UC-NRLF 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
ON THE 
 
 FUNCTIONS OF THE 
 
 SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF NERYES, 
 
 AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS 
 
 FOR A 
 
 RATIONAL SYSTEM OF THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 BY EDWARD MERYON, M.D., F.R.C.P., 
 
 LATE LECTURER ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AT ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL, 
 
 LONDON : 
 J. & A. CHURCHILL, NEW BURLINGTON STREET. 
 
 1872. 
 
HH- 
 
 <-.,, 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 A GREAT portion of the following contribution to- 
 wards a rational system of Therapeutics, was pub- 
 lished in the Lancet during the months of October 
 and November, 1871. Since that time I have 
 received so many complimentary communications 
 from my fellow- workmen, at home and abroad, 
 that I venture to print it in a separate form, with 
 the hope that it may assist, be it in never so small a 
 degree, to establish therapeutics on a scientific and 
 rational basis. To render it perfectly intelligible, I 
 have been obliged to supply some prefatory obser- 
 vations on the structure and functions of the sym- 
 pathetic system of nerves, for on such anatomical 
 and physiological facts my theory is founded. The 
 anatomical part of the subject I have carefully 
 pursued myself, and have seldom failed to trace 
 three kinds of nerve-fibres to every sympathetic 
 ganglion that I have examined. The physiological 
 experiments I have culled from sources which, I 
 trust, will be accepted as perfectly trustworthy. 
 
 A 2 
 
 M37558 
 
FIRST PART. 
 
 ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF 
 
 NERVES. 
 
 THE studious research which has occupied the minds 
 of many physiologists of late years, relative to the 
 special functions of the sympathetic system of nerves, 
 has induced me to enter the list of inquirers ; and 
 although I can only claim, as a qualification for the 
 task I have undertaken, a somewhat extensive course 
 of dissection, not only of the human subject but of 
 the lower animals, together with the possession of 
 numerous facts accumulated by the observations of 
 others, and which I have in common with every 
 physiologist, I venture to offer such generalisations 
 as will, I trust, lead to more positive knowledge 
 than we now possess. 
 
 In the first place, I have long thought that there 
 is great significance in the fact that every sympa- 
 thetic ganglion is connected with both motor and 
 sensory nerves, as well as with its own special nerve- 
 fibres (the so-called nerves of Remak). 
 
Thus the superior cervical ganglion, in addition 
 to the fibres of the sympathetic proper, receives 
 branches from the three or four , upper cervical 
 nerves ; one branch from the hypoglossal, one from 
 the pneumogastric, and one from the glosso-pha- 
 ryngeal. 
 
 Its affiliated ganglion, the petrosal, has a branch 
 given off to it from the facial nerve, and one from 
 the glosso-pharyngeal. 
 
 When the carotid ganglion exists in the cavernous 
 sinus, it invariably receives a branch from the sixth 
 nerve, and one from the vidian nerve, proceeding 
 from Meckel' s ganglion. 
 
 The lenticular ganglion has a communicating 
 branch from the motor oculi (the third), and one 
 from the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve. 
 
 The geniculate ganglion (an expansion of the 
 portio intermedia of the facial nerve) is connected 
 with the vidian and facial nerves, with the spheno 
 palatine branch of the fifth, and with the lenticular 
 and otic ganglia. 
 
 The otic ganglion receives a branch from the 
 motor branch of the inferior maxillary nerve, one 
 from the facial, and one from the glosso-pharyn- 
 geal. 
 
 The spheno-palatine ganglion, or the ganglion of 
 Meckel, communicates with the facial nerve, through 
 the intervention of the vidian nerve, and with the 
 superior maxillary nerve. 
 
 The submaxillary ganglion has a communicating 
 branch from the hypoglossal and chorda-tympani 
 combined, and one from the gustatory nerve. 
 
 The middle cervical ganglion receives combined 
 
motor and sensory nerves from the second, third, 
 fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical nerves. 
 
 The inferior cervical ganglion has also communi- 
 cating with it branches from the seventh and eighth 
 cervical and first dorsal nerves ; it acquires branches 
 likewise from the phrenic and lower laryngeal or 
 recurrent nerves, the latter consisting of sensory 
 fibres from the vagus. 
 
 The cardiac ganglion is formed by the cardiac 
 
 nerves from opposite sides, which contain fibres 
 
 from the cerebro- spinal system ; also by branches 
 
 ' from the main trunk, and from the recurrent division 
 
 of the pneumogastric. 
 
 Each of the thoracic ganglia receives two com- 
 municating branches from the corresponding spinal 
 nerves. 
 
 The semilunar ganglia are formed chiefly by the 
 great splanchnic nerves, the phrenic, and the pneu- 
 mogastric nerves. 
 
 The renal ganglia receive compound branches 
 from the lesser splanchnic and the lumbar nerves. 
 
 The lumbar ganglia have each two communi- 
 cating branches from the spinal nerves. 
 
 Finally, each of the four pairs of sacral ganglia, 
 and the terminal ganglion on the coccyx, receives 
 two communicating branches from the spinal nerves. 
 
 The same combination of motor and sensory 
 nerve-fibres obtains in every plexus formed by the 
 sympathetic system. They are not very abundant, 
 however, in the mesenteric plexuses, but they exist 
 nevertheless. In the hypogastric plexuses they 
 abound, as they do in the parotidean plexus, like- 
 wise in the inferior mesenteric and uterine, which 
 
8 
 
 receive two or three branches each from the sacral 
 nerves. 
 
 It will be observed that in many instances more 
 than one nerve of the same kind either motor or 
 sensory go to a single ganglion, and it is doubtless 
 for the purpose of conveying as many influences, 
 and not for the purpose of accumulating the same 
 kind of nervous activity. This proposition has 
 been strongly insisted on by M. Claude Bernard. 
 
 An interchange of fibres takes place between each 
 pair of ganglia in the main cords of the sympathetic 
 system and the corresponding spinal nerves. White 
 nerve-fibres proceed from the spinal cord to the 
 ganglia, and grey nucleated fibres proceed from the 
 ganglia to the spinal cord ; and it has been shown 
 by Kolliker that in man and the higher animals, 
 more grey fibres pass from the ganglia to the cord 
 than white fibres from the cord to the ganglia. He 
 also confirmed an observation made by Dr. Beck, 
 that the grey fibres give off minute branches to the 
 bloodvessels in their passage to the cord. The 
 remaining branches have been traced by Miiller both 
 to the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal 
 nerves. 
 
 It is this interchange of fibres, probably, which 
 determines the position of the principal sympa- 
 thetic ganglia in the immediate vicinity of the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Each ganglion consists of cellular and fibriform 
 substances, surrounded by a comparatively dense 
 tissue, which is a continuation of the so-called sheath 
 of Schwann. 
 
 The structure of the ganglionic cells has been 
 
9 
 
 carefully studied and described by Dr. Lionel Beale 
 as possessing the same general character in all 
 animals.* 
 
 The substance of the cell consists of more or less 
 granular material, and near the fundus there is a 
 large circular nucleus, with its nucleolus. The size 
 of the cell, with its investing membrane, which is 
 also a continuation of the sheath of Schwann, is 
 about the O060 of a millimeter in diameter ; the 
 granular matter may have a diameter of about 
 0-030 of a millimeter ; the nucleus of about 0*012 ; 
 and the nucleolus of 0*002. 
 
 In the centre of each cell the granular matter 
 gradually assumes the form of a nerve-fibre, which 
 projects to constitute a process or pole of the cell, 
 and is continued outwards in the form of what 
 Dr. Lionel Beale has called the straight fibre. At 
 the circumference of the cell the granular matter 
 also assumes the form of a nerve-fibre, and projects 
 in close proximity with the pole of the straight 
 fibre, around which it winds in a spiral manner. 
 These latter, or spiral fibres, according to Beale, 
 after having surrounded the straight fibres, are 
 continued in a direction parallel with them for a 
 short distance, but eventually turn and take a course 
 diametrically contrary to that taken by the straight 
 fibres. Both straight and spiral fibrils can be shown 
 to be continuous with the granular matter of which 
 the body of the cell is composed. 
 
 In the sympathetic ganglia, both multipolar and 
 unipolar cells exist, each cell appearing to be a mere 
 enlargement of the axis-cylinder of the nerve. In 
 
 * Philosophical Transactions, 1863, vol. cliii. p. 539. 
 
10 
 
 other words, each single cell is the origin or starting 
 point of one or more nerve-fibres ; for as a cell may 
 contain many nuclei and nucleoli,* each nucleus 
 originating a primitive fibre, as many fibres may 
 start from that cell, be it unipolar or multipolar, and 
 run into a bundle of other fibres proceeding from 
 other cells. 
 
 On emerging from the ganglia the nerve-fibres 
 have a very complicated and intricate arrangement ; 
 but it is enough for our purpose to be certain of the 
 continuity of the several nerve-fibres with the uni- 
 polar or multipolar cells. Dr. Beale, in the paper 
 above referred to, asserts that nerve-cells are always 
 connected with nerve-fibres ; and Max Schultz en- 
 dorses the fact by the statement that the processes 
 of cells are nerve-fibres, as was first observed by 
 Remak in the vertebrata, and by Helmholtz among 
 the invertebrata.f 
 
 Valentin and Bidder originated a doubt relative 
 to the nature of the so-called grey fibres ; Bidder 
 supposed them to be a variety of areolar tissue, but 
 they are now generally accepted as nerves, and are 
 recognised as such under the several names of 
 nuclear fibres, fibres of Remak, non-medullated 
 sympathetic fibres of Max Schultz, and gelatinous 
 fibres of Henle. 
 
 Remak, in his essay on multipolar cells, maintains 
 that these bodies in the main cords of the sympa- 
 thetic become continuous, by means of their caudate 
 processes, with the axis-cylinders of both the broad 
 
 * Human and Comparative Histology, by Strieker, translated by 
 Mr. H. Power for the New Sydenham Society. General Characters 
 of Nervous Tissue, by Max Schultz, p. 175. 
 
 t Ibid. p. 174. 
 
11 
 
 and fine cylindrical white nerve-fibres, and with 
 the gelatinous grey fibres. It may, therefore, be 
 affirmed that every form of nerve-fibre in the ganglia 
 is connected and continuous with the ganglionic 
 cells. 
 
 Every ganglion thus possesses all the elements of 
 a nervous centre, and the researches of physiologists 
 tend to confirm the inference that such, in effect, is 
 the case ; and that each, in its own sphere, is 
 capable of receiving, transmitting, originating, and 
 reflecting impressions on which the healthy func- 
 tions of the organs to which its nerves are sent 
 depend. 
 
 The question relative to the manner in which 
 nerves terminate is an exceedingly interesting one ; 
 and if the sympathetic nerve-fibres could be un- 
 equivocally traced to the special tissues wherein 
 they end, a fair inference might be drawn as to 
 their function. Some have been followed to their 
 peripheral extremities by Dr. L. Beale, and he 
 has described them as distributed over the walls of 
 vessels. Dr. Tyson, of Pennsylvania, has endorsed 
 his views; and Professor Eberth, of Zurich, has 
 demonstrated the presence of nerves in the coats of 
 all vessels, the capillaries excepted, even in the 
 tunica adventitia of the non-muscular veins of the 
 pia mater. And these, be it observed, partly con- 
 sisting of dark-edged, and partly of pale fibres , which 
 break up after they have penetrated the tunica 
 adventitia into a fine net- work.* 
 
 There can be little doubt, however, that the sym- 
 pathetic nerves also stand in intimate relation to the 
 
 * Strieker, op. cit., vol. i. p. 266. 
 
12 
 
 secreting cells of glands. Their distribution in the 
 salivary gland has been described by Pfliiger.* In 
 this organ the dark-edged or -medullated nerves 
 constitute the greater number and accompany the 
 salivary tubes, perforate the membrana propria, then 
 divide into innumerable fibrils, each of which 
 becomes continuous with a salivary cell. The pale 
 or non-medullated nerves are composed of extra- 
 ordinarily fine fibrils, each of which is continuous 
 with the fibrillated substance of the epithelial cells. 
 
 The axis-cylinder which invests these pale fibres, 
 is found to be continuous with the membrana 
 propria. 
 
 Such being the anatomical relationship subsisting 
 in the so-called sympathetic system of nerves, much 
 circumspection is necessary in drawing conclusions 
 from experiments, seeing that the cerebro-spinal 
 nerves are intimately commingled with the nerves 
 of Remak, all running parallel to each other. 
 
 I may observe, incidentally, that such compound 
 nerves appear to fulfil all the conditions which are 
 said to be necessary for what is called electro-tonus 
 (a state whereby one nerve is rendered active by the 
 activity of another in close proximity with it), and 
 many phenomena which I may have to adduce seem 
 to point to such influence ; but I shall endeavour to 
 confine my remarks to such experiments and obser- 
 vations as have reference to single nerves only. 
 
 This, however, can be done in no other way than 
 by comparing the phenomena induced and presented 
 by the cerebro-spinal nerves alone, with such other 
 phenomena as are produced by the special agency of 
 
 * Strieker, vol. i. pp. 433448. 
 
13 
 
 the fibres of Remak, and by investigating in what 
 respect the mode of action of the one set differs 
 from that of the other ; for we may assume that 
 Nature is too good an economist to endow the fibres 
 of one with attributes possessed by the other, when 
 included in the same nerve. 
 
 It is very probable that all may be in some degree 
 modified, and it is difficult to conceive why the 
 ganglionic cells are the connecting media between 
 the three sets of nerves, if some change of function 
 be not the result. In illustration of this, the sensory 
 nerves appear to lose much of their peculiar sensi- 
 bility, as we recognise it in their ordinary impres- 
 sions on the brain, when they proceed from an organ 
 to a ganglionic centre of the sympathetic system ; 
 and if so, it follows that, by virtue of the reciprocal 
 action which sensitive and motor nerves exercise on 
 each other, and on the organs to which they are 
 distributed, the motor fibres must be invested with 
 properties derived from the modified sensitive 
 nerves. 
 
 What, then, is the special function of each dif- 
 ferent form of nerve-fibre respectively which goes 
 to or proceeds from every ganglionic centre ? 
 
 With the view to an explicit answer to this ques- 
 tion, the most obvious method is to select from the 
 three forms of nerve-fibre the single one which is 
 invariably associated with a peculiar phenomenon, 
 and without which that phenomenon does not occur. 
 The logical " method of difference," in effect, is that 
 which I shall endeavour to pursue. 
 
14 
 
 ON THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF 
 
 NERVES. 
 
 IN M. Claude Bernard's experiments on the sympa- 
 thetic nerves, the results of which he communi- 
 cated to the French Academy,* the interesting fact 
 was educed, that whenever the sympathetic nerve 
 in the neck of a rabbit is divided, an elevation of 
 temperature occurs in the tissues on the correspond- 
 ing side of the head, amounting to 7 Fahr. when 
 contrasted with the uninjured side. This increase 
 of heat was plainly perceptible by the hand, and 
 admitted of accurate measurement by the introduc- 
 tion of the bulb of a thermometer within the nostril, 
 or into the external auditory meatus. The whole 
 body shared, to a certain extent, in this develop- 
 ment of heat, and exhibited evidence of a tempera- 
 ture exceeding the natural standard ; but it was 
 most evident on the side of the neck where the 
 sympathetic had been divided, and least so on the 
 opposite side where it had been left uninjured. The 
 mercury rose to 72 Fahr. on the affected side, but 
 only to 68 on the uninjured side. Nor was this 
 elevation a transitory phenomenon, for it continued 
 with remarkable steadiness until the animal was 
 killed, and even after death the side of the neck on 
 which the experiment was practised was the last 
 part of the body to lose its vital heat. In some 
 other cases the increased heat disappeared, but in 
 
 * Comptes Rendus, vol. xxxiv. p. 472. Fevrier, 1852. 
 
15 
 
 no instance was there oedema, nor any morbid phe- 
 nomenon resembling inflammation. 
 
 In addition to the above phenomena, M. Bernard 
 subsequently noticed an increased temperature of 
 the cerebral hemispheres, as well as of the blood 
 itself in the internal jugular vein on the side in 
 which the sympathetic nerve had been divided.* 
 
 Schiff has repeated these experiments, and infers, 
 from precisely the same results, that active dilatation 
 is a function possessed by blood vessels. 
 
 Dr. W. Ogle communicated to the Royal Medical 
 arid Chirurgical Society the history of a suppurating 
 tumour in the neck of a man, which produced a 
 lesion equivalent to a division of the cervical sym- 
 pathetic.t In this case the ear on the affected side 
 was redder and warmer by two degrees Fahrenheit, 
 than that on the opposite side, and there was a 
 total cessation of cutaneous secretion on the right 
 (affected} side of the face, head, and neck, although 
 the skin of the right cheek was pinker than that of 
 the left. 
 
 We may infer, then, that the disseverance of the 
 minute arteries from the influence of the nerves of 
 Remak is productive of increased vascularity, and 
 an elevation of the temperature of the parts so dis- 
 connected. 
 
 M. Claude Bernard exposed in a dog the gusta- 
 tory nerve, the chorda tympani (before they receive 
 communicating branches from the lingual nerve), 
 and the submaxillary ganglion. Having thus before 
 him a sensory nerve, a motor nerve, and a ganglio- 
 
 * Memoires de la Societe de Biologic. 1853. 
 
 t Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. Hi. p. 151. 1869. 
 
16 
 
 nic centre, he divided the gustatory nerve, and the 
 secretion from the gland was immediately stopped. 
 He then pinched the centripetal end of the cut 
 nerve which communicates with the brain, and a 
 large quantity of saliva was secreted, whilst the 
 ducts of the parotid and sublingual glands remained 
 dry.*. He subsequently varied the experiment by 
 cutting the chorda tympani, leaving the gustatory 
 nerve intact, and secretion immediately ceased, as 
 in the first experiment. He then inserted a tube 
 into the Whartonian duct, and communicated a 
 weak current to the peripheric end of the divided 
 nerve. Every time that this was done, a drop of 
 saliva was seen to fall from the tube. Thus secre- 
 tion was arrested by section of the tympano-lingual 
 nerve, and reproduced by the stimulus of electricity 
 communicated to its distal extremity. When ap- 
 plied to the centripetal end of the divided nerve, 
 the electric current had no effect. 
 
 These experiments supply us with something like 
 evidence, from which to infer that secretion may be, 
 in some way or other, dependent on cerebro-spinal 
 influence, modified, as I have before suggested ; and 
 as the nerve-current of a sensitive nerve, on which 
 the first experiment was performed, is centripetal, 
 the irritation of pinching the central portion of the 
 cut nerve could only be conveyed to the gland by 
 the reflex action of the returning motor nerve. 
 Whereas when the chorda tympani was divided, 
 secretion was re-established by communicating an 
 electric current through the peripheric end of the 
 nerve. But the electric current has no effect when 
 
 * Comptes Eendus, vol. xxxiv. p. 474. 
 
17 
 
 applied to the peripheric portion of a divided sen- 
 sory nerve ; and we are therefore warranted in the 
 assumption that it is through the influence of the 
 motor nerve that secretion is re-established. 
 
 Something more, however, is suggested to the 
 mind by the fact of the ducts of the parotid and 
 sublingual glands remaining dry, whilst the Whar- 
 tonian duct poured out saliva; and that is, that 
 every gland stands in relation to a special act, and 
 that its function is determined by a special and 
 independent influence. 
 
 If the facial nerve be divided as it passes out of 
 the stylo-mastoid foramen, the secretion of the 
 parotid gland is but little affected. If, however, 
 the facial be divided at its origin, inside the skull, 
 secretion, both from the parotid and submaxillary 
 glands, is abolished.* There is something, there- 
 fore, between the origin of the facial nerve and 
 the stylo-mastoid foramen, to which such arrest of 
 secretion is due. It cannot be the facial alone, for 
 its ablation has but little effect, either on the parotid 
 or submaxillary gland. Neither can it be the 
 chorda tympani alone, for section of that nerve does 
 not influence the parotid secretion, but stops that of 
 the submaxillary. But the division of the facial 
 nerve in the hiatus Fallopii involves the resection of 
 the portio intermedia of Wrisberg, which expands, 
 in the Fallopian canal, into the geniculate ganglion. 
 Thus we have an indication that the secretion of 
 the parotid is dependent on a ganglionic centre. 
 
 If the facial nerve be left uninjured, and the nerves 
 
 * Lemons sur la Physiologie et la Pathologie du Systeme Nervaux. 
 M. C. Bernard. Tome ii. p. 154, 155. 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 of Remak (which proceed from the superior cervical 
 ganglion to be distributed to the ramifications of 
 the internal maxillary artery) are cut, the secretion 
 of saliva goes on more abundantly and continuously. 
 It has also been observed that, when the floor of 
 the fourth ventricle is slightly wounded in the im- 
 mediate vicinity of the nuclei of the fifth pair of 
 nerves, well-marked salivation , from the parotid 
 glands is set up. If the wound be in the mesial 
 line, ptyalism is induced on both sides ; but if the 
 wound be on one side, then the increased secretion 
 is occasioned in the parotid of the opposite side.* 
 
 The results of these experiments are strictly in 
 accord with those on which I have already com- 
 mented ; arrested secretion by section of the motor 
 fibres of the vaso-motor nerves, increased secretion 
 by section of the fibres of Remak, and increased 
 secretion by excitation of the sensory nerves. 
 
 M. Claude Bernard divided the sympathetic in 
 the upper part of the dorsal region of a horse ; a 
 greatly increased vascularity was the immediate 
 result, and the corresponding parts of the surface 
 were bathed in sweat, f 
 
 He also found considerable distention of the peri- 
 cardial vessels, and serous exudation from them, 
 after injuring the cardiac ganglia of the sympathe- 
 tic. This experiment was repeated and verified by 
 Schiff, and Remak explained the phenomena by the 
 assumption that when the bloodvessels are deprived 
 of the inhibitory influence of the sympathetic nerves 
 proper, they dilate and allow blood-corpuscles to 
 
 * Medical Times and Gazette, 1860, p. 362. 
 f Ibid. 1861, p. 544. 
 
19 
 
 penetrate into those minute arterioles, through 
 which blood-plasma only should be propelled.* 
 
 On injuring the solar plexus, or on dividing the 
 main trunks of the sympathetic, Budge ascertained 
 that the circulation of the blood in the liver is 
 increased, and the secretion of bile augmented, and 
 in two cases he found the liver itself enlarged. On 
 extirpating the mesenteric plexuses in rabbits, the 
 faecal pellets became so soft that none of the ordi- 
 nary rounded masses were found in the rectum. 
 The faeces were pulpy, and covered over with a 
 slimy mucus.f M. Claude Bernard extirpated the 
 semilunar ganglia in a large shepherd's dog, and 
 observed the same results. J 
 
 Jaschkowitz, by dividing the sympathetic nerves 
 of the spleen in cats and dogs, caused an increased 
 flow of blood to that organ, and a copious deposit of 
 hsematin pigment in its cells. 
 
 In the experiments instituted by Bernstein on the 
 pancreas, he discovered that, notwithstanding the 
 absence of secretion in that organ during fasting, 
 on dividing the sympathetic nerves going to it, a 
 continuous flow of pancreatic fluid is produced.|| 
 The originating power of the ganglionic centres is 
 
 * The ulterior stages of inflammation have been still further ex- 
 plained by Waller, Eeicher, Cohnheim, and Strieker, by the proposi- 
 tion that pus-corpuscles are nothing but the colourless blood-corpuscles 
 filtered from the blood through the walls of capillary vessels. In a 
 very elaborate paper contained in Yirchow's Archiv, for September, 
 1867, Cohnheim demonstrates the truth of this proposition by exciting 
 inflammation in the peritoneum of frogs. 
 
 t Nova Acta, Acad. Cses. Leop. Car. Nat. Cur. xix. p. 257, 1860. 
 
 I Le9ons sur la Physiologic et la Pathologie du Systeme Nervaux. 
 Tome ii. p. 522. 
 
 Jaschkowitz de Discisionis Plexus Lienalis emcitate in Lienem. 
 
 H Sachs Akad. Sitzungberichte Math. Phys. Class, 1869. 
 
 B 2 
 
20 
 
 indicated by the fact, that when secretion is thus 
 artificially produced, it is not arrested by placing 
 the animal under the influence of woorara. The 
 special relation, moreover, in which the action of 
 the pancreas stands to the digestion of food, increas- 
 ing immediately after a meal, attaining its maxi- 
 mum about three hours after, and then gradually 
 diminishing,* shows the local centralisation of ner- 
 vous influence. 
 
 The structure of the kidneys is almost suggestive 
 of the function of each component part. 
 
 The Malpighian tufts, and the special capillaries 
 surrounding them, shut up within the Malpighian 
 capsules, in which there is but little of epithelial 
 cell structure, exhibit the most perfect contrivance 
 for that simple and independent filtration of fluid 
 which is known as exosmose a simple outpouring 
 of the watery part of the blood into the capsules, to 
 flush, as it were, the tortuous tubuli uriniferi in 
 front. 
 
 The cortorted tubuli, surrounded by their special 
 capillaries, to which the ultimate fibres of the renal 
 plexus have been traced, and constructed of base- 
 ment membrane, lined with the rounded, glandular 
 variety of epithelial cells, indicate a secretory struc- 
 ture; and here, undoubtedly, it is that the salts 
 which characterise the urine are eliminated from the 
 blood. 
 
 Section of the splanchnic nerves, as performed by 
 Eckhardt, induces hypersemia of these latter capil- 
 laries, albuminuria, and increased renal secretion ; 
 
 * Arbeiten aus der Physiologischen Anstaltzen. Leipzig, Vierter 
 Jahrgang, 1869. 
 
21 
 
 and Dr. James Tyson, of Pennsylvania, has shown 
 that by section or stimulation of the gangliated 
 nerve-fibres, the terminations of which he has traced 
 to the minute vessels surrounding the contorted 
 tubuli uriniferi, he produced either distended vessels 
 and an abundant secretion, or a diminished and 
 slower blood-current, and a corresponding secretion. 
 The question as to which of the three forms of 
 nerve- fibres it is that is subservient to the special 
 function of the secretory tissues, admits of a posi- 
 tive answer. It cannot be the fibres of Remak, 
 because when they are cut, secretion is increased ; 
 neither can it be the sensory fibres, for they are 
 centripetal nerves, and their influence can only be 
 of a reflex character. The motor fibres are those 
 only which, going to a gland, cannot be cut without 
 destroying secretion ; and those fibres, therefore, 
 must be the cause or condition of the phenomenon. 
 The sensory nerve-fibres may endow the secretory 
 cells with their vital sense, as exemplified in Bern- 
 stein's experiments on the pancreas ; but the motor 
 fibres must be immediately concerned in supplying 
 blood for increased secretion. 
 
