Private library OF Price RAYMOND GETTEL, Shippensburg, P a . GIFT OF Raymond Gettell THE MODEL WORD BOOK, No. 3. MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY; CONTAINING LATIN AND GREEK DERIVATIVES, WITH A KEY, GIVING THE PREFIX, ROOT, AND SUFFIX. BY A. C.WEBB, AUTHOR OF "THE MODEL ETYMOLOGY," "THE MODEL DEFINER," " HISTORICAL COMPANION," ETC. PHILADELPHIA : ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street. WEB B'S MODEL WORD-BOOK SERIES. 1. The Model Deflner. 2. The Model Etymology. 3. A Manual of Etymology Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Manual of Etymology has been prepared in re- sponse to a demand for an advanced work, based on the same principles and presenting the same features as the Model Etymology. The work is progressive, and is specially adapted to use in the class-room. Commencing with affixes, it car- ries the pupil, by easy gradations, through the Latin derivatives, each word being illustrated by a sentence containing some historical, scientific, or interesting fact. In preparing Part III., which treats of Greek roots and derivatives, it has been the aim of the author to remove those obstacles which long experience in teach- ing has shown to exist. Each division of the subject ends with a Eeview. THE KEY Is a valuable feature of the work. It analyzes every word about which a doubt could arise, and gives not only the prefix and root, but also that most difficult part, the suffix. iii M633167 PAGK THE IMPORTANCE OF WORDS .... .... 5 AFFIXES 7 CLASSIFICATION OF THE .ENGLISH LANGUAGE .... 9 ANGLO-SAXON 9 LATIN AND GREEK 11 LATIN PRONUNCIATION, BY W. G. RICHARDSON, M.A. . . 12 THE ROMAN METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN . . . .12 THE ENGLISH METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN . . . 15 THE CONTINENTAL METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN . . .16 THE USE OF WORDS 17 AID TO COMPOSITION 18 DEFINITIONS 20 PREFIXES 20-27 REVIEW OF PREFIXES 27-39 ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES ..... 39 SUFFIXES 39-51 REVIEW OF SUFFIXES 51-60 ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES NOTE TO STUDENTS ABBREVIATIONS 60 LATIN DERIVATIVES, WITH A SENTENCE SHOWING THE CORRECT USE OF EACH WORD 61-225 REVIEW OF ROOTS WORDS SELECTED PROMISCUOUSLY FROM THE FlBST ROOT THROUGH EACH SUCCESSIVE TWENTY-FIVE OR FlFTY ROOTS 225-227 GREEK ALPHABET 228 SOUNDS OF THE GREEK LETTERS 229 GREEK PREFIXES 230 SUFFIXES 232 GREEK DERIVATIVES . 233-287 REVIEW 288 290-317 iv S. importance of WORDS, in all the processes of education, -L cannot be over-estimated. Education depends on a knowledge of the meaning and appli- cation of WORDS. Knowledge can be imparted and received only by the medium of WORDS correctly used and properly understood. The basis of a good education must be laid with WORDS well chosen, properly arranged, and firmly implanted in the mind. A complete Unabridged Dictionary of the English language contains one hundred and fourteen thousand words; yet it is possible for knowledge to be so contracted and thought so lim- ited that one thousand words will supply every w^ant. It is as- serted that some of the English peasantry do not use more than three hundred words. In our own country, with all our boasted education, what poverty of language! the same adjective de- scribing qualities totally dissimilar; adverbs conjoined which actually contradict each other; stereotyped or even slang ex- pressions betraying utter barrenness ; generic terms where pre- cision demands specific and, still more frequently, special and definite appellatives to express general ideas which can be con- veyed only by generic terms. Many intelligent persons, moving in good society, cannot talk five minutes without betraying a lamentable ignorance of so-called synonyms, an utter lack of discrimination in the choice of words, a misapplication of terms and a poverty of speech, strangely contrasting with the material wealth of their surroundings. No matter of whom, or of what, a man speaks, the one thing 1* 5 6 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. that he reveals in speaking is himself. Therefore the wise man showed a knowledge of human nature when he declared that "He that shutteth his lips is esteemed a man of under- standing." A wiser than Solomon unfolds a till deeper truth in the declaration, " By thy WORDS thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned," for the words used by a speaker are a sure index of the depth of his knowledge, his acquaintance with literature, range of thought, mental disci- pline, habits of discrimination, and power of analysis. Convinced, then, of the absolute importance of a thorough and familiar knowledge of our language, the question arises, "How is it to be taught ?" Beside the ponderous Unabridged Diction- ary, with its one hundred and fourteen thousand words, we lay the childish task in "definitions," acquired with painful effort, and frequently forgotten as soon as recited. One hundred and fourteen thousand words! The undertaking seems hopeless. But here Etymology, with its generalization and analysis, comes to our aid. It makes the impossible the possible. It takes the task out of the drudgery of mere abstract memorizing, and trans- forms it into a delightful pursuit. It awakens the perceptive fac- ulties by presenting resemblances and differences ; it strengthens the memory by calling reason and judgment to its aid. It invig- orates all the powers of the mind, and enlarges its capacity by training it to accuracy and precision in the classification of words. The study of definitions is like the gathering of an armful of crooked and jagged sticks. Each gnarled and knotty limb lies apart from its fellow. The rough edges pierce the flesh ; and in the attempt to add to our stock we lose those already acquired with such painful effort. But when we study the English lan- guage etymologically, we are as one who walks in a lovely garden, to cull its choicest flowers. Each step reveals new beauties. Fresh surprises await us on every hand. The senses are re- galed and delighted. All the faculties of mind and body are stimulated and roused to active exercise. Attracted on every side, we go on, unweariedly, from flower-bed to flower-bed, gath- ering here a blossom and there a bud, constantly adding to our stock new treasures and new beauties. So with the student of Etymology. He is charmed with the novelty, delighted with fiv-li acquisitions of knowledge, and satisfied in the conscious- ness that faithful labor will be rewarded by a thorough knowl- WORDS. 7 edge of the language. While it is true that there are over one hundred thousand words, it is also true that the key to the meanings of a large portion of them is found in a few Root Words, not numbering probably one thousand.* Facio, factum, to make, to do, enters into the composition of six hundred words. By the aid of affixes, not less than three thousand words are de- rived from ten easy roots. CAPIO, I take. FACIO, I make. GBAPHO, I write. LOGOS, reason, discourse, science. MITTO, I send. PONO, I put, I place. SEDEO, I sit. SISTO, I stand. TEAHO, I draw. VERTO, I turn. A knowledge of the small number of Root Words gives us a conception of the wonderful formative and modifying power of affixes. AFFIXES. THE richness and diversity of the English language result from causes which are organic. The language has reached its high rank by a steady growth ; by development from within and not by accretions and additions from without. The words borrowed from foreign languages, and incorporated without change, in the English, do not number more than five per cent. Those who have given little attention to the subject, would be astonished at the number of words into which a single prefix or suffix enters. Take, for example, the prefix un, meaning in verbs, to reverse the act of; to deprive of; and in adjectives, the reverse of; not, and we shall find it probably in not less than seven thousand words. Con, with the various forms which it assumes, as, co, col, com, and its Greek equivalent, syn, probably enters into the composition of five thousand. We have no means of verifying these calculations, for even "Unabridged Dictionaries" do not attempt to give all the " compounds." Our purpose is to show the value of the study of Etymology to all classes of students to those who are fa- miliar with Latin and Greek, as well as to those whose only knowledge of these languages is their etymologic relation to the English. A careful investigation leads to the estimate, that * The whole number of Root Words is said to be less than five hundred, and philologists confidently expect, by continued research, to reduce the number to three hundred. 8 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. not less than twenty-five thousand words are formed by the use of ten prefixes, the same number of suffixes form or modify not less than sixteen thousand important words. By the small amount of study necessary to acquire the meanings of, these thirty ele- ments, we obtain a clew to the signification of each of the large number of words of which they are component parts ; for there is no word whose meaning is not better understood by know- ing the elements which compose it ; while in a large number of derivatives, the etymologic is the only true meaning. The analy- sis of words reveals fine distinctions and subtle differences, never perceived by one ignorant of the roots from which they sprung. A homely, common flower, under the microscope of the botanist, discloses delicate tints and rare beauties never suspected by the careless observer ; so a word, when seen through the glass of the etymologist, reveals beautiful analogies and remarkable differ- ences; shows diverging and converging lines; calls up historic associations or national relations ; tells of conquest, or commerce, or religious zeal, nay, of ttimes discloses in bold relief the very date when the stock, from which has sprung this beautiful flower, took root and became indigenous to our soil. To the uneducated man, a large number of words have their synonyms. He is unable to detect any difference between the word and its meaning. Yet the number of words which appeal- exactly synonymous, might well be taken as a test of a man's knowledge of language. Generally, it will be in inverse ratio to the number of synonyms which exist in his mind. It is doubtful if, in the whole range of the English language, there are two words truly synonymous. Instruction, Education. Demolition, Destruction. Eradicate, Destroy. Raze, Pull down. Dilapidation, Kuin. ' Dilation, Expansion. The ideas conveyed by these words, and many others which iniirlit be cited, serve as a gauge, a sure test of the mental status. To the child, first introduced to one of these words as a definition of the other, tin-re is no difference between them they are synonymous. To the grown-up children, whose minds have remained stationary while their hodies have grown to the WORDS. normal size, these words present no differences. To instruct and to educate convey to such a mind but one idea. If asked whether he wishes his child instructed or educated, he would probably answer, "I do not care which, so that you make a man of him." He cannot conceive the idea, that merely to instruct a child will never make a man of him. The thing that is pulled down, is to him demolished, destroyed, razed, or ruined. All the words pre- sent precisely the same mental picture. Were you to tell him that the word "raze" depicted to your mind a razor and the act of shaving, he would have grave doubts of your sanity. You tell your gardener to eradicate the wild carrot that disfig- ures the lawn. He thinks he is obeying your command when he mows them down with his scythe. You have to explain to him the fact that he has only destroyed them ; that to eradicate a thing is to take out the root. (E, out ; radix, radicis, a root ; ate, to take.) CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. THE words of the English language form three classes: 1. Anglo-Saxon words. 2. Words derived from Latin and Greek. 3. A comparatively small number of words borrowed, often without change, from other nations. ANGLO-SAXON. THE first of these, the Anglo-Saxon, is the framework of our speech. It is what we lovingly call our u mother-tongue." Three- fifths of the words of our every-day life are Saxon. It comes to us laden with the richest and dearest gifts mother, father, hus- band, wife, brother, sister. It has inwoven itself into the warp and woof of our life. None but our dear mother-tongue, that we lisped in our childish days, tells us of the home, the hearth, the cradle, the thatch, and the roof- tree. Bread and broth, hay and harvest, wheat and oats, calf and cow and corn, the waving grass, the tall bending fir, the wide-spreading elm, the barley and the berry, the plow and the scythe, the open barn-door, with the chaff which the wind driveth away before the thresher's flail, all 10 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. take us back to the happy household and well-tilled farm of a good, kind,, well-to-do Anglo-Saxon before the Norman had stamped upon the Angle-Land his Norman-French. He needed not to go to the gay, sprightly Gaul, or the proud Roman of the olden time, to borrow the words in which to embody his choicest thoughts. The manliness of the son, the watchful care of the daughter, the cooing of the baby, the merry trill and laugh of little ones, who fill the house with joy, lose none of their loveli- ness by their home-made garb. It is this dear mother-tongue that heaves up a heaven over our heads, that folds the tiny hands, and teaches the childish lips to say " Our Father which art in heaven." So with all things around us in water and earth and sky. The day dawns with earliest blush of morn ; the full moon and pale stars fade away in the west ; the sun floods the round earth with his golden light; the dew sparkles in pearly drops on every leaf- let ; silvery clouds mingle with those of every hue, and sail on over stream and flood and sea ; winter's cold and frost flee away at the breath of spring; in the summer's glare, the reaper hies him, for his noontide meal, to the purling brook, and cools his brow and slakes his thirst in its clear waters ; thunders roll, light- nings flash, rain and storm, hail and ice and snow fill up the year, but none of these borrow aught of their worth from another tongue. Thus it will be seen that the Saxon is the outcome of our every- day life. Saxon words are short. They do not change. They are understood by all, because they are needed by all. Both the old and the young, the good and the bad, the high and the low, are, and do, and bear in Saxon. We eat and drink, talk and laugh, come and go, get and give, love and hate, kill and make alive, buy and sell, chafler and chew, blaze and blow, and ask help neither <{' Roman nor Greek, Frenchman nor Spaniard. We can send our ships over the sea, laden with the things that we have made, and then, weary with the long, busy day, at eventide we can sing our own songs, play our merriest games, read the best of books, and lie down to health-giving sleep, nor dream that there is lack or want in our dear old Saxon tongue.* * It would be well for Teachers to call the attention of pupils to the differ- ence in the style produced by the use of Anglo-Saxon words, or by Latin and Greek . For # Roby gives dot. u like oo in moon ; ti, short, like w injfyZZ. y intermediate between i and w. A short vowel rendered long by position, as, for instance, e in est and esse, is still pronounced short. Great care should be taken as to final short syllables ; e. g., esse, amatur, amatus. Distinguish fructus and fructus. DIPHTHONGS. IN all these each element is heard. Let the combination be rapid. x or ai, like ay (yes). In rapid utterance, it is nearly our per- sonal pronoun of the first person. I is a compound sound made up of ah and ee. au like ow in now. The analysis is ah-oo. The rapid combina- tion is ow in now. ei as in vein, slightly drawled, and not like the English i in time. eu as eh-oo, many give the sound of eu mfeud. 02 or oi like oi in oil. ui like French oui ; very nearly our pronoun we. CONSONANTS. d,f, h, &, I, n,p, t, as in English. l>8 like ps. Thus, urls, corps. c hard like 7c. g hard, as in give. s always hissing, as in this ; never like z. ti with the pure sound of t always preserved; thus, natio, nah- te-o, and not na-she-o or nah-she-o. v is English w. ps preserves the sound of both its elements, as in psallo. As bearing upon the present situation of the controversy re- specting Latin pronunciation, we give extracts from a paper read before the Massachusetts Association of Classical and High School Teachers, and printed in a recent number of the N. E. Journal of Education. The writer, E. R. Humphreys, LL.D., formerly of 2 14 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. Cambridge University, England, addressed letters of inquiry to various classical teachers, as to the methods of pronunciation used by them. U I may at once say that the new system of pronunciation of Latin does not prevail at all in Oxford, i. e., is in no way publicly recognized, nor is it used by many, if indeed by any, of the tutors." Rev. Mandell Oreighton, A. M., recently for several years Dean and Tutor of Merton College, Oxford; now Vicar of Embleton, England. "There is, I think, no great difference of opinion here in re- gard to the principles of Latin pronunciation ; even the w sound of v is secure from ridicule." Eev. John E. B. Mayor, M. A., Professor of Latin in the Uni- versity of Cambridge, England. REMARKS BY DR. HUMPHREYS. "I BELIEVE that in most points the theory of Latin pronuncia- tion associated with the name of Corssen in Germany, and Roby in England most emphatically excepting, however, the weak Semitic sound of v as w is correct. But even if I felt bound to assent to every one of the claims, made by these advocates of the so-called Roman pronunciation, I should still maintain that theory, based to some considerable extent on the law of probabilities, is one thing, and the altering by us of the mode of pronunciation of an ancient language, which enters so largely into the structure of our own English, a mode that has prevailed for so many centuries, is another and very different thing a thing demanding very careful consideration. It has seemed to me, I confess, all along, that in thus too hastily undertaking to do justice to ancient Latin, we run the risk of doing great injus- tice, great injury, to our own modern English-American language, into which the Latin has been constantly insinuating itself for the last three hundred years and more, ever in the garb of what is now termed the ' old-fashioned English ' pronunciation. "But in Great Britain, as appears from this correspondence, there is no probability of the adoption of the new system to any material extent for a very long period of time, if ever. And in regard to the other countries of Europe, except, perhaps, some LATIN PRONUNCIATION. 15 few of the German Universities, I do not hesitate a moment to say, that the Latin scholars of those countries would find it more difficult to understand an American or English Latinist speaking by this ' reformed ' rule than ever they found it to be, even when listening to the old-fashioned English pronunciation. Italian schol- ars, especially, would deem this new method no less harsh than unintelligible. " The most serious point, however, to my mind, is the confusion and injury which, as it seems to me, the sweeping change pro- posed is likely to produce in the pronunciation, and consequently in the intelligent study, of our own language, which surely deserves our first care and consideration. The study of the Etymology of English I have always found to he a powerful and attractive means of winning and leading on young minds and hearts, pre- viously averse to learning, to an earnest study, first of their own language, and then of others which enter into its formation, es- pecially the Latin. Hitherto, it has not been difficult to make clear to young and even dull children the close relationship of English and Latin; but if the hard pronunciation of c and 8. Over signifies too much, too great; overburden, to bur- den too much ; overload, too great a load. 9. Un signifies to reverse the act of, to deprive of; the re- verse of, not; unbolt, to reverse the act of bolting; uncrown, to deprive of the crown ; unclean, not clean ; unjust, the re- verse of just. 10. Under signifies beneath, less than another; under-sheriff, one beneath the sheriff; underbid, to bid less than another. 11. With signifies from, against; withdraw, to draw/rom; withstand, to stand against. II. PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN. 1. Ab, with the forms* a, abs, signifies from or away. AVERT', (verto, I turn,) to turn away. ABSOLVE', (solvo, I loose,) to loose from. * Teachers should give a great deal of practice in reciting the 1 Forms " of the Prefixes, thus : A, for Ab, signifies from or away. A, for Ad, signifies to. Cog, for Con, signifies with or together. 22 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 2. Ad, with the forms a, ac, af, ag, al, am, an, ap, ar, as, at, signifies to. ADHERE', (haereo, I stick,) to stick to. ACCEDE', (cedo, I yield,) to yield to. APPEAR', ( pareo, I am present,) to be present to. ATTEST', (testis, a witness,) to witness to. ATTRACT', (traho, tractum, to draw,) to draw to. 3. Am, with the forms amb, ambi, signifies round or about. AMPUTATE, (puto, I think ; I cut or prune,) to cut round or off. 4. Ante, with the forms an, ant, ante, signifies before. ANTECE'DENT, (cedo, I yield, I go away,) going before. 5. Circum, with the form circu, signifies around or about. CIRCUMVENT', (venio, ventum, to come,) to come around. CIRCU'ITOUS, (eo, itum, to go,) going around. CIRCUMNAVIGA'TION, (navis, a ship; ago, I do, I perform,) going around in a ship. 6. Cis signifies on this side. CIS-ATLAN'TIC, on this side the Atlantic. 7. Con, with the forms co, cog, col, com, cor, signifies with or together. COMPRESS', (premo, pressum, to press,) to press together. CONVOKE', (voco, I call,) to call together. COHERE', (hsereo, I stick,) to stick together. 8. Contra, with the forms counter, contro, signifies against; contrary to. COUNTERACT', (ago, actum, to do, to perform,) to act against. CONTRADICT', (dico, dictum, to say,) to speak contrary to. COUNTERMAND', (mando, mandatum, to command,) to command contrary to. PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN. 23 9. De signifies down QIC from. DECLINE', (clino, I bend, I lie down,) to bend down. DEPOSE', (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to put down or from. DESCEND', (scando, I climb,) to climb down. DESCRIBE', (scribo, I write,) to write down. 10. Demi signifies half. 11. Dis, with the forms di, dif, signifies asunder, apart, away; not. DIVERGE', (vergo, I bend,) to bend or incline apart. DISTRIB'UTE, (tribuo, tributum, to give,) to give away. DISPEL', (pello, I drive,) to drive away. Di' VERSE, (verto, versum, to turn,) turned asunder, vari- ous. 12. En signifies in, on, into; not; to make. ENGRAVE', to grave on. ENTOMB', to put in a tomb. EN'EMY, (amicus, a friend,) not a friend. 13. Ex, with the forms e, ec, ef, signifies out. EXCEED', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go beyond or out. EXPORT', (porto, I carry,) to carry out. EXPEL', (pello, I drive,) to drive out. EXPAND', (pando, I spread,) to spread out, to enlarge. EMIT', (mitto, I send,) to send out. ERASE', (rado, rasum, to shave, to scrape,) to scrape or rub out. 14. Extra signifies beyond. EXTRAORDINARY, beyond ordinary. 15. In, with the forms ig, il, im, ir, em, en, signifies in, on, into, not. INDUCE', (duco, I lead,) to lead in. INHALE', (halo, I breathe,) to breathe in. IMPORT', (porto, I carry,) to carry in. IMPLANT', (planto, I plant,) to plant in. INFUSE', (fundo, fusum, to pour,) to pour into. 24 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. IMPRESS', (premo, pressum, to press,) to press upon. ILLU'MINATE, (lumen, luminis, light,) to put light into. IMMATURE',* (maturus, ripe,) not ripe. 16. Inter, with the forms enter, Intel, signifies between, among. INTERCEDE', (cedo, I go,) to go between. INTERPOSE', (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to place between. INTERVENE', (venio, I come,) to come between. 17. Intra signifies within. INTRAMU'RAL, (murus, a wall,) within the walls (of a city). 18. Intro signifies within. INTRODUCE', (duco, I lead,) to lead within. 19. Juxta signifies near to. JUXTAPOSITION, (pono, positum, to put, to place,) the state of being placed near to (anything). 20. Mis signifies wrong, erroneous. MISCON'DUCT, (duco, ductum, to lead,) wrong conduct. 21. Neg for nee signifies not. NEGLECT', (lego lectum, to gather, to select, to read,) cul- pable omission. 22. Non signifies not. NON'SENSE, (sentio, sensum, to feel, to think,) not sense. 23. Ob, with the forms o, obs, oc, of, op, OS, signifies in the way, against, out. OBSTRUCT', (struo, structum, to build, to construct,) to place something in the way. OBTRUDE', (trudo, I thrust,) to thrust in the way. OPPOSE', (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to place against. 24. Per, with the forms pel, pil, pol, pur, signifies through t thoroughly. *The prefix in, with the forms ig, il, im, ir, in adjectives signifies not. PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN. 25 PERVADE', (vado, I go,) to go or spread through. PERFORM', (forma, form, beauty,) to form through. PURSUE', (sequor, secutus, to follow,) to follow (through). 25. Post signifies after. POSTSCRIPT, (scribo, scriptum, to write,) something writ- ten after (the signature). 26. Pre signifies before. PRECEDE', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go before. PREDICT', (dico, dictum, to say,) to say before. PRE'FIX, (figo, fixum, to fix,) a syllable placed before a root. 27. Preter signifies beyond, or more than. PRETERNAT'URAL, (nascor, natus, born,) beyond or more than what is natural. 28. Pro, with the forms por, pur, pru, signifies for, forth, forward; out. PROCEED', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go forward. PROCLAIM', (clamo, I cry out, I shout,) to cry out. PROLONG', (longus, long,) to lengthen out. PRO'NOUN, (nornen, a name,) a word that stands for a noun. PUR'POSE, (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to intend. 29. Re, with the form red, signifies back; again; anew. KECEDE', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go back. RECLAIM', (clamo, I cry out,) to call back. RECLINE', (clino, I bend,) to bend back. REFORM', (forma, form, beauty,) to form anew. REPEL', (pello, I drive,) to drive back. RESPOND', (spondeo, I promise,) to answer back. REVIVE', (vivo, I live,) to live again. REVOKE', (voco, I call,) to repeal, to call back. 30. Retro signifies backward. RET'ROGRADE, (gradior, I go step by step,) to go or move backward. 3 26 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 31. Se signifies aside, apart. SECEDE', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go apart (from a party or denomination). SECLUDE', (claudo, or cludo, I shut,) to shut apart. 32. Semi signifies half. SEM'I-CIRCLE, (circus, a circle,) half a circle. 33. Sine, with the forms sim, sin, signifies without. SI'NECURE, (cura, care,) without care (a situation or office without employment). SIM'PLE, (plico, I fold,) without fold ; artless. 34. Sub, with the forms sn, sue, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus, signifies under. SUBSCRIBE', (scribo, I write,) to write (one's name) under. SUBMIT', (mitto, I send,) to send under ; to yield. SUBVERT', (verto, I turn,) to turn under ; to overthrow. SUCCUMB', (cumbo, I lie down,) to lie down under, to sink under a difficulty. SUF'FIX, (figo, fixum, to fix, to fasten,) a syllable placed after a root. SURREPTI'TIOUS, (raptum, to snatch,) without proper au- thority. SUSPEND', (pendeo, I hang,) to hang (under). SUSPECT', (specio, spectum, to look, to see,) to mistrust ; to see under something. 35. Subter signifies under. SUB'TERFUGE, (fugio, I flee,) an evasion ; a fleeing under. 36. Super, with the form sur, signifies above, over, more than enough. SUPERNATURAL, (nascor, natus, born,) above the natu- ral. SUPERFLUOUS, (fluo, I flow,) flowing over; unnecessary. SUPERVISE', (video, visum, to see,) to over see. 37. Trans, with the forms tran, tra, tres, signifies over, through, beyond. TRANSACT', (ago, actum, to do, to perform,) to do. REVIEW OF PREFIXES. 27 TRANSFER', (fero, I bear, I carry,) to bear over to another. TRANSPORT', (porto, I carry,) to carry beyond (the sea). TRES'PASS, (passus, a pace, a step,) to step beyond. 38. Ultra signifies beyond. ULTRAMUNDANE, (mundus, the world,) beyond the world. REVIEW OF PREFIXES. [This exercise is intended to familiarize pupils with the prefixes, and at the same time to teach a few of the more important roots. It can be omitted in advanced classes.] There is a great objection to the common practice of invariably giving the definition of a verb in the infinitive mood. Comparatively speaking, this form of the verb is rarely used; and the attempt to force it into sentences, in which the idea would be much more easily expressed by a finite verb, tends to produce a stiff and awkward style. Teachers will find it an excellent exercise to require the meaning both in the infinitive and in the mood and tense used in tlie sentence. This will aid pupils in giving the exact meaning of the verbs that occur in their reading, and will correct the pernicious habit of defining every verb in the infinitive, no matter what its mood may be. 1. A.' go, I do, I perform. Ac'tum, to do, to perform. EXACT', a. accurate. TRANSACT', v. to perform. Be very exact when you are sent to transact any business. 2. Ar'ma, arms, weapons. DISARM', v. to take away the arms. When a rebel is taken prisoner, it is necessary to disarm him. 3. Bel'lum, war. REB'EL, n. one who revolts. When a rebel is taken prisoner, it is necessary to take away his gun, and other weapons. 4. Bi'ni, two by two. COMBINE', v. unite. A cipher has no value, except we combine it with a figure. 5. Ca'pio 9 I take. Cap'tum, to take. INTERCEPT', v. to seize by the way. EXCEPT', unless (4).* * A number after a word, refers to the paragraph in which the sen- tence containing the word is found; thus, Except, unless (4). The word " Except" will be found in the sentence under Root 4. 28 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. General Gage found it difficult to provide for the army, as the Americans endeavored to intercept his supplies. 6. Ce'do, I yield, I go. Ces'sum, to yield, to go. ACCEDE', v. to agree. CONCEDE', v. admit. EXCEED', v. go beyond. INTERCEDE', v. to request in behalf of another. PRECEDE', v. to go before. PROCEED', v. go forward. RECEDE', v. to go back. Columbus tried every means to induce Queen Isabella to accede to his request. " I do not concede the point, that you have the right to tax us," said John Adams. The cotton, wheat, wool, and oil that we export, exceed in value the silver that we produce. When a person is convicted of crime, his friends are sometimes willing to intercede for his pardon. The officer ordered the cavalry to precede the infantry. To divide by a fraction, invert the divisor and proceed as in multiplication. It is pleasant to stand on the shore and see the waves recede. 7. Cello, I bide. CONCEAL', v. to bide. Columbus was not able to conceal the fact that there was dan- ger in the voyage. 8. Cer'tO, I contend, I vie. CONCERT', v. to contrive together. Washington held a council of his officers, in 1781, to concert a plan to capture Yorktown. 9. Ci'to, I rouse, I call forth. EXCITE', v. stir up. Harsh words excite angry passions and often induce persons to quarrel. 10. Cla'mo, I cry out, I shout. Clama'tum, to cry out, to shout. PROCLAIM', v. publish by authority. RECLAIM', v. to reform. REVIEW OF PREFIXES. 29 The old bell in Independence Hall has engraved upon it, " Pro- claim liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof." Reformatory Homes are intended to reclaim and reform those who have bad habits. 11. Clau'do, I shut. Clau'sum, to shut. CONCLUDE', v. decide. PRECLUDE', v. prevent, shut out. When you perform examples in Arithmetic, do not conclude too hastily that the answers are correct, but carefully apply the rule. The Patent Laws preclude all persons, except the inventor, from taking out a patent. 12. Cli'no, I bend. DECLINE', v. refuse. EECLINE', v. to lie down. When a person is called as a witness in court, he cannot decline to testify. In ancient times it was customary to recline at meals. 13. Cum'bo, I lie down. SUCCUMB', v. to yield. The First Congress determined to adopt such resolutions as would show that they never intended to succumb. U. Cur'ro, I run. Cur' sum, to run. CONCUR', v. agree. OCCUR', v. happen. When Columbus explained his plans, the learned men of Spain and Portugal did not concur. " No matter what difficulties occur," said De Soto, " I intend to traverse the distance between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi." 15. Di'co, I say. Dic'tum, to say. PREDICT', v. foretell. Many writers predict a time of peace on earth called the Mil- lennium. 16. Do'leo, I grieve. CONDOLE', v. to sympathize with another in his grief. As far as circumstances permit, we ought to condole with those in affliction. 30 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 17. Du'co, I lead. Duc'tum, to lead. ADDUCE', v. bring forward. CONDUCE', v. tend. DEDUCE', v. to infer. PKODUCE', v. manufacture or grow. KEDUCE', v. to make less. INDUCE',.^, persuade (9). What fact can you adduce in proof that the earth is round ? Pure air, exercise, and cleanliness conduce to keep the body healthy. James Watt was able to deduce the principle of the steam-engine from the lifting of the kettle-lid by steam. Every year we produce so many new articles, that we are able to reduce our imports. 18. Fa'cies, a face. DEFACE', v. to disfigure. EFFACE', v. to expunge. It is easy to deface furniture by writing upon it ; but it is not so easy to efface what you have written. 19. FaJma, fame. DEFAME', v. to slander. Washington had many enemies, who tried in every way to de- fame his character. 20. Ferido, I strike. Ferisum, to strike. DEFEND', v. protect. OFFEND', v. to annoy. Nearly all animals will defend their young against those that assail them. Those who wish to live peaceably with their neighbors are careful not to offend them. 21. Fe'ro, I bear, I carry. La'tUWl, to bear, to carry. CONFER', v. to consult. DEFER', v. put off. OF'FER, n. proposal. TRANSFER*', v. to convey to another. Penn was always ready to confer with the Indians and explain anything that seemed wrong. Do not defer till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day. England and America did not accept the offer of Russia to me^ diate in 1812. REVIEW OF PREFIXES. 31 " If you wish to transfer me to another department, I will not oppose it," said the General. 22. Fi'do, I trust. CONFIDE', v. to impart. A good child loves to confide his secrets to his mother. 23. Fi'go, I fix, I fasten. Fix'um, to fix, to fasten. PRE'FIX, n. a syllable placed before the root. SUF'FIX, n. a syllable placed after the root. The prefix, root, and sujfioc assist us very much in finding the meaning of a word. 24. Fir'mus, strong. AFFIRM', v. to assert (without taking an oath). CONFIRM', v. establish. INFIRM', a. feeble. A witness in Court is allowed to affirm if he prefers. Historians do not confirm the story of George Washington and the hatchet. John Adams, though very infirm, lived to see the fiftieth anni- versary of American Independence. 25. Flam'ma, a flame. INFLAME', v. irritate. Angry words inflame the passions, but a soft answer turns away wrath. 26. Flec'to, I bend. Flex'um, to bend. REFLECT', v. to bend back. To reflect the light of the sun, the moon must be opaque. 27. Fli'go, I beat, I dash. Flic'tum, to beat, to dash. AFFLICT', v. to distress. Nothing in the Revolution seemed to afflict the patriots so much as the treason of Arnold. 28. Flu'o, I flow. Flux'um, to flow. IN'FLUX, n. a flowing in. There was a great influx of visitors in Philadelphia to attend the " Centennial International Exhibition." 29. For'ma 9 form, beauty. DEFORM', v. injure the shape of. TRANSFORM', v. to change. 32 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. PERFORM', v. do (11). REFORM', v. to reclaim (10). Stand erect, frequently expand the chest, and do not deform the body by stooping. Fairy stories pretend that a fairy has power to transform a pumpkin into a fine coach. 30. Frons (froritis), the forehead. CONFRONT', v. to meet face to face. General Taylor determined not to prolong the Mexican War, but to confront Santa Anna at Buena Vista. 31. Furido, I pour. Fu'sum, to pour. INFUSE', v. to instil. Washington tried to infuse fresh spirit and energy into his soldiers. 32. Gra'dior, I go step by step. Gres'sus, going step by step. DEGRADE', v. to debase. The use of vulgar language is sure to degrade the character. 33. Hce'reo, I stick. JTce'sum, to stick. ADHERE', v. to stick to. COHERE', v. stick together. Glue causes smooth surfaces to adhere more easily than rough ones. In solid bodies, such as wood, iron, etc., the particles firmly co- here. 34. Ha'lo, I breathe. INHALE', v. breathe in. We exhale and inhale many times in a minute. 35. Hu'mus, the ground. EXHUME', v. to disinter. Charles the Second gave orders to exhume the body of Oliver Cromwell, who had been dead more than two years. 36. Jurigo, I join. Junc'tum, to join. AD'JUNCTS, n. words joined. The relative, with its adjuncts, should be placed near its ante- cedent. 37. Jus (ju'ris), justice, law. Jus'tus, just. ADJUST', v. set right. Each one must adjust the microscope to suit his own eye. REVIEW OF PREFIXES. 33 38. Lorigus, long. PROLONG', v. to lengthen out (30). 39. Man' do, I command. Manda'tum, to command. COMMAND', n. injunction. REMAND', v. to send back. If pupils desire to acquire a good education, they should cheerfully obey every command of the teacher. When William Penn was ordered to appear in court, he hoped to be set at liberty, but the Judge determined to remand him to prison. 40. Matu'rus, ripe. IMMATURE', a. unripe. PREMATURE', a. too hasty. Fruit is not wholesome when it is immature or unripe. When the rocks at Hurl Gate were to be blown up, great care was taken to prevent a premature explosion. 41. Mer'go, I dip. Mer'sum, to dip. EMERGE', v. to rise out. IMMERSE', v. to dip. Have you ever seen a diver emerge from the water ? In bathing, it is necessary to immerse the whole body in water, especially the head. 42. MittO, I send. Mis' sum, to send. EMIT', v. send out. SUBMIT', v. to yield. TRANSMIT', v. to deliver. PERMIT', v. allow (16). Volcanoes are burning mountains which emit lava, ashes, stones, etc. If a student refuses to submit to the rules of the college, it is the duty of the president to expel him. The Constitution of the United States was formed to transmit the blessings of liberty to posterity, and to promote the general welfare. 43. Mo'veo, I move. Mo'tum, to move. PROMOTE', v. to advance (42). 44. Ned to, I tie, or bind. Neotfum, to tie, or bind. CONNECT', v. to unite. A tunnel, under the Straits of Dover, is proposed to connect England and France. C 34 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 45. Op'to, I wish. Opta'tum, to wish. ADOPT', v. to take to one's self. It was not unusual for an Indian chief to adopt a captive. 46. O'ro, I pray, I ask. Ora'tum, to pray, to ask. ADORE', v. worship. The heathen adore the thing that they themselves have made. 47. Pan' do, I lay open, I spread. Pan' sum, to lay open, to spread. EXPAND', v. enlarge (29). 48. Par, equal, like. COMPARE', v. examine with reference to likeness. When we compare England and the United States, we find that England is a little larger than New York. 49. Pel'lo, I drive. Pul'sum, to drive. IMPEL', v. to drive forward. KEPEL', v. to drive back. EXPEL', v. to drive out (42). We consume coal to impel cars, compress cotton, and transport goods to foreign countries. In 1637, Massachusetts assisted Connecticut to repel the Pequods, who had attacked them. 50. Pen'deo, I hang. Pen' sum, to hang. SUSPEND', v. to hang. Formerly, it was the custom to suspend lamps by chains across the streets. 51. Plarita, a plant. IMPLANT/, v. to infuse. SUPPLANT', v. to displace. TRANSPLANT', v. to plant in another place. When William Penn came to America, he told his wife to im- plant in the rninds of their children the importance of truthfulness. General Gates tried to supplant General Washington as Com- mander-in-chief. Several authors describe a method by which it is possible ' to transplant large trees. 52. Pla'nus, plain. EXPLAIN', v. to make clear (21). REVIEW OF PREFIXES. 35 53. Pli'co, I fold. Plica'tum, to fold. APPLY', v. fix closely (11). 54. Plo'ro, I cry, I bewail. Plora'tum, to cry, to bewail. DEPLORE', v. regret. War is so horrible that all good men deplore the necessity for it. 55. Po'no, I put or place. Pos'itum, to put or place. DEPOSE', v. to put from (the throne). INTERPOSE', v. interfere. TRANSPOSE', v. to change the place of. OPPOSE', v. resist (21). Charles the First hoped, that if Parliament determined to depose him, the King of France would interpose and save him. We are very apt to transpose the e and the i in such words as believe, siege, and liege. 56. Por'tO, I carry. IMPORT', v. to bring into a country. EXPORT', v. to send out of a country. TRANSPORT', v. to carry (49). The United States used to import many articles which they now export. 57. Pre'mo, I press. Pres'sum, to press. COMPRESS', v. to make smaller by pressure (49). 58. Quce'ro, I seek, I ask. Qucesi'tum, to seek, to ask. ACQUIRE', v. to obtain (39). 59. Ita'do, I shave. Ha'sum, to shave. ERASE', v. to rub out. To erase pencil-marks use India-rubber ; acid will erase some kinds of ink. 60. Hi'vus, a stream, a river. ARRIVE', v. come to. DERIVE', v. deduce. The Puritans did not arrive at Plymouth until December 21, 1620. We derive a great many common words from the root, ago, I do, I perform. 36 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 61. Hup'twm, to break. ABRUPT', a. unconnected. George the Third, King of England, showed that he was insane by his abrupt answers. 62. Sa'lio, I leap, I spring. Saltum, to leap, to spring. ASSAIL', v. attack (20). 63. Sd'nus, sound, healthy. INSANE', a. deranged (61). 64. Scarido, I climb. Scarisum, to climb. DESCEND', v. to go down. Travellers find it as difficult to descend, as it is to ascend, the Alps. 65. Scri'bo, I write. Scrip'tum, to write. PRESCRIBE', v. give a rule of conduct. SUBSCRIBE', v. to write one's name. DESCRIBE', v. give an account of (51). Both Houses of Congress prescribe the rules for the expulsion of a member. To write one's name at the close of an article is to subscribe it. 66. Se'co, I cut. Sec'tum, to cut. INTERSECT', v. cross each other. In the upper part of New York, the streets intersect each other at right angles. 67. Sis'to or Sto, I stand, I set up. EESIST', v. to withstand. ASSIST', v. help (23). Steel has power to resist a greater strain than iron. 68. Sol'vo, I loose. Solu'tum, to loose. ABSOLVE', v. to loose from. The effect of the Bankrupt Law, repealed in 1878, was to absolve the debtor from obligation to pay. 69. Spi'ro, I breathe. SpircCtum, to breathe. CONSPIRE', v. plot. INSPIRE', v. to infuse into the mind. TRANSPIRE', v. to become known. Columbus tried to inspire his men with hope, for he feared they would conspire to throw him overboard. REVIEW OF PREFIXES. 37 So many were in the Gunpowder Plot, that it was almost certain to transpire before the day fixed. 70. Sporideo, I promise. Sporisum, to promise. KESPOND', v. to answer. Arnold did not like to advert to his treason, and generally refused to respond if questioned on the subject. 71. Stru'o, I build, I construct. Struc'tum, to build, to construct. OBSTRUCT', v. to block up. No one is allowed to obstruct public roads, or the streets of a city. 72. Srimo, I take. Sump'tum, to take. CONSUME', v. use ; burn (49). 73. Terido, I stretch. Terisum, to stretch. ATTEND', v. to be present at (28). 74. Tes'tis, a witness. ATTEST', v. to certify to. In making a will, it is necessary to procure witnesses to attest the signature. 75. Tol'lo, I lift up. EXTOL', v. praise highly. Not only Americans, but foreigners extol the characters of Wash- ington, Adams, Jay, and others, who formed the government in 1789. 76. Tra'ho, I draw. Trac'tum, to draw. ATTRACT', v. draw. All the planets, as they revolve in their orbits, attract the sun. 77. TriUuo, I give. Tribu'tum, to give. CONTRIB'UTE, v. to give in common with others. DISTRIB'UTE, v. to dispense. When there is great suffering, every one is glad to contribute something. During the prevalence of the fever, it was necessary to distribute food and clothing to the sufferers. 78. Tru'do, I thrust. Tru'sum, to thrust. OBTRUDE', v. thrust in. Cuckoos will obtrude themselves wherever they can find a nest. 4 38 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 79. Va!do, I go. Va!sum, to go. EVADE', v. to elude. INVADE', v. to enter as an enemy. PERVADE', v. to spread through. Prince Charles, in order to evade his pursuers, hid himself in a large oak-tree. Montgomery and Arnold determined to invade Canada in the winter of 1775. The odor of some substances, such as musk, etc., will continue to pervade the air of a room for years. 80. Ve'nio, I come. Veritum, to come. CONVENE', v. to assemble. INTERVENE', v. come between. PREVENT', v. to hinder (40). President Van Buren, hoping to avert some evils, determined to convene Congress. More than three months intervene between the election and the inauguration of a President of the United States. 81. Fer'gro, I bend. DIVERGE', v. tend away from each other. Lines, which diverge in one direction, converge in the opposite direction. 82. Ver'to, I turn. Ver'sum, to turn. 1 CONVERT', v. to change from one state to another. DI'VERSE, a. various. PERVERT', v. to turn in the wrong direction. SUBVERT', v. to destroy. ADVERT', v. to turn the attention to (70). AVERT,' v. to turn away (80). TRAV'ERSE, v. to pass over (14). Many and diverse operations are needed to convert a piece of iron into a needle. On the trial of Aaron Burr for treason, it was evident that the witnesses did not pervert his words. Every one who breaks a law helps to subvert the government. 83. Vi'deo, I see. Vi'sum, to see. PROVIDE', v. to procure supplies (5). S UF FIXES. 39 84. Vi'vo, I live. Vic'tum, to live. KEVIVE', v. come to life again. Animals that lie dormant all winter revive in the spring. 85. Vo'co, I call. Voca'tum, to call. CONVOKE', v. to assemble. KEVOKE', v. to repeal. If the state of the country demands it, Queen Victoria has power to convoke Parliament. The President of the United States has no power to revoke a law, even though it is a bad one. 86. Vol'vo, I roll. Volu'tum, to roll. KEVOLVE', v. roll around (76). ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES. 1. ANNOUNCED to give notice of. An for ad, to ; nuncio, I announce. Washington sent a special messenger to Congress, to announce the sur- render of Cornwallis in 1781. 