iiiii 1/ •J C - liiH m ^3 DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE r i CIRCULAR RELATIVE TO Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men of the Army COMPILED BY DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR By Capt. Johrson Hagood, Coast Artillery Corps UC-NRLF ^B 72 bMM WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRli>. 1907 GIFT OF n Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation. http://www.archive.org/details/circularrelativeOOunitrich • e t> WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE CIRCULAR RELATIVE TO Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men of the Army COMPILED BY DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR By Capt. Johnson Hagood, Coast Artillery Corps WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 'i! CONTENTS. General Discussion. Pay of enlisted men: Page. General considerations 8 Inducements offered by the Army % 8 Characteristics of the soldier 8 Effect of pay on original enlistments 9 The advantages of army life compared with those of civil life 9 Rates of pay; when fixed {see also Exhibit B, p. 29) 10 Comparison with wages in civil life {see also Exhibits F, G, and H, pp. 39,43,49) 10 The soldiers' allowances ; clothing, rations, etc 11 Married soldiers 12 Retirement and pensions ]3 Enlistments and reenlistments 13 Strength of the Army, authorized and actual 14 Desertions ; causes of desertions 14 Discharge by purchase 15 Rates of pay of other armies 15 Comparison with Great Britain and Canada {see also Exhibit E, p. 33) 16 Comparison with other countries 17 Pay of officers: Existing rates of pay 18 Allowances 18 Cost of living in the Army 22 Appointments to the Army 24 Vacancies 25 Resignations 26 Exhibit A. Recruiting circular for the Canadian army showing character of service, rates of pay, and allowances 27 Exhibit B. Existing rates of pay for enlisted men of the United States Army. ., 29 Exhibit C. Character of service in foreign armies 31 Exhibit D. Comparative statement of sales price of subsistence stores, 1899 and 1907 32 Exhibit E. Comparison between the pay of enlisted men of the British army and that of the American Army. (A report from Maj. John H. Beacom of the Sixth Infantry, military attache, London, England, February 17, 1905) 33 3 345913 4 CONTENTS. , «* T t^ : %^^ Exhibit F. Rates 1^ ^1^5" ci'^^lt^ p?)ri^e fopco of various cities of the United States, Canada, and Cuba, and the increases that have been made therein in recent years: New York City, N. Y 39 Washington, D. C ; 40 Montreal, Quebec 40 Chicago, 111 40 New Orleans, La 40 Kansas City, Mo 40 Baltimore, Md 41 Buffalo, N. Y 41 St. Louis, Mo 41 Pittsburg, Pa 41 Newark, N.J 41 San Francisco, Cal 41 Havana, Cuba 42 Boston, Mass 42 Milwaukee, Wis 42 Indianapolis, Ind 42 Louisville, Ky 42 Cleveland, Ohio 42 Exhibit G. Rates of pay of skilled and other laborers in the Government employ, and increases therein in recent years 43 Employees of the Engineer Department on river, harbor, and fortifica- tion work: Seattle, Wash 43 Memphis, Tenn 43 Savannah, Ga 43 Norfolk, Va 43 San Francisco, Cal 44 New London, Conn 44 Pittsburg, Pa 44 Baltimore, Md 45 Ro-jk Island, 111 45 Portland, Oreg -. 45 Cincinnati, Ohio 45 Milwaukee, Wis 46 New York City, N. Y 46 Chattanooga, Tenn 46 Gantts Quarry, Ala 47 J^mployees of the Ordnance Department: Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y 48 Springfield, Mass 48 Exhibit H. Depletion of organizations by discharge, desertion, etc., and men leaving the Army to accept better positions in civil life; with remarks thereon by organi- zation commanders from whom the data was collected: Coast Artillery — Tenth and One hundred and sixtieth Companies, Presidio, San Fran- cisco 49 Twenty-sixth, Sixty-fourth, and Ninety-second Companies, Fort Flagler, Wash 50 Twenty-seventh Company, Presidio, San Francisco 50 Twenty-ninth Company, Presidio, San Francisco 50 Thirty-eighth Company, Presidio, San Francisco 51 Sixtieth Company, (depot torpedo), Presidio, San Francisco 51 Sixty-fifth Company, Presidio, San Francisco 52 Sixty-sixth Company, Presidio, San Francisco 52 Sixty-seventh Company, Presidio, San Francisco 53 Seventieth Company, Presidio, San Francisco 53 CONTENTS. 5 Depletion of organizations by discharge, desertion, etc., and men leaving the Army to accept better positions in civil life ; with remarks thereon by organi- zation commanders from whom the data was collected — Continued. Coast Artillery— Continued. Page. One hundred and fifth Company, Presidio, San Francisco 53 Second, Twelfth, and One hundred and thirty-first Companies, Fort H. G.Wright, New York 54 Seventh Company, Fort Banks, Mass 54 Fifty-ninth and One hundred and twenty-fourth Companies, Fort Andrews, Mass 55 Forty-fifth Company, Fort Du Pont, Del .' 55 Twenty-first Company, Fort Howard, Md 56 One hundredth Company, Fort Terry, New York 56 Forty-sixth and One hundred and twentieth Companies, Fort Strong, Mass 57 One hundred and seventh Company, Fort Preble, Me 57 One hundred and nineteenth Company, Fort Mott, N. J 58 Thirty-third Company, Fort Columbia, Wash ^ 59 Eighty-ninth Company, Fort Banks, Mass 59 Thirty-fourth and Ninety-third Companies, Fort Stevens, Oreg 60 First Band, Third, Nineteenth, Thirty-sixth, Ninety-ninth, and One hundred and forty-fourth Companies, Fort Moultrie, S. C 61 Fifty-sixth Company, Fort Wads worth. New York Harbor 61 Fiftieth Company, Fort Wads worth, New York 62 Eighty-sixth Company, Fort Wadsworth, New York 62 Second Band, Fifth and Forty-ninth Companies, Fort Williams, Me. . 62 Eighty-third Company, Fort Revere, Mass 63 Eighth Band, Fort Barrancas, Fla 63 Cavalry — Fourth Cavalry, Troop G, Fort Snelling, Minn 64 Thirteenth Cavalry, Troop H, Fort Myer, Va 64 Sixth Cavalry, Troop F, Fort Meade, S. Dak 64 Sixth Cavalry, Troop D, Fort Meade, S. Dak 65 Fourteenth Cavalry, Troop M, Yosemite National Park 67 Fourteenth Cavalry, Troop 1, Yosemite National Park 67 Fourteenth Cavalry, Troop G, Presidio, San Francisco 67 Fourteenth Cavalry, Troop H, Presidio, San Francisco 67 Eighth Cavalry, Troop F, Fort Yellowstone, Wyo 68 Second Cavalry, Troop L, Fort Des Moines, Iowa "^ 68 Thirteenth Cavalry, Troop M, Fort Leavenworth, Kans 68 Thirteenth Cavalry, Troop I, Fort Leavenworth, Kans 69 Thirteenth Cavalry, Troop L, Fort Leavenworth, Kans 69 First Cavalry, Fort Clark, Tex 69 Field Artillery — Fourth Regiment, Vancouver Barracks, Wash 70 Third and Sixth Regiments, Batteries A, D, E, and F, Fort Riley, Kans . 70 Fifth Regiment, Battery A, Fort Leavenw^orth, Kans 73 First Regiment, Battery E, Presidio, San Francisco, Cal 73 First Regiment, Battery F, Presidio, San Francisco, Cal 73 Blacksmiths and farriers 73 Infantry — Third Infantry, Company M, Fort Wright, Wash 74 Fourth Infantry, First Battalion, Fort Mackenzie, Wyo 75 Seventh Infantry, Company B, Fort Wavne, Detroit, Mich 76 Twelfth Infantry, Companies I, K, and M, Fort Niagara, N. Y 76 Fourteenth Infantry, Vancouver Barracks, Wash 78 Twenty-first Infantry, Fort Logan, Colo 79 Twenty-eighth Infantry, Matanzas, Cuba 80 Fourth Infantry, Fort Thomas, Ky 80 Signal Corps — Cable boat Cyrus W. Field 82 Company E 82 Company G 85 (5 CONTENTS. Depletion of organizations by discharge, desertion, etc., and men leaving the Army to accept better positions in civil life; with remarks thereon by organi- zation commanders from whom the data was collected — Continued. Ordnance Department — Page. Springfield Armory, Springfield, Mass 85 Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, N. Y 85 Hospital Corps: Post hospital, Fort Leavenworth, Kans 85 Corps of Engineers: Second Battalion, Company H, Washington Bar- racks, D. C 86 Detachment: West Point 86 Kecruiting depot, Fort Slocum, N. Y 88 Eecruiting station, Kansas City^ Mo 88 Exhibit I. Reports covering special subjects, which are printed as a whole: Report of Colonel Gardener, commanding the Sixteenth Infantry 89 General remarks on pay of officers and men 90 Frequent changes of company commanders 91 Changes of station by Sixteenth Infantry since 1898, with number of miles traveled 92 Report of Captain Foster (comparisons in the pay of men in the Commis- sary and Quartermaster's departments and men occupying similar posi- tions in civil life) 98 Report of Captain Roberts, Seventh Infantry (at the grand review at American Lake, before distinguished soldiers of many nations, his com- pany appeared with 1 oflBcer and 13 men in ranks) 99 Report of an infantry captain relative to personal expenses 100 Circular.] War Department, Washington, November 19, 1907. The following compilation relative to pay of officers and enlisted men of the Army is published for the information of officers and en- listed men of the Army and all others concerned. Robert Shaw Oliver, Acting Secretary of War. The Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report: Acting under verbal instructions from the Acting Secretary of War, I have collected and submit herewith certain information bearing upon the question of increased pay for the Army. It may be well to explain why thfs information has been collected. At the last session of Congress, Senator Charles Dick, of Ohio, and Hon. A. B. Capron, of Rhode Island, introduced a bill to increase the pay of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Revenue-Cutter Service (H. R. 21400, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session). During the hearings before the House Committee on Military Affairs certain officials of the War and Navy Departments were called before the com- mittee and questioned upon the subject of the bill under discussion. I was among those who appeared before the committee. In the course of the examination one of the members of the com- mittee (Mr. Prince) said: In this army and navy and marine corps bill you desire to change the law and, of course, the salaries. * * ^ Do you not think that in common fairness to this committee, who represent the whole country, you should submit to us in detail the reasons why this change should be made? Many questions were asked by members of the committee bearing upon conditions generally throughout the Army relative to desertions, discharges by purchase, reenlistments, etc., at different posts and in different sections of the country; cost of living at army posts as compared with that in civil life and as compared with that in foreign armies; the pay of officers and men of other armies compared with that of our own, and other allied topics, which could not be answered with any degree of satisfaction at that time, because no data upon these subjects had been collected. The Chief of Staff, in his testi- mony, stated that if such information was desired, he would have it collected and would present it when desired, and the chairman of the committee stated that he thought it would be well to get together all such information for the use of the committee. It was then late' in the session, no agreement was reached by the committee upon the subject of the bill, and Congress adjourned without taking any action thereon. In July last it was ascertained that Messrs. Dick and Capron intended to introduce another bill " along the same lines at the open- ing of the next session of Congress, and that they desired the Depart- ments to be prepared to make a presentation of this matter before the military committees of the House and Senate, and instructions were given by the President to the Acting Secretary of War to have a This bill has subsequently been introduced — H. R. 2, 60th Congress, first session. 7 8 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. prepared for Mr. Capron whatever data he might desire in connec- tion with the bill. As no definite lines have been laid down as to what was wanted, I have had to use my own judgment in the matter, which is based upon personal consultations with Senator Dick and Mr. Capron, and upon my own experience at the hearings upon the bill last year, during all of which I was present. PAY OF ENLISTED MEN* GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. In considering the question of pay of enlisted men, it is well to keep in mind certain fundamental conditions. In the first place, the American soldier in time of peace is very much like every other type of American citizen, in that he becomes a soldier, and he remains a soldier, for what he can get out of it. Just so soon as he decides that he can get more out of civil life than he can out of the Army, then he is going to refuse to enlist or to reenlist as the case may be. Of course it is not intended to imply that what the soldier gets out of the Army is a money consideration or that it is something that can be measured by dollars and cents. The Army, on the one hand, offers certain inducements; civil life, on the other hand, offers certain other inducements, and every time a man enlists or reenlists he carefully weighs the one against the other. For many years the inducements offered by the Army so far overbal- anced those offered by civil life that there was no difficulty in keeping the Army recruited. Within the last few years, however, the diffi- culty has increased more and more, until at the present time it looks as though the very maintenance of the Army under present condi- tions is threatened. Inducements. — What are the inducements which the Army offers? That depends upon the individual. Every recruit is asked what his object is in enlisting. The great majority answer: ''Love of the service," or ''Like the life,'' when as a matter of fact, not having tried it they know nothing of it. The last thing a recruit thinks of before first enlistment is the pay. He enlists to get away from home, to see the world, through spirit of adventure, disappointment over his situation, inability to improve it, or just plain despair; the love of "military glory" and "brass buttons" also counts at the age of 21. A very short time, however, after he reaches his station he finds that the pay is one of the principal things a soldier thinks about. Pay day is the epoch from which a soldier dates his time. Characteristics. — One characteristic of the soldier has always been that he talked a great deal about what he can "make on the outside." The young soldier generally gave some explanation or excuse for being in the service and bragged about what he was going to do when his enlistment was up. He usually got very little sympathy from his older comrades, who almost always made fun of his aspirations and drew verbal pictures of him performing some ignominious work and finally drifting back to " take on," as they call enlisting. The soldiers spent much of their time joking or joshing each other in a rather per- sonal way, and a favorite manner of doing this was by jocular remarks about each other's previous or future occupation in civil life, real or imagined. The end of a soldier's enlistment was quite an event in his PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 9 life. Even if he intended to reenlist the next day, he often made con- siderable preparations for his discharge, thought up a scheme for going on furlough, or even going on a two-day's pass, which he could get at any other time. When discharged he put on civilian clothes, hung around the barracks in them, or went over to the near-by village and explained why he was going to 'Hake on" again, how certain parties failed him at the last moment or he would have had a good job '^ on the outside," and how he had decided to '^ take on" just once more. Now, what was his real reason for reenlisting? Nothing more nor less than that he decided that he could not do better on the outside, and that he would do better by remaining a soldier. Therefore he reenlisted. To-day all of this is changed. The good job on the outside material- izes and the discharged soldier loses no time in thinking it over, but hurries away from the post, often to advise others to keep away from the Army. I have diverged rather far from the beaten path of an official report in order to bring out the point that no greater mistake could be made than to assume that the mere question of pay, or the question of comparative pay in civil life is not given much thought by tne soldier. On the contrary it is one of his principal topics of thought and of conversation. Original enlistments. — What bearing has the question of pay upon original enhstments ? It has already been said that the recruit gives very little thought to the exact number of dollars he is going to receive as pay. But in considering the question of enlistment he is influenced by such vague ideas of the Army as he can gather in his limited sur- roundings. Some of these ideas he gets from the newspapers and general knowledge of what military life is, but the most of them are formed from what he hears said by others who have served in the Army. A discharged or furloughed soldier comes back to the village and tells of his experiences, and the news spreads. One disgruntled or dissatisfied soldier can spoil a whole county for years as a recruiting section. Thus the question of making more on the outside is pre- sented to the recruit in an indirect manner by those who have tried the Army and do not like it. Comparisons. — It is very hard to make comparisons between the advantages and disadvantages of a soldier's life compared to the life of a civilian. The soldier is comfortably clothed, housed, and fed. He is carefully attended when he is sick, and in addition he has a definite and certain though relatively small income at the end of each month. He is absolutely free from all care and responsibility for his own sup- port. In these respects, he is more like a boy off at school than a man who is struggling for his daily bread in the main stream of life. Yet, no matter what his elders may tell him of the joys of school days with its freedom from responsibility, every boy yearns for the time when he can throw away his school books and assume these same cares and responsibilities which mark the epoch of his manhood. The soldier is housed in a barrack squad room, well heated, well lighted, and yet it is shared by some 30 other men. These men are always there; he can never get away from them. It offers no pri- vacy, nothing of what the human being always demands for him- self — some kind of a home. He is well fed, yet it is always the same thing. He can never change his boarding house, no matter how much he may tire of it. J^d then there is reveille and taps, and roll calls and. drills. He must always go, always be on time. He has lost that sense of freedom; and yet, with it all, he likes the life — 10 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. that is, he hkes it sometimes, and then again sometimes he hates it, and always he thinks of whether or not he could not do better on the outside. This brings his thoughts back to his home. He thinks of his brother, set up, perhaps, in a small business in a country- town, married, with children, owning, may be, a small home with a mortgage upon it. He thinks, perhaps, of the good days when he was free to come and go as he pleased, and if he did not like his job to give it up and get another, of some girl who was his sweetheart, and because of whom, perhaps, he left home and enlisted. He won- ders if she thinks of him now, and whether or not she would be glad to see him back. In other words, he is human; he is a young man in whose veins the blood runs red and who typifies in his own way that which we call the American citizen. Thus the soldier, whether he be in garrison or in the field, at an island coast fort or in the Philippines, is always thinking of home and of what he could ''do on the outside." If the United States desires to keep soldiers, it is necessary that at least a goodly per- centage of them shall, when the time comes, decide that they can not do better on the outside and that they had better stay in the Army. So soon as this balance can not be maintained, then soldiers will not stay in the Army. How can this balance be maintained in favor of the Army ? Many answers can be given, and are given — less frequent changes of station and of officers, fewer courts-martial, resto- ration of the canteen, building gymnasiums and attractive post exchanges, and a thousand others; but no one or all of these can accomplish anything unless the soldier is satisfied when pay day comes around that he is getting what he earns. Pay, v)hen fixed. — By consulting Exhibit B, on page 29, it will be seen that for the line of the Army the base pay of a sergeant is $18 a month, of a corporal $15, and of a private $13. In 1854 the corresponding rates were $17, $14, and $12. From 1864 to 1871 the rates were $20, $18, and $16, respectively, so that the great mass of enlisted men get less pay to-day than they did forty years ago. This is shown graphic- ally on opposite page. In contrast to this, the wages of all those classes in civil life from whom soldiers are drawn have increased anywhere from 15 to 100 per cent and the pay of policemen and other municipal employees has increased in some cases as much as 300 per cent. (See statistics of Bureau of Commerce and Labor, shown in diagram oppo- site page 22, and reports on pay of policemen, pages 39-42. Wages in civil life. — It may well be said, of course, that the in- creased wages of civil life have responded to the increased cost in the necessities of life, the burden of which, in the case of soldiers, has fallen upon the Government and not upon the soldiers themselves. This is of course true and must be considered, but the fact remains that the soldier has been affected by the increased standard of living if not by the increased cost of the necessities, and it is necessary to con- sider that not only has there been a great advance in ordinary wages, but there has been a corresponding advance in the wages of those who, in addition to actual pay, get board, lodging, and clothing. Consider the pay of certain employees of large corporations and of farm hands and domestic servants wno are boarded and lodged and in many cases furnished medical attention and medical supplies, of liveried and uni- formed employees who, in addition to these, get clothing. The advances made in their actual pay are just as great proportionately as that of any other emplo^^ees. UVA&ES TAtiEN FROM HEPOflT OF SEAIATE r//VAtfC£ COMMITTEE A/VO BUILET/A/ OF TME 3(/f^£AU OF LABOHj W06. 4 Si I I ^S^^55^^§§lsg§l^ I^i MM 1 i 1 1 6i \ X CO > ! c5 •^.. ftA J ^s. C < ij s \ 6 ii 6S ; AQ ^•- L_ .. 70 1 1 7/ |_ \ 7? \ 1 73 * 1 / 7-4- 1 Li ^ Vf . y_ 76 ^ ■7 -T • f 1 l\ 78 1 1 \ 79 1 \ - 3l §? • 1 \ . 1 ^/ • 1 \ oi • 1 /[ 63 t 1 ! 8f 1 II 86 - • 1 1 67 I 1 u AH ^ • L- V. no : N o9 _ On • 1 / : 1^ r\ r% J • Y 1 9Z &s ■ 1 IJ > 1 n/r 1 Q f ■ 1 QR . 1 1 QQ I II V 1 • i •s !^ no • 1 V • 1 I uo ; J "jt 04- 0$ - _ , _ _ __. S^otg§^§§|ll§!l \\% PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. 