 The following case is illustrative of my inference : 
 
 R. de L , aged forty-three, presented herself at 
 
 the Infirmary for Epilepsy and Paralysis, in July, 
 1869, complaining of spasm of the muscles supplied 
 by the facial nerve on the left side. Some two 
 years before she had a severe headache, after which 
 she awoke one morning with her mouth drawn to 
 the left side, with a feeling of stiffness, but no 
 anaesthesia. From that time any extraordinary 
 action of the muscles of the face induces a contrac- 
 
22 
 
 tion of the buccinator, masseter, digastric, stylo- 
 hyoid, and orbicularis palpebrarum muscles. The 
 act of sneezing, gaping, or blowing her nose, will 
 produce this spasm, which continues for five or six 
 minutes, when the face regains its tranquil appear- 
 ance. She has occasional dyspnoea, a copious flow of 
 saliva from the left parotid gland, and the left side of 
 the face and head often sweats when the right does 
 not. 
 
 The result of all similar experiments upon every 
 secreting organ in the animal body, is such as I 
 have described, and the inevitable inference is, that 
 without the motor nerve-fibre of the vaso-motor 
 nerves, secretion does not take place. 
 
 Let us now inquire What is the agency or in- 
 fluence of the sensory nerve-fibres in the sympa- 
 thetic system ? 
 
 When any pungent substance, such as mustard, is 
 placed in the mouth, it produces lacrymation, and 
 an increased flow of saliva. Such increment of 
 secretion results from the application of any excitant 
 to the extremities of the sensitive nerves, which 
 emanate from glandular organs. Professor Ludwig 
 has affirmed that the augmented exudation is owing 
 neither to contraction of the muscular elements of 
 the glands, nor to a change in the pressure of blood 
 in the organs, but apparently to the simple influence 
 on the secreting tissues ; that a stimulus to secretion 
 is set up, not by any direct influence on the blood- 
 vessels, but by an incitement set up in the secreting 
 glandular tissue. This may be a refinement on a 
 physiological definition ; for it is difficult to conceive 
 how secretion can be effected without a correspond- 
 
23 
 
 ing increase of vascular action, but it is the expres- 
 sion of an ideal reciprocation of tissue with tissue, 
 which is suggestive of spontaneity. A reciprocity, 
 according to Stilling, between sensory and vaso- 
 motor nerves. 
 
 The act of blushing is an apposite instance of the 
 correlation of sensitive and vaso-motor influences. 
 But paralysis of the sensory nerves, although it may 
 diminish, does not stop vascular action ; or, on the 
 occurrence of anaesthesia, gangrene should super- 
 vene in the parts deprived of sensation. The ten- 
 dency to such destruction may exist by virtue of 
 the response given by the motor nerves to those 
 which are rendered insensible, and, therefore, of 
 the loss of balance between the incentive and 
 restraining forces which act upon the bloodvessels. 
 More than forty years ago M. Majendie observed 
 that after division of the trigeminus in reptiles, 
 which resist the fatal influence longer than do the 
 mammalia, the side of the face on which the section 
 is made, did actually become gangrenous. 
 
 Paralysis of the trigeminus, however induced, 
 causes anaesthesia of the face and scalp, injection of 
 the conjunctivae, loss of secretion of the lacrymal 
 glands, leucoma, and ulceration of the corneae. A 
 case of this kind is reported by Dr. Althaus, in the 
 fifty-second volume of the " Medico -Chirurgical 
 Transactions." In that instance there was also a 
 continuous rushing noise in the head, an abundant 
 discharge of acrid mucus from the nose, and a 
 copious buccal exudation, although the secretion of 
 healthy saliva was arrested. 
 
 It is a curious fact, and a very interesting one 
 
24 
 
 that the section of a sensitive nerve is very apt to 
 be followed by a pseudo inflammation in the parts 
 to which the peripheral extremities of that nerve 
 are distributed. Professor Graefe has abundantly 
 proved that such apparent inflammation in distant 
 parts is very apt to follow the section of a sensory 
 nerve, by which those parts are supplied. He 
 asserts, that in operations on the eye, inflammation 
 is not so apt to occur when the ophthalmic nerve is 
 left uninjured, as when it is cut. According to the 
 view here taken of the special function of the sen- 
 sory sympathetic fibres, it is reasonable to suppose 
 that the phenomenon is due to a loss of tonicity of 
 the walls of the capillary vessels, owing to a sus- 
 pension of the inhibitory influence of the vaso- 
 motor nerves, and that blood-corpuscles may thus 
 penetrate into minute vessels, where only blood 
 plasma, nutritive fluid, or effete matter should be 
 carried to the surface. 
 
 It is this peculiar nerve influence, modifying 
 indirectly the nutrition of organs, which has given 
 rise to the idea of trophic nerves ; and in all cases 
 the nerves so implicated are sensory nerves. Their 
 action is exemplified in gastrodynia and dysme- 
 norrhosa, in which they induce an increased flow of 
 mucus, but in both diseases the pain is referable to 
 nervous irritation, and independent, as Ludwig 
 would have it, of vascularity of the secreting mem- 
 branes. 
 
 Many instances are on record in which the so- 
 called trophic nerves have manifested their influence 
 on the nutrition of parts after accidents, by which 
 the sensory nerves of those parts have been divided 
 
25 
 
 or destroyed. Three cases of the kind are related 
 by Mr. Simon in Holmes's System of Surgery * and 
 one lias been described by Mr. Nunn, f in which the 
 ulnar nerve was divided in a boy. The tempera- 
 ture of the hand fell to 10 Fahrenheit below that 
 of the sound side, and the muscles supplied by the 
 divided nerve were wasted in the course of two 
 months to one-third of their former bulk. The 
 London Hospital Reports for 1866 contain the 
 details of seven cases of a like nature, and Dr. John 
 Ogle describes a case of disease in which the sym- 
 pathetic must have been implicated, and a changed 
 condition of the vital attributes in the parts ensued, J 
 which, as in all the other instances, manifested itself 
 a long time after by a lowered temperature, a 
 defective nutrition, and a disposition to textural 
 degeneration. 
 
 I adduce these cases to illustrate the apparent 
 paradox of correlations, yet dissociation of cerebro- 
 spinal and vaso-motor nerves. 
 
 All these phenomena are necessarily induced by 
 reflex action, either through the cerebro- spinal axis 
 or the sympathetic ganglia ; and according as the 
 afferent nerve is excited or rendered apathetic, may 
 it either exalt or depress the functions of the ner- 
 vous centres upon which it acts. On this theory 
 Dr. Handfield Jones and Mr. Lister explain the 
 distant effects of morbid changes. 
 
 In the foregoing experiments, the effect of section 
 
 * Vol. i. p. 36. Second Edition. 
 
 t Pathological Transactions, 1866. 
 
 t Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. xli. 21st case. 
 
 British Medical Journal, February oth, 1859. 
 
26 
 
 of the fibres of Remak has been shown, in order to 
 judge of the resulting action of the motor and 
 sensory elements of the sympathetic system ; and it 
 is obvious that in all cases the attributes of the 
 sympathetic proper are the very antitheses to those 
 of the cerebro-spinal nerves. But as the sensitive 
 element exerts its immediate influence on the ner- 
 vous centres only, and the motor portion of the 
 ganglionic centres on the peripheric tissues, it may 
 be asserted that the latter and the fibres of Remak 
 are antagonistic in their action. 
 
 Accordingly it is found that the section of the 
 motor nerve of a gland produces precisely the same 
 effects as stimulation of the corresponding sympa- 
 thetic branch ; and, vice versa, that section of the 
 sympathetic has the same effect as stimulation of 
 the motor branch, both pointing to the fact which 
 M. Claude Bernard has enunciated that the nervous 
 filament which presides over the functions of a gland 
 is always from a motor nerve.* 
 
 I infer, therefore, that the special function of the 
 sensory fibres of the sympathetic is to communicate 
 a stimulus to the secretory glandular tissue, to give 
 an organic or vital sense to those tissues, just as the 
 muscular sense is conveyed from the muscles to the 
 nervous centres to communicate a stimulus to mus- 
 cular action. In other words, it is through the 
 indirect influence of the sensory nerves that the 
 vital phenomenon of secretion is induced, but by 
 the direct operation of the motor-nerve fibres. 
 
 To what particular tissues, then, and to what 
 
 * Medical Times and Gazette, 1861, p. 645. Lectures on the Spinal 
 Cord. 
 
27 
 
 special function, are the sympathetic nerves proper ', 
 or the fibres of Remak, subservient ? 
 
 Their actions are undoubtedly complex, yet I 
 hope to show (and I cannot discover from physiolo- 
 gists that I am mistaken) that those actions are 
 confined to the muscular coats of vessels only, and 
 that their function is chiefly to control the act of 
 nutrition. 
 
 I have had occasion to refer to the researches of 
 Dr. J. Tyson on the modes of distribution of nerves 
 to minute arteries, and he has shown how the 
 primitive fibrillse of nucleated nerves are disposed 
 upon the arterioles, which are distinguished by 
 transverse nuclear markings probably the con- 
 tractile elements and how other strands of naked 
 axial fibres, on the uriniferous tubes of the kidneys, 
 gradually become surrounded with a medullary tunic, 
 and then with the tunic of Schwann, to constitute 
 nerve-fibres which he believes to be sensory or 
 afferent nerves, conveying to the centres an impres- 
 sion, the response to which is transmitted to the 
 efferent nerves, or those which terminate on the 
 transverse marks of the arterioles, whereby they 
 contract or dilate their calibre. Such is the probable 
 disposition of the grey fibres on the coats of vessels. 
 
 As before observed, I have anticipated experi- 
 ments on the sympathetic fibres to show the 
 behaviour of the motor fibres without them ; and in 
 every instance in which the former have been 
 divided, an increased vascularity, an elevated tem- 
 perature, and an augmented secretion have resulted. 
 
 Another curious and instructive phenomenon 
 occurs when the blood is thus transmitted in a pre- 
 
28 
 
 ternatural quantity through the capillaries the 
 venous blood immediately becomes brighter in colour. 
 M. C. Bernard observed this fact in the coronary 
 veins on the left side of the lip of a horse after he 
 had divided the left cervical sympathetic.* 
 
 Now, the application of a weak electric current to 
 the peripheric end of the divided sympathetic 
 reverses all this. The calibre of the distended 
 capillaries is quickly reduced ; the temperature is 
 lowered, and may be depressed below the existing 
 degree in other parts, and secretion is diminished. 
 If the power of the current be increased, the circu- 
 lation may be entirely arrested ; so that, if examined 
 under a microscope, the capillary vessels will seem 
 to be completely empty. f Such is the invariable 
 result of stimulation of the nerves of Remak on the 
 capillaries ; and MM. Valentin, Henle, and Budge 
 have observed that the large blood-vessels contract, 
 when acted on by galvanism, through the medium 
 of the grey nerve-fibres which are supplied to them. 
 
 It appears, therefore, that all the conditions of 
 healthy circulation and secretion are fulfilled in the 
 
 / 
 
 reciprocal action of the three forms of nerve-fibres. 
 
 Make a section of them all, or cut away say the 
 renal of plexus and all secretion of urine is 
 arrested. 
 
 Increase the relative power of the motor nerve- 
 fibres, by section of the nerves of Remak, and you 
 establish a hyperaemia round about the Malpighian 
 tufts, and diuresis. 
 
 Increase the relative power of the nerves of 
 
 * La Clinique Europ., 1859 ; No. xxix. p. 282. 
 t Medical Times and Gazette, 1861, p. 543 : M. Claude Bernard on 
 the Spinal Cord. 
 
29 
 
 Kemak, by section of the motor fibres, and you 
 diminish circulation and secretion. 
 
 Increase the relative balance of power of either 
 motor or inhibitory nerve-fibres, either by gently 
 exciting the sensory nerves, or by painfully irritating 
 them, and you have, in the first case, increased 
 circulation and secretion, or, in the second case, the 
 very reverse. 
 
 The results of these experiments have their 
 analogues in the phenomena which we observe in a 
 case of cholera. 
 
 During the stage of collapse there is a paralysed 
 condition of the whole nervous system and suppres- 
 sion of urine, just as when section is made of the 
 renal plexus. 
 
 As the motor fibres of the ganglionic centres 
 recover power, lacking, however, the influence of the 
 sensory elements, they do not induce a healthy 
 secretion of the salts of the urine, but allow the 
 escape of albumen from the blood the first 
 phenomenon, according to Schonbein, observed in 
 diabetes as when the nuclei of the pneumogastric 
 nerves in the medulla oblongata are irritated. 
 
 By degrees the sensory nerves recover power, and 
 their influence is transmitted to the epithelial cells ; 
 imperfectly at first for as yet they are unchecked 
 by the nerves of Remak, and sugar is poured out 
 with, perhaps, a small portion of urea, just as was 
 observed by Eckhardt, when he divided the 
 splanchnic nerves, from which the abdominal 
 ganglionic centres chiefly derive their fibres. As 
 sugar appears albumen disappears. The slight 
 impulse, also, given by the sensory nerves increases 
 
30 
 
 the secretion of the aqueous component of the urine, 
 just as it is increased in diabetes. 
 
 At last the restraining nerve power of the 
 sympathetic proper is regained ; when, as above 
 stated, all the conditions of healthy circulation and 
 secretion are re-established. The sugar then gives 
 place to urea, and the healthy secretion of urine. 
 
 If all this be so, we have at once a solution of very 
 many physiological and pathological phenomena, 
 and, what is more, a clue to the rational treatment 
 or many diseases. 
 
 Mr. Moore, in his interesting little treatise " On 
 Going to Sleep," shows the one way only in which 
 sleep can occur ; and that, the action of the 
 sympathetic fibres in diminishing the arterial current 
 through the brain. One step more and we have the 
 key to the convulsions of teething ; for MM. Schiff 
 and Loven have shown that by irritating the peri- 
 pheric extremities of sensitive nerves a reflex 
 influence is produced on the vaso-motor nerves, 
 inducing contraction of the capillaries ;* and, as 
 MM. Kussmaul and Tenner have explained, con- 
 vulsions, t They have demonstrated, moreover, 
 that a suddenly induced anaemic state of the brain 
 produces epilepsy; and how frequently do both 
 convulsions and epilepsy occur during sleep ! Yet 
 another step in the arrest of circulation, and we have 
 the pathological state which M. Eckhardt has pro- 
 duced experimentally namely, an over-irritated 
 condition of the sensitive nerves reflected on the 
 
 * Ludwig's Arbeit, 1867. 
 
 t Nature and Origin of Epileptiform Convulsions. By Drs. 
 Kussmaul and Tenner (New Sydenham Society, 1859). 
 
31 
 
 vaso-motor nerves of the spine, and reflex paralysis 
 as a consequence. It is M, Claude Bernard's experi- 
 ment on the sympathetic over again ; and I believe 
 this to be the most frequent, if not the only, imme- 
 diate cause of infantile paralysis, which, as far as I 
 have been able to judge, is more relieved by the 
 application of warmth, as a local remedy, to the 
 spine, than by the stimulus of electricity. 
 
 In the above forms of convulsions, Dr. Marshall 
 Hall's idea, that when the influence of the cerebrum 
 is suddenly removed the augmented irritability is 
 reflected back on the vaso-motor nerves and muscles, 
 would appear to receive confirmation. 
 
 Hemicrania is said by M. Du-Bois Reymond, who 
 has studied it on his own person, to arise from 
 spasm of the muscular coats of the arteries of the 
 brain ; and M. Molendorff, although not agreeing 
 altogether with Du-Bois Reymond, considers that it 
 is dependent on an affection of the cranial vaso-motor 
 nerves. 
 
 It is a well-known fact that hemicrania is often 
 attended with disturbance of vision, and it is also 
 known that disturbed vision is sometimes the result 
 of a diminished supply of blood to the brain ; and 
 that nervous headache very often follows haemor- 
 rhage or other causes which induce a defective supply 
 of blood to the entire brain, or to one side of it, and 
 what more likely than spasm of the muscular coats 
 of the arteries ? 
 
 Now the active state of organs is unquestionably 
 the wasting state, and the quiescent condition that of 
 restoration. During mental activity the brain is 
 charged with arterial blood, and in the glands the 
 
32 
 
 active state is a state of congestion. During this 
 period the venous blood flowing from those organs 
 is of a bright red colour, just as was observed by 
 M. Bernard in the venous blood of the left coronary 
 vein in the lip of the horse, after section of the left 
 cervical sympathetic. 
 
 The period of sleep is regarded by Mr. Durham* 
 and Mr. Moore as the period of replenishing the 
 brain, and during the state of quiescence in glands 
 those organs recuperate themselves. Then it is that 
 the cerebro-spinal system is in abeyance, the fibres 
 of Remak dominate, and the venous blood flowing 
 from the organs is very dark in colour. 
 
 Thus the brain is subject to the common law 
 which regulates the circulation of blood in other 
 organs. When their function is excited the circu- 
 lation of blood is increased, when they are quiescent 
 the circulation is less active ; and the independence 
 of the local circulation of blood in the cerebro-spinal 
 centres has been accounted for by the presumed 
 ganglionic character of the arachnoid membrane of 
 the brain and spinal marrow. *f 
 
 In the face of all these phenomena it cannot be 
 doubted that nutrition chiefly is governed by the 
 sympathetic nerves, whilst local independence is 
 indicated by the local distribution of ganglionic 
 centres, and proved by local vascularity during 
 functional activity. 
 
 In illustration of these facts, I would observe that 
 reflex actions of vaso-motor nerves are limited to the 
 
 * Guy's Hospital Eeports, 1 860 : The Physiology of Sleep, 
 t Medico-Chimrgical Transactions, vol. xxix., p. 581 : paper by 
 G. Eainey, Esq. 
 
33 
 
 particular organs or parts supplied by those nerves ; 
 whilst the reflex actions of ordinary sensitive nerves 
 are manifested on both sides of the body; thus 
 showing that the first set of phenomena have their 
 centres in the sympathetic ganglia, and the latter in 
 the spinal cord. 
 
 When the salivary glands are stimulated by the 
 act of masticating and by the savour of food, the 
 blood-vessels of the glands become turgid, and the 
 glands themselves injected. The contact of food 
 quickens the circulation of the mucous membrane of 
 the stomach, and causes it to become red and tume- 
 fied. Again, during menstruation, a period of 
 nervous sensibility, the whole uterus is congested ; 
 the mucous lining throughout its whole extent is 
 hypertrophied and of a pink colour, increasing in 
 depth towards its fundus, where it attains a dark 
 livid colour, and is covered over with a quantity of 
 blood ; but the congestion does not extend beyond 
 the uterus, the Fallopian tubes, and the ovaries.* 
 
 These local phenomena are but the expression of a 
 general law, which is dependent on the distribution 
 of the ganglionic centres of the sympathetic system 
 to every important organ of the animal body ; and 
 if an additional proof be required that independent 
 nervous centres exist for the purpose of regulating 
 the local distribution of blood, I would adduce the 
 fact that, although local functions may be disturbed 
 by injuring portions of the brain to which the motor 
 and sensory nerves are affiliated, those local 
 functions are generally restored long before the 
 
 * Pathological Transactions, vol. xiii., p. 170 : Professor Harley 
 on the Uterus and its Appendages at the Catamenial Period. 
 
 C 
 
34 
 
 injured portions of the brain have had time to recover 
 their integrity. 
 
 The localisation of such centres is obviously con- 
 tingent on the position of the organs to which they 
 are subservient, for such is the distribution of the 
 ganglia in all animals from Echinodermata upwards ; 
 and each ganglionic centre, I suppose, gives nurture 
 and individuality to its special out-going nerves, 
 just as a modified soil may determine the quality of 
 a sapling which has been protruded from the root 
 of its parent tree. 
 
 From the foregoing considerations I conclude that 
 the sensitive nerves of every ganglionic centre 
 impart an influence, which I would call the vital 
 sense of an organ, affecting its histological tissues, 
 without operating immediately upon its bloodvessels ; 
 that the motor nerves, having their terminal fibres 
 extended to the extreme ramifications of the arterial 
 system, incite vascular action and secretion in 
 response to the vital sense; and that the grey 
 fibres of Remak, having a correlative ramification, 
 restrain and regulate the stream of nutriment which 
 is conveyed by the arterioles into the cell territory 
 for secretion or assimilation. 
 
 These three forms of nerves are capable of 
 adjusting the healthy balance of circulation so long 
 as they remain undisturbed by accident or disease. 
 
 If I may be allowed to compare organic with 
 inorganic things, I would represent the sensory 
 nerve of every ganglionic centre as the steam of 
 an engine, the ganglionic centre as the cylinder 
 and piston rod, the motor nerve as the fly-wheel, 
 and the fibre of Remak as the governors. 
 
35 
 
 In concluding this part of my subject I will offer 
 a few remarks on the pneumogastric nerves. 
 
 The nuclei from which the eighth pair of nerves 
 derive their roots occupy the same tracts of grey 
 nervous matter as do those from which every pair 
 of spinal nerves originate ;* and as their source is 
 analogous so also is their function, but being distri- 
 buted to very important organs, and very diver- 
 sified opinions being entertained concerning them, 
 I may be pardoned for considering them apart 
 from all other compound nerves associated with the 
 sympathetic system. 
 
 I need not dwell on the intercommunicating fibres 
 between the several nuclei in the medulla oblongata, 
 which associate the sensitive portions of the palate, 
 the pharynx, the epiglottis, the larynx, and the 
 respiratory mucous membrane, with the muscles of 
 deglutition, of the voice, and of respiration; nor 
 is it necessary to allude to the phenomena which 
 attend either the section or stimulation of the upper 
 branches of the pneumogastric, whether motor or 
 sensory ; the result of such experiments may be 
 predicated. Of the vascular and cardiac branches, 
 however, it is interesting to know that they are 
 distributed exclusively on the surfaces of vessels, or 
 round about the secreting cells of mucous surfaces. 
 
 Division of the pneumogastric nerves above the 
 cardiac branches is always fatal, and in almost all 
 cases death results from an excessive congestion of 
 the lungs, the capillary vessels being found in a 
 dilated condition, and a bloody serum exudes from 
 
 * Philosophical Transactions, vol. clviii., 1868 : On the Intimate 
 Structure of the Spinal Cord and Brain. By J. L. Clarke. 
 
 c 2 
 
36 
 
 them into the bronchial cells.* The secretion of 
 mucus is arrested, as we are led to expect from 
 corresponding results observed in all other cases, 
 where the sensory nerve-fibres of a ganglion are 
 destroyed, as those of the cardiac ganglion and of 
 the minute pulmonary ganglia must be in such an 
 operation. 
 
 It has been affirmed by some experimentalists 
 that the division of the vagi paralyses the oesophagus, 
 and arrests the secretion of gastric juice. The ex- 
 periments of Waller on section of the vagus will 
 explain how this may be the case ;f but many 
 careful observers, such as Breschet, Miiller, Milne 
 Edwards, Vavasseur, Holland, and Arnold, have 
 asserted that the gastric juice continues to be 
 secreted after section of the vagi.J 
 
 An experiment of Bernard's, however, tends to 
 explain the discrepancy, as well as to illustrate the 
 fact that the vagi have an influence on the special 
 vital sense of the stomach, and to associate its 
 secretion with such influence as transmitted from the 
 brain. He divided the two vagi of a dog which had 
 a large fistulous opening through the parietes of the 
 abdomen into the stomach, so that the interior of 
 that organ could be seen. After the animal had 
 fasted some time, when the stomach was empty, 
 and its internal surface coated over with mucus, he 
 removed the secretion by means of a soft sponge. 
 
 * " Le9ons sur la Physiologic et la Pathologie du Systeme Nervaux." 
 Par M. Claude Bernard, Tome ii. p. 520. 
 
 t Comptes Eendues : Waller on Section of the Spinal Eoots of the 
 Pneumogastric above the Inferior Ganglion, vol. xxxiv., p. 582-587. 
 
 J Dr. J. Eeid: Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. iii., 
 p. 900. 
 
37 
 
 No sooner was this done than the mucous membrane 
 became red and turgid, and poured out large drops 
 of gastric fluid, which trickled down its surface. At 
 this moment the two vagi were divided in the neck, 
 and immediately the membrane became pale, and 
 the secretion from being limpid and acid became 
 viscous, stringy, and alkaline.* 
 
 Notwithstanding all this, the ordinary supply of 
 blood to the stomach appears to be regulated by the 
 semilunar ganglia, the ultimate fibres of which 
 extend to the minute arterioles, which have their 
 middle coat entirely composed of muscular tissue. 
 
 These ganglia, and the coronary plexus of nerves 
 proceeding from them, appear to be the expanded 
 terminations of the splanchnic nerves, and the mul- 
 tipolar cells with which they communicate. The 
 right vagus terminates in the left semilunar ganglion, 
 and thus contributes, with the sympathetic, to form 
 the isolating centre wherein the attributes of nerve- 
 fibres are so modified as to subserve the local 
 requirements of the stomach. 
 
 Guided by analogy, we may infer that nerve- 
 fibres from the semilunar ganglion, after passing 
 through the gastro -hepatic omentum into the trans- 
 verse fissure of the liver to the coats of the vessels in 
 the capsule of Glisson, whither I have traced them, 
 terminate as other va so-motor nerves do, and that 
 the terminal fibrils of the pneumogastric or sensory 
 nerves are distributed to the acini and biliary ducts. 
 
 It is in this cell territory that the ganglionic 
 nerves adjust the balance of circulation, whereby, in 
 
 * "Le9ons sur la Physiologie et la Pathologic du Systeme 
 Nervaux." Tome ii. p. 417, 1858. 
 
38 
 
 the healthy liver, the substance which Dr. Pavy has 
 termed hematine is secreted. " This substance is prone 
 to rapid transformation into sugar when in contact 
 with complex nitrogenised animal materials ;"* and 
 after death (the force or condition preventing sac- 
 charine metamorphosis being lost) the transformation 
 does take place. Now section of the splanchnic 
 nerves induces an increased amount of sugar, and 
 therefore an increased secretion of hematine.f 
 Stimulation of the vagi has precisely the same 
 effect. J But section of the vagi arrests the secretion 
 of hematine, seeing that no trace of sugar in the 
 liver is found after death. 
 
 It is thus that the innervation of the blood-vessels 
 of all the abdominal organs may be effected, and the 
 heart itself may regulate the general circulation by 
 the dictates communicated to it by reflex action from 
 the sensitive fibres of the pneumogastsic nerves, and 
 which are responded to by the motor fibres, or by 
 the fibres of the sympathetic proper. 
 
