BUILDING, HOTEL AND LODGING HOUSE UWS WITH AMENDMENTS TO NOV. 15lh, 1917 1 '^Cm^m r G r\ ' sliall he represented on the Boaifl of Directors by one of their uunilier: provided, however, no craft shall l)e entitled to a representative unless (here shall be at least five (.'>) active members in good standing in the Riiild- ing Industries As.sociation. Sec. 3. In the event that a ci-aft is represented by less than the required five ( .') ) members, same shall be designated under tlie Mist-ellaneous or ITnclassified liuilding crafts, and the Miscellaneous oi- I'nclassifled l)uilding crafts shall be al- lowed one repiesenlative on the Board, Itroviding this craft consists of five (5) oi- more members. ARTICLE VII. Qualification for Membership. Sec. 1. An individual, co-partnership, rtrm or corporation who is regiUarly en- gaged in one or more of the various branches of the TUiilding Industry or construction work of all characters, shall be deemed eligible for membership in the Association. Sec. 2. Any individual, co-partnership, firm or corporation desiring to become an active member of the Association, shall, except in the case of transfer from an affiliated Association, have been a con- tinual resident of, or regularly estab- lislied and doing l)usiness in one or more of the various branches of the Building Industry or constructive work of all char- acters within the State of California for a period of three (.3) months prior to and immediately preceding the date on which ai)pIication for said meml)ership is made. ARTICLE VIII. Application for and Election to Membership. Sec. 1. Application for membership in this Association shall be made in writing and on a form prescril)ed and adopted ny the Board of Directors. The same shall be filed with the Secretary, accompanied by a check for the full amount of the admission fee. Eacli application shall be read aloud by the President or Secretary at the first regular meeting of the Board of Directors and shall then la>' over sub- ject to an Investigation Committee com- l)osed of three (3) active members of the Association appointed "by the President. .\t the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors said application may be re- read and voted upon, and a majority vote of the Directors present shall l)e deemed sufficient to elect. Honorary memljership in the Association shall be conferred by a resolution in writing and adopted by unanimous vote of the Directors present and voting at a regular meeting thereof. Honorary members shall noi be reciuired to i)av admission fees, dues or assess- ments. ARTICLE IX. AdnnissJon to Exchange Rooms and Privileges Therein. Sec. 1. Admission to the rooms of this .Association, and the use of its property, eciuipment and general service, shall not be granted to anyone not an Active or Honorary member in good standing. Ad- mission shall be granted upon presenta- tion of a "Members'hip Card," "Floor -\d- mission Card" or a "Visitors' Card.'' Sec. 2. .An.\' individual, co-partnership, firm or corporation holding Active Mem- bership in this Association shall be enti- tled to not more than two (2) representa- tives, one of whom shall be designated and known as a "Voting Member" and the other shall be designated and known as a "Floor Representative." Provided, however, in case said individual, co-part- nership, firm or corporation desires to secure admission and the general privi- leges of the -Vssociation for not more than two (2) additional Floor Representatives, they shall first make written application therefor to the Board of Directors of the Association for approval, and shall in ad- dition thereto be required to pay the leg- vdar membership dues to the -Vssociation. The names of said Floor Representatives shall be certified to and filed with the Secietary of the Association as a matter of permanent record. No Floor Repre- sentative shall represent more than one firm at one and the same time. Sec. 3. An individual, co-partnership, firm or corporation holding Active Mem- bership in this Association shall be enti- tled to one vote, and hold office as speci- fied in Section 1, .Article 4. and Section 2, Article ij, of (his ("onstitution. ARTICLE X. Elective and Appointed Officers. Sec. 1. The Elective Officers of this Association shall be a iPresident, Vice- President, Second Vice-President, Treas- urer and one Representative from each of the crafts represented in the active membership of the Association at the time set for nominations and election, meet- ing the reciuirements as set forth in Sec- tion 2, Article 6. of this Constitution. The Secretary and Advocate of the Asso- ciation shall be appointed from year to year by the Board of Directors of the Association. Sec. 2. The Annual Election of this .Association shall be held on the Third Thursday of April of each and every year. Ses. 3. Election to office in this Asso- ciation shall be by secret ballot and the form of ballot shall be what is known as the Australian ballot. The Secretary of the Association shall prepare and be cus- todian of said l)allot and shall see that it is in pi-o])er order and c'ondition before any memljer shall ))e allowed to vote. The election polls shall open at 10 o'clock .A. M. and remain open continually until 7 o'clock P. M., at which time tlie Sec- retary shall declare the polls closed. The President shall appoint three active mem- bers to serve as tellers, whose duty shall he to have charge of the election, canvas the result and announce same. Any can- didate receiving a majority of the votes cast for the offic'e for which he was a candidate shall he declared elected. Sec. 4. At the General Meeting held on the Third Thursda.\- in March of eac'h >ear, the voting members present shall I)roceed to nominate one or more candi- dates for the office of President, Vice- President, Sec'ond A'ice- President, Treas- urer, and one i-epresentative on the Board of Directors from each craft represented in the Building Industries Association, as set forth in Section 2, Article 6, of this Constitution: provided, however, that any craft organized into a unit bodj- shall be authorized to nominate its own represent- ative. The Secretary shall, within five (5) 22 days thereafter, make up a list of the candidates nominated for the respective offices to be filled at the General Elec- tion and shall cause same to be posted in a conspicuous place in the Association rooms. Sec. 5. Not less than ten (10) days prior to the General Election of the Asso- ciation (the date to be fixed each year by the Board of Directors), the Associa- tion shall hold a primary election for the purpose of selecting not more than two candidates for each of the offices to be filled at said election. The Secretary shall have prepared, on a form approved by the Board of Directors, a sufficient num- ber of ballots containing the names of all candidates previously named. The two candidates receiving ihe highest number of votes at said primary election for the respective offices to be filled, shall have their names placed upon the ballot at the general election; provided, however, that any candidate receiving a majority of all votes cast for the respec- tive office for which he was a candidate, shall be declared elected, and it shall not be necessary for his name to be placed upon the ballot at the general election. Sec. 6. The President, Vice-President, Second Vice-President and Treasurer, shall be elected for a term of one year. The five (5) Directors receiving the high- est number of votes cast at tneir annual election, shall be elected for a term of two years. The remaining Directors shall be elected for a term of one year or until their successors shall have been elected and qualified. Sec. 7 In case a vacancy occurs on the Board of Directors of the Association after the annual election thereof is held, said vacancy shall be filled by a three-fourths vote of the Directors present and voting at a regular meeting thereof, provided, however, that in case the vacancy .shall occur from an organized unit, the Board of Directors shall fill the vacancy with the name presented froin the paid unit. ARTICLE XI. Duties of Officers. Sec. 1. The President shall be the Executive Officer of the Association and shall preside at all meetings thereof, ap- point all cominittees unless otherwise specified and shall be ex-officio membei' of the same, decide all questions of order subject to appeal and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors or Association may fix; and shall be au- thorized to sign warrants diawn on the Treasurer and approved by the Board of Directors and shall sign such other docu- ments as the Board of Directors may order. Sec. 2. The Vice-President or Second Vice-President, in the absence of the President, shall, in the order of their seniority, perform all the duties of the President. Sec. 3. The Treasurer shall receive all moneys paid to the Association from all sources, and give his off cir 1 receipt there- for to the Secretary of the Association and cause same to be deposited to the credit of the Association in a depository approved by the Board of Directors; shall pay all warrants drawn on him by direc- tion of the Board of Directors when signed by the President and attested by the Sec- retary. He shall keep a correct account of all moneys received or paid out by him and shall have his books and records open for examination or audit by the Finance Committee at such times as the Board of Directors may request. He shall give a surety bond in the name of the President for the faithful discharge of his duties. Said bond shall be for a sum not less than One Thousand ($1,000.00) Dol- lars, the cost thereof to be paid by the Association. He shall, if requested by the Board of Directors, render a monthly statement in writing showing the amount of moneys received by hiin and at each Annual Meeting of the Association, he shall prepare and submit an itemized re- port in writing, showing the amount of moneys received by him and for what purpose same was disbursed. He shall leceive as reinnueration for his servlcee, such sum as the Board of Directors may fix. Sec. 4. The Secretary shall be the Gen- eral Manager of the Association. His of- ficial title shall be "Secretary and Gen- eral Manager." He shall at all times be under and subject to the orders of the President, and shall report directly there- to, and shall, unless excused by the Board of Directors, attend all meetings of the Association and cause to be kept, correct minutes and accurate records of all said spondent of the Association, and shall, under the Board of Directors, have charge over the other employees. He shall receive all moneys due and paid to the Associa- tion from all sources and give his official receipt therefor, and pay same to'tnwith to the Treasurer of the Association, tak- ing his official receipt therefor. He shall cause to be kept, a complete and accurate .set of books and accounts, showing in de- tail each transaction of a financial na- ture arising between the Association and its membe's or others; he shall cause to be rendered on the first day of each month, and at the end of each year, a complete statement in writing snowing the financial condition of the Association, and shall present same to the Botrd of Directors, or to the Finance Committee for examination and audit when requested so to do by the Board of Directors. He shall give a surety bond in the name of the President for the faithful discharge of his duties. Said bond shall be for a sum not le?s than Five Hundred ($500.00) Dol- lars, the cost thereof to be naid by the Association. He shall direct the whole en- ergy and influence of the Association for the benefit of its members, ard shall keep himself fully informed regarding all mat- ters relative to the building industry and shall p'-omptly bulletin si'd information to the Association. He shall perfcm such other duties as the Board of Direciors may request, or this Const'tut'on de ^and, not here'n inentioned. He phpll receive as remuneration for his services, such suni as the T^oard of Directors rnay fix. Sec. 5. The Advocate of this Associa- tion shall be the legal advisor of the As- soc'at'on. He shall receive for his ser- vices such sum as the Board of Direc- tors may fix. ARTICLE XII. Board of Directo-s. Sec. 1. The Board of Directors shall possess all executive authority of the Association. It shall cause all the Laws, Rules and Regulations as laid down in th's Constitution to be impartially ad nin- i.^tered, and punctually and faithfully 23 obeyed by all the Officets and Members of the Association. Shall create and adopt addditional Rules and Regulations and en- force same. Provided, however', that any additional Rule and llegulation shall be subject to change oi- appeal by a major- ity vote of the Voting ^lembers present in good standing and voting at a Regular or Special Meeting thereof. Shall provide all forms and systems and direct the ex- penditure and disposition of the fvuids and other property of the Association; shall appoint the Secretary and General Manag'er, the Advocate of the Associa- tion, and any other persons it may deem necessary for the proper administration of the Association, and shall fix the salaries to be paid such persons. Shall appoint committees to have charge of and hear the evidence in cases where charg-es have been filed against a membei' of the Asso- ciation and shall pass finai judgment upon their report, and shall perfoim such other duties as the Association may direct, or this Constitution demand not herein men- tioned. Each member of the Board of Directors shall, unless excused by a ma- jority vote of the directors, attend all meetings of the Board and in case any membei' fails to attend for three con- secutive meetings, he may be dropped from membership on the Board by a two- thirds vote of the Directors present and voting. They shall receive as remnuera- tion such sums as the Exchange may fix. ARTICLE XIII. Standing Committees. Sec. 1. The President of uie Association shall, immediately following his election, appoint the following Standing Commit- tees, subject to confirmation b\- the Board of Directors of the Association, who shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board: 1. E.xecutive Committee of the Board of Directois. 2. House Committee. 3. Finance Committee. 4. I^aws and Rules Committee. 5. Employment Committee. 6. Publicity Connmittee. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of three members of the Boaid of Directors and shall be composed of a Gen- eral Contractor, Sub-Contractor and a representative of a Material Suppl\- House; whose duties shall be to transact, during the interim of the meetings of the Board of Directors, all the routine busi- ness which would ordinarily be performed by the Board of Directors and shall ap- prove emergency bills, pass upon appli- cations for membership after same have been approved by the Investigating Com- jnittee, and perform such other duties an shall be designated from time to time b.\- the Board of Directors. They shall hold weekly meetings and shall report in writ- ing at each regular meeting' of the Board of Directors, all business transacted by them during the preceeding month. Sec. 3. The House Committee shall consist of three (3) members of the As- sociation, said committee shall, under the Board of Directors, have charge of the Rooms of the Association, and shall see that they are kept clean and in attractive order; shall see that all necessary equip- ment and service is piovided and properls' appointed, and shall formulate and pre- sent to the Board of Directors for ap- proval, such Rules and Regulations for the good of the AssociatJon as it may deem for the best inteiests thereof and shall see that said Rules and Regulations ai-e posted in the Association Rooms and are obeyed. Sec. 4. The Finance Committee shall consist of three (3) members of the Board of .Directors of the Association. Said (^ommittee shall examine and approve all bills presented to the Association for pay- ment and examine and audit the books and accounts of all officers having' charge of the funds of the Association and inake every reasonable effort to keep the Asso- ciation in a sound financial condition. Said Cominittee shall report in writing at each Annual Meeting, or whenever re- tiuested by the President, or the Board of [directors, as to the financial condition of the Association. Sec. 5. The Daws and Rules Committee shall consist of thiee (3) membei's of the .Association. The Advocate of the Associ- ation shall be ex-offlcio member of said Committee. All matters relative to the amendinents of this Constitution or of the Laws, Rules and Regulation of the Asso- ciation shall be I'eferred to this Commit- tee for recommendation without debate. Sec. 6. The Employment Committee shall consist of three (3) members of the Association. Said Committee shall establish a Free Employment Bureau in the Association rooms for the benefit of the members of the Association and the general public; and shall, under the Board of Directors, have general supervision over same. Sec. 7. The Publicity Committee .shall consist of one (1) member. Said Com- mittee shall handle all mattei's of pub- licity connected with and of interest to the Association. ARTICLE XIV. Fees, Dues, Assessments and Fines. Sec. 1. The Admission Fee to this As- sociation shall be not less than Two Dol- lars and Fift>- Cents ($2. .50) and not more than Two Hundred Fifty ($250.00) Dollars. The Membership Dues in the Exchange shall be not less than Twelve ($12.00) Dollars nor more than One Hundred Twenty ($120.00) Dollais pei- annum and shall be payable quaiterly in advance, the first day of January, .Vpril- July and Uv- tober of each yeai'. If said membership dues are not paid within ninety days from date as herein piescribed, then said mem- ber shall become delinquent and shall im- mediately be suspended fiom membershii> in the Association, and shall remain sus- pended until said dues are paid. A sus- pended member shall not be permitted access to the rooms of the Association or the use of its property and general sei- vice during' such delinquency'. Sec. 2. The J'.oard of Directors of this Association in case of need or necessity, by a three-fourths (%) vote of the mem- bers present in good standing and voting' at any meeting' thereof shall have full power and authority to levy assessments on all of the Active Members of the Asso- ciation, Provided, however, that no as- sessments shall be levied for an amount exceeding fifty (50%) per cent of the membership dues in any one year. Upon levying said assessments, the Board of Directors shall cause the President or Secretary of the Association to immedi- 24 ately send notice in writing to each mem- ber assessed, stating- amount of liis as- sessment, and a copy of said notice shall at the same time be posted upon the Bulletin Board of the Association for a period of five (5) days. Said assessments shall become due and payable within ten (10) days from date of levying same. ART ICLE XV. Final Withdrawal Cards. Sec. 1. Any member of this Association in good standing aesiring to terminate his membership; shall tile a letter of resig- nation with the IJoard of Directors of the Association, and the Board of Directors shall, by a majority vole of its me.noers present and voting at any meeting there- of, accept said resignation. ARTICLE XVI. Membership, Floor Admission and Visitor's Cards. Sec. 1, The Hoard of Directors of this Association shall devise a form of "Mem- bership Card,'' "Floor Admission Card" and "Visitors' Cai'd" ; which shall by a majority vote of the members of the Board of Directors present, be and be- coa.e the Oliicial r or.n of said cards. Sec. 2. Each Active and Honorary member of this Association shall be fur- nished with an "Official Membership Card" upon making application therefor to the Secretary of the Association. Pro- vided, however, that .said ivieinlDership Card when issued to an Active Member shall become invalid upon the expiration of the actual period of time for which membership dues have been paid. Sec. 3. Each certitied "Floor Repre- sentative" shall be furnished with a "Floor Admission Card" upon making ap- plication therefor to the Secretaiy of the Association. Provided, however, that such Floor Admission Card shall become in- valid upon the expiration of the actual period of time for which Membersnijf Dues have been paid. Sec. 4. A "Visitors' Card" .shall be fur- nished to any person upon application therefor to the Secretary of the Associa- tion who shall have been vouched for by an Officer or Member of the Association in good standing. Said Visitors' Card shall not be issued for a period to exceed ten (10) days and may be revoked at any time by the Board of Directors of the Association. ARTICLE XVII. Addresses. Sec. 1. Each member of this Association shall furnish the Secretary thereof with his correct address, and communications directed to the last address so furnished shall be considered as meeting all re- quirements of the l^aws. Rules and Regu- lations of the Association regarding- no- tices to members. ARTICLE XVIII. Quorum. Sec. 1. Ten (1'^''^) per cent, of the total number of Votina; Members of this Association present and in good standing, shall constitute a Quoium for the trans- aot'on cf biis'nr.s= nt any regular meet- ins of this Association. Sec. 2. A major-'ty of the T^oard of Directors of this Associ.-^tion shall consti- tute a quorum fo*- the tvans.-^ction of busi- ness at any meeting- thereof. ARTICLE XIX. Meetings. Sec. 1. The Regular Meetings shall be held as fixed by the By-Laws of this As- sociation. Sec. 2. Special Meetings may be called at any time by the President or Board of Directors. Twenty-flve voting members of the Association may request the Presi- dent in writing, to call a special meeting in which event he shall do so. Provided, however, that sufficient time shall be allowed the Secretary to notify all Voting- Members by mail, and shall clearly state the nature and purpose of the business to be acted upon as such Special Meeting and no other business except that set forth in the notice of the Secretary .shall be acted upon at such Special Meeting. Sec. 3. Regular Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at the time pre- scribed by the By-Laws thereof. All business of the Association which shall properly come before the Board of Direc- tor's, as presci-ibed In the Constitution, shall be transacted at such meetings. Sec. 4. Special Meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time upon call of the Piesident thereof, or upon re- quest in writing signed by not less than five (5) Directors in good standing, ad- dressed to the President and filed with the Secretary of the Association. Pro- vided, however, that sufficient time shall be allowed the Secretary of the Associa- tion to notify all Directors in good stand- ing, by mail, and said notice shall state the business to be acted upon at such Special Meeting. No other business ex- cept that set forth in the notice of the Secretary, shall be considered or acted upon at such Special Meeting. ARTICLE XX. Order of Business. Sec. 1. The following shall form a part of the Order of Business and Procedure at meetings of this Association, and at meetings of the Board of Directors thereof: 1. Call to Order. 2. Roll Call of Officers and Members. 3. Reading Minutes of Previous Meet- ing. 4. Report of Committees. 5. Reports of Investigating Commit- tees of Applications. 6. Voting Upon Applications for Mem- bership. 7. Reading New Applications for Mem- bership. 8. Reading Bills and Communications. 0. ITnfinished Business. 10. New Business. 11. Good and Welfare. 12. Secretary's Report of Receipts of Meetings. 1.'^. Finance Committee's Report. 14. Treasurer's Report. 15. Adjournment. ARTICLE XXI. By- Laws. Sec. 1. The Board of Directors of this Association shall adopt such By-Laws as it may deem necessary for the proper conduct of its business. Provided, how- ever, said By-Laws shall in no wise conflict with any of the provisions of Ihis Constitution. It shall require a three-fourths (3-4) vote of the Directors presejit and voting at any meeting there- of to suspend such By-Daws or make any additions, alterations or amend- ments thereto. ARTICLE XXII. Rules of Order. Sec. 1. Robert's Rules of Order shall 25 decide all iiuestioiis in Ihe Meetings, I'ro- ceediriKs and Debates of this Exchange. Provided, however, they shall not be construed as to conllict with any of the Laws, Rules and Regulations of the Ex- i-hange, as prescrilied in this Constitu- "oii- ARTICLE XXIII. Amendments to Constitution. Sec. 1. This Constitution shall not be altered or amended except by a three- fourths (3-4) vote of the voting mem- bers of the Association present, in good standing and voting at a meeting called and held for such purpose. Provided, however, not less than ten days' written notice had been given of the proposed change to each memVjer in good stand- ing in the Association. Sec. 2. This Constitution is hereby de- clared to be in full force and effect on this 1.5th day of March A. D., 1917, by the Building Industries Association of L.OS Angeles. BY-LAWS ARTICLE I. Name and Location. Sec. 1. The corporate name and title for this Association shall be the "BUILD- ING INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF LOS ANGELES" and its location and place of business shall be in the City of Los Angeles, County of Los Angeles, State of California. ARTICLE II. Object. Sec. 1, This Association is organized for the purpose set forth under ARTI- CLE 2 of its Constitution. ARTICLE III. Membership. Sec. 1. The Membership of this Asso- ciation shall be of two (2) kinds, viz., .\ctive and Honorary, and the same shall be created in the manner and form pre- scribed and set forth in its Constitution. ARTICLE IV. Admission Fees and Membership Dues Sec. 1. — The Admission Fee for Active Membership in this Association shall be Five ($.5.00) Dollars, and the same snail be paid in the manner and form pre- Kcrilied in its Constitution. Sec. 2. The Membership Dues in this Association shall be Thirty ($30.00) Dol- lars per annum, and the same shall be paid in the manner and form prescribed in its Constitution. ARTICLE V. Annual Election. Sec. 1. The Aimual Election of this .\ssociatlon shall be held on the third Thursday of April of each and every \ear in the manner and form prescribed in its Constitution. Provided, however, ill case the day set as herein prescriljed tails on a Legal Holiday, then and in I hat event said Annual Election shall l)e lield on the next following dav. ARTICLE VI. Meetin'is. Sec. 1. The Annual ^Meeting of this As- sociation shall be held on the third Thurs- day of Marc-h of each and every year. Provided, however, in case the day set as herein prescribed falls on a Legal Holiday, then and in that event said Annual Meeting shall he held on the fol- lowing dav. Sec. 2. The Meetings of this Association .shall be held on the third Thursday of each and every month and said Meetings shall convene at 1:UU o'clock P. M. at a place selected by the Board of Directors of the Association. Sec. 3. iripecicii and Open Meetings of this Association shall be held in the man- ner and form prescrii^ed in its Constitu- tion. Sec. 4. Regular Meetings of the Board of Directors of this Association shall be held on the first Thursday of each and every month, at a time and place selected by the Board of Directors of the Asso- ciation. Sec. 5. Regular meetings of the Execu- tive Committee of the Board of Directors of this Association shall be held every Thursday at 1:30 P. M. except the first Thursday of each and every month when the>' shall meet with the Board of Direct- OJ'S- ARTICLE VII. Quorum. Sec. 1. A ciuorum for the transaction of bu.^iness at all meetings of this Associa- tion and the Board of Directors thereof shall be as prescribed in the Constitution. ARTICLE VIII. Order of Business Sec. 1. The Order of Business shall be as prescribed in the Constitution. ARTICLE IX. Rooms and Hours Sec. 1. The rooms of this Association shall be for the exclusive use of its mem- bers and the same shall be kept open daily from 7:30 A. M. until .5:00 P. M., Sundays and Holidays excepted. The hours from 11 A. M. to 2:00 P. M. shall be known as "Change Hours." Sec. 2. During the vear, the General Offices of the Association shall close at 1:00 P. M. on Siturdavs. ARTICLE X. Admission to Exchange Rooms Sec. 1. Admission to the roo'ns of the Association shall be by card, as prescribed in its Constitution, and said cnrd shall be exhibited to any officer of the As.so- ciation upon request made therefor. Keys to the Association rooms will be furnished ujion application to the Secretary. ARTICLE XI. Use of Exchanqe Roomsl Sec. 1. Members of this Association shall not use the rooms or halls thereof for the payment of employees nor shall persons be permitted to solicit employ- ment therein, except through the Employ- mnt Bureau prescribed in its Constitu- ^'^"' ARTICLE XII. Service. Sec. 1. Each member of this Association in good standing will lie sujiplied with A— FIVE — 8241— STANDARD 11-3 — CLF a letter l)ox wheiein shnll he placed all mail, communications and calls. Sec. 2. Plan boxes mav be had upon application to the Secretary of the Asso- ciation. /iRTICLE XIII. Auxiliary Organizations. Sec. 1. E-ich Auxiliary ( )rgHnizat ion affiliated with this Association may enact such By-Laws as may lie deemed neces- sary for its local government and control. Provided, however, such Bv-Laws shall not conflict with the Constitution or By- I>aw.« of this .\ssnciation. ARTICLE XIV. Amendments and Alterations. Sec. 1. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or suspended in the manner and form prescrilied liy th? Constitution of this Association. 26 Registration of Master Plumbers Ordinance No 32.714 (New Series) As amended Tdv Ordinance No. 33,671, 36,534 and 3'7,114, (New Series). An Ordinance regulating the business of Plumbing and the Registration of Master Plumbers. The Mayor and Council of the City of Los Angeles do ordain as follows: Section 1. It shall be unlawfull for any person, firim or corporation to en- gage in or carry on the business of plumbing, or to represent himself, if a person, as a Master Plumber, or if a firm or corporation, to represent itself as a firm or corporation of Master Plumbers, unless such person, firm or corporation shall have first registered at the office of the Chief Inspector of 'Buildings in the Department of Public Works of the City of Los Angeles, and ototained a "Certifi- cate of Registration" from the Board of Public Works of the City of Los Angeles, as hereinafter provided. Sec. 2. For the purpose of this (Or- dinance a Master Plum'ber shall I'oe deem- ed to be any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of plumbing and gas fitting, and doing plumbing work, gas fitting work, or laying of sewers on pri- vate premises, or doing similar work af- fecting the sanitary drainage system of any house, building or structure. For the purpose of this Ordinance a .Journeyman Plum'ber shall be deemed to he any person who is employed to do plumbing and gas fitting work for a wage or salary either by the day, week or month, but who does not furnish any materials or supplies in the execution or performance Of any such pltumbing and gas fitting work. ■Sec. 3. Nothing in this Ordinance shall be deemed or construed to require an3'' person, firm or corporation to regis- ie>- o t^i O'Oiaii] H ''L'-eii ifiiH I e oi Ke , .■^- tration'' as provided in Section 1 hereof, for repairing any plumibing or gas fitting work, in any building or structure or on any private premises which are owned by and under the control of such person, firm or corporation, or to prohibit any person from being employed or offermg his employment as a Jouneyman Plumb- er. Sec. 4. Every person, firm or cor- poration desiring to have his, its or their name registered in the "Register of Mas- ter Plumi'oers", shall make application in writing to the Board of Public Works of the City of Los Angeles, at the office of the Chief Inspector of Buildings, on blanks furnished for that purpose, giving the name and address of such person, firm or corporation; if a firm .the names of tlie members thereof, and if a corpor- ation, the names of the officers of such corporation, together with such other in- formation as may be deemed necessary by sai'd Board of Public Works; such ap- plication shall be verified upon oath; if a corporation, by an officer thereof; if a copartnership, by a member of such co- partnership: or if an individual, by such person; or by the duly authorized agent of any suc'ji person, firm or corporation, and every such application snail be ac- companied 'by a bond executed to the City Of Los Angeles with two or more suf- ficient sureties or by a surety company authorized so to do. In form said bond must be joint and several and in the sum Of one thousand ($1000.00) dollars, and said bond must be conditioned that the whole or any part of said one thousand ($1000.00) dollaf-s shall be pai'd to any person who 'nas suffered damage by reason of the violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance or any amendment thereto or any of the provis- ions of an Ordinance Numbered 28,700 (New Series) and entitled, "An Ordinance regulating the construction, alteration, repair, demolition and removal of ibuild- ings and other structures, and regulating the construction and installation of plumbing and house 'drainage and the installation of gas piping and fittings in the City of Los Angeles, and providing for the issuing of permits therefor", in so far as said ordinance regulates the installation of plumibing or house drain- age or the installation of gas piping or fittings, or the issuing of permi:s there- for, either then in force or which may thereafter be adopted. Said 'bonds shall not be void upon the fi(■^c lejovery n may be sued and recovered upon from time to time by any person who has suffered damages as herein referred to, in. his own name, until the whole penalty is exhausted. The sufficiency of the surety or sureties on any such bond shall be approved by the Board of Public Works and every such bond shall l^e ap- proved as to form by the 'City Attorne.v of the City of Los Angeles. Sec. .5. Every person, firm or corpor- ation before being entitled to be regis- tered or to obtain a "Certificate of Re- gistration" as in this ordinance provid- ed, shall pay to the Board of Public Works of said City, at the office of the Chief Inspector of Buildings, a registra- tion fee in the sum of Sixty Dollars ($60.00), payable as follows: Thirty Dollars ($30.00) upon the issu- nig of the said "Certificate of Registra- tion," and Thirty Dollars ($30.00) six months from the first day of the month during which such certifiacte shall have been issued. Provided that any person, firm or cor- poration engaged in the laying of sewers or outside drains, only, on private prem- ises, shall pay, as aforesaid, a registra- tion fee in the sum of Thirty Dollars ($30.00), payable as follows: Fifteen Dol- lars ($15.00) upon the issuance of said certificate of registration; and Fifteen Dollars ($15.00) six months from the first day of the month during which such cer- tificate shall have been issued. Upon the payment of the said registra- tion fee and the filing and approval of the bond, as herein provided, such per- son, firm or corporation shall be entitled' to be registered and to obtain a "Certi- ficate Of Registration" for a period of one year from the first day of the month during which such "Certificate of Reg- istration" shall have been issued. It shall be the duty of the Chief In- spector of Buildings to issue the "Certi- ficate of Registration," and every such certificate shall state the name and busi- ness address of the applicant, the date on which the second installment of the registration fee is due and payable, and the date upon which the said certificate 27 expires, and shall certify that the per- son, firm or corporation named in the said certificate has compiled with the provisions of fair ordinance and tliat such Person, firm or corporation is deemed to ]irr a "Kesisterel Master Pliimer," and entitled to conduct and engage in the business of plumbing and gas fitting for tl".e period specified in said certicate. Every cert.ficate issued as in this sec- tion provi'ded shall become null and void immediately upon the failure of tlie per- son, firm or corporation named in such certificate, to pay the second installment of the registration fee at the time herein specified, or upon the second conviction of the person, firm or corporation named in suc'n certificate for violating any of the provisions of this ordinance or any of the provisions of an ordinance of tlie City of Los Angeles regulating the construction, alteration, repair, 'demolition and removal of buildings and other structures and re- gulating the construction and installa- tion of plumbing and house drainage, anxi the installation of gas piping and fittings, an'd providing for the issuing of permits therefor, in so far as said ordinance re- gulates tlie installation of plumbing or house drainage or the installation of gas piping or fittings or fne issuing of per- mits therefor, either then in force or which rnay thereafter be axJopted, and thereafter it shall be unlawful for any such person, firm or corporation to en- gage in or carry on the business of plumb- ing or to represent himself, if a person, as a Master Plumber, or if a firm or cor- poration to represent itself as a firm or corporation of Master Plumbers, until such person, firm or corporation shall nave re-registered and obtained a new "Certificate of Registration" as herein before provided. The Chief Inspector of Buildings may issue to any person, firm or corporation to whom a "Certificate of Registration" was issued prior to the first day of February, 1916, a new "Certificate of Registration" for an additional period Of six months from and after the date of the expiration of such prior certificate, upon the payment of the sum of Thirty Vollars ($30.00) and the filing and ap- proval of fne bond as herein before pro- vided. Sec. 6. All certificates of registration issued, as in tliis ordinance provided, shall he countersigned by t'ne City Clerk and City Auditor of said City in the same manner as licenses. Sec. 7. All fees collected under pro- visions of this ordinance shall be deposit- ed by the Chief Inspector of Buildings with the Ci^y Treasurer of said city upon tlie next following ibusiness day, to the credit of departmental receipts. Sec. 8. Every person, firm or cor- poration violating any of the provisions o' this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction fnereof shall be punishable bv a fine of not less than ten ($10.00) dollars nor more than five hundred ($500.00) 'dollars, or by imprisonment in the Ciiy jail for not more than six (6) months, or by 'both such fine and imprisonment. Every such person, firm or corporation shall be deem- ed guilty of a separate offense for each and every day 'during whicn any of the provisions Of this ordinance are violated and shall be punisliatole therefor as here- in provided. Sec. 9. That Ordinance No. 32,558 (New Series), entitled, "An Ordinance regulating the (business of Plumbing and When inferior plumbing equipment is installed it is a source of continuous annoyance and expense. The difference in cost between good plumbing fixtures and inferior ones is very small compared to the better service of the good ones. Your clients will appreciate your good judgment in ad- vising the installation of "(pactftc If Plumbing Fixtures For Sale by All Jobbers Main Office and Showroom: C. B. NOYES Factories: 67 New Montgomery St., 201 Union Oil Bldg. Richmond and San Pablo, San Francisco, Cal. Southern Manager California F3225 Los Angeles Main 1867 28 registration of Master Plumbers and pro- \iding- foi' the payment of certain fees". approved June 19, 1915, ibe and the same is liereby repealed. Sec. 10. That In order to properly protect and safeguard fae health of the inhabitants of the City of Los Angeles and to properly enforce and carry out the provisions of tlie Ordinances of said citj', regulating tlie construction and installa- tion of plumbing- and house drainage and the installation of gas piping and fittings, this ordinance is urgently required for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health an'd safety; and tne City Clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance by a unanimous vote and cause the same to 'be published once in The Los Angeles Daily Journal. I hereby certify that the foregoing ordi- nance was passed 'b.v the Council of tne City of Los Angeles by the unanimous vote of all the members of said Council present, there 'being not less than seven members present, at its meeting of July 21', 1915. CHAS L. WILDE, City Clerk. Approved tlii;; 22nd day of Julv, 1915. C. E. S;E:BASTLA.N. 7 — 24 It Mayor. Moving Picture Theaters Ordinance No. 17,063 (New Series) As Amended by Ordinances Nos. 21,i78, 22,782, 23,730, 26,290, 26,725, 26,97b, 27,412, 2a,C06, 28,049, 33,830, and 36,364, (New Series), as Amended to May 24, 1917. Ar. Ordinance regulating moving pic- ture exhibitions and entertainments at which moving pictures are exhibited. The Mayor and Council of the City of Los Ange'es do ordain .as follows: Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to hold, con- duct, or carry on, or to cause or permit to be held, conducted, or carried on, any moving picture exhibition, or any enter- tainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, without a permit therefor in writing, granted by the Board of Public Works, as hereinafter provided. Any person, firm or corporation desiring to obtain a permit to hoM, conduct, or carry on a moving picture exhibition, or any en- tertainment at which moving pictures are exhibite'd, shall file an application in writ- ing therefor, with the Board of Public Works, specifyinsT the place where sucii ■exhibition or entertainment is proposed to be held, conducted or carried on, when said application shall be signed bv the applicant. Sec. 2. That no permit to liold, con- duct or carry on a moving picture ex- hibition, or any entertainment at wh>ch moving pictures are exhibited, shall be granted by the Board of Public Works, except in a theater approved by the said Board of Public Works, as provided by the ordinances of the City of Los An- geles, unless the building or room in which such exhibition or entertainment is to te^ held, conducted or carried on, shall conform to the requirements of this ordinance. That the City Clerk shall not issue any license to hold, conduct, or carry on a moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at wliich moving pic- tures are exhibited, until the Board of Public Works shall have grante-d a per- mit therefor, as provided in this ordi- nance. Before any such permit shall be granted by the Board of Public Works, the Chief Inspector of Buildings and the City Electrician shall certify to the sai'd Board that they have inspected the place where such exhibition or entertainment is proposed to be held, conducted or car- ried on, and the rooms, enclosures and equipment thereof, and that the same conform to the provisions of this ordi- nance. Sec. 3. That any room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertain- ment at which moving pictures are ex- hibited, is held, conducted or carried on, except a room located in a 'building of "Class A" construction, as such construc- tion is or may be hereafter defined by the ordinances of the City of Los Angeles, shall be on the first or ground floor, or sidewalk level, and shall front on a public street, and the back, or rear of such room or one side tiiereof, shall abut upon a public street or ally, provided, however, that if such room be located in a building of sai'd Class "A" construction, not ex- ceeding ten stories in height, as such construction is, or may be hereafter de- fined by the ordinances of the City of Los Angeles, such room may be on any floor of such building, and if the same is lo- cated on any floor other than the first floor, the same shall be constructed sub- ject to the following- restrictions in addi- tion to the other provisions of this ordi- nance. The floor area of such room shall not exceed seven thousand (7O00) square feet, and the seating capacity thereof shall not exceed eight hundred (SOO) persons; it shall be provided with at least five (5) exits, not more than two (2) to be on any one side thereof. Each such exit shall not be less than five (5) feet wide and shall open directly into an open hallway or corridor surrounding such room or at least three (3) sides thereof. Such hall- way or corridor shall not be less than nine (9) feet wide at every point and shall have an area of at least one half (V2) the area of such room. The liallway or corridor shall open directly to not less than two (2) interior fire escapes leading to a public street, by unobstructed pas- sageways, at the first floor of the build- ing. Except as otherwise provided in this section, any moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, shall be held, con- 'ducted or carried on, in any room of the character specified in this section, in strict compliance with the provisions of all other sections hereof. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm Or corporation to hold, conduct or carry on a moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, in any room lo- cated above the first or ground floor of any building of the eliaracter specified in this section, between the hours of six- o'clock p. m. of any day and nine o'clock a. m. of the following day. Sec. 4. The exterior walls of every building- in which a moving picture ex- hibition Or entertainment is conducted, sliall be constructed of masonry and the interior walls thereof shall be constiucted of maso.nry, or of wood stu'ds lathed with metal lath, plastered with fireproof plas- 29 ter. Tlie ceiling of any room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertain- ment is conductetl, if the same is in a building two or more stories in lieight, shall be constructed of incombustible ma- terial, or of wood joists sealed with metal lath and plastered with fireproof piaster or wood joists ceiled with quarter inch asbestos, covered with Xo. 20 sheet iron. Sec. 5. ta) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertain- ment IS conducted which has a sealing capacity of 100 persons, or less, shall have at least one exit in the rear thereof, not less than five feet wide, and not less than s.x feet and eight inches high, opening directly upon the street or alley at the rear or side of such room so used or oc- cupied, or opening upon vacant land un- der the charge or control of the manager or person in charge of such moving p.c- ture exhibition or entertainment and ad- Joining the rear or side of the building or portion thereof, where such exit Is located and being not less than ten feet in width and leading and opening without obstruc- tion, to and upon a street or alley. (b) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertainment is conducted ana which has a seating ca- pacity of more than 100 and not more than 250 persons, shall have one exit in the rear thereof, not less than six leet wide, or two exhits, each of which shall be not less than three feet wide. Ail exits shall be not less than six feet eight Inches in height, and shall open directly into the jitreet or alley at the rear or side of such room so used or occupied or opening up- on vacant land under the charge or con- trol of the manager or person in charge of such moving picture exhibition or en- tertainment and adjoining the rear or side of the building or portion thereof where each such exit is located, and oeing not less than ten feet in width and leading and opening, without obstruction, to and upon a street or alley. (c) F.very room in which a movm? picture exhibition or entertainment is (conducted which has a seating capacity- of more than 250 and not more than 500 persons, shall have two exits in the rear thereof, each of which shall not be less than five feet wide and seven feet high, and shall open directly into the street or alley at the rear or side of such room so used or occupied, or opening upon vac?nt land under the charge or control of t're manager or person In charge of suCh moving picture exhibition or entertain- ment and adjoining the rear or side of the build-ng or portion thereof where each such exit is located and being not les-s than ten feet m width and leading and opening, without obstruction, to and upon a street or alley. (d) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertainment is conducted, wh'eh has a seating capaciry of more than 500 persons, and not more than 900 persons, shall have two exits in the rear thereof, each of which shall not be less than six feet wide and seven f'^et high and shall open directly into the street or alley at the rear or side of such room so used or occupied, or opening upon vacant land under the charge or control of the manager or person in charge of such moving picture ex'hibition or enter- tainment and adjoining the rear or side of the building or portion thereof wV>ere each such exit is los^ated, and being not less than ten feet In width and lea'Jlng and opening, without obstruction, to and upon a street or alley. Provided, however, that in lieu of the requirements that exits open directly into a public street or alley, said exits may open into a passageway or passageways, said passageway or passageways to be Constructed along one side of such room, if the seating capacity be not more than 500, or on both sides of such room if the seating capacity be more than 500, or may be constructed In the rear of such room. All such passageways shall have a w'idtli of not less than four feet, and shall open directly into a public street or alley, and shall be used for no other purpose, ex- cepting as exits from such room. All such passageways must be constructed of brick walls on both sides, or wood studs covered with metal lath and plaster on both sides. The ceilings to such pas- sageways shall also be of metal lath and plaster,' and the floors to the same shall be double, with a sheet of asbestos paper ■between layers; and, should any base- ment exist ujider such passageways the celling of such basement shall be covered with metal lath and plaster. Provided, further, that if the seating capacity of such room be less than 9ii(i persons, such passageways shall not be required to be constructed and maintained along the side or sides of such room, In the event that a passageway be con- structed and maintained which shall open into a public court or upon vacant land situated in the rear of such room and such land is under the charge or control of the manager or person In charge ot such moving picture exhibition o- enter- tainment. The outlet from such vacant land to a public street or alley may con- sist of a passageway through another building or buildings. Any such passage- way shall be not less than ten feet in height and ten feet In width, and shall be 'located on a level with the street or alley Into which It opens. Every such passagewav shall be constructed and maintained of fire proof material in ac- cordance with the provisions of this ordi- nance and to the satisfaction of the Board of Public Works. (e) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertainment is condujcted which has a seating capacity of more than 900 persons, shall conform to the ordinances of the City of Los An- geles governing theaters, in so far as said ordinances provide for the construction of theaters, location of exits, and the con- struction and location of 'balconies and galleries location and width of aisles, and the exits therefrom. The exits from any room in which a moving picture exni- hit-on or entertainment is conducted shall be separate from the entrances at the front of the building or room so used or occupied. (f) Evey exit door shall be so hung that It will swing to the exterior of the room and shall not be locked or fastened during the progress of any exhibition or entertainment In any manner, except by a small catch or sprine upon the inside, which will readily yield to the pressure of one '-erson from within. (g) The Inclined floors in any room of any building or other structure hereafter constructed or erected, which room is 30 used or intended for use for a moving picture exliibition or entertainment, shall not have a steeper gradient than one and one-half (IM:) feet in ten (10) feet; pro- vided, however, that in the event any -such floor is construcied of concrete, rough faced, the gradient of any such inclined floor shall not exceed two (2) feet in ten (10) feet. Sec. 7. It shall be u.nlawful for any person to place or maintain any chair, sofa, settee, stool, seat, or any other obstruction whatever in any aisle in, or in any passageway, exit or doorway, lead- ing to or from, any room in whicli any moving picture exhibition or entertain- ment is held, conducted or earrie'd on, or within five (5) feet of a line drawn per- pendicularly from the moving picture machine to the front of such room, during the time when such exhibition or ent^^r- tainment is being so held, conducted or carried on, or to admit to, or to cause or permit any person to be or remain upon the floor of any sucli room, in excess of the number of seats provided for the floor thereof, except the necessary usliers and other attendants whose services are re- ftiuired in and about the conducting of such exhibition or entertainment, and it shall be unlawful for any person to stand or remain in any sucli aisle, passageway, exit or -doorway during the time wlien such exhibition or entertainment is be- ing held, conducted or carried on. Sec. 8. In every room or enclosure in which any moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pic- tures are exhibited, is held or conducted, which is not more than 20 feet in widtli and not more than 100 feet in depth, there shall be one aisle tlirough the center tliereof, not less than five feet in width, or one aisle on each side thereof, each not less than three feet in width. In every room or enclosure in which any moving picture exhibition or any en- tertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, is held or conducted, which is more than 20 feet UT width, and not more than 30 feet in width, and not more than 100 feet in depth, there sliall be two aisles from front to rear, each not less than four feet in width. In every room or enclosure in which any moving picture exhibition or any en- tertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, is held or conducted, the width of which shall be more than thirty. (30) feet, the total width of aisle space shall not be less than eiglit (8) feet, and for each additional foot or fractional part thereof of increase In the width of such room over said thirty (30) feet, such total aisle space shall be increased not less than two (2) inches, the minimum width Of any aisle having seats on both sides thereof shall be not less than four (4) feet and the minimum width of any aisle liaving seats on one side thereof only shall be not less than three (3) feet. All such aisles shall be maintained in such a manner that: not more than six (6) seats shall intei V6«ie between any seat and an aisle, provided, however, that where the depth of the seating space of such room is more than one hundred (100) feet a cross aisle shall be provided and maintained at or near the middle thereof not less than six (6) feet in width; which cross aisle shall extend across such room as nearly as may be at right angles so as to connect all aisles running from front to rear All seats shall be firmly secured to the floor and shall be not less than thirty- two (32) inches from back to back meas- ured in a horizontal direction. Sec. 9. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use or operate, or to cause or permit to be used or operated, any nioving picture machine, unless tlie same and tlie enclosure or room in whicl-; the same is operated con- form to the following requirements: (a) Every moving picture macliine must be placed in an enclosure or room rendered proof against fire by having the ceiling and wall protected with quarter inch asbestos covered with sheet iron of not less than Number 26 B &. S gauge, and the floor covered witli sheet iron of not less than Number 20 B & S gauge, which covering shall be put on in a workmanlike and mechanical ma-nner; or such enclosure or room may be rendered proof against Are in a man- ner approved by the Board of Public Works. Provided tliat if all sides and the ceiling or lop of such enclosure or room are at least one foot from any woodwork, such enclosure or room may be constructed of sheet iron not less than Number twenty (20) B & S gauge, which sheet iron shall be "lock" lapped and riveted, and supported by angle iron. (b) All openings into such enclosure or room must be arranged so as to be closed entirely by doors or sliutters con- structed Of the same or equally good fire-resisting material as the walls of the enclosure or room itself, and ar- ranged to be normally closed. Every door of sucii enclosure or room shall open outward, shall close against a jamb and shall be provided with springs so placed as to keep such door closed. AH work on such enclosure or room shall be done in a workmanlike and mechanical man- ner. (c) No trap door for entering any sucli enclosure or room will be permitted, un- less such enclosure or room is provided with an additional door. Every such en- closure or room must be kept clean and free from all inflammable materials of any kind whatsoever. (d) The door or coverings for all other openings shall be held open by small cords suspended directly over the arc lamp, and shall be so arranged that when severed they will readily close all openings. (e) All openings for the operator's view and tor tlie projections of the pic- ture shall be as small as possible, and shall not be larger than twelve inches by twelve inches. (f) Whenever required by the Board Of Public Works, each such enclosure or room shall be ventilated by an opening or flue made of galvanized iron not less than number twenty (20) B & S gauge, substantially constructed and not less than twelve (12) inches in diameter. Such flue shall extend to the outside of the building or into the chimney with a flue area of not less than sixty (GO) sciuare inches. Such enclosure or room .'^hall be as near as possibe to the out- side of the building and unless the vent for the same is installed in a vertical position, such vent shall not exceed fif- teen (15) feet in length, unless such vent is provided with an approved forced drauglit. (g) Only slow burning wire shall be used inside of sucli enclosure or room ex- cept cord for room light. 31 (h) All portable eord for connecting the arc lamp shall be of the same type as is required by ordinance for electric heaters, and such cord shall be as short as possible. (i) The circuit supplying- the current for the arc lamp shall be not less than Xo. 6 B & S gauge up to operating switch. Such switch shall be not less than .35 amperes capacity, with fuses to protect such switch, and the same shall not be installed on top of the support for the arc lamp. (j) If such switch is on the under side of such support, the same must have an approved cover with the handle project- ing through the cover. Such switch i^hall disconnect the rheostat with the arc lamp. (k) The rheostat shall be raised to a lielght of at least three inches above the floor and shall be properly enclosed, and shall be surrounded with a substantial attached metal guard having a mesh not larger than one square inch, which guard shall be kept at least one inch from the outside frame of tlie rheostat. The rheostat shall be installed in such enclos- ure or room herein mentioned, excepting where permission is granted in writing, by the City Electrician to install the same elsewhere. (1) All films not being used shall be kept in metal box with tight fitting cover and only tiiose being used shall be kept in operating room. (m) Extra sets of fuses of the type ap- proved by ordinance sliall be kept on hand and open link fuses will not be allowevl. (n) The wiring of the auditorium shall be so arranged that a number of lights to .light the auditorium sufficiently can be operated by a switch near the entrance 'door, independent of the switches in the enclosure or room in whicli the picture machine is located. (o) No cut-outs other than for the arc lamp shall be installed or maintained in tlie enclosure or room in which the pic- ture machine is located and no wiring shall be installed or maintained in suc'ti enclosure or room except such as is nec- essary for the control of the lights in the auditorium. (p) Every moving picture machine must be equipped witli upper and lower magazines and automatic shutters. Sec. 10. It shall be unlawful for any person to operate any moving picture machine, unless tlie person so operating the same shall have first passed an ex- amination and received a license there- for, as in this ortlinance provided. Sec. 11. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation either as own- er, manager, agent or otherwise, to pro- cure, employ or permit, or to cause to be procured, employed or permitted, any person not duly licensed as herein pro- vided, to operate any moving picture ma- chine Of which such owner, firm or cor- poration has charge or control. Sec. 12. Before any person shall en- gage in operating any moving picture machine in the City of I^os Angeles he shall register his name and place of resi- dence in a book to be kept by the Board of Public Works in the office of the City Electrician, and shall m\ke an application in writing- to the said Board for a license to operate moving picture machines, and shall submit to an examination before the City Electrician as to his age, his knowl- edge of the mechanical construction and principal parts of moving picture ma- chines, and as to his particular experi- ence in operating the same, and as to his ability and competency properly to op- erate such moving picture machines. Such examination shall be held within five da.\s after such application is filed. If the said City Electrician, after due and thorough examination, shall find that such applicant is possessed of sufficient knowledge, skill and ability properly to operate moving picture machines with safety, the said City Electrician shall thereupon issue to such applicant a li- cense certificate stating that upon exam- ination it lias been found that the licensee therein narned is possessed of sufficient knowledge, skill and ability properly to operate moving picture machines with safety, and duly licensing such applicant to operate moving picture machines in the City of Los Angeles; provided, how- ever, that no such license sliall be issued to any person under tlie age of IS years or to any person not of temperate habits. Every person licensed to operate mov- ing picture machines shall keep his li- cense conspicuously posted on or near the door of the enclosure or room in which is located the moving picture machine operated by such person. Every person making an application to ilie said Board of Public Works for a li- cense to operate moving picture machines shall, at the time of making such appli- cation, pay to the said Board of Public Works a fee of .$5.00 for the use and benefit of the City of Los Angeles. Sec. 13. It shall be unlawful for an.v person to place or permit to remain in any enclosure or room in which any mov- ing picture machine is operated any open fire, or any lighted cigar or cigarette or pipe. Sec. 14. The provisions of Sections 3, 4, 5 (with the exception of the provisions of subsection "f" of said Section 5), and 9. shall not apply to any building or room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertainment is being conducted at the time of the passage of this ordinance, Provided, that ino exit now in use or ca- pable Of being used in any such building or room shall be closed or obstructed so as to prevent the use of such exit by any person visiting such moving picture ex- iiibition or entertainment, and provided that the provisions of Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 (with the exception of the provisions of subsection "f" of said Section 5), and Section S, shall not apply to any room in which a moving picture exhibition or en- tertainment is conducted, located on the first floor of any building used exclusively for religious worship where no entrance or admission fee is cliarged. Sec. 14a. That the provisions of this ordinance shall not be deemed to apply to the use, operation, or possession of any moving picture machine usijug an acetate cellulose film of not more than seven- eighths of an inch in width. Sec. 14b. That the provisions of this ordinance shall not apply to any moving picture exhibition or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited under authority or direction of the Board of Education of the City of Los Angeles in any room or auditorium in any school building in said city; or to any moving picture exhibition or entertainment at which moving pictures are exliibited un- der the authority or direction of the board of trustees or governing board of 32 any college, university or other similar educational institution, in any room or auditorium in any such educational build- ing in said city. Sec. 14c. That the provisions of this ordinance relating to exits, aisles or exit lights shall not apply to any moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited under the authority or 'direction of the Board of Playground Commissioners of the City of Los Angeles in any room or auditorium in any building located at any public playground in said city. That not more than nine hundred (900) persons shall be admitted to any moving picture exhibition or any entertainment at whicli moving pictures are exhibited in any room or auditorium in any building lo- cated at any public playground, and llie room or main floor only of any such room or au-ditorium shall be used for the seat- ing of spectators. Sec. 15. Any person, firm or corpora- tion who shall violate any of the pro- visions Of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con- viction thereof, shall be punishable by a fine of not less than $50.00, nor more than .?50O.00, or by imprisonment in the City Jail for a period of not less than 25 days, nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 16. That all ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict hei'ewith be and the same are hereby repealed. Sec. 17. Tliis ordinance is urgently re- quired for ttie immediate preservation of the public peace, health and safety; and the City Clerk shall certify to its passage by a two thirds vote of the Council, and cause it to be published once in The T.os Angeles Daily Journal, and thereupon and thereafter it shall take effect and be in force. I hereby certify that the whole number of members of the City Council of the City of Los Angeles is nine, and that the foregoing ordinance was passed by a two thirds vote of said Council, at its meet- ing of August 24, 1908, by the following \ ote, to wit: Ayes: Messrs. Clampitt, Dromgold^ Lyon, Wallace, Wren and Yonkin (ti). Noes: None. H. J. LEL.ANDE, City Clerk- Approved tliis 29th 'day of August, 19US. A. C. HARPER, 9 — 1 It Mayor. PEDGRIFT BROS. & LEIBOLD Contractors for Plain and Ornamental PLASTERING AND CEMENT WORK Edw. D. Pedgrift Rudolf Leibold Geo. Pedgrift Residence, 3927 S. Olive St. Home 21026; South 3533 Members Building Industries Association Office, 5th Floor Stimson Building Los Angeles, Cal. Home 606nP; Main 6561 Residence Phone £. W. WAYMON Home 75 795 PAINTER AND DECORATOR Estimates Cheerfully Given Phones: Home 60608; Main 6561 Office: Building Industries Association Johnson WOcox Hardwood Lumber Co. Recognized Authority and Headquarters for Hardwood Floors in Southern California 74679 Estimates freely furnished 1965 SOUTH VERMONT West 34 SOUTH 634-5 W. home: 29962 H o o V e: R DUMP "TRUCK CONTRACTOR SAND AND CBRAVEI- F-IN/E TRUCKS 96f5 EAST STth STREE-T LOS ANGELES, OAI Building Ordinance of Los Angeles Ordinance No. 28,700 (New Series) An Ordinance regulating the construc- tion, alteration, repair, demolition and re- moval of buildings and other structures and regulating- the construction and in- stallation of plumbing- and house drainag-o and the installation of gas piping- and fit- tings in the City of Los Angeles and pro- viding for the issuing of permits therefor. The Mayor and Council of the City of Los Angeles do ordain as follows: UNLAWFUL TO VIOLATE Section 1. It shall be unlawful for anv person, firm or corporation to erect, con- struct, alter, repair, raise, build upon, move, demolish, maintain or use, or to cause, permit, or suffer to be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, raised, built upon, moved, demolished, maintain- ed or used within the City of Los Angeles any building oi- structure, or any portion thereof, contrary to any of the provisions of this ordinance, or to do, or cause to be done, or to construct or cause to be constructed, or to use or cause to be used, any sewer, cesspool, plumbing or house drainage affecting the sanitary condition of any house or building, or anv portion thereof, in the City of Los Angeles, con- trary to any of the provisions of this or- dinance, or to do or cause to be done, or to construct or cause to be constructed, or to use or cause to be used, (except for service pipes, meter and meter connec- tions) any gas pipe or gas fitting, or to make any alterations, changes or addition to any gas pipe or gas fitting in anv build- mg or structure, or any portion thereof, in the City of Los Angeles, contrary to any of the provisions of this ordinance. PERMITS REQUIRED Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to commence or proceed with the erection, construction, alteration, repair, moving or demolition, exceeding $20.00 in cost (restoration of plastering or painting excepted) of any building or other stiucture located within Fire District No. 1 or No. 2, as defined by ordinance of the City of Los Angeles (other than buildings or other structures erected by the United States of America or the State of California) unless a per- mit so to do has been first obtained as hereinafter provided. It shall be unlawful for any person firm or corporation to commence or pro- ceed with the erection, construction, al- teration, repair, moving or demolition, ex- ceeding $75.00 in cost (restoration of plas- tenng or painting excepted) of any build- mg or other structure within the Citv of Los Angeles located outside of Fire Dis- trict No. 1 or No. 2 as defined by Ordi- nance of the City of Los Angeles (other than buildings or other structures erected by the United States of America or the State of Califoi-nia) unless a permit so to do shall have been first obtained as here- in provided. Any person desiring such permit shall file with the Board of Public Works, on a blank to be furnished by said Board, an application therefor, which application for such permit shall be made by the owner or his agent. Such application shall set forth the land upon which the propo.sed work is to be done, describing the same by lot and block, or other description by which the same may be readily located or identified; the general dimensions of the building to be erected, constructed, al- tered, repaired, raised, built upon, moved or demolished; the number and height of the stories thereof; the names of the owner, the architect, the contractor or the builder, should there be such architect, contractor or builder; and the estimate of the entire cost of the proposed work; and shall set forth the purpose for which such building, alteration or repair is de- signed. \\ hen such application is made, and plans and specifications in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance are filed with the Board of Public Works, the said Board of Public Works shall, pro- viding that it appears that the provisions of the Ordinances of the City of Los An- geles and the laws of the State of Cali- fornia are to be complied with, then issue a permit and file such application and shall apply to such plans and specifica- tions an official stamp stating that the plans and specifications to which the same has been applied, comply with the terms of this ordinance. The plans and specifications so stamped shall then be returned to such applicant. True copies of so much of said plans and specifica- tions as may be required in the opinion of the Board of Public Works to illus- trate the features of construction of the building referred to shall be filed at the office of the Board of Public Works. It shall not be obligatory upon the Board of Public Works to retain such drawings in its custody for more than three (3) months after the completion or occupation of the building to which they relate. The stamping of any plan or specification shall not be held to permit, or to be an approval of the violation of any section of this ordinance. All such plans and drawings shall be drawn to a scale of not less than one-eighth of an inch to a foot on paper or cloth, in ink, or by some other process that will not fade or obliterate. All distances and di- mensions shall be accurately figured and drawing made explicit and complete. All said plans presented shall be ac- companied by a set of specifications de- scribing all materials to be used in the proposed building. It shall be unlawful for any person to erase, alter or modify any line, figure or coloring contained on any such drawing or specification so stamped by the Board of 34 Public Works or filed with said Board for 4901 to reference. It shall be unlawful for any 5001 to person to deviate in any manner affecting 5101 to the structural features or the stability of 520I to the building- from the terms of the appli- 5301 to cation, drawing- or specification, unless 5401 to notice in writing- of such intention to 5501 to alter or deviate shall be given to the 56OI to Board of Public Works and the permission 5701 to of said Board be first obtained. 5801 to Alteration in buildings made prior to 5901 to the completton thereof which do not in- gOOl to volve anv additional co.st of the proposed (jioi to work or any changes in the structural 6201 to features or of the stairways, elevators, 6301 to fire escapes or other means of communi- 6401 to cation, or ingress. or egress, and that are 6501 to not in violation of any of the provisions 6601 to of this ordinance, may be made without 6701 to permission of the Board of Public Works. 6801 to Nothing in this ordinance contained 6901 to shall apply to or affect or authorize the 700I to moving of any building- upon any public 7101 to street, allev, court or place. 7201 to 7301 to FEES. 7401 to Sec. 3. The Board of Public Works 7501 to shall, before granting any permit upon 7601 to an application filed in accordance -with 7701 to the provisions of Section 2 of this ordi- 7801 to nance, require the payment by said ap- 7901 to plicant of the amount or amounts as pro- 8001 to vided in this section, as follows: 8101 to 6400 12.80 6500 13.00 6600 13.20 6700 13.40 6800 13.60 6900 13.80 7000 14.00 7100 14.20 7200 14.40 7300 14.60 7400 14.80 7500 15.00 7600 15.20 7700 15.40 7800 15.60 7900 15.80 8000 16.00 8100 16.20 8200 16.40 8300 16.60 8400 16.80 8500 17.00 8600 17.20 8700 17.40 8800 17.60 8900 17.80 9000 18.00 9100 18.20 9200 18.40 9300 18.60 9400 18.80 9500 19.00 9600 19.20 9700 19.40 9800 19.60 9900 19.80 10000 20.00 10100 20.15 10200 20.30 10300 20.45 10400 20.60 10500 20.75 10600 20.90 10700 21.05 10800 21.20 10900 21.35 11000 21.50 11100 21.65 11200 21.80 11300 21.95 11400 „.... 22.10 11500 22.25 11600 22.40 11700 22.55 11800 22.70 11900 22.85 12000 23.00 12100 23.15 12200 23.30 12300 23.45 12400 23.60 12500 23.75 12600 23.90 12700 _ 24.05 12800 24.20 12900 24.35 13000 24.50 13100 24.65 35 13101 to 13200 „ 24.80 13201 to 13300 24.95 13301 to 13400 25.10 13401 to 13500 _.... 25.25 13501 to 13600 25.40 13601 to 13700 25.55 13701 to 13800 25.70 13801 to 13900 25.85 13901 to 14000 26.00 14001 to 14100 26.15 14101 to 14200 _ 26.30 14201 to 14300 26.45 14301 to 14400 26.60 14401 to 14500 26.75 14501 to 14600 26.90 14601 to 14700 27.05 14701 to 1481.0 27.20 14801 to 14900 27.35 14900 to 15000 -■- 27.50 15001 to 15100 27.65 15101 to 15200 27.80 15201 to 15300 27.95 15301 to 15400 28.10 15401 to 15500 28.25 15501 to 15600 28.40 15601 to 15700 28.55 15701 to 15800 28.70 15801 to 15900 28.85 15901 to 16000 29.00 16001 to 16100 29.15 16101 to 16200 29.30 16201 to 1C300 29.45 16301 to 16400 29.60 16401 to 16500 29.75 16501 to 16600 29.90 16601 to 16700 30.0S 16701 to 16800 30.20 16801 to 16900 30.35 16901 to 17000 30.50 17001 to 17100 30.65 17101 to 17200 30.80 17201 to 17300 30.95 17301 to 17400 31.10 17401 to 17500 31.25 17501 to 17600 31.40 17601 to 17700 31.55 17701 to 17800 31.70 17801 to 17900 31.85 17901 to 18000 32.00 18001 to 18100 32.15 18101 to 18200 32.30 18?01 to 18300 32.45 18301 to 18400 32.60 18401 to 18500 32.75 18501 to 18600 32.90 18601 to 18700 33.05 18701 to 18800 33.20 18801 to 18900 33.35 18901 to 19000 33.50 19001 to 19100 33.65 19101 to 19200 33.80 19201 to 19300 33.95 19301 to 19400 34 10 19401 to 19500 34.25 19501 to 19600 34.40 19601 to 19700 34 55 19701 to 19800 34.70 19801 to 19000 34 85 19901 to 20000 35.00 And for each additional $100 or fraction thereof of the cost of such work above $20,000, and not exceeding- $50,000, 10c; and for each additional $100 or fraction thereof of the cost of such work above $50,000, 5c. (B.) The Board of Public Works shall before granting- any permit for an appli- cation filed in accordance with the pro- visions of Pection 252 or Section 287 of this Ordinance, require the payment by said applicant of a fee in the sum of fifty (50c) cents for each such permit. In the event that a permit is required under the provisions of both Section 252 and Section 287, and the work to be performed under such permits, is in or upon the same building, structure or premises, only one permit is necessary for doing such work. (C). Any person, firm or corporation desiring to deviate from the plans and specifications, application or drawings in the construction, alteration, repair or demolition, as the case may be, which affects the structural features or the sta- bility of the building, for which a permit has already been issued, shall make ap- plication for new permit and shall pay the same fees as hereinbefore provided, based on the entire cost of the changes, provided that the Board of Public Works is hereby authorized to permit minor changes and deviations to be made with- out requiring a permit, provided such changes are in conformity with the ordi- nance. (D). In the case of the moving of any building or structure the fees to be col- lected are to be based on the total cost of the work proposed to be done, exclu- sive of the cost of the actual moving while on the public street, alley or other public place. (E). The above mentioned fees do not include any other work for which a per- mit is required by any other ordinance of the City of Los Angeles. If any person, firm or corporation shall commence the erection, construction, al- teration, repair, moving or demolition of any building, without a permit first hav- ing been obtained from the Board of Public Works as required by this ordi- nance, notice in writing to obtain such permit shall be served upon such person, fii-m or corporation by the Board of Pub- lic Woiks, or shall be posted upon such building, and if such person, firm or cor- poration shall fail, for a period of twenty- four hours after service or posting of such notice to obtain such permit, such person, firm or corporation shall be re- quired, upon subsequently taking out such permit, to pay for the same double the amount of the fee hereinbefore pro- vided for such permit provided, however, that the failure of the Board of Public Works to serve such notice shall not re- lieve any person, firm or corporation from any liability imposed by or pro- vided in this ordinance. Sec. 4. Account of Fees to be Kept. The Board of Public Works shall keep in proper books an accurate account of all fees received under this ordinance, giving- the name of the owner upon whose ac- count the same were paid, and the date and the amount theieof, together with the house number of said premises, which books shall be open for public inspection. Such Board shall pay all fees received bv it into the City Treasury upon the follow- ing business day. Sec. 5. When permit expires. If the work authorized by a pei-mit is not com- menced within 90 days from date thereof or if the work authorized by such permit shall be suspended or abandoned by the owner of said building foi" a period of 90 days, then such permit shall thenceforth be null and void, and before such work can be recommenced, a ne-w permit shall be taken out, and the same fee as here- 36 inbefore lixed for the original permit shall be paid therefor. Sec. 6. Definition of Terms. For the purpose of this ordinance the following terms shall have the meanings attached to them by this section, unless it is ap- parent from the context that they are used with another meaning: "Alterations" means any change or ad- dition. "Repairs" means the reconstruction or renewal of any existing part of a build- ing, or its fixtures or appurtenances. "Party wall" means a wall used or erected to be used, in common as a structural wall by two or more adjoining buildings. "Partition wall" means any interior wall in a building other than a division wall. "Division wall" means any wall, other than an exterior wall or a party wall which extends the full height of the building and through the roof. "Bearing wall" is a wall carrying a por- tion of the interior load of a building. "Exterior wall" means every outer wall or vertical enclosure of a building other than a party wall. "Thickness of a wall" means the mini- mum thickness of a wall, between the floors or between the floors and the ceil- ing or roof of a building. "Masonry" means brick, stone or con- crete. A "dwelling" means a building intended for the residence of not over two families. An "Apartment house" or "tenement house" is a building containing separate apartments for three or more families, and having a street entrance common to all. "Flats" is a building of two or more stories containing independent dwell- ings, each having its own street en- trance. An "Office building" shall be taken to mean and include every building which shall be divided into rooms above the first story and used or intended to be used for business purposes, and no part of which shall be used for living pur- poses, except only for the janitor and his family. A "public hall" is a room for public assemblages, not including a theater, having a total seating capacity of 100 or inore persons. A "theater" is a room, hall, or audi- torium having a stage either with or without scenery, used or designed to be used for the public entertainment of per- sons, and adapted to the presentation of plays, operas, spectacles or similar forms of entertainment. A "hospital," "sanatorium," "sanita- rium," or "asylum" is a building in which sick, demented, injured, infirm, aged or orphaned persons are housed or intended to be housed. A "warehouse" i.*; a building used for the storage of goods, wares or merchan- dise. A "factory" is a building the whole or greater portion of which is used for man- ufacturing purposes. A "store building" is a building used wholly or in part for the purposes of ex- hibiting for sale goods, wares or mer- chandise. A "story and a half building" shall be taken to mean a building that is more tlian one story in height and less than two stories in height, wherein any por- tion of the space above the first story ceiling is used or intended to be used or occupied for storage, living or sleeping purposes. A "fire wall" is that part of a masonry or reinforced concrete wall extending above the roof, immediately adjoining such wall. A "basement" is that story of a build- ing not more than five (5) feet of the height of which at any point is below the grade of the street upon which the principal entrance to the building opens. A "cellar" is that story of a building not less than five (5) feet of tne height of which at any point is below the grade of the street upon which the principal entrance to the building opens. The "front" of a building is that face thereof which contains the principal en- trance to said building. Sec. 7. Classes of Buildinqs in the Fire District. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect or maintain, or to cause to be erected or maintained, within Fire District No. 1, 2 or 3, any building, unless such building shall con- form in all respects to the requirements of this ordinance for a building of either Class A, Class B or Class C, as the same are herein described; provided, however in that portion of Fire District No. 1 lying easterly of Alameda Street build- ings used or intended to be used for blacksmith shops, warehouses, stables or barns only, iTiay be erected and con- structed of corrugated iron upon wood frame, such buildings shall be of one story only, and not over 16 feet in height in the clear, and such buildings so erected or constructed shall be used only for such purposes as are herein specified and for no other; and provided, further, that in that portion of Fire Dis- trict No. 1 lying- westerly of Main Street and distant 700 feet southerly from the southerly line of Washington Street, buildings and other structures used for the purpose of housing and exhibiting animals may be erected and constructed of Class D construction; and provided further that within Fire Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. buildings used solely for the purpose of housing and exhibiting growing plants, flowers and shrubs may be erected and constructed of wire glass upon metal frame, and such buildings .shall not exceed fifteen (15) feet in height in the clear, and shall be used only for the purposes herein specified and for no other purposes; and the provisions of this section shall not apply to any buildings heretofore erected and used solely for the said purposes; provided, however, that whenever any such struc- ture is not used or occupied for the pur- pose for which it was erected, for a per- iod of sixty days, then said structure shall be removed from the premises upon which it is located. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect or maintain, or to cause to be erected or maintained within Fire District No. 4, any building unless such building shall conform in all respects to the requirements of this or- dinance for a building of either Class "A," Class "B" or Class "C", as the same are herein . described; provided. 37 howevei', that the provisions of this sec- tion shall not apply to buildings erected within Fire District No. 4, exclusively for residence purposes, including neces- sary outbuildings in connection with residences, noi- to buildings erected for church purposes costing $3000.00 or more for the construction thereof, exclusive of furniture; provided that nothing in this section contained shall apply to cooling towers for condenser circulating water, provided such cooling towers are operat- ed and water is pumped over them for at least twelve (12) hoius of every twenty- foiu- (24) consecutive houis, or if not so operated, that such cooling tower and every part thereof is flooded with water at such intervals that the woodwork com- posing the .same is kept constantly and thoroughly soaked with water. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any building ei-ected prior to the adoption of this ordinance. CLASS "A" BUILDINGS— DEFINITION AND LIMIT OF HEIGiHT. Sec. 8. Class "A" buildings, desig- nated as "fireproof" or "skeleton" con- struction, shall include every building wherein all external or internal loads or strains are transmitted to the founda- tion by means of reinforced concrete, or by means of a skeleton or framework of steel or iron, the t>eams and girders of which are riveted or bolted to each other •It their respective jimcture points; pro- vided, however, that in any building of Class "A" construction not exceeding seven stories in height, the exterior walls may be constructed of masonr.v with piers of not less than six (6) feet in width and of the thickness required for buildings of the same height of Class "}'■" construction. All beams, girders and other steel and iron work shall be thoroughly anchored and tied to ma- sonry. No building of Class "A" construction shall exceed in height 1.50 feet; pro- vided, however, that in buildings of Class "A" construction fire walls may extend not to exceed i,ix (H) feet above the high- est point of the roof; that pent house;* and roof structures for the housing of sl.iirways may extend not to exceed 12 feet above the highest point of the roof, thai the structure for housing elevator shafls or elevator machinery may ex- tend not to exceed 22 feet higher than the highest point of the roof. Sec. 9. Outer Walls. All outer walls of every building of Class "A" shall be c()nstructed of either brick, stone or con- crete. Every column in every outer wall of any such building shall have not less than four and one-half inches of brick, stone, tile or concrete beyond its outer flanges. Where a facing; of granite or marble, or other stone, which is sub- .iect to disintegration by heat is used, every beam, girder and column shall be protected independently of such facing with not less than two inches of con- crete, or of brick, stone or tile laid in cement mortar. In no case shall a granite or marble column be used to car- ry a wall exceeding one story in height. AValls of exterior light courts shall be constructed as herein provided for the construction of outer walls. Sec. 10. Party Walls. Party walls in buildings of Class "A" construction shall be constructed four inches thicker than the other walls of such buildings. Sec. 11. Filler Walls. Outer walls of Class "A" buildings built in between iron or steel columns and supported wholly by iron or steel girders in each story above the first floor, shall be not less than twelve inches thick above the street curb level, oi- tier of beams nearest the curb level; downward from each level the thickness of such walls shall increase in the I'atio of foui' inches for every four- teen feet or part thereof. Sec. 12. Exterior Structural Parts. All exterior structural parts of the framework of bviildings of Class "A" shall be thoroughly protected by concrete, tile, brick or sandstone, and shall be built in solid to the metal; provided that where any column projects out of a wall into building it shall be fireproofed as afore- said for interior columns. Sec. 13. Construction of Floors. Every floor in any building of Class "A" shall be constructed of terra cotta, brick arches or reinforced concrete in which proper provision shall be made by metal rods against the spreading of the beams. or of reinforced terra cotta or of re- inforced concrete. The sides of the beams or girders shall be protected by at least one inch of concrete or tile. The top of eveiy arch in floor construction shall be filled with concrete to a level of one inch above the beam tops if wood sleepers are used for the purpose of lay- ing flni.=hed floors said sleepers shalf be fllled between with concrete or other non- combustible material. INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION Sec. 14. Interior Partitions in any building of Class "A" shall be constructed of either hollow terra cotta blocks, gyp- sum blocks, brick or reinforced concrete in which the stiffening metal is thorough- ly fireproofed, or shall be constructed of bars of metal, lathed with metal lath, and plastered not less than five-eighths of an inch thick, or shall be constructed of wire glass not le.'-s than one-fourth of an inch thick, set in metal frames or sash. The walls of any interior light court shall be not less than eight inches thick where constructed of brick or of concrete, and .shall be not less than twelve inches thick where constructed of hollow terra cotta or gypsum blocks. Every elevator in buildings of CTlass "A" shall be enclosed in a partition extending from the basement floor to the tinderside of the flrst flooi'. All doors to such en- closure shall be constructed of metal or of wood covered with metal, constructed and arranged as specified in Section 141 of this ordinance. All glass in such en- closure or doors shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick set in metal frames and sash. FIREPROOFING Sec. 15. Every building of Class "A" shall be constructed throughout of non- inflammable material, and all interior construction metal therein, except the frame for elevators and staircases, shall be protected from rust and fire, by brick, terra cotta or concrete as follows: All structural steel or iron before being fire- proofed shall be cleaned of dirt and un- less encased in concrete, be coated with an efficient preservative, all iron and 38 steel columns, girders and beams, in- cluding the lugs and brackets for same, used m the construction of any fireproof building, or supporting any fireproof floors or masonry walls, shall be entirely covered with two inches of well burnea brick laid in cement mortar or concrete built in solid to the metal or with two inches of tile and cement mortar built in solid to the metal. The extreme outer edges of lugs, brackets and similar supporting metal shall be covered with at least one inch of the flreproofing. Pro- vided, that where steel trusses are used to support the concrete or tile, or hol- low tile roof of a Class "A" building and the lower chord of the roof trusses is at least forty feet above the nearest floor in any such building, and there is no room or rooms, structure or structures, excepting the roof above such roof trusses, and such trusses are protected from fire by means of a ceiling con- structed of steel ribs, metal lath and fire- proof plaster, the flreproofing herein- above in this section described may be omitted; provided, however, that the lower chord of such trusses shall be wrapped with metal lath and plastered with cement or fireproof plaster to a thickness of not less than three-fourths of an inch. Where, however, such fire- proof ceiling is twelve inches or more below such lower chord of such trusses, then and in that case, such metal lath and plaster on such lower chord shall not be required. Provided, further, that where steel roof trusses are used to support the roof of a Class "A" building and no structure ex- cept the roof of such building Is con- structed or maintained on or over such roof trusses and no structure other than a balcony not more than ten feet in width below such roof trusses and is supported by such roof trusses, and each of such roof trusses is placed not less than twenty-five feet above the floor of the building or the portion of the building over which such room trusses are erected, or constructed then and in that event, the flreproofing provided for in this sec- tion shall not be required. In hollow tile blocks more than six inches thick, the shells and webs thereof shall not be less than three-fourths inch thick. Said blocks shall be thoroughly tied and anchored together. Sec. 16 Stairways. Every building of Class "A" shall have at least one (1) in- terior stairway not less than four feet (4') wide from the ground to the roof for each ten thousand (10,000) square feet of fioor area or fraction thereof, and all such stairways shall be constructed of fire- proof material throughout. No stairway shall surround or be adja- cent to an elevator shaft or open well- hole unless separated from said shaft or wellhole, by a partition or wall of fire- proof materials, or unless there is in the building another interior stairway from the ground to the roof not adjacent to an elevator shaft or wellhole. But in no case shall any floor of more than ten thou.sar>d .«?ouare feet of area have less than two interior stairways from the top floor to the second floor of the building. Stairways from the first fioor to any basement or portion thereof used only for storage or for the maintenance of service for the building shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout and shall be enclosed in fireproof walls or parti- tions, having a tight door and containing no glass other than wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick. Sec. 17. Roofs. The roof of every building of Class "A" shall be constructed of concrete, brick arches or tile, the upper surface of which shall be covered with asphaltum and gravel, cement, concrete, tile or other fire resisting composition roofing.. Sec. 18. Skylights. Skylight frames on buildings of Class "A" construction shall be constructed entirely of metal, and all such skylights shall be glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth inch thick, and no light therein shall be larger than sixteen inches by forty-eight inches. Sec. 19. Cornices. No cornice con- structed on a Class "A" building shall ex- ceed in width, measured from the face of the building to the outer edge of such cornice one inch for each foot in height of the building from the level of the first floor of such building and in no case shall such cornice exceed five feet in width. Sec. 20. Class "B" Buildings — Defini- tion and Limit of Height. Class "B" buildings shall not exceed one hundred feet in height except that spires, domes or towers on houses of religious worship may be erected to a height not to exceed one hundred and twenty-five (1^5) feet; nor contain more than eight stories; the exterior walls and piers of which shall be constructed of masonry, or of masonry and steel, and all interior loads (except those transmitted to exterior walls) shall be carried to the foundations by columns and girders of iron or steel or masonry. All wooden joists, furring, studding or .soffits of stairs shall be metal lathed and plastered. No studding shall be less than 2x4 inches in cross section. Sec. 21. Structural Metal. Every beam carrying masonry and all columns Jn Class "B" buildings shall be flreproofed as provided for in Class "A" buildings. All exposed parts or other structural metal shall be covered with metal lath on metal furring and plastered, leaving an air space of not less than one -half inch behind such lath and plaster. Sec. 22. Construction of Floors. In buildings of Class "B" all floors, ceiling and roof joists may be of wood. Every fioor shall be composed of two layers of flooring, each of which shall be not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick, with one inch of non-combustible material placed between the layers of the flooring and extending over the entire area solid up to all fixtures and structural parts of such building which pass through the floors and between furring strips. Under such layer of non-combustible material there sliall be placed a sheet of water- proof paper; or the floor may be con- structed with a layer of two- inch tongued and grooved planking and a layer of one-inch flooring, with a layer of waterproof paper between such layers, or two thicknesses of seven -eighths inch flooring with two thicknesses of asbestos paper between the layers of such floor- ing. All waterproof paper must be turned up at least two inches where it comes in contact with the walls or any fixture or structural part of such build- ing passing through the floor. Sec. 23. Bridging. In buildings of 39 Class "B" all wood joists shall have at least one row of 2x3 inch cross bridging to each twelve feet of span or fraction thereof. All spaces between joists shall be blocked solid at each bearing- partition with blocks not less than two inches thick and of the full height of the joists. Each stud partition shall have two-inch bridging the full width of the studs at the floor and ceiling and one row of two- inch bridging- between the floor and ceil- ing; provided, however, that where two- inch plates the full width of studs are used at the floor and ceiling, bridging at the floor and ceiling shall not be required. Sec. 24. Stairways. Buildings of Class "li" shall have one main interior stair- w^ay not less than four feet wide, from the first to the topmost story, but in no case shall there be less than two interior stairways from the top floor to the second floor in any building having more than six thousand square feet of second floor area, and every building shall have at least one interior stairway removed not less than ten feet from any elevator shaft or open well-hole, and one interior stairway to the roof. Every building of Class "B" having more than 10,000 square feet of floor area on each floor shall have one additional in- terior stairway, not less than four feet •wide, from the first to the topmost story, and one additional such stairway for each additional 5000 square feet to such floor area or fractional part thereof; piovided, however, that where such buildinj^ is used for, intended and designed to be used for store purposes above the first floor, then such building shall be equipped with in- terior stairways as follo^ws: For 3000 square feet of floor area or less at least one main stairway, not less than four feet wide from the first to the top-most story, and for each additional 4000 square feet or fractional part thereof in addi- tion to said 3000 square feet of floor area, an additional such stairway shall be pro- vided. Stairways from the first story to any basement or portion thereof occupied only for storage or for the maintenance of service for the building, shall be con- structed of fireproof material throughout and shall be closed at some point with a tight partition and door, containing no glass, other than wired glass not less than ■<>ne-foui'th of an inch thick. Sec. 25. Elevators, Dumb Waiters and Chutes. All passenger elevators in buildings of Class "B" shall be enclosed in a shaft having a covered top; said shaft shall extend from the basement floor to at least eighteen feet above the highest floor reached by the car. or not less than three feet above the roof. The walls of such shaft shall be of brick, tile, concrete or of wood studs having; fire stops the width of studs and not less than two inches thick at each i]oor and once between floors; such studs shall be metal lathed on both sides and plastered three-fourths of an inch thick, or such shaft inay be enclosed with wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick set in metal covered frames and sash. All doors to such shafts shall be con- structed of metal or metal covered wood, and any glass in doors or shaft walls shall be wired glass not less than one- fourth of an inch thick set in metal or metal covered sash and frame. The room containing the elevator ma- chinery shall be of the same construction as required for the above mentioned ele- vator shaft. Every dumb waiter, chute or other shaft, cutting- through from floor to floor, shall be of the same class of con- struction as required for passenger ele- vator shafts, or may be of metal or metal lined where too small to plaster, and all openings to such shafts or chutes shall be provided with metal doors. If a freight elevator is placed in a shaft, the shaft shall be constructed as provided for shafts for passenger eleva- tors. In case a freight elevator is not enclosed, trap doors shall be provided at each floor, which doors shall be automatic, or shall be held open by fusible links attached thereto and so arranged as to fall shut when the link is fused, and shall be covered with lock jointed tin on the under side and edges. Every freight elevator hereafter in- stalled in any building -which runs from the basement or lower floor to or above the third floor of the building-, shall be entirely enclosed in a shaft, such shaft to be constructed and equipped the same as in this ordinance provided for shafts for passenger elevators. Freight elevators which by this ordi- nance are not required to be enclosed in a shaft shall be provided with trap doors at each floor, which doors shall be auto- matic or shall be held open by fusible links attached thereto and so arranged as to fall shut when the link is fused. Said trap doors shall be covered with lock jointed tin on the under side and edges. Sec. 26. Light Courts. In every build- ing of Class "B" the walls of every in- terior light court the floor or ground area of which exceeds forty square feet shall be constructed of masonry or walls car- ried on steel beams, supported by col- umns at the several floors, shall be of tile, brick or reinforced concrete, not less than four inches thick. 'W'alls of light courts, constructed of brick or hollow tile blocks, laid in cement mortar having face areas which exceed 144 square feet, shall be reinforced with expanded metal at least every t-wo feet in height for the full thickness of the wall. Interior light courts, of less than forty square feet in area, if not constructed of brick, reinforced concrete or hollow tile blocks shall be lined with tight board- ing having vertical stripping, and shall be metal lathed and plastered with three- fourths of an inch of hard plaster. OTIS ELEVATOR CO. 40 Exterior light courts brealcing not more than eight feet into the building, shall be of me construction provided for curtain walls. li such exterior light courts brealc more than eight feet into the building, the walls thereof shall be constructed of brick or concrete not less than eight inches thick and carried on steel or iron or rein- forcea concrete beams at each floor. Sec. 27. Roofs. Rafters in buildings of Class "B" shall be placed not more than twenty-four inches apart from center to center and shall be covered with board- ing not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick. All roof-boarding shall be covered with tin, copper or with felt and asphaltum covered with gravel, or with other fire-resisting composition. Sec. 28. Skylights, All skylights in buildings of Class "B" shall be construct- ed as provided for the construction of skylights in buildings of Class "A." Sec. 29. Roof Spaces and Cornices. The space between the ceiling of the top story and the roof of buildings of Class "B" shall be divided into sections, each having an area not exceeding two thou- sand nve hundred square feet, by tight partitions of one-inch redwood, or by partitions of studs metal lathed and plas- tered on both sides. All openings in such partitions shall have doors of similar con- struction, which shall be self-closing. All cornices, gutters and appendages on buuaings of Ciass "B" shall De consiruct- ed as Hereinbefore provided tor tlie con- struction 01 cornices, gutters and appen- dages on buddings of Class "A." Sec. 30. Cla*s "C" Buildings — Defini- tion and Limit of Heights. Class "C" buildings shall incluae every building having its outside walls of masonry or reinlorced concrete, wherein all floors and internal loads are not wholly carried and transmitted to the foundations by metal columns and girders, or by rein- forced concrete or masonry. No building of Class "C" shall exceed in height e^ghty-flve feet, except that spires, domes or towers on houses of re- ligious worship may be erected to a height not to exceed one hundred and ten (110) feet, and the number of stories thereof shall not exceed six; exclusive of basements. Sec. 31. Construction. In buildings of Class "C" of either five (.5) or six (6) stories in height, all joists below the up- per four (4) floors shall be supported by steel, iron or masonry. Bearing partitions in the upper two (2) stories of every building of Class "C" construction shall have studs not less thon two inches by four inches (2"x4"), and all bearing studs of all stoiies below the upper two stories shall be not less than two inches by six inches (2"x6"). All studs and joists shall be bridged and fire-stopped as hereinbefore provided for buildings of Class "B." In buildings of Class "C" more than two stories in height, in wiiich the upper stories are divided in whole or in part into rooms, the under side of the second floor joists, and the soffits of all stairs, shall be metal lathed and plastered; and all joists and studs below said second floor shall be siinilarly protected. Provided, however, that in buildings of this class erected outside of Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4, the provisions of this .section shall not apply, except that in such buildings all halls and corridors on the first and second stories and tiie soffits of all stairs shall be plastered with plaster on metal lath. In all buildings of Class "C," four or more stories in height, the ceiling of every cellar or basement, the beams and joists of which are of wood, shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered. Sec. 32. Light Courts. Light courts in btiildings of Class "C" shall be construct- ed as hereinbefore provided for the con- struction of light courts in buildings of Class "B." Sec. 33. Floors. In buildings of Class "C" over two stories in height, all floors shall be constructed of two layers of sev- en-eighths inch flooring with two thick- nesses of asbestos paper between said layers. HOLLOW TERRA COTTA PARTITIONS AND FLOORS Sec. 34. Interior bearing partitions of Class "C" buildings may be of hollow terra cotta block.?, and stich partition shall be constructed in accordance with the following table as to thickness, and laid up and bonded as hereinafter de- scribed. The thickness of hollow terra cotta block bearing partitions in Class "C" buildings shall be as follows: (The ntmierals at the head of the sev- eral coUnnns indicate the story and the inciies shown in the column denote the thickness of the wall. Height Basement of or Cellar Building Wall , 1 2 3 4 .5 6 1-Storv 8" thick 6" 2-.Storv 8" thick 6" 6" 3-Storv 12" thick 8" 6" 6" 4-Story 12" thick 8" 8" 6" 6" .5-Storv 16" thick 12" 8" 8" 6" 6" 6-Story 16" thick, 12" 12" 8" 8" 6" 6" Hollow terra cotta block non-bearing partitions shall not exceed the following: 6" partitions, 20'— 0" high. 4" partitions, 16' — 0" high. 3" partitions, 14'— 0" high. Three inch hollow terra cotta blocks may be used for the construction of clo.sets and vent shafts if reinforced witii wire in each horizontal joint. Hollow terra cotta blocks used for bearing walls and partitions in buildings three or more stories in height must be built on their ends and reinforced with metal lath or three-mesh hardware cloth one inch narrower than the thickness of the wall. This metal fabric shall be spread on each horizontal bed the full length of the wall and doubled at each corner. After the reinforcing metal is in place the entire surface of each course of the wall shall be covered completely with Portland cement mortar, in proportions of three parts lime mortar to one part of Portland cement. The tile in interior bearing partitions shall be so bonded to- gether that the vertical webs on each course will come directly over each other through the entire wall. No party or di- vision wall shall be constructed of hol- low terra cotta blocks and no hollow terra cotta blocks shall be carried on any wood beam, girder or post. In buildings of Class "C," where hollow terra cotta blocks are used for bearing partitions, the floors shall be constructed of reinforced concrete, or reinforced hoi- 41 low terra cotta blocks, or of both, and shall be made to sustain the tloor loads in accordance with and as required by Sec- tion 130 of this ordinance. The contractor or owner shall make load tests on any part of a reinforced structure, whether ii be reinforced concrete, or whether it be reinforced hollow terra cotta blocks, or a combination of both reinforced concrete and reinforced terra cotta blocks; such test shall be made whenever the Board of Public Works deems necessary, and any floors of the above mentioned con- struction shall be capable of sustaining a load of twice that for which it is de- signed, without any sign of failure, and in the case of beams, girders and floors, without deflecting more than one seven- hundredths of the span. Hollow tire-proof building blocks com- posed of gypsum and fibre may be used in the construction of interior nonbear- ing partitions, excepting in the base- ments of buildings, where hollow terra cotta blocks are permitted to be used. Partitions so constructed shall be of the same thickness for different heights as above required for hollow terra cotta block partitions. Sec. 34'/2. Interior non-bearing parti- tions in buildings of Classes B, C or D construction shall be constructed of studs not less than two inches by three inches and lathed and plastered, or such non- bearing partitions may be constructed of hollow terra cotta tile in accordance with the provisions of Section 34 of this or- dinance, provided that all such hollow terra cotta tile non-bearing partitions shall be supported on masonry; metal studs, lathed with metal lath and plas- tered; or such non-beaung partitions may be constructed of studs not less than one inch by two inches, lathed oh one side with wood or metal lath and plasterea, and on the other side such studs and lath shall be plastered with cement mortar of such thickness that the finished par- tition shall be not less than two inches in thickness. In older to make the mor- tar adhere to the studs, each such stud shall have securely fastened thereto a strip of metal lath equal to the full width and length of .«uch stud or shall have nails of a size not less than 4d (four penny) common, driven not more than two inches apart into each such stud and left with the heads of such nails pro- jecting frotn the face of such stud not less than one-half inch. Sec. 35. Stairways. Buildings oT Class "C" shall have one main interior stairway not less than 4 feet wide from the first to the topmost story; provided that in no case shall there be less than two interior stairways from the topmost story to the second floor of any such building having more than 5000 square feet of second floor area; and every building of Class "C" shall have at least one interior stairway not less than 10 feet from any elevator shaft or open well hole, and one interior stairway to the roof. Every building of Class "C" having more than 8000 square feet of floor area on each floor, shall have one additional interior stairway not less than four feet wide from the first to the topmost story, and one additional such stairway for each additional 4000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, or area in addition to said SOOO square feet. Buildings of Class "C" used, or in- tended or designed to be used for store purposes, or factory purposes aoove the first floor, shall be equipped with interior stairways as follows: for every 3000 square feet or less of each flooi' area, at least one main stairway from tiie first to the topmost story; and an additional such stairway for each additional 3jU0 square feet or fraction thereof of floor area, in addition to said 3000 square feet. Stairways from the first story to an\' basement or portion thereof in such buildings, used for storage only, or for the maintenance of service for the build- ing shall be closed at some point with a tight partition and door, containing no glass other than wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick. Sec. 36. Elevator Shafts, Dumb Wait- ers, Chutes and Other Shafts. Elevator shafts, dumb waiters, chutes and other shafts in buildings of Class "C" shall be constructed as hereinbefore provided for the construction of elevator shafts, dumb waiters, chutes and other shafts in buildings of Class "B." Sec. 37. Roofs. Roofs of buildings of Class "C" shall be constructed as here- inbefore provided for the construction of roofs for buildings of Class "B." Sec. 38. Roof Spaces and Cornices. Roof spaces in buildings of Class "C" shall be subdivided as hereinbefore pro- vided for the subdivision of room spaces in buildings of Class "B." All cornices, gutters and appendages on buildings of Class "C" shall be construct- ed as hereinbefore provided for the con- struction of cornice, gutters and append- ages on buildings of Class "A." Sec. 39. Skyhghts. All skylights in buildings of Class "C" shall be construct- ed as hereinbefore provided for the con- struction of skylights in buildings of Class "A." Sec. 40. Class "D" Buildings — Defini- tion, Construction and Limit of Height. Clas.'^ "D" buildings shall include every building not included in Classes "A", "B" and "C." Class "D" buildings shall not exceed fifty feet in height, except that spires, domes or towers on houses of religious worship may be erected to a height not to exceed seventy-five (75) feet; nor contain more than four stories, except that build- ings of Class "D" construction intended for the housing of trees, plants or vines may be erected to a height not to exceed sixty (60) feet; provided that such build- ings are constructed entirely of masonry, steel and glass. The studs of the exterior walls of Class "D" buildings over three stories in height shall be sheathed diagonally with boards not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick, exclusive of the weather covering. All exterior or bearing walls below the sidewalk level at the highest point of the sidewalk adjacent to such building shall be constructed of masonry, except that interior partitions may in lieu of mason- ry, be constructed as hereinbefore pro- vided for the construction of such parti- tions in Class "B" buildings. Sec. 41. Class "D" Buildings— Classi- fication. Evei-\' building or structure lierelofore erected or constructed which does not conform to the provisions of this ordinance relating to construction, ma- terial or requirement of buildings of Class 42 "A,'", Class "B" or Class "C" constiuct- tion shall, for the purpose of this ordi- nance, be deemed and considered a build- ing or structure of Class "D." Sec. 42. Foundations — Class "D". In buildings of Class "D" not over one story in height, where a masonry foundation is desired, such foundation wall, if of brick, shall be not less than eight inches thick, and shall have a footing of not less than twelve inches wide. If such foundation wall is of conciete, it shall not be less than six inches thick, and have a footing not less than twelve inches wide. If such foundation walls be over seven feet in height, the walls thereof shall be in- creased four inches in thickness for each additional seven feet or fractional part thereof in height. When the increased thickness of the wall is required the foot- ing shall be increased in thickness in the above ratio. Buildings more than one story in height, except barns and outhouses, shall have a masonry foundation or cellar wall not less than eight inches thick, and shall have a footing course not less than sixteen inches wide, and not less than five inches thick. If such foundation walls be over seven feet in heigiit. they shall be in- creased four inches in thickness for each additional seven feet or fi'actional part thereof of height. Where the increased thickness of the wall is required the foot- ings .shall be increased in width in the hereinbefore mentioned ratio. Buildings over two stories in height shall have foundation or cellar walls not less than twelve inches thick, if such wall is not more than ten feet high and each successive ten feet or fraction there- of of height below the top ten feet of such wall shall be four inches thicker than the section next above. Each such wall shall have a footing not less than 7.5 per cent wider than the section of wall resting upon it. ■^ Depths of foundations of Class "D" buildings shall not be less than is speci- fied in the following schedule: For one-story buildings, not less than six inches below the natural surface of the ground. For two-story buildings not less than one foot below the natural surface of the ground. For three or four-story buildings, not less than two feet below the natural sur- face of the ground. Sec. 43. Cellar Walls— Class "D." In buildings of Class "D," which are not over two stories in height, cellar walls shall be not less than eight inches thick. Cellar walls over seven feet in height !n such buildings shall be increased in thickness four inches for each additional seven feet or fractional part thereof in height: provided, however, that non-bear- ing cellar walls constructed of concrete, not more than seven feet in height, shall be not less than six inches in thickness. In such buildings over two stories in height, the cellar walls shall be not less than twelve inches thick, if such walls are not more than ten feet in height; and each successive ten feet or fraction the'-eof in height below the top ten feet .-^hall be four inches thicker than the sec- tion next above: provided, however, that non-bearing cellar walls constructed of concrete, if not more than seven feet in height, shall be not less than six inches thick. All such cellar walls shall have founda- tion footings of the size described in Section 42 of this ordinance. Sec. 44. Masonry Walls — Class "D". In buildings of Class "D," masonry walls dividing rooms, and not used as support- ing walls, shall be not less than four inches thick, or if such walls are built of hollow tile blocks they shall be not less than three inches thick; provided, that in no case shall such wall be sup- ported on wood or be more than ten feet in height. Sec. 45. Studding — Class "D." In buildings of Class "D" the upper two stories shall have 2x4 inch studs, and all lower stories shall have not less than 2x6 studs in bearing partitions and exterior walls. Non-bearing partitions not more than twelve feet in height shall have studs of dimensions not less than 2x3 inches. In one-story dwellings having studs of not more than twelve feet in length, the studs shall be not less than 2x3 inches. All wood joists shall have at least one I'ow of 2x3 inch cross bridging to eacn twelve feet or fraction thereof of span. All spaces between joists shall be blocked at each bearing, and over each bearing partition, with solid blocks not less than two inches thick and the full depth of the joists. Each stud wall and partition shall have two-inch bridging at the floor and the ceiling and one row of two-inch bridging between the floor and the ceiling; pro- vided, however, that ' where two-inch plates aie used, the full width of the stud wall or pai'tition bridging at the flooi' and ceilings shall not be required. All corners of Class "D" buildings shall have diagonal bracing in the stud walls or partitions in each story and additional diagonal bracing shall be constructed in each stud wall or partition to each twen- ty-five feet of length thereof. No studding shall be placed against the wall of another building, unless the said studding is sheathed with one-inch boards, close jointed, on the side thereof next to said adjacent building. Sec. 46. Floors — Class "D." The floors of Class "D" buildings four stories in height shall be constructed of two layers of boards. Each of such layers shall be not less than seven-eighths of an inch in thickness. Sec. 47. Stairways — Class "D." All buildings of Class "D," other than dwell- ings, more than two stories in height, shall have at least one interior stairway not less than four feet wide, from the first story to the topmost story. Every such building containing more than 3000 square feet of second floor area shall have an additional such stairway for each ad- ditional 3000 square feet or fractional part thereof of second floor ai'ea. E'very such building over two stories in height shall have at least one such stairway from the topmost story to the roof. Every such building, two stories in height, shall have at least one interior stairway not less than foiu- feet in width from the first story to the topmost story thereof for each 4000 square feet or fractional part thereof of second floor space; pro- vided, however, that in warehouse or fac- tory buildings of Class "D" construc- tion not exceeding two stories in height, the second floor of which is not divided, by partitions or otherwise' and where no 43 F. O. WYMAN, President W. J. BAILEY, Vice-President A. M. NORTH, Secretary SUMMIT LIME COMPANY (Incorporated) SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF BLUE SUMMIT LIME Office: 708-709 Marsh-Strong Bldg. Los Angeles, CaL Telephone Main 1 5 1 Works at Tehachapi, Cal. Bear IBI Brand PORTLAND CEMENT UNEXCELLED FOR UNIFORMITY AND STRENGTH Write for New Catalog GOLDEN STATE PORTLAND CEMENT CO. 521-2 Marsh-Strong Building, Los Angeles, Cal. 44 female person is employed above the first floor of sucli building-, there shall be provided not less than one interior or ex- terior stairway not less than four feet in width from said second floor to the first floor of said building or to the ground, for each 7000 square feet or frac- tional part thereof of second floor area; provided, further, that not less than one- half of the number of stairwajs required in any such building may be placed on the exterior thereof unless an odd number of stairways is required and in which event the majority of such stairways may be placed in the interior of such building- or on the exterior thereof at the option of the ownei- of such building. Sec. 48. Elevator Shafts, Etc. — Class "D." Elevator shafts, diunb waiters, chutes and other shafts in buildings of Class "D" shall be constructed as here- inbefore provided for the construction of elevator shafts, dumb waiters, chutes and other shafts in buildings of Class "B." Sec. 49. Skylights— Class "D." Sky- light frames in buildings of Class "D" othei- than dwellings sliali be constructed entirely of metal, and all skylights shall be glazed with wire glass, not less than one-fourth of an inch thicl<, and no light therein shall be larger than sixteen inches by forty-eight inches. Sec. 50. Roof Spaces — Class "D." Roof spaces in buildings of Class "D" shall be subdivided as hereinbefore provided for roof spaces in buildings of Class "B." Sec. 51. Factory Buildings — Class "D." All factory buildings of Class "D" con- struction more than one story in height .shall have all interior and roof loads car- ried on columns and gTrders. The roof of such buildinga shall be covered with boardings not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick. All roof boarding shall be covered with tin, copper, corrugated iron, or with felt and asphaltum covered with gravel, or with other fire-resisiting composition. Sec. 52. Terra Cotta Buildings Outside Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3. Build- ings not exceeding foui- stories or fifty feet in total height may be erected and constructed of hollow terra cotta blocks in the City of I^os Angeles, except in that portion of said city included within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3. The ex- terior walls of such buildings may be of reinforced terra cotta blocks of such thickness as is prescribed for masonry walls in Sections 112 and 115 of this ordinance and all interior bearing walls or partitions, and non-bearing partitions shall be of the same thickness, height and general construction as provided for such walls elsewhere in this ordinance, and such structure shall, in all other details of arrangement and construction, conform to the requirements of this ordinance. Buildings not exceeding one story in height used or intended for use as a, private dwelling, private stable, private garage, and the necessary out buildings used or intended to be used in connection Iheiewith. may be erected and construct- ed of hollow terra cotta tile blocks in Ihe City of Los Angeles, except in that poition of said city included within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and .S. The ex- terioi- walls of any such buildings con- structed of hollow terra, cotta tile blocks shall be not loss than 6 inches in thick- ness; the interior bearing walls thereof shall be not less than 4 inches in thick- ness, and the interior non-bearings walls thereof shall be not less than 'i inches in thickness. No such wall shall exceed 20 feet in length, if unsupported laterally, and shall not exceed 10 feet in height measured from the floor level to the wall plate, provided that a fire wall not less than f) inches in thickness may be con- structed above the adjoining roof line of any such building not to exceed a height of 2 feet 6 inches. Every such wall shall be laid up in cement mortar containing not less than one part of Portland Cement to three parts of good lime mortar, and shall be carried directly on foundations of brick o(- concrete. Every such foundation wall shall be continuous and shall be not less than 8 inches in thickness, with a footing not less than 16 inches in width, and shall extend up to the floor line. Every such footing shall be not less than 12 inches below the surface of the ground. In all other respects every building con- structed of hollow terra cotta tile blocks shall conform to the requirements of this ordinance for the construction of brick buildings. HOSPITALS, ASYLUMS, ETC. Sec. 53. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to occup>', use or maintain a hospital, sanatorium, sanitarium or asylum in an>- building or structure hereafter erected or constructed in the City of I^os Angeles more than one story in height, unless such building o; structure be of Class "A" consti'uction; provided, however, that open air sleeping porches or sleeping quarters may be con- structed and maintained above the ceiling and below the roof of any one-story sana- torium, sanitarium or asylum of Class "B," Class "C" or Class "D" construction having- not to exceed 1.5 rooms, exclusive of the basement or cellar. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or coi-poration, after the date this ordinance becomes effective, to change or convert any building over one story in height to be thereafter used as a hos- pital, sanatorium, sanitarium or asylum unless such building- conforms to the pro- visions of the ordinances of the City ot Los Angeles relating to the construction, aiiangement and maintenance of hos- pitals, sanatoriums, sanitariums, or asy- lums. The walls and ceilings of every corridor of each "floor of every hospital, sanato- rium, sanitarium or asylum shall extend from one exterior wall to another in a line as direct as practicable, and every such corridor shall have a door at each end, and if more than one story in height shall have a fire escape at each end thereof. EVery fire escape in such building shall consist of an iron stairway extending from the ground to the topmost story and shall have a landing at each story com- municating with such corridors. The treads of such stairway shall be not less than eight inches wide and the risers shall be not more than seven inches high. Each such stairway shall have a sub- stantial iron railing- at least three feet high on its exposed sides. From the landing- at the top story a metal ladder shall extend to the roof, as provided in this oidinance for other fire escapes. Where any hospital, sanatorium, sani- 45 Simons Brick Co. 1 23 West Third Street Los Angeles Main 126 A2744 Manufacturers of Hollow Tile Plain and Interlocking Roofing Tile Mission — Spanish, Large and Small — Madrid BRICK Colonial Face — Red Pressed — Blue — Ruffled — All Sizes Builders, Etc. 46 tarium or asylum is built on the pavilion system connected by corridors, there shall be fire doors at each end of every corri- dor connecting sucii buildings, which said fire doors shall be constructed and ai- ranged in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. Provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any hos- pital, sanatorium, sanitaiium or asylum constructed, used and occupied as such at the time of the passage of this ordi- nance. Sec. 54. Altering Hospitals, Etc. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to alter, repair, raise, build upon, move, reconstruct or make any addition to any hospital, sanatorium, sanitarium or asylum, or any building used or occupied as such, except a build- ing of Class "A" construction; provided, however, that a buildiiTg not of Class "A" construction used and occupied at the time of the passage of this ordinance as a hospital, sanatorium sanitarium or asylum may be altered, repaired, recon- structed or added to if such alteration, repair, reconstruction or addition is of Class "A" construction. Sec. 55. Hotels. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct or maintain, or to cause to be erected, constructed or maintained, any building used or designed to be used as a hotel, apartment house, tenement house, boarding house or lodging house more than three stories in height unless the same is of Class "A," Class "B" or Class "C" construction, or more than four stories in height unless the same is of Class "A" or Class "B" construc- tion, or more than five stories in height unless the same is of Class "A" construc- tion. Sec. 56. In buildings of Class "D" more than two stories in height, used or designed to be used as hotels, apartment houses. teneTient houses, boarding houses or lodging houses, all corridors, hallways and t>ie iinde^ s'de of all stairwavs not constructed of fireproof material shall be metfl lf>thed pnd plastered. (NOTE— CEE ALSO STATE LAWS PEGAROING TENEMENT HOUSES, HOTELS, LOOPING HOUSES AND DWELLING HOUSES. Sec. 57. Certain Factory Buildings to be of Class "A," "B" or "C." Every building more than three stories in height used for factory purposes shall be of Class "A," Class "B" or Class "C" con- struction. BUILDINGS CONTAINING A CHURCH, LECTURE ROOM, MUSIC OR OTHER PUBLIC HALL, OR ASSEMBLY ROOM. Sec. 58. Any building or portion thereof built for or intended to be used as a church, lecture room, music or other pub- lic hall, or assembly room, shall in ad- dition to any other requirements in this ordinance contained be constructed in the manner as follows, to-wit: (a). Every room used for housing, or the installation of a heating or ventilat- ing plant, shall have brick or masonry walls surrounding the same, extending from floor to ce'ling. The ceiling of every such room shall be made of reinforced concrete, or hollow tile and concrete, plas- tered with hard-wall plaster. All open- ings through its walls into any other part of the building shall be protected by standard tire doors constructed in accord- ance with the specifications contained in this ordinance, or by hollow metal sash with wired glass set in hollow metal frames. (b). The tinder side of every stairway and gallery, both sides of all partitions under same, both sides of every vesti- bule partition, and the ceiling of every vestibule in every such building shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered; and the walls, ceiling and partitions of every basement or story under any ropni used as a church, lecture room, music or other public hall, or assembly room shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered ex- cept as otherwise provided. (c). All seats in every room in such building used as a church, lecture room, music or other public hall, or assembly room shall be not less than thirty-two inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction. No seat in such room shall have more than six seats in- tervening between it and an aisle on one side of it or the other, allowing twenty inches for each seat. In computing the accommodations of assembly halls having movable seats, seven square feet shall be allowed for each person. Where the seating capacity of any floor in any such church, lecture room, music or other public hall, or assemly room is arranged to accommodate not more than one hundred persons, there shall be pro- vided one or more aisles, the aggregate width of which shall be six feet, and the ae-e-regate width of such aisle or aisles shall be increased eight inches for the seat.ng capacity of each additional hun- dred persons or fractional part thereof. No aisle shall be less than three feet In width. (d). Stairs from balconies and gal- leries shall not communicate with a basement or cellar. All stairs in each flight shall have treads of uniform height, and shall be constructed without wind- ers, and shall have a strong hand rail on each side thereof. Stairways from such balconies or galleries designed for a seating capacity of one hundred per- sons or fractional part thereof shall be at least four feet six inches wide, and shall be increased six inches in width for each additional hundred persons or fractional part thereof. If there be two or more stairways, the width of each shall be not less than four feet for a total seating capacity of two hundred persons, and shall be increased six inches in aggregate width for each additional hundred persons. No portion of such balcony or gallery shall be more than fifty feet distant from a stairway. Pro- vided, however, that a balcony or gal- lery seating fifty persons or less may have a stairway not less than three feet wide. (e) The aggregate width of the exits of any such building shall be at least fifteen per cent greater than the aggre- gate width required for the aisles, and each balcony or gallery therein having a seating capacity of one hundred per- sons or more shall have an exit, separate and d'stinct from any other exit from the auditorium, direct to the vestibule or street. No exit from such buliding shall be less than five feet in width or seven feet in height. The doors of exits shall 47 nut oijen immediately on a liight of stairs but on a platform or landing:, the length and breadth of which shall be not less than the width of the exit opening lead- ing thereto. All halls, vestibules or pas- sageways used as exits in such buildings, shall be provided with lighting facilities, and all fixtures shall be not less than seven feet above the floor. (f) Inclined floors in public buildings stiall not have a steeper gradient than one in ten. (g) EVery public building shall be pro- vided with separate toilet accommoda- tions for men and women, such accom- modations to be adequate and easily ac- cessible. Sec. 59. Theatres. All theatres and theatre buildings shall be of Class "A" construction tnroughout. No building which, at the time of the passage of this ordinance, is not in actual use for theat- rical or operatic purposes, and no build- ing hereafter erected not in conformity with the requirements of this ordinance, shall be used for theatrical or operatic performances, or for pul)lic entertain- ments of any kind, until the same shall have been made to conform to the re- i|uirements of this ordinance. Xo build- ing herein described shall be opened to the ptiblic for theatrical or operatic pur- poses, or for public entertainments of any kind until the Board of Public AVorks shall have issued a certificate in writing stating that such building con- forms . to the requirements of this ordi- nance. Xo such certificate shall be issued unless there shall have been first filed \\ ith said Board a statement in writing signed by the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, setting forth that all ordi- nances of the City relating to the instal- lation or maintenance of apparatus, ap- jiliances or eijuipment in theatres or llieatre buildings for the prevention or extinguishing of fire or for the escape of persons from such theatre or theatre building have been complied with. The City Clerk shall refuse to issue any li- cense for any performance in any sucn liuilding until a certificate in writing ot such approval shall have been given l)y said Board of Public Works: provided, liowBver, that the provisions of this or- dinance regulating the construction and maintenance of theatres shall not apply to public school buildings under the juris- diction of the Board of Education of the Cit>- of Los Angeles. Provided, however, that the provisions of said ordinance regulating the installa- lion of standpii)es, sprinkler systems, and a proscenium curtain in buildings used for theatres, shall apjtly to an\' pub- lii- school liuilding under the jurisdiction of the said Board of Education, which school liuilding or any room, hall or audi- torium therein is used or designed to be used for pulilic entertainments or the presentation of plays, operas, spectacles or similar forms of entertainments, in ihe event that the stage constructed, ►■rected or maintained in any such room, hall or auditorium be equipped witVi movable scenery, scene lofts, fiy galleries oi- any oi' all of Ihe same. Sec. 60. Theatres — Frontage and Courts. Ever\ theater oi' theatre build- ing shall have at least one frontage on a street, and in such frontage there shall be suitable means of entrance and exit for the audience. In addition to the aforesaid entrances and exits on a street. there shall be an open court or space on the side thereof not bordering on a street, where said building is located on a corner lot and on both sides of said building, where there is but one front- age thereof on a street. The width of such open court or courts shall be not less than six feet ■where the seating capacity of such theater is not more than one thousand persons; where such seating capacit.v is more than one thou- sand persons and not more than fifteen hundred persons such court shall be eight feet in width, and where such seating capacity is more than fifteen hundred persons such court shall be ten feet in width. Such open court or courts shall begin on a line with or near the pros- cenium wall of such theater, and shall extend the length of the auditorium proper to or near the wall separating the same from the entrance lobby or vesti- bule. A separate corridor shall continue to the street or alley from each such open court thiough such superstructure as ma>- be built on the street side of the auditorium, with continuous walls of brick or fireproof materials on each side of the entire length of said corridor or corridors, and the ceiling and floors of such corridor shall be fireproof. Such corridor or corridors shall not be re- duced in width to more than five feet less than the width of the open court or courts, and there shall be no projection in said corridor or corriors; provided, that in no case shall an exit from such court be less than five feet in width. If the outer end or opening of such court or corridor shall be provided with doors or gates the same shall open toward the street. During the per- formance in such theater every door or gate in any such coi'ridor shall be kept open by proper fastenings; at other times the same may be closed and fast- ened by movable bolts or locks. The said open courts or corridors shall not be used for storage purposes, or for any purpose whatsoever except for exit from and entrance to the auditorium and stage, and must be kept free and clear of obstruction during performances in such theater. In the event any opening should occur in any wall of any such corridor, such opening shall be protected by a fire door or by rolling steel shutters constructed, arranged and hung as pro- vided in Section 141 of this ordinance. Every such corridor at the front entrance to the building shall be level with the sidewalk where the same begins at the street entrance. Provided, that in any case where a public alley not less than twenty feet in width terminates at the side of the auditorium of a theater, the court ex- tending along such side of such audi- toriuin need not exceed, in any case, six feet in width and .shall have not less than two exits opening into such alley, which exits shall be of the width re- quired by this ordinance. The entrance in the main front of the building shall not be on a lower level than the sidewalk, and shall be not more than twenty-eight inches above the side- walk, and gradients shall be exclusively tised in all exits and approaches from the fii'st floor levels to the street or alley. The proscenium opening of every thea- ter shall be parallel to the principal 48 street frontage of the building in which such theater is located, and the foyer and lobby, or foyer or lobby, of such theater shali extend at substantially right angles to such proscenium opening and to such principal street frontage. For the pur- poses of this section no alley, place oj- court shall be considered, deemed or held to be a street. Sec. 61. Theater on Corner Lot. Special Requirements Under Certain Conditions. In a theater building, or a building in which a theater is located on a comer lot, that portion of the premises bordering on the street and not required for use of the theater may, if such por- tion be not more than twenty-five feet in width, be used for offices, stores or apartments, provided the walls sep- arating such portions of such building from the theater proper are carried up solidly without openings to and through the roof, and that a fireproof passage or corridor be provided for eacii gallery, equal in width to the combined width of the exits from the gallery of the theater which it is intended to accom- modate; such passage or corridor shall lead directly to the street by means of fireproof stairs, or may run on a level di- rectly through the face of that portion of the building bordering on the street to balconies and stairs leading to the ground as hereinbefore provided; or a fireproof court shall be provided as else- where described in this ordinance. There shall be no means of communication be- tween said passages, corridors, courts, or balconies and stairs, and the office store and apartiuent section of the build- ing. Sec. 62. Theatres — Foyers, Lobbies, Etc. The aggregate capacit.\- of the foyers, lobbies, corridors, passage.^ and rooms for the convenience of the audience, not in- cluding aisle space or the space between seats, in every theater or portion of a building used as a tiieater, shall on each floor and gallery thereof be sufficient to contain the entire number to be accom- modated on said floor or gallery in the ratio of one hundred and fifty superficial square feet of floor room for every one hundred persons. Gradients or inclined planes shall be employed instead of steps to overcome differences of level in or between the aisles on the main floor and in the corridors and passages lead- ing from all floors or galleries of any such theater. Sec. 63. Theaters — Interior Walls. Fireproof walls siiall separate tlie audi- torium of such theater from the entrance vestibule, and from any room or rooms over such vestibule, from any lobbies, corridors, refreshment or other rooms. All staircases for the use of the audience of such theater shall be enclosed with walls of masonry, or of fireproof luater- ials. The openings to the stircases from each gallery in said theater shall be full width of said staircases. No door shall open immediately upon a flight of stairs, but a landing at least the width of the door shall be provided between such stairs and such door. Every such stairway landing shall be capable of sustaining a load of not less than one hundred pounds per square foot with factor of safety of four, and shall be of fireproof construction. Sec. 64. Theaters — Proscenium Wall. .V fire wall, built of masonry, shall separate tlie auditorium of every thea- ter from the stage thereof, and such wall .shall extend at least four feet above the stage roof, or the auditorium roof, if the latter be the higher. Above the pros- cenium opening there siiall be an iron, steel or reinforced concrete girder. Should there be constructed an orchestra balcony above the stage and above the proscenium opening, such orchestra bal- con>- shall be placed on the auditorium .«ide of the proscenium fire wall, and shall be entered only from the auditorium side of said wall. The moulded frame around tiie proscenium openings shall be con- structed entirely of fireproof materials. If metal is used said metal shall be filled in solid to such proscenium wall with noncombustible material and securely an- chored to such wall with iron. The pro.^cenium opening shall be provided with a fireproof curtain of asbestos or other fireproof material, and shall slide at each end within iron grooves securely fastened to the brick wall, and shall ex- tend into such iron grooves to a depth of not less than six inches on each side of the opening. Said fireproof curtain shall be raised at the commencement of eacii performance and lowered at the clo.'-e tliereof, and shall be operated by machinery for that purpose, and siiall be balanced in such manner that it will ■Ide down automatically when released, in any theater constructed after the date this ordinance becomes effective said firepioof curtain shall be constructed, operated, maintained and hung in ac- cordance with the following specifica- tions: Said fireproof curtain shall have a pocket the entire width thereof, at the top and bottom of said curtain for pipe battens. The top pipe batten shall be two inches in diameter, and the bottom batten shall be one and one-half inches in diameter, said battens to be reinforc- ed at every joint with not less than a six foot section of pipe housed and riveted, the ends of said top batten to have forged eye plugs riveted thereto, reamed for guide rope and the eye plug liardened. The ends of .said bottom batten shall liave plug threaded for a thiee-quarter inch guide pipe to be eight inches long and to be reamed at the ends. The edges of said curtain to have not less than a three inch hem, thoroughly stitched, with metal guides on twelve inch centers, to be fastened to said cui-tain with not less than three rivets. Said curtain to have flexible iron guide wires in the grooves, on the side of proscenium wall of not less than number 10 gauge, said iron guide wires shall pass through all the metal guides on the edges of said cur- tain, and shall be provided with turn- buckles to keep the guide wires tight. Thei-e .shall be not less than three safety stay-chains for every twenty-flve feet of said proscenium opening and one stay- chain for every ten feet or fraction there- of over twenty-five feet of said proscen- ium opening. The counterweight rope straps for said curtain shall be reamed for wii-e rope thimbles, and said safety stay-chains shall be straight link, in or- der to prevent fouling. The top batten of said curtain shall be provided with forged iron straps, to which said safety stay- chains shall be fastened to said pros- 49 cenium wall by bolts seven-eights of an inch in diameter, pas.«ing entirely through said wall. The Links of said safety stay- chain shall not be less than one-quarter inch in diameter and shall be welded links. Said counterweight ropes shall have turnbuckles at counterweights, in order to trim said curtain. Said coun- terweights to be placed in T iron or channel iron guides on the side wall, and the said guide ropes to have turnbuckles. The sheaves for counterweights of said curtains to be not less than twelve inche.s diameter, with ball or roller bearings. Said sheaves to be placed on iron brack- ets, said brackets to be fastened by bolts passing entirely through said proscenium wall, and so placed that said ropes w^ill not drag or chafe. All said sheaves to be pioperly grooved for .«aid ropes. The working line of said cuitain shall be flexible iron tiller r(;pe, of not less than tive-eights of an inch diameter, attach- ed to top and bottom of said counter- weights and shall pass through the lly and stage floor, with suitable tightener sheaves under said stage floor to keep said working line taut. All openings in said floors shall have lignum vitae bushings installed to pre- vent chafing of said working line. Said working line to be placed as near the exits to proscenium opening as possible. Said working line to be fastened to said top batten of said curtain with forged iron straps, reamed for wire rope thim- bles. Said proscenium curtains shall be placed at least three feet distant from the foot lights at the nearest point. No doorway or opening through the pros- cenium wall, from the auditorium, shall be allowed above the level of the first floor, and such first floor openings shall have fireproof doors on each face of .said wall, and the doors shall be hung so as to open from either side at all times. Sec. 65. Theaters — Partitions. The walls separating the dressing rooms from the stage and the partitions divid- ing the dressing rooms, together with the partitions of every passageway from such dressing rooms to the stage, and all other partitions on or about the stage shall be constructed of fireproof mater- ial. All doors in any of the said parti- tions shall be fire doors. All shelving and cupboards in each and every dress- ing room, property room or other stor- age rooms shall be constiucted of metal, slate or other equally efficient fireproof material. Dressing rooms may be placed in the fly galleries, provided that proper exits are secured therefrom to the fire escapes in the open courts, and the stairs leading tc the same shall be fire- proof. The dressing rooms shall have an independent exit leading directly into a court or street, and shall be ventilated by windows in the external wall or other- wise. No dressing room shall be more than one story below street level. All windows in any theater, except those of street front, shall have metal frames and metal sasii, glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth inch thick. All windows to dressing looms shall be made to open and .shall not be obstructed with grills or bars. Sec. 66. Theaters — Stage and Other Floors. All floors throughout the entire theater building, or the portion of a building used as a theatre, shall be of Class "A" construction, except that that portion of the stage immediately back of the proscenium opening, and of equal width with such proscenium opening, iT>a>" be of wood construction. Provided, how- ever, that a finishing covering of wooden flooring boards on wood sleepers, em- bedded in concrete, may be laid in other portions of such structure, except in the fly galleries thereof. The pin rails, rigging loft and gridiron and all other fixtures about the stage of such building, or portion thereof, shall be of iron or steel or other fireproof ma- terial. Sec. 67. The foyer or entrance lobby or the foyer and entrance lobby of ever\- theater designed to seat not more than six hundred persons, on the first floor and first gallery floor thereof, shall have a uniform width of not less than six- teen feet, and the width thereof where said seating capacitx' is designed for more than six hundred persons, shall be increased in the ratio of six inches for such additional fifty persons or fractional part thereof to be seated in such theater as aforesaid. The foyer or entrance lobby, or the foyer and entrance lobby, of every thea- ter designed to seat less than six hun- dred persons on the first floor, or on the first floor and first gallery floor thereof, shall have a uniform width of not less than sixteen feet. Every wall or partition extending to the ceiling or otherwise separating the first floor from the foyer or entrance lobby or foyer and entrance lobby shall be pierced by a doorway oppo.^ite each aisle in such auditorium, which doorway shall be not less than five feel in width and not less than seven feet in height: pro- vided, however, that such doorways op- posite wall aisles shall be not less than four feet in width. The foyer or lobby, or the foyer and lobby, of every theater may be used as a common exit for the main floor and first gallery only of such theater. The foyer or entrance lobby of anj- theater building constructed upon a cor- ner lot, and having a seating capacity which requires such foyer oi- entrance lobby to be more than twenty-four (24) feet in width, may be constructed so that the main entrance lobby or foyer shall be not less than twenty-four (24) feet in width, and the additional width required under the provisions of this ordinance for any such foyer or entrance lobby over and above said twenty-four (24) feet, based upon the seating capacity of any such building, as herein provided, may be pro- vided and open into a public street on one side of sucli building. In no event, however, shall such foyer or entrance lobby fiom any such side street be less than ten (10) reet in width, in the clear, and provided further, that any such foyer or entrance lobby shall extend from the side entrance clear across the theater to the court on the opposite side of such building. Such foyer or entrance lobb>' shall be in no part of a width less than the width required for the entrance of any ."uch side street. The side entrance propei- at the street entrance or end of any such fo>-er or entrance lobby shall be distant not more than ten (10) feet from the near- est line of the sidewalk of such side 50 street. In any theater building con- structed as provided in this paragraph, one of the side exits from the auditorium to the side street, required under the pro- vision of Section 70 hereof, may be omitted. Sec. 68. Theaters — Inside Stairways. All stairs within a theater, or in that portion of a building used as a theater, shall be constructed of fireproof ma- terial throughout. Stairs from balconies and galleries shall not communicate with a basement or cellar. All stairs in each flight shall have treads of uni- form width and risers of uniform height. Stairways in such theaters designed to accommodate not more than fifty people shall be at least four feet wide, and for each fifty persons in addition to such fifty, such stairway shall be increased not less than six inches in width. In no case shall the risers of any stairs ex- ceed seven and a half inches in height; nor shall the treads, exclusive of nosings, be less than ten and a half inches wide. No circular or windin,g' stairs for the use of the public shall be permitted. All such staircases shall be of a width pro- portionate to the seating capacity as in this ordinance provided. At least two independent stairways with direct exterior outlets shall be pro- vided for the service of the stage, and shall be located on the opposite sides thereof. All inside stairways leading to an upper gallery in such theater shall be enclosed on both sides with walls of fire- proof material. Stairs leading to the first or lower gallery in such theater may be left open on one side only. When such straight stairs return directly on themselves, a landing without steps, of the full width of both flights, shall be provided. The outer line of the wall of such landing shall be curved to a radius of not less than two feet. Such stairs turning at an, angle shall have a landing without winders introduced at the turn. Where two or more flights of stairs con- nect with one main flight, no winders shall be introduced, and the width of the main flights shall be at least equal to the aggregate width of the side flights. All such stairs shall have landings intro- duced at convenient distances. All inclos- ed such stairways shall have a hand rail on each side thereof firmly secured to the walls, not more than two inches dis- tant therefrom and not more than three feet above such stairs or landing. Such hand rails shall not be required on level platforms or landings which are of greater length than the width of the connecting stairs. All such stall' cases eight feet or more in width shall be provided with a center hand rail of metal not less than two inches in diameter placed at a height of not more than three feet above the treads and supported on wrought metal or brass standards, placed not nearer than four feet, nor more than six feet apart, and securely fastened to the stairs. The post or standard to which said hand rail shall be secured at the head of each such flight of stairs shall be not less than six feet in height. Sec. 69. Theaters — Aisles and Seats. All aisles on the respective floors of the theater having seats on both sides of the same .shall be not less than three feet six inches wide where they begin and shall be increased in width toward the exits in the ratio of one and one-half inches to five running feet. Aisles hav- ing seats on one side only shall be not less than three feet wide at their begin- ning, and shall be increased in width in the same ratio as other aisles. All seats in the theater shall be firmly secured to the floor, excepting those con- tained in boxes or rest rooms and shall be not less than thirty-two inches from back to back measured in a horizontal direction. No seat shall have more than six seats intervening between it and any aisle. It shall be unlawful for any per- son, firm or corporation to place or maintain, or to cause or permit to be placed or maintained, any stool or seat in any aisle of any theater, or to permit any stool or seat to be or remain in any such aisle. Sec. 70. Theater Exits. In every thea- ter there shall be not less than two exits from each side of the main floor and each side of every gallery into the open courts of such theater or into a street or alley. Each of such exits shall be not less than five feet in width and shall open from an aisle or aisles and be on the level of the thereto connect- ing end of such aisle or aisles. The doors of such exits shall be made of wood and hung in wood frames.' The exterior of such doors and the exterior of such frames shall be covered with lock-seam tin or pressed iron, and shall be held shut by a device which readily yields to the direct pressure of one per- son. All such doors shall be hung to open outwardly, and shall be hung and arranged in such manner as to cause the least obstruction in or to any court, pas- sageway, corridor, stairway or balcony. The exterior balconies or stairs, and balcony or stairs, leading from a gal- lery in every theater shall be constructed of iron or steel of sufficient strength to sustain a load of eighty pounds per square foot of floor area, with a factor of safety of four. Kvery such balcony and stairs or balcony or stairs con- structed directly above any other such balcony or stairs or balcony and stairs shall have solid iron or steel steps and floor. Every such balcony and stairs or balcony or stairs shall be constructed wholly within private property lines and shall not extend in whole or in part over or upon street or sidewalk lines. Sec. 71. Theaters — Gallery Fronts and Wainscoting. In no theater shall there be more than two galleries for the use of the public; all parts of every gallery or box in every theater, except the balus- trade capping, shall be formed of fire- proof material ; provided, however, that wainscoting of wood may be used to a height not to exceed six feet, provided such wainscoting is backed solidly by fireproof walls or partitions. Sec. 72. Theaters — Stairways and Exits from Balconies and Galleries. P^Ivery bal- cony or gallery in a theater shall have at least two exits and stairways con- necting therewith. One of such exits and stairways shall be located on each side of such balcony or gallery; each of such exits shall be not less than five feet in width, where such balcony or gallery has a seating capacity of less than seven hundred and fifty persons. Where such balcony has a seating capacity of more than seven hundred and fifty persons, an 51 additional exit and stairway separate and apart from every other exit and stairway and leading directly to the street shall be piovided. Every stairway from the topmost gal- lery of eveiy theater shall be constructed without winders and shall lead directly to the street, and shall be fireproof and enclosed by fireproof walls and ceilings; said walls shall have no openings there- in other than window openings, contain- ing metal frames with metal sash glazed with wire glass not less than one-tourth inch thick. Every such stairway shall be not less than four feet in width and such width shall be increased six inches for each and every one hundred persons, or fraction of one hundred persons, which such stairway is designed to accommo- date. Sec. 73. Theaters — Ventilation of Stage. There shall be provided over the stage of every theater and directly to and through the ceiling thereof, and to, through and at least ten feet above the roof of the building in which said theater is located, two metal flues, each of which shall be at least thirty-six inches in di- ameter, and shall be securely stayed. The tops of such flues inay be closed with an ov'er-balanced metal disc, hinged at one side thereof, and held closed, or nearly so, by a metal catch. Said catch shall be liberated by a wire or metal cord in each fly gallery marked: "To ventilate stage and clear of smoke, pull this cord"; also by a closed electric circuit, oper- ated fi'om the fly galleries and from the box office, by a lever marked, "To ven- tilate stage and clear of smoke, push this lever to the right." Sec. 74. Theaters — Lights Over Ex'ts. Over every exit from a theater and not more than one foot above such exit and on the inside thereof, there shall be placed and maintained a metal box, the front of which ^hall be of colored glass upon which shall be inscribed or out- lined in visible letters not less than five inches in height the word "EXIT." There shall be placed and maintained within each such metal box a lamp in which only mineral, sperm or other non- explosive oil is burned, or not less than two incandescent electric lamps of not less than eight candlepower each. If such incandescent lamps are used each of such lamps in such box shall be con- nected to a circuit independent of the other such lamp and one of such circuits shall be supplied from a source of energy other than that from which the remain- der of the lights in such theater are sup- plied. All such lamps shall be lighted previous to a performance and before the opening of the doors to such theater, and shall be kept continuously lighted imtil the audience shall have departed from the prem'ses. Sec. 75. Theaters — Workshop, Stor- age Room, Property Rooms, Etc. No workshop, storage or general property loom shall be allowed on the auditorium side of the proscenium wall, nor above nor under the stage, nor in any of the fly galleries of any theater. All such rooms or .shops may be located in the rear or at the side of the stage, but in such cases they shall be separated from the stage hv a brick wall, and the open- ings leading into such portions shall have fireproof doors on each side of the opening constructed and arranged as specified in this ordinance. No portion of any building hereafter erected or al- tered, used or intended to be used for theatrical purposes shall be occupied or used as a hotel, boarding or lodging house, factory, workshop or manufac- tory, or for storage purposes, except as specially provided for. Said restriction relates not only to that portion of the building which contains the audi- torium and the stage, but applies also to the entire building in conjunction therewith. No store nor room contained in the building, nor the offices, stores or apartments adjoining, as aforesaid, shall be let or used for carrying on any busi- ness dealing in articles designated as especially hazardous in the classification of the Board of Five Underwriters of the Pacific nor for manufacturing purposes. No lodging accommodations shall be al- lowed in any part of the hui'ding com- municating with the auditorium. Sec. 76. Theaters — Boilers and Heat- ing Apparatus. No steam boiler or heat- er shall be located under the auditorium, stage, property room or main entrance of any theater, and there shall be no communication between such parts of the theater and the boiler room except through the open air. The space al- lotted to such boiler or heater shall be enclosed by walls of masonry on all sides, and the floor and ceiling of such enclosure shall be constructed of fire- proof material. Every doorway in the walls of such enclosure shall be provided with fireproof doors. No floor register, for heating, shall be placed in the aisle of any such theater; nor shall any coil or radiator be placed in any aisle or passageway thereof used as an exit therefrom, but shall be placed in a recess built in the wall or partition thereof to receive the same. Every supply, return or exhaust pipe shall be properly en- cased and protected where passing through the floors or woodwork. Sec. 77. Theaters — Fire Protection. In addition to the provisions of this or- dinance elsewhere contained, every thea- ter shall be provided with the apparatus, appliances and equipment in this section provided, to wit: Standpipes two inches in diameter shall be provided on every floor and gallery as follows, viz.: One on each side of the auditorium in each gallery; one on each side of the stage in each gallery; at least one in the property room and one in the carpenter shop, if the same be contiguous to the building. All such standpipes shall be kept clear from ob- struction. Said standpipes shall receive their supply of water direct froin the city main and may receive such supply from the sprinkler system herein described. To said standpipes shall be attached, ready for immediate use, not less than twenty-five feet of standard unlined linen one and one-half inch fire hose W^ith suitable nozzle attached. Each length of such flre hose shall bear the label of the Chicago Ijabo''atories, Inc., and shall be hung on a suitable rack. Standpipes shall be kept filled with water at all times and i-eady for immediate use. A separate and distinct svst'^m of pines and automatic sprinklers sunplied w'th w^ter f'-om a separate and direct connection with a city main shall be in- 52 stalled, the size of which connection and pipe shall be regulated by the number of sprinklers installed in accordance with the following table, to wit: Maximum No. of Size of Pipe. Sprinklers Allowed. % inch 1 sprinkler 1 inch 2 sprinklers 114 inch 4 sprinklers 1% inch 8 sprinklers 2 inch -- 16 sprinklers 21/^ inch 28 sprinklers 3 inch 48 sprinklers 3% inch 78 sprinklers 4 inch 110 sprinklers 5 inch 150 sprinklers 8 inch - 500 sprinklers Said sprinklers shall be installed throughout the entire stage section back of proscenium openings as follows: Un- der the roof above the stage, under the floor of the stage, under all fly galleries, in all dressing rooms, property rooms, carpenter shops, paint rooms, store rooms, passageways, and in all places back of the proscenivmi wall. The number of sprinklers to be used will be determined by the amount of area to be sprinkled, provided that for each area of sixty-four (64) square feet or fraction thereof of area herein re- quired to be protected by such sprinklers there shall be provided and set in place one such sprinkler. A gate valve of the same area as the connection at street water main shall be placed in the main supply pipe. All piping against a wall-.ioist, girder, beam or rafter shall be supported in a substantial manner by wrought or cast iron hangers, and at some convenient point in the highest part of the sprink- ler system shall be placed a one-fourth inch pet cock. All sprinkleis shall be hung in a perpendicular position unless their location renders it impracticable so to do. All lights in the halls, corridors, lobbies or anj- other part of such build- ing used by the audience, except the auditorium, shall be controlled by a sep- arate shutoff located in the lobby and controlled only from ihat particular place. Gas inains supplying the build- ing shall have independent connections for the work shops, fly galleries and stage, and provision shall be inade for shutting off gas outside of the building. All lights in passages and corridors in such building shall be protected with wire netwoi-k. Sec. 78. Theaters — Fire Department Supervision. It shall be the dut\- of the owner, agent or lessee of evei>- theater to employ one or more competent, ex- perienced firemen, approved by the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. Said fireman shall report at least once a week to the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department at his office and be sub- ject to his orders at all times. Said Chief Engineer of the Fire Department shall keep a record of the names of all such firemen and the date upon which each reports. Such fireman or firemen shall be on duty in uniform at such thea- ter during the whole time it is open to the public; and shall, before every per- formance, examine all fire apparatus re- quired by this ordinance, and see that the same is in proper place and is in good working oi'der. Such fireman or firemen shall keep diligent watch during every performance for fires and take prompt measures for extingTiishing any fires that may occur, and shall not be required, or permitted, while on duty as such fireman or firemen, to act as scene shifter, or stage hand, or to • do any other work or perform any duties or ser- vice other than as herein specified. Sec. 79. The Mayor and members of the City Council, the members of the Board of Public Works, the Inspectors of Buildings, the Commissioners and Chiefs of the Fire Department and of the Police Department shall have a right to enter at any time any building visea for theatrical or operatic purposes or for public entertainments of any kind. Sec. 80. Theaters Now in Use — Regu- lations. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use, or to permit to be used as a theater, as the same is defined in this ordinance, any building or any portion of any building, in use as a theater at the time of the adoption of this ordinance, unless such building shall first be made to conform to the requirements of this section. Proscenium Curtains. The proscenium opening shall be provided with a fire- proof curtain of asbestos or other fire- proof material, which shall slide at each end within iron grooves securely fastened to the wall and shall extend in- to such iron grooves to a depth of not less than six inches on each side of the opening. Such fireproof curtain shall be raised at the commencement of each per- forinance and lowered at the close there- of, and shall be operated by machinery for that purpose, and shall be hung from the proscenium wall by means of iron or steel rods, chains or brackets securely fastened to such wall; and shall be bal- anced in such manner that the same will slide down automatically when released. Fire Protection. Standpipes two inches in diameter shall be • provided with hose attachments, as follows: One on each side of the stage in each tier; one in the property room, and one in the car- penter shop, if the same is in the build- ing, or contiguous thereto. Every .such standpipe shall be kept free and clear from any obstruction. To such stand- pipes shall be attached, ready for im- inediate use, not less than twenty-five feet of the best quality of linen hose with nozzle attached. Such hose shall be hung on a suitable rack. Stand- pipes shall be kept filled Avith water at all times and ready for iinmediate use. A separate and distinct system of pipes and automatic sprinklers, in ac- cordance with the specifications herein- after set forth, shall be installed through- out the entire stage section of the build- ing located in the rear of the proscenium wall, including under the gridiron, under the galleries, under the stage, in all paint rooms, store rooms and property rooms. Such system of standpipes, pipes and automatic sprinklers shall be supplied with water from a separate and direct connection with a city main water pipe, the size of which said connection shall be regulated by the number of such sprink- lers installed and such connection shall be used exclusively for the supplj' of wa- ter to such standpipes, and system of pipes and automatic sprinklers. The size of pipes of such automatic 53 sprinkler system, and the number of sprinklers allowed upon a given size ot" pipe shall be in accoidance with the fol- lowing specification.'