arc yet new 
 to ftndi ^ 
 
 TfcoUnd Benms Hussey
 
 
 v 
 
 THE 
 
 OF 
 
 HAITI. 

 
 THE 
 
 iiiu ill 
 
 OF 
 
 HAITI; 
 
 IN 
 
 FRENCH AND ENGLISH. 
 
 PREFATORY LETTER 
 
 TO THE 
 
 RIGHT HON. THE EARL BATHURST, K. G. 
 
 8fc. 8fc. 8fc. 
 
 LONDON: 
 SOLD BY JAMES RIDGWAY, 169, PICCADILLY. 
 
 PRINTED BY B. M*MILLAN, BOW-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN, 
 
 Printer in Ordinary to His Majesty. 
 
 1827.
 
 
 j. i"'i..si A,
 
 HD 
 
 .in! LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITVOfiCA 
 Lj 3 SANTA BARBAKA 
 
 TO 
 THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 THE EARL B ATHURST, K. G. 
 
 ONE OF HIS MAJESTY'S PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES OF STATE, 
 
 Sfc. 8fc. 8fc. 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 MY LORD, 
 
 THE high station your Lordship occu- 
 pies, among those who hold in their hands the 
 fate of our West India Colonies, will, I am confi- 
 dent, make any apology, for addressing this Trans- 
 lation of The Rural Code of Haiti to your Lord- 
 ship, unnecessary. Your Lordship must feel 
 anxious to obtain every information upon a sub- 
 ject, so necessary to be thoroughly understood, as 
 that of labour within the tropics ; and, when those 
 who seem to be most deeply interested in ascer- 
 taining the possibility of obtaining regular, and 
 steady labour, in tropical climates, without com- 
 pulsion, have exhibited their opinions, the results 
 of thirty-six years' experience, it is not assuming 
 too much, to believe, that your Lordship will 
 favourably receive the means of facilitating your 
 acquaintance with the result of that experience. 
 The following Code of Laws has been enacted,
 
 IV 
 
 as its Authors have told their fellow-citizens, for 
 the regeneration of agriculture. They declare 
 that it is just and severe*. To enable your Lord- 
 ship to estimate the utility of this Code of Laws, 
 permit an humble and unknown individual respect- 
 fully to call your attention to the following obser- 
 vations. u/ K K0 j ,jo :1KO 
 
 The Haitian Gentleman who furnished the copy 
 of the Code Rural, from which this translation 
 has been made, stated, that the Code had been 
 received in Haiti without much dislike; because, 
 while it fully secures the Proprietors in the posses- 
 sion of their lands, it only furnishes the means of 
 exacting from the labouring population, those ex- 
 ertions required of them by previous laws. This 
 Gentleman expressed himself well pleased with 
 the salutary constraint imposed upon his labourers 
 by the Rural Code. 
 
 The translation has been made as literally as 
 possible, and without regard to the idioms, and 
 modes of expression, of the English language, 
 when an attention to such points, would have had 
 
 
 
 * The Chamber of Commons of Haiti, in their Farewell Address to their 
 Constituents, at the close of their legislative existence, on the 10th of May, 
 1826, published in No. 20, of the " feuille de Commerce," May 14th, Port- 
 au-Prince, say, 
 
 " On n'eut pas pourvue aux soins du principe conservateur, si la Sege- 
 " iteration de nos cultures n'eut etc" provoqu6e par des lois a la bis justes 
 " et severes. Vos mandatain-s, en rendant le Code Rural ont pense" que le 
 '* people reccvoit un bienfait."
 
 V 
 
 the appearance of concealing the real meaning of 
 any clause. This has been done with a view of 
 preventing cavil. 
 
 Hai'ti has for some years been held up to the 
 West Indians, as the perfect model upon which 
 they must reform their institutions. The prosper- 
 ous state of its agriculture, the industry, wealth, 
 and happiness of its free population, have formed 
 the never-failing theme of the speeches and writ- 
 ings of those persons, who can discover no merit 
 within the tropics, under a white skin. The total 
 ignorance of the rest of the world, as to all that has 
 been passing in the interior of Haiti for the last 
 thirty years, has been, unfortunately, most favour- 
 able to such declaimers. But we are at length fa- 
 vored with a peep behind the curtain ; that glimpse, 
 trifling as it is, suffices to dissipate all those fables 
 with which the Public have been deceived. In- 
 stead of finding Agriculture in that palmy state 
 represented, we find the representatives of Haiti 
 proclaiming to their constituents, that they are 
 compelled to endeavour to regenerate it, by en- 
 acting " just and severe laws." The industry of 
 the population of Haiti, is found to require the sti- 
 mulous of the bayonet. Their wealth, if measured 
 by the remuneration reserved for the labourer, is 
 found to be no more than sufficient to furnish subsist- 
 ence, upon a scale not higher than that afforded 
 to the Slave of the British Planter in Jamaica. 
 
 a2
 
 VI 
 
 And their happiness, as far as an estimate of it can 
 be formed from their institutions, as much inferior 
 to that of the mass of mankind, as the happiness of 
 the untutored savage is to that of civilised man. 
 
 The Code of Laws before us, is one, that could 
 only have been framed by a legislature composed 
 of proprietors of land, having at their command a 
 considerable military power, of which themselves 
 were the leaders ; for a population whom it was 
 necessary to compel to labour, but whose prejudices 
 against particular modes of expression, it was ad- 
 ivsable not to offend. The Code, for this purpose, 
 is framed with much ingenuity. Upon a casual in- 
 spection, it appears to deal lightly with the labourer, 
 assuring him an apparently fair remuneration for 
 his toil, and a means of subsistence adequate 
 to his wants; and avoiding to wound his preju- 
 dices, by allowing him the choice of an employer ; 
 while to the landed proprietor, it purports to en- 
 sure that continuous exertion on the part of the 
 labourer, which is so essentially necessary for secur- 
 ing adequate returns for fixed capital invested in 
 tropical cultivation. Moreover, no obnoxious clauses 
 for the infliction of corporal punishment, appear in 
 this Code. It was necessary, to render a return to 
 compulsory labour, palatable to a people accus- 
 tomed to little restraint upon their exertions for 
 more than thirty-six years; and it was judged 
 more prudent, to leave the mode of inflicting
 
 Vll 
 
 punishment, to the discretion of those who are 
 directed to enforce obedience the Soldiery ! 
 
 But when this Code of Laws is attentively ex- 
 amined, we find that the choice of a master, altho' 
 expressly reserved to the labourer, is greatly modi- 
 fied by the clauses which restrain the labourer from 
 quitting the section of country to which he be- 
 longs; and from the absence of any clause compel- 
 ling proprietors to engage him ; so that the culti- 
 vator must consent to bind himself to whom- 
 soever may be willing to engage him, or remain 
 in prison, to be employed among convicts as a 
 public scavenger*. Again, we find that the la- 
 bourer is allowed by law to bind himself for any 
 period of time he pleases'K But this privilege is 
 also modified by the defects above mentioned. The 
 necessary consequence is, that these engagements 
 will practically be for such a time as may suit the 
 purposes of the master ; and will certainly never ex- 
 tend beyond the period, during which the powers of 
 the labourer may enable him to be useful to his em- 
 ployer ; after which he may be discharged without 
 the means of support ; the wages he receives, ap- 
 pearing to be insufficient to enable him to make pro- 
 vision for old age, and the labourer having no claim 
 upon the provision-grounds allotted to him, (which 
 
 * " Pour la proprete" de la ville." See Article 177. 
 t Vide Articles 45 and 46 of the Code, and the Note at the foot of 
 page 23.
 
 via 
 
 he has been cultivating perhaps during the best 
 years of his life), beyond the period of his engage- 
 ment. Many similar instances of the art with 
 which this Code of Laws is framed, to effect, and 
 yet to mask its purpose, will strike every one who 
 peruses it with attention. 
 
 It will be impossible to give your Lordship any 
 general idea of this Code of Laws, within the li- 
 mited bounds of a Letter, without giving a kind of 
 Abstract of the whole Code. The importance of the 
 subject induces me to entreat your Lordship's in- 
 dulgence while I attempt it. 
 
 The Code begins (Article 1), by declaring 
 Agriculture to be the foundation of national pros- 
 perity; and then decrees (Article 3), That all 
 persons, excepting soldiers, and civil servants of 
 the State, professional persons, artizans, and do- 
 mestic servants*, shall cultivate the soil. The 
 next clause (Article 4), forbids the inhabitants of 
 the country quitting it to dwell in towns or vil- 
 lages ; and every kind of wholesale or retail trade is 
 forbidden (Article?) to be exercised by persons 
 dwelling in the country. Article 9, forbids build- 
 ing houses or huts any where but in recognized 
 towns or villages, or upon plantations, by impos- 
 ing a tax upon them ; and to complete the restraint 
 imposed upon the country people, they are forbid- 
 
 ^ : . 
 
 * By the Code Civile of Haiti, a domestic servant (domestique a gages) 
 does not enjoy all the privileges of a citizen.
 
 IX 
 
 den (Article 10), to carry on the coasting trade, 
 or to employ themselves in fishing, but for the use 
 of the plantation to which they belong. Can any 
 man entertain a doubt, that the object of these re- 
 gulations is to confine the labour of the country 
 population rigidly to the cultivation of the soil? 
 
 The next clauses of importance, directly relatkig 
 to labourers, are Articles 36, 37, 38, and 39. 
 They order provision-grounds to be set out for the 
 use of the labourers. It would be singular, should 
 it appear that these clauses have been copied in 
 spirit, and almost literally translated in language, 
 from the Consolidated Slave Law of Jamaica, 
 passed in 1816 (57 Geo. III. c. 25). I have in- 
 serted the clauses of that law, which make a simi- 
 lar provision for the slave, at the foot of the pages 
 in which the above Articles occur. 
 
 Articles 45 and 46, decree, That those persons, 
 required by Article 3, to cultivate the soil, shall 
 bind themselves as labourers, to some landed pro- 
 prietor, for a term of years, varying, according to 
 the nature of the cultivation ; and Articles 73 and 
 74, authorize similar engagements to be made with 
 persons having no land, but who may have contracted 
 to procure labourers for others (labourers employed 
 in this manner in Jamaica, are called a jobbing 
 gang). We have then (Art. 50, et seq.) several 
 clauses pointing out the measure of remuneration 
 to be allowed to the labourer : we have here a dis- 
 tinction made between those who are hired from a
 
 job-master, and those who are bound to the pro- 
 prietor himself; the former are called, ",une com- 
 pagnie travaillante a moitie ;" and are entitled to 
 receive half the produce, after deducting the ex- 
 pences of cultivation : they find themselves in every 
 thing. The latter are called " cultivateurs tra- 
 vaillants au quart;" they have lands set out for 
 them, and they are entitled to most of the advan- 
 tages reserved for Negroes in Jamaica, excepting 
 clothing, and all foreign supplies. They receive 
 one-fourth of the gross produce of their labour, out of 
 which they must find whatever they may require, 
 beyond the produce of their provision-grounds. They 
 are also obliged to pay taxes. It may easily be 
 shewn, that upon a sugar estate employing 300 
 people, even when ably and successfully managed, 
 the wages to be paid to either of the above classes 
 of labourers, after deducting one-third for taxes, 
 would never exceed 41. 10s.* per annum. Out 
 of their miserable pittance, these Haitian labourers 
 are to provide themselves and their children with 
 almost every thing, and to lay by a provision for 
 old age. 
 
 Articles 88 and 96, limit the number of people 
 
 * This estimate is made for a well-managed and fertile sugar plantation 
 in Jamaica, with a large fixed capital invested in works, buildings, ma- 
 chinery, stock, &c. If applied without reserve to Haiti, it would lead to 
 extravagant error. 
 
 The average rate of wages in Haiti, calculated upon the Haitian returns 
 of produce and population, and calculating produce at its present price in 
 Ike London market, would be about 6*. per annum for each person.
 
 XI 
 
 to be employed in keeping cattle, and require them 
 to be bound to their employers in the same manner 
 as other labourers. 
 
 Articles 155 to 164 inclusive, are devoted to 
 detailing the duties of overseers and drivers, The 
 French words used are, " Gerans et conducteurs." 
 The former of these expressions (gerant) admits 
 of no doubt or cavil as to its proper signification. 
 It is overseer, and were any evidence of its meaning 
 wanting, the duties imposed upon such persons by 
 this Code of Laws, would amply supply such defect. 
 The latter word is used in the French West Indian 
 Islands synonimously with the word commandeur, 
 to signify driver. The word conducteur, is, however, 
 frequently applied to the driver of mules. In this 
 Code, the word " conducteur" 4s in one instance 
 (Art. 116) used to signify a driver of cattle. 
 
 Article 173 says, that one of the objects of Rural 
 Police, is the discipline of the labourer. This 
 Article serves as an introduction to the regulations 
 for daily labour ; but before treating of them, we 
 find several Articles recapitulating the provisions 
 for compelling the mass of the population to cul- 
 tivate the soil. These direct, that any person 
 dwelling in the country, not being the owner or 
 occupier of land, and not having bound himself in 
 the manner directed by Articles 45 and 46, shall 
 be considered a vagabond, be arrested, and taken 
 before a Justice, who, after reading the Law to
 
 XI I 
 
 him, shall commit him to jail, until he consent to 
 bind himself according to law. After eight days 
 detention, should the prisoner still refuse to bind 
 himself, he shall be put to hard labour as a sca- 
 
 venger. 
 
 Then follow the enactments for regulating daily 
 labour; these, with the regulations already de- 
 tailed, clearly shew what is intended to be the 
 condition of the labouring population of Haiti. 
 I must not call it slavery ; the word is objection- 
 able ; but few of the ingredients of slavery seem to 
 be wanting. We have a whole population strictly 
 prohibited from exercising any other mode of in- 
 dustry than the cultivation of the soil; driven 
 from the towns and villages, and compelled to re- 
 main in the section in which they are born ; for- 
 bidden to build houses or huts any where but upon 
 plantations; compelled to bind themselves to their 
 employers ; overseers and drivers established by 
 law to command them, and to direct their labours, 
 and provision-grounds appointed to be set out for 
 them, to be worked by themselves, during their 
 days and hours of rest. They are moreover subject 
 to the payment of all taxes. 
 
 Articles 183 et seq. decree, that labour shall 
 commence at day-break on Monday, and never 
 cease until sun-set on Friday ; and, in cases of 
 necessity, it may be continued until Saturday 
 nighty under circumstances of which the master
 
 Xlll 
 
 appears to be the only judge. Daily labour must 
 commence at day-break, and continue until sun- 
 set, with intervals of half an hour for breakfast, 
 and two hours for dinner. Additional respite is 
 allowed to pregnant women, and various regula- 
 tions are made, even limiting the amusements of 
 the labourers, and the power of their masters to 
 permit their absence. 
 
 I have already drawn your Lordship's attention 
 to the singular coincidence between some of the 
 Articles of this Code of Laws, and a few of the 
 Clauses of the Consolidated Slave Law of Jamaica, 
 passed in 1816. The resemblance here becomes 
 still more striking; the hours for labour and for 
 rest, and the restraints upon the personal liberty 
 of the labourer, are similar in spirit, and nearly 
 similar in modes of expression ; when any difference 
 is perceivable, it is in favour of the Jamaica Law. 
 The regulations respecting the treatment of preg- 
 nant women, are so extremely similar to those 
 proved to be in general practice in Jamaica, by the 
 evidence of persons examined before the Committee 
 of the House of Assembly, upon the Registry Bill, 
 that it appears to be not improbable they were 
 framed upon that evidence. 
 
 Extracts from the Jamaica Act, (67 Geo. III. 
 c. 25), are inserted as Notes throughout this Trans- 
 lation, at the foot of the pages where similar 
 Articles of the Code occur. Their singular re-
 
 XIV 
 
 semblarice, both in expression and in meaning, 
 must strike every one. 
 
 The mode appointed for carrying into effect this 
 Code of Laws, is not less remarkable than the pre- 
 ceding enactments, if we look upon it as applicable 
 to a free people. But if the Code be designed to 
 coerce the labour of negroes under the present cir- 
 cumstances of the West Indies, it may be calcu- 
 lated to effect its object, where fixed capital of 
 Europeans is not at stake. The mode is by mili- 
 tary inspection, and military compulsion. The 
 following is a short epitome of the principal Arti- 
 cles creating this military establishment. 
 
 Article 120, enumerates the Military Authorities 
 by whom Rural Police is to be administered. They 
 are Commandants of Districts, and Commandants 
 of Communes; and their instruments are to be, 
 Captains and Lieutenants of the Line, (Art. 140), 
 and guards, armed with carbines and sabres, (Art. 
 154), gensd'armerie, and troops of the line. The 
 Commandants of Districts are invested with su- 
 preme authority in agricultural affairs, and they 
 are made responsible for the prosperity of agri- 
 culture. They are required to inspect their re- 
 spective districts annually. The Commandants 
 of Communes have similar power within their 
 communes ; they have the same responsibility, 
 and are required to inspect each section most 
 minutely, three times in the year. The com-
 
 XV 
 
 mimes are divided into sections, and a military 
 officer placed in the command of each section ; 
 he is ordered to visit each plantation within his 
 section, once a week, and to send one of his sol- 
 diers to visit it also, once a week ; so that each 
 plantation shall be inspected by the military, twice 
 in the week at the least. To shew that these visits 
 are not intended to be mere formal visits, but 
 strict military inspections, I must refer your Lord- 
 ship to Article 148. In case of illness, the duties 
 of this officer are to be fulfilled by some other 
 officer, from the regiment of the line quartered in 
 the district. Some clauses then provide for the 
 arms, accoutrements, uniforms, and pay of these 
 police troops, who are also expressly declared to 
 be responsible to their military superiors only, be- 
 fore whom they are sworn. 
 
 Every enactment in the Code of Laws before us, 
 is directed to be carried into effect by the military, 
 either in the first instance, or as the last resource. 
 Their power is unbounded, and extends to the 
 minutest detail, between the labourer and his em- 
 ployer; and the lower ranks of the mili*ary are 
 directed to hold themselves in readiness, day and 
 night, to obey the call of proprietors, farmers, or 
 magistrates. Their authority is by DO means 
 limited to the enforcement of labour ; it extends to 
 all agricultural affairs. The Commandants of Dis- 
 tricts and Communes, and the Officer commanding 
 the Rural Police, are directed to view such lands
 
 XVI 
 
 as are recently granted to individuals by the State, 
 and when, in their opinion, such a commencement 
 of cultivation, as directed by law, has not been 
 made within the time limited by law, this mili* 
 tary tribunal is directed to icithdraw the grant, 
 and confiscate the estate. 
 
 In a few instances, it is thought necessary to 
 make some show of a civil power. In case of 
 any dispute arising between a proprietor and his 
 farmers, overseers, or drivers, the dispute is to 
 be referred, in the first instance, to the Officer 
 commanding the Rural Police, who, if he can 
 neither settle the difference by argument, nor by 
 arbitration, is directed to refer it to a Justice, 
 who must decide within 24 hours. If the law 
 should be silent upon the matter, the Justice must 
 make a law to meet the case. (See Article 84). A 
 Council of Agriculture is also directed to be chosen 
 annnally, for each section, by the Commandant of 
 the Commune, assisted by the Council of Notables. 
 The functions of this Council are principally con- 
 fined to a species of espionage. They are to re- 
 port to the military and civil authorities ; in short, 
 the whole establishment is a military despotism. 
 
 The Code concludes, by enacting some regula- 
 tions for the repair of the roads: here again we 
 find the military authorities directed to collect the 
 necessary labourers from the neighbouring planta-^ 
 tions, in rotation. 
 
 la the middle of the Code, I find a few articles;
 
 XVII 
 
 which establish, for a limited and favoured class, a 
 system of free, uncontrolled labour; they are Arti- 
 cles 75 to 80 inclusive. They enact that soldiers, 
 not on active service, shall be permitted to make 
 such engagements with the persons upon whose 
 estates they dwell, written or verbal, to labour by 
 the month, week, day, or hour, as they please ; and 
 that their wages shall be paid before those of any 
 other class. When one of this privileged class 
 fails to fulfil his contract, his master is not bound 
 to pay him his wages. 
 
 I have now, my Lord, given a succinct outline of 
 this Code of Laws. The details will be found to 
 agree with it in every particular. My object has 
 not been to degrade the Inhabitants of Haiti, by 
 this exposure of their Law for controlling labour, 
 but to make use of the testimony which this inde- 
 pendent people have freely given, of the utter hope- 
 lessness of obtaining from the Negroes, without 
 compulsion, that degree of regular and steady 
 exertion, which is indispensable to secure a fair 
 profit on fixed capital invested by European Plant- 
 ers in the West Indies. It matters little, under 
 what name compulsory labour be procured, whe- 
 ther under the name of " slavery," or under the 
 periphrase of" Cultivateurs, travaillantsau quart." 
 The principle is still the same that of compelling a 
 labouring man, having no capital, to devote his 
 physical powers to the service of another man, pos-
 
 xvih 
 
 sessed of capital, in such a manner, as to procure 
 for each of them, a larger portion of the produc- 
 tions of the soil, than either could have obtained 
 by his individual exertions. But, if it can be 
 shewn, that, of the two attempts which have been 
 made in the West Indies, to obtain this result, that 
 which has been the most successful, by which I 
 mean, that which has produced the greatest ad- 
 vantages to both parties, is the system adopted in 
 our West Indian establishments, I have no hesita- 
 tion in saying, that the attempt now making to 
 overthrow that system, without due regard to the 
 interests of the fixed Capitalist, is much to be de- 
 precated. The Senate and Representatives of 
 Haiti seem to have settled the question, that com- 
 pulsion is necessary to obtain regular and steady 
 labour in the West Indies, in their present state of 
 population. 
 
 I have the Honour to be, 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 Your Lordship's 
 
 TUT t, j- 
 
 Most obedient, 
 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 -91! I,' 
 
 THE TRANSLATOR, 
 
 . 

 
 CODE RURAL 
 D'HAITI. 
 
 Port-au-Prince, 
 
 De I'imprimerie du Gouvernement, 
 Juillet, 1826. 
 
 RURAL CODE 
 OF HAITI. 
 
 Port-au-Prince, 
 
 Printed at the Government Press, 
 July, 1826. 
 
 Liberte. 
 
 Egalite. Liberty. 
 
 Equality. 
 
 Republique d' Haiti. 
 
 CODE RURAL. 
 
 LA Chambre des Repr6- 
 santans des Communes, 
 sur la proposition du 
 President d'Haiiti, et oui 
 le rapport de sa Section 
 
 
 
 de 1'Interieur, a rendu 
 les six Lois suivantes, 
 formant le Code Rural 
 d'Haiti. 
 
 Republic of Haiti. 
 
 RURAL CODE. 
 
 THE Chamber of Repre- 
 sentatives of the Com- 
 mons, upon the proposi- 
 tion of the President of 
 Haiti, and having heard 
 the Report from the Mi- 
 nistry of the Interior, 
 has passed the six Laws 
 following, which consti- 
 tute the Rural Code of 
 Haiti. 
 
 No. 1. LO1. 
 
 Sur les Dispositions gene- 
 rales relatives d V Agri- 
 culture. 
 
 ART. 1. L'Agriculture 
 6tant la source principale 
 de la prosperity de 1'Etaf, 
 
 LAW. No. 1. 
 
 General Enactments rela- 
 tive to Agriculture. 
 
 ART. 1. Agriculture be- 
 ing the principal source 
 of prosperity in a State,
 
 sera essentiellement pro- 
 tegee et encouragee par les 
 Autorites Civiles et Mili- 
 takes. 
 
 ART. 2. Les Citoyens 
 de profession agricole ne 
 pourront tre detourn^s de 
 leurs traveaux que dans 
 les cas pre"vus par la loi. 
 
 ART. 3. Tousles Citoy- 
 ens ctant obliges de con- 
 courir a soutenir 1'Etat, 
 soit par leurs services, 
 soit par leur Industrie, 
 ceux qui ne seront pas 
 employes civils, ou requis 
 pour le service militaire, 
 ceux qui n'exerceront pas 
 une profession assujettie 
 a la patente ; ceux qui ne 
 seront pas ouvriers travail- 
 lans, ou employes comme 
 domestiques ; ceux qui ne 
 seront pas employes a la 
 coupe des bois propre a 
 1'exportation ; ceux enfin 
 qui ne pourront pas justi- 
 fier leurs moyen d'exist- 
 ence, devron cultiver la 
 terre. 
 
 shall be specially protect- 
 ed and encouraged by the 
 Civil and Military Autho- 
 rities*. 
 
 ART. 2. Citizens whose 
 employment is agricul- 
 ture, shall not be taken 
 from their labours, except- 
 ing in the cases provided 
 for by the law. 
 
 ART. 3. It being the 
 duty of every Citizen to 
 aid in sustaining the State, 
 either by his active ser- 
 vices, or by tyis industry, 
 those who arc not em- 
 ployed in the civil service, 
 or called upon for the mi- 
 litary service; those who 
 do not exercise a licensed 
 profession ; those who are 
 not working artizans,or em- 
 ployed as servants j those 
 who are not employed in 
 felling timber for expor- 
 tation; in fine, those who 
 cannot justify their means 
 of existence, shall culti- 
 vate the soilf. 
 
 * The Military Authorities appear in the very first clause of the Code. 
 What can Military Authorities have to do with Agriculture ? 
 f See Article* 45 and 46, and Articles 174, 175, 176, and 177.
 
