, 72 ; meets Bolingbroke, 72 ; portraits of, 80 ; death of, 80. Richardson, Thomas, mayor. 216. Roberts, John, M.P. for Borough, 226. Rolent (Rhuddlan), Robert de, 10. . Roll of wages during erection of Flint Castle, 19, 29. 35. Roman Catholic faith in Flint, history of, 233. Roman coins found in Flint, 203. Roman remains at Northop, 7. Romans inliabit Flint, i. Roskell family, 200. Ruthin Castle, 87. St. Asaph Cathedral burnt down by Glyndwr, 85, 95 ; repaired, 95. Salesbury. Gilbert de. Steward of the Court, 99. Salisbury, of Bachegraig, Esq., in- tended Knight of Royal Oak, 143. Salsbury, Henry de, 86. Saltney Marsh, Henry II. 's army upon, 13. Salusburie, Thomas, of Leadbrooke, 118. Salusbury, John, M.P. for County and Borough of Flint, 133, 134. Salusbury, Thomas, of Flint, 106, 107; leases Flint mills, 102. Salusburies at Bosworth Field, 102. Salusbury family, 97, 102, 105, 106, 121, 122, 123, 128 — 131, 134, 160 — 162. " Saxons of Flint," [a poem,] 103. Saxton, Brian, Grant of Howel Gwy- nedd's lands to, 94. Saxton Nicholas, Grant of Howel Gwynedd's lands to, 94. " Scot and lot," 31, 195, 200. Scrope and Grosvenor dispute, 84. Sepulchral slabs at Flint Church, 1 18, 182, 208. Sergeant, Adam le. Bailiff of Flint, 35. Shakespeare's Description of Flint Castle, 16, 80. Shakespeare's Works, published by Sir Thomas Hanmer, 153. Sheriffs of the County of Flint, 45. Shipley, Colonel, M.P. for Flint Borough, 175, 176. Ship-money tax at Flint, 134. 256 INDEX. Shotwick Ford, 15. Shrewsbury, Welsh soldiers slain at, 94, 95- Smelting Works at Flint, 9, 165, 214, 234- Spicer, Rev. Richard, Curate of Flint, 128, 142, 155. Stanley family, 39, 107, 129, 143. ,, Peter, 106. 107. ,, Edward, M.P. for Borough, 106, 122, 123. Stanley, Sir Wm.. Constable of Flint Castle, '99, 103 ; at Bosvvorth Field, 99- Stan] ey , William de, serves with Henry de Percy, 86, 89. Stewards of the Court of Flint, 98 — 102, 105. Stocks at Flint, 177, 179. Tamberlain, Rev. Robert, Rector of Flint, 155, 160, 161, 167, 182. Taylor, Henry, appointed Town Clerk, 224. Tegangle, Roman name of the Flint district, 2. Tegangle. Edwin ap Gronw king of. 10. Thomas, Rev. Henry, Curate of Flint, 147- 155- Thomas, Thomas, High Sheriff, 171. Totty family of Cornist, 166. "Tower" in Flint, town seat of the Salusburys, 121. Trelawny family, 12 1. Trevor fam ily , 131. Trevor, John, Bishop of St. Asaph, 85. Trevor, John, M.P. for County of Flint, 140. Trevor, Sirjohii, Constable of Castle and Speaker, 154. Trevor, Sir John, M.P. for County and Borough, 131, 133. Trymley, watches at, during Glyndwr's revolt, 90. Tudor, Owen, founder of the House of Tudor, 96 ; marries Katherine, queen of Henry V., 97. Tyrel, I-lichard, Sheriff of Flint County, 33, 45. Tythes of Flint, 118. Venables, Sir Hugh de. Constable of Flint Castle, 34. Venables family, 128, 130, 161. Vestry books of Flint Parish, 162. Wages of workmen in the thirteenth century, 19. Wages regulated by Statute, 40. Wales united to England by Henry VHI., 108. Wales, Knights sent to represent in Parliament, 109. Warrant of Henry Prince of Wales for the repairs of Castle, 86. Wellington, Duke of, connected with Flintshire, 154. Welsh castles, provisions of, 86, 87. Welsh subjected to English oppression. 83 ; not allowed to purchase land, 83 ; uninterested in Wars of the Roses, 84, 96 ; not allowed to marry English, 84 ; expelled from Chester, 92 ; submit to Heniy IV. , 93 ; at Agincourt, 96 ; have English laws given them. 107. Werburton, John, Steward of Flint, 100. W^ernyl, [Wern,] 34. Whitley family of Aston, 143. Whitley, Ralph, Constable of Flint Castle, 145. Whitley, Roger, M.P. for Borough of Flint, 143 ; letter from, 145. Whitley, Thomas, of Aston, 143. Whitley, Thomas, M.P. for Flint Borough, 147, 149. Williams, Kyffin, M.P. for Flint Borough, 170. Williams, Richard, M.P. for Flint Borough, 170. Williams, Rev. Thomas, Rector of Flint, 156, 213. Williams, Rev. W. M., Rector of Flint, 156, 186, 192, 204. Williams, Watkin, M.P. for Flint Borough, 171; Constable of Castle, 172. Williams, W^illiam, Porter to Castle, W^illiamson, William, mayor, 205. Wode, Gilbert del. Steward of Flint, lOI. Wre.xham during Glyndwr's revolt, 88, 90. Wynne family of Leeswood, 169, 170. Wynne, Sir George, M.P. for Flint Borough, 168 ; Constable of Flint Castle, 171. Wynne, Peter, Gent., member for Borough, 133. Wylefelde, land in the, 34. Yarranton's scheme for New River Channel, 197. i ^ SOUTHERN RFrinl... ^^''^ornia 305 De Neve DnVe ^^°NAL S'^RARY FAC,L/TY DA Taylor - 7l;5 Historic notices ^. ^ - ,„.,, F5T2 I I 3 1158 00232 6352 m ,^BRy^RV FACILITY 393 048 illiilllillil iiiiiHtf \m