2. APPEAB', to be present. Ap for ad, to ; pareo, I am present. When William Penn was ordered to appear in court, he hoped to be set at liberty. III. SUFFIXES. ANGLO-SAXON AND LATIN. 1. Able, Ble, Ible, that may be or that can be; worthy of; fit to be. AR'ABLE, (aro, I plough,) that can be ploughed or tilled. AU'DIBLE, (audio, I hear,) that can be heard. CU'RABLE, (cura, care,) that may be cured. ED'IBLE, (edo, I eat,) fit to be eaten. A'MIABLE, (amo, I love,) worthy of being loved. LEG'IBLE, (lego, I gather, I select, I read,) that may be read. FLEXIBLE, (flecto, flexum, to bend,) that can be bent. VIS'IBLE, (video, visum, to see,) that can be seen. 2. A_ceous 9 of; consisting of; like or resembling; y. FOLIA'CEOUS, (folium, .a leaf,) consisting of leaves. 40 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 3. AciOHS, much; very; strongly; disposed to. TENA'CIOUS, (teneo, I hold, I keep,) holding strongly. VERA'CIOUS, (verus, true,) disposed to telling the truth. CONTUMA'CIOUS, (tumeo, I swell,) swelling greatly with pride. PUGNA'CIOUS, (pugna, a battle,) disposed to fight. 4. A.cy, state of being; quality of being; office of. AC'CURACY, (cura, care,) the state of being careful. MAGISTRACY, (magister, magistri, a magistrate,) the office of a magistrate. CONFEDERACY, (fcedus, foederis, a league, a covenant,) the state of being leagued together. AD'EQ,UACY, (sequus, equal,) the quality of being equal to. 5* Age 9 act of; a collection of; condition of; state of being; an allowance for. FO'LIAGE, (folium, a leaf,) a collection of leaves. PEER'AGE, (par, equal, like,) the condition of a peer. POR'TERAGE, (porto, I carry,) an allowance for carrying. 6. A.I, act of; of; pertaining to; befitting; done by. FRATER'NAL, (frater, a brother,) of a brother ; pertaining to a brother. FIL'IAL, (filius, a son ; filia, a daughter,) befitting a son or daughter. MATER' NAL, (mater, a mother,) pertaining to a mother. RE' GAL, (rego, I direct, I rule,) of & king ; kingly. MAN' UAL, (manus, the hand,) done by the hand. RU'RAL, (rus, ruris, the country,) pertaining to the country. SO'CIAL, (socius, a companion,) pertaining to a companion. MEN'TAL, (mens, mentis, the mind,) of the mind. 7. A.n, A.lflC 9 Han, Ian, one who or the person that; per- taining to. AR'TISAN, (ars, artis, art,-) one who practises an art. VET'ERAN, (vetus, veteris, old,) one who is an old soldier. PAR'TISAN, (pars, partis, a part,) pertaining to a party. HU'MAN, (homo, hominis, a man,) pertaining to man. HUMANE', (homo, a man,) pertaining to man; benevolent. 8 UFFIXES. 41 MUN'DANE, (mundus, the earth, the world,) pertaining to the earth. MERID'IAN, (medius, the middle ; dies, a day,) pertaining to the middle of the day. AGRA'RIAN, (ager, agri, a field,) pertaining to fields or land. EURQPE'AN, one who lives in Europe ; a native of Europe. 8. Ance, Ancy, Ence, Ency, act of; state of being; quality of being ; ing. ACCEPT' ANCE, (capio, captum, to take,) the act of taking. AU'DIENCE, (audio, I hear,) a hearm^; an assembly of hearers. CLEM'ENCY, (clemens, dementis, mild, merciful,) the quality of being merciful. CRE'DENCE, (credo, I believe,) the act of believing. CUR'RENCY, (curro, I run,) the state of being current. FLU'ENCY, (flue, I flow,) the quality of flowing. CONFLUENCE, (fluo, I flow,) the Rowing together. CON'STANCY, (sisto or sto, I stand,) the state or quality of being constant. 9. Alflt, Ent 9 one who, or the person that; being; ing. DEFEND' ANT, (fendo, I keep off,) one who defends. A'GENT, (ago, I do, I perform,) one who does. KE'GENT, (rego, I direct, I rule,) one who rules (in place of the sovereign). AR'DENT, (ardeo, I burn,) burnm^. DOR'MANT, (dormio, I sleep,) sleepm^. 1 10. AT, one who, or the person that ; like ; of; belonging or pertaining to; having. LI'AR, one who lies. BEG' GAR, one who begs. AN'GULAR, (angulus, a corner,) having corners. CIR'CULAR, (circulus, a little circle,) like a circle ; pertain- ing to a circle. LU'NAR, (luna, the moon,) of the moon ; pertaining to the moon. IN'SULAR, (insula, an island,) belonging to an island. 4* 42 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 11. Ard, one who, or the person that. DRUNK' ARD, one who gets drunk. LAG'GARD, one who lags or is late. SLUG'GARD, one who is sluggish. 12. ATy 9 one who, or the person that; the place where; the thing that; of; pertaining to. AR'BITRARY, (arbiter, arbitri, a judge, an umpire,) pertain- ing to a judge; not governed by fixed rule. AUXII/IARY, (auxilium, help, aid,) pertaining to a helper ; helping. DI'ARY, (dies, a day,) the thing that keeps an account of each day; a journal. GRAN'ARY, (granum, a grain of corn,) the place where grain is kept. LU'MINARY, (lumen, luminis, light,) the thing that gives light. HON'ORARY, (honor, honor,) pertaining to honor, conferring honor only. LI'BRARY, (liber, libri, a book,) the place where books are kept. MIL'ITARY, (miles, militis, a soldier,) pertaining to soldiers, or war. 13. Ate, one who, or the person that; having; being; to make, to give, to put, or to take. CU'RATE, (cura, care,) one who has the care of a parish. MAGISTRATE, (magister, a master,) one who acts as a master. AN'IMATE, (anima, the life, the vital air,) to put life into ; to stimulate ; to enliven. DEC'ORATE, (decor, grace,) to give grace or beauty ; to adorn. LIB'ERATE, (liber, free,) to make free. AD'EQUATE, (aequus, equal,) being equal to. 14. Ble, Able, Ible. See Able. 15. Cle, Cule, Vie, little, small. ANIMAL'CULE, (anima, the life, the vital air,) a very small animal. SUFFIXES. 43 CAN'TICLE, (canto, I sing,) a short song. COR'PUSCLE, (corpus, a body,) a minute body. 16. Dom, the place in which dominion is exercised ; state of being ; rank. DUKE'DOM, (duco, I lead,) the place in which a duke exer- cises dominion; the rank of a duke. PRINCE'DOM, (primus, first ; capio, I take,) the place where a prince exercises dominion. 17. Ean. See An. 18. Ee 9 one who ; one to whom. ABSENTEE', (ens, entis, being,) one who is absent. ASSIGNEE', (signum, a sign, a seal,) one to whom an assign- ment is made. KEFUGEE', (fugio, I flee,) one who flees. 19. Eer, Ier 9 one who, or the person that. MOUNTAINEER', (mons, montis, a high hill,) one who lives on a mountain. AUCTIONEER', (augeo, I increase ; auctum, to increase), one who sells by auction. 20. En, made of; to make. WOOD'EN, made of wood. SHORT'EN, to make short. 21. Ence, Ency. See Ance. 22. lint. See Ant. 23. Er 9 one who, or the person that ; thing which ; more. TEACH'ER, one who teaches. ARCH'ER, (arcus, a bow,) one who shoots with bow and arrow. FEND'ER, (fendo, I strike,) that which strikes off or defends from. INQUI'RER, (quaero, I seek, I ask,) one who seeks or asks information. ARTIFICER, (ars, artis, art, skill ; facio, I do, I make,) one who is skilled in work ; a workman. 44 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 24. Erly, Em, in the direction of. NORTHERLY, NORTH'ERN, in the direction of the north. 25. Ery, Hy 9 state or quality of being ; the practice of; the place where; things of a certain kind taken collectively. BRAV'ERY, quality of being brave. SLAV'ERY, the state of being a slave. PERFUM'ERY, (fumus, smoke), articles manufactured by per- fumers taken collectively; the practice of & perfumer. FER'RY, (fero, I carry,) the place where persons are carried over. DISTILL'ERY, (stilla, a drop,) the place where distilling is carried on. 26. lEscence, state of growing or becoming. QUIES'CENCE, (quies, rest,) state of growing quiet. ADOLES'CENCE, (oleo, I grow,) the state of growing. CONVALESCENCE, (valeo, I am strong,) state of becoming well or strong. PUTRESCENCE, (putris, rotten,) state of becoming rotten. 27. JSscent, growing or becoming. INCANDESCENT, (candeo, I glow with heat,) becoming white with heat. PUTRES'CENT, (putris, rotten,) becoming putrid. CONVALESCENT, (valeo, I am strong,) growing strong. 28. Esque, like. PICTURESQUE', (pingo, I paint ; pictum, to paint,) like a picture. 29. Et, Let, little, small. CLOS'ET, (claudo, I shut ; clausum, to shut,) a small private room. BIV'ULET, (rivus, a stream,) a small stream. CYG'NET, (cygnus, a swan,) a young swan. 30. Ety. See Ity. 31. Ful, full of. CARE'FUL, (cura, care,) full of care. 8 UFFIXES. 45 32. Fy, to make. FOR'TIFY, (fortis, brave, strong,) to make strong. DIG'NIFY, (dignus, worthy,) to make worthy ; to advance to honor. MAG'NIFY, (magnus, great,) to make great. NUL'LIFY, (nullus, nothing,) to make to nothing. CER'TIFY, (certus, certain,) to make certain. KEC'TIFY, (rectus, right,) to make right. 33. Hood, Head, state of being; nature or distinguishing attributes of. CHILD'HOOD, state of being a child. GOD'HEAD, the nature or distinguishing attributes o/*the Deity. 34. Ian. See An. 35. Ic, leal, pertaining to; like; made of . AQUAT'IC, (aqua, water,) pertaining to the water ; living in the water. LU'NATIC, (luna, the moon,) pertaining to the moon ; a maniac. MED'ICAL, (medeor, I heal,) pertaining to medicine. NAU'TICAL, (nauta, a sailor,) pertaining to sailing or navi- gation. 36. Ice, the thing that; the quality of being. MAI/ICE, (malus, evil, bad,) the quality of being evil or malicious. JUS'TICE, (Justus, just,) the thing that is right. NO'TICE, (nota, a mark,) the thing that marks or makes known. 37. ICS 9 Ic, the doctrine; science; art of. Mu'sic, (musa, a muse,) the art of singing or playing on a musical instrument. 38. Id> 9 being ; ing ; the thing that. AC'RID, (acris, sharp,) being sharp. FLU'ID, (fluo, I flow,) the thing that flows. TIM'ID, (timeo, I fear,) fearm^. FER'VID, (ferveo, I boil, I am hot,) being hot. 46 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 39. ler. See Her. 40. Ilc 9 pertaining to ; like ; that may or can be easily. HOS'TILE, (hostis, a foe,) pertaining to an enemy. JU'VENILE, (juvenis, young,) pertaining to youth. DUC'TILE, (duco, I lead ; ductum, to lead,) that can be easily drawn out (as wire). FEB'RILE, (febris, a fever,) pertaining to a fever. DOC'ILE, (doceo, I teach,) that can be easily taught. 41. Ine, of; pertaining to; like. MARINE', (mare, the sea,) of the sea ; pertaining to the sea. CANINE', (canis, a dog,) like dogs ; pertaining to dogs. SALINE', (sal, salt,) of salt ; pertaining to salt. 42. Ioifl 9 the act of; being or state of being ; ing ; that which. CES'SION, (cedo, I yield, I go ; cessum, to yield, to go,) the act of yielding ; yieldm^. DONA'TION, (do, I give ; donum, a gift,) that which is given. FU'SION, (fundo, I melt, I pour ; fusum, to melt, to pour,) the state of being melted. SES'SION, (sedeo, I sit ; sessum, to sit,) a sittm^ (as of Con- gress). 43. Ise, I&e, to make ; to give ; to act like. ADVERTISE', (verto, I turn,) to make one turn attention to a thing. AU'THORIZE, (augeo, I increase,) to give authority to. LE'GALIZE, (lex, legis, law,) to make lawful. FER'TILIZE, (fero, I bear, I carry,) to make to bear ; to make fertile. 44. Ish, somewhat; belonging to; like; to make. BLACK'ISH, somewhat black. SPAN'ISH, belonging to Spain. BOY'ISH, like a boy. PUB'LISH, (publico, I publish,) to make public. FIN'ISH, (finis, the end,) to make an end of. ESTAB'LISH, (sto, I stand, I set up ; statum, to stand, to set up,) to make to stand ; to make firm or stable. SUFFIXES. 47 45. Ism, state or quality of being ; idiom; doctrine or doc- trines of; ing. BAR'BARISM, (barbarus, rude, savage,) state of being savage. AN'GLICISM, (Anglia, England,) an English idiom. FANAT'ICISM, (fanum, a temple,) the state of being a fanatic. CAL'VINISM, the doctrines of Calvin. 46. 1st, one who, or the person that. NOV'ELIST, (novus, new,) one who writes novels. FLO'RIST, (flos, floris, a flower,) one who cultivates flowers. AR'TIST, (ars, artis, art, skill,) one who practices an art. 47. Ite, a descendant of; a follower of; a sectarian or party leader. IS'RAELITE, a descendant of Israel. HUSS'ITE, a follower of John Huss. 48. Ity, Ety, Ty, state or quality of being ; ness. AM'ITY, (amo, I love,) state of being friends. ASPER'ITY, (asper, rough, harsh,) state of being harsh. BREV'ITY, (brevis, short,) quality of being short. CELER'ITY, (celer, swift,) swiftness. DEN'SITY, (densus, thick, close,) the state of being dense. LIB'ERTY, (liber, free,) state of being free. 49. Ive, one who, or the person that; that which; having power ; ing. FU'GITIVE, (fugio, I flee ; fugitum, to flee,) one who flees. MO'TIVE, (moveo, I move; motum, to move,) that which moves. RES'TIVE, (sisto or sto, I stand,) st&uding back ; refusing to go forward. PERSUA'SIVE, (suadeo, I persuade ; suasum, to persuade,) having power to persuade. FES'TIVE, (festum, a feast,) feastm^. 50. Ize. See Ise. 51. Kin, little. LAMB'KIN, a little lamb. 48 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 52. Lent, Olent, Ulent, full of. PES'TILENT, (pestis, the plague,) full of the infection of the plague ; pestilential. FRAUD'ULENT, (fraus, fraudis, deceit,) full of fraud. COK'PULENT, (corpus, a body ,) full of body or flesh ; having a large body. 53. Less, without. ART/LESS, (ars, artis, art,) without art. POW'ERLESS, (posse, to be able ; potui, I am able,) without power. 54. Let . See m. 55. I/ike, like or resembling. MAN'LIKE, like a man. 56. I/ing, little; young. DUCK'LING, a little or young duck. LORD'LING, a little lord. 57. I/y, like; in a manner. PRINCE'LY, (primus, first ; capio, I take,) like a prince. ABRUPT'LY, (ruptum, to break,) in an abrupt manner. 58. JMTent, (see Tire and Th) state of being; act of; the thing that; ing. AL'IMENT, (alo, I nourish ; alitum, to nourish,) that which nourishes. CONCEAL'MENT, (celo, I hide,) concealing. ACCOM'PLISHMENT, (pleo, I fill,) state of being accomplished. 59. Mony, state or quality of being ; thing that. AC'KIMONY, (acris, sharp,) quality of being sharp. TESTIMONY, (testis, a witness,) thing that is offered by a witness. 60. Ness, state or quality of being. ACUTE-'NESS, (acuo, I sharpen; acutum, to sharpen,) quality of being acute. KEMOTE'NESS, (moveo, I move ; motum, to move,) state of being remote. SUFFIXES. 49 61. Ock, little. HILL'OCK, a little hill. 62. Olent. See Lent. 63. OT, one who or the person that ; the act of; sensation ; that which causes ; ness. AU'DITOR, (audio, I hear ; auditum, to hear,) one who hears. FA'VOR, (faveo, I befriend,) the act of favoring. SPLEN'DOR, (splendeo, I shine,) brightness. 64. Ory 9 the place where ; the thing that; pertaining to; ing. AR'MORY, (arma, arms,) the place where arms are kept. DOR'MITORY, (dormio, I sleep ; dormitum, to sleep,) a place for sleeping. DEROG'ATORY, (rogo, I ask ; rogatum, to ask,) lessemn^ in value. PRED'ATORY, (praeda, prey, plunder,) pertaining to plunder ; plunderm^. 65. Ose,fullof. JOCOSE', (jocus, a joke,) full of jokes. VERBOSE', (verbum, a word,)/t^ of words. 66. OUS 9 full of; consisting ; ing. POP'ULOUS, (populus, the people,) full of people. FA'MOUS, (fama, fame, ) full of fame ; renowned. FERO'CIOUS, (ferox, ferocis, fierce, *) full (/fierceness. GRIEV'OUS, (gravis, heavy, grievous,)/^/ of grief ; causing grief. 67. My. See Ery. 68. Ship, the office; the state of. APPREN'TICE-SHIP, (prehendo, I seize,) the state of an ap- prentice. PART'NER-SHIP, (pars, partis, a part,) the state of a partner. 69. Some, full of; causing. WEA'RISOME, causing weariness. FROL'ICSOME, full of frolic. 6 D 50 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. VENT'URESOME, (venio, I come ; ventum, to come,) full of venture. 70. Ster, one who, or the person that. SONG'STER, one who sings. TEAM'STER, one who drives a team. 71. T 9 the thing done ; ing. DECEIT', (capio, I do, I perform,) deceiving. GIFT, the thing that is given. WEFT, the thing that is woven. 72. Th 9 (see Jtfent and T7re,) state of being ; act of; the thing that; ing. WEALTH, the thing that makes rich. GROWTH, growing. 73. Tucle, Tide, being or state of being ; ness. MUL'TITUDE, (multus, many,) being many ; a large number. QUI'ETUDE, (quies, quietis, quiet,) quietness. AL'TITUDE, (altus, high,) highness ; height. AP'TITUDE, (aptus, fit, meet,) being apt. SERVITUDE, (servio, I serve ; servitum, to serve,) state of being a servant. 74. Ty. See Ity. 75. Ude. BeeTude. 76. Ule. See Cle. 77. Ulent. See Lent. 78. Ure 9 (see Ment and Th 9 ) state of being; act of; the thing that; ing. CREAT'URE, (creo, I create ; creatum, to create,) the thing that is created. FRACT'URE, (frango, I break ; fractum, to break,) breakm^. KUPT'URE, (ruptum, to break,) the act of breaking. TEN'URE, (teneo, I hold,) a holdm^. TEXT'URE, (textum, to weave,) that which is woven. COMPOS'URE, (pono, I put, I place ; positum, to put, to place,) the state of being composed ; calmness. REVIEW OF SUFFIXES. 51 79. Ward, Wards, in the direction of. WEST'WARD, in the direction of the west ; towards the west. WIND' WARD, in the direction from which the wind blows. 80. Y, the state of being ; the quality of being ; the faculty ; full of; consisting of; covered with. IN'FAMY, (fama, fame,) state of being infamous. MIS'EKY, (miser, wretched,) state of being wretched. MEM'ORY, (memor, mindful,) i^Q faculty that is mindful. MOD'ESTY, (modestus, modest,) the quality of being modest. HEALTH' Y, full of health. FLOW'ERY, (flos, floris, a flower,) covered with flowers. CHALK'Y, consisting of chalk. REVIEW OF SUFFIXES. 1. Ag-O 9 I do, I perform. Ac't-um, to do, to perform. ACT'IVE, having power to act (56-4).* A' GENT, one who does the business of another (11-11). 2. Al-O, I feed, I nourish. Al'it-UWl, to feed, to nourish. AL'IMENT, nutriment (13-1). 3. Alt-us (al'ti), high. AL'TITUDE, height (15-1). 4. Am-o, I love. Ami!c-us 9 a friend. A'MIABLE, lovely (17-4). AM'ITY, friendship (17-1). 5. Am!pl-us, large. AM'PLIFY, to enlarge (18-2). 6. Arigul-US, an angle, a corner. 4 AN'GULAR, having corners (20-3). *The numbers in parentheses refer to Part II., Latin Roots. See the 4th sentence, under Root 56, Part II. By an unfortunate casualty in 1777, Arnold was unable to engage in any active pursuits. 52 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 7. An'iwia, the life ; the vital air. AN'IMATE, to stimulate (21-4). 8. Ap't-us, fit, meet. APT'ITUDE, fitness ; disposition (26-2). 9. A'qua, water. A'QUEOUS, watery (27-1). AQUAT'IC, living in the water (27-2). 10. Ar'Mter (ar'bitr-i), a judge or umpire. AK'BITKAKY, not governed by any fixed rule (28-2). 11. Ar'de-o, I burn. AR'DENT, passionate (31-1). 12. Ar'm-a, arms, weapons. AR'MORY, the place where arms are kept (35-3). 13. Ar-o, I plough. AR'ABLE, fit for tillage (36-1). 14. Ars (ar'tis), art, skill. AR'TISAN, an artificer (35-6). 15. As' per, rough, harsh. ASPER'ITY, harshness (39-1). 16. Au'di-o, I hear. Audi't-um, to hear. AU'DIBLE, that can be heard (42-2). AU'DIENCE, an assembly of hearers (38-1). AU'DITORY, an assembly of hearers (37-4). AU'DITOR, a hearer (91-2). 17. Auxil f i-um, help, aid. AUXILIARY, helping (43-5). 18. Bre'v-is, short. BREV'ITY, shortness, conciseness (54-1). 19. Ce'd-o, I yield, I go. Ces's-um, to yield, to go. CES'SION, a giving up (377-5). 20. Cel'ebr-is, renowned, famous. CEi/EBRATE,to honor by ceremonies of joy and respect (76-1;. REVIEW OF SUFFIXES. 63 21. Ce'ler, swift. CELER'ITY, swiftness (77-2). 22. Cer't-US 9 sure, certain. CER'TIFY, to make certain (87-1). 23. Cir'cul-US, a little circle. CIR'CULATE, to move in a circle (91-1). 24. Cla'm-O, I cry out, I shout. CLAIM' ANT, one who demands a right (93-1). 25. Cle'mens (demerit-is), mild, merciful. CLEM'ENCY, mercy (30-3). 26. Co'l-O, I cultivate. Cul't-um, to cultivate. CULTIVATE, to till (103-1). 27. Cor^p-us (cor'por-is), a body. COR'PULENT, having a large body (112-5). 28. Cre'd-o, I believe. CRE'DENCE, belief (114-1). CREDIBLE, worthy of belief (114-3). CRED'ULOUS, apt to believe (45-1). 29. Cre'-o, I create. Crea't-um, to create. CREA'TOR, God, the maker of all things (115-1). CREAT'URE, an animal (115-3). 30. Cul'p-a, a fault, blame. CUL'PABLE, blamable (122-2). 31. Cu'r-a, care. CU'RIOUS, rare, singular (124-2). CUR' ABLE, admitting of a remedy (124-4). CU'RATE, a clergyman hired to do the duties of another (57-3). 32. Cur'r-o, I run. CUR'RENCY, money (125-1). 33. Deb'e-o, I owe. Deb'it-um, to owe. DEBT'OR, the person who owes (131-1). 5* 54 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 34. De'cor, grace. DEC'ORATE, to adorn (133-3). 35. Deris-US, thick, close. DEN'SITY, compactness (135-1). 36. Dex'ter, pertaining to the right hand ; expert. DEXTER'ITY, expertness (138-1). 37. DV-es, a day. MERID'IAN, (medius, the middle,) noon (141-2). DI'ARY, a journal (139-1). 38. Dig'n-us, worthy. DIG'NIFY, to advance to honor (143-1). 39. Do'n-um, a gift. DO'NOR, giver (147-3). DONA'TION, gift (36-1). 40. Doc'-eo, I teach. DOC'UMENT, a paper containing evidence (11-5). 41. Dor'm-io, I sleep. Dormi't-um, to sleep. DOR'MANT, insensible (152-1). DOR'MITORY, a place where persons sleep (72-1). 42. E'd-o, I eat. ED'IBLE, eatable (161-1). 43. JE'qu-US, equal, just. EQ'UITY, n. justice (169-4). 44. Er'r-o, I wander. Erra't-um, to wander. ERRAT'IC, eccentric (170-1). 45. Fa'ci-O, I do or make. Fac't-um, to do or make. FAC'TORY, a place where things are manufactured (705-1). 46. Fa!m-a, fame, renown. FA'MOUS, renowned (182-1). 47. Fe'rox (fero'cis), fierce. FERO'CIOUS, savage (22-5). REVIEW OF SUFFIXES. 55 48. Fes't-um, a feast. FES'TIVE, joyful (199-3). 49. Fi'd-o, I trust. Fide'l-is, faithful. FIDEL'ITY, n. faithfulness (63-1). 50. Fil'i-us, a son. Fil'i-a, a daughter. FIL'IAL, befitting a son or a daughter (42-3). 51. Fledt-o 9 I bend. Flex' -urn, to bend. FLEXIBLE, that can be bent (210-2). 52. Flu'-o, I flow. Flux'-um, to flow. FLU'ENCY, easy flow of speech (214-1). 53. For't^is, brave, strong. FOR/TIFY, to strengthen with forts, etc. (218-1). FOR'TITUDE, courage (42-3). 54. Frarig-o, I break. Frac't-um, to break. FRACT'URE, a breaking (221-1). FRAG'MENT, a broken part (221-2). 55. Fra'ter, a brother. FRATER'NAL, brotherly (222-1). FRATER'NITY, brotherhood (222-2). 56. Fraus (frau'd-is), deceit. FRAUD'ULENT, deceitful, dishonest (122-2). 57. Fu'g-io, I flee. Fu'git-um, to flee. FU'GITIVE, one who flees (21-7). 58. Furid-o, I pour. Fu's-um 9 to pour. FU'SION, state of being melted (231-1). 59. Gla'di-us, a sword. GLAD'IATOE,, one who fought in the arena for the entertain- ment of .the Romans (242-1). 60. Grafn-um, a grain. GRAN'ARY, a storehouse for grain (249-2). 61. Gra't-llS, grateful, pleasing. GRAT'ITUDE, thankfulness (250-2). 56 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 62. Gra'v-is, heavy, grievous. GKIEV'OUS, mournful (251-1). 63. Ho'm-O, a man. HU'MAN, belonging to mankind (27-3). 64. Ho'nor, respect, honor. HON'OKARY, intended merely to convey honor (250-2). 65. Tdem, the same. IDEN'TICAL, the same (134-2). 66. Irisul-a, an island. IN'SULAR, belonging to an island (279-2). 67. La!t-us, broad. LATITUDE, distance from the equator either north or south (107-1). 68. Le'g-O, I gather, I select, I read. Lec't-um, to gather, to select, to read. LE'GIBLE, that can be read (302-1). 69. lA'ber, free. LIB'ERATE, to set free (15-2). LIB'ERTY, freedom (12-4). 70. Li'ber (UVr-i), a book. LI'BRARY, a collection of books ; the place where books are kept (147-3). 71. Li'g-o, I bind. Liga't-um, to bind. LIG'AMENT, a strong compact substance that binds one bone to another (310-2). 72. lAt'er-a, a letter. LIT'ERARY, relating to learning (11-2). 73. Lo'c-us, a place. LOCAL'ITY, place (56-3). 74. Lorig-us, long. LON'GITUDE, distance east or west from any established meridian (141-2). REVIEW OF SUFFIXES. 57 75. I/ufn-a, the moon. LU'NAR, pertaining to the moon (170-3). LU'NATIC, an insane person (326-1). 76. lai'men (lu'min-is), light. LU'MINARY, the sun ; a body that gives light (206-1). 77. Magis'ter (magis'tr-i), a master. MAGISTRATE, a civil officer (328-3). 78. Mag'n-us 9 great. Ma'jor, greater. MAG'NIFY, enlarge ; to make great (329-2). MAJOR'ITY, the greater number (97-3). 79. ])a'n-US, the hand. MAN'UAL, performed by the hand (157-1). 80. Ma'ter (matr-is), a mother. MATER'NAL, pertaining to a mother (696-1). 81. Matu'r-us, ripe. MATU'RITY, ripeness (119-1). 82. Med'e-or, I cure. MED'ICAL, relating to healing (177-3). 83. Me'mor, mindful. MEM'ORY, the faculty by which we remember (345-1). 84. Mi f l-es (miHt-is), a soldier. MILITARY, pertaining to soldiers (93-2). 85. Mi'nor, less. MINOR'ITY, the smaller number (357-2). 86. Mo'd-us, a measure. MODIFY, to change the form of (363-3). 87. Mul't-US, many. MULTITUDE, a great number (359-3). 88. Narit-a, a sailor. NAU'TICAL, pertaining to sailing (385-1). 89. Nos'c-o, I know. No't-um, to know. NO'TIFY, to make known (34-1). 58 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 90. Nul f l-us, no one. NUL'LIFY, to make void (399-1). 91. Nu'mer-U8, a number. NUMERICAL, pertaining to numbers (75-12). 92. Oc'ul-US, the eye. OC'ULAR, perceived by the eye (405-2). 93. O'pus (o'per-is), work. OP'ERATE, to act (411-2). 94. Or'n-o, I ornament. Orna't-um, to ornament. OR'NAMENT, adornment (89-1). 95. O'r-o, I pray, I ask. . Ora't-um, to pray to ask. OR'ATORY, eloquence (418-1). 96. Pars (pa^t-is), a part. PAR'TISAN, an adherent of a party (394-2). 97. Perid-o, I weigh, I pay out. Peris-urn, to weigh, to pay out. PEN'SION, stated allowance for past services (443-1). 98. Pop'ul-us, the people. POP'ULAR, suitable to people in general (54-2). POP'ULOUS, full of people (475-1). 99. Por't-O, I carry. POE/TABLE, easily carried (477-1). 100. Pro'b-O, I approve, I try. Proba't-um, to ap- prove, to try. PKOB'ITY, integrity (696-1). 101. Qui'es (quie't-is), rest. QUI'ETUDE, tranquillity (510-5). 102. Hdg-0, I direct, I rule. Redt-um, to direct, to rule. RE'GAL, kingly (510-2). RE' GENT, one who governs in place of the sovereign (326-1). REC'TIFY, to correct (522-5). REVIEW O.F SUFFIXES. 59 103. Hup't-um, to break. RUPT'URE, open hostility (218-1). 104. Kus (ru'r-is), the country. RU'RAL, belonging to the country (120-5). 105. Se f c-o, I cut. Sedt-um, to cut. SEC'TION, division (216-5). 106. Sed'-eo, I sit. Ses'sum, to sit. SES'SION, a sitting (14-2). 107. Se'men (sem'in-is), a seed. SEM'INARY, a school (558-2). 108. Ser'vi-o, I serve. Servi't-um, to serve. SERV'ANT, one who serves (68-2). SERVITUDE, slavery (70-2). 109. Sis't-O, or St-O, I stand, I set up. REST'IVE, obstinate in refusing to move forward (576-5). 110. So f d-US 9 a companion. SO'CIABLE, companionable (286-2). SO'CIAL, pertaining to society (139-2). 111. So'l-US, alone, only. SOLITARY, living alone (20-3). SOL'ITUDE, loneliness (222-2). 112. Sol'v-o, I loose. Solu r t-um 9 to loose. SOLU'TION, the state of being diffused through a fluid (584-1). 113. Teri-eo, I hold, I keep. Terit-um, to hold, to keep. TEN'EMENT, a habitation (522-7). TEN'URE, a holding (375-1). 114. Ter^r-eo, I fill with fear. TER'RIBLE, fearful (20-3). TER'RIFY, fill with fear (185-1). 115. TexSt-urn, to weave. TEXT'URE, the manner in which anything is woven (178-1). 116. Vd'g-US, wandering. VA'GRANT, wandering (94-3). 60 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 117. Ve'rax (vera!c-is) 9 veracious. Ve'r-us, true. VEKAC'ITY, truthfulness (422-2). VEK'IFY, to prove true (669-2). 118. Ve'tus (veter-is), old. VET'EKAN, an old soldier (550-1). 119. Vid'e-o, I see. Vi's-um, to see. VIS'IBLE, that can be seen (428-1). VIS'ION, sight (42-2). 120. Viric-O, I conquer. Vic't-um, to conquer. VIC'TOBY. success over an enemy (321-2). ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES. 1. MAJORITY, the greater number. Major, greater ; ity, state or qual- ity of being ; ness. The House of Representatives elects the President, if no candidate has a majority. 2. ELEVATE, to raise. E for ex, out ; levo, I raise ; ate, one who or the person that ; having ; being ; to make, to give, to put, or to take. The diffidence shown by Washington, when appointed Commander-in- chief, only served to elevate him in the estimation of the people. NOTE TO STUDENTS. When English words are derived from Latin verbs, they are generally derived from the present Indicative; as, agent, from ago, I do. I perform; or from the supine of the verb; as, actor, from actum, to do, to perform. When English words are derived from Latin nouns, they are generally derived from the Nominative case; as, iterate, from iter, a journey; or from the Genitive case ; as, itinerate, from itineris, (of a journey,) the Genitive of iter. The part of the Latin word not used in forming the English derivative is separated from the rest of the word by a hyphen; thus, the o in ag-o, us in ann-us, and is in brev-is, are not used in forming any English word. ABBREVIATIONS. n. stands for noun, v. " " verb, a. " " adjective, adv. " " adverb, part. " " participle. prep, stands for preposition. A. S. " " Anglo-Saxon. L. " " Latin. Gr. " " Greek. Fr. " " French. II. LATIN DERIVATIVES, A Sentence Showing the Correct Use of Each Word. 1. A!c-CO 9 to be sour or acid. Ace't-wm 9 vinegar. a. having a sour taste. 4. ACE'TOUS, 4. ACETOSE', 5. AC'ID, a. sour. 6. SUB -AC'ID, a. moderately sour. 1. ACID'ITY, n. sourness. 2. ACET'IC, a. sour (applied to certain acids). 3. ACETIFICA'TION, n. (facio,) the act of making vinegar. 1. The acidity of limes, lemons, and other acid fruits* is very re- freshing in warm climates. 2. Much vinegar is made from beer, but it lacks the agreeable flavor produced by the presence of acetic and other ethers. 3. The acetifl cation of many articles is promoted by the use of beech-shavings. 4. Shavings assist in clarifying liquor, in which state it rapidly be- comes acetous. 5. Acid substances are sometimes taken to prevent corpulency; if they effect the desired result, it is by weakening the digestion. 6. Sub-acid fruits are doubtless 'beneficial to health, especially if they are taken without the addition of much saccharine matter. 2. Acer'b-US, bitter, severe. 1. ACERB'ITY, n. bitterness, severity, j * Every italicized word is defined under its root. If the root is not known, con- sult the Key. 6 Gi 62 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. When General Lee was tried by court-martial, after the battle of Monmouth, in 1778, it was proved that Washington's reprimand was characterized neither by acerbity nor acrimony. 3. Add'ul-US, slightly sour. 1. ACID'ULATE, v. to flavor with acid. 1. In tropical countries the lower classes use vinegar to acidulate many articles of food and drink. 4. Ac'r-is, sharp, harsh. 1. AC'RID, a. sharp, harsh. AC'RIMONY, n. sharpness, harshness (2). 1. The acrid nature of pepper renders it very disagreeable in large quantities. 5. Acu-O, I sharpen. Acu't-um, to sharpen. 1. ACUTE', a. sharp. 2. ACU'MEN, n. intellectual sharpness. 1. James II. saw with acute pain the destruction of his troops at the Battle of the Boyne, 1690 ; historians report that he exclaimed, " 0, spare my English subjects." 2. John Adams, by his legal acumen, saved the life of Captain Preston, charged with homicide in the Boston Massacre, 1770. 6. Adula't-Mm, to fawn, to flatter. 1. ADULA'TION, n. servile flattery. 1. Adulation debases the character, both of those who offer it for their own sordid purposes, and of those who accept it as the deserved tribute to their worth. 7. Ag-er (a!gri) 9 a field, land. 1. AGRICULT'URE, n. (colo,) the cultivation of fields. 2. AGRA'RIAN, a. favoring an equal division of land or property. 3. AGRA'RIANISM, n. an equal 4. PIL'GRIM, n. one who slowly and heavily treads his way, especially one who pays his devotion to a holy place. 5. PEREGRINA'TIONS, n. wan- derings. division of land or property. 1. Agriculture was the principal occupation of the antediluvians. Is it incorrect to attribute their longevity to this cause ? 2. With the name of agrarian law used to be associated the idea of the abolition of property in land. 3. It was the German scholars, Heyne (hi / neh), Savigny (sa-ven-ye'), LATIN DERIVATIVES. 63 and especially Niebuhr (nee / boor), who first explained that Eoman agrarianism had reference only to public or State lands. 4. When books of travel were rare and newspapers a novelty, the pilgrim on his return was doubly welcome. 5. Travellers returning from their peregrinations, represent the scenery of the Yosemite (yo-sem'-i-te) Valley as very grand. 8. Ag'ger, a heap. 1. EXAGGERATED, to increase, to magnify unduly. 2. EXAGGERATION, n. the act of increasing or of magnify- ing unduly. 1. The tendency at the present time to exaggerate in conversation is shown in the frequent use of the superlative, where the positive would be preferable, and of an intensive adjective, such as " awful," for the adverb " very." 2. Constant exaggeration injures the moral character by habitu- ating the mind to untruthfulness ; it blunts the perceptive faculties by placing in the same category things radically different. 9. Agil-is (from Ago), swift, active. 1. AGIL'ITY, n. state of being active; activity. 1. Nature protects some animals by strength, some by agility 9 some by cupning, and others again by repulsiveness. 10. Agit-0, I drive, I move, I think of. 1. AG'ITATE, v. to put in mo- tion. 2. AGITA'TION, n. the state of being moved (with, irregular action). 3. COG'ITATE, v. to engage in continuous thought. 1. A -very light wind is sufficient to agitate the surface of the ocean, and cause sea-sickness. 2. Andres letter to Washington, beseeching that his sentence might be commuted to " a soldier's death," shows intense agitation. 3. Columbus, Galileo (gal-e-lee / -o), and all great discoverers of truth, possessed the power to cogitate deeply on a subject. 11. Ag-O 9 I do, I perform. Ac't-UWl, to do, to perform. 1. ACT'UATED, v. incited to ac- tion. 2. ACT'TJARY, n. clerk. 3. ACT'UAL, a. real. 4. Co' GENT, a. forcible. 5. ENACT'ED, v. decreed by authority. 5. TRANSACT', v. to do. 6. EXACT', v. to take by au- thority. 64 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 7. EX'IGENCY, n. pressing ne- cessity. 8. AMBIGU'ITY, n. double meaning. 9. CoAGULA'TiON,7i.curdling. 10. COUNTERACT', v. to hinder by counter-influence. 11. A' GENT, n. one who does business for another. ACT'IVE, a. quick, busy (56-4). ClRCUMNAVIGA'TION,n.(navis,) sailing around (44-4). ACTIV'ITY, n. agility; quick- ness (435). EXACT', a. precise (20-2). NAVIGATION, n. (navis,) the act of navigating (279-2). LITIQ'IOUS, a. (lis,) fond of going to law (317-2). NAV'IGABLE, a. (navis,) pass- able by vessels (385). 1. Much blame has been cast upon Galileo (gal-e-lee'-o) for his recan- tation ; but the motive which actuated him should be taken into con- sideration in judging of his conduct. 2. It is customary for the actuary of a Literary Institute, to adver- tise for the payment of the annual dues. 3. If the British had been able to ascertain the actual condition of the soldiery at Valley Forge, in 1777-78, they would have been con- vinced that they could never subjugate such a people. 4. The most cogent argument was not sufficient to induce Jackson to sign the bill rechartering the Bank of the United States in 1832. 5. In 1765, Parliament enacted a law that no legal document should be valid without a stamp. As no merchant could see the propriety of the Stamp Act, the whole mercantile community determined to transact no business requiring stamped paper. 6. One cause of the Revolution was the attempt of Great Britain to exact from the colonies revenue, to be applied to her own benefit. 7. In the latter part of 1776, success seemed to follow the British arms; New York had been taken, and Washington, closely pursued through New Jersey, had crossed the Delaware to Pennsylvania. In this exigency , Washington did not succumb, but, to the surprise of the British, recrossed the Delaware, and defeated the Hessians at Tren- ton. 8. The dullest comprehension in a besieged city could find no airibi- guity in the usual demand of the Duke of Alva, for an unconditional surrender. 9. In making cheese, the coagulation of the milk, that is, the sepa- ration of the curd from the whey, is hastened by the use of rennet. 10. By study, a physician knows what substances counteract the effects of deleterious drugs. 11. A person is responsible for the acts of his agent* LATIN DERIVATIVES. 65 12. AH-US, or Alie'n-US, another, foreign. 1. AL'IENS, n. foreigners. 2. AL'IENATED, v. estranged. 3. ALIENA'TION, n. estrange- ment. 4. INAL'IENABLE, a. incapable of being transferred. A'LIAS, adv. otherwise (608-2). 1. In reference to aliens, the Constitution provides, that no person except a natural born citizen is eligible to the Presidency. 2. In 1779, Arnold's trial by court-martial irritated his irascible dis- position, and alienated his affection from his country. 3. Arnold's alienation lasted till his decease, and it is not strange that he never wished even to advert to his country. 4. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, are the inalienable rights of every one in the United States. 13. Al-O, I feed, I nourish. Al'it-UWl, to feed, to nourish. 1. AL'IMENT, n. nutriment. 2. COALI'TION, n. union. 3. COALESCE', v. to unite in one body. 1. The commissary endeavored to provide proper aliment for all the sick soldiers. 2. In 1643, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Plymouth, and New Haven, formed a coalition for mutual protection and defence. 3. Oil and water will not coalesce ; oil, being lighter than water, rises to the top. 14. Al'ter, the other, another. Altetfn-US, one after the other ; by turns. 1. ALTERCA'TION, n. angry dispute. 2. ALTERNATELY, adv. by turns. 3. ALTERNATION, n. alternate 4. ALTERNATIVE, n. a choice between two things. ADUL'TERATE, v. to corrupt by mixing baser materials (327-2). action. 1. The constant altercation between Mason and the people of New Hampshire was only settled by calling in an arbitrator. 2. The Legislature of Connecticut was formerly in session alter- nately at Hartford and New Haven. 3. The alternation of day and night is caused by the rotation of the earth upon its axis. 4. In 1776, it became evident that the only alternative was sub- mission or a declaration of independence. 6* E 66 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 15. Alt-us (al'ti), high. 1. AL'TITUDE, n. height. 1 2. EXALTA'TION, n. elevation. 1. The altitude of the highest mountain is found, by accurate meas- urement, to be 5J miles. 2. Sylla, the Dictator, determined to liberate 100,000 slaves, and exempt them from public service, that they might be made subservient to his own exaltation. 16. Am'bul-o, I walk. 1. PEBAM'BULATE, v. to walk 2. PEE' AMBLE, n. an introduc- through. tion or preface. 1. Those who are able to perambulate a country, see much more than those who ride. 2. The preamble to the Constitution of the United States asserts, that the power of government emanates from the people. 17. A'm-o, I love. Ama't-um, to love. Ami'c-us 9 a friend. 1. AM'ICABLE, a. friendly. 1. AM'ITY, n. friendship. 2. EN'MITY, n. hostility. 3. INIM'ICAL, a. unfriendly. 4. A'MIABLE, a. lovely. EN'EMY, n. a foe (75-5). 1. The most amicable relations existed between Massasoit and the Plymouth settlers in 1620, and a treaty of amity was made, which was not broken until King Philip became hostile in 1675. 2. Such was the enmity of the Indians to the colony of Virginia that hostilities commenced in 1609. 3. When Hull, in 1812, determined to relinquish the territory already acquired in Canada, he was considered inimical to the American cause. 4. The amiable disposition of Henry IV. of France caused him to be greatly beloved. 18. Am'pl-US, large. 1. AM'PLY, adv. abundantly. 2. AM'PLIFY, v. to enlarge. 3. AMPLITUDE, n. extent. 4. AMPLIFICATION, n. (facio,) the act of dilating upon all the particulars of a subject. 1. The Croton aqueduct, constructed for the purpose of supplying New York with water, was thought to be capable of providing amply for the wants of the whole city. 2. Nothing is more tedious in an orator than a tendency to amplify too much. 3. The amplitude of the universe may well excite wonder, even in the mind of a scientific man. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 67 4. In his preliminary remarks, Webster's argumentative style is terse and concise, but his amplification is in the highest degree eloquent. 19. Arig-O, I vex. Anw!i 9 I have vexed. 1. AN'GER, n. resentment. 2. ANXI'ETY, n. solicitude. 1. AN'GUISH, n. extreme pain. AN' GUY, a. irritated (49-3). 1. When the White Ship, bearing the cherished son of Henry I. of England, foundered at sea, and all but one perished, no one was willing to carry the intelligence to the king, and to brave his anger. At last, a little child was selected. When the king understood the tidings, he fell to the ground in his anguish, and was never seen to smile after- wards. 2. Great anxiety was felt in 1807 for the four sailors of the Chesa- peake seized as deserters from the British navy. 20. Arigul-US, a corner ; an angle. 1. AN'GLE, n. a corner; the opening of two straight lines which meet in a point. 2. EQUIANGULAR, a. (aequus,) having equal angles or cor- ners. 2. MULTAN'GULAR, a. (mul- tus,) having many angles or corners. 2. RECTAN'GULAB,, a. (rectus,) having right angles. 2. TRIAN'GLE, n. (tria,) a fig- ure having three angles. 3. AN'GULAR, a. having cor- ners. 4. QUAD'RANGLE, n. (quadra,) a figure with four corners, or angles. 1. An angle is often denoted by one letter placed at the vertex. 2. The great advantages resulting from the study of Etymology are particularly seen in technical terms. The exact meaning of all these words can be known from their derivation; e. g. multangular; Multus, many ; angulus, an angle ; ar, having. Having many angles. The other words can be analyzed in the same way. 3. A terrible desperado, sentenced to solitary confinement, declared he would have been insane if his cell had been circular instead of angular. 4. Any figure having four angles is called a quadrangle^ or quad- rilateral. 21. Ariim-a, the life, the breath. An!im-us 9 the mind, the soul. 1. ANIMAL'CULE, n. a minute animal. 2. ANIMA'TION, n. liveliness. 2. UNANIM'ITY, n. (unus,) agreement of a number of persons in opinion. 68 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 3. ANIMADVER'TED, v. (verto,) commented on by way of censure. 3. ANIMOS'ITY, n. violent ha- tred. 4. AN'IMATE, v. to stimulate. 5. MAGNANIMITY, n. (mag- nus,) greatness of mind. 6. UNAN'IMOUS, a. (unus,) of one mind. 7. EQUANIMITY, n. (sequus,) evenness of mind. AN'IMALS, n. living beings (9). PUSILLANIMOUS, a. (pusil- lus,) of weak mind (509-4). 1. When we magnify a drop of water which is not pure, we find that it contains various species of animalcule. 2. Though the discussion on a declaration of independence was carried on with animation, yet the question was decided by the 56 signers, with perfect unanimity. 3. Hamilton animadverted severely upon the political course of the Vice- President, but entirely without animosity. 4. Before the battle of Trenton, Washington endeavored to animate the soldiers to renewed effort, by showing that the cause was not desper- ate, and by promising a bounty to all who would remain. 5. If Burr had had a particle of magnanimity, he would not have sought to revenge himself by taking the life of his opponent. 6. After the evacuation of Philadelphia, in 1778, it was decided, by a unanimous vote, to go to White Plains. 7. Washington bore with equanimity the misfortune of losing New York in 1776, and flying like & fugitive before Cornwallis. 22. Arin-us, a year. 1. AN'NALS, n. a series of his- torical events. 2. SEPTEN'NIAL, a. (septem,) occurring every seven years. 2. BIEN'NIAL, a. (bis,) occur- ring every two years. 3. SUPEBAN'NUATED, a. im- paired by old age and in- firmity. 4. PEKEN'NIAL, a. lasting througb tbe year. 5. MILLENNIUM, n. (mille,) a thousand years of peace. 6. ANNIVER'SAKY, n. (verto,) a day celebrated as it re- turns eacb year. 7. AN'NUAL, a. yearly; lasting only a year. ANNU'ITY, n. an annual al- lowance (443). CENTEN'NIAL, a. (centum,) occurring every hundred years (76-1). AN'NO DOM'INI, A.D. (dom- inus), the year of our Lord (25-1). 1. When Watson wrote his "Annals of Philadelphia," the anti- quated house occupied by William Penn was still standing. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 69 2. The Convocation first made the meetings septennial, but finally reversed the decision, and made them biennial, 3. Had Gen. Prescott been superannuated, and unable to resist Col. Barton, his capture would still have been ridiculous; but we are scarcely able to restrain our risible faculties, at the thought of the su- percilious General, accustomed to domineer over the province of Rhode Island, carried from his bed in almost a state of nudity. 4. A plant in which life will remain more than two years, is called perennial. 5. On examining the Scriptures, we find that several writers predict a time of peace, called the millennium, in which the most ferocious beasts will become harmless. 6. The International Exposition held in Philadelphia, to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the Nation's birth, was a great success. 7. The annual Report of the Commissioner of Education is very interesting. 23. Arinul-us, a ring. 1. AN'NULAR, a. in the form of a ring. 1. An annular eclipse is not a common event, as a concurrence of circumstances is necessary to produce the result. 24. Anti'qu-us, old, ancient. 1. AN'TIQUARY, n. one who seeks ancient things. 1. ANTIQUE', a. old, ancient. 2. AN'CIENT, a. primitive. AN'CIENTLY, adv. in time long past (196-1). AN'TIQUATED, a. out of use (22-1). 1. Nothing is more precious to the antiquary than some antique relic of elaborate workmanship. 2. In the inclement season of the year, the ancient Scots found an inexhaustible fund of amusement in the recital of the valiant deeds of their brave ancestors. 25. Ape'ri-o, I open. Aper't-um, to open. 1. AP'ERTURE, n. an opening. 1. After the most arduous labors, some of the Roman soldiers gained access to Jerusalem by an aperture in the wall, A. D. 70. 26. Ap't-us, fit, meet. 1. ADAPT', v. to fit. | 2. APT'ITUDE, n. disposition. 1. The preceptor should endeavor to adapt his instruction to the capacity of each scholar. 2. His aptitude for learning, and the facility with which he acquired a language, enabled him to obtain an excellent position. 70 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 27. Aqua, water. 1. A'QUEOUS, a. watery. 2. AQUA'RIUM, n. a globe or tank of glass, in which to keep aquatic animals. 2. AQUAT'IC, a. living in the water. 3. TERR A'QUEOUS, a. (terra,) consisting of land and water. A'QUEDUCT, n. (duco,) an artificial channel for con- veying water (18-1). 1. In a corpuscle of blood the aqueous portion is found to predomi- nate over the solid part. 2. An aquarium is a convenient arrangement for observing the habits of aquatic animals. 3. This terraqueous globe is admirably adapted for the habitation of human beings. 28. Ar' biter (ar'bitr-i), a judge or umpire. 1. AR'BITRATE, v. to decide between opposing parties. 2. AR'BITRARY, a. not gov- erned by fixed rule. 3. ARBITRAMENT, n. decision. 3. ARBITRATION, n. decision by arbitrators. ARBITRATOR, n. a judge appointed by parties to de- cide between them (14-1). 1. During the War of 1812, between the United States and England, Russia offered to arbitrate. 2. Both countries refusing to accept the mediation of Russia, England continued her arbitrary conduct. 