 MM. Cyon and Ludwig have shown that it is 
 through the splanchnics that these responses of the 
 heart are communicated over the widest system of 
 vessels in the body.|| 
 
 The sensitive nerve by which the reflex action of 
 the heart is originated is a separate nerve in 
 rabbits, and may be demonstrated as such. It is 
 formed by two roots one from the trunk of 
 
 * Dr. Pavy : Guy's Hospital Eeports, vol. v.'p. 204. 
 
 t Leyons sur la Physiologie et la Pathologie, &c., Tome ii. p. 529. 
 
 t Ibid., Exp. 21 Janvier, 1853, p. 144. 
 
 Ibid., p. 435. 
 
 || Cours Scientifiques, 1868, p. 421. 
 
39 
 
 the pneumogastric, the other from the superior 
 laryngeal nerve. It descends by the side of the 
 carotid artery and sympathetic nerve, and on enter- 
 ing the thorax it communicates with branches from 
 the first thoracic ganglion, and is eventually lost in 
 the substance of the heart. 
 
 If this nerve be divided in the neck, irritation 
 communicated to the lower cut end produces no 
 effect ; but if the upper or centripetal cut end be 
 irritated, a very sensible effect is produced on the 
 blood-pressure in the carotid arteries. 
 
 By such a system of innervation the heart appears 
 to be capable of regulating its own action according 
 to circumstances, by exerting a reflex action on the 
 important vaso -motor nerves of the general cir- 
 culation. 
 
 The sensibility of the walls of the heart being 
 excited by too large a supply of blood, reflex action 
 is set up, which dilates the capillaries, diminishes 
 the blood pressure, and causes the blood to accumu- 
 late in the periphery. If, on the contrary, the 
 internal sensibility of the heart be too feebly excited, 
 the peripheric vessels contract, and blood is attracted 
 to the heart. 
 
 That ganglia exist in the substance of the heart 
 itself was an a priori inference before Dr. Robert Lee 
 demonstrated their existence ; but that any of these 
 ganglia are specially inhibitory or specially ac- 
 celerating is, to my mind, an absurdity to suppose. 
 In the comparatively membranous hearts of fishes 
 and of some reptiles such ganglia exist, and the 
 microscope reveals both grey and white fibres as 
 connected with them. Each ganglion, therefore, is 
 
40 
 
 undoubtedly the centre of antagonistic nerve-fibres, 
 and, consequently, of antagonistic actions. 
 
 The facts which I have thus strung together surely 
 prove that in all cases, and in all organs, when the 
 nerve-fibres of the sympathetic proper are in abey- 
 ance, and the motor nerve-fibres of the vaso-motor 
 nerves are unchecked, hypersemia of the capillaries 
 is induced, and increased secretion the result ; and 
 vice versa when the motor fibres of the vaso-motor 
 nerves are in abeyance, and the nerve-fibres of 
 Remak are unrestrained, anaemia of the capillaries 
 is induced, and arrest of secretion the result. 
 
 On such positive data all other sciences have been 
 established ; but in medicine alone, as I have else- 
 where shown, the human mind has been taxed to 
 the utmost in constructing opinions, the conflicting 
 nature of which has been but too t>ften taken advan- 
 tage of by the most dexterous charlatans ; and it is 
 with a view to assist in removing such reproach that I 
 will utilise the foregoing facts for the purpose of 
 showing that most remedial agents which have been 
 used without an adequate appreciation of their special 
 mode of action, may be employed with a positive 
 knowledge of the tissues on which they act, and of 
 their mode of action. And I venture to hope that 
 my observations will be found to agree with the 
 widest experience, and that they will commend 
 themselves to the most practical good sense. 
 
41 
 
 SECOND PART. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS IN SUPPORT OF A BATIONAL SYSTEM 
 OF THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 IF it be true, as I have attempted to show, that 
 every ganglionic centre of the sympathetic system 
 of nerves has three distinct elements over and above 
 the ganglionic cells, and that each element or nerve- 
 fibre has its own special attributes, I will further 
 endeavour to interpret, by the aid of the experi- 
 ments and observations which I have adduced, the 
 modus operandi of many medicinal agents, and to 
 found upon the knowledge so acquired a rational 
 system of therapeutics. 
 
 Take, for instance, the fact shown by M. Claude 
 Bernard, that section of the sympathetic proper 
 induces increased vascularity and elevation of tem- 
 perature in the parts to which those sympathetic 
 nerves are supplied, together with the fact that 
 there are certain medicines which have the faculty 
 of diminishing vascularity and lowering tempera- 
 ture, and we have at once some reason to suppose 
 that the agents in question have the power either 
 to subdue the force which is set free by the section 
 of the sympathetic, or to increase the force which 
 the sympathetic exercises as a restraining or inhibi- 
 tory agent. 
 
 In some forms of inflammation and inflamma- 
 tion, in some form or other, lies at the root of most 
 diseases we have the pathological counterpart of 
 
42 
 
 the result induced by section of the sympathetic a 
 state in which, owing to the loss of the inhibitory 
 influence of the nerve-fibres of Remak, blood-cor- 
 puscles penetrate into those minute arterioles through 
 which blood-plasma only should be propelled. 
 
 Now, in the spurred rye (ergot a), we have an 
 agent which produces the very opposite effect. By 
 increasing the inhibitory influence of the nerves of 
 Remak, it diminishes the calibre of vessels, and not 
 only shuts out blood-corpuscles from the capillaries, 
 but also the blood-plasma itself, and so restrains 
 many forms of haemorrhage. M. Brown-Sequard 
 affirms that he has seen a manifest diminution in 
 the calibre of blood-vessels in the pia mater of the 
 spinal cord take place in dogs after they had 
 swallowed large doses of ergota ; and in the convul- 
 sive ergotism which occurred in Germany in 1770 
 dry gangrene was a constant accompaniment. 
 
 Counter-irritants have a similar effect, but in a 
 modified degree. M. Loven has shown that by irri- 
 tating the peripheric extremities of sensitive nerves, 
 a reflex influence is produced on the vaso-motor 
 nerves, of an inhibitory character, effecting a dimi- 
 nution of the calibre of vessels.* 
 
 At a meeting of German naturalists and phy- 
 sicians held at Innsbruck in 1869, Professor Heiden- 
 hain, of Breslau, enunciated the fact, which he had 
 observed from many experiments, that irritation of 
 sensitive nerves produces a rapid diminution of the 
 blood heat. I He also noticed a sensible decrease in 
 the calibre of vessels, and a less frequent pulse. 
 
 * British Medical Journal, June llth, 1870. 
 t Ibid,, Dec. 18th, 1869. 
 
43 
 
 According to Professor Stilling', " there is a con. 
 staiit reflex influence maintained by a sensitive 
 nerve upon the blood-vessel nerves." An excitant 
 applied to the extremities of a sensitive nerve 
 induces an increased flow of blood ; but if the 
 extremities of a sensitive nerve be destroyed or 
 paralysed, a corresponding reflex action is induced 
 on the motor fibres of the vaso-motor nerves, the 
 ascendency is given to the inhibitory nerve-fibres of 
 Remak, and a diminished flow of blood ensues. 
 
 Schiif ascertained the fact that if the skin be 
 tickled or gently nibbed, the capillaries of the part 
 so excited dilate ; but if great force be used in 
 rubbing, or if the extremities of the sensitive nerves 
 are greatly irritated, the capillaries do not dilate ? 
 but firmly contract.* The strangury, for instance, 
 which is often occasioned by a blister applied to the 
 loins, is attended with a very scanty secretion. 
 
 It has been objected to counter-irritants that no 
 physiological explanation of their action can be 
 given ; but M. Loven's demonstration of the effect 
 of irritation of the extremities of sensitive nerves 
 appears to me a good and valid explanation. The 
 observations which I have made on the so-called 
 trophic nerves, and the influence they have on the 
 vital attributes of parts, by increasing or diminish- 
 ing the supply of blood, have a direct bearing on 
 this interesting subject. 
 
 Just as the localized ganglionic centres of inner- 
 vation have an independent action, and accelerate 
 or retard the vascular function of any organ, so have 
 we medicinal agents which localize their power on 
 
 * "Year-book of Medicine and Surgery" for 1862, p. 19. 
 
44 
 
 some special organ, and excite or restrain the func- 
 tions of that organ, in a similar manner as does the 
 section of the nerves of Remak, on the one hand, or 
 the section of the motor fibres of the ganglionic 
 centres, on the other. A delicate method of exem- 
 plifying the above proposition in a general way is 
 by introducing into the blood poisonous substances 
 which exert their action on special tissues, whilst, 
 anatomically, those tissues maintain their integrity. 
 Thus, we may suspend the vital functions of differ- 
 ent portions of the nervous system. Anaesthetics, 
 for instance, put a stop to sensation, whilst they 
 leave motion intact. On the other hand, curare 
 and aconitine suspend motion, whilst they leave 
 sensation and volition intact. 
 
 We know that opium and chloral exert their 
 action on the brain; digitalis and aconite on the 
 heart ; mercury and opium* on the liver ; turpen- 
 tine and uva-ursi on the kidneys ; phosphorus and 
 bromide of potassium on the organs of generation, 
 etc. 
 
 Some of these drugs undoubtedly act on other 
 parts of the body than those with which I have 
 associated them ; but for the purpose of suggesting a 
 system of rational therapeutics I have ventured to 
 refer to each as the type of a category in which 
 others may be found to have a more exclusive, 
 though perhaps less positive, action. 
 
 I have purposely named them in pairs, because I 
 wish to show that each one has an antagonistic 
 action to that with which I have conjoined it : thus, 
 
 * The ulterior or sedative influence of opium on the sensory nerves 
 is here alluded to. 
 
45 
 
 whilst opium stimulates the circulation, and pro- 
 duces an excitement of the motor nerves which often 
 supersedes its hypnotic influence, chloral restrains 
 the blood-current by acting as a powerful sedative 
 to the motor and sensory nervous centres, and so 
 suspends the activity which opium sets up. Opium 
 accelerates the pulse, raises the temperature of the 
 skin, increases the secretions of saliva and sweat, 
 injects the conjunctive, and according to Dr. J. 
 Harley if these manifestations of vascular excite- 
 ment are prolonged, as they may be by repeating 
 the medicine, they end in dilatation of the capil- 
 laries, general congestion, and imperfect oxidation 
 of the blood ; whereas chloral is a powerful sedative 
 to the nervous system. Instead of accelerating the 
 pulse, it reduces its frequency ; instead of raising the 
 temperature of the skin, it lowers it ; and instead of 
 increasing the secretion of saliva and sweat, it 
 diminishes both. 
 
 I will quote one instance out of many already 
 recorded, and from a source which may be the more 
 readily accepted, because no theory is sought to be 
 established in the description. In a case of puer- 
 peral mania treated by Dr. Head in the London 
 Hospital, two drachms of the hydrate of chloral were 
 given to the patient between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m., 
 after which she slept twenty-four hours. Previous 
 to the first dose her pulse was 120 ; her temperature 
 102*4 ; and her respiration 30 ; after the chloral her 
 pulse was 96 ; her temperature 99, and her respira- 
 tion 21 ; she complained, moreover, of great thirst. 
 
 Now, in cases of congestion of the brain, where 
 stupor but wakefulness are the characteristic symp- 
 
46 
 
 toms, surely it is more consistent with reason to 
 give the chloral hydrate, or conium, than opium to 
 procure sleep. I had a patient the subject of sun- 
 stroke, which occurred in Cuba in the summer of 
 1870. The gentleman came to England suffering 
 from the effects in a state of mental hallucination, 
 perfectly oblivious of having been to Cuba, feverish, 
 and wakeful, and in a condition of constant restless- 
 ness. After several days, during which all the 
 symptoms continued, two doses of chloral completely 
 changed the whole aspect of the case. He fell into 
 a state of almost constant sleep, but on waking had 
 glimmerings of consciousness and memory ; and, in 
 short, somewhat to my surprise and that of Dr. 
 Burrows, whose kind assistance I had, the patient 
 eventually recovered. 
 
 Chloral, by diminishing the activity of the motor 
 element of the vaso-motor nerves, appears to give 
 the supremacy to the restraining or inhibitory 
 fibres of Remak, and to diminish the calibre of 
 vessels. The anaemic condition of the brain when 
 under the influence of chloral may be demonstrated 
 by the ophthalmoscope. 
 
 In an able address, read by Professor Laycock 
 before the British Medical Association at Newcastle 
 in 1869, it was shown that " no change in the mind 
 or consciousness can or does take place without a 
 coincident change in the brain ; " u that the poten- 
 tial energy of the brain is the greatest of all kinds 
 of vital energy, and requires a larger supply of blood 
 to maintain it;" " that much more force as motion is 
 used in mental than in bodily activity in the same 
 time ;" in other words, the larger the supply of 
 
47 
 
 blood the greater the energy of function. And in 
 what diseases do we find the greatest amount of 
 hypersemia of the brain ? Why in cerebritis and 
 mania, in which the physical results are precisely 
 those induced artificially, by M. Claude Bernard, 
 by section of the sympathetic in the neck, and, in a 
 less degree, by opium. And what remedies have 
 we which induce a directly opposite effect on the 
 cerebral circulation? Chloral, as I have said, is 
 one ; and the results of the tentatives, in the way of 
 drugs, by physicians whose attention is directed to 
 insanity exclusively, begin to show that on chloral 
 will they mainly depend in that disease. Need I 
 quote a better authority than that of Dr. Clouston, 
 of Carlisle, who recommends to the Medico-Psycho- 
 logical Association the use of chloral, to reduce the 
 temperature, to lower the pulse, and to induce sleep / 
 whilst (says he) opium and cannabis have an oppo- 
 site effect.* 
 
 Conium, when taken in large doses, also acts as a 
 sedative on the motor fibres of the vaso-motor 
 nerves, and produces anaemia of the brain, f as do 
 cicuta virosa, the aconitum napellus, and many of 
 the Ranunculacese. 
 
 On the other hand, if we are satisfied that a 
 sudden interruption of the nutritive supply of blood 
 to the brain be the cause of an epileptic fit, as Kuss- 
 maul and Tenner have attempted to prove, J then it 
 would appear that opium or medicines producing 
 
 * British and Foreign Medico- Chirurgical Review, October, 1870. 
 t " Old Vegetable Neurotics " (Dr. J. Harley), p. 13. 
 t Kussmaul and Teener on Convulsions, New Sydenham Society, 
 1859.. 
 
48 
 
 directly or indirectly analogous results, should be 
 combined with that which is known to prevent 
 spasm of the glottis, on which the sudden arrest of 
 blood to the brain may depend. I say directly or 
 indirectly because I am satisfied that I have often 
 found the addition of digitalis, which stimulates the 
 heart, and induces an efficient contraction of the 
 ventricles, with bromide of potassium, which pre- 
 vents spasm of the glottis, effective in suspending 
 epilepsy, when the bromide of potassium alone has 
 failed. The oxide of silver, I think, acts precisely 
 in the same way. I should here remark, however, 
 that the ophthalmoscope, when used for determining 
 the condition of the fundus of the eye, under the 
 influence of the bromide of potassium, indicates an 
 increased vascularity of the optic disc and retina ten 
 minutes after the administration of half-a-drachm of 
 that drug, and shows an increasing congestion 
 during the lapse of several hours; hence, it is 
 inferred that the bromide of potassium tends to 
 produce congestion of the brain.* 
 
 M. Du-Bois Reymond attributes hemicrania to 
 spasm of the muscular coats of the arterioles of the 
 brain ; and Mollendorf recognises a form of anaemic 
 hemicrania as resulting from irritation of the sym- 
 pathetic, causing contraction of the minute vessels 
 of the brain. And what medicines do we give to 
 relieve such form of headache? Why, precisely 
 those which impart an impetus to the cerebral circu- 
 lation, as section of the sympathetic does, stimu- 
 lants and opium, and we also enjoin the recumbent 
 
 * " On the Action of certain Neurotics on the Cerebral Circulation." 
 By Patrick Nicol, M.D., Physician to the Bradford Infirmary, and 
 Isaac Mossop, L.E.C.P.E., of Edinburgh. 
 
49 
 
 position, which has incidentally an influence in 
 restoring a healthy blood current to the brain. 
 
 On such theory M. Bornetwick explains the cura- 
 tive action of ammonia and caffein, as stimulating 
 the motor fibres of the vaso-motor nerves. And 
 quinine, although it may stimulate the nerve-fibres 
 of Remak, increases the blood-pressure, and sends 
 an increased quantity of blood through the arterioles 
 in a given time in such cases. Mollendorf also 
 describes a form of congestive hemicrania, in which 
 mild galvanism to the sympathetic in the neck is an 
 effective remedy. I suppose the hydrate of chloral 
 would be equally effective. 
 
 We have seen that section of the nerves of Remak 
 which supply the parotid and submaxillary glands, 
 is productive of an increase both in the circulation 
 and secretion of those organs. Stimulation of the 
 motor fibres by the administration of mercury super- 
 induces the same phenomena. The antagonistic 
 result, occasioned by section of the motor fibres, or 
 by stimulation of the sympathetic proper, which go 
 to these glands, is also induced by atropia. This 
 latter alkaloid produces complete dryness of the 
 tongue, roof of the mouth, and soft palate, extend- 
 ing more or less down the pharynx and larynx, 
 rendering the voice husky, and often inducing dry 
 cough and difficulty of deglutition, a parched state 
 of the lips, and, occasionally, dryness of the mucous 
 membranes of the nose and eyes.* That atropia 
 localises its action in this way on the salivary 
 glands and on the mucous surfaces of the pharynx 
 and larynx, the epithelial structure of which belongs 
 to the category of glands, is proved by the occur- 
 
 * " Old Vegetable Neurotics," pp. 203, 4. 
 
 D 
 
50 
 
 rence of the same phenomena when atropia is 
 injected into the subcutaneous tissue in any part of 
 the body. We have, therefore, medicinal agents 
 which stimulate or restrain the functions of the 
 salivary glands, just as section or stimulation of the 
 different nerves stimulates or restrains them ; and I 
 can imagine no other means of accounting for such 
 medicinal action than its influence on the vaso- 
 motor nerves. 
 
 When M. Claude Bernard divided the thoracic 
 portion of the gangliated cord in the horse, he 
 found that increased vascularity of the lungs and 
 pericardium, together with serous exudation, were 
 the results. Lobelia and digitalis also induce in- 
 creased vascularity; but when the sympathetic nerve 
 fibres retain their integrity, it would be unreasonable 
 to expect the blood-stasis which generally results 
 from section of those fibres. Chloral, acetate of lead, 
 and, according to Mr. Blake,* the injection of the 
 salts of soda into the blood, causing contraction of 
 the pulmonary arteries, have the contrary effect. 
 
 I have a patient, a lady aged forty, who has occa- 
 sionally attacks of asthma. Sometimes it assumes 
 the dry form, when she is generally relieved by 
 smoking stramonium until expectoration occurs. 
 Sometimes the disease appears as humoral asthma of 
 the old authors, when chloral relieves her quickly. 
 She has once or twice taken chloral in the dry 
 catarrhal attacks, and on each occasion to use her 
 own expression has felt as though a tiger had hold 
 of her throat. In the humoral form, if she smokes, 
 the breathing is not relieved, but congestive head- 
 ache follows for a day or two. 
 
 * Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. liv. pp. 341-346. 
 
51 
 
 In bronchitis, with emphysema, where, in conse- 
 quence of profuse secretion and impaired aeration of 
 blood the nights are sleepless, chloral diminishes 
 secretion, produces sleep, and promotes recovery ; 
 whilst opium will have the contrary effect. Cases 
 illustrative of these facts are reported by Dr. 
 Waters, of Liverpool.* Counter-irritation, on the prin- 
 ciple I have quoted, as enunciated by MM. Loven 
 and Hidenhain, has also a beneficial effect in humoral 
 asthma; and Mr. Gaskoin has reported a case in 
 point in the British MedicalJournal (March 30, 1872). 
 
 According to Schiff, Kosenthal, and others, very 
 feeble electric excitement of the vagus, below the 
 inferior cervical ganglion, increases the force and 
 frequency of the heart's action, probably by acting 
 on the special cardiac accelerator nerve, which, as 
 M. Cyon has shown, emerges from the spinal cord 
 with the third branch of the inferior cervical gan- 
 glion; more violent excitement exhausts' the irrita- 
 bility of the vagus, and stops the action of the heart. 
 Small and repeated doses of digitalis also increase 
 the force and frequency of the heart's action. It 
 may be objected that the physiological action of 
 digitalis on the heart presents certain anomalies ; and 
 that some authors have ascribed to it an enervating 
 influence, although others regard it as essentially 
 stimulating. Dr. Sanders, of Edinburgh, was one 
 of the first to affirm that, in small doses, digitalis 
 occasions an increased action of the heart and febrile 
 symptoms generally. Orfila endorsed that opinion, 
 and Professor Christison has added the weight of his 
 testimony to the same. In point of fact, it is now 
 generally admitted that digitalis acts as a stimulus 
 
 * Lancet, May 4th, 1872. 
 
 D 2 
 
52 
 
 to the heart; producing, where deficient power, 
 irregular action, and dyspnoea exist, a more complete 
 ventricular contraction, a firmer and more regular 
 pulse, and relief from impeded respiration.* During 
 the stimulating influence, secretion is increased, by 
 virtue of the law which ] have quoted, as dependent 
 on the distribution of tho ganglionic centres of the 
 sympathetic system to every important organ. 
 Where it is an object to enlarge the capillaries, and 
 diminish the blood-pressure within them and I 
 have alluded to some cases of epilepsy as examples, 
 it seems but reasonable to give digitalis. 
 
 Excitation of the sympathetic trunk alone in the 
 neck (and it may be done in rabbits, in which the 
 vagus and sympathetic run separately) always causes 
 increased blood-pressure, a lowering of tempera- 
 ture, but no alteration in the frequency of the cardiac 
 beats ;f and such are the effects of aconite. Dr. 
 Wilks has given it in active inflammatory diseases, 
 in acute rheumatism associated with endocarditis, 
 and with satisfactory results. It appears to con- 
 tract the arterioles, to prevent the accumulation of 
 blood-corpuscles and their filtration through the 
 capillary walls, to lower the temperature, and to 
 abate the symptoms of fever generally. In short it 
 stimulates the dormant activity of the fibres of 
 Eemak, and by so doing diminishes the calibre of 
 
 * Cases illustrative of such influence are given by Dr. B. D. Taylor, 
 of the Bellevue Hospital, New York, in the New York Medical 
 Journal for Nov., 1870 ; and Dr. Milner Fothergill, in the Hastings 
 Prize Essay for 1870, has shown that digitalis is a member of a group 
 of agents possessing such qualities. See also the British and Foreign 
 Med.-Chir. Review, July, 1871 : " Digitalis and Heart Diseases;" by 
 Balthazar W. Foster, M.D., Professor of Medicine in Queen's College, 
 Birmingham. 
 
 t Gmellin's Pflanzengiffce, p. 717. 
 
53 
 
 the arterioles. It is an interesting fact also that 
 this drug appears to possess some of the attributes 
 of a counter-irritant, for when chewed it produces 
 intense tingling of the lips and tongue, and instances 
 have occurred in which the leaves have blistered 
 the skin. Dr. Fothergill has shown how that digitalis 
 and aconite produce opposite action.* 
 
 I have described how the peculiar innervation of 
 the heart renders that organ capable of regulating its 
 own action, by exerting a reflex action on the wide- 
 spread vaso-motor nerves of the general circulation. 
 
 Fever presents us with a pathological instance of 
 the independent condition of the organs of circula- 
 tion. With a contracted pupil there is a rise of tem- 
 perature, the walls of the heart are preternaturally 
 excited, the balance of function is suspended, the 
 motor fibres of the vaso-motor nerves obtain the 
 supremacy, and it is precisely those medicines 
 which depress their function, or which stimulate the 
 fibres of Remak, which are found to be most 
 effectual as remedial agents. The alkaloid of vera- 
 trum, extolled as a remedy in fever by Trousseau 
 and Aran in France, and by Vocher in Germany, 
 has been carefully studied by Dr. Horatio Wood, of 
 Philadelphia, who has determined that it exerts no 
 direct influence on the brain ; but that it depresses 
 the functions of the spinal cord and heart, diminishes 
 sensibility, restrains the action of the vaso-motor 
 nerves, renders the respiration slower, and reduces 
 the temperature of the body.f 
 
 But whilst its effect in lowering the temperature 
 is conspicuous, the gastric and cardiac symptoma 
 
 * Hastings Prize Essay, 1870. 
 American Journal of Medical Sciences, January, 1870. 
 
54 
 
 which it evokes are sometimes so serious that we 
 should give it with much circumspection, until we 
 have data for predicating the class of cases in which 
 these untoward effects are apt to be induced. 
 
 Aconitine and curarine have also the faculty of 
 destroying the motor power of nerves, manifestly 
 rendering those nerves incapable of conveying im- 
 pression to the muscles ; for the muscles themselves 
 do not lose their contractility.* 
 
 We have the testimony of Dr. J. Harley that 
 belladonna localises its action on the sympathetic 
 nerves; that in moderate doses it induces a tonic 
 and slightly contracted condition of the whole of 
 the circulatory tubes, accompanied by increased 
 force and frequency of the heart's action. " The 
 blood," says he, "is equally distributed, and the 
 circulation in any given part is so tight and rapid 
 that it really contains a little less blood than when 
 in a quiescent state, and the tissue is consequently 
 a little paler. But the quantity which passes 
 through it in a given time is generally increased, "f 
 After the use of moderate doses these effects are 
 maintained throughout. Hence it suggests itself as 
 a remedy in fever, and the more so as, being 
 eliminated by the kidneys, it increases the secretion 
 of urine. According to Dr. Meuriot, it also in- 
 creases the secretion of bile, and predisposes to 
 perspiration.J Mr. Christopher Heath, who has 
 found it useful in fever, states that it reduces vas- 
 cularity by diminishing the calibre of small vessels. 
 
 * MM. Grehaut and Duquesnel, Comptes Eendus 73, p. 209. 
 t Dr. J. Harley ; The Old Vegetable Neurotics. 
 \ Dr. Meuriot; De la Methode Physiologique a 1'Etude de la 
 Belladonna. 
 
55 
 
 We have seen how it exercises a direct action on 
 the salivary glands. 
 
 Quinine, beberia, and other antipyretic tonics 
 appear to stimulate the nerves of Eemak somewhat 
 in the same manner. If it be true, as M. Binz has 
 affirmed, that quinine prevents the formation of 
 white corpuscules in the blood, which are never 
 destined to arrive at the stage of red corpuscules a 
 process involving waste of force, accompanied with 
 much deleterious heat ; the increased blood pressure 
 in the contracted arterioles may restrain the meta- 
 morphosis of the blood globules, as supposed by 
 M. Binz. The observations of Drs. Nicol and Mossop 
 confirm the assumption that quinine diminishes the 
 calibre of the arterioles. 
 