 ART. 4. Les Citoyens 
 de profession agricole, ne 
 pourront quitter les cam- 
 pagnes pour habiter les 
 villes ou bourgs, sans 
 une autorisation du Juge 
 de Paix de la commune 
 qu'ils voudront quitter, et 
 de celui de la commune 
 ou ils voudront se fixer. 
 Le Juge de Paix ne donne- 
 ra 1'autorisation qu'apres 
 s'etre assure que le recla- 
 mant estde bonnes moeurs, 
 qu'il a tenu une conduite 
 reguliere dans le canton 
 qu'il se dispose a quitter, 
 et qu'il a des moyens d'ex- 
 istence dans la ville qu'il 
 veut habiter. Tous ceux 
 qui ne se conformeront 
 pas aux regies ci-dessus 
 etablies, seront conside- 
 red comme vagabonds, et 
 traites comme tels. 
 
 ART. 5. Les enfans des 
 deux sexes que leurs pa- 
 rens attaches a la culture, 
 desirerons envoy er dans les 
 villes ou bourgs pour leurs 
 apprentissage ou pour leur 
 education, ne pourront etre 
 recu, soit par les entre- 
 
 ART. 4. Citizens whose 
 employment is agriculture, 
 shall not be permitted to 
 quit the countiy to inhabit 
 the towns and villages, 
 without a permission from 
 the Justice of Peace of 
 the commune they desire 
 to quit, and of the com- 
 mune in which they desire 
 to establish themselves. 
 The Justice of Peace shall 
 give this permission only 
 after having ascertained 
 that the person asking it, 
 is of good morals, that his 
 conduct has been regular 
 in the canton he is about 
 to quit, and that he pos- 
 sesses the means of exist- 
 ence in the town he desires 
 to inhabit. All those who 
 do not conform to these 
 regulations, shall be con- 
 sidered as vagabonds, and 
 treated as such. 
 
 ART. 5. Children of ei- 
 ther sex, whom their pa- 
 rents, being attached to 
 agriculture, may be desi- 
 rous of sending into the 
 towns or villages, either 
 for their apprenticeship, 
 or their education, shall be
 
 preneurs, soit par les in- 
 stituteurs public ou parti- 
 culiers, qu'avec un certi- 
 ficat du Juge de Paix : 
 lequel certificat sera ac- 
 cord^ sur la demande, soit 
 du proprietaire, ou fermier 
 principal du lieu, soit de 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- 
 rale, soit du pere ou de la 
 mere de I'enfant. 
 
 Toute contravention aux 
 presantes dispositions sera 
 assujettie a une amende 
 devingt-cinq gourdes, pay- 
 able par celui qui aura 
 rec,u I'enfant sans autori- 
 sation. 
 
 received by contractors, or 
 by public or private teach- 
 ers, only upon a certificate 
 from a Justice of Peace. 
 Which certificate shall be 
 granted upon the demand 
 of the proprietor, or prin- 
 cipal farmer of the place ; 
 of the Officer commanding 
 the Rural Police, or of 
 the father or mother of the 
 child. 
 
 Every infraction of these 
 regulations shall be pu- 
 nishable by a fine of 
 twenty-five dollars, pay- 
 able by him who receives 
 the child without a certi- 
 ficate. 
 
 ART. 6. Les recrute- 
 mens militaires qui ne doi- 
 vent se faire qu'en vertu 
 des ordres du President 
 d'Haiti, n'auront jamais 
 lieu sur les Citoyens atta- 
 che's a la culture, si 1'ordre 
 du Chef de 1'Etat motive 
 par un danger imminent ne 
 1'a expressement specific. 
 
 ART. 6. Military enlist- 
 ments, which can only be 
 made by order of the Pre- 
 sident of Haiti, shall ne- 
 ver be made of Citizens 
 attached to agriculture, 
 unless by express com- 
 mand of the Chief of the 
 State alledging imminent 
 danger. 
 
 ART. 7. Aucune bou- ART. 7. No wholesale 
 
 tique en-gros ou en detail or retail shop shall be 
 
 ne pourra etre etablie, au- established, no traffic in 
 
 cune commerce de denrees the productions of the soil
 
 du pays nc pourra etre fait 
 dans les campagnes, sous 
 quelque pretexte que ce 
 soit; sontexceptesde cette 
 disposition,les sucres bruts 
 que Ton livre aux raffine- 
 ries, les sirops aux guildi- 
 veries ; le co'on en pierre, 
 que Ton porte aux moulins 
 a egrner. 
 
 ART. 8. Neanmoins, les 
 pacotilleurs patented am- 
 bulans resdant et sortant 
 des villes ou bourgs, pour- 
 ront vendre des provisions, 
 marchandises etrangeres, 
 qnincailleries, en parcou- 
 rant la campagne. 
 
 ART. 9. Lesmaisons, ou 
 cases que les particuliers 
 ont deja fait etablir dans 
 Tinterieur des communes, 
 la ou il n'existe pas de 
 bourgades regulieres, mais 
 settlement une reunion de 
 cases, soit pour habiter 
 eux-m6mes, soit pour louer 
 a autrui, serontassujetties 
 a 1'imposition sur la va- 
 leur locative des maisons, 
 comrae dans les villes ou 
 bourgs. 
 
 shall be carried on in the 
 country, under any pre- 
 tence whatever. Raw su- 
 gars sold to refiners, sweets 
 sold to distilleries, and 
 cotton in seed sold to gin- 
 ning-mills, are excepted 
 from these regulations. 
 
 ART. 8. Nevertheless, 
 licensed hawkers dwelling 
 in towns or villages, may 
 carry about the country, 
 and sell provisions, foreign 
 merchandize, and iron 
 wares. 
 
 ART. 9. Houses or huts 
 already built in the coun- 
 try parts of communes, in 
 places where no regular 
 villages have heretofore 
 existed, which are only an 
 assemblage of huts built 
 by individuals for their 
 own residence, or to let to 
 others, shall be subject to 
 a tax upon their letting 
 value, in the same mannei 
 as houses in towns and 
 villages.
 
 6 
 
 A 1'avenir, aucunc case 
 ne pourra etre batie dans 
 les campagne ou il n'y 
 aura pas de bourgade re- 
 connue, si elle n'est de- 
 pendante d'un etablisse- 
 ment rural. 
 
 ART. 10. Aucun pro- 
 prietaire riverain de lamer, 
 ne pourra avoir de canots, 
 ou embarcations, que pour 
 le transport de ces den- 
 f6es a la ville, ou bourg 
 voisin; et pource, il aura, 
 du Juge de Paix de la 
 commune, une licence qui 
 sera delivr6e gratis ; sous 
 aucune pr^texte, ces ca- 
 nots ne pourront faire le 
 cabotage des autres ports 
 ou ilots voisins ; ni la p6che, 
 si ce n'est pour le propre 
 usage de 1'habitation. 
 
 ART. 11. Toutes les 
 amendes confiscations pre- 
 vttes par le Code Rural, 
 seront prononc6es par les 
 Juges de Paix, lorsqu'elles 
 n'excederont pas une va- 
 
 in future, no hut shall 
 be erected in the country, 
 but in some recognized vil- 
 lage, unless it be depend- 
 ant upon some rural estab- 
 lishment. 
 
 ART. 10. No proprietor 
 bordering upon the sea, 
 shall be permitted to keep 
 boats or craft, excepting 
 such as are necessary for 
 carrying his produce to 
 the nearest town or vil- 
 lage; and for these he shall 
 take out a license, to be 
 delivered gratis by a Jus* 
 tice of Peace ; these boats 
 shall not, under any pre- 
 tence, carry on the coasting 
 trade between the neigh- 
 bouring ports or islets, or 
 be employed in fishing, 
 excepting for the use of 
 the plantation to which 
 they belong. 
 
 ART. 11. All fines and 
 confiscations imposed by 
 the Rural Code, not ex- 
 ceeding one hundred dol- 
 lars, shall be adjudged 
 by a Justice of Peace;
 
 leut de cent gourdes, et 
 par les Tribuneanx Civils, 
 lorsqu'elles exc^deront 
 cette sommc. La moiti6 
 des dites amendes et con- 
 fiscations appartiendra a 
 la caisse publique, et 1'au- 
 tre moiti6 a celui qui aura 
 fait connditre le delit. 
 
 ART. 12. Le jour de la 
 fe*te de 1'agriculture, des 
 groupes de cultivateurs de 
 chaque section se presen- 
 teront au lieu ou siege le 
 Conseildes Notables, avec 
 des echantillons de leurs 
 travaux. Les Conseils des 
 Notables, en presence de 
 toutes les autorite"s cou- 
 ronneront le cultivateur 
 qui auramieuxcultive son 
 champ dans chaque sec- 
 tion, et dans chaque espece 
 de culture, lequel recevra 
 un prix d'encourageraent. 
 II sera dresse", de ces cere- 
 monies, des proems ver- 
 baux qui seront rendu 
 publics. 
 
 exceeding one hundred 
 dollars, by the Civil Tri- 
 bunals. Half of all fines 
 and confiscations shall be- 
 long to the treasury, and 
 half to the informer. 
 
 ART. 12. On the day of 
 the festival of agriculture, 
 groups of cultivators from 
 each section shall present 
 themselves at the place 
 where the Council of No- 
 tables assembles, with 
 samples of their labours. 
 The Council of Notables, 
 all the authorities being 
 present, shall crown the 
 cultivator (in each section 
 for each species of cultiva- 
 tion) who shall be found 
 to have cultivated his field 
 in the best manner; he 
 shall also receive a prize 
 of encouragement. Ac- 
 counts of these ceremonies 
 shall be drawn up, and 
 made public. 
 
 ART. 13. Chaque anne, ART. 13. On the 1st of 
 au premier Septembre, les September in each year,
 
 Conseils des Notables a- 
 dresseront un rapport cir- 
 constancie au Pr6sident 
 d'Hai'ti, sur 1'etat des cul- 
 tures de chaque commune, 
 avec leurs observations sur 
 ce qui pourrait tendre a 
 I'amelioration des dites 
 cultures. 
 
 ART. 14. A la fin de 
 1'ann^e, les Commandans 
 d'arrondissement rendront 
 egalement compte au Pre"- 
 sident d'Haiti, de 1'etat 
 des cultures des arrondis- 
 semens et en outre de 1'e- 
 tat des chemins et routes 
 publiques. 
 
 the Council of Notables 
 shall make to the Presi- 
 dent of Haiti, a circum- 
 stantial report on the state 
 of cultivation in each com- 
 mune, accompanied by 
 their observations upon 
 what may tend to the im- 
 provement of cultivation. 
 i 
 
 ART. 14. At the end of 
 each year, the Comman- 
 dants of districts shall re- 
 port to the President of 
 Haiti, the condition of agri- 
 culture, and the state of 
 the public roads in their 
 respective districts*. 
 
 * See Article 125, where this regulation is repeated, and the matter to 
 be reported, set out more minutely.
 
 n 
 
 No. 2. LOI. 
 
 Sur I' Administration en ge- 
 neral des divers Etablisse- 
 mens d' Agriculture. 
 
 
 LAW. No. 2. 
 
 General Administration of 
 Agricultural Establish- 
 ments. 
 
 CHAP. PREMIER. CHAP. I. 
 
 Des Regies relatives & I' Ad- Regulations for the Admi- 
 
 ministration fonciere des nistration of the Landed 
 
 Etablissemens d'Agricul- part of Agricultural Es- 
 
 ture. tablishments. 
 
 SECT. PREMIERE. 
 
 Des Limit es, Abomemens, 
 
 et Etablissemens. 
 
 ART. 15. Tous les ter- 
 rains situes dans la cam- 
 pagne, et provenant des 
 concessions faites par 1'E- 
 tat, soit a titre de proprietc 
 nationale, soit a titre de 
 don partiel, qui n'auraient 
 pas e"te arpent^s jusqu'a 
 ce jour, devront Tetre dans 
 1'espace d'une annee a 
 compter de la date de la 
 promulgation du present 
 Code, sous peine d'une 
 amende d'une gourde par 
 carreaux de terre, payable 
 par les proprietaires. 
 
 Afin de parvenir a 1'ex- 
 ecution de la disposition 
 
 SECT. 1. 
 
 Of Limits, Boundaries, and 
 Establishments. 
 
 ART. 15. All lands si- 
 tuated in the country, 
 which have been granted 
 by the State to be holden 
 as national, or as indivi- 
 dual property, which have 
 not yet been surveyed, 
 shall be surveyed within 
 one year from the publica- 
 tion of this Code, under a 
 penalty of one dollar for 
 every three acres of land, 
 to be paid by the 
 prietor. 
 
 To ensure the due exe- 
 cution of the above enact-
 
 10 
 
 ci-dessus presente, le Juge 
 de Paix de la commune, 
 sur la declaration qui lui 
 en sera faite, apres 1'ex- 
 piration du delai fix6, re- 
 querra un Arpenteur du- 
 ment commissionn6, pour 
 mesurer et lever le plan 
 des concessions non ar- 
 pent6es, aux frais des con- 
 cessionnaires en defaut ; 
 alors 1'amende sera pro- 
 noncee et percue avec les 
 frais d'arpentage. 
 
 ART. 16. A partir de la 
 raeme promulgation, au- 
 cune vente de propri^te, 
 sise dans les campagnes, 
 ne pourra etre passe par- 
 devant Notaire, si cette 
 propri6t6 n'a 6t6 preala- 
 blement arpentee ou si les 
 abornemensn'en sontposi- 
 tivement reconnus par les 
 titres. Dans toue les cas, 
 toute vente partielle ne 
 pourra avoir lieu, que le 
 terrain ne soit prcalable- 
 ment arpent6e. Les no- 
 taires que contreviendront 
 a cette defense, encour- 
 ront les peines de droit. 
 
 ment, the Justice of Peace 
 of the commune, upon a 
 declaration being made to 
 him after the expiration of 
 the delay allowed, shall 
 call in a Surveyor duly ap- 
 pointed, to survey and lay 
 down plans of the grants 
 not surveyed, at the ex- 
 pence of the grantee, the 
 Justice shall thereupon 
 adjudge and levy the fine 
 and expences. 
 
 ART. 16. From, and 
 after the date of the pub- 
 lication aforesaid, no sales 
 of property situated in the 
 country, shall be made be- 
 fore a Notary, unless the 
 lands have previously been 
 surveyed, or the bounda- 
 ries be distinctly laid down 
 in the title deeds. In no 
 case shall any partial sale 
 take place, unless the 
 ground have previously 
 been surveyed. Notaries 
 who neglect to observe 
 these formalities, shall be 
 subject to the penalties 
 imposed by law.
 
 11 
 
 ART. 17. Toute con- 
 cession de terre accorded 
 jusqu'a la promulgation 
 du present Code, et qui, 
 un an apres, n'aura pas 
 un coramenceraent d'eta- 
 blissement j et toute con- 
 cession posterieure au pre- 
 sent Code, qui n'aura pas 
 un an apres la date du li- 
 tre de cette concession un 
 commencement d'establis- 
 sement, seront reunies aux 
 domaines de 1'Etat, le titre 
 sera retire" et renvoye au 
 Gouvernement. 
 
 ART. 18. Pour parve- 
 nir a la reunion mentionnee 
 en 1'article precedent 1'Offi* 
 cier de la Police Rurale, 
 conjointement avec le Con- 
 seil d' Agriculture, fera le 
 rapport au Juge de Paix, 
 et au Commandant Mili- 
 taire de la commune, de 
 1'etat d'abandon de la con- 
 cession, ceux ci apres s'etre 
 assurees del'exactitude du 
 rapport, le viseront, et 1'a- 
 dresseront au Command- 
 ant de rarrondissement, 
 qui, apres avoir la preuvc 
 
 ART. 17. Every grant 
 of land dated before the 
 publication of this Code, 
 which shall not be begun 
 to be cultivated within one 
 year from its publication ; 
 and every grant which may 
 be made hereafter, and 
 which shall not be begun 
 to be cultivated within one 
 year after the date of such 
 grant, shall be re-united to 
 the domains of the State, 
 the title shall be with- 
 drawn, and returned to the 
 Government. 
 
 ART. 18. To carry into 
 effect the provision of the 
 preceding article, the Offi- 
 cer commanding the Rural 
 Police, in conjunction with 
 the Council of Agriculture, 
 shall make a report of the 
 state of abandonment of 
 the grant to the Justice of 
 Peace, and to the Mili- 
 tary Commandant of the 
 commune, who, after hav- 
 ing enquired into the cor- 
 rectness of the report, shall 
 sign it, and address it to 
 the Commandant of the
 
 12 
 
 du fait retirera le titre, et district, who, after having 
 Fenverra au Gouverne- duly verified it, shall with- 
 ment. draw the title, and send it 
 
 to the Government. 
 
 ART. 19. Un etablisse- 
 ment sera repute" com- 
 mence^ lorsqu'il y aura un 
 jardin de travail!6 dans les 
 regies e"tablies par la loi, 
 et dont la contenance sera 
 proportionnelle au nombre 
 des cultivateurs attaches 
 a la propriete. 
 
 ART. 20. Les proprie- 
 taires des terrains cultiv^s, 
 et qui sont contigus, se- 
 ront tenus, a frais com- 
 muns, de faire cloturer 
 convenablement leurs pro- 
 prietes. 
 
 Celui qui s'y refusera 
 sera contraint par de voies 
 de droit. 
 
 ART. 21. Les proprie- 
 taires des biens ruraux 
 sont tenus de faire placer, 
 lors des operations d'ar- 
 
 ART. 19. An establish- 
 ment shall be held to be 
 commenced, as soon as a 
 garden shall be planted 
 according to the rules 
 established by law, and 
 the extent of which shall 
 be proportioned to the 
 number of labourers at- 
 tached to the property. 
 
 ART. 20. Proprietors of 
 cultivated lands border- 
 ing upon each other, shall 
 enclose their lands at their 
 joint expence. 
 
 The proprietor who may 
 refuse to do so, shall be 
 compelled, by proceedings 
 at law. 
 
 ART. 21. Proprietors 
 are bound, when their 
 grants are surveyed, to 
 cause proper landmarks 
 
 pentage, faites a leur re- to be erected, either in
 
 quisition, des borncs soli- 
 des en fer, en maconnerie, 
 ou en bois incorruptible, 
 sous peine d'une amende 
 de cinq gourdes pour cha- 
 que borne manquant a sa 
 place. 
 
 ART. 22. Les proprie- 
 taires qui auront neglige 
 1'execution de 1'article pre- 
 cedent, seront, apres avoir 
 paye 1'amende, oblig de 
 payer 1'ouvrier qui aurait 
 et6 employe, par 1'ordre 
 du Juge de Paix de la com- 
 mune, a etablir la borne 
 necessaire. 
 
 iron, in masonry, or in du- 
 rable wood, under penalty 
 of a fine of five dollars for 
 each landmark which may 
 be wanting. 
 
 ART. 22. Proprietors 
 who may have neglected 
 to obey the preceding 
 enactment, shall, after 
 having paid the fine, be 
 compelled to pay the 
 workman employed by the 
 Justice to erect the land- 
 mark 
 
 SECT. 2. 
 
 Des Obligations imposees 
 aux Proprietaires, ou a 
 ceux qui sont charges de 
 I' Administration des Pro- 
 prietes Rurale. 
 
 ART. 23. II est speciale- 
 ment deTendu d'abattredes 
 bois sur la cr6te des mon- 
 tagnes jusqu'a cent pas de 
 leur chute, ni a la t&te et 
 a 1'entour des sources, ou 
 sur le bord des rivieres, 
 les proprietaires des ter- 
 
 SECT. 2. 
 
 Duties imposed upon Pro- 
 prietors, or Persons hav- 
 ing the Management of 
 Rural Properties. 
 
 ART. 23. It is particu- 
 larly forbidden to cut down 
 woods upon the summits 
 of hills, or within one hun- 
 dred paces from their sum- 
 mits, at the head or in the 
 neighbourhood of springs> 
 or upon the banks of
 
 14 
 
 rains arroses par des 
 sources on rivieres, de- 
 vront entourer la tSte de 
 ces sources, et planter les 
 bords des rivieres de bana- 
 niers, bambous, ou autres 
 arbres propres a entretenir 
 la fraicheur. 
 
 ART. 24. Le proprie- 
 taire qui voudra bruler un 
 bois neuf, un champ de 
 vieilles Cannes, des savan- 
 nes, ou tout autre terrein, 
 sera tenu d'eii avertir 
 vingt-quatre heures d'a- 
 vance, tous les voisins 
 limitrophfis, sous peine de 
 repondre de tout le dom- 
 mage que le feu pourrait 
 occasionner. 
 
 ART. 25. Lorsqu'un in- 
 cendie se declarera sur une 
 propriete, les proprietaires 
 et agriculteurs voisins se- 
 ront tenus de s'y trans- 
 porter a fin d'aider a en 
 arreter les progres. 
 
 ART. 26. II est defendu 
 d'alluiner du feu dans les 
 savannes, les champs, ou 
 
 streams ; proprietors of 
 lands watered by springs, 
 or rivers, are bound to 
 plant bananas, bamboos, 
 and other trees capable 
 of preserving moisture, 
 around the springs, and 
 upon the banks of the 
 rivers. 
 
 ART. 24. Proprietors 
 intending to burn wood- 
 land, old canes, savannas, 
 or other land, shall give 
 twenty-four hours' notice 
 to the neighbouring pro- 
 prietors, under pain of be- 
 ing otherwise responsible 
 for all damage the fire may 
 occasion. 
 
 ART. 25. When a fire 
 breaks out upon a pro- 
 perty, the neighbouring 
 proprietors and labourers 
 shall attend and assist to 
 extinguish it. 
 
 ART. 26. It is forbidden 
 to light fires in the savan- 
 nas, fields, or gardens of
 
 15 
 
 jardins des habitations, 
 sans la permission ex- 
 presse des proprietaires, 
 fermiers, gerans, ou con- 
 ducteurs d'icelles. 
 
 plantations, without ex- 
 press permission of the pro- 
 prietors, managers, over- 
 seers, or drivers upon 
 them. 
 
 ART. 27. II ne pourra 
 etre entretenu sur les pro- 
 prietes destinees a la cul- 
 ture, aux manufactures, 
 ou autre etablissemens, 
 que les bestiaux neces- 
 saires a leur exploitation, 
 ou a 1'usage des proprie- 
 taires, gerans, conduc- 
 teurs, fermiers, ou agricul- 
 teurs; mais tous ces ani- 
 maux devront etre gardes 
 le jour en troupeaux, etla 
 nuit, dans les pares ou 
 savannes closes. 
 
 ART. 27. No cattle but 
 those absolutely necessary 
 for carrying on the culti- 
 vation, or for the personal 
 use of the proprietors, 
 overseers, drivers, farm- 
 ers, or labourers, shall be 
 kept upon estates intend- 
 ed for cultivation, for ma- 
 nufactories, or for other 
 establishments ; and these 
 shall be kept by day in 
 herds, and by night in en- 
 closed pastures or parks. 
 
 ART. 28. Les b&tes ca- 
 valines, les b^tesacornes, 
 cochons, &c. destinees a 
 la multiplication ne pour- 
 ront tre gardes que sur 
 des hattes etablies en 
 vertu, de la Loi, No. 4, 
 relative aux Hattes. 
 
 ART. 28. Horses, mules, 
 horned-cattle, swine, &c. 
 intended for breeding, shall 
 only be kept in pens esta- 
 blished according to Law, 
 No, 4, on Pens. 
 
 ART. 29. Aucum pro- ART. 20. No proprietor, 
 prietaire, fermier, ou ge- farmer, or overseer of a 
 rant d'habitation,ne pourra plantation, shall adopt a
 
 16 
 
 etablir chez lui nn systOrae 
 contraire a 1'ordre etabli 
 par la loi. 
 
 ART. 30. Aucune reunion 
 ou association de cultiva- 
 teurs fixes sur une meme 
 habitation, ne pourra se 
 rendre fermiere de la tota- 
 lite du bien qu'ils habitent, 
 pour 1'administrer par eux 
 memes en societe. 
 
 ART. 31 . Les cases ou 
 logemens des cultivateurs 
 ne pourront tre construits 
 que sur un meme point de 
 1'habitation a laquelle ils 
 seront attaches. 
 
 system contrary to that es- 
 tablished by law. 
 
 ART. 30. No union or 
 association of labourers 
 settled upon an estate, 
 shall be permitted to farm 
 the whole estate, to culti- 
 vate it themselves in part- 
 nership. 
 
 ART. 31. The huts of la- 
 bourers shall all be built 
 upon the same spot, upon 
 the plantation to which 
 they are attached. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Des Cultures in general. 
 
 ART. 82. Les cultures 
 principales consistent dans 
 les etablissemens des 
 plantes et arbres qui pro- 
 duisent des denrees pro- 
 pres a tre exportees a 
 1'etranger, et en grains de 
 toutes qualites; en toutes 
 especes de vivres ou ra- 
 cines destines a la subsist- 
 ence de la population. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of Cultivation in general. 
 
 ART. 32. The first class 
 of cultivation consists in 
 plantations which yield 
 produce for exportation, 
 every kind of grain, and 
 the provisions necessary 
 for the subsistence of the 
 people.
 