3. Instead of submitting the question of indemnification for damage to our commerce to the arbitrament of war, both nations consented to arbitration at Geneva. 29. A^bor, a tree. 1. ARBORICULT'URE, n. (colo,) the management of forests. 1. Arboriculture in France and Germany consists almost entirely in the management of natural forests. 30. Ar f c-eo (m compounds, eTCeo), I restrain. 3. EX'ERCISE, v. to exert, as the body or the mind. 1. COERCE', v. compel by force. 2. COER'CION, n. force. 1. Washington had too much discernment to suppose that he could coerce volunteers to remain in the army. 2. Washington had no wish to exasperate the insurgents in the whiskey insurrection, but he determined to resort to coercion, rather than per- mit an infringement of the law. 3. Some of the most celebrated of the nobles, moved by the youth and in- nocence of Lady Jane Grey, besought the Queen to exercise her clemency. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 71 31. Ar^d-CO, I burn, I desire earnestly. Ar's-UWl, to burn, to desire earnestly. 3. AR'SON, n. setting fire to a dwelling. 1. AR'DENT, a. passionate. 2. AR'DOR, n. earnestness. 1. The ardent desire of Wolfe to take Quebec was gratified in 1759. 2. The ardor of Wesley led him, whilst he was a missionary in Georgia, to perform almost incredible labors. 3. So dreadful are the consequences of arson, that no community should allow a person to commit the offence with impunity; in some countries it is common to incarcerate the criminal, in others to decapi- tate him. 32. Ar'du-us, steep, difficult. AR'DUOUS, a. difficult (25). 33. Argerit-um, silver. 1. ARGENTIF'EROUS, a. (fero,) bearing or producing silver. 1. The wonderful argentiferous properties of the silver mines of the West have led to the formation of many companies, for the purpose of working them. 34. Ar'gu-o, I argue. 1. AR'GUE, v. to reason. AR'GUMENT, n. a reason offered (11-4). ARGUMENT' ATIVE, a. contain- ing argument; inclined to argue (18-4). 1. Pocahontas, finding it useless to argue with the Indians, deter- mined to notify the colonists of their danger. 35. Ar'm-a, arms, weapons. 1. AR'MISTICE, n. (sto,) a ces- sation of hostilities. 2. AB/MAMENT, n. a naval warlike forct. 2. ARMA'DA, n. a naval war- like force. 3. AR'MORY,. the place where arms are kept. 4. AR'MOR, n. defensive cloth- ing. 5. AR'MY, n. a number of sol- diers organized under of- ficers. 6. AR'MORER, n. one who makes arms. 7. DISARM', v. to deprive of weapons. 8. ARM, v. to take arms or weapons. ARMS, n. weapons (11-7). 1. In 1847, Scott consented to an armistice, and our Government considering this an auspicious period, sent Nicholas P. Trist to negotiate peace. 72 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 2. Raleigh sent out his third expedition in 1587, but Spain having in- vaded England with a powerful armament, called the " Invincible Armada," the colony failed for want of supplies. 3. On the first appearance of defection in Boston, Gage placed a strong guard around the armory. 4. The wearing of armor has fallen into disuse since the invention of gunpowder. 5. The condition of the army in 1775, made it impossible for "Wash- ington to act on the offensive. 6. Every artisan, whether an armorer or not, was employed in the manufacture of arms and ammunition. 7. Nothing could be more futile than the attempt of George III. to disarm the colonists. 8. " I deprecate war," said John Adams; "but it is inevitable, and it is our duty to arm as rapidly as possible.' 1 36. Ar-o, I plough. 1. INAR'ABLE, a. not fit for 1. An' ABLE, a. fit for tillage tillage or ploughing. or ploughing. 1. The first donation to Culpepper and Arlington, comprised only for- ests and inarable lands ; but finally the colonists had to yield some of their best arable fields to the rapacious monarch. 37. Ars (ar't-is), art, skill. 1. AR'TIFICE, n. (facio,) strat- agem. 2. ART'LESS, a. without fraud. 2. ARTIFICIAL, a. (facio,) made by art. 3. ART, n. skill. 4. INERT', a. destitute of the power of moving ; sluggish. 5. INER'TIA, n. that property by which a body cannot put itself in motion when at rest, or come to rest when in motion. AR'TISAN,?I. artificer (35-6). ARTIFICER, n. (facio,). ar- tisan (35-6). 1. In 1775, General Gage resorted to every artifice, to conceal his design of seizing the stores at Concord. 2. An artless little girl, while walking in an aviary, delighted the artist by mistaking an artificial bird for a real one. 3. The painter, Reubens, displayed such art in the management of his subject, that it excited the admiration of every spectator. 4. An artful impostor tried to obtain money from his auditory, by asserting that he could move inert bodies by the mere force of his will. 5. A car, through its inertia, continues moving after the locomotive h detached. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 73 38. Artic'ul-llS, a joint or limb. 1. AKTICULA'TION, n. utter- ance of the elementary sounds. 2. lNARTic'uLATE,a.indistinct. AB/TICLES, n. substances (1-3). 1. Whitfield's articulation was so distinct, that he could preach to an immense audience. 2. Demosthenes, finding his speech very inarticulate, tried every expedient to improve it, and . labored with the most exemplary patience and perseverance until he could speak distinctly. 39. As'per, rough, harsh. 1. ASPER'ITY, n. harshness; roughness. EXAS'PERATE, v. to enrage (30-2). 1. In 1781, the most strenuous efforts were made to procure a pardon for Isaac Hayne. Judge Balfour, however, was inexorable, and, with great asperity and bitter invective, subjected him to the ignominy of dying on a gibbet. 40. Atrox (atro'c-is), fierce, cruel. 1. ATROC'ITIES, n. savage cruelties. 1. The bare recital of the atrocities of the Wyoming massacre, was sufficient to transfix the listener with horror. 41. Au'de-O, I dare, I am bold. 1. AUDA'CIOUS, a. bold, daring. 1. For many years the Gulf of Mexico was infested with a band of pirates, who, with the most audacious insolence, would enter a town and carry off whatever they wanted. 42. Au'di-o, I hear. Audi't-um, to hear. 1. AU'DIT, v. to examine an account. 2. AU'DIBLE, a. that is heard. 3. OBE'DIENCE,W. performance of what is commanded. AU'DIENCE, n. an assembly of hearers (38-1). AU'DITORY, n. an assembly of hearers (37-4). AU'DITOR, n. a hearer (91-2). 1. When the committee came to audit the accounts of Arnold, they were astonished at the enormity of the/rcmc?. 2. The ravishing vision of the celestial host, as they announced, with audible voice, the incarnation, filled the shepherds with joy. 3. Notwithstanding the intercession of the nobles, Queen Mary car- ried out her sanguinary purpose, and Lady Jane Grey met her fate with womanly fortitude, declaring that she suffered on account of her filial obedience^ and not in consequence of ambition. 74 MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 43. Au!g-eo 9 I increase. 1. AUCTIONEER', n. one who Auc't-um, to increase. > 9 help, aid. 3. AUC'TION, n. a sale by bid- ding more and more. 4. AU'THOR, n. a writer of a book or other document. 5. AUXILIARY, a. helping. 6. AUTHORITY, n. legal power. holds an auction. 2. AUGMENT', v. to increase; to make or grow larger. 3. AU'THORIZED, v. empow- ered. 1. In order to make such vociferous cries at a vendue, an auctioneer must constantly expand his lungs. 2. The wise and judicious measures of Hamilton to augment the funds in the Treasury, and to restore the value of the depreciated cur- rency, placed the credit of the United States on &firm basis. 3. Charles II. authorized Culpepper and Arlington to sell the fer* tile lands of Virginia by auction; an act which greatly incensed the 4. Milton derived very little benefit from the publication of the works on divorce, of which he was the author. 5. Taylor's campaign in 1846 was antecedent, and auxiliary to the capture of Mexico by Scott. 6. The people of New Hampshire contended that Mason had no au- thority to exact rent for the land. M. AuCgwr, a soothsayer. Avi-s, a bird. 1. AU'SPICES, n. (specio,) the omens of an undertaking. 1. AU'GUR, v. to predict; to foretell events. 2. INAUGURATE, v. to invest with an office by solemn rites. 3. INAUSPI'CIOUS, a. (specio,) unfavorable. 4. AU'GURY, n. an omen. AUSPICIOUS, a. (specio,) favorable (35-1). A'VIARY, n. a place for keeping birds (37-2). 1. Columbus commenced his voyage under such favorable auspices, as led Isabella to augur success. 2. It is customary to inaugurate the President on the portico of the Capitol, with appropriate ceremonies. 3. Inauspicious as was the loss of Gilbert's expedition, it did not deter Elizabeth from making three attempts under Raleigh, all of which were calamitous. 4. When Magellan undertook the circumnavigation of the globe, he accepted as a favorable augury, the appearance of a beautiful dove flying over the vessel. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 75 45. Au'r-um, gold. 1. AURIF'EROUS, a. (fero,) producing gold. 1. In 1609, the credulous settlers of Virginia, finding, as they sup- posed, auriferous clay, gave up everything to dig gold, and laughed at others for their incredulity. 46. Bar' bar -us, rude, savage, foreign. 1. BAR'BAROUS, a. savage ; uncivilized. 1. De Soto, though often attacked by the barbarous tribes, pressed on undauntedly until he reached the Mississippi. 47. Bea't-us, nappy, blessed. 1. BEAT'ITUDE, n. a blessing 1 2. BEATIF'IC, a. (facio,) im- pronounced. I parting bliss. 1. The compassion of the Saviour for the suffering, incident to humanity ', is exhibited in each beatitude. 2. The story of the beatific vision, announcing the birth of Christ, is the delight of children all over Christendom. 48. Bel'l-um, war. 1. REBELLION, n. insurrection. I 2. BELLIG'EKENT, a. (gero,) 1. REB'EL, n. one who revolts. I waging war. 1. When the rebellion in Canada commenced, a rebel might have had a transient hope of ultimate success. 2. In the Russo-Turkish war, 1878, it was doubtful whether England would adopt belligerent measures. 49. Be'ne, good, well. 1. BENEFICENT, a. (facio,) kind, doing good. 2. BEN'EFICE, n. (facio,) a church living. 3. BENEDIC'TION, n. (dico,) a blessing. 3. BENEFAC'TION, n. (facio,) a benefit conferred. BENEFI'CIAL, a. (facio,) ad- vantageous (1-6). BEN'EFIT, n. (facio,) advan- tage (11-6). BENEV'OLENCE, n. (volo,) de- sire to do good (703-1). BENEV'OLENT, a. (volo,) char- itable (299). 1. In the beneficent character of Oglethorpe we discern a great similarity to that of William Penn. 2. In 1592, many a doctor of divinity resigned his benefice and became a refugee, rather than submit to the law of Conformity. 3. The father of William Penn was so angry at his son for what he deemed his fanaticism, that he refused him his benediction 9 and would have deprived him of the King's benefaction. 76 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 50. Benig'n-us, kind, liberal. 1. BENIGN', a. kind. | 2. BENiG'NiTY,n.graciousness. 1. Sir Harry Vane, a compatriot of Cromwell, was noted for his benign and affable manner. 2. The benignity and goodness of Henry the Fourth of France, made the populace almost revere him. 61. Bi'b-O, I drink. M 1. IMBIBED', v. drank in. 1. Aaron Burr may not have been chargeable with ebriety, but that he imbibed spirituous liquors freely, at the time of his duel with Alex- ander Hamilton (1804), there can be no doubt. 52. His, twice. J$i!n-i, two by two. 1. COMBINE', v. to unite; to link closely together. 2. BI'PED, n. (pes,) an animal having two feet. 3. BIS'CUIT, n. bread baked hard. (Fr. cuit, baked ; lit- erally, twice baked.) BIEN'NIAL, a. (annus), hap- pening every two years (22-2). 1. Hamilton was said to combine the finest colloquial powers with great profundity of learning. 2. Although a monkey can walk on two feet, he is not a biped, but a quadrumane. 3. Sailors assert that sea biscuit is the best preventive of sea-sickness. 53. Bo'n-us, good, bountiful. BOUN'TY, n. premium (21-4). 54. Bretv-is, short, brief. 1. BREV'ITY, n. conciseness. 2. ABBREVIATE, v. to shorten. 3. BRIEF, a. short, concise, in expression. 1. In the address of the first Continental Congress, the introductory remarks were written with great brevity, and with a simplicity and candor which forced conviction on the mind. 2. Before an article is available for popular reading, it is frequently necessary for an editor to abbreviate it. 3. Give a brief account of that troublesome malcontent, Clayborne, who kept Maryland in such a turbulent state. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 77 55. Bul'l-a, a bubble in water. Bulli't-um, to bub- ble, to boil. 1. EBULLI'TION, n. a bubbling; a boiling. 2. BOIL, v. to rise in bubbles by the action of heat. 1. In a vacuum, ebullition can be produced with the heat of the hand. 2. Under ordinary circumstances, water will boil at 212 Fahrenheit's thermometer. 56. Ca!d-o, I fall. Ca's-um, to fall. 1. CA'DENCE, n. fall of the voice. 2. OCCA'SION, n. time of par- ticular occurrence. 3. CAS'UAL, a. happening by chance. 4. CAS'UALTY, n. accident. 5. COINCIDED, v. agreed. 6. COIN'CIDENCE, n. concur- rence. 7. DECAY', n. gradual failure of soundness. 8. DECID'UOUS, a. falling, in autumn, as of leaves. INCIDENT, a. apt to happen (47-1). 1. There was a sweet cadence in the tones of Mary Queen of Scots, and an affability of manner, which seemed to inspire her attendants with the most ardent affection. 2. Washington was the object of much detraction and calumny, and on no occasion was the dignity of his character more clearly exhibited, than in his pertinacious adherence to his resolution to take no notice of these slanders. 3. A casual remark betrayed the precise locality of Wayne, and enabled Grey to perform the horrible deed which has loaded his name with infamy. 4. By an unfortunate casualty in 1777, Arnold was unable to retain his command or to engage in any active pursuits. 5. To Washington, familiar with Indian warfare, the fallacy of Brad- dock's arguments was apparent, and in a modest manner he showed that the troops were in danger of total destruction ; but as no officer coin- cided with Washington, Braddock considered his advice impertinent. 6. The decease of two ex-Presidents, Jefferson and Adams, on the fiftieth anniversary of our independence, is a remarkable coinci- dence. 7. Several authors explain the mode of transplanting indigenous trees so as to prevent the decay of the roots. 8. Deciduous trees and plants, such as the oak, rose-bush, and grape-vine, drop their leaves in the autumn. 7* 78 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 57. Cce'd-o, I cut, I kill. Cce's-um, to cut, to kill. 1. DECIDE', v. determine. 2. EXCISE', n. a duty on man- ufactured goods. 2. PRECISION, n. exactness. 3. EXCIS'ION, n. a cutting out. 4. DECISIVE, a. conclusive. 4. INFANTICIDE,^ (fari,) the killing of an infant. 4. PAK'RICIDE, n. (pario,) the killing of a father or mother. 5. INCIS'ION, n. a cut. CONCISE', a. brief (18-4). DECIS'ION, n. determination (22-2). FRAT'RICIDE, n. (frater,) the murder of a brother (222-3). HOM'ICIDE, n. (homo,) the murder of a man (5-2). MAT'RICIDE, n. (mater,) the killing of a mother (338). SU'ICIDE, n. (sui,) t]ie killing of one's self (321-4). PRECISE', a. exact ; accurate ; correct (56-3). 1. No impartial historian would palliate the crime of Dunmore, in burn- ing Norfolk, but would decide that he was no better than an incendiary. 2. To calculate the excise with great precision 9 the assessor must visit each manufactory. 3. The excision Act, by which many a curate was compelled to prac- tise dissimulation, or to expatriate himself, was passed in 1562. 4. Our penal code is decisive on the question that infanticide and parricide are capital crimes. 5. Portia resorted to no supernatural means to defeat Shylock, but with feminine ingenuity, required him to make an incision without drawing blood. 58. Calam!it-as 9 a misfortune. 1. CALAM'ITY, n. misfortune; I CALAM'ITOUS, a. bringing great such as fire, flood, etc. I distress (44-3). 1. In 1665, London was visited by that terrible calamity the plague ; and in 1666 by the Great Fire. 59. Calcul-US, a little pebble. CAL'CULATE, v. to reckon (57-2). 60. Cal'e-O, I am warm or hot. Ca'lOT, heat. 1. CALOR'IC, n. heat ; the prin- I 2. SCALD, v. to burn with a ciple of heat. I boiling fluid. 1. Caloric can be generated by chemical or mechanical action, and by electricity. 2. When the Romans were able to encircle Jerusalem, and contract their lines of circumvallation until they were in close proximity to the walls, the wretched inhabitants poured down boiling water to scald their besiegers. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 79 61. Caluwi'ni-a, calumny ; a false accusation. CAL'UMNY, n. false accusation (56-2). ... , 62. Carid-eo, I glow with heat. 1. INCEN'TIVE, n. inducement. 2. CANDIDATE, n. one pro- posed for office. 3. CAN'DID, a. ingenuous. CAN'DOR,?I. sincerity (54-1). INCEN'DIARY, n. one who sets houses on fire (57-1). INCENSED', v. irritated ; in- flamed to violent anger (43-3). 1. The prospect of a remuneration for labor was such an incentive 9 that large numbers were induced to emigrate to Virginia in the seven- teenth century. 2. There is no provision in the Constitution that the candidate for Vice-President shall not be from the same State as the President. 3. Nathan Hale was a man of rectitude, and in the most candid manner acknowledged his repugnance to becoming a spy ; but as it was essential to the success of the American cause, he consented, although he had a presentiment that he would never return. 63. Ca'n-is, a dog. 1. CANINE', a. pertaining to dogs. 1. The fidelity of the canine race, leads man to repose the greatest confidence in them. 64. Carit-o, I sing, I charm. Canta't-um, to sing, to charm. 1. CAN'TICLE, n. the song of Solomon. 2. INCANTA'TION, n. enchant- ment. 3. CHANT, n. a kind of sacred music. 3. DESCANT', v. discourse. 4. ENCHANTS', v. delights highly. 5. RECANT', v. to retract some- thing previously asserted. 6. CHARMS, n. attractions. RECANTA'TION, n. retrac- tion (11-1). 1. The Canticle and the prophecy of Isaiah contain some of the most beautiful oriental imagery to be found in the language. 2. The jugglers of the East practise their incantation upon snakes and many species of vermin. 3. Snake charmers in India sometimes lie prostrate before the snake, as if in adoration; sometimes they sing a low chant 9 and at others descant in a tedious oration on their power over evil spirits. 4. If the effulgence of the setting sun enchants the beholder, what must be the rapture, when the glorious radiance of heaven bursts upon the sight. 80 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 5. The enemies of John Huss persecuted him with such malignity, that they refused him an advocate. Huss evinced no perturbation, but in the most placid manner, announced his irrevocable determination never to recant. 6. Elizabeth, when petulant and repulsive, still expected her imaginary charms to captivate every beholder. 65. Ca'pi-o, I take. Cap't-um, to take. 1. CAPA'CIOUS, a. spacious. 2. CAPAC'ITATE, v. to enable. 3. CAP'TIOUS, a. cavilling. 4. ACCEPTABLE, a. pleasing. 5. ANTICIPATION, n. expec- tation. 6. CONCEIVE', v. liave an idea. 7. CONCEPTION, n. idea. 8. INCIP'IENT, a. commenc- ing ; beginning. 9. UNPRINCIPLED, a. (pri- mus,) profligate. 10. PARTICIPATE, v. (pars,) to share. 10. INTERCEPT', v. to seize by the way. 11. PERCEPTIBLE, a. capable of being perceived. 12. PRINCIPLE, n. (primus,) fixed law. 13. RECEIVE', v. to take; to accept. 13. RECEIPT', n. acknowledg- ment for money paid. 14. RECEP'TACLE, n. that which receives or contains. v. to receive expect 15. SUSCEP'TIBLE, a. capable of being affected. 15. REC'IPE, n. a medical pre- scription. 16. RECIPIENT, n. one who takes. ACCEPT', (28-2). ANTICIPATE, v. (125-4). CA'PABLE, a. able (18-1). CAPAC'ITY, n. ability (26-1). CAp'TURE,w.seizure(22-3). EXCEPT', prep, with exclu- sion of (12-1). OCCUPATION, n. employ- ment (7-1). OC'CUPIED, part, inhabited (22-1). OC'CUPANTS, n. persons in possession (43-3). PERCEP'TIVE, a. having power to perceive (8-2). PRECEP'TOR, n. a tutor (26-1). 1. A capacious edifice intended to accommodate a large congrega- tion should be well supplied with means of ingress and egress. 2. To capacitate the mind to judge correctly, care must be taken to keep it free from prejudice. 3. Elizabeth of England was of a captious and imperious disposition. 4. How acceptable to the Americans, exhausted by forced marches, LATIN DERIVATIVES. 81 in the retreat from Cowpens, must have been the torrents of rain which swelled the Catawba. 5. The anticipation of a speedy cessation of the war in 1776, induced Cornwallis to reiterate the statement that it was already ended. 6. Charles I. could not conceive that it was prejudicial to him to detain the Puritans in England. 7. How long did Newton ponder on the subject, before the concep- tion of the universality of gravitation entered his mind ? 8. The incipient measures for the manumission of the slaves in the West Indies were taken in 1834. 9. It was easy for Smith to predict the evils which would ensue, when the colony of Virginia was left under the domination of the unprin- cipled men who infested it. 10. As each soldier was to participate in the plunder, the greatest effort was made to intercept the supplies for General Hull. 11. An eminent astronomer saw that there was do perceptible devia- tion in the course of one of the planets. 12. As he could account for it on the principle of gravitation only, it was conclusive to his mind that another planet was near. 13. It is a good rule never to receive payment of a debt without giving a receipt. 14. The morgue is a receptacle for dead bodies, where they remain for friends to identify them. 15. Knowing that the patient was very susceptible to the influence of medicine, the recipe was written with great care. 16. Elizabeth, after her accession, showed great discrimination in mak- ing Lord Burleigh the recipient of the highest honors. 66. Ca'p-ut (cap'it-is), the head. Capiful-wm, a little head, a chapter. 1. RECAPIT'ULATING, part, re- peating again. 2. CAPITA'TION, n. counting by heads. 3. PRECIP'ITATELY, adv. hast- iiy- 4. CAPIT'ULATE, v. to surren- der on conditions. 5. PRECIP'ITATE, a. hasty. 6. PKEC'IPICE, n. an abrupt declivity. 1. In a lecture on the extensive migration to the New World, John F CAP'ITAL, a. punishable with death (57-4). CAP'ITOL, n. the building in which Congress meets. (In some States the StateHouse.) (44-2.) CAP'TAIN, n. the head or chief of a company or ship, etc. (83-2). DECAP'ITATE, v. to behead (31-3). 82 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. Bright, recapitulating the causes of the miseries of Ireland, named as the most prominent, extravagance, oppression, and extortion. 2. Congress has no power to impose a capitation tax, except in pro- portion to a census taken every decade. 3. Lincoln, when attacked in 1780 by the superior force of Clinton, did not precipitately surrender Charleston. 4. Lincoln continued to defend Charleston until further resistance was useless, and he was obliged to capitulate. 5. The first Continental Congress, in 1774, made no precipitate declaration of war, but adopted pacific measures. 6. The ascent of the Alps can be accomplished with proper precaution^ but the whole community must deplore the many incautious attempts of travellers, who have been dashed to pieces over the precipice* 67. Car'cer, a prison. INCARCERATE, v. to imprison (31-3). 68. Ca'ro (catfn-is), flesh. 1. CAR'NAGE, n. slaughter. 1. CAR'CASS, n. a dead body. 2. INCAR'NATE, a. embodied in flesh. 3. CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, n. a place for depositing dead bodies. 4. CAR'NIVAL, n. (vale,) the festival preceding Lent. INCARNA'TION, n. the tak- ing of a body of flesh (42-2). CARNIV'OROUS, a. (voro,) eating flesh (249-1). 1. Much censure was cast on Braddock for the fearful carnage in the expedition to Fort Du Quesne. Long after the defeat, the body of a soldier, or carcass of a noble horse, remained to shock the traveller. 2. The Deity became incarnate, not in the similitude of angels, but in the form of a servant. 3. A walk through the subterranean cJiarnel-house of Paris is calculated to fill the beholder with horror; the interminable passages lined with the corrupt and ghastly remains, the walls humid with the exhalations of decaying bodies, the imaginary movement of a pall or limb, all aggravate the emotion experienced in this doleful abode. 4. The carnival is a festival observed in France, Spain, and Italy during the week preceding Lent. 69. Ca'r-US, dear, kind. 1. CARESS', v. to fondle. 1 2. CHER'ISHED, v. fostered. 1. The fierceness of the lion has been so subdued, that his keeper has not feared to caress him. 2. Wolsey, for some time after his arrest, cherished the fallacious hope of conciliating the king. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 83 70. Casti!g-o, I chastise. 1. CASTIGA'TION, n. punish- 2. CAS'TIGATE, v. to punish by ment. stripes. 1. The Israelites were forbidden to inflict a severer castigation than thirty-nine stripes. 2. To castigate those in servitude for trifling offences, only makes the character more obdurate. 71. Cau's-a, a cause. Causa't-um, to plead. 1. ACCUSA'TIONS, n. charges. 2. ACCUSED', v. charged with crime. CAUSE, n. that which produces a result (11-6). EXCUSE', n. apology (324). 1. When fortune forsook Wolsey, many accusations were brought against him, and by the King's order he was arrested. 2. Wolsey's indomitable will sustained him under every mortification, until the King accused him of contumacy and duplicity. 72. Cctu't-um, to beware, to take care. 1. CAU'TION, n. prudence. INCAU'TIOUS, a. imprudent (66-6). PRECAUTION, n. previous care to prevent mischief or se- cure good (66-6). 1. By taking a circuitous route, and using great caution 9 Col. Bar- ton captured Gen. Prescott in his dormitory, and transported him to the American lines before the guard could in 73. Cavil'l-a, a cavil, a jest, a taunt. 1. CA'VIL, n. a frivolous objection. 1. Under every discouragement, Columbus never yielded to despon- dency, but to every cavil, replied, " Only give me the means to try." 74. Ca!v-us 9 hollow. Caver'n-a, a cavern. 1. Ex'CAVATE, V. to hollow Out. 1. CAV'ERN, n. a deep hollow place in the earth. 2. EXCAVA'TION, n. a hollow or cavity formed by remov- ing the interior. 1. The workmen employed to excavate the ground for the founda- tion of a building in France, discovered in a cavern some arrow-heads, probably placed there at a remote period. 2. Such was the hostility of the Indians in 1644, that the Virginians were obliged to make a large excavation in the declivity of an adja- cent hill, to which they could resort for concealment. 84 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 75. Ce'd-o, I yield, I go. Ces's-um, to yield, to go. Cessa't-um, to leave off. 1. SUCCESS', n. favorable re- sult. 2. ACCEDE', v. to agree. 3. ACCES'SORY, a. rendering aid. 4. AN'CESTOR, n. a person from whom one is distantly a descendant. 5. CONCEDE', v. to admit. 6. EXCESS', n. more than enough. 7. EXCES'SIVE, a. exceeding. 8. INCES'SANT, a. without pause. 8. SUCCESSION, n. series. 9. PREDECES'SOR, n. one who was in a place before an- other. 10. PREC'EDENT,?!. an example. 11. PROCE'DURE, n. manner of proceeding. 12. SECES'SION, n. withdraw- ing. 13. RECEDE', v. to go back. 14. CEASE'LESS, a. unending. 15. SUCCES'SIVE, a. following in order. ACCES'SION, n. coming to the throne (65-16). ANTECEDENT, a. going be- fore (43-5). CES'SION, n. the act of ceding (377-5). CESSA'TION, n. discontinu- ance (65-5). DECEASE', n. death (12-3). INTERCESSION, n. the act of interceding (42-3). EXCEED' (see page 28). INTERCEDE' (see page 28). PRECEDE' (see page 28). PROCEED' (see page 28). 1. When England adhered with such pertinacity to the " Right of Search," and refused to adjust the difficulty by compromise, Russia offered to mediate, but without success. 2. As the United States found it impossible to accede to the pro- posals of Great Britain, it was determined to prosecute the war with renewed vigor. 3. That Burr was guilty of treason may be dubious ; but, unless the witnesses committed perjury, it is positive that he was accessory to some project of erecting an empire west of the Mississippi. 4. The lineal descendants of Henry VII. are found in the House of Tudor and House of Stuart ; but no sovereign of the lineage of Stuart exhibits any of the qualities of his great ancestor, 5. The Secretary of State positively refuses to concede to a neutral power the right to supply the enemy with the munitions of war. 6. As the United States has a large excess of cereal productions, the merchant is able to export grain, and import linen, linseed, and other articles of merchandise. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 85 7. The excessive use of ardent spirits induced Congress, in 1790, to lay a tax on every distillery, not so much to promote sobriety as to increase the revenue. 8. After the conquest of England, "William hoped to pass his days in peace, but the incessant quarrelling of his sons for precedence, and a suc- cession of adverse events, rendered the latter part of his life miserable. 9. Martin Van Buren considered the suspension of specie payments to be the natural consequence of a series of injurious measures, carried on during the administration of his predecessor. 10. The election of a person to the Presidency for the third time is not illegal ; but as Washington established the precedent of serving but twice, it has been thought best to follow his example. 11. Each House prescribes the mode of procedure for the expulsion of a member for a transgression of its rules. 12. The secession from the Church of England, of a few persons, regarded as vulgar and fanatic, has produced a denomination of great power and numerical strength. 13. Canute, in order to reprove his obsequious followers, issued his mandate to the wide expanse of ocean, and then waited for the waves to recede. 14. As the undulating waters, disregarding the command of Canute, continued to advance, he reminded his followers that he was but an earthly potentate, and that none but the omnipotent God could stop its ceaseless flow. 15. In 1776, the American soldiers were reduced almost to despair by the news of each successive reverse. 76. Cel'ebr-is, renowned, famous. 1. CEL'EBRATE, v. to honor by ceremonies of joy and re- spect. 2. CELEBRA'TION, n. com- memoration with appro- priate ceremonies or solemn rites. , CELEB'RITY, n. fame. CEL'EBRATED, a. famous (30-3). 1. It was determined to celebrate Washington's centennial birthday with unexampled pomp and splendor, in order to exhibit the estimation in which he was held, and the prosperity of the country. 2. A discreet celebration of the 4th of July is salutary ; but the de- plorable consequences attendant on the conflagration at Portland, ought to admonish us to select some more rational mode of showing our approbation. 3. William Pitt, Prime Minister, showed great discretion in civil affairs, but his celebrity is mainly attributable to his management of the war, by which Quebec which, from its superior fortification and position, was considered impregnable was captured in 1759, and in 1760 Mon- treal, thus completing the subjugation of Canada. 8 86 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 77. Ce'ler, swift, active, nimble. 1. ACCEL'ERATE, v. to hasten. 1 2. CELEK'ITY, n. swiftness. 1. The British commander tried to accelerate the march from Con- cord, hoping to reach Boston before excitement should lead the mob to impede their progress. 2. It is dangerous to jump from a car which is moving with great celerity 9 on account of the impetus imparted by the motion of the car. 78. Cel'l-a, a cell, a cellar. Cel'lul-a, a little cell. 1. CEL'LAB,W. an underground 2. CEL'LULAR, a. having cells ; room. consisting of cells. 1. Guy Fawkes hired a cellar, with the ostensible object of storing coal ; but his real intention was to deposit under the Parliament House a large quantity of explosive material, sufficient to demolish the whole su- perstructure. 2. If we make a cut through the skin, we find a substance called " cellular tissue." 79. Ce'l-o, I conceal. CONCEAL', v. to hide; to keep from sight (37-1). CONCEAL'MENT, n. the act of hiding (74-2). 80. Cel's-us, lofty, elevated, noble. EXCELLENT, a. of great worth (26-2). 81. Cw'lum, the sky; the vault of heaven; heaven. Cceles'tis, heavenly. CELES'TIAL, a. heavenly ; of the visible heavens (42-2). 82. Ceris-CO, I judge, I blame, I think. 1. CEN'SOR, n. one who exam- ines the works of authors before they are allowed to be published. 1. QEN'SURABLE, a. blamewor- thy. 2. CENSO'RIOUS, a. judging se- verely. CEN'SUS, n. an official enu- meration of the inhabitants of a country (66-2). CEN'SURE, n. blame (68-1). 1. In several European countries there is a Government censor, who has power to condemn a book. Before you are allowed to edit a paper, permission of this officer must be obtained, and if anything censura- ble appears, you must suffer the penalty. 2. The censorious character of Gen. Henry Lee caused him to be generally despised and shunned. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 87 83. Cerit-um, a hundred. 1. CENTENA'RIAN, n. a person who is a hundred years old. 2. CENTU'RION, n. an officer over a hundred men. 3. CEN'TIGRADE, a. (gradior,) divided into 100. CEN'TURY, n. a hundred years (62-1). CENTEN'NIAL, a. relating to a hundred years (76-1). CEN'TIPED, n. (pes,) an insect having many feet (556-1). 1. Rev. Daniel Waldo, when almost a centenarian 9 participated in the obsequies of Lincoln, having formerly been intimate with Wash- ington. 2. The centurion in the Roman army commanded a company of infantry, similar to the company, commanded by a captain, in the American system. 3. A centigrade thermometer is one which has the zero, or 0, at the freezing-point, and the distance between that and the boiling-point of water divided into 100. 84. Ceremo'ni-a 9 a rite or form. 1. CEREMO'NIOUS, a. consisting CEE/EMONIES, n. forms pre- of outward forms and rites. scribed (44-2). 1. Lord Beaconsfield (bec / -ons-field), on his return from Berlin in 1878, was received with ceremonious pomp and display. 85. Cer f n-O, I separate, I distinguish, I discern. Cre't- 9 to separate, to distinguish, to discern. 1. CONCERN', n. anxiety. 2. DECREE', n. edict. 3. DECREE', v. to ordain. 3. DISCRIMINATING, a. acute. 4. SECRETE', v. to hide. DISCERN', v. see (49-1). DISCREET', a. prudent (76-2). DISCERN'MENT, n. judgment (30-1). DISCRETION ,n.prudence(76-3) SEC' RETARY,?i. chief of a depart- ment of government (75-5). 1. Washington's great concern 9 when the war was likely to termi- nate, was to secure the liberation of the prisoners. 2. In 1598, Henry IV. of France issued a decree 9 allowing many privileges to Protestants. 3. The discriminating mind of William Penn led him to the con- clusion, that to decree justice to every one, however inferior he may be, is the only safe course for a legislator. 4. After the battle of Worcester, in 1651, Prince Charles was obliged to secrete himself in an oak at Boscobel ; several times, while in this ynstic hiding-place, he thought himself on the verge of ruin. 88 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 86. Cer't-O, I contend, I vie. 1. CONCERT', v. to contrive to- gether. 1. DISCONCERT', v. disturb. 2. PRECONCERT'ED, a. con- trived or arranged together beforehand. 1. Washington, in 1781, held a council of his officers, to concert a plan to invest Yorktown. Each officer was provided with a succinct statement of the details of the attack, and the most intense anxiety was felt, lest some premature movement should disconcert the plan. 2. According to a preconcerted plan, Andre*, the emissary of Clin- ton, met Arnold clandestinely, to communicate to him the amount of recompense offered by the British Government, as the price of his per- fidy ; namely, promotion to the rank of Brigadier-General, and 30,000. 87. Cer't-US 9 sure, certain. 1. CERTIFICATE, n. (facio,) a written declaration. 1. CER'TIFY, v. to assure. ASCERTAIN', v. to find out for a certainty (11-3). CER'TAIN, a. sure (510-4). 1. A certificate from a physician, to certify that a death was pro- duced by natural means, is necessary before the body can be interred. 88. Char'ta (kar'-ta), paper. 1. CHART, n. a sheet of paper, or pasteboard, on which in- formation is presented. CHAR'TER, n. an instrument from the sovereign power bestowing rights and privi- leges (112-3). EECHAR'TERING, part, grant- ing again the rights and privileges (11-4). 1. There was no map nor chart of America, in the sixteenth century, that was not full of errors. 89. Cirig-o, I gird. Cinc't-um, to gird. 1. PRE'CINCT, n. limit. | SUCCINCT', a. concise (86-1). 1. In 1621, Massasoit, covered with a profusion of ornament, came within the precinct of the Plymouth Settlement to make a treaty of peace. 90. Ci'n-is (drier-is), ashes. 1. INCINERA'TION, n. the act of burning to ashes. 2. INCIN'ERATE, v. to reduce to ashes. 1. It is easy to distinguish anthracite from bituminous coal, by the ashes which are produced by incineration. 2. It is difficult to incinerate the slate that is found with coal. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 89 91. Cir'c-US, a circle. Cir'cul-US, a little circle. 1. CIR'CULATE, v. to move in a circle. 2. CIRCULA'TION, n. the act of moving in a circle. ENCIR'CLE, v. to form a circle about (532-2). CIR'CULAK, a. like a circle (20-3). 1. Fresh air and exercise cause the blood to circulate rapidly. 2. When Dr. Jenner attempted to convince any one that his theory of the circulation of the blood was correct, his auditor generally listened with an incredulous smile. 92. Ci't-o, I rouse, I call forth. Cita't-um, to rouse, to call forth. 7. CITA'TION, n. an official no- 1. CI'TED,^. summoned into court. 2. EXCIT' ABLE , a. easily stirred up. 3. RECITA'TION, n. rehearsal. 3. INCITE', v. to animate. 4. BESUS'CITATE, v. to enliven. 5. INCITEMENT, n. impulse. 6. CITE, v. to quote. tice to appear in court. 8. KECITE', v. to repeat, to say, as a lesson. EXCITE', v. stir up (18-3). EXCITE'MENT, n. agitation (77-1). RECIT'AL, n. rehearsal (24-2). 1. When Parliament cited Charles to appear before them, he was at first indignant at the dishonor cast upon him ; but, recovering his com- posure, he prepared for his journey. 2. When Charles I. appeared before the Parliament, everything was portentous of evil; the hope of ultimately obtaining his release was given up by his most sanguine friends, when they saw the excitable mob, clamorous for his death. 3. The recitation of deeds of valor by some itinerant musician, or wandering bard, was calculated to incite the Scots to the highest pitch of enthusiasm. 4. To resuscitate a drowned person, remedial measures should be applied promptly and without intermission. 5. To be able to educate their children according to the dictates of con- science, was all the incitement necessary to lead the Puritans to endure the hardships incident to immigration. 6. Aristotle, (ar / is-tot-l,) the disciple of Plato, loved to cite the say- ings of his master. 7. Between the citation and arraignment of Lord William Russell, for treason, and his execution, only eight days elapsed. 8. In oriental countries, all the pupils of a school are required to re- cite, or say over their lessons aloud, for the purpose of learning them. 90 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 3. CIV'ILIZE, v. to reclaim from a savage state. CIT'IZEN, n. an inhabitant of a. state or city (12-1). CIV'IL, a. relating to the community (76-3). 93. Ci!v-is 9 a citizen. 1. Civ'ic, a. relating to civil honors. 2. CIVIL'IAN, n. one versed in political affairs. 3. CIVILIZA'TION, n. the state of a civilized people. 1. When the Duke of Monmouth was a claimant for the throne, sev- eral cities in the south of England loaded him with civic honors, doubt- less expecting special favors should he become King. 2. The Secretary of State should not only be a civilian, but should be well versed in military affairs. 3. The civilization of the United States has never tended to civil- ize the Indians, but rather to extirpate them. 94. Cla'm-o, I cry out, I shout. Clama't-um, to cry out, to shout. 1. ACCLAMA'TION, n. a shout expressive of assent. 2. DECLAMA'TION, n. exercise in public speaking. 3. RECLAIM', v. to reform. 4. PKOCLAMA'TION, n. publica- tion by authority. 4. DISCLAIM', v. to deny the possession of any charac- ter. CLAIM'ANT, n. one that de- mands a right (93-1). CLAM'OKOUS, a. loudly im- portunate, noisy (92-2). CLAIM, n. demand of a right (290-2). EXCLAIMED', v. uttered with earnestness (5-1). PEG-CLAIM', v. publish by au- thority (see page 28). 1. In a convention to nominate a candidate for the Presidency, the nomination is made either by acclamation or by balloting. 2. Demosthenes made such strenuous efforts to overcome the defect in his vocal organs, that he became a model in declamation* 3. Many of the Virginians had previously led vagrant lives, and Smith's efforts to reclaim them were useless. 4. The President, in his proclamation, was careful to disclaim any designs upon Mexico. 95. Clandesti'n-us, secret. 1. CLANDESTINE, a. secret; un- derhand. CLANDESTINELY, adv. secretly (86-2). 1. "William Penn was charged with making clandestine visits to James II., who was living in seclusion in France. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 91 96, Cla'r-US, clear, shrill. 1. CLAR'ION, n. a shrill trum- pet. CLAR'IFYING, part- render- ing clear (1-4). DECLARATION, n. a proclama- tion (14-4). DECLARED', v. asserted ; pro- claimed authority (180-9). 1. As the clarion announced the return of the British from Concord, the militia began to collect at Lexington, determined to throw every impediment in their way. 97. Clas f S-is, a class. Clas'sid, the first or highest class of Roman citizens. 1. CLAS'SIC, CLASSICAL, a. re- lating to authors of the high- est rank, such as Virgil, Homer, and Milton. 2. CLAS'SIFY, v. to arrange in classes. 3. CLASSIFICATION, n. (facio,) arrangement in classes. 1. Milton must have been a diligent student of classic writers, as his juvenile pieces are replete with allusions to the Roman and Greek authors. 2. At the organization of the Government, it was necessary to clas- sify the Senate, so that one-third vacate their seats every second year. 3. The classification of the Senate gives at all times a large majority familiar with the mode of transacting business. 98. Clau'd-o, or clu'd-o, I shut, I close. Clan's- cum, or clu's-um, to shut, to close. V. to shut up 1. SECLUDE', apart. 1. CLOIS'TER, n. a monastery. 2. PRECLUDE', v. to prevent. 3. CLAUSE, n. a separate por- tion of a written paper. SECLU'SION, n. retirement (95). CONCLUSIVE, a. decisive (65-12). CONCLUSION, n. final deci- sion (85-3). INCLUD'ED, v. comprehended (290-2). CONCLUDE', v. decide (see page 29). 1. In 1556, the Emperor Charles V. determined to abdicate, and Seclude himself in a cloistT 9 hoping to enjoy that felicity which the possession of imperial power was unable to impart. 2. In order to preclude the possibility of a Stuart coming to the throne, an act was passed settling the crown on Sophia. Henrietta, granddaughter of Charles I., determined to protest against the act of succession. 3. By a clause in the will of Henry VIII., a council of sixteen wag appointed during the minority of Edward VI. 92 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 99. Clemens (demerit-is), mild, merciful. INCLEM'ENT, a. stormy (24-2). | CLEM'ENCY, n. mercy (30-3). 100. Cli'n-o, I bend, I lie down. Clina't-um, to bend, to lie down. 1. lNCLiNA'TiON,rc.propensity. 2. CLIN'ICAL, a. pertaining to a bed. DECLINA'TION, n. distance of the sun from the equator (169-9). DECLINE' (see page 29). KECLINE' (see page 29). 1. "If my son shows any inclination to dissent from the Church of England," said Admiral Penn, " I will not hesitate to disinherit him." 2. Medical students derive great benefit from clinical lectures at the hospitals. 101. Cli'v-US, an ascent, a hill. 1. PROCLIV'ITY, n. proneness. I DECLIV'ITY, n. descent ; a de- 2. ACCLIV'ITY, n. ascent. I scending surface (74-2). 1. The proclivity of the Indians to the use of ardent spirits, tends to deteriorate their character, and reduce them to the lowest rank in society. 2. As the British ascended the acclivity , Prescott ordered his men to reserve their fire. 102. Co'dex (cod'ic-is), the trunk of a tree ; a will. 1. COD'ICIL, n. a supplement CODE, n. a collection or digest to a will. of laws (57-4). 1. King Eichard's procrastination in altering his will endangered the succession ; but on his death-bed he added a codicil 9 giving the kingdom to his brother. 103. Co'l-O, I cultivate. Cul't-um, to cultivate. Colo'n-US, a tiller, a husbandman. 1. CUL'TIVATE, v. to till. 2. COL'ONISTS, n. settlers in a colony. COL'ONIES, n. settlements abroad which are subject to the parent state (11-6). 1. In the reign of Richard, a peasant employed by a baron to culti- vate his land, found a ponderous chest filled with money. 2. Had not Pocahontas given to one of the colonists an intimation of the inhuman plot to exterminate the white race in Virginia, it would have been entirely destroyed. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 93 104. Co'lor, color, hue, tint. 1. COL'OR, n. hue, tint; that which gives color. 2. DISCOLORA'TION, n. altera- tion of hue or tint. 1. Black is the absence of color, and white the combination of all colors. 2. When the cuttle-fish is pursued, it throws out a brownish-black liquor ; the discoloration of the water enables it to elude observation. 105. Co'mes (com 'it-is ), a companion. Co'mis, affable. 1. COM'ITY, n. kindness of manner. 2. CONCOM'ITANT, a. going with. 3. COUNT, n. a nobleman of the rank of an Earl. VIS'COUNT, n. a nobleman below an Earl (427-1). 1. The comity shown by Louis XIV. to the destitute James, would have been no obstacle to the continuance of peace, had not Louis induced James to invade Ireland. 2. The defeat at Long Island, with all the concomitant circum- stances, was the cause of great mental distress to every patriot. 3. Count Andrassy represented Austria in the Berlin Congress, and Bismarck represented Germany. 106. Concil'i-UWl, an assembly ; a council. 1. CONCILIATORY, a. fitted to allay angry feelings. CONCIL'IATING, p. winning to friendship (69-2). COUN'CIL, n. an assembly held for consultation (86-1). KEC'ONCILE, v. to bring to ac- quiescence (241-1). 1. Many Tories, -in 1775, fearing the confiscation of their property, advocated conciliatory measures. 107. Co'pi-a, plenty. 1. COKNUCO'PIA, n. (cornu,) horn of plenty. 1. All the productions common to the latitude of Alabama, are found in such abundance in that State, that a cornucopia was placed on the coat of arms. 108. Co'qu-o, I boil. Coc't-um, to boil. 1. CONCOCT', v. to devise. boiling anything to extract 2. DECOC'TION, n. the act of its virtues. 1. In the war of 1812, Tecumseh went through the frontiers of Ala~ bama and Georgia, to concoct a scheme for a general war. 2. Whether tea should be prepared by infusion or decoction 9 is a disputed point with housekeepers. 94 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 109. Cor (cor'd-is), the heart. 