 Chloral, also, as a sedative to the sensory and 
 motor nerves, re-acts on the vaso-motor nerves, 
 lowers the temperature of the body, diminishes 
 perspiration, and relieves the symptoms of fever 
 generally, except that, like atropia, it does not allay 
 thirst;* and that is perfectly consistent with its 
 action generally of diminishing secretion. May not 
 the apparent discrepancy in the fact that atropia in- 
 creases abdominal secretion whilst chloral diminishes 
 it, yet that both are beneficial in fever, be explained 
 by the stimulating influence of atropia on the fibres 
 of Remak and by the sedative action of chloral on 
 the motor fibres of the vaso-motor nerves ? If so, 
 we have remedies for fever generally, yet calculated 
 to meet contrary exigencies in the course of that 
 disease. It has been said that chloral was used in 
 some of the French ambulances during the late war 
 as a remedy against pyaemia, and this faculty, I 
 apprehend, can depend only on the fact that, by 
 
 * Bulletin General de Therapeutique, November 30th, 1869. 
 
56 
 
 deadening the influence of the motor fibres of the 
 vaso-motor nerves, it virtually puts the fibres of 
 Remak in a condition to occlude the minute vessels. 
 
 A volume might be written on the correlation of 
 nerve and medicinal action upon the minute vessels 
 of the stomach, and on the function of that organ 
 generally ; but the special influence of each does not 
 appear to me to admit of the proof which I conceive 
 to be adducible in relation to more exclusively 
 glandular structures, because the evidence upon 
 which any satisfactory inferences can be founded is 
 so conflicting that I will not attempt to force the 
 sway of fancy into the throne of truth. When men 
 like Bernard, Kolliker, and Heidenhain, maintain one 
 view respecting the influence of the pneumo-gastric 
 and splanchnic nerves on the stomach, and Bidder, 
 Vulpian, and Nasse entertained the very opposite, I 
 may be excused from speculating on either side. 
 
 My conviction, however, is that the very same 
 operation of medicinal agents on the respective 
 fibres on the vaso -motor nerves which is localised, 
 more or less, in other organs, obtains also in the 
 stomach. Thus tartar emetic, taken into the 
 stomach, injected into the veins, or even when 
 rubbed into the palms of the hands,* produces 
 redness and turgidity of the whole mucous surface 
 of the stomach and intestines, and increased secre- 
 tion precisely as does section of the splanchnic 
 nerves or stimulation of the vagi, as performed by 
 Bernard (see page 19) ; whereas lead, hydrocyanic 
 acid, chloral, and opium, produce the same effect 
 as does division of the vagi. 
 
 * Mem. of the London Medical Society, vol. ii. p, 386. 
 
57 
 
 The influence possessed by the ganglionic nerve- 
 centres on the chemical phenomena of life, can be 
 simulated, increased, or diminished by special 
 medicines. The increased supply of hematine in 
 the cells of the liver, as caused by section of the 
 sympathetic nerve-fibres, or by stimulating the 
 pneumo-gastric nerves, may also be induced by 
 mercury and iodine, and the very opposite effect 
 attends the secondary action of opium, as I will 
 presently explain. 
 
 And here I would adduce the liver to prove that 
 something more than mere vascular fulness is 
 necessary for the functional action of a secreting 
 tissue ; for such dilatation of vessels may, and often 
 does, occur without a corresponding secretion of 
 bile. By the suspension of the reflex influence of 
 the sensory nerve-fibres, active hypersemia of the 
 hepatic artery may lead to hypertrophy of the organ, 
 or hypersemia of the portal veins may result in 
 structural degeneration, without an increased out- 
 pouring of bile at any time. 
 
 Arguing on the experiments of Dr. Pavy and 
 M. Claude Bernard (page 38), Drs. Devergie and 
 Foville supposed that after section of the vagi the 
 glycogenic function of the liver was paralyzed ; that 
 in diabetes they saw a vicarious function performed 
 by the kidneys, and that by awakening the vaso- 
 motor filaments of the sympathetic, and restoring 
 the capillary circulation in the liver, diabetes should 
 cease in many cases. Arsenic was employed to 
 fulfil this purpose, and it succeeded. By parity of 
 reasoning they explained the action of arsenic in 
 intermittents. When taken in therapeutic doses it 
 produces a rosy colour in the face, and increases 
 
58 
 
 the secretions generally, by which means it elimi- 
 nates itself from the system.* 
 
 The very term erythema mercuriale is something 
 like testimony that mercury acts on the sensitive 
 nerves ; and the more manifest physiological action 
 of that drug is to produce a dilatation of the 
 capillaries in a great number of important organs, 
 and on a large extent of mucous surfaces. Orfila 
 and Christison agree that in all cases of poisoning 
 by mercury, when the first result is not chemical 
 decomposition or corrosion of tissues, the leading 
 symptoms are those of inflammation of the mouth, 
 throat, and alimentary canal salivation and 
 mercurial erethism in one or more of its multifarious 
 forms ; bloody vomiting and purging, in conformity 
 with Cohnheim's and Strieker's views of the per- 
 meability of the vascular walls by the blood- cor- 
 puscles, f 
 
 The influence of the splanchnic nerves and their 
 ganglionic centres is distributed over a very wide 
 area of the vascular system. Dr. Schmidt, of Rotter- 
 dam, associates Addison's disease with a morbid 
 condition of the abdominal sympathetic ; and there 
 is great reason for the suggestion, seeing that the 
 general ansemia, the palpitating heart, the soft and 
 jerky pulse, and the feeling of faintness and breath- 
 lessness on attempting any exertion, are all indica- 
 tions of heart and vascular disturbance, with which 
 Dr. Addison, assisted by Mr. Quekett, did find 
 disease of the semilunar ganglion in one case of 
 
 * See M. Blachez, Gazette Hebdomadaire de Medecine et de 
 Chirurgie, 1871. 
 
 t Ueber entziindung und eiterung. Virchow's ArcKiv, 1867, 
 vol. ii. 
 
59 
 
 leucocythaemia.* Professor Tigri, of Sienna, has 
 also reported a case of haemorrhage into the ganglia 
 of the great sympathetic in which there was a 
 bronzed skin and every other symptom of Addison's 
 disease.f 
 
 The wide distribution of the influence of the 
 splanchnics, as vaso-motor nerves, has its counter- 
 part in the wide extent of the action of mercury and 
 of iodine. Iodine, like mercury, produces dilatation 
 of the capillaries generally, an exalted temperature, 
 increased secretion, abundant menstrual discharge, 
 priapism, and every indication of an excited circu- 
 lation. The post-mortem appearances confirm those 
 indications. J 
 
 In gangrena senilis, every phase is an illustration 
 of these views. We know that it may be produced 
 by ergotine, and by the destruction of a compound 
 spinal nerve. When it occurs spontaneously, every 
 symptom may be interpreted by this theory of the 
 vaso-motor nerves ; from the first paroxysm of pain, 
 which is followed by coldness of the part affected, 
 through the consecutive stages of discolouration, 
 loss of circulation, discharge, and mortification. 
 Whilst writing these lines I am attending a case, 
 and every impulse I have been able to give to the 
 general circulation by stimulating the nerves of 
 sensation and motion, the progress of the disease 
 has been obviously retarded. Opium, iodine, and 
 ammonia all stimulants to the motor nerves have 
 given to the patient an almost superhuman power 
 
 * Addison's Works, published by the New Sydenham Society, 
 vol. xxxvL p. 213. 
 
 t Journal de Medecine de Chirurgie et de Pharmacologie. 
 Bruxelles : November, 1870. 
 
 t Dr. Jahn, Archiv fur Medicinische Erfahrung, 1829, p. 342. 
 
60 
 
 of resisting the disease ; but no sooner was chloral 
 given to induce sleep than every vestige of circula- 
 tion was arrested ; absolute mortification of the foot 
 and leg set in, and ergotine very quickly induced 
 the drying process. 
 
 In the catalogue of remedial agents, it is no un- 
 common thing to find some one which acts differ- 
 ently at different periods of time, or as the dose 
 differs. Opium is one of these ; its primary opera- 
 tion being that of a stimulant to the motor fibres of 
 the vaso-motor nerves ; but, ulteriorly, it is a sedative 
 to both sensory and motor fibres ; and thus it acts 
 on those fibres of the hepatic plexus which, on enter- 
 ing the transverse fissure of the liver, are distri- 
 buted, right and left, over the coats of the hepatic 
 artery and portal veins. It has, therefore, an effect 
 diametrically opposite to that of mercury. But I 
 can well understand how calomel and opium may 
 be combined to produce the incitive influence of the 
 one with the calming effect of the other, so as to 
 turn the balance of function on the side of the fibre 
 of Kemak, the attribute of which I have assumed to 
 be to regulate the stream of blood which is con- 
 veyed by the arterioles into the cell territory for 
 healthy secretion and nutrition. 
 
 This tranquillising influence is possessed by 
 conium, and, especially so, by the bromide of 
 potassium. 
 
 Mercury influences the vaso-motor nerves of the 
 intestines, precisely as it does those of the liver. 
 By stimulating the motor fibres, a preternatural 
 secretion from the glandular and epithelia struc- 
 tures is induced, just as it is by the section of the 
 coaliac and mesenteric plexuses, as performed by 
 
61 
 
 Rudge on rabbits. Opium has an antagonistic 
 action, as have also hydrocyanic acid, cannabis, 
 and many astringents. 
 
 The modus operandi of diuretics generally is so 
 different that we should have a clear apprehension 
 as to what we propose to accomplish by their agency 
 before we can expect to use them with success. 
 
 The term diuretic must be accorded to every 
 therapeutic agent which increases the excretion of 
 either the aqueous or the saline components of the 
 urine ; and when we use one of those agents it 
 behoves us to consider which of the components it 
 may be desirable to eliminate in greater quantity, 
 and by what means to do it. In other words, on 
 which of the three forms of nerve fibres do we pro- 
 pose acting. 
 
 Do we desire to increase the fluid portion only, 
 either with the intent of carrying off from the 
 system a quantity of water, or of flushing the 
 tubuli uriniferi ? Then those agents which stimu- 
 late the motor fibres of the vaso-motor nerves, and 
 set up hypersemia round about the Malpighian tufts, 
 should be employed. Coffee, the action of which 
 has been explained by M. Bornetwick, in hemi- 
 crania, scoparium, taraxacum, juniper, buchu, 
 senega, and a host of others, bitters for instance, 
 which we are in the habit of prescribing either in 
 cases of general debility, attended with serous 
 effusions, or when excess of the saline components 
 of the urine induces irritability of the bladder. 
 
 Do we desire to increase the excretion of the 
 components of the urine generally by exciting the 
 whole secretory apparatus of the kidneys ? Then 
 should we depend on squill, colchicum, potash, 
 
62 
 
 turpentine, cantharides, mercury, iodine, arsenic, 
 agents which stimulate the sensory nerve-fibres of the 
 vaso-motor nerves, and thereby exalt the vital sense 
 of the epithelial cells and of the organs generally. 
 
 On the other hand, if we desire to diminish the 
 secretion of urine, we should either stimulate the 
 restraining nerve fibres of E-emak by belladonna, 
 uva-ursi, ergota, etc., or subdue the relative power 
 of the motor fibres, by conium, chloral, tobacco, 
 bromide of potassium, etc., which are nervine- 
 sedatives to the sensory nerve fibres of the vaso- 
 motor nerves. 
 
 Experiments on the nerves we must take with 
 some degree of circumspection, because it has been 
 found that certain lesions of the medulla oblongata, 
 or section of the vagus or pneumogastric, may be 
 productive of diabetes ; but if diabetes be regarded 
 as the result of disturbance of the functions of the 
 brain and nervous system, or as cause rather than 
 effect of kidney disease, for which we have high 
 authority,* then may we reason on the correlation 
 of nerve and medicinal action. 
 
 In nephritis we have the pathological counterpart 
 of the experiment by Eckhardt (p. 20), except that 
 the urine is scanty ; but that may depend on the 
 disease affecting the capillaries of the tubili uriniferi 
 chiefly, and not on the Malpighian capillary system. 
 
 Turpentine and cantharides produce the same 
 effects, even to the sympathetic vomiting, and pain 
 in the testicle, thigh, and leg, by the specific irrita- 
 tion extending to the solar and spermatic plexuses. 
 Belladonna, aconite, and uva-ursi, either by stimu- 
 
 * Neubaner and Vogel on the Urine ; translated] for the New 
 Sydenham Society, by Dr. W. 0. Harkhem, p. 32. 
 
63 
 
 lating the inhibitory nerves of Remak, or by sub- 
 duing the force of the sensory and motor fibres of 
 the renal plexus, have the very opposite influence. 
 I do not of course pretend to say that these drugs 
 should be depended upon exclusively in nephritis, 
 and that general or local depletion should be dis- 
 regarded as a means of relieving the congestive 
 turgor of the renal capillaries. My great object is 
 to illustrate the proposition with which I started, 
 namely, that as each element or nerve-fibre in the 
 ganglionic centre has its special attribute, either of 
 dilating or contracting the capillary vessels, so have 
 we medicinal agents which either stimulate the motor 
 nerve-fibres of the vaso-motor nerves, and dilate the 
 capillaries, or which act as sedatives on the motor 
 and sensory nerve-fibres of the vaso-motor nerves, 
 or give ascendency to the nerve-fibres of Remak, 
 and contract the capillaries. 
 
 If it be so, we have an explanation why the salts 
 of potash, which have been prescribed empirically 
 in nephritis, do more harm than good ; for they 
 enter into the category of such medicines as juniper, 
 buchu, colchium, and squills, which stimulate the 
 motor fibres of the renal plexus, and increase the 
 secretion of the salts which characterise the urine. 
 We may also understand how it is that, in thus 
 acting as diuretics, they do not necessarily induce 
 diuresis. The additional stimulus which digitalis 
 gives to the general circulation by its action on the 
 heart may, I suppose, affect the capillary system of 
 the Malpighian bodies, and so flush the tubuli urini- 
 feri and wash out the secretion of their epithelial 
 cells. Hence the great advantage of digitalis in 
 nephritis ; for just in proportion to the outpouring 
 
64 
 
 of fluid from the Malpighian capillary system, the 
 turgescence of the tubular capillary system is 
 diminished. Digitalis has been regarded almost as 
 a specific by the Germans especially, and by Foville 
 in France, in those cases of maniacal disease in 
 which there is disproportioned strength in the 
 carotid and temporal arteries, together with high- 
 coloured and scanty urine. 
 
 In the straight tubuli uriniferi, which serve as 
 conduits to the pelvis of the kidney, and in the 
 ureters and bladder, we find the lamelliform epithe- 
 lial cells which secrete mucus ; and in most cases of 
 preternatural mucous secretion from these parts, 
 unconnected with mechanical causes, I can vouch 
 for the beneficial action of ergota and bromide of 
 potassium. In many forms of leucorrhoaa, also, a 
 combination of these drugs is very effective, when 
 minerals, acids, and astringent injections fail. 
 
 These last remedial agents are nervine sedatives 
 to the cerebro-spinal system, and consequently to 
 the sensory and motor fibres of the vaso-motor 
 nerves. As such, they lower the pulse, diminish 
 the temperature of the body, and act as anaphro- 
 disiacs on the organs of generation ; whereas phos- 
 phorus, by exercising an antagonistic influence, is a 
 powerful aphrodisiac. I need scarcely insist upon 
 the inseparable association of this attribute, with an 
 increased vascularity of the parts concerned. 
 
 From the facts which I have adduced, it may, I 
 think, be inferred, and with moral certainty, that 
 there is an invariable correspondence between 
 functional activity and circulation ; furthermore 
 and I have the authority of Schiff in asserting it 
 that the dilatation of the arterioles is neither the 
 
65 
 
 result of reaction after previous contraction, nor the 
 mere result of an afflux of blood to an irritated 
 part ; nor is it independent of nervous action, but 
 that it occurs under the influence of sensory and 
 motor nerves.* 
 
 It can scarcely be objected to the proposition 
 with which I started, that I have not adduced suf- 
 ficient evidence to prove that vascular contraction 
 is also the result of nervous influence ; and it is 
 impossible that one nerve, or one form of nerve, 
 can perform the double office of dilating and con- 
 tracting the calibre of vessels. 
 
 Seeing, therefore, that most pathological condi- 
 tions are but modifications of physiological actions, 
 and the effects of derangement of the operations of 
 the vaso-motor nerves, on which the healthy func- 
 tions of all organs depend, it appears to me that on 
 the knowledge and due appreciation of such aids, 
 we may found a rational and scientific system of 
 therapeutics. 
 
 In these suggestions I do not, of course, include 
 those remedial agents which act mechanically or 
 chemically, but those only which have an influence 
 on the vaso-motor nerves, and the great majority of 
 medicines with which we are acquainted, will fall 
 into the category of these latter. 
 
 There is every reason to believe also that they 
 may be grouped in accordance with some natural 
 principle, just as plants which belong to the same 
 natural order possess similar characteristic proper- 
 ties, physiological and therapeutical. 
 
 Numerous instances could be given of this, and 
 an interesting one is recorded by M. Narayan Daji, 
 
 * Comptes Eendus, vol. lv. September 29th, 1862. 
 
 E 
 
66 
 
 of Bombay, with whom Simaruba was a favourite 
 medicine, but, for the want of it, he anticipated 
 similar results from the Ailantus Excelsa (a tree 
 belonging to the natural order Simarubacece\ the 
 stomachic properties of which more than realised 
 his expectation.* 
 
 An attempt has been made by Dr. Broadbent to 
 form chemico-therapeutical groups, and to show 
 that " substances closely allied chemically, must 
 have an analogous action on the system, or that the 
 diversity of their operation should be capable of 
 explanation on chemical principles." In other 
 words, that " chemical groups ought to form thera- 
 peutical groups."! 
 
 I have purposely abstained from alluding to alco- 
 hol as a remedial agent in inflammation, because of 
 the conflicting opinions which have resulted from 
 its employment. But if, by acting chemically on 
 the tissues generally, it restrains the metamorphosis 
 of the blood-corpuscles from rapid degeneration; 
 or, by inducing an increased blood pressure, it pre- 
 vents the formation of an undue amount of white 
 corpuscles in the blood, which, as we have seen, 
 involves a waste of force, accompanied with mor- 
 bific heat ; or, by rendering the walls of capillaries 
 less permeable to the blood plasma, it restrains the 
 albumen in the blood, which it is the nature of many 
 diseases to cause to escape, and most of these attri- 
 butes it has been said to possess ; then, I think, the 
 diffusible action of alcohol as a stimulant to the 
 body generally, acting probably on the motor-fibres 
 of the vaso-motor nerves, equalising the circulation, 
 
 * British and Foreign Medico- Chirurgical Journal, April, 1871, p. 520. 
 t Proceedings of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1868, 
 p. 84. 
 
67 
 
 and re-establishing the balance of function, which 
 it is the nature of disease to disturb, must commend 
 itself in medicinal doses to our reason, as it is said 
 to have shown itself beneficial in practice. 
 
 In the treatise by Drs. Nicol and Mossop, to which 
 I have referred, the ophthalmoscope showed the same 
 result in all the cases after alcohol had been adminis- 
 tered, namely, congestion of the optic disc, with 
 the appearance of small vessels, not visible before, 
 and congestion of the choroid and retina. On one 
 occasion, a dose of two ounces of brandy was given 
 forty-five minutes after giving a drachm of chloral, 
 and the effect of the spirit in counteracting the 
 anaemic condition brought about by the chloral, 
 was exceedingly manifest. These observations would 
 appear to endorse the opinion of Dr. L. Gros, that in 
 pneumonia, and broncho-pneumonia of an adynamic 
 character, alcohol diminishes delirium, induces sleep, 
 lowers the pulse, and improves respiration. 
 
 It may be asked if the foregoing observations are 
 likely to lead to an improved system of therapeutics ? 
 To which I would reply that were it only for the 
 substitution of reason in the place of empiricism, 
 even if practice remained unchanged, the gain 
 would be great. If my theory be true, we may 
 employ therapeutical agents with a more precise 
 knowledge of their action, and therefore more 
 effectively than formerly, although, in many cases, 
 we may administer them to fulfil the same indi- 
 cations which simple observation has taught us 
 they have the property of fulfilling. 
 
 Of this latter source of knowledge it was once 
 said, that " if reason taught differently from ex- 
 perience, it was injurious ; but if the same, it was 
 
68 
 
 superfluous." And yet the experience of centuries 
 has not advanced the doctrine of therapeutics so 
 far as to supply a satisfactory explanation of the 
 modus operandi of any one remedial agent. I there- 
 fore venture to reason on the observations resulting 
 from such experiments as I have recorded in this 
 essay, and to maintain that they are sufficiently 
 striking to justify the assumption that our system 
 of therapeutics may be founded on a rational and 
 scientific basis. 
 
 Evidence of facts is necessarily demanded in the 
 satisfactory investigation of questions such as I 
 have set forth, which are essentially questions of 
 physical phenomena ; and I appeal to the principle 
 on which all knowledge is acquired, the credibility 
 of the alleged facts, and the value of the testimony 
 of those who have observed them, in justification 
 of the conclusions which I have drawn from them. 
 
 Intrinsically the propositions have probability 
 on their side ; for if it can be shown that sections 
 of different elements of the sympathetic ganglia 
 affect the functions of organs differently, by in- 
 creasing or diminishing their actions, and that we 
 possess medicinal agents which produce analogous 
 effects, the inevitable inference is that in all such 
 remedies we possess just so many equivalents of 
 what is virtually nerve force. 
 
 The instances I have given may seem insufficient 
 as a basis for such an important generalisation ; but 
 I have tested my opinions in practice for many 
 years, and have no reason to be dissatisfied with the 
 result. 
 
 London : Pardon & Son, Printers, Paternoster Row. 
 
London, New Burlington Street, 
 July, 1872. 
 
 MESSRS. J. 4 A. CHURCHILL'S 
 
 IN 
 
 MEDICINE 
 
 AND THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF 
 
 NATUKAL SCIENCE. 
 
 " It would be unjust to conclude this notice without saying a few words in favour of 
 Mr. Churchill, from whom the profession is receiving, it may be truly said, the most 
 beautiful series of Illustrated Medical Works which has ever been published." Lancet. 
 
 " All the publications of Mr. Churchill are prepared with so much taste and neatness, 
 that it is superfluous to speak of them in terms of commendation." Edinburgh 
 Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 " No one is more distinguished for the elegance and rechercht style of hi* publica- 
 tions than Mr. Churchill." Provincial Medical Journal. 
 
 "The name of Churchill has long been a guarantee for the excellence of illustrated 
 works, and it would be superfluous to repeat the admiration that we have several times 
 expressed in this respect, of the spirit with which thU firm engages in these costly but 
 valuable scries." Medical Press and Circular. 
 
 "The typography, illustrations, and getting up are, in all Mr. Churchill's publi- 
 cations, most beautiful." Monthly Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 " Mr. Churchill's illustrated works are among the best that emanate from the 
 Medical Press." Medical Times. 
 
 " We have before called the attention of both students and practitioners to the great 
 advantage which Mr. Churchill has conferred on the profession, i n the issue, at such a 
 moderate cost, of works so highly creditable in point of artistic execution and scientific 
 merit." Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
 
MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL are the Publishers of the following Periodicals, offering to 
 $ Authors a wide extent of Literary Announcement, and a Medium of Advertisement, l( 
 addressed to all Classes of the Profession. 
 
 THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN MEDICO- 
 CHIRURGICAL REVIEW, 
 
 AND 
 
 QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE 
 
 AND SURGERY. 
 Price Six Shillings. No. XCIX. 
 
 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF 
 
 MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE, 
 
 Edited by J. F. PAYNE, B.Sc., M.B., and E. EAT 
 
 LANKESTER, B.A., F.R.M.S. Price 4*. 
 
 No. XLVIL New Series. 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE. 
 By authority of the Medico-Psychological 
 
 Association. 
 Edite ;< Vy HENBT MADDSLET, M.D., and JOHN 
 
 SIBBALD, M.D. 
 
 Published Quarterly, price 3s. Gd. New Series. 
 No. XLVI. 
 
 ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE: 
 A Record of Practical Observations and Anato- 
 mical and Chemical Researches, connected 
 with the Investigation and Treatment of 
 Disease. Edited by Dr. LIONEL S. BEALE, 
 F.R.S. No. XVII., 3. 
 
 THE MEDICAL DIRECTORY. 
 Published Annually. 8vo. 10. 6d. 
 
 THE YEAR-BOOK OF PHARMACY, 
 Published Annually. 8m, 7*. Qd. 
 
 MESSES. CHURCHILL have concluded a special arrangement with 
 MESSRS. LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, in accord- 
 ance with which that Firm will act as their Agents for the United 
 States of America, either keeping in Stock most of Messrs. CHURCHILL'S 
 Books, or reprinting them on Terms advantageous to Authors. Many 
 of the Works in this Catalogue may therefore be easily obtained in 
 America. 
 
 THE ROYAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL 
 
 REPORTS, AND JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMIC 
 
 MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 
 VoL VII., Part 2, 2*. 6d. 
 
 THE MEDICAL TIMES &. GAZETTE. 
 
 Published Weekly, price Sixpence. 
 Annual Subscription, 1. 6i., and regularly 
 forwarded to all parts of the Kingdom, 
 post free, for 1. 6t. 
 
 THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL, 
 AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE PflABMACEDTICAL T 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 Published Weekly, price Fourpence. 
 %* May also be had in Monthly Parts. 
 
 THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF DENTAL ^ 
 SCIENCE. 
 
 Published Monthly, price One Shilling. 
 No. CXC1II. 
 
 THE HALF-YEARLY ABSTRACT OF 
 THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 
 
 Being a Digest of British and Continental 
 Medicine, and of the Progress of Medicine 
 and the Collateral Sciences. Edited by 
 W. DOMETT STONE, M.D., F.R.C.S. (Exam.). 
 Post 8vo., 64. 6d. Vols. I. to LV. 
 
 \t 
 
 I 
 
A CLASSIFIED INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 . & A. 
 
 9 
 
 d i 
 
 ANATOMY. 
 