11 Moreover, whatever theories may be advancea upon this subject, the fact can not be controverted that soldiers will not reenlist and that they almost invariably give as their reason the fact that they can '^make more on the outside." Abundant evidence of this exists, and will be found on pages 49 to 100, following. WHAT DOES THE SOLDIER DO WITH HIS PAY? Many persons entertain the idea that soldiers, being supplied with ''allowances" by the Government, require nothing else and that their pay is something for which they have very little use. A private sol- dier at the end of his first enlistment is getting $14 a month, a corporal $16, and a sergeant $19. There are other grades, a few of them, of higher rank and longer service, who get as much as $75 a month. In the entire Army there are 62 of this latter class — master electricians — less than one-tenth of 1 per cent of the authorized force. The great mass of the Army are the privates, corporals, and sergeants in their first enlistment, so that it is this class of men that we must consider. The soldier's allowances consist of clothing, rations, lodgings, medical attention, and medical supplies. Clothing. — The soldier draws a certain allowance of clothing in kind, the value of which for each enlistment is $169.29, or an average of $56.43 a year. If he does not draw all of the clothing to which he is entitled, he can get the money value of the balance upon discharge. If during any half year he overdraws his clothing allowance, he is charged for the excess, and it is taken out of his pay. The clothing allowance is sufficient for the average soldier. Some make a saving out of it; others overdraw their allowance and have the excess taken out of their pay. Out of the clothing allowance comes all the uniform the soldier wears — coat, trousers, overcoat, hats, shoes, gloves, etc., and also underclothing and the soldier's blankets. He is not provided with handkerchiefs, towels, or toilet articles, such as soap, brushes, razor, etc. Bedding other than blankets is provided at Government expense and not charged against the clothing allowance. The cloth- ing as issued rarely fits, and it is necessary to have it altered. This altering and fitting must be done at the soldier's expense, out of his monthly pay. No provision is made for repairing, pressing, or clean- ing clothing or for repairing shoes. Nearly all soldiers, except recruits, have their best clothes tailor made or remade at their own expense. It is a custom of the service, and the eye detects at once any soldier who appears in public or at inspection in an ' 'issue " blouse that has not been recut to make a decent fit. The difficulties of pro- viding a ready-made uniform that will fit are of course much greater than that of providing ready-made civilian clothes. Rations. — The soldier is furnished his rations, the value of which is about 20 cents a day. They are cooked for him and served to him at Government expense. But this does not mean that the soldier spends no money for food. The meals are served at a certain hour each day. Often the soldier, of his volition or on account of official duties, finds it impracticable or inconvenient to get to the barrack mess at meal time. He then buys a lunch or meal at the post ex- change or a near-by restaurant. The lunch counter at the post exchange is one of its principal features. Incidentals. — If the soldier chooses to wear civilian clothes he must of course buy them, along with ties, collars, shirts, and all other 12 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. accessories. On account of the prejudice against the. uniform, many soldiers avoid wearing it in pubUc places. The soldier must provide his own shoe polish, cleaning materials for his rifle and equipment, and must pay for his laundry. The great majority of men who come into the service have never learned to shave themselves, and they pay $1 or $1.50 a month to some barber for hair cuts and shaves. If a soldier breaks any of the table crockery when he is washing dishes, or at any other time, he must pay for it. If any article of Govern- ment property is stolen from him or misplaced while in his possession and he can not properly account for it, he has to replace it. One of the regular routine papers submitted by a company commander each quarter is the statement of charges against enlisted men, made on pay rolls, for broken or lost crockery ware. Amusements. — So far I have dealt with what may be called the soldiers' necessities. If we expect to keep soldiers in the Army we must also consider their amusements. The average young working man, whether he be a common or a skilled laborer or a clerk or a railroad man, or belong to any of those classes from whom we can expect to get soldiers, if he be single, spends a good portion of his wages upon his personal amusement. He has his tobacco, his beer, and his cheap shows and his pool rooms, and if he has nothing else to do he can get with a crowd after working hours and hang around some street comer or cigar store. The soldier craves the same thing. He gets tired of the humdrum of the post routine, the gymnasium and the athletic sports arranged for him. They bore him, and he feels that he must get off occasionally and get over to the near-by town or village and, if nothing else, loaf around and look in the shop windows. In order to give himself even this simple recreation, he must pay fare on some train or trolley car, or, in the case of coast artillery posts, pay passage on some boat. The posts are frequently so far from these little towns that the soldier to go "on pass" must stay away all night, paying for his lodging and meals. Sending money Jiom^e. — Some soldiers attempt to send small sums home to dependent parents, or brothers, or sisters. Married soldiers. — I have thus far considered only the unmarried soldiers. In the line of the mobile army every effort is made to dis- courage soldiers from marrying, as it is next to impossible to care for their families, on account of the frequent changes of station. But the post noncommissioned staff officers are not subject to such frequent changes of station, and they are authorized by law and regulations to have separate quarters. The authorized allowance is one room, at a cost of not more than $12 a month, but on posts they are provided with small cottages of four or five rooms. No discouragement is placed in the way of these men marrying. In the same way there is a belief among many that it is a great advantage to have the older sergeants and the skilled experts of the Coast Artillery married, as they are apt to remain longer with their organizations. Such a sol- dier gets established at some post, his wife does some work, his chil- dren go to school, and unless he decides to leave the service altogether he is not apt to leave that post. In the Coast Artillery this class of old noncommissioned officers steady the service. On account of their wives and daughters they feel a greater responsibility, they feel they must keep up the tone of service and its esprit. Upon this class of men falls most heavily the increased cost of the necessities of life. They get their little houses on the post, if they have rank enough, PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 13 otherwise they rent or own one in a near-by town. If on the post, they can get fuel from the quartermaster, and they get a ration — $6 worth of groceries a month — and then they get their pay. How can they and their famihes exist on it ? There is many an old soldier who, after years of service, does not make as much as his young daughter, who is a servant girl on the post. Retirement. — A soldier, after serving thirty years, is entitled to retirement on three-fourths pay and $9 a month as commutation of allowances. This term of service seems pretty long to a man, consid- ering the question of reenlistment for the first time. It is 50 per cent longer than that required of the Canadian soldier. If at any time a soldier becomes permanently disabled, whether in line of duty or not, he is discharged upon surgeon's certificate. There is no such thing as retirement for disability for enlisted men. If the disability occurred in line of duty, the soldier becomes entitled to admission to the Soldiers' Home. This places hinj upon the basis of a military pau- per. The home is not supported by the Government, but by invol- untary contributions of the soldiers themselves, 12 J cents a month from the pay of each soldier in the Army. Thus the disabled soldier, as far as the Government is concerned, is dependent upon the labori- ous process of prosecuting a claim for a pension. Of course it goes without saying that no criticism is meant by me of the method in which disabled soldiers are looked after by the United States, and these points are brought out only to indicate that retirement for length of service and pensions for disability incurred in time of peace are not very great inducements to hold out to young soldiers. Enlistments and reenlistments. — Going over the records of the recruiting service back as far as 1886, there appears to have been no difficulty in recruiting the Army until 1901. On June 30 of that year the actual enlisted strength of the Army was 74,310. Since that time the actual strength has steadily run down until on October 15, 1906, it was 54,659, and on October 15, 1907, it was 50,190 enlisted men. During this period (1901-1907) the authorized strength has been reduced from 77,287 to 69,861 enlisted men. The difficulty of obtain- ing recruits has become greater and greater. It has become neces- sary to resort to special advertising. The number of officers on recruiting duty has been increased from 58 on June 30, 1904, to 1 17 on June 30, 1907, and the standard of acceptance has been reduced in that the percentage of rejections of applicants has been much reduced. Still greater difficulty is experienced in the matter of reenlistments. In order to maintain any degree of efficiency, it is necessary to have in every organization a certain number of old soldiers. It is also desir- able to get in a certain amount of new blood from time to time, and at times in the history of the Army it has been necessary to place limita- tions upon the number of reenlistments. In 1876 general orders were pubHshed limiting the number of men who could reenlist to those whose character was exceptionally good. At that time some of the batteries of artillery did not have a single man who was not drawing continuous-service pay. In the report of the Adjutant-General for the year 1888 it is stated that 72 per cent of all the enlisted men in the Army had had more than three years' service. Limitation on reenlistments. — The appropriation bill of February 27, 1893, provided: ''And hereafter, in time of peace * * * no pri- vate shall be reenlisted who has served ten years or more or who is over 14 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 35 years of age, except such as have already served as enHsted men for twenty years or upwards. ' ' The comparative condition existing to-day can not be understood without consulting the statements submitted by organization commanders and printed herein on pages 49 to 100. Some old soldiers reenlist with the hope of rounding out their thirty years to get retirement. Other men reenlist under regulations pro- viding for the immediate discharge and reenlistment of men going on foreign service and of men attending certain of the service schools, but, as is shown by the reports referred to, the great majority, when their time is out, leave the service, and the result is that organizations are so reduced in numbers that in many of them drills and practical instruction have become a farce. Shortages. — The actual and authorized enlisted strength of the four arms of the service on October 15, 1907, were as follows: Authorized strength. Actual strength. Shortage. Cavalry Field Artillery Coast Artillery Corps Infantry Total for these four arms 13,196 5,245 19, 321 25, 650 63, 412 10,806 2,859 9,516 20,053 43,234 2,390 2,386 9,805 5,597 20. 178 Desertions. — Desertions, like failures to reenlist, may be assignable to many different causes, but when a man has what he considers a good job he is not likely to desert it. A Government job is generally looked upon as a good thing and very few branches of the Govern- ment are troubled to any extent by men refusing to continue in Government employ, even when to give up such employment is wholly voluntary. We do not usually associate with the position of postmaster, or custom-house employee, or policeman, for instance, the idea that force is necessary to keep them filled, or that it is necessary to pass laws providing that if a man accepts such a position and throws it up he shall be put in prison. Yet men will commit the crime of desertion to get out of the Army, apparently for no greater reason than that they do not like it. Maj. Gen. A. W. Greely, commanding the Northern Division, in reporting upon the causes of desertion, says: Causes of desertion. — Ten causes of desertion arranged in order of their importance by 31 selected organization commanders, by 136 battery, company, and troop comman- ders, and by 136 first sergeants serving at the various posts of the division. Causes of desertion in order of importance as viewed by: First Company ser- com- geants. manders. 1 1 2 3 3 2 4 7 a5 8 6 4 7 6 8 5 9 10 10 9 Selected officers. Small pay, especially noncommissioned oflBcers, and high wages in civil life '. Lack of canteen, and resultant trouble in dives surrounding posts Low standard and general worthlessness of recruits Excessive amount of nonmilitary work Hardships incurred during practice marches, especially weekly Difficulties arising from bad habits Failure of recruits to appreciate the obligations of a contract, and their ignorance of the character of the crime of desertion Probable immunity from punishment for desertion, and belief that little effort will he made to capture them Almost universal hostile attitude of civilians toward uniform Isolation of certain posts and consequent lack of amusements a In the infantry one-half of the first sergeants place this cause as No. 1 or No. 2. 10 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 15 The first sergeants are in a better position to know the reasons why men desert than organization commanders. In addition, about 100 noncommissioned officers of long service were questioned by the division commander on inspection. About 80 per cent gave (1) small pay, (2) practice marches, and (3) lack of canteen as the predisposing causes of desertion. The above opinions are entitled to great weight, inasmuch as they represent the mature consideration of nearly 400 officers and noncommissioned officers of company ozganizations, cover a great extent of country, and include varied fields of trade and industry. The percentage of desertions in the Army in recent fiscal years is as follows: Per cent. 1895-1904 4. 5 1902-1904 : 6. 1 1905 6. 8 1906 7.4 Discharge hy purchase. — It may be well here to indicate what is meant by ' 'discharge by purchase." . Under the provisions of section 4 of the act of Congress approved June 16, 1890, the President pre- scribed rules governing the purchase of discharge from the Army. In time of peace, any enlisted man who has completed one year's service as such and is not undergoing punishment or under charges may obtain the privilege of purchasing his discharge, subject to the approval of the authority competent to order it. The price of pur- chase consists of the travel allowances due on discharge, retained by the United States in all cases, and in addition thereto, the following: After 1 year's service $120 After 2 years' service 100 After 3 years' service 90 After 4 years' service - 85 After 5 years' service 80 After 6 years' service 65 After 7 years' service 60 After 8 years' service 55 After 9 years' service 40 After 10 years' service 35 After 11 years' service 30 RATES OF PAY OF OTHER ARMIES. The question naturally arises as to how other nations of the world have met these conditions. What do they pay their soldiers and how do they retain them in the service ? By consulting the table on page 31 it is seen that Great Britain and the United States are the only countries of the world maintaining an army of any size wholly by vol- untary enlistments. In other countries a man contributes a certain amount of service in the army, just as he does taxes, to the general support of the government. He is given a certain amount of pay, which partially supports him. In the United States, however, the soldier enters into a voluntary contract for a short term of enlist- ment — three years — and he may at any time terminate it by the payment of a small sum (discharge by purchase). In Great Britain the conditions are somewhat the same, except that the term of enlist- ment is practically twelve years. The long term of enlistment, while probably acting as a deterrent upon enlistments, has the advan- tage of requiring fewer enlistments per year to keep the army full. In actual dollars and cents Great Britain pays her Canadian soldiers of all grades, and her British soldiers of the higher grades, more than the United States pays her soldiers of the same grades. This, how- 16 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. ever, is not a fair comparison, because conditions are so different in the United States frOm what they are in Great Britain. The only way in which pay or wages for any particular occupation in two countries can be compared is by a comparison of the purchasing values and by a consideration of the general standard of living, and of the wages or pay for other similar occupations. This subject has been treated fully by Maj. John H. Beacom, military attache at London, in a paper submitted herewith, which will be found on page 33, to which particular attention is invited. From his deductions and from data given in the recruiting circular of the Canadian army, printed on page 27, the following comparisons of pay can be made: Grade. Sergeants-major, tenth year Quartermaster-sergeants, tenth year Sergeants, sixth year Corporals, fourth year Privates, third year Privates, first year "United States sol- dier in United States cur- rency. $40.00 40.00 23.00 17.00 14.00 13.00 Canadian soldier in Canadian currency. $60.00 55.50 37.25 30.05 18.00 15.00 American equivalent of pay of British sol- dier. $71. 35 57.45 38.50 29.90 18.85 12.95 The almost exact coincidence between the actual pay of different grades in the Canadian army and the ''American equivalent" for that grade indicated as the pay of the British soldier shows the accu- racy of Major Beacom' s deductions. As. the United States and Canadian currency is the same, and as conditions in Canada are more nearly like those in the United States than are those in any other country, it will be interesting to carry the comparison in pay a little further. I have therefore extracted some further data from the Canadian recruiting circular and give below a table based upon the initial pay of the two services. Statement of pay per month and allowances of United States Army as compared to that of enlisted men of corresponding grade in the Canadian army. United States Army. Master gunner $34. 00 Sergeant-major 34. 00 Chief musician 60. 00 Quartermaster-sergeant 34. 00 Chief trumpeter 22. 00 Squadron or battalion sergeant- major or color sergeant 25. 00 Chief mechanic 18. 00 Company or battery quarter- master sergeant 18. 00 Sergeant 18.00 Corporal 15.00 Private 13.00 Sergeant, first class, Hospital Corps 45. 00 Sergeant, Hospital Corps 25. 00 Corporal, Hospital Corps 20. 00 Private, Hospital Corps 18. 00 Canadian Army. Master gunner, artillery districts. $45. 00 Sergeant-major 45. 00 Bandmaster 45. 00 Quartermaster-sergeant 40. 50 Sergeants trumpeter 37. 50 Squadron or battery sergeant- major or color sergeant 37. 50 Sergeants farrier 37. 50 Squadron, battery, or company quartermaster- sergeant.' 37. 50 Sergeant 30. 00 Corporal 24. 00 Gunner or private 15. 00 Sergeant-major, medical corps ... 52. 50 Ward master, medical corps 37. 50 Assistant ward master 30. 00 Hospital orderlies 18. 00 PAY OF OFFICEBS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ABMY. 17 ALLOWANCES. Free rations, barrack accommodations, and medical attendance. Clothing allowance. — Practically the same for both services. Toilet articles. — United States, nothing; Canadian, button brush, hairbrush, shav- ing brush, razor and case, button stick, clothes brush, shoe brushes, comb, sponge, blacking, towels. Transportation to recruiting stations. — United States, nothing; Canadian, $10. Pensions. — Service retirement: United States, after thirty years; Canadian, after twenty years. Disability retirement: United States, none; Canadian, after fifteen years' service. The cost of living and the scale of wages in Canada is less than in the United States. In this connection attention is invited to the pay of the police force of Montreal as compared to that of Washington (page 40). Other countries. — The only other countries on the American conti- nent with which comparisons of this kind can well be made are Cuba, where many of our soldiers serve, and Chile which maintains a very respectable army of 10,000 men. The Cuban pay is more than that of the United States, and so is that of the Chilean army which is as follows (the currency indicated is the Chilean '^peso," the purchasing value of which is about the same as that of the dollar of this country) : Salaries and allowances of officers and men, Chilean army, as per law of 1894. [Alamo's " Recopilacion de Leyes Militares."] Rank. Major-general Brigadier-general. . Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Major Captain First lieutenant... Second lieutenant . Pay per $8,400 7,200 6,000 4,800 3,600 2,400 1,800 1,200 Grade. First sergeant Sergeants Corporals (first class) . . Corporals (second class) Musicians Privates Artificer, first class Artificer, second class. . Pay per $540 444 372 348 324 300 720 480 Retired pay for disability in line of duty is equal to one-fortieth the annual pay multiplied by number of years of service; for any other cause, equals as many fortieths of 75 per cent of pay per year as number of years' service. Pension of about 10 per cent of salary to widow or children or mother when the deceased had over ten years' service. Officers are entitled to quarters, light, fuel, forage, ration in kind, orderly, surgeon, medicine, hospital, funeral. Commanding officers of posts receive also an extra pay of $1,000 a year. Men receive quarters, clothing, rations. Chilean ration consists of: Grams. Meat 340 Bread 300 Vegetables 150 Onions 50 Potatoes 240 Beans 300 Rice 50 It is reported by the officer who furnished the above data relative to the Chilean army that there is a bill now pending before the Chilean Congress for increasing the pay of the army, navy, and civil service of that country by from 30 to 60 per cent. 18386—07 2 Grams. Coffee 10 Sugar 35 Salt 20 Lard . . Garlic. Chile.. 50 5 2 18 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. PAY OF OFFICERS* The rates of pay for officers of the Army were fixed by section 24 of the act approved July 15, 1870 (R. S., 1261). The rate of pay and authorized number of officers in each grade on October 15, 1907, are as follows: Grade. Pay. Number. $13,500 11,000 ol 7,500 7 5,500 27 3,500 113 3,000 135 2,500 385 2,000 1,800 } 1,332 1,600 1,500 } 1,168 1,500 1,400 } 828 General LieuteBant-general Major-general Brigadier-general. . Colonel Lieutenant-colonel , Major Captain: Mounted Not mounted.. First lieutenant: Mounted Not mounted. . Second lieutenant: Mounted Not mounted.. a Grade abolished upon retirement of present incumbent. An increase of 10 per cent in pay is allowed for every five years of continuous service, provided the total increase shall not exceed 40 per cent, and provided further the maximum pay for a colonel shall not exceed $4,500 and of a lieutenant-colonel shall not exceed $4,000. ALLOWANCES. The allowances of officers are as follows: (1) Quarters, or commu- tation thereof; (2) purchase of commissary supplies at Government rates; (3) medical attention and supplies; (4) fuel and lights; (5) mileage when traveling under orders without troops and baggage allowance when changing station. 1. Quarters. — At posts officers are furnished quarters. Married lieutenants, as a rule, the usual type of 7-room and bath house, captains and field officers a little better, and bachelors 2 rooms and a bath in what are called '^ bachelor quarters." When not on duty with troops and not serving where Government quarters are fur- nished officers are allowed commutation of quarters at the rate of $12 a room, as follows: Lieutenant-general, 10 rooms; major-general, 9 rooms; brigadier- general, 8 rooms; colonel, 7 rooms; lieutenant-colonel, 6 rooms; major, 5 rooms; captain, 4 rooms; first lieutenant, 3 rooms; second lieutenant, 2 rooms. This allowance was provided for in the army appropriation bill of March 2, 1907. It is an advance upon that heretofore allowed and under this allowance officers living in cities can get quarters for the commutation allowed them, or a slight excess thereof. The allowance has not affected officers serving at posts, since they occupy the same quarters they did before. A proviso was included in the same bill that '^ heavy furniture" could oe furnished by the Govern- ment for officers' quarters. It will be some years before this can be carried into effect. It will not affect, very much, officers who are already in the service, who have already provided themselves PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 19 with a complete outfit of household furniture, nor will it result in much saving to the officers who come in during the next few je&Ts. These officers will have to have their houses completely furnished when they occupy them, and will have to buy the furniture, not- withstanding the fact that eventually most of the heavy furniture will be provided by the Government. The furniture to be provided this year from funds now available consists of window shades, a dining-room table and chairs, a desk, and a hatrack. 