 17 
 
 ART. 33. Tousceuxqui 
 s'occupent des principales 
 cultures ne sent assujettes 
 a rimposition territoriale 
 etfonciere que sur la masse 
 des denrees qu'ils auront 
 recueillies, et propres a 
 1'exportation. 
 
 
 
 ART. 34. Les cultures 
 secondaires sont la culture 
 seulement dea potagers, 
 des fleurs, des arbres frui- 
 tiers, des vivresetdu four- 
 rage, lorsque ces exploita- 
 tions ont lieu sur les biens, 
 dont 1'etablissement n'a 
 pas pour but la culture des 
 denr6es principales. 
 
 ART. 35. Tous ceux 
 qui dans un etablissement, 
 s'occupent sp6cialement 
 des cultures secondaires, 
 sont assujettes a 1'imposi- 
 tion territoriale etfonciere, 
 sur la valeur estimative de 
 leurs productions de cha- 
 .que semestre. 
 
 
 
 ART. 36. Sur chaque 
 etablissement rural, on sera 
 tenu de cultiver des vivres, 
 grains, arbres fruitiers, tels 
 
 ART. 33. Those who 
 carry on this class of cul- 
 tivation, shall be subject to 
 the territorial and land 
 taxes upon the gross 
 amount only of the pro- 
 duce they raise fit for ex- 
 portation. 
 
 ART. 34. The second 
 class of cultivation consists 
 of kitchen and flower gar- 
 dens,fruit trees, provisions, 
 and forage, when these are 
 raised on estates not des- 
 tined to raise produce of 
 the first class. 
 
 ART. 35. Those who 
 carry on this class of cul- 
 tivation, shall be subject to 
 the territorial and land tax 
 upon the estimated value 
 of the weekly produce they 
 raise. 
 
 ART. 36. The proprietor 
 
 of every plantation shall 
 
 be compelled to cultivate 
 
 provisions, corn, fruit trees, 
 
 c
 
 
 18 
 
 qu' arbres a pain etc : suffi- such as the bread-fruit, &c. 
 
 sans pour la nourriture des sufficient to provide for the 
 
 personnes qui y sont era- people employed*, 
 ployees. 
 
 ART. 37. Tous les jar- 
 dins, soit de denrees, soit 
 de vivres ou grains devront 
 etre soigneusement entre- 
 tenus, sous la responsa- 
 bilite du proprietaire fer- 
 mier, ou gerant qui, en cas 
 de negligence pourra etre 
 condamn6 a I'amende, de- 
 puis trois jusqu' a quinze 
 gourdes. 
 
 ART. 37. Gardens, whe- 
 ther of produce, provi- 
 sions, or corn, shall be 
 carefully cultivated, for 
 which the proprietor, far- 
 mer, or overseer, shall be 
 responsible, under a pe- 
 nalty of from three to fifteen 
 dollars f. 
 
 ART. 38. Sur chaque ART. 38. The labourers 
 
 * Consolidated Slave Law of Jamaica, 57Geo. III. c.25, (1816), Section 6, 
 after directions for the inspection of provision grounds, " And whereas it 
 " may happen, that on some plantations or pens, settlements and towns, in 
 " this island, there may not be lands proper for the cultivation of provisions, 
 " or when hy long continuance of dry weather, the negro grounds may be 
 " rendered unproductive ; then, and in that case, the masters, owners, or 
 "possessors, do, by some other ways and means, make good and ample 
 " provision for all such slaves as they shall be possessed of, equal to the 
 < value of 3*. 4rf. currency per week for each slave, in order that they may 
 " be properly supported and maintained, under a penalty of fifty pounds." 
 
 There is no such humane and excellent provision as this in the whole 
 Rural Code. (Translator). 
 
 t The first part of the clause of the Consolidated Slave Law of 1816, cited 
 in the preceding note, says, " That every master, owner, or possessor of any 
 " slave or slaves, or his or her overseer or chief manager, shall, tinder the 
 " penalty of ten pounds for each neglect, personally inspect into the con- 
 *' dition of the negro grounds once in every month at least, in order to see 
 " that the same are cultivated and kept in a proper manner, of which oath 
 " shall be made, as in this act is hereafter directed."
 
 19 
 
 habitation les cultivateurs 
 y attaches travaillant au 
 quart seront tenus d'avoir, 
 pour leur usage personnel, 
 un jardin de vivres qu'ils 
 cultiveront pendant fours 
 heures ou jours de repos. 
 
 ART. 39. A 1'effet de 
 1'article precedent, les pro- 
 prietaires, fermiers ou ge- 
 rans, seront tenus de mettre 
 a la disposition des agri- 
 culteurs, le terrain neces- 
 saire pour 1'etablissement 
 de leurs jardins particu- 
 liers. 
 
 attached to any plantation 
 labouring for one quarter 
 of the produce, shall have 
 assigned to them for their 
 personal use, a garden for 
 pro vision s,whichthey shall 
 cultivate during their hours 
 and days of rest, 
 
 ART. 39. To effect the 
 preceding article, proprie- 
 tors, farmers, or overseers, 
 shall place at the disposal 
 of the labourers sufficient 
 ground for their gardens*. 
 
 ART. 40. Les digues, 
 bassins de distribution et 
 canaux qui servent a four- 
 nir 1'eau necessaire aux 
 habitans, tant pour 1'arro- 
 sage que pour toute autre 
 utilite seront entretenus 
 par tous les interesses, les- 
 quels seront tenus de con- 
 tribuer a tous les travaux 
 
 ART. 40. The dykes, 
 ponds, and canals which 
 supply the water required 
 by the inhabitants for irri- 
 gation, or for any other 
 purpose, shall be kept in 
 repair by the parties inte- 
 rested,who shall contribute 
 to the labour necessary for 
 their repair. No one shall 
 
 * " Every master, &c. shall, under a penalty of one hundred pounds for 
 " every neglect, &c. declare on oath, that he has inspected the negro grounds 
 " (where such negro grounds are allotted), of such plantation, pen, or 
 " settlement, according to the directions of this act, and that every negro 
 " on the property is sufficiently provided with grounds" (57 Geo. III. c. 25, 
 sec. 8). 
 
 c2
 
 pourleurentretien. Nulne 
 pourra se refuser a ces 
 travaux, ni disposer de la 
 portion d'eau de son voi- 
 sin, sans son consentiment. 
 Toutcontrevenant aux dis- 
 positions ci-dessus, paiera 
 line amende de dix a cin- 
 quante gourdes, et sera 
 tenu, en outre, de reparer, 
 a ses frais et depens, le 
 canal qu'il aura obstru6 
 ou detruit. 
 
 ART. 41. Lorsque les 
 denrees seront sur le point 
 d'etre ensaches,emballees 
 enfutailles, on empaque- 
 tees, sur une propri6te ru- 
 rale, 1'Officier de Police 
 Rurale de la section,aura le 
 droit d'examiner les dites 
 denre*es afin de s'assurer 
 qu'elles ne sont pas frau- 
 de"es; et dans le cas ou 
 elles le seraient, il en ar- 
 rtera la livraison, et en 
 fera immediatement son 
 rapport au Juge de Paix 
 de la commune ; si elles 
 sont seulement mal pre- 
 pare"es, il en empe"chera le 
 transport, etobligera 1'ha- 
 bitant a les renettoyer. 
 
 be permitted to evade this 
 work, nor to appropriate 
 the water belonging to his 
 neighbour, without his con- 
 sent. Persons guilty of in- 
 fractions, shall be liable to 
 a fine of not less than ten 
 dollars, nor more than fifty 
 dollars, and shall moreover 
 repair at their own charges 
 the canal they may have 
 obstructed or destroyed < 
 
 ART. 41. When produce 
 is about to be put into 
 sacks, bales, casks, or 
 packages, upon a rural 
 property, the Officer com- 
 manding the Rural Police 
 of the section, shall have 
 the right of inspecting the 
 produce, to ascertain that 
 it is not adulterated ; and 
 should it be so, he shall 
 stop the delivery, and re- 
 port it to the Justice of 
 Peace of the commune. 
 Should the produce be 
 badly manufactured only, 
 he shall stop its removal, 
 and compel the proprietor 
 to clean it.
 
 21 
 
 ART. 42. Le Juge de 
 Paix, en recevant le rap- 
 port, nommera des experts 
 pour prendre connaissance 
 de la denree, et s'il y a 
 fraude, et qu'elle soit con- 
 statee, la denree sera con- 
 fisquee au profit de 1'Etat. 
 
 ART. 43. Les denrees 
 d'exportation ne pourront 
 sortir des habitations pour 
 etre portees dans les villes 
 ou bourgs, et etre livrees 
 au commerce que sur un 
 permis des proprietaires, 
 lorsqu'ils residerons sur 
 leurs biens, et pour celles 
 des habitations ou les pro- 
 prietaires ne resideront pas 
 de I'Officier de la Police 
 Rurale de la section. Le 
 permis sera delivre gratis 
 sur papier libre, par 1'Oni- 
 cier de la Police, qui sera 
 tenu de 1'enregistrer. 
 
 ART. 44. Toute denree 
 transported en contraven- 
 tion a 1' Article precedent, 
 sera arret^e sur la route, 
 et conduite chez le Juge 
 de Paix de la commune, 
 qui s'assurera si la denree 
 
 ART. 42. The Justice, 
 upon receiving the report, 
 shall name skilful persons 
 to examine the produce ; 
 and should the adultera- 
 tion be proved, the pro- 
 duce shall be confiscated 
 to the State. 
 
 ART. 43. Produce fit for 
 exportation, shall not be re- 
 moved from the plantations 
 to towns or villages, and 
 sent into circulation, but 
 with a permit from the pro- 
 prietor, when resident, or 
 from the Officer command- 
 ing the Rural Police, when 
 the proprietor is not resi- 
 dent. The permit shall be 
 delivered gratis, upon un- 
 stamped paper, by the Of- 
 ficer commanding the Po- 
 lice, who shall enregister 
 it. 
 
 ART. 44. All produce 
 removed in contravention 
 of the preceding Article, 
 shall be stopped on the 
 road, and taken before the 
 Justice of Peace of the 
 commune, who shall en-
 
 22 
 
 n'a pas ete vo!6e, afin d'en 
 faire remise au proprie- 
 taire, et de poursuivre le 
 presum6 coupable. Dans 
 le cas ou ce serait le pro- 
 prietaire de la denree qui 
 aurait manqu6 de donner 
 le permis, il payera une 
 amende de trois a cinq 
 gourdes. 
 - 
 . 
 
 ifirrib 
 No. 3. LOI. 
 
 Sur les Contrats synallag- 
 matiques entre les Pro- 
 prietaires, ou Fermiers 
 principaux, et les Agri- 
 culteurs, Cultivateurs, ou 
 Travailleurs, et sur les 
 Obligations reciproques 
 des uns envers les autres. 
 
 CHAP. PREMIER. 
 
 Dispositions generales. 
 
 ART. 45. Les personnes 
 qui ne seront pas en acti- 
 vite au service de FEtat, 
 comme militaires,ouvriers, 
 ou employes quelconques, 
 et dont la profession sera 
 de cultiver la terre, ou de 
 
 quire whether the produce 
 have not been stolen, for 
 the purpose of restoring it 
 to the owner, and pursuing 
 the supposed guilty per- 
 son. Where the owner of 
 the produce shall have 
 neglected to furnish the 
 permit, he shall be subject 
 to a fine of not less than 
 three dollar^, nor more 
 than five dollars. 
 
 : ?9 is ^nTflofl -ud 
 
 LAW. No.W 
 
 Upon the mutual Contracts 
 to be entered into between 
 Proprietors, or Chief 
 Farmers, and Agricul- 
 turists, Cultivators, or 
 Labourers, and their re- 
 ciprocal Obligations. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 General Enactments. 
 ART. 45. All persons 
 not in active employment 
 of the State, as soldiers, 
 workmen, and others, and 
 whose business it is to 
 cultivate the soil, or to fell 
 timber for exportation,
 
 travailler aux coupes des 
 bois d'exportation, seront 
 teuues pour la garantie 
 mutuelle de leurs intcrcts, 
 de passer uu contrat sy- 
 nallagmatique, avec le pro- 
 prietaire, ou fennier prin- 
 cipal de la propriete rurale, 
 ou de la coupe, sur la 
 quelle elles devront ex- 
 ercer leur Industrie. Le 
 contrat pourra tre passe 
 colic ctivcmcnt ou indivi- 
 duellement au grc des con- 
 Iractans. 
 
 ART. 46. La duree des 
 contrats ne pourra etre 
 pour un temps moindre 
 que deux ans, ni plus long 
 que neuf ann6es pour la 
 culture secondaire et les 
 manufactures ; pour un 
 temps moindre que trois 
 anne"es, ne plus long que 
 neuf pour les autres cul- 
 tures ; moindre que sixmois 
 ni plus long qu'un an, pour 
 la coupe des bois pour 
 1'exportation. 
 
 shall, for the security of 
 their common interests, 
 enter into a mutual en- 
 gagement with the pro- 
 prietor, or chief farmer, of 
 the plantation or wood 
 upon which they are des- 
 tined to exercise their in- 
 dustry. The engagement 
 with the labourers may be 
 made either collectively or 
 individually. 
 
 ;.o; nq 
 
 ART. 46. No engage- 
 ment for the second class 
 of cultivation, or for ma- 
 nufactures, shall be for a 
 shorter period than two 
 years, nor for more than 
 nine years; for all other 
 species of cultivation, for 
 less than three years, nor 
 more than nine years ; and 
 for felling timber for ex- 
 portation, for less than six 
 months, nor more than one 
 year*. 
 
 * In what do these persons, thus bound to their employers, differ from 
 slaves, but in the name ? the snbstance of slavery is here; the name is not 
 far off. See 15 Geo.tll. c. 28, for the name given by the British Parliament 
 to rolnntary engagers of this description. See Articles 96 et seq. ; and for 
 exceptions, see Articles 75 et seq. The principles, as to the connection
 
 ART. 47. Le contrat sera 
 fait sur papier thnbr6 par- 
 devant Notaire, lequel en 
 gardera la minute: il de- 
 vra expliquer claireraent 
 toutes les conditions arre- 
 te"es entre les contractans 
 qui poufront y faire telles 
 stipulations qu'ils juge- 
 rons convenables, pourvu 
 qu'elles ne soit pas con- 
 traires aux dispositions du 
 present Code. 
 
 ART. 48. Tout propric- 
 taire, fermier, ou gerant 
 d'habitation, qui y rece- 
 vra ou y suffrira des-culti- 
 vateurs ou agricultures, 
 sans avoir fait avec eux le 
 contrat exig6 par les Ar- 
 ticles 47 et 49, sera con- 
 damne pour la premiere 
 fois a un amende de dix 
 gourdes par chaque per- 
 sonne rec,u sans contrat j 
 du double, en cas de reci- 
 dive, et en outre, ce pro- 
 
 ART. 47. The contract 
 shall be made upon stamp- 
 ed paper, before a Notary, 
 who shall keep a minute 
 of it : it must express dis- 
 tinctly all the conditions 
 agreed upon by the con- 
 tracting parties, who may 
 insert any stipulations they 
 please, provided such sti- 
 pulations be not in oppo- 
 sition to the enactments 
 of this Code. . Ju> /haollo'> 
 i B jasiitaiioub 
 
 ART. 48. Any proprie- 
 tor, farmer, or overseer of 
 a plantation, who shall 
 receive, or employ upon 
 the plantation, any cultiva- 
 tors or labourers, without 
 having made with them 
 the contract required by 
 Articles 47 and 49, shall 
 be condemned, for the first 
 offence to a fine of ten 
 dollars for each person so 
 employed ; and in case of 
 a repetition of the offence, 
 
 between labour, and the profitable employment of fixed capital, here exhi- 
 bited, are very important. The Code wisely extends the period for which 
 contracts for labour are to be in force, in proportion as a greater portion of 
 fixed capital is dependent on labour for its profitable employment. In felling 
 timber, little fixed capital is employed, and, in that case, the legal period for 
 .engagement with the labourer is the shortest.
 
 25 
 
 prietaire, fermier, ou ge- 
 rant, ne pourra exercer au- 
 cune action en justice con- 
 tre les agriculteurs qui au- 
 raient manqu6 envers lui 
 a leurs conventions verba- 
 les, il en sera de nie'me, a 
 1'egard des ouvriers tra- 
 vaillant aux coupes des 
 bois d'exportation. 
 
 ART. 49. Tout contrat 
 passe avec un agriculteur, 
 dont le contrat ant^rieur 
 n'etait point encore arrive 
 a son terme, sera mil de 
 plein droit; et 1'agricul- 
 teur qui aurait pass6 ce 
 second contrat, sera re- 
 conduit a ses frais, sur la 
 propriete ou il s'etait en- 
 gage et sera assujetti a 
 1'amende fixe par 1'Arti- 
 cle 48. 
 
 to double the amount, and 
 moreover, shall be de- 
 prived of any remedy 
 against, the labourers for 
 default of their verbal en- 
 gagements. This enact- 
 ment extends to labourers 
 employed in felling tim- 
 ber for exportation*. 
 
 '.} oupaio J .'. . 
 
 ART. 49. Any contract 
 entered into with a la- 
 bourer, whose preceding 
 contract shall not have 
 expired, shall be abso- 
 lutely void, and the la- 
 bourer who shall have 
 made such second con- 
 tract, shall be reconduct- 
 ed, at his own expence, 
 to the plantation where 
 he had previously engaged 
 himself, and shall be sub- 
 ject to the fine imposed by 
 Article 48. 
 
 ART. 50. Les chefs des ART. 50. Headmen of 
 compagnies travaillant de parties working for one 
 moitie dans les produits, half the produce, shall 
 
 * Exceptions to these regulations, are made in favour of a particular 
 class, by Articles 75 to 80 inclusive.
 
 2(5 
 
 devron partager par egale 
 portion, avec le proprie- 
 taire principal de 1'ha- 
 bitatioii, tout ce qu'ils re- 
 colterons sur la-terrc don- 
 nee de inoitie, en fait de 
 fruits, vivres, legumes, 
 grains et denre"es quel- 
 conques. 
 
 ART. 51. Lorsque dans 
 les habitations sucreries, 
 le travail se fera de moitie, 
 le proprietaire prelevera, 
 avant le partage, un cin- 
 quime du revenu brut 
 pour tenir lieu de loyer 
 des usines ou ustensilcs, 
 bestiaux, etc. employes a 
 1'exploitation, ou frais de 
 reparation; dans les au- 
 tres cultures, le montant 
 des depenses occasionnees 
 par la faisance-valoir ou 
 frais d'exploitation, sera 
 prelev6e avant le partage. 
 
 ART. 52. Les cultiva- ART. 52. Labourers 
 teurs travaillans au quart working for one quarter 
 
 * Wherever parties cultivating the land for half the produce, are men- 
 tioned, their headman is the person with whom the proprietor is made to 
 contract ; and by Article 161, he is declared to be their driver, (conducteur). 
 
 share in equal portions 
 with the principal pro- 
 prietor of the plantation, 
 all fruits, provisions, ve- 
 getables, grain, and pro- 
 duce they may raise upon 
 the land cultivated by 
 halves*. 
 
 ART. 51. When sugar 
 plantations are worked by 
 halves, the proprietor shall, 
 before the division takes 
 place, deduct one fifth of the 
 gross produce for theuse of 
 the works, utensils, stock, 
 &c . employed, or for the ex- 
 pences of repairs ; and in 
 other cases, the amount of 
 the plantation expences 
 shall be deducted before 
 the division.
 
 des revenus par eux pro- 
 duits participerons pour 
 un quart brut dans tout 
 ce qu'ils produiront : ils 
 jouiront en totalite des 
 fruits recolt6s dans leurs 
 jardins particuliers tra- 
 vailles eux, aux beures, 
 ou jours de repos. 
 
 ART. 53. Lorsque, dans 
 les grandes manufactures 
 en sucreries, eateries, co- 
 tonneries, indigotories, la 
 saison exigera que les 
 travaux soient pouss6s 
 avec activite, les diverses 
 societes de moitie que se 
 trouveront sur la mme 
 habitation devront s'en- 
 traider dans leurs travaux, 
 en se donnant mutuelle- 
 racnt un memo nombre de 
 journees de travail; 1'ad- 
 ministrateur de la pro- 
 priete reglera ces sortes 
 des compensation. , j, Ka 
 
 . 
 
 ART. 54 Lorsque les 
 denrees ou recoltes quelles 
 
 of the revenue raised by 
 themselves, shall divide 
 one clear quarter of the 
 gross produce they may 
 raise : they shall likewise 
 enjoy the whole of the 
 fruits raised in their indi- 
 vidual gardens, cultivated 
 by themselves during their 
 hours and days of rest*. 
 
 ART, 53. When the 
 seasons require that the 
 works upon great sugar 
 manufactories, coffee, cot- 
 ton, and indigo estates, 
 shall be pushed with ac- 
 tivity, the different par- 
 ties upon the same plan- 
 tation, who work for half 
 produce, shall assist each 
 other in their labours, af- 
 fording to each other an 
 equal number of days' as- 
 sistance ; these mutual aids 
 shall be regulated by the 
 manager of the estate. 
 
 ART. 54. When the 
 produce or crop has been 
 
 * These two Articles clearly make the same distinction between the two 
 classes of labourers, as now exists in Jamaica. Article 5 1 relates to job- 
 bing gangs; Article 52, to negroes belonging to the estate.
 
 28 
 
 qu'elles soient, seront fa- 
 briqu6es ou ramassees,soit 
 qu'elles proviennent de tra- 
 vaux faits au quart, ou en 
 societe de moitie, le de- 
 placement ne pourra s'ef- 
 fectuer de la propriety qui 
 lesauraproduites,qu'apres 
 le partage en nature aura 
 en lieu entre le proprie- 
 taire, oufermier principal, 
 et les agriculteurs travail- 
 lant au quart, ou associ^s 
 de moitie". 
 
 ART. 55. Sur les habi- 
 tations sucreries, le par- 
 tage des portions afferen- 
 tes aux cultivateurs devra 
 se faire apres la roulaison 
 de chaque piece de Cannes; 
 sur les habitations ou Ton 
 ne cultive que des vivres 
 ou grains, ou se fait la 
 coupe du bois a bruler, le 
 charbon, ou la coupe des 
 bois a marqueterie ou de 
 construction, du fourage, 
 ou d'autres exploitations 
 irregulieres, les reparti- 
 tions ne se feront aux tra- 
 vailleurs que tous les six 
 mois ; sur les autres habi- 
 tations telles^que caferies, 
 
 manufactured or gathered 
 in, whether it be made or 
 gathered by parties work- 
 ing for half or quarter pro- 
 duce, it shall not be re- 
 moved from the estate un- 
 til after a division has 
 been made between the 
 proprietor, or head farmer, 
 and the labourers working 
 at half, or quarter produce. 
 
 ART. 55. Upon sugar 
 estates, the division shall 
 be made after the working 
 of each patch of canes; 
 upon estates cultivated in 
 corn or provisions, woods 
 fallen for firewood, char- 
 coal, cabinet -making, or 
 building, in forage, and 
 other irregular produc- 
 tions, the division shall 
 be made every six months ; 
 and upon all other estates, 
 such as coffee, cotton, co- 
 coa, indigo, &c. the di- 
 vision shall take place 
 after crop.
 
 cotdnneries, cacaoyeres, 
 indigoteries, etc. Lespar- 
 tages auront lieu a la fin 
 des recoltes de caf6, indi- 
 go, cacao, coton, etc. 
 
 ART. 56. Lorsque les 
 ep6ques de la repartition 
 des deniers affe"rens aux 
 cultivateurs arriveront, 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- 
 rale de la section, dans 
 laquelle sera situee 1'habi- 
 tation, sera appele par le 
 proprietaire, fermier prin- 
 cipal, ou leur gerant, pour 
 etrete'moindupartage; les 
 comptes des denrees fabri- 
 que"es, ou autres produits 
 recoltes, seront exhibes, 
 ainsi que le certificat du 
 prix courant, et celui de 
 I'acqu6reur des denr6es 
 mentionnees enl'Article55. 
 La liste des compartageans 
 sera tablie, et les denrees 
 seront comptes. 
 
 ART. 56. When the 
 time for dividing the pro- 
 ceeds of the produce be- 
 longing to the labourers' 
 arrives, the Officer com- 
 manding the Rural Police 
 of the section, shall be 
 called in by the proprie- 
 tor, head farmer, or their 
 overseer, to witness the 
 division. The accounts of 
 the produce manufactured, 
 or crops gathered in, and 
 a certificate of the price 
 current, shall be produced, 
 together with a certificate 
 from the purchaser of the 
 produce enumerated in 
 Article 55. A list of all 
 persons entitled to share 
 shall be made out, and 
 the produce shall be enu- 
 merated. 
 
 ART. 57. Chacun des ART. 57. Each indi- 
 compartageans sera port6 vidual entitled to share, 
 sur la liste de partage a shall be inscribed upon
 
 faire par premiere, se- 
 conde, et troisieme classe, 
 en raison de leur force et 
 activite et du temps de 
 leur travail. 
 
 Les deniers a partager 
 seront devises en quart de 
 parts, demi-parts, et parts 
 entieres. Les condueteurs 
 des travaux au quart, ou 
 les chefs des societes de 
 moitie, auront trois parts 
 entieres. 
 
 Les maitres-sucriers les 
 maitres-cabrouettiers, et en 
 un mot toute maistrance, 
 auront deux parts. 
 