 PACK 
 
 Anatomical Remembrancer . . 7 
 
 Flower on Nerves 16 
 
 Heale's Anatomy of the Lungs 19 
 Heatb's Practical Anatomy ..20 
 Holden's Human Osteology . . 20 
 Do. on Dissections . . . . 20 
 Jones' and Sieveklng's Patho- 
 logical Anatomy 22 
 
 Maclise's Surgical Anatomy . . 25 
 Sibson's Medical Anatomy . . 33 
 Waters' Anatomy of Lung . . 38 
 Wilson's Anatomy 39 
 
 CHEMISTRY, 
 
 Bernays' Notes for Students . 9 
 
 Bloxam's Chemistry 10 
 
 Do. Laboratory Teaching 10 
 Bowman's Practical Chemistry 10 
 Do. Medical do. .10 
 Brown's Analytical Tables . 1 1 
 Fownes' Manual of Chemistry . 16 
 Do. Actonian Prize .. .16 
 Do. Qualitative Analysis . 16 
 Fresenius' Chemical Analysis . 17 
 Galloway's First Step . 17 
 Do. Second Step . 1 7 
 Do. Analysis .. .17 
 Do. Tables .. .17 
 Griffiths' Four Seasons . 18 
 Horsley's Chem. Philosophy .21 
 Kay-Shuttleworth's Modern Che- 
 mistry 23 
 
 Mulder on theChemistryof Wine27 
 Sneer's Pathol. Chemistry . . 34 
 Sutton's Volumetric Analysis . 34 
 Valentin's LaboratoryText-Book37 
 
 CLIMATE and BATHS. 
 
 Bennet's Winter in the South of 
 Europe 9 
 
 Chambers on Italy 12 
 
 Cutler on Spa 14 
 
 Dalrymple on Egypt 14 
 
 Francis on Change of Climate . . 16 
 Grabham on Madeira . ..18 
 
 Hall on Torquay 19 
 
 Haviland on Climate 19 
 
 Horton on West Coast of Africa 21 
 Kennion on Harrogate . . . . 23 
 Martin on Tropical Climates . . 2G 
 Moore's Diseases of India . . 26 
 Patterson's Egypt and the Nile 28 
 Scoresby-Jackson's Climatology 32 
 Shapter on South Devon . . . . S2 
 
 Siordet on Mentoue 33 
 
 Taylor on Pau and Pyrenees . . 35 
 
 DEFORMITIES, &c. 
 
 FAOE 
 
 Adams on Spinal Curvature . 6 
 Do. on Clubfoot 6 
 
 Bigg's Orthopraxy ~ 
 
 Bishop on Deformities .. .10 
 Do. Articulate Sounds . 10 
 
 Brodhurst on Deformities . . 11 
 Do. on Clubfoot . . .11 
 Do. on Spine 1 1 
 
 Coles on Deformities of the 
 Mouth 13 
 
 Hugman on Hip Joint . . . . 21 
 
 GENERATIVE ORGANS, 
 Diseases of, and SYPHILIS. 
 
 Acton on Reproductive Organs 6 
 
 Coulson on Syphilis . 14 
 
 Gant on Bladder.. . . 17 
 
 Hutchinsononlnheri edSyphil s22 
 
 Oppert on Syphilis . . 27 
 
 Parker on Syphilis . . 28 
 
 Wilson on Syphilis . . 39 
 
 HYGIENE. 
 
 Armstrong on Naval Hygiene 7 
 Chavasse's Advice to a Mother . . 13 
 
 Do. Counsel to do 13 
 
 Do. Advice to a Wife ..13 
 Dobell's Germs and Vestiges of 
 
 Disease ]5 
 
 Godfrey on Hair 18 
 
 Gordon on Army Hygiene ..18 
 Hartwig on Sea Bathing .. .. 19 
 Hartwig on Physical Education 19 
 Hufeland's Art ofprolonging Life 21 
 Hunter on Body and Mind .. 21 
 Lowndes on the Maintenance 
 
 of Health 25 
 
 Moore's Health in Tropics . . 26 
 
 Parkes on Hygiene 28 
 
 Pickford on Hygiene .. ..29 
 
 Robertson on Diet 31 
 
 Routh on Infant Feeding . . . . 31 
 Turner's Manual of Diet . . . . 36 
 Wells' Seamen's Medicine Chest 38 
 Wilson on Healthy Skin .. ..39 
 
 Do. on Mineral Waters . . 3<> 
 
 Do. on Turkish Bath . . . . 39 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA and 
 PHARMACY. 
 
 Beasley's Formulary 9 
 
 Do. Receipt Book .. .. 9 
 Do. Book of Prescriptions 9 
 
 Birch on Oxygen 9 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA and 
 PHARMACY continued. 
 
 MM 
 
 Brunton on Digitalis 11 
 
 Lescher's Elements of Pharmacy 24 
 Nevins' Analysis of Pharmacop. 27 
 Pereira's Selecta e Praescriptis 28 
 Prescriber's Pharmacopeia ..29 
 Rogers on Therapeutics .. ..31 
 Royle's Materia Medica .. ..31 
 Smith's Pharmaceutical Guide 33 
 Squire's Hospital Pharmacopeias 34 
 Do. Companion to the Phar- 
 
 macopseia 34 
 
 Steggull's First Lines for Che- 
 mists and Druggists . . . . 34 
 Stowe's Toxicological Chart .. 34 
 
 Taylor on Poisons 35 
 
 Waliltuch's Materia Medica .. 37 
 Waring's Therapeutics .. ..37 
 Wittstein's Pharmacy .. ..38 
 
 MEDICINE. 
 
 Adams on Rheumatic Gout .. 6 
 Addison on Cell Therapeutics . . 6 
 Do. on Healthy and Dis- 
 eased Structure 6 
 
 Aldis's Hospital Practice . . . . 6 
 Anderson on Leprosy .. .. 7 
 Barclay on Medical Diagnosis . . 7 
 
 Do. on Gout 7 
 
 Barlow's Practice of Medicine 8 
 
 liasham on Dropsy 8 
 
 Bennett on Cancerous Growths 9 
 Birch on Constipation . . . . 9 
 Braid wood on Pyaemia .. .. 10 
 
 Brinton on Stomach 11 
 
 Do. on Intestinal Obstruction 1 1 
 
 Budd on the Liver 12 
 
 Budd on Stomach 11 
 
 Cainplin on Diabetes 12 
 
 Chambers on the Indigestions 12 
 
 Do. Lectures 12 
 
 Cobbold on Wurms 13 
 
 Dale's Practical Medicine . . ..14 
 Davey 'sGanglionic Nervous Syst . 1 4 
 Day's Clinical Histories .. ..15 
 Elam on Medicine, Disease, and 
 
 Death 15 
 
 Eyre on Stomach 15 
 
 Fenwick on the Stomach . . . . 16 
 
 Do. on Diagnosis 16 
 
 Fester's Method and Medicine 16 
 
 Fuller on Rheumatism .. .. 16 
 
 Gibb on Laryngoscope .. ..17 
 
 Habershon on the Abdomen .. 18 
 
 Do. on Mercury .. ..18 
 
 Do. on the Liver .. ..18 
 
 Headland Action of Medicines 19 
 
 Do. Medical Handbook 19 
 
 Hood on Gout and Rheumatism 21 
 
 Hooper's Physician's Vade- 
 
 Mecum 18 
 
 Jnmau's New Theory .. ..22 
 
 a-2 
 
IV 
 
 MEDICINE continued. 
 
 PAO 
 
 James on Laryngoscope . . . . 22 
 Jones (Bence) on Pathology and 
 
 Therapeutics 22 
 
 Leared on Imperfect Digest! on . 24 
 Mackenzie on Throat Diseases 
 MacLeod on Acholic Diseases . 
 Macleod's Ben Rhydding . . . 
 Macnamara on Cholera . . . 
 Marcet on Chronic Alcoholism 
 Macpherson on Cholera . . . 
 Martyn on Hooping Cough 
 Meryon on Paralysis . . 
 Morris on Germinal Matter 
 Mushet on Apoplexy 
 Parkin on Cholera 
 Pavy on Diabetes 
 Do. on Digestion 
 Reynolds' Uses of Electricity 
 Richardson's Discourses .. 
 Roberts on Palsy 
 Robertson on Gout 
 Savory's Domestic Medicine 
 Semple on Cough 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 86 
 M 
 26 
 27 
 27 
 28 
 28 
 28 
 30 
 30 
 31 
 31 
 32 
 32 
 Shaw's Medical Remembrancer 32 
 
 Smee on Debility 33 
 
 Squire on Temperatures . . . . 34 
 Steggall's Medical Manual .. 34 
 Thomas' Practice of Physic . . 35 
 Thudichum on Gall Stones . . 35 
 Todd's Clinical Lectures . . . . 36 
 Turnbnll on Stomach . . . . 3fi 
 Tweedie on Continued Fevers 36 
 Walker on Diphtheria . . . . 37 
 Ward on Liver . . . . 37 
 
 What to Observe at the Bedside 25 
 Wright on Headaches . . . . 39 
 
 MICROSCOPE. 
 
 Beale on Microscope in Medicine 8 
 
 Carpenter on Microscope . . . . 12 
 
 Schacht on do. .. 32 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Acton on Prostitution . . . . 6 
 Barclay's Medical Errors . . . . 7 
 Bascome on Epidemics . . . . 8 
 Beale on Disease Germs . . . . 8 
 Buckle's Hospital Statistics . . 11 
 Chapman's Med. Institutions ..12 
 
 Cooley's Cyclopaedia 13 
 
 Davies on the Unity of Medi- 
 cine 14 
 
 Gaskoin's De Villalobos .. ..17 
 Glenn's Laws affecting Medical 
 
 Men 18 
 
 Gordon on China 18 
 
 Graves' Physiology and Medicine 1 8 
 Guy's Hospital Reports .. ..18 
 Harrison on Lead in Water .. 19 
 
 Howe on Epidemics 21 
 
 London Hospital Reports . . . 24 
 Mayne's Medical Vocabulary .. 26 
 
 Oppert on Hospitals 27 
 
 Part's Case Book 28 
 
 St. George's Hospital Reports . . 31 
 St. Thomas's do. do. . . 31 
 
 Snow on Chloroform 33 
 
 Veitch on Sick Nursing .. ..37 
 Waring's Tropical Resident at 
 Home 37 
 
 CLASSIFIED INDEX, 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS con- 
 tinued. 
 
 rABB 
 
 Whitehead on Transmission . . 38 
 Wise's Med. amongst Asiatics . . 38 
 Wolff on Zymotic Diseases . . 39 
 
 OBSTETRICS. 
 
 Barnes on Obstetric Operations 8 
 Hodges on PuerperalConvulsions 20 
 Lee's Consultations in Midwifery 24 
 Leishman's Mechanism of Par- 
 turition 24 
 
 Pretty's Aids during Labour' . . 29 
 Priestley on Gravid Uterus 
 
 Ramsbotham's Obstetrics . . 
 
 30 
 
 Sin clair& Johnston's Midwifery 33 
 Smellie's Obstetric Plates.. . 33 
 Smith's Manual of Obstetrics . 33 
 
 Swayne's Aphorisms 34 
 
 Tanner's Practical Midwifery . 35 
 Waller's Midwifery 37 
 
 OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
 
 Cooper on Injuries of Eye . . 31 
 Do. on Near Sight .. ..13 
 
 Dalrymple on Eye 14 
 
 Dixon on the Eye 15 
 
 Jago on Entoptics 22 
 
 Jones' Ophthalmic Medicine . . 23 
 Do. Defects of Sight .. ..23 
 
 Do. Eye and Ear 23 
 
 Liebreich's Atlas of Ophthal- 
 
 moscopy 24 
 
 Macnamara on the Eye . . . . 25 
 Power's Illustrations of Dis- 
 eases of the Eve 29 
 
 Walton on the Eye 37 
 
 Wells Treatise on the Eye . . 38 
 Do. on Spectacles 38 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 Beale on Protoplasm .... 8 
 
 Do. Life Theories . . 8 
 
 Carpenter's Human .. .. 12 
 
 Do. Manual .. .. 12 
 
 Heale on Vital Causes .. 19 
 
 Richardson on Coagulation 30 
 
 Shea's Animal Physiology .. 32 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY, including Di- 
 seases of Brain and Nervous 
 System. 
 
 AlthausonEpilepsy,Hysteria,<fec. 7 
 Bateman on Aphasia . . . . 8 
 Browne's Medical Jurisprudence 
 
 of Insanity n 
 
 Bucknill and Tuke's Psycholo- 
 gical Medicine 12 
 
 Davey on Nature of Insanity . . 14 
 Downing on Neuralgia .. ..15 
 Elam on Brain Diseases . . . . 15 
 Jones (Handfield) on Functional 
 
 Nervous Disorders 22 
 
 Morris on Irritability.. .. 26 
 
 Murray on Emotional Diseases 27 
 
 36 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY continued. 
 
 Reade on Syphilitic Affections 
 
 of the Nervous System . . . . 30 
 
 Reynolds on the Brain . . . . 30 
 
 Do. on Epilepsy . . . . 30 
 
 Rowe on Nervous Diseases . . 31 
 
 Sabben and Browne's Law and 
 
 Lunacy 31 
 
 Sankey on Mental Diseases . . 31 
 Sieveking on Epilepsy . . .33 
 Van der Kolk on Mental Disease 37 
 West Riding Asylum Reports . . 38 
 Winslow's Obscure Dis. of Brain 39 
 
 PULMONARY and CHEST 
 
 DISEASES, &c. 
 Alison on Pulmonary Consump- 
 tion 6 
 
 Bennet on Consumption .. .. 9 
 
 Bright on the Chest 10 
 
 Cotton on Stethoscope . . . . 14 
 Davies on Lungs and Heart .. 14 
 
 Dobell on the Chest 15 
 
 Do. on Tuberculosis .. .. 15 
 Do. on Winter Cough .. .. 15 
 Do. First Stage of Consump- 
 tion 15 
 
 Fuller on the Lungs 16 
 
 Do. on Heart 16 
 
 Garrett on the Windpipe and 
 
 Consumption 17 
 
 Jones (Jas.) on Consumption . . 23 
 Laennec on Auscultation . . . . 23 
 
 Markham on Heart 26 
 
 Myers on Diseases of Heart 
 
 among Soldiers 27 
 
 Peacock on the Heart . . . . 28 
 Pirrie on Hay Asthma . . . . 29 
 
 Salt er on Asthma 31 
 
 Skoda on Auscultation . . .26 
 Thompson on Consumption . 35 
 Thorowgood on Asthma . . .35 
 Turnbull on Consumption 
 Waters on the Chest .. 
 Do. on Emphysema . . 
 
 RENAL and URINARY 
 DISEASES. 
 
 Basham on Renal Diseases . . 
 
 Beale on Kidney Diseases . . 
 
 Do. on Urinary Deposits . . 
 
 Bird's Urinary Deposits .. .. 
 
 Harley on Urine ........ 
 
 Parkes on Urine ........ 
 
 Todd on Urinary Organs . . . . 
 
 SCIENCE. 
 
 Bentley's Manual of Botany . . 9 
 Brooke's Natural Philosophy . . 11 
 Hardwich's Photography . . . . 19 
 
 Hinds' Harmonies ...... 20 
 
 Howard on the Clouds .. ..21 
 
 Huxley on Classification of 
 
 Animals .......... 22 
 
 Do. Anatomy of Vertebrates . . 22 
 Jones (Bence) on Matter and 
 
 Force .......... 22 
 
 Jones (Wharton) on Vision . . 23 
 
 Do. on Body, Sense, and Mind 23 
 Mayne's Lexicon of Terms . . 26 w \ 
 Noad on the Inductorium .. 27 
 Ord's Comparative Anatomy . . 28 
 
CLASSIFIED INDEX. 
 
 SCIENCE continued. 
 
 PAOB 
 
 Pratt's Genealogy of Creation . . 29 
 Do. Eccentric & Centric Force 29 
 Do. on Orbital Motion . . . . 29 
 Do.Astronomicallnvestigations 29 
 
 Do. Oracles of God 29 
 
 Price's Photography 30 
 
 Reymond's Animal Electricity 30 
 Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence 35 
 Vestiges of Creation 36 
 
 SURGERY. 
 
 Adams on Reparation of Tendons 6 
 
 Allen on Aural Catarrh . . . . 6 
 
 Allingham on Rectum . . . . 6 
 
 Anderson on the Skin . . . . 7 
 
 Arnott on Cancer 7 
 
 Ashton on Rectum 7 
 
 Brodhurst on Anchylosis . . ..11 
 
 Bryant on Diseases of Joints . . 11 
 
 Do. Clinical Surgery . . 11 
 
 Callender on Rupture .. .. 12 
 
 Chapman on Ulcers 12 
 
 Do. Varicose Veins .. .. 12 
 
 Clark on Visceral Lesions .. 13 
 
 Do. Outlines of Surgery . . . . 13 
 
 Colhs on Cancer 13 
 
 Cooper's Surgical Dictionary 14 
 
 Cuulson on Stone in Bladder .. 14 
 
 Curling on Rectum 14 
 
 Do. on Testis 14 
 
 De Morgan on Cancer .. ..15 
 
 Druitt's Surgeon's Vade-Mecum 15 
 
 Fayrer's Clinical Surgery .. 15 
 
 Fergusson's Surgery 16 
 
 Do. Progress of Surgery 1 6 
 
 Gamgee on Fractures . .. .". 17 
 
 Gant's Principles ot Surgery . . 17 
 
 SURGERY continued. 
 
 Gant's Practice of do 17 
 
 Gay on Varicose Disease .. .. 17 
 Heath's Minor Surgery and 
 
 Bandaging 20 
 
 Do. on the Jaws 20 
 
 Higginbottom on Nitrate of Silver 20 
 
 Hill on Stricture 20 
 
 Hodgson on Prostate 20 
 
 Holt on Stricture 21 
 
 Holthouse on Tumours of the 
 
 Groin 21 
 
 Jordan on Inflammations . 23 
 
 Lawrence's Surgery 
 
 Do. Ruptures 
 
 Lee's Practical Pathology . 24 
 
 Lisbon's Surgery 24 
 
 Logan on Skin Diseases . . .24 
 Maccormac'sAmbulance Surgeon 25 
 Macleod's Surgery of the Crimea 25 
 
 Maclise on Fractures 25 
 
 Marsden on Cancer 26 
 
 Maunder's Operative Surgery . . 26 
 Nayler on Skin Diseases . . . . 27 
 
 Pirrie's Surgery 29 
 
 Price on Excision of Knee-joint 29 
 Sansom on Chloroform . . .32 
 Savage on the Female Pelvic 
 
 Organs 32 
 
 Smith (Hy.) on Stricture . . . . 33 
 Do. on Haemorrhoids .. ..33 
 Do.ontheSurgeryof theRectum 83 
 Do. (Dr. J.) Dental Anatomy 
 
 and Surgery 33 
 
 Spender on Ulcers 34 
 
 SteggaU's Surgical Manual . . 34 
 
 Swain on the Knee -Joint.. .. 34 
 
 Thompson on Stricture . . . . 35 
 
 Do. on Prostate . . . . 35 
 
 SURGERY continued. 
 
 FA 01 
 
 Thompson on Lithotomy and 
 
 Lithotrity 35 
 
 Thompson on Urinary Organs 35 
 Tomes' Dental Surgery .. ..37 
 
 Wade on Stricture 36 
 
 Webb's Surgeon's Ready Rules 38 
 
 Wilson on Skin Diseases . . . . 39 
 
 Do. Portraits of Skin Diseases 39 
 
 VETERINARY MEDICINE. 
 
 Armatage's Emergencies . . 7 
 Elaine's Veterinary Art .. ..10 
 Bourguignon on the Cattle Plague 1 
 Haycock on Shoeing Horses .. 19 
 Tuson's Phannacopoaia . . . . 36 
 
 WOMEN AND CHILDREN, 
 
 Diseases of. 
 
 Bennet on Uterus 9 
 
 Dillnberger (ed. by Nicol) on 
 Treatment of Women's and 
 Children's Diseases . . . . 27 
 
 Ellis on Children 15 
 
 Harrison on Children .. .. 19 
 Hood on Scarlet Fever, &c. . . 21 
 Kiwisch (ed. by Clay) on Ovaries 13 
 Lee's Ovarian & Uterine Diseases 24 
 
 Do. on Speculum 24 
 
 Norton on Infantile Diseases .. 27 
 Tilt on Uterine Inflammation.. 36 
 Do. Uterine Therapeutics . . 36 
 Do. on Change of Life . . . . 16 
 Underwood on Children . . . . 36 
 
 West on Women 38 
 
 Wright on Uterine Disorders . . 39 
 
MESSRS. j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 ei 
 
 WILLIAM ACTON, M.R.C.S. 
 
 THE FUNCTIONS AND DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUC- 
 
 TIVE ORGANS IN CHILDHOOD, YOUTH, ADULT AGE, AND ADVANCED 
 LIFE, considered in their Physiological, Social, and Moral Relations. Fifth Edition. 
 8vo., 12s. 
 
 n. 
 
 PROSTITUTION : Considered in its Moral, Social, and Sanitary Aspects, 
 Second Edition, enlarged. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 ROBERT ADAMS, A.M., C.M., M.D. 
 
 A TREATISE ON RHEUMATIC GOUT; OR, CHRONIC 
 
 RHEUMATIC ARTHRITIS. 8vo., with a Quarto Atlas of Plates, 21s. 
 
 WILLIAM ADAMS, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON THE PATHOLOGY AND ''TREATMENT OF LATERAL 
 
 AND OTHER FORMS OF CURVATURE OF THE SPINE. With Plates. 
 8m, 10s. 6d. 
 
 n. 
 
 ) f CLUBFOOT ! its Causes, Pathology, and Treatment. Jacksonian Prize Essay 
 for 1864. With 100 Engravings. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 in. 
 
 ON THE REPARATIVE PROCESS IN HUMAN TENDONS 
 
 AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS DIVISION FOR THE CURE OF DEFORMITIES. 
 With Plates. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 WILLIAM ADDISON, F.R:C.P., F. R.S. 
 I. 
 
 CELL THERAPEUTICS. 8vo., 4,. 
 ON HEALTHY AND DISEASED STRUCTURE, AND THE TRUE 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT FOR THE CURE OF DISEASE, ESPECIALLY CONSUMPTION 
 AND SCROFULA, founded on MICROSCOPICAL ANALYSIS. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 C. J. B. ALOIS, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 AN INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL PRACTICE IN YARIOUS 
 
 COMPLAINTS ; with Remarks on their Pathology and Treatment. 8vo., 5s. 6d. 
 
 SOMERVILLE SCOTT ALISON, M.D.EDIN., F.R.C.P. 
 
 THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CHEST IN PUL- 
 MONARY CONSUMPTION, AND ITS INTERCURRENT DISEASES. With 
 Engravings. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 PETER ALLEN, M.D. F.R.C.S. EDIN. 
 
 AURAL CATARRH ; or, the Commonest Forms of Deafness, and their 
 Cure. With Engravings. Post 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 WILLIAM ALLINGHAM, F.R.C.S. 
 
 FISTULA, HEMORRHOIDS, PAINFUL ULCER, STRICTURE, T 
 
 PROLAPSUS AND OTHER DISEASES OF THE RECTUM : THEIR A 
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. 8vo., 6s. & 
 
fi MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 7 
 
 V --* *e- 
 
 i JULIUS ALTHAUS, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 T ON EPILEPSY, HYSTERIA, AND ATAXY, Cr. 8vo., 4,. 
 THE ANATOMICAL REMEMBRANCER; OR, COMPLETE 
 
 POCKET ANATOMIST. Seventh Edition, carefully Revised. 32mo., 3s. 6d. 
 A. F. ANDERSON, M.D., 
 
 FOUETEEN COLOUEED PHOTOGBAPHS OF LEPEOSY a* 
 
 met with in the Straits Settlements. With Explanatory Notes. 4 to,, 1. 11s. 6d. 
 
 MOCALL ANDERSON, M.D., F.F.P.S- 
 
 THE PAEASITIC AFFECTIONS OF THE SKIN. Second 
 
 Edition. With Engravings. 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 
 II. 
 
 ECZEMA, Second Edition. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 m. 
 
 PSORIASIS AND LEPRA, With Chromo-lithograph. 8vo., 5*. 
 
 GEORGE ARMATAGE, M.R.C.V.S. 
 
 THE VETERINARIAN'S POCKET REMEMBRANCER: con- 
 
 taining concise directions for the Treatment of Urgent or Rare Cases, embracing 
 Semeiology., Diagnosis, Prognosis, Surgery, Therapeutics, Detection of Poisons, 
 Hygiene, &c. Post 18mo., 3s. 
 
 SIR ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P., R.N 
 
 OBSERVATIONS ON NATAL HYGIENE AND SCUEYY. 
 
 More particularly as the latter appeared during a Polar Voyage. 8vo., 5s. 
 HENRY ARNOTT, F.R.C.S. 
 
 CANCER!: its varieties, their Histology and Diagnosis. With 5 Litho- 
 graphic Plates and 22 Wood Engravings, 8vo. 5s. 6d. 
 
 T. J. ASHTON, M.R.O.S. 
 
 ON THE DISEASES, INJUEIES, AND MALFOEMATIONS 
 
 OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS. Fourth Edition. 8vo., 8s. 
 
 PROLAPSUS, FISTULA IN ANO, AND OTHER DISEASES 
 
 OF THE RECTUM; their Pathology and Treatment. Third Edition. Post 8vo. 
 
 A. W. BARCLAY, M.D., F.R.O.P. 
 
 A MANUAL OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS, Third Edition. 
 
 Foolscap 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 ii. 
 
 MEDICAL ERRORS Fallacies connected with the Application of the 
 
 Inductive Method of Reasoning to the Science of Medicine. Post 8vo., 5s. 
 
 in. 
 
 i, GOUT AND RHEUMATISM IN RELATION TO DISEASE ^ 
 
 OF THE HEART. Post 8vo., 5s. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Q. H. BARLOW, M.D., F.RC.P. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Second 
 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 ROBERT BARNES, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 LECTURES ON OBSTETKIC OPERATIONS, INCLUDING 
 
 THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGE, and forming a Guide to the Manage- 
 ment of Difficult Labour. Second Edition, with 113 Engravings 8vo., 15s. 
 
 E. BASCOME. M.D. 
 
 A HISTORY OF EPIDEMIC PESTILENCES, FROM THE 
 
 EARLIEST AGES. 8vo.,8s. 
 
 W. R. BASHAM, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 I. 
 
 RENAL DISEASES ; a CLINICAL GUIDE to their DIAGNOSIS 
 
 and TREATMENT. 8m, 7s. 
 
 ON DROPSY, AND ITS CONNECTION WITH DISEASES OF 
 
 THE KIDNEYS, HEART, LUNGS AND LIVER. With 16 Plates. Third 
 Edition. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 FREDERIC BATEMAN, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 APHASiA OR LOSS OF SPEECH, and the LOCALISATION 
 
 of the FACULTY of ARTICULATE LANGUAGE. 8, 7.. 
 
 LIONEL S. BEALE, M.B., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON KIDNEY DISEASES, URINARY DEPOSITS, AND 
 
 CALCULOUS DISORDERS. Third Edition, much Enlarged. With 70 Plates 
 8vo., 25*-. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED URINARY DEPOSITS ON TWO SHEETS 
 
 FOR THE HOSPITAL LABORATORY OR SURGERY. Each Sheet, 2s. 6d.; 
 on Roller, 3s. 6d. 
 
 m. 
 