2. Commissaries. — The Subsistence Department keeps on hand, primarily, articles of the ration for issue to the enlisted men. For the convenience of officers it also keeps on hand certain other staple articles of a little better quality, which might be designated as family groceries as distinguished from fanc}^ groceries. It carries no meats except salt and canned meats, and no fresh vegetables except potatoes. As a convenience the commissary is one of the greatest privileges offi- cers have. Troops are often stationed miles from a railroad or upon some isolated island at the mouth of our harbors, and at such stations officers have no access to the markets, and they are absolutely depend- ent upon the commissary for their supplies. As a means of saviiig, however, the commissary is one of the most insignificant considera- tions. It should be understood that the Commissary Department pur- chases by advertisement and bids. It can not go into the open mar- ket and make bargains. The purchases are surrounded by all kinds of restrictions. There are specifications as to standards of quality, of size, of shape, of weight, of date and manner and rate of delivery, etc. Many of the purchases are made in small quantities in the neighbor- hood of the posts, and it is notorious that the Government always pays more for everything than corporations or individuals purchas- ing under similar conditions. After the purchases are made and the goods placed on sale in the commissary there is no such thing as bargain-counter prices. All goods are sold as standard. If, through age or other conditions, the quality deteriorates, the standard price is maintained until the goods become absolutely unsalable. They are then condemned and destroyed. Many of the commissaries can only be bought in certain quantities — an inconvenient condition for the housekeeper — butter, for instance, only in 5-pound tins; so that while, as I say, the com- missary is almost indispensable at times, it really represents very little money value to the average officer, and many officers do not patronize it at all. The Commissary-General submitted to the Military Committee of the House last year a detailed statement on this subject showing the per- centage of savings by purchases at the commissary. His report cov- ered the cases of 147 different officers making purchases from the com- missary at Washington Barracks. The average monthly bill was $16.05, and the average saving over open-market retail values was $1.42, about 8.75 per cent. As a matter of fact, many officers prefer not to patronize the commissary, as the saving of a dollar or two a month does not make up for the trouble. Of course the price of com- missaries has followed the general advance of the price of the same article in the commercial markets, and the sales price of to-day shows an advance of from 10 per cent to 100 per cent over that of a few years ago, as is indicated in the table on page 32. 3. Medical attention. — Officers and enlisted men receive medical attention and medical supplies from the Government. It is, of 20 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. course, known that many corporations and civilian organizations supply this to their employees and that the cost to these concerns is nominal. The cost per person for such service would probably not amount to $5 a year. At every army post there is a hospital and one surgeon to about every 300 officers and men. There are two attend- ing surgeons in Washington and 288 officers who, with their families, are entitled to medical attention. The value of this attention, includ- ing medical supplies, is estimated at $30 per officer per year. It is interesting to note that after this estimate had been made it was ascer- tained that the commutation of medical attention and supplies allowed captains of the Canadian army is $30 a year. However, it must not be understood that officers have no doctor bills because they are enti- tled to the services of army surgeons. There are many cases of an unusual character, especially with women and children, that the army surgeons no not handle, ana there is no army officer of family who is not constantly being put to private expense on account of medical attention necessary for his family. Many instances could be cited where officers dependent upon their pay have had medical bills amount- ing to $400 or $500. 4. Fuel and lights. — Up to last year officers were allowed to buy a certain allowance of fuel at the rate of $3 for a cord of wood or its heat equivalent. This amounted to a saving of $1.77 per 1 ,000 pounds of coal, and for a captain the average saving was $11 a month the year round. Under the provisions of the appropriation act of March 2, 1907, fuel and lights are furnished free, and this increases the value of this allowance for a captain to $23, or an increase of $12 a month over what it was before. The allowance of fuel and lights for all grades is indicated below: Rooms, Cords of wood per month. ^2 •c ft < o a m allowance from Sep- tember 1 to April 30. 2-- ^Z1 & 5*2 " a For quarters. For office. Lieutenant-general Major-general or officer of higher rank occu- pying 9 rooms as quarters Brigadier-general or officer of higher rank occupying 8 rooms as quarters Colonel or officer of higher rank occupying 7 rooms as quarters Lieutenant-colonel or officer of higher rank occupying 6 rooms as quarters Major or officer of higher rank occupying 5 rooms as quarters Captain or officer of higher rank occupying 4 rooms as quarters First lieutenant or officer of higher rank occu- pying 3 rooms as quarters Second lieutenant or officer of higher rank occupying 2 rooms as quarters Officer of any rank occupying 1 room as quar- ters 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 21 5. Mileage. — Officers traveling on duty without troops get 7 cents a mile miletge. Those traveling with troops go on the troop trains and get no niileage allowances. The mileage allowed is usually suffi- cient to cover expenses of trips away from and return to permanent stations. For instance, if an officer is ordered to New York and return on official business, the mileage will cover the trip. When such trips are short and involve several days' stoppage at various places, with hotel bills at each, the mileage will not cover the expenses. Only a very limited number of officers, however, travel on duty of this kind. The great majority of travel is when officers change station permanently — when they pick up bag and baggage with family and household effects and leave a station never to return to it. If such a change is made without troops the officer gets his mileage, 7 cents a mile, and he is allowed to carry a certain quantity of baggage — 3,000 pounds for a captain. The mileage will possibly pay for a ticket for himself and wife. If he changes station with troops he gets actual transportation, but no mileage. No married officer can change station, either with or without troops, without having to go to some expense over and above that allowed him by the Government. Sometimes it is very great, amounting to several hundred dollars. This question of changing station is one which is probably under- stood less by civilians than anvthing connected with the Army. Com.- parisons have often been made with supposedly similar conditions in civil life, or in civil branches of the Government, it being stated that the Government pays the traveling expenses of the officer or employee, but not of his family. The inference from this is that the officer has the option of leaving his family at home. There is no such option and there is no such home. There are many traveling men in civil life, and there are many officers and employees of the civil branches of the Government whose duties require them to travel, but almost without exception there is some central point, some headquarters where the home of the family can be located. There is no such condition in the Army. Officers are liable to be ordered for duty in any part of the United States, Alaska, the Philippines, Cuba, Honolulu, or Porto Kico. When they leave one point, they leave it for good, with no expectation of ever returning to that point. The average rate of change is one move a year. Many officers have changed station as often as four to eight times in a year. Some officers have had moves averaging from 5,000 miles to 7,000 miles a year. Company H of the Sixteenth Jnfantry, for instance, in nine years has had 30 moves with an aggregate distance of 51,765 miles. If any one officer was with this company during the whole of this time he drew no mileage for any of these moves. Other examples may be seen by consulting the reports contained further on. Particular attention is invited to that of the colonel of the Six- teenth Infantry, given on page 89. Suppose an officer at Fort Riley, Kans., is ordered to Alaska or to the Philippines. He has either got to take his family with him or send them to some place where they can stay till he returns to the United States. He can not leave them at the fort — the quarters he occupied will be needed for the officer that relieves him, and when he returns to the United States it is practically certain that he will not be sent back to Fort Riley. There is only one way an officer can keep 22 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. from moving his family every time he moves and that is not to have any family. Now, this frequent moving around is a new condition arising from the necessity of having part of the Army outside the con- tinental limits of the United States. In the old days regiments stayed from seven to fifteen years at one station and the only officers who were shifted- around were those on detached service. Now the con- ditions are reversed, and a detail on some special duty is a godsend in that it at least guarantees two or three years at some place without a move. COST OF LIVING IN THE ARMY. So much has been said upon the subject of increased cost of living recently that it hardly seems necessary to treat of this phase of the subject in this paper. According to Dun's Index of the Comparative Cost of Living, as given on page 172 of the World's Almanac for 1907, the cost of living has advanced from 72 to 105 in the last ten years; that is, an increase of 46 per cent based upon the figures for 1897. The Bureau of Commerce and Labor, in its Bulletin No. 71, July, 1907, gives on page 7 the increase during the same period of "Retail prices of food weighted according to family consumption," from 96 in 1897 to 116 in 1906, an increase of about 21 per cent. The newspapers and periodicals are full of statistics of all kinds as to the advances in prices of all commodities, and of wages and salaries. No argument IS necessary to show what these have been, it is a matter of common knowledge that not only has the actual cost of necessities advanced, but the increased standard of living makes what was once a large salary a very small one now. Congress has recognized this and has made this a basis for an increase of 50 per cent in the salaries of its Members. But even since that time the cost of living has advanced, and prices are even higher now than they were during the last session of Congress. The officers have had to bear the brunt of all these advances, the same as their brothers in civil life, and in addition to this they are burdened with certain extra expenses on account of the change in the nature of the service required of them. Insurance. — The excessive changes of station have already been men- tioned as an additional cost per se, but they involve other things, for instance, insurance. All insurance companies now charge large extra premiums of army officers on account of their liability to tropical service. These increased rates, an advance of from 10 to 20 per cent, extend to the entire Army. Officers are dependent upon insurance as the only form of protection for their families, since the roving nature of their occupation prevents them from acquiring any property or of having any business interests. A large increase in insurance pre- miums is a Yevj serious matter to them. School facilities. — In the old days officers remained at stations long enough to educate their children, or at least put them for a reasonable time at the local schools. But now their stay at any one place is so transient that they must make arrangements to send their children off to schools at great expense. Moreover, being nonresidents, they are usually denied the privilege of the local public schools. Post gardens. — Formerly every well-regulated post had its garden, and officers, for a nominal sum, could share in its products. This, of course, resulted in a great saving to them. Now the post garden, C0P/£O FROM auUETiM OF THE BUREAU OT LABOf\ , /90 7. 1^^ III ill Co' , *<' <« • « • 1 / • V • • • • ■ 1 • ♦♦ y '/. 4 • • • • ii ^ c, i • ♦ M f L \ 1^ • • X ••^ •., 1 \ *•, •% \ II II 2 • / V \ \ *., — «5 s *• \ \ / s ^ •, • • • 1 • • I \ \ % • • • 1 H • • \ -■ 1 • • ff • 1 L \ V '•• ••, •• ••, / « \ N s s ■ • '•• '•. ••• •• t 1 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 23 like all other marks of permanency, is no longer a feature of posts, and officers must do the best they can in local markets. Servants. — Servants are now very scarce and wages are high. The old servant class in the vicinitv of posts — wives and daughters of soldiers — has disappeared, and the usual class of servants do not care to be employed upon lonely army posts where the garrisons change too rapidly for them to make any ties. The result is that officers now have to pay from 25 to 50 per cent more for servants than the local rates in near-by town or cities. Railroad fare. — Before the passage of the interstate-commerce act officers' famines could usually travel on troop trains without charge or could otherwise travel on passes or half rates. The revocation of this courtesy on the part of the railroads has fallen heavily on officers who have to take their families with them when they make long and frequent changes of station. In general. — The Military Committee was furnished last year with considerable detailed information on the subject of officers not being able to live on their pay, and it is not believed to be desirable to go into the subject to any extent again. The following extract, how- ever, is given from the current report of Maj. Gen. A. W. Greely, commanding the Northern Division : Pay of officers. — Another subject that will vitally affect the future efficiency of the service is that of adequate pay for the commissioned officers of the Array. In thirty- seven years, marked in general by unparalleled prosperity for the nation, and in the eventuation of the highest salaries and pay ever known to civilian laborers and pro- fessional men, the pay for officers of the Army serving in the United States has remained unchanged, except in curtailment through the abolishment of fuel, which Congress restored in March, 1907, with light added. To-day the physical and professional standards for officers are higher than ever before. They demand constitutions that may withstand the climes of Alaska or the Philippines; administrative ability equal to the outfitting of a single company post, or the equipping of an army half way around the globe ; scientific knowledge for accu- rately determining the range and unerringly delivering the shot against warships miles away; the instant transmission of military information by buzzer, by submarine cable, or by wireless telegraphy; the locating of hostile forces, and their destruction by invisible batteries through indirect fire methods; these and kindred other duties involving high scientific knowledge are expected in our Army, not from specialists highly trained for years, but from the line of the Army. Second lieutenants, beginning with a pay of less than $4 per day, must provide themselves with uniform, food, servants, camp equipment, and household effects. In seven years they may rise, if health lasts and examinations are passed, to first lieu- tenants at $5 per day, and in eighteen or twenty years to a captaincy with $6.50 or $7 per day. If ordered to foreign service, at an increased expense of about 25 per cent, they receive 10 per cent additional. It is submitted that most efficient and highly desirable service can not be always expected from underpaid officers. Even the most patriotic and honorable men are unfavorably affected by financial difficulties involving the care and comfort of their families. Compelled by reports to believe that half the company officers were necessarily living beyond their pay, an investigation was made by the division commander which discloses the harrowing fact that this condition is true as to more than three-fourths. It appears from official confidential reports certified to by the officers concerned that in the Northern Division, during 1906, only 7 (1 largely in debt) out of 34 captains and first lieutenants, selected with reference to conservative character and good habits, were able to live within their pay. Living expenses, 1906. — Thirty-four officers give under designated heads their expenses for the year 1906, with certificate of their general correctness. The amounts ^iven are less than the actual expenses, as some families were clothed from private incomes and in several cases families visited relatives during the year, their expenses not entering in these reports. The average pay of these 34 officers, stationed not in cities, but at military posts from Ohio and Kentucky northwestward to Wyoming and 24 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Montana, was $2,506.32, including in most cases all mileage, money prizes as marks- men, etc. The expenses of these 34 officers average $3,037.03, or 21.1 per cent in excess of their pay. The detailed expenses per average family of 3.79 was as follows: Household expenses (food, servants, furniture, fuel, light, etc.) $1, 478. 31 Uniforms and clothing 458. 48 Charities and religion 40. 86 Education 105. 51 Insurance 177. 07 Recreation 93. 33 Furniture losses in changing station 179. 25 Cost of changing station for family 174. 48 Separate homes necessitated by foreign service 329. 74 The simple methods of army life appear in the statement that the cost of household expenses, exclusive of 21.17 cents for fuel and light, is but 85.4 cents daily for each member of an officer's family. The average cost of clothing per individual (including uniforms) is $118 per year, and the amount annually spent for recreation is $32, or less than 9 cents per day for each individual. Excluding 1 officer, who is making extraordinary efforts to adjust debts incurred by frequent changes of station, there were but 3 captains who lived inside their pay, averaging $166.27 each, against 13 captains whose average deficiencies were $262.82. The condition of the first lieu- tenants is lamentable, only 2 living within their income to the extent of $114.50 each, as against 15 whose average excess of expenses over salaries amounts to $465. 43r EFFECT ON COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL. We have seen the effect of these conditions upon the enHsted men. What about the officers ? It has always been said that there may be difficulty about getting men, but there will never be any difficulty in getting officers. Unfortunately this is not true. Of course men can be rounded up anywhere that will accept commissions in the Army ; but we must consider the question of competency, and when it is said that there is difficulty in getting officers we must mean, of course, officers of the heretofore accepted standard. Source of supply. — There are three sources from which officers are obtained — West Point, the ranks, and civil life. For many years there was the keenest comj>etit]'on for commissions from all of these sources. It has been said that no American boy has ever grown to manhood without having entertained the idea at one time or another of going to West Point or Annapolis. Certainly appointments to West Point were strenuously sought for, and the War Department and the White House have for years been visited frequently by Sena- tors and Congressmen recommending the appointment to West Point or to a commission of their young constituents. Such appointments are now rarely sought in this way. Cadets. — There have never been so many unfilled vacancies at West Point as there are at the present time. In old times when a boy wanted to enter the Military Academy he had to go to West Point to stand his entrance examination, whether he be in Massachusetts, Texas, or California — there was no other way; and many stories are told of boys starting out months beforehand and making their way to West Point, sometimes partly on foot, in order to try this ordeal upon which they based their future career. Due to a decreasing interest in these appointments by the youth of the country, all sorts of arrangements have been made in order to relieve the inconveniences of the entrance examination and to make it easjr for those who feel inclined to take it. Examinations are held in different parts of the country, so that no boy need go an unreasonable distance from his home to stand the examination, and arrangements are made by which if one man fails others are examined to take his place. Yet, in spit^ PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 25 of all efforts to keep the corps full, the superintendent of the Mili- tary Academy says in his last report: In this connection attention is invited to the large and increasing number of ap- pointees in recent years who have failed to report (79 this year); to the fact that the Corps of Cadets is 73 below its authorized strength, and to the increasing number of resignations from the Army (9 of this year's graduates, it is understood). In the matter of trained young soldiers, the output of the Military Academy can not with safety, be permitted to fall below the rate of consumption of those who have gone before, plus the increased requirements of a great and growing nation. It is believed that the more lucrative pursuits and greater fields for promotion of private life are diverting young men from these careers of small pay and slow promotion in our country's service. Enlisted candidates, — There has been a marked decrease in the number of men who '^enlist for a commission." It is understood, of course, that very few, if any, old soldiers compete for commissions, because they, as a rule, do not have the educational qualifications, elementary though they be. Most of the men that get commissions from the ranks are young men of moderate education who enlist with the object of getting the commission. The law provides that all vacancies existing after the West Point class has been provided for shall be held for qualified enlisted men, and that the remainder may be given to civilians. There were, November 7, 1907, 203 vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant in the Army, and 14 enlisted candidates at Fort Leavenworth competing for them. Civilian candidates. — The same lack of enthusiasm is displayed by civilian candidates. There has been practically no competition for the vacancies caused by the artillery bill of last year. In order to fill some of the vacancies in the Coast Artillery, invitations were sent to the presidents of 125 of the principal colleges and technical schools of the country. They were informed that graduates of these schools could, if they desired it, obtain appointments as second lieutenants in the Coast Artillery. After four months had elapsed none of the schools had been heard from. Some few college graduates, however, have applied for designations, and altogether 48 civilians are now being examined at Fort Leavenworth. A few years ago the President of the United. States announced that he would give each year an appointment as second lieutenant in the Army to an honor graduate of each of the 6 leading military schools in the country. These institutions were to be selected by a careful competitive annual inspection, and to the 6 which excelled in mili- tary instruction he would give the appointments. Following the usual custom, the inspectors visited all the military schools last spring and as a result of their reports 6 were selected and the appointments were offered to the 6 honor graduates. Of the 6, only 2 accepted. Those who declined gave various excuses, to the general effect that better opportunities were offered in civil life. One of them (Norwich University, Vermont) stated specifically that while he liked military life the low pay and slow promotion offered by the Army were not sufficient to induce him to give up his prospects in civil life. Vacancies. — The vacancies existing in the grade of second lieu- tenant in the Army on November 7, 1907, were as follows: Engineers 18 Cavalry 19 Field Artillery 19 Coast Artillery 76 Infantry 71 Total 203 26 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. This is 24.5 per cent of the total number authorized for this grade. (The total number of vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant in the artillery is: Field Artillery, 66, and Coast Artillery, 207. The Army therefore needs a total of 381 second lieutenants to fill it to its full complement authorized by existing law, but under the law only 19 for the Field Artillery knd 76 for the Coast Artillery can be appointed during this fiscal year.) Medical Department. — Besides these there are 23 vacancies in the grade of first lieutenant in the Medical Dej^artment. The Surgeon- General has found it impossible to get qualified young physicians to give up their prospects in civil life to enter the Medical Department of the Army. A comparison between these figures and corresponding ones for years past shows the following: Statement of number of vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant in the Army. Year. Number authorized in grade. Number of vacancies. Shortage. January 1, 1885-1898 January 1, 1899-1906 January 1, 1907 Novembers, 1907... o445 a 912 912 1,006 o6.2 a 80.0 112.0 381.0 Per cent. 1.4 8.7 12.0 37.87 a Average. Resignations. — The increasing number of resignations each year is shown below. All resignations have been counted except those where an officer has resigned a commission in one arm to accept one in another. These have been excluded. Resignations from the Army, grouped according to the calendar year in which they occurred. 