 Les bons travailleurs de 
 premiere classe, homines 
 ou femmes, auront une part 
 et demie. 
 
 Cenx de seconde classe, 
 auront une part. 
 
 Ceux de troisieme classe, 
 auront trois-quarts de part. 
 
 Les enfans de douze a 
 seize ans revolus, qui sont 
 utilises selon leurs capa- 
 cit6, et les vieillards qui 
 ne travaillent que medio- 
 crement, auront demi-part. 
 
 Les enfans de nenf a 
 
 the list in one of three 
 classes, according to his 
 strength and activity, and 
 the time he has worked. 
 
 The monies to be shared, 
 shall be divided into quar- 
 ter shares, half shares, and 
 shares. The drivers, and 
 head-men, shall be entitled 
 to three shares each. 
 . 
 
 Sugar-boilers, and chief 
 carter,and other head-men, 
 two shares each. 
 
 Good working men and 
 women of the first class, a 
 share and a half each. 
 
 Those of the second 
 class, a share each. 
 
 Those of the third class, 
 three-quarters of a share 
 each. 
 
 Children from twelve to 
 sixteen years of age, and 
 elderly people, half a share 
 each. 
 
 Children from nine to
 
 31 
 
 ouze ans revolus, qui sont 
 occupe*s selon leur age ou 
 leurs forces, les infirmes, 
 auront un quart de part. 
 
 Les fort deniers result- 
 ans de la formation des 
 parts serviront a augment- 
 er la portion des travail- 
 licurs qui auront montre 
 le plus d'exactitude, et de 
 perseverance dans leurs 
 travaux. 
 
 ART. 58. II sera fourni 
 aux travailleurs journa- 
 lieres des-cartes pour con- 
 stater leurs journees de 
 presence au travail. 
 
 Chaque semaine les 
 cartes journalieres seront 
 retirees, et remplacees par 
 des cartes de semaine, 
 lesquclles seront reglees, 
 lors des partages des de- 
 niers proveuaut des reve- 
 nus*. 
 
 ART. 59. En aucun cas, 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- 
 rale de la section, ne 
 pourra retirer de la masse 
 
 twelve, and weak infirm 
 people, a quarter share 
 each. 
 
 Any monies remaining 
 over and above the shares 
 paid to each person, shall 
 be divided among those 
 who have shewn the most 
 steadiness and activity in 
 their labour. 
 
 ART. 58. Tickets certi- 
 fying the days they have 
 been present, shall be 
 given to day-labourers. 
 
 These day tickets shall 
 be withdrawn once in each 
 week, and weekly tickets 
 substituted for them. Ac- 
 count shall be taken of 
 these weekly tickets at the 
 time of the divisions of 
 produce, or crop. 
 
 ART. 59. In no case 
 shall the Officer command- 
 ing the Rural Police, de- 
 duct from the amount to be 
 
 a partager aucune portion divided, any thing for him- 
 
 * This article relates to the class of labourers recognized in Article 75 
 et seq.
 
 pour se 1'attribuer, il drcs- 
 sera process verbal de ces 
 partages, qui sera adresse 
 avec les pieces a 1'appui, 
 au Conseil des Notables 
 de la commune, pour y 
 avoir recours au besom. 
 
 ART. 60. Les proprie- 
 taires,fermiers principaux, 
 ou gerans, ne pourront 
 donner tin permis a un 
 agriculture ou sous fer- 
 mier pour voyager dans la 
 meine commune, pour 
 s'absenter de son domicile 
 et de ses travaux, pour 
 plus de huit jours; lequel 
 permis sera delivre gratis 
 sur papier libre, et vise par 
 rO'fficier de la Police Ru- 
 rale. Lorsqu'il faudra un 
 permis pour un plus long 
 espace de tempts, le pro- 
 prietaire, fermier princi- 
 pal, ou gcrant, en refer- 
 ra au Commandant de li 
 
 commune. 
 
 ria 
 
 
 
 self. He shall draw up a 
 written account of these 
 divisions, and shall send 
 it, with the necessary 
 vouchers, to the Council 
 of Notables, as a docu- 
 ment of reference in case 
 
 of necessity. 
 
 - 
 
 ART. 60. Proprietors, 
 farmers, and overseers, 
 are forbidden to give per- 
 mission to any labourer 
 to travel in the commune, 
 or to absent himself from 
 his domicile, and work for 
 more than eight days: the 
 permit shall be on un- 
 stamped paper, delivered 
 gratis, and signed by the 
 Officer commanding the 
 Rural Police. When the 
 parties require a longer 
 leave of absence, the pro- 
 prietor, farmer, or over- 
 seer, shall refer them to 
 the Commandant of the 
 commune*. 
 
 . 
 
 " 
 
 * Consolidated Slave Law, .57 Geo. III. c. 25, sec. 30, provides that no 
 slave shall travel without a ticket from his master; and sec. 31, says, 
 " that no ticket shall be given any slave, or slaves, forauy time exceeding 
 " one calendar month." See Articles 180 and 187.
 
 33 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Des Obligations des Pro- 
 prietaires, Fermiers, ou 
 Gerans, enver lesAgricul- 
 teurs. " 
 
 ART. 61. Les proprie- 
 taires, fermiers, ou gerans, 
 ne pourront employer qu'a 
 des travaux agricoles, ou 
 a ceux qui en dependent, 
 les cultivateurs qui auront 
 contracts avec eux. Us 
 devront les trailer en bons 
 peres de i ami lie. 
 
 ART. 62. Les proprie- 
 taires, ou fermiers princi- 
 paux, fourniront a leurs 
 frais et depens, les outils 
 ou instrumeus aratoires 
 aux, cultivateurs travail- 
 lans au quart, ces outils 
 ne pourront etre remplaces 
 qu'eu justifiant qu'ils sont 
 uses, ou brises au service 
 des proprietaires. Cepen- 
 dant le cultivateur qui per- 
 dra les outils qui lui auront 
 etc fournis, sera tenu deles 
 remplaeer ; s'il ne le fait pas, 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the Duties of Proprie- 
 tors, Farmers, or Over- 
 seers, towards the La- 
 bourers. 
 
 ART. 61. Proprietors, 
 farmers, oroverseers, shall 
 employ the labourers with 
 whom they have contract- 
 ed, at agricultural labour, 
 or at labour relating to 
 agriculture only. They 
 shall treat their labourers 
 as parents would their 
 children. 
 
 ART. 62. Proprietors, or 
 head farmers, shall supply 
 at their own expence, the 
 labourers working at quar- 
 ter produce, with tools and 
 farming implements ; these 
 tools shall only be replac- 
 ed when proved to have 
 been worn out, or broken, 
 in the service of the pro- 
 prietor. The labourer who 
 loses the tools supplied 
 him, shall replace them 
 himself; if he do not, he 
 shall receive others, the 
 D
 
 il lui sera fourni d'autres, 
 dont la valeur sera retenue 
 sur sa portion du revenu. 
 
 ms<l 9&;'$ 
 ART. 63. Le proprie- 
 taire, oufermier principal, 
 sera oblig6 de fournir, 
 sans frais, aux agricul- 
 teurs travaillant au quart, 
 les moyens de transporter 
 leurs portions de denr6es 
 au lieu ou elle sera vendu ; 
 les associ6s de moiti6 fe- 
 ront les transports a leurs 
 propres frais. 
 
 ART. 64. Lorsque le 
 proprietaire ou fermier 
 principal se chargera de 
 vendre ou faire vendre la 
 portion des denr6es affe- 
 rentes aux cultivateurs 
 travaillant au quart, ou 
 revenant aux associes de 
 moiti, il sera tenu de faire 
 constater, delamaniere la 
 plus legale, le prix cou- 
 rant des denrees au mo- 
 ment ou il vendra ou fera 
 vendra les portions de ces 
 
 price of which shall be de- 
 ducted from his share of 
 the produce. 
 
 ART. 63. The proprie- 
 tor, or head farmer, shall 
 supply the labourers 
 working at quarter pro- 
 duce, the means of con- 
 veying their share of the 
 produce to the place of 
 sale, free of expence ; the 
 labourers working at half 
 produce, shall convey their 
 produce at their own ex- 
 pence*. 
 
 ART. 64. When the pro- 
 prietor or chief farmer un- 
 dertakes to dispose of the 
 portion of the produce ap- 
 plicable to the labourers 
 working at quarter pro- 
 duce, or belonging to those 
 at half produce, he shall 
 be bound to prove, in the 
 most legal manner, the 
 price current of the pro- 
 duce at the time of sale, 
 and to produce, at the 
 time of the division of the 
 
 * See Note to Articles 51 and 52.
 
 cultivateurs et de pro- 
 duire, lors du partage des 
 dealers, le certificat de 
 1'acquereur ainsi que 1'at- 
 testation du prix courant. 
 
 ART. 65. Lorsque les 
 portions de denrees reve- 
 nant aux agriculteurs, tra- 
 v ail I ant au quart ou de 
 moiti6, seront venduespar 
 les conducteurs des ate- 
 liers, ou chefs de moitie, 
 ceux ci ne serout pas 
 moins obliges de faire con- 
 stater le prix courant de 
 la denrec au moment de 
 la vente, et d'exhiber le 
 certificat de 1'acquereur, 
 comme il est etabli en 
 1'article ci-dessus afin de 
 prouver que les coparta- 
 geans recoivent justement 
 la part a laquelle ils ont 
 droit sur le produit de leurs 
 travaux. 
 
 ART. 66. Dans aucun 
 cas, les proprietaires ou 
 fermiers principaux, ne 
 pourront prelever aucune 
 portion sur la part afiie- 
 rente aux cultivateurs tra- 
 vaillant au quart, ou aux 
 
 proceeds, a certificate from 
 the purchaser, as well as 
 the price current duly at- 
 tested. 
 
 Ja' ' iorraft <> 
 
 ART. 65. When the 
 portion of produce be- 
 longing to the labourers, 
 is sold by the drivers or 
 jobbers, these shall like- 
 wise be bound to produce 
 the price current at the 
 time of sale, duly attested, 
 and a certificate from the 
 purchaser; for the purpose 
 of proving" that the sharers 
 have received their fair 
 and just rights. 
 
 ART. 66. The proprie- 
 tor or head farmer, shall 
 in no case deduct any 
 thing from the share of 
 produce due to the la* 
 bourers, for the payment 
 of the salaries of over- 
 
 D2
 
 associes de moitie pour seers. These salaries shall 
 
 payer leurs gerans. Le 
 salaire des dits gerans sera 
 au compte du propri6taire 
 ou fermier principal. 
 
 always be paid by the pro- 
 prietor or head farmer. 
 
 ART. 67. Les proprie- 
 taires ou fermiers seront 
 obliges, sous peine d'une 
 amende de cinq a quinee 
 gourdes, de s'abonner avec 
 un officier de santc, pour 
 soigner les agriculteurs ; et 
 de fournir les medicamens 
 neeessaires, lorsqu'ils y en 
 aura dans la commune; 
 ces medicamens seront 
 fournis gratis aux culti- 
 vateurs, lorsqu'ils auront 
 contract^ au quart; ils se- 
 rons rcmbourscs au prix 
 coutans lorsqu'ils seront 
 fournis a des associes tra- 
 vaillant de moitie, ou com- 
 me sous -fermiers. 
 
 ART. 68. Les proprie- 
 taires ou fermiers princi- 
 paux de biens ruraux, de- 
 vront veiller a ce que les 
 enfans en bas age qui se 
 trouveront sur la propriete 
 
 ART. 67. Proprietors or 
 farmers shall be required, 
 under penalty of not less 
 than five dollars, nor more 
 than fifteen dollars, to en- 
 gage with a medical man 
 for attendance upon the 
 labourers, and to supply 
 medicines when any are 
 to be procured in the 
 commune : these medicines 
 shall be supplied gratis to 
 labourers working at quar- 
 ter produce*; they shall 
 be paid for at the cost 
 price by all others. 
 
 ART. 68. Proprietors and 
 principal farmers of rural 
 properties, shall take care 
 that infant children are 
 properly taken care of: 
 one or more nurses shall 
 
 * See Note to Articles 51 and 52.
 
 37 
 
 soient bien soignes, a cet 
 effet, une ou plusieurs 
 gardiennes seront expres 
 affectees a ce soin ; le paie- 
 ment de cos soins sera 
 support^ par les agricul- 
 teurs, en raison du nom- 
 bre de leurs enfans. 
 
 be appointed for this pur- 
 pose; the expences at- 
 tending this, shall be borne 
 by the labourers. 
 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Des Obligations des Agri- 
 cultenrs, envers les Pro- 
 prietaires, Fermiers, ou 
 Gerans. 
 
 ART. 69. Les agricul- 
 teurs seront soumis et re- 
 spectueux envers les pro- 
 prietaires et fermiers avec 
 lesquelles, ils auront con- 
 tracted, ainsi qu'envers les 
 gerans. 
 
 ART. 70. Les agricul- 
 teurs derront executer a- 
 vec zele et exactitude tous 
 les travaux agricoles qui 
 leur seront commandos par 
 les proprictaircs, fermiers, 
 ou gerans, avec lesquels 
 ils auront contracted. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of the Duties of Labour- 
 ers towards Proprietors, 
 Farmer*, or Overseers. 
 
 ART. 69. Labourers shall 
 be submissive and respect- 
 ful to the proprietors and 
 farmers with whom they 
 have contracted, as well 
 as to the overseers. 
 
 ART. 70. Labourers shall 
 perform with zeal and ex- 
 actitude, whatever agri- 
 cultural labours may be 
 required of them by the 
 proprietors, farmers, or 
 overseers, with whom they 
 have contracted. 
 
 ART. 71. Les agricul- ART. 71. Labourers, un- 
 teurs, a quelque titre ou der whatever name, or
 
 condition qu'ils aient con- 
 tracts serqnt obliges de 
 consacrer tout leurs temps 
 aux dits travaux et de ne 
 s'en detourner aucunement, 
 ils ne pourront s'absenter 
 de leur demeure que du 
 Samedi matin au Lundi 
 avant le lever du soleil, 
 sans le consentement des 
 propritaires,fermiers prin- 
 cipaux, au gerans ; pour 
 tous les autres jours ou- 
 vrables; ils seront tenus 
 d'avoir un permis du pro- 
 prietaire, fermier principal, 
 ou grant, s'ils ne doivent 
 pas sortir de la commune ; 
 dans le cas contraire ce 
 permis sera vise de 1'Offi- 
 cier de la Police Rurale 
 de la section, et du Com- 
 mandant de la place. 
 
 .''A! .07 .1 
 
 - *" I . - ' 
 
 hB 1 
 
 _:;:t e-.r.:. 
 
 d t:-,i!, 
 ART. 72. Les cultiva- 
 
 teurs travaillant au quart, 
 6u associesdemoitidans 
 
 upon whatever condition 
 they may have bound 
 themselves, shall conse- 
 crate the whole of their 
 time to such labour, and 
 shall not quit it upon any 
 pretence whatever; they 
 shall not absent themselves 
 from their houses at any 
 time, but from Saturday 
 morning until Monday be- 
 fore sun-rise, without per- 
 mission from the proprie- 
 tor, farmer, or overseer; 
 on all other days of labour, 
 they shall be required to 
 have a permit from the 
 proprietor, head farmer, or 
 overseer, if they are not to 
 go beyond the bounds of 
 their commune; for all 
 other purposes, the permit 
 must be countersigned by 
 the Officer commanding 
 the Rural Police of the 
 section, and by the Com- 
 mandant of the place*. 
 
 ?iii.-if 
 
 AuT.72. Labourers work- 
 ing at quarter produce, or 
 those entitled to half pro- 
 
 * See Article 187.
 
 39 
 
 les produits, serons terms 
 de preparer et mettre en 
 etat de livraison la por- 
 tion de denrees du proprie- 
 taire ou fermier principal, 
 de conduire cette denree, 
 au lieu de la livraison, 
 moyennantquele proprie- 
 taire ou fermier principal 
 fournisse les moyens de 
 transport. 
 
 duce, shall be bound to 
 prepare, and to put into 
 condition for delivery, the 
 part of the produce apper- 
 taining to the proprietor or 
 farmer, and to convey it 
 to the place of delivery, 
 the means of transport be- 
 ing provided by the pro- 
 prietor or farmer. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Des Sous-Traites entre les 
 Agriculteurs de Moitie et 
 les Cultivateurs employes 
 pareux. 
 
 ART. 73. Les sous-fer- 
 miers, et les chefs de so- 
 ciete sur les habitations, 
 auront la faculte" de sous- 
 traiter directement avec 
 les agriculteurs : mais ils 
 demeureront responsables 
 nvers le proprietaire ou 
 le fermier principal des 
 faitsdes sous-contractans. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of the Sub-Treaties between 
 Agriculturists at Half 
 Produce and the Labour- 
 ers employed by them. 
 
 j. y j 
 
 ART. 73. Sub-farmers, and 
 head-men of bands upon 
 plantations, shall have the 
 power of sub- contracting 
 with labourers; but they 
 shall be answerable to the 
 proprietor or head farmer, 
 for the conduct of the per- 
 sons they engage. 
 
 ART. 74. Le nombre des ART. 74. The number of 
 sous-contractans nepourra sub-contractors shall ne-
 
 40 
 
 exccdcr celui de dix par 
 chaque sous-fermier ou 
 Chef de societe". 
 
 ver exceed ten for each 
 sub-farmer or head-man*. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Des Regies relatives a ceux 
 qui sont au Service de la 
 Republique, et qui de- 
 meurent et travaillent sur 
 les Proprietes Rurales. 
 
 ART. 75. Les militaires 
 en activite de service, ou 
 autre personnes employees 
 par 1'Etat, pourront pren- 
 dre des arrangemens avec 
 les proprietaires ou sous- 
 fermiers principaux, des 
 chefs de societe de moiti6 
 ou sous-fermiers pour tra- 
 vailler a 1'agriculture, soit 
 au quart ou a la moitie, 
 soit comme sous-fermiers : 
 dans ce cas, ils seront 
 soumis a toutes les obli- 
 gations qu'ils auront con- 
 tracte, et qui seront com- 
 patibles avec leurs devoirs 
 publics. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Rules respecting Persons in 
 the Service of the Repub- 
 lic, residing and working 
 upon Plantations. 
 
 ART. 75. Soldiers in ac- 
 tive service, and other per- 
 sons employed by the 
 State, shall be permitted 
 to engage themselves to 
 proprietors, farmers, head- 
 men of bands working at 
 half produce, or sub-farm- 
 ers, for agricultural la- 
 bour, either at quarter or 
 half produce, or as sub- 
 farmers : they shall be li- 
 able to ail the engage- 
 ments they may contract, 
 so far as the same may 
 be compatible with their 
 public duties. 
 
 * This and the preceding article savour strongly of personal slavery. 
 Here we have persons having no land of their own, allowed to procure 
 others to bind themselves to them, and they are authorized to sell the 
 labours of these bondmen.
 
 41 
 
 ART. 76. Lorsque les mi- 
 litaires, ou autres employes 
 au service de 1'Etat, qui 
 ont fixe" leur demeure sur 
 une habitation, n'auront 
 aucune contrat avec le 
 proprietaire, ou fermier de 
 nette propriete ; ils pour- 
 ront prendrc avec lui ver- 
 balement, ou par ecrit, des 
 arrangemens pour travail- 
 ler par surname, par mois, 
 ou a 1'entreprise, d'apres 
 les prix et conditions qui 
 seront convenu entre eux; 
 mais ces militaires seront 
 obliges de concourir, sans 
 paiement particulier, a tous 
 les travaux relatifs a Fen- 
 tretien des canaux d'arro- 
 sage et autres, des puits, 
 et citernes, de la proprie'te, 
 des entourages ou clotures 
 des jardins, et savannes, et 
 au maintien du bon ordre 
 sur la propriete. 
 
 ART. 77. Lorsque les mili- 
 taires, ou autres employe" s 
 au service de 1'Etat, ne se 
 conformeront pas, envers 
 les proprietaires ou fer- 
 miers pr-incipaux des biens 
 sur lesquels ils resideront, 
 
 ART. 76. When soldiers, 
 or other persons in the 
 employ of the State, who 
 have taken up their abode 
 upon a plantation, shall 
 have entered into no en- 
 gagement with the pro- 
 prietor or farmer of the 
 plantation ; they may make 
 a verbal or written con- 
 tract with him, to labour 
 by the week, by the month, 
 or by the piece, upon what- 
 ever terms and conditions 
 they please ; but these sol- 
 diers shall be obliged to 
 join, without remunera- 
 tion, in all labours ne- 
 cessary for repairing the 
 water-courses, wells, and 
 cisterns upon the estate, the 
 hedges and enclosures of 
 gardens and meadows, and 
 in maintaining order upon 
 the plantation. 
 
 ART. 77. When soldiers, 
 or other persons in the em- 
 ploy of the State, shall not 
 comport themselves to- 
 wards the owners or farm- 
 ers of the estate upon 
 which they dwell, accord-
 
 42 
 
 aux Articles 75 et 76 de la 
 presente Loi, ils pourront 
 tre renvoys de la dite 
 proprit6. 
 
 ART, 78. Les militaires, 
 ou autres employes au ser- 
 vice de 1'Etat, qui contrac- 
 teront avec des proprie- 
 taires ou fermiers, pour tra- 
 vailler a gages par semaine 
 pu autrement, devront re- 
 specter les dites proprie- 
 taires, fermiers, ou g6rans 
 de la proprietc sur laquelle 
 ils travailleront, et leur 
 obeir. 
 an AIIIJJ-J.J IL-j i\l 
 
 ART. 79. Lorsque les mili- 
 taires, ou autres employ6s 
 au service de 1'Etat, au- 
 ront 6te requis par le pro- 
 prietaire, fermierprincipal, 
 ou gerant, pour travailler 
 a la journee, a la semaine, 
 a 1'entreprise ou autre- 
 ment, dans uu champ cul- 
 tive par les agriculteurs 
 travaillant au quart, ou 
 pour aider a la manufac- 
 ture, ou a faire la recolte 
 des denrees; les gages 
 payes a ces sortes de tra- 
 yailleurs, seront deduit* 
 
 ing to Articles 75 and 76 
 of this Law, they may be 
 sent off the property. 
 
 ART. 78. Soldiers, or 
 others in the service of the 
 State, who engage them- 
 selves to proprietors or 
 farmers, to labour for 
 wages by the week or other- 
 wise,shall respect and obey 
 the owners, farmers, or 
 overseers of the estate, to 
 whom they have engaged 
 themselves. 
 
 ART. 79. When soldiers, 
 or others employed in the 
 service of the State, are 
 required by the proprietor, 
 farmer, or overseer, to work 
 by the day, the week, the 
 job, or otherwise, in afield 
 cultivated by labourers 
 working at quarter pro- 
 duce, or to assist in gather- 
 ing in its produce, or the 
 manufacture of it, their 
 wages shall be deducted 
 from the gross amount of 
 the proceeds of such la- 
 bour, before the quarter
 
 de la masse du revenu pro- belonging to the other la- 
 venant de ce travail, avant bourers is separated, 
 que le quart afferent aux 
 cultivateurs soit prelev6. 
 
 ART. 80. Lorsque des 
 travailleurs, tels que ceux 
 mentionnes en 1' Article 
 precedent, seront requis 
 par des chefs de societ6 
 de moiti6, afin deles aider 
 dans leurs travaux, les 
 gages paye"s a ces travail- 
 leurs seront prele>e\s par la 
 portion revenant aux asso- 
 cies de moiti6 avant que le 
 partage puisse s'effecteur 
 entr'eux. 
 
 Si ces travailleurs quit- 
 taient de leurs propre vo- 
 lonte, le travail pour le- 
 quel ils auraientete requis, 
 avant la fin de la semaine, 
 ils n'auront rien a pr6ten- 
 dre pour le temps qu'ils 
 auront travail!6 pendant 
 le commencement de cette 
 meme semaine. 
 
 ART. 80. "When labour- 
 ers, such as those men- 
 tioned in the preceding Ar- 
 ticle, are called upon by 
 head-men of bands entitled 
 to half the produce, to aid 
 them in their labours, their 
 wages shall be paid out of 
 the moiety of the produce 
 coming to such labourers, 
 before the division of it 
 takes place. 
 
 If these labourers quit 
 the work they have con- 
 tracted to do, of their own 
 free will, before the end of 
 the week, they shall be en r 
 titled to no remuneration 
 for the time they may have 
 laboured during the begin- 
 ning of the week*. 
 
 . , i , , . 
 
 * This, and the nine preceding Articles, recognize a class of labourers who 
 are the only free labourers in Haiti. 
 
 '.'.'Usii, . .'. ..'/: : u/: -;:/;
 
 44 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Du Mode pour regler et ter- 
 miner les Difficult^ entre 
 les Proprietaries, Fer- 
 miers, Gerans, et les Agri- 
 
 . culteurs, Associes de Mot- 
 tie, Sous-Fermier, etc. 
 
 ART. 81. Lorsqu'il sur- 
 viendra entre des proprie- 
 taires, agricoles, ferraiers 
 principaux, gerans, et les 
 agriculteurs, associe"s de 
 moiti, ou sous fermiers, 
 des differends ; les parties 
 porteront d'abord leur 
 plaintes ou reclamations 
 pardevant VOfficier de la 
 Police Rurale de la sec- 
 tion, lequel, assiste si be- 
 soin est, du Conseil d'Agri- 
 culture du quartier, s'oc- 
 cupera de suite de terminer 
 a 1'aimablc les differends, 
 en ce qui sera de sa com- 
 petence. 
 