^: ^Maximum Number of Sprinklers Size of Pipe. Allowed. ?4 inch 1 sprinkler 1 inch 2 sprinklers 11/4 inch 4 sprinklers lYs inch S sprinklers 2 inch 1() sprinkleis 'ZVa inch 28 sprinklers 3 inch 48 sprinklers S\^ inch 78 sprinklers 4 inch 110 sprinklers .5 inch 150 sprinkler.s H inch 500 sprinklers There shall be kept in readiness for immediate use on the stage at least four barrels filled with "water and two buck- ets to each bairel, which barrels and buckets shall be painted red on the out- side. Each such barrel shall have a ca- pacity of at least thiity-six gallons. There shall also be provided liquid chem- ical fire extinguishers charged and read>' for use, at least four axes, two twenty- five foot hooks, two fifteen foot hooks and two ten foot hooks on the stage. Every portion of the building devoted to the use of the public and evei'y outlet leading to a street or alley, including open courts and cori'idois, shall be well lighted by electricity during every per- formance, and shall remain so lighted until the audience shall have left the premises. All lights in the halls, corri- dors, lobbies or an>' other part of such building used by the audience, except the auditorium, .shall be controlled by a sep- arate shut-off located in the lobby and controlled only from that particular place. Gas mains supplying the build- ing shall have independent connections for the work shops, fly galleries and stage, and provision shall be made for shutting off gas outside of the building. All lights in passages and corridors in such building shall be protected with wire net work. Lights Over Exits. Over every exit from a theater and not moie than one foot above such exit and on the inside thereof there shall be placed and main- tained a metal box, the front of which shall be colored glass upon which shall be inscribed or outlined in visible letters not less than three inches in height the word "Exit." There shall be placed and maintained within each such metal box a la7iip in which only mineial, sperm or othei- non-explosive oil is burned, or not less than two incandescent electric lamps of not less than eight candlepower each. If such incandescent lamps are i;sed each of such lamps in such box shall be con- nected to a circuit independent of th'- other such lamp, and one of such cir- cuits shall be supplied from a source of energy other than that from which the remainder of the lights in such theatei- are supplied. All such lamps shall be lighted pi-evious to a performance and before the opening of the doors to such theater, and shall be kept contiuously lighted until the audience shall have de- parted from the premises. Exits. The doors of such exits shall be made of wood and hung in wood frames. The exterior of such doors and the exterior of such frames shall be covered with lockseam tin or pressed iron and .-ihall be held shut by a device which readily yields to the direct pressure of one person. All such doors shall be hung to open outwardl>. and when open shall not obstiiut any court, passageway, cor- ridor, stairway or balcony. Ventilation of Stage. There shall be IJlaced over the stage through or directh- under the ceiling thereof ventilating openings of an area equal to at least one-twentieth the area of said stage floor, or in lieu of this there shall be provided two metal flues at least 36 inches in diametei-, and extending ten feet above the roof and securely stayed or braced. The tops of these flues ma.\' remain open, or if such flues are closed, such closing shall be, done with an over- balanced metal disc hinged to one side thereof, and held closed by a metal catch: said catch shall be liberated by a wire or metal coid in each fly gallery marked, "To ventilate stage and clear of smoke, pull this cord." Also by a closed elec- tric circuit, operated from the fly gal- leries and from the box office by a lever marked, "To ventilate stage and clear of smoke, push this lever to the light." (NOTE— SEE SPECIAL ORDINANCE ON MOVING PICTURE THEATERS.) Sec. 81. Fireplaces. All fireplaces and chimne>- breasts in which mantels are placed in any building shall have trim- mer arches to support the hearth. Such arches shall be of brick, stone or con- crete, and shall be at least twenty inches wide measured from the face of the chimney breast, and their length shall be not less than the width of the chim- ney breast. Wood centers shall be re- moved from trimmer arches of such fire- places and chimney breasts after the same are constructed. No timber shall be placed under any trimmer arch, fire- place or hearth. Such hearths shall be of brick, tile, stone or concrete. Fire- places shall have arched heads with an iron arch bar over the top of the open- ing, not less than one-fourth by two and one-half inches, turned up at the ends two inches on each side of the chimney breast, making a perfect bond for the arch. All fireplace openings furred with wood on the face shall be surrounded by a brick rim eight inches wide projecting four inches fiom the breast of the chim- ney and bonded into the bi'ickwork. The firebacks and jambs of all fireplaces shall be of solid masonry not less than eight inches thick. Every grate shall be set in a fireplace with a lining of fire brick at least two inches thick added to the Hieback and filled solidly behind with fireproof material. I'rovided, however, that where soapstone, tile or cast iron is used for setting such grate, such solid filling shall not be required. No mantel or other woodwork sliall be exposed back of a Sumner piece in such fireplace or chimney breast, but the iron woik of each Simmer piece shall be plac- ed against the brick or stonework of the flieplace. No flieplace shall be closed with a wooden fireboard. Sec. 82. Gas Water Heaters. Every gas heater hereafter installed which is used or intended to be used for heating water shall be connected up to its gas supply with iron pipe of such size as elsewhere presciibed in this ordinance, and shall be connected to a vent pipe 54 leading- to and through the roof Of the building- in -which such heater is in- stalled. When it is impracticable, on account of structural features in a building, to run such vent pipe to and through the roof of the building, then such vent pipe shall run to the exterior wall and run up at least four feet on the outside of such •wall. Every such vent pipe shall have an in- ternal area equal to the internal area of the vent pipe cutlet on such heatei'. For each additional vent pipe connected to the main vent pipe, the area of the main vent pipe shall be increased fifty (.50) per cent of the area of the additional vent pipe or pipes connected thereto. Every such vent pipe shall be con- structed either of (a) Brick, in accordance -with the pro- visions of this Ordinance for smoke flues; or (b) Terra ootta or concrete, with joints securely cemented together, with ends which fit one into the other or fast- ened together by means of a galvanized iron sleeve fitted to .such vent at each joint; or (c) Galvanized iron, enclosed with a .galvanized iron sleeve extending the full length of the concealed portion of such vent pipe, and so constructed with metal spacers that there shall be a clear air space of not less than one-quarter (M) inch all around and between such vent pipe and sleeve, and the exterior sur- face of every such sleeve shall be covered with three (3) thicknesses of asbestos paper; or (d) Iron screw pipe, enclosed with a galvanized iron sleeve, or with an iron screw pipe, extending the full length of the concealed portion of such vent pipe, and so constructed with metal spacers that there shall be a clear air space of not less than one-quarter (i/i) inch all around and between the two pipes, and the exterior surface of every such outer pipe or sleeve shall be covered with three (3) thicknesses of asbestos paper. Any such portion of such vent pipe which is not readily visible, and any por- tion of such vent pipe erected in the at- tic space, and any portion of such vent pipe which comes within three (3) inches of any wood or wood lath and plaster, shall, for the purpose of this Ordinance, be deemed to be concealed. Provided, however, every vent pipe or portion thereof which is installed in anj' part of any building other than the space below the first floor, or in the attic space, and which is not concealed and which does not come within three (3) inches of any wood or wood lath and plaster, may be of copner, brass or iron, the joints of which shall be securely con- nected together. No gas heater shall be vented to any pipe, chimney or flue to which there is connected any appliance which burns fuel other than gas. No gas heater used or intended to be used for heating water shall be installed or placed within six (6) inches of any wood or wood lath and plaster, unless such wood or wood lath and plaster is protected by means of tile, brick, con- crete, sheet iron, or steel, or other simi- lar incombustible materials. In no event shall such heater be installed within three (3) inches of any wall or partition. No gas heater used, or intended to be used, for heating water shall be installed in any closet, offset or small alcove, i5n- less such closet, offset or alcove is of fireproof or fire-resisting construction. Where fireproof construction is used it shall be either brick, tile, concrete or other hard fireproof material of a char- acter satisfactory to the Board of Public Works. Where fire-resisting construction is used, the inside of the closet, offset or alcove, including the inside surface of the door, if there' be such a door, and the floor and the ceiling thereof which is within twelve (12) inches of any part of the gas water heater, shall be either protected with metal lath and plaster or with three (3) thicknesses of asbestos paper covered with galvanized iron, or protected with similar fire-resisting ma- terials of a character satisfactory to the Board of Public Works. In every bath room or closet where any such heater is installed there shall be provided an air inlet and an air outlet independent of door or windows. The air inlet shall be located in or near the floor and the air outlet through the ceil- ing or in the wall contiguous thereto. The minimum area of such air Inlets and outlets shall be thirty-six (36) square inches. Sec. 83. Gas Grates — Lo-js. Every gas grate, gas log or other gas heating appliance which is recessed in or attachea to the wall or partition of any room shall be installed in a "Fire Place," con- structed in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, or such gas grate or gas log shall be surrounded on all sides and over the top by brick work at least eight (8) inches thick. Every gas grate or gas log installed in any such fire place or when surrounded by eight (8) inches of brick work as aforesaid shall be so installed that fumes are con- ducted by a vent to the outer air. Every such vent shall be constructed either of (a) Brick, in accordance with the pro- visions of this ordinance for smoke flues; or (b) Terra cotta or concrete with joints securely cemented together, with ends which fit one into the other, or fastened together by means of a galvanized iron sleeve fltted to such vent at each joint; or (c) Galvanized iron, with joints lapped, riveted and soldered, which shall be en- closed in a similar pipe so constructed with metal spacers that there shall be a clear air space of not less than one- quarter (i/i) inch all around and between the two (2) pipes, and the outer pipe shall be covered with three (3) thick- nesses of asbestos paper. Every such vent shall be not less than three (3) inches by twelve (12) inches in internal dimensions. Every such vent shall be carr'ed up to and through the roof of the building. Provided, that any gas appliance other than a gas grate or gas log, recessed in or attached to the wall, partition or floor of any building, where such gas appli- ance is intended to be used for the heat- ing of the building, may be installed other than as aforesaid, when such gas heating appliance is of a type construct- 55 HOYT AUTOMATIC HEATERS JUST AS DURABLE AND MORE SIMPLE THAN ANY OTHER MAKE Bd wy. 5695 HOYT HEATER COMPANY 1104 Wilson St., Los Angeles Home A 9142 BEFORE selecting your Water Heater DON'T FAIL to inspect the Fisher System NEW ADMIRAL Automatic Water Heater Keeps water like a thermo bottle a maxi- mum amount at a minimum cost; always hot water full pressure flow. Heavily insulated reduces gas bills. Once lighted works automatically. No working parts standard in all meas- urements and connections. Fisher Manufacturing Company (Incorporated) Office: 416 Bumiller Building Factory: 120 West Ann Street LOS ANGELES, CAL. Office, Main 665 7 Phones Factory, E. 108 The Original Heater with the Original Features Gold Medal N. Y. Expo, of Safety and Sanitation Large Exhibit, Ground Floor 817 S. Hill St. F1905 FRANKLIN & BOYCE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AGENTS Main 1811 56 Superbo Automatic Water Heater SUPERBO AUTOMATIC WATER HEATERS are con- structed as a huge Thermos Bottle, always filled with steaming Hot Water, ready for instant use at all times. Are Automatic and Thermostatic in control and are adjustable, supplying water of any heat desired. For neatness of design and external finish and appear- ance it has no equal. Each Heater is fully guaranteed for one year. Manufactured by the BROMBACHER IRON WORKS 1666-74 Long Beach Ave. Los Angeles, Cal. Phones: Sunset South 943, Home 22714 Pat. No 1146919 July 20, 19].") ed with a coniljuslioii chamber of iron, steel or asbestos board not less than one- eighth (1-8) inch thick or a combination of these materials and enclosed with an outer jacket of similar materials, leaving an air space of at least one (1) inch all around the sides, top and bottom be- tween the combusion chamber and the outer jacket and so installed in the wall, partition or floor that no wood work will be nearer than one (1) inch to any part of such gas heating appliance; except the iron flange on the front if installed in the wall or partition or the iron flange on the top thereof, if installed in the floor, and that the wood work under or around such iron flange he protected with asbes- tos board not less than one-eighth of an inch in thickntss, said asbestos board to be placed between such wood work and the iron flange, and provided further that all of the wood work that comes within twelve (12) inches of any part of the gas burners in any such gas heating appli- ance, shal! be protected with one-quarter (i/i) inch asbestos or such one-quarter (1,4) inch asbestos may be securely placed or fastened to the outer jacket of the ap- pliance, except that the one-quarter (%) inch asbestos may be omitted on any type of gas heating appliance which Is constructed with a cast iron combustion chamber having not less than two air spaces between the combustion c^iamber and the outer jacket and having the out- er jacket covered with asbestos paper of a weight of -lot less than twenty (20) pounds to the one hundred (100) scjuare feet. Every such gas appliance whicii is pro- vided with a vent outlet from the com- bustion chamber, shall be careruny con- nected with a vent pipe which shall ex- tend to the outlet air. Every such vent pipe, or flue, shall have an internal area equal to the inter- nal area of the vent pipe outlet on such gas appliance. For each additional vent pipe connected to the main vent pipe, the area of the main vent pipe shall be increased fifty (.50) per cent of the area of the additional vent pipe or pipes con- nected thereto. In all other respects such vents shall be constructed as in this oidinance provided for gas water heaters. Sec. 84. Gas Meters. Every gas me- ter hereafter installed in any building, except as hereinafter provided, shall be a "C^ast iron meter" and all connection to such gas meter shall be "solid, iron pipe connections;" provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any tin meter ternporarily installed during the time required to ad- just or repair any such tin meter re- moved for the said purpose of adjustment or repair. No gas meter shall be located under any stairway of any building. The provisions of this Section shall not ajiply to dwellings located outside of Fire Districts No. 1 and No. 2. Sec. 85. Heating Furnaces. The top of every heating furnace set in brick shall be covered with sheet iron and brick so constructed as to be perfectly tight and shall be supported by iron bars with at least two inches of sand on top of the brick. The top of every portable heating fur- nace and every smoke pipe shall be not less than two feet from the under side of the nearest joists or girders, where such joists or girders are of wood, ex- cepting where said joists or girders are protected by metal furring strii)s one and one-half inches deep and metal plates or plaster on metal lath; but in no case shall the top of the furnace or smoke l)ipe Ije nearer than fifteen inches to the under side of the nearest wood jois'^s or girders. Such protection above sucii fur- nace or smoke pipe shall extend not less than one foot on each side of such smoke pipe and two feet on all sides of such furnace. Every furnace used for heat- ing purposes shall be set on a masonry floor, and no woodwork or wood lath and plaster shall be within two feet of such furnace, unless said woodwoilc or wood lath and plaster is protected by metal furring one and one-half inches deei) and metal plates or plaster on metal lath, and in no case shall such woodwork be nearer than fifteen inches to either smoke pipe or furnace. Where petroleum or any product of petroleum is used as fuel for a furnace, the said furnace shall be sunlc in a con- 57 Crete or masonry pit, with a concrete floor sunk not less than six inches below the surrounding floor level, such pit to be at least two feet wider on all sides: than the furnace. No sniokepipe from a furnace shall en- ter the same flue to which the exhaust from an uiuomatic gas heater or f^as water healer is connected. GAS FURNACES. Sec. 85!/'2. Gas Furnaces. No sas fur- nace used, or intended to be used, for heating air, shall be set upon a wood floor unless such wood floor be protected with a layer of galvanized sheet iron with three (3) thicknesses of asliestos paper between such wood floor and tlie galvanized sheet iron, or unless sucli wood floor be protcted with brick, terra cotta tile or concrete. Every such furnace shall be provided and connected with a vent pipe. Every such vent pipe shall be not less in inter- nal area than the size of the internal area of the fume outlet from the gas fur- nace, and shall extend from the furnace to the exterior of the building in which such furnace is located. The outer end of every such vent pipe shall be provided with a hood connection. No metal vent pipe shall be nearer than six (6) inches to any wood or wood lath and plaster, unless such wood or wood lath be pro- tected with metal lath and plaster or with three (3) thicknesses of asbestos IJaper covered with a layer of galvanized sheet metal or with some other similar fire-resisting material satisfactory to the Board of Public Works, or unless such vent pipe be constructed of galvanized iron enclosed with a pipe of similar ma- terials so constructed with metal spacers as to leave at least one-quarter (^i) inch air space between the two (2) pipes, and that the outer pipe be covered with three (3> thicknesses of asbestos paper. Every such vent pipe from a gas fur- nace shall be constructed either of (a) Brick, in accordance with the pro- visions of this ordinance for smoke flues; or (b) Terra cotta or concrete, with joints securely cemented together, with ends which fit one into the other or fast- ened together by means of a galvanized iron sleeve fitted to such vent at each joint; or (c) Galvanized iron, enclosed v\ith a galvanized iron sleeve extending the full length of the concealed portion of such vent pipe and so constructed with metal spacers that there shall be a clear air space of not less than one-quarter ( 'i ) inch all around and between the two (2) pipes, and tlie exterior surface of the outer pipe shall be covered with three (3) thicknesses of asbestos paper; or (d) Iron screw pipe, enclosed with a galvanized iron sleeve, or with an iron screw pipe, extending the full length of the concealed portion of such vent pipe. and so constructed with metal spacers that there shall be a clear air space ot not less than one-quarter (i/4) inch all .iround and between the two pipes, and the exterior surface of every such outer pipe, or sleeve, shall be covered with three (3) thicknesses of asbestos paper. Any portion of such vent pipe which is not readily visible, and any portion of such vent pipe erected in the attic space, shall, for the purjjose of this Ordinance, tie deemed to be concealed. In every basement oi- lellar in which any such gas furnace is located, there snail oe piovided an air inlet inde- pendent of doors or windows; such air inlet shall be not less than 60 square indies in area. No gas burning fui'nace shall be vented into any flue or pipe to which any cooking or other heating ap- pliance is connected, where such cooking or other heating ajipliance burns fuel other than gas. Sec. 86. Notice as to Furnaces. Be- fore installing an.\' furnace in any build- ing, the owner of suth tiuilding or the lierson proposing to install the furnace shall first give notice in writing of his intention so to do to tlie Board of Public Works. Sec. 87. Furnace, Pipes, Boxes and Fittings. All concealed wall pipes, reg- ister boxes and fillings shall be thor- oughly covered witli two thicknesses of asbestos paper weighing not less than eight pounds to one hundred square feet, 'cemented to same, and after being placed, all joints shall be covered in t-he same manner. All concealed wall pii>es and all first floor side wall boxes shall be provided with suitable boots extending to the un- der side of the floor joists and all joints between the same shall Vie tightly fitted together and covered as above provided; provided, however, if such concealed wall pipes, register boxes and fittings ai-e con- structed of two thicknesses of metal and separated on all sides by a clear air space of not less than one-quarter of an inch between the inner and outer metal sheets, the asbestos coverings herein provided for may, except at joints, be omitted. The boots at the bottom of all risers and side wall register lioxes shall he at- tached at the time said risers and boxes are placed in the building. All wall pipes from such heater shall have full capacity at all i oints and shall have no right angle fiends. Advantage may be taken of all available space, in- cluding la til, plaster and baseboards, for inlets or throts of side wall register lioxes on first floor. Sec. 88. Drying Rooms. The floor of every drying room in a laundry shall be not less than two inches thick and con- structed of masonry or tile and the walls and ceiling thereof shall lie constructed of like materials and shall be not less than eight inches thick, nr said walls may be constructed of wood studs and joists spaced twelve inches on center, lathed with metal lath and plastered with not less than three-fourths of an inch of fireproof plaster. All steam or hot air i>ipes, stoves, or other heating apparatus or appliances in such drying room shall be covered with wire netting of two meshes to the inch of not less than No. IS gauge wire. Such netting shall be not less than si.x inches from any such steam pipe or hot air pipe, stove or other healing apparatus or aj)- pliance. Sec. 89. Boiler Rooms Inside a Building. All walls surrounding a roon inside a building in which room a steam boiler is installed or is intended to be installed, shall be of masonry or terra cotta for the full height of the basement or story of the building 'n w'^ich the boiler is located. Such wall if construct- 58 ed of brick shall be not less than eight inches thick, and it constructed of terra cotta or concrete they shall be not less than six inches thick and all exposed woodwork in such room shall be covered with metal lath and plastered or with sheet metal placed not less than one- half inch from such woodwork. Every opening into any such boiler room from the interior of the building in which sucli boiler room is located shall have a standard fire door or a standard fire shutter constructed as specified in Section 141 of this ordinance, so ar- ranged as to close automatically; and where oil is burned, every doorway shall have a masonry or terra cotta sill rising not less than eight inches from the floor. No wood shall be used in the construc- tion of the floor of any boiler room. In buildings of Classes "B," "C" and "D" there shall be a clear space above every boiler installed in any such boiler room of not less than five (5) feet,, and above the breeching of not less than two (2) feet, provided, however, that where any such boiler is of such capacity and constructed in such a manner as to not develop or sustain more than ten (10) pounds of pressure per square inch, such clear space above such boiler shall be not less than four (4) feet, and the clear space above the breeching shall be not less than two (2) feet, and provided further, that a sheet of No. IS iron shall be suspended not less than two inches from the ceiling, over, and one foot in each direction beyond said breeching. Adjacent to the door of every boiler room there shall be provided a standpipe not less than one and one-half inches in diameter, with at least twenty-five feet of standard fire hose not less than one and one-half inches in diameter at- tached thereto. No boiler room shall be located or con- structed directly under the stairway of any building. Provided, however, that nothing in this section contained shall be deemed or construed to applj' to dwell- ings, as dwellings are defined by this or- dinance. Provided, further, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any room in which a steam boiler or water heater is installed, which boiler or water heater is operated by means of gas and does not consume more than 360 cubic feet of gas per hour when operated at its full capacity. Every such steam boiler or water heater operated by means of gas, shall be installed and connected with a vent in accordance with the pro- visions of this ordinance regulating the venting of gas water heaters. Any such steam boiler or water heater operated by means of gas shall not l)e installed near- er than two feet to an>' wood or wood lath and plaster construction, and no vent pipe used in connection with any such boiler or water heater shall be con- cealed in any wall or partition vmless such wall or partition is constructed of fireproof material. Every room in which a steam boiler or water heater operated by gas is installed shall be provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. Every such air inlet or outlet shall be not less than 144 square inches in area. EVery such air outlet shall be located at or near the ceiling of such room and shall extend through the ex- terior wall of the building adjacent to such room. In the event that any such room is removed from the exterior wall of the building, such room shall be pro- vided with an outlet flue of galvanized iron connecting such room direct with the outer air at the exterior of the building. Every air intake opening shall be located at or near the floor line of such room and shall be as far removed from the air outlet opening as practica- ble. Sec. 90. Boiler Rooms Outside of Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. Where a building- or structure located outside Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 is used for a boiler room only, such build- ing or structure may be constructed of corrugated iron on wood frame. Such building or structure shall be not less than twenty (20) feet from any other building or structure. Sec. 91. Woodworking Establishments, Boiler Rooms and Fuel Rooms Therein. Boiler rooms located in a woodworking establishment shall be constructed as herein provided for the construction of boiler rooms. The fuel room used in conjunction with such boiler room, if constructed in or less than twenty feet from such wood- working establishment shall be con- structed of masonry. The ceiling there- of shall be constructed of fireproof ma- terial, or of metal lath and plaster. Every door in a fuel room cr boiler room shall be constructed as herein provided for standard fire doors, and everj' win- dow in such fuel room or boiler room shall be protected by metal frames and sash, glazed with wire glass. All conveyors into such fuel or boiler room shall be of metal. All floors of boiler rooms or fuel rooms shall be of masonry, tile or the natural ground. Floors of woodworking establishments, if of wood, shall be not less than two inches in thickness. Sec. 92. Chimneys, Flues and Smoke- stacks. All smoke chimneys and flues, hereafter constructed, shall be of mason- ry (except as elsewhere in this ordi- nance provided). The walls of such chimneys and flues in dwellings and flats (except such chimneys and flues to which there is connected any oil burning fur- nace, oil burning heater or oil burning steam boiler), shall be not less than four (4) inches thick. The thickness of the walls of such chimneys and flues in dwellings and flats to which there is con- nected any oil burning furnace, oil burn- ing heater or any oil burning steam boiler, shall be not less than eight (S) inches thick, or such walls may be not less than four (4) inches thick, provided that they be lined on the inside with well burnt fire clay or terra cotta lining, not less than three-quarters (%) inch thick. In all other buildings the walls of the smoke chimneys and flues shall be not less than eight (8) inches thick, or such walls may be not less than four (4) inches thick, provided they be lined on the inside with well burnt fire clay or terra cotta lining, not less than three- quarters (%) inch thick. Clay or terra cotta lining of flues shall extend from the bottom of the flue or throat of the fireplace continuousl.v to 59 Broadway 1 I 12 Home F-5 754 Oakland, San Francisco, Los Angeles JOHNSON OIL BURNER COMPANY 330 South San Pedro Street, Los Angeles MODERN OIL BURNING EQUIPMENT — for— Steam Boilers, Water Heaters, Bake Ovens, Dry Kilns, Hot Air Furnaces, Brass Furnaces, Incinerators, Ranges, Etc. MOST COMPLETE LINE OF OIL BURNERS IN THE WEST the top of the said flue. The lining shall be inclosed as carried up and the ends thereof shall fit closely together and be set in cement mortar. All joints and openings between the flue lining and the outer walls shall be filled solidly with mortar. Chimneys and flues not required to be lined shall have smoothly struck joints on the inside or they shall be plastered smoothly throughout the inside from th^ bottom to the top, and if the walls are less than eight (8) inches thick, they shall be plastered on the outside for their entire height, except such portions as are exposed to the weather. Artificial stone chimneys shall have all joints well filled and smoothlj- struck on the inside and outside. No smoke flue shall be less than seven (7) inches in the clear in any interior dimension. Only one (1) inlet shall be permitted in a smoke flue seven by seven (7x7) inches in the clear inside measurement, and such flue shall be increased in size in the interior thereof to seven by eleven (7x11) inches for two (2) inlets. No more than two (2) inlets shall be placed in any one smoke flue. Smoke flues larger than two hundred (200) square inches, inside area, shall have walls not less than twelve (12) inches thick to a height of twenty (20) feet above the inlet, and eight (8) inches thick for the remaining height, and the inside four (4) inches of the walls of such flues shall be of fire brick or may be lined with terra cotta flue lining for at least twenty (20) feet above the inlet. Smoke flues for bakery ovens shall be not less than eleven by eleven < 11x11) inches, inside measurement, and shall have masonry ^vvalls not less than eight (8) inches thick. The inside four (4) inches of the walls of all smoke flues for boilers of over twenty-five (25) horsepower for a dis- tance of twenty-five (2,t) feet above the bottom of the breeching inlet, shall be constructed of fire brick laid" in fire clay mortar. All chimneys having a greater flue area than two hundred sixty (260) sciuare inches inside measurement,, shall be carried up at least ten (10) feet above the highest point of the roof or any roof within twenty-five (2.5) feet of such chimney. The inlet for a smokepipe into a chim- ney or flue shall be a terra cotta Lhimble not less than three-quarters (^4) inch thick set in place as the construction progresses. Thimbles shall be surround- ed by four inches of brick work brought flush with the furring and shall extend to the face of the plastering and be not nearer than six (6) inches to any wood- work. Chimneys shall not be supported on any wooden floor or beam, but shall be sup- ported by masonry or fireproof con- struction from the ground up and shall not increase in size above the base. No chimney shall be corbelled out more than eight (8) inches from a wall, pro- vided that no corbelling shall be more than four (4) inches in twelve (12) inch walls. No chimney or flue shall be off- set or drawn over for any purpose more than one- third of its exterior width or thickness. No offset made to reduce the size of a chimney shall e.xceed one (1) inch for each two (2) inches of the height of such offset; and no corbel ex- tending from a wall shall exceed one (1) inch for each two (2) inches of the height thereof. No inlet to a chimney, stack or flue shall be extended out more than eight (8) inches. Flues in party walls shall not extend nearer than four (4) inches to the center of the wall. No joist, girder, or studding, shall be supported on the walls of any chimney or flue, but shall be kept clear from the outside face of any chimney or flue. All wood joists, trimmers, headers, beams and girders shall be trimmed away at least two (2) inches from the outside face of any smoke flue, and from the outside of the c:himney breast. Chimneys built outside of frame struc- tures or in light wells thereof shall be securely anchored to the walls at inter- vals of not more than ten (10) feet. All chimneys and flues shall e.xtend at least four (4) feel al)Ove a flat roof. Where such <-hiinneys or flues project through a pitch roof at or near the ridge or peak of such roof they shall project not less than two feet above said ridge or peak. Where I'himneys or flues pierce the roof at the eaves or on the slope of the roof they shall extend above that portion of the roof not less than five (5) feet, measured at the center of the chimney on the slope of the roof. If any such chimne\- projects above the roof to a height of more thiin six (6) times its least cross section it shall be braced with an iron rod or i)ii)e not less than one incli 60 in diameter with a fixed washer at each side of such chimney, which brace shall extend through said chimney at a point not luore than four feet from the top thereof. Every chimney projecting above the roof more than six times the thick- ness of its least cross section shall have at least three (3) four-inch cross walls or two (2) eight-inch walls across its least width and all such chimneys shall be laid in cement mortar from the top thereof to at least twenty-four (24) inches below the roof joists as provided for under head "Fire Walls." Smokestacks of iron or steel from steam boilers or similar appliances when passing through floors, ceilings, roofs, partitions or exterior walls of any build- ing, shall be at least twelve (12) inches from any wood or woodwork and such wood or woodwork sha'll be protected by a metal sleeve at least six (G) inches from the stack. This sleeve shall ex- tend six (6) Inches above and twelve (12) Inches below the floor, ceiling or roof, and shall extend six (6) inches on each side of any partition or exterior wall, and shall be securely fastened in place. On the exterior of any building, such stack shall be placed at least twenty (20) inches from any wood or woodwork, and its top must extend at least four (4) feet above the roof, adjacent to such stack. No woodwork shall be placed within two (2) feet of the. cupola of any foundry or within two (2) feet of the chimney of any such cupola. No pipe used to conduct smoke from any stove, range or similar appliance shall pass or extend through any floor, ceiling, roof, partition or wall of any building. Terra Cotta Chimneys may be erected in that portion of the city outside of Fire Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, providing such terra cotta pipes shall be securely strapped and fastened to the building with iron straps, and all joints of such chimneys be thoroughly cemented. No such terra cotta chimney or pipe snail be concealed and must be so constructed as to be exposed to view at every point from the exterior of the building. Such terra cotta pipes shall be not less than three-quarters of an inch thick, and be free from checks, cracks or other de- fects. If said terra cotta pipe or chim- ney is supported on a bracket, such bracket must be securely fastened to the building; between the inlet of such pipe or chimney and the bracket or floor sus- taining the same, there must be at least six (6) inches of cement mortar. A clear space of at least two (2) inches between the terra cotta pipe or chimney and any woodwork shall be provided, and such terra cotta chimneys shall extend at least three (3) feet above the roof of the build- ing. Sec. 97. Smoke House. Every smoke house or smoke rooin sliall be construct- ed of fireproof material throughout, with all walls, floors and roofs thereof of ma- sonry. Such walls shall be not less than twelve (12) inches thick and shall be built up at least three (3) feet higher than the roof. The roof of any such smoke house or smoke room shall be at least three (3) inches thick, provided, however, that in the event that such smoke house or smoke room is construct- ed within a building and by reason of the structural features of such building it is impracticable to extend the walls of such smoke house or smoke room three (3) feet higher than the roof of such smoke house or smoke room, then and in that event the walls of any such smoke house or smoke room may terminate at the roof line thereof. The roof of any smoke house or smoke room the walls of which terminate at the roof line thereof shall be constructed at least six (6) inches in thickness, and no woodwork shall be maintained within two (2) inches of the roof of any such sinoke house or smoke room, unless such woodwork is further protected with tile insulation or with a material of similar nature. An iron grate shall be placed three (3) feet above the floor, and the hanging nails shall be of iron. Sec. 99. Steam Pipes. Steam pipes shall not be placed within two inches of any timber or woodwork, unless the tim- ber or woodwork is protected by metal, in which event such distance shall not be less than one inch. All steam pipes passing through floors, ceilings, or lath and plaster or wood par- titions shall he protected by a metal tube having a metal flange at the floor one inch larger than the pipe, passing en- tirely through said floors, ceilings or par- titions. All pipes or ducts used to convey heat- ed air shall be of metal or other non- combustible materials. Pipes used for conveying steam under high pressure shall in no case be less than eight inches from any woodwork, unless protected by magnesia or equiva- lent pipe covering at least one inch thick, in which event the distance shall be not less than two inches. All steam pipe covering shall consist of non-combustible materials only. Sec. 100. Pipes in Walls. No recess for any pipe shall be made in a sixteen- inch party or division wall. No recesses for pipes or wires shall be made in any wall more than one-fourth of the thick- ness of such wall, and the space between the pipes and adjacent masonry shall be grouted full with cement mortar. Re- cesses around such pipes shall be filled up solid for the space of one foot, both above and below, each tier of floor or roof joists. There shall be no pipes of any description between any metal col- umn and its covering of fireproofing ma- terial. Sec. 101. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to place or maintain, or to cause or permit to be placed or maintained any water, steam, soil or vent pipe in any part of any con- crete column or girder. Sec. 102. Steel Girders. Every steel girder used in the construction of any building, the length whereof exceeds twenty feet, and whose vertical depth ex- ceeds twenty-four inches, shall be fire- proofed in the manner in this ordinance provided for the fireproofing of girders in buildings of Class "A." Sec. 103. Anchors and Ties for Steel Girders. All steel girders supporting ma- sonry shall be anchored into the walls of the building for a distance of not less than eighteen inches: said anchor shall lie of flat steel or iron with a cross sec- tion of not less than three-eighths of an inch by one and one-half inch, and shall 61 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY IRON AND STEEL ROLLING MILLS BOLT AND NUT WORKS GALVANIZING PLANT Manufacturers of Bar Steel Deformed and Twisted Steel for Reinforcing Concrete Work AH Kinds of Bolts and Nuts, Anchor Rods, Lag Screws, Cross-Arm Braces, Truss Rods and Special Shapes to Order. Railroad Rails to Any Length. Prompt Attention to All Inquiries and Orders FOURTH AND MATEO STS. LOS ANGELES, CAL. Telephones: Home 10729; Sunset Main 5832 be securely riveted to or hooked over the top flange of said girder and shall be turned up at the opposite end for a dis- tance of not less than two inches. All such anchors from steel or iron girders to wooden girders shall be of not less than one-half inch by two-inch iron, and shall extend not less than three feet on the wood, and shall be turned down not less than two inches into the wood at the ends and shall be securely fas- tened. When the wood girder is of less than eight inches, vertical height, the cross section above specified for the an- chor may be reduced one-half in all its parts. If the connecting girder be of metal then proper standard connections shall imite the beams and girders, so as to form a satisfactory tie. Sec. 104. Anchors, Straps, Ties and Stirrups. In buildings of Classes "B," "C" and "D," girders shall be anchored to the walls and fastened to each other so as to make a continuous tie from wall to wall. The beams may be united by suitable iron straps of not less than one- fourth by one and one-fourth inch (i/4"xl'4") area of cross section, turned into the girders and spiked or bolted so as to develop the strength of the tie; or such joints may be lapped and spiked to- gether so as to form a continuous tie. In all buildings having exterior walls of masonry, tile, or of a construction other than wood frame the end anchors of gir- ders may be in the form of iron or steel plates with lugs turnd up into the beam and down at least four inches (4") into the masonry at a point not more than four inches (4") from the outer faces of the wall; or such anchors may be three - fourth inch (3-4") anchors as hereafter required for joists. All joist anchors in such building shall be of three-fourth inch (3-4") round iron at least three (3) feet long with three-fourths (%") inch by ten inch (10") "T" head, or six by six (6"x6") iron washer, not less than three eights inch (3-8") thick; such head or washer shall be not more than four (4) inches from the outside face of the wall and shall pass through the wall where possible. The inner ends of anchors shall be turned down two (2) inches and shall be securely tied to the beam or joist at the side in such a way as to make the anchor self-releasing. The inner ends of joists shall be spiked for continuous tie. When joists run approximately par- allel with adjoining walls, said walls shall be anchored to each tier of joists above the first floor with anchors reaching back through or hooking over the fourth joist. Said last inentioned joist heads shall be strutted in such a way as to combine the four joists into a truss with the heads of struts close to the anchors and the foot of struts close to cross walls or partitions. Anchors shall be not more than six feet (6') apart in all walls and at every tier of joists above the first floor. Ceiling joists and rafters shall be simi- larly anchored. In all buildings except dwellings and flats steel or wrought or malleable iron stirrups of proper size shall be used to support ail header joists from trimmers and all tail joists from hearders in ad- dition to which all joists so hung shall be thoroughly spiked together. Fire walls shall be anchored as de- scribed under "Fire Walls." Sec. 105. Bearing of Joists and Bond Iron. The load at the bearing of floor 62 joists on their supports shall not exceed five hundred pounds to the square inch. In buildings of Classes "B" and "C," which are more than three stories in height, the floors of which are designed to sustain a load of more than 140 pounds per square foot, bond iron at least three inches by one-fourth inch shall be placed under each joist at its wall bearings. Said bond iron shall run continuously around the building and must be lock- jointed and anchored at each angle. Sec. 106. Timber Details. The header beam carrying the tail beams of a floor, and supporting the trimmer arch in front of a ttreplace, shall be not less than twenty inches from the chimney breast. Every girder or truss shall have a bear- ing of not less than eight inches, and joists not less than four inches, on mas- onry walls. All headers and trimmers shall be of such size that the strength of the floor shall be uniform. Where joists or beams rest on masonry walls the ends of such joists and beams must be beveled at least three inches at the ends resting on such walls. In no case shall timber of less dimen- sions that two by six inches be used for floor joists, and for all floors above the first floor no timber of less dimensions than two by eight inches shall be used; provided, however, that in one story buildings used for dwellings, barns, stables or garages, where it is proposed to utilize the space above the ceiling joists for storage purposes only, the joists of such ceiling shall be not less than two inches by six inches cross section when the span is not greater than twelve feet. No span of wood joists shall be great- er than twenty-six (26) feet. No mud sill shall be less than two by six inches (2"x6") cross section excet»t when laid on masonry, then such mua sill may be of not less than three by four inches (3"x4") cross section. All such mud sills shall be of redwood. /" The safe carrying capacity of any wood / beam for a uniformly distributed load shall be determined by multiplying twice the area of its cross section in square inches by its depth in inches, and di- viding this product by the span of the beam in feet; this result to be multiplied by 70 for spruce or white pine and by- ninety for Oregon pine and by 120 for oak. Sec. 107. Arches and Lintels. Every opening exceeding five feet in width in a wall of brick or stone shall have an arch of stone, brick, or terra cotta, se- curely keyed and with good and sufficient hutments, or such openings .shall have a lintel of stone, iron, steel, or re- inforced concrete. If a wood lintel is used over the inside of any opening there shall be a relieving arch over the same. A wood lintel shall not be placed over an opening exceeding five feet in width. There shall be no cast iron lin- . tel used over an opening exceeding seven feet in width. No wood beam or girder shall be used to support any masonry wall. Sec. 108. Retaining Walls. Any per- son making an excavation for the pur- post of construction shall at once build a retaining wall not less than seventeen inches thick at the top and increasing four inches in thickness for every four feet in depth to sustain the earth. If such retaining walls are built of brick, the brick shall be laid in cement mortar in the proportion of one part cement to four parts sand by actual measurement; provided, that if such retaining walls are constructed of reinforced concrete, then said wall shall not be less than eight inches thick at the top thereof, and shall increase in thickness at least one inch for each foot of depth of such wall. DIMENSIONS OF FOUNDATION WALLS Sec. 109. Foundation Walls. No founda- tion walls in buildings of Classes "A," "B" or "C" shall rest upon any made or filled ground; except that foundation walls in buildings of said Classes "A," "B" or "C" may rest upon filled or made ground in that part of the City of Los Angeles formerly included within the boundaries of the City of Wilmington and the City of San Pedro, as the said cities of Wihnington and San Pedro existed prior to the consolidation of the cities of Wilmington, San Pedro and Los Ange- les: provided, however, that before a per- mit is granted to any person, firm or cor- poration for the erection or construction of any building of said Class "A," "B" or "C" upon such filled or made ground tests .shall be made and filed with the Board of Public Works by the person, firm or corporation applying for said permit showing the load that said ground is ca- pable of sustaining to the square foot. No permit shall be granted for the con- struction or erection of any such build- ing upon said filled or made ground un- less such test shows that the ground upon which such building is proposed to be erected or consti'ucted will sustain the maximum load allowed for each square foot of ground, as provided in Section 128 of this ordinance. The depths of foundations of buildings of Classes "A,"^ "B" and "C" shall be not less than the depths prescribed in the following sched- ule: One story buildings not less than one foot below natural surface of ground; in two or three-story buildings not less than two feet below the natural surface of the ground; in four story buildings not less than three feet below the natural surface of the ground; in five or six story buildings not less than four feet below the natural surface of the ground; in seven story buildings not less than five feet below the natural surface of the ground; in eight, nine or ten story build- ings, not less than six feet below the na- tural surface of the ground. Provided, however, that nothing in thin section contained shall prevent the Board of Public Works from requiring a greater depth for foundations, if, in the judg- ment of said Board, it is necessary for the stability of said foundation and the structure proposed to be erected there- on. The width of the foundations of the several parts of any building shall be proportionate to the load to be carried, as in this ordinance specified. No course of brick footings shall pro- ject more than two inches from the foot- ing or wall above; and if formed of stone or concrete no course shall be less than twelve inches thick, nor shall any course project more than six inches. The width of the footings of every foun- dation wall shall be not less than 75 63 Residence 478 N. Belmont Ave. Phone Wilshire 3468 A. J. CRAWFORD CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER Estimates Given on All Classes of Work Member Building Industries Assn. 5th Floor Stimson Building Main 6561; Home 60608 LOS ANGELES. CAL. per cent greater than that of the wall resting- thereon. Foundations shall be proportionate to the actual loads they shall be required to sustain in the complete and occupied building. Sec. 110. Underpinning Walls. All %\alls used for underpinning any building- shall be constructed of inasonry four inches thicker throughout than the wall they support. Mortar used in masonry for underpinning shall contain not less than one-third cement, by actual meas- urement. All brick used for under- pinning shall be hard burnt, well-formed brick, thoroughly soaked in water before using. Sec. 111. Masonry Piers, Bond Plates. Every inasonry pier exceeding five feet in height and sustaining a load exceeding ten tons to each square foot, shall be provided with bond plates of cast iron or stone, extending through its entire sec- tion, at intervals of its height not ex- ceeding one and one-half times the diameter of such pier. Sec. 112. Thickness of Outer Walls of Masonry Buildings. Every exterior ma- sonry wall of any building shall be built to conform in thickness to the following schedule, (except as otherwise provided for in this ordinance); thickness is given in inches, to-wit: STORIE-S IN THICKNESS OF -^rALL AT EACH STORY BUILDING Basement 12 3 4 5 6 7 One Story 16" 12" Two Stories 16" 16" 12" Three Stories 20" 16" 16" 12" Four Stories 20" 20" 16" 16" 12" Five Stories 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" 12" Six Stories 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" 12" Seven Stories 28" 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" 12" Eight Stories 28" 28" 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" 12" Provided, that in any building used wholly as a dwelling and detached from any other building, the walls shall be not less than nine inches in thickness foi' the second story and not less than twelve inches in thickness for the first story; if one story only in height, walls shall be not less than nine inches thick from the floor level to the wall plate and not less than twelve inches thick below the level of the floor joist; Provided, further that any building used wholly as a private stable or barn, pri- vate garage or out building not over one (1) story In height and containing an area of not more than four hundred (400) square feet, may be constructed with walls not less than nine inches (9") thick from the floor level to the wall plate and not less than twelve inches (12") thick below the level of the floor joi.sts. Pro- vided, however, that such building shall not be used for any other purpose than dwellings, private stables or barns, pri- vate garages or out buildings unless the walls be increased to the thickness set forth in the foregoing schedule. (NOTE— SEE SECTION NO. 114) Sec. 113. Existing Party Walls. AVall.'^ heretofore built for, or used as party walls, the thickness of which at the time of their erection was in accordance with the requii'ements of the then existing or- dinance, but which are not in accordance with the requirements of this ordinance, may be used, if in good condition, for the ordinary uses of party walls, provided the height of the same be not increased. Sec. 114. In buildings of Classes "B" and "C" any exterior wall, other than a party or a division wall, that is not more than eighty feet in length, or that is intercepted at intervals of eighty feet or less by cross walls of the same height and thickness as said wall; also any in- terior weight-bearing wall, other than a party or division wall, shall be not less than twelve inches thick for the upper two stories. The walls of each two stoi'ies below the two upper stories shall be four inches thicker than the wall of the two stories next above. Sec. 115. Thickness of Party and Divi- sion Walls. Every party or division wall erected or constructed within Fire Dis- tricts Numbers 1 and 2 shall be built to conform in thickness to the following schedule, except as otherwise provided in this ordinance, thickness being given in inches, to-wit: 64 STORIES IN THICKNESS OP WALL AT EACH STORY BUILDING Basement 1 2 3 456789 One Story 16" 12" Two Stories 20" 16" 16" Three Stories 24" 20" 16" 16" Four Stories ^4" 20" 20" 16" 16" Five Stories 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" Six Stories ; 28" 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" Seven Stories 28" 28" 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" Eight Stories 32" 28" 28" 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" Nine Stories 32" 32" 28" 28" 24" 24" 20" 20" 16" 16" Provided, however, that p&rty or divi- sion walls may be erected in that portion of the City of Los Angeles not included in Fire Districts Numbers 1 and 2 of the thickness prescribed in the schedule set forth in Section 112 of this ordinance. Sec. 116. Temporary Partition Walls. Any temporary partitions (in any build- ing in Fire Distiicts Numbers 1, 2, 3 or 4) exceeding three-fourths (3-4) of the height of the story in which they are placed if constructed of wood, plaster board or similar composition shall have at least one-fourth (1-4) of its surface in glass set in sash. The term "tem- porary partition" in this section shall be deemed to be a partition constructed for the utility of the tenant in that portion of the building in which they are con- structed, but shall not be for the purpose of dividing stores, lofts, or portions of the building for separate tenants. Sec. 117. Increasing Height, Class "C" Buildings. Any building erected in the manner required by this ordinance for the construction of Class "C" buildings, and having walls of the thickness re- quired by this ordinance, may be increas- ed in height in the manner provided in this section. Such building shall not be increased more than two stories in height and when completed shall not exceed the height provided in this ordinance for buildings of Class "C" construction. Any such story so added shall not exceed twelve feet in height between the floor and the ceiling of such story. In any case where it is proposed to increase the height of any such building the exterior and division -walls of such building shall be reinforced by means of fire-proofed steel columns or reinforced concrete columns, extending from the foundation to the roof. Such columns shall be spaced not more than eighteen feet apart ineasured from center to cen- ter, and shall be thoroughly bonded into the walls. Such columns shall be of sufficient strength, with a factor of safety of four, to sustain the weight of the stories so added to such building, and the weight of such added stories shall be transmitted to the foundation by means of such columns. The exterior and di- vision walls of the stories so added shall be not less than twelve inches in thick- ness. The walls of such added stories shall not be used for bearing walls. Ex- cept as in this section otherwise provided, such building and such added stories shall be made to conform to the requireinents of this ordinance. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to permit the use of any such building more than four stories in height foi' any purpose pro- hibited by Section .'J3 of this ordinance. Sec. 118. Fire Walls. All exterior di- vision and party walls of buildings of Classes "A," "B" and "C" except as hereniafter provided, shall project througn and be at least two feet above the ad- joining roof line and shall be at least twelve inches thick. Such fire walls shall be continuous without openings therein, except as provided in this ordmance, and if of brick or stone, shall be laid in mor- tar, containing not less than one part of cement to three parts of good lime mor- tar, said cement mortar to extend from the top of the wall to a point two feet be- low the roof joists, and all such l:)ric'k work shall be laid as "full grouted" or "shoved" work. When masonry fire wall.s extend more than four feet six inche:-! above adjoining roof line said wall shall be anchored with three-fourths inch iron rods or pipes of one inch outside diame- ter'; said anchors shall be secured to the roof and shall have "T" heads built eight inches into the wall and shall be placed eight inches below the top of the wall and not more than ten feet apart. In Class "A" buildings over one hundred feet high, the fire wall on the street fronts may be omitted. Where such fire walls are omitted, the i-oof shall be pro- tected at the outer edge of the cornice by a concrete curb twelve inches wide with a vertical face on its inner side at least four inches high, and at the building line a substantial railing not less than three feet high, constructed of two-inch diameter galvanized iron piping with standards not more than ten feet apart, said railing to consist of two horizontal lines of piping placed eighteen inches apart and secured to the posts with galv- anized iron screw fittings. Buildings of Classes "A," "B" .and "C" construtttion located, outside of fire dis- tricts Number 1, 2 and 3, having roofs pitched at an angle of thirty degrees or more, shall not be required to have fire walls and fire walls may be omitted from buildings of Class "A," "B" .and "C" construction located outside of Fire Dis- trict number one, constructed, erected and maintained as a Church, Public School, College, Library or other Public building. Fire walls as set forth in this section may be omitted on roof structures as de- scribed in Section 135 of this ordinance, excepting on the walls of such roof struc- ture which are over or an extension of the exterior, party or division walls of the building upon which such roof structure is erected. Sec. 119. Recesses in Walls. Recesse.s for stair-ways and elevators may be left in the walls of buildings, provided that in no case shall such portions of such walls be of less thickness than the walls of the fourth story, unless reinforced by ad- ditional piers with iron or steel girders, or iron or steel columns and girders. 65 properly protected, and securely anchored to walls on each side. Recesses for alcoves and similar pur- poses shall have not less than eight inches of masonry at the back of such re- cesses, shall be not more than eight feet wide, and shall be arched over or spanned with iron oi- steel lintels, and not carried up higher than eighteen inches below the bottom of the beams of the floor next above, nor shall any recess be made nearer than six feet to any other recess in the same wall. Sec. 120. Furred Walls. Furred mason- ry walls shall be provided with fiie stops at each floor and intermediate between the floors. When a chimney breast is furred out the space between the chim- ney and the breast shall be closed with fireproof material. Sec. 121. Bond in Brickwork. The bond in brickwork shall be formed by laying at least one course of headers for every six courses of stretchers. Sec. 122. Care of Wall in Construction. It shall be unlawful for any per.=;on, firm or corporation, during the construction of any building, to erect or construct any wall, or any part thereof, to a greater height than six feet above the height of any other wall or part thereof, of the same building or structure. Sec. 123. Pressed Brick Facing. — Bond Joints. If pressed brick facing is used, it must be bonded into its backing at least every sixth course. Bond shall be established by solid headers or by gal- vanized iron strips not less than one inch wide, not less than one sixteenth of an inch thick and not less than eight inches long, placed at right angles to the face of the wall. If such strips are used for bonding each face brick shall be bonded No diagonal bond shall be allowed. In the case of piers faced with pressed brick, onlj' solid headers or boTidstones or iron plates shall be used for such bonding. Pressed brick in all cases must be laid so as to have a full bed of mortar under each brick. The mortar used in backing all pre.ssed bi-ick shall have cement added thereto, in the proportion of not less than one sixth of the bulk of the mortar. Sec. 124. Veneering Bond on Masonry. All veneer facings of stone, teri-a cotta or cement stone on masonry walls, shall be bonded by metal ties in the forms of staples or hooks, not less than one-quar- ter n-4") inch in diameter, oi- the equiva- lent in other sizes or .«hapes satisfactory to the Board of Public Works. The meta! ties .shall be embedded in the wall or struclural parts of the building, not less than four (4") inches and the ends turn- ed over to give a mechanical anchorage. Such ties shall be not less than twelve (12") inches apart horizontally and .shall be in every horizontal joint between courses. Sec. 125. Veneerincj Bond on Frame. Veneering of brick, stone oi- terra cotta may be plnoed on any frame building of not more than two (2) stories in height, provided that on buildings of more than two (2) stories in height such veneering may be placed so that the same will not exceed twentv-five (2.5') feet in height above the ground level. All buildings on which any such veneer- ing is placed shall first be sheathed solid with one (1) inch boards. The veneering shall be not less than four (4") inches in thickness, and shall be built on a solid foundation wall not less than twelve (12") inches thick. All veneer of brick, stone or cement stone shall be bonded back into the sheathing by galvanized iron strips not less than one inch by one sixteenth inch by five inches (l"xl-16"x5") long, placed at right angles to the face of the wall, and securely nailed to the sheathing. Such bonding ties shall be placed not more than twelve (12") inches apart horizontally, and shall be in every hori- zontal joint between courses, except in brick veneering in which they shall be in every third course. All veneer or hollow terra cotta tile shall be bonded back into the sheathing by a bent clip one inch by one-eighth inch by five inches (I"xl-S"x5") long, securely nailed to the sheathing or by two (2) ten • penny nails driven into the sheathing and bent over the tile. All veneer facings of architectural terra cotta shall be bonded back into the sheathing by metal ties in the form of staples' or hooks not less than one-quar- ter (1-4") inch in diameter or the equiva- lent in other sizes or shapes, satisfactory to the Board of Public Works. Such ties shall extend through the sheathing with the ends turned over to give a mechani- cal anchorage. Such ties shall be not less than twelve (12") inches apart hori- zontally and shall be in every horizontal joint between courses. Sec. 126. Excavations. — Lateral Sup- port. Every person, firm or corporation excavating for the purpose of laying the foundation of any building or for any other purpose whatever, shall support and protect from damage all adjoining- land, buildings, streets, alleys and side- walks, by undeipinning, cribbing or shor- ing or such other devise as will prevent all settling, cracking or damage what- ever. Sec. 127. Standard Depth. The depth of twelve (12) feet below the adjacent curb level is hereby fixed as the stand- ard depth of foundations. Any person ex- cavating to a greater depth than the above standard shall protect the adjoin- ing property from any damage due to said excavation. No person constructing foundations to the proper or standard depth shall be liable for damages to con- tiguous buildings, the walls of which have not been constructed to the standard depth. Sec. 128. Bearing Capacity of Soils. The maximum load allowed upon any square foot of various kind.s or ground shall be as follows: Upon firm gravel or hard clay not less than eight feet below the surface, four tons. Upon soft clay or adobe not less than ten feet below the sui'face, thi'ee tons. Upon firm gravel or hard clay from three to six feet below the natural sur- face, three tons. Upon firm gravel or hard clay less than three feet below the natural surface, two tons. Upon sandy loam, one ton. Upon soft clay or adobe, not less than two feet below the surface, one ton. All footing shall be extended through the surface down to firm, undisturbed 66 natural ground. AVhenever wet land oc- curs and proper foundations cannot other- wise be secured, piles shall be used and driven, capped and cut off below the water line in such manner as to insure a proper and safe, durable foundation. Sec. 129. Safe Loads on Masonry. The safe load on hard burned brick laid in lime mortar shall not exceed eight tons per square foot, and on the same laid in cement mortar shall not exceed fifteen tons per square foot. The safe load on Portland cement concrete in foundations shall not exceed twenty tons per square loot. Sec. 130. Floor and Roof Loads. The floors of every building- shall be con- structed to carry not less than the fol- lowing live loads per square foot, with a factor of safety of four: Warehouse, wholesale houses, factories and store buildings, one hundred fifty (150) pounds. Assembly halls, dancing halls, corridors of public buildings and hotels, one hun- dred twenty-five (125) pounds; Office buildings, seventy-five (75) pounds; . Apartment, tenement, hotel and lodg- ing house buildings, dwellings, flats and hospitals, sixty (60) pounds; The roof of every building shall be con- structed to carry not less than the fol- lowing live loads per square foot, with a factor of safety of four: thirty (30) pounds. (except in dwellings, .sheds and out- buildings) ; Dwellings, sheds and out-buildings, twenty (20) pounds; The roof of any building designed or intended to be used for any purpose other than ordinary roof usage shall be con- structed to carry a live load per square foot, with a factor of safet yof four, suf- ficient to sustain all loads designed or in- tended to be carried thereon. The Board of Public Works shall des- ignate the classification in which the flooi-s and roof of any building shall be included in the event that any such building is not specially enumerated in this section. Sec. 131. Floor Loads m Warehouses. Before being entitled to receive a per- mit for the construction or erection of any building designed or intended to be used as a warehouse, the owner of such building shall deliver to and file with the Board of Public Works, in writing, signed by himself and by some person, com- petent to estimate the same, a cei'tificate stating the live load with a factor of safety of four, which each and every floor and roof of such building is de- signed and constructed to sustain. Sec. 131'/2. For the purpose of Section 130 of this ordinance a warehouse is de- fined to be any building or structure used or intended or designed to be used for housing goods, wares and merchandise, in transit from the consignor to the con- signee thereof, or for which warehouse receipts are given by the person, firm or coj-poration owning or operating such building or structure to the person leav- ing the same therein. Sec. 132. Weights of Materials. In computing the strength and weights of w^alls, floors and materials a cubic foot ■of material shall be deemed to have the weight and the strength given in the table of either of the following hand- books: F. E. Kidder's "Architects' and Engineers' Pocket Book," or Haswell's "Mechanics and Engineers' Pocket Book" or Trautwain's Handbook. Sec. 133. Roof Drainage. Every build- ing within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3 shall be provided with metallic water conductors of sufficient capacity to convey all surface drainage from the roof to the street or alley gutter. Such water conductors shall be extended from the building below the surface of the sidewalk and shall not extend beyond the curb line of the street. Sec. 134. Cornices and Appendages. Every cornice or gutter on any building of Class "B" or Class "C" construction shall be made of non-combustible ma- terial. Every_metal cornice shall have riveted joints aiW shall be supported by heavy steel brackets, securely braced in such manner as to be capable of sus- taining at each extreme outer point a load of not less than three hundred pounds. Such brackets shall be placed not more than two feet six inches apart, from center to center, and shall be se- curely anchored into the brick work and to the roof; should they extend to the roof the top member of each bracket shall be carried through the masonry to the inside thereof, and be securely anchored into the wall. The roof or covering of any cornice may be sheathed with wood, provided that such sheathing shall be en- tirely covered with metal; or, where com- position roof is used, it may extend to within six inches of front edge of the cornice, and said space of six inches shall be covered with metal, and the brick firewall shall be extended solidly at least to the under side of the boarding which forms the top of the cornice. Appendages on buildings of Class "B" or Class "C" such as skylights, dormer windows, gutter, mouldings, eaves, par- apets, balconies, bay windows, towers, spires, ventilators, turrets and lantern lights, except as in this ordinance pro- vided, shall be constructed of fireproof materials; provided, however, that any of such appendages that exceed the allowed limit of height for its class, shall be wholly fireproof, and that floors, roof boarding and joists to porches and bal- conies may be of wood with no concealed spaces in any part thereof, and with no screen, lattice or enclosure except that an open rail or wire guard may be con- structed on such porch or balcony. STRUCTURES ABOVE ROOFS. Sec. 135. No structure built partly or wholly upon or above the roof of any building, excepting residences or dwellings shall project above the highest point of .such roof more than eight feet, except as hereinafter in this section provided. Every outside wall of such structure (ex- cept Class "D" buildings) on any street or party line shall be of masonry in build- ings of Classes "B", or "C", the wall? of such roof structure other than mason- ry walls, shall be lathed with metal lath on both sides and plastered; or such walls may be sheathed close with one-inch boards, covered with lock-jointed tin. All ceilings in the interior of such struc- ture shall be plastered on metal lath. 67 LOS ANGELES MANUFACTURING COMPANY Riveted Steel, Well Casing, Water Pipe, Smokestacks, Tanks, Black and Galvanized Irrigation Pipe SHEET METAL WORK Phones: Main 2132—29545 LOS ANGELES, CAL. Quotations Promptly Submitted The total area of such roof structures on any building other than a residence or dwelling shall not exceed two hundred square feet for each five thousand square feet of area of the upper floor surface of such building, except that the total area, of any such roof structures erected or constructed upon any building used whol- ly as a brewery, or as a warehouse for storage of grain only shall not exceed one-third of the total area of the roof of any such building. The total area of any such roof structure erected or con- structed wholly upon or above the roof of any residence or dwelling shall not exceed twenty per cent of the total area of the roof of such bu'lding. The loof of every roof structure shall be constructed in the same manner and of the same materials as the roof of the main building. Upon the roof of buildings of Class "A" construction of not more than one story in height, hand ball courts occupying an area equal to the area of such roof may be constructed as hereinafter provided: (a) Every exterior wall of each such court within twenty feet of the street front of such building shall not exceed ten feet in heig;ht. (b) The partitions or the exterior walls other than exterior walls, mentioned in subdivision (a) hereof, shall not exceed twenty feet in height above the roof of such building. (c) Each wall or partition of each such court shall be constructed of reinforced concrete and shall not be less than two inches in thickness. No roof or other covering shall be con- stiucted over or upon any such court. T^pon buildings of Class "A" construc- tion not exceed'ng eight stories in height and the roof of which has an area ex- ceeding twelve thousand square feet, roof structures not exceeding one story in height and having a floor area of not exceeding three thousand square feet and used for the purposes of a photographic 8;allery onlv may be erected: provided, however, that all material used in the construction of .such roof structures shall be of the kind snecified in this ordinance for Class "A" construction. STORAGE TANKS ABOVE ROOFS. Sec. 136. All tanks having a capacity of more than five hundi'ed (500) gallons capable of containing liquid in storage placed in any story or on or above the roof of any building of Classes "A," "B," and "C" construction, shall be supported on iron or steel, reinforced concrete or brick work; and all such supports shall be carried down to the foundation of the building- and braced at each floor line as may be necessary to secure a rigid, solid job. All iron and steel supports of such tanks shall be flreproofed as provided for in Class "A" construction. Sec. 137. Height of Stories. In build- ings of Classes "A," "B" and "C" the height of an exterior wall in any one story shall not exceed fourteen times its thickness, excepting that in one-story buildings the height of such walls shall be not more than sixteen times the thick- ness of the walls. Sec. 138. Ventilation of Water Closets and Urinals. Every apartment or room containing a water closet or urinal shall be ventilated by means of a window open- ing directly into the open air, or, where it is impracticable on account of struc- tural features to obtain such window to open air, the Board of Public Works inay approve a system of ventilation by means of a suitable flue, and, if necessary, a .system of forced draught may be required by said Board of Public "Wtorks. The minimum size of any such flue venting an apartment or room containing- a water closet or urinal shall be, if run vertically, not less than fifty (50 sq. in.) square inches, and if run horizontally, not less than one hundred forty square inches (140 sq. in.). These flues or vents must extend to the outei' air. Sec. 139. Measurements for Buildings. For the purpose of this ordinance the greatest linear ground dimensions of any building shall be its length, and the next greatest linear ground dimension its width. The height of buildings shall be meas- ured from the curb level at the center of the front of building to the top of the highest point of the building. For buildings on a street corner the measurements shall be taken from the curb level opposite the center of the front thereof in which is located the principal entrance to such building. When the ground upon which the walls of the structure are built is above the street level, the height of the building mav be measured from the average level of the ground adjacent to the walls. Sec. 140. Floor Lights. Floor lights used for transmission of light to floors 68 below, shall be con.structed of metal frames and bars or plate and any light of glass therein exceeding- in area sixteen square inches shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same, and the floor lights shall be of the same proportional strength as the floors in which they are placed. Sec. 141. Standard Fire Doors and Shutters Required. Every exterior win- dow or opening in any building of Cla.ss "A," Class "B" or Cla.ss "C" construction within Fire Districts Nos. 1 and 2, situ- ated within thirty feet in any direction of a wall or root of any building or an adja- cent wall of the same building, other than a blank masonry wall, shall have hollow metal frames and sash, glazed with wire glass not less than one quarter (14) inch thick, no light of said glass shall be larger than forty-two by seventy-two inches. Said metal fraines and sash shall be constructed of heavy galvanized iron, and all joints shall be locked and riveted without solder, or such openings may be protected with any fire window fraine and sash which has been approved by the "Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.", and which bears thereon the label of ap- proval of such "Underwriters Laborato- ries, Inc.", or such openings may be protected in the following manner: For window openings and openings other than door openings, flie shutters may be used and shall be constructed and arranged as herein provided. For door openings, metal covered doors and frames may be used. Such openings either for doors, windows or other openings, may be pro- tected with rolling iron or steel shutters, counterbalanced in such a manner as to be readily opened from both sides. All metal sash, metal covered doors and fire shutters shall be hung in such a inanner as to be easily opened from both sides, and all locks or fastenings used on any metal sash, inetal covered door, fire shutter or rolling steel shuttei- shall be of a kind which may be readily broken in case of fire. The provisions of this section .shall not apply to dwellings, churches or school houses, nor to any opening in an adja- cent wall of the saine building where such wall is the wall of an exterior light court at the side or rear of such building, breaking not more than nine feet into the building, unless any .such opening in such court w^all is located within thirty feet of another building other than a blank masonry wall; nor .shall the provisions of this section apply to any opening in the street front of any building, or to any opening in a covirt on the street front of any building. Communication Openings: The aggregate width of openings through exterior division or party walls whereby communication is made with an adjoining building or room shall not ex- ceed 25 per cent of the total length of said walls in any one story, nor shall any opening therein exceed 10 feet in width or height, and shall have metal covered standard fire doors on each side of each such opening, constructed and arranged as specified in this section, or such open- ings shall have rolling iron or steel shut- ters, provided such shutters shall be counterbalanced in such a manner as to be readily opened from both sides; pro- vided, however, that the provisions of this section regulating communication openings shall not be deemed to apply to any abutting Class "A" buildings in which the combined area of any floor be- tween exterior, party, or division walls in both buildings does not exceed thirty-five thousand (3.5,000) square feet of unsprin- klered, or does not exceed seventy-five thousand (75,000), square feet if sprinkler- ed; in which event the said exterior, divi- sion or party walls between such abut- ting Class "A" building may be omitted. Construction: All doors for communi- cating openings and all fire shutters shall be constructed in conformity with the following specifications, and shall be deemed to be for the purpose of this or- dinance, the "standard fire door" or "fire shutter." Such doors shall be constructed of three thicknesses of matched redwood boards, and such shutters shall be constructed of two thicknesses of matched redwood boards. In each case such boards shall not be over six inches wide and shall be placed at right angles to each other, or shall cross diagonally and be nailed with wire nails clinched. Such doors or shut- ters shall be covered on both sides and on all edges with sheet tin not more than fourteen inches by twenty inches in size, joined together with lock joints and nailed to the woodwork, nails to be driven inside the lap and the joints; hammered down ovei' the nail heads. No solder shall be used. The hinges, bolts and latches of such doors shall be secured or fastened to the door or shutter after the tin has been nailed on. No such door shall be less than two and three fourths inches in thickness and no such shutter shall be less than one and three-fourths inches in thickness. Swinging doors or shutters shall extend three inches over the masonry at the sides and top of the doorway or opening, or may close into an opening, provided the walls be rabbeted three inches at the top and sides. In all cases such door.s and shutters shall shut close upon mason - T-y at the top, bottom and sides, or may be made to shut close upon a steel or iron sill at the bottom. All sliding doors shall extend three inches over the masonry at the sides and top of the doorway or opening, and when such sliding doors are closed such doors shall fit close at bottom upon the mason- ry or upon a steel or iron sill. Hinges and hangers shall be of strong wrought iron and fastened to the door or shutter with bolt and nuts. Latches shall be so arranged on the shutters that they can be opened from both sides. The rail or track for sliding doors shall be heavy enough to withstand heat with- out warping and every rail, track or hinge shall be secured to the wall by bolts passing through the wall or by "exnansion" bolts. The track may be made of common flat bar steel not less than three-eighths inch thick and four inches wide, bolted to the wall WJtn three-fourths inch bolts. The distance of the tracks from the wall may be regu- lated by wa.shers. Stops shall be placed so as to prevent the door from rolling off the track, at either end, and hold it in position when closed. 69 Sec. 142. Standard Fire Resisting Door. For the purpose of this ordinance, any door con.structed in accordance with the following specifications shall be deemed to be the '"standard fire resisting door," and may be used where by this ordinance it is required on a fire escape and smoke tower. Every such door shall be not less than one and one-half (IM:") inch thick and shall not exceed four (4') feet in width nor seven feet six inches (7'6") in lieight. Such doors shall be constructed of hollow metal or nieta! covered wood or of wire glass not less than one-quar- ter (1-4") inch thick or a combination of these materials. Such door shall be hung on hollow metal or metal covered wood frame in a rigid and substantial man- ner. Any type of a door which has been ap- proved by the "Underwriters Laborato- lies. Inc.,", and which bears thereon the label of approval of such "Underwriters Laboratoiies, Inc.", shall be deemed to comply with the provisions of this sec- tion. Sec. 143. Garages. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to store or keep, or to cause or permit to be stored or kept, any oil, gasoline or fuel of any kind in any private garage, unless the floor of such garage shall be of fireproof material, or of wood covered with concrete not less than two inches thick. For the purpose of this section the term "private garage" is defined to be a build- ing where one or more automobiles are kept or stored for private use only, and are not rented to or hired by the pub- lic, and where no charge is made for the storage of the same. (NOTE— SEE ALSO SPECIAL ORDI- NANCE ON GARAGES). Sec. 144. Reviewing Stands. Every re- viewing stand shall be constructed with four inch by six inch stringers running- parallel to the front of such stand, spaced at distances not exceeding six feet apart, -and supported at distances not exceeding six feet apart by posts of not less than four inches by six inches. These posts shall be braced diagonally, forming a continuous herringbone bracing the full length of such stand for each vertical six feet of such posts. The girders at the top of the posts shall be braced with braces not less than four inches by four inches, at right angles to the joists above the girders. Every post or brace shall be thoroughly secured to a foot plate which shall be of Oregon pine not less than three inches by six inches in cross section laid solidly on the giound at right .angles to the front of the stand and forming the base for each line of posts. There shall be joists resting on the gird- ers of not less than two inches by eight inches, cross section. Such joL-^ts shall be spaced not exceeding forty inches apart, if two inch plank be used lor the sides and steps. If one inch lumber be used for the sides and steps, then the joists shall not be spaced more than twenty inches from center to center. Braces shall be provided whenever necessary to make a solid, substantial structuie. which shall be safe under any possible emergency. All timbers forming the framing shall be thoroughly spiked together. No bracing .shall be made of less than two inch lum- ber. There shall be a level stringer of two inches by six inches cross section at the bottom of each line of posts, parallel to the stand; also a horizontal piece of two inches by six inches cross section the full length of the stand and at right angles to same for every row of posts, and every six feet of vertical height thereof. All timbers used in the con- struction of reviewing stands shall be of sound Oregon pine (Washington fir). Wherever the stand, or a portion thereof, extends over an excavation, the posts shall be extended to the bottom of said excavation and shall be braced with horizontal braces as hereinbefore pro- vided. OUTBUILDINGS, TENTS AND SHEDS. Sec. 145. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, con- struct or maintain any outbuilding with- in Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3, unless the same is of Class "A", Class "B" or Class "C" construction; provid- ed, that such an outbuilding not more than twelve feet in height and having an area of not more than four hundred square feet may be constructed with eight inch masonry walls. Temporary enclosed wooden sheds, not to exceed twenty feet in height, may be erected within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, ,3 and 4 to facilitate the erection of buildings, but when such buildings are completed such sheds shall be removed. Every extension of any building with- in Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3 in the form of an addition or separate struc- ture of any size or for any purpose shall be constructed in the same manner as buildings of Class "A," Class "B" or Class "C." It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, maintain or occupy any tent or movable structure of any kind whatsoever within Fire Dis- tricts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. For the purpose of this ordinance a tent is hereby defined to be a pavilion, canvas house, umbrella, booth or other structure with or without walls or other side enclosures. Umbrella sheds or sheds used for the protection of persons, goods, wares or merchandise on premises occupied as railroad stations, or on overhead struc- tures used for the operation of street or interurban railway cars and located in Fire Distiicts Numbers 1, 2, 3 or 4 shall be constructed with steel, reinforced con- crete or cast iron supporters. The roof of every such shed shall be constructed of steel, asbestos, corrugated roofing, re- inforced concrete or wire glass, and such roof and every support shall be con- structed capable of sustaining a live load of not less than 40 lbs. for each square foot of roof area with a factor of safety of four. Temporary umbrella sheds oi" sheds used for the ijroteclion of persons, goods, wares or merchandise on premises used or occupied for str-eet or interurban rail- way stations or upon overhead structures used for the operation of street or inter- urban railway cais located in Fire Dis- trict Number 1, may be constructed with wood supports and with wood composj- tions or corrugated iron roofs. Temporary stairways, ramps or In- 70 clines leading from any such overhead structure to the ground within Fire Dis- trict Number 1 may be constructed ot wood with roof of wood, corrugated iron or composition roofing. It shall be unlawful to erect, construct or maintain any such shed after the ex- piration of three years from the date this ordinance becomes effective. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct or maintain, or to cause to be erected, con- structed or maintained, any awning over any premises or any portion thereof within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, except over an entrance to or windo\J of a building, or any such awning that is of a greater width than the width of the entrance or window over which the same is maintained, or any awning that shall extend more than six feet from the wall of such building, provided, however, that nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to apply to any awning, canopy or marquise erected or construct- ed on any building used or occupied as a railway depot or railroad station in ac- cordance with the provisions of Section 153 of this ordinance. Sec. 146. Stables. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect or use, or to cause or permit to be erected or used, any building for the pur- pose of stabling animals above the first or ground floor thereof, or to cause or permit any animals to be kept in any building above the first or ground floor thereof, unless such building be con- structed as hereinbefore provided for buildings of Class "A" construction; pro- vided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to buildings in use for such purpose at the time of the passage of this ordinance. Sec. 147. Ceiling for Stores. In build- ings of Class "B," the ceilings over the door spaces thereof used as stores only, may be constructed of wood on metal lath and plaster. In buildings of Class "C," the ceilings over the floor spaces thereof, used as stores only, may be constructed of wood; provided, however, that where metal lath and plaster is required for the ceiling of the first story of such building, such ceil- ing over such store floor space may be ceiled with wood on the metal lath and plaster. Sec. 148. Demolition of Buildings. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to demolish any building, or to cause or permit the same to be de- molished except as herein provided. In demolishing any building, one story shall be completely removed before the demoli- tion of another story is begun. No ma- terial shall be placed upon the floor of any such building in the course of de- molition, but the brick, timbers and other .structural parts of each story shall be lowered to the ground immediately vipon disnlacement. The owner, architect, builder or contractor of any building, structure, premises, wall, platform, stag- ing or flooring to be demolished shall give not less than twenty-four hours' previous notice to the Board of Public Works of such intended demolition. Sec. 149. Use of Sidewalks and Streets. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to commence the erection of any building abutting upon any side- walk, or to continue the erection thereof unless there shall exist along the center line of such sidewalk a good and sub- stantial board fence at least twelve feet high, enclosing the inner half of the width of such sidewalk so as to protect pedestrians from anything falling from such building. It .shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to make any excavation in that part of any sidewalk lying be- tween the curb line and the center line thereof, unless there shall exist over such excavation a good and substantial temporary walk so constructed and main- tained as at all times to afford safe, free and unobstructed passage for pedestrians over and along all that part of such side- walk above mentioned, and constructed and maintained on a level with the sur- face of the street or at an elevation of not more than four feet above the same, having steps at each end and a railing not less than three feet high along the edge thereof nearest the street. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to fail or neglect to have at least one half of the width of the sidewalk and not less than ten feet of the width of any alley unobstructed and free of rubbish at all times, except that a passageway across such space may be used for carriage of materials. Sec. 150. Basements Under Sidewalks. In all buildings where any portion of the space undei' the sidewalk is excavated the walls surrounding such excavation .shall be not less than twelve inches in thickness, unless they act as retaining walls, and, in such case, such retaining walls shall be of the thickness prescribed for retaining walls by this ordinance. Where the City of Los Angeles or any department, board or commission there- of, desires to install a fire hydrant the connecting pipe of which extends into such basement, the owner or occupant of the basement shall upon demand of said city, enclose said pipe within masonry walls, not less than eight (8) inches in thickness, plastered on both sides with cement plaster and extending from the floor to the ceiling of such basement. Sec. 151. Sidewalk Protection. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or cor- poration erecting any building flush with the sidewalk within Fire Districts Num- bers 1, 2, 3 and 4, to fail or neglect at all times, during the construction, altera- tion, demolition or repair thereof, to erect or maintain a temporary canopy at least ten feet above the sidewalk the full width of the sidewalk, constructed as herein provided. Such canopy shall have a curb at least twelve inches high on the outer edge and at each end there- of. If such canopy is used for the storage of materials additional supports shall be provided which will safely sustain such materials with a factor of safety of four. Such canopy shall be constructed of a four inch by eight inch fir stringer placed on edge, resting upon the top of four inch by six inch fir posts placed not more than twelve feet apart, in not to exceed three lines parallel to such building, upon which shall rest two inch by ten inch fir .ioists placed not more than four feet apart. Such joists shall be covered with fir planks not less than two inches bj' 71 eight inches laid close together. AH Joints in such covering shall l)e made upon joists. At all angles made by such post stringers and joists, such angles shall be braced with a two inch by four inch fir brace not less than four feet long. Sec. 152. Projections. No bay window, balcony or projection other than a cor- nice shall extend over any public street or alley within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, except that a balcony not less than twelve feet from the ground and constructed of wrought or cast iron, stone or terra cotta and capable of sustaining a load of two hundred pounds per square foot, may project not more than three feet over any street or alley. Outside of the said Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, no bay window, balcony or other projection shall extend more than three feet over any street or alley, or be less than twelve feet above the sidewalk, and no such bay window, balcony or other projection shall be constructed over any street or alley having a width of less than thirty feet. AWNINGS Sec. 153. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, con- struct or maintain over any sidewalk, or part thereof, any awning otherwise than as provided in this ordinance. Every awning or covering erected, con- .structed or maintained over any side- walk, or part thereof, shall be construct- ed of canvas on a metal frame, which frame shall be attached to a building. Every canvas awning or covering erect- ed, constructed oi maintained over any sidewalk, or part thereof, shall be, when lowered, at least eight feet above such sidewalk at its lowest point, and shall not extend over such .sidewalk for a greater distance than two thirds of the distance from the building, to which such awning is attached, to the outer edge of such sidewalk immediately in front of such building; provided that a iianging border may drop vertically therefrom to a point not less than seven feet above the sidewalk. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, to erect, construct oi- maintain over any sidewalk or part there- of, any metal canopy or marquise othe<- wise than as provided in this section. IVletal canopies or marquise may be constructed over sidewalks at the main entrance to buildings; provided, however, that no such canop>- or marquise shall be erected, constructed or maintained so as to cover a store front or any part of such store front except the main entrance to such store. Such canopy or marquise shall not be erected, constructed or maintained in front of any building that is less than two stories in height. Such canopy or marquise shall not extend ovei' any sidewalk for a greater distance than two thirds of the distance fiom the build- ing, to which such canopy or marquise is attached, to the outer edge of such sidewalk immediately in front of sxich building. Each such canopy or marquise shall be constructed of wrought or cast ii-on, bronze or othei- solid cast or wrought metal and each such canopy or marquise shall be supported entirely bv metal frames and supports. The roof of each such canopy oi- maiquise shall be of wire glass set and supported in metal frames. All other glass used in any such canopy or marquise shall be wire glass. The low- est point of any portion of any such can- opy or marquise, including the supports thereof, shall not be less than eight feet six inches in the clear, above every por- tion of tlie sidewalk beneath such canopy or marquise. Each such canopy or mar- quise shall be supported with metal lods or chains, from above, secured to the . walls of the building. Every support, frame and constructive part of such can- opy or marquise shall be of such strength as to sustain six times the weight of such canopy or marquise and every such can- opy or marquise shall be tested at any time when required by the Board of Public AVorks for the purpose of ascer- taining the strength thereof. Each such canopy or marquise shall be provided with gutters and conductors of sufficient size to carry the water from such canopy or marquise to the street gutter. Each such conductor shall be placed within the wall of the building and below the surface of the sidewalk. No post or other support or appliance of any such canopy or marquise shall be placed, erected or maintained upon any portion of any sidewalk. Provided, however, that in Fire Dis- tiict Number 1, awnings, marquise or canopies may be constructed over any premises used for railway depots of one or more stories in height and any such awnings, marquise or canopies may ex- tend over the sidewalk in front of any such building upon which the same is constructed but shall not extend beyond the curb or curb line thereof, and .shall in no event extend a greater distance than 40 feet from the face of the building. Ev- ery such awning, marquise or canopy, constructed over any such premises or such premises and sidewalk shall be sup- ported by pillars of iron, steel or rein- forced concrete, or by chains or rods at- tached to the buildin.g as hereinabove provided. No such pillar shall be placed in any public stieet or alley. The roof of every such awning, marquise or can- op>' shall be constructed of wire glass, metal or leinforced concrete; every such awning, marquise or canopy shall be pro- vided with gutters and conductors of the kind or type heiein required and every support, frame or constr'uctive part of any such awning, marquise or canopy shall be of such str-ength as to sustain six times the weight of such awning, marquise or canopy and .shall be tested as to the strength thereof at any time required bv the Board of Public \^^orks. Provided, further-, that awnings con- structed of melal may be erected and at- tached to buildings subject to the same provisions prescribed by this ordinance regulating canvas awnings, except that no such metal awning shall be erected on the first story of any building where it is intended or proposed that such metal awning is to extend into or over any pub- lic sidewalk, str-eet or alley, and all such metal awnings shall be of a type which may be readily lower-ed and raised find when raised will fold or collapse flat against the building. (NOTE: A SPECIAL PERMIT MUST BE OBTAINED FROM THE MUNICI- PAL ART COMMISSION AS TO THE 72 LOCATION AND DESIGN OF MAR- QUISE OR CANOPIES EXTENDING OVER THE SIDEWALK). Sec. 153 -A. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, con- struct or maintain, or cause or per- mit to be erected, constructed or main- tained, any awning, over any premises, or any portion thereof, except over an entrance to or window of a building, or any such awning' that is of a greater width than the width of the entrance or window over which the same is main- tained, or any awning that shall extend more than six feet from the wall of such building in that portion of Fire District Number 1, outside of the following de- scribed portion thereof, to wit: Beginning at a point on the easterly line of Alameda Street, distant one hun- dred fifty (150) feet northerly, measured at right angles, from the northerly line of Macy Street; thence easterly and par- allel with the northerly line of Macy Street to a point in the center line of the Official Bed of the Los Angeles River; thence southerly along the said center line of the Los Angeles River to its interesection with a line parallel with and one hundred fifty (150) feet south- erly, measured at right angles from the easterly prolongation of the southerly line of that portion of Ninth Street lying westerly of said Los Angeles River; thence westerly parallel with and one hundred fifty (150) feet distant southerly from the southerly line of Ninth Street in all of its various courses to a point distant one hundred fifty (150) feet west- erly measured at right angles from the westerly line of Los Angeles Street; thence northerly and parallel with the westerly line of Los Angeles Street in all of its various courses to a point in the .southerly line of Arcadia Street; thence easterly in a direct line to the northeast- erly corner of Arcadia Street and San- chez Street; thence northerly in a direct line to the southeasterly corner of San- chez Street and Plaza Street; thence easterly along the southerly line of Plaza Street and the easterly prolongation thereof to a point in the center line of San Pedro Street; thence northerly along the center line of San Pedro Street to its intersection with the easterly prolonga- tion of the northerly line of Marches- sault Street; thence westerly along the northerly line of Marchessault street, to the centei- line of Olvera Street; thence northerly along the center line of Olvera Street to the southerly line of Macy Street; thence northerly in a direct line to the point of beginning. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct or maintain any canopy in that portion of Fire District Number 1 hereinabove de- scribed, unless such canopy be construct- ed wholly of fire proof material. Every such canopy shall be securely fastened to the building and .shall be not more than sixteen feet (16') in height above the surface of the ground except as other- wise provided in this ordinance, nor ex- tend more than twelve (12') feet from the building. It .=hall be unlawful for any person, fii'tn or corporation to erect, construct or maintain, or cause or permit to be erect- ed, constructed or maintained, any awning over any premises, or any portion thereof, within Fire Districts Numbers 2; 3 and 4, except over an entrance to or window of a building, or any such awn- ing, that is of greater width than the w.uth of the entrance or window over which the same is maintained, or any awning that shall exte'^d -'■ -^ than six feet from the wall of such building. Sec. 154: hire Ei^cujjfco r-\._mjired In. Buildings. Standard hie escapes shall be provided on buildings as follows: Class "A" Buildings: Every building of Class "A" construction, three (3) or more stories in height on any front oi' rear elevation thereof, which building or portion thereof is designed or iutended to be used as a tenement house, hotel or lodging house, shall be provided with at least two (2) standard fire escapes and never less than one (1) such standard fire escape .shall be provided on each street frontage of such building. Every such building of Class "A" con- struction, exceeding fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet of floor area and not exceeding twenty thousand (20,000) square feet of floor area shall be pro- vided with at least three (3) such fire escapes and shall be further provided with at least one (1) such fire escape for each additional five thousand (5,000) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof. All other buildings of Class "A" con- struction, three (3) or more stories in height on any front or rear elevation thereof, shall be provided with one (1) standard fire escape for every ten thou- .sand (10,000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Class "B" and Class "C" Buildings: Every building of Class "B" or Class "C" construction, three (3) or more stories in height on any front or rear elevation thereof, which building or portion theie- of is designed or intended to be used as- a tenement house, hotel or lodging house, shall be provided with at least two (2) standard fire escapes and never less than one (1) such standard fire escape shall be provided on each street frontage of such building. Every such building of Class "R" or Class "C" construction, exceeding ten thousand (10,000) square feet of floor area and not exceeding fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet of floor area shall be provided with at least three (3) such fire escapes and shall be further provided with at least one (1) such Are escape for each additional five thousand (5,000V square feet of floor area or fraction thereof. All other buildings of Class "B" or Clas.= "C" construction three (3) or more stoi'ies rn height on any front or rear elevation thereof, shall be provided with one (1) standard fire escape for every five thousand (5,000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Class "D" Buildings: EVe-y building of Class "D" construction, i^hree Ci) or more stories in height on anv f'-ont or rear elevation thereof, which building or portion thereof is designed or intended to be used as a tenement house, hotel or lodging house, shall be provided with nt least two (2) standard fire escanes and never less than one (1> such standard fire escape shall be provided or each street frontage of such building. Every such building of Class "D" con- 73 struction, exceeding eight thousand (8,000) square feet of floor area and not exceeding twelve thousand (12,000) square feet of floor area shall be provid- ed with at least three (3) such fire es- capes and shall be further provided with at least one (1) such fire escape for each additional four thousand (4,000) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof. All other buildings of Class "D" con- struction, three (3) or more stories in height on any front or rear elevation thereof, shall be provided with one (1) standard flre escape for every four thou- sand (4,000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Where not required: Provided, how- ever, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to buildings designed, built or intended to be used exclusively for dwelling houses, churches, breweries, ice houses, cold storage plants, grain ele- vators and buildings of a similar type, nor on warehouse buildings in which no person, other than the watchman is em- ployed above the second floor, between the hours of 6:00 P. M. and 5:00 A. M. of the succeeding day. Sec. 155: Floor Areas in Relation to Fire Escapes. The largest floor area above the second floor shall be used as the basis for computing the number of exterior standard fire escapes required providing that if all floors above the largest floor area of the building are di- minished in area, the fire escapes from that portion of building containing the smaller area may be computed on the basis of the largest floor area in that por- tion of the building. Sec. 156. Location of Fire Escapes. All fire escapes shall be so located on the building as to furnish the best means of escape therefrom and shall be as far re- moved from each other as is practical, except where in this ordinance the loca- tion is otherwise specially fixed. The Board of Public Works shall have the power and it shall be its duty to de- termine the location and number of all standard fire escapes on any building or portion thereof, in such cases as the number and location is not specifically fixed by this Ordinance. All standard fire escapes required by this ordinance shall be located on a pub- lic hall, public corridor or passagewa> , except that (a) If a large public parlor, lobby or assembly room is connected directly to a public hall, corridor or passa.geway, and if such connecting opening is free and unobstructed and there are no doors in snr^h connection, then the exit may be directly from such public parlor, lobby oi- assembly room to the flre escape. (b) On buildings designed, built or in- tended to be used as warehouses, loft.^, factories or for auditoriums, assembly halls, lodge rooms or for similar pur- poses, where by this ordinance more than one standard fire escape is required, and any floor or portion of any floor of such building is so sub-divided that at least one standard fire escape is accessible to each occupancy on the floor or portion of floor so sub-d'v'ded through a public hall, corridor or passage way, then the exit may be directly from such warehouse, loft, factory, auditorium, assembly hall, or lodge room, sub-division on the same floor of such building to the other flre escapes. In the event that any floor or any portion of any floor of such building is so sub-divided and arranged so that each such warehouse, loft, factory, audi- torium, assembly hall, or lodge room subdivision is provided with a separate and independent fire escape, then and in that event the public halls, coriidors and passage-ways to the fire escapes may be omitted in that floor or portion of the floor so sub-divided. The walls and ceilings of every pas- sage-way leading to a fire escape in bu:ldings of Class "A" construction shall be constructed of fire proof materials. In buildings of Classes "B," "C" and "D" construction, the walls and ceilings of any such passage-way shall, if not of nr»i proof material, be of ■wood studs lathed with metal lath and plaster. STANDARD FIRE ESCAPES Sec. 157. All standard fire escapes re- quired by this ordinance shall be fastened securely on the exterior walls of build- ings, and shall consist of a balcony at each story above the first story, with in- clined stairways connecting all balconies and a goose-neck ladder connecting the topmost balcony to the roof, and, in some cases, under certain conditions, of a counter-balanced stairway, drop ladder, or permanent ladder or stairway extend- ing from the lowest balcony to Ihe ground, side-walk or alley level. The standard fire escape shall be deemed to be one designed in accordance with the following requirements. (a) Size of Fire Escape Balconies: Every standard fire escape balcony shall be not less than forty-four (44") inches in width and not less than nine (9') feet in length, inside measurements, provided that where the structural or archi- tectural features of the building will not permit a balcony of such length or width, the Board of Public Works may issue a permit in writing, allowing a deviation from such balcony dimensions, but in no case shall any such balcony contain an area less than thirty-three (33) square feet, inside measurements, inclusive of the openings for stairways. (b) Size of Flre Escape Balcony Openings: The opening of the floor in the balcony for stairways, shall be not less than twenty-one inches by forty inches (21"x40"). The lowest balcony shall have no such opening therein, ex- cepting where a ladder or stairway is attached thereto leading to the ground, side-walk or alley level, and an opening therein .shall be required. (c) Flre Escape Balcony Construction: The frame of the balcony shall consist of steel or wrought iron angles forming the ends of the platforms, of an outside and inside angle forming the sides of the platform; and of an intermediate angle between the inside and outside angle.s, framing to the end angles. The inside angle of the frame shall be not less than three by two by five sixteenths .''."x2x.j-16") inches and other frame an- gles not less than three by three by five- sixteenths (3"x3"x,5-16") inches. The top railing of the balcony shall be made of steel or wrought iron angles not less than two by two by one-quarter (2"x2"xl-4") inches, placed not less than 74 thirty-four (34") inches above the top of the floor of the balcony. In tlie space between the top railing and the frame of the balcony there shall be placed upright standards of steel or wrought iron fllling-in-bars, not less than one-half (%") inch round or square; or other bars of at least an equivalent area, but never less than one-quarter (1-4") inch in any dimension. No open- ing in this balustrade shall be more than eight (8") inches in horizontal di- mension, and the filling-ln bars .shall be firmly rivited or bolted to the top rail and frame of the platform. The floor of the platform shall be made of wrought iron or steel flats not less than five-sixteenths by two (5-16"x2") inches. Such flats shall be spaced not more than one (1") inch apart and fas- tened at each bearing by riveting or bolting. (d) Fire Escape Balcony Supports: \\''heie the balconies are fastened to brick or concrete walls, the angles forming the ends of the platform and of the top rail- ings shall extend at least eight (8") inches into the wall, and shall be em- bedded therein and securely anchored thereto by one of the following methods: (a) A pin or bolt anchor not less than three-quarter (3-4") inch diameter by eight (8") inches in length shall be pro- vided at right angles to the angle, the angle being punched to receive same; or the pin or bolt shall be attached to the angle by a strap, riveted or welded thereto. (b) The angles themselves may have a i-ight angle bend eight (8") inches long, which flange shall be embedded in the wall as specifled for pin or bolt anchor. (c) The angles inay be spliced with three-quarter (3-4") inch round iron or steel bars, welded, bolted or riveted to the angles, and these iron or steel bars shall extend through the wall to the in- side thereof, and be securely fastened with four by four by one-quarter inch (4"x4"xl-4") iron or steel washei's and nuts. (d) The angles themselves may be ex- tended entirely through the w'all and pro- vided with a right angle bend not less than eight (8") inches long, which flange shall bear against the inside surface of the wall without any combustible shim- ming. Where the balconies are fastened to walls of (frame) buildings of Class "D" construction, the platform of the bal- cony shall be securely fastened to such wall by not less than three (3) three- (luarter (%") inch bolts. These bolts shall extend ' through the fiame of such platfoi-m and through the wall, and shall be securely fastened on the inside or same with four-inch by four-inch by one-quarter inch (4"x4"xl-4") iron or steel washers and nuts. Each of the end angles forming the top rail of the platform shall have a four (4") inch wrought iron angle bend which shall lie flat against the outer wall of the building and through this flange and through the wall shall be placed a bolt not less than five-eighths (.T-S") inch in diameter, which shall be securelv fastened on the inside of said wall -with a four-inch by four-inch by one-quarter inch (4"x4"xi/4") iron or steel wa.«her and nut. All balconies shall also be securelv fastened and each end of each balcony platform shall be biaced and supported by one of the following methods: (a) By placing imder each end of the platform, a strut built of either wrought iron or steel angles not less than two inches by two inches by five-sixteenths inch (2"x2"x.5-16") ; or of shapes of equiv- alent strength; oi- of two (2") inch wrought iron or steel pipe. The balcony end of such struts shall be riveted or bolted to the frame of the platform and the othei' end .shall be securely embedded and anchored into the building walls or fastened thereto, by one of the methods described foi end angles of platforms and top railings. (b) By placing over each end of the platform a hanger built either of steel or wrought iron bars not less than three- ciuarter (%") inch in diameter; or of steel or wrought iron flats, angles or other shapes equivalent in area ; or of steel or wrought iron chains with the links thei'eof not less than seven-sixteenths (7-16") inch in diameter. All such hang-ers shall be not less than six (6') feet in length. The patform end shall be .securely fastened by liveting or bolting to the- platform, and the building end shall be fastened by means of a three-quarter (%") inch steel or wrought iron eye-bolt, extending through and fastened on the inside of the wall of the building with a four-inch by four-inch by one-quarter inch (4"x4"xi4") iron or .steel washei' and nut. The hangei- shall be drawn up into tension by means of the nut. (c) In buildings of Class "A" construc- tion only, by placing at each end of each platform reinforced concrete or steel can- tilever brackets built on, anchored or liveted to the structural 'Woj-k of the building and of the platform. The fram- ing members of the platform shall be in- creased in size as required to take the stress added by the cantilever construc- tion, the cantilevei' fastening and anchor- ing to the building shall be designed to take the entire live and dead load sus- tained thereon. Complete detail drawings of the construction shall be submitted to the Board of Public Works of the City of Los Angeles, and its approval obtained thereto. • If any platforiu is more than nine O') feet in length an additional strut of one of the forms required for end platform supports shall be provided for each four (4') feet or fraction thereof additional length of balcony. These additional struts shall be spaced to make all struts as nearly as practicable equidistant. Any platform angles unsupported by these ad- ditional struts shall be increa.<5ed in size and strength to provide for the additional length. No balconies shall be attached to any wall unless the overturning moment of same (with a factor of safety of three) is piovided for. If necessary, additional stiffeners, framing or posts between the floors in the inside walls, or anchorage to or through the floor system to the next wall, must be provided satisfactory to the Board of Public Works. No balcony struts or hangers shall be anchored to any arches over any opening, nor in buildings of Class "A," "B," or "C" construction shall any top railing ang:les or supporting struts of balconies be at- tached to mullions of wood or sheet metal. 75 (e) Height of Lowest Fire Escape Bal- cony. The lowest balcony of every fire • •scape shall be not more than twenty- eight (28') feet, nor less than twelve (12') feet above the street, alley or ground level below satne. (f) Facing of Fire Escape Balconies: Fire escape balconies may be faced with terra cotta or other fire resisting mate- lials, provided that such materials shall be securely fastened and anchored to the frame work of such balconies and that the construction of the balconies shall be strengthened sufficiently to sustain the added load. (g) Fire Escape Stairways and Hand Rails: The inclined stairways shall be not less than eighten (18") inches wide in the clear and no part of same shall be placed less than twenty-one (21") inches from the face of the building. The stringers of the stairways shall be made of steel flats not less than one- quarter inch by four inches (i/4"x4") for an unsupported length of twelve (12') feet or less. When the length of the stairs between any two balconies is more than twelve (12') feet, such stairway shall be either braced in the center to the platform above or below, or the stairway stringers shall be increased in size sufficiently to support the total live and dead loads sus- tained thereon. The treads of stairways shall be of steel not less than one-quarter by four (14 "x4") inches, and the vertical distance from tread to tread shall be not more than twelve (12") inches. Each end of the tread shall have a right angle bend, and these flanges shall be riveted to the stringers with two (2) five-sixteenth (5-16") inch rivets. All stairways shall have an inclination of not less than four (4") inches and not more than six (6") inches horizontally to each twelve (12") inches of vertical height. At each platform there shall be landings not less than twenty (20") inches wide in the clear measured from the outside rails to the top and bottom of the stairways. Each side of all stairways shall be pro- vided with a one (1") inch iron pipe hand rail riveted to stringei's and provided with uprights and fittings. These hand rails shall be continuous on all stairways from the topmost balcony to the lowest bal- cony, and shall be continuous around the well hole openings of balcony platforms. (h) Fire Escape Goose-Neck Ladder: There shall be an iron goose-neck ladder, not less than fifteen (15") inches wide, extending vertically from the topmost balcony to and above the roof of the building. Such ladder shall not be placed in front of any opening in the walls of the building. The sides of such ladder shall be made of not less than one-half (^Vz") inch by two (2") inch wrought iron or steel. The rungs shall be made of five-eights (%") inch round wrought iron or steel placed not more than fourteen (14") inches apart. The base of the ladder shall be securely riveted or bolted to the floor of the bal- cony. The upper end shall extend three (3) feet above the fire wall or roof, and be brought down and fastened with bolts at or to the roof on the inside of the fire- wall. The landing rung shall be within fourteen (14") inches of the roof at the ladder. The ladder shall be well braced with wrought iron or steel brackets of proper size built into or bolted to the wall of the building, placed not more than four (4') feet apart. These brackets may be omitted or the spacing thereof altered if the vertical members of the ladder shall be increased in size and strengthened to properly carry the total live and dead and horizontal loads imposed thereon. (i) Cornice Openings for Fire Escape Ladders: The opening in the cornice of buildings shall be not less than twenty- four (24") inches wide by twenty-four (24") inches in the clear outside of the ladders wherevei' fire escape goose-neck ladders pass through same. (j) First Story Fire Escape Stairways or Ladders: If the lowest balcony of any fire escape is more than twelve (12') feet above the public alley, street or ground line under same, there shall be attached thereto a counterbalanced stairway, drop ladder, or a permanent ladder or stairvv-ay extending from such balcony to the street, alley or ground. Such counterbalanced stairway, drop ladder or permanent lad- der or stairway shall be of similar con- struction and of the same pitch and width as the "standard" fire escape stairways, and shall be designed to carry similar live loads. All such counterbalanced stairways, drop ladders, permanent ladders or stair- ways attached to fire escape balconies shall be of a type approved by the Board of Public Works, and it shall be incum- bent upon the person desiring to use any such counterbalanced stairway or drop ladder, permanent ladder, or stairway, to furnish complete plans, drawings and de- tails and demonstrate such device to the Board of Public Works of the City of Los Angeles, and obtain its approval of such device before using same. (k) Workmanship of Fire Escapes: All parts and details of construction of fire escapes, balconies, ladders, stairways and hand rails shall be properly supported, connected, framed, anchored and braced and stiffened so as to be perfectly rigid, durable and secure. (I) Finishing of Fire Escapes: All steel and iron work of balconies, ladders and stairways, including bolts and fastenings, shall be heavily galvanized before erec- tion, and after erection all exposed steel and iron work of the fire escapes shall be painted v^ith not less than two (2) coats of durable paint. (m) Testing of Fire Escapes: If re- quired by the Board of Public Works, the fire escape balconies, ladders and stair- ways and building connections shall be tested by and at the expense of the owner or builder. Such test shall demonstrate that such fire escape balconies, ladders and stairways are capable of sustaining, without any sign of failure or deflection, the total dead and live loads thereon. For such fire escape tests the following live loads shall be provided. On balconies 200 pounds per square foot. On stringers of Inclined stairways 150 pounds per square foot horizontal projec- tion of stairs. On sides of all vertical ladders 100 pounds horizontal pressure per lineal foot. 76 On each rung of ladder or tread of stairs 250 pounds per rung oi- tread. On top rail of balconies, 100 pounds horizontal pressure per lineal foot of rail- ing. (n) Building Exits to Fire Escapes: The floor.s of lire escape balconies shall be not over eight (8") inciies above or below the level of the inside sill of the doors or windows giving- access to the balconies, and the balcony platforms shall extend at least eight (8") inches beyond the jamb of such doors or windows. The level of the inside sill of the doors or windows giving access to the fire es- cape balconies shall be not more than thirty (30") inches above the adjoining Hoor in the building and such door or window openings shall be not less than thirty (30") inches in clear width, nor less than seventy-two (72") inches in height. All doors or casements in such openings shall open outwardly, but shall not dimin- ish the width of the balcony when open- ing or when fully open. Where double hung windows are used in such openings, the lower sash shall be at least the size of the upper sash and shall slide to the top of said opening. No lock of any kind, except such type as can readily be opened from the interior of the Ijuilding without the use of a key, shall be used or placed on any such door, caseinent or window. Sec. 158. Optional Standard Fire Es- cape Balcony. In lien of the standard Are escape balconies as in this Ordinance described, such balconies may be con- stiucted of reinforced concrete or of wrought iron or steel throughout, or of a combination of these materials; or such balconies may be constructed of brick, tei'ra cotta, tile or stone, or a combina- tion of these materials, provided that the same are thoroughly I'einforced so as to make a solid, substantial construction, and conform to the following provisions: The balcony platform shall be designed to carry in addition to the dead load thereof, a live load of one hundred (100) pounds per square foot over the entire area thereof (using outside dimensions) and the live and dead loads from the lad- ders or stairs supported thereon. Each ladder shall be designed to with- stand, in addition to the dead load there- of, a horizontal pressure of one hundred (100) pounds per square foot. Each stairway shall be designed to carry, in addition to the dead load there- of, a live load of one hundred fifty (150) pounds per square foot of horizontal pro- jection. Balcony top rails shall be designed to withstand a horizontal pressure of one hundred (100) pounds per lineal foot of j-ailing. Each balcony shall be independently svipported. All fastenings of the balconies to the building shall be designed to carry twen- t>-five (25'/r) per cent greater load than the total dead and live loads carried by the balconies. The balcony anchorings shall be direct to the structural work of the building, with all end horizontal steel or iron members of the balustrade and platform extended into the walls and an- chored to the structural work of the build- ing. All strut supports shall be similar to those required for the "standard" fire escape balconies designed to properl.x' carry the loads imposed. No opening in any floor of any balcony, except stairway or ladder opening, shall be greater than one (1") inch in one di- rection. No opening in any balustrade of any balcony shall be greater than eight (8") inches in horizontal direction. The size of the balcony, the height of balustiades, the openings for the stair- ways or ladders and the finishing of all steel and iron work except where such steel or iron is imbedded in concrete shall be as required for "standard" fire, es- capes. No steel shape, except pipe rails, shall be less than one-fourth inch (i/4") thick. Complete detailed drawings shall be submitted to and the approval of the Board of I'ublic Vrorjcs of the City of I^os Angeles obtained thereto. Sec. 159. Optional Type of Fire Escapes. Any type of fire escape meeting all of the following requirements may take the place of a standard fire escape required by this ordinance. Such fire escape shall consist of a right forin of stairway or of inclined chute or chutes, constructed entirely of incom- bustible materials and enclosed in towers constructed of similar materials; be se- curely attached to the building and pro- vided with proper means of entrance thereto from the building and with an iron ladder to enable the Firemen to reach the roof thereby from the ground ; equipped with standpipes as required by this ordinance, and it shall first have been appioved in writing by the Chief Engi- neer of the Fire Department and the Fire Conmiissioners of the City of Los An- geles, as being a solid, substantial stiuc- ture, as fii'e proof in construction, and providing the occupants of a building with as much protection and as safe and effi- cient a means of escape as the standard fire escape. For this purpose the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department and Board of Fire Commissioners may require that, and it shall be incumbent upon the person desir- ing to erect or construct any such type of fire escape, to submit plans and speci- fications and all details, and if deenied necessai'y, demonstrate such fire escape to the said Chief Engineer of the Fire Department and Board of Fire Commis- sioners of the City of J.,os Angeles. Sec. 160. Fire Escape and Smoke Tower. Whenever in any building there shall be constructed a fire escape and smoke tower, of non-combustible materials in accordance with the following specifica- tion, then the said fire escape and smoke tower may take the place of two standard fire escapes recjuired by this ordinance, but in no event shall theie be less than one standard fire escape on the exterior walls of the building. Such/ fire escape and smoke tower shall consist of a fii'e escape .stairway not less than twenty-four (24") inches in width, without winders, constructed of rein- forced concrete, iron or steel, or of a combination of these materials. The stairway shall be continuous the full height of the building from the first floor exit level to the roof and have hand rails on each side thereof, the full length of same. This stairway shall be constructed at a point adjacent to the exterior walls of 77 tlie building' and be entirely inclosed with brick, concrete or reinforced concrete walls, not less than twelve inches (12") thick, such walls to be continuous from the ba,=ement up to and extendin.a three (;>) feet above the roof of the building, with no covering- of any kind over the said stairway; nor shall there be any oiJenings in such walls into the building, except that where there is a vestibule constructed as in this section specified, there may be openings in that wall which separates the tower from the vestibule. -Any such openings shall be constructed and equipped in the same manner as pro- vided for the door openings in such vesti- bules: any glass used in any such open- ings shall be wii-e glass, not less than one- fourth (Vi") inch thick, set in metal fi'ames and sash. The inclosing walls of a fire escape and sinoke tower shall not be used to carry oi- support any floor joists or an\- other structural feature of the building, nor shall there be any chases cut in such walls for pipes, conduits or any other purpose. An exit from the fire escape and smoke tower shall be provided at the first floor line, opening directly to a public street, public alley or other public place, or into a court or passageway not less than thirty-six (36") inches in width; said court or passage-way to be constructed of fire proof materials and lead directly to a public street or public alle\' with no ob- structions therein and be used for this purpose only. There shall be an entrance to the fire escape and smoke tower and such en- trance shall be by means of an outside balcony at each floor, or a vestibule con- structed of fire proof materials as herein- after set forth: Balconies shall have a solid floor and in all other details and kinds of materials, be as in this Ordinance specified for standard fire escape balconies. Said balconies or vestibules shall be so located and so arranged that access shall be had to same through a door, opening from the interior of the building at the end of a public hall, corridor or passage- way and with a door opening from the said balcon\- or vestibule to the tower. All such door-openings shall be not less than thirty (30") inches wide by eighty (80") inches in height and equipped with doors constructed as in this Ordinance specified for fire doors or fire resisting doors. The frame and threshold of said door-openings to be constructed of similar OI- fire proof materials. The vestibule shall be constructed of the same kind and thickness of walls as the tower and arranged so that one side of the vestibule shall face a public street or public alley and that side of the ves- tibule facing the public street or public alley .shall be entirely open from the top of the floor to the under side of the ceil- ing and the full width of same, except that such open side of the vestibule .shall be yn'otected with a balustrade the same height above the floor as specified by this oidinance for the fire escape balconies. Every such vestibule shall contain a floor area of not less than twenty-five (2.5) s(iuare feet and shall not be less than four (4) feet in any dimension and shall have a ceiling height in the clear of not less than eight feet six inches (8' 6"). Fire escapes and smoke towers and all vestibules shall have proper means for illumination. Wherever in tlais Ordinance it is pro- ^•ided that the public halls, corridors or passage-ways leading to standard fire es- capes may be omitted such public halls, corridors or passage-ways leading to fire escapes and smoke towers' may, under similar conditions, be omitted. Sec. 161. Permits for Fire Escapes. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct or change the location of any fire escape required by the ordinances of the City of Los Angeles without first obtaining a per- mit from the Board of Public Works so to do. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation owning, liaving charge or control of any building required by the ordinances of this city to be provided with a tire escape or fire escapes, to per- mit any portion of said buildings above the second floor to be occupied by any person oi- persons until after all fire es- capes required by this ordinance shall have been completely installed on said building, in accordance with the require- ments of this ordinance. Sec. 162. Passageways to Fire Escapes. In buildings already erected, where the only means of reaching the fire escape is through a room, the door of such room shall be a sash door, and over said door there shall be suspcinded a light of not less than eight candle-power, enclosed in a colored globe, which said light shall be kept continuously lighted from sunset to sunrise of each succeeding day. There shall also be painted upon said wall or contiguous thereto, or upon a sign sus- pended not more than twelve inches (12") lielow such light, the words, "To Fire Escape." the letters of such words to be not less than three inches in height. Sec. 163. Obstructions to Fire Escapes. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to attach, fasten or tie, or to permit, allow or suffer to be attached, fastened or tied, to any fire escape or standpipe any rope, cable, wire or stand- ard, or in any manner or by any means, obstruct, or to permit, allow or suffer to be obstructed, any hallway or passage- way leading to a fire escape, or in any manner or by any means, obstruct, or to permit, allow or suffer to be obstructed in any manner or by any means, any fire escape or any part or portion thereof. LIMIT OF AREAS OF BUILDINGS. Sec. 164. No building or portion of any building shall exceed a greater floor area between exterior, party or division walls than set forth by the following table: AREA OF BUILDINGS. Maximum Unsprlnklered Floor Area Permitted Height of Building — One storv. Class "A," 40,000 square feet: Class "B," 12,500 square feet: Class "C," 10,000 square feet. Over one storv. Class "A." 35.000 square feet: Class '73," 10,000 square feet; Clas.3 "C," 7, .500 square feet. Provided that where in such building^ or portion thereof there is installed and 78 maintained an automatic "Standard" sprinkler system in accordance witli the provisions of this ordinance, the floor area shall not exceed the maximum set forth in the following table: AREAS OF BUILDINGS. Maximum Sprinklered Floor Area Permitted Class "A," 75,000 square feet; Class "B," 25,000 square feet; Class "C," 17,000 square feet. For the purpose of this Ordinance the floor areas of building's or portions of buildings shall be computed exclusive of thickness of the exterior, party or di- vision walls. STANDARD AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. Sec. 165. All automatic sprinkler sys- tems required by this ordinance shall be in accordance with the following specifl- cations, which for the purpose of this Ordinance, shall be deemed to be the "Standard" Automatic Sprinkler System. The sprinkler system shall consist of one or more main supply direct water connections to the City main, or to grav- ity, or pressure tanks, or to fire pumps; and of one or inore risers connecting these main supplies to the feed mains which supply the branches to the sprink- ler heads; and in some cases, of sidewalk Siamese steamer connections connecting all risers to main supplies. All pipe shall be standard wrought iron or steel threaded pipe, well reamed and screwed up tight into fittings. Fittings shall be standard malleable or cast iron: such fittin.gs shall be long sweep pattern where practicable to install same. All Sprinkler heads shall be of a kind approved by the National Fire Protection Association of the United States. All piping shall be inade secure to the ceiling, walls and other parts of the building as is necessary to make a rigid, permanent and durable job, with standard pipe hangers, straps, screw or extension bar hangers and supports. All valves two and one-half inches (2%") in diameter and under shall be of brass or bronze throughout. Valves over two and one-half inches (2%") in diam- eter shall be of brass, bronze, or may be iron body brass fitted. All sidewalk Si- amese inlet valves, caps and chains shall lie of brass or bronze. All gate valves shall be double wedge disc, stuffing box pattern wheel handle, outside screw and yoke or other approved indicator pattern. Check valves to be approved straight way regrinding pattern so built that checks may be readily removed for repairs. All sprinkler heads shall be so located that their effective distribution will cover all parts of the premises required to be sprinkled. Each separate story, each basement, sub-basement and cellar between exterior party or division walls shall be considered and deemed to be a separate fire unit. All sprinkler heads shall be located wherever possible in an upright position on top of the pipes with the deflectors of the sprinkler heads not nearer than three incites (3") below the ceiling soffits of girders, joists or other work above the sprinklers, provided that sprinkler heads on concealed piping system may be pen- dent. All sprinklers shall be so placed that the deflectors of same will be parallel to the surface above same. All sprinklers shall be so spaced that each sprinkler shall discharge an effective supply of water over an area not less than eighty (SO) square feet and shall be so spaced that the sprinklers shall be not more than eight feet (8') apart in one diiection and ten feet (10') apart in the other direction. In the event that any beams, girders, joists, columns, walls, partitions or othei' obstructions prevent the standard spacing described above and prevent the sprin- klers froin discharging an effective sup- j3ly of water over an area of eighty (80) square feet, the sprinkler spacing shall be varied or additional sprinklers in- stalled to properly and effectively sprinkle said area satisfactorily to the Board of I'ublic \^^orks. Size of risers, feed mains and branch supplies shall be determined by the fol- lowing table: •yi" pipe shall supply not to exceed 1 sprinkler. 1" pipe shall supply not to exceed 2 sprinklers. 1 Vi" pipe shall supply not to exceed 3 sprinklers. 1 V'" pipe shall supply not to exceed 5 sprinklers. 2" pipe shall supply not to exceed 10 sprinklers. 2I/2" pipe shall supply not to exceed 20 sprinklers. ?," pipe shall supply not to exceed 36 sprinklers. ^Vs" pipe shall supply not to exceed 55 sprinklers. 1" pipe shall supply not to exceed 80 spi'inkleis. 5" pipe shall supply not to exceed 140 sprinklers. 6" pipe shall supply not to exceed 200 sprinklers. Never more than ten (10) sprinklers shall be installed on any branch line. The sizes of main supply pipes, risers, feed mains and branches to the sprinklers shall be graded in accordance with the number of sprinklers supplied thereby. All feed mains shall be arranged to provide "Center Central," or "Side Cen- ti'al," feeds and riser connections. No feed main shall be larger than six (6") inch pipe. The size of main supplies and lisers shall be determined by the inaximum number of sprinklers supplied by the riser to the largest fire unit, hut no riser sup- plied by direct City "VS^ater connection only shall be larger than six (6") inch pipe. No main supply connection to City wa- ter inain shall be larger than six (6") inches in diameter and in the event that the maximum number of sprinklers in the largest fire unit require such main sup- plies larger than six (6") inches in diam- eter, an additional number of main sup- plies and risers shall be provided. No main supply connection to the City water main shall be greater in area than twenty-five (25%) per cent of the area of the City water main in the street to which the same is connected. When more than one (1) such main supply con- nection for one (1) building is made to 79 City mains, such connections shall, wherever practicable, be taken from the City water mains on separate street frontage of the building. Main supplies to the risers shall always be made separate direct connections to the City water main, gravity, or pressure tanks or fire pumps as the case may be, provided that the domestic water service of the building- may be taken from the sprinkler main supply connected to the City water main. The main supplies to the risers of any sprinkler system required above the fifth story in any building or portions thereof, must be connected to pressure or gravity tanks or to fire pumps. All such pressure or gravity tanks placed above the roof shall be constructed of steel, iron, reinforced concrete, or wood, suppoited as provided in this ordi- nance for roof tanks, and if constructed of wood every such tank shall also be constructed to conform to the rules and regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. The water capacity of gravity tanks shall be based on one hundred (100) gal- lons for each sprinkler head in the largest lire unit. The water capacity of pressure tanks shall be based on fifty (50) gallons for each sprinkler in the largest fire unit; provided further, that the minimum water capacity of gravity tanks shall in no case be less than five thousand (.5,000) gallons and the ininimum capacity of pressure tanks be not less than four thousand five hundred (4, .500) gallons. The total capacity of pressure tanks shall be at least one-third (1-3) greater than the water capacity, and provided with all necessary equipment to inaintain at all times an air pressure of at least seventy-five (75) pounds. Gravity tanks shall be placed not less than twenty-five (25') feet above the highest line of spiinklers. Pressure tanks shall be placed on top floor or above the roof. All steel gravity and pressure tanks shall be built of fire box or flanged steel having a tensile strength of not less than fifty-five thousand (55,000) pounds nor more than sixty-five thousand (65,000) pounds with heads one-eighth inch {Vs") thicker than the shell where tanks are not over seven <7') feet and the radius of the dish is to be equal to the diameter of the tank. The longitudinal seams to be triple riveted and placed below the water line. Girth seams may be single riveted, except wheie the diameter of tanks is in excess of seven (7') feet, then they shall be double riveted. Tanks shall be pro- vided with manhole cover and outlet con- nections, gauge glasses, pressure gauges, filling pipes, and drain pipes. Tanks to be tested at a hydrostatic pressure of at least twenty-five (25%) per cent greater than normal working pressure required and never less than one hundred (100) pounds. Thickness of the tank .«hall be deter- mined by the following formula: T equals P x r x .5 .75 X s T^Thickness of plate in inches. P^ — Working pressui'e in pounds per square inch. r — Internal radius of shell. S — Tensile strength of plates in pounds per square inch. 5 — Factor of safety. .75 — Value of riveted joints. No tank steel shall be less than one- fourth (V4,") inch thick. Pressure tanks must be connected to a pump for filling and with an air compres- sor having capacity to increase the air pressure at an average rate of at least one pound in two minutes. All tanks and exposed work in connec- tion therewith above roofs must be painted with durable waterproof paint. If fire pumps are used as a source of supply such fire pumps, all connections thereto, all fittings thereof, capacities and locations, all shall be in accordance with the rules adopted by the National Fire Protection Association of the United States, and satisfactory to the Board of Public Works. Every automatic sprinkler system re- quired by the Ordinance to have more than twenty-five (25) sprinklers shall be provided with a sidewalk steamer con- nection equipped, with a two-way Si- amese inlet. , Such steamer connections shall be not less than four (4") inches in diameter and the Siamese inlet shall be of a size and tap that will permit the standard fire hose coupling of the Fire Department of the City of Los Angeles to be coupled therewith in the usual manner and shall have rubber gaskets on same. Siamese inlet valves shall be provided with check valves so made that they may be readily removed and repaired, and with hose swivels, gaskets, plugs and chains. The inlet connections shall be covered at all times with plug when not in actual use. There shall be a separate check valve provided in this steamer connection in- side the building. Sidewalk inlet Siam- ese connections shall be placed as close as possible to the face of building- and not over four (4') feet six (6") inches nor less than twelve (12") inches above the alley or sidewalk or ground grade directly un- der same. Adjoining- such inlet connections, there shall be securely attached to the building a cast iron, brass or bronze plate with raised letters thereon. Said plate shall be not less than eight (8") inches in length and four (4") inches in width and bear the inscription "Basement Sprin- klers" or "Cellar Sprinklers" or "Sub- basement Sprinklers," or "Upper Story Sprinklers," etc.. as the case may be. All piping for sprinklers shall be in- stalled without traps and shall be graded not less than one-quarter (1-4") inch In ten (10') feet to drain towards the sources of supply and shall be provided with drip valves at the low points. Each riser shall have a drip valve of not less than two (2") inch pipe and fittings. The piping connecting each source of water supplv with the sprinkler system shall be provided with a gate valve, so located as to control such source of water .'supply, except that from steamer con- nections. All such gate valves shall be located within the buildings where easily visible and readily accessible and as close as possible to the supply inlet. Each source of supply .•^hall also be provided 80 with a check valve. These check valves are to be properly located and arranged to control the supplies. E'ach separate feed main shall be pro- vided with a gate valve, so located as to be easily visible and readily accessible. BASEMENT SPRINKLERS Sec. 166. In every building' in fire dis- tricts numbers one (1), two (2), three (3) and four (4), containing a basement, sub-basement or cellar, there shall be installed and maintained in such base- ment, sub-basement or cellar an auto- matic sprinkler system in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance; except in buildings used exclusively for dwell- ings, flats, rooming houses, or portions of basements, sub-basements or cellars used for boiler rooms, bank vaults, safe de- posit vaults and garages; or in any por- tion of a basement used for living purposes in a hotel, tenement house or lodging house building . In every building heretofore or here- after constructed in fire districts num- bers one (1), two (2), three (3) and four (4), containing a basement, sub-basement or cellar, which basement, sub-basement or cellar is used or intended for use in whole or in part for the business of keep- ing, storing, manufacturing, repairing or working upon wooden baskets, rattan or cane goods or articles, tow, shavings, ex- celsior, oakum, rope, twine, string, thread bagging, paper, paper-stock, card-board, rags, cotton or linen, cotton or linen gar- ments or goods, rubber, feathers, paint, grease, soap, oil, varnish, or other in- flamable or explosive articles, sub- stances or commodities, there shall be installed and maintained in such base- ment, sub-basement or cellar, an auto- matic sprinkler system in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. Sec. 167. Exterior Standpipes required. Exterior standpipes shall be provided in buildings as follows: In all buildings four (4) stories or more in height, (except as elsewhere provided), there shall be provided one (1) exterior stand pipe at every standard fire escape, or fire escape and smoke tower. In the event that any building four (4) or more stories in height, by the pro- visions of this ordinance, is not required to have fire escapes thereon, then such building shall be equipped with exterior standpipes, based on the floor area of such building, computed on same ratio as by this ordinance provided for fire es- capes according to the class and the purpose for which such building is de- signed, built or intended to be used. Theaters and Motion Picture Shows: Theaters and motion picture .shows shall be provided with standpipes for connec- tions thereto by the Fire Department of the City of Los Angeles as required un- der the section of this ordinance govern- ing theatres. The Board of Public A^^orks shall have the power, and it shall be its duty to de- termine the location of all exterior standpipes, connections, inlets and out- lets, in all cases where the location there- of is not specifically fixed by this ordi- nance. Sec. 168. EXTERIOR STANDPIPES. All exterior standpipes required by this ordinance shall be standard weight wrought iron or steel screw piping. Siuh piping shall be thoroughly reamed. All pipe fittings shall be cast iron or mallea- ble iron with standard threads. Ever>- elbow used on such exterior standpipes shall be of a radius of not less than four (4) times its diameter. Branch or Sia- mese fittings shall be wrought iron, mal- leable iron, steel, brass or l^ronze. Inlet and outlet connections, together with the valve or valves thereof, and the connection caps and chains shall be of brass or bronze. Every inlet and outlet connection, Ijranch or Siamese fittings shall be not less than three (3") inches inside- diameter. All inlet and outlet connections shall be of the size and tapping that will per- mit the standard tire hose coupling of the p-ire Department of the City of Los .An- geles to be coupled therewith in the usual manner; and have rubber gaskets on same. All inlet and outlet connections (when not in actual use) shall be covered .at .all times with a threaded cap of form ap- proved by the Fire Department of the City of Los Angeles and this caj) shall be permanently attached to the connection with a chain. All valves for exterior standpipe out- lets shall be standard double wedge disc, non-rising stem, stuffing box pattern, wheel handle, gate valves constructe(l and installed in such a manner that they may be readily repaired. All side-walk inlet valves shall be pro- vided with check valves, hose swivels, lilugs and chains so made that the check valves may be readily removed and re- paired. All exterior standpipes after erection and completion of same in the building shall be tested and approved by the Fire Department of the City of Los Angeles to a hydrostatic pressure of three hundred jDounds per square inch throughout entire installation. It shall be the duty of every person erecting or installing any such standpipes to notify the Board of Public Works and the Chief Engineer of the Fire Depart- ment in writing when the same are com- pleted and ready to be tested. Exterior standpipes may be placed on either the interior or exterior sde of the exterior walls of the building, or may be imbedded therein. If placed on the in- terior or exterior side of said walls, they shall be attached thereto as closely as possible; if on the interior side of wall or imbedded therein, they shall be thorough- ly fireproofed with not less than two (2") inches of brick, concrete or tile. If the standpipe be exposed on outside of wall, no portion of the sidewalk inlets shall project more than three (3") inches beyond the street face of the vertical pip- ing. All vertical piping shall be securely an- chored to the walls, and be properly sup- ported so that .any settlement that may occur in the walls will not affect such piping. All exterior standpipes shall extend from sidewalk inlets to and over the roof: they shall be provided with sidewalk in- let connections, with outlet connections and gate valves at each story and at the roof. All outlets and inlets shall be on ex- terior of buildings. Sidewalk inlet connections shall be placed on the building so as to be not 81 JAMES JONES COMPANY BRASS WORKS MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS FITTINGS FOR WATER, GAS AND STEAM. BRASS HOSE GOODS ORNAMENTAL BRONZE CASTINGS PLUMBERS- BRASS SPECIALTIES 201 LeRoy Street Los Angeles, Cal. over four feet six inches (4' 6") nor less than twelve (12"> inches above the side- walk, or alley grade directly under same. Adjoining such sidewalk inlet connec- tions, there shall be securely attached to the building a cast iron, brass or bronze plate wth raised letters thereon; said plate shall be not less than eight inches (S") in length and four Inches (4") in width and bear the inscription "Exterior Standpipes". Roof outlets shall discharge horizontal- ly and be placed not closer than twelve (12") inches to the roof surface directly under same. Outlets at each story above first story shall be placed not more than two feet six inches (2' 6") nor less than twelve inches (12") above window or door sills nor more than four feet (4') above the floors of fire escape balconies, nor nearer than twelve inches (12") to any portion of fire escapes. Gate valves shall be installed with stems vertical, closing downward. Gate valves and outlets above the first story where access to same is from the interior of the building through doors or windows, sliall be placed in the reveal of the openings of such doors or windows, or may be placed parallel to the walls not more than eight (8") inches there- from and on a line flush with the reveal of such openings. Every exterior standpipe adjacent to fire escapes or to fire escape and smoke tower, shall be parallel and close thereto, with valves located so as to be readily accessible therefrom. The sizes of exterior standpipes, also the sizes and forms of outlet and inlet connections shall be in accordance with the following table: EXTERIOR STANDPIPE SIZES AND CONNECTIONS. Height of Building Main Pipe Size Four and Five Stories 4" Six and Seven Stories 5" Eight and over 6" Sidewalk Connection 2-way Siamese 4-way Siamese 4-way Siamese Intermediate Story Connection Single gate Single gate Single gate Roof Connection 2-way Siamese and gate 3-way Siamese and gate 3-way Siamese and gate Sec. 169. Inferior Stand Pipes Required. Interior standpipes shall be provided on the interior of buildings as follows: Class "A" Buildings: In every build- ing of Class "A" construction, three (3) stories or more in height, there shall be at least one interior standpipe for every ten thousand (10,000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Class "B" and "C" Buildings: In every building of Class "B" or "C" construction three (3) or more stories in height, there shall be at least one interior stand pipe for every five thousand (.5000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Cliss "D" Build'ngs: In every building; of Class "D" construction, three (3) or more stories in heighr, there shall be at least one interior stand pipe for every four thousand (4000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Theatres and Motion Picture Shows: Theatres and motion picture shows shall be provided with interior standpipes, valves and hose as required under the sections of this ordinance governing thea- tres. Where Not Required: Provided, how- ever, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to buildings designed, built, or intended to be used exclusively for dwelling houses, churches, breweries, ice houses, cold storage plants, or grain elevators, nor in any building or portion thereof wherein is installed an automatic sprinkler system constructed in accord- ance with the provisions of this ordi- nance. INTERIOR STANDPIPES Sec. 170. All interior standpipes re- quired by this ordinance shall be gal- vanized wrought iron or galvanized steel, screw piping. Such piping shall be thoroughly reamed. 82 All pipe littii)f4S ;ind nipples shall be galvanized. All hose fittings and nozzles shall be of brass or bronze. All interior standpipes shall extend from the lowest basement or cellar to and above the roof with outlets at each story and above the roof, one outlet always shall be ad.lacent to every boiler room; one outlet shall be placed in each store on the first floor and in the basement un- der such stores of every building. Interior standpipes shall be connected directly with the city water main; the connections, meter and tap shall be not less in diameter than the diameter of the standpipes connected thereto. All interior outlets shall be placed not to exceed six (6) feet above the levels of the various floors. Roof outlets shall discharge horizontal- ly, and must be placed not closer than twelve inches fl2") to the roof surface directly under same. Each outlet of each interior standpipe shall be provided with a wheel handle, brass globe valve, or a wheel handle, brass angle valve, or a wheel handle, brass gate valve; each such valve must be equipped with a soft disc or seat. Connected to each such valve, except the roof valve, there shall be an unlined linen hose not less than one and one-half inch (1%") in diameter, bearing the label of approval of the National Fire Protection Association of the United States, of suffi- cient length to reach all parts of the floor area served by this standpipe, equipped with a suitable fire nozzle. This hose shall be coiled on an approved standard form of wall hose reel or rack. All valves and hose shall be so in- stalled and located as to be readily ac- cessible at all times. The minimum size of each outlet on all interior standpipes shall be one and one- half (11/2") inch. The minimum size of all interior stand- pipes in all buildings of three and four stories in height shall be one and one- half (11/2") inch. The minimum size of all interior stand- pipes in all buildings five (.5) or more storie.s jn height shall be two (2") inches except that any branch to an.v single out- let may be one and one-half (1%") inch. In every building eight or "more stories in height, each of the standpipes shall be connected with the tank placed above the roof of such building, said tank shall contain not less than one thousand (1000) gallons of water. Every such tank shall be provided with a water supply not less than two (2) inches in diameter. If such tank be a non-pressure tank, it shall be provided with a two (2) inch ball cock and copper float, also a swing check valve on the standpipe, close to the tank and a .swing check valve on the stand- pipe in the basement or cellar. If such tank be a pressure tank, the standpipe shall be provided with a swing check valve in the basement or cellar. The Board of Public Works shall have the power and it shall be its duty to de- termine the location of all interior standpipes wherever the location thereof is not specifically fixed by this Ordinance. BASEMENT PIPE INLETS Sec. 171. Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floors of every store, warehouse or factory where there are cellars or basements under same, ex- cept where in such cellars or basements there is installed an automatic sprinkler system, connected with the City water main in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, or where the cellars or basements are used for banking pur- poses or safe deposit vaults. All basement pipe mlets shall be of cast iron, steel, brass or bronze, with lids of cast brass or bronze. All such pipe inlets shall consist of a •sleeve through the floor extending to the ceiling below, with a flange at the bot- tom thereof finished against the ceiling and with a top flange, recessed with an inside shoulder to receive the lid. The lid shall be a solid casting and have a ring lift recessed in the top there- of, so as to be fiush. The lid shall have the words, "Fire Dept. Only. Do Not Cover Up" cast in the top thereof. The top flange, lid of the inlet and the finish floor surface shall be flush. The lid shall be installed in such a manner as to readily permit its removal from the inlet. Clear diameter of the opening and sleeve shall be not less than' eight (8") inches. One basement pipe inlet shall be pro- vided for every three thousand (3000) square feet of floor area of cellars or basements or fractional part thereof; provided, that at least , oiie such inlet shall be provided for every sub-division of any basement or cellar exceeding one thousand (1000) square feet in floor area. Such basement pipe inlets shall be lo- cated so as to be satisfactory to the Board of Public Works and readily ac- cessible at all times to the Fire Depart- ment. Sec. 173. Artificial Stone. Artificial stone made of Portland cement and in- combustible and fire and water proof ma- terial may be used as a substitute for any natural stone, provided that no artificial stone containing more than fifteen (15) per cent, of lime or limestone as an in- gredient shall be used as a, lintel or bear- ing part in buildings ' bvei' three (3) stories in height; provided further that the factor of safety shall be not less than ten. : ■: .' ' No exterior or interior exposed walls of any building within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 shall be con- structed of hollow concrete 'blocks. No exterior or interior exposed walls of any building more than two stones in height in the City of Los Angeles shall be con- structed of hollow concrete blocks. Where hollow concrete blocks are used in the construction of exterior or bear- ing walls, such walls shall be construct- ed of the same thickness as required for brick walls; provided, however, that such hollow blocks .shall be made with sohd connecting web not less than two inches thick and connecting web shall be not more than twelve inches apart; provided, however, that the hollow space in any such hollow concrete block shall not ex- ceed 25 per cent, of the whole block Every wall built of such hollow concrete blocks .shall be laid up, iiti cement mortar and .shall be capable of sustaining a load 83 BRASS STAND PIPE VAIVES AND FinriNGS PLUMBER BRASS GOODS Manufacturers PRICE-CORCORAN-PFISTER CO. 2923 HUMBOLDT STREET LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA East 638 TESTS of BUILDING MATERIAL Large, Well Equipped Physical Testing and Chemical Laboratories SMITH, EMERY & CO. SAN FRANCISCO LOS ANGELES of eight tons per square foot of sectional area. PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND IN- SPECTION, (Concrete Construction) Sec. 174. (a) Betore a permit is granted to construct, erect, alter, or re- pair any reinforced concrete building or other structure, or for any reinforcecl concrete construction in or upon any building or other structure, the applicant for such permit shall file -with the Board of Public Works, complete plans, draw- ings, specifications and details, showing the size, position and reinforcement of structural members and schedules of the loads for all columns, girders, beams and joists. Such plans, drawing and .specifications shall exhibit the approval and signature of a licensed architect. (b) The figured dimensions of all 'walls, columns, girders, beams and slabs as shown on said plans, shall indicate and denote the full solid thickness of the concrete only, exclusive of plastering or cement finish. (c) The architect, owner, builder or other person immediately in charge of the con.struction of any reinforced concrete building or other structure shall at all times during the placing of the reinforc- ing iron or steel and the mixing and de- positing of concrete, maintain an inspec- tor duly qualified and competent, to see that the provisions of this ordinance, re<¥- ulating the construction of reinforced con- crete buildings or other structvn-es, are properly complied with. Every such in- spector who shall fail, refuse or neglect to immediately stop the construction oi any such reinforced concrete work which fails to comply with the I'equirements of this oidinance or the aporoved plans and specifications and immediately report any such violation to his employer and to the Board of Public Works of the Cit.v 84 of Los Angeles, shall be deemed guilty of a niisdemeanoi', and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine of not more than Five Hundred ($500.00) Dollars or by imprisonment in the city jail foi- not more than six (6) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. SEC. 175 (a) CONCRETE: For the pur- pose of this ordinance, concrete shall be deemed to be a mixture of Portland ce- ment, sand, rock and fresh water. (b) PLAIN OR NON-REINFORCED CONCERETE: J'lain or non-reinforced concrete shall be deemed to be concrete in which no iion or steel is imbedded, and shall be used onlv in comoression. (c) REINFORCED CONCRETE: Rein- forced concrete shall be deemed to be concrete in which iron or steel is im- bedded in such a manner that the com- bined concrete and iron or steel do sus- tain all the stresses imposed thereon. (d) Cement: Cement shall be deemed to be Portland Cement. (e) PORTLAND CEMENT: Portland cement shall be deemed to be the finely pulverized product resulting from cal- cination to incipient fusion of an inti- mate mixture of properlv proportioned argillaceous and calcareous materials to with no addition greater than three (3%) per cent has been made subsequent to calcination. (f) SAND. Sand shall be deemed to be bank or river sand, or flnelv divided rock of an>' hard variety, passing a quarter CA) inch screen, which .shall not contain more than five (5%) per cent by volume of loam, silt, mica or organic matter and not more than thirty (30%) per cent shall pass a thirty (30) mesh screen. The graduation froin coarse to fine shall be reasonablv uniform. (g) UNSCREENED GRAVEL: Un- screened bank or river gravel shall be well graded and contain not more than fl'fty (50O'r) per cent of sand, -which sand shall meet the requirements of this ordi' nance. (h) SCREENED GRAVEL: Screened gravel shall be hard and clean, and a well graded mixture running from a quar- ter (1/4) inch diameter to sizes herein- after specified for crushed rock. The gravel shall be free from any coating of clav, oil or other jnaterial. (I) CRUSHED ROCK: Granite bould- ers or any hard rock, except rock carry- ing a large amount of mica may be crushed for use in concrete. For reinforced concrete floor slabs, thin partitions, beams, girders, and for col- lunns, the lock shall be a v^-ell graded mixture running from one -quarter (i/4) inch diameter to rock passing through a seven-eighths (7-8) inch ring. For reinforced concrete walls, footings and piers, the rock shall be a well graded mixture running from one-quarter (V^) inch diameter to rock passing through a one and one-half dVz^ inch ring. For heavy walls, piers and mass con- crete work the rock .shall be a well graded mixture running from one-quarte' (1/4) inch diameter to rock passing through a two and one-half (2%) inch ring. (j) REINFORCING STEEL: For the purpose of this ordinance "Billet steel cqncrete reinforcement bars" shall be deemed to be bars made by the Bessemer or open-hearth process and all such bars shall be rolled from new billets. "Rail steel concrete reinforcement bars" shall be deemed to be bars rolled from standard section Tee rails. "Rerolled steel concrete reinforcement bars" shall be deemed to be bars made by a semi -open -hearth process from se- lected steel scrap rolled into bars, or bil- lets, which having been cut to the proper lengths, and reheated to the proper tem- perature, are rolled into the finished bar. TESTS OF CEMENT Sec. 176. All cement used for rein- forced concrete construction shall be tested as herein provided. All cement for plain or non -reinforced tioncrete construction where the required total for one buildin.g exceeds one hun- dred barrels, shall be tested as herein provided. One complete test shall be made of each two hundred barrels of cement or frac- tional part thereof. The tests shall be made on a properly mixed sample, com- posed of portions which have been drawn from every tenth barrel. All cement shall be stored in such man- ner as to permit of easy access for the proper inspection and identification of each shipment. All cement shall he delivered in suit- able pacKages with the brand and name of the manufacturer plainly marked thereon. Cement may be sampled at the mill or on the work. All tests of cement, except as otherwise herein provided, shall be made in accord- ance with the methods adopted August 16th, 1909. by the American Society for Testing Materials, Sand all subsequent amendments thereto or thereof, and tr>o cement shall conform to all of the fol- lowing requirements: (a) SPECIFIC GRAVITY: The specific gravity' shall be not less than three and ten hundredths (o.lO). Should the test fall below this requirement, a second test may be made on a sample ignited at a low red heat. The loss in weight of this ignited cement shall not exceed four (4%) per cent. (b) FINENESS: A residue of not more than eight (S%) per cent Ijy weight shall be left on the No. 100 (one hundred) sieve, and not more than twenty-five (25%) per cent on the No. 200 (two hun- dred) sieve. (c) TIME OF SETTING: It shall not develop initial set in less than one (1) hour, and hard set in less than two (2) hours nor more than ten (10) hours. (d) TENSILE STRENGTH: The mini- mum requirements for tensile strength for briquettes one (1) square inch in cross section shall be as follows, and tin- cement shall show no retrogression in strength within the periods specified. AGE STRENGTH Neat cement, 24 hours in moist air 200 lbs. Neat cement, 1 day in moist air, 6 days in water 500 Has. I part cement, 3 parts Standard Ottawa sand, 1 day in