1. CONCORDANCE, n. an index of words contained in a book. 2. COR'DIAL, a. sincere. 3. COR'DIAL, n. anything that gladdens the heart. 3. DISCOUR'AGED, a. disheart- ened. 4. CORDIAL'ITY, n. sincerity. 4. ACCORDANCE, n. agreement. DISCOUR'AGEMENT, n. that which deters (73). COUR'AGE, n. boldness (509-4). KEC'ORD, n. register (558-3). 1. By referring to a Concordance of the Bible, it is easy to find any text. 2. William was received in the most cordial manner by the Parlia- ment. 3. The best cordial that Columbus could administer to his dis- couraged men, was the cry of " Land ahead ! " 4. William of Orange was received with great cordiality by the people of England, whose views were in accordance with his own. 110. Cor'nu, a horn, a trumpet. 1. COR'NET, n. a sort of trum- pet. 1. When the immense concourse were gathered together to dedicate the image which Nebuchadnezzar had set up, a herald was heard to iterate the words, " At the sound of the cornet 9 &c., ye fall down and worship." 111. Coro'n-a, a crown. 1. CROWN, n. an ornament worn on the head by a sov- ereign. 1. CORONA'TION, n. the act of crowning. 2. COR'ONET, n. an inferior CORNUCO'PIA, n. (copia,) horn of plenty (107). crown worn by the nobility. 3. COR'ONER, n. an officer to inquire into the cause of violent deaths. CORO'NA, n. a luminous ap- pearance which surrounds the dark body of the moon during a total eclipse (642). COR'OLLARY, n. an inference (298-1). 1. The elegant crown, resplendent with jewels, which Victoria wore at her coronation, is kept in the Tower of London. 2. The coronet of a British Duke is adorned with strawberry leaves. 3. In large cities, the office of Coroner is no sinecure. 112. Cor'p-us (cor'por-is), a body. 1. COR'PORAL, n. the lowest of- ficer over a body of soldiers. one body. 2. COR'PORATE, a. united into LATIN DERIVATIVES. 95 3. CORPORATION, n. a body politic. 4. CORPO'REAL, a. not imma- terial. 5. COR'PULENT, a. bulky ; very fleshy in proportion to the frame of the body. COR'PUSCLE, n. a minute body (27-1). CORPULENCY, n. excessive fat- ness (1-5). HA'BEAS-COR'PUS, n. (habeo,) person a writ to bring a into court (307-2). 1. "A corporal's guard" is an expression used to denote a small body of soldiers which usually accompany a corporal. 2. When an association desire to become a corporate body they apply to the Legislature or a court for a charter. 3. In 1629, the king granted a charter to the Plymouth Colony, and the corporation received the name of the " Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England." 4. So sanctimonious was Becket, when he became Archbishop, that he appeared unconscious of the fact that he possessed a corporeal nature. 5. Henry VIII. , towards the close of his life, became very corpulent. 113. Cras, to-morrow. 1. PROCRASTINATE, v. to put PROCRASTINATION, n. defer- off. ring (102). 1. Lee intended to increase the guard, but, accustomed to defer and procrastinate 9 he neglected it ; a long imprisonment was the result of his delinquency. 114. Cre'd-o, I believe. 1. CRE'DENCE, n. belief. 2. CRED'IT, n. trust. 3. CRED'IBLE, a. worthy of belief. 3. CREDENTIALS, n. those things which give title to belief. Cred' it-urn, to believe. CRED'ULOUS, a. apt to be- lieve (45). INCREDU'LITY, n. slowness of belief (45). INCREDIBLE, a. not to be be- lieved; not worthy of credit . (31-2). 1. Arnold had appeared so conscientious in the discharge of his duty, and so energetic in the defense of Danbury, that few could give cr e- dence to the report of his treason. 2. Such was the reputation of Robert Morris, that, when Government credit was low, he could obtain on his own security a large amount of money. 3. It seemed scarcely cr edible 9 that one of the legation to France, possessing the .proper credentials 9 should be rejected, while his col- league was received. A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 115. Cre'-o, I create. Crea't-uin, to create. 1. CREA'TOR, n. God, the maker 2. RECREA'TIONS, n. amuse- ments. 3. CKEAT'UKE, n. an animal ; anything with life. of all things. 1. CR-EA'TION, n. the act of bringing into existence. 1. Dryden, in one of his poems, represents a sapient deist acknowledg- ing God as the creator, but denying that he has given to man any revelation of the creation. 2. Formerly, the higher classes in England devoted a great deal of time to recreations, calculated to invigorate the constitution. 3. There is scarcely any creature, whose habits are more interesting than those of the ant. 116. Cre'p-o, I sound, I rattle. Crep'it-um, to sound, to rattle. 1. DISCREPANCY, n. inconsist- 2. DECREPITUDE, n. feebleness ency. produced by age. 1. There was a great discrepancy in the reports of the battle of Stillwater, as given by Gates and Arnold. 2. The gradual decay of the body, with the decrepitude which years produce, is beautifully described by Shakespeare. 117. Cres'c-o, I grow. Cre't-um, to grow. 1. ExcREs'cENCE,n. something growing unnaturally out of something else. 2. ORES' CENT, n. a figure the shape of the new moon (used as the Turkish stand- ard). 3. ACCRUES', v. arises. INCREASE', v. to augment (75-7). 1. A nutgall is an excrescence of the oak ; a small quantity will give a black tint. 2. The Crescent has waved over Constantinople since 1453, when the city was taken by the Turks. 3. All the revenue which accrues from taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, goes into the treasury of the United States. 118. Cri'men (crim'in-is), a crime, an accusation. 1. RECRIM'INATION, n. return of one another. accusation with 2. RECRIM'INATE, v. to retort a charge. CRIM'INAL, an offender against law ; a malefactor ; a convict (31-3). CRIME, n. a violation of the law (57-1). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 97 1. The constant quarrelling and recrimination of Mason and the people of New Hampshire continued until 1686. 2. Commodore Barren's impulsive nature led him, when charged with cowardice, to recriminate^ and from this and subsequent events there resulted a duel, in which Decatur received a mortal wound. 119. Cru'd-us, unripe, raw. Crude'l-is, cruel. 1. CRUDE, a. unripe ; not come CRU'EL, a. causing unneces- to a perfect state. sary pain (216-3). 1. Fruit, which is wholesome in its maturity, will produce indigestion if taken when immature, or in a crude state. 120. Crux (cru'c-is), a cross. 1. CRU'CIAL, a. severe. 2. EXCRU'CIATING, a. ex- tremely painful. 3. CRU'CIBLE, n. a chemical melting-pot. 3. CROSS, n. an instrument of torture. 4. CRU'CIFORM, a. (forma,) having the form of a cross. 5. CRUSADE', n. a hostile ex- pedition undertaken for re- ligious motives. EXCRU'CIATE, V. to put to severe pain (290-3). 1. To an ambitious man like Wolsey, the crucial trial was the indignity cast upon him personally. 2. The Covenanters of Scotland were subjected to the most excruci" ating torture to extort from them a denial of their faith. 3. Ancient alchemists, searching for the philosopher's stone, marked the crucible with a cross. 4. St. Mark's, at Venice, like most of the cathedrals, is cruciform 9 the transept and nave forming the Greek cross. 5. The desire to join the Crusade spread from the cities to the rural districts, and even coy and timid children started for the Holy Land. 121. Cu'b-o, or cum'b-o, I lie down. Cu'Mt-tvm, the elbow. 1. ENCUM'BER, v. to oppress with a burden. 2. lNCUM'BENT,a.restingupon. 3. KECUM'BENT, a. lying. 4. ENCUM'BRANCE, n. a bur- den. SUCCUMB', v. sink under a difficulty (11-7). 1. The Navigation Laws of England seemed devised to encumber the colonies, and provoke them to act on the defensive. 2. It is incumbent on Congress so to legislate, that the laws shall tend to establish the fundamental principles of our government. 9 G , 98 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 3. The arrogant Duke of Monmouth, after his defeat in 1685, was glad to assume a recumbent position in a ditch, where he had time to re- pent of his presumption and folly. 4. Those who contended in the Olympic Games, were careful to prac- tise the strictest temperance, and to lay aside every encumbrance that might impede their progress. 122. Cul'p-a, a fault, blame. 1. EXCUL'PATE,^. to clear from blame. 2. CUL'PABLE, a. blamable ; worthy of blame. 1. St. Glair hoped to exculpate himself, for the management of the expedition, which resulted in such a disastrous defeat. 2. The seizure of Osceola, under a flag of truce, was considered a most culpable and fraudulent act. 123. Cu'mul-US, a heap. 1. CUMULATIVE, a. piled up; 2. ACCUMULATED, to heap up; increasing by additions. to collect. 1. As the evidence against Arnold became more and more cumula- tive, no doubt existed that he would be convicted of maladministration of his office. 2. The desire of Henry VII. to accumulate wealth, led him to undertake an enterprise under the direction of John Cabot. 124. Cu'ra, cure. 1. PROCUREMENT, n. tbe act of procuring. 2. CU'RIOUS, a. rare. 3. PROX'Y, n. agency of an- other. 4. CU'RABLE, a. admitting of a remedy. SI'NECURE, n. a position which gives income without employment (111-3). ACCURATE, a. exact ; free from error (15-1). CU'RATE, n. a clergyman hired to do duty for another (57-3). PROCURE', v. to obtain (39). SECU'RITY, n. assurance (114- 2). SECURE', v. to make sure (85- 1). 1. The procurement of a charter for Connecticut, from such a vol- atile and voluptuous monarch as Charles II., required great tact. 2. By a fortuitous circumstance, Winthrop had in his possession a curious ring, the gift of Charles I. The king at first ordered that the application should receive a negative answer, but, at sight of the ring, he was induced to countermand the order, and to grant the charter. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 99 3. The courtship of Charles II. having been performed by proxy 9 it is not remarkable that he did not find his wife very congenial. 4. Smith, fearing that the contusion, from which he was suffering, would be no longer curable^ returned to England. 125. Cur'r-o, I run. Cur's-um, to run. 1. CUE/RENT, a. passing. 1. CUR'RENCY, n. money. 2. PRECUR'SOR, n. forerunner. 3. CUR'SORY, a. hasty. 4. COU'RIER, n. messenger sent in haste. 5. DISCOURSE', n. speech. 5. DISCUR'SIVE, a. rambling. 6. RECOURSE', n. application for aid. 6. SUC'COR, n. help in distress. 6. INCUR'SION, n. invasion. 7. EXCURSION, n. expedition. 8. CAREER', n. course. 9. OCCURRENCE, n. event. CONCURRENCE, n. combina- tion of circumstances (23). CON'COURSE, n. assembly of persons (110). COURSE, n. policy (85-3). CONCUR', v. agree (page 29). ,^. happen (page 29). 1. The debasing of the current coins, or the counterfeiting of the currency of a country, is a crime, punishable with imprisonment and fine. 2. John, the precursor of Christ, is thought by many to have bap- tized by immersion. 3. On a cursory examination, Columbus decided that the land he had discovered was the East Indies ; it was impossible for him to realize the immense extent of ocean which lay between. 4. When the courier announced the surrender of Cornwallis, it was past midnight in Philadelphia, and the inhabitants, who did not antici- pate such tidings, were astonished to hear the watchman calling "Past 12 o'clock, Cornwallis surrendered." 5. An extemporaneous discourse is generally more discursive than one delivered from manuscript. 6. The ancient Britons suffered so dreadfully from a predatory incur- sion of the Picts and Scots, that they had recourse to the Consul of Gaul, whom they prayed, in the most abject terms, to send them succor. 7. Queen Victoria has, for many years, made a summer excursion to Balmoral (bal-mo'-ral) ; the salubrity of the climate, and the reverential affection of the people, make these visits very agreeable to the royal/amity. 8. The career of Columbus is an excellent exemplification of the transitory nature of worldly honor. 9. The bursting of the Peace-maker, which resulted from some error in the construction, was a most lamentable occurrence. 100 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 126. Cur'v-us, crooked. 1. CURVE, a. bent without having any angles; crooked, curved. 2. CURVILIN'EAR, a. (linea,) consisting of curve lines. 3. INCURV'ATE, v. to bend. 1. Any part of the curve line, which forms a circle, is called an arc. 2. Meridians are curvilinear 9 although on the map they may be represented as straight. 3. Persons engaged in sedentary occupations, should be careful not to incurvate the spine, but to maintain an erect posture. 127. Cus't-OS (custo'd-is), a keeper. 1. CUS'TODY, n. imprisonment. 1. In 1605, a tremendous excitement was produced in England by the discovery of a conspiracy to destroy both houses of Parliament, by an explosion of gunpowder. Guy Fawkes was taken into custody, and efforts were made to implicate a peer of the realm. 128. Cur^t-us, short. 1. CUKT, a. short, crusty. | 1. CURT'NESS, n. shortness. 1. "What can I do for you?" said Alexander to Diogenes. "Stand from between me and the sunshine," was the curt reply. When asked " What can you do? " Diogenes replied, with curtness, " I can govern men ; therefore sell me to some one who needs a master." 129. Cu't-is, the skin. v 1. CUTA'NEOUS, a. affecting the skin. 1. The Israelites, dreading the contagion of cutaneous diseases, were very careful not to inhale the breath of a leper, or come in contact with one in any way. 130. Dam'n-um, harm, loss. 1. INDEMNIFY, v. to reim- burse. DAM' AGE, n. injury (28-3). INDEMNIFICATION, n. (fa- cio,) reimbursement of loss (28-3). INDEM'NITY, n. compensation for loss (277). CONDEMN', v. to give sentence against (82-1). CONDEMNATION, n. act of con- demning (181). 1. The spoliation bill paid by France in 1835, was intended to in- demnify the United States for injury done to her commerce from 1794 to 1810. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 101 131. Deb'-eo, I owe. Deb'it-um, to owe. 1. DEBT'OR, n. the person who 2. DEB'IT, v. to charge with owes another. debt. 1. The bankrupt law, repealed in 1878, secured to the debtor an ab- solute release from his obligation to pay. 2. Edward III. determined to debit John of Gaunt with the expenses of the war in Castile. 132. De'c-em, ten. 1. DECEN'NIAL, a. (annus,) I DEC'IMAL, n. a fraction pro- happening every ten years. | ceeding by tens (492). 1. The decennial enumeration of our population, shows that the immigrant generally settles in the interior, rather than in the maritime portions of the country. 133. De'cen-s (decen't- 1. DE'CENCY, n. propriety of conduct; quality of being suitable in behavior. 2. DECO'RUM, n. propriety of behavior. 3. DEC'ORATE, v. to adorn. 1. After the deposition of Edward II., his treatment showed a total want of kindness, or even decency 9 and a determination to kill him by ill usage. 2. The attendants of Charles I. acted in his presence with the greatest decorum. 3. To decorate St. Paul's, was the great delight of its architect, Sir Christopher Wren. 134. Dens (derit-is), a tooth. 1. INDENT'UKE, n. a mutual agreement, a copy of which is held by each party. 2. DENT'IST, n. one who oper- ates upon teeth. 3. INDENT', v. to cut into points or inequalities. DEN'TIFRICE, n. (frico, to rub,) a powder for cleaning the teeth (498-3). 1. In the reign of James I., the indenture of an apprentice usually contained an express stipulation of the quantity of beer allowed. 2. Formerly, the dentist and the barber were identical; the ability to extract a tooth, being the only dental knowledge necessary. 3. Anciently, it was customary to indent the paper on which the contract for an apprentice was written. 9* 102 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 135. Deris-us, thick, close. 1. CONDENSATION, n. compres- sion. 1. DEN'SITY, n. compactness. 2. CONDENSE', v. to compress. DENSE, a. compact ; opposed to rare (475-1). 1. The application of cold, to solidify a fluid, usually produces con- densation; but the density of ice is less than that of water. 2. To write acceptably for the daily press, a person must be able to condense, and to seize on the salient points of a subject. 136. Dete'rior, worse. 1. DETERIORATION, n. the DETERIORATE, v. to make state of having grown worse. I worse (101-1). 1. The deterioration of Spain as a nation is easily seen, if we compare its present and past condition. 137. De'-us, God. DE'ITY, n. the Divine being. The nature and essence of God (68-2). DE'IST, n. one who believes in God, but denies revelation (115-1). 138. Dex'ter, pertaining to the right hand, expert. 1. DEXTER'ITY, n. expertness. 2. DEX'TEROUS, a. expert ; skil- ful and active. 3. AMBIDEX'TER, n. (ambo, both,) one who uses both hands with equal facility. 1. The jugglers of India exhibit a dexterity 9 in every manoeuvre, which is perfectly marvellous. 2. Alexander, by a dexterous movement, seized the bridle of Bu- cephalus, and, by gentle treatment, soon made him tractable. 3. It is evident, that for many kinds of work, it is necessary to have an expert workman, who is an ambidexter. 139. Di'c-o, I devote, I show. Dica't-um, to devote, to show. 1. IN'DICATE, v. to show. 2. INDICA'TION, n. token. 3. IN'DEX, n. a table of contents. PRED'ICABLE, a. capable of being affirmed (231-4). DEDICATE, v. to consecrate (110). AB'DICATE, v. to resign ; to surrender formally, as a crown (98-1). 1. "Everything," says John Robinson, in his diary, "seems to indi- cate that we must leave Holland." 2. It is impossible to surmount the difficulties of our social position, LATIN DERIVATIVES. 103 which tend to demoralize our children ; every indication of Providence points to America as our refuge. 3. A scientific book is often much improved by the addition of an in- dex and vocabulary. 140. Di'c-o, I say. Dic't-um, to say. 1. DIC'TION, n. style. 2. DICTATORIAL, a. over- bearing. 3. CONTRADICTION, n. opposi- tion; denial. 4. CONTRADICTORY, a. in op- position to. 5. INDICT', v. to charge by formal accusation. 6. MALEDIC'TION, n. (malus,) a curse. 7. E'DICT, n. proclamation of command or prohibition. 8. DIC'TUM, n. assertion. 9. IN'TERDICT, n. a prohibi- tion of the Pope. 10. INDITE', v. to compose. 11. DICTIONARY, n. a vocab- ulary. 12. VER'DICT, n. (verus,) de- cision. DIC'TATES, n. an author- itative rule (92-5). DICTA'TOR, n. a Roman magistrate (15-2). PREDICT', v. foretell (22-5). 1. To acquire a pure diction, read the works of the " Augustan Age." 2. The disposition of Henry VIII. was irascible, and his manner dic- tatorial. 3. When an invalid, Henry VIII. would not endure the slightest contradiction. 4. Catharine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII., was generally able to mollify him ; but one day she gave him an answer, which was con- tradictory to some of his opinions. 5. Excited by Bishop Gardiner's insinuation that it was derogatory to the conjugal relation, to allow such an act, Henry ordered the Chancellor to indict her. 6. The prudent and sagacious Catharine managed so adroitly, that the .malice of the King was directed against the Bishop, on whom he pro- nounced a bitter malediction. 7. Every avocation in France suffered when Louis XIV. was induced to revoke the edict of Nantes. 8. "The proof of the rotundity of the earth," said Columbus, "does not rest on my dictum , but on three facts, obvious to all ; deride as you please, but give rne some ships, and I will demonstrate the truth of what I assert." 9. In the reign of King John, England was laid under an Interdict* 10. W. H. Prescott, notwithstanding his blindness, was able to indite such erudite works as the History of Mexico, etc. 104 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 11. A good dictionary 9 such as Webster's or Worcester's Unabridged, not only gives the meaning, but a sentence containing the word, as a model. 12. Sentence of death was pronounced on Charles I. the same day that the verdict was rendered. 141. Di'-es, a day. 1. DIUK'NAL, a. daily. 2. DI'AL, n. face of a time- piece. 2. MEEID'IAN, n. (medius,) noon. DI'ARY, n. a journal (139-1). MERID'IANS,. (medius,) great circles passing through the poles and cutting the equa- tor at right angles (126-2). 1. The diurnal rotation of the earth upon its axis produces the change of day and night. 2. At all places between the polar circles, in the same longitude, the sun dial will indicate meridian at the same instant. 142. Dig'it-llS, a finger ; a finger's breadth. 1. DI'GIT, n. any one of the figures from 1 to 9. 1. Is the cipher to be considered a digit? No ; there are but nine digits. 143. Dig'n-us, worthy. Digna't-us, thinking worthy. 1. DIG'NIFY, v. to advance to honor. 2. CONDIGN', a. merited. 3. DEIGN, v. condescend. 4. DISDAIN', v. to contemn. DIG'NITY, n. nobleness (56-2). INDIG'NITY, n. injury accom- panied by insult (120-1). INDIG'NANT, a. angry and dis- gusted (92-1). 1. The Queen determined to dignify the architect of the Crystal Palace by making him a Baronet. 2. On the arrest of Andre", a conference was held, and it was decided that condign punishment must be visited on all concerned. 3. Many, who would not deign to notice Columbus when he left Spain, were willing to ennoble him on his return. 4. To disdain or despise the poor, because of their poverty, is to re- flect dishonor on the Creator. 144. Dilu'vi-um, a deluge, a flood. 1. DEL'UGE, n. a flood. who lived before the flood ANTEDILU'VIANS, n. those (7-1). 1. According to Usher's chronology, the deluge occurred 1656 A.M. or 2348 B.C. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 106 145. Discip'ul-us, a learner. 1. DISCIPLINE, n. training, DISCI'PLE, n. a follower ; an physical or mental. adherent (92-6). 1. Parental discipline was formerly so rigid, that a child was not allowed to sit, in presence of the parent, without permission. 146. Di'v-US, a god ; God. 1. DIVINA'TION, n. foretelling. 2. DIVINE', a. having the na- ture of God. 3. DIVINE', n. a theologian. DIVIN'ITY, n. the science of divine things (49-2). 1. Fortune-tellers profess to practise divination with the sediment of coffee, the lines of the hand, wych-hazel, etc. 2. The idea of the existence of a divine being, seems to be innate in the human mind. 3. * Dr. Biles, a celebrated divine of Boston, was noted for his humor. In order to illuminate the darkness of their streets, the Selectmen of Boston had imported lamps from England, which, according to the usual practice, they proceeded to suspend from the lamp-posts by chains.. There was, at this time, a religious sect called " New Lights." One of these, a matron, noted for her illiberality , had annoyed the doctor with her lo- quacity and inquisitive disposition. Meeting this lady one day, the fol- lowing colloquy took place : " Madam, have you heard the important news ? " " News ! What news ? " " I do not wish to grieve you," said the doctor ; " but a number of ' New Lights ' arrived this morning, and the Selectmen have ordered them all to be put in irons ! " " Doctor, are you certain of this?" "Madam," said the doctor, with imperturbable gravity, " I can testify to the truth of the statement, for I saw one of them hanging. But, remember, this is entirely confidential" " Oh ! certainly," said madam ; and with an abrupt "good-by," the lady hurried off to spread the intelligence. 147. Do, I give. Da't-um, to give. Do'n-um, a gift. 1. KEN'DER, v. to furnish. 2. DONEE', n. one who receives a gift. 3. DO'NOB, n. giver. CONDI'TION, n. state (11-3). DONA'TION, n. gift (36). ADDI'TION, n. increase (1-6). ED'ITOR, n. one who pub- lishes (54-2). UNCONDI'TIONAL, a. without terms (11-8). SURREN'DER, n. giving up (11-8). ADD, v. to join to (560). * When scholars are required to combine a word contained in a long paragraph, they should make a clear, distinct statement similar to the model given. Dr. Biles, meeting a very loquacious lady, a witty colloquy took place Dr. Biles could preserve the most imperturbable gravity, while saying the funniest things. 106 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. When the French Government was unwilling to render any aid, Lafayette offered his services to the American cause. 2. Congress, grateful for the generous conduct of Lafayette, deter- mined to make him the donee of a large tract of land. 3. Boston and Philadelphia are greatly indebted to Franklin, who was the donor of 2000, the nucleus of the Philadelphia Library, and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 148. Do'c-eo, I teach. Doc't-um, to teach. 1. DOCIL'ITY, n. teachableness. 2. DOC'TRINE, n. that which is taught. 3. DOC'ILE, a. teachable ; will- ing to learn. DOC'TOR, n. one who has re- ceived a diploma ; a teacher (49-2). DOC'UMENT, n. a paper con- taining evidence (11-5). 1. The most inveterate, enemy of Charles I. longed to condole with him in the grief occasioned by the death of his little daughter, whose do- cility and ingenuousness had won the love of all who knew her. 2. Many Pagans admit the doctrine, that a part of man is immortal, even though they believe in the annihilation of the body. 3. A docile disposition in infancy and youth is the best indication of a learned old age. 149. Do'le-O, I grieve ; I am in pain. DOLE'FUL, a. sorrowful (68-3). | CONDOLE' (see page 29). 150. Dom'in-US 9 a master ; a lord. 1. DOMIN'ION, n. sovereign power. DOMINATION, n. tyranny (65-9). DOMINEER', v. to rule with in- solence (22-3). PREDOMINATE, v. to prevail over (27-1). 1. When the Colonies determined to throw off the dominion of Great Britain, the dominant power in Boston held Tory principles. 151. Do'm-0, I subdue, I tame. Dom'it-UWl, to sub- due, to tame. 1. UNDAUNT'ED, a. not intim- idated. INDOM'ITABLE, a. not to be subdued (71-2). UNDAUNT'EDLY, adv. intrep- idly (46). DAUNT'LESS, a. fearless; in- trepid (618-1). 1. De Soto, undaunted by the dangers that surrounded him, pressed forward to the Mississippi, which he discovered in 1541. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 107 152. Do'm-US, a house, a home. 1. DOMES'TICATE, v. to tame. [2. DOMICILE, n. mansion. 1. A man found a serpent in a dormant or torpid state, and took it home, intending to domesticate it; but he had reason to repent of his folly, when the reptile stung him. 2. Having indubitable proof, that the King was implacable, Wolsey re- signed his splendid domicile, and, disconsolate and dejected, sought the hospitality of Leicester Abbey, where he died. 153. Dor'm-io, I sleep. Dormi't-um, to sleep. DOR'MANT, (152-1). a. insensible DOR'MITORY, n. a sleeping- room (72). 154. Dor's-um, the back. 1. ENDORSE', v. to write one's name on the back of a paper. 1. To transfer a promissory note, it is necessary to endorse it. 155. Du'bi-um, doubt. Dubita f t-um, to doubt. DU'BIOUS, a. uncertain ; doubt- ful (75-3). INDU'BITABLE, a. not to be doubted (152-2). 156. Du'c-o, I lead. Duc't-um, to lead. 1. DUC'TILE, a. capable of be- ing drawn into a wire ; flex- ible. 2. CON'DUIT, n. a water-pipe. 3. CONDUCE', v. to tend. 4. ADDUCE', v. to bring for- ward. 4. DEDUCE', v. infer. 5. Due' AT, n. a silver coin worth about a dollar ; and a gold of twice the value. CON'DUCT, n. behavior ; deport- ment (11-1). DUKE, n. one of the highest order of nobility (111-2). ED'UCATE, v. to bring up (92-5). INTRODUCTORY, a. preliminary (54-1). INDUCE' (see page 30). PRODUCE' (see page 30). KEDUCE' (see page 30). 1. The ductile quality of gold, enables the artificer to attenuate it in a most remarkable degree. 2. A conduit, intended to supply Jerusalem with water, was made impervious by a cement, known only to the ancients. 3. Public schools ought to conduce to morality, as well as to general intelligence. 4. We are accustomed to adduce the tax upon tea, as the cause of 108 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. the Revolution, but there were many other acts of oppression, from which we can deduce the righteousness of the war. 5. In the " Merchant of Venice," Antonio agrees, that if every ducat is not paid, he will forfeit a pound of flesh. 157. Du'-o, two. 1. DUPLICATES, Duel'l-um, a fight between two. n. (plico,) copies ; things which exact- ly resemble other things. 2. DUODEC'IMO, n. (decem,) a book in which the sheet is folded into 12 leaves. DU'EL, n. a combat between two (51). DUPLIC'ITY, n. (plico,) decep- tion (71-2). DOUB'LY, adv. (plico,) in twice the degree (7-4). 1. Duplicates of letters had to be written by manual labor until a machine was invented to perform the operation. 2. Caxton published books of all sizes, from the cumbersome folio to the duodecimo, so convenient to peruse. 158. Du'r-US, hard. 1. DU'BABLE, a. lasting. OB'DUEATE, a. stubborn ; hard- 2. DURA'TION, n. continuance. ened in feelings (70-2). 3. OB'DUKACY, n. hardness of ENDURE', v. to undergo ; to heart. sustain (92-5). 1. So durable are some kinds of wood, that there are stone bridges in a state of dilapidation, while the wooden piles on which they rest are in a good state of preservation. 2. Who can comprehend the duration of Eternity f Or even the infinite distance that exists between us and the nearest constellation. 3. Tb&flagrancy of the crime, and the obduracy exhibited by Ra- vaillac, the murderer of "Good King Henry," made the people rejoice in his terrible punishment. 159. lfflri-U8 9 drunken. 1. INE'BBIATE, n. a drunkard. EBRI'ETY, n. drunkenness (51). SOBEI'ETY, n. freedom from in- toxication ; habitual tem- perance (75-7). 1. A home for the inebriate, in which he will be free from tempta- tion, is one of the noble charities of the age. 160. JE'd-es, a house, a building. 1. ED'IFY, v. to build up in ED'IFICE, n. (facio,) a building knowledge. (65-1). 1. The study of history tends to edify and enlarge the mind. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 109 161. E'd-O, I eat. 1. ED'IBLE, a. eatable. | 2. EDAC'ITY, n. voracity. 1. " What articles are edible? " inquires the naturalist. " Rats and birds'-nests," says the Chinaman. " Frogs," says the Frenchman. " Ran- cid oil," says the Esquimaux. " Old cheese," says the Englishman. Yet all these are disgusting to persons not accustomed to them. 2. The edacity of pachyderms, such as the elephant, rhinoceros, hip- popotamus, and tapir, is astonishing. 162. E'go, I. 1. E'GOTISM, n. talking much 2. EGOTIST'ICAL, a. self-con- of one's self. ceited. 1. In the first person, the plural we is often used, for the singular J, by editors, etc., to avoid the appearance of egotism. 2. To avoid appearing egotistical, the plural we is often used for the singular /, by reviewers, etc. 163. El'egans (elegarit-is), elegant. 1. EL'EGANCE, n. the state or quality of being elegant. 1. Elegance implies a select style of beauty, usually produced by art or skill. 164. E'm-o, I buy. Emp't-um, to buy. 1. EXEMP'TION, n. freedom from that to which others are subject. 2. PEK'EMPTORY, a. decisive. 3. REDEMPTION, n. ransom. 4. REDEEM', v. to ransom. 5. REDEEM' ABLE, a. capable of being redeemed. EXEMPT', v. to release; to take from (15-2). 1. Only two (Enoch and Elijah) of the human race, have had ex- emption from mortality. 2. The command to General Scott, in 1846, to proceed to Mexico, was so peremptory 9 that delay was impossible. 3. Richard, the " Lion-hearted," was so esteemed, that the English melted the silver in the churches to obtain the sum necessary for his redemption. 4. The brigands demanded a large sum to redeem the captive. 5. The bonds of the United States, called " five-twenties," were re~ deemable in either five or twenty years. 165. JEmlulus, a rival. 1. EMULA'TION, n. rivalry ; de- 2. EM'ULATE, v. to strive to sire to equal or excel, equal or excel. 10 110 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. The pleasure afforded by the possession of knowledge, ought to produce sufficient emulation among scholars. 2. Let the youth of America emulate the noble character of Wash- ington, in integrity, honesty, and self- sacrifice. 166. Ens (erit-is), being. (See Sum.) 167. J3i-o 9 I go. I't-um, to go. 1. AM'BIENT, a. floating on all sides. 2. EX'IT, n. departure. 3. INI'TIAL, a. placed at the beginning. 4. INITIATE, v. to introduce. 5. OBIT'UARY, a. relating to the decease of a person. 6. SEDI'TION, n. insurrection ; rebellion. CIR'CUIT, n. the division of a state visited by a j udge to hold periodical courts (475). CIRCU'ITOUS, a. indirect (72). AMBI'TION, n. desire for ad- vancement (42-3). TRAN'SITORY, a. passing quick- ly away (125-8). TRANSIENT, a. not lasting (48-1). 1. It is related of Constantine, that a flaming cross appeared to him in the heavens, and that, through the ambient air, there came a voice, saying, " By this, conquer." 2. The exit of some of the Eoyal Governors from the Colonies, was marked by acts calculated to inflame the minds of the people. 3. When a word begins with two consonants, the sounds of which will not coalesce, the initial consonant is silent ; as, knife. 4. The ancient alchemists, before consenting to initiate a novice into the mysteries of their craft, required him to make a solemn asseveration, never to divulge its secrets. 5. The obituary notices of Lord Brougham (broo'-am, or broo'm), in 1839, were so laudatory, that some thought he originated the false re- port of his own death, to see what contemporary writers would say of him. 6. William Penn was known to correspond with James II., and, con- sequently, was accused of sedition. 168. E'ques (eq'uit-is), a horseman. 2. EQ'UIPAGE, n. attendance, retinue. 1. EQUES'TRIAN, a. pertaining to horsemanship. 1. Equestrian exercises are promotive of health and vivacity, and are invaluable for those who are convalescent. 2. According to Ancient History, the equipage of Queen Zenobia was magnificent. LATIN DERIVATIVES. Ill 169. JEqn-lis 9 equal, just. 1. AD'EQUATE, a. equal to. 2. EQUA'TION, n. an expression of equality between quan- tities. 3. EQUILIBRIUM, n. (libra,) equality of weight. 4. EQ'UITY, n. justice. 5. EQUIVALENT, n. (valeo,) that which is of equal value. 6. EQUIV'OCATE, v. (voco,) to use words in a deceptive manner. 7. INIQ'UITY,. great wicked- ness. 8. EQUALIZE, v. to make alike in amount or degree. 9. EQUIDISTANT, a. (sisto,) at the same distance. 10. E'QUAL, a. neither greater nor less. EQUATORIAL, a. relating to the equator (180-11). EQUINOC'TIAL, a. (nox,) per- taining to the equinox (320). 1. In 1779, Prevost threatened Charleston ; although Lincoln feared that his force was not adequate to the emergency, he hastened to its relief, and in spite of the disparity of the forces, compelled the British to retreat. 2. An equation is not altered, if you perform the same operation on both sides. 3. The cultivation of the intellect tends to preserve the equilibrium of the mental and physical powers. 4. " The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity 9 arising under this Constitution." 5. William Penn considered it dishonorable to take anything from the Indians, without returning an equivalent. 6. Nathan Hale was able to penetrate into the very heart of the Brit- ish camp, but, on his return, was apprehended, and carried before the Provost. When the usual question, "Are you a spy?" was put to Nathan Hale, he scorned to equivocate, and merely answered " Yes." 7. The iniquity of the massacre of Wyoming, in 1778, has made the name of Col. John Butler infamous. 8. Congress has made an effort to equalize the bounties paid to the soldiers. 9. The tropics are two small circles, equidistant from the equator, which mark the limit of the sun's declination. 10. Two lines which are equal and parallel express equality ; thus, JErra't-lim, to wander. 4. ERRA'TA, n. errors in writ- ing or printing. ER'ROR, n. fault ; blunder (675-1). 170. Er'r-O, I wander. 1. ERRAT'IC, a. eccentric. 2. ERRO'NEOUS, a. incorrect. 3. ABERRA'TION, n. a wander- ing. 112 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. The erratic course of George III., greatly surprised the nation, until it was known that all the premonitory symptons of insanity had appeared. 2. Until Columbus proved it to be erroneous, the opinion was prev- alent, that the earth was a level plain. 3. Aberration of mind, was formerly attributed to lunar influences, and was, therefore, called lunacy. 4. The correction of errata in stereotype plates, involves a great deal of labor. 171. JEs'tim-o, I value. 1. ES'TIMATE, v. to compute. 2. ES'TIMABLE, a. worthy of esteem. 3. INESTIMABLE, a. above all price. EsTiMA'TiON,w.opinion(76). 1. It is hardly possible to estimate, properly, the value of the ter- ritory acquired by the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. 2. The estimable character of Rose Standish, consort of Miles Stan- dish, made her generally beloved in the Plymouth Colony. 3. The inestimable " right to a speedy and public trial, is a right belonging to the people, as individuals." 172. JEtier'n-US, without beginning or end. 1. ETER'NITY, n. continuance without beginning or end. 1. The ancients represented eternity by a serpent with its tail in its mouth. 173. JE'-vum, an age. 1. COE'VAL, n. existing at the same time. 3. LONGEVITY, n. (longus,) long duration of life (7- 2. PEJME'VAL, a. (primus,) primitive. 1. If, in a stratum of granite, we find the bones of a quadruped, or biped, it is fair to infer that those animals were coeval with the rocks. 2. Milton gives, in "Paradise Lost," a vivid description of the earth in its primeval state. 174. Exam! en (exam'in-is), a balance. 1. EXAMINING, part, investi- 2. EXAMINATION, n. investi- gating closely (22-5). gation (125-3). 175. Exemfpl-um, a pattern. 1. EXEMPLIFY, v. to illustrate by example. presented for inspection. 2. SAM'PLE,. specimen ; a part LATIN DERIVATIVES. 113 EXAM'PLE, n. pattern (75- 10). EX'EMPLARY, a. worthy of imi- tation (38). EXEMPLIFICATION, n. (facio,) illustration (125-8). UNEXAM'PLED, a. without pre- cedent (76-1). 1. The proficiency which Milton exhibited at college, served to ex- emplify the principle, that " ATTENTION is THE SECKET OF SUCCESS." 2. When, in 1791, a sample of anthracite coal was exhibited, peopl-e treated with derision the idea, that it was inflammable. 176. Exil'i-um, banishment from one's country. 1. EX'ILE, n. banishment. 1. Charles II. was too obtuse to profit by his experience in exile, during the Protectorate. 177. Ex'ter-us, outer. Exte'rior, outer. Extre'- m-WS 9 the outermost. Ex'tra, on the outside. 1. EXTE'RIOR, n. the outer part ; that which is external. 2. EXTER'NAL, a. outward. 3. EXTRA'NEOUS, a. not be- longing to a thing. 4. EXTREM'ITY, n. the utmost point. 5. EXTRIN'SIC, a. unessential, outward. STRANGE, a. peculiar (12-3). 1. The first view of the exterior of St. Peter's, usually disappoints the spectator. 2. The Supreme Being judges not by the external appearance, but by the heart. 3. As there was no surgeon to probe the wound of Smith, and remove any extraneous matter, he sought medical aid in England. 4. During the famine in Virginia, in 1610, the colonists were reduced to such extremity 9 that they devoured the skins of horses. 5. The favorable reception of Franklin, as ambassador to France, was attributable to no extrinsic aids or adventitious circumstances. 178. Fab'ric-0, I make or frame. 1. FAB'RIC, n. manufactured 2. FAB'RICATE, v. to manufac- cloth. ture. 1. We are indebted to a worm, for the beautiful fabric called silk, whose soft and pliable texture makes it so suitable for clothing. 2. The object of a tariff, is to induce the inhabitants of a country to fabricate everything they use. 10* H 114 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 179. Fa'ci-es, a face. 1. DEFACE', v. to disfigure. 2. FACE, n. the countenance ; 2. EFFACE', v. expunge. the visage. 1. To deface a building, or its enclosure, by scribbling, or by draw- ing any figure, or by whittling, is a vulgarism of which no person, hav- ing the slightest pretension to gentility, would be guilty. 2. A young man having been guilty of some immoral act, "Washing- ton deemed it his duty to remonstrate with him ; when the youth, greatly incensed, actually spit in his face. With the most perfect equanimity, Washington wiped it off, saying, " Young man, I wish you could efface the guilt from your soul, as easily as I can wipe this insult from my face. " 180. Fa!ci-o 9 1 do, I make. Fac't-um, to do, to make. 1. FAC'TION, n. a party op- posed to the Government. 2. AFFECTA'TION, n. artificial appearance. 3. EFFICA'CIOTJS, a. effectual. 4. OFFICIATE, v. to perform the duties of an office. 5. INFECT', v. taint with dis- ease. 6. SuR'FEiTED,^>ar. satiated. 7. DIFFICULTIES, n. embar- rassments. 8. DEFEC'TIVE, a. deficient. 9. PON'TIFF, n. (pons,) the pope. 10. FASH'iONS,n.modes, styles. 11. FEAT'URES, n. lineaments. AFFEC'TION, n. love (12-2). FAC'ULTIES, n. powers (8-2). DEFEAT', v. to overcome or to vanquish (57-5). DEFEC'TION, n. the act of aban- doning a cause (35-3). EFFECT', v. produce (1-5). FACILITATE, v. to render easy (475-1). FACIL'ITY, n. dexterity (26-2). FAC'TOEY, n. a place where things are manufactured (705-1). OF'FICEE, n. a person holding an office ; a person lawfully invested with an office (56- 5). SUFFICIENT, n. enough (11- 4). 1. In 1645, a faction, headed by Clayborne, caused much disturb- ance in Maryland. 2. When Pocahontas was in England, her simplicity, and freedom from affectation, won the love of all. 3. When a person has swallowed poison, the most efficacious rem- edy at hand, is usually the white of an egg, to neutralize the poison ; or mustard, in warm water, to produce nausea. 4. If the President and Vice-President are both disqualified to perform the duties of the office, the presiding officer of the Senate is to officiate. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 115 5. Travellers are obliged to submit to quarantine, lest they should in- fect a city. 6. Alexander, the conqueror of the world, having surfeited himself, died, a glutton and a drunkard, 324 B. C. 7. Arnold's pecuniary difficulties led him to peculate the public funds, and to defraud the Government of enormous sums. 8. In relation to taxes, the Articles of Confederation were very de- fective. 9. When the Roman Pontiff refused to sanction the divorce, Henry called a Parliament, which declared the King's supremacy. 10. It is curious to walk in Pompeii (pom-pa / -yee), (destroyed by an eruption of Vesuvius), and see the fashions of a people who lived 1800 years ago. 11. Some of the tribes inhabiting the equatorial regions of Africa, have fine features. 181. Fal'l-O, I deceive. Fal's-UWl, to deceive. 1. FAL'LIBLE, a. liable to err. 2. FAL'SIFY, v. represent falsely. 3. FAIL'UKE, n. want of suc- cess ; omission. FALLA'CIOUS, a. deceitful (69-2). FAL'LACY, n. deceitfulness (56-5). FALSE, a. untrue (167-5). 1. The condemnation of so many to the penitentiary, proves that some of the human race are fallible. 2. Whether Mr. Erskine really did falsify the instruction of his Gov- ernment, in 1809, we know not ; but the refusal of the British Govern- ment to repeal the injurious decrees, gave umbrage to the American people. 3. The numerous attempts to discover a North- West passage, have all resulted in failure. 182. Fa'm-a, fame. 1. FA'MOUS, a. renowned; much talked of. 1. DEFAME', v. to injure one's reputation maliciously. IN'FAMOUS, a. detestable (169-7). IN'FAMY, n. public reproach (56-3). 1. After the surrender of Burgoyne, which rendered Gates so famous, persistent attempts were made to defame Washington. 183. Fa'm-es, hunger. 1. FAM'ISH,V. to die of hunger; FAM'INE, n. scarcity of food to starve. (177-4). 1. After the battle of Flatbush, in 1776, General Woodhull was allowed to famish in a British prison. 116 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 184. Famil'i-a, a family. FAMILIAR'ITY, n. intimate ac- FAMIL'IAR, a. acquainted (97). quaintance (290-1). FAM'ILY, n. household (125-7). 185. Fa r n-um, a temple. 1. PROFANE', v. to desecrate. FANAT'IC, a. excessively en- thusiastic (75-12). FANATICISM, n. wild and ex- travagant notions of religion (49-3). 1. A man's hand, tracing unknown characters on the wall, might well terrify Belshazzar, when he had dared to profane the vessels of the sanctuary, by using them in a convivial assembly. 186. Fa'ri, to speak. Fa't-um, fate, destiny. 1. FA'TAL, a. mortal. 2. PREF'ACE, n. introduction. AF'FABLE, a. courteous (50-1). INFANT'ICIDE, n. (csedo,) the killing of an infant (57-4). AFFABILITY, n. kindness of manner in conversation (56-1). IN'FANCY, n. childhood (148-3). FATE, n. predetermined event (42-3). 1. At the taking of Quebec, by the English, in 1759, Wolfe and Mont- calm received fatal wounds. 2. Bunyan, in the work, which alone was sufficient to immortalize his name, says in his preface, that in answer to the query, "Shall I print my book ? " " Some said, ' John, print it.' Others said, ' Not so,' Some said, ' It might do good.' Others said 'No.' 187. Fari'n-a, meal. 1. FARI'NA, n. the flour of any 1. FARINA'CEOUS, a. consisting grain, starch, etc. of meal. 1. Large quantities of farinaceous food, such as oatmeal, corn- starch, farina, etc., were required for the army. 188. Fav'e-o, I favor. FA'VOEABLE, a. propitious (177-5). 189. Feb'r-is, a fever (from Fer'veo, I am hot). 1. FE'VERISH, a. affected by 1. FEB'EILE, a. pertaining to fever. fever. 1. In 1799, Washington, while superintending his plantation, took a cold, which produced a feverish condition of the whole system. Every effort was made to subdue the febrile symptoms, but without avail. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 117 190. Far accustom- ing (8-2). 1. HABIT'UAL, a. customary. 2. DEBILITATED, a. enfeebled. 3. HAB'IT, n. custom. 4. PROHIBIT, v. to forbid. 5. INHAB'IT, v. dwell in. 5. DEBII/ITY, n. feebleness. 5. INHABITANTS, n. residents. A'BLE, a. capable (11-3). a place of . garments UNA'BLE, a. not capable (22- 3). 1. The present tense often expresses what is habitual, universal, or permanent; as, " The sun gives light." 2. Hunger and exposure had greatly debilitated the soldiers at Valley Forge. 3. It is easy to form a bad habit / it is hard to cure one. 4. An Embargo Law is a law to prohibit vessels leaving port. 5. Those who inhabit tropical climates, generally exhibit more de- bility in old age, than the inhabitants of colder regions. 256. Hce're-o, I stick. Hce's-um 9 to stick. Hces'- it-O 9 I hesitate. 1. INCOHERENT, a. inconsist- ent. 2. INHERENT, a. innate. ADHERE', v. to own allegi- ance (207-1). 12 HES'ITATE, v. scruple (100- i). ADHER'ENCE, n. adhesion (56- 2). COHERE', v. (see page 32). 134 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. The incoJierent ravings of the prisoners, confined in the Sugar- House, who were in a state of inanition, from want of food, etc., excited no compassion among the Tories. 2. The inherent right of all men to life, liberty, and protection, is fully recognized in the Constitution of the United States. 257. Ha'l-O, I breathe. Hala't-um, to breathe. 1. EXHALES', v. breathes out. vapors INHALE', v. to breathe in ; to inspire (129). EXHALATIONS, (68-3). 1. A robust person exhales and inhales many times in a minute. 258. Haus't-um, to draw. EXHAUSTED, a, drawn out until nothing is left (65-4). (24-2). 259. Her'b-a, an herb ; grass. HERBIV'OROUS, a. (voro,) eating herbs (247). 260. He'r-es (here'd-is), an heir. an inheritance. INEXHAUST'IBLE, a. unfailing Hered'it-as, 2. HEIR, n. one who inher- its. DISINHERIT, v. to cut off from succession (100-1). 1. HEKED'ITAKY, a. descended by inheritance. 