 . 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of the Mode of deciding all 
 Disputes between Pro- 
 prietors, Farmers, Over- 
 seers, and Agriculturers 
 at Half Produce, Sub- 
 Farmers, fyc. 
 
 ART. 81. When difficul- 
 ties arise between proprie- 
 tors, agriculturists, farm- 
 ers, overseers, and agri- 
 culturers at half produce, 
 or sub-farmers, the parties 
 shall in the first instance 
 carry their complaints be- 
 fore the Officer command' 
 ing the Rural Police of the 
 section, who, being assist- 
 ed, if necessary, by the 
 Council of Agriculture of 
 the district*, shall endea- 
 vour to bring about a com- 
 promise between the par- 
 ties, in all matter falling 
 within his jurisdiction. 
 
 ART. 82. Dans le cas ou ART. 82. When the raat- 
 les differends seraient de ter in dispute cannot be 
 nature a ne pas tre ter- settled by the Officer corn- 
 mines par 1'intcrvcntiori de manding the Rural Police, 
 
 See Article 1 65, for some account of this Council.
 
 46 
 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- assisted by the Council of 
 rale, assiste du Conseil Agriculture, he shall re- 
 d'Agriculture, il invitera quire the parties to name 
 les parties a se choisir des arbitrators within the sec- 
 arbitres, dans la section 
 m6me, pour regler et ter- 
 miner leur differends. 
 
 tion, to regulate and ter- 
 minate their differences. 
 
 ART. 83. Dans le cas ou 
 les differends ne pourraient 
 pas encore se terminer par 
 1'arbitrage sur les lieux, ou 
 que les parties n'auraient 
 pas nomme leurs arbitres, 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- 
 rale attendra un Samedi, 
 ou un Dimanche pour ren- 
 voyer les parties devant 
 le Juge de Paix de la com- 
 mune : le tout devra se 
 faire dans le delai de six 
 jours au plus, 
 
 ART. 84. Le Juge de 
 Paix sera tenu de decider 
 du differend, et ne pourra, 
 sous peine de deni de jus- 
 tice, arguer du silence de la 
 Loi sur le cas qui sera pre- 
 sente a sa decision. 
 
 ART. 83. When the mat- 
 ters in dispute cannot be 
 decided by arbitration on 
 the spot, or where the par- 
 ties have neglected to name 
 arbitrators, the Officer com- 
 manding the Rural Police 
 shall wait until Saturday 
 or Sunday, to refer the par- 
 ties to the Justice of Peace 
 of the commune: the delay 
 must not exceed six days. 
 
 ART. 84. The Justice of 
 Peace is bound to decide 
 the matter in dispute, and 
 shall not alledge the silence 
 of the Law on the matter 
 in dispute, as a ground for 
 refusing to give judgment, 
 under penalty of a denial 
 of justice. 
 
 ART. 85. Le Juge de ART. 85. The Justice of
 
 ~x\r 
 
 Paixdevraprononcerrfans Peace shall give judgment 
 
 le delai de vingt-quatre within twenty -four hours 
 
 heures, ou plus, apres la after the appearance of the 
 
 comparation des parties. parties. 
 
 No. 4. LOI. 
 
 T A W TVT * 
 
 LAW. No. 4. 
 
 SUR LES HATTES. 
 
 Etablissemens et de 
 r Administration des 
 Hattes. 
 
 ART. 86. Les hattes ne 
 pourront 6tre etablies que 
 dans les lieux suffisam- 
 ment eloign6s des habita- 
 tions cultivees en denrees, 
 t a une lieu de distance 
 au moins. 
 
 ART. 87. Al'avemr,pour 
 etablir une hatte, il faudra 
 etre proprietaire au moin 
 de cinquante carreaux de 
 terre garaie des paturages 
 necessaires pour b&tes a 
 cornes, et de vingt cinq 
 carreaux pour pourceaux. 
 
 UPON CATTLE-PENS, 
 
 Establishments and 
 nagement of Cattle- Pens. 
 
 Ma* 
 
 ART. 86. Cattle-pens 
 shall only be established 
 at places, at the least one 
 league distant from plan- 
 tations. 
 
 
 
 ART. 87. Hereafter no 
 one shall establish a pen 
 for horned cattle, who has 
 not at the least 150 acres 
 of pasture land; and for 
 hogs 75 acres. 
 
 ART. 88. Le nombre des ART. 88. The number of 
 
 gardeurs des hattes ne keepers shall not in any 
 
 pourra exceder cinq horn- case exceed five men, in- 
 
 mes y compris le maitre- eluding the head-keeper,
 
 47 
 
 hattier, ayant avec eux 
 leurs femraes et leurs en- 
 fans. 
 
 ART. 89. Tout gardeur 
 de hatte qui trouvera dans 
 les troupaux confies a ses 
 soins, ou dans les sa- 
 vannes de la hatte sur la- 
 quelle il est employe, des 
 animaux etrangers a ceux 
 qu'il garde, sera tenu d'en 
 avertir sur le champ les 
 hattiers voisins, et si ces 
 animaux ne sont pas de 
 leurs hattes, il en sera 
 donne connaissance a 1'Of- 
 ficier de la Police Rurale 
 de la section. 
 
 ART. 90. Apres que les 
 animaux mentionn^s en 
 1'Article ci-dessus, seront 
 reste" trois mois dans la 
 savanne d'une hatte, sans 
 6tre reclam6s par leur pro- 
 prietaire, ils seront con- 
 duits par le hattier au Juge 
 de Paix de la commune, 
 afin de les faire mener aux 
 epaves. 
 
 with their wives and chil- 
 dren*. 
 
 ART. 89. When a keeper 
 finds among the herds en- 
 trusted to him, or in the 
 meadows belonging to the 
 pen in which he is em- 
 ployed, stray - cattle, he 
 shall forthwith give notice 
 thereof to the neighbouring 
 keepers, and if the cattle 
 do not belong to their pens, 
 he shall send notice to the 
 Officer commanding the 
 RuralPolice of the section. 
 
 ART. 90. When the cat- 
 tle mentioned in the pre- 
 cedingArticle have remain- 
 ed three months in a pen, 
 unclaimed, they shall be 
 conducted by the pen- 
 keeper to the Justice ef 
 Peace of the commune, to 
 be placed among the strays. 
 
 * This limitation is doubtless intended to check the natural inclination of 
 the negro population to a life of indolence. This clause is conceived in th 
 same spirit as Article 7.
 
 Anf. 91. Aussitat qu'un 
 animal d'une hatte sera re- 
 connu 6tre attaque d'une 
 raaladie contagieuse, il 
 devra, sous peine d'une 
 amende de dix a vingt 
 gourdes, payable par le 
 battier, etre separ6, et mis 
 hors de toute communica- 
 tion avec les autres bes- 
 tiaux, pour etre traite 
 jusqu'a sa guerison ou sa 
 mort. 
 
 . 
 
 ART. 92. Tout animal 
 mort sur une hatte d'une 
 maladie contagieuse ou 
 epizootique, sera brule ou 
 enterr6. 
 
 ART. 93. II est defendu, 
 sous peine d'une amende 
 de dix a vingt gourdes pay- 
 able par tout contrevenant, 
 de bruler les savannes des 
 hattes sans la permission 
 de 1'Officier de la Police 
 Rurale de la section. 
 
 ART. 94. Lorsqu'il arrivera 
 que des bestiaux mour- 
 ront sur les habitations 
 de maladies ordinaires, ou 
 
 ART. 91. When any ani- 
 mal in a pen shall be found 
 to be attacked by any con- 
 tagious disease, it shall be 
 instantly separated from 
 the other cattle, and taken 
 care of until its recovery 
 or death, under penalty of 
 a fine of not less than ten, 
 nor more than twenty dol- 
 lars, to be paid by the pen- 
 keeper. 
 
 ART. 92. 
 
 
 Every animal 
 which dies in a pen of a 
 contagious or epizootic 
 disease, shall be burnt or 
 buried. 
 
 ART. 93. It is strictly 
 forbidden, under penalty 
 of a fine of not less than 
 ten, nor more than twenty 
 dollars, to burn the savan- 
 nas or meadows of pens 
 without the permission of 
 the Officer commanding the 
 Rural Police. , , 
 
 ART. 94. When cattle 
 upon plantations die from 
 ordinary disease, or acci- 
 dent, in the absence of the 
 

 
 49 
 
 par accident, si le proprie- 
 taire ou fermier, principal 
 de la hatte n'est pas pre- 
 sent, le maitre-hattier sera 
 tenu de faire constater, par 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- 
 rale, ou des voisins, la mort 
 de 1'animal ; la peau, ayant 
 I'etempe ou la marque sera 
 produite au proprietaire ; a 
 defaut de quoi, il sera tenu 
 de remplacer 1'animal. 
 
 ART. 95. Les animaux 
 tant des hattes, que ceux 
 servant a 1'exploitation des 
 habitations, ne pourront 
 tre etemp6s qu'avec des 
 etempes mou!6es, il est 
 defendu de faire, sur ces 
 animaux, des marques a 
 la main. 
 
 proprietor or farmer, the 
 head pen-keeper shall pro- 
 cure a certificate of the 
 death of the animal from 
 the-Ofiicer commanding the 
 Rural Police, or from the 
 neighbours j and the skin, 
 having the stamp or brand, 
 shall be produced to the 
 proprietor; in default of 
 which, the pen-keeper shall 
 replace the animal, 
 
 - .3 i j['~ . ': > < 
 
 ART. 95. Animals be- 
 longing to pens, as well 
 as those used in cultiva- 
 tion upon plant ations, shall 
 be stamped with brand- 
 marks only it is strictly 
 forbidden to make any 
 marks upon them by the 
 hand. 
 
 ftf 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Des Contrats entre Proprie- 
 taires ou Fermiers de 
 Hattes, et ceux qui y sont 
 attaches. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the Engagements to be 
 entered into between the 
 Proprietors or Farmers 
 of Cattle Pens, and those 
 attached to them. 
 
 ART. 96. Les proprie- ART. 96. Proprietors 
 taires ou fermiers de hat- or farmers of cattle pens, 
 tes, ne pourront recevoir shall not receive or employ 
 
 E
 
 sur leurs hattes, aucuns 
 gardiens ou autre gens, 
 qu'au prealable ils n'aient 
 contracte avec eux, con- 
 formement a l'Article47 de 
 la Loi, No. 3. 
 
 ART. 97. Les obligations 
 impose'es reciproquement 
 aux proprietaires ou fer- 
 miers ruraux, ainsi qu'a 
 ceux qui cultivent, seront 
 communes aux proprie- 
 taires ou fermiers de hat- 
 tes et leurs employes en 
 tout ce que concernera le 
 bon ordre et la police ge- 
 nerale. 
 
 ART. 98. Nepourrontles 
 maitres hattiers, ou les au- 
 tres hattiers recevoir sur 
 les hattes ou ils seront em- 
 ployed, pour autrui des 
 animaux ou bestiaux, sans 
 le consentement du pro- 
 prietaire ou fermier de la 
 hatte. 
 
 ART. 99. Ne pourra le 
 maitre hattier ni les au- 
 tres hattiers, deplacer ou 
 vendre aucun animal de 
 la hatte, sana avoir, par 
 
 upon their pens, any keep- 
 ers, or other persons, who 
 have not previously bound 
 themselves, as directed by 
 Article 47, of Law 3. 
 
 ART. 97. The duties 
 reciprocally imposed upon 
 proprietors and farmers, 
 and those who labour, shall 
 also extend to proprietors 
 or farmers of cattle pens, 
 and those employed by 
 them, so far as the same 
 relate to order and general 
 police. 
 
 ART. 98. Keepers of 
 cattle pens shall not be 
 permitted to receive upon 
 their master's pen, any 
 cattle or beasts, without 
 permission of the proprie- 
 tor or farmer of the pen. 
 
 ART. 99. The pen-keeper 
 shall not remove or sell 
 any animal belonging to 
 the pen, unless he produce 
 the permission of the pro-
 
 ecrit I'agrement de pro- 
 prietaire ou fermier, et 
 sans un permis, sur papier 
 timbre", de 1'Officer de la 
 Police Rurale de la sec- 
 tion, qui sera tenu d'enre- 
 gistrer le permis avec 1'e- 
 tempe des animaux. 
 
 prietor or farmer in writ- 
 ing; and a permit upon 
 stamped paper from the 
 Officer commanding the 
 Rural Police of the sec- 
 tion, who shall register the 
 permit and the brand of 
 the animal. 
 
 No. 5. LOI. 
 
 Sur la garde et la conduite 
 des Animaux, et sur les 
 Degats qu'ils commettent 
 dans les Champs. 
 
 ART. 100. Les bestiaux 
 des cultivateurs, seront 
 gardes en troupaux avec 
 ceux du proprietaire, et 
 les gardiens seront payes 
 de leur salaire, moitie par 
 le proprietaire, et moitie 
 par les agriculteurs. 
 
 ART. 101. II est de- 
 fendre de mutiler, estro- 
 pier, ou tuer les b6tes de 
 charge ou les b6tes a cor- 
 nes, que Ton pourrait trou- 
 ver dans les champs cul- 
 tives ou jardins, pour en 
 avoir franehi ou force les 
 clotures. 
 
 LAW. No. 5. 
 
 Upon the care and keeping 
 of Animals, and upon the 
 Damage they may do in 
 the Fields. 
 
 An*. 100. Cattle belong- 
 ing to labourers, shall be 
 kept itt herds along with 
 those of the proprietor, 
 and the keepers shall be 
 paid their salaries, half by 
 the proprietor, and half by 
 the labourers. 
 
 ART. 101. It is forbidden 
 to kill or maim beasts of 
 burden, or horned cattle, 
 found trespassing upon 
 cultivated land, or in gar- 
 dens.
 
 ART. 102. Tl est egale- 
 mcnt defendre de blesser 
 ou de tuer les moutons 
 qui se seront introduits 
 dans les jardins en culture 
 et cldtures. 
 
 ART. 102. It is likewise 
 forbidden to kill or maim 
 sheep found trespassing 
 in fenced gardens, or en- 
 closures. 
 
 ART. 103. II est permis ART. 103. Pigs and goats 
 
 de tuer les cochous et ca- found trespassing in fenced 
 
 bris trouves dans les jar- gardens or enclosures, may 
 
 dins oultives et c!6tures. be killed. 
 
 ART. 104. Les bestiaux 
 mentiones aux Articles 101 
 et 102, du present chapitre 
 qui seront trouv6s dans 
 des jardins en culture se- 
 ront conduit vingt-quatre 
 heures apres leur arresta- 
 tion au Juge de Paix pour 
 les envoyer aux 6paves de 
 la commune si avan ce 
 delai, le proprietaire des 
 animaux arretes, ne les fait 
 retirer du pare de 1'habita- 
 tion, dans les jardins de 
 laquelle ils auraient 6t6 
 arretes. 
 - 
 
 ART. 105. L'Officier de 
 la Police Rurale de la sec- 
 tion seratenu de constater 
 par proces-verbal dans les 
 vingt-quatre heures de la 
 
 ART. 104. The animals 
 enumerated in Articles 101 
 and 102, which may be 
 found in cultivated gar- 
 dens, shall be conducted 
 24hours afterwards, before 
 a Justice of Peace, to be 
 sent to the pound, unless 
 within that time the owner 
 of them withdraw them 
 from the pen belonging to 
 the plantation upon which 
 they may be found. 
 
 ART. 105. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural 
 Police shall,within twenty- 
 four hours after complaint 
 made by the parties in-
 
 53 
 
 declaration des parties in- jured, draw up in writing, 
 teresse"es, les degats com- a statement of the damage 
 
 mis par les animaux, et 
 d'envoyerproces-verbal au 
 Juge de Paix, si 1'indem- 
 nite du degat n'est pas vo- 
 lontairement payee au pro- 
 prietaire du jardin ravage. 
 
 ART. 106. L'Officier dela 
 Police Rurale aura soin 
 d'adresser au Juge de 
 Paix de la commune, le 
 proems verbal en bonne 
 forme mentionn6 enl'Arti- 
 cle 105, pour 6tre par le 
 dit Juge de Paix, statue 
 ce que de-droit. 
 
 ART. 107. Le gardeurs 
 qui auront Iaiss6 echapper 
 les animaux mcntionnes 
 en 1'Article 27, confies a 
 leur garde, seront tenus 
 de payer la prise des dits 
 animaux d'apres le tarif 
 etabli par la loi. 
 
 ART. 108. II est expres- 
 sement dependu aux pro- 
 prietaires, fermier, ou ge- 
 rans des habitations de 
 se servir aucunement des 
 bestiaux arretesdansleurs 
 
 done by the animals, and 
 send it to the Justice of 
 Peace, unless compensa- 
 tion be voluntarily made 
 to the owner of the gar- 
 den. 
 
 ART. 106. The Officer of 
 Rural Police shall take 
 care that he send the writ- 
 ten statement to the Jus- 
 tice of Peace, duly certi- 
 fied, that the said Justice 
 may be able to decide ac- 
 cording to law. 
 
 ART. 107. The keepers 
 who may have suffered the 
 animals mentioned in Ar- 
 ticle 27, to escape, shall 
 pay the expences attend- 
 ing their recapture, ac- 
 cording to the tarif esta- 
 blished by law. 
 
 ART. 108. Proprietors, 
 farmers, or overseers upon 
 plantations, are expressly 
 forbidden to work, or use 
 in any manner, the animals 
 found in their gardens,
 
 jardins, pendant le temps 
 qu'ils resteront dans leur 
 pares, avant d'etre envoye 
 aux 6paves ; toute con- 
 travention a cet egard sera 
 punie d'unc amende de 
 cinq a quinze gourdes. 
 
 ART. 109. La prise des 
 ariimaux mentionnee aux 
 Articles 101 et 102, de la 
 prcsente loi, dans les jar- 
 dins, lorsque ces animaux 
 auront etc conduits jusqu'- 
 aux 6paves de la com- 
 mune sera payee comme 
 suit: chaque bte cavaline, 
 une gourde, chaque asine, 
 soixante quinze centimes, 
 chaque b&te a comes, une 
 gourde cinquant centimes; 
 chaque belier ou brebis 
 vingt- cinque centimes, 
 dont la moiti6 appartien- 
 dra au capteur, et 1'autre 
 moitie aux gardes champe- 
 tres. 
 
 .'{ .<. .-:. .V*A 
 ART. 110. Lorsque les 
 animaux arrctes dans les 
 jardins, auront cte retir6s 
 du pare de 1'habitation 
 avant d'6tre envoyes aux 
 
 during the time they may 
 remain in their pens be- 
 fore they are sent to the 
 pound; any infringement 
 of this article shall be pu- 
 nished by a fine of not less 
 than five, nor more than 
 fifteen dollars. 
 
 ART. 109. The capture of 
 the animals enumerated in 
 Articles 101 and 102, taken 
 in gardens, and conducted 
 to the pound, shall be paid 
 for as follows: for each 
 horse or mule, one dollar; 
 for each ass, seventy-five 
 cents; for each head of 
 horned cattle, one and a 
 half dollars ; and for each 
 sheep, twenty-five cents : 
 one half to belong to the 
 person taking them, and 
 one half to the guards. 
 
 ART. 110. When animals 
 taken in gardens, are with- 
 drawn from the pen be- 
 fore they are sent to the 
 pound, the owner shall
 
 55 
 
 epaves, alors ou payera 
 qu'aux capteurs seul, pour 
 leur prise, la moitie de la 
 taxe etablie en 1'Article 
 precedent. 
 
 ART. 111. Si un animal 
 arret6 dans un jardin, et 
 conduit au pare de 1'habi- 
 tation, vient a mourir par 
 accident ou autrement, 
 pendant le peu de temps 
 qu'il doit y rester, ou si 
 1' animal mourait dans le 
 trajet de 1'habitation a la 
 demeure du Juge de Faix 
 de la commune, 1'Officier 
 de la Police devra faire 
 constater, par temoins, les 
 causes de lamortde 1'ani- 
 mal. 
 
 ART. 112. Dans le cas 
 ou la mort de 1'animal au- 
 rait 6t6 provoqu6e par neg- 
 ligence, par defaut de nour- 
 riture, ou par violences, 
 le proprietaire, fermier, ou 
 gerant de 1'habitation, de- 
 vra rembourser la valeur 
 de Familial a dire d'arbi- 
 tres Homines par le Juge 
 de Paix de la commune. 
 Le montant ainsipaye sera 
 
 pay half the above fines to 
 the person who takes them, 
 only. 
 
 '-.,. . . - 
 
 ART. 111. When an ani- 
 mal taken in a garden, and 
 sent to the pen, happens to 
 die by accident, or other- 
 wise, during the short time 
 he remains there, or while 
 it is being conducted to 
 the residence of the Jus- 
 tice of Peace belonging ta 
 the commune, the Officer 
 commanding the Police 
 shall call for witnesses, to 
 prove the cause of the 
 death of the animal. 
 
 ART. 112. When the 
 death of the animal shall 
 prove to have been occa- 
 sioned by negligence, want 
 of food, or violence, the 
 proprietor, farmer, or over- 
 seer of the plantation, shall 
 pay for it according to its 
 value, to be estimated by 
 arbitrators named by the 
 Justice. The amount thus 
 paid, shall be remitted to
 
 56 
 
 adresso en place de 1'ani- 
 mal, au ministere public 
 du ressort pour etre remis 
 au proprietaire, s'il se pre- 
 sente, ou vers6 a la caisse. 
 Dans tous les cas, les de- 
 gats comrais par 1'animal 
 seront payes sur ce pro- 
 duit. 
 
 ART. 113. Lorsque les 
 animaux arr^tes dans les 
 jardins, en vertu de 1'Ar- 
 ticle 104, seront conduits 
 chez le Juge de Paix de la 
 commune, pour etre en- 
 voyes aux paves, si le 
 proprietaire consentait a 
 payer les degats commis 
 par 1'animal, ainsi que les 
 frais de prise, avant 1'en- 
 lree aux 6paves, le Juge 
 de Paix devra y acqui- 
 escer. 
 
 ART. 114. Ceuxquicon- 
 duisent les troupeaux de 
 bestiaux d'une commune a 
 une autre, soit pour le com- 
 merce, soit pour 1'agri- 
 culture, seront tenus de se 
 munir de permis, mention- 
 nant la nature et la quan- 
 tit6 d'animaux qu'ils me- 
 
 the administration of the 
 district, to be paid to the 
 owner of the animal,should 
 he appear, or to be paid 
 into the treasury. In all 
 cases, the damage done 
 by the animal shall be paid 
 for out of this money. 
 
 ART. 113. When ani- 
 mals taken in gardens, by 
 virtue of Article 104, are 
 conducted to the Justice 
 of Peace of the commune, 
 to be sent to the pound, if 
 the owner consent to pay 
 for the damage done, and 
 the expences of capture, 
 before the beast be sent to 
 the pound, the Justice of 
 Peace shall consent. 
 
 ART. 114. Persons con- 
 ducting herds of cattle 
 from one commune to an- 
 other, whether for sale, or 
 for agricultural purposes, 
 shall provide themselves 
 with a permit, setting forth 
 the kind and number of the 
 animals they are conduct-
 
 57 
 
 nent, leurs signaleinens et ing, their description and 
 etempes. brands. &?'* 
 
 ART. 115. These per- 
 mits shall be delivered by 
 the Commandants of com- 
 munes, or countersigned 
 by them, upon permits 
 given by the owners, or 
 upon certificates furnished 
 by the Officer commanding 
 the Rural Police of the 
 sections from whence the 
 animals come. These per- 
 mits must be registered by 
 those who give them, and 
 countersigned by the Com- 
 mandants of the communes 
 through which the herds 
 may pass. 
 
 ART. 116. The drivers 
 of herds, who may be met 
 by the police or gend'ar- 
 merie, shall, upon demand, 
 shew their permits; and 
 where the number of 
 beasts, or their description, 
 shall not be found to agree 
 with the enumeration in the 
 permit, they may, should 
 
 ART. 115. Les permis 
 seront delivrds par les 
 Commandans des com- 
 munes, ou vis6s par eux 
 surles permis des proprie- 
 taires,ou sur les certificats 
 des Officiers de la Police 
 Rurale des sections d'ou 
 seront sortis les animaux. 
 Les perrais seront enre- 
 gistr^s par ceux qui les 
 delivreront, et vise's par 
 les Commandans de toutes 
 les communes ou passer- 
 ont les troupeaux. 
 
 ART. 116. Les con- 
 ducteurs* de troupeaux 
 qui seront rencontres par 
 la police rurale ou la gen- 
 darmerie, seront tenus sur 
 la demande qui leur sera 
 faite, d'exhiber leur per- 
 mis; et dans le cas ou 
 le nombre des animaux et 
 leur signalemens ne se- 
 
 * This expression is likewise applied to the head-man of a gang of 
 labourers.
 
 raient pas, d'accord avec 
 Fenonce, . du perrais Us 
 pourront, s'il y a des causes 
 de suspicion contr'eux, e" tre 
 arre tes et conduits au poste 
 le plus voisin, avec les ani- 
 maux, pour-etre men6s 
 pardevant le Juge de Paix 
 de la commune. 
 
 inuisr/J :J@ffa 
 
 ART. 117. Si les per- 
 sonnes menees pardevant 
 le Juge de Paix ne prou- 
 vent par leur droit de pro- 
 priete sur les animaux 
 pour lesquels il n'y au- 
 rait pas de permis,si elles 
 ne donnent pas de caution 
 valable pour rapporter 
 dans le delai qui leur sera 
 accordc, et qui ne pourra 
 exccder la quinzaine, la 
 preuve de ce droit de pro- 
 pri6t6, elles seront en- 
 voyees a la maison d'arret 
 et les animaux arretes se- 
 ront conduits aux epaves. 
 