 THE MICROSCOPE, IN ITS APPLICATION TO PRACTICAL 
 
 MEDICINE. Third Edition. With 58 Plates. 8vo., 16*. 
 
 IV. 
 
 PROTOPLASM; OR, LIFE, MATTER AND MIND, Second 
 
 Edition. With 8 Plates. Crown 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 v. 
 
 DISEASE GESMS; and on the Treatment of the Feverish State. 
 
 Second Edition. With 28 Plates. Crown 8vo., 12s. 6rf. 
 
 VI. 
 
 LIFE THEORIES: THEIR INFLUENCE UPON RELIGIOUS 
 
 THOUGHT. With 6 Coloured Plates. Crown 8vo., 5s. 6d. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 HENRY BEASLEY. 
 
 THE BOOK OF PRESCRIPTIONS; containing 3000 Prescriptions. 
 Collected from the Practice of the most eminent Physicians and Surgeons, English 
 and Foreign. Fourth Edition. 18mo., 6s. 
 
 THE DRUGGIST'S GENERAL*' RECEIPT-BOOK : comprising a 
 
 copious Veterinary Formulary and Table of Veterinary Materia Medica ; Patent and 
 Proprietary Medicines, Druggists 1 Nostrums, &c. ; Perfumery, Skin Cosmetics, Hair 
 Cosmetics, and Teeth Cosmetics ; Beverages, Dietetic Articles, and Condiments ; Trade 
 Chemicals, Miscellaneous Preparations and Compounds used in the Arts, &c. ; with 
 useful Memoranda and Tables. Sixth Edition. 18mo., 6s. 
 
 in. 
 
 THE POCKET FORMULARY AND SYNOPSIS OF THE 
 
 BRITISH AND FOREIGN PHARMACOPCEIAS; comprising standard and 
 approved Formulae for the Preparations and Compounds employed in Medical Practice. 
 Ninth Edition, containing the Formulas of the most recent Edition of the B. P. 
 18mo., 6s. 
 
 HENRY BENNET, M.O. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE '' ON UTERINE DISEASES. 
 
 Fourth Edition, revised, with Additions. 8vo., 16s. 
 
 WINTER AND SPRING ON THE SHORES OF THE MEDI- 
 TERRANEAN : OR, THE RIVIERA, MENTONE, ITALY, CORSICA, SICILY, 
 ALGERIA, SPAIN, AND BIARRITZ, AS WINTER CLIMATES. Fourth 
 Edition, with numerous Plates, Maps, and Wood Engravings. Post 8vo., 12s. 
 
 in. 
 
 ON THE TREATMENT; OF PULMONARY CONSUMPTION BY 
 
 HYGIENE, CLIMATE, AND MEDICINE. Second Edition, enlarged. 8vo., 5s. 
 J. RISDON BENNETT, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 CANCEROUS AND OTHER INTRA-THORACIC GROWTHS, 
 
 THEIR NATURAL HISTORY AND DIAGNOSIS. With Plates. Post 8vo., 8*. 
 
 ROBERT BENTLEY, F.L.S. 
 
 A MANUAL OF BOTANY. With 1,1 27 Engravings on Wood. Second 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d, 
 
 ALBERT J. BERNAYS, PH.D., F.C.S. 
 
 NOTES FOR STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY ; being a Syllabus com- 
 
 piled from the Manuals of Miller, Fownes, Berzelius, Gerhardt, Gorup-Besanez, &c., 
 Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 HENRY HEATHER BIGG. 
 
 ORTHOPRAXY: a complete Guide to the Modern Treatment of Deformi- 
 ties by Mechanical Appliances. With 300 Engravings. Second Edition. Post 8vo., 
 10s. 
 
 S. B. BIRCH, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 I. 
 
 OXYGEN: ITS ACTION, USE, AND VALUE IN THE TREATMENT 
 
 OF VARIOUS DISEASES OTHERWISE INCURABLE OR VERY 
 INTRACTABLE. Second Edition. Post 8vo., 3*. 6d. 
 
 ii. 
 
 CONSTIPATED BOWELS : the Variou 8 Causes and the Different Means 
 of Cure. Third Edition. Post 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
10 MESSES, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 GOLDINQ BIRD, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 URINARY DEPOSITS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, 
 
 AND THERAPEUTICAL INDICATIONS. With Engravings. Fifth Edition. 
 Edited by E. LLOYD BIRKKTT, M.D. Post 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 JOHN BISHOP, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 ON DEFORMITIES OF THE HUMAN BODY, their Pathology 
 
 and Treatment. With Engravings on Wood. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 ON AETICULATE SOUNDS, AND ON THE CAUSES AND 
 
 CURE OF IMPEDIMEiNTS OF SPEECH. 8vo., 4s. 
 
 BLAINE. 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE VETERINARY ART; OR, A TREATISE 
 
 ON THE ANATOMY. PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISEASES OF THE HORSE, 
 NEAT CATTLE, AND SHEEP. Seventh Edition. By Charles Steel, M.RC.V.S.L. 
 With Plates. 8vo., 18s. 
 
 C. L. BLOXAM. 
 
 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC ; with Experiments 
 
 and a Comparison of Equivalent and Molecular Formulae. With 276 Engravings on Wood. W 
 8vo., 16s. 
 
 LABORATORY TEACHING; OR PROGRESSIVE EXERCISES 
 
 IN PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY. Second Edition. With 89 Engravings. Crown 
 8vo., 5s. 6d. 
 
 HONORE BOURGUIGNON, M.D. 
 
 ON THE CATTLE PLAGUE; OR, CONTAGIOUS TYPHUS IN 
 
 HORNED CATTLE: its History, Origin, Description, and Treatment. Post 8vo., 5s. 
 
 JOHN E. BOWMAN, &. C. L. BLOXAM. 
 I. 
 
 PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, including Analysis. With numerous Illus- 
 trations on Wood. Sixth Edition. Foolscap 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 n. 
 
 MEDICAL CHEMISTRY ; with Illustrations on Wood. Fourth Edition, 
 carefully revised. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 P. MURRAY BRAIDWOOD, M.D. EDIN. 
 
 ON PYJEMIA, OR SUPPURATIVE FEVER: the Astiey Cooper 
 
 Prize Essay for 1868. With 12 Plates. 8vo., 10s. Gd. 
 JAMES BRIGHT, M.D. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE HEART, LUNGS, & AIR PASSAGES; 
 
 with a Review of the several Climates recommended in these Affections. Third Edi- 
 tion. Post Svo., 9s. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. n 
 
 WILLIAM BRINTON, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 THE DISEASES OF THE STOMACH, with an Introduction on its 
 Anatomy and Physiology; being Lectures delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital. Second 
 Edition. 8vo., 10s. 6d. II. 
 
 INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Edited by DB. BUZZARD. Post 8m, 
 5 * ~~~ 
 
 BERNARD E. BRODHURST, F.R.O.S. 
 
 ON DEFORMITIES OF THE ''HUMAN BODY: a System of 
 
 Orthopedic Surgery. With Engravings. 8vo., 10s. Qd. 
 
 ii. 
 
 CURVATURES OF THE SPINE: their Causes, Symptoms, Pathology, 
 and Treatment. Second Edition. Roy. 8vo., with Engravings, 7s. bU 
 
 HI. 
 
 ON THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF CLUBFOOT AND 
 
 ANALOGOUS DISTORTIONS involving the TIBIO-TARSAL ARTICULATION. 
 With Engravings on Wood. 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 IV. 
 
 PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISEASES OF THE 
 
 JOINTS INVOLVING ANCHYLOSIS, and on the TREATMENT for the 
 RESTORATION of MOTION. Third Edition, much enlarged, 8vo., 4*. 6rf. 
 
 _ _, _ 
 
 CHARLES BROOKE, M.A., MB., F.R.S. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, Based on the Work of 
 
 the late Dr. Golding Bird. Sixth Edition. With 700 Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. Qd. 
 
 J, CAMPBELL BROWN, D.SC., F.C.S., 
 
 ANALYTICAL TABLES FOR STUDENTS OF PRACTICAL 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 8vo., 2s. 6rf. 
 
 J. H. BALFOUR BROWNE, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. 
 
 THE MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE OF INSANITY, 8vo. 
 
 10s. 6rf. 
 
 T. L. BRUNTON, B.SC., M.B. 
 
 ON DIGITALIS, With some Observations on the Urine. Fcap. 8vo., 
 
 4s. Qd. 
 
 THOMAS BRYANT, F.R.C.S. 
 I. 
 
 ON THE DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE JOINTS. 
 
 CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Post 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 CLINICAL SURGERY, Parts I. to VII. 8vo., 3.9. 6rf. each. 
 
 FLEETWOOD BUCKLE, M.D., L.R.C.P.LOND. 
 
 VITAL AND ECONOMICAL STATISTICS OF THE HOSPITALS, 
 
 INFIRMARIES, &c., OF ENGLAND AND WALES. Royal 8vo., 5s. 
 
12 MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 JOHN CHARLES BUCKNILL, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., &, DANIEL H. TUKE, M.D 
 
 A MANUAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE: containing 
 
 the History, Nosology, Description, Statistics, Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of 
 Tnsunity. Second Edition. 8vo., 15s. 
 
 GEORGE BUDD, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE LITER, 
 
 Illustrated with Coloured Plates and Engravings on Wood. Third Edition. 8vo., 16s. 
 
 ON THE ORGANIC DISEASES AND FUNCTIONAL DIS- 
 
 ORDERS OF THE STOMACH. 8vo., 9s. 
 
 G. W. CALLENDER, F.R.C.S. 
 
 FEMORAL RUPTURE: Anatomy of the Parts concerned. With Plates. 
 8vo.. 4s. 
 
 JOHN M. CAMPLIN, M.D., F.L.S. 
 
 ON DIABETES, AND ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT. 
 
 Third Edition, by Dr. Glover. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 W. B. CARPENTER, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, with nearly soo in- 
 
 trations on Steel and Wood. Seventh Edition. Edited by Mr. H ENKY POWER. 8vo., 
 28.s. it. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, With 252 Illustrations on Steel 
 and Wood. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 in. 
 
 * THE MICROSCOPE AND ITS REVELATIONS. With more X 
 
 than 400 Engravings on Steel and Wood. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 T. K. CHAMBERS, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 LECTURES, CHIEFLY CLINICAL Fourth Edition. 8vo., Us. 
 THE INDIGESTIONS OR DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE 
 
 ORGANS FUNCTIONALLY TREATED. Second Edition. 8vo., 10*. 6d. 
 
 in. 
 
 SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF THE CLIMATE OF ITALY. 
 
 Crown 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 H. T. CHAPMAN, F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE TREATMENT OF OBSTINATE ULCERS AND CUTA- 
 
 NEOUS ERUPTIONS OF THE LEG WITHOUT CONFINEMENT. Third 
 Edition. Post 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 ii. 
 
 VARICOSE VEINS : their Nature, Consequences, and Treatment, Pallia- 
 tive and Curative. Second Edition. Post 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 JOHN CHAPMAN, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 THE MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED KING- 
 
 DOM ; a History exemplifying the Evils of Over-Legislation. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 13 
 
 ft 
 
 PYE HENRY CHAVASSE, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ADVICE TO A MOTHER ON THE MANAGEMENT OF 
 
 HER CHILDREN. Tenth Edition. Foolscap 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 ii. 
 
 COUNSEL TO A MOTHER : being a Continuation and the Completion 
 of " Advice to a Mother." Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 in. 
 
 ADVICE TO A WIFE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HER 
 
 OWN HEALTH. With an Introductory Chapter, especially addressed to a Young 
 Wife. Ninth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 F. LE GROS CLARK, F.R.C.S. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL DIAG- 
 
 NOSIS : ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO SHOCK AND VISCERAL 
 LESIONS Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 OUTLINES OF SUEGERY ; being an Epitome of the Lectures on the 
 
 Principles and the Practice of Surgery delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital Fcap. 8vo., 
 5s. __ 
 
 JOHN CLAY, M.R.C.S. 
 
 KIWISCH ON DISEASES OF THE OVARIES: Translated, by 
 
 permission, from the last German Edition of his Clinical Lectures on the Special Patho- 
 logy and Treatment of the Diseases of Women. With Notes, and an Appendix on the 
 Operation of Ovariotomy. Royal 12mo., 16s. 
 
 A. J. COO LEY. 
 
 THE CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL RECEIPTS, PRO- 
 
 CESSES, AND COLLATERAL INFORMATION IN THE ARTS, MANU- 
 FACTURES, PROFESSIONS, AND TRADES, INCLUDING MEDICINE, 
 PHARMACY, AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY ; designed as a General Book of 
 Reference for the Manufacturer, Tradesman, Amateur, and Heads of Families. Fourth 
 and greatly enlarged Edition, 8vo., 28*. 
 
 W. WHITE COOPER, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON WOUNDS AND INJURIES OF THE EYE. illustrated by 
 
 17 Coloured Figures and 41 Woodcuts. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 ON NEAR SIGHT, AGED "SIGHT, IMPAIRED VISION, 
 
 AND THE MEANS OF ASSISTING SIGHT. With 31 Illustrations on Wood. 
 Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 
 _ 
 - a 
 
 T. SPENCER COBBOLD, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 WORMS: a Series of Lectures delivered at the Middlesex Hospital on 
 Practical Helminthology. Post 8vo., 5s. 
 
 OAKLEY COLES. 
 
 DEFORMITIES OF THE MOUTH; CONGENITAL and AC- 
 
 QUIRED ; their Mechanical Treatment. With Coloured Plates. Second Edition, 
 8vo., 5s. Qd. ___ 
 
 MAURICE H. COLLIS, M.D.DUB., F.R.C.S. I. 
 
 THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER AND 
 
 THE TUMOURS ANALOGOUS TO IT. With coloured Plates. 8vo., 14s. 
 
 
H MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 S. COOPER. 
 
 A DICTIONAKY OF PRACTICAL SURGERY AND ENCYCLO- 
 
 P^EDIA OF SURGICAL SCIENCE. New Edition, brought down to the present 
 time. By SAMUEL A. LANE, F.R.C.S., assisted by various eminent Surgeons. Vol. I . 
 
 8vo., 1. 5s. 
 
 R. P. COTTON, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 PHTHISIS AND THE STETHOSCOPE; OR, THE PHYSICAL 
 
 SIGNS OF CONSUMPTION. Fourth Edition. Foolscap 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 WALTER J. COULSON, F.R.C.S. 
 
 A TEEATISE ON SYPHILIS.' 8vo., 10.. 
 
 STONE IN THE BLADDEE: Its Prevention, Early Symptoms, and 
 Treatment by Lithotrity. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 T. B. CURLING, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS ON DISEASES OF THE EECTUM. Third 
 
 Edition. 8vo., 7s. 6d. u 
 
 A PRACTICAL TEEATISE ON 'DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, 
 
 SPERMATIC CORD, AND SCROTUM. Third Edition, with Engravings. 8vo., 
 
 1 6s. 
 
 THOMAS CUTLER, M.D. 
 
 NOTES ON SPA; OR OBSERVATIONS ON ITS CHALYBEATE 
 
 SPRINGS. Ninth Edition. Crown 8vo., 2s. 
 
 WILLIAM DALE, M.D.LOND. 
 
 A COMPENDIUM OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE AND MOEBID 
 
 ANATOMY. With Plates, 12mo., 7s. 
 
 DONALD DALRYMPLE, M.P., M.R.C.P. 
 
 THE CLIMATE OF EGYPT: METEOROLOGICAL AND MEDI- 
 
 CAL OBSERVATIONS, with Practical Hints for Invalid Travellers. Post 8vo.,4s. 
 
 JOHN DALRYMPLE, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 PATHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN EYE, Complete in Nine Fasciculi: 
 imperial 4to., 20s. each; half-bound morocco, gilt tops, 91. 15s. 
 
 FRED. DAVIES, M.D., F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE UNITY OF MEDICINE: its CORRUPTIONS and DIVI- 
 SIONS by LAW ESTABLISHED ; their Causes, Effects and Remedy. With a 
 Coloured Chart. Second Edition. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 HERBERT DAVIES, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON THE PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE 
 
 LUNGS AND HEART. Second Edition. Post 8vo., 8s. 
 
 JAMES G. DAVEY, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 THE GANGLIONIC NERVOUS* SYSTEM: its structure, Function* 
 
 and Diseases. 8vo., 9s. u. 
 
 ON THE NATURE AND PROXIMATE CAUSE OF IN- 
 
 SANITY. Post8vo.,3s. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 15 
 
 HENRY DAY, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 CLINICAL HISTOKIES; with Comments. 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 
 CAMPBELL DE MORGAN, F.R.S., F.R.C.S., 
 
 THE OEIGIN OF CANCER considered with Reference to the 
 
 Treatment of the Disease. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 JAMES DIXON, F.R.C.S. 
 
 A GUIDE TO THE PRACTICAL STUDY OF DISEASES OF 
 
 THE EYE. Third Edition. Post 8vo., 9s. 
 
 HORACE DCBELL, M.D. 
 
 DEMONSTRATIONS OF DISEASES IN THE CHEST, AND 
 
 THEIR PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. With Coloured Plates. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE GERMS AND VESTIGES OF DISEASE, 
 
 and on the Prevention of the Invasion and Fatality of Disease by Periodical Examinations. 
 8vo., 6s. 6rf. m 
 
 ON TUBERCULOSIS : ITS NATURE, CAUSE, AND TREAT- 
 
 MENT; with Notes on Pancreatic Juice. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 LECTURES ON WINTER COUGH (CATARRH, BRONCHITIS, 
 
 EMPHYSEMA, ASTHMA); with an Appendix on some Principles of Diet in 
 Disease. Second Edition, with Coloured Plates. 8vo., 8s. 6d. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE TRUE FIRST STAGE OF CONSUMP- 
 
 TION. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6rf. ~w~ 
 
 C. TOOQOOD DOWNING, M.D. 
 
 NEURALGIA its various Forms, Pathology, and Treatment. THE 
 JAOKSONIAN PRIZE ESSAY FOR 1850. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 ROBERT DRUITT, F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE SURGEON'S VADE-MECUM; with numerous Engravings on 
 Wood. Tenth Edition. Foolscap 8 vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 CHARLES ELAM, M.D., F.R.O.P- 
 
 ON CEREBRIA AND OTHER' DISEASES OF THE BRAIN. 
 
 8vo., 6s. 
 
 MEDICINE, DISEASE, AND DEATH : being an Enquiry into the 
 Progress of Medicine as a Practical Art. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 EDWARD ELLIS, M.D. 
 
 A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 
 
 With a Formulary. Crown 8vo., 6s. 
 
 SIR JAMES EYRE, M.D. 
 
 THE STOMACH AND ITS DimCULTIES. Sixth Edition, 
 
 by Mr. BKALB. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 J. FAYRER, M.D., F.R C.S., C.S.I. 
 
 CLINICAL SURGERY IN INDIA, With Engravings. 8vo.,16. 
 
16 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 SAMUEL FENWICK, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 THE MOEBID STATES OF ''THE STOMACH AND DUO- 
 
 DENUM, AND THEIR RELATIONS TO THE DISEASES OF OTHER 
 ORGANS. With 10 Plates. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO 'MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS. Second 
 
 Edition. With 60 Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 6rf. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM FERGUSSON, BART., F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF PRACTICAL ''SURGERY; with 463 lustrations 
 
 on Wood. Fifth Edition. 8vo., 21*. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE PROGRESS OF ANATOMY AND 
 
 SURGERY DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY. With numerous Engravings. 
 8vo., 10s. 6rf. _ 
 
 W. H. FLOWER, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 DIAGRAMS OF THE NERVES OF THE HUMAN BODY, 
 
 exhibiting their Origin, Divisions, and Connexions, with their Distribution to the various 
 Regions of the Cutaneous Surface, and to all the Muscles. Folio, containing Six 
 Plates, 14s. _ 
 
 BALTHAZAR W. FOSTER, M.D. 
 
 METHOD AND MEDICINE: an Essay on the Past, Present, and 
 Future of Medicine. 8vo., 2s. 6rf. 
 
 Q. FOWNES, PH.D., F R.S. 
 
 A MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY; with 187 Illustrations on Wood. 
 Tenth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 14s. 
 
 Edited by H. BENOB JONES, M.D., F.R.S., and HENRY WATTS, B.A., F.R.S. 
 
 CHEMISTRY, AS EXEMPLIFYING THE WISDOM AND 
 
 BENEFICENCE OF GOD. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 in. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. Post 8vo., 2*. 
 
 D. J. T. FRANCIS, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 CHANGE OF CLIMATE ; considered as a Remedy in Dyspeptic, Pul- 
 monary, and other Chronic Affections; with an Account of the most Eligible Places of 
 Residence for Invalids, at different Seasons of the Year. Post 8vo., 8s. 6d. 
 
 W. H. FULLER, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND AIR PASSAGES, 
 
 Second Edition. 8vo., 12s. Gd. 
 
 <; ON DISEASES OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS. 
 
 8vo., 7s. 6^. In . 
 
 ON RHEUMATISM, RHEUMATIC GOUT, AND SCIATICA: 
 
 their Pathology, Symptoms, and Treatment. Third Edition. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 fi 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 "***% 
 
 17 l 
 
 f 
 
 REMIGIUS FRESENIUS. 
 
 - A SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, * 
 
 Edited by ARTHUR VACHER. 
 
 QUALITATIVE. Seventh Edition. 8vo., 9s. 
 QUANTITATIVE. Fifth Edition. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 ROBERT GALLOWAY. 
 
 THE FIRST STEP IN CHEMISTRY, With numerous Engravings. 
 
 Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 A KEY TO THE EXERCISES. 2s. 6d. 
 
 THE SECOND STEP IN CHEMISTRY; or, the student's Guide to 
 
 the Higher Branches of the Science. With Engravings. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 IIL 
 
 A MANUAL OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. Fifth Edition. 
 
 With Engravings. Post 8vo., 8s. 6d. 
 
 IV. 
 
 CHEMICAL TABLES, On Five Large Sheets, for School and Lecture 
 Rooms. Second Edition. 4s. 6d. 
 
 J. SAMPSON GAMGEE, M.R.C.S. 
 
 ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE LIMBS, 
 
 With Plates. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 F. J. GANT, F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY : Clinical, Medical, and Opera- 
 tive. With Engravings. 8vo., 18s. 
 
 THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY : a complete 
 
 System and Textbook. With 470 Engravings. 8vo, 1. 4s. 
 
 in. 
 
 THE IRRITABLE BLADDER : its Causes and Treatment. Third 
 Edition, with Engravings. Crown 8vo., 6s. 
 
 C. B. GARRETT, M.D. 
 
 IRRITATIVE DYSPEPSIA AND ITS IMPORTANT CON- 
 
 NECTION with IRRITATIVE CONGESTION of the WINDPIPE, and with 
 the Origin and Progress of Consumption. Crown 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 GEORGE GASKOIN, SURGEON. 
 
 THE MEDICAL WORKS OF FRANCISCO LOPEZ DE VILLA- 
 
 LOBOS, the celebrated Court Physician of Spain ; containing the Poem on the 
 Pestiferous Buhas; Dialogues on Medicine (15th and 16th centuries); &c. With 
 Biography and Commentary. Post 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 JOHN GAY, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON VAEICOSE DISEASE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
 
 LETTSOMIAN LECTURES. With Plates. 8vo., 5s. 
 
 SIR DUNCAN GIBB, BART., M.D. 
 
 THE LARYNGOSCOPE IN DISEASES OF THE THROAT, 
 
 with a Chapter on RHIKOSCOPY. Third Edition, \\ith Engravings. Crown 8vo., 5s. 
 
is MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILLS PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 ROBERT Q. GLENN, L.L.B., BARRISTER-AT-LAW. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE LAWS AFFECTING MEDiCAL MEN. 
 
 With a Chapter on Medical Etiquette by DR. A. CARPENTER. 8vo, 1 4s. 
 BENJAMIN GODFREY, M.D., F.R.A.S. 
 
 DISEASES OF HAIE : a popular Treatise upon the Affections of the 
 Hair System. Fcap. 8vo., 3*. 6d. 
 
 C. A. GORDON M.D., C.B. 
 
 ARMY HYGIENE. 8vo., 20,. 
 
 CHINA, FROM A MEDIC Al"' POINT OF VIEW; IN I860 
 
 AND 1861; With a Chapter on Nagasaki as a Sanatarium. 8vo., 10*. 6d. 
 
 S. O. HABERSHON, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE ABDOMEN, comprising those of the 
 Stomach and other Parts of the Alimentary Canal, (Esophagus, Stomach, Caecum, 
 Intestines, and Peritoneum. Second Edition, with Plates. 8vo., 14s. 
 
 ON THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF MERCURY IN THE 
 
 TREATMENT OF DISEASE. Post 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 in. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE LIYEE Lettsomian Lectures for 1872. 
 Post 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 C. RADCLYFFE HALL, F.R.C.P. 
 
 TORQUAY IN ITS MEDICAL ASPECT AS A RESORT FOR 
 
 PULMONARY INVALIDS. Post 8vo., 5s. 
 
 MICHAEL C. GRABHAM, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 THE CLIMATE AND RESOURCES OF MADEIRA, as 
 
 regarding chiefly the Necessities of Consumption and the Welfare of Invalids. With 
 Map and Engravings. Crown 8vo., 5s. 
 
 R. J. GRAVES, M.D.. F.R.S. 
 
 STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Edited by 
 
 Dr. Stokes. With Portrait and Memoir. 8vo., 14s. 
 T. GRIFFITHS. 
 
 CHEMISTRY OF THE FOUR SEASONS -Spring, Summer, 
 
 Autumn, Winter. Illustrated with Engravings on Wood. Second Edition. Foolscap * 
 
 8vo., 7s. 6d. ' 
 
 W. A. GUY, M.B., F.R.S., AND JOHN HARLEY, M,O., F.R.C.P. 
 
 HOOPER'S PHYSICIAN'S VADE-MECUM: OH, MANUAL OF 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. Seventh Edition. With 
 Engravings. Foolscap 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 GUY'S HOSPITAL REPORTS, Third Series. Vol. XVII., 8vo. 7*. 6rf. 
 
4* 
 
 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL S PUBLICATIONS. 19 
 
 REV. T F. HARDWICH. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMISTRY, with 
 
 Engravings. Seventh Edition. Foolscap 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 
 GEORGE HARLEY, M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE URINE AND ITS DERANGEMENTS 
 
 with the Application of Physiological .Chemistry to the Diagnosis and Treatment of 
 Constitutional as well as Local Diseases. Post 8vo., 9s. 
 