1890-1900 « 8 1901-1904 « 23^ 1905 25 1906 40 Among those resigning to accept better positions in civil life are several men recently promoted from the ranks. One case is that of a man who had only had his commission six months when he began making arrangements to resign and go into business. In addition to the tabulated data referred to in the body of this re- port attention is also invited to the rates of pay of skilled and other laborers in the Government employ and the increases therein in recent years, found on page 43, and to a few reports on page 89 which are of such interest that I have included them as a whole. Very respectfully, Johnson Hagood, Captain, Coast Artillery Corps. a Average. Exhibit A. [Advertisement in The Canadian Military Gazette.] RECRUITS WANTED FOR THE PERMANENT FORCES OF CANADA. ENLISTMENT. Applicants for enlistment must be bona fide British subjects of good character, unmarried, between the ages of 18 and 45, in good health, not less than 5 feet 6 for artillery and 5 feet 5 inches in height and 34 inches around the chest for other corps. They will be required to enlist for three years, and pass a medical examination before attestation. Corps. — Cavalry, mounted rifles, field and garrison artillery, engineers, infantry, army service corps, and army medical corps. Pay. Per diem. After 3 years in rank. After 6 years in rank. Master gunner at headquarters Master gunner, artillery districts Sergeant-major Sergeant-major, army medical corps, at headquarters Ward masters, army medical corps Bandmasters Quartermaster-sergeants. Sergeants, instructors or drill sergeants Sergeants, trumpeters or drummers Orderly room clerks Squadron or battery sergeants, major or color sergeants. Sergeants farrier Squadron, battery, or company quartermaster-sergeant. Sergeants Assistant ward masters, army medical corps Corporals Second corporals, engineers Bombardiers Acting bombardiers or lance corporals Saddlers Wheelers Shoeing smiths Trumpeters, buglers, or drummers Gunners or privates Drivers Hospital orderlies (privates) Trumpeters, buglers, or drummers under 18 Artificers, royal Canadian artillery: Staff sergeants Sergeants Corporals Bombardiers Gunners Machinery gunners Engineer's pay, royal Canadian engineers: First-class noncommissioned officers and men Second-class noncommissioned officers and men Third-class noncommissioned officers and men Canadian army service corps: Bakers Butchers $2.00 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.35 1.25 1.25 (o) 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.00 1.00 .80 .75 .75 .60 (a) 0.50 .50 .50 .60 1.75 1.50 1.25 .85 .60 .85 .50 .35 .25 .50 .20 $2.25 1.75 1.75 2.00 1.50 1 75 1.60 1.50 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.10 1.10 .90 .85 .85 .70 (a) 0.60 70 1.85 1.60 1.35 .95 .70 .95 $2.50 2.00 2.00 2.25 1.75 2.00 1.85 1.75 1.50 (a) 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.05 1.00 1.00 .85 (a) 0.75 .75 .75 .85 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.10 .85 1.10 a According to rank. 27 28 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. In addition, good-conduct pay for those below the rank of corporals and bombardiers as follows: Two cents per diem for first year, 3 cents per diem for second year, 4 cents per diem for third year, to be paid at termination of engagement; 5 cents per diem for fourth year, 6 cents per diem for fifth year, 7 cents per diem for sixth year, on reengage- ment; 7 cents per diem to continue for those reengaging. Free rations, barrack accom- modation, and medical attendance. FREE KIT ON JOINING. 1 cloth tunic. 1 serge frock. 1 service jacket. 1 pair cloth trousers. 1 pair serge trousers. 1 pair service trousers. 1 pair puttees. 1 cardigan waistcoat. 1 tuque. 1 forage cap. 1 service cap. 2 pairs boots. 1 winter cap (on joining only). 1 muffler (on joining only). 1 pair mitts or gloves (on joining only). And thereafter a similar issue annually, with the exception of cloth tunics, cloth trousers, forage cap, winter cap, and muffler, which will be issued triennially, with badges, etc., according to rank. An annual allowance, after first year's service, of $3 will be granted to each soldier to enable him to keep up his winter kit. REGIMENTAL NECESSARIES. Free on joining, and to be kept in serviceable order at the soldier's expense during his whole period of service, viz: 3 gray shirts. 2 knitted shirts. 1 button brush. 1 hairbrush. 1 shaving brush. 1 fork and knife. 1 razor and case. 1 bag, waterproof. 1 button stick. 3 pairs socks. 1 pair braces. 1 tin grease. 1 cloth brush. pair shoe brushes. hold-all. spoon. comb. 1 1 1 1 1 sponge. 2 pairs drawers, 1 box blacking. 2 towels. not, however, to exceed $10 The actual and necessary cost of transport to — in any case, will be refunded to men on enlistment upon satisfactory proof of such expenditure having been incurred. The following trades will be required for the royal Canadian engineers: Carpenters, masons, electricians, plumbers, steamfitters and helpers, bricklayers, telegraphers, locksmiths, painters, paper hangers, glaziers, joiners, cabinetmakers, plasterers, and machinists. PENSIONS. After twenty years' service and upwards, soldiers become entitled, on discharge, to a pension for life, varying from 30 cents to $1.40 a day, according to rank and length of service. Soldiers who have completed not less than fifteen years' service and are incapaci- tated through infirmity of mind and body, shall be entitled to retire and receive a pension for life. A BATTALION OF INFANTRY AT DRILL. THREE COMPANIES COMBINED AS ONE. FORT McDowell, cal. A company OF coast ARTILLERY FORMED FOR ARTILLERY DRILL, FORT H. G. WRIGHT, N Y PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 29 Exhibit B. RATES OF PAY FOR ENLISTED MEN OF THE II. S. ARMY AS NOW AUTHORIZED BY LAW. The pay of enlisted men is made up of (a) pay proper, (6) continuous service and reen- listed pay, (c) additional pay for high qualification in target practice, etc., (d) foreign- service pay, (e) additional pay for certi^cate of merit, (/) extra-duty pay. (a) PAY PROPER. 1. Infantry, cavalry, and field artillery, and other branches having corresponding grades and pay. Private $13 Musician or trumpeter, cavalry 13 Wagoner, cavalry 14 Artificeror mechanic, Field Artillery. 15 Farrier and blacksmith or saddler, cavalry 15 Corporal 15 Chief mechanic. Field Artillery 18 Mechanic, Coast Artillery 18 Cook 18 Quartermaster-sergeant 18 Sergeant 18 Principal musician or chief trump- eter, cavalry and Field Artillery.. 22 First sergeant $25 Color-sergeant 25 Battalion quartermaster-sergeant , Field Artillery 25 Battalion or squadron or junior ser- geant-major 25 Drum major 25 Regimental or senior sergeant- major 34 Regimental quartermaster-sergeant . . 34 Regimental commissary-sergeant 34 Chief musician 60 2. Additional or different grades and pay — Coast Artillery. Fireman $30 Master gunner 34 Electrician sergeant 35 Electrician sergeant, first class $45 Engineer ". 65 Master electrician 75 3. Additional or different grades and pay — Engineers. Private, first class $17 Cook. 20 Corporal 20 Sergeant 34 Quartermaster-sergeant $34 First sergeant 34 Battalion quartermaster-sergeant 36 Battalion sergeant-major 36 4. Additional or different grades and pay — Signal Corps. Private, first class $17 I Sergeant, first class $45 Cook 20 ! Mas|;er signal electrician 75 5. Additional or different grades and pay — Ordnance Department. Private, first class $17 6. Additional or different grades and pay — Hospital Corps. Private $16 Private, first class 18 Corporal 20 Sergeant $25 Sergeant, first class 45 7. Post noncommissioned staff officers. Quartermaster-sergeant $34 Commissary-sergeant 34 Ordnance sergeant 34 Master electrician^ 75 Master signal electrician « $75 Electrician sergeant, « Coast Artil- lery 34 o Included above in branch in which serving. 30 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. (6) CONTINUOUS SERVICE AND REENLISTED PAY. 1. For continuous service there is added to the pay of the grade in which serving — $1 per month for third year, $2 per month for fourth year, $3 per month for fifth year, $5 per month for sixth to tenth year, $6 per month for eleventh to fifteenth year, $7 per month for sixteenth to twentieth year, $8 per month for twenty-first to twenty-fifth year, $9 per month for twenty-sixth to thirtieth year, $10 per month for thirty-first to thirty-fifth year. For the purpose of this increase in pay, service is regarded as con- tinuous when a man reenlists within three months from date of discharge. 2. The pay of a man who has ever served continuously more than five years, and who reenters the service more than three months after discharge, commences with the amount paid in the fifth year of continuous service. This is reenlisted pay. 3. The monthly pay proper and continuous service and reenlisted increases are shown for representative grades at the various periods in the following table: Grade. Year. o r INFANTRY, CAVALRY, AND FIELD ARTILLERY. Private Corporal Sergeant First sergeant Battalion sergeant-major Regimental noncommissioned staff officer ADDITIONAL GRADES— COAST ARTILLERY. Fireman Master gunner Electrician sergeant Electrician sergeant, first class Engineer Master electrician ADDITIONAL GRADES— ENGINEERS. Private, first class Corporal Sergeant and first sergeant Battalion sergeant-major Quartermaster-sergeant HOSPITAL CORPS. Private Private, first class Corporal Sergeant Sergeant, first class SIGNAL CORPS. Private', first class Sergeant, first class Master signal electrician ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. Private, first class Post noncommissioned staff: Quartermaster-sergeant Commissary-sergeant Ordnance sergeant Chief musician $13 15 18 25 34 $14 16 19 26 35 $15 17 20 $16 18 21 28 37 $18 20 23 30 39 22 $19 21 24 31 40 $20 22 25 32 41 $21 23 26 33 42 24 I 26 I 28 33 53 $22 24 27 34 43 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 31 (c) ADDITIONAL PAY PER MONTH FOR HIGH QUALIFICATION IN TARGET PRACTICE, ETC. Infantry and cavalry: For a qualified marksman $1 For a qualified sharpshooter 2 For a qualified expert rifleman 3 Artillery: For a qualified gunner, second class " 1 For a qualified gunner, first class 2 Coast Artillery : For casemate electricians , observers, first class, and plotters 9 For chief planters, chief loaders, observers, second class, gun commanders and gun pointers 7 In the infantry, cavalry, and field artillery no limit is placed on the number of enlisted men that may receive additional pay as indicated, except the natural limit incident to regular qualification as a requisite. In the Coast Artillery limits are estab- lished by law as follows : Casemate electricians 44 Observers, first class 170 Plotters 170 Chief planters 44 Chief loaders 44 Observers, second class 170 Gun commanders 378 Gun pointers 378 (d) FOREIGN- SERVICE PAY. The pay of the enlisted man serving beyond the continental limits of the United States proper, excepting in Porto Rico and Hawaii, is increased 20 per cent. This increase accrues on additional pay for continuous service, for high target qualifica- tion, etc. (e) ADDITIONAL PAY FOR CERTIFICATE OP MERIT. A certificate of merit granted to enlisted men for distinguished service entitles him to $2 per month additional, while in the Army, whether on the active or retired list. (/) EXTRA-DUTY PAY. Enlisted men detailed to perform specific and regular services, not military, may receive extra compensation therefor in time of peace, and they are not entitled to increase for foreign service. The extra compensation authorized for men thus regu- larly detailed on extra duty is 35 cents for laborers, teamsters, clerks, etc.; 50 cents for mechanics, artisans, and school-teachers, and 25 cents to $1 for bakers. Exhibit C. CHARACTER OF SERVICE IN FOREIGN ARMIES. Country. Character of service. Argentina Austria-Hungary Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Denmark Ecuador Compulsory for 25 years; 20 to 45 years of age; 8 years in line and reserve; 12 years in national guard; 5 years in territorial guard. Compulsory for 23 years; 19 to 42 years of age. Voluntary, to be supplemented by compulsory when necessary. The plan is not satisfactory and the army is short of its proper strength. Eight years in ranks; 5 years in reserves. Liable for 30 years if called; 20 to 50 years of age; no voluntary enlistments. Compulsory, but conscription is not put into operation and army is aboilt one- half nominal strength. Compulsory from 18 to 46 years of age. Militia; liable to service from 18 to 60 years of age. Compulsory from 18 to 45 years of age; 1 year with colors; 9 years first reserve; remainder, second reserve. All able-bodied men liable; has about 5,000 men, some of whom work on roads. All between 18 and 50 years of age may be required to serve; has about 1,000. Army is a national militia; all liable from 18 to 38 years of age; generally called at 22, serving 8 years with army and 8 years with reserve. Compulsory from 18 to 32 years of age in army and from 32 to 45 years of age in national guard. 32 PAY OF OFFICEKS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. Character of service in foreign armies — Continued. Coxintry. Character of service. England France Germany. . . Greece Italy Japan Mexico Montenegro. Nettierlands Norway Paraguay... Persia Peru Portugal Roumania.. Russia Servia Spain Sweden Switzerland . Turkey Voluntary; 7 years in ranks, 5 years in reserve; 80,000 recruits required annually but only about 60,000 obtained. In 1905 the army was composed as follows: 194,745 English, 20,388 Scotch, 27,785 Irish, 9,271 bom in India and the col- onies, 557 foreigners, 2,002 not reported. Compulsory and universal to fullest extent, from 20 to 45 years of age; 2 years in army, 11 years in first reserve; remainder of time in territorial reserve. Compulsory and universal, from 17 to 45 years of age. Compulsory and universal; is in a state of transition. Compulsory and universal; modeled after Germany. Compulsory and universal; from 17 to 40 years of age. Voluntary for periods of 3, 4, and 5 years, supplemented by conscription which falls on poorer classes. Tribal militia. A modified militia, partly voluntary, partly compulsory. A national militia; service compulsory and universal from 18 to 50 years of age. Has about 1,000 men as internal police. Oriental type, irregularly recruited. Has 4,000 men; is reorganizing under French oflQcers. Recruited by conscription, not universal; exemption can be purchased; con- scripts join at 20 years of age and serve as follows: 3 years in ranks, 5 years in first reserve, 7 years in second reserve. Compulsory and universal; liable from 21 to 46 years of age; 3 years in army, 6 years in reserve of active army, etc. Compulsory and universal; liable from 21 to 43 years of age. Compulsory and universal; liable from 18 to 50 years of age; recruits gener- ally join at 21. Compulsory by conscription; exemption may be purchased; service is 6 years— 3 years with colors, 3 years with reserve; alter this, second reserve. In state of transition; partly voluntary enlistments, partly feudal militia. Militia, compulsory and universal; small portion permanent. Theoretically compulsory on Moslems; is being Europeanized. Exhibit D. COMPARATIVE SALE PRICES OF SUBSISTENCE STORES FOR NOVEMBER, 1899, AND NOVEMBER, 1907, AND THE PER CENT OF INCREASE DURING THE NINE YEARS: 1907. Increase. Apples can. Apples, evaporated pound- Bacon, breakfast do . . . Bacon, issue do. . . Baking powder do. . . Beef, fresh do . . . Beef, corned can. Beef, sliced do. . . Beans, white pound. Beans, baked can . Butter pound . Cheese, American do. . . Chocolate, plain do. . . Cinnamon, ground do. . . Cloves, ground do . . . Cocoa, breakfast do . . . Coffee, green do . . . Coffee, roasted and green do. . . Corn, green can. Com meal pound . Flour, issue do . . . Flour, family do. . . Ham, sugar cured do . . . Hominy, ground package . Jelly, currant can. Lard, 5-pound do. . . Milk, malted bottle . Macaroni pound . Mushrooms can . Nutmegs pound . Oatmeal package . a Earliest record, 1903. Cents. 8.5 8 11.47 8.19 35 5.67 15§ «14J 2.23 51 24 11.8 25.4 65 22 a 31 8.75 13 ^ 1.5 2.16 2.3 13 4.6 27 33J 36.5 4.5 19 45.5 6.25 Cents. 10.84 10.84 20 12.53 37.6 6.33 24.79 20 3.1 9.5 30 16 31 85 40 36.7 11.5 17.7 8.5 1.97 2.75 2.89 18 5.24 33§ 67.5 56.66 6 22.5 62 8.7 Per cent. 27i 31 74 53 07 Hi 58: 25 36 22 31 80 15 33 36 34 31 27 25J 38i 16 23 100 58 33 13 36 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 33 Comparative sale prices of subsistence stores, 6ic.— Continued. 1907. Increase. Olive oil .bottle. Olives do . . . Onions pound . Paper, toilet package. Peaches can. Peaches, evaporated pound. Peas, American can. Peas, split pound. Pepper, black do. . . Pickles, cucumber gallon. Pickles, gherkins bottle. Potatoes, fresh pound. Prunes do . . . Rice do . . . Sardines can. . . Salmon .^. do . . . Syrup, maple -*I do. . . Soap, laundry pound . Starch, corn do . . . Starch, laundry do. . . Tapioca do. . . Tea, E. B do. . . Tomatoes can. Towels, buck number. Toweling yard. Vinegar gallon. Cents. 45 37.5 1.5 5 20 8 8.25 1.94 16.75 o 16.49 20 0.98 51 4.6 15 7.95 37.5 2.93 5.81 5 5.37 54 1? 7.25 9.75 Cents. 50 55 1.97 6 26.7 13.8 12.75 3.28 20 30 28 1.47 6.6 6.55 24 13.2 63.25 4.29 7.4 7 8.75 63 9.25 26.25 9.75 14.75 Per cent. 11 46 31 20 33i 72§ 54 69 19 82 40 33 23 42 60 40 27 40 62 16 34i 54 34 51 a Earliest record, 1903. Exhibit E. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PAY OF ENLISTED MEN IN BRITISH AND AMERICAN ARMIES. [From Maj. John H. Beacom, military attach^, London, England, No. 437, date February 17, 1905.] In America one frequently hears it asserted that ' ' the American soldier is the best- paid soldier in the world, " and in support of that assertion the pay of a private of infan- try in various armies is generally stated to be about as follows: United States $13. 00 Great Britain 7. 14 Germany 2. 50 France 1. 70 Austro-Hungary ' 73 Japan .60 Russia 12 It is an old saying that figures can not lie, but it is not a true one. If the above figures are to be taken literally (and it is evidently the intention of those who publish them without remark that they should be taken literally), we must conclude that the American soldier is about twice as well off as the British soldier, and about twenty-two times as well off as the Japanese. In other words, the condition of the Japanese soldier is as much inferior to that of the American soldier as the condition of the American soldier would be to that of the Japanese if the latter got $281 gold per month. No allowance is made for the difference in purchasing power of the gold dollar in these various countries; and no notice is taken of the fact that in Great Britain and America military service is voluntary, while in the other countries it is compulsory, and that therefore no comparisons, as regards pay, can properly be made between these two groups. To publish the above figures without comment may assist recruiting in America, but it is not quite fair to the enlisted men nor to the people generally. Whether military service in any particular country should be voluntary or com- pulsory is not a question of morals, but of necessity. It is the undoubted right, and perhaps it is the duty, of the State to require the children of the country to attend the public schools, that they may be better prepared as individuals to earn a living and to do something to enhance the prosperity and the power of the State. But no- body expects the State to pay the children while attending the school. 18386—07 3 u PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AKMY. It may be necessary, in order to complete the education of the individual and to insure the preservation of the State, to supplement the training of the schools with a period of military training, and if so, the members of this training school should not expect to receive pay from the State, at least not as much as they could earn in civil pursuits. The countries above enumerated, with the exception of the United States and Great Britain, are of this class, and the pay of the soldier undergoing his training in the great national school must not be looked upon as a full wage, but rather as a gratuity to meet some of his small wants, which in the earlier periods of his training were met by his parents. PAY OP THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH SOLDIER COMPARED. The only soldier, then, with whom the American soldier should be compared as regards to pay is the British soldier. But it is not easy to say just what the pay of the British soldier is, as it is made up of regimental pay, good-conduct pay, service pay, etc. Good-conduct pay, under certain conditions, merges into service pay, and service pay varies according to the "efficiency" rating of the man. To simplify the problem, I shall use the figures which the experts have arrived at as " a fair average. ' ' In considering the pay of privates in the two armies, I shall first consider the first two years of service, as this is looked upon in both services as a species of apprentice- ship. Then I shall consider the third year, as the first increment of pay in both services begins with this year. ^ I shall assume that the corporals are in the fourth year of service, sergeants in the sixth, first sergeants in the eighth, and regimental quartermaster-sergeants and ser- geant-majors in the tenth year of service, which I believe to be fair. I shall take into consideration only the infantry, cavalry, and artillery, but as they constitute the great bulk of the army it can not be said that our conclusions are drawn from narrow premises. The great majority of recruits for these three arms are drawn from the same class of labor, the unskilled labor; but if we were to consider the special -service corps we would have to enter, to a certain extent, into the field of skilled labor, which would complicate the investigation without modifying in any great measure the conclusions to be drawn from our data. After ascertaining the facts concerning the pay of the above classes of enlisted men we will be prepared to determine the real question involved, viz. , Which is the better oft in comparison with men of his class in his own country in civil life, the American or the British soldier? It is generally believed, both in Great BritainandAmerica, that the American soldier is very much better paid than the British soldier, and it seems a little remarkable in face of the facts that we shall array against this belief that the truth of it should never have been questioned. Monthly pay of enlisted men of infantry, cavalry, and artillery. United States. Great Britain. British currency. United States currency. Privates, first and second year of service. Infantry : o Regimental pay first year ^. Regimental pay second year Deferred pay first and second years, received on discharge Total Average monthly pay first and second year Cavalry ,& calculated as above Artillery,c calculated as above $156.00 156.00 £ s. d. 15 19 6 18 5 2 312.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 36 4 6 1 10 2 1 15 3 1 18 5 $7.34 8.58 9.34 Average monthly pay of these services for first and second years d. 13.00 1 11 11 7.76 a This is for the infantry of the line. The guards get better pay. The pay for the first yearis given in the pay tables as the same as for the second year, but as 3d per day is deducted for groceries during first six months, I have deducted this amount from his pay. b This is for cavalry of the line. Household cavalry get much better pay. c This is for garrison, mountain, and field artillery. Horse artillery get better pay. d Calculated on basis of 7 infantrymen to 1 cavalryman and 2 artillerymen. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 35 Monthly pay of enlisted men of infantry, cavalry, and artillery — Continued. United States, British currency. Great Britain. United States currency. Privates, third year of service. Infantry: Regimental pay Service pay a Deferred pay (on discharge) Total Monthly pay third year . . Cavalry, calculated as above. , Artillery, calculated as above. Average. Corporals, fourth year of service. Infantry, calculated as above. Cavalry, calculated as above. . Artillery, calculated as above. Average. Sergeants, sixth year of service. Infantry, calculated as above. Cavalry, calculated as above. Artillery, calculated as above. First sergeants, eighth year of service, b Infantry, calculated as above. Cavalry, calculated as above. . Artillery, calculated as above. Average Regimental quartermaster-sergeants, tenth year of service. Infantry, calculated as above. Cavalry, calculated as above. . Artillery, calculated as above. Average Regimental sergeant-majors, tenth year of service. Infantry, calculated as above Cavalry, calculated as above Artillery, calculated as above Average. $68.00 £ s. d. 18 5 7 12 1 10 168.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 26 17 1 2 4 9 2 9 10 2 11 1 14.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 3 7 7 3 17 8 4 12 11 17.00 3 13 8 23.00 23.00 23.00 4 8 10 4 19 4 14 11 30.00 30.00 30.00 9 2 9 8 19 7 30.00 5 19 4 40.00 40.00 40.00 6 19 7 7 9 8 7 4 7 40.00 7 1 7 40.00 40.00 40.00 9 10 19 11 15 2 40.00 8 15 10 $10.89 12.13 12.43 11.31 16.44 18.90 22.61 17.92 21.61 24.09 23.09 26.57 36.42 33.96 29.04 33.96 36.42 34.45 34.45 41.33 43.78 47.48 42.79 a Service pay is issued to men of 2 or more years' service who have enlisted or extended for more than 3 years' service with the colors. The daily rates are: Class I, efl&cients, 6d; Class II, eflBcients, 4d, with an additional Id for good conduct after 5 years' total service. In these calculations the rate has been taken at 5d. b The first sergeant of a company of infantry, British service, is called color sergeant; of a squadron of cavalry, and battery of artillery, sergeant-major. c Warrant officer in British service. We will now assemble these results so as to get a bird's-eye view of them: Regimental sergeant-majors Regimental quartermaster-sergeants First sergeants Sergeants Corporals Privates, third year Privates, first and second year United States. $40.00 40.00 30.00 23.00 17.00 14.00 13.00 Great Britain. British currency. £ s. d. 8 15 10 7 17 5 19 4 4 14 11 3 13 8 2 6 6 1 11 11 United States currency. $42.79 34.45 29.04 23.09 17.92 11.31 7.76 36 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. These are the facts concerning pay, but as the soldiers of the two countries do not compete with each other as regards pay, but each competes with the class of labor from which he comes, we are not prepared to say which is the better off until we determine the relative advantages and disadvantages of the unskilled laborer in the two countries. To do this we must consider two things: (1) The wages paid unskilled laborers in Great Britain and America; (2) the purchasing power of a unit of gold in these two countries. This leads to many calculations and to much trouble, but as these are important steps in the discussion, I deem it necessary to sketch briefly the method followed, even at the risk of becoming tiresome. EARNING POWER. The various publications of the London Board of Trade and of the Bureau of Labor, Washington, give pretty complete data relating to wages and hours of labor, prepared by the labor experts in the two countries, and I conclude from a comparative study of these data that — The earning power of unskilled labor in Great Britain is to the earning power of unskilled labor in America as 3 is to 5. The ratio 3 to 5 is based on "wages per hour," but if it were based on ''weekly earn- ings" it would be still higher, as the American laborer works more hours j)er week than the British laborer. If it were skilled labor we were considering, this ratio would be higher still. PURCHASING POWER. As regards the purchasing power of a unit of gold in Great Britain and America for those things that may be regarded by the unskilled laborer as necessities, the data at hand are so incomplete that it is even more difficult to demonstrate the relative pur- chasing power than the relative earning power, but my conclusion is that the purchas- ing power of a unit of gold in America when applied to workingmen's wants is greater than in Great Britain and consequently that the "cost of living" is less. It is generally assumed that the cost of living in America, even for the laborer, is more than it is in Great Britain, but this is a mistake. It is true that the American laborer spends more than the British laborer, but that is not due to a difference in the cost of the articles in the two countries but to the difference in the scale of living adopted by the two men. For the purpose of making comparisons, the "cost of living" is usually taken to be the aggregate cost of food, rent, clothing, and fuel and li^ht, and in the calculations each IS given a "weight" in accordance with its relative importance, determined by average consumption. The "weights" used in these calculations are shown below: Weight in- Great Britain. The United States. Food 7 2 2 1 6.8 Rent 2.2 Clothing . . 2.2 Fuel and light .8 Total 12 12.0 Food. — In the calculations concerning food, only the following items are considered: Bread and flour, meat (including beef, mutton, pork, veal, and sausage), bacon, fresh milk, cheese, butter, tea, and sugar. The retail prices of these articles in Great Britain and America, expressed in Ameri- can cents and the weights given them in the United States, are shown below: Price in- Weight in the United States. Great Britain. United States. Bread and flour Meat pound.. . .do 2.68 16.47 16.67 6.16 15.66 26.02 45.00 4.42 2.46 13.40 12.47 6.10 16.38 24.56 50.00 5.87 11 30 Bacon do.... 5 Fresh milk Cheese Butter quart.. pound.. do 8 1 11 Tea do.... 2 Sugar do 6 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ABMY. 37 The British weights should differ slightly from the American, but apparently they have not been determined. The conclusion to be drawn from the above prices and weights is that if the food of a British laborer costs him 100, that of the American will cost him only 89. Rentals. — It is scarcely possible to make comparisons between the rentals in the two countries, and I do not attempt to do so, but it is probable that a "unit of house accommodation" would cost a little more in America than in Great Britain. Clothing. — It is also difficult to arrive at a definite conclusion on the subject of clothing, but it is probable that a ''unit of clothing power" costs a little more in America than in Great Britain. Fuel and light. — The relative cost of fuel and light is more nearly determinable and the conclusion is that the American laborer pays a little less for a "unit of fuel and light" (weight for fuel being 5 and for light 1) than the British laborer pays. The relative cost of food as shown above is as 100 is to 89, and I believe the relative cost of the other items in the "cost of living" is fairly expressed by the "weights" given to these in Great Britain and America, namely: Rent in Great Britain 2, in America 2.2; clothing in Great Britain 2, in America 2.2; fuel and light in Great Britain 1, in America 0.8. With this assumption we are able to arrive jat the following conclusions: The cost of living in Great Britain is to the cost of living in America as 10 is to 9. As this article is intended for American consumption, I shall convert the pay of the British soldier, treating it as wages, into what would be its American equivalent, were he serving in America and competing with the American instead of the British laborer. To do this, I use the multiplier 5/3 deducted from a comparison of the earning power of the unskilled laborer in the two countries. The result as shown below expresses in cold figures the relative advantages of the two services as regards pay or wages: Pay of United States sol- dier. American equivalent of pay of British soldier. Regimental sergeant-majors Regimental quartermaster-sergeants, First sergeants Sergeants Corporals Privates, third year Privates, first year $40.00 40.00 30.00 2a 00 17.00 14.00 laoo $71. 35 57.45 4a 40 38.50 29.90 1&85 12.95 But we have yet to apply to the above figures, expressing the American equivalent of the pay of the British soldier, our conversion factor 10/9 in order to determine the purchasing power of these amounts, assuming that they were to be spent in America instead of in Great Britain. The resulting columns of figures express mathematically the financial condition of the two soldiers after "earning power" and "purchasing power" in the two countries have been introduced into the pay tables with which we started. Financial condition of- American soldier. British soldier. Regimental sergeant-majors Regimental quartermaster-sergeants, First sergeants Sergeants , Corporals Privates, third year Privates, first year Is there any longer any doubt as to which is the better off in comparison with men of his class in his own country in civil life? 38 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. COMMENT. These figures, unlike those with which we started, tell the truth. I do not claim that it is the exact truth, for of the infinite number of facts that enter into a problem of this character we have only considered a few; but the ones we have chosen are the domi- nant ones. The man who may wish to make a better showing for the American soldier than I have made may take exception to some of the above data. For instance, he may point out that all British soldiers do not get service pay in the third year. That is so; but all long-service men, if efficient, get it, and none but long-service men are now being enlisted, and all short-service men (three-year men) who elect to extend their service, get it if efficient. Whether a short-term man draws it or not depends on his willing- ness to extend his service and on his efficiency. About one-half of the army now draw it, and under present arrangements the percentage of men drawing service pay will continue to increase. If we were to take an average, it would reduce the pay of the third year from $18.85, as above stated, to $16.31. Under certain circumstances a British soldier is charged for medical treatment, whereas the American soldier gets free treatment under all circumstances, even when the illness is due to his own fault. But this is an indefinite quantity and does not amount to much in the aggregate and has not been included in the calculations. It may be claimed that as the majority of the soldiers are not married men we should not have considered the cost of living, because the soldier's food, house, clothing, and fuel and light are all provided for him, and consequently that his pay should not have been considered as wages, but as savings. This is partially true; but as a good many of the soldiers are married the cost of living has been included in the calculations. It may also be argued that in determining the cost of living the rents and cost of clothing in America have been put too low. It may be; but if so, then the error (if it be an error) made by including the cost of living would be correspondingly diminished. I do not think it will be claimed that any readjustment of rentals and cost of living would be sufficient to put the cost of living in America higher than it is in Great Britain; so whether we include or exclude the cost of living will not alter the general conclusion. Another claim that might be advanced is the usual one that the American soldier is better fed, better housed, and better clothed (not better dressed) than the British soldier of equal rank, and in these respects I think he has a little the best of it. But the food and clothing and shelter in both services are supposed to be sufficient, and to be suited to the climatic conditions under which the men serve, and if we compare the food, shelter, and clothing of the two soldiers with the food, clothing, and shelter of men of their own class in civil life we will not find that either has any great advantage over the other. On the other hand, the man who wishes to make a better showing for the British soldier than I have made may invite attention to the fact that the British foot and horse guards, who are highly paid, have not been included in the calculations, and he may argue that if these and the horse artillery, the engineers, and the hospital corps had been included, a much better showing would have been made for the British soldier. He may invite attention to the fact that all warrant officers are allowed to marry; that 50 per cent of the sergeants and from 3 to 7 per cent of the lower grades are allowed to marry, and that the families of married soldiers are allowed barrack accommodations or lodging allowances, and that when the emergencies of the service require the separa- tion of a married soldier from his family, a separation allowance is granted to them (his wife and each girl under 16 and boy under 14) varying according to the status of the soldier. He may quote the British regulations to show that it is not necessary for the soldier to serve the very long period of thirty years, as he must do in the American Army, before he is entitled to pension for length of service, but that he acquires such right after twenty-one years. Other things — many other things — ^both pro and con might be brought forward, but they would not alter the conclusion that we are forced to draw from the above figures, namely, that the American soldier is the worst paid volunteer soldier in the world. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 39 Exhibit F. RATES OF PAY OF THE POLICE FORCE OF VARIOUS CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND CUBA, AND THE INCREASES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE THEREIN IN RECENT YEARS. 1832: New York City, N. Y. 1843: Captains per night . Assistant captains do . . . Watchmen do. . . \: 12 captains do . . . 24 assistant captains do. . . 976 watchmen do. . . 1853: 20 captains. •-. per annum . 40 lieutenants do . . . 79 sergeants and policemen do . . . Doormen do... 1864: 32 captains do. . . 120 sergeants do. . . 1,692 patrolmen do. . . 64 doormen do. . . 1880: Captains do . . . Sergeants do. . . Patrolmen — Third grade .do Second grade do. . . First grade do. . . 1884: Captains do Sergeants do. . . Patrolmen — Third grade do Second grade .' do First grade do 1907: Captains do . . . Lieutenants do . . . Sergeants do. . . Patrolmen — Seventh grade do. . . Sixth grade do. . . Fifth grade do... Fourth grade do. . . Third grade do Second grade do. . . First grade do. . . $1.87 1.50 LOO 2.25 1.75 1.00 1, 000. 00 800. 00 700.00 600.00 1, 500. 00 1, 200. 00 1, 000. 00 800.00 1, 800. 00 1, 250. 00 800.00 900. 00 1, 000. 00 2, 000. 00 1, 600. 00 1, 000. 00 1, 100. 00 1, 200. 00 2,750.00 2, 000. 00 1, 500. 00 800.00 900.00 1,000.00 1, 150. 00 1, 250. 00 1, 350. 00 1, 400. 00 Retirements. — After twenty-five years' service, if 55 years of age, one-half rate of compensation; after twenty years' service, on certificate of surgeons (physical dis- ability) one-half rate of compensation; for physical disability (in performance of duty), if less than twenty years' service, not more than one-half rate of compensation. 40 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Washington, D. C. 1861. 1871. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1907. $1,740 $2,610 $2,610 $3,320 $3,320 $4,000 2,500 1,800 1 500 Assistant superintendent 1,500 1,800 1,320 1,140 1,500 1,800 1,320 1,140 Captain 1,200 840 780 720 1,800 1,380 1,290 1,200 1,800 1,200 1,140 Lieutenant 1,320 1,250 Private. . . . Private, class 1 900 1,080 900 1,080 900 1,080 900 Private, class 2 1,080 1,200 Private, class 3 Members of the force are required to furnish their own uniforms, costing $14.65 for summer wear and $32.95 for winter. They must also furnish helmets at $2.50 each, and mounted men their own horses, with $240 a year extra pay for forage and keep. Montreal, Quebec. Chief of police per annum . . $3, 500 Quartermaster do l^ 600 Inspectors do 1, 600 Captains do 850 Lieutenants do 800 Constables, first year do 600 Constables, second and third years do 650 Constables, over three years' service do 700 Patrol sergeants do 775 Chief of detectives do 2, 750 Sergeant of detectives do 1, 400 Detectives, first class do 1, 025 Detectives, second class do 925 Patrol operators do 750 Matron do 520 Chicago, III. 1884. 1903. 1906. $1,000 $1,100 $1,200 New Orleans, La. 1905. 1907. Captains.. Sergeants. Corporals. Patrolmen $1,000 840 720 $1,320 780 720 $1,320 840 780 Kansas City, Mo. 1897. 1907. Chief of police Inspector, who is chief of detectives Captains Lieutenants Detectives Sergeants Patrolmen Probationary patrolmen $3,000 $3,000 1,800 2,400 1,200 1,500 1,080 1,200 960 1,080 960 1,080 900 960 720 720 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Baltimore, Md. 41 1857. 18G4. 1865. 1907. All patrolmen per week. . $10 $14 $18 $20 In 1850 watchmen received $1.75 per night, and day police $500 per annum. iV. Y. 1863. 1865. 1880. 1889. 1896. Captain . $600 500 $800 700 $1,100 800 $1,200 900 $1,400 900 In 1896 three grades of patrolmen were established: First grade at $900, second grade at $800, and the third grade at $720 per annum. Billis pending to increase salaries. St. Louis, Mo. Policemen per month.. $36.00 $75.00 $83.33 $90.00 1854. 1887. Pittsburg, Pa. ' 1854. 1878. 1887. 1903. Watchmen per night. . per day. . $1.00 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 About the year 1895 the council passed an ordinance increasing the pay of patrolmen $30 a year in addition to their regular pay, for pension-fund purposes; in 1906 this amount was increased to $50 per year. An ordinance passed this spring grants a two weeks' vacation to each patrolman with pay. Newark, N. J. 1863. 1907. Chief Captain Lieutenant or sergeant. Round sergeant or roundsman . Detective sergeant Detective Patrolman First year Second year Third year Fourth year Per year. $1,000.00 950.00 800.00 Per day. 1.87i 1.87i 1.62J Per year. $3,000.00 2,400.00 1,400.00 1,300.00 1,400.00 1,300.00 900.00 1,000.00 1,100.00 1,200.00 San Francisco, Cal. Prior to 1900. 1900. Captain I)er month. . ' $150 Lieutenant do - 140 Detective sergeant do ' 125 Patrol sergeant do i 125 Corporal do i 115 -Patrolman do ' 100 i $200 140 150 125 115 100 There is a proposition before the people, to be voted on this coming election, which, if carried, will raise lieutenants to $160 and sergeants to $140. 42 PAY OF OFFICEKS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Havana, Cuba. Chief of police per month. Assistant to the chief of police do . . . Adjutant to the supervisor do . . . Adjutant to the chief do . . . Secretary do. . . Auditor do . . . Lieutenant, instructor of recruits do. . . Lieutenant, second assistant to the chief do . . . Lieutenant, paymaster do . . . Lieutenant, assistant auditor do. . . Captains in command of police stations do. . . Lieutenants on duty at stations do . . . Serjeants do. . . Policemen, first class do. . . Policemen, second class do. . . Policemen, third class do. . . Urban guards, mounted do . . . Urban guards, dismounted do. . . Boston, Mass. $400.00 250. 00 200. 00 200. 00 175. 00 175. 00 150. 00 150. 00 150. 00 150. 00 150. 00 150. 00 83.00 60.00 55.00 52.50 44.00 39.90 1857-58. 1867-68. 1877-78. 1887-88. 1897-98. 1906-7. Patrolmen Per day. $2.00 2.50 Per day. $3.00 3.50 3.25 Per day. $3.00 Per annum. $1,000-$1,200 Per annum. $1,000-$1,200 Per annum. $1,000-$1,200 Detectives Sergeants 3.25 3.50 4.00 1,400 1,600 2,000 1,400 1,600 2,000 1,400 Lieutenants 1,600 2,500 Captains 4.00 At present patrolmen get $1,000 for the first, $1,100 for the second, and $1,200 for their third and sub- sequent years of service, while reservemen get in the first year $2 per day, $2.25 in the second, and $2.50 in the third and subsequent years. Milwaukee, Wis. Prior to 1887. 1887. 1893. 1907. Patrolmen per month. . $66.66 $58.33 66.66 75.00 $70.00 80.00 $80.00 Second year and thereafter . do . . 80.00 Third year and thereafter do 90.00 Sixth year and thereafter do 95.00 Indianapolis, Ind. 1875. 1879. 1891. 1907. Policemen jjer day. $1.75 $2.00 $2.25 $2.50 An ordinance is now being considered which, if passed, will increase the salary to $2.75 per day. Louisville, Ky. Patrolman per day. . $2. 25 $2. 50 1897. 1907. Cleveland, Ohio. 1866. 1877. 1887. 1897. 1907. Patrolman: First year... Second year. Third year.. Fourth year . Fifth year... .per year. do... do... do... do... $800 $825 $840 1,000 $780 840 900 960 1,000 $780 840 1,104 ► PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 43 Exhibit G. RATES OF PAY OF SKILLED AND OTHER LABORERS IN THE GOVERNMENT EMPLOY AND INCREASES THEREIN IN RECENT YEARS. EMPLOYEES OP THE UNITED STATES ENGINEER DEPARTMENT ON RIVER, HARBOR, AND FORTIFICATION WORK. Seattle, Wash. Laborers, common -per day. Laborers, skilled drk,Castner Electrolytic Co., Niagara Falls, N.Y. Brakeman, Louisville and Nashville Rwy., Louis- ville, Ky. $70 to $90 per month. $3.50 per day. $60 per month. $80 per month. Do. $3 to $4 i)er day. $70 to $90 per month. Do. $90 per month. $75 per month. $80 to $100 per month. Of the above, 3 purchased their discharge; only 4 are known to have had experi- ence in the work which they are now doing, showing that there is a large demand for unskilled men of excellent character at wages about as above. It is probable that there are many other men who have been discharged from the company during this time who are doing as well, but trace of them has been lost in the company and it is not known what their occupations are. In the last sixteen months the strength of this company has dwindled down from its authorized number of 65 to 22 men — not more than 8 of those who have gone out are known to have reenlisted, and most of them declared their intention of entering civil life on account of its superior inducements. During the fall, winter, and spring of 1906-7 it was impossible to get more than 15 to 20 men out for drills and practice marches, and en route to and at the encampment of the Fourth Brigade, National Guard of New York, at Farnham, N. Y., during the month of August, 1907, there were only 13 men present with the company. It was a standing joke in the camp of the National Guard that "there was a company of regu- lars over there made up of two first sergeants and a cook." At a street parade in Buffalo, N. Y., September 6, 1907, in connection with the "Old Home Week" celebration, the company was composed of three skeleton squads, 10 men of other organizations being temporarily assigned to render this formation possible. During the fall and winter of 1906 the intervals between guard tours for privates seldom exceeded four days; occasionally^ only three nights off guard were had during this time, and during the present month it has been necessary to place a man on guard with an interval of but two nights. There have been insufficient men (when guard details, extra and special duty men, etc., have been subtracted) to properly cultivate the company garden, police the bar- racks and grounds in a satisfactory manner, or to supply kitchen police at times. Fourteenth Infantry, Vancouver Barracks, Wash. Since the 1st of January, J907, the following-named men have been discharged from the Fourteenth Infantry and taken positions at rate of pay set opposite their names: Name. A. F. Johnson. J. T. Rector. . . G. Schelander. E. H. Demony M. W. Shaw... S. E. Olsen W. E. Dobbs.. J. Meyer A. M. Woods.. E. H. Tanner. J. Nelson A. Grogan W. F. Clopton. M. Heath Com- pany. Discharge obtained by- Expiration of service. . do ....do ..-.do ....do do do Purchase do General court-martial . do Expiration of service. . do do Position. Railroad telegrapher. . . Machinist helper Timber faller Express driver Saw setter Teamster Sawyer Express driver Fireman Clerk Sawmill Teamster Street-car conductor Fireman Pay. $100 per month. $3.50 per day. $4.50 per day. $75 per month. $3 per day. $2.75 per day. $3 per day. $75 per month. $3 per day. $125 per month. $3 per day. Do. $80 per month. $125 per month. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 79 Fourteenth Infantry, Vancouver Barracks, Wash. — Continued. Names. Com- pany. Discharge obtained by- Position. Pay. F. G. Rucker D D F G G G G G H H I I L L L L K M M M M Expiration of service do $75 per month. $80 per month. $3 per day. $75 per month. D. L. McCabe Street-car conductor. . . Laborer, brickyard Bartender S. L. Walker Purchase C. Van Riper. . . . .do J. H. Puryear do N. Steele .do Bridge workman Do. J. E. McCain do $65 per month. $75 per month. $85 per month and board. $100 per month. $110 per montlj. $3.50 per day. $4 per day. $90 per month. $75 per month. $4.40 per day. $2.50 per day. $75 per month. Do E. Custer do Bridge workman Cook L. Kurtz do .. D. C. Coleman Expiration of service Bridge worker H. Dressen L. L. Hughes do Lineman J. W. Ware Expiration of service Laborer, shingle mill. . . C. Abbott F. Hembree do Street-car conductor S. S. Sampson Disability Wra. Sullivan Purchase Teamster O.H. Dederick J. G. Brann Expiration of service do Fire department, Port- land, Oreg. do J. R. Hopkins Clerk Do. L.Morrison do... Bartender $3 per day. The above is only a partial list of men discharged, but all of those whose present occupations are known. Twenty-first Infantry, Fort Logan, Colo. The following-named enlisted men of Company L, Twenty-first Infantry, were dis- charged by purchase and expiration of service: Private John R. Williams, discharged by purchase (par. 6, Special Orders, No. 139, Headquarters Department Colorado, December 17, 1906) on December 23, 1906, to accept position with Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, Denver, Colo., as boilermaker's helper, at $2.25 per day; did not care to remain in the service. Private John C. Shaw, discharged by purchase (par. 5, Special Orders, No. 141, Head- quarters Department Colorado, December 19, 1906) on December 23, 1906, to accept employment as fireman, Kansas City, Kans., at $2.75 per day and board; did not care to remain in the service. Private Earnest E. Sanders, discharged by purchase (par. 4, Special Orders, No. 141, Headquarters Department Colorado, December 19, 1906) on December 23, 1906, to accept position as barkeeper at $3 per day, Denver, Colo.; did not care to remain in the service. Private Jasper Shockley, discharged by purchase (par. 6, Special Orders, No. 141, Headquarters Department Colorado, December 19, 1906) on December 23, 1906; farmer, Billings, Mo.; did not care to remain in service. Corpl. Edward L. Honaker, discharged by purchase (par. 1, Special Orders, No. 3, Headquarters Department Colorado, January 9, 1907) on January 16, 1907, to accept position as laundry man, Littleton Steam Laundry, Littleton, Colo., at $2 per day; considers this more profitable, individually, than being tied up in the service. Musician Joseph Windmeisser, discharged per expiration term of service September 5, 1907, at Dorchester, Wis., accepted position with father as harnessmaker at $2.50 per day; going to remain out of service. Corpl. John Gustafson, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, to follow civil pursuits; does not think he will come into service again. Corporal Robert E. Sheehan, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, accepted position as clerk, in hotel office, Buffalo, N. Y., at $2.25 per day. Artificer Clayton G. Roby, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, accepted position as stovemolder, Evansville, Wis., at $2.50 per day; does very well in civil life. Private Albert Bisig, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, laborer in Syracuse, N. Y., at $1.75 per day; is going to remain out of the service. Private Howard O. Hall, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, accepted position as Pullman conductor with the Denver and Rio Grande Rail- road, Pullman Company, Denver, Colo.; can do much better in civil life. Private Gordon V. Lake, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, accepted position with dry goods company, Glen FaUs, W. Va., at $2 per day. 80 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Private Orton Ryan, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, accepted position as machinist, Cleveland, Ohio, at |3 per day; will try to remain out of the service. Private Phillip Sommerschue, discharged per expiration term of service September 15, 1907, accepted position as blacksmith's helper at $2 per day; will try to remain out of the service. Twenty-eighth Infantry, Matanzas, Cuba. Com. Sergt. J. J. Deeming, Twenty-eighth Infantry, was discharged June 28, 1907. He had proven himself to be an excellent clerk, honest, reliable, and intelligent, and, in short, was the kind of man we have been accustomed to find occupying regimental and post noncommissioned staff positions. I did my best to induce him to reenlist, but he believed that he could do better outside the Army and so went to Chicago. 1 had a letter from him recently in which he informs me that he has a position with the -T. E. Stubbs Contracting Company at $100 per month with a promise of an increase to $125 per month on January 1. He further stated that his work was very similar to that he had been doing here, but that he had much less money and prop- erty responsibility. The quartermaster at this station has a retired commissary-sergeant as a clerk in his office at a salary of $100 per month and $3 per day, or so much as necessary, for his board. Sitting at an adjoining desk in the same office and performing similar and rather more important work is the regimental quartermaster-sergeant, who receives $46.80 (20 per cent for foreign service), which, with rations, clothing, and quarters commuted at the established rate, would give him $62.50 per month. The packers with the pack train at this station receive $50 per month, a ration, and quarters, while the sergeant who marches the detachment to pack drill receives about $30 per month on the same basis. The teamsters, some of them natives, receive $40 per month, a ration, and quarters, while enlisted men on special duty who perform exactly the same duties and, in addi- tion, attend some drills, inspections, etc., receive not to exceed $25 per month. It has been found necessary to pay even common, ignorant natives $1 per day and a ration for the commonest kind of unskilled labor, which is more than any private in this command receives. Fourth Infantry, Fort Thomas, Ky. COMPANY L. Several men of this company have also asked for two or three months' furlough with the hidden motive of seeking employment which enabled them to get out of debt. The first sergeant of this company states that three men to his knowledge have recently paid off debts in this manner. Too much can not be said of the discontent caused by the present inequality of wages in the Army as compared with that in civil life. The day of easy-going, ignorant soldiery has passed. What the Army needs is brains in a strong, active body. These can not be secured when civilians can outbid us in the price of labor. Upon inquiry of the secretary of the Builders and Trades Exchange, Cincinnati, Ohio, I find that the cost of labor since the present army pay scale went into operation has nearly doubled. The cost of living has also correspondingly increased. The following wage scale of trades generally taken up by discharged soldiers was com- piled by Assistant Secretary Chas. B. Stevenson, Builders and Trades Exchange, for the district of Cincinnati, Ohio, and is submitted for comparison with the army scale of pay. Figuring upon an eight-hour day, the following classes of workmen earn per hour as follows: Masons, brick, 62^ to 69 cents; masons, stone, 54 cents; structural iron setters, 50 cents; ornamental iron setters, 50 cents; plasterers, 62^ cents; lathers, 50 cents; hoisting engineers, 50 cents; tile setters, 50 cents; plumbers, 60 cents to $1.25; steam fitters, 37^ cents; gas fitters, 37 J cents; carpenters, 50 cents; stonecutters, 45 cents; marble cutters and setters, 75 cents to $1.50; painters, 37^ cents; sheet-metal workers, 25 to 35 cents; electricians, 40| cents; roofers, 37^ cents; cement finishers, 40 cents; marble mosaic workers, 50 cents; and laborers and hod carriers, 37§ cents. The following wages are paid to ordinary patrolmen on the police force in Cincinnati, Ohio: First year, $900; second year, $960; third year, $1,020; fourth year, $1,100. ^ At the end of five years' service a policeman's salary compares favorably with that of a second lieutenant of the Army. PAY OF OFFICEES AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 81 During the last twenty-one months the following men have left the company: Discharged by purchase .- 8 Discharged 1 y expiration of service 9 Discharged l»y favor 1 Deserted 10 Total 28 Out of this number, as far as is known, 4 have reenlisted. The following may be said of some of the 14 men in good standing who have not returned to the service: Private Joseph Kahn, four years' service, certificate of merit, excellent character. Sergt. Frank Moyer, eight years' service, now foreman on railroad at nearly double the pay of the service. Corp. Louis Goulette, three years' service, excellent character, cigar maker, Cincinnati, Ohio. Corp. George J. Tilton, excellent character, and a model soldier, conductor on street car, Cin.unnati, Ohio, earning 20 cents per hour. Corp. Michael Kilgariff, an excellent noncommissioned officer, with nine years' service, now employed as a fireman, Newport and Covington pumping station, and earning $65 per month, with house rent, light,.and fuel. Private Christ J. Schuster, eight years' service, excellent character, good, steady, faithful soldier, now driver on beer wagon, Cincinnati, Ohio, at wages of $10 per week, with room and board. Private Robert Murdock, very good character, working in Cincinnati, Ohio. Private Nick Rollinger, five years' service, character good, now bottler for a liquor establishment, Cincinnati, Ohio, wages $12 per week. Private Walter H. Culver, excellent character, now teamster in quartermaster's department at this post; wages $40 per month with rations. Special attention is invited to the large percentage of noncommissioned officers who have accepted ordinary positions. It is believed that many of the desertions are due to the low wage scale of the Army as compared to that of civilians. Soldiers become dissatisfied, or get in debt, then desert. In several instances soldiers have, after desertion, paid debts to enlisted men of this company. This goes to show that they left the service in order to earn more money. COMPANY G. Herewith is an accurate list of the men formerly of this company who have pur- chased their discharge since the return of the regiment from the Philippines in July, 1905, with number of years of service and years of foreign service counting as double time toward retirement of each, also the positions which they are now holding and rate of pay. As these men were all of "excellent" character, several of whom were experienced noncommissioned officers, their loss was a detriment to the company and to the service. The fact that several of them having a number of years to retirement purchased their discharge and left the service is conclusive evidence, in my opinion, that they did not consider the pay and retired pay sufficient inducement to warrant their remaining in the service. That the majority of them now hold positions that pay far better than the Army would tend to prove them correct. No. Name. Tilford, George M Byar, Homer Veazey, Luther W Yageman, Max Goddard, Richard H. . Lee, Charles N Rubin, Harry L Bradshaw, Andrew M. Decker, John W . . Downer, Alfred Baker, Peter Thomas, Benjamin H. Elliott, Mayhew Armstrong, George... Lindsey, William T... Rank. Sergeant Private do Sergeant Private Sergeant Private do Sergeant Private Sergeant Private do Sergeant Private Service. Straight. Foreign. Total Years. 4 8 3 . 12 7 7 7 6 14 7 12J 15 4 7 Years. Years. 6 11 5 17 11 11 9 10 19 9 m 10 20 6 10 18386—07 6 82 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. COMPANY G-Continued. No. Position. Rate of pay per month. 1 Bank clerk $100 ? In business for himself 3 Employed by his father 4 Farming 5 Clerk in real estate office 80 6 TTnknown 7 Reenlisted 8 In business for himself q Foreman in car bams 80 in Conductor street railway 75 11 Railroading 75 1? Wholesale drug clerk 70 13 In business for himself 14 Playing professional ball 125 15 Reenlisted SIGNAL CORPS. , There are 12 enlisted men of the Signal Corps, U. S. Army, on the cable boat Cyrus W. Field, and have been since the boat went into commission three years ago; only two of these men have ever reenlisted and one of those soon bought himself out of the service. The rule is that as soon as these men begin to know something of their duties, they quit. Already in 1907 three men who have succeeded each other as first sergeant of the detachment have left the service. The present first sergeant is now making similar preparations; hence, the difficulty of carrying on technical work. Lack of pay as compared to civil life is the cause. On board the U. S. cable boat Cyrus W. Field there are 12 signal corps men who work in conjunction with the crew of the boat. Privates on the cable boat receive $17 per month, working alongside of men in corresponding rank in the crew who get $45 per month, and who are hard to get even at that price. The highest ranking non- commissioned officers receive $37 per month, who work alongside of men in correspond- ing rank of the crew who receive from $55 to $80 per month. The salary, both in cases of crew and enlisted men serving on board, is in addition to quarters and rations, as all men live on board the vessel. Names of enlisted men of Company E, Signal Corps, discharged by reason of purchase and per expiration of term of service for the period from September 1, 1906, to September SO, 1907. No. Name. Joseph A. Marrow . Thomas Williams George A. L. Genoway. CarlT. Hubbard George Shepard Fred E. Sleeth William H. Heast Edwin C. Bretzin Joseph M. Gurerin Jesse R. Blake Harry W. Chadwick. . . Willis O. Perry Guy E. Walker Frank C. Burkey Leroy D . AUaman . . . Clifton C. English.... Eber A. Fish Guy H. Bobbitt Peter A. Devine John A. Hummel William A. Glasheen. Rank. Sergeant. do Corporal First-class private do do Corporal First-class private do do Master signal electrician . First-class sergeant . Sergeant Corporal First-class private. . do do Private do do Expiration of service. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Purchase Expiration of service. ....do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Date of dis- charge. Aug. 24,1906 Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Sept. Nov. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Nov. Nov. Dec. Nov. Nov. Dec. 11,1906 4,1906 18,1906 15, 1906 12,1906 23,1906 5,1906 16,1906 29, 1906 22, 1906 4,1906 21,1906 1,1906 29,1906 26,1906 6,1906 16, 1906 24,1906 6,1906 28,1906 Length of serv- ice. Years. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 83 Names of enlisted men of Company E, Signal Corps, discharged by reason of purchase and per expiration of term of service for the period from September 1, 1906, to September 30, i907— Continued. No. Name. Rank. Reason. Date of dis- charge. Length of serv- ice. m Wade H. Glasscock First-class private Expiration of service. do Dec. 15,1906 Dec. 16,1906 Dec. 2, 1906 Nov. 6,1906 Nov. 23, 1906 Dec. 15,1906 Dec. 4, 1906 Dec. 25,1906 Jan. 11,1907 Feb. 18,1907 Jan. 11,1907 Feb. 2,1907 Feb. 12,1907 Jan. 1, 1907 Feb. 24,1907 Jan. 11,1907 Feb. 7,1907 ..,..do Years. 3 ?3 Archie V. Potter do 3 ?4 Claude E. Van Vorhis do.... do. 3 ?,5 Fred D. Longphre do do 3 % do .do 3 ?7 Jesse E. Garver Private. do 3 ?8 .do 6 W Frederick Kieber . .do do 13 30 Edward C. Latchem do do 3 31 Alvin H . Kendall Sergeant. . . . do . 6 3? Fred A. Cook do do 3 33 Glenn Young do .do 3 34 Charles W. H. Heideman . . . do do 3 35 Corporal do 3 36 Peter J. Benson . . First-class private .*• do 5 37 Alexander L. Wells do do 6 38 William Woemer do .do. 3 39 Edward C.Bell Private..'. do 6 40 do .do Jan. 6, 1907 Jan. 4, 1907 Jan. 25,1907 Feb. 25,1907 Jan. 5, 1907 Sept. 20, 1906 Feb. 10,1907 Feb. 2, 1907 Jan. 9, 1907 Jan. 5, 1907 Apr. 3, 1907 Mar. 19,1907 Apr. 13,1907 Feb. 22,1907 Apr. 15,1907 Apr. 27,1907 Mar. 17,1907 Mar. 11,1907 Mar. 10,1907 Mar. 11,1907 Apr. 29,1907 Mar. 7, 1907 Apr. 3, 1907 Mar. 12,1907 Mar. 4, 1907 Feb. 19,1907 Mar. 8, 1907 Mar. 10,1907 Mar. 14,1907 Mar. 7,1907 Mar. 18,1907 Mar. 7,1907 May 22,1907 May 19,1907 May 8,1907 June 17,1907 June 21,1907 May 3,1907 do 3 41 William C. McRay.. .do. do 3 49, Otto A. Dittman Corporal .do 3 43 Jay 0. Early . First-class private do 3 44 Ed.ward A. Godfrey do .do 3 45 Roscoe L. Oatley . . . -do. do 6 46 James H. Delaney Private .do 3 47 Walter H. Work do do 3 48 Richard S. Silence Purchase do 10 49 John M. Keys .do . 2 50 51 Walter L. Costenborder Wesley K. Carr First-class sergeant Sergeant do do Expiration of service. do do do. 6 6 52 53 Samuel S. V. Schermerhom . George Scott ^ 3 6 54 Robert W. Davis Corporal .. .do 3 5.5 James A. Andrews do do 3 56 Hugh Annis do .do 3 57 John A. Malterer do.... do 6 58 John M. Bratcher do .do 3 59 60 Ralph R. Carlander Thomas R. Carley First-class private do do do ... 3 3 61 Sidney L. Helms.. do.... do 3 62 63 64 George D. Hendrickson George W. Hunt Booker M. Kelly do do do do do do 3 3 3 65 Alvin Johnson do.... do 3 66 Thomas S. Mills do do 3 67 Kendall Read . do do 3 68 Emmet L. Harper do Purchase do 2 69 Arthur Rivett do.... 10 70 Maurice E. Stack do do 2 71 Claude L. Williams. do . . do 3 79. JohnH. Kirby Sergeant Expiration of service, do 7 73 Edward B. Barbee do 3 74 Frederick E. Dier. .do do g 75 Aron A. Backstrom do do g 76 Joe Davis Corporal do 7 77 Arthur C. Benack do 3 78 Thomas A. Penhale do .. do .. 3 79 Fred Schnieder do do May 10,1907 May 9, 1907 May 16,1907 June 10,1907 do 3 80 Charles E. Smith do do g 81 Claude Zeigler do do g 82 Edward W. Pagel Sergeant do 3 83 Edward A. Seeley do do 3 84 William Shaffer Corporal do June 9,1907 May 25,1907 May 27,1907 May 18,1907 May 27,1907 May 26,1907 May 25,1907 June 10,1907 June 21,1907 June 3, 1907 June 29,1907 June 21,1907 May 2,1907 do g 85 James J. White do -. do 9 86 Thomas J. Scoto do.... do 3 .87 Alfred E. Allen Fi rst-class pri vate .do 3 88 Charles J. Cronin do do 3 89 OttoB. Ehrig do -do 3 90 Sidney R. Miller do.... do 3 91 Peter E. Olson .• do .. do 3 92 Joseph H. Porter do do 3 93 Ira Rone do .. .do 3 94 Miner H. Whitney do. do 18 9.5 Wilford Dan vers Corporal Purchase..... do do g 96 Edward J. France First-class private. ; do 2 97 John Regan 3 84 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY, Names of enlisted men of Company E, Signal Corps, discharged by reason of purchase and per expiration of term of service for the period from September 1, 1906, to September 30, i907— Continued. No. Kama Rank. Reason. Date of dis- charge. Length of serv- ice. 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 Samuel H. Cable. Frederick M. Thompson. Elwyn Richardson John E.Ellis George H. Powell Elmer L. Burchell David W. Burger Ernest Cole ;.. Irwin D. Hammond Fred J. Mills Robert E. Powledge Cannon C. Shriver Floyd C. DeLap Harry B. Whittier Bernard A. Brannon MUo Trout. Sergeant. Corporal do do do First-class private. do ....do do do ....do ....do do do .do. .do. Expiration of service. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do do Favor Purchase Expiration of service. do July 27,1907 July 14,1907 Aug. 8,1907 July 1, 1907 Aug. 11,1907 Aug. 29,1907 Aug. 10,1907 Aug. 7,1907 do Aug. 4,1907 July 7, 1907 July 25,1907 July 3, 1907 Aug. 30,1907 Sept. 13, 1907 Sept. 22, 1907 Years. Of the above-named men 24 have reenlisted. These are divided as follows: Master signal electrician, 1; sergeants, first class, 4; sergeants, 8; corporals, 3; privates, first class, 5 in Signal Corps, 2 in line; privates, 1. Total, 22; in Signal Corps, 2 in line. Lengths of service of men reenlisted, by grades, as follows: Master signal electrician, twenty-four years; sergeants, first class, 3 of six years, 1 of thirteen years; sergeants, 3 of three years, 3 of six years, 1 of seven years, 1 of eight years; corporals, 1 of three years, 1 of six years, 1 of seven years; privates, first class, 3 of three years, 1 of six years, 1 of eighteen years; privates in line, 1 of three years, 1 of ten years; 1 private of three years. Of the above-enumerated men 1 first-class private (number 4 on main list) has since purchased his discharge. Those who reenlisted are numbers 2, 4, 11, 12, 15, 19, 28, 29, 35, 36, 50, 52, 53, 57, 60 (infantry), 69 (artillery), 72, 73 (remained out of service a short time before reenlist- ing), 74, 75, 76, 83, 87, and 94. Of those remaining out of service the following are known to be engaged in work or to have obtained work upon discharge as follows: No. 10, in San Francisco, at $100 per month. No. 18, as telegraph operator, at $80 per month. Nos. 21, 22, and 23, as operators, pay at least $80 per month. No. 30, in San Francisco, as electrician, $130 per month. No. 31, as operator, pay $90 per month. No. 51, operator, pay unknown, but at least $80 per month. No. 56, in San Francisco, as electrician, pay $150 per month. No. 70, in San Francisco, as operator, at $90 per month. No. 71, in San Francisco, as operator, at $85 per month. ■ No. 81, in ;§enicia, Cal., barkeeper, at $65 per month. No. 95, in Salt Lake City, with Southern Pacific Railway, at $90 per month, elec- trician. No. 97, fireman, Revenue-Cotter Service. No. 110, railway mail clerk. No. Ill, in San Francisco, as telegraph operator, at $85 per month. . Of those discharged and not accounted for in the immediately preceding list, the following are known to be expert telegraph operators and, probably, are engaged in telegraph work: Nos. 13, 16, 27, 35, 40, 41, 46, 48, 77, 78, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, and 113. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 85 Names of men of Company G, Signal Corps, who have purchased discharge during the past ten months to accept positions in civil life. Name. Position accepted. Pay per month. George H. Vandyke. Richard Frey William J. Varnes . . . Jacob Bernson Frank L. Hopkins. . . Willie HaU William A. Whitson. Alex. G. Cross Foreman, lumber company. Railroad telegrapher Draftsman, Panama do Pullman car conductor Railroad telegrapher do do $100 70 100 150 90 80 70 70 ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. Men discharged during past year from Springfield Armory, Springfield, Mass., are as follows: Name. Rank. Present occupation. Pay per month. Robert J Miller Second-class private Fire department $78.00 Richard N. Bolster do . . do 78.00 Owen Ruhe First-class private. .do 78.00 Noah E. Pooler .do do 82.50 Rial S Potter do . . Clerk 60.00 William H Stickler do Coachman 50.00 do . . 60.00 Tohn I Gallaeher do Carpenter . 78.00 .do 90.00 Charles F. Neipolt Second-class private. Teamster 60.00 The following are discharges by purchase since September, 1905, from Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, N. Y.: Name. Pay. Occupation. Martin Walsh $15 per week .... Concrete work. H. 0. Grotjohann do Mechanic. Edward Larkins $18 per week Rigger. F. A. Seither $2 per day Electrical work. Wm. McBride $15 per week Hotel work. Substitute letter t;arrier in Boston. John Sullivan $15 per week Grocery store. HOSPITAL CORPS. Men discharged since January 1, 1906, from the post hospital, Fort Leavenworth, Kans. : Name. Organization. Discharge ob- tained by- Position a,ccepted. Pay per month. Watkins, Charles D . . . Hospital Corps . do Expiration of service. Purchase Expiration of service. Purchase Expiration of service. do Dentist $200 Crandall, Albert Drummer for tobacco company. Restaurant 75 Owens Edgar J do 60 Wuyster, William H... Thomas, John W. . . '. . . do ... Clerk, Montgomery & Ward. . . Real estate 60 do Unknown. Charlier, George D do Pharmacist 125 De Long, Philip E ... .do do 75 Hayward, Earnest A.. Spencer, William C do do . . Nurse . . . 50 do do Agent, insurance company Restaurant 75 Owens William H do do . 40 Phillips, James F do do Fanner Unknown. Robinson James W do do Barber Unknown. Winkneld, Henry. do Purchase Expiration of service. do Unknown. Brown, Ralph S do City editor 100 Moore, Edgar do Porter, Pullman service 40 Van, Alfred do do Unknown. do . . do Unknown. Whitac're, Charles H.. do do Assistant steward in hotel 50 86 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The following discharges were made from Company H, Second Battalion, Wash- ington Barracks, D. C: Name. Discharge obtained by- Date. Position accepted. Pay per month. Corporal Haskell Exniration of service July 18,1907 Dec. 13,1906 Sept. 13,1907 Feb. 15,1907 June 17,1907 Feb. 19,1907 Jan. 8,1906 Mar. 27,1907 July 24,1907 Dec. 14,1905 Surveyor.. . $150 Sergeant Trummell. . . . Private Arseneaut do Carpenter 80 do do a 4 Private Stratton ..do Rolling mill 70 Private Loyd do Motorman on street car. . . . .do 60 Private Cook do 60 Private Heller do do 60 Private Daily do Conductor on street car. . . Fireman, filtration plant.. Conductor on street car. . . 