 ART. 118. Dans le mois 
 a dater du jour de 1'arresta- 
 tion, le Juge de Paix sera 
 tenu d'ecrire au Juge de 
 Paix de la commune d'ou 
 serait sortie cettc per- 
 
 cause of suspicion exist, 
 be taken up, and conducted 
 to the nearest post, with 
 the animals in their pos- 
 session, to be taken before 
 the Justice of Peace of 
 the commune. 
 
 ART. 117. If the parties 
 taken before the Justice, 
 cannot prove their right of 
 property in those animals 
 not included in the per- 
 mit, and if they cannot 
 give good and sufficient se- 
 curity for their re-appear- 
 ance with such proof, 
 within the time to be al- 
 lowed them, not exceed- 
 ing fifteen days, they shall 
 be committed to prison, 
 and the animals sent to 
 the pound. 
 
 ART. 118. Within one 
 month from the day of the 
 arrest, the Justice shall 
 write to the Justice of the 
 commune from which the 
 party committed s may
 
 59 
 
 sonne, ou a 1'Officier de la 
 Police Rurale de la sec- 
 tion (si c'est dans la meme 
 commune) afin d'avoir des 
 renseignemens, tant sur la 
 personne, que sur les ani- 
 mauxarretes, lesqucls ren- 
 seignemens seront addres- 
 ses, a leur reception, an 
 MinistrePublic avec le pro- 
 ces verbal de la Justice de 
 Paix, et feront pieces au 
 dossier a charge contre le 
 prevenu, s'il y a lieu a le 
 poursuivre. 
 
 come, or to the Officef 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice of the section to which 
 he belongs, if within the 
 same commune, to make 
 enquiries about the per- 
 son committed, and the 
 animals stopped : upon re- 
 ceipt of this information, 
 it shall be forwarded to 
 the Public Minister, toge- 
 ther with a written state- 
 ment from the Justice, as 
 the grounds of ulterior 
 proceedings against the 
 party detained, should suf- 
 ficient cause appear for 
 such proceedings. 
 
 No. 6. LOl. 
 
 SUR LA POLICE RURALE. 
 
 TITRE PREMIER. 
 Dispositions Generates. 
 
 ART. 119. La Police 
 Rurale embrasse tout ce 
 qui tient a Fadministra- 
 tion et a la prosperite des 
 proprietes rurales. 
 
 LAW. No. 6. 
 
 RURAL POLICE. 
 
 FIRST HEAD. 
 General Enactments. 
 
 ART. 119. Rural Po- 
 lice embraces every thing 
 that concerns the admi- 
 nistration and prosperity 
 of rural properties. 
 
 ART. 120. La Police ART. 120. Rural Police
 
 GO 
 
 Rurale se i'ait sous 1'in- 
 spection des Commandans 
 d'arrondisseinent et des 
 Commandans des com- 
 munes; par des Officiers 
 de Police Rurale plac6s 
 dans les sections de cha- 
 que commune, par les gar- 
 des champetres, par la 
 gendarmerie, et, au besoin 
 par des detachemens de 
 troupes de ligne. 
 
 ART. 121. Les Juges 
 de Paix exercent aussi la 
 Police Rurale dans les cas 
 prevus par le loi. 
 
 ART. 122. Les Conseils 
 des Notables des com- 
 munes, etles Conseils d'A- 
 griculture assistent, au be- 
 soin toutes les autorites, 
 pourlemaintien parfait de 
 la surveillance de la Police 
 Agricole. 
 
 shall be carried into effect 
 under the inspection of 
 Commandants of districts 
 and Commandants of com- 
 munes; by Officers com- 
 manding the Rural Police, 
 to be stationed in sec- 
 tions of each commune, by 
 guards, by gendarmerie, 
 and, in cases of necessity, 
 by detachments of troops 
 of the line. 
 
 ART. 121. Justices of 
 Peace have also authority 
 to exercise Rural Police 
 in the cases provided by 
 law. 
 
 ART. 122. The Coun- 
 cils of Notables, and the 
 Councils of Agriculture, 
 assist the authorities, in 
 cases of necessity, to se- 
 cure perfect superintend- 
 ance and inspection by the 
 Agricultural Police.
 
 61 
 
 TITRE SECOND. 
 
 DE LA SURVEILLANCE. 
 
 SECOND HEAD. 
 
 OF THE INSPECTION. 
 
 CHAP. PREMIER. 
 
 De la Haute Inspection des 
 Commandans d 'A rron- 
 dissement, 
 
 ART. 123. Le Com- 
 mandant d'arrondissement 
 militaire ayantl'inspection 
 generale sur les cultures 
 de 1'arrondisseinent qui 
 lui est confie, il reunit toute 
 1'autorite necessaire pour 
 la mise en activity de la 
 culture j il est responsable, 
 
 1. De 1'etat de deperis- 
 sement des cultures dans 
 1'etendu de son comman- 
 dement. 
 
 2. Del'executiondutout 
 ou partie du Code d'Agri- 
 culture dans 1'etendu de 
 son arrondissement. 
 
 3. De la negligence des 
 Commandans des com- 
 munes sous ses ordres, re- 
 lativement a la surveil- 
 lance sur Fagriculture dans 
 la commune qui leur est 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of the Supreme Inspection 
 of Commanders of Dis- 
 tricts. 
 
 ART. 123. The Com- 
 mandant of each military 
 district, having the general 
 inspection of the cultiva- 
 tion of the district entrust- 
 ed to him, unites in his own 
 person, all the authority 
 necessary for enforcing 
 agriculture ; he is respon- 
 sible, 
 
 1. For the decay of agri- 
 culture in his district. 
 
 2. For the due execu- 
 tion of all, or part of the 
 Code of Agriculture with- 
 in his district. 
 
 3. For the neglect of 
 Commandants of com- 
 munes under his com- 
 mand, to inspect and su- 
 perintend agriculture with- 
 in their respective com-
 
 62 
 
 confi6e, lorsqu'il n'aura munes, when he has not 
 pas reprime cette negli- prevented such neglect, 
 gence. 
 
 ART. 124. Le Com- 
 mandant de 1'arrondisse- 
 ment est oblige de faire 
 une fois chaque ann6e dans 
 toutes les sections rurales 
 des differentes communes 
 composant 1'arrondisse- 
 ment, afin de s'assurer par 
 lui memo de 1'execution 
 des lois, des progres, et de 
 la situation des travaux, 
 et en faire le rapport de- 
 taill au President d'Haiti*. 
 
 ART. 125. Le rapport 
 que doit faire le Com- 
 mandant d'arrondissement, 
 chaque annee au Presi- 
 dent d'Haiti, fera mention 
 de la quantitc d'habita- 
 tions de chaque section, 
 qui sont entretenues, de 
 leur genre de culture, de 
 leur amelioration, ou de 
 leur deperissement, et en?- 
 
 ART. 124. ^The Com- 
 mandant of each district 
 shall inspect once in each 
 year, each rural section in 
 the several communes com- 
 posing his district,, and in- 
 form himself personally, of 
 the due execution of the 
 laws, and of the progress 
 and state of labour; and 
 make a detailed report of 
 these matters to the Pre- 
 sident of Haiti. 
 
 ART. 125. The yearly 
 report which the Com- 
 mandant of each district 
 is required to make to the 
 President of Haiti, shall 
 state the number of plan- 
 tations kept up in each 
 section, the nature of their 
 produce, an account of 
 their improvement or fal- 
 ling off, and lastly, the 
 
 * Some word appears to be omitted here. I have been careful to copy 
 the Rural Code verbatim from tbe printed copy, retaining even all its faults 
 of Frenclh
 
 fin, de 1'etat des routes et state of the public and 
 chemins publics et parti- private roads*, 
 culiers. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 De I'lnspection des Com- 
 mandans de Place et 
 Commune. 
 
 ART. 126. Le Com- 
 mandant de-place ou de 
 commune a Finspection 
 principale des culture de 
 la commune qui lui est 
 confiee ; s'il a sous ses or- 
 dres des cantons ou pa- 
 roises eriges en postes mi- 
 litaires, les Commandans 
 de ces postes ont 1'inspec- 
 tion particuliere de la 
 culture dans 1'etendu du 
 territoire qui forme leur 
 coinmandement. 
 
 ART. 127. Le Com- 
 mandant de la commune 
 est responsable des de- 
 croissemens dans 1'etendu 
 de son commandement, 
 lorsque le fait jproviendra 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the Inspection of Com- 
 mandants of Places and 
 Communes. 
 
 ART. 126. The Com- 
 mandant of the place or 
 commune, has the chief 
 inspection of the cultiva- 
 tion of the commune j if he 
 have within his command, 
 cantons or parishes erected 
 into military posts, the 
 Commandants of such 
 posts have the inspection 
 of the cultivation of the 
 territory under their com- 
 mand. 
 
 ART. 127. The Com- 
 mandant of the commune 
 is responsible for the de- 
 terioration of the com- 
 mune within his command, 
 when it arises from negli- 
 
 * See also Article 14.
 
 64 
 
 de la negligence de quel- gence in any part of the 
 que parties du service. service. 
 
 ART. 128. Le Com- 
 mandant de place ou de 
 commune, est oblige de 
 faire trois fois chaque an- 
 n6e la tournee des diffe- 
 rentes sections dans 1'e- 
 tendu du son commande- 
 ment. 
 
 ART. 129. Le Com- 
 mandant de la commune, 
 dans ses tournees, visitera 
 les jardins de denrees, de 
 vivres, les clotures, les 
 nouvelles plantations ; il 
 entrera dans tous les de- 
 tails prevus par le Code 
 Rurale; en s'assurant si 
 1'Officier de la Police Ru- 
 rale de la section a satis- 
 fait a tous le devoirs qui 
 lui sont imposes par la loi. 
 II reprimera les negli- 
 gences, les irregularites 
 qu'il reconnaitra et de tout 
 il sera dresse proces-ver- 
 bal dans la forme prescrite 
 pour chaque section, le 
 double en sera addresse au 
 Commandant d'arrondisse- 
 ment. 
 
 ART. 128. The Com- 
 mandant of the place or 
 commune, shall go the 
 round of the different sec- 
 tions within his command, 
 three times in every year. 
 
 ART. 129. The Com- 
 mandant of the commune, 
 in his rounds, shall visit 
 the fields, provision - 
 grounds, enclosures and 
 new plantations. He shall 
 examine into all the de- 
 tails set forth in the Rural 
 Code; he shall enquire 
 whether the Officer com- 
 manding the Rural Police 
 has duly performed all the 
 duties imposed upon him 
 by law. He shall repress 
 all negligences and irregu- 
 larities, and shall draw up 
 a report of the whole in the 
 form prescribed for each 
 section, a copy of which 
 shall be forwarded to the 
 Commandant of the dis- 
 trict.
 
 65 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Des Sections Ramies, des 
 Officiers de la Police Ru- 
 rale, des Gardes Cham- 
 petres, des Gerans et Con- 
 
 ducteurs d" Habitations. 
 */a taai/rs crfj t &io}en(j 
 
 SECT. PREMIERE. 
 Des Sections Rurales. 
 
 ART. 130. Les com- 
 munes seront, par un re- 
 glementparticulier du Pre- 
 sident d'Haiti, pour cha- 
 que arrondissement mili- 
 taire, divisees en sections 
 agricoles, dans la plaine 
 de quatre lieues environ; 
 et dans les mornes, sui- 
 vant la nature du terrain. 
 Ha/roo'J sifT Mt .T^A 
 j^ifliirt Hnrf* *oidsJott 'io 
 
 ART. 131. Chaque sec- 
 tion sera designee par un 
 nom qui lui sera propre ; 
 ses limites et aboruemens 
 seront determines. 
 3?U i' t!a omifmor> 
 
 ART. 132. Aussitot apres 
 la formation des sections 
 il sera dresse par le Com- 
 mandant de la commune, 
 le Conseil des Notables, 
 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of Rural Sections, Officers 
 commanding the Rural 
 Police, Guards, and of 
 Overseers and Drivers 
 upon Plantations. 
 
 R&I) 
 
 . .rhriahqotq 
 SECT. 1. 
 
 Of Rural Sections. , j< 
 
 ART. 130. The com- 
 munes shall, by an ordi- 
 nance for that purpose, to 
 be made by the President 
 of Haiti for each district, 
 be divided into agricultu- 
 ral sections, of about four 
 leagues extent in the plains; 
 and according to the na- 
 ture of the ground in the 
 mountains. 
 
 ART. 131. Each section 
 shall be named, and its 
 limits and boundaries fix- 
 ed. 
 
 -tH/3 ir.o jniuiuo'l r.i -,. 
 -3Prbn0v tflf.bnaai* 
 
 ART. 132. As soon as 
 the sections are formed, 
 the Commandant of the 
 commune, assisted by the 
 Council of Notables, and 
 
 F
 
 66 
 
 et un des arpenteurs parti- 
 culiers, en triple, sur des 
 cahiers cot6s par le Juge 
 de Paix, le role de toutes 
 les propri6tes rurales qui 
 se trouverout situees dans 
 chaque section, avec de- 
 signation des noms des 
 proprietaires, de la conte- 
 nance de chaque propriete 
 et du genre de culture qui 
 s'y fait.- Un des cahiers 
 seradepos6 au bureau du 
 Commandant de la com- 
 mune, un au Conseil des 
 Notables, et 1'autre es 
 mains de 1'Officier de la 
 Police Rurale de la sec- 
 tion. 
 
 ART. 183. Le Conseil des 
 Notables fournira au Juge 
 de Paix de la commune 
 une copie collationnee du 
 cabicr depos6 en son greffe. 
 Le Commandant de la com- 
 mune fournira au Com- 
 mandant de Farrondisse- 
 ment une Copie du meme 
 cahier depose en son bu- 
 reau . LeCommandant d'ar- 
 rondissenient, apres avoir 
 reuni les roles des pro- 
 
 one of the private survey- 
 ors, shall draw up, upon 
 schedules prepared by the 
 Justice of Peace, triple 
 rolls of all plantations si- 
 tuated in each section, 
 with the names of the pro- 
 prietors, the extent of 
 each property, and the 
 kind of tillage carried on 
 upon each plantation. One 
 of these rolls shall be de- 
 posited in the office of the 
 Commandant of the com- 
 mune, one with the Coun- 
 cil of Notables, and the 
 third in the hands of the 
 Officer commanding the 
 Rural Police of the sec- 
 tion. 
 
 '.fii.'. 
 
 ART. 133. The Council 
 of Notables shall furnish 
 the Justice of Peace of the 
 commune with an exa- 
 mined copy of the schedule 
 deposited in their office. 
 The Commandant of the 
 commune shall furnish the 
 Commandant of the dis- 
 trict with a similar copy of 
 the schedule deposited in 
 his office. The Comman- 
 dant of the district, after
 
 
 67 
 
 prie*tes de toutes les sec- 
 tions des communes com- 
 posaut I'arrondissement 
 sous ses ordres, en formera 
 un cahier dont il addres- 
 sera une copie certifie au 
 President d' Haiti, 
 
 ART. 134. A cfcaque mu- 
 tation de propriete d'un 
 bien. rural situe dans une 
 section, a chaqae change- 
 mout de culture, 1'Officier 
 de la Police Rurale en 
 donnera avis au Com- 
 mandant de la commune, 
 quo en fera mention sur le 
 r61o depose en son bureau 
 et en transmettra 1'avis au 
 Commandant de 1'arron- 
 dissement, qui, lui mme, 
 apres avoir fait inscrire le 
 changement a la copie du 
 role dont il est depositaire 
 en informera le Gouverne- 
 ment, 
 
 ART. 135. Le Conseil 
 d'Agriculture de la section, 
 donnera au Conseil des 
 Notable de la commune, 
 
 having collected the rolls 
 of plantations of all the 
 sections of each commune 
 forming his district, shall 
 draw up a schedule of the 
 whole, a copy of which he 
 shall forward to the Presi- 
 dent of Haiti. 
 
 ART. 134. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice shall give notice to the 
 Commandant of the com- 
 mune, of each transfer of 
 a rural property situated 
 within the section, and of 
 each change in the mode 
 of cultivation adopted. 
 The Commandant of the 
 commune shall note such 
 transfer or change of culti- 
 vation upon the roll depo- 
 sited in his office, and shall 
 give notice of the same to 
 the Commandant of the 
 district, who shall likewise 
 note the same upon the 
 roll in his hands, and in- 
 form the Government of it 
 
 >" ':r??. r rir?nw> 
 
 ART. 135. The Council 
 
 of Agriculture of the sec- 
 tion, shall give the notice 
 mentioned in the preceding 
 
 F2
 
 68 
 
 1'avis mentionne en 1'Arti- 
 cle precedent; et le Con- 
 seil des Notables, apres en 
 avoir pris note, endonnera 
 connoissance au Juge de 
 Paix, que fera inscrire la 
 mutation sur la copie du 
 role deposed en son greffe. 
 
 ART. 136. Chaque ann6e, 
 du premier au quinze Fe- 
 vrier, les Officiers de la Po- 
 lice Rurale de chaque sec- 
 tion, recevront, des agens 
 de Fadministration des 
 finances de leur commune, 
 un nombre determin6 des 
 etats de population en 
 blanc, et timbres, qu'ils 
 seront tenus de fournir au 
 proprietaire, fermier,ou ge- 
 rant, de chaque habitation 
 de la section, avant le fin 
 du m6me mois, enrecevant 
 le prix du timbre qu'ils 
 verseront a 1'agent de 1'ad- 
 ministration des finances; 
 cette repartition se fera 
 coinme suit: aux proprie- 
 taires des biens contenant 
 jusqu'a dix carreaux de 
 terre, 1'etat de population 
 sera du timbre de douze 
 
 Article to the Council of 
 Notables of commune; and 
 the Council of Notables, 
 after having noted it, shall 
 inform the Justice of Peace, 
 who shall cause the same 
 to be inscribed upon the 
 copy of the roll deposited 
 
 in his office. 
 . -imr &apF&3 A-'.lfSI .TaA 
 
 ART. 136. Every year, 
 between the first and fif- 
 teenth of February, the 
 Officers commanding the 
 Rural Police of each sec- 
 tion, shall receive from the 
 agents for taxes of their 
 commune, a certain num- 
 ber of stamped schedules 
 of population in blank; 
 which they shall furnish to 
 the proprietor, farmer, or 
 overseer of each plantation 
 of the section, before the 
 end of the same month ; 
 receiving from them the 
 value of the stamp, which 
 the officer shall pay over 
 to the agent for taxes. 
 This stamp duty shall be 
 as follows: the stamped 
 schedule of population for 
 an estate containing thirty 
 acres of land, shall be
 
 centimes et demi; a ceux 
 d'ouze jusqu'a vingt car- 
 re aux vingt cinq centimes; 
 a ceuJt contenant depuis 
 vingt et un carreaux et au- 
 dessus, cinquante centimes. 
 t*irt vsat fhiftw "-fegrtafuq 
 ART. 337. Les proprie- 
 taires, fermiers, ou gerans 
 d'habitations, seront tenus 
 de remettre 1'etat de po- 
 pulation rempli de la ma- 
 niere qui leur sera indi- 
 quee, a 1'Officier de la Po- 
 lice Rurale, au plus tard, 
 le vingt mars suivant, sons 
 peine d'une amende qui ne 
 sera pas moindre de quinze 
 ni qui n'excedera pas cin- 
 quante gourdes par chaque 
 dclinquant. 
 
 jhsft : <U-^.'ioiJfJat -s4 
 
 ART. 138. L'Officier de 
 la Police Rurale de chaque 
 section sera tenu de faire 
 remise au Conseil des No- 
 tables de chaque commune, 
 des etats de population de 
 sa section, ou de signaler 
 les delinquans, le cinq 
 Avril, ou plus tard, sous 
 peine d'etre passible, lui 
 m6me, de 1'amende deter- 
 mine enrArticle precedent. 
 
 twelve and a half cents; for 
 thirty-three to sixty acres, 
 twenty-five cents ; for sixty- 
 three acres and upwards, 
 fifty cents. 
 
 $tf R;. ? - I 
 
 taimiA-y 
 
 ART. 137. The proprie- 
 tors, farmers, or overseers 
 of plantations, shall return 
 the schedule of popula- 
 tion, filled up in the man- 
 ner pointed out, to the 
 Officer commanding the 
 Rural Police, at the latest 
 on the 20th of March fol- 
 lowing, under penalty of a 
 fine of not less than fifteen, 
 nor more than fifty dollars. 
 
 4*9ttM|jJ 
 
 ART. 138. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice of each section shall, 
 on the 5th of April at the 
 latest, return all the sche- 
 dules of population of his 
 section, or the names of 
 the defaulters, to the Coun- 
 cil of Notables of each 
 commune, under penalty of 
 the fine imposed by the 
 preceding Article.
 
 ART. 139. Chaque atmee, 
 au premier Mai, les Con>- 
 seils des Notables de 
 chaque commune addres- 
 seront au Gouvernement 
 les originaux des etats de 
 population qu'ils auront 
 recus, en vertu de 1'Article 
 jprecedent. 
 
 ART. 139. On the first of 
 May in every yeat, the 
 Council of Notables of 
 each commune, shall for- 
 ward to Government the 
 original schedules of po- 
 pulation which they may 
 iiave received, in virtue of 
 the preceding Article. 
 
 SECT. 2. 
 
 , 
 
 Des Officiers de la Police 
 Rwrale, et des Gardes 
 Champ&tres. 
 
 ART. 140. Dans chaque 
 sectionrurale, il sera place, 
 par le choix du President 
 d'Haiiti un officier mili- 
 taire de grade subalterne 
 (depuis sous lieutenant 
 jnsqu'a capitaine), lequel 
 officier sera charge de la 
 surveillance de la section, 
 et la police y relative. 
 
 ART, 141. LesOfficiers 
 de la Police Rurale des 
 diflerentes sections, seront 
 independans, les uns des 
 autres et n'auront de rap- 
 port qu'-avec.le Comman- 
 dant de la commune, -et 
 
 SECT. 2. 
 
 . 
 
 Of the Officers commanding 
 
 the Rural Police, said of 
 the Guards. 
 
 ART. 140. A military 
 officer of subaltern rank 
 (from sub-lieutenant to 
 captain) to be named fry 
 the President of Haiti, 
 shall be stationed in each 
 rural section: this officer 
 shall be charged with the 
 superintendance of the sec- 
 tion, and with its police. 
 
 ART. 141. The Officers 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice of the different sec- 
 tions, shall be independ- 
 ent of eah<^ther, and shaH 
 report only to the Com- 
 juandant of the commune,
 
 71 
 
 celui de I'arrondissement and the Commandant of 
 sous les ordres desquels the district under whose 
 ils sont places ; il corrcs- 
 pondront en outre avec les 
 auto rites civiles, et d6fe- 
 ront a leurs requisitions. 
 
 orders they are placed; 
 they shall also correspond 
 with the civil authorities, 
 and attend to their requi- 
 sitions. 
 
 ART. 142. La residence 
 de 1'Officier de la Police 
 Rurale, sera fix^e au cen- 
 tre de la section dont il 
 est charge", et sur le che- 
 min public qui la traverse. 
 
 ART. 143. L'Officier de 
 la Police Rurale, est spe- 
 cialement charge de faire 
 prospered la culture dans 
 la section qui lui est con- 
 fide, d'y faire respecter les 
 lois fit les proprie"ts. II 
 est responsable dans 1'e- 
 tendu de cette section, 
 
 1. De 1'execution du 
 Code Rural, en ce qui le 
 regarde, ainsi que tous les 
 autres actes du gouverne- 
 ment relatifs a 1'agricul- 
 ture, oti a la police ru- 
 
 ART. 142. The dwel- 
 ling or station of the Offi- 
 cer commanding the Rural 
 Police, shall be in the cen- 
 tre of his section, upon the 
 public road which tra- 
 verses it. 
 
 ART. 143. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice, is particularly bound 
 to push agriculture to the 
 utmost extent within the 
 section confided to him, 
 and to cause the laws to 
 be observed, and property 
 to be respected. He is 
 responsible in the whole 
 extent of his section, 
 
 I . For the due execution 
 of the Rural Code in what 
 is of his competence, as 
 well as of all other acts 
 of the government relative 
 to agriculture, and to ru- 
 -ral police.
 
 2. Detoutes negligences 
 dans la. surveillance et le 
 travail manuel des habita- 
 tions de la section. 
 
 3. De tous vagabon- 
 dages, desordres, contra- 
 ventions de police dans 
 1'etendu de la section, 
 lorsqu'il ne les aura pas 
 reprimes ou signales a 
 Tautorite superieure. 
 
 II pretera serment, avant 
 d'entrer en fonctions entre 
 les mains du Commandant 
 de 1'arrondissement. 
 