 J. BOWER HARRISON, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 LETTEES TO A TOTING PRACTITIONER ON THE DIS- 
 EASES OF CHILDREN. Foolscap 8 vo., 3s. 
 
 ON THE CONTAMINATION OF WATER BY THE POISON 
 
 OF LEAD, and its Effects on the Human Body. Foolscap 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 GEORGE HARTWIG, M.D. 
 
 ON SEA BATHING AND SEA AIR, Second Edition. Fcap. 
 
 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 ON THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, Fcap. 
 
 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 ALFRED HAVILAND, M.R.C.S. 
 
 <! CLIMATE, WEATHER, AND DISEASE ; being a Sketch of the 
 
 Opinions of the most celebrated Ancient and Modern Writers with regard to the Influence 
 of Climate and Weather in producing Disease. With Four coloured Engravings. 8vo., 7* 
 
 W. HAYCOCK, M.R.C.V.S. 
 
 HORSES; HOW THEY OUGHT TO BE SHOD: being a plain 
 
 and practical Treatise on the Principles and Practice of the Farrier's Art. With 
 14 Plates. 7*. 6d. 
 
 F. W. HEADLAND, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON THE ACTION OF MEDICINES IN THE SYSTEM, 
 
 Fourth Edition. 8vo., 14s. 
 
 TI. 
 
 A MEDICAL HANDBOOK ; comprehending such Information on Medical 
 and Sanitary Subjects as is desirable in Educated Persons. Second Thousand. Foolscap 
 8vo., 5s. 
 
 J. N. HEALE, M.D.. M.R.C.P. 
 
 $ A TREATISE ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF 
 
 THE LUNGS. With Engravings. 8vo., 8s. 
 
 A TREATISE ON VITAL CAUSES, 8vo., 9.s, 
 
 b > 
 
20 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILI/8 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER HEATH, F.R.C.S. 
 I. 
 
 PRACTICAL ANATOMY : a Manual of Dissections. With numerous 
 Engrarings. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 A MANUAL OF MINOE SURGERY AND BANDAGING, FOR 
 
 THE USE OF HOUSE-SURGEONS, DRESSERS, AND JUNIOR PRAC- 
 TITIONERS. With 74 Engravings. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 5s. 6d 
 
 in. 
 
 INJURIES AND DISEASES OF THE JAWS. JACKSONIAN 
 
 PRIZE ESSAY. Second Edition. With Engravings. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 JOHN HIQQINBOTTOM, F.R.S., F.R.C.S.E. 
 
 A PRACTICAL ESSAY ON THE USE OF THE NITRATE OF 
 
 SILVER IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATION, WOUNDS, AND 
 ULCERS. Third Edition, 8vo., 6s. 
 
 JOHN D. HILL, F.R.C.S. 
 
 AN ANALYSIS OF 140 CASES OF ORGANIC STRICTURE 
 
 OF THE URETHRA, of which 120 were submitted to HOLT'S OPERATION, 
 and 20 to PERINEAL SECTION. 8vo., 3s. 
 
 WILLIAM HINDS, M.D. 
 
 THE HARMONIES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE IN RELATION 
 
 TO THE HIGHER SENTIMENTS; with Observations on Medical Studies, and on 
 the Moral and Scientific Relations of Medical Life. Post 8vo., 4s. 
 
 RICHARD HODGES, M.D. 
 
 THE NATURE, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF PUER- 
 PERAL CONVULSIONS. Crown 8vo., 3s 
 
 DECIMUS HODGSON, M.D. 
 
 THE PROSTATE GLAND, AND ITS ENLARGEMENT IN 
 
 OLD AGE. With 12 Plates. Royal 8vo., 6. 
 
 LUTHER HOLDEN, F.R.C.S. 
 I. 
 
 HUMAN OSTEOLOGY : with Plates, showing the Attachments of the 
 Muscles. Fourth Edition. 8vo., 16s. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE DISSECTION OF THE HUMAN BODT. 
 
 With Engravings on Wood. Third Edition. 8vo., 16*. 
 
 ( 
 
 BARNARD HOLT, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON THE IMMEDIATE TREATMENT OF STRICTURE OF 
 
 THE URETHRA. Third Edition, Enlarged. 8vo., 6*. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 21 
 
 C. HOLTHOUSE, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON HERNIAL AND OTHER TUMOURS OF THE GROIN 
 
 and its NEIGHBOURHOOD ; with some Practical Remarks on the Radical Cur 
 of Ruptures. 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 P. HOOD, M.D. 
 
 A TREATISE ON GOUT, RHEUMATISM, AND THE ALLIED 
 
 AFFECTIONS. Crown 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF SCARLET FETER; 
 
 also, OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF 
 CROWING INSPIRATIONS OF INFANTS. Post8vo.,5*. 
 
 JOHN HORSLEY. 
 
 A CATECHISM OF CHEMICAL PHILOSOPHY; being a Familiar 
 
 Exposition of the Principles of Chemistry and Physics. With Engravinga on Wood. 
 Designed for the Use of Schools and Private Teachers. Post 8vo., 6s. 6d 
 
 I 
 
 JAMES A. HORTON, M.D. 
 
 PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY 
 
 OF THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA. 8vo., 10s. ] ( 
 
 LUKE HOWARD, F.R.S. 
 
 ESSAY ON THE MODIFICATIONS OF CLOUDS. Third Edition, 
 
 by W. D. and E. HOWARD. With 6 Lithographic Plates, from Pictures by Kenyon 
 4to., 10s. 6d. 
 
 A. HAMILTON HOWE, M.D. 
 
 A THEORETICAL INQUIRY INTO THE PHYSICAL CAUSE 
 
 OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES. Accompanied with Tables. 8vo. 7*. 
 
 C. W. HUFELAND. 
 
 THE ART OF PROLONGING LIFE, Second Edition. Edited 
 
 by ERASMUS WILSON, F.R.S. Foolscap 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 W. CURTIS HUGMAN, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON HIP JOINT DISEASE; with reference especially to Treatment 
 
 by Mechanical Means for the Relief of Contraction and Deformity of the Affected Limb. 
 With Plates. Re-issue, enlarged. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 Q. Y. HUNTER, M.R.C.S. X 
 
 BODY AND MIND : the Nervous System and its Derangements 
 ^ Fcap. 8vo., 3s. Gd. 
 
 ~! 
 
 *^ 
 
22 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 JONATHAN HUTCHINSON, F.R.C.S. 
 
 A CLINICAL MEMOIR ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE 
 
 EYE AND EAR, CONSEQUENT ON INHERITED SYPHILIS; with an 
 appended Chapter of Commentaries on the Transmission of Syphilis from Parent to 
 Offspring, and its more remote Consequences. With Plates and Woodcuts, 8vo., 9s. 
 
 T. H. HUXLEY, LL.D., F.R.S. 
 
 MANUAL OF THE ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATED ANIMALS. 
 
 With 1 10 Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 n. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS. 
 
 With Engravings. 8vo., 6*. 
 
 THOMA3 INMAN, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 FOUNDATION FOR A NEW THEORY AND PRACTICE 
 
 OF MEDICINE. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., I Os. 
 
 JAMES JAGO, M.D.OXON., A.B.CANTAB. 
 
 ENTOPTICS, WITH ITS USES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND 
 
 MEDICINE. With 54 Engravings. Crown 8vo., 5s. 
 
 M. PROSSER JAMES, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 SORE-THROAT: ITS NATURE, VARIETIES, AND TREAT- 
 
 ME' NT ; including the Use of the LARYNGOSCOPE as an Aid to Diagnosis. Second 
 Edition, with numerous Engravings. Post 8vo., 5s. 
 
 C. HANDFIELD JONES, M.B., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 STUDIES ON FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS DISORDERS. Second 
 
 Edition, much enlarged. 8vo., 18s. 
 
 H. BENCE JONES, M.D., F.R.C.P., D C.L., F.R.S. 
 
 LECTURES ON SOME OF THE APPLICATIONS OF 
 
 CHEMISTRY AND MECHANICS TO PATHOLOGY AND THERA- 
 PEUTICS. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 CEOONIAN LECTURES ON MATTER AND FORCE. Fcap. 8m, s* 
 
 C. HANDFIELD JONES, M.B., F.R.S., &, E. H. SIEVEKINQ, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY, illustrated with 
 
 numerous Engravings on Wood. Foolscap 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 23 
 
 JAMES JONES, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 ON THE USE OF PERCHLORIDE OF IRON AND OTHER 
 
 CHALYBEATE SALTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CONSUMPTION, Crown 
 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 T. WHARTON JONES, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF 
 
 OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY; with Nine Coloured Plates and 
 173 Wood Engravings. Third Edition, thoroughly revised. Foolscap 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 THE WISDOM AND BENEFICENCE OF THE ALMIGHTY, 
 
 AS DISPLAYED IN THE SENSE OF VISION. Actonian Prize Essay. With 
 Illustrations on Steel and Wood. Foolscap 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 m. 
 
 DEFECTS OF SIGHT AND HEARING: their Nature, Causes, Pre- 
 
 vention, and General Management. Second Edition, with Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 A CATECHISM OF THE MEDICINE AND SUKGERT OF 
 
 THE EYE AND EAR. For the Clinical Use of Hospital Students. Fcap. 8vo.,2s. 6d> 
 
 A CATECHISM OF THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY 
 
 OF BODY, SENSE, AND MIND. For Use in Schools and Colleges. Fcap. 8vo., 
 2s. Qd. 
 
 FURNEAUX JORDAN, F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE TREATMENT OF SURGICAL INFLAMMATIONS BY A 
 
 NEW METHOD, WHICH GREATLY SHORTENS THEIR DURATION. i 
 
 X 
 
 , 
 X With Plates. 8vo., Is. 6d. 
 
 U. J. KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH, M.P. 
 
 FIRST PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY: a Manual 
 
 of Inorganic Chemistry. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 GEORGE KENNION, M.D., F R.C.P. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS ON THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF HARRO- 
 
 GATE. Revised and Enlarged by ADAM BEALEY, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. Ninth 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, Is. 
 
 DR. LAENNEC. 
 
 A MANUAL OF AUSCULTATION AND PERCUSSION. Trans- 
 
 lated and Edited by J. B. SHARPE, M.R.C.S. Fcap. 8vo., 3*. 
 
 SIR WM. LAWRENCE, BART., F.R.S. 
 
 * LECTURES ON SURGERY, svo., 16*. 
 
 A TREATISE ON RUPTURES, The Fifth Edition, considerably 
 enlarged. 8vo., 16s. 
 
MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILI/S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 ARTHUR LEARED, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 IMPERFECT DIGESTION: ITS CAUSES AND TREATMENT. 
 
 Fifth Edition. Foolscap 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 I 
 
 HENRY LEE, F.R.O.S. 
 
 PRACTICAL PATHOLOGY, Third Edition, in 2 Vols. Containing 
 Lectures on Suppurative Fever, Diseases of the Veins, Haemorrhoidal Tumours, Diseases 
 of the Rectum, Syphilis, Gonorrhoeal Ophthalmia, &c. 8vo., 10s. each vol. 
 
 ROBERT LEE, M.D, F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 CONSULTATIONS IN MIDWIFERY, Foolscap 8m, 4.. M. ,, :) 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE SPECULUM; with Three Hundred Cases. 
 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 III. 
 
 CLINICAL REPORTS OF OVARIAN AND UTERINE DIS- 
 
 EASES, with Commentaries. Foolscap 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 WM. LEISHMAN, M.D., F.F.P.S. 
 
 THE MECHANISM OF PARTURITION: An Essay, Historical and 
 
 Critical. With Engravings. 8vo., 5s. 
 
 I 
 
 F. HARWOOD LESCHER. 
 
 THE ELEMENTS OF PHARMACY, 8vo., 7*. 6* 
 
 DR. LIEBREICH. 
 
 ATLAS OF OPHTHALMOSCOPYl representing the Normal and Patho- 
 logical Conditions of the Fundus Oculi as seen with the Ophthalmoscope. Composed of 
 12 Chromo-lithographic Plates (containing 59 Figures), accompanied by an Explanatory 
 Text, translated into English by H. ROSBOROUGH SWANZY, M.B. Dub. Second Edition, 
 Enlarged and Revised. 4to., 1. 10s. 
 
 ROBERT LISTON, F.R.S. 
 
 PRACTICAL SURGERY, Fourth Edition, s., 22*. 
 
 D. D. LOGAN, M.D., M.R.C.P.LOND. 
 
 ON OBSTINATE DISEASES OF THE SKIN, Fcap. 8vo., 2s. Qd. 
 
 LONDON HOSPITAL. 
 
 CLINICAL LECTURES AND REPORTS BY THE MEDICAL 
 
 AND SURGICAL STAFF. With Illustrations. Vols. I. to IV. 8vo.,7s. 6rf. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 25 
 
 ei *e-*- 
 
 LONDON MEDICAL SOCIETY OF OBSERVATION. 
 
 WHAT TO OBSERVE AT THE BED-SIDE, AND AFTER * 
 
 DEATH. Published by Authority. Second Edition. Foolscap 8vo., 4s. Qd. 
 HENRY LOWNDES, M.R.C.S. 
 
 AN ESSAY ON THE MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH. Fcap. 
 
 8vo., 2s. Qd. 
 
 WILLIAM MACCORMAC, F.R.C.S., M.R.I.A. 
 
 NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS OF AN AMBULANCE SUR- 
 
 GEON ; being an Account of Work done under the Red Cross during the Campaign of 
 1870. With 8 Plates. 8vo., 7s. Qd. 
 
 MORELL MACKENZIE, M.D. LOND., M.R.C.P. 
 
 GROWTHS IN THE LAKYNX, with Reports and an Analysis 
 of 100 consecutive Cases treated by the Author since the Invention of the Laryngoscope. 
 With Coloured Plates. 8vo., 12s. Gd. 
 
 HOARSENESS, LOSS OF 'VoiCE, AND STRIDULOUS 
 
 BREATHING in relation to NERVO- MUSCULAR AFFECTIONS of the 
 LARYNX. Second Edition. Fully Illustrated. 8vo., 3s. Qd. 
 
 in. 
 
 r THEOAT HOSPITAL PHARMACOPOEIA, containing upwards of 
 150 Formulae. Fcap. 8vo,, 2s. Qd. 
 
 A. C. MA^LEOoTiM.R.C.P.LOND. 
 
 ACHOLIC DISEASES | comprising Jaundice, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, 
 and Cholera. Post 8vo., 5s. Qd. 
 
 GEORGE H. B. MACLEOD, M.D., F.R.C.S.EDIN, 
 
 NOTES ON THE SURGERY OF THE CRIMEAN WAR; with 
 
 REMARKS on GUN-SHOT WOUNDS. 8vo., 10s. Qd. 
 
 WM. MACLEOD, M.D., F.R.C.P.EDIN. 
 
 THE THEORY OF THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE ADOPTED 
 
 AT BEN RHYDDING. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. Qd. 
 
 JOSEPH MACLISE, F.R.C.S. 
 
 SURGICAL ANATOMY. A Series of Dissections, illustrating the Prin- 
 cipal Regions of the Human Body. Second Edition, folio, cloth, 3. 12s.; half-morocco, 
 4. 4s. . 
 
 ON DISLOCATIONS AND FEACTURES, This Work is Uniform 
 
 with "Surgical Anatomy;" folio, cloth, 2. 10s.; half-morocco, 2. 17s. 
 N. C. MACNAMARA. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE DISEASES OF THE EYE. with 
 
 Coloured Plates. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. Qd. 
 
 A TREATISE ON ASIATIC CHOLERA; with Maps. 8vo., 16*. 
 
 WM. MARCET, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 ON CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION ; with an INQUIRY 
 
 INTO THE INFLUENCE OF THE ABUSE OF ALCOHOL AS A PRE- 
 DISPOSING CAUSE OF DISEASE. Second Edition, much enlarged. Foolscap 
 8vo., 4s. Qd. 
 
26 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILI/S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 t 
 
 J. MACPHERSON, M.D. 
 
 CHOLERA IN ITS HOME J with a Sketch of the Pathology and Treat- 
 ment of the Disease. Crown 8vo., 5a. 
 
 W. O. MARKHAM, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 DISEASES OE THE HEART :' THEIR PATHOLOGY, DIAG- 
 
 NOS1S, AND TREATMENT. Second Edition. Post 8vo., 6s. 
 
 SKODA ON AUSCULTATION' AND PERCUSSION, p os t 8 V0 ., 
 
 6s. 
 
 ALEXANDER MARSDEN, M.D., F.R.C.S. 
 
 A NEW AND SUCCESSFUL MODE OF TREATING CERTAIN 
 
 FORMS OF CANCER ; to which is prefixed a Practical and Systematic Description 
 of all the Varieties of this Disease. With Coloured Plates. 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 SIR RANALD MARTIN, C.B., F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF TROPICAL CLIMATES IN PRODUCING * 
 
 THE ACUTE ENDEMIC DISEASES OF EUROPEANS; including Practical 
 Observations on their Chronic Sequelae under the Influences of the Climate of Europe. 
 Second Edition, much enlarged. 8vo., 20s. 
 
 P. MARTYN, M.D.LOND. 
 
 HOOPING-COUGH; ITS PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT. 
 
 With Engravings. 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 C. F. MAUNDER, F.R.C.S. 
 
 OPERATIVE SURGERY, With 158 Engravings. Post 8vo., 6s. 
 
 R. G. MAYNE, M.D., LL.D. 
 
 AN EXPOSITORY LEXICON '' OF THE TERMS, ANCIENT 
 
 AND MODERN, IN MEDICAL AND GENERAL SCIENCE. 8vo.,2. 10s. 
 
 A MEDICAL VOCABULARY; or, an Explanation of all Names, 
 Synonymes, Terms, and Phrases used in Medicine and the relative branches of Medical 
 Science. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 8s. 6rf. 
 
 EDWARD MERYON, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL RESEARCHES ON THE 
 
 VARIOUS FORMS OF PARALYSIS. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 W. J. MOORE, M.D. 
 I. 
 
 X HEALTH IN THE TROPICS; or, Sanitary Art applied to Europeans 
 in India. 8vo., 9s. 
 
 I A MANUAL OF THE DISEASES OF- INDIA. Fcap. SVQ., 5. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 2? m 
 
 * **~ V 
 
 JAMES MORRIS, M.D.LOND. i 
 
 GERMINAL MATTER AND'' THE CONTACT THEORY: 
 
 An Essay on the Morbid Poisons. Second Edition. Crown 8vo.*, 4s. 6d. 
 
 ii. 
 
 IRRITABILITY : Popular and Practical Sketches of Common Morbid States 
 and Conditions bordering on Disease; with Hints for Management, Alleviation, and Cure. 
 Crown 8vo., 4s. 6^. 
 
 G. J. MULDER. 
 
 THE CHEMISTRY OF WINE, Edited by H. BENCE JONES, M.D., 
 
 F.R.S. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 W. MURRAY, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 EMOTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYS- 
 
 TEM OF NERVES. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 W. B. MUSHET, M.B., M.R.C.P. 
 
 ON APOPLEXY, AND ALLIED AFFECTIONS OF THE 
 
 BRAIN. 8vo., 7s. 
 
 ARTHUR B. R. MYERS, M.R.C.S. 
 
 ON THE ETIOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF DISEASES 
 
 of the HEART among SOLDIERS. With Diagrams. The " Alexander " Prize I 
 Essay. 8vo., 4s. \X 
 
 GEORGE NAYLER, F.R.C.S. jf 
 
 t ON THE DISEASES OF THE SKIN. With Plates. 8m, 10,. 6* 
 
 J. BIRKBECK NEVINS, M.D. 
 
 THE PRESCRIBER'S ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH 
 
 MACOPEIA of 1867. 32mo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 PATRICK NICOL, M.B. 
 
 A TRANSLATION OF DR. DILLNBERGER'S HANDY-BOOK 
 
 of the TREATMENT of WOMEN'S and CHILDREN'S DISEASES according to 
 the VIENNA MEDICAL SCHOOL. With Prescriptions. Fcap. 8vo., 5s. 
 
 H. M. NOAD, PH.D., F.R.S. 
 
 THE INDUCTION COIL, being a Popular Explanation of the Electrical 
 Principles on which it is constructed. Third Edition. With Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 
 
 SELBY NORTON, M.D. 
 
 INFANTILE DISEASES: their Causes, Prevention, and Treatment, 
 
 showing by what Means the present Mortality may be greatly reduced. Fcap. 8vo., 
 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 FRANCIS OPPERT, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 HOSPITALS, INFIRMARIES, 1 AND DISPENSARIES ; their 
 
 Construction, Interior Arrangement, and Management, with Descriptions ot existing 
 Institutions. With 58 Engravings. Royal 8vo., 10s. iid. 
 
 11. 
 
 YISCERAL AND HEREDITARY SYPHILIS, 8vo., 5.. 
 
MESSRS. j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 WM. MILLER ORD, M.B. LOND. 
 
 NOTES ON COMPAEATIYE ANATOMY : A Syllabus of a Cours 
 
 of Lectures delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital. Crown 8vo 5*. 
 
 LANGSTON PARKER, F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE MODERN TREATMENT OF SYPHILITIC DISEASES, 
 
 both Primary and Secondary; comprising the Treatment of Constitutional and Confirmed 
 Syphilis, by a safe and successful Method. Fifth Edition, 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 E. A. PARKES, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PRACTICAL 1 ' HYGIENE ; intended especially for 
 the Medical Officers of the Army. With Plates and Woodcuts. 3rd Edition, 8vo. ,16s. 
 
 THE URINE: ITS COMPOSITION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, 
 
 AND UNDER THE ACTION OF REMEDIES. 8vo. s 12s. 
 
 JOHN PARKIN, M.D., F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE ANTIDOTAL. TREATMENT AND PREYENTION OF 
 
 THE EPIDEMIC CHOLERA. Third Edition. 8vo., 7s. 6rf. 
 JAMES PART, F.R.C.S. 
 
 THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL POCKET CASE BOOK, 
 
 for the Registration of important Cases in Private Practice, and to assist the Student o 
 Hospital Practice. Second Edition. 2s. 6d. 
 
 JOHN PATTERSON, M.D. 
 
 EGYPT AND THE NILE AS A WINTER RESORT FOR 
 
 PULMONARY AND OTHER INVALIDS. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 
 F. W. PAVY, M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. 
 
 DIABETES : RESEARCHES ON ITS NATURE AND TREAT- 
 MENT. Second Edition. With Engravings. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 DIGESTION: ITS DISORDERS AND THEIR TREATMENT. 
 
 Second Edition. 8vo., 8s. 6d. 
 
 T. B. PEACOCK, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON MALFORMATIONS OF THE HUMAN HEART, with 
 
 Original Cases and Illustrations. Second Edition. With 8 Plates. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 ON SOME OF THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF VALVULAR 
 
 DISEASE OF THE HEART. With Engravings. 8vo., 5s. 
 JONATHAN PEREIRA, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 SELECTA E PRJSSCRIPTIS. Fifteenth Edition. 24mo., 5*. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 29 
 
 i 
 
 JAMES H. PICKFORD, M.D. 
 
 HYGIENE; or, Health as Depending upon the Conditions of the Atmo- 
 sphere, Food and Drinks, Motion and Rest, Sleep and Wakefulness, Secretions, Excre- 
 tions, and Retentions, Mental Emotions, Clothing, Bathing, &c. Vol. I. 8vo., 9s. 
 
 WILLIAM PIRRIE, M.D., C.M., F.R.S.E. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY, with 
 
 numerous Engravings on Wood. Second Edition. 8vo., 24s. 
 
 WILLIAM PIRRIE, M.D. 
 
 ON HAY ASTHMA, AND THE AEEECTION TERMED 
 
 HAY FEVER. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6d. 
 
 HENRY POWER, F.R.C.S., M.B.LOND. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL DISEASES 
 
 OF THE EYE : With an Account of their Symptoms, Pathology and Treatment. 
 Twelve Coloured Plates. 8vo., 20s. 
 
 HENRY F. A. PRATT, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 THE GENEALOGY OF CREATION, newly Translated from the 
 Unpointed Hebrew Text of the Book of Genesis, showing the General Scientific Accuracy 
 of the Cosmogony of Moses and the Philosophy of Creation. 8vo., 14s. 
 
 ON ECCENTRIC AND CENTRIC FORCE: A New Theory of 
 
 Projection. With Engravings. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 in. 
 
 ON ORBITAL MOTION: The Outlines of a System of Physical 
 Astronomy. With Diagrams. 8vo., 7s. 6d. 4 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS. The Cosmical Relations of 
 the Revolution of the Lunar Apsides. Oceanic Tides. With Engravings. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 v. 
 
 THE ORACLES OF GOD : An Attempt at a Re-interpretation. Part I. 
 The Revealed Cosmos. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 THE PRESCRIBER'S PHARMACOPEIA; the Medicines arranged 
 
 in Classes according to their Action, with their Composition and Doses. By a Prac- 
 tising Physician. Fifth Edition. 32mo., cloth, 2s. 6rf.; roan tuck (for the pocket), 
 3s. 6d. 
 
 JOHN ROWLISON PRETTY, M.D. 
 
 AIDS DURING LABOUR, including the Administration of Chloroform, 
 the Management of Placenta and Post-partum Haemorrhage. Fcap. 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 P. C. PRICE, F.R.C.S. 
 
 AiN ESSAY ON EXCISION OF THE KNEE-JOINT. With 
 
 Coloured Plates. With Memoir of the Author and Notes by Henry Smith, F.R.C.S. 
 Royal 8vo., Us. 
 
80 MESSRS. J. & A. CHTJRCHILI/S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 LAKE PRICE. 
 
 PHOTOGEAPHIC MANIPULATION: A Manual treating of the 
 Practice of the Art, and its various Applications to Nature. With numerous Engravings. 
 Second Edition. Crown 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 W. O. PRIESTLEY, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRAYID 
 
 UTERUS. 8vo., 5s. 6d. 
 
 F. H. RAMSBOTHAM, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDI- 
 
 CINE AND SURGERY. Illustrated with One Hundred and Twenty Plates on Steel 
 and Wood; forming one thick handsome volume. Fifth Edition. 8vo., 22*. 
 
 THOMAS READE, M.B.T.C.D., L.R.C.S.I. 
 
 SYPHILITIC AFFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, f 
 
 AND A CASE OF SYMMETRICAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY ; with other 
 Contributions to the Pathology of the Spinal Marrow. Post 8vo., 6s. 
 
 DU BOIS REYMOND. 
 
 ANIMAL ELECTRICITY ; Edited by H. BENCE JONES, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 With Fifty Engravings on Wood. Foolscap 8vo., 6s. 
 