1. INHERITANCE, n. patri- mony. 1. The friends of John Locke ridiculed the idea of an hereditary order of nobility among a people sparsely scattered through the wilder- ness, whose only inheritance would be a log-cabin. 2. The Pretender, son of James II., would hear nothing in confutation of his theory, that he was heir to the throne of England. 261. Ho'm-o (hom'in-is), a man. HU'MAN, a. belonging to man- kind (27-3). HUMANE', a. benevolent (231- 2). HUMAN'ITY, n. the nature of man (47-1). INHU'MAN, a. barbarous (103- 2). 262. Ho' nor, respect, honor. Hones't-us, honorable. DISHON'ORABLE, a. degrading (169-5). HON'ORABLE, a. not base (222- HON'ORARY, a. conferring hon- or (250-2). HON'ESTY, n. uprightness (165-2). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 135 263. HOT're-O, to be dreadful, to shudder. "HOB'EIBLE, a. dreadful (56-3). | HOR'ROR, n. dread (68-3). 264. Hor't-or, I exhort. Horta't-us, exhorting. 1. EXHORT'ED, v. entreated. 1 . Washington exhorted the Wyoming settlers to remove, but they would not agree to leave their homes. 265. ITor't-U8, a garden. 1. HOR'TICULTURE, n. (colo,) 2. HORTICULTURAL, 'a. (colo,) the culture of gardens. relating to horticulture. 1. To promote horticulture) the Patent-Office is allowed to dis- tribute seeds. 2. The collection of ferns in Horticultural Hall is very fine. 266. Hos'p-es (hos r pit-is), a host or guest. 1. HOS'PITABLE, a. kind to vis- itors ; entertaining strangers with kindness. HOST, n. one who receives guests (382). HOTEL', n. an inn (382). 1. Roger Williams expostulated with the Council ; but finding he did not prevail, he sought refuge among the hospitable Narragansetts. 267. Hos't-is, an enemy. HOST, n. a multitude (42- 2). HOS'TILE, a. adverse (17-1). HOSTILITY, n. enmity (74-2). HOSTILITIES, n. hostile pro- ceedings (17-2). 268. Hu'm-US, the ground. Hu'mil-is, humble. Hu f me-O 9 to be wet or moist. 1. HUMILIATION, n. mortifica- tion. 2. EXHUME', v. disinter. 3. HUMIL'IATE, v. to humble. HU'MID, a. damp (68-3). HUMID'ITY, n. dampness (213- 5). HUM'BLE, v. to free from pride (329-3). HU'MOR, n. pleasantry (146-3). 1. The loss of Quebec, in 1759, was a great humiliation to France. 2. In 1661, Charles II. gave orders to exhume the body of Oliver Cromwell, and, as it was not entirely decomposed, it was easy to prove its identity. 3. To humiliate his son, the King Frederick William treated him in the most barbarous manner ; " he was kicked, cudgelled, pulled by the hair, etc." 136 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 269. I'dem, the same. IDEN'TICAL, a. the same (134-2). IDEN'TIFY, v. to prove sameness IDENTITY, n. sameness (268-2). (65-14). 270. Ig'n-is, fire. 1. IGNITE', v. to set on fire. 1. In 1777, Col. Meigs was able to ignite the British vessels at Sag Harbor ; and to explode the magazine. 271. Ima'g-o (imag'in-is), an image. Imagined - t-US, fancying. 1. IMAGINATION, n. fancy. IM'AGE, n. statue (110). IMAG'INE, v. to conceive by the fancy (199-2). IMAGINARY, a. fancied ; vis- ionary (64-6). IM'AGERY, n. figurative repre- sentation (64-1). 1. Imagination can scarcely depict a more desolate situation, than the Colony of Virginia, isolated as it was, and surrounded by Indians, who desired its extirpation. 272. Imbecil'l-is, weak, feeble. IM'BECILE, a. feeble (290-3). 273. Tm'it-or, I imitate. 1. IMITA'TORS, n. those who pattern after. 2. IMITA'TION, n. the act of copying. 1. Milton has had many imitators, since he wrote " Paradise Lost." 2. Such an excellent imitation of the diamond has been made, that experts are sometimes deceived. 274. Im'per-O, I command. Impera't-um, to com- mand. EM'PIRE, n. the dominion of an emperor (75-3). EM'PEROR, n. a monarch over an empire (98-1). IMPE'RIAL, a. pertaining to an emperor (98-1). IMPE'RIOUS, a. overbearing (65-3). 275. Ina'n-is, empty. INANI'TION, n. exhaustion (256-1). 276. Indi'gen-a, a native, the native of a place. INDIGENOUS, a. native (56-7). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 137 277. Indus'tri-a 9 industry. 1. IN'DUSTRY, n. habitual diligence. 1. By industry and economy France has been able to pay the war indemnity. 278. Irifer-us and Infer'n-us, below. 1. INFER'NAL, a. pertaining to INFE'RIOR, a. lower in place the lower regions. (85-3). 1. " Stygian," in Heathen Mythology, refers to the Styx, a river of the infernal regions. 279. Irisul-a, an island. 1. IN'SULATE, v. to isolate. 2. IN'SULAR, a. belonging to an island. PENIN'SULAS, w.(pene,) por- tions of land almost sur- rounded by water (444-1). IS'OLATED, a. placed by itself (271). 1. Clinton hoped, by forming a junction with Burgoyne, to insulate New England from the Middle States. 2. The insular position of England led to the passage of the Navi- gation Acts, intended to increase her commerce. 280. Iriteg-er, whole, entire. 1. DISINTEGRATE, v. to reduce to fragments. INTEGRITY, n. purity of mind ; honesty (165-2). 2. IN'TEGRAL, a. whole, entire. 1. The power of moisture to disintegrate solid rock is shown by the sand on the sea-shore. 2. The action of the Berlin Congress was tantamount to deciding that Turkey should not be an integral part of Europe. 281. Intrin' sec-us, on the inside. Iritim-us, most intimate. Inter'n-US, inward. Irit-US 9 within. 1. INTRINSIC, a. inherent. INTE'RIOR, a. inner ; inter- nal (132-1). IN'TIMATE, a. familiar; close in friendship (83-1). INTIMA'TION, n. hint (103-2). 1. The pleasure experienced on receiving a gift, does not depend on its intrinsic value, but on the feeling which prompted it. 282. Tra, anger. Itfrit-O, I make angry. IRAS'CIBLE, a. easily made IR'RITATED,V. provoked (12-2). angry (12-2). lR'RiTABLE,a.irascible (508-2). 12* 138 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 283. I'ter (itirier-is), a journey. I'ter-o, I repeat. IT'ERATE, v. to repeat (110). REIT'ERATE, v. to repeat again ITINERANT, a. journeying (92-3). ITIN'ERATE, v. travel (558-5). and again (65-5). 284. Ja'ce-o, I lie. 1. CIRCUMJA'CENT, a. lying AD JA' CENT, a. lying near to around. (74-2). 1. Florida, and the circumjacent islands, were ceded to the United States in 1821. 285. Ja!c-io, I throw. 1. CONJECTURE, n. surmise. 2. EJECT', v. to expel. Jac't-um, to throw. AD'JECTIVE, n. a word added to a noun to describe it (8-1). 3. DEJEC'TION, n. depression of spirits. AB'JECT, a. mean (125-6). SUB'JECT, n. that which is brought under thought (37- 3). 1. Washington was right in his conjecture 9 that Howe intended to attack New York, in 1776. 2. Dunmore, the last Royal Governor of Virginia, was regarded with such aversion, that the colonists determined to tolerate him no longer, but to eject him by force. 3. The act of the traitor, Arnold, caused great dejection in the American army, and a few timorous citizens joined the Loyalists. 286. Jo'c-us, a joke. 1. JOC'ULAR, a. jocose. 2. JOCULAR'ITY, n. gayety. 1. "Colonel Washington is very illiterate, and cannot subscribe his name to a document," said Tarleton, who had been wounded by him at Cowpens. " Ah ! Colonel," retorted Mrs. Jones, in a jocular manner, " you bear evidence that he can make his mark." 2. The jocularity of Charles II., and his sociable disposition, made him a general favorite. 3. Never were the jocund strains of the Highland pipe more wel- come, than when they announced the relief of Lucknow, 1857. 287. Ju'dic-o, I judge. Judica't-um, to judge. 3. JOC'UND, a. merry. JOKE, n. jest (291). 1. JUDI'CIOUS, a. wise. 2. JUDICIAL, a. pertaining to courts of justice. 3. JU'DICATORY, n. a tribunal. 4. MISJUDGE', v. to form an erroneous opinion. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 139 JUDI'CIARY, n. the system of PREJUDICIAL, a. injurious (65- courts of justice (475-1). 6). 1. By judicious management, Scott, who was sent to supersede At- kinson, induced Black Hawk to sign a treaty. 2. John Jay, who was at the head of the Judicial Department, under Washington, was an excellent linguist. 3. The giving of false testimony before a judicatory 9 is a crime which tends to subvert the very foundations of society. 4. Often we misjudge a case, for lack of careful examination. 288. Jim'gro, Ijoin. Junc't-um,tojom. Ju'g-um, a yoke. 1. AD'JUNCT, n. a thing joined. | SUB' JUGATE, v. conquer (11-3). 2. CONJUNCTURE, n. combina- tion. CON'JUGAL, a. relating to marriage (140-5). SUBJUGATION, n. the act of bringing under the power or absolute control of another (76-3). 1. The relative, with any adjunct 9 should be placed near its ante- cedent, to prevent ambiguity. 2. The invention of the mariner's compass, the discovery of America, and the invention of printing, formed a conjuncture of circumstances, very favorable to the dissemination of knowledge. 289. Ju'r-o, I swear. Jura't-um, to swear. 1. CON'JURE, v. to practise magical arts. PER' JURY, n. false swearing (75-3). 1. Although the magicians of Chaldea professed to conjure, they could not read the handwriting on the wall. 290. Jus (ju r r-is) 9 right, justice, law. Jus't-US, just. 1. JURISPRUDENCE, n. (video,) science of law. 2. JURISDICTION, n. (dico,) ex- tent of power. 3. INJUSTICE, n. want of justice. IN JU'RIOUS, a. hurtful (75-9) . IN'JURES, v. damages (8-2). ADJUST', v.to set right(75-l). 1. Kufus Choate was noted for his familiarity with difficult questions in jurisprudence. 2. In 1688, New Jersey was included in the jurisdiction of Andross, although his claim to it had been contested. 3. The Indians never forgot the injustice of Major Waldron ; having captured the imbecile old man, they proceeded to excruciate their pris- oner, before inflicting a mortal wound. 140 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 291. Ju'ven-is, young ; a young man ; youth. 1. KEJUVENES'CENCE, n. a re- JU'VENILE, a. youthful; per- newing of youth. taining to youth (97-1). 1. It seems like a joke, rather than an historical fact, that Ponce de Leon hoped for rejuvenescence. 292. La'bor, work, labor. ELABORATE, a. wrought with I LA'BORED, v. toiled (38-2). labor (24-1). LA'BOK, n. work (170-4). 293. Lap'sus, falling, sliding. 1. COLLAPSE', v. to fall inward or together. 2. ELAPSED', v. passed away. 3. RELAPSE', v. to fall back again. LAPSE, v. to glide (679-2). 1. Engineers are trying to discover what it is which causes a boiler to collapse. 2. But fourteen years elapsed, after the settlement of Ohio, before it became a State. 3. Washington adopted the most lenient measures with Aaron Burr, expostulated with him in private, and when he promised to improve, put him on probation. But Burr's negligence caused him to relapse into his old habits; and as he showed no signs of penitence, Washington, after much deliberation, dismissed him from his staff. 294. Lach'rym-a, a tear. 1. LACH'RYMAL, a. secreting tears. 1. Pepper, when taken in large quantities, affects the lachrymal glands. 295. Lamerit-or, I bewail. 1. LAMENT', n. an expression LAM'ENTABLE, a. deplorable of sorrow. (125-9). 1. David's lament for his son Absalom is unsurpassed in classic lit- erature. 296. La'p-is (lap'id-is), a stone. DILAPIDATION, n. demolition (158-1). 297. La't-us, broad. LAT'ITUDE, n. distance from the equator either north or south (107). DILATE', v. to enlarge upon (195-3). DILA'TION, n. expansion (485). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 141 298. La't-us (lalfer-is), a side. 1. EQUILAT'ERAL, a. (sequus,) 2. COLLATERAL, a. indirect ; having equal sides. on the side of. 1. From a simple proposition in Geometry, we have the corollary, that it is impossible for a right-angled triangle to be equilateral* 2. The Treaty of Ghent settled some collateral questions, but made no mention of the main point at issue, viz., the impressment of American seamen. 299. Laus (lau'd-is), praise. Lauda't-um, to praise. 1. LAUD'ABLE,a.praiseworthy. LAUD'ATORY, a. expressive of LAUD, v. praise (483-2). praise (167-5). 1. The settlement of Georgia, in 1733, resulted from the laudable desire of some benevolent gentlemen to provide an asylum for the op- pressed of all nations. 300. Lax' -US, loose, open. 1. RELAXATION, n. diversion. | LAX, a. loose (308). 1. In Germany, families go to the beer gardens for relaxation. 301. JJe'g-O 9 I send as an ambassador ; I bequeath, ie- ga't-WWl, to send as ambassador ; to bequeath. 1. ALLEGATIONS, n. declara- tions. 2. DEI/EG ATE, n. a commis- sioner. LEG'ACY, n. a gift by will of personal property (191-2). LEGA'TION, n. a deputation (114-3). 1. King Charles considered the allegations against Harvey insig- nificant and easily disproved. 2. Rhode Island did not send a delegate to the Convention in 1787. 302. Le'g-o, I gather, I select, I read. Lec't-um 9 to gather, to select, to read. 1. LEG'IBLE, a. that can be read. 2. LEG'END, n. narrative of fabulous character. 3. DI'ALECTS, n. peculiar modes of speech. 3. INTEL'LIGIBLE, a. that can be understood. INTELLIGENCE, n. information (19-1). ELEC'TION, n. the act of choos- ing (75-10). DIL'IGENT, a. industrious (97- i). EL'IGIBLE, a. fit to be chosen (12-1). 142 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. LECT'URE, n. a discourse con- veying instruction (66-1). NEGLECT'ED, v. omitted (113) SELECT'ED, j9ar. chosen (19-1). COLLECT', v. to gather together (96-1). NEG'LIGENCE, n. inattention (293-3). 1. A very ancient and legible copy of the Holy Scriptures has re- cently been found in Russia. 2. According to an Indian legend, "Alabama" means "Here I lay my bones." 3. In a great many dialects, there is a word meaning " amen," and so similar to it, that it is intelligible to a foreigner. 303. Ldn-is, mild, gentle. Lefni-O, I soothe, I make gentle. 1. LEN'ITY, n. gentleness of LE'NIENT, a. mild ; gentle ; treatment. soothing (293-3). 1. Charles II., on the restoration of monarchy, strove to intimidate his enemies by severity, rather than appease them by lenity ' 304. ILe'-O, or Jji!n-O, to besmear ; to blot. 1. INDEL'IBLE, a. not to be erased. 1. The execution of the Archbishop of Paris has left an indelible Btain on the perpetrators of the deed. DELETE'KIOUS, a. injurious (11-10). 305. Le'v-is, light. 1. LEV'ITY, n. lightness. 2. IRKEL'EVANT, a. not appli- cable. EL'EVATE,V. to raise (200-1). Le r V-O, I raise. ALLE'VIATE, v. to lighten (204-2). RELIEF', n. assistance; succor (370). 1. A person need not be a devotee, to avoid levity on serious subjects. 2. The reply of George III., to an interrogation, was frequently so irrelevant, as to excite grave doubts of his sanity. 306. Lex (le'g-is), a law. Legitim-us, legal. LE'GAL, a. pertaining to law (11-5). ILLE'GAL, a. unlawful (75-10). LEGISLATE, v. (fero,) to enact laws (121-2). LEGISLATURE, n. (fero,) the law-making power ; the su- preme power of a state(14-2). PBJV'ILEGES, n. (privus,) spe- cial advantages (85-2). LATIN DERIVATIVES.. 143 307. Li'ber, free. 1. LIBERALIZE, v. to remove narrow views. 2. DELIV'ERY, n. release. ILLIBERAL'ITY, n. narrow- ness of mind (146-3). LIB'ERAL, a. generous (249). LIB'ERATE, v. to set free (15-2). LIB'ERTY, n. freedom (12-4). LIBERA'TION, n. freedom from restraint (85-1). 1. A good education tends to liberalize the mind and free it from superstition. 2. The delivery of a person from prison is frequently effected by a writ of Habeas Corpus. 308. Li'b-er (UVri), a book. 1. LI'BEL, n. a defamatory writing. LI'BRARY, n. a collection of books (147-3). 1. It is no libel to describe the English kings as exceedingly lax in morals. 309. I/i'bra, a pound, a balance. DELIBERATION, n. consideration (293-3). 310. Li'g-o, I bind. Liga't-um, to bind. 1. ALLE'GIANCE, n. acknowl- edged obligation to obey. 2. LIG'AMENT, n. a strong com- pact substance uniting two bones. Li' ABLE, a. subject (598). RELI'GION, n. duty to God and man (214-1). OBLIGED', part, compelled (66-4). 1. The American Colonies did not deny that they owed allegiance to Great Britain. 2. In a ball and socket joint, (such as the shoulder,) the ball is kept in place by a ligament. 311. lA'men (lim'in-is), a threshold. PRELIMINARY, a. introductory (18-4). 312. Li'mes (lim f it-is) 9 a limit, a boundary. 1. LIMITA'TION, n. restriction. 1. The permanent limitation to the power of amendment is as fol- lows: " No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suf- frage in the Senate." 144 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 313. Jji!ne-a 9 a line. Li'n-um, flax. 1. DELIN'EATE, v. to draw. 2. LIN'EAMENT, n. feature. 3. LIN'EAR, a. relating to lines. 4. RECTILIN'EAR, a. (rectus,) having straight lines. LINES, n. boundaries (60-2). LIN'EN, n. cloth made of flax (75-6). LIN'SEED, n. the seed of flax (75-6). LIN'EAGE,W. family line (75-4). LIN'EAL, a. in a line (75-4). 1. One of the juvenile efforts of Benjamin West, was an attempt to delineate the portrait of his little niece. 2. Every lineament was so correct, that his mother was able to recognize it immediately. 3. Duodecimals are used both in linear and square measure. 4. Any figure bounded by straight lines is rectilinear ; bounded by four lines is quadrilateral. 314. I/irigu-d, the tongue ; a language. LAN'GUAGE, n. the speech of a LIN'GUIST, n. one skilled in nation (195-6). languages (287-2). 315. Isiriqu-o, I leave. lAc't-um, to leave. DELINQUENCY, n. fault (113). RELINQUISH, v. to abandon REL'ic,n.somethingleft (24-1). (17-3). 316. Ll'que-O, to melt, to be liquid. LIQ'UORS, n. distilled liquids (51). 317. lAs (li't-is), strife. 1. LiTiGA f TioN,n.(ago,)going|2. LITIG'IOUS, a. (ago,) fond to law ; a suit at law. I of litigation. 1. The people of New Hampshire regarded the demand for rent as an imposition, and resorted to litigation, to decide the point. 2. "Whitney, the inventor of the cotton-gin, though not litigious, was constantly involved in lawsuits. 318. IAter-a 9 a letter. 1. LIT'ERAL, a. exact to the letter. 2. OBLITERATE, v. to rub out. ILLITERATE, a. ignorant (286- 1). LIT'ERARY, a. relating to learn- ing (11-2). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 145 1. To produce a literal copy of a long article requires close attention. 2. Americans will never be able to obliterate from their remem- brance the despicable attempt of Arnold to betray his country. 319. Lo'c-US, a place. Lo'co, I place. 1. LOCOMC/TION, n. (moveo,) 2. LO'CAL, a. relating to place, power of changing place. LOCALITY, n. place (56-3). 1. An oyster has not locomotion , yet it is classed among animals. 2. A knowledge of local geography is valuable in any vocation. 320. Lorig-us, long. 1. ELON'GATE, v. to lengthen. LON'GITUDE, n. distance, east or west, from any estab- lished meridian, as Green- wich (141-2). PROLONG' (see page 33). 1. From the 21st of December, the days continue to elongate in the Northern Hemisphere, and diminish in the Southern, until the sun reaches the equinoctial line, when the days and nights are equal. 321. Lo'qu-or, I speak. 1. ELOCU'TION, n. the art of oratorical delivery. 2. CIRCUMLOCU'TION, n. round- about expression. 3. OB'LOQUY, n. censure ; cal- umny. 4. SOLIL'OQUY, speech in solitude. (solus,) a JLocU r t-U8 9 speaking. COLLO'QUIAL, a. relating to conversation (52-1). COL'LOQUY, n. conversation (146-3). EL'OQUENT, a. expressive of strong emotion (18-4). LOQUA'CITY, n. talkativeness (146-3). 1. To excel in elocution 9 great attention should be paid to the cor- rect enunciation of every vowel. 2. Perry used no circumlocution in announcing his great victory on Lake Erie, September, 1813. 3. Much obloquy was cast on William Penn, for his friendship for James II. 4. Gate's soliloquy 9 commencing, " It must be so, Plato, thou reason- est well," may have kept many horn suicide. 322. Lu'ce-o, I shine. I/w'men (lu'min-is), light. Lus'tr-O, I make clear or bright. 1. ELU'CIDATE, v. to explain. ILLUSTRA'TION, n. exemplifica- 2. ILLUMINATION, n. lighting tion (334-2). up. LU'MINARY, n. the sun ; any 3. Lu'MiNOUS,a.emittirg light. orb that gives light (206-1). 13 K 146 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. Newton was the first to clearly elucidate the principle of the at- traction of gravitation. 2. There was a general illumination, on the repeal of the Stamp Act, in 1766. 3. The moon is not a luminous body, but is able to irradiate the earth by reflecting the rays of the sun. 323. Lu'cr-um, gain. Lucra't-US, gaining. 1. LUCRATIVE, a. profitable. 1. The great diversity in the productions of the United States, makes the foreign commerce very lucrative* 324. Luc't-or, I struggle. 1. KELUC'TANT, a. unwilling. 1. Elizabeth was very reluctant to sign the death-warrant of Essex, but as she could find no excuse for his conduct, she was compelled to yield. 325. Im'd-O, I play, I deceive. Lu f S-um, to play, to deceive. ALLU'SIONS, n. references (97-1). ELUDE', v. to evade (104-2). 326. JMn-a, the moon. 1. LU'NATIC, n. an insane per- son. LU'NAR, a. pertaining to the moon (170-3). LU'DICROUS, a. exciting to laughter (232-2). DELUDE', v. to cheat (665). LU'NACY, n. madness ; prop- erly the kind which is broken by intervals of rea- son (170-3). 1. George III. was for many years a lunatic; in 1811, Prince George was appointed Regent. ^>~ uL ~LXXA/ 327. Im'-O, I wash away. Z/W r t-um, to wash away. 1. ABLU'TION, n. a washing. 1 2. DILUTE', v. to weaken. 1. The frequent ablution of the whole body is enjoined by the Mo- saic Law. 2. It is a crime, in some countries, to dilute milk or adulterate articles of merchandise. 328. Magis'ter (magis'tr-i), a master. 1. MAGISTRACY, n. the office of a magistrate. the air of authority. 2. MAGISTERIAL, a. having LATIN DERIVATIVES. 147 3. MAGISTRATE, ?i. one having MAS'TER, n. one having others civil authority. under authority (128). 1. Prescott, the Governor of Rhode Island, appointed none to the magistracy, but those who would carry out his malicious designs. 2. Berkley, the aristocratic governor of. Virginia, said with a mag- isterial air, "Thank God, there are no free schools nor printing-presses in Virginia." 3. Bunyan was frequently brought before a magistrate, when his friends would intercede for him. 329. Mag'n-us, great. 1. MAGNANIMOUS, a.(animus,) Ma'jor, greater. greatest. 3. MAG'NA-CHAR'TA, n. (char- ta,) the great charter. MAJOR'ITY, n. the part greater than the sum of all the other parts (97-3). of noble mind. 2. MAG'NIFY, v. to enlarge. 3. MA'JESTY, n. title of a sov- ereign. 1. Had Washington been lees magnanimous, he would have taken measures to punish Conway for his unprovoked attacks. 2. We use a microscope to magnify ; a telescope to see distant ob- jects. 3. His Majesty, King John, had many things to humble him, but the signing of JtfogTOO-Charta, 1215, reduced him to despair. 330. Ma'l-US, evil, bad. Malig'n-US, ill-disposed; malevolent. MALADMINISTRATION, n. (min- istri,)bad use of power (123- i). MAI/CONTENT, n. (teneo,) a dis- satisfied member of society (445). MALIGN', v. to slander (672-2). MALEFAC'TOR, n. (facio,) a crim- inal (201). MAL'ICE, n. malevolence (140). MALi'cious,a.malevolent (328- 1). MALIG'NITY, n. extreme en- mity (64-5). 331. Marid-O, I command. Jlfanda't-um, to com- mand. COMMAND', n. injunction (75- 14). COUNTERMAND', v. to revoke (124-2). MAN'DATE, n. order (75-13). REPRIMAND', n. reproof; cen- sure (2). COMMEND'ABLE, a. worthy of praise (491), REMAND' (see page 33). 148 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 332. Ma'ne-o, I stay. Maris-um, to stay. PERMANENT, a. lasting (312). | KEMAiN r iNG,^ar^.staying(241) 333. Ma'n-o, I flow. Mana!t-um, to flow. EM'ANATES, v. proceeds from (16-2). 334. Ma'n-us, the hand. 1. AMANUEN'SIS, n. one who writes for another. 2. MAN'ACLES, n. fetters. MAN'UAL, a. performed by the hand (157). MAINTAIN', v. (teneo), to support (126-3). MANUMIS'SION, n. (mitto,) giving liberty to slaves (65- 8). MANEU'VER, n. (opera), a skil- ful movement (138-1). MANUFACTORY, n. (facio,) a place where goods are made (57-2). MANUFACTURE, n. (facio,) any- thing made by the hand or by art (35-6). MAN'USCRIPT, n. (scribo), a writing (125-5). 1. Want of sight is considered an insuperable obstacle to literary pur- suits, yet Milton by means of an amanuensis wrote " Paradise Lost," after he became blind. 2. Columbus, returning from the New World in manacles, is a striking illustration of the mutability of earthly things. 335. Ma'r-e, the sea. 1 . TRANSMARINE' , a. across the sea. 2. SUBMARINE', a. under the sea. MAR'ITIME, a. bordering on the sea (132-1). MAR'INER, n. one who follows the sea (288-2). 1. In 1763, England received a large accession to her transmarine possessions, by the acquisition of Canada. 2. The efforts of Cyrus W. Field, to lay a submarine telegraph, to unite England and America, have been successful. 336. Mars (mar't-is), the god of war. COURT- MAR'TIAL, n. a military court (2). 337. Mas'cul-us, the male. MAS'CULINE, a. relating to the male sex (449-1). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 149 338. Matter (matfr-is), a mother. 1. MAT'RICIDE, n. (caedo,) the murder of a mother. MA'TRON, n. an elderly married lady (146-3). MATER' NAL, a. relating to a mother (696). MAT'RIMONY, n. marriage (545- 2). 1. Matricide is not the least crime of which the Emperor Nero is accused. 339. Matdri-a, matter. 1. MAT'TER, n. anything per- ceived by the senses. MATE'RIAL, n. matter ; sub- stance (78). 1. It is easy to confute the old theory that heat and light are matter. 340. Matu'r-us, ripe. 1. MATURED',^, well digested. I MATU'RITY, n. ripeness (119). IMMATURE', a. unripe (119). I PRE'MATURE,a.too hasty(86-l) 1. In 1838, the insurgents in Canada, having matured their plans, an insurrection took place. 341. Med'e-or, I cure. Med'ic-us, a physician. 1. MEDIC'INAL, a. having the power of healing. MED'ICAL, a. relating to the art of healing (177-3). MED'ICINE, n. any substance used in curing disease (65- 15). REME'DIAL, a. intended for a remedy (92-4). REM'EDY, n. cure (180-3). 1. The Indians are well acquainted with the medicinal properties of the plantain. 342. Med'it-or, I muse. 1. PREMEDITATED, v. planned previously. 1. As the Indians of Virginia premeditated the attack, in 1644, they were well prepared for the contest. 343. Med'i-us, middle. Medi'ocr-is, middling. 1. ME'DIUM, n. means. ME'DIATE, v. to interpose be- tween parties, for the pur- pose of effecting a reconcilia- ME'DIUM, n. means. IMMEDIATELY, adv. instant- ly (313-2). MEDIA'TION, n. interposi- tion (28-2). tion (75-1). IMME'DIATE, a. present (504-2). 1. A system of signals is usually adopted, as a medium of communi- cation between the distant parts of an army. 13* 150 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 344. Me'lior, better. AMELIORATE, v. to make better (249-2). 345. Me'mor, mindful. Mem'in-i, I remember. 1. REMINIS'CENCE, n. recollec- tion. 1. MEM'OKY, n. the faculty by which we remember. 2. MEMO'RIAL, n. a monument. COMMEM'ORATE, v. to pre- serve in memory by some public act (22-6). IMMEMO'RIAL, a. beyond mem- ory (199-3). MEM'ORABLE, a. worthy to be remembered (225-2). REMEM'BER, v. bear in mind (250-3). MEN'TION, n. a calling to mind (298-2). 1. The following pleasing reminiscence of Washington is worth committing to memory. As Washington was about to leave a house, where he had made a call, a modest little girl opened the door, and court- eously held it for him to pass out. " My dear," said Washington, " I wish you a better service." " Yes, sir," said the little girl, " to let you in." 2. A library is a far more suitable memorial of Benjamin Franklin, than any useless monument, which posterity could erect. 346. Merid-a 9 a blemish, a mistake. AMEND'MENT, n. alteration for the better (312). 347. Mens (merit-is), the mind. MEN'TAL, a. relating to the mind (105-2). _ y 3iv 348. Mensu'ra, a measure. JMLe'ti-or, I measure. 1. DIMENSION, n. extent. MEAS'URES, n. plans; the dimensions (43-2). MEASUREMENT, n. the act of measuring (15-1). IMMENSE', a. of vast extent (38). 1. To find the area of a rectangular figure, multiply one dimension by the other. 349. Me?-O, I go. Mcearider, a river in Phrygia. 1. MEAN'DERING, a. winding, 2. PER'MEATE, v. to pass or flowing round. through the interstices of. 1. Mythology gives the name Maeander to a river in Asia, remarkable for its meandering or serpentine course. 2. The noxious substances used in some wall paper, are often found to permeate the air and render it unwholesome. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 151 350. Mer'c-or, I buy, I trade, trading. Mer'cans, buying. 1. MERCENARY, a. serving for pay. 2. MERCANTILE, a. pertaining to a merchant. COM'MERCE, n. trade (130). MERCHANDISE, n. things bought and sold (75-6). MER'CHANT, n. a trader (11-5). 1. Burgoyne's army was composed of a heterogeneous mass of mer- cenary troops, gathered by conscription. 2. The assumption, that the British Government had the right to seize deserters, was destructive of the mercantile interests of the United States. 351. Mer'g-o, I dip EMER'GENCY, n. pressing neces- sity (169-1). Mer's-um 9 to dip. EMERGE', v. to rise out (see / V IMMER'SION, (125-2). n. a dipping 352. Mig'r-o, I remove. 1. MI'GRATORY, a. roving. EMIGRATE, v. to remove from a place (62-1). IMMIGRATION, n. the com- ing of foreigners into a country (92-5). 1. In 1713, a migr atory band and joined the Five Nations. page 33). IMMERSE', v. to dip ; to sink (see page 33). Migra't-um, to remove. IM'MIGRANT, n. one who comes into a country to reside (132-1). MIGRA'TION, n. departure to a distant place of residence (66-1). ' of Tuscaroras arrived in New York, 353. Mi'l-es (mil'it-is), a soldier. MIL'ITARY, a. pertaining to soldiery (93-2). MILI'TIA, n. the enrolled sol- diers (96-1). 354. Mil'le, a thousand. MILL'ION, n. ten hundred thousand (511). 355. Mi'n-eo, I jut out. PROM'INENT, a. eminent ; con- spicuous (66-1). EM'INENT, a. distinguished (65-11). 152 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 356. Mfinis'ter (minis'tr-i), a servant. ADMINISTRATION, n. manage- ADMINISTER, v. give ; dispense ment of affairs (75-9). (109-3). 357. M3!n-or, less. M%riu-o, I lessen. M$nu't-um, to lessen. 1. DIMINUTION, n. decrease. MINOR'ITY, n. the smaller o number. 3. DIMIN'UTIVE, a. little. DIMINISH, v. to lessen (216- 7). 1. "Want and disease had caused such a diminution in the army, that Lincoln was compelled to surrender Charleston, in 1780. 2. The minority in Congress may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members. 3. In making the soundings for the Atlantic Cable, the plummet brought up diminutive shells. 358. Mi'r-US, strange, wonderful. Mira't-US, won- dering. Mirac'ul-um, a miracle. AD'MIRABLY, adv. wonderful- ly (27-3). ADMiRA'TioN,w.wonder (37-3). 1. According to an ancient tradition, the veritable tabernacle, described in the Pentateuch, is still in existence, having been preserved by mi- raculous power. 359. Mis'c-eo, I mix. Mix't-um, to mix. 1. MIRAC'ULOUS, a. exceeding the laws of nature ; per- formed supernaturally. 1. Mis'cELLANY,n. a collection of various things. 2. MISCELLANEOUS, a. mixed. 3. PROMISCUOUS, a. consisting of individuals united in a mass without order. 1. A good Cyclopedia contains an interesting miscellany , embrac- ing Mechanics, Geometry, Geology, etc. 2. The Patent-Office contains a miscellaneous collection of every kind of apparatus. 3. A promiscuous multitude, composed of all classes, gain admis- sion to the President on New-Year's day. 360. Mi'ser, wretched. 1. MI'SER, n. an extremely covetous person. 2. COMMISERATE, v. to pity. MISERABLE, a. unhappy (75- 8). MIS'ERY, n. suffering (225). 1. At the present day, a man is in more danger of being a spendthrift than a miser. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 153 2. The intense sufferings of the prisoners, in the " Prison Ship," were unmitigated during the war. If any Royalist dared to commiserate these sufferings, and to provide a palliative, he soon received an admo- nition, which caused him to desist. 361. Mitfig-o 9 I make mild, I assuage. UNMITIGATED, a. unassuaged (360-2). 362. Mitt-O, I send. Mis's-um, to send. 1. INTERMITTENT, a. ceasing at intervals. ADMIS'SION, n. admittance (359-3). COM'MISSARY, n. the officer who provides food for the army (13-1). COMMIT', v. to perpetrate (31-3). COMPROMISE, n. adjustment by concession (75-1). COMMIT'TEE, n. persons ap- pointed to perform some business (42-1). EM'ISSARY, n. one sent as a secret agent (86-2). MISSIONARY, n. one sent to propagate religion (31). PERMISSION, n. leave granted (82-1). PROMISING-, part, engaging to give (21-4). PROMISSORY, a. containing a promise (154). SUBMISSION, n. a yielding to power or superior author- ity (14-4). SURMISE', n. suspicion (195-1). EMIT' (see page 33). SUBMIT' (see page 33). TRANSMIT' (see page 33). PERMIT' (see page 33). 1. In some of the oil wells, the flow is uninterrupted, while in others it is intermittent. 363. Mo'd-us, a measure. ]}odes r t-U8, modest. 1. MOD'ERATE, a. observing proper bounds. 2. MOD'ESTY, n. humility. 3. MOD'IFY, v. to change the character of a thing. 4. COMMO'DIOUS, a. convenient. ACCOM'MODATE, v. to supply with conveniences (65-1). COMMODITY, n. that which af- fords convenience goods, wares, merchandise (214-6). MOD'EL, n. a copy to be imi- tated (94-2). MOD'EST, a. diffident (345). 4. INCOMMODE', v. to incon- venience. 1. Never eat to satiety; but he moderate in all things, if you would preserve health. 2. Washington had proved himself a competent General, yet, when 154 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. appointed to the position of Commander-in-chief, he said, with great modesty, " I do not think myself equal to the command." 3. As Great Britain refused to repeal or modify the "Orders in Council," war was declared in 1812. 4. Nothing was found to incommode the settlers in Massachusetts so much as the lack of commodious habitations. 364. Mo'li-OT, I rear or build. Moli't-US, rearing or building. 1. DEMOLITION,. destruction. | DEMOL'ISH, v. to destroy (78). 1. The demolition of Faneuil Hall, or an attempt to modernize it, would seern a sacrilege. 365. Moll-is, soft. 1. EMOL'LIENT, n. that which assuages. MOL'LIFY, v. to assuage ; to soften (140-4). 1. While the attendants of King were applying some unctuous substance, as an emollient, it took fire, and enveloped him in flames. He soon expired, in great torment. 366. Mo'n-CO, I put in mind ; I warn. Moriit-um, to put in mind ; to warn. 1. MON'ITOR, n. one who puts in mind. 1. SUM'MON, v. to call. ADMON'ISH, v. to remind of a fault (76-2). PREMON'ITORY, a. giving warn- ing beforehand (170-1). MON'UMENT,?Z. memorial (345). ADMONITION, n. warning (360-2). 1. In the Lancasterian method of education, a monitor is employed to summon the classes to their exercises. 367. Mans (morit-is), a mountain. 1. PAR' AMOUNT, a. superior. AMOUNT', n. the sum total of several quantities (86-2). MOUNT' AiN,n.a high hill (15-1). SURMOUNT', v. to rise above (139-2). 1. Moral science (or ethics) teaches, that the duty we owe to God is paramount to any duty imposed by man. 368. Moristr-o, I show. Monstra't-um, to show. DEMONSTRATE, v. make evi- dent (140-8). MON'STER, n. anything hor- rible from ugliness (216-6). REMON'STRATE, v. to expostu- late (179-2). MON'STROUS, a. horrible (434- 3). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 155 369. Mor'b-us, a disease. MOR'BIDLY, adv. in a diseased manner (216-2). 370. Mor r d-eo, I bite. Mor's-um, to bite. 1. MOR'SEL, n. a small por- REMORSE', n. sense of guilt tion. (216-3). 1. The missionaries in China could give but a morsel to each suf j ferer, yet it was some relief in the terrible famine of 1878. 371. Mors (mor't-is), death, dying. Moriburid-us, 1. MORIBUND, a. dying. 2. MORT'GAGE, n. the state of being pledged. 3. MOR'TALLY, adv. fatally. 4. MOR'TIFY, v. to humble. IMMOR'TAL, a. exempt from death (148-2). MOR'TAL, a. deadly (118-2). MORTALITY, n. death (164- i). IMMOR'TALIZE, v. to make im- mortal (186-2). MORTIFICA'TION, n. (facio,) vexation (71-2). 1. Edward III., when in a moribund condition, had no friend to solace him. 2. Capitalists loan money on mortgage if the security is good. 3. To mortally wound a person, with malice prepense, is a capital crime, in most civilized countries. 4. Wayne determined to vindicate his honor, and to mortify the British, for his defeat at Paoli. 372. Mas (mo'r-is), custom ; practice. DEMORALIZE, v. to render cor- rupt in morals (139-2). MOR'AL, a. pertaining to right MORAL'ITY, n. correctness of life (156-3). IMMOR'AL, a. not virtuous (179-2). and wrong (8-2). 373. Mo've-o, I move. JHo't-um, to move. His, easily moved ; excitable. MoV- COMMO'TTON, n. tumult (191). EMO'TION, n. disturbance of mind (68-3). MO'TIVE, n. inducement (11). MOVE'MENT, n. motion (68- 3). REMOTE', a. distant (74-1). MOB/ n. a riotous multitude (77-1). PROMO'TION, n. advancement (86-2). PROMO'TIVE, a. tending to ad vance (168-1). PROMOTE' (see page 33). 156 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 374. MuTt-US, many. 1. MUL'TIFORM, a. (forma,) having many forms. MUL'TITUDE, n. a great num- ber (359-3). MULTIPLY, v. (plico,) to take one quantity as many times as there are units in another quantity (348). MULTIFA'RIOUS, a. (fari,) di- versified (214-7). 1. To those who scrutinize closely, Nature, in every department, ex- hibits multiform beauties. 375. Murid-US, the earth, the world. 1. MUN'DANE, a. earthly. 1. We hold every mundane treasure by a very precarious tenure. 376. Mu'ni-o, I fortify. Muni't-um, to fortify. AMMUNITIONS, materials used in war (35-6). MUNI'TIONS, n. materials used in war (75-5). 377. Mu'n-us (mu'ner-is), an office, a gift ; duty. n. (facio,) 1. MUNIFICENCE, liberality. 2. MUNICIPAL, a. (capio), per- taining to a city. 3. COMMUNICATIVE, a. ready to impart knowledge. 4. IMMUNITIES, n. peculiar privileges. 5. KEMU'NERATE, v. to repay. COM'MON, a. usual (23). COMMU'NICATE, v. to impart (86-2). COMMUNITY, n. society (11- 5). KEMUNERA'TION, n. recom- pense (62-1). 1. The munificence of Mr. Peabody confers innumerable blessings on the poor of London, and keeps many from pauperism. 2. One of the most important duties devolving upon municipal authorities, is to provide an abundant supply of water. 3. The first adventurers to the New World found the Indians friendly and communicative. 4. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 5. The United States made arrangements to remunerate Spain for the cession of Florida, in 1821. 378. Mu'r-us, a wall. 1. IMMURED', oned. 1. " Why was Casper Hauser i/mmured from infancy to manhood ? " part, impris- 2. MU'RAL, a. pertaining to a wall. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 157 "Why was he not allowed to mingle with his fellow-men?" are ques- tions on which many have speculated. 2. A tnural tablet on a building in Philadelphia, declares it to be the place in which George Washington and John Adams were inaugu- rated. 379. ]MLu's-a, a muse ; a song. Mu'sica. music. 1. MU'SES, n. goddesses, in an- cient mythology, who pre- sided over the liberal arts. Mu'sic, n. melody (199-2). MUSI'CIAN, n. one skilled in music (92-3). 1. Castalia was a fountain sacred to the Nine M.IISCS, Calliope, Cli'o, Er'ato, Euter'pe, Melpom / ene, Polyhymnia, Terpsich / ore, Thali'a. Ura'nia. 380. Mu't-0, I change. Muta't-um, to change. 1. IMMU'TABLE, a. unchange- able. COMMITTED, part, changed '(10-2). MUTABIL'ITY, n. quality of be- ing subj ect to change(334-2) . TRANSMUTE', v. to change from one nature to another (473). 1. The Medes and Persians boasted that their laws were immu- table, yet not a vestige of them remains at the present day. 381. Mu'tu-us, mutual. 1. MU'TUAL, a. reciprocal. 1. The connection of the New and the Old World by the Telegraph, has proved a mutual advantage. 382. Nar>r-o 9 to tell, to relate. 1. NARRA'TION, n. story. 1. In the old-fashioned hotel, the host assembled his guests around the fire, to hear some wonderful narration* 383. Nas'c-or, I am born. Nd't-US, born. 1. NATIV'ITY, n. birth. INNATE', a. inborn (146-2). NAT'URAL, a. native (12- 1). NA'TURE, n. essential qual- ity (4). NAT'URALIST, n. one versed in natural history (161). SUPERNATURAL, a. beyond nature (57-5). INTERNATIONAL a. pertaining to nations (22-6). 1. The place of Homer's nativity is a doubtful point : " Seven cities contend for Homer dead, Through which the living Homer begged his bread." 14 158 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 384. Na's-us, the nose. 1. NA'SAL, a. relating to the nose. 1. Europeans say they can tell an American by his nasal tones. 385. Nau't-a, a sailor. 1. NAU'TICAL, a. pertaining to NAU'SEA, n. sea-sickness (180- navigation. 3). 1. Before the invention of the mariner's compass, nautical skill was limited to navigable rivers, and the shores of the ocean. 386. Na'v-is, a ship. (See words under Ago.} NAVE, n. the aisle of a church, from the choir to the principal entrance (120-4). 387. ITec't-O, I tie or bind. Ifex'-um, to tie or bind. 1. ANNEXATION, n. the act of connecting. 1. The annexation of Texas was a very unpopular measure with a large party in the North. 388. Nefa!ri-us, wicked. NEFA'RIOUS, a. extremely wicked (389-2). 389. Ne'g-o, I deny. Nega!t-um 9 to deny. CONNEC'TION, n. joining (381). CONNECT' (see page 33). 1. NEGA'TION, n. denial. 2. REN'EGADE, n. an apostate. BENI'AL, n. refusal (120-2). NEGATIVE, a. implying denial (124-2). DENY', v. declare untrue (310). 1. Two negatives in the same sentence are improper, if intended to ex- press the same negation. 2. Richard III. employed any renegade to carry out his nefarious plans. 390. Neu'ter (nen'tr-um), neither. NEU'TRAL, a. not engaged on NEUTRALIZE, v. to destroy pe- either side (75-5). culiar properties (699-2). 391. Ni'hil, nothing. ANNIHILATION, n. the being reduced to nothing (148-2). 392. No'ce-O, I hurt ; I harm. Nox'i-US, hurtful. 1. IN'NOCENT, a. free from guilt. 2. NUI'SANCE, n. that which incommodes. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 159 3. OBNOX'IOUS, a. offensive. Nox'ious, a. hurtful (349- IN'NOCENCE,^. purity (30-3). 2). 1. In Germany, during the 16th century, more than 100,000 inno- cent persons suffered death for witchcraft. 2. Scholars should be ashamed of conduct which makes a school-house a nuisance. 3. George III. found it impossible to make obnoxious laws opera- tive in the American Colonies. 393. Nor'm-a 9 a rule or pattern. 1. NOE/MAL, a. according to established principles. 2. ABNOR'MAL, a. not natural. ENOR'MITY, n. excessive great- ness (42-1). ENOK'MOUS, a. huge (180-7). 1. A good Normal School is essential to the existence of good Com- mon Schools. 2. A physician must study the body in a healthy or normal state, to know when it is abnormal. 394. Nos'c-O, I know. No't-um, to know. Nob'il- is 9 of high birth. No'mevi (nom'in-is), a name. 1. NOTORIOUS, a. remarkable. 2. RECONNOI'TKING, part, sur- veying. 3. NOM'INAL, a. in name only. DENOMINATION, n. religious sect (75-12). ENNO'BLE, v. to raise to the nobility (143-3). IG'NOMINY, n. dishonor (39). NOMINATE, v. to name for appointment (94-1). NO'TIFY, v. to make known (34). REC'OGNIZE, v. to remember as previously known (313-2). NO'TICE, v. to regard (143-3). NOMINATION, n. the act of naming (94-1). NO'BLE, a. exalted (159-1). MISNO'MER,, n. an incorrect name (467-2). NoBii/iTY,n.the peerage (260). 1. Captain Kidd, a notorious pirate, was at one time the terror of sailors. 2. General Marion, a noted partisan of South Carolina, was invaluable for reconnoitring. 3. The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (aks-la-sha-pell 7 ) was but a tem- porary suspension of hostilities ; the peace proved to be only nom- inal, especially where there was not a full complement of regular troops. 160 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 395. No'v-us, new. 1. INNOVATION, n. introduc- tion of something new. 2. REN'OVATE, v. to make new. NOV'ICE, n. one new in a business (167-4). NOV'ELS, n. fictitious tales (204-2). NOV'EL, a. unusual (457). NOV'ELTY, n. a new or strange thing (7-4). 1. Walter Scott, when insolvent, wrote a series of historical novels, which were a great innovation on the literature of that period. 2. One of the "Labors of Hercules" was to renovate and cleanse from all that was odious an i repugnant, the Augean stables. 396. Nox (noc't-is), night. EQUINOC'TIAL, a. (sequus,) per- taining to the equinoxes ; n. the celestial equator (320). 1. NOCTUR'NAL, a. nightly. 2. E'QUINOX, n. (sequus,) the time when the sun enters the equinoctial point. 1. Nothing is so certain to eradicate the belief in spectres and noc- turnal visitants as education. 2. At the equinox, the night is everywhere twelve hours long. 397. Nu'b-o, I marry. Nup't-um, to marry. NUP'TIALS, n. marriage ceremonies (465-3). ' / 398. Nu'd-us, naked. 1. DENUDE', v. make bare. | NU'DITY, n. nakedness (22-3). 1. When the cold blasts from the north denude the trees, we should have sympathy with those who are poor and suffering. 399. Null-US, no one. 1. NUL'LIFY, v. to render of no force. 2. NUL'LITY, n. that which is void in law. 1. The " Non-Intercourse Act," was designed to nullify the Act, which imposed a duty on tea, glass, paper, painters' colors, etc. 2. The Charter of Massachusetts was declared a nullity, in 1684, by Charles II. 400. Nu'mer-us, a number. 1. SUPERNUMERARIES, n. per- sons beyond the usual num- ber. 2. ENU'MERATE, v. to number ; to compute. INNUMERABLE, a. too many to be counted (377-1). NUMERICAL, a. pertaining to numbers (75-12). NuM'BERS,n.multitudes (62-1). LATIN DERIVATIVES 161 1. Where large numbers of laborers are employed, it is common to have several supernumeraries. 2. It is impossible to enumerate the benefits resulting from the Centennial celebration. 401. Nurid-O, I announce. Nuncia't-um, to an- nounce. 1. RENOUNCE', v. to disown. 2. NUN'CIO, n. ambassador. ENUNCIA'TION, n. utterance (321-1). ANNOUNCING, part, proclaim- ing (47-2). ANNOUNCE' (see page- 39). PRONOUNCED', v. uttered (140). 1. Such was the odium attached to the name of Quaker, that Admiral Penn determined to renounce his son for professing their principles. 2. Wolsey and the Pope's nuncio were appointed to try the question of the divorce of Henry VIII. 402. Nu'tri-O, to nourish. 1. NUTRI'TIOUS, a. nourish- ing. 1. NOURISHING, a. nutritious; promoting growth. 2. NURSE', n. one who tends or nourishes. NU'TRIMENT, n. that which nourishes (241-7). 1. The most nutritious or nourishing food comes from cereals, wheat, rye, etc. 2. Every nurse should have a knowledge of the regimen suitable for the sick. 403. Nux (nu'c-is), a nut. NU'CLEUS, n. the central portion about which matter is gath- ered (147-3). 404. Obliv'io (oblivi'on-is), forgetfulness. 1. OBLIV'ION, n. the state of being forgotten. 1. Stone pillars and monuments were instituted to prevent important acts from passing into oblivion. 405. Oc'ul-US, the eye. 1. INOC'ULATE, v. to insert in- fectious matter. 2. OC'ULAR, a. perceived by the eye. 1. In the spring of 1777, Washington determined to inoculate his army with the small-pox. 2. The sailors were on the point of mutiny, when they had ocular demonstration that they were approaching land. 14* L 162 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 406. OVW, Itate.. O'DIOUS, a. causing hatred ; offensive (395-2). 407. O'dor, a scent, perfume. O'DOR, n. scent ; any smell (220). 408. O'l-eo, I emit odor ; I grow. odor, to grow. O'DIUM, n. dislike; offensive- ness (401-1). Ol'it-um, to emit 1. OLFAC'TORY, a. (facio,) per- taining to the sense of smell- ing. 2. OB'SOLETE, a. grown out of use. 3. ADULT', n. one who has reached mature age. ABOLITION, n. utter destruc- tion (7-2). KED'OLENT, a. diffusing a sweet scent (followed by of) (220). ABOL'ISH, v. utterly destroy (661). 