 ART. 144. L'Officier de 
 la Police Rurale, aura a 
 ses ordres, et a poste fixe, 
 trois gardes champtres ; 
 dont un sera au grade de 
 marechal des logis, et fera 
 fonctionde secretaire; 1'au- 
 tre au grade de brigadier; 
 et le troisieme, simple dra- 
 gon. Les susdits gardes 
 champetres seront asser- 
 mentes; le serment sera 
 pr^te, entre les mains du 
 Commandant de 1'arron- 
 d is s em cut. 
 
 2. For every neglect 
 of superintendance and 
 manual labour upon the 
 plantations of the section. 
 
 3. For all vagrancies, 
 disorders, and disobe- 
 dience to the police with- 
 in his section, when he 
 has not prevented them, 
 or reported them to supe- 
 rior authority. 
 
 He shall make oath be- 
 fore the Commandant of 
 the district, before enter- 
 ing upon the duties of his 
 office. 
 
 F.if " ' T A. 
 
 ART. 144. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice, shall have under his 
 command, at some fixed 
 station, three guards, one 
 of whom shall be of the 
 rank of quarter -master, 
 and perform the duties of 
 secretary ; one of the rank 
 of sergeant ; and the third 
 a private dragoon. These 
 guards shall be sworn ; the 
 oath shall be taken in the 
 presence of the Command- 
 ant of the district. 
 
 . 145. L'Officier dc 
 
 ART. 145. The Officer
 
 73 
 
 la Police Rurale 'devra 
 faire, une fois chaque se- 
 inaine, la tournee et visite 
 de chaque habitation de la 
 section. 
 
 ART. 146. L'Officier de 
 la Police Rurale, se rendra 
 a toutes les requisitions 
 des proprietaries, fermiers, 
 ou gerans des habitations 
 de la section, soit de jour, 
 soit de nuit; on y^nverra 
 de gardes champ^tres pour 
 1'execution de la loi et le 
 maintien de 1'ordre. 
 
 ART. 147. Un des gar- 
 des champ^tres r6p6tera 
 chaque semaine sur cha- 
 que habitation de la sec- 
 tion, la visite de 1'Officier 
 de la Police Rurale, de 
 sorte que ces habitations 
 seront visite'es au moins 
 deux fois chaque semaine. 
 
 ;. '\O'3!*ii. 
 
 ART. 148. Lorsquel'Of- 
 ficier de la Police Rural 
 ou les gardes champtres 
 dans leurs tourn^s ordi- 
 naires, se presenteront sur 
 line propriete, ils s'addres- 
 
 commanding the Rural 
 Police, shall make the 
 round of his section, and 
 visit each plantation once 
 in the week. ; 
 
 . 
 
 ART. 146. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural 
 Police, shall hold himself 
 in readiness to attend to 
 the requisitions of proprie- 
 tors, managers, or over- 
 seers, by day and by night, 
 and to send guards to 
 them to enforce obedience 
 to the law, and to main- 
 tain order. 
 
 ART. 147. One of the 
 guards shall repeat every 
 week, upon each planta- 
 tion of the section, the 
 visit of the Officer, so that 
 each plantation shall be 
 visited at the least twice 
 in every week. 
 
 ..,..'-.. 
 
 
 ART. 148. When an Offi- 
 cer, or his guards, in their 
 ordinary rounds, arrive 
 upon any plantation, they 
 shall call first for the pro- 
 prietor, or, in his absence,
 
 74 
 
 seront d'abord an proprie- 
 tairc, s'il est present; au 
 ferraier principal, ou au 
 gerant, en 1'absence du 
 proprietaire : pour s'infor- 
 mer si tout est dans 1'or- 
 dre : apres cette formalite 
 ils se mettront en devoir 
 d'inspccter les travauxpour 
 s'assurer si ils s'executent 
 dans la regie convenable j 
 ils verefieront si tons lea 
 travailleurs sont a 1'ou- 
 vrage ; ils prendront con- 
 naissance des causes d'ab- 
 sence de ceux qui ne se 
 seront pas trouvc au tra- 
 vail, et ageront suivant la 
 loi. 
 
 ART. 149. Dans le cas 
 ou 1'Officier de Police Ru- 
 rale d'une section sera, 
 par cause legitime, emp6- 
 ch6 de faire la tournc et 
 visite indiquee pour les Ar- 
 ticles 145 et 146 il sera 
 tenu d'en donner avis au 
 Commandant de la com- 
 mune, qui le fera rein- 
 placer, pendant qne du- 
 rera la cause de 1'impeche- 
 anent, par un officicr de 
 
 for the chief farmer, or 
 manager, and shall enquire 
 if every thing has been or- 
 derly : after this formality, 
 they shall inspect the la- 
 bours personally, to sa- 
 tisfy themselves that these 
 are properly conducted ; 
 they shall ascertain that 
 all the labourers are pre- 
 sent, and at work; and 
 they shall enquire into the 
 cause of the absence of 
 any of them, and shall act 
 therein according to law. 
 
 ART. 149. When an Offi- 
 cer commanding the Rural 
 Police of a section, is pre- 
 vented by any lawful ex- 
 cuse, making the round 
 and visit directed by Arti- 
 cles 145 and 146, he shall 
 give notice thereof to the 
 Commandant of the com- 
 mune, who shall appoint 
 an officer of gendarmerie, 
 or of the troops of the line 
 quartered in the commune, 
 

 
 75 
 
 gendarmerie, on de la to do the duty for him, 
 troupe de ligne ea gar- while the impediment lasts. 
 rison dans la commune. 
 
 ART. 150. L'Officierde 
 la Police Rural e, qui sans 
 empechement legitiine se 
 dispcnserait de faire les 
 tourne"es, et visites eii- 
 gees par les Articlet 145 
 et 146, sera passible d'une 
 punition, qui lui infligera 
 le Commandant de la com- 
 mune ; en cas de recidive 
 et de negligence, il sera 
 signale au Commandant 
 d'arrondissement qui sera 
 tenu d'en rendre compte 
 au President d'Haiti. 
 
 ART. 151. Tous les Di- 
 manches matins l*Officier 
 de la Police Rural sera 
 tenu de.se presenter en per- 
 sonne, ou d'envoyer un de 
 ses gardes chauipetres sous 
 ses ardres avec un rapport 
 ecrit au Commandant de 
 la commune, pour lui faire 
 connaitre ce que se sera 
 pass6 de plus remarquable 
 dans la vS 
 
 ART. 160. The Officer 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice, who, without lawful 
 excuse, shall neglect to 
 make the rounds and visits 
 directed by the Articles 
 145 and 146, shall suffer a 
 punishment, to be inflicted 
 by the Commandant of the 
 commune ; and in case of 
 repetition of the omission, 
 he shall be reported to the 
 Commandant of the dis- 
 trict, who shall report him 
 to the President of Haiti. 
 
 ART. 151. Every Sunday 
 morning, the Officer com- 
 manding the Rural Police 
 shall present himself in 
 person, or send one of his 
 guards, with a written re- 
 port, to the Commandant 
 of the commune, to inform 
 him of whatever remark- 
 able circumstances may 
 have occurred in his sec- 
 tion. 
 
 ") JiS . " 
 
 ART. 142. LX*fficierde ART, 152. The Officer 

 
 76 
 
 la Police Rurale, et les 
 gardes champ^tres rece- 
 vront leurs appointemens 
 et soldes, suivant leurs 
 grades, a chaque fois que 
 Farm6e de ligne en activity 
 de service sera solde. 
 
 commanding the Rural 
 Police, and the guards, 
 shall receive their pay and 
 allowances, according to 
 their respective ranks, at 
 the same time when the 
 troops of the line in active 
 service are paid. 
 
 ART. 153. L'Etat four- 
 nira aux gardes champe"- 
 
 ART. 153. The State 
 shall supply the guards 
 
 tres Tarmement, Fequip- with arms, accoutrements, 
 ment, et I'habillement, and uniforms, in the same 
 
 manner as to the troops of 
 
 the line. 
 
 comme aux troupes de 
 
 ligne. 
 
 ART. 154. L'uniforme 
 des Officers de la Police 
 Rural, sera habit vert re- 
 trousse^ a revers, poches 
 en travers, collet et pare- 
 mens rouges, passepoil 
 rouge, doublure blanche, 
 boutons blancs, bomber a 
 moiti6, avec une corne 
 d'abondance, surmont^e 
 du Bonnet de la Liberte, 
 ayant pour legende, " Re- 
 publique d'Halti;" cha- 
 peau retape". 
 
 Us porterons en outre, 
 en argent, les epaulettes 
 et /ranges de leur grades j 
 
 ART. 154. The uniform 
 of Officers commanding 
 the Rural Police, shall be 
 a green coat, with flaps 
 and lappets turned back, 
 collar and cuffs red, fac- 
 ings red, white lining, 
 plated buttons, with a cor- 
 nucopia surmounted by 
 the Cap of Liberty, and 
 the words, " Republique 
 d' Haiti," engraved upon 
 them ; a cocked hat. 
 
 They shall also bear the 
 epaulettes and fringes of 
 their respective ranks, wear
 
 gilet et pantalon blanc, 
 avec des bottes a 1'e- 
 cuyere. 
 
 Celui des gardes cham- 
 ptres sera habit veste, 
 drap de memo couleur et 
 inOme fagon que ceux des 
 officiers de la police ru- 
 rale, avec les marques de 
 leurs grades, en galons d'ar- 
 gent ou de lain blanche, 
 casques argentes; ils au- 
 ront pour armure le sabre 
 de dragon, la giberne, et 
 le mousqueton : ils porte- 
 rons de droite a gauche 
 une bandouliere rouge, sur 
 laquelle il sera ecrit en 
 lettres blue, "force de la 
 lot." _ 
 
 , i){{} 
 SECT. 3. 
 
 Des Geranset Conducteurs* 
 d' Habitations. 
 
 ART. 155. Sur chaque 
 habitation ou le proprie- 
 taire ne residerapas, et ou 
 il n'y aura pas un fermier 
 principal residant, il y 
 aura un gerant au choix 
 du proprietaire, ou du fer- 
 mier principal. 
 
 white waistcoats and pan- 
 taloons, and boots. 
 
 The uniform of the guards 
 shall be a jacket, of cloth 
 of the same colour and 
 make as their officers, with 
 the distinctive marks of 
 their rank in silver or 
 white worsted lace, and 
 plated helmets; their arms 
 shall be the dragoon sabre, 
 carbine, and cartouche- 
 box : they shall wear a red 
 belt from right to left, 
 with the words, "force de 
 la loi," inscribed upon it 
 in blue letters. 
 
 SECT. 3. 
 
 Of Overseers and Drivers 
 upon Plantations. 
 
 ART. 155. Upon every 
 plantation where the pro- 
 prietor is not resident, and 
 where there is no principal 
 resident farmer, there shall 
 be a manager, or overseer, 
 to be appointed by the 
 proprietor, or farmer. 
 
 * See Article 116, where this word is used to signify drivers of Cattle.
 
 78 
 
 ART. 15(5. Le proprie- 
 taire, ou fermier principal, 
 apres avoir fait choix du 
 gerant qui lui conviendra, 
 devra passer avec ce ge- 
 rant un contrat synallag- 
 matique, devant notaire, 
 les conditions dnquel sont 
 laisses a leur volonte, 
 apres quoi, il fera con- 
 naitre le gerant a 1'Officier 
 de la Police Rurale de la 
 section. 
 
 ART. 157. Tout proprie- 
 taire, ou fermier principal 
 d'unbien rural, ne residant 
 pas sur leur propriete, qui 
 n'auront pas nomine et 
 ehoisi un gerant pour la 
 propriety, si le nombre de 
 cultivateurs est au dessus 
 de dix, seront passibles 
 d'une amende de dix a 
 cinquante gourdes, suivant 
 1'etendu de la propriety : 
 si le nombre des cultiva- 
 teurs n'excdde pas dix, 
 l'administration pourra 
 tre confine a un conduc- 
 teur. 
 
 ART. 156. The proprie- 
 tor, or farmer, after having 
 selected the manager, or 
 overseer, who suits him, 
 shall enter into a mutual 
 contract or agreement with 
 him, in the presence of a 
 notary, upon such terms 
 and conditions as the par- 
 ties may agree upon. The 
 proprietor, or farmer, shall 
 afterwards make known 
 the manager, or overseer, 
 to the Officer commanding 
 the Rural Police of the 
 section. 
 
 i 9rtpifoobft0d96if 
 
 ART. 157. Every resident 
 proprietor, or farmer, of a 
 rural property, upon which 
 the number of labourers 
 exceeds ten persons, and 
 who shall not have ap- 
 pointed a manager, or 
 overseer, shall be subject 
 to a fine of not less than 
 ten, nor more than fifty 
 dollars, according to the 
 extent of the property : 
 when the number of la- 
 bourers does not exceed 
 ten persons, the manage- 
 ment may be entrusted to 
 a driver.
 
 ART. 158. Les obliga- 
 tions du gerant sont, de 
 surveiller, dans 1'interet 
 du proprietaire qui 1'em- 
 ploie les travaux de 1'ha- 
 bitation dont ilcst charge. 
 
 ART. 159. Les gerans 
 d'habitation seront re- 
 sponsables envers les pro- 
 prietaires, ou fenniers prin- 
 cipaux, de toutes negli- 
 gences, abandon de tra- 
 vaux, ou ils seront em- 
 ploy6sj ils seront, dans 
 ce cas, poursuivis par qui 
 de-droit. 
 
 ART. 158. The duties of 
 the manager, or overseer, 
 are to superintend, in the 
 interest of the proprietor 
 who employs him, the la- 
 bours carried on upon the 
 plantation entrusted to 
 him. 
 
 ART. 159. The managers, 
 or overseers, upon planta- 
 tions, are answerable to 
 the proprietors, or chief 
 farmers, for every neglect 
 or abandonment of labour 
 where they are employed ; 
 they shall be prosecuted 
 by the parties injured. 
 
 ART. 160. Le gerant ART. 160. The manager, 
 
 jouira du respect de tous or overseer, shall be re- 
 
 les agriculteurs de la pro- spected by the labourers 
 
 priete sur laquelle il est upon the estate where he 
 
 employ 6. is employed. 
 
 ART. 161. Sur une pro- 
 priete ou les terres ou jar- 
 dins seront distributes par 
 societes de moitie", ou a de 
 sous-fenniers,chaque chef 
 d'association de moitie ou 
 chaque sous-fermier, de- 
 vien conducteur de son 
 
 ART. 161. Upon estates 
 where the fields or gardens 
 are parcelled out among 
 associations working at 
 half-produce, or to sub- 
 farmers, or jobbers, each 
 head-man of association, 
 and each sub- farmer, or
 
 80 
 
 fttelier, ou de sa socie"te ; jobber, becomes the driver 
 
 il est responsable des tra- of his gang, or of his asso- 
 
 vaux des membres de sa ciation ; he is answerable 
 
 soci6te\ for their labour. 
 
 ART. 162. Les devoirs 
 des conducteurs sont de 
 faire executer les travaux 
 par les ateliers qui leur 
 sont confie's, sous la di- 
 rection des proprietaires, 
 fermiers principaux, ou 
 gerans. 
 
 ART. 163. Le conduc- 
 teurs seront responsable 
 de toutes les negligences 
 dans les travaux ; de toute 
 absence de travailleurs 
 lorsque cette absence 
 n'aura pas etc legitiment 
 autorisee; de tous desor- 
 dres et vagabondages de 
 cultivateurs, lorsqu'ils ne 
 les auront pas fait con- 
 naitre a 1'autorite compe- 
 tente. 
 
 ART. 164. Les conduc- 
 teurs seront payes sur les 
 produits des revenus re- 
 cueillis par les ateliers 
 qu'ils dirigent suivant 
 1'Article 57, de la Loi, 
 No. 3. 
 
 ART. 162. The duties of 
 the drivers are, to cause the 
 work to be done by the 
 gangs entrusted to them, 
 under the directions of the 
 proprietor, farmer, ma- 
 nager, or overseer. 
 
 ART. 163. The drivers 
 are answerable for every 
 neglect of work, for every 
 absence, without leave, of 
 the labourers, and forevery 
 act of misconduct, excess, 
 or idleness, committed by 
 the labourers, when they 
 have not reported the same 
 to the proper authorities. 
 
 ART. 164. The drivers 
 shall be remunerated from 
 the proceeds of the pro- 
 duce raised by the gangs 
 they direct, according to 
 Article 57, of Law, No. 3.
 
 81 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Des Conseils d' Agriculture 
 dans les Sections Rurales. 
 
 ART. 165. Dans chaque 
 commune, le Commandant 
 d'icelle, le Juge de Paix, 
 et le Conseil des Notables, 
 conjointement choisiront 
 chaque annee an premier 
 de Mai, jour de la Fe~te de 
 1'Agriculture, dans chaque 
 section rurale, trois ci- 
 toyens des plus notables, 
 et qui serontproprietaires, 
 fermiers principaux, ou 
 gerans, pour former le 
 Conseil d'Agriculture de 
 la section. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of the Council of Agricul- 
 ture in the Rural Sections . 
 
 ART. 165. On the first of 
 May in every year,being the 
 day of the Festival of Agri- 
 culture, the Commandant of 
 each commune, assisted by 
 the Justice of Peace, and 
 the Council of Notables, 
 shall select from each sec- 
 tion, three of the most re- 
 spectable citizens, being 
 proprietors, farmers, ma- 
 nagers, or overseers, to 
 form the Council of Agri- 
 culture of the section. 
 
 ART. 166. Le choix des 
 membres du Conseil d'A- 
 griculture, sera aussitot 
 communique, par le Com- 
 mandant de la commune, 
 au Commandant d'a*ron- 
 dissement, qui en rendra 
 compte au Gouvernement. 
 
 ART. 167. Les membres 
 les Conseils d'Agricul- 
 ure n'exercent leur fonc- 
 
 ART. 166. The appoint- 
 ment of the members of 
 the Council of Agriculture, 
 shall be immediately made 
 known by the Command- 
 ant of the commune to the 
 Commandant of the dis- 
 trict, who shall communi- 
 cate it to the Government. 
 
 ART. 167. The members 
 of the Council of Agricul- 
 ture are elected for one 
 G
 
 82 
 
 tions qui pendant 1'auneej 
 ils pourront etre chaque 
 ann6e, re-61us, en raison 
 du zele qu'ils auront ap- 
 porte dans leurs fonctions 
 pendant I'ann6e prece- 
 dante. 
 
 ART. 168. Les Conseils 
 d'Agriculture etant com- 
 poses d'habitans cultiva- 
 teurs interesses au bon or- 
 dre dans le service rural, 
 cbacun des membres doit, 
 sans se deranger essen- 
 tiellement de ses propres 
 travaux s'enquerir de tout 
 ce qui se passe dans sa 
 section, aim d'en faire le 
 rapport au Conseil des 
 Notables. 
 
 ART. 169. Les attribu- 
 tions des Conseils d'Agri- 
 culture sont, 
 
 1. De veiller a ce que 
 les dispositions des lois 
 relatives a la culture, ne 
 soient pas tronque'es dans 
 leurs execution. 
 
 2. De chercher, par des 
 experiences nouvelles, et 
 
 year only; but they may 
 be re-elected each year, 
 when the zeal they have 
 shewn in the execution of 
 their duties justifies it. 
 
 ART. 168. The Coun- 
 cils of Agriculture being 
 composed of inhabitants 
 cultivating the soil, and 
 interested in the preserva- 
 tion of order in rural eco- 
 nomy, each of the mem- 
 bers is bound, when he 
 can do so without essen- 
 tially neglecting his own 
 labour, to enquire into all 
 that passes in the section 
 to which he belongs, and 
 report the same to the 
 Council of Notables. 
 
 ART. 169. The duties 
 of the Councils of Agricul- 
 ture are, 
 
 1. To see that the dis- 
 positions of the laws re- 
 lating to tillage, are not in- 
 fringed or weakened in 
 their execution. 
 
 2. To endeavour, by 
 means of experiments, and
 
 83 
 
 par le maintien de la con- 
 corde entre tous les inte- 
 resses a la culture a aug- 
 menter progressivement 
 ses resultats. 
 
 3. De signaler au Con- 
 seil des Notables, et aux 
 autorites militaires, tous 
 les abus ou negligences 
 qui pourront avoir lieu 
 dans la section qu'ils ha- 
 bitant. 
 
 ART. 170. Les membres 
 du Conseil d' Agriculture 
 correspondent individuel- 
 lement, ou collectivement, 
 avec les functionaries ou 
 autorites, avec lesquels ils 
 doivent avoir des rapports. 
 
 ART. 171. Lesfonctions 
 de membre du Conseil 
 d'Agriculture sont honori- 
 fiques. 
 
 by maintaining concord 
 among all those interested 
 in tillage, to increase pro- 
 gressively its results. 
 
 3. To report to the Coun- 
 cil of Notables, and to the 
 military authorities, every 
 abuse or neglect which 
 may occur in the section 
 in which they dwell. 
 
 ART. 170. The mem- 
 bers of the Council of Agri- 
 culture may correspond, in- 
 dividually or collectively, 
 with the functionaries of 
 authorities to whom they 
 are required to make their 
 reports. 
 
 ART. 171. The appoint- 
 ment of a member of the 
 Council of Agriculture is 
 honorary.
 
 84 
 
 TITRE III. 
 
 THIRD HEAD. 
 
 DE LA POLICE RURALE. 
 
 ART. 172. La Police 
 Rurale se fait speciale- 
 ment par les ofticiers 
 charges des sections ru- 
 rales des communes, as- 
 sisted des gardes champ- 
 tres. 
 
 ART. 173. La Police 
 Rurale a pour objet, 
 
 1. La repression du va- 
 gabondage. 
 
 2. L'ordre 'et 1'assiduite 
 dans les travaux des 
 champs. 
 
 3. La discipline des ate- 
 liers. 
 
 4. L'entretien et les re- 
 parations des routes pub- 
 lique et particulieres. 
 
 CHAP. PREMIER. 
 
 De la Repression de Vaga- 
 bondage. 
 
 ART. 174. Toutes per- 
 sonnes qui ne seront pas 
 proprietaires, ou fermiers 
 
 OF RURAL POLICE. 
 
 ART. 172. Rural Police 
 is to be specially maintain- 
 ed by officers appointed to 
 command each rural sec- 
 tion of the communes, and 
 by guards. 
 
 ART. 173. The purposes 
 of Rural Police are, 
 
 1. Repressing idleness. 
 
 2. Enforcing order and 
 assiduity in field labour. 
 
 3. The discipline of the 
 labourers, collectively, or 
 in gangs. 
 
 4. Making and keeping 
 in repair public and pri- 
 vate roads. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Repressing Idleness. 
 
 ART. 174. All persons 
 who are not proprietors, or 
 renters of the land on
 
 85 
 
 du bien rural ou elles sont 
 fixees, ou qui n'auront 
 point fait un contrat avec 
 un proprietaire, ou fermier 
 principal, seront reputees 
 vagabonds, et seront ar- 
 retees par la police rurale 
 de la section dans laquelle 
 elles seront trouvees, et 
 conduites devant le Juge 
 de Paix de la commune. 
 
 ART. 175. Le Juge de 
 Paix, apres avoir iuterroge 
 et entendu la personne 
 menee devant lui, lui fera 
 connaitre les articles de la 
 loi, qui 1'obligent a con- 
 tracter pourselivrer a des 
 occupations agricoles, et 
 apres cet avertissement, 
 1'enverra ou detention dans 
 le maison d'arret, jusqu'a 
 ce qu'il ait contracte, aux 
 termes de la loi. 
 
 which they are residing, or 
 who shall not have made 
 a contract to work with 
 some proprietor or renter, 
 shall be reputed vaga- 
 bonds, and shall be arrest- 
 ed by the rural police of 
 the section in which they 
 may be found, and carried 
 before the Justice of Peace 
 of the commune*. 
 
 ART. 175. The Justice 
 of Peace, after interrogat- 
 ing and hearing the person 
 brought before him, shall 
 make known to him the 
 articles of the law, which 
 oblige him to employ him- 
 self in agricultural labour ; 
 and after that communi- 
 cation, he shall remand 
 him to prison, until he 
 shall have bound himself 
 by a contract, according 
 to the provisions of the 
 law. 
 
 ART. 176. Le Juge de ART. 176. The Justice 
 
 Paix veillera a ce que le of Peace shall allow the 
 
 detenu contracte avec un person arrested, to make 
 
 proprietaire, un fermier ou his own choice of the in- 
 
 * See Articles 3, 45 et secj.
 
 86 
 
 sous fermier, ou avec un 
 
 chef de societe agricole, a 
 
 , . 
 son choix. 
 
 ART. 177. Si apres huit 
 jours de detention le de- 
 tenu n'avait pas pris un 
 parti pour se livrer a des 
 occupations agricoles, il 
 sera employe aux travaux 
 publics, pour la proprete 
 de la ville ou bourg ou sera 
 situe"e la maison d'arret, et 
 y sera employe" jusqu'a ce 
 qu'il se decide a contracter 
 pourse livrer aux travaux 
 de la campagne, quiconque 
 d^tournera ces detenus des 
 travaux public, pour les 
 employer a des travaux 
 particuliers, sera passible 
 d'une amende de cinquante 
 gourdes, dontlamoitie sera 
 allouee au detenu plaig- 
 nant. 
 
 ART. 178. Silapersonne 
 arretee etoit un enfant en 
 minority, le Juge de Paix 
 s'enquerra de ses pere et 
 mere, et 1'enverra les re- 
 joindre pour suivre leur 
 condition. 
 
 dividual with whom he is 
 to contract to labour. 
 