 J. RUSSELL REYNOLDS, M D.LONO., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 EPILEPSY: ITS SYMPTOMS, ^TREATMENT, AND RELATION 
 
 TO OTHER CHRONIC CONVULSIVE DISEASES. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL 
 
 CORD, AND THEIR APPENDAGES. 8vo., 8s. 
 
 in. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE CLINICAL USES OF ELECTRICITY 
 
 delivered at University College Hospital. Post 8vo., 3s. 6rf. 
 
 B. W. RICHARDSON, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 ON THE CAUSE OF THE COAGULATION OF THE BLOOD. 
 
 Being the ASTLEY COOPER PRIZE ESSAY for 1856. With a Practical Appendix. 
 8vo., 16s. 
 
 ii. 
 
 DISCOURSES ON PRACTICAL PHYSIC 8vo., 5*. 
 
> 
 
 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL S PUBLICATIONS. 31 
 
 WILLIAM ROBERTS, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 AN ESSAY ON WASTING PALSY; being a Systematic Treatise on 
 the Disease hitherto described as ATROPHIE MUSCULAIRE PROGRESSIVE. 
 With Four Plates. 8vo., 5s. 
 
 C. H. F. ROUTH, D.M., M.R.C.P. 
 
 INFANT FEEDING, AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LIFE; 
 
 Or, the Causes and Prevention of Infant Mortality. Second Edition. Fcap. STO., 6*. 
 W. H. ROBERTSON, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 THE NATUEE AND TEEATMENT OF GOUT, 8vo., io.6* 
 
 H. 
 
 A TEEATISE ON DIET AND EEGIMEN, Fourth Edition. 2vois. 
 
 Post 8vo., 12s. 
 
 JAMES ROGERS, M.D. 
 
 ON THE PRESENT STATE OF THERAPEUTICS. With some 
 
 Suggestions for placing it on a more scientific basis. 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 G. R. ROWE, M.D. 
 
 NERVOUS DISEASES, LIVEE AND STOMACH COM- <2 
 
 PLAINTS, LOW SPIRITS, INDIGESTION, GOUT, ASTHMA, AND DIS- ft 
 ORDERS PRODUCED BY TROPICAL CLIMATES. With Caees. Sixteenth j 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6rf. ^ 
 
 i 
 J. F. ROYLE, M.D., F.R.S. AND F. W. HEADLAND, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 A MANUAL OE MATEEIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 With numerous Engravings on Wood. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 J. T. SAB8EN, M.D. AND J. H. BALFOUR BROWNE. 
 
 HANDBOOK OF LAW AND LUNACY; or, the Medical Practitioners 
 Complete Guide in all Matters relating to Lunacy Practice. 8vo. 5s. 
 
 ST, GEOBGE'S HOSPITAL EEPOETS. Vois. I to v. 8vo., 7.. ed. 
 
 ST, THOMAS'S HOSPITAL EEPOETS, Vols. I. and IL, New Series, 
 8vo., 8s. 
 
 H. HYDE SALTER, M,D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 ASTHMA. Second Edition. 8vo., 10*. 
 
 W. -H. O- SANKEY, M.D.LOND., F.R.C.P. 
 
 LECTURES ON MENTAL DISEASES. 8m, 8* g 
 
32 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL*S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 
 A. E. SANSOM, M.D.LOND., M.R.C.P. 
 
 CHLOROFORM : ITS ACTION AND ADMINISTRATION. A Hand- 
 book. With Engravings. Crown 8vo., 5s. 
 
 HENRY SAVAGE, M.D.LOND., RR.C.S. 
 
 THE SURGERY, SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, AND SUR- 
 
 GICAL ANATOMY of the FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS, in a Series of 
 Coloured Plates taken from Nature. With Commentaries, Notes and Cases. Second 
 Edition, greatly enlarged. 4to., 1. lls. 6d. 
 
 JOHN SAVORY, M.S.A. 
 
 A COMPENDIUM OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE. AND COMPA- 
 
 NION TO THE MEDICINE CHEST; intended as a Source of Easy Reference for 
 Clergymen, and for Families residing at a Distance from Professional Assistance. 
 Eighth Edition. 12mo., 5s. 
 
 HERMANN SCHACHT. 
 
 THE MICROSCOPE, AND ITS APPLICATION TO VEGETABLE 
 
 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. Edited by FREDERICK CURREY, M.A. Post 
 8vo., 6s. 
 
 R. E. SCORES BY-JACKSON, M.D., F.R.S.E. 
 
 MEDICAL CLIMATOLOGY ; or, a Topographical and Meteorological 
 Description of the Localities res< rted to in Winter and Summer by Invalids of various 
 classes both at Home and Abroad. With an Isothermal Chart. Post 8vo., 12s. 
 
 R H. SEMPLE M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 ON COUGH : its Causes, Varieties, and Treatment. With some practical 
 Remarks on the Use of the Stethoscope as an aid to Diagnosis. Post 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 THOS. SHAPTER, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 THE CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH OF DEVON, AND ITS 
 
 INFLUENCE UPON HEALTH. Second Edition, with Maps. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 E. SHAW, M.R.C.S. 
 
 THE MEDICAL REMEMBRANCER; OB, BOOK OF EMER- 
 GENCIES. Fifth Edition. Edited, with Additions,by JONATHAN HuTCHiNSON,F.B.C.S. 
 32mo., 2s.6rf. 
 
 JOHN SHEA, M.D., B.A. 
 
 A MANUAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. With an Appendix of 
 
 Questions for the B.A. London and other Examinations. With Engravings. Foolscap ^ t 
 8vo., 5s. 6d. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 33 
 
 FRANCIS SIBSON, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 MEDICAL ANATOMY. With 21 coloured Plates. Imperial folio. 
 Cloth, 2. 2s.; half-morocco, 2. 10*. 
 
 E. H. SIEVEKINQ, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTIFORM SEIZURES: their 
 
 Causes, Pathology, and Treatment. Second Edition. Post 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 E. B. SINCLAIR, M.D., F.K.Q.C.P., AND G. JOHNSTON, M.D., F.K.Q.C.P. 
 
 PRACTICAL MIDWIFERY : Comprising an Account of 13,748 Deli- 
 
 veries, which occurred in the Dublin Lying-in Hospital, during a period of Seven Years. 
 8vo., 10s. 
 
 d; L. SIORDET, M.B.LOND., M.R.C.P. 
 
 MENTONE IN ITS MEDICAL ASPECT. Foolscap 8vo., 2,. e* 
 
 ALFRED SMEE, M.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 GENERAL DEBILITY AND DEFECTIVE NUTRITION; then 
 
 Causes, Consequences, and Treatment. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 WM. SMELLIE, M.O. 
 
 OBSTETRIC PLATES ' being a Selection from the more Important and 
 Practical Illustrations contained in the Original Work. With Anatomical and Practical 
 Directions. 8vo., 5*. 
 
 HENRY SMITH, F.R.C.S. 
 
 ON STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA. 8vo, 7,. 6* 
 HEMORRHOIDS AND PROLAPSUS OF THE RECTUM : 
 
 Their Pathology and Treatment, with especial reference to the use of Nitric Acid. Third 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 
 
 in. 
 
 THE SURGERY OF THE RECTUM. Lettsomian Lectures. Third 
 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
 JOHN SMITH, M.D., F.R.C.S.EDIN. 
 
 HANDBOOK OF DENTAL ANATOMY AND SURGERY, FOR 
 
 THE USE OF STUDENTS AND PRACTITIONERS. Second Edition. Fcap. 
 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 J. BARKER SMITH. 
 
 PHARMACEUTICAL GUIDE TO THE FIRST AND SECOND 
 
 EXAMINATIONS. Crown 8vo., 6s. 6rf. 
 
 W. TYLER SMITH, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 A MANUAL OF OBSTETRICS, THEORETICAL AND PRAC- 
 
 TICAL. Illustrated with 186 Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6rf. 
 JOHN SNOW, M.D. 
 
 ON CHLOROFORM AND OTHER ANESTHETICS: THEIR 
 
 ACTION AND ADMINISTRATION. Edited, with a Memoir of the Author, by 
 Benjamin W. Richardson, M.D. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 I 
 
34 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 STANHOPE TEMPLEMAN SPEER, M.D. 
 
 t PATHOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, IN ITS APPLICATION TO 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Translated from the French of MM. BEOQUEREL 
 and RODIER. 8vo., reduced to 8*. 
 
 j. K. SPENDER, M.D.LOND. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT 
 
 OF ULCERS AND CUTANEOUS DISEASES OF THE LOWER LIMBS. 
 8vo., 4*. . ~~ >~~ 
 
 PETER SQUIRE. 
 
 A COMPANION TO THE ''BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA. 
 
 Eighth Edition. 8vo., 10s. 6d. n. 
 
 THE PHARMACOPEIAS OF THE LONDON HOSPITALS, 
 
 arranged in Groups for easy Reference and Comparison. Second Edition. 18mo., 5*. 
 WM. SQUIRE, MR.C.P.LOND. 
 
 TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; containing (I) Temperature 
 Variations in the Diseases of Children, (2) Puerperal Temperatures, (3) Infantile Tempe- 
 ratures in Health and Disease. 8vo., 5s. 
 
 JOHN STEGGALL, M.D. 
 
 A MEDICAL MANUAL FOR APOTHECARIES' HALL AND OTHER MEDICAL 
 
 BOARDS. Twelfth Edition. 12mo., 10s. 
 
 A MANUAL FOR THE COLLEGE OF SURGEONS; intended for the Use 
 
 of Candidates for Examination and Practitioners. Second Edition. 12mo., 10s. 
 
 in. 
 
 FIRST LINES FOR CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS PREPARING FOR EX- 
 AMINATION AT THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY. Third Edition. 
 18mo., 3s. 6d. ~~~- 
 
 WM. STOWE, M.R.C.S. 
 
 A TOXICOLOGICAL CHART, exhibiting at one view the Symptoms, 
 Treatment, and Mode of Detecting the various Poisons, Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. 
 To which are added concise Directions for the Treatment of Suspended Animation. 
 Twelfth Edition, revised. On Sheet, 2s.; mounted on Roller, 5s. 
 
 FRANCIS SUTTON, F.C.S. 
 
 A SYSTEMATIC HANDBOOK OF VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS; 
 
 or, the Quantitative Estimation of Chemical Substances by Measure. With Engravings. 
 Second Edition, much enlarged. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 W. P. SWAIN, F.R.C.S. 
 
 INJURIES AND DISEASES OF THE KNEE-JOINT, and 
 
 their Treatment by Amputation and Excision Contrasted. Jacksonian Prize Essay. 
 With 3 6 Engravings. 8vo., 9s. 
 
 J. G. SWAYNE, M.D. 
 
 OBSTETRIC APHORISMS FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS 
 
 COMMENCING MIDWIFERY PRACTICE. With Engravings on Wood. Fifth 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. 6d. 
 
' I MESSRS, j. ft A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 35 
 
 *e^ *e-^ 
 
 JOHN TANNER, M.D., M.RC.P.EDIN. 
 
 PRACTICAL MIDWIFERY AND OBSTETRICS, including An**- 
 
 thetics. With Numerous Engravings. 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 SIR ALEXANDER TAYLOR, M.D., F.R.S.E. 
 
 THE CLIMATE OF PAU; with a Description of the Watering Places 
 
 of the Pyrenees, and of the Virtues of their respective Mineral Sources in Disease. Third 
 Edition. Post 8vo., 7s. 
 
 ALFRED S. TAYLOR, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 THE PEINCIPLES AND PEACTICE OF MEDICAL JUEIS- 
 
 PRUDENCE. With 176 Wood Engravings. 8vo., 28s. 
 
 A MANUAL OF MEDICAL JUEISPEUDENCE, Eighth Edition. 
 
 With Engravings. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 in. 
 
 ON POISONS, in relation to MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND 
 MEDICINE. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6<*. 
 
 THEOPHILUS THOMPSON, M.D., RR.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 CLINICAL LECTURES ON PULMONARY CONSUMPTION; 
 
 with additional Chapters by E. SYMKS THOMPSON, M.D. With Plates. 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 
 ROBERT THOMAS, M.D. 
 
 THE MODEEN PEACTICE OF PHYSIC; exhibiting the Symp- 
 
 toms, Causes, Morbid Appearances, and Treatment of the Diseases of all Climates. 
 Eleventh Edition. Revised by ALGERNON FRAMPTON, M.D. 2 vols. 8vo., 28s. 
 
 SIR HENRY THOMPSON, F.RO.S. 
 
 STEICTUEE OF THE UEETHEA AND UEINAEY FISTULE 
 
 their Pathology and Treatment. Jacksonian Prize Essay. With Plates. Third Edition. 
 8vo., 10s. n . 
 
 THE DISEASES OF THE PEOSTATE; their Pathology and Treat- 
 ment. With Plates. Third Edition. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 JIL 
 
 PEACT1CAL LITHOTOMY AND LITHOTEITY; or, An inquiry 
 
 into the best Modes of removing Stone from the Bladder. With numerous Engravings. 
 Second Edition. 8vo., 10s. 
 
 CLINICAL LECTURES ON DISEASES OF THE URINARY 
 
 ORGANS. With Engravings. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 5t. 
 
 J. C. THOROWGOOD, M.D.LOND. 
 
 NOTES ON ASTHMA; its Nature, Forms and Treatment. Crown 
 8vo., 4s. 
 
 J. L. W. THUDICHUM, M.D., NKR.C.P. 
 
 A TEEATISE ON GALL STORES: their Chemistry, Pathology, 
 and Treatment. With Coloured Plates. 8vo., 10. 
 
MKSSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 E. J. TILT, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 ON UTERINE AND OVARIAN INFLAMMATION, AND ON 
 
 THE PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASES OF MENSTRUATION. Third Edition. 
 8vo., 12s. 
 
 A HANDBOOK OF UTERINE THERAPEUTICS AND OF 
 
 DISEASES OF WOMEN. Third Edition. Post 8vo., 10s. 
 
 ill. 
 
 THE CHANGE OF LIFE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: a 
 
 Practical Treatise on the Nervous and other Affections incidental to Women at the Decline 
 of Life. Third Edition. Rewritten and Enlarged. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 ROBERT B. TODD, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 CLINICAL LECTURES OK THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. 
 
 New Edition, in one Volume, Edited by DB. BEALE, Svo., 18s. 
 
 ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS, AND 
 
 ON DROPSIES. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 JOHN TOMES, F.R.S. 
 
 A MANUAL OF DENTAL SURGERY, With 208 Engravings on A 
 Wood. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. Gd. 
 
 JAS. M. TURNBULL, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 AN INQUIRY INTO THE CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION, 
 
 ITS PREVENTION, AND THE PROGRESS OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE 
 TREATMENT. Third Edition. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISORDERS OF THE STOMACH 
 
 with FERMENTATION; and on the Causes and Treatment of Indigestion. 8vo., 6s. 
 DUNCAN TURNER, L.R.C.P. 
 
 A MANUAL OF DIET FOR THE INVALID AND DYSPEPTIC; 
 
 With Hints on Nursing. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., 2s. Qd. 
 R. V. TUSON, F.C.S. 
 
 A PHARMACOPOEIA ; including the Outlines of Materia Medica 
 
 and Therapeutics, for the Use of Practitioners and Students of Veterinary Medicine. 
 Post 8vo., 7s. / ^ w ^ vw _ 
 
 ALEXR. TWEEDIE, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. 
 
 CONTINUED FEYERS: THEIR DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS, 
 
 PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT. With Coloured Plates. 8vo., 12s. 
 
 DR. UNDERWOOD. 
 
 TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. Tenth Edition, 
 
 with Additions and Corrections by HENRY DAVIES, M.D. 8vo.,15s. 
 
 VESTIGES OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CREATION. 
 
 Eleventh Edition. Illustrated with 106 Engravings on Wood. 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 -* * 
 
MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL S PUBLICATIONS. 37 
 
 ~* _ ^ 
 
 WM. G. VALENTIN, F.C.S. 
 
 * A TEST-BOOK OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY: a Guide to the " 
 
 Course of Practical Instruction given in the Laboratories of the Royal Colleee of 
 Chemistry. With 90 Engravings. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 J. L. C. SCHROEDER VAN DER KOLK. 
 
 THE PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF MENTAL 
 
 DISEASES. Translated by Mr. RUDALL, F.R.C.S. 8vo., 7s. 6rf. 
 
 MISS VEITCH. 
 
 HANDBOOK FOE NUESES FOE THE SICK, Crown 8vo, 2.. e</. 
 
 ROBERT WADE, F.R.C.S. 
 
 STEICTUEE OF THE URETHRA, ITS COMPLICATIONS 
 
 AND EFFECTS; a Practical Treatise on the Nature and Treatment of those 
 Affections. Fourth Edition. 8vo., 7s. Gd. 
 
 ADOLPHE WAHLTUCH, M.D. 
 
 A DICTIONARY OF MATEEIA MEDICA AND THEEA- < 
 
 PEUTICS. 8vo.,15. 
 
 J. WEST WALKER, M.B.LOND. 
 
 ON DIPHTHERIA AND DIPHTHERITIC DISEASES. Fcap. 
 
 8vo., 3s. ^. 
 
 CHAS. WALLER, M.D. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF PRACTICAL MIDWIFERY; or, Companion to * 
 
 the Lying-in Room. Fourth Edition, with Plates. Fcap. 8vo., 4s. 6d. 
 
 HAYNES WALTON, F.R.C.S. 
 
 SURGICAL DISEASES OF THE EYE, With Engravings on 
 
 Wood. Second Edition. 8vo., 14s. 
 
 STEPHEN H, WARD, M.D. LOND., F.R.C.P. 
 
 ON SOME AFFECTIONS OF THE LIVER AND INTESTINAL 
 
 CANAL; with Remarks on Ague and its Sequelae, Scurvy, Purpura, &c. 8vo. 7s. 
 
 E. d. WARING, M.D., F.R.C.P.LONO. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PRACTICAL THERAPEUTICS. Third Edition, 
 
 Revised. Fcap. 8vo., 12s. 6d. 
 
 n. 
 
 THE TROPICAL RESIDENT AT HOME. Letters addressed to 
 
 Europeans returning from India and the Colonies on Subjects connected with their Health 
 and General Welfare. Crown 8vo., 5s. 
 
38 MESSRS. J. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS, 
 
 A. T. H. WATERS, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE CHEST,' CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEIR 
 
 CLINICAL HISTORY, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT. With Plates. 
 8vo., 12s. 6d. u 
 
 THE ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN LUNG. The Prize Essay 
 
 to which the Fothergillian Gold Medal was awarded by the Medical Society of London. 
 Post 8vo., 6s. 6d. in. 
 
 RESEARCHES ON THE NATURE, PATHOLOGY, AND 
 
 TREATMENT OF EMPHYSEMA OF THE LUNGS, AND ITS RELA- 
 TIONS WITH OTHER DISEASES OF THE CHEST. With Engravings. 8vo., 5s. 
 
 ALLAN WEBB, M.D., F.R.C.S.L. 
 
 THE SURGEON'S READY RULES FOR OPERATIONS IN 
 
 SURGERY. Royal 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 J. SOELBERG WELLS. F.R.C.S. 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF THE EYE. With 
 
 Coloured Plates and Wood Engravings. Second Edition. 8vo., 24s. 
 
 II. 
 
 ON LONG, SHORT, AND WEAK SIGHT, and their Treatment by 
 
 the Scientific Use of Spectacles. Third Edition. With Plates. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 T. SPENCER WELLS, F.R.C.S. 
 
 SCALE OE MEDICINES FOR MERCHANT VESSELS, 
 
 With Observations on the Means of Preserving the Health of Seamen, &c., &c. 
 Seventh Thousand. Fcap. 8vo., 3s. Grf. 
 
 WEST RIDING LUNATIC ASYLUM EEPOETS. Edited b y 
 
 J. CKICHTON BROWNE, M.D., F.R.S.E. Vol. I. 8vo, 7s. 6d. 
 
 CHARLES WEST, M.D., F.R:C.P. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN, Third Edition. 
 
 8vo., 16s. ~ *. 
 
 JAMES WHITEHEAD, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 
 ON THE TRANSMISSION FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING 
 
 OF SOME FORMS OF DISEASE, AND OF MORBID TAINTS AND 
 TENDENCIES. Second Edition. 8vo., 10s. 6d. 
 
 FORBES WINSLOW, M.D., D.C.L.OXON. 
 
 OBSCUEE DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND MIND. 
 
 Fourth Edition. Carefully Revised. Post 8vo., I Os. 6d. 
 
 T. A. WISE, M.D., F.R.C.P.EDIN. 
 
 REYIEW OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AMONG 
 
 ASIATIC NATIONS. Two Vols. 8vo., 16s. 
 
 Q. C. WITTSTEIN. 
 
 PRACTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY: An Explanation 
 
 of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Processes, with the Methods of Testing the Purity of 
 the Preparations, deduced from Original Experiments. Translated from the Second 
 German Edition, by STEPHEN DARBY. 18mo., 6s. 
 
MESSRS, j. & A. CHURCHILL'S PUBLICATIONS. 39 
 
 ERASMUS WILSON, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 I. 
 
 THE ANATOMIST'S VADE-MECUM: A SYSTEM OF HUMAN 
 
 ANATOMY. With numerous Illustrations on Wood. Eighth Edition. Fcap.8vo.,12s.6<*. 
 
 11. 
 
 ON DISEASES OE THE SKIN: A SYSTEM OF CUTANEOUS 
 
 MEDICINE. Sixth Edition. 8vo., 18s. 
 
 THE SAME WORK; illustrated with finely executed Engravings on Steel, accurately 
 coloured. 8vo., 36s. 
 
 in. 
 
 HEALTHY SKIN : A Treatise on the Management of the Skin and Hair 
 in relation to Health. Seventh Edition. Foolscap 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 PORTRAITS OF DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Folio. Fasciculi I. 
 
 to XII., completing the Work. 20s. each. The Entire Work, half morocco, 13. 
 
 THE STUDENT'S BOOK OF CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND 
 
 DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Post 8vo., 8s. 6d. 
 
 VI. 
 
 f LECTURES ON EKZEMA AND EKZEMATOUS AFFEC- f 
 
 TIONS ; with an Introduction on the General Pathology of the Skin, and an Appendix 
 of Essays and Cases. 8vo. 10s. 6d. 
 
 VII. 
 
 LECTURES ON DERMATOLOGY DELIVERED AT THE 
 
 ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, JANUARY, 1870 : Synopsis of 
 Diseases of the Skin. 8vo., 6s. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 X ON SYPHILIS, CONSTITUTIONAL AND HEREDITARY; 
 
 AND ON SYPHILITIC ERUPTIONS. With Four Coloured Plates. 8vo., 16s. 
 
 A THREE WEEKS' SCAMPER THROUGH THE SPAS OF 
 
 GERMANY AND BELGIUM, with an Appendix on the Nature and Uses of 
 Mineral Waters. Post 8vo., 6s. 6d. 
 
 x. 
 
 THE EASTERN OR TURKISH BATH: its History, Kevivai in 
 
 Britain, and Application to the Purposes of Health. Foolscap 8vo., 2s. 
 
 A WOLFF, FiR.C.S. 
 
 ZYMOTIC DISEASES: their Correlation and Causation. Post 
 8vo., 5s. 
 
 HENRY Q. WRIGHT, M.D., M.R.C.P. 
 I. 
 
 UTERINE DISORDERS : their Constitutional Influence and Treatment. 
 8vo., 7s. 6d. 
 
 ii. 
 
 HEADACHES; their Causes and their Cure. Fourth Edition. Fcap 8vo. 
 2s. 6d. 5 
 
CHURCHILL'S SERIES OF MANUALS. 
 
 Fcap. 8vo., 12. Qd. each. 
 
 "We here give Mr. Churchill public thanks or the positive benefit conferred on the 
 Medical Profession, by the series of beautiful and cheap Manuals which bear his imprint." 
 British and Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 AGGREGATE SALE, 16O,OOO COPIES. 
 
 ANATOMY. With 280 Engravings. Eighth Edition. By ERASMUS 
 WILSON, F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 
 BOTANY. With 1,127 Engravings. Second Edition. By ROBERT 
 BENTLEY, F.L.S. 
 
 CHEMISTRY. With 193 Engravings. Tenth Edition, 14*. By GEORGE 
 FOWNES, F.R.S., H. BENCE JONES, M.D., F.R.S., and HENRY 
 WATTS, B.A., F.R.S. 
 
 DENTAL SURGERY. With 208 Engravings. By JOHN TOMES, F.R.S. 
 
 EYE, DISEASES OF. With 14 coloured Plates and 52 Wood Engravings. 
 By C. MACNAMARA. 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA. With 113 Engravings. Fifth Edition. By 
 J. FORBES ROYLE, M.D., F.R.S., and F. W. HEADLAND, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. With 45 Engravings. Eighth Edition. 
 By ALFRED SWAINE TAYLOR, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Second Edition. By G. HJLARO BARLOW, 
 
 M.D., M.A. 
 The MICROSCOPE and its REVELATIONS. With 25 Plates and 412 
 
 Wood Engravings. Fourth Edition. By W. B. CARPENTER, M.D., F.R.S. 
 NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. With 701 Engravings. Sixth Edition. 
 
 By CHARLES BROOKE, M.B., M.A., F.R.S. Based on the Work of the 
 
 late Dr. Golding Bird. 
 OBSTETRICS. With numerous Engravings. By W. TYLER SMITH, 
 
 M.D., F.R.C.P. (Reprinting). 
 OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE and SURGERY. With 9 coloured Plates 
 
 and 173 Wood Engravings. Third Edition. By T. WHARTON JONES, 
 
 F.R.C.S., F.R.S. 
 PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. With 167 Engravings. By C. HANDFIELD 
 
 JONES, M.B., F.R.S., and E. H. SIEVEKING, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 PHYSIOLOGY. With 2 Steel Plates and 250 Engravings. Fourth Edition. 
 
 By WILLIAM B. CARPENTER, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 POISONS. Second Edition. By ALFRED SWAINE TAYLOR, M.D., F.R.S. 
 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. With 226 Engravings. Second Edition. 
 
 By CHRISTOPHER HEATH, F.R.C.S. 
 SURGERY. With numerous Engravings. By THOMAS BRYANT, F.R.C.S. 
 
 (In the Press). 
 THERAPEUTICS. Third Edition. By E. J. Waring, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 
 BLAKCHABD If SONS, PBINTKRB, 62, MILLBAKK 6TBBBT; 
 HOHM-AHD-OBOOH TAJID, WOOD *TKT, WKKTMIIfSTKK. 
 
 ^7^R 
 
RETURN BIOLOGY LIBRARY 
 
 3503 Life Sciences Bldg. 642-2531 
 
 2. 
 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 APRU 
 
 Subject %Recal| 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
 FORM NO. DD4, 7m, 477 BERKELEY, CA 94720