1. The olfactory nerves are very sensitive in birds of prey. 2. Shakespeare wrote three hundred years ago, and many of his words are now obsolete. 3. The bones of an adult are much more brittle than those of a child. 409. Om!n-is, every ; all. OMNIPOTENT, a. (potens,) hav- ing all power (75-14). OMNIPRESENT^, (sum,) every- where present (205-5). OMNI' SCIENT, a. (scio,) having infinite knowledge (205-5). OMNIV'OEOUS, a. (voro,) eating everything (706). 410. O'n-US (orier-is), a burden. 1. ON'EROUS, a. burdensome ; EXONERATE, v. to exculpate oppressive. (669-3). 1. Pitt, with all his onerous duties, found time to investigate the cause of the reverses in America, and to plan a successful campaign. 411. O'pus (o'per-is), work. Opera't-us, working. 1. INOP'ERATIVE, a. not pro- ducing effects. 2. OP'ERATE, v. to produce ef- fects. COOP'ERATE, v. to act together (413). OPERA'TION, n. action ; the act of operating (157). 1. The extraordinary powers granted to the President, by the Alien and Sedition Acts, rendered them inoperative. 2. With the ordinary covering, the telegraphic wire is not likely to operate under water. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 163 412. Opi'n-or, I think ; I imagine. OPIN'ION, n. judgment (478-1). 413. Op't-o, I wish. Opta't-um, to wish. 1. OP'TION, n. choice. | ADOPT' (see page 34). 1. Unless James II. could have induced Louis XIV. of France to co- operate with him in a civil war, he had no option, but was compelled to abdicate. 414. Or'b-tS, a circle ; a circular body. Or'bit-Cl, the track of a rolling body. 1. EXORBITANT, a. extrava- gant. 2. OR'BIT, n. path of a planet. 3. ORB, n. a sphere. 1. For such a tract of land as the Louisiana Territory, $15,000,000 was not an exorbitant price. 2. Astronomy teaches us, that the OTbit of the earth is oval, and that the earth is nearer the sun in winter than in summer. 3. The Sun is an immense orb, whose volume is 1,400,000 times as great as that of the earth. 415. Or'd-o (or? din-is), order. 1. ORDINANCE, n. law. 2. INSUBORDINATION, n. dis- obedience to lawful author- ity. 1. It was natural to suppose, that an ordinance imposing a restric- tion on business, would eventually lead to rebellion. 2. Braddock thought it showed insubordination, to express any doubt as to the expediency of his plans. 3. Ostentation and inordinate love of dress, have induced many persons to steal. 416. O'ri-or, I rise ; I spring from. Ori'g-o (orig'- in-is) 9 beginning. 3. INORDINATE, a. excessive. OR'DER,n.command (124-2). OR'DINARY, a. in the usual manner (411-2). 1. ORIGIN AL'ITY, n. the qual- ity of being original. 1. EXOR'DIUM, n. a formal in- troduction. 2. ORIGINALLY, a. at first. 3. ORIGINATE, v. to bring into existence. ORIEN'TAL,. eastern (64-1). ORIGINATED, v. brought into existence (167-5). 1. If an orator has eloquence and originality, whether his discourse has an exordium and & peroration or not, it is heard with interest. 164 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 2. If the Indians of North America originally came across the " big water," it is an argument for the unity of the human race. 3. A very trifling circumstance led Rowland Hill to originate the system of penny postage. 417. Or'n-o, I embellish. Orna't-um, to embellish. 1. OBNATE', a. highly orna- mented. 2. SUBOBN', v. to cause to take a false oath. OB'NAMENT, n. embellishment (89). ADOBNED', part, ornamented (477-3). 1. Many of the cathedrals in England are exceedingly ornate ; the most elevated portions reveal the handiwork of the sculptor. 2. It was easy for Henry VIII. to suborn bad men to bring charges against his wife. 418. O'r-O, I pray ; I ask. Ora't-um, to pray ; to ask. 1. OB'ATOBY, n. eloquence. 2. OB'ISONS, n. prayers or sup- plications. ADOBA'TION, n. worship (64- 3). INEX'OBABLE, a. not to be moved by entreaty (39). OBA'TION, n. a formal speech (64-3). OB'ATOB, n. a public speaker (18-2). PEBOBA'TION,. the final sum- ming up of a speech (416-1). ADOBE' (see page 34). 1. The orations of Cicero are still extant, and are regarded as models to be studied by all who would excel in oratory. 2. Amid the snows of Valley Forge, Washington offered his devout orisons for the sanction of a just God upon his undertaking. 419. OS (os's-is), a bone. 1. OSSIFICA'TION, n. (facio,) turning to bone. 1. Heart-disease is sometimes occasioned by the ossification of one of the valves. 420. (yti-um, ease. NEGO'TIATE, v. to establish by NEGO'TIATING,JP. procuring by agreement (35-1). mutual agreement (464-3). 421. O'v-um, an egg. O'VAL, a. egg-shaped (414-2). 422. Pac't-US, stipulated ; agreed. 1. COMPACT', a. firmly united. | 2. COM'PACT, n. bargain. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 165 1. Jackson defended New Orleans by ramparts of cotton, which were so compact as to be impenetrable to cannon-balls. 2. Many attempts have been made to disparage the character of Osceola for veracity ; but he always declared that the compact to remove was made without his knowledge. 423. Pa'g-us, a village. 1. PA'GANISM, n. heathenism. 1. Even in paganism man has a desire to expiate his sin. 424. Pal'li-um, a cloak. PALL, n. a covering for the dead (68-3). PAL'LIATE, v. extenuate ; cover with excuse (57-1). 425. Parid-o, I lay open. Paris-urn, to lay open. 1. EXPANSION, n. the act of expanding ; enlarging. EXPAN'SIVE, a. expanding (490). EXPAND', v. enlarge ; to open (43-1). EXPANSE', n. wide extent (75- 13). 1. Montgolfier, the first aeronaut, made many attempts to effect the expansion of the first balloon. 426. Pa!n-is, bread. ACCOM'PANY, v. go with (112). | COM'PANY, n. association (112). 427. Par (pa'r-is), equal ; like. 1. PEER' AGE, n. the rank of a peer. PEEK, n. a nobleman (127). DISPARAGE, v. to vilify (422-2). DISPARITY, n. inequality (169). COMPARE' (see page 34). 1. The peerage of England includes five degrees: Baron, Viscount, Earl, Marquis, and Duke. 428. Pa'r-eo, I am present. Par'it-um, to be present. 1. APPARI'TION, n. ghost. 2. TRANSPARENT, a. admitting the passage of light. APPEAR'ANCE, n. a coming into sight (35-3). APPEAR' (see page 39). 1. An apparition is not often visible in a well-lighted house inhab- ited by educated people. 2. Our comfort is greatly increased by the use of a substance which is transparent, and yet impervious to the air. 166 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 429. Pa'r-io, I bring forth. Par't-um, to bring forth. PAR'ENT,?I. a father or mother (145). PARENT' AL, a. relating to par- ents (145). 430. Pd'r-O, I prepare. 1. REPARATION, n. restitu- tion. 1. PREPARED', v. made ready. 2. APPAR'EL, n. clothing. APPARA'TUS, n. implements PAR'RICIDE, ^.(csedo,) the kill- ing of a parent (57-4). PAR'ENTAGE, n. birth ; extrac- tion (544-3). Para!t-um, 9 to prepare, for a particular business (359-2). SEPARATION, n. disconnection (11-9). SEV'ERAL, a. divers (82-1). 1. As France refused to make reparation for the depredation on our commerce, the United States prepared for war. 2. Some of the apparel and household utensils of Stephen Girard are deposited in Girard College, Philadelphia. 431. Pars (par't-is), a part. Por't-io, a share. 1. PARTITION, n. division. APART'MENT, n. a room (206). IMPAR'TIAL, a. not favoring either side (57). PAR'TICLE, n. a little por- PAR'TISAN, n. an adherent of a party (394-2). PROPOR'TION, n. equal or just share (66-2). POR'TION, n. part (27-1). PART', n. portion (27-1). IMPART', v. to bestow (98-1). tion (21-5). 1. To induce the men on board of a privateer to exert themselves, there is usually a partition of the prize, 432. Pas'c-o, I feed. Pas't-um, to feed. 1. PAS'TORAL, a. rural. 2. PAST'URE, n. grazing. 2. PAS'TOR,^. a minister having the care of a congregation. 1. David, " the sweet singer of Israel," Burns, and many others whom we love to extol, spent their youth in pastoral occupations. 2. As early as 1638, the narrow limits of the Plymouth Colony seemed to circumscribe the settlers to such a degree, that Pastor Davenport and others determined to settle on the fertile pasture lands of Connecticut. 433. Pcts's-US, a pace, a step. COM'PASS, n. an instrument having a magnetized needle turning to the north (288-2). UNSURPASSED', a. unexcelled (295). PASSED, v. crossed (528), LATIN DERIVATIVES. 167 434. Pa't~er (patr-is), a father. Patfria, one's na- tive country. 1. PAT'RIMONY, n. inheritance. 2. PA'TRONAGE, n. special sup- port. 3. PATRI'CIAN, n. one of the nobility of Rome ; one who was not a plebeian. PA'TRJOT, n. a lover of his country (105-2). COMPATRIOT, n. one of the same country (50-1). EXPATRIATE, v. to banish from one's country (57-3). 1. The patrimony of General Van Rensselaer comprised a territory in New York, forty-eight miles long and twenty-one broad. 2. The patronage of Benjamin Franklin was extended to any poor young man whose aspiration for something higher led him to apply for aid. 3. At one time, a patrician of Rome held the monstrous doctrine, that a plebeian had no rights that any one was bound to respect. 435. Pa!ti-or 9 1 suffer. Pas's-us, suffering. 1. DISPASSIONATE, a. calm. 1. COMPATIBLE, a. consistent with. COMPAS'SION, n. pity (47-1). 1. A dispassionate and sedate temper is perfectly compatible with great energy and activity. 436. Pax (pa'c-is), peace. APPEASE', v. to pacify (303). PACIF'IC, a. (facio,) peace- making (66-5). 437. Pau'per, poor. PAUPERISM, n. indigence (377- 1). POOR, a. needy (246-1). IMPA'TIENT, a. uneasy (240-1). PA'TIENT, n. an invalid (65- 15). PA'TiENCE,n.endurance(38-2). PAC'IFY, v. to quiet (222-1). PEACE, n. quiet ; a state of tranquillity (22-5). POV'ERTY, w. state of being poor (143-4). POOR, n. the indigent (377-1). 438. Pec't-us (pec'tor-is), the breast. of discharging lungs. from the 1. PAR'APET, n. breast- work. 2. EXPECTORA'TION, n. the act 1. In 1776, Sergeant Jasper jumped over the parapet 9 amid a volley of shot, and replaced the flag on Fort Moultrie. 2. Lobelia, or Indian tobacco, has often been used to produce expec- toration. 168 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 439. Pecu'li-um, money. Pecil'ni-d, money. PEC'ULATE, v. to steal public ! PECU'NIARY, a. relating to property (180-7). money (180-7). 440. Pell-o, I call. Pella't-um, to call. APPEALS', n. entreaties (214-1). | REPEAL', v. to rescind (181-2). 441. Pel!l-0 9 I drive. Pul's-um, to drive. 1. COMPUL'SOKY, a. forcible. EXPUL'SION, n. driving out (75-11). IMPUL'SIVE, a. acting from impulse (118-2). COMPELLED', v. constrained ; forced (589). REPUL'SIVE, a. forbidding ; re- pelling (64-6). REPUL'SIVENESS, n. the qual- ity of being forbidding (9). REPEL' (see page. 34). EXPEL' (see page 34). IMPEL' (see page 34). 1. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall " have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses ; " this is effected by means of a subpoena, a writ commanding one to appear in court, which cannot be disregarded. 442. Perid-eo, I hang. Peri sum, to hang. 1. PEN'DULUM, n. a vibrating body. 2. PKOPEN'SITY, n, inclination. 3. APPEN'DIX, n. something added at the end. INDEPENDENCE, n. state of not being subject to (14-4). PERPENDIC'ULAK, a. at right angles to a given line (522-6). PREPENSE', a. premeditated (371-3). SUSPEND', v. to hang (146-3). SUSPENSION, n. interruption (75-9). 1. The length of a yard-stick is determined by the pendu lum of a clock. 2. Cattle have such a propensity for salt, that they will go a great distance to obtain it. 3. In some books, difficult or important points are placed in a com- pendious form, in an appendix. 443. Perid-o, I weigh, I pay out. Peris-um, to weigh, to pay out. 1. PEN'SION, n. stated allow- ance for past services. COMPEN'DIOUS, a. compre- hensive (442-3). COMPENSATE, v. to give an equivalent for (222). REC'OMPENSE, n. reward, com- pensation (86-2). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 169 1. Every Government ought to appreciate the services of those wounded in its defense, and grant a pension or annuity which will enable them to live in tranquillity and comfort. 444. Pe'ne, almost. 1. PENIN'SULAS, n. (insula,) bodies of land nearly sur- rounded by water. 2. PE'NULT, PENUL'TIMATE, n. (ultimus,) the last syllable but one ; almost the last syl- lable. 2. ANTEPENULT', ANTEPE- NUL'TIMATE, n. (ultimus,) the last syllable but two. 1. It is a fact that nearly all peninsulas point southward. 2. The ancient city of Alexandria has the accent on the penult, the modern on the antepenult, Alexandria. 445. Perietr-o, I pierce. 1. PENETRA'TION,??,. acuteness. PEN'ETKATE, (169-6). v. to pierce IMPENETRABLE, a. not pierce- able ; incapable of being penetrated (422-1). 1. Had Charles I. possessed any penet rat ion, it would have led him to expedite the departure of such a troublesome malcontent as Cromwell. 446. Pceni't-eo, I repent. Pce'na, punishment. .PE'NAL, a. enacting punish- ment (57-4). PEN'ALTY, n. suffering in con- sequence of an act (82-1). repentance PEN'ITENCE, (293-3). 447. Per'i-or, I try. REPENT', v. to feel sorrow for what one has done (152-1). PENITEN'TIARY, n. a prison (181-1). SUBPCE'NA, n. a command to appear in court (441). Peri't-US, trying. EXPEDIENCE, n. finding out by trial (176). EXPERT', a. practised, skilful (138-3). EXPEB/IMENT, n. trial for the purpose of finding out (221). EXPERT'NESS, n. skilfulness (576-5). 448. Persev'er-o, to persist (a per and severus). See Severus. 449. Perso'n-a, a person. 1. PERSON'IFY, t;. to ascribe life 2. PER'SONATED,?;. represented to inanimate objects. the character of. 15 170 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. PER'SON, n. human being PERSONALLY, adv. in person (12-1). (120-1). 1. In most European languages, nouns are of the masculine or feminine gender ; but in the English, things without life are all neuter, and this enables us to personify them. 2. Alfred the Great personated a harper, and thus obtained access to the Danish camp. 450. Pes (pe'd-is), a foot. 1. PEDES'TRIAN, n. a foot trav- eller. QUAD'KUPED, n. (quadra,) a four-footed animal (173-1). Ex'pEDiTE,t;.to hasten(445). EXPEDITION, n. an important enterprise at a distance (35- 2). lMPED'iMENT,n.hindrance(96). ExpE'DiENT,w.contrivance(38) 1. A peddler, especially if he is & pedestrian, has a fine opportu- nity to view a country. 451. Pe't-o, I seek. Peti't-um, to seek. 1. Ap'pETiTE,n. desire for food. 2. EEPETI'TION, n. the doing or saying again. 3. COMPETITION, n. rivalry. 4. IMPET'UOUS, a. headstrong. CoMp'ETENT,a.capable(363- 2). CENTRIP'ETAL, a. (centrum,) tending to the centre(228-3). IM'PETUS, n. force imparted (77-2). REPEAT', v. to say or do again (456-2). PET'ULANT. See PETULANS. 1. The climate of Greenland gives the Esquimaux an appetite which enables him to eat train-oil and walrus flesh with voracity. 2. Constant repetition and close attention form the best "Art of Memorizing." 3. The Navigation Acts destroyed all competition in business, by compelling the colonists to buy and sell in England. 4. The impetuous and vindictive character of General Lee brought him into many serious difficulties. 452. Pet'ulans (petularit-is), saucy. PET'ULANT, a. peevish (64-6). 453. PVl-o, I pillage, I rob. 1. PIL'LAGE, n. robbing; the PIL'FER, v. (facio,) to steal by act of plundering.. petty theft (482). 1. Many of the Arabs perform no labor, but live entirely by pillage. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 171 454. Pirig-o, I paint. Pic't-um, to paint. 1. PICTURESQUE', a. forming a pleasing picture. 2. PAINT'ING, part, portraying in colors. PICTS, n. a tribe of Germans who settled in Scotland (125- 6). DEPICT', v. picture (271). 1. The scenery of New Hampshire is so picturesque that the State is called the " Switzerland of America." 2. Michael Angelo (mi'-ka-el an'-ge-lo) was only twenty months in painting the Sistine (sis-teen) Chapel. 455. Pi'-O 9 1 appease by sacrifice. Pia't-um, to appease by sacrifice. 1. Ex'piATOKY,a.having power EX'PIATE, v. to atone for to atone. (423). 1. The desire to offer expiatory sacrifices seems deeply implanted in the human heart. 456. Pi' -US, pious ; religious. 1. IM'PIOUSLY, adv. profanely. 1 2. Pi' ETY, n. religion. 1. The Komans, knowing the antipathy of the Israelites to swine, im- piously sacrificed them on the altar consecrated to the worship of God. 2. The piety of the prophet Daniel led him to 'repeat his prayer three times a day, though forbidden by Darius (da-ri'-us). 457. Pla!c-eo, I please. Plafcit-um, to please. 1. COMPLA'CENCE, n. satisfac- tion. PLA'CID, a. tranquil (64-5). PLEAS'UKE, n. satisfaction ; en- joyment (165-1). IMPLACABLE. See PLACO. 1. William Penn could not but feel complacence at the success of his novel peace policy . 458. Pla'c-o, I appease. IMPLA'CABLE, a. not to be appeased (152-2). 459. Plarig-o, I complain. Planc't-um, to complain. COMPLAIN' ANTS, n. those who complain (250-7). 460. Plarit-a, a plant ; the sole of the foot. Plarit-O, I plant. Planta f t-nm 9 to plant. 1. SUPPLANT', v. to displace; PLANT, n. a vegetable ; a young to undermine. tree or bush (22-4). 172 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. PLANTATION, n. a farm (189). TRANSPLANTING, n. removing and planting in another place (56-7). IMPLANT'ED, v. infixed ; set in (455). TRANSPLANT' (see page 34). IMPLANT' (see page 34). 1. Conway sent a letter to Washington, explanatory of his conduct in reference to the attempt to supplant Washington. 461. Pld'n-US, plain ; smooth ; evident. 1. PLANE, n. a level surface; an imaginary surface. PLAIN, n. a level surface ; level land (170-2). EXPLANATORY, a. containing explanation (460). EXPLAIN', v. make intelligible (56-7). 1. Cut an orange into two equal parts, and each of the flat surfaces thus formed will be the plane of a great circle. 462. Plau'd-O, I clap; I applaud, applaud. Plau's-um, to 1. PLAUS'IBLE, a. right in ap- pearance. ExpLo'siON,7i.violent burst- ing (127). EXPLO'SIVE, a. liable to cause explosion (78-1). EXPLODE', v. to burst with a loud report (270). 1. Duche", who opened the first Continental Congress with a solemn invocation, soon after addressed a letter to Washington, using the most plausible arguments to induce him to desert the American cause, and avow his loyalty to George III. 463. Plebs (ple'b-is), the common people. PLEBE'IAN, n. one of the common people (434-3). 464. Ple'-o, I fill. Ple't-um, to fill. Ple'n-us, full. 1. EX'PLETIVE, n. something added to fill up. 2. IMPLEMENTS, n. tools. 3. COM'PLIMENT, v. to praise. 3. PLENIPOTENTIARY, a. (pos- se,) having full power ; full. 4. PLEN'TIFUL, a. abundant. 5. COMPLETE', a. perfect. 5. SUPPLEMENT, n. an addition to supply defects. ACCOMPLISHED, v. performed (66-6). COMPLEMENT, n. full number (394-3). REPLETE', a. filled again ; com- pletely filled (97-1). SUPPLYING, part, providing (18-1). PLE'NARY, a. full ; sufficient (250-7). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 173 1. The adverb "there" is frequently used simply to introduce a sen- tence, and is then considered a mere expletive. 2. There has been great improvement in all kinds of agricultural im- plements. 3. In 1795, the President was able to compliment Mr. Jay, our Minister Plenipotentiary to England, for his success in negotiating the treaty. 4. Artesian wells, which provide a plentiful supply of water, have been sunk in the deserts of Africa. 5. So many inventions are patented every year, that no Dictionary of Arts and Sciences is complete without a supplement. 465. Pli'c-o, I fold. I>lica!t-um, to fold. Plec't-o, I twine or weave. Plex'-um 9 to twine or weave. 1. COMPLICATE, v. to render complex. 1. ACCOMPLICE, n. a person joined in a plot. 2. EXPLICIT, a. clear. 3. DUPLICATE, a. (duo,) two- fold. APPLICATION, n. the act of COMPLEX'ION, n. color of the skin (213-3). DISPLAYED', v. exhibited (37- 3). IMPLICATE, v. to involve (127). PLI'ABLE, a. easily bent (178- i). SIMPLICITY, n.artlessness(180- 2). SIM'PLY, adv. merely (464-1). applying (124-2). APPLY', v. to fix closely (195-6). 1. When Aaron Burr was tried for treason, everything seemed to complicate the matter, but especially the difficulty of proving that he had an accomplice. 2. The laws of most of the States give explicit directions, in case a man dies intestate. 3. When Napoleon heard of the nuptials of Prince Jerome arid Miss Patterson, of Baltimore, he sent to his brother a duplicate copy of the decree, prohibiting his sister-in-law from entering France. 466. Plo'r-O, I cry ; I bewail. Flora 't-um, to cry ; to bewail. 1. IMPLORE', v. to entreat. DEPLo'RABLE,a. lamentable (76-2). 1. When the Northern foe invaded England, the wretched inhabitants sent a letter to implore the Romans to aid them in expelling their assailant. 15* DEPLORE', v. regret (66-6). EXPLORE', v. to examine ; to search through (562). 174 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 467. Plum'b-um, lead. 1. PLUMBA'GO, n. a mineral consisting of carbon and, it may be, a little iron ; black- lead. PLUM'MET, n. a leaden weight at the end of a line used to sound the depth of water (357-3). 1. The term black-lead, for the plumbago of which pencils, etc., are made, is an unfortunate misnomer. 468. Plus (plu'r-is), more. 1. PLURALITY, n. the greater number. 2. SUE,' PLUS, n. what is over. PLU'RAL, a. consisting of more than one ; designating two or more (162). 1. In the Presidential election of 1800, neither Jefferson nor Burr had a plurality of votes. 2. In 1837, the surplus of revenue was distributed among the States. 469. Po'li-o, I polish. Poli't-um, to polish. 2. POLITE'NESS, n. elegance of manners. 1. POL'ISHED, a. smooth and glossy. 1. Before glass was manufactured, polished plates of metal were used for mirrors. 2. Benjamin Franklin, at the French Court, was noted for his polite- ness and suavity of manners. 470. Po'l-llS, the pole. PO'LAR, a. relating to the pole (141-2). 471. Po'm-um, an apple ; fruit. 1. POMOLOG'ICAL, a. (logos, Gr.,) relating to fruit. POME'GRANATE, n. (granum,) a fruit (213-4). 1. Pomological societies have done much to improve the fruit-trees of the country. 472. Pon'd-us (porider-is), a weight. 1. PONDERABLE, a. capable of PON'DEROUS, a. heavy (103-1). being weighed. PON'DER, v. consider (65-7). 1. What sort of bodies are ponderable, if all bodies have weight? 473. Po'n-O, I put or place. Pos'it-um, to put or place. 1. POSTPONE', v . to put off; to defer to a future time. 2. DECOMPOSE', v. to resolve into the constituent parts. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 175 COMPOS'URE, n. tranquillity (92-1). DEPOSITION, n. removal from office (133-1). DEPOS'IT, v. to store (78). EXPOSITION, n. a public ex- hibit (22-6). IM'POST, n. tax on imports (190-1). INTERPOSE', v. interfere (72). PKOPOS'ALS, n. terms proposed (75-2). POSITIVELY, adv. peremptorily (75-5). PROPOSITION, n. proposal (195- 1)- POS'ITIVE, a. denoting quality without comparison (8-1). POST'URE, n. attitude (126-3). DEPOSE' (see page 35). OPPOSE', v. (see page 35). TRANSPOSE', v. (see page 35). OPPO'NENT, n. an antagonist (21-5). 1. Penn intended to visit Pennsylvania in 1692; but William III. having determined to deprive him of his charter, he was compelled to postpone his visit until 1699. 2. The ancient alchemists, while searching for a liquid that would transmute everything into gold, learned to decompose many sub- stances. 474. Fans (porit-is), a bridge. 1. PONTIFICATE, ?i. (facio,) the reign of a Pope. 2. PONTOON', n. a float used in forming a bridge. 1. The pontificate of Pius IX. began in 1846 and ended in 1878. 2. Both Darius (da-ri'-us) and Xerx'es crossed the Hellespont on pontoon bridges. 475. Pop'ul-US 9 the people. Pllb'lic-llS, public. Publica't-10, a publishing. 1. POPULA'TION, n. the whole number of people. 1. POP'ULOUS, a. full of people. 2. PUBLICITY, n. general no- toriety. 2. PUB'LISH, v. send out to the public. PEO'PLE, n. a nation (11- 3). POP'ULACE, n. the common people (50-2). POP'ULAK, a. suitable to people in general (54-2). PUB'LIC, a. open to the knowl- edge of all (171-3). PUBLICATION, n. publishing ; the act of offering a book to the public by sale (43-4). 1. To facilitate the administration of justice, the judiciary provides a judge for the district, if the population is dense ; but in l lous portions of the country, one for each circuit. 176 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 2. To secure publicity to the Acts of Congress, the Constitution provides, that " Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and, from time to time, publish the same." 476. Por'c-us, a hog. 1. POR'CUPINE, n. (spina, a thorn,) a rodent quadruped with quills on its body. 1. The porcupine is a native of Africa and Asia, and also of Italy. 477. Por't-O, I carry. Porta't-um, to carry. 1. PORT' ABLE, a. ried. easily car- 2. INOPPORTUNE', a. unseason- able. 2. PORT'LY, a. corpulent. 2. PORTMAN'TEAU, n. (manus,) valise. 2. PORTFO'LIO, n. (folium,) a case for carrying loose sheets. 3. PORT'ALS, n. entrances. 4. PORCH, n. a portico. 5. PUR'PORT, n. design. EXPORT', v. to send out of the country (75-6). IMPORT'ANT. a. momentous (146-3). IMPORT', v. to bring into a country (75-6). POR'TICO, n. an ornamental entrance (44-2). IMPORTU'NITY, n. urgent so- licitation (206-2). OPPORTUNITY, n. fit time (195-1). REPORT', v. narrate (5-1). REPORT', n. rumor ; an account received (114-1). TRANSPORT' (see page 35). 1. Soldiers are generally compelled to cook their victuals in such utensils as are portable. 2. Doubtless, Gen. Prescott felt the intrusion of Col. Barton on his privacy to be very inopportune ; while Barton felt no compunction of conscience in carrying off the portly old General, without giving him time to pack his portmanteau, or secure the portfolio con- taining his military plans. 3. One of the portals of the Temple at Jerusalem was beautifully adorned. 4. The Stoics derive their name from the stoa, or porch, in which Zeno taught. 5. The purport of every address made by Napoleon to his army was the glorification of France. 478. Pos'se, to be able. Po'tens (poterit-is), able, powerful. 1. PO'TENT, a. powerful. 1 PO'TENTATE, n. a monarch 1. PU'ISSANT, a. powerful. (75-14). LATIN DERIVATIVES. Ill POWER, n. might ; influence ; POS'SIBLE, a. that can be done ability to act (98-1). (35-8). 1. Many circumstances seem to corroborate the opinion, that the Em- peror of Russia will be one of the most potent (or puissant) mon- archs of Europe. 479. Pos'ter-us, after. 1. PREPOS'TEROUS, a. absurd ; POSTERITY, n. succeeding gen- erations (345-2). utterly foolish. 1. " How prepost erous," said some one to Columbus, " to suppose that we are on the surface of a ball that is turning round ? " 480. Pos'tul-o, I demand. Postula't-um, to de^ mand. EXPOSTULATED, v. reasoned earnestly with a view to dis- suade (266). 481. Po'tens (poterit-is). See Posse. 482. Pra'v-US, crooked, wicked. 1, DEPRAV'ITY, n. wickedness. 1. The tendency that children have to pilfer and to prevaricate, proves the depravity of the human heart. 483. Pre'd-um for Pre'ti-um, a price ; esteem. 1. PRIZE, v. to esteem highly. 2. PRAISE, v. extol. APPRECIATE, v. to value; to estimate justly (443). PRICE, n. cost (414-1). DEPRECIATED, a. lessened in value (43-2). DEPRE'CIATE, v. to lessen in value (522-7). PRE'CIOUS, a. valuable (24-1). 1. We cannot prize too highly the blessings of a just government. 2. The " Te De'um " is so called from the words with which the psalm commences, " We praise thee," or " We laud thee, God." 484. Pre'c-OT, I entreat. Preca!t-US, entreating. DEP'RECATE, v. regret deeply (35-8). PRAYED, v. entreated; be- eought (125-6). M PRAYER, n. supplication (456- 2). PRECA'RIOUS, a. uncertain ; un- settled (375). 178 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 485. Prce'd-a, prey ; plunder. PKED'ATOKY, a. plundering ; robbing (125-6). 1. PREY, n. plunder. DEP'REDATOR, n. a robber ; a plunderer (213-3). 1. The dilation and contraction of the eye enables a cat to seek her prey both night and day. 486. Preherid-o, I seize APPREHEND', p. to arrest ; to take bold of (509-3). APPREHEND'ED, p. arrested ; seized (169-6). COMPREHEND', v. take into tbe mind (158-2). COMPREHENSION, n. perception (11-8). ENTERPRISE, n. undertaking (123-2). Preheris-um, to seize. INCOMPREHENSIBLE, a. not to be understood (205-5). IMPRISONMENT, n. incarcera- tion (113). IMPREG'NABLE, a. not to be taken (76-3). PRIZE, n. sometbing captured (431). PRISONERS, n. captives (85-1). SURPRISE', n. wonder (11-7). 487. Pre'm-o, I press. Pres's-um, to press. 1. COMPRES'SIBLE, a. yielding to pressure. 1. PRES'SURE, n. force exerted against an obstacle. 2. lMPREsSiON,?i.amarkmade by pressure. OPPRESSION, n. unjust severity (156-4). PRINT, v. publish (186-2). EXPRES'SION, n. tbe act of rep- resenting (112-1). COMPRESS', v. (see page 35). 1. Cotton is so compressible that, under a high pressure, its bulk can be greatly reduced. 2. Robinson Crusoe was startled when he saw the impression of a man's foot on the sand. 488. Pri'm-us, first. Pri'or, former. 1. PRIOR'ITY, n. precedence. PRIM'ROSE, n. (rosa,) an early flowering plant (220). PRIME' VAL,a.(9Bvum,)prim- itive ; original (173). PRINCE, n. (capio,) son of a king (465-3). PRI'OR, a. antecedent (205-3). PRIN'CIPAL, a. (capio,) cbief ; bigbest in importance (7-1). 1. The Chinese claim priority in civilization over all other nations. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 179 489. Pri'v-US, one's own ; not public. 1. PRIV'ILY, adv. secretly. DEPRIVE', v. to take from PRI'VATE, a. secret (293-3). PRIVATEER', n. a private ship of war (431). (473-1). 1. Many Puritans in England, perceiving that the virulence of their enemies increased, endeavored to leave privily* 490. Pro'b-O, I approve, I try. prove, to try. 1. PROB'ABLE, a. likely. 2. PROOF, n. confirmation. PROBATION,, trial (293-3). PROB'ITY, n. integrity (696). APPROBATION, n. satisfac- tion (76-2). APPROVE', v. be pleased with (216-1). Proba't-um, to PROBE, v. to examine by thrusting in an instrument (177-3). PROVE, v. to test; to ascertain as truth (268-2). PROB'ABLY, adv. in a probable manner (74-1). EEPROVE',V. to rebuke (75-13). 1. Is improbable, that Africa and South America were once united, and that the disruption was effected by some sudden convulsion of nature ? 2. The lifting of the kettle-lid by the steam is proof of the expan- sive force of heat. 491. Promp't-US, prompt, ready. 1. PROMPTITUDE, n. cheerful alacrity. PROMPT'LY,aGfo.readily; quick- ly (92-4). 1. The Geneva Award of $15,500,000 was paid by Great Britain with commendable promptitude. 492. Pro'p-e, near. Prox'im-US, nearest, next. 1. APPROXIMATED. come near. APPROACH', (598-1). n. advance PROXIM'ITY, n. immediate nearness ; the state of being next (60-2). 1. We cannot obtain exactly the square root of .1, but we can ap- proximate to it by means of a decimal. 493. Pro r pri-US 9 one's own ; fit ; peculiar. APPROPRIATE, a. suitable ; proper (44-2). PROPERTY, n. that which be- longs to a person or thing (106). PROPRIETY, 7i. justness (11-5). 180 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. PROP'EK, a. suitable ; appro- priate ; right (66-6). PKOPKI'ETOR, n. a person who received a grant of land in letters-patent from the king (248-2). 494. Pros' per (a pro and spero). See Spero. 495. Pu'er, a boy. 1. PU'ERILE, a. childish ; boyish. 1. James I. spent much of his time in diversions of the most puerile character. 496. Pug'n-a, a battle. Pll'gil, a boxer. 1. PUGNA'CIOUS, a. disposed to fight. 2. PU'GILIST, n. one who fights REPUGNANCE, n. aversion (62- 3). REPUG'NANT, a. adverse (395- with the fists. 1. A pugnacious, quarrelsome disposition, will be very likely to bring a person into trouble. 2. A person must undergo a severe training, before he can be an ex- pert pugilist. 497. Pul'mo (pulmo'n-is), the lungs. 1. PUL'MONARY, a. relating to the lungs. 1. In speaking of pleurisy, or any other pulmonary affection, it is incorrect to add the words "of the lungs." To speak of "lumbago in the back " is a similar error. 498. fulv-is (pul'ver-is), dust. 1. PUL'VEEIZE, v. to reduce to fine powder by beating, grinding, etc. 2. PULVEKIZA'TION, n. the re- ducing to powder. 3. POW'DER, n. dust. 1. Many spices are so pungent, that it is necessary to pulverize them before using. 2. The pulverization of many substances can be effected by grinding or beating. 3. Charcoal must be reduced to an impalpable powder before it is fit for a dentifrice. 499. Purig-o, I sting. Punc't-um 9 to sting, to point. 1. PUNCT'URE, v. pierce with a pointed instrument. 2. PUNCTUALITY, n. exactness in regard to time. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 181 3. PUNCT'UATE, v. to mark COMPUNC'TION, n. sting (477-2). with points. PUN'GENT, a. biting (498-1). 1. To perform vaccination, puncture the skin and insert a particle of pure vaccine matter. 2. The want vi punctuality in business transactions has ruined many enterprising men. 3. To punctuate an article correctly is oftentimes a very difficult task. 500. Pu'ni-O, I punish. Puni't-um, to punish. 1. PU'NITIVE, a. inflicting pun- ishment. IMPU'NITY, n. freedom from punishment (31-3). 1. Every law has a punitive clause, definitely stating the punish- ment for its violation ; imprisonment or fine is the punishment for re- fusing to obey a subpoena. 501. Pur'g-o, I make clean. Purga!t-um, to make clean. 1, EX'PUEGATED, part, purged. 1. The law allows objectionable books to be suppressed or expur- gated. 502. Pu'r-us, pure. PUEE, a. free from impurity (499-1). 503. Pusil'l-U8, weak ; small. 1. PUSILLANIMITY, n. (animus,) littleness of mind. 1. Even the friends of the Duke of Monmouth despised the pusil- lanimity which he exhibited -after his defeat. 504. Pu't-0, I think ; I cut or prune. Puta't-um, to think ; to cut or prune. PU'EITAN, n. one of a religious sect (216-1). 1. IMPUTE', v. ascribe. 2. DEPUTATION, n. persons commissioned. 3. AMPUTA'TION, n. cutting off. ACCOUNTS', n. reckonings (42-1). DISPUT'ED, a. undecided (108- 2). DEP'UTY - GOV'EENOE,,^. one who acts in place of the Governor (248-2). REPUTA'TION,. character (114- 2). 1. Historians impute many atrocities to Brant, but it does not ap- pear that he was responsible for the Wyoming massacre. 16 182 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 2. In 1781, the soldiers at Morristown, having suffered greatly from want of their regular pay, mutinied ; but on their way to Philadelphia they were met by a deputation from Congress, who relieved their im- mediate wants. 3. Santa Anna was so severely wounded in the leg that amputation was necessary. 505. Qua'l-is, such as ; of what kind. 1. QUALIFICATIONS, n. (facio,) those things which fit a per- son for a place. 2. QUAL'ITY, n. character ; de- gree of excellence. 3. QUAL'IFY, v. to render ca- pable. 4. DISQUALIFY, v. render unfit. DISQUALIFIED, p. rendered unfit (180-4). 1. "When the Constitution was framed, there were many diverse opin- ions as to the qualifications necessary for the Presidency. 2. The Tyrians manufactured a purple cloth, of very superior qual- ity* designed for the vesture of kings. 3. Lincoln spent months in the study of Geometry, in order to qual- ify himself to demonstrate any proposition in law. 4. Several things disqualify a person. for the Presidency of the United States ; such as holding another office, etc. 506. Quar't-us, the fourth. Quad'r-a, a square. 1. SQUAD'RON, n. a detachment of ships of war. QUARANTINE, n. restraint of intercourse to which a ship is subjected on suspi- cion of infection (180-5). QUAR'TAN, a. returning every fourth day (512-4). QUADBILAT'ERAL, a. (latus,) having four sides (313-4). QUAD' HUMANE, n. (manus,) an animal having four feet that correspond to the hands of a man (52-2). SQUARE, a. applied to area or surface (313-3). 1. In 1778, France sent a squadron to aid the American cause ; and the British evacuated Philadelphia. 507. Quctft-io (in compounds, CUtio), I shake. Quas's-um (m compounds, CUSSUWI), to shake. 1. CONCUS'SION, n. violent agi- Discuss/ v. to argue (254). tation. DISCUSSION, n. debate (21-2). 1. The mere concussion of the air, produced by cannonading, has often proved very detrimental to health. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 183 508. Quefr-or, I complain. 1. QUAE/KEL, v. to contend angrily. 1. QUAR'RELSOME, a. easily provoked to contest. 2. QUER'ULOUS, a. habitually complaining. QUAK'RELLING, n. angry contention (75-8). 1. It is easy to quarrel, if you are of a quarrelsome disposition. 2. Philip's neglect, joined to his taciturn disposition, rendered Queen Mary still more querulous and irritable. 509. Quce'r-O (in compounds, quiro), I seek ; I ask. Qucesi't-um, (in compounds, quisitum), to seek ; to ask. EX'QUISITE, a. excessively nice 1. QUEST, n. search. 2. PERQUISITE, n. fee. 3. REQUISITION, n. demand. 4. REQUEST', n. demand. ACQUIRE', v. to obtain (140- i). ACQUISITION, n. the act of obtaining (195-6). CON'QUEST, n. subjugation (75-8). (193-2). INQUISITIVE, a. prying (146- 3). QUE'KY, n. question (186-2). QUESTION, n. query (169-6). REQ'UISITE, a. necessary (231- i). CON'QUEROR, n. one who sub- dues (180-6). 1. The sanguine temperament of Ponce de Leon, led him to go in quest of a fountain whose waters would restore youth and beauty to his wrinkled visage. 2. In some offices, no perquisite is allowed, the remuneration being a fixed salary. 3. When a requisition is made for a person charged with crime, it is the duty of the Governor to resort to no evasion to withhold him, but to apprehend him at once. 4. As soon as the pusillanimous king was opposed with firmness and courage, he acceded to every request 9 even to the signing of Magna- Charta. 510. Qui'es (quie't-is), rest. 1. ACQUIESCE', v. to comply. 2. QUIES'CENCE, n. state of re- pose. 3. RE'QUIEM, n. a hymn for the dead. 4. QUI'ET, n. rest ; repose. 5. QUI'ETUDE, n. tranquillity ; freedom from agitation. COY, a. reserved ; shy (120- 5). 184 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. When the " Three Lower Counties " resolved to separate from Penn- sylvania, Penn determined to acquiesce in their decision. 2. Although Charles V. resigned his regal power, he did not find that quiescence which he expected. 3. The requiem for departed royalty has rarely come from sadder hearts than that sung for Mer'cedes, the young Queen of Spain. 4. Late researches make it certain that Charles V., in the quiet of the monastery, was busy with State affairs. 5. In a Shaker village we are impressed with the quietude that pre- vails. 511. Quirique, five. Quirita, a fifth. 1. QUINTILL'ION, n. a million twice multiplied by a mill- ion. 2. QUINTESSENCE, n. (esse,) pure or concentrated es- sence. 1. It requires seven figures to express a million, and nineteen to ex- press one quintillion. 2. He who practises the Golden Rule will exhibit the quintessence of politeness. 512. Quot, how many ; as many as. 1. QUO'TA, n. just share. 2. QUO'RUM, n. a number suf- ficient to transact business. 3. AL'IQUOT, a. (alius,) an ali- quot part of a number is one that will divide it without a remainder. 4. QUOTID'IAN, a. (dies,) daily. 1. When war breaks out, every State is required to furnish its quota of troops. 2. In the Congress of the United States, " a majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business." 3. Each American coin, except the three-cent piece, is an aliquot part of the dollar and the eagle. 4. An ague which returns every day is called quotidian; every third day, or every other day, tertian ; every fourth day, quartan. 513. Ra'bi-es, madness. 1. KAB'ID, a. mad. RA'VINGS, n. wild, delirious 2. HAVE, v. to talk wildly. talk (256-1). 1. So many dogs become rabid, that in large cities it is safer to muzzle them. 2. It is painful to visit an insane asylum, and hear the unfortunate inmates rave on so many strange subjects. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 185 514:. H,a'di-US, a rod, a spoke. 1. RA'DIUS, n. one-half of a diameter. IRRA'DIATE, v. to illuminate (322-3). RA'DIANCE, n. effulgence; brill- iancy (64-4). RAYS, n. lines of light (322- 3). 1. The radius of the earth is a little less than four thousand miles. 515. Ra'dix (radi!c-is) 9 a root. 1. RAD'ICAL, a. fundamental. ERADICATE, v. to root out (396-1). RADICALLY, adv. fundament- ally ; originally j primi- tively (8-2). 1. There are radical differences in the meanings of words, perceived by those only who know the derivation. 516. Ita'd-O, I shave ; I scrape. Ha's-um, to shave ; to scrape. 1. RAZED, v. demolished. 2. ERA'SURE, n. obliteration ; a scratching out. 3. ABRA'SION, n. the act of rubbing off. 4. ERASE', v. efface. 1. After the taking of Jerusalem, the city was first given over to rapine, and then razed to its foundations. 2. The erasure of lead-pencil marks is easily effected by means of India-rubber. 3. The process of cutting glass, stone, etc., by the sand-blast was sug- gested by the abrasion of windows on the coast of New Jersey. 4. India-rubber, or caoutchouc (koo'chook), will erase lead-pencil marks. 517. Han'ce-O, I am stale or rancid. 1. RAN'COROUS, a. malignant. 1. The Pequods secretly cherished the most rancorous feelings to- wards the Connecticut settlers. 518. Ra'pi-O, I snatch. Hap't-um, to snatch. 1. SURREPTITIOUS, a. done by stealth. RAPA'CIOUS, a. greedy (36). RAP'IDLY, adv. swiftly (35-8). RAP'INE, n. plunder (516-1). RAPT'URE, n. ecstasy (64-4). 1. Soldiers, in an enemy's country, sometimes resort to surreptitious means to obtain better food. 16* 186 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 519. Hd'r-US, scarce ; rare ; not thick. 1. RAR'EFY, dense. to make less RARE'LY, adv. seldom often (510-3). not 1. Heat has a tendency to rarefy bodies ; cold, to contract them. 520. Ra't-US, thinking ; judging. 1. KAT'IFY, v. sanction. 2. RA'TION, n. fixed allowance. 2. IRRA'TIONAL, a. not accord- ing to reason. REA'SON, n. efficient cause (522- 5). RA'TIONAL, a. agreeable to rea- son (76-2). 1. Three-fourths of the States, either by their Legislatures or by con- ventions, must ratify an amendment. 2. After the scanty ration which often falls to the soldier, it is not irrational to suppose that he is willing to satiate, himself with food obtained from the enemy by surreptitious means. 521. He'cens (recerit-is), new ; recent. RE'CENT, a. late (584-4). | RECENTLY, adv. lately (302-1). 522. ~Re'g-o, I rule. Hec't-um, to rule. Rec't-us, right. Heg'num, a reign. Heg'ul-a, a rule. 1. REG'ULATE, v. to adjust methodically. 2. INCORRIGIBLE, a. irreclaim- able. 3. CORRECTION, n. making right. 4. INTERREG'NUM,. the inter- val in which a throne is va- cant between two reigns. 5. REC'TIFY, v. to correct. 6. RECT'ANGLE,W. (angulusja right-angled parallelogram. 7. ERECT', v. to build. CORRECT'LY, adv. properly (65-2). INCORRECT', a. wrong ; erro- neous (7-1). REC'TITUDE, n. uprightness (62- 3). RE'GAL, a. kingly (510-2). RE'GENT, n. one who governs 'in place of the sovereign (326). REG'ULAR, a. according to es- tablished laws (504-2). REIGN, n. the time during which a sovereign exercises authority (213-3). REGA'LIA, n. ensigns of roy- alty (216-4). REG'IMEN, n. systematic course of living (402-2). ROY'ALTY, n. kingship (510-3). RULE, n. regulation (65-13). 1. The Constitution vests in Congress " The power to coin money, regulate the value thereof," etc. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 187 2. Several States provide institutions in which incorrigible boyp are subjected to a rigorous discipline. 3. The correction of a bad habit is so difficult that it is safest not to form any. 4. Louis XVI. was beheaded in 1793, and Napoleon became First Consul in 1800. During the interregnum, various changes were made in the Government. 5. There is no good reason for calling America after Amerigo, but it is too late to rectify the mistake. 6. In a rectangle the base is perpendicular to the height. 7. In some cities it is illegal to erect a frame tenement, as the danger of fire tends to depreciate all the surrounding property. 523. Rep't-um, to creep. 1. KEP'TILE, n. an animal that crawls on its belly. 1. The anaconda is the largest reptile found in America. 524:. Res, a thing. 1. RE'ALLY, adv. actually. REAL'ITY, n. actual exist- ence (204-1). RE'ALIZE, v. to consider as real (125-3). RE'AL, a. actual (37-2). 1. The Jewish nation never really submitted to the Roman yoke. 525. Ri'de-o, I laugh. Ri's-um, to laugh. DEKIDE', v. laugh at in a con- temptuous manner (140-8). DERI'SION, n. ridicule (175-2). RID'ICULE, n. derision (253). RIDICULOUS, a. worthy of rid- icule (22-3). RIS'IBLE, a. pertaining to laughter (22-3). 526. Ri'g-eo, I am stiff (as with cold). RI'GID, a. strict (145). j RIG'OKOUS, a. severe (522-2). 527. Ri'g-o, I water. Riga't-um, to water. 1. IE/ EJ GATE, v. to water. 1. In many countries, it is necessary for the farmer to have a reservoir of water, from which to irrigate his land. 528. Ri'v-US, a stream. Ri't>-a 9 a bank, a shore. 1. RI'VAL, n. a competitor ; an antagonist. 2. RIV'ULET, n. a little stream of water ; a rill. 3. UNRIVALLED, a. having no rival. 4. RIV'EB, n. a large stream of water. 188 A MANUAL OF ET.YMOLOGY. DERIVATION, n. origin, act of ARRIVE', v. come to (see page 35). DERIVE' (see page 35). tracing origin or descent (20). 1. In 1632, Gustavus Adolphus, having found means to subsidize a large force in France, met his formidable rival at Lutzen. 2. The Rubicon was a rivulet separating Italy from Gaul. Csesar having planned an invasion of Italy, paused when he arrived at this river; then, hurrying across, he exclaimed, "The Rubicon is passed." 3. England was for many years unrivalled in the production of tin. 4. Trace the river Danube to its source, in Baden, and you will find it a tiny rill. 529. Ito'b-ur (roVor-is), an oak ; strength. 1. CORROB'ORATIVE, a. tending to confirm; having the power of giving strength. ROBUST', a. vigorous (257). CORROBORATE, v. to confirm (478). 1. Tradition specifies the exact mountain on which the ark rested ; but travellers find nothing corroborative of the statement. 530. Ro'g-o, I ask. Hoga't-um, to ask. 1. AR'ROGATE, v. to assume to one's self. 1. PREROGATIVE, n. an exclu- sive privilege. 2. INTERROG'ATIVE, a. contain- ing a question. 3. PROROGUE', v. to continue the English Parliament from one session to another. 4. AB'ROGATE, v. to repeal. DEROG'ATORY, a. tending to lessen in value (140-5). AB'ROGATED, v. repealed (211-1). INTERROGATION, n. a ques- tion (305-2). AR'ROGANT, a. haughty (121-3). 1. The Stuarts imagined they had a " divine right " to arrogate every power, and to claim every prerogative. 2. The interrogative form of the verb is limited to the Indicative and Potential moods. 3. In England, only the Queen has power to prorogue Parliament, though she need not do it in person. 4. In despotic governments, the sovereign has power to abrogate a law. 531. Ho's-a, a rose. 1. KO'SEATE, a. rosy. 1. A roseate hue in the sky in the evening is a presage of fair weather on the morrow. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 189 532. Ro't-a, a wheel. 1. RO'TARY, a. turning. 2. ROTUN'DA, n. any building that is round both on outside and inside. the ROTA'TION, n. rotary motion (14-3). ROTUND'ITY, n. sphericity ; roundness (140-8). 1. By the rotary motion of the earth, a person living on the equa- tor, moves more than one thousand miles in an hour. 2. The paintings which encircle the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington are generally historical subjects. 533. Ull'd-is, rude, ignorant. 1. RU'DIMENTS, n. the begin- nings of any knowledge. branch of 2. RUDE, a. uncivil. ER'UDITE, a. well instruct- ed; learned (140-10). 1. The most skilful teachers should be employed to instruct children in the rudiments. 2. Never be rude to the aged, but be attentive to their counsel. 534. Itu'men (ru'min-is), the cud. RU'MINANTS, n. animals that chew the cud (247). 535. Itu'mor, a common report. 1. RU'MOR, n. a common report. 1. In 1778, the rumor, that a simultaneous attack by land and sea was to be made on Newport, alarmed the royalists. 536. Rup't-um, to break. ABRUPT', a. having a sudden termination (146-3). BANKRUPT, n. one who cannot pay his debts (131-1). CORRUPT', a. decomposed (68- 3). DISRUPTION, n. the act of breaking asunder (490). ERUP'TION, n. a bursting out 180-10). RUPT'URE, n. open hostility, breach of peace (218-1). 537. Hus (ru'r-is), the country. 1. RUS'TICATE, v. to reside in RU'RAL, a. belonging to the country (120-5). the country. RUS'TIC, a. unpolished (85). 1. It is pleasant in the summer-time to rusticate in the mountains, or at the sea-shore. 190 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 538. Sad char-urn,, sugar. SAC'CHARINE, a. having the qualities of sugar (1-6). 539. Sa'cer (sac'r-i), holy, sacred. CON'SECRATE, v. to devote CON'SECRATED, p. devoted to sacred purposes (456-1). to sacred purposes. DES'ECRATE, v. to abuse a sacred thing (228-2). SACERDO'TAL, a. (dos, do'- tis,a dowry,) priestly (576). SACRIFICE, n. (facio,) conse- cration (165-2). SAC'RILEGE,?I. (lego,) violation of what is sacred (195-4). 1. In 1101, the Normans were able to consecrate a " Round Church," modelled after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, in Jerusalem. 540. Sa'gax (saga!c-is), knowing ; foreseeing. SAGE, a. wise (204-4). SAGA'CIOUS, a. discerning (140- 6). 541. Sal, salt. 1. SALINE', a. consisting of salt. 2. SALI' NA, n. a salt marsh. SAL'ARY, n. a fixed annual PRE'SAGE, n. sign (531). SAGAC'ITY,. discernment (192- 2). compensation for services (509-2). SALT, n. a substance used for seasoning (442-2). 1. To satisfy a natural craving for salt, there is, in many countries, a superabundance of saline substances. 2. Cattle will go a long distance to find a salina. 542. Sa'l-io, I leap ; I spring. Sal't-um, to leap ; to spring. 1. DES'ULTORY, a. immethodi- cal. 2. SAL'LY, v. to rush out sud- denly. 2. ASSAIL', v. to attack. 3. EXULT', v. triumph. ASSAIL'ANT, n. one who makes an attack (466). ASSAULT', n. sudden attack (550). SA'LIENT, a. forcing itself on the attention ; prominent ; conspicuous (135-2). IN'SULT, n. an affront (179-2). RESULT', n. effect ; consequence (23). 1. Desultory reading is not only of little practical utility, but ie generally a great detriment to the mind. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 191 2. Gansevoort, besieged in Fort Schuyler, determined to sally from the fort and assail the enemy. 3. Wellington would never ewult over a great victory. " Except a great defeat," said he, " there is nothing worse than a great victory." 543. Sa'l-us(salu't-is), health; safety. Salu'br-is, healthful. 1. SALUTA'TION, n. greeting. 2. SALU'TATORY, n. introduc- tory oration at a commence- SA'FEB,, a. more secure (513- SALU'BRITY, n. tendency to promote health (125-7). SAI/UTARY, a. advantageous ; wholesome (76-2). ment. 3. SALVA'TION, n. preserva- tion. 1. Great diversity exists in the conventional forms of salutation. The ancient Greeks avoided all verbiage, and simply said " Rejoice." 2. Terseness of style should characterize both the salutatory and the valedictory ; the subject is so trite that there is always danger of verbosity. 3. In Sheridan's famous ride, the horse seemed to know that the sal- vation of the army depended on him. 544. Sanc't-US, holy ; sacred. SANCTIMONIOUS, a. having an appearance of holiness (112- 4). f SANCT'UARY, n. a sacred place ; a consecrated spot ; a place of worship (228-2). 1. SANC'TITY, n. sacredness. 2. SANC'TIFY, v. to make holy. 3. SAINT, n. a person sancti- fied. SANC'TION, n. approval (418- 2). 1. The Mohammedans have such regard for the sanctity of the mosque, that they deem it irreverent to enter with the shoes on. 2. Many things in this temporal existence, which are inscrutable to man, may be intended to sanctify and prepare him for a happier con- dition. 3. Neither the humble parentage of Thomas a Becket, nor his enor- mous wealth, prevented the people from regarding him as a saint. 545. Sarigu-is (sariyuin-is), blood. 1. CONSANGUINITY, n. rela- tionship by blood. 2. COUS'IN, n. the child of an uncle or aunt. SAN'GUINARY, a. bloody (42- 3). SAN'GUINE, a. confident (92- 2). 192 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. As court etiquette does not allow a sovereign in Europe to espouse a subject, there is no alternative but to choose a person already connected by consanguinity. 2. On the question of matrimony, neither Queen Mary nor Queen Victoria gave the nation any opportunity to speculate. Mary married her cousin, William of Orange ; Victoria, her cousin, Albert. 646. Sa!n-US, sound ; healthy. INSANE', a. deranged in mind ; mad (20-3). INSAN'ITY, n, derangement of mind (170-1). SAN'ITARY, a. pertaining to- health (558-2). SAN'ITY, n. the condition or quality of being sane (305-2) 547. Sa!pi-0 9 I savor; I know. 1. SA'VORY, a. agreeable to the INSIP'ID, a. tasteless (197-2). taste. SA'PIENT, a. wise (115-1). 1. To an Esquimaux, the most sumptuous repast is not so savory as bread saturated with train-oil. 548. Sa'po (sapo'nis), soap. . SOAP, n. a substance used for cleansing (The result of the combination of acid ob- tained from fatty bodies, and an alkali.) 2. SAPONA'CEOUS, a. soapy. 1. The great consumption of soap and paper, makes it very desirable to find a substitute for each of these indispensable articles. 2. In Europe, there is a plant called soap-wort, because it has sapo- naceous qualities. 549. Sa'tis, enough. Sa'tur, full, sated. INSA'TIABLE, a. not to be sat- isfied (228-2). SA'TIATE, v. to feed to the full (520-2). SATI'ETY, n. repletion (363-1). SA'T'ISFY, v. to gratify wants to the full extent (541-1). SAT'UB,ATED,JP. soaked (547-1). 550. Sca'l-a, a ladder. 1. SCALE, v. to climb. 1. Although Montcalm was a veteran, yet Wolfe deceived him by a feigned assault on the Lower Town, while his ulterior design was to scale the Heights of Abraham, and attack the Upper Town. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 193 551. Scarid-o, I climb. Scaris-um, to climb. 1. SCAN, v. to examine care- fully. 2. CONDESCEND', v. to stoop. ASCENT', n. climbing (66- DESCEND'ANTS,??, offspring (75- 4)- TRANSCEND', rise beyond (205-5). 6). i DESCEND' (see page 36). 1. Science enables us to scan the depths of space and measure the dis- tances of the fixed stars. 2. "To condescend to argue with these rebels, or to extenuate their conduct," said Lord Grenville, " is to favor the rebellion." 552. Sci!-o 9 1 know. Scieriti-a, knowledge. CONSCIENCE, n. tbe knowledge of our own actions as rigbt or wrong (92-5). CONSCIENTIOUS, a. obedient to tbe dictates of conscience (114-1). SCI'ENCE, n. trutb ascertained (551-1). SCIENTIFIC, a. (facio,) well versed in science (18-3). UNCON'SCIOUS, a. not conscious (112-4). 553. Scri'b-o, I write. Scrip't-um, to write. SCRIB'BLING, n. writing care- lessly (179-1). SCRIPT'URES, n. tbe Bible (22- 5). DESCRIBE' (see page 36). PRESCRIBE' (see page 36). SUBSCRIBE' (see page 36). CONSCRIP'TION, n. a compulsory enrolment for military ser- vice (350-1). CIRCUMSCRIBE', v. to limit (432- 2). DESCRIPTION, n. delineation (173-2). 554. Scru't-OT, I examine. SCTUti'n-ium, scrutiny. INSCRU' TABLE, a. unsearchable SCRU'TINIZE, v. examine closely (544-2). (374). 555. Scul'p-o (sculp't-um), to carve on stone. SCULP'TOR, n. a carver (417-1). 556. Sec'o, I cut. Sec't-um, to cut. 1. IN'SECT, n. a small animal. 1. INSECTIV'OROUS, a. (voro,) eating insects. 17 N 2. BISECT', v. (bini,) to divide into two equal parts (Geom.); to cut into two parts. 194 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 3. INTERSECTION, n. the act or SEC'TION, n. division (216-5). state of intersecting. INTERSECT', v. (see page 36). 1. To watch a bird and see if it eats an insect, helps us to decide whether or not the bird is insectivorous. Do you think that a bird 'would eat a centipede f 2. You should learn to bisect straight lines without the aid of com- 3. It was an old custom in England, to bury a suicide at the inter- section of two roads. 557. Sec'ul-u?n, an-age. 1. SEC'ULAR, a. pertaining to the present world. 1. Solomon enjoins a proper supervision over secular affairs, and a wise providence in preparing for the future. 558. Se'd-eo, I sit. Ses's-um, to sit. Seda't-us, calm ; peaceful. 1. SUBSIDIARY, a. aiding. 1. INSURIOUS, a. treacherous. 2. SED'ULOUS, a. assiduous. 3. SIEGE, n. the placing of an army before a place to take it. 4. RES'IDUE, n. remainder. 5. ASSIZE', n. a court of jus- tice. ASSID'UOUS, a. sedulous ; unremitting (246-1). ASSESS'OR, n. one who as- sesses (57-2). BESIEG'ERS, n. those who lay siege (60-2). POSSESSED', v. owned (10). POSSESSION ,?i.holding(193) PRES'IDENT, n. one who pre- sides (44-2). PRESIDENCY, n. office of chief magistrate (12-1). RESIDE', v. to dwell (246-1). SEDATE', a. calm (435-2). SED'ENTARY, a. requiring much sitting (126-3). SED'IMENT, n. dregs (146-1). VICE-PRES'IDENT, n. (vicis,) one in place of the Presi- dent (21-3). SES'SION, 7i. a sitting (14-2). SUB'SIDIZE, v. to obtain by pay- ment of a subsidy (528-1). SUPERSEDE', v. to take the place of another (287-1). 1. St. Leger's expedition was subsidiary to Burgoyne's campaign; but, ignorant of the insidious character of the Indians, he found him- self deserted by them in the time of his greatest need. 2. To secure sound minds in sound bodies, sedulous care should be taken of the sanitary condition of every seminary. 3. The most noted siege on record is probably the siege of Troy, which commenced 1194 and ended 1184 B. C. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 195 4. Many of the American colonists in Palestine refused to stay ; the residue sank into poverty. 5. Judges of assize itinerate through the counties of England and hold jury trials twice a year. 559. Se'm-en (sem'in-is), seed. DISSEMINA'TION, n. general dif- SEM'INARY, n. school, academy, fusion (288-2). college, etc. (558-2). 560. Se'nex (se'nis), old, aged. 1. SE'NIOR, a. older; prior in SEN'ATE, n. one of the Houses age or rank. of Congress (180-4). 1. Where two members of a family have the same name, it is common to add the word senior to the elder of the two. 561. Seriti-O, I feel ; I think. Seris-ltm, to feel ; to think. 1. ASSENT', v. to consent. 2. KESENT', v. consider as an affront. 3. SENTIMENTS, n. thoughts. 4. SCENT, v. perfume. 5. SENSE, n. sensation. 6. SENTEN'TIOUS, a. short and energetic. SEN'TENCE,n.doom pronounced (10-2). DISSENT', v . to differ in opinion (100-1). PRESENTMENT, n. foreboding (62-3). SENSITIVE, a. easily affected (204-2). 1. Spain refuses to assent to the abolition of slavery in Cuba. 2. The Chinese Embassy resent the indignities inflicted on their countrymen, while prosecuting their lawful undertakings. 3. Many wise sentiments are contained in some of the Proverbs. 4. It is said that a single grain of mask will scent a room for years. 5. The sense of smell enables animals to track their prey for a great distance. 6. A proverb is sometimes a sermon in a sententious form. 562. Sepul'chr-um,, a grave. 1. SEP'ULCHBE, n. a place of burial. 1. Those who have been able to explore the Great Pyramid are not convinced that it was intended for the sepulchre of kings. 563. Sep'tem, seven. 1. SEPTEM'BER, n. the ninth month. 1. In the old Roman year, September was the seventh month. 196 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 564. 8e'qu-or, I follow. Secu't-us, following. 1. CONSEC'UTIVE, a. following in regular order. 2. SUE, v. to prosecute. ENSUE', v. follow (65-9). EXECU'TION, n. putting to death (92-7). CON'SEQUENCE, n. result ; effect (75-9). OBSE'QUIOUS, a. complying in a servile manner (75-13). OB'SEQUIES, ' n. funeral so- lemnities (83-1). PROS'ECUTE, v. to continue (75-2). PURSUED', p. followed (11-7). PURSUIT', n. the endeavor to attain (12-4). SE'QUEL, n. that which follows (195-1). SUBSEQUENT, a. occurring at a later period (118-2). Surr'ABLE,a.appropriate(l 78). PROS'ECUTING, part, carrying on (561-2). 1. In all text-books, the paragraphs should be numbered in consecu- tive order. 2. The Constitution does not permit an individual to sue a State. 565. Se'r-0, I knit together. Ser't-um, to knit to- gether. Ser'm-o (sermo'n-is), a discourse. DESERT'ERS, n. those who de- sert (19-2). EXERT', v. to put into action (431). SE'RIES, n. a succession of things (75-9). 566. Ser f p-O 9 I creep. SER'PENTINE, a. winding (349). |SER'PENT, n. snake (152-1). 567. Ser'v-io, I serve. Servi't-um, to serve. ASSERT'ING, part. t affirming positively (37-4). ASSERTS', v. affirms positively (16-2). SER'MON, n. a serious discourse (561-6). DESERVED', a. merited (6). SERV'ANT, n. one who serves (68-2). SERV'ITUDE, n. bondage (70-2). SUBSERV'IENT, a. serving to promote some end (15-2). 568. Ser'v-o, I keep ; I preserve, to preserve. Serva't-um, to OBSERV'ING, n. watching (27- 2). PRESERVATION, n. being kept from decay (158-1). RESERVOIR', n. a cavity for holding a fluid (527). OBSERVATION, n. notice (104- 2)- LATIN DERIVATIVES. 197 569. Seve'r-us, severe. ASSEV'EKATION, n. solemn as- sertion (167-4). SEVEKE'LY, adv. sharply (21-3). SEVE'EEE, a. harsher (70-1). PEESEVE'EANCE, n. constancy in pursuit (38-2). 570. Sex, six. Sexagirita, sixty. 1. SEXAGENARIAN, n. a person sixty years old. 1. John Adams was a sexagenarian 9 when he became President of the United States. 571. Sig'n-um, a sign, a seal. SIG'NALS, n. those things which give notice (343). SIGN, v. to affix the signature (324). DESIGN/ n. intention (37-1). 1. In battle, each of the tribes of Israel carried an ensign, to des- ignate its place in the field. 1. EN'SIGN, n. a standard; a flag or banner. 1. DESIGNATE, v. to point out. INSIGNIFICANT, portant (301-1). a. unim- 572. Sim'il-is, like. Si'mul, at the same time. 1. ASSIM'ILATE,V. become like. 2. DISSEM'BLE,?;. to hide under a false appearance. DISSIMULATION, n. hypoc- risy (57-3). SiMiLAE'iTY,n.resemblance; likeness (49-1). SIM'ILAE, a. like (83-2). SIMULTANEOUS, a. at the same time (535). SIMILITUDE, n. resemblance ; likeness (68-2). RESEMBLANCE, n. similarity ; likeness (643-2). 1. Insensibly, we assimilate in character to the persons with whom we associate. 2. There is something beautiful in the character of one who resolves never to dissemble, nor to act from a sinister motive, but always to speak the words of verity and soberness. 573. Sirigul-us, one; single. SIN'GLE, a. one alone (561-4). 574. Sinister, on the left hand ; bad. SIN'ISTEE, a. dishonest ; on the left hand (572-2). 198 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 575. Si'n-US, a fold, a bosom. INSINUATE, v. to introduce by artful means (250-7). INSINUATION, n. a hint; an intimation (140-5). 576. Sis't-O or St-O, I stand ; I set up. Sta't-um, to stand, to set up. 1. IN'TEBSTICES, n. narrow spaces between things. 2. STA'TIONAKY, a. fixed. 2. CONSTITUTE, v. compose. 3. SUBSISTENCE, n. support ; provisions. 3. RESTITUTION, n. giving back. 3. STABILITY, n. steadiness ; firmness. 4. DIS'TANCE, n. remoteness of place. 5. REST'IVE, a. obstinate in re- fusing to move forward. 6. SOL'STICE, n. (sol,) the point in the ecliptic in which the sun is farthest from the equator. 7. STAID, a. sober ; grave. ASSIST', v. help (1-4). CIR'CUMSTANCE, n. event (124-2). CON'STANT, a. continual ; CONSTANTLY, adv. continually (43-1). CONSTITUTION, n. established system of laws (12-1). DESTITUTE, a. needy ; with- out resources (105-1). ESTABLISH, v. to settle firmly (121-2). EXTANT', a. now in being ; con- tinuing to exist (418-1). EXIST'ED, v. continued to be (17-1). INSTITUTE, n. association ; so- ciety (11-2). OB'STACLE,^. that which stands in the way (105-1). RESISTANCE, n. opposition; the act of resisting (66-4). RESIST', v. to withstand (22-3). STATE, n. condition (1-4). STAY, v. to remain (558-4). SUPEKSTI'TION, n. belief in omens and prognostics ; false religion (307-1). without cessation (14-1). 1. The settlers of America built their houses of logs, filling the inter- stices with clay. 2. Stars are stationary bodies ; the planets which constitute our solar system revolve around the sun. 3. The Arabs depend on plunder for subsistence; and though the Pacha often promises restitution of the stolen goods, yet, such is the lack of stability in the government, that the promise is seldom kept. 4. Priests whose homes were at a distance remained in the vicinity of the temple while performing the special duties of the sacerdotal office. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 199 5. When Bucephalus was so restive, that no attendant could manage him, Alexander, with great expertness, mounted him without difficulty. 6. At the time of the summer solstice, the sun is vertical to the Tropic of Cancer, which is the northern boundary of the Torrid Zone. 7. Elizabeth Fry, with her gentle, staid demeanor, and sweet expres- sion, was a welcome visitor in the London prisons. 577. So'd-US, a companion. ASSO'CIATE, v. keep company (572-2). ASSOCIATION, n. society (112- 2). SO'CIABLE, a. companionable (286-2). SO'CIAL, a. pertaining to soci- ety (139-2). SOCI'ETY, n. the community (101-1). ASSO'CIATED,^?. connected (7- 2). 578. Sol (so'l-is), the sun. SO'LAR,, a. pertaining to the sun (576-2). 579. Solem'n-is, solemn, serious. SOL'EMN, a. serious; fitted to SOL'EMNIZE, v. to perform with awaken reflection (167-4). proper ceremonies (234). 580. So'l-CO, to use, to be accustomed. IN'SOLENCE, n. impertinence (41). 581. Solid-us, solid. CONSOLIDATE, v. to form into a compact mass (666). SOI/ID, a. not fluid; having particles that cohere (27-1). SOLID'IFY, v. to make solid (135-1). SOL'DIEKY, n. the body of mil- itary men (11-3). 582. So'l-OT, I comfort ; I soothe, ing ; soothing. Solctft-US, comfort- 1. INCONSOL'ABLE, a. not to be comforted. CONSOLED', v. cheered and solaced (687-2). DISCONSOLATE, a. sorrowful (152-2). SOL' ACE, v. to alleviate in dis- tress (371-1). 1. If there were no resurrection, and the spiritual nature could be re- duced to nonentity, we might well be inconsolable at the death of friends. 200 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 583. So'l-US, alone ; only. DES'OLATE, a. cheerless (271). SOL'ITUDE, n. remoteness from SOL'ITARY, a. living alone (20). society (222-2). 584. Sol'v-o, I loose. Solu f t-um, to -loose. 1 . Soi/UBLE,a. capable of being dissolved. 1. SOLU'TION, n. the state of being diffused through a fluid. 2. SOL'VENCY, n. ability to pay. 3. DIS'SOLUTE, a. loose in mor- 3. ABSOLUTION, n. remission. 4. ABSOLVE', v. to acquit. AB'SOLUTE, a. unconditional (131-1). INSOLVENT, a. not able to pay (395-1). KESOLU'TION, n. determina- tion (56-2). 1. Many substances, not soluble in water, can be held in solution by alcohol. 2. In the " Great Money Pressure " of 1837, many merchants, whose solvency there had never been reason to suspect, became bankrupt. 3. When Charles II. took a retrospect of his dissolute life, he was terrified at the thought of the retribution that awaited him ; and, borne down by the prostration of disease, he besought absolution for all his sins. 4. The effect of the recent bankrupt laws was to absolve the debtor from legal obligation to pay. 585. Som!n-us, sleep. 1. SOMNAM'BULIST, n. (ambulo,) one who walks in his sleep. 1. A somnambulist will sometimes traverse a dangerous path, and not evince the slightest fear. 586. So'n-us, a sound. 1. SONO'ROUS, a. clear; high- sounding. SOUND, n. a noise (110). CON'SONANT, n. a letter which can be sounded only in con- nection with a vowel (167-3). 1. According to an old superstition, when the great bell of St. Paul's, London, pours forth its sonorous tones, all the beer in the neighbor- hood turns sour. 587. Sor'did-US, mean ; covetous. SOB/DID, a. mean ; covetous (6). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 201 588. Sors (sor't-is), a sort, lot, share. CON'SORT, n. a partner, espe- j SORT, n. kind or species ; a ciallyawifeorhusband(171). I class or order (472-1). 589. Spar's-um, to strew ; to scatter. 1. INTERSPERS'ING, part, scat- 2. ASPER'SION, n. calumny, tering between. DISPERSE', v. scatter (700). 1. In the tuition of little children, care should be taken to diversify the exercises, by interspersing recreations and lighter studies with those which are more wearisome. 2. St. Glair, in order to prove the severe strictures passed upon him to be an aspersion of his character, was wont to expatiate on the various contingent circumstances, which compelled him to surrender Ticonderoga ; but his specious arguments had little weight after his defeat in 1791. 590. Spa'ti-um, space. EXPA'TIATE, v. to enlarge in SPACE, n. extent ; a portion of discourse (589-2). extension (551-1). 591. Spe'd-O, I look ; I see. Spec't-um, to look ; to see. 1. CONSPIC'UOUS, a. prominent. 2. SPECIFIC, a. specified. 2. PERSPICU'ITY, n. freedom from obscurity. DES'PICABLE, a. worthy of contempt (318-2). DISRESPECT', n. dishonor (250-6). RET'ROSPECT,7i.lookingback on the past (584-3). SPE'CIAL, a. particular (576- 4). SPE'CIE, n. coin (75-9). SPE'CIES, n. a kind (64-2). SPECIMEN, n. a sample (213- 2). SPE'CIOUS, a. plausible (589-2). SPEC'TRES, n. apparitions (396- i). SPEC'ULATE, v. to theorize (545- 2). SUSPECT', v. to mistrust (584- 2). PROS'PECT, n. view (62-1). SPECTA'TOR, n. one who views (37-3). ESPECIALLY, adv. particularly (7-3). 1. In the District of Columbia, and in those parts of Maryland and Virginia which lie contiguous, the most conspicuous and attractive object is the Capitol. 2. The specific duty of the President, to " give to Congress informa- tion of the state of the Union," was formerly performed in person ; but as most men write with more perspicuity than they speak, this in- formation is now, by tacit consent, given in writing. 202 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 592. Spe'r-o, I hope. DES'PERATE, a. hopeless (21- 4). DESPERA'DO, n. a desperate fel- low (20-3). DESPERA'TION, n. hopelessness (618-1). DESPAIR', n. loss of hope (75- 15). PROSPERITY, n. successful pro- gress (76-1). PROSPEROUS, a. successful (192- 2). 593. Spi'r-o, I breathe. Spira't-um, to breathe. 1. ASPI'RANT, n. one who aims at something elevated. 2. INSPIR'IT, v. to animate. ASPIRA'TION, n. desire for something higher (434-2). CONSPIRACY, (127). INSPIRE', v. to the mind (56-1). plot infuse into INSPIRATION, n. a drawing in of the breath (212). SpiR'iTUAL,a.immaterial(582). SPIR'ITS, n. supernatural appa- ritions (64-3). SPIR'ITUOUS, a. containing spir- it (51). CONSPIRE' (see page 36). TRANSPIRE' (see page 36). 1. The Duke of Monmouth was an aspirant to the throne of Eng- land, and so tenacious of his rights that all efforts to dissuade him from invading England, 1685, were useless. 2. During Queen Mary's long detention in prison, her attendants tried to lessen the intensity of her grief, and inspirit her with fresh hopes. 594. Splerid-eo, I shine. SPLEN'DID, a. magnificent ; cel- ebrated (152-2). SPLEN'DOR,?I. brilliancy (76-1). RESPLEN'DENT, a. very bright ; shining with brilliant lustre (111-1). 595. Spo'li-um, spoil. SPOLIATION, n. plunder taken from a neutral (130). 596. Sporid-eo, I promise. Sporis-um, to promise. CORRESPOND', v. to communi- cate by letters (167-6). ESPOUSE', v. to marry (545- DESPOND'ENCY,?i.dejection(73). RESPONSIBLE, a. liable for con- sequences (504-1). RESPOND' (see page 37). 597. Stella, a star. CONSTELLA'TION, n. a cluster of fixed stars (158-2). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 203 698. Ster'n-o, I spread ; I strew. Stra't-um, to spread ; to strew. 1. CONSTERNA'TION,?I. surprise mingled with terror. STRA'TUM,w.alayer (173-1). PROSTRA'TION, n. depression (584-3). PROS'TRATE, a. lying flat (64). 1. During " the dark ages," the approach of a comet spread conster- nation, among the ignorant masses, as it was thought to portend war, or some other calamity to which men are liable. 599. StWl-a, a drop. DISTIL'LERY, n. the place where distilling is carried on (75-7). 600. Stirigu-o 9 I mark. Stinc't-um, to mark. 1. EXTINCT', a. extinguished. DISTINGUISH, v. to recog- nize by characteristic quali- ties (90-1). EXTINGUISH, v. to put an end to (191-2). DISTINCT', a. clear (38-1). DISTINCT' LY,acfo.clearly(38-2). 1. In the West, there are numerous mounds, which entomb the re- mains of an extinct race. 601. Stip'ul-a, a bargain. STIPULATION, n. agreement (134-1). 602. Stirps, a root, or stock. EXTIRPA'TION, n. total destruc- EX'TIRPATE, v. to root out (93- 3). tion (271). 603. StO, I stand ; I set up. See SistO. 604. Streriu-us, brave, vigorous. STREN'UOUS, a. vigorous (39). 605. Stririg-o 9 1 bind. Stric't-um, to bind. 1. ASTRIN'GENT, a. contract- ing, binding. 2. STRAIN, v. to draw with force. 3. STRAIT, n. a narrow passage of water. DISTRICT, n. circuit of au- thority (475-1). RESTRAIN', v. to repress (22- 3). RESTRICTION, n. limitation ; restraint (415-1). STRICT'URES, n. critical cen- sures (589), STRICTEST, a. most rigorous (121-4). 204 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. Some articles, as green persimmons, are so astringent 9 that, when taken into the mouth, they distort the features. 2. The power of the waves to strain a ship is easily perceived, when you are at sea in a tempest. 3. The Strait of Gibraltar is not more than fifteen miles wide. 606. Stru'-o, I build, I construct. Struc't-um, to build, to construct. 1. CoNSTRUc'TiON,n.formation. 1. IN'STKUMENT, n. tool. 2. INSTRUCT', v. to teach. CON'STRUE, v. to interpret (608-1). DESTRUCTIVE, a. ruinous (350-2). SUPERSTRUCTURE, n. an edi- fice (78). DESTROY', v. to demolish (127). INSTRUCTION, n. information imparted (26-1). DESTRUCTION, n. ruin (56-5). OBSTRUCT' (see page 37). 1 . In the construction of Solomon's Temple, no instrument of iron was "heard in the house, while it was in building." 2. No matter what the abstruseness of the subject, it is pleasant to in- struct those who desire to learn. 607. Stu'd-eo, I study, I strive. STU'DENT, n. one engaged in STUD'Y, n. application of the study (97-1). mind (11-10). 608. Sua'd-eo, I advise. Sua's-um, to. advise. 1. DISSUA'SIVE, a. advising against. 2. PERSUADE', v. to induce. DISSUADE', v. to divert from any measure by persuasion (593-1). 1. To the dissuasive advice of his friends, Wolsey replied, "the King's words are not equivocal; it is impossible to construe them favor- ably ; I shall resign the great seal." 2. All efforts to persuade Charles Edward, alias "The Pretender," to relinquish his design of invading Scotland, in 1745, were of no avail. 609. Sua'v-is, sweet, pleasant. 1. ASSUAGE', v. to mitigate ; to SUAV'ITY, n. softness; pleas- palliate, antness ; gentleness (469-2). 1. In the late contest between Russia and Turkey, little was done to assuage the horrors of war. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 205 610. Suffra'gi-tvm, a vote. SUF'FRAGE, n. vote (312). 611. Sll'i, of one's self. SUICI'DAL, a. (caedo,) destructive to one's self (214-5). 612. Sum, I am. Es's-e, to be. Ens (erit-is), be- ing. Futu'r-us, about to be. 1. FUTI/RITY, n. the future. AB'SENT, a. not present (357-2). ES'SENCE, n. the peculiar quality (230-2). INTERESTS, n. advantages (350-2). NONEN'TITY, n. nothing ; non- existence (582). PRES'ENCE, n. state of being present (1-2). REPRESENT', v. portray (7-5). ESSEN'TIAL, a. necessary; in- dispensable (62-3). 1. Astrologers professed to look into futurity, and prophesy good or evil, from the position of the stars. 613. Su'm-o, I take. Sump't-um, to take. ASSUMPTION, n. supposition (350-2). CONSUMPTION, n. use (548-1). ASSUME', v. to take (121-3). PRESUMP'TION, n. arrogance (121-3). SuMPi'uous,a. expensive (547). CONSUME' (see page 37). 614. Su'per, high. Supe'rior, higher. Supre'm-us, highest. 1. SUPER'LATIVE, a. (latum,) highest in degree. INSU'PERABLE, a. not to be overcome (334-1). SUPERCIL'IOUS, a. (cilium, the eyelid,) haughty (22- 3). SUPERB', a. grand (651-1). SUPE'RIOR, a. higher in excel- lence (66-3). SUPREM'ACY, n. supreme power (180-9). SUPREME', a. highest in power (177-2). SOV'EREIGN, n. king or queen (75-4). 1. As the adjective "perfect" has a superlative meaning, the ex- pression, " more perfect," seems to be redundant. 615. Sur'g-o, I rise. Surrec't-um, to rise. INSUR'GENT, n. a rebel ; one who rises in opposition to 18 civil or political authority (701-2). 206 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. INSURRECTION, n. a rising in rebellion ; opposition to the execution of law (340). KESURREC'TION, n. rising again from the dead (582). SOURCE, n. origin (528-4). 616. Taber'na, a shed ; an inn. 1. TAV'ERN,^. an inn ; a pub- TAB'ERNACLE, n. a temporary- lie house for entertainment. habitation (358-1). 1. A favorite sign for a tavern, was " The Silent Woman," repre- sented by a woman with her head cut off. 617. Ta!c-eo 9 I am silent. Tac'it-um, to be silent. TAC'IT, a. implied, but not expressed (591-2). 618. Tarig-o, I touch. 1. INTACT', a. uninjured. 2. INTAN'GIBLE, a. not capable of being touched. CONTA'GION, n. communi- cation of disease by touch TAC'ITURN, a. not free to con- verse (508-2). Tadt-um, to touch. CONTIGU'ITY,W. contact(216-5). CONTIGUOUS, a. touching (591- 1). CONTINGENT, a. accidental (589-2). ENTIRE'LY, adv. wholly (21-3). TACT,n. peculiar aptness (124- (129). CON'TACT, n. a touching (129). 1. The dauntless Poles fought with desperation to preserve their little territory intact $ but, assailed at every vulnerable part by such an ad- versary, they first became tributary, and finally were compelled to accept the ultimatum of Russia, viz., the total extinguishment of their kingdom. 2. We believe in many things which are intangible and invisible; for instance, light, heat, and electricity. 619. Tarit-US 9 so great ; as great. TANTAMOUNT, a. (mons,) equivalent (280-2). 620. Tce'di-um, weariness. TE'DIOUS, a. wearisome from its length (18-2). 621. Te'g-o, I cover. Tec't-um, to cover. 1. DETECT', v. to discover. PROTECTION, n. preserva- tion (13-2). PROTECTORATE,?!, government by a Protector ; government of Eng., 1653-1658 (176). 1. A remarkable trait in Indian character is the power to detect the trail of a person several days after he has passed. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 207 622. Tem'per-o, I moderate. Tempera't-um, to moderate. TEM'PERAMENT, n. natural or- ganization (509-1). TEM'PERANCE, n. moderation (121-4). TEM'PERATURE, n. degree of heat or cold ; condition with respect to heat and cold (239-1). 623. Tem'p-us (tem'por-is), time. 1. TEM'PORIZE, v. to yield to the current of opinion. EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, a. pro- duced at the time (125-5). TEM'PORAL, a. not everlast- ing (544-2). TENSE, n. that attribute of a verb by which it expresses the distinction of time (255- i). TEM'PORARY, a. lasting only a time (394-3). 1. " The more you are willing to tewtpOTize, the more contumacious will these rebels become," said the opponents of Lord North's Concil- iatory Bill. 624. Terid-o, I stretch. Teris-um or Terit-um, to stretch. ATTEN'TION, n. application (246-1). EXTEN'SIVE, a. wide - spread (66-1). INTENSITY, n. vehemence (593- 2). INTEN'TION, n. design; pur- pose; aim (78-1). OsTENTA'TiON,w.ambitious dis- play (415-3). OsTEN'siBLE,a. seeming (78-1). PRETENSION, n. claim laid (179). PORTEND', v. to foretoken (598). EXTENT', n. compass (125-3). SUPERINTENDING, part, over- seeing (189). TEN'DENCY, n. inclination (18- 2). ATTEND' ANTS, n. servants (56- 1). CONTENDED, v. argued (43- 6). INTENSIVE, a. serving to give force (8-1). ATTEND', v. to listen to (214). PORTENT'OUS, a. serving to foretoken; ominous (92-2). 625. Teri-eo, I hold. Terit-um, to hold. 1. ABSTINENCE, n. the refrain- ing from indulgence of ap- petite. 2. CONTINUITY, n. unbroken connection. 3. RETENTIVE, a. retaining. 208 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. CONTIN'UAL, a. uninterrupted (216-8). DETEN'TION, n. confinement (593-2). ENTERTAIN', v. to receive with hospitality (214-4). IMPER'TINENT, a. intrusive (56-5). PERTINA'CIOUS, a. inflexible (56-2). PERTINAC'ITY, n. inflexibility (75-1). SUS'TENANCE, n. support (214- 4). TEN'ABLE, a. capable of being maintained (229). TENA'CIOUS, a. holding fast (593-1). TEN'EMENT,. habitation (522- 7). TEN'URE, n. a holding (375). DETAIN', v. to retain (65-6). OBTAIN', v. to acquire (37-4). CONTAIN', v. comprise (64-1). CONTINENTAL, a. relating to a continent (54-1). CONTIN'UED,- v. persisted (28- 2). 1. Much animadversion has been cast on Cranmer ; but it should be remembered, that, weakened by imprisonment and long abstinence, he was unable to controvert the statements of those opposed to him. 2. Some truths are perceived by intuition ; but others are only arrived at by an argument, which requires continuity of thought. 3. Attention and application to study are worth far more than a re- tentive memory. 626. Terit-o, I try. Tenta!t-um, to try. ATTEMPT', n. endeavor; an ef- TEMPTA'TION, n. inducement fort to gain a point (11-6). (159). 627. Teriu-is, thin, slender. ATTEN'UATE, v. to make thin I ExTEN'uATEj-y.to palliate (551- (156-1). | 2). 628. Ter'g-o, I make clean. Ter's-um, to make clean. TERSE, a. elegant and concise TERSE'NESS, n. elegance and (18-4). conciseness (543-2). 629. Ter'min-us, a bound or limit. 1. CONTER'MINOUS, a. having a common boundary. DETERMINATION, n. resolu- tion (246-5). EXTERMINATE, v. to destroy utterly (103-2). INTER'MINABLE, a. endless (68- 3). TER'MINATE, v. to come to an end (85-1). DETER'MINED, -y. resolved; con- cluded (638). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 209 1. As Canada and the United States are conterminous, it is of vital importance that friendly relations should be maintained. 630. Te'r-o, I rub. Tri't-um, to rub. 1. CONTBI'TION, n. repentance ; sorrow for sin. DET'BIMENT, n. injury (542- 1). DETBJMENT'AL, a. injurious (507). TRITE, a. well-worn; having lost its novelty (543-2). 1. To tear the dress and put ashes on the head was, in ancient times, a common mode of expressing contrition and sorrow. 631. Ter'r-a, the earth. 1. MEDITERRANEAN, n. (me- dius,)the seabetween Europe and Africa. 1. TERRES'TRIAL, a. pertain- ing to the earth. SUBTERRANEAN, a. under the surface of the earth (68- 3). TERRITORY, n. a district (17- 3). 1. The ancients gave the name of Mediterranean, because they supposed it to be in the middle of this terrestrial habitation. 632. Ter'r-eo, I fill with fear. Ter'rit-um, to fill with fear. 1. TERRIF'IC, a. frightful. DETER', v. to stop by fear (641). TER'RIBLE, a. fearful (20-3). TER'RIFY, v. to fill with fear (641). 1. The terrific explosion caused by the bursting of a torpedo will destroy a large ship, though it is an iron-clad. 633. Tes't-is, a witness. 1. TES'TAMENT, n. a will. 1. ATTEST', v. to certify. 1. TESTA'TOR,?I. one who makes a will. CONTEST'ED, p. disputed (290-2). INTES'TATE, a. without a will (465-2). PROTEST', v. to make a formal declaration against (98-2). PROT'ESTANTS, n. those who join in a protest (85-2). TESTIMONY, n. that which is affirmed by a witness (287- 3). CON' TEST, n. conflict (609). 1. It would invalidate a will or testament, if there were no witnesses to attest the fact that the testator was of sound mind. Jfl* O 210 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 634. Tex't-um, to weave. 1. CON'TEXT, n. connected pas- sages. 1. TEXT, n. a passage of Scrip- ture. PRE'TEXT,. apretence (195-1). TEXT'UKE, n. the manner in which a fabric is woven (178-1). 1. A gross perversion of truth may be made by taking a text without the context. 635. Tim'-eo, I fear. INTIM'IDATE, v. to terrify (303). TIM'ID, a. full of fear ; wanting TIM'OROUS, a. full of fear (285). courage (120-5). 636. Tirig-o, I dye. Tinc't-um, to dye. TINT, n. slight coloring (117-1). 637. Titul-US, title. 1. TI'TLE, n. appellation of dignity. 1. In France, an Archbishop has the title of Monseigneur, usually abbreviated to Mgr. 638. Tol'er-o> I bear. Toll-o, I lift up. 1. TOLERA'TION, n. the act of Toi/EBATE,v.to endure (285-2). tolerating. EXTOL', v.to praise highly (432). 1. Some of the Colonies determined to grant toleration to every religious faith. 639. ToT r p-eo 9 I am numb or torpid. TORPE'DO, n. a machine for TOR'PID, a. inactive; having blowing up ships (632). lost motion (152-1). 640. Tor'r-eo, I parch ; I burn. TOR'RENTS, n. strong currents TOR' RID, a. parched with heat (65-4). (576-6). 641. Tor't-um, to twist. Tormerit-um, extreme pain. 1. TORT'UOUS, a. crooked. RETORT'ED, v. threw back an objection (286-1). TORT'UOUS, a. crooked. EXTORT', v. to wrest from (120-2). EXTOR'TION, n. oppressive exaction (66-1). TOR'MENT, n. suffering (365). TORT'URE, n. extreme pain; suffering (120-2). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 211 1. The tortuous course of some African rivers, and the ferocious beasts (which lurk on the umbrageous banks), were formerly sufficient to terrify explorers, and deter them from even making an attempt. 642. To't-US, whole ; all. 1. TOTAL'ITY, n. the whole. | TO'TAL, a. entire (133-1). 1. During the period of totality, in the eclipse of 1878, there was a fine opportunity to observe the corona of the sun. 643. Tra'd-o, I deliver. Trad'it-um, to deliver. 1. TREA'SON, n. disloyalty. TRAI'TOR, n. one who levies 2. BETRAY', v. to disclose. war against his country, or TRADI'TION, n. that which is who adheres to its enemies, transmitted from age to age giving them aid, etc. (285- byoralcommunication(358). 3). 1. " Treason against the United States consists only in levying war against them, adhering to their enemies, etc." 2. Hamlet determined not to betray his suspicions, but to keep vigil himself, and see if a figure bearing any resemblance to his father would appear. 644. Tra'h-o 9 1 draw. Trac't-um, to draw. 1. PROTRACT', v. to prolong. 2. DISTRACT', v. to draw away. AB'STRACT, a. existing in the mind only (241-2). ATTRACTIVE, a. engaging (591-1). DETRACTION, n. slander (56-2). EXTRACT', v. to draw out (134-2). PORTRAY', v. depict (197-1). TRACT' ABLE, a. easily man- aged (138-2). TREAT, v. to use (222-1). TREA'TY, n. a league ; a cove- nant (17-1). CONTRACTION, n. the act of lessening (485). CONTRACT', v. to lessen (60- 2). POR'TRAIT, n. likeness (313-1). TRACT, n. district (414-1). TRAIT, n.. distinguishing char- acteristic (621). TREAT'MENT, n, usage (133-1). ATTRACT' (see page 37). 1. There was no desire in the Berlin Congress to protract the war. 2. A sentry must be vigilant, and allow nothing to distract his at- tention. 645. Tranquil'l-us, tranquil, calm. TRANQUIL'LITY, n. quietness (443). 212 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 646. Tre'm-o, I shake. TREMEN'DOUS, a. terrible; ex- TREM'ULOUS, a. quivering ; citing terror (127). shaking (211-3). 647. Tres (tri'a), three. 1. TRIV'IAL, a. (via,) unimportant. 1. During the voyage to Virginia, the most trivial remark of John Smith's, was regarded as intrusive by his companions. 648. Trib'u-o, I give. Tribu't-um, to give. ATTRIBUTABLE, a. ascribable (76-3). ATTRIB'UTE, v. to ascribe ; to impute (7-1). CONTRIB'UTE, v. give in com- mon with others (241-5). DISTEJB'UTE, v. to dispense (265-1). 649. Tru'd-o, I thrust. 1. INTRUDE', v. thrust them- selves in. 1. INTRUD'ER, n. one who en- ters without right. 2. PROTRUDE', v. to thrust out. lNTRu'siVE,a. entering with- out right (647). KETRiBu'TiON,n.requital; pun- ishment (584-3). RETRIB'UTIVE, a. requiting (250-6). TRIB'UTARY, a. contributive (618-1). TRIB'UTE, n. a tax paid to se- cure peace (246-4). Tru's-um, to thrust. INTRUSION, n. entrance with- out right (477-2). ABSTRUSE', a. difficult to be comprehended (232-1). ABSTRUSE'NESS, n. quality of being abstruse (606-2). OBTRUDE' (see page 37). 1. Cuckoos intrude upon any nest, whose occupants dare not ven- ture to repel the intruder. 2. In a prairie-dog village, do not be surprised to see a rattlesnake protrude its head from one of the openings. 650. Trie-or, I view; I guard, guarding. Tu' it-US, viewing; INTUI'TION, n. immediate per- ception of truth (625-2). 651. Tu'me-o, I swell. 1. TOMB, n. sepulchre. 2. ENTOMB'MENT,. interment. TUI'TION, n. instruction ; the act of teaching (589-1). Tum'b-a, a tomb. ENTOMB', v. to inter ; to de- posit in a tomb (600). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 213 CONTUMA'CIOUS, a. obstinate (623). CON'TUMACY, n. contempt of authority (71-2). CON'TUMEL Y, n. insolence (204) . TU'MID, a. swollen; distended; inflated (211-3). TU'MULT, n. a commotion (661). 1. The Taj, at Agra, in India, is probably the most superb tomb in the world ; it cost 3,174,802. 2. The buildings designed for the entombment of the native princes of India are marvels of beauty. 652. Turid-O, I beat ; I bruise. Tu's-um, to beat ; to bruise. CoNTu'siON,n. a bruise (124-4). | OBTUSE', a. dull (176). 653. Tur'b-a, a crowd ; a bustle. DISTURBANCE, n. confusion (180-1). IMPERTURBABLE, a. not to be agitated (146-3). PERTURBA'TION, n. agitation of TUR'BULENCE, n. insubordina- tion (192-1). TuR'BULENT,a.tumultuous(54- 3). TROUBLESOME, a. causing dis- turbance (54-3). mind (64-5). 654. Tur'g-eo, I swell. 1. TUR'GID, a. bombastic. 1. At a time when a turgid style was common, Bunyan wrote with great simplicity. 655. Tur'r-is, a tower. 1. TUR'RET, n. a little tower. 1. A turret placed at the corner of a building is called an angle-turret. 656. Tfl'tim-US, the last. Ul'tra, beyond. 1. OUT' RAGE, n. gross injury. UL'TIMATELY, (92-2). adv. finally ULTE'RIOR, a. further (550). ULTIMA'TUM, n. a final propo- sition (618-1). 1. The umbrella was unknown in England till the reign of Queen Anne, and then its advent in the hands of a man subjected him to abuse and outrage. 657. TTm'br-a, a shade. UM'BRAGE, n. offence (181-2). UMBREL'LA, n. a shade carried UMBRA' GEOUS, a. affording a shade; shady (641). in the hand for shelter from rain or sun (656). 214 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 658. Urid-a, a wave. 1. ABOUNDS',"^ exists in pro- fusion. 2. INUN'DATE, v. to overflow. 2. UN'DULATE, v. to rise in waves. REDUN'DANT, a. superfluous (614). UN'DULATiNG,a. rising in waves (75-14). ABUN'DANCE,n.profusion(107). SXJPEBABUN'DANCE,W. excessive abundance (541-1). ABUN'DANT, a. plentiful ; fully sufficient (377-2). 1. The Californian vulture abounds only on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. 2. Though the Nile rises sufficiently to inundate the country, yet its waters are found to undulate so little as to be scarcely perceptible. 659. TTrigu-o, I anoint. Unc't-um, to anoint. 1. OINT'MENT, n. tbat which 1. ANOINT', v. to pour oil upon. serves to anoint. UNCT'UOUS, a. oily (365). 1. To anoint the head with oil or with some precious ointment was, in oriental countries, a mark of special favor. 660. U'n-us, one. UNITY, n. oneness (416-2). UNITE', v. to join (335-2). U'NIVEKSE, n. (verto,) the whole system of created things (18-3). UNIVERSAL, a. (verto,) com- prising the whole (255-1). UNIVERSALITY, n. (verto,) un- limited 7)- application (65- 661. IT't-or, I use. Ws-iis, using. 1. USUKP', v. (rapio,) to seize without right. DISUSE', n. cessation of use (35-4). Us'AGE,n.treatment(133-l). U'SUAL, a. common (146-3). . ordinarily(lSO) UTEN'SILS, n. implements (430- 2). UTii/iTY,w.profitableness(542- i). ABUSE', n. ill treatment (656). 1. Vague rumors, that Caesar intended to usurp the supreme author- ity, abolish long established customs, and proclaim himself Emperor, pro- duced a great tumult in Rome. 662. Vac'c-a, a cow. VACCINA'TION, n. insertion of VAC'CINE, a. relating to a cow vaccine matter (499). (499-1). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 215 663. Va!c-o, I am empty. EVACUA'TION, n. the act of going out (21-6). VACATE', v. to make empty (97-2). VAC'UUM, n. an empty space ; (some assert there is no such thing as a vacuum ; " Nature abhors a vacuum.") (55-1). 664. Va'd-o, I go. Va's-um, to go. 1. EVA'SIVELY, adv. in a man- ner to avoid a direct reply or a charge. EVA'SION, n. an artifice to elude (509-3). INVASION, n. entrance with hostile intentions (528-2). EVADE' (see page 38). INVADE' (see page 38). PERVADE' (see page 38). 1. To the question, "Are you a spy?" Nathan Hale did not answer evasively 9 but simply said "Yes." 665. Va'g-US, wandering. 1. VAGA'RIES, n. fancies. I VAG'ABOND,^. an outcast (211- EXTBAV'AGANCE, n. excess (66-1). EXTRAVAGANT,^ excessive (232-2). 3). VA'GRANT, a. wandering (94- 3). VAGUE, a. indefinite (661). 1. "Who can account for the strange vagaries which are apt to delude us in our sleep ? 666. Va!l-eo 9 I am strong. Voile, farewell. 1. INVAL'ID, a. of no legal PEEV'ALENT, a. current (170- force. AVAIL' ABLE, a. capable of being used with advantage (54-2). CONVALESCENT, a. recover- ing health (168-1). INVALIDATE, v. lessen the force of (633). INVAL'UABLE , a. inestimable (168-1). PREVAIL', v. succeed (266). VALEDIC'TORY,??-. (dico,) a fare- well address (543-2). VAL'IANT, a. brave (24-2). VAL'ID, a. of legal force (11-5). VAL'OR, n. bravery (92-3). VAL'UABLE, a. having worth (319-2). VAL'UE, n. worth (43-2). 1. In 1687, Andross determined to declare the Charter of Connecticut invalid, and consolidate the province with New York ; by an adroit stratagem the Assembly managed to circumvent him. 216 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 667. Vdl'l-um, a rampart ; a bulwark. OIRCUMVALLA'TION, n. a line of defences surrounding the camp of a besieging army (60-2). 668. Var'ic-0, I straddle. PREVAB/ICATE, v. to equivocate (482). 669. Ve'h-o, I carry. Vec't-um, to carry. 1. CONVEX'ITY, n. state of bulging out. 2. CON' VEX, a. swelling into a rounded form. 3. VEX, v. to irritate. 4. VE'HICLE, n. a carriage. 5. VEXA'TION, n. irritation. INVEIGH', v. to rail against (208). lNVEc'TiVE,w.reproach(39). 1. To convey the idea of convexity, use the outside of an orange. L. What proofs can you bring to verify the statement, that the surface of the earth is convex ? 3. Few events in Washington's administration seemed to vex him so much as St. Glair's defeat by the Indians ; none of the excuses served to exonerate St. Clair from the charge of mismanagement. 4. The jaunting-car of Ireland is a curious vehicle 9 which a volup- tuary would not find quite so easy as a palace-car. 5. The numerous failures of Palissy the potter, caused much vex- ation to his wife and family. 670. Vel'l-o 9 I tear. Vuls-um, to tear. CONVUL'SION, n. any violent and irregular motion (490). 671. Ve'l-O, I cover ; I conceal. Vo'lup, agreeably. 1. DEVEL'OP, v. to disclose. 2. VEIL, n. a cover. 2. ENVEL'OP, v. to enclose. KEVEAL', v. disclose (417-1). REVELA'TION, n. a disclosing of what was hidden (115-1). 1. When yellow fever is about to develop itself, physicians are aware that other diseases are likely to supervene. 2. When a Moslem woman goes in the street she thinks it necessary to envelop herself in a veil. 672. Verid-o, I sell. 1. VEND, v. sell. 12. VE'NAL, a. corrupt. 1 VEND'ER, n. seller. I VENDUE',. an auction (43). i. In London, the term costermonger is applied to a vender of small wares, or to those who vend articles on the streets. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 217 2. A corrupt sovereign can usually find a venal prea o malign the character of any one who opposes him. 673. Ve'ni-o, I come. Verit-um, to come. 1 . CONTRAVENE', v. to contra- dict. AV'ENUE, n. any opening by which a place may be reached (688-1). AD'VENT, n. a coming to ; appearance (656). ADVENTITIOUS, a. accident- al (177-5). CIRCUMVENT', v. to deceive by stratagem (666). CONVENTION, n. assembly (94-1). CONVENTIONAL, a. sanc- tioned by usage (543-1). VEN'TUR-E, n. to dare (649). COV'ENANTERS, n. those who have signed a covenant (120-2). EVENT', n. circumstance (23). EVENT'UALLY, adv. in the issue (415-1). INVEN'TION, n. the making of that which did not exist be- fore (35-4). SUPERVENE', v. to come upon as something extraneous (671-1). KEV'ENUE, n. income (11-6). PREVENTIVE, n. that which hinders (52-3). PREVENT', v. to hinder (288-1). INTERVENE' (see page 38). CONVENE' (see page 38). 1. The opponents of Galileo (gal-e-lee'-o) tried every method to con- /avene his theory, and to convince the people that the sun moved around the earth. 674. Verit-us, the wind. 1 . VEN'TIL ATE , v . to afford free 2. VENT, n. an opening for air or any fluid to escape. circulation of air. 1. The air of a school-room soon becomes impure; to obviate the de- fect, it is necessary to ventilate the room. 2. In every mine there should be a vent for the escape of foul air. 675. Ver'b-um, a word. 1. VERB A'TIM A word for word. 2. VERB, n. a word which af- firms. 3. VERB'AL, a. oral ; not writ- ten. AD' VERB, n. a part of speech (8-1). 19 PROV'ERB, n. maxim; an old, common saying (561-6). VER'BIAGE, n. superabundance of words (543-1). VERBOS'ITY, n. the use of more words than are necessary (543-2). 218 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 1. Rules and definitions should be studied verbatim, lest, by some inadvertence, an important error should occur. 2. In acquiring a language, it is necessary to devote much time to the study of the verb. 3. Some verbal changes have taken place, since King James gave us the present version of the Bible, in 1611. 676. Ve're-or, I fear. 1. REV'EREND, a. worthy of reverence. REVERE', v. to regard with respect and fear (50-2). IRREV'ERENT, a. wanting in respect (544-1). REVEREN'TIAL, a. expressing reverence (125-7). 1. The word reverend occurs but once in the Bible "Holy and reverend is his name." 677. Ver'g-o, I bend, I incline. 1. CONVERGE', v. tend towards VERGE, n. the brink (85-4). each other. DIVERGE' (see page 38). 1. Lines which diverge in one direction must necessarily converge in the opposite direction ; and the converse, of course, is true that con- verging lines must diverge. 678. Ver'm-is, a worm. VER'MIN, n. noxious little animals, insects, etc. (64-2). 679. Ver't-o, I turn. Ver's-um, to turn. 1. IRREVERSIBLE, a. not ca- pable of being revoked. 1. ADVER'SITY, n. calamity. 2. CON'TROVERSY, n. disputa- tion. 3. VERSATILITY, n. capability of turning to new subjects. 4. lNVERSE'LY,a.inaninverted manner. ADVERSARY, n. an enemy (618-1). ADVERTISE', v. to publish a notice (11-2). ANIMADVER'SION, n. (ani- mus,) censure (625-1). AVER'SION, n. dislike (285-2). AD'vERSE,a. calamitous (75-8). CONVERSATION, n. inter- course (8-1). CONVERSION, n. radical change of moral character (214-1). CON'VERSE, n. a proposition in which the order is inverted (677). CON'TROVERT, v. to oppose in argument (625-1). DIVORCE', n. dissolution of the marriage contract (43-4). DIVERSIONS, n. amusements (495). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 219 DIVERSITY, n. variety (323). DIVERSIFY, v. to vary (589-1). lNADVER'TENCE,n.heedlessness (675-1). PERVER'SION, n. a wrong in- terpretation (634). REVERSED', v. changed to an opposite course (22-2). SUBVERSIVE, a. tending to overthrow (246-6). VER'TEX, n. the point where the lines of an angle meet (20-1). VERSED, a. skilled (93-2). VER'TICAL, a. directly over- head (576-6). VER'SION, n. translation (675- 3). CONVERT' (see page 38). DI'VERSE (see page 38). PERVERT' (see page 38). SUBVERT' (see page 38). ADVERT' (see page 38). AVERT' (see page 38). TRAV'ERSE (see page 38). 1. Raman, supposing the King's decree to be irreversible, rejoiced greatly at the adversity he was bringing upon the Jews. Esther, after devout supplication to God, revealed the plot to the King, and ob- tained a complete victory over the wicked Haman. 2. Henry VIII. delighted in controversy ; but as he would main- tain an opinion which was obviously incorrect, his opponent had no alter- native but to lapse into silence. 3. The graphic descriptions in Milton's beautiful epic exhibit the won- derful versatility of his genius. 4. Light, heat, and gravitation are inversely as the square of the distance. 680. Ve'r-us, true. Ve'rax (vera'cis), veracious. VERAc'iTY,n.truthfulness(422- 2). VER'iTABLE,a.genuine(358-l). VER'IFY, v. to prove to be true (669-2). VER'ITY, n. truth (572-2). 681. Vestig'i-um, a footstep. INVESTIGATE, v. to search into (410-2). VES'TIGE, n. a trace ; a track or footstep (380-1). 682. Ves't-is, a garment. VEST'URE, n. a robe ; garments ; VESTS, v. puts in possession of dress (505-2). (522-1). 683. Ve'to, I forbid. VE'TOED, v. said ; " I forbid " (198-1). 220 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 684:. Ve't-us (vet'er-is), old ; ancient. INVET'ERATE, a. fixed by long continuance (148-1). 685. Vi'-a, a way. DEVIA'TION, n. turning aside (65-11). IMPER'VIOUS, a. impenetrable (156-2). OB'VIATE, v. to remove (674-1). OB'VIOUS, a. evident (140-8). 686. Vici!n-US 9 near in place. VICIN'ITY, n. nearness (576-4). 687. Vi'c-is, change. 1. VIC'AR, n. one deputed to perform the functions of an- other. VET'ERAN, n. an old soldier (550). OB'VIOUSLY, adv. evidently (679-2). PRE'VIOUSLY, adv. in time pre- ceding (94-3). VOY'AGE, n. a journey, espe- cially by water (44-1). 2. VICIS'SITUDE, n. change; officer deputed to exercise the powers of a sovereign (234). VICE-PRES'IDENT, n. (sedeo,) one in place of the President revolution. VICE-GE'RENT, n. (gero,) an 1. Goldsmith, in the " Vicar of Wakefield," has made the Primrose family famous. 2. In every vicissitude of fortune, Margaret, Queen of Henry VI., was consoled by the steady adherence of the House of Lancaster. 688. Vid'e-o, I see. Vi's-um, to see. 1. SURVEY', v. to look over. 1. VIS'TA, n. prospect through an avenue. 2. PROVI'SO, n. exception pro- vided for. EV'IDENCE, n. proof (286-1). Ev'iDENT,a. apparent (138- 3). INVISIBLE, a. not to be seen (618-2). PROVIDE', v. to prepare ; to supply (13-1). PROV'IDENCE, n. forethought (557). ADVICE', n. counsel ; intelli- gence (56-5). PROVIDING, part, supplying (18-1). PROVISION, n. special enact- ment (62-2). PRU'DENT, a. careful ; wise (140-6). SUPERVISION, n. oversight (557). LATIN DERIVATIVES. 221 Vis' AGE, n. the countenance (509). VIEW, n. appearance (177-1). VIS'IBLE, a. capable of being seen (428-1). VIS'ION, n. sight (42-2). 1. To survey the Chapel of Trinity College, England, through the vista formed by a noble avenue of trees, affords one of the finest sights in Cambridge. 2. The Constitution makes this proviso to the power of amendment : "That no State shall, without its consent, be deprived of its " vote in the Senate. 689. Vi'gil, awake ; watchful. VIG'ILANT, n. attentive to dis- avoid danger cover and (644-2). VIG'IL, n. watch ; abstinence from sleep (643-2). 690. Vi'gor, strength ; energy. INVIG'ORATE, v. to strengthen VIG'OK, n. energy ; strength of (115-2). mind or body (75-2). 691. Viric-O, I conquer. Vic't-um, to conquer. 1. CONVICT', v. to pronounce guilty. 2. VAN'QUISH, v. to conquer. 3. VIC'TOE, n. conqueror. CONVINCE', v. to persuade (673). CONVINCED', p. persuaded (11-3). EVINCE', v. to exhibit (585). INVIN'CIBLE, a. unconquerable (204-4). PROV'INCE, n. a country sub- ject to a foreign power (22). VIC'TOKY, n. success over an enemy (321-2). VIC'TIM,. a sacrifice; a person or thing sacrificed (228-2). CONVIC'TION, n. belief (54). 1. Two witnesses to the same overt act are necessary, in the United States, to convict a person of treason. 2. From 334 to 324 B. C., Alexander the Great was able to van- quish all who opposed him. 3. The victor in ancient games was crowned with a wreath of laurel. 692. Virid-ex (viri die-is), a defender ; an avenger REVENGE', v. to vindicate (21- 5). VEN'GEANCE, n. recompense of evil (228-2). 19* VIN'DICATE, v. to defend (371- 4). ViNDic'TiVE,a.revengeful(451- 4). 222 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 693. Vi'n-um, wine. 1. VI'NOUS, a. having the qual- ities of wine. 2. VIN'TAGE, n. the gathering of the crop of grapes. GRAPE-VINE, n. a climbing- plant (56-8). VIN'EGAR, n. (acer,) an acid liquor (3-1). 1. Many articles besides grapes have vinous qualities ; large quanti- ties of wine are made from berries. 2. The time of the vintage in France is a period of great hilarity.. 694. Viola' t-um, to injure. 1. VI'OLENT, a. forcible ; ve- VIOLATION, n. transgression hement. (500). 1. Care should be taken that gymnastic exercises are not too violent. 695. Vir, a man. 1. VIRA'GO, n. A bold woman. 1. Xantippe, the wife of Socrates, was a virago, noted for her vul- garity and voluble tongue. 696. Vir't-US, valor ; moral goodness. 1. VIR'TUE, n. moral excellence. 1. Cornelia, a Roman matron, noted for her virtue and probity, showed her maternal affection by exhibiting her sons as her "jewels." 697. Vi'r-us, poison. VIR'ULENCE, n. malignancy VIR'ULENT, a. malignant (699- (489-2). 2). 698. Vi't-O, I shun, I avoid. 1. INEV'ITABLY, adv. unavoid- INEVITABLE, a. unavoidable ably. (35-8). 1. Knowing what must inevitably follow the occupation of New York by the British, the patriots hastened to remove all confiscable prop- erty. 699. Vitr -um, glass. 1. VIT'RIFY, v. to convert into 2. VIT'RIOL, n. sulphuric acid ; glass. a soluble sulphate of a metal. 1. In Scotland, there are old stone enclosures which look like coarse glass, but what has caused the stone to vitrify is not known. LATIN DERIVATIVES. 223 2. When virulent poisons, such as vitriol 9 arsenic, etc., have been taken in small quantities, a physician may be able to neutralize their effects. 700. Vi'v-o, I live. Vitit-um, to live. 1. VIV'IFY, v. endue with life. 2. SURVIVE', v. to continue to live. CONVIV'IAL, a. festive (185). VIV'ID, a. lively (173-2). VIC'TUALS, n. food (477-1). VI'TAL, a. (629-1). highly important VivAc'iTY,n.liveliness (168-1). KEVIVE' (see page 39). 1. How quickly, after a long winter, does the returning sun disperse the clouds and gloom, and vivify the face of nature. 2. Few persons from a southern latitude are likely to survive the rigors of an Arctic winter. 701. Vo'c-o, I call. Voca!t-nm 9 to call. 1. VOCIF'ERATES, v. (fero,) ut- ters with a loud voice. 2. INVOKE', v. to ask solemnly. AD'VOCATE, n. a pleader (64-5). AVOCA'TION, n. employment (140-7). CONVOCATION, n. an assem- bly (22-2). EQUIV'OCAL, a. (aequus,) ambiguous (608-1). INVOCATION, n. prayer (462). IRREVOCABLE, a. not cap- able of being repealed (64-5). PROVOKE', v. to irritate (121-1). PROVOCATION, n. cause of re- sentment (204-4). VOCAB'ULARY, n. a dictionary ; a list of words (139-3). VO'CAL, a. relating to the voice (94-2). VOCA'TION,. business (319-2). VOICE, n. sound uttered by the mouth (42-2). VOCIF'EROUS, a. (fero,) noisy (43-1). VOW'EL, n. a letter (321-1). REVOKE', v. to repeal (140-7). CONVOKE' (see page 39). 1. Before making a proclamation in court, a crier vociferates, three times, " yes ; " meaning " oyez" attend. 2. Rev. Mr. Duche, appointed by the First Congress to invoke the blessing of God upon the American cause, was so afraid of being con- sidered an insurgent that he fled to Nova Scotia. 702. Vo'l-o, I fly. VOL'ATILE, a. fickle ; evaporated (124-1). Vola't-um, to fly. easily VOL'LEY, n. (438-1). a flight of shot 224 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 703. Vo'l-o, I will; I desire, desire. Volurit-as, will; 1. BENEV'OLENCE, n. (bene,) desire to do good. 1. VOL'UNTARY, a. without compulsion. 2. MALEVOLENCE, n. (malus,) ill-will. VOLUNTEERS', n. voluntary soldiers (30-1). 1. The benevolence of Regulus and his voluntary return to Car- tnage, have immortalized him in Roman history. 2. Such was the malevolence of Cato, towards Carthage, that every speech on the subject ended with " Carthage must be destroyed." 704. Volup't-as, pleasure. VOLUP'TUOUS, a. devoted to VOLUP'TUARY, n. one who is KEVOLU'TION, an entire luxury and pleasure (124-1). devoted to pleasure (669-4). 705. Vol'v-o, I roll. Volu't-um, to roll. 1. EVOLVE', v. to roll out; pro- duce ; disclose. 2. VOL'UME, n. a book. INVOLVES', v. implies, im- plicates (170-4). KEVOLT', v. to renounce al- legiance (246-5). change in government (11- 6). ' VOL'UBLE, a. fluent in speech (695). KEVOLVE', v. move round a centre (576-2). 1. It is interesting to go into a factory and watch the workmen, as they evolve the beautiful white paper from rags. 2. We call a book a volume , although it is no longer a roll. 706. Vo'ro, I devour. 1. OMNIV'OROUS, a. (omnis,) eating everything. DEVOURED', v. ate up greed- ily (177-4). VORAC'ITY, n. greediness of appetite (451-1). GARNI V'OROUS, a. (caro,) eat- ing flesh (249-1). 1. Man is omnivorous; this is shown by the shape of the teeth. 707. Vo've-o, I vow. Vo't-um, to vow. 1. VO'TARY, n. one devoted to some particular object. 2. AVOWED',^. declared openly. DEVOUT', a. earnest and sol- emn (679-1). DEVOTE', v. to give up wholly (675-2). DEVOTEE', n. one who is dedi- cated (305-1). VOTE, n. suffrage (688-2). REVIEW OF ROOTS. 225 1. Queen Elizabeth, the votary of pleasure, was subject to attacks of the deepest melancholy. 2. In 1776, the Marquis de Lafayette avowed his determination to espouse the cause of the American Colonies. 708. Vul'g-US, the common people. DIVULGE', v. to make known (167). VUL'GAR, a. common (75-12). VUL'GAKISM,W. vulgarity (179- 1). VULGARITY, n. grossness (695). 709. Vul'n-us (vul'ner-is), a wound. 1. INVUL'NERABLE, a. not ca- VUL'NERABLE, a. capable of pable of being wounded. being wounded (618-1). 1. The mother of Achilles, in order to render him invulnerable, dipped him in the river Styx. 710. Vul'tur, a vulture. VUL'TUBE n. a ravenous and carnivorous bird (658-1). REVIEW OF ROOTS. 25. 1. Acidulate. 2. Centennial. 3. Pusillanimous. 4. Acetifica- tion. 5. Cogent. 6. Coalesce. 7. Preamble. 8. Anguish. 9. Ancient. 10. Acumen. 11. Adulation. 12. Cogitate. 13. Enemy. 14. Acerbity. 15. Inimical. 16. Pilgrims. 17. Agile. 18. Litigious. 19. Navigable. 20. Aperture. 21. Amplification. 22. Inalienable. 23. Centennial. 24. Unanimity. 25. Acrid. 50. 1. Terraqueous. 2. Coerce. 3. Aviary. 4. Inertia. 5. Ben- efice. 6. Adapt. 7. Argentiferous. 8. Arbitrament. 9. Exercise. 10. Articles. 11. Arduous. 12. Obedience. 13. Auspices. 14. Author. 15. Arboriculture. 16. Armada. 17. Benign. 18. Belligerent. 19. Atroci- ties. 20. Audience. 21. Audacious. 22. Auriferous. 23. Aqueduct. 24. Arson. 25. Adulterate. 75. 1. Charms. 2. Decisive. 3. Scald. 4. Boil. 5. Incensed. 6. Incident. 7, Biscuit. 8. Bounty. 9. Imbibed. 10. Abbreviate. 11. Calamitous. 12. Suicide. 13. Eecipe (re'-ci-pe). 14. Cherished. 15. Precipice. 16. Ceaseless. 17. Armament. 18. Barbarous. 19. Auxil- iary. 20. Exercise. 21. Aviary. 22. Authority. 23. Incentive. 24. Ancestor. 25. Peregrinations. P 226 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 100. 1. Discriminating. 2. Centennial. 3. Celebration. 4. In- cinerate. 5. Disconcert. 6. Cloister. 7. Concern. 8. Ascertain. 9. Suc- cinct. 10. Chart. 11. Clinical. 12. Seclusion. 13. Clandestinely. 14. Clarion. 15. Civic. 16. Quadrangle. 17. Arduous. 18. Exaggeration. 19. Enmity. 20. Coerce. 21. Exigency. 22. Agrarian. 23. Alterca- tion. 24. Inert. 25. Concise. 150. 1. Render. 2. Digit. 3. Dentifrice. 4. Contradictory. 5. Recourse. 6. Condemn. 7. Codicil. 8. Cultivate. 9. Dial. 10. Incre- dulity. 11. Corpulency. 12. Discouragement. 13. Corollary. 14. Pro- crastination. 15. Discrepancy. 16. Recriminate. 17. Proxy. 18. Cru- sade. 19. Decennial. 20. Dictates. 21. Indicate. 22. Predominate. 23. Divination. 24. Sinecure. 25. Cruel. 200. 1. Festival. 2. Sobriety. 3. Equilibrium. 4. Ambient. 5. Fallacious. 6. Pontiff. 7. Preface. 8. Confederacy. 9. Extraneous. 10. Conduit. 11. Domicile. 12. Dormitory. 13. Domineer. 14. Con- dole. 15. Indomitable. 16. Fatal. 17. Edacity. 18. Familiar. 19. Sample. 20. Strange. 21. Fanatic. 22. Fierce. 23. Affability. 24. Pestiferous. 25. Deign. 250. 1. Effigy. 2. Granite. 3. Glutton. 4. Degree. 5. Primo- geniture. 6. Generated. 7. Perfumery. 8. Fratricide. 9. Flagrant. 10. Flexible. 11. Fluctuate. 12. Confute. 13. Fictitious. 14. Feigned. 15. Fixed. 16. Efflorescence. 17. Fruition. 18. Comfort. 19. Fossils. 20. Irrefragable. 21. Agree. 22. Gesture. 23. Effluvium. 24. Florid. 25. Funeral. 300. 1. Hosts. 2. Cite. 3. Rejuvenescence. 4. Fine. 5. In- trinsic. 6. Isolated. 7. Host. 8. Grief. 9. Hesitate. 10. Govern. 11. Horrible. 12. Inanition. 13. Adjacent. 14. Conjure. 15. Injurious. 16. Joke. 17. Prolix. 18. Collateral. 19. Dilate. 20. Lachrymal. 21. Collapse. 22. Dejection. 23. Itinerant. 24. Imitation. 25. Egregious. 350. 1. Dialects. 2. Merchandise. 3. Reminiscence. 4. Maritime. 5. Circumlocution. 6. Lunatic. 7. Heir. 8. Emanate, 9. Soliloquy. 10. Allegiance. 11. Relief. 12. Mercenary. 13. Alleviate. 14. Deliv- ery. 15. Relinquish. 16. Malicious. 17. Remain. 18. Medical. 19. Premeditated. 20. Permeate. 21. Relic. 22. Ludicrous. 23. Professed. 24. Efficacious. 25. Locomotion. 26. Deliberation. 400. 1. Litigious. 2. Immigration. 3. Eminent. 4. Nuptials. 5. Deny. 6. Maladministration. 7. Misery. 8. Moribund. 9. Para- mount. 10. Summon. 11. Nudity. 12. Multifarious. 13. Recon- noitring. 14. Diminish. 15. Promiscuous. 16. Ammunition. 17. Nau- tical. 18. Equinoctial. 19. Nefarious. 20. Supernumeraries. 21. Meandering. 22. Matter. 23. Admonish. 24. Municipal. 25. Musician. REVIEW OF ROOTS. 227 450. 1, Ocular. 2. Enunciation. 3. Adult. 4. Oriental. 5. Peer. 6. Circuit. 7. Enumerate. 8. Impediment. 9. Penitence. 10. Peculate. 11. Impatient. 12. Particle. 13. Expansion. 14. Reparation. 15. Ordinary. 16. Exonerate. 17. Redolent. 18. Omnipotent. 19. Ornate. 20. Oval. 21. Peroration. 22. Exorbitant. 23. Obsolete. 24. Compen- sate. 25. Oblivion. 500. 1. Pulverization. 2. Punctuate. 3. Accomplice. 4. Comple- ment. 5. Plebeian. 6. Complacence. 7. Deplorable. 8. Potentate. 9. Competition. 10. Preposterous. 11. Deprecate. 12. Prove. 13. Pro- priety. 14. Repugnant. 15. Petulant. 16. Pomological. 17. Pedes- trian. 18. Impunity. 19. Pusillanimity. 20. Implacable. 21. Expia- tory. 22. Explosion. 23. Pontoon. 24. Publish. 25. Comprehend. 550. 1. Acquiesce. 2. Multifarious. 3. Insatiable. 4. Sanguin- ary. 5. Sagacious. 6. Amputation. 7. Inquisitive. 8. Abrogate. 9. Risible. 10. Corroborate. 11. Eradicate. 12. Irradiate. 13. Rotation. 14. Coy. 15. Raving. 16. Abrasion. 17. Incorrigible. 18. Reason. 19. Surreptitious. 20. Irrigate. 21. Erudite. 22. Rusticate. 23. Pre- sage. 24. Sacrilege. 25. Saccharine. 600. 1. Consternation. 2. Dissemination. 3. Obsequious. 4. Ex- tant. 5. Assimilate. 6. Subservient. 7. Disconsolate. 8. Asseveration. 9. Subsidiary. 10. Dissertation. 11. Assiduous. 12. Inscrutable. 13. Secular. 14. Sexagenarian. 15. Sinister. 16. Sociable. 17. Solvency. 18. Sordid. 19. Expatiate. 20. Extinct. 21. Strain. 22. Desperado. 23. Sound. 24. Specie. 25. Solar. 650. 1. Extirpation. 2. Perspicuity. 3. Determination. 4. Tui- tion. 5. Extortion. 6. Sustenance. 7. Temporal. 8. Contiguous. 9. Suicidal. 10. Destructive. 11. Supercilious. 12. Insurrection. 13. Strenuous. 14. Assuage. 15. Dissuade. 16. Entirely. 17. Contingent. 18. Extensive. 19. Tantamount. 20. Detriment. 21. Intestate. 22. Intrusive. 23. Tomb. 24. Conterminous. 25. Pertinacity. 710. 1. Imperturbable. 2. Valedictory. 3. Redundant. 4. Um- brage. 5. Virulent. 6. Avocation. 7. Impervious. 8. Invigorate. 9. Equivocal. 10. Ventilate. 11. Envelop. 12. Contumaciousness. 13. Prevalent. 14. Universal. 15. Veritable. 16. Subversive. 17. Revere. 18. Abuse. 19. Vaccination. 20. Unctuous. 21. Invulnerable. 22. Vindictive. 23. Avow. 24. Survey. 25. Voyage. III. GREEK DERIVATIVES. I. GREEK ALPHABET. A a Alpha a B /? 6 Beta b r y Gamma g A 6 Delta d E e Epsilon 6 short. Z I Zeta . z H TI Eta e long. # Theta th 1 1 Iota i K x Kappa k or c. A A . Lambda 1 M fj, Mu ... ^ ..... m N v Nu n S Xi x o Omicron 6 short. n TT Pi (pi) p P p Rho r 2 er, final c Sigma s T r Tail t TV Upsilon u or y 4> Q Phi ph X x Chi (ki) ch * ^ Psi (psi) ps Q w Omega 6 long. 228 GREEK DERIVATIVES. 229 II. SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS. 1. Gamma (y) is always hard, like g in get; ge, the earth, is not pronounced^; gy'-ne, a woman, g hard, noijy-ne. 2. When two #'s occur in a Greek word, they are repre- sented in English by ng or ngg ; thus, ayy*M.o, aggello, is written in English angello; ayyatov, aggeion, is written angion. 3. Epsilon () is always short ; it can be represented in English by e. 4. Eta (iff) is always long; it can be represented by e. 5. Kappa (*) was formerly rendered by c ; it is now fre- quently represented by the English k. Kappa is always pro- nounced hard, like k; centron and kentron, for xtvtpov, the centre, are pronounced alike. 6. Upsilon (yoop'si-lon) (v) can be written either u or y. 7. The root of cycle can be written Jcyklos, Jcuklos, cyclos, or cuclos. 8. Chi (%) is represented in English by ch, and is always sounded like k ; hence, in Greek derivatives, ch is generally hard, chronol'ogy (kro) ; archaeology (arke-ol'-o-gy). 9. Ai and ei are pronounced in Greek like i in ice; these vowels are sometimes rendered into English by i ; cheir, chir, the hand ; daimon is rendered by daemon and demon. Pupils should carefully note these differences, and if a word is not found under one spelling, search for it under another. 10. There is no h in Greek. In a Greek word, the aspira- tion or sound of h is indicated by an inverted comma, thus, Irtfa, hepta, seven ; the comma over epsilon shows that it must be pronounced hepta. The root of cathedral can be either edra or hedra. When the root does not commence with A, it gives to the prefix the form of cath. So the prefix epi has the form eph, if emera instead of hemera is the root of ephemeral. 11. Ou, as in akou'o, is pronounced like count. 20 230 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 12. Different forms of Greek words. Eu, Ev, good, well. En, Hen, one. Odoys, Odous, a tooth. Economic from Eceo, Ekeo, I dwell, or from OiJcos, a house. Diaphanous, Phaino, I make appear, or Pheno, Phano, to appear. Eikon, Eicon, Ikon, Icon, an image. With careful study, it is not difficult to recognize these various forms. III. PREFIXES DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 1. A or An signifies want of, without, not. Apathy, want of feeling ; Anomalous, not regular. Affixes such as A or An, which reverse the meaning of the root, giving the word a contrary sense, are termed "privative" 2. Al signifies the. This prefix is probably Arabic, and is found in but few words, Alchemy, Alcoran (al-ko-rawn' or al r ko-ran), Almanac, etc. 3. Amphi signifies both, on all sides, double. Amphibious, capable of living both on land and in water ; Amphitheatre, a theatre on all sides. The Latin prefix Ambi (ambo, both,) is sometimes used with a Greek root. Ambilogy, ambiguous discourse. 4. Ana signifies through, up, back, again. Analysis, a loosing through, a resolving bach into its constituent parts. Anchor- ite, Anchoret, or Anach'oret, a hermit ; one who withdraws from the world. 5. Anti or Ant signifies opposite to, against. Antarctic, oppo- site to the Arctic regions. Antipodes, the people whose feet are opposite to ours. 6. Apo or Ap signifies from, off, away. Aphelion, the point in a planet's orbit farthest from the sun. Apostate, one who falls away from a cause or belief. 7. Cata (for Kata) or Cat signifies down, from side to side, relating to. Catarrh, a flowing down. Cathedral, the head GREEK DERIVATIVES. 231 church in a diocese, from which rules and regulations come down. Catholic, relating to the whole. 8. Dia or Di signifies through, apart. Diameter, measure through. Diaeresis, a placing apart in two syllables what might be united in one. 9. EC (for Ek), Ex, or E signifies out, from. Exodus, a going out. Enervate, to take the nerve (or strength) from. 10. En or Em signifies in, on. Encyclical, intended for many. Emphasis, a stress of the voice on a word. 11. Epi or Ep signifies upon, after, for. Epidemic, upon the people. Ephemeral, lasting for a day. Epilogue, a poem after a play. 12. Hemi (abbreviation of Hemisus, half,) signifies half. 13. Hyper signifies above, over, beyond. Hyperbole, a shoot- ing above or beyond the mark. Hypercritical, over critical. 14. Hypo or Hyp signifies under. Hypothesis, a placing under; a supposition. 15. Kata, See Gata. 16. Meta or Met signifies after, beyond, according to. Meta- physics, the science of mind (beyond or after physics). 17. Para, par, or pa signifies beside, like, similar. Parody, a song like or in imitation of another. Palsy, paralysis. Paraselene, a mock moon. 18. Peri, round, about. Perimeter, the measure round, the circumference. 19. Pro signifies before. Prologue, a poem spoken before a play ; a preface. 20. Semi signifies half. Semitone, half 'a tone. Semi-diam- eter, half a diameter. 21. Syn, Syl, Sym, or Sy signifies with, together. Syntax, placing together. System, a standing together ; an assemblage of objects arranged according to some distinct method. 232 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. IV. SUFFIXES. The suffixes in Greek derivatives are generally the same as in the Latin. A few, used principally with Greek roots, are not included in the list of suffixes, page 39. 1. Ac signifies of, belonging, relating, or pertaining to. De- moniac, belonging to a demon. Cardiac, of the heart. 2. Ic signifies one who or the person that; pertaining to, like, made of. Gnostic, one of an early sect in the Christian Church. Cynic, one who is surly, like a dog. This suffix is also found in a few Latin derivatives formed from adjectives. Rustic, one who lives in the country. 3. Ide signifies in chemistry, the electro-negative element in a binary combination. As it is the last syllable of Acide, Fr., it should not be changed to id, yd, or yde. 4. Isk signifies small. Asterisk, a little star, thus, *, used in printing for reference. 5. Ism, Asm, or Sm signifies state or quality of being, idiom; doctrine or doctrines of; ing. Enthusiasm, state of being enthu- siastic. Atheism, the doctrine that there is no God. 6. Ite (from JJithos, stone,) signifies stone. Melanite, selen- ite, quartzite, etc., minerals. Ite and Ate are also used in chemistry. Salts of sulphuric acid are called sulphates, salts of sulphurous acid are called sulphites; of nitric acid, nitrates, and of nitrous acid, ni- trites. V. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 1. Ach'os, pain. &.CHE, to be in pain ; a continued pain. 2. Adel'pTlOS, a brother. POLYADEL'PHIA, a class of plants having their stamens united in three or more bodies by the filaments. TKIADELPH'OUS, (tria,) having stamens joined by their fila- ments into three bundles. 3. Aer, the air. A'EKOLITE, (lithos,) a meteoric stone. A'ERONAUT, (nauta,) one who sails in the air. AE'BIAL, belonging to the air ; high ; lofty. AE'EIE, (e'ry or a'ry,) the nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle. 4. Ago, I lead. Ago'geus, a leader. PARAGO'GE, the addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word. SYN'AGOGUE, a place where Israelites meet for worship. 5. Agon, a combat. AG'ONY, violent pain. ANTAGONIST, one who contends with another. 6. Ag'ora, a public place ; an assembly. AL'LEGORY, (allos, another,) a figurative discourse, implying something not literally expressed. CAT'EGORY, a series of ideas ; a class. 20* 233 234 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 7. Akdcle'mia, a grove near Athens, where Plato taught philosophy. ACAD'EMY, a society for the promotion of science or art ; a place of education. ACADEM'IC, relating to an academy. 8. Akou'o, I hear. ACOUS'TICS, (a-kow'stiks,) the science which treats of sound. 9. Ak'ron, end, summit. ACROP'OLIS, (polis,) the upper or higher part of a Grecian city ; the citadel of a town. ACROS'TIC, (stichos,) a poem of which the first letters of the lines make up some word. 10. Algos, pain. CARDIAL'GIA, (kardia,) an uneasy sensation in the stomach ; the heart-burn. CEPH'ALALGY, (kephale,) the headache. 11. AllaxUs, a change. PAR'ALLAX, the difference between the true and apparent place of a heavenly body. 12. Alle'lon,, one another ; each other. PAR'ALLEL, equally distant in every part ; having the same direction. PARALLELOGRAM, (gramma,) a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel. PARALLELOPI'PED, (pedon, a plane,) a solid figure contained under six parallelograms, of which the opposite ones are equal and parallel. 13. Al'phd, the first letter in the Greek alphabet. ALPHABET'ICALLY, (beta,) in alphabetic order. 14. Ariemos, the wind. ANEMOM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument to ascertain the strength of the wind. ANEM'ONE, the wind-flower ; the ranunculus. ANEMOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) a description of the winds. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 235 15. An'er, an'dros, a man. ALEXAN'DER, (alexeo, I help,) a helper ; one who wards off. ANDROPH'AGOUS, (phago,) inclined to cannibalism. TRIAN'DRIAN, (tria,) having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower. 16. Ange!llo 9 I bring tidings. AN'GEL, a messenger, a spirit. AEGEAN' GEL, (arche,) an angel of the highest order. EVAN'GELIST, (eu,) a writer of the history of our Saviour. EVANGEL'ICAL, (eu,) according to the Gospel. 17. AritJlOS, a flower. AN'THER, the tip of a stamen in a flower. ANTHOL'OGY, (logos,) a collection of flowers or poems. POLYAN'THUS, (poly,) a plant with flowers in clusters. 18. Anthro'pos, a man. ANTHROPOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of the structure of the human body. ANTHROPOPH'AGI, (phago,) man-eaters, cannibals. MISAN'THROPY, (misos,) hatred of mankind. PHILANTHROPY, (philos,) love of mankind. 19. Atfche, the beginning ; government. AN'ARCEY, want qf government, political confusion. ARCH^EOL'OGY, (logos,) the science or knowledge of antiquities. AR'CHAISM, an ancient phrase. AR'CHETYPE, (typos,) the original ; a model. AR'CHIVES, records ; a place for keeping records. HEP'TARCHY, (hepta,) a sevenfold government. HIERARCHY, (hieros,) order or rank of celestial beings ; eccle siastical government. MON'ARCH, (monos,) a sovereign; a sole ruler. PA'TRIARCH, (pater,) the ruler of a family or a church, 20. ArKtOS, a bear ; the north. ARC'TIC, northern. ANTARCTIC, relating to the south pole ; southern. 236 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 21. Arts' tOS, noblest ; best. ARISTOC'RACY, (kratos,) government by the nobles ; the nobil- ity or higher classes. ARIS'TOCRAT, (kratos,) one who favors aristocracy. 22. Arith'mos, number. ARITH'METIC, the science and art of numbers. LOG'ARITHMS, (logos,) a series of numbers in arithmetical progression, corresponding to another series in geometrical progression. 23. Aro'ma, aro'mata, spices. ARO'MA, the fragrant principle in plants. AROMAT'ICS, fragrant spices. 24. As'keo, I practise, I cultivate. ASCET'IC, a devout recluse ; a hermit. 25. As'tron, a star. AS'TERISK, a star or mark in printing, as *. AS'TEKOID, (eidos,) a name given to certain small planets. AS'TRAL, starry ; belonging to the stars. ASTROL'OGY, (logos,) the pretended science of foretelling by the stars. ASTRON'OMY, (nomos,) the science which treats of the heavenly bodies. DISAS'TER, misfortune, calamity. 26. Ath'los, combat, struggle. ATHLET'IC, strong of body ; vigorous. 27. Afmos, vapor ; air. AT'MOSPHERE, (sphaira,) the air which encompasses the earth. ATMOSPHER'IC, (sphaira,) belonging to the atmosphere. 28. Au!lO8, a pipe. HYDRAU'LICS, (hydor,) the science which treats of the motion and force of fluids. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 237 29. Aufheriteo, I authorize. AUTHEN'TIC, having authority ; genuine. AUTHENTIC'ITY, genuineness ; authority. 30. Au'tOS, one's self. AUTOBIOG'RAPHY, (bios, grapho,) the life of a person written by himself. AU'TOCRAT, (kratos,) an absolute monarch, a ruler. AU'TOGRAPH, (grapho,) one's own hand- writing. AUTON'OMY, (nomos,) self-government. AU'TOPSY, (opsis,) ocular demonstration. 31. Axio'ma, a maxim ; a plain truth. AX'IOM, a self-evident truth. 32. Bal'lo. See Bol'eo. 33. BdVsamon, balm, fragrant ointment. BALM'Y, fragrant ; soothing. BAL'SAM, a shrub ; a soothing ointment. EMBALM', to preserve from decay ; to fill with aromatics. 34. Bap' to, I dip ; I wash. ANABAP'TIST, one who holds the doctrine that adults only should be baptized. BAP'TIST, one opposed to infant baptism. BAPTIZE', to administer the sacrament of baptism. PEDOBAP'TISM, (paidos,) the baptism of infants. 35. Ba'ros, weight. BAROM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument for measuring the weight of the atmosphere. BAR'OSCOPE, (skopeo,) an instrument to show the weight of the atmosphere. BAR'YTONE, (tonos,) noting a grave, deep sound. 36. Ba'sileus, a king. BASIL'ICA, a hall or court of justice ; originally the palace of a king. 238 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. BASIL'ICON, a salve, an ointment. BAS'ILISK, a fabulous serpent; a large piece of ordnance. 37. Bo! sis, that on which anything stands. BASE, the bottom ; the foundation. DEBASE', to lower, to degrade. 38. Be'td, the second letter of the Greek alphabet. AL'PHABET, (alpha,) the letters of a language. 39. Bib'los, inner bark ; a book. BI'BLE, the sacred scriptures. BIBLIOG'RAPHER, (grapho,) one skilled in the knowledge of books. BIBLIOMA'NIA, (mania,) a rage for possessing rare and curious books. BIBLIOP'OLIST, (poleo,) a bookseller. BIBLIOTHE'CAL, (theke,) belonging to a library. 40. Bi'os, life. AMPHIB'IOUS, having the power of living in two elements. BIOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the history or account of a life. BIOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of life. CEN'OBITE, (koinos, common,) a monk who lives in a commu- nity. 41. Blap'tO, I hinder ; I injure. BLASPHEME', (phano,) to speak impiously of God ; to curse. BLAS'PHEMY, (phano,) indignity offered to God by words or writing. 42. Bol'eo, or Bal'lo, I cast or throw. DIABOL'ICAL, (diabolus, the devil,) atrocious; outrageously wicked. EM'BLEM, a symbol or type. HYPER'BOLA, a section of a cone. HYPER'BOLE, a rhetorical figure which represents things greater or less than they really are. PAR' ABLE, a similitude ; an allegory. PARAB'OLA, one of the conic sections. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 239 PARAB'OLOID, (eidos,) the solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis. PROB'LEM, a question proposed for solution. PROBLEM AT'ICAL, uncertain, questionable. SYM'BOL, a sign, an emblem. SYM'BOLIZE, to have a resemblance of qualities. 43. Botfane, an herb ; a plant. BOTAN'ICAL, relating to plants. BOT'ANY, the science which treats of plants. 44. Brorichos, the throat, the wind-pipe. BRON'CHIAL, belonging to the throat. BRONCHI'TIS, (bron-ki'tis,) an inflammation of the bronchial membrane. BRON'CHOCELE, (kele,) a tumor in the throat. BRONCHOT'OMY, (tomos,) the operation of cutting the wind- pipe. 45. Bou'Ttolos, a shepherd. BUCOL'IC, a pastoral poem. 46. CTld'os, a confused mass. CHAOT'IC, confused ; resembling chaos. 47. CJiara'ltter, a mark ; a stamp ; peculiar disposition. CHARACTERIZE, to give character to ; to mark with a stamp or token. 48. Cha'ris, char' it os, love ; joy; grace. CHAR'ITABLE, kind ; benevolent. CHAR'ITY, love ; liberality to the poor. EU'CHARIST, (eu,) the act of giving thanks; the Lord's Supper. 49. Cheir, the hand. CHIROG'RAPHY, (grapho,) style of writing ; penmanship. CHIROL'OGY, (logos,) talking by manual signs. CHIRUR'GEON, (ergon,) a surgeon. SUR'GEON, (ergon,) one who cures by manual operations. 240 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 50. Chimai'ra, a fictitious monster. CHIMER'ICAL, imaginary ; fanciful. 61. Chol'e, bile. CHOL'ER, anger; rage. CHOL'ERA-MOR'BUS, (morbus,) a painful disease connected with the biliary organs. CHOI/ERIC, irascible ; easily provoked. MEL'ANCHOLY, (melan,) a. dejected in spirits; n. dejection of spirits. 62. Chor'de, a string, a chord. CHORD, the string of a musical instrument ; a right line join- ing the extremities of an arc. CORD, a rope ; a sinew. CORD' AGE, a collection of cords. 63. Cho'reo, I retire. ANCH'ORITE, a hermit. 64. Chris'tOS, anointed. AN'TICHRIST, the great enemy of Christianity. CHRISM, consecrated oil. CHRIST, The Anointed; The Messiah. CHRIS'TENDOM, the countries inhabited by Christians ; the whole body of Christians. CHRIST/MAS, (maessa, a feast,) the festival of Christ's nativity. 66. Chro'ma, color. ACHROMAT'IC, free from color, (as an achromatic lens.) CHROMAT'IC, relating to colors ; proceeding by the smaller in- tervals (semitones) of the musical scale. 56. Chrorios, time. ANACH'RONISM, an error in computing time. CHRON'IC, continuing a long time ; relating to time. CHRONOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of computing dates or periods of time. CHRONOM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument for measuring time. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 241 ISOCH'RONOUS, (isos,) performed in equal times. SYNCHRONISM, concurrence of two or more events in time. 57. Chry'sos, gold. CHRYS'ALIS, the form into which the caterpillar of the butter- fly, and some other insects, passes before they become winged. CHRYSAN'THEMUM, (anthos,) a genus of plants, many of which bear yellow flowers. CHRYS'OLITE, (lithos,) a precious stone. 58. Chy'los, the nutritive juice like milk formed by digestion. CHYLE, a milky juice formed in the stomach by digestion. CHYLIFICA'TION, (L. facio,) the process by which chyme is converted into chyle. 59. Chy'mos, fluidity; juice.. AL'CHYMY, an ancient science which proposed the transmuta- tion of metals into gold. CHEM'ISTRY, the science which shows the nature and properties of bodies. 60. Dai'mon, a spirit. DEMO'NIAC, belonging to demons. DEMONOL'OGY, (logos,) a treatise on demons. PANDEMO'NIUM, (pan,) the great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. 61. Daltftylos, a finger ; a measure. DAC'TYL, a poetic foot. DACTYLOL'OGY, (logos,) the art of conversing by the hands. PACHYDAC'TYLOUS, (pachys,) having thick toes. 62. Dam'ao, I tame. AD'AMANT, a stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness. ADAMAN'TINE, very hard ; incapable of being broken or dis- solved. DI'AMOND, the hardest and most valuable of all the gems. 21 Q 242 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. 63. Dech'omai, I take in ; I receive. PAN'DECT, (pan,) a digest or collection of civil law. SYNEC'DOCHE, a figure by which a part is taken for the whole, or the whole for a part. 64. DeKa, ten. DEAN, an ecclesiastical dignitary subordinate to the bishop, formerly set over ten. DEC'ADE, the sum or number of ten. DEC'AGON, (gonia,) a plane figure having ten sides. DEC'ALOGUE, (logos,) the ten commandments given by God to Moses on Mt. Sinai, and written on two tables of stone. DECAP'OLIS, (polls,) a country of Palestine. UNDEC'AGON, (L. unus, one ; gonia,) a figure with eleven angles, and consequently of eleven sides. DECAM'ETER, (metron,) ten French meters; 393.71 in. 65. De'mos, the people. DEM'AGOGUE, (agogeus,) a leader of the people; a factious orator. ENDEM'IC, peculiar to a country. EPIDEM'IC, affecting great numbers. NICODE'MUS, (nike,) king of Bithynia. 66. Der'ma, the skin. EPIDER'MIS, the cuticle or scarfskin of the body. 67. Des'potes, one who rules as a master over slaves. DES'POT, an absolute prince ; a tyrant. DESPOT'IC, arbitrary, tyrannical. DES'POTISM, absolute power ; tyranny. 68. Deu'teros, second. DEUTEROG'AMY, (gameo,) a second marriage. DEUTERON'OMY, (nomos,) the fifth book of Moses ; the reca- pitulation of the Law. 69. Didas'ko, I teach. DIDAC'TIC, instructive. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 243 70. Didi'ta, food ; regimen ; diet. DI'ET, mode of living prescribed for health. DIETET'IC, relating to diet. LI'ETING, the act of eating by a prescribed course. 71. Diplo'wid, a writing conferring some privilege, (re- stricted now to the certificate given by colleges, etc.) DIPLO'MACY, forms of negotiation ; a body of envoys. DIPLO'MATIST, one versed in diplomacy. 72. Dis, I>i, two. DILEM'MA, (lemma,) a difficult or doubtful choice. DIPH'THONG, (phthegma,) a union of two vowels in one sound. DISSYLLABLE, (labo,) a word of two syllables. 73. Dog' ma, dog'matOS, a tenet ; an opinion. DOG'MA, an established principle ; a doctrine ; notion. DOGMAT'IC, authoritative ; positive. 74. Dot OS, given. Dos'is, a giving. AN'ECDQTE, an incident of private life ; a particular or de- tached fact or incident of an interesting nature. AN'TIDOTE, a medicine to prevent the effects of poison. DOSE, the quantity of medicine taken at one time. 75. Dox'd, an opinion ; fame. DOXOL'OGY, (logos,) a form of giving glory to God. HET'ERODOX, (heteros,) differing from the established opinion ; erroneous. OB/THODOX, (orthos,) sound in religious opinion. PAR/ADOX, something false in appearance, yet true in fact. 76. Dra'ma, an action ; a play ; a poem. DRAMAT'IC, represented by action. DRAM'ATIST, a writer of plays. MEL'ODRAME, (melos,) a dramatic performance accompanied with music. 77. Drom'os, a running. DROM'EDARY, a species of camel having one hump. 244 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. PAL'INDROME, (palin,) a word, or sentence, which is the same read forwards or backwards. 78. Dll'o, two, See Latin roots, page 108. DUODEC'AGON, (deka, gonia,) a figure having twelve angles. 79. Dy'namis, power. DYNAM'ICS, the science of mechanical powers. DY'NASTY, government ; a race or succession of rulers. 80. Dys 9 weakness ; difficulty. DIS'PHONY, (phone,) difficulty in speaking. DYSPEP'TIC, (pepto,) afflicted with dyspepsia. 81. E'cheo, I sound ; I teach oraLy. CAT'ECHISE, to instruct by questions and answers. CATECHU'MEN, one who is yet in the rudiments of Christianity, ECH'O, to send back a sound; to resound. 82. lEge'sis, a leading, an explaining. -EXEGE'SIS, exposition; explanation. EXEGET'ICAL, expository; explanatory. 83. Eido'lon, an image ; an idol. I'DOL, an image worshipped as a god. IDOL'ATRY, (latreia,) the worship of idols. 84. Ei'dOS, form, shape. PBJS'MOID, (prisma,) a body somewhat like a prism. KHOM'BOID, (rhombos,) a figure like a rhomb, but having onl) the opposite sides equal. SPHE'BOID, (sphaira,) a body like a sphere. 85. Ei'kon, an image. ICON'OCLAST, (klastes, a breaker,) an image-breaker. 86. EkMe'sia, an assembly. See Kle'sis. 87. lE'ldO, I drive ; I draw. ELAS'TIC, springing back ; recovering a former state. GREEK DERIVA TI VES. 245 ELASTICITY, the property of springing back to an original form. 88. Eleemo'syne, pity ; mercy. ELEEMOS'YNARY, relating to charity or alms-giving. 89. Elegei'a, a mournful poem. EI/EGY, a mournful poem ; a funeral song. 90. Ele'ktron, amber. ELECTRIC'ITY, a power in nature, so called because it was sup- posed to be produced by the friction of amber. 91. Em'eo, I vomit. EMET'IC, a medicine that causes vomiting. 92. En, one. ENDEc'AGON,(deka, gonia,) a plane figure having eleven angles. 93. Eridon, within. ENDOCAR'DIUM, (kardia,) the lining membrane of the cavities of the heart. 94. Eritom,on, an insect. ENTOMOL'OGY, (logos,) the science which treats of insects. 95. lEpikoil'ros, a philosopher who taught that happi- ness consisted in the temperate enjoyment of pleasure. EPICURE' AN, one of the sect of Epicurus ; luxurious. 96. Ep'os, a word ; a narration. EP'IC, narrative ; heroic. ORTHO'EPY, (orthos,) correct pronunciation of words. 97. Ere'mos, lonely, alone. ER'EMITE, a hermit. HER'MIT, one who secludes himself from society. HER'MITAGE, the habitation of a hermit. 98. Er'gon, a work ; an operation. EN'ERGIZE, to excite action ; to give energy. EN'ERGY, power ; vigor. GEOR'GIC, (ge,) a rural poem ; relating to agriculture. METALLURGY, (metallon,) the art of working metal. 21* 246 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. SUR'GERY, the art of healing by manual operation. THE'URGY, (theos,) the power of doing supernatural things. 99. Es'o, within, in the inmost place. ESOTER'IC, secret. 100. Eth'nos, a people ; a nation. ETH'NICAL, heathen ; pagan. ETHNOGRAPHY, (grapho,) a description of races of men. 101. Eth'os, custom ; manners. ETH'ICAL, relating to morals. ETH'ICS, the science of moral philosophy ; the doctrines of morality. ETHOL'OGY, (logos,) a treatise on moral philosophy. 102. Etymon, the true origin and meaning of a word. ETYMOI/OGIST, (logos,) one versed in etymology. ETYMOL'OGY, (logos,) the derivation of words. 103. Eu or Ev 9 good, well. EULO'GIUM, (logos,) a formal eulogy. EU'LOGIZE, (logos,) to praise; to commend. EU'LOGY, (logos,) praise, panegyric. EU'PHEMISM, (phano,) a delicate way of expressing that which might offend. EU'PHONY, (phone,) an agreeable sound; smooth pronuncia- tion. 104. Eure'ka, I have found. EURE'KA, a discovery, especially one made after long and difficult search. 105. E'xo, outside. EXOTER'IC, external, public. 106. Ga'la, gala'ktos, milk. GAL'AXY, the milky way ; a splendid assemblage. 107. Ga'meo, I marry. AMAL'GAM, (hama, together,) mixture of metals ; a compound. AMALGAMATE, to mix or unite metals. GREEK DERIVATIVES. 247 BIG'AMIST, (bis,) one who has two wives at the same time. BIG' AMY, (bis,) the crime of having two wives at the same time. CRYPTOGA'MIA, (krypto,) the class of flowerless plants. MISOG'AMY, (misos,) hatred of marriage. POLYG'AMY, (poly,) plurality of wives or husbands. 108. Gas'ter, gas'tros, the stomach. GAS'TBJC, belonging to the stomach. GASTKIL'OQUY, (L. loquor,) the art of speaking apparently from the stomach ; ventriloquy. 109. Ge, the earth. AP'OGEE, the part of the moon's orbit most remote from the earth. GEOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) a description of the earth. GEOL'OGY, (logos,) the science which treats of the structure of the earth. GEOM'ETRY, (metron,) the science which treats of the dimen- sions of lines, surfaces, and solids. PER'IGEE, the part of the moon's orbit nearest to the earth. 110. Geriea, birth, origin. GENEAL'OGY, (logos,) history of the descent of a person or family. GEN'ESIS, the first book of the Bible ; the history of the origin of all things. HETEROGE'NEOUS, (heteros,) dissimilar ; having a different nature. HOMOGE'NEOUS, (homos,) similar ; having the same nature. HY'DROGEN, (hydor,) a gas ; one of the elements of water. NI'TKOGEN, (nitron, nitre,) a gas ; an element of nitre. OX'YGEN, (oxys,) a gas ; the vital part of the atmosphere. 111. Glos'sa or Glot'ta, the tongue, language. EPIGLOT'TIS, the thin, movable cartilage which covers the aperture of the wind-pipe. GLOS'SAKY, a dictionary. 248 A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY. GLOSS, a remark intended to illustrate a subject.