 ART. 177. If, after eight 
 days of detention, the pri- 
 soner shall not have agreed 
 to bind himself to field 
 labour, he shall be sent to 
 the public works, for clean- 
 ing the town or district 
 where he may be arrested, 
 and there he shall be em- 
 ployed until he shall con- 
 sent to bind himself to field 
 labour. Any person who 
 removes any labourer from 
 the public works to employ 
 him in private work, shall 
 be subject to a fine of fifty 
 dollars, of which a moiety 
 is to be paid to the pri- 
 soner complaining. 
 
 ART. 178. If the pri- 
 soner be a child under age, 
 the Justice of Peace shall 
 enquire out his parents, 
 and send him to them, to 
 follow their condition of 
 life.
 
 ART. 179. Trois tnois 
 apres la publication du pre- 
 sent Code, la rigueur sera 
 employee centre les delin- 
 quans. 
 
 ART. 180. Toute iper- 
 sonne fixee dans les cam- 
 pagnes comme agriculteur 
 qui sera trotivee un jour 
 ouvrable et pendant les 
 heures de travail, dans Tin- 
 action, ou en courses et 
 promenades sur les che- 
 mins publics sera consi- 
 dered comme oisive, sera 
 en consequence arretee et 
 conduite chez le Juge de 
 Paix, qui 1'enverra en pri- 
 son pendant vingt-quatre 
 heures pour la premiere 
 fois ; et en cas de recidive 
 aux travaux publics de la 
 ville. 
 
 ART. 181. Les Officiers 
 de la Police Rurale, veil- 
 leront a ce que des vaga- 
 bonds et des oisifs ne se 
 cachent pas sous 1'unif brme 
 de militaires des differens 
 corps : lorsqu'ils trouve- 
 ront, dans les sections 
 
 ART. 179. After the ex- 
 piration of three months 
 from the publication of this 
 Code, rigorous measures 
 shall be enforced against 
 delinquents. 
 
 ART. 180. Every person 
 attached to the country as 
 a cultivator, who shall, on 
 a working day, and dur- 
 ing the hours of labour, 
 be found unemployed, or 
 lounging on the public 
 roads, shall be considered 
 idle, and be arrested, and 
 taken before the Justice of 
 Peace, who shall commit 
 him to prison for twenty- 
 four hours, for the first 
 offence ; and shall send him 
 to labour on the public 
 works, upon a repetition 
 of the offence. 
 
 ART. 181. The Officers 
 commanding the Rural Po- 
 lice, shall take care that va- 
 gabonds and idlers do not 
 conceal themselves under 
 the uniforms of soldiers of 
 the different corps : when 
 they discover, in the sec-
 
 88 
 
 sous leur surveillance, dcs 
 homines qu'ils ne connai- 
 tront pas personnellement 
 pour tre en activite de 
 service dans le corps dont 
 ils porterons I'uniforme, ils 
 les arreterons et les en- 
 verront au Commandant 
 Militaire de la commune 
 pour verifier silapersonne 
 avretee avec 1'uniforme d'un 
 corps en fait par tie. Dans 
 le cas ou 1'individu ne 
 serait pas militaire, il sera 
 depos6 en prison suivant 
 1'Article 175 jusqu'a ce 
 qu'il ait forme un contrat 
 pour travailler a la cul- 
 ture, 
 
 ART. 18:2. Les Officiers 
 de la Police Rurale, veil- 
 leront a ce que, dans 1'e- 
 tendu des sections sous 
 leur direction, personne 
 ne demeure dans J'oisi- 
 vete ; a cet effet, ils sont 
 autoris^s a se faire rendre 
 compte par les individus 
 qu'ils ne trouveront pas au 
 travail, du genre de Jeurs 
 occupations, et si ces in- 
 dividus ne prouvent pas 
 qu'ils cultivent la terre, ou 
 
 tions under their superin- 
 tendance, men whom they 
 do not personally know to 
 be in active service in the 
 corps whose uniform they 
 wear, they shall arrest 
 them, and send them be- 
 fore the Military Com- 
 mandant of commune, that 
 enquiry may be made if the 
 individual arrested really 
 belongs to the corps whose 
 uniform he wears. If the 
 party prove not to be a 
 soldier, he shall be com- 
 mitted to prison, according 
 to Article 175, until he 
 enter into a contract to 
 labour in agriculture, 
 
 ART. 182. Officers com- 
 manding the Rural Police, 
 shall take care, that in 
 their respective sections, 
 no person shall live in 
 idleness; for this purpose, 
 they have authority to 
 oblige such persons as are 
 not actually employed in 
 labour, to give an account 
 of their occupations ; and 
 such persons as cannot 
 prove that they cultivate 
 the soil, or are keepers of
 
 89 
 
 sont employes surdes hat- 
 tes, suivant la Loi, No. 4, 
 ils seront regardes comme 
 gens sans aveu et arretes 
 Gomme vagabonds. 
 
 cattle-pens, shall be con- 
 sidered as without visible 
 means of procuring their 
 livelihood, and shall be 
 arrested as vagabonds. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 De. I'Ordre et de VAssiduite 
 dans les Travaux des 
 Champs. 
 
 ART. 183. Les travaux des 
 campagnes commencer- 
 ont le Lundi matin, pour 
 ne cesser que le Vendredi 
 au soir (les jours de f6tes 
 legales exccptes) nean- 
 moins dans les cas extra- 
 ordinaires, tant dans les 
 interets des proprietaires 
 que des agriculteurs le tra- 
 vail se prolongerajusqu'au 
 Samcdi. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of ensuring Order and As- 
 siduity in Field Labour. 
 
 ART. 183. Field-labour 
 shall commence on Mon- 
 day morning, and shall 
 never cease until Friday 
 evening, (legal holidays 
 excepted); and in extra- 
 ordinary cases, when the 
 interest of the cultivator, 
 as well as of the proprie- 
 tor, appears to require it, 
 work shall be continued 
 until Saturday evening*. 
 
 * And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and 
 after the commencement of this Act, the slaves belonging to, and employed 
 on any plantation, shall, over and above the holidays hereinafter to be 
 mentioned, be allowed one day in every fortnight, to cultivate their own 
 provision-grounds, exclusive of Sundays, except during the time of crop, 
 under the penalty of twenty pounds ; to be recovered against the overseer, 
 or person having the care of such slaves. Provided always, that the num- 
 ber of days so allowed to the slaves for the cultivation of their grounds, shall 
 be at least twenty-six in the year. 
 
 And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That not only shall slaves,
 
 ART. 184. Aux jours 
 ouvrables les travaux or- 
 dinaires des champs com- 
 menceront le matin a la 
 pointe du jour, pour durer 
 jusqu'a midi ; dans 1'inter- 
 valle, il sera pris une demi 
 heur pour le dejuner qui 
 se fera toujours dans le 
 lieu merne ou 1'ou sera 
 occupe a travailler. L'a- 
 pres midi, le travail com- 
 mencera a deux heures 
 pour durer jusqu'au cou- 
 cher du solcil. 
 
 ART. 184. On working- 
 days, the ordinary field- 
 labour shall commence at 
 day-dawn; to continue un- 
 til mid- day, with the inter- 
 val of half an hour for 
 breakfast ; which shall be 
 taken on the spot where 
 the work is carrying on; 
 after mid-day the field- 
 labour shall commence at 
 two o'clock, and continue 
 until sun-set*. 
 
 ART. 185. Les femmes ART. 185. Pregnant fe- 
 
 ne seront employees qu'a males shall be employed 
 
 des travaux legers, des on light work only; and 
 
 qu'elles seront enceintes, after the fourth month of 
 
 et lorsqu'elles auront at- pregnancy, they shall not 
 
 as heretofore, be exempted during the crop, from the labour of the estate 
 or plantation during Sundays, but that no mills shall be put about or 
 worked, between the hours of seven o'clock on Saturday night and five 
 o'clock on Monday morning, under the penalty of twenty pounds ; to be 
 recovered against the overseer, or other person having the charge of such 
 slaves. Consolidated Slave Law of Jamaica, 57 Geo. III. c. 25, Sections 
 4 and 5. 
 
 * And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That every field- 
 slave on any plantation or settlement, shall, on work -days, be allowed half 
 an hour for breakfast, and two hours for dinner ; and that no slaves shall 
 be compelled tc^any manner of field-work upon a plantation, before the hour 
 of fire o'clock in the morning, or after the hour of seven at night, except 
 during the time of crop, under a penalty of 50/. ; to be recovered against 
 the overseer, or other person having the charge of such slaves.
 
 teint le quatrieme mois do be obliged to do any work 
 leur gressesse, elles ne se- in the field, 
 ront pas assujetties a tra- 
 vailler aiix champs. 
 
 ART. 186. Quatre mois 
 apres leurs couches, elles 
 seront tenues de reprendre 
 le travail, mais elles ne se 
 rendront aux champs, le 
 matin qu'une heure apres 
 le lever du soleil pour 
 quitter a onze h cures et 
 1'apres midi qu'a deux 
 heures, pour quitter une 
 heure avant le coucher du 
 soleil. 
 
 ART. 186. Four months 
 after delivery, they shall 
 be obliged to resume la- 
 bour in the field ; but they 
 shall not turn out to work 
 until one hour .after sun- 
 rise ; they shall continue to 
 work until eleven o'clock, 
 and from two o'clock until 
 one hour before sun-set*. 
 
 * The Legislature of Jamaica, after very careful inquiry, did not think 
 it necessary to make any regulation upon the subject of this and the preced- 
 ing Article ; but they have published the evidence they received, on the 
 general practice of the Island, and the Haitian Legislature has embodied that 
 practice in these two Articles. The following are the heads of the evidence 
 of some of the witnesses : 
 
 The pregnant women are put to light work, and continued so till within 
 a short time of their confinement ; for experience has proved, that those 
 women have the easiest time of labour, and bring the healthiest children, 
 who are kept in a moderate state of exercise. They return to light work 
 about six weeks after confinement.* Examination of JV.iU.iam Murray, Etq. 
 
 Great indulgence is allpwed, as to the. hours pf labour of pregnant woman. 
 Examination pf R. Jr. Harris, Esq. 
 
 Pregnant women are usually employed in some light work, till they have 
 advanced about five or six months, when they seldom do any thing for their 
 master. Examination of James Stewart, Esq. 
 
 , See the Mimites of Evidence taken upon oath before the Committee on the 
 Slave Registry Bill, in Jamaica, 1815. .,, .
 
 ART. 167. Nul agricul- 
 teur fixe sur une propriety 
 rurale, ne pourra s'ab- 
 senter du travail qui lui 
 sera assign^, sans la per- 
 mission du gerant, en 1'ab- 
 sence du proprietaire ou 
 fermier principal, lequel 
 n'accordera cette permis- 
 sion que lorsque le cas 
 sera urgent. 
 
 ! 
 
 ART. 187. No labourer 
 attached to an estate in 
 the country, shall absent 
 himself from the labour 
 assigned him, without the 
 permission of the overseer, 
 in the absence of the pro- 
 prietor or farmer ; and no 
 person shall give that per- 
 mission, unless the case be 
 urgent*. 
 
 CJSAP. III. 
 
 De la Discipline des Ate- 
 liers. 
 
 ART. 188. Les ateliers 
 sur les proprietes rurales, 
 devront etre obeissans en- 
 vers leurs conducteurs des 
 travaux, chefs de societ6s 
 de moitie, sous fermiers, 
 fermiers principaux, pro- 
 prietaires etgerans, chaque 
 
 CHAP. 111. 
 
 Of the Discipline of Gangs 
 of Labourers. 
 
 ART. 188. Gangs of la- 
 bourers upon estates, shall 
 be obedient to their driv- 
 ers, jobbers, sub-farmers, 
 farmers, proprietors, and 
 managers, or overseers, 
 whenever they are called 
 upon to execute the labour 
 
 * Section 30th, That no slave, such only excepted as are going to market 
 and returning therefrom, shall hereafter be suffered or permitted to go out 
 of his or her master's, or owner's plantation or settlement, or to travel 
 from one town to another, unless such slave shall have a ticket from his 
 master. 
 
 Section 31st, That no ticket shall be granted to any slave or slaves, for 
 any time exceeding one calendar month. Consolidated Slave Law, passed 
 1814, (57 Geo. HI. c. 25). See Art. 60.
 
 fois qu'il seront requis 
 d'executer les travaux 
 pour lesquels ils auront 
 contracte. 
 
 they have bound them- 
 selves to perform. 
 
 ART. 189. Toute deso- 
 beissance et toute insulte 
 de la part d'un travailleur 
 commande pour faire un 
 travail auquel il serait as- 
 sujetti par un contrat, ou 
 une convention recipro- 
 que, sera puni de la pri- 
 son, selon 1'exigence du 
 cas, d'apres decision du 
 Juge de Paix de la com- 
 mune. 
 
 ART. 190. LesSamedis, 
 les Dimanches, et jours 
 de fe" tes etant a la disposi- 
 tion des agriculteurs, ils 
 ne pourront, les jours ou- 
 vrables, abandonner leurs 
 travaux pour se livrer a 
 des dances ou festins, ni 
 jour, ninuit, les delinquans 
 a cette disposition seront 
 passibles de trois jours de 
 prison pour la premiere 
 fois, et du double en cas 
 de recidive. 
 
 *f . 
 
 ART. 189. Every act of 
 disobedience or insult, on 
 the part of a workman, 
 commanded to do any 
 work to which he is sub- 
 jected, shall be punished 
 by imprisonment, accord- 
 ing to the exigency of the 
 case, in the discretion of 
 the Justice of Peace of 
 the commune. 
 
 ART. 190. Saturdays,Sun- 
 days, and holidays, being 
 at the entire disposal of the 
 labourers, they shall not 
 be permitted, on working 
 days, to leave their work, 
 to indulge in dancing or 
 feasting, neither by night 
 nor by day. Delinquents 
 shall be subject to impri- 
 sonment for three days for 
 the first offence, for six 
 days for the repetition of 
 the oflence*. 
 
 * Section 21, That for the future, all slaves shall be allowed the usual 
 number of holidays that were allowed at the usual seasons of Christmas,
 
 94 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 De I'entretien, et de la Re- 
 paration des Routes Pub- 
 liques. 
 
 ART. 191. Les routes 
 publics seront entretenues 
 et repare"es par les agricul- 
 teurs a tour de role, de 
 toute la section qu'elles 
 traverseront,toutesles fois 
 que leurs 6 tat de deteriora- 
 tion exigera la reparation. 
 Les routes particulieres 
 seront egalement entrete- 
 nues par ceux des agricul- 
 teurs des etablissemens de 
 la section que se serviront 
 habituellement des dites 
 routes. 
 
 ART. 192. Aussitot 
 qu'une route publique ou 
 particulierenecessiterades 
 travaux de reparation 1'Of- 
 ficier de la Police Rural 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 On making and keeping in 
 Repair the Public Roads. 
 
 ART. 191. The public 
 roads shall be kept up and 
 repaired by the labourers 
 of the whole section they 
 pass through, in rotation, 
 whenever their state of de- 
 terioration may require re- 
 pair. The private roads 
 shall also be repaired by 
 the labourers of the estates 
 in the habit of using them. 
 
 ART. 192. Whenever a 
 public or private road re- 
 quires repair, the Officer 
 of Rural Police shall 
 give notice of it to the 
 
 Easter, and Whitsunday. Section 36. But nothing herein contained, shall 
 be construed to prevent any master or overseer from granting liberty to the 
 slaves, upon his plantation only, when, and as often as they please, for 
 assembling together upon such plantation or settlement, and playing and 
 diverting themselves at any innocent amusement : provided that such amuse- 
 ments are put an end to by ten of the clock at flight, (57 Geo, III, c, 25).
 
 95 
 
 en donnera avis au Com- Commandant of the com- 
 mandant de la commune. mime. 
 
 ART. 193. Le Com- 
 mandant de la commune 
 ordonnera le travail s'il 
 est partiel, ou de peu 
 d'importance; il en don- 
 nera avis au Commandant 
 d'arrondissement, si le tra- 
 vail exige un grand con- 
 cours de bras, afin d'etre 
 promptement accelere\: le 
 Conseil d' Agriculture de 
 la section, avisera le Con- 
 seil des Notables de la 
 commune, des travanx quo 
 se feront. 
 
 ART. 194. D'apres le 
 role des habitations des 
 sections mentionne en 
 1'Art. 132, il sera pris le 
 nombre de travailleurs ne- 
 cessaires pour executer 
 les travaux de reparation, 
 en proportion de la popu- 
 lation travaillante de cha- 
 que habitation qui doit 
 toute concourir un travail. 
 
 ART. 193. If the repairs 
 required be local, or of 
 trivial importance, the 
 Commandant of the com- 
 mune shall order them to 
 be done. But if the work 
 to be done require many 
 hands, he shall give notice 
 of it to the Commandant 
 of the district, that hands 
 may be promptly supplied. 
 The Council of Agricul- 
 ture shall inform the Coun- 
 cil of Notables of the work 
 to be done. 
 
 ART. 194. The number 
 of labourers required for 
 any particular work upon 
 the roads, shall be taken 
 from the plantation rolls 
 ordered by Article 132, in 
 numbers proportioned to 
 the labouring population, 
 all of whom are bound to 
 assist in the work. 
 
 ART. 195. Les proprie- ART. 195. Those pro- 
 taires qui n'auront pas le prietors who have not four
 
 nombre de quatre travail- labourers attached to their 
 leurs attach^ sur leur pro- estate, shall in no case be 
 
 priete,n'enfourniront,dans 
 tous les cas, qu'un seul 
 pour les travaux de repa- 
 ration de route. 
 
 ART. 196. Tout agri- 
 culteur commande pour un 
 travail de reparation de 
 route qui ne se rendra pas 
 a ce travail payera six 
 gourdins par semaine d'a- 
 mende, ou sera detenu une 
 semaine en prison, et ne 
 sera pas pour cela exempt 
 du travail, la semaine sui- 
 vante. 
 
 ART. 197. Tout pro- 
 prietaire, fermier princi- 
 pal, ou gerantd'habitation 
 qui, ayant regu la demande 
 de travailleurs pour re- 
 paration de route, n'en 
 fournirait pas, sera passi- 
 ble d'une amende de trois 
 gourdes par sermaine pour 
 chaque travailleur non 
 fourni, Iamoiti6 alacaisse 
 des amendes et 1'autre 
 moiti6 pour servir a rem- 
 placer les travailleurs. 
 
 called upon to furnish more 
 than one labourer for re- 
 pairs upon the roads. 
 
 ART. 196. Every la- 
 bourer ordered to work on 
 the roads, who shall ab- 
 sent himself from that 
 work, shall pay a fine of 
 six quarter dollars a week, 
 or suffer imprisonment for 
 one week, which fine or 
 imprisonment shall not ex- 
 empt him from working 
 the week following. 
 
 ART. 197. Any proprie- 
 tor, farmer, or overseer of 
 a plantation, who, having 
 received a requisition for 
 labourers, shall neglect to 
 furnish them, shall be lia- 
 ble to a fine of three dol- 
 lars per week for each la- 
 bourer short of the num- 
 ber; half the fine to be 
 paid to the treasury of 
 fines, and half to be em- 
 ployed in hiring other la- 
 bourers.
 
 97 
 
 ART. 198. Les travail- 
 leurs commandes pour les 
 travaux de reparation de 
 route, devron se presenter 
 avec les outils et instru- 
 rnens aratoires, dont ou se 
 sert sur Fhabitation, sans 
 quoi, il en sera fourni a 
 ceux qui n'en auraient pas, 
 par 1'Officier de la Police 
 llurale qui les recevra de 
 1'administration, et sur le 
 rapport qui en sera fait 
 au ' Juge de Paix de la 
 commune, il condamnera 
 le proprietaire de 1'habita- 
 tion du delinquant, ou son 
 represantant a rembourser 
 a 1'administration la va- 
 leur double des outils 
 fourni s. 
 
 > r.7*5Ttf3J;: T .SOSfvfelA 
 ART. 199. Lorsque les 
 travaux de reparation de 
 routes publiques ou par- 
 ticulieres exigeront des 
 transports, les propri^tes 
 ou il y aura des cabronets 
 ou tombereaux seront obli- 
 gees d'en fournir, a de- 
 iaut des tombereaux ou 
 cabrouets, ou fournira des 
 betes a charge. 
 
 ART. 198. labourers 
 called out for repairing the 
 roads, shall bring the agri- 
 cultural instruments and 
 tools used on the planta- 
 tion, in default of which, 
 the Officer commanding the 
 Rural Police shall give 
 them tools, to be supplied 
 by the administration, and 
 upon a report of the same 
 being made to a Justice of 
 Peace for the commune, he 
 shall adjudge the proprie- 
 tor of the plantation to 
 which the defaulters may 
 belong, or his representa- 
 tive, to reimburse the ad- 
 ministration in double the 
 value of the tools so fur- 
 nished. 
 
 ART. 199. When means 
 of transport are required 
 for the repair of public or 
 private roads, such estates 
 as possess wains or carts, 
 shall send them; in default 
 of wains or carts, cattle for 
 draft shall be supplied. 
 
 H
 
 98 
 
 ART. 200. La fourniturc 
 de bait b6tes de charge 
 equivandra a la fourniture 
 d'un cabronet attele". 
 
 ART. 201. Nul ne pour- 
 ra, dans un interet particu- 
 lier, detourner ceux qui 
 seront envoyes au dits tra- 
 vaux. Tout contrevenant 
 a cette disposition paiera 
 line amende de cinquante 
 gourdes par cultivateur 
 detournd, ne fu ce qu'un 
 jour. Tous les matins, 
 le directeur des travaux de 
 la journee, fera 1'appel des 
 travailleurs commandos, 
 afin de constater leur pre- 
 sence. 
 
 ART. 202. Les travail- 
 leurs commandos pour les 
 travaux, devront s'y pre- 
 senta le Lundi matin, pour 
 ne quitter, tant que durera 
 le travail, que leVendredi 
 au soir. 
 
 ART. 200. Eight beasts 
 of burden supplied, shall 
 be equal to one cart and 
 team. 
 
 ART. 201. No person 
 shall, for his private inte- 
 rests, take from the repair 
 of the roads, those who are 
 sent to work upon them, 
 under a penalty of fifty 
 dollars for each labourer so 
 withdrawn, if even for one 
 day only. The director of 
 the work shall call over 
 the names of the labourers 
 every morning, to ascertain 
 their presence. 
 
 ART. 202. Labourers or- 
 dered to work on the public 
 roads, shall present them- 
 selves early on Monday 
 morning, and shall not ab- 
 sent themselves, unless the 
 work be finished, until Fri- 
 day evening. 
 
 Donne en la Chambre des Passed in the Chamber of 
 Communes, au Port-au- Commons, at Port-au- 
 Prince, le 21 Avril, 1826, Prince, the 21st of April,
 
 an 23 de 1'Independ- 
 ance. 
 
 Le President de la Chambre, 
 (Signe) MUZAINE. 
 
 Les Secretaires, 
 Pre. JUNCA, et ARDOUIN. 
 
 La Senat decrete 1'ac- 
 ceptative du Code Rural 
 d'Ha'iti, lequel sera, dans 
 les vingt-quatre heures, 
 expedie au President 
 d'Haiiti, pour avoir son 
 execution, suivantle mode 
 etabli par la Constitution. 
 
 1826, 23d year of Inde- 
 pendence. 
 
 MUZAINE, President. 
 
 . 
 
 Pre. JUNCA, and ARDOUIN, 
 Secretaries. 
 
 The Senate decrees the 
 Rural Code of Haiti, and 
 orders it to be sent, within 
 twenty-four hours, to the 
 President of Hai'ti, to be 
 confirmed, and carried into 
 execution, in the manner 
 directed by the Constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 A la Maison Nationale 
 au Port-au-Prince, le 
 4 Mai, 1826, an 23 de 
 Flndependance. 
 
 Le President du Senat, 
 
 P. ROUANEZ. 
 
 Les Secretaires, 
 GAYOT, et F. DUBREUIL. 
 
 At the National House at 
 Port-au-Prince, this 4th 
 day of May, 1826, 23d 
 year of Independence. 
 
 P. ROUANEZ, 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 
 GAYOT, and F. DUBREUIL, 
 Secretaries. 
 
 Au Nom de la Republique: In the Name of the Repub- 
 lic : 
 
 Le President d'Ha'iti or- The President of Hai'ti 
 donne, que les Lois, ci- orders, that the above 
 
 dessus formant le Code Laws, 
 
 constituting 
 
 the 
 
 Rural d'Ha'iti, soient re- Rural Code of Haiti, be
 
 100 
 
 vetues du Sc6au de la Re- 
 publique > et qu'elles soient 
 publiees et executees. 
 
 sealed with the Seal of the 
 Republic, and be published 
 and executed. 
 
 Donne au Palais National From the National Palace 
 
 du Port-au-Prince, le 
 6 Mai, 1826, an 23 de 
 1'Independance. 
 
 BOYER. 
 
 Par le President, 
 
 Le Secretaire General, 
 
 B. INGINAG. 
 
 at Port-au-Prince, this 
 6th day of May, 1826, 
 23d year of Independ- 
 
 ence. 
 
 BOYER. 
 
 By the President, 
 
 B. INGINAC, 
 Secretary-General. 
 
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