60 Private Ray .do 60 Private Truman. Purchase 60 a Per day. VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. Table showing enlisted men discharged by purchase within the past year at West Point, N. Y., on account of insufficient pay . Name. Organization. Position accepted. Pay. Frank Silvia, sergeant William J. Boiling, sergeant. . Edward Eckam, cook James Citro, cook Mickael Laitner, musician. . . Simon Culp, musician Santiago Curt, first-class private. Ferrol Le Due, private Lewis S. Diefendorf, private, first class. Michael Hine, flrst^3lass pri- vate. Edward J. Charlton, private. Edward Hirsch, private Willie Phillips, private Charles R. Brown, private. John M. McCool, private Charles J.Thompson, private. Edward J. Maliey, private. . . William Stahlberg, private . . . Andrew P. Ford, private Detachment of engi- neers. Detachment of cav- alry. Detachment of artil- ..'"/o Band ....do Hospital Corps ....do ....do Ordnance detach- ment. Cavalry detachment . do Artillery detachment ....do Detachment of A. S. men. ....do .do. To go in business at Staten Island, N. Y. In quartermaster's depart- ment at West Point, N.Y. Sales agent at Newburgh, N.Y. Pastry cook at Highland Falls, N. Y. To better himself in civil life. Dependent relatives do Grocery clerk. Falls, N. Y. Highland Tea agent,Newburgh,N. Y . . To go to Philippine Islands . Policeman at Yonkers, N.Y. Agent relief association, Philadelphia, Pa. Dependent relatives Civil service position in Washington, D.C. Teamster at Philadelphia, Pa. Amusement director at Union Hill, N. J. Steam driller, West Point, N.Y. Blacksmith in northern New York. Plumber at Highland Falls, N.Y. Partner with his mother. $2 per day. On commission. $50 per month and board. Unknown. $50 per month. On commission. $100 per month. Unknown. Unknown. $2.50 per day. $75 per month. $2.50 per day. Unknown. $3.50 per day. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AKMY. 87 Enlisted men who have been discharged by expiration of service from West Point, N, Y., during the past year, and who have declined reenlistment because of being able to better themselves m civil life. Name. Organization. Position offered. Pay. William Getz, field musician Frederic W. Mayer, first- class private. John S. Maker, corporal Raymond S. Thayer, first- class private. Isaac O. Petell, first-class private. Willis O. Sloane, corporal Edward Christoff, private Clifford II. Compton, private. Gustof P. Carlson, private. . . William McGowan, private . . Francis J. Gibney, private. Wesley E. Sarver, private. . James St. John, private . . . Fred. Engelskircher, musi- cian. William Herzog, musician. . . John A. Miller, private, first class. Frank G. Whitman, sergeant. John A. S. McClure, private , John M. Gillen, private Detachment of field musicians. Ordnance detach- ment. Engineer detachment. do .do. Artillery detachment . Detachment A. S. men. do ....do ....do ... do Band do Hospital Corps Cavalry detachment . .do. .do. Mason's helper, at Highland Falls, N. Y. Assistant in Twenty- second Regiment Armory, N. G. N. Y., New York City. As mill hand Stairway iron worker Targeter, Springfield Ar- mory. Telegrapher at Highland Falls, N. Y. In gas house,at West Point, Painting and paper hang- ing, at Coldwater, Mich. Carpenter, at Long Island City, N. Y. Painter, quartermaster's department, West Point, N. Y. Bartender, at Newburgh, N. Y. Foreman of mechanics in Iowa. American Express Co., New York City. Painter and paper hanger. Highland Falls, N. Y. To accept position in civil life. Fireman at West Point, N. Y. Assistant janitor in Ar- mory, N. G. N. Y., New York City. Locomotive engineer Laborer at naval station, at lona Island, N. Y. $1.75 per day. Unknown. Do. Do. $2.50 per day. Unknown. $60 per month. Unknown. Do. $3 per day. $60 per month and board. Unknown. Do. Do. Do. $60 per month. $3.50 per day. Unknown. $1.90 per day. Applications for discharge by purchase, from enlisted men, now pending. Name. Organization. Position offered. Pay. Stephen M. Alton, private Harrison M. Jones, private. . . Detachment of A. S. men. Cavalry detachment . . To accept a position in mili- tia armory in New York. Laborer at naval station, Zona Island, N. Y. $21 per week. $1. 90 per day. 88 PAY OF OFFICERS AKD ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. RECRUITING SERVICE. Recruit Depot, Fort Slocum, N. Y. Name. Geo. Slater, jr. F. J. Donovan Leo. Cesano. H. De Felice H. Blackman Sergt. H. Wildberger.. Sergt. John F. Darling. Corpl. E. J. Audette Root. Vaughn Leroy E. Summer. Dale Thomas.. Fred Brinillard. E. Llewellyn... Charles Green. . J. P. Morton. Geo. Kase... C. S. Zeuner Geo. N. Chalfin. Recruiting com- pany. First (band) . . do. do. Sixth . ....do Hospital Corps. ....do ....do Discharge ob- tained by— Purcha&t. . .do .do .do ■ do Expiration of service. Purchase ....do Expiration of service. Purchase Expiration of service. ....do Position. Purchase. Musician in Troy City Band. Grocery clerk Immigration clerk Special policeman Salesman in shoe store . . Government position on island of Haiti. Police officer Stevens Arms Co Hotel business Actor Express business Not known Post exchange Brakeman Clerk in grocery do Clerk, Brooklyn Rapid Transit R. R. Clerk, clothing house Salary. $1,000 per year. $80 per month. Do. $75 per month. $15 per week. $100 per month. $55 per month. $72 per month. $100 per month. $200 per month. $75 per month. $12 per week. $80 per month. $18 per week. $60 per month. Do. $72 per month. Many men at this station who are detailed on extra duty and who would make excel- lent noncommissioned oflGicers, object to such appointments owing to the fact that they will suffer a reduction in pay. There have been a number of requests from noncommissioned officers to be reduced for the purpose of accepting clerical and other positions on account of the extra pay which they would receive. This is a deplorable state of affairs which would be obviated if the difference between the pay of a private and a noncommissioned officer were equivalent to any extra com- pensation which a private might receive in an extra or special duty position. Recruiting Station, Kansas City, Mo. Discharged soldiers who have passed through this office have been unanimous in their declaration that the pay of the Army is inadequate. They claimed that the work required of the enlisted men is such as to keep good men out of the service. They made particular reference to practice marches. The demand for labor in this district is much greater than the supply, and the scale of wages has been raised to practically double the amount paid six >rears ago. I find it exceedingly difficult to even hold men who are applicants for enlistment a sufficient length of time to comply with orders. There is always some one who will offer them an occupation in civil life. Of men who have served on this party, and who were discharged while on recruiting duty, about 6 have secured positions of good pay in this city. One is a sergeant of police, two are patrolmen, another a mail clerk, another a doctor in a lumber camp in Texas, and two are working for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company of this city. The great decrease in the gross apjjlicants, I believe, is due to the great demand for labor — tnere are at least 10 structures being erected in the vicinity of this station — and to the small amount of pay that is paid to a man in the service. I would state most emphatically that an increase in pay is badly needed, if we would compete with the scale of wages paid in civil life. D T H T Q (/) 7" < < $ 1- (/> [- nr X u. cc 7 $ o 1- O 1- < C> > Li. DC 1 1- :z I-- < ^ u. z S n C5 nr LU X OC PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 89 , Exhibit I. REPORTS TO WHICH ATTENTION IS INVITED AS A WHOLE. Fort Crook, Nebr., October 21, 1907. Capt. Johnson Hagood, Coast Artillery Corps, Washington, D. C. Sir: I desire to submit the following reasons why the pay of officers and enlisted men should be increased at least as much as is contemplated in the bill now under discussion. Here at Fort Crook household servants now command at least $25 a month, and some officers pay as much as $60 for two servants. From 1872, and until the new rate law went into effect, railroads west of the Mississippi, from Chicago west, granted half-fare tickets to officers going on leave and to officers' families and servants. Many roads in the seventies and eighties gave passes to all noncombatants accompanying troop trains when changing station. It now takes about all a married officer can save to transport his family to and from the islands and each time fit it out in clothing suitable to the change of climate. This is especially so of the infantry, which at present has to serve two years in the islands and two years at home. Before 1898 a married officer's wife and children could generally live at the officer's station in the United States, and the children go to local schools. Now, if he has young children of school age, he must leave them and his wife in the United States, m order that the children may attend school, and when he goes to the islands or to Cuba maintain two establishments. In but a few stations in the islands are there schooling facilities for officers' younger children, and none at all for the advanced ones. In 1872, and many years thereafter, officers traveling on duty received 10 cents a mile on railroads, while now they receive but 7 cents. It is of great benefit to army officers that they should mix freely with civilians and not become a body apart. Few officers stationed in the United States can now afford to join a club in a city near their station or to entertain or be entertained by civilians. The officer's pay does not warrant it. Yet there is nothing more mentally narrowing to the officers than to associate only among themselves and talk shop all the time. Every change of station means to the officer great expense. Breakage of articles of furniture and crockery, etc., in transit, mildewing and moth eating of heavy clothing and carpets left in store for two years when he goes to the islands, refitting the house in each case, sacrifice sale of his horses or his carriage, should he have the latter. Out of the last eight years I have been stationed nearly six years in the Philippine Islands, during two tours.. Since July, 1902, I have personally moved as follows, and mine is but an ordinary case: July, 1902, from Manila to Fort McDowell, Cal. ; December, 1902, from Fort McDow- ell, Cal., to Alcatraz, Cal.; February, 1903, from Alcatraz, Cal., to Fort Snelling, Minn.; October, 1904, from Fort Snelling, Minn., to Presidio, Cal.; February, 1905, from Presidio, Cal., to Camp Connell, Samar, .P. I.; January, 1906, from Camp Con- nell, Samar, P. I., to Fort McKinley, Manila; August, 1907, Fort McKinley to Fort Crook, Nebr. At each move I had to transport my family and my household goods and refit my house at considerable expense, because scarcely no two army quarters are alike. My losses by theft, breakage in transit from my old to my new station in the United States, moth and mildew of such articles as I left in the United States when I went to the islands, has, during my two tours in the islands, amounted easily to 1600. Such articles of furniture as I took to the islands were, after a long railroad journey and transshipments in transports and interisland boats, not worth bringing back. Formerly changes of station were unfrequent. In my service prior to 1898, I was stationed three years at Camp Supply, Ind. T. ; three years at Fort Dodge, Kans.; six years at Brownsville, Tex.; nine years at Fort Wayne, Mich. Prior to 1898 but a few mounted officers of infantry owned their own horses, as they seldom had use for horses, there being no extensive maneuvers, etc., and Government horses were used for occasional city parades. Now the owning of horses by mounted officers is mandatory. Furthermore, officers at many posts in the Army and especially in Manila are heavily assessed to pay for semipublic functions such as the entertain- ment, when visiting the post, of foreign officials, the officers of British Asiatic fleet, our own fleet, and of the Japanese fleet, visiting Congressional parties, etc. Other arguments for increase of pay, such as the 50 per cent increase since 1873 in the cost of living, the increased number and cost of uniforms (at least 200 per cent), etc., might be enlarged upon, but are well known to all. It is a fact that officers, upon their present pay, can no longer maintain the standing which the Government 90 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. expects them to maintain in the communities near which they are stationed, and many are at their wits end to properly care for their families, not being able to save sufficient money from their pay either to leave them in the United States or to take them to the islands. There are a few officers who have incomes other than their pay, but they are very scarce. There is but one of these in my regiment. There should be the largest increase of pay for the captains and lieutenants. In regard to the pay of the enlisted men, I submit the following: Thirteen dollars a month is not sufficient pay to get good men. If perchance, due to youthful enthusiasm to see foreign service, a young man enlists, he will usually stay but one enlistment. In this locality, ordinary labor commands $1.75 to $2 a day. Farm hands around here by the year get $30 to |50 a month and board. This post is 12 miles from Omaha by suburban, and the fare is 40 cents for the round trip. A soldier gets 43 cents a day. He pays here from |1.25 to $1.50 for his laundry per month, $1 to $1.50 for barber bill. He has to buy out of his wages all toilet articles, towels, polish for his shoes, equipments and brasses, so there is but little left to him for amusements, such as theaters, circuses, etc. He is human, and after a tour in the islands he longs to see a circus or a theater, but his pay does not warrant such extrava- gance. All well-behaved men can get a job around here which will pay them enough to live nicely and occasionally attend amusements. Teamsters in the employ of the Government at this post get $40 a month and ration. The duties of soldiers nowadays, take it the year round, are more arduous and exhaust- ing than those of a teamster. The result is, that with the present small pay of soldiers the recruiting officers can get only second-class men, whose drinking or other bad habits cause them to lose their places in civil life, or men who are of lazy disposition and expect to have an easy time in the Army. After having their minds disabused of this idea, and after finding that long weekly practice marches, two or three months' maneuvers every summer in camp, sometimes on their feet from dawn to dark, fre- quent daily labor, keeping the large posts in presentable condition, cutting grass, pulling weeds, cleaning up public buildings, is by no means what they expected, they desert. A better class of men can only be obtained by raising the pay of a private soldier so that it shall be, in some measure, commensurate with the pay which the unskilled labor commands in the country. Good men are now constantly trying to get out of service to accept positions which pay better. During the past year 24 men of this regiment have failed to reenlist, because of good positions offered them in civil life, or have been discharged by pur- chase or other methods for like purpose. A list inclosed. I also inclose list showing number of changes of station by each company in the regiment since 1898, and miles traveled making these changes of station. I further inclose list of changes during past year of company commanders in the various com- panies of my regiment. These changes are due to detached service, special duty, sickness due to service in the islands, etc. Oftentimes, due to above causes, there were not enough line officers for duty to go around at the rate of one per company. Very respectfully, Cornelius Gardener, Colonel. Sixteenth Infantry, Commanding. [Inclosure No. 1.] Within the past year 2 sergeants, 2 corporals, and 20 privates have been discharged by order, and 1 man granted permission to take a civil-service examination, all for the purpose of bettering themselves by taking positions as guard Bilibid Prison, clerk, foreman, fireman, street-car inspector, etc., with pay from $75 to $125 per month. The following is a list of individual instances of the above-mentioned men: Names. Sixteenth Infantry. Discharge obtained by- Position accepted. Pay per month. Christian Wagener, corporal. Heber E. Bash am. Waiter Gow Eugene Klemm. . . John C. Reynolds. George Pfeil Band Company F. r. do do Company G. By order. do... do... .do... .do... .do... McCullough & Co. clerk. L, Manila, P cierK. Philippines Division, clerk Quartermaster's department, en gineer. Philippines Division, clerk Manila Electric Railway Co., clerk Quartermaster's department, fore man stevedores. $75 100 75 125 90 125 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 91 Names. Sixteenth Infantry. Discharge obtained by- Position accepted. Pay per month. Patrick H. Cox Company H. do do .... By order . do.... do.... Bilibid Prison, Manila, P. I., guard.. J. R. Edgar, Manila, P. I., clerk in book store. Manila, P. I., street-car conductor. . American Hardware Co., Manila, P. I., clerk. Manila Supply Co., salesman Manila fire department, fireman Manila, drug store, drug salesman. . E. J. Smith & Co., Manila, P. I., clerk. ..do $75 William Gillman Joseph D. Ritche 75 75 Company I . Company K. Company M Company L. do.... do.... do.... ....do 75 Emra Shock, corporal John L. Duke 90 75 William E. Banks 75 Reuben A. Parrott, corporal. Martin Wolf Company B. do do.... do 75 75 Charles W. Harman do do do.... do.... To accept position in barber shop, Manila, P. I. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Co., Manila, P. I., clerk. Manila, P. I., street-car conductor. With private concern, Manila, P. I. . Philippines civil service 75 75 Company C. do.... 75 John C. Enderly Willet IT. Newman, sergeant. Alexander H. Mahon, ser- geant. Peter Weaver Edwin P. Fitzgerald Jack Kern do do Company D. do do ..do do.... do.... do.... do..:. do.... do 100 75 Fort McKinley, P. I., exchange steward. Oriental Printing Co., Manila, P. I. . Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Co., Manila, P. I., clerk. Manila fire department, fireman — To accept civil position, Manila, P. I. 100 100 60 100 Charles A. Short Company A. do 75 [Inclosure No. 2.] FREQUENT CHANGES OF COMPANY COMMANDERS. Commanding officers of companies, Sixteenth Infantry, during past year: Company ^.—Captain French, to April 23, 1907; Second Lieutenant Brown, April 24 to August 22, 1907; Captain French, since August 23. Company 5.— Captain Wheeler, to May 8, 1907; First Lieutenant Lawton, May 9 to September 23; Captain Wheeler, since. Company C. — Captain Morton, to April 3, 1907; First Lieutenant Shean, April 3 to 13, 1907; Captain Morton, April 14 to May 10, 1907; Second Lieutenant Bubb, May 11 to June 8; Second Lieutenant Atkins, June 9 to 26, 1907; Captain Morton, since. Company D. — First Lieutenant Wescott, to September 11, 1906; Captain Crimmins, September 12, 1906, to February 3, 1907; Lieutenant Wescott, Felyuary 4 to August 2, 1907; Second Lieutenant Kingman, August 2 to September 23, 1907; First Lieuten- ant Carter, since. Company E. — First Lieutenant McKain, to September 26, 1906; Second Lieutenant Bubb, September 27 to October 1; Second Lieutenant Boschen, October 2 to 5; Lieu- tenant McKain, October 6 to November 17; First Lieutenant Roach, November 18 to 21; Second Lieutenant Soleliac, November 22, 1906, to March 5, 1907; Captain Crim- mins, March 6 to August 21; Second Lieutenant James, August 22 to September 30; Lieutenant Soleliac, since. Company F. — First Lieut. P. L. Smith to August 1, 1907; Second Lieutenant Churchill, August 2 to October 7; Second Lieutenant Boschen, since. Company G. — Second Lieutenant James, to September 18, 1906; Second Lieutenant Riley, September 19 to 24; Lieutenant James, September 25, 1906, to January 31, 1907; Second Lieut. F. L. Minnigerode, Eighth Infantry, February 1 to 28; Sec- ond Lieutenant Bubb, March 1 to 6; First Lieutenant Lawton, March 7 to 10; Lieu- tenant Riley, March 11 to 20; First Lieutenant McKain, March 25 to April 5; Captain Buck, April 6 to July 15; Lieutenant Riley, July 16 to 19; Captain Buck, since. Company H. — Captain Chrisman, to April 2, 1907; Second Lieutenant Bubb, April 3 to 8; Second Lieutenant McCune, April 9; Captain Chrisman, since. Company I. — First Lieutenant White, to August 6, 1907; Captain Bundel, since. Company K. — Captain Ridenour, to January 1, ]907; Second Lieutenant Rose, Jan- uary 2 to 4; First Lieutenant Shean, January 5; Captain Ridenour, January 6 to 7; First Lieutenant Shean, January 8 to 10; Captain Ridenour, January 11 to August 1, 1907; Lieutenant Shean, since. Company L. — First Lieutenant Morison, to December 28, 1906; Captain Bennet, December 28, 1906, to January 2, 1907; Lieutenant Morison, January 3 to March 4, 1907; Second Lieutenant Churchill, March 5 to 10; Lieutenant Morison, March 11 to 20; First Lieutenant Hayes, since. 92 PAY OF OFFICEES AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ABMY. Compamj M. — Captain Dalton, to November 20, 1906; First Lieutenant Sydney- Smith, November 21, 1906, to April 7, 1907; First Lieutenant McKain, April 8 to 21; First Lieutenant Shean, April 22 to May 5; Second Lieutenant Pickering, May 6 to 18; Lieutenant Shean, May 19 to 26; Lieutenant Pickering, May 27 to July 13; Lieut. S. Smith, July 14 to August 13, 1907; Captain Dalton, since. [Inclosure No. 3.] SYNOPSIS. Changes in stations of organizations, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898, with miles traveled: Organization. Miles. Headquarters Company A . . Company B . . Company C . . Company D . . Company E . . Company F... Company G . . Company H . . Company I . . . Comjiany K.. Company L... Company M.. Changes in stations, with miles traveled. Distances are approximate, and are taken from "Official Table of Distances," Paymaster-General's Office. In a few instances, when table does not give whole distances, they are taken through intermediate points. Headquarters Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Sherman, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 408 May 12,1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13, 1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1,086 Jan. 25, 1899. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1, 300 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco, Cal 1,852 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Dec. 25,1899. To Aparri, Cagayan 436 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, Cal., via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15,1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2,760 Nov. 19, 1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19,1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2,760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14,1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki, Honolulu, etc 7, 456 Sept. 17, 1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1, 852 I Apr. May June Aug. Sept. Mar. May May Aug. Dec. Nov. — , 1898. 12, 1898. 13, 1898. 8. 1898. 19. 1898. 7. 1899. 23. 1899. 30, 1899. 4, 1899. 25, 1899. — 1900. 50, 241 Company A, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. From Boise Barracks, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 230 To Tampa, Fla 725 To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 To Huntsville, Ala 1,086 To Fort Leavenworth, Kans 726 To San Francisco, Cal 2, 064 To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 To Caloocan, Rizal 4 To Aparri, Cagayan 440 To Echague, Isabela 145 PAY OF OFFICEKS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 93 Miles. Jan. — , 1902. To Ilagan, Isabela 40 June — , 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 106 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, Cal., via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15, 1902. To Fort Slocum, N. Y 3, 240 Sept. 1, 1904. To Fort McPherson, Ga 876 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, Cal., via Nagasaki, Honolulu, etc 7, 456 Sept. 17, 1907. To Fort L. H. Roots, Ark 2, 310 50, 592 Company B, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1S9S. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Spokane, Wash. , to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 415 May 12, 1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13, 1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Jan. 25,1899. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,300 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco, Cal 1, 852 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To San Fernando, Pampanga 39 Aug. 15, 1899. To Cavite, Cavite 59 Sept. 25, 1899. To Santo Tomas, Pampanga 57 Dec. 23, 1899. To Manila 37 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan 436 Nov. — , 1900. To Echague, Isabela 145 Jan. — , 1902. To Tuguegarao, Cagayan 81 July 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 64 July 10, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 Aug. 12, 1902. To Fort Slocum, N. Y 3, 240 Sept. 1, 1904. To Fort McPherson, Ga 876 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki, Honolulu, etc 7, 456 Sept. 17, 1907. To Fort L. H. Roots, Ark 2, 310 51, 322 Company C, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Sherman, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 408 May 12,1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13,1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1,500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Mar. 7, 1899. To Fort Leavenworth, Kans 726 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 064 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4,1899. To Malobon, Rizal 5 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 445 Nov. —,1900. To Echague, Isabela 145 Jan. — , 1900. To Tuguegarao, Cagayan ". 81 June 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 64 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15,1902. To Fort Slocum, N. Y 3,240 Sept. 1,1904. To Fort McPherson, Ga 876 May 19,1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2,760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27,1905. To Fort William McKinley , Rizal : 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila .* 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort L. H. Roots, Ark 2,310 50, 775 94 PAY OF OFFICEKS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Company D, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Sherman, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 408 May 12, 1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13, 1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Mar. 7, 1899. To Fort Leavenworth, Kans 726 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 064 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To Meycauayan, Balucan 9 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 445 Nov. — , 1900. To Echague, Isabela 145 Jan. — , 1902. To Ilagan, Isabela. 40 June 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 106 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15,1902. To Fort Slocum, N. Y 3,240 Sept. 1, 1904. To Fort McPherson, Ga 876 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort L. H. Roots, Ark 2,310 50, 780 Company E, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Spokane, Wash., to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 415 May 12,1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13, 1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff. Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Jan. 25, 1899. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1, 300 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco 1, 852 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To San Fernando, Pampanga 39 Aug. 15, 1899. To Cavite, Cavite 59 Sept. 25, 1899. To Apalit, Pampanga 51 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 487 Jan. T-, 1900. To Tuguegarao, Cagayan 64 Feb. —,1900. To Ilagan, Cagayan 42 Jan. — , 1902. To Echague, Isabela 40 June 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Nov. 19, 1904, To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19,1905. To San Francisco 2,760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Malahi Island. Laguna 31 Jan. 31, 1906. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 25 Aug. 13, 1906. To Tacloban, Leyte, and vicinity 462 Mar. — , 1907. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 462 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,852 51, 713 Company F, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Sherman, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 408 May 12,1898. To Tampa, Fla • 725 June 13, 1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Feb. 11,1899. To Jefferson Barracks, Mo 462 PAY OF OFFICEES AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 95 Miles. May 23, 1899. To San Francisco , 2, 258 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To Guiginto, Bulacan 19 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparrj , Cagayan, via Manila 455 Jan. — , 1900. To Tugnegarao, Cagayan 64 Feb. — , 1900. To Ilagan, Isabela 42 Jan. — , 1902. To Echague, Isabela 40 June 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Nov. 19,1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19,1905. To San Francisco 2,760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Malahi Island, Laguna 31 Oct. 7,1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 25 Aug. 13, 1906. To Tacloban, Leyte, and vicinity 462 Mar. — , 1907. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 462 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila ^. 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki'and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,852 51,112 Company G, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Sherman, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 408 May 12, 1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13, 1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1, 500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19,1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1,086 Feb. 8,1899. To Fort McPherson, Ga 239 Mar. 17, 1899. To Jefferson Barracks, Mo 625 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco 2, 258 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To La Lomboy Convent, Bulacan 14 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila.' 450 Jan. — , 1900. To Ilagan, Isabela 106 Feb. — , 1900. To Tuguegarao, Cagayan 42 Jan. — , 1902. To Echague, Isabela 81 July 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 July 10, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 Aug. 28, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Nov. 19,1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu and Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Malahi Island, Laguna 31 Oct. 7, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 25 Aug. 13, 1906. To Tacloban, Leyte, and vicinity 462 Mar. 4, 1907. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 462 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,852 51, 587 Company H, Sixteenth Infantry, since 1898. Miles. Apr. — , 1898. From Fort Sherman, Idaho, to Chickamauga, Ga 2, 408 May 12, 1898. To Tampa, Fla 725 June 13,1898. To Santiago, Cuba 1,500 Aug. 8, 1898. To Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1,086 Jan. 25,1899. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,300 May 23,1899. To San Francisco 1,852 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To San Fernando, Pampanga 39 Aug. 15, 1899. To Cavite, Cavite 59 96 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. Miles. Sept. 25, 1899. To Malolos, Bulacan 44 Oct. 2, 1899. To Calumpit, Bulacan 5 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 465 Jan. — , 1900. To Ilagan, Isabela 106 Feb. — , 1900. To Tuguegarao, Cagayan 42 Jan. — , 1902. To Echague, Isabela 81 « July 1, 1902. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 J July 10, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 1 Aug. 28, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Nov. 19,1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28,1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc. 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Malahi Island, Laguna 31 Oct. 7, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 25 Aug. 13, 1906. To Tacloban, Leyte, and vicinity 462 Feb. 28, 1907. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 462 Aug. 14,1907. ToManila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,852 51, 765 Company I, Sixteenth Infantry, since organization. [Organized at Santiago, Cuba, July 13, 1898.] Miles. Aug. 8,1898. From Santiago to Camp Wykoff, Montauk 1,900 Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Feb. 11, 1899. To Jefferson Barracks, Mo 462 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco 2, 258 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To Bigaa, Bulacan 17 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 453 Feb. 14, 1900. To Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya 182 May — , 1900. To Echague, Isabela 37 Dec. — , 1900. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 June 12, 1902. To San. Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15,1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2,760 Nov. 19,1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu and Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,852 45, 574 Company K, Sixteenth Infantry, since organization. [Organized at Santiago, Cuba, July 13, 1898.] Miles. " Aug. 8, 1898. From Santiago to Camp Wykoff, Montauk, N. Y 1, 900 Sept. 19,1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1,086 Mar. 4, 1899. To Chickamauga, Ga 108 Mar. 9, 1899. To Fort Leavenworth, Kans 796 May 23,1899. To San Francisco 2,064 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To Polo, Bulacan 7 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 443 Feb. 14, 1900. To Solano, Nueva Vizcaya 191 May — , 1900. To Echague, Isabela 46 Dec. — , 1900. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Jan. 20, 1904. To Columbia Arsenal, Tenn 297 July 1,1904. To Fort McPherson, Ga 297 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ARMY. 97 Miles. Nov. 19, 1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPhcrson, Ga 611 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco 2, 760 May 31, 1905, To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley , Rizal 6 July 19, 1906. To San Mateo, Rizal 7 Nov. 24, 1906. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 7 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila : . . 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17, 1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1, 852 46, 428 Company L, Sixteenth Infantry, since organization. [Organized at Camp Wyko£f, Montauk Point, September 13-14, 1898.] Miles. Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 ■Jan. 25, 1899. To Fort Crook, Nebr ; 1, 300 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco, Cal 1, 852 May 30, 1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8, 023 Aug. 4, 1899. To San Fernando, Pampanga 39 Aug. 15, 1899. To Cavite, Cavite 59 Sept. 25, 1899. To Calumpit, Bulacan ' 49 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan, via Manila 465 Feb. 14, 1900. -To Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya 182 May — , 1900. To Echague, Isabela 50 Dec. — , 1900. To Aparri, Cagayan 145 June 12, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 July 15, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Nov. 19, 1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Henolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17,1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1,852 44, 261 Company M, Sixteenth Infantry, since organization. [Organized at Camp Wykoff, Montauk Point, September 13-14, 1898.] Miles. Sept. 19, 1898. To Huntsville, Ala 1, 086 Feb. 11, 1899. To Jefferson Barracks, Mo 462 May 23, 1899. To San Francisco 2, 258 May 30,1899. To Manila, via Honolulu and north end Luzon 8,023 'Aug. 4, 1899. To La Lomboy Convent, Bulacan 14 Nov 23, 1899. To Bulacan, Bulacan 6 Dec. 24, 1899. To Manila 20 Dec. 25, 1899. To Aparri, Cagayan 436 Feb. — , 1900. To Cordon, Isabela 160 May — , 1900. To Echague, Isabela 15 Dec. — , 1900. To Apaui, Cagayan 145 July 10, 1902. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki 7, 056 Aug. 28, 1902. To Fort McPherson, Ga 2, 760 Nov, 19, 1904. To St. Louis, Mo 611 Jan. 28, 1905. To Fort McPherson, Ga 611 May 19, 1905. To San Francisco, Cal 2, 760 May 31, 1905. To Manila, via Honolulu, Guam, etc 7, 893 June 27, 1905. To Fort William McKinley, Rizal 6 Aug. 14, 1907. To Manila 6 Aug. 15, 1907. To San Francisco, via Nagasaki and Honolulu 7, 456 Sept. 17, 1907. To Fort Crook, Nebr 1, 852 43, 636 18386—07 7 98 PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. Sales and Issue Commissary, Quemados de Marianao, Cuba, September 15, 1907. Capt. Johnson Hagood, Coast Artillery Corps, Washington, D. C. Sir: The pay of the enlisted men is, I belieye, of more vital importance, as without trained enlisted men the most brilliant officer is quite as valueless as the most worth- less, until he has been able to train uj) the new material, and all this takes time. As this has been gone over many times it is not deemed advisable to continue on this line of argument. Under my own observation have come many instances of excellent men who have left the service, not because of dissatisfaction with it, but because they could not afford to stay. While in command of the One hundred and seventeenth Company, Coast Artillery, at Fort Moultrie, S. C, two of my sergeants — one after three years' and the other after eight years' service — failed to reenlist; not because of dislike for the service, but because the $60 per month that they could get on the outside was more attractive to them. Many instances of this kind can be cited. I presume I could quote over 100 from about three years' duty with line troops. Since being in Cuba the sergeant-major of the Twenty-seventh Infantry failed to reenlist after about eighteen years' service because he could not afford it. Working directly under me are two post commissary-sergeants. These men are directly responsible for the receipt, sale, and issue of about |20,000 worth of subsistence stores each month; they check in all stores, make all sales and issues, and do all paper work in connection therewith. Of course I supervise all matters, but I can not attend to all the minute details, so I am dependent upon these two sergeants for the proper care, handling, and accounting for the stores. It would be no jexaggeration to say that men occupying positions of equal responsibility in civil life would receive at least $3,000 or $4,000 per year salary. These two men, for their hard work and great responsibility, receive $41 per month pay, with a 20 per cent increase for foreign serv- ice; also rations, clothing, etc. In the paper work they have the assistance of one civilian clerk, who has no responsibility whatever, who receives $60 per month pay and a per diem allowance of not to exceed $3 per day expense money, making his pay about $150 per month. One of my sergeants has a standing offer of $125 per month as an assistant cashier of a bank as soon as he sees fit to accept it; he has not done so as yet, hoping that Congress will make his pay commensurate with the duties and responsibilities of his position. My $75 a month butcher was an enlisted man of six years' service who could not see that he could afford to reenlist and was discharged; character, "excellent." A quartef master-teamster gets $40 per month with rations and quarters; this is as much as a post noncommissioned staff officer of ten years' service gets under existing laws. It is my opinion that the present first enlistment pay of a private should be advanced but little, to not over $15 per month; at end of second year give an increase of $1, making $16 for third year; then $17 for fourth year and $18 for fifth year; then $26 for sixth to tenth year, $27 for eleventh to fifteenth year, $28 for sixteenth to twen- tieth year, $30 for twenty-first to twenty-fifth year, and $32 for twenty-fifth to thirtieth year. To this add $10 per month for corporal's pay, equal to the pay of a private on special duty, so that he can not say. "Why, Captain, I would like to be a corporal, but 1 will lose $96 a year by giving up my special-duty job." Then add $20 per month to a private's pay for a sergeant, and add $30 per month for a first sergeant. Then for post (quartermaster and post commissary sergeants add $55 per month to the pay of a private, with all allowances, and you will be able to fill up the Army with a bright, sturdy, intelligent set of men who will stay in the service and make it their occupation. The position of noncommissioned officer must be made so attract- ive that young men of good education will come into the service with the intention of remaining. The position must be made worth enough more than that of a private that worthy noncommissioned officers — the class of men we want to keep in the Army, but the class that is constantly leaving to accept positions in civil life— will remain to fill these positions. The position of post noncommissioned staff officer in requirements and responsi- bilities is far above all others. Post noncommissioned staff officers are required to be responsible for great amounts of stores and property and also must be able to make out a set of papers that will pass the scrutiny of dozens of expert clerks in Washington. He must be thoroughly honest, capable, and reliable or he is a failure, and you know that very few of them are failures. It is ridiculous that a post commissary-sergeant should receive the pay he does, while his counterpart in the Navy, the commissary steward or yeoman, receives $65 to $75 per month. Why a sergeant of engineers, who, so far as I have seen, knows no more than a sergeant of infantry and is not required to have as much technical PAY OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED lij^If W *^HE AKIV^. 99 knowledge as a sergeant of artillery, should ^^t.as'/mucli pAy] a'^ 'j?/'i^^t, iqLfpommis- sioned staff officer is beyond my understanding.' If a sergeant c»f eiigihe6i-S fefiOuld get $34 per month, a post noncommissioned staff officer should get $100 per month. Very respectfully, Leo F. Foster, Captain, Commissary, U. S. Army. MEMORANDUM FOR CAPTAIN HAGOOD. Company H, Seventh Infantry, returned from Philippine Islands in December, 1905, and took station at Fort Missoula, Mont. ; was filled up to full strength in Febru- ary, 1906, and changed station to Fort Wayne, Mich. , in October, 1906. By the summer of 1906, the strength had fallen by discharges to below 45, and has averaged below that figure ever since in spite of the most strenuous efforts to fill company. The undersigned has done all in his power to induce men to reenlist, but nearly all discharged men have returned to civil life and taken positions paying much more than they could make in the service. In Montana common laborers could easily make from $3 to $4 per day. At Detroit common labor is not so well paid, but all workmen are in great demand and skilled labor- ers receive very high wages, while board and lodging are cheap. One private on discharge immediately went to work as a railway brakeman at $100 per month; another as fireman at $60 per month and board; a third as bartender at $60 per month. Two sergeants — excellent soldiers and worth a great deal to the Government — on dis- charge took railway positions paying over $75 per month. About one man in eight reenlists, although a few more eventually return. The strength has been so small that practical instruction in more than squad drill has been almost impossible. The company attended the American Lake maneuvers in the fall of 1906 with about 30 men. It was rare that more than 20 could be turned out for an exercise. At the grand review at American Lake, before distinguished soldiers of many nations, the whole battalion turned out less than 80 men, while this company presented the imposing total of 1 officer and 13 men in ranks. Repeatedly at this post companies have had to be consolidated to make a decent showing. We habitually have battalion parades with two battalions consolidated into one of four companies. Last spring while this battalion was at the target camp it was necessary to take all but about 20 men in order to fill another battalion up to 55 men per company to attend a function at Indianapolis. Likewise, Iti order to fill our companies to 50 men to attend the Camp Perry rifle shoot, it was necessary to attach nearly the entire effective strength of the first battalion. This consolidation of organizations can not fail to be injurious to all concerned. A few days ago the entire Seventh Infantry (less very small guards left at stations) attended the McKinley memorial exercises at Canton, Ohio. The total strength present on the train was 406 enlisted men — 12 companies and band. The company has at present 10 privates for duty. This number has recently varied from 15 to 6. How can efficiency be kept up under such conditions? The best company commanders can hope to do is to keep up the nucleus of a com- pany. The regiment is now under orders for Philippine service in April next. About one- fourth of the men have said they will reenlist for this service, so the company will doubtless, go to the islands filled up with recruits. Frequent changes of station work hardship on enlisted men as well as officers by requiring excessive outlays for clothing. For example, this company was equipped with khaki until December, 1905, then used service blue until July, 1907 (except at the American Lake maneuvers, when khaki had to be drawn). Last winter the olive- drab overcoat was issued and the full olive-drab in July last. In March khaki will have to be drawn. Result, nearly every man in debt for clothing at each settlement and his meagre pay further reduced. Fort Wayne is considered by soldiers as a good station and conditions here are above the average. C. D. Roberts, Captain, Seventh Infantry, Commanding Company H. Fort Wayne, Mich., October 5, 1907. 100 P^.i^ OF O^'^qj^^^^D ENLISTED MEN OF THE AEMY. A CAFTAil{ ^^■iX^^TRY'MRl'i^^^'-A^V'OLLOWS FROM SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., UNDER " '' ■ " ' "^'" ' 'date of SEPTEMBER 7, 1907. My pay is $210 per month in the United States; $231 per month in foreign service. My lamily consists of my wife and 3 children, all three under 12, and thus entitled to half rates on trains and transports. During February, 1906, I proceeded with my regiment to the Philippine Islands, taking my family with me. Including a payment I made for transporting my house- hold effects (over my allowance) to a place for storage during my tour in the islands, the change of station cost me over $600. This without counting the many additional expenses caused by every move but not included in actual expenses. I can not give you details at this date, and as a matter of fact the statement is only preliminary to what is coming. In March, 1907, a little more than a year after, my wife became so ill that it was necessary for her to return to the United States. I was in the field at the time. She, with the children, proceeded from Camp Jossman to Manila, where her condition became so bad that an immediate operation became necessary and I was telegraphed for. My wife remained in hospital three months and her condition was then such that I was obliged to take a leave of absence to take her and my family to her home — Detroit, Mich. — where I could leave her in care of her mother. During the period she was in hospital my absolutely necessary monthly expenses in the city of Manila were as follows: Board per day for self $2 Board per day for 3 children 3 Board per day for wife in hospital 2 Total 7 Board per month 210 Pay of nurse for children 15 Laundry per month 20 Total actual monthly expense r 245 The above does not include car fare, clothing, or anything except mere cost of living, and these expenses could not in any way be avoided. On June 14 we sailed for the United States on transport Logan, were thirty-four days en route, with expenses as follows: Meals $119 LaunHry 12 Necessary tips 20 Total 151 In San Francisco, where we remained twenty-four hours, my expenses for transfers, board, etc.. amounted to $12. To take my family across the continent to Detroit the cost was as follows: Fare $238 Pullman, 3 sections 56 Meals, four and a half days 50 Total 344 So, then, we have for expense from March 15 to July 22 — four months — ^the following: Expenses in Manila, three months 735 Expenses on sea, one month 151 Expenses across continent, one month 356 Total expenses, four months 1, 242 Pay for this period 915 The above account gives a statement of bare lining. As a matter of fact, including the $200 I am obliged to pay to take me to my station at Manila (I am now en route), I have spent since March last $1,400 outside of my pay, using every possible economy and with no social recreations, my wife being too sick. Our joint bills for clothing would not amount to less than $200. The conditions were exceptional, but they occurred. O THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OP 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. ^h^JU^ ti:-^ J.5 m^ ^£^^4^qfet LD 21-95m-7/37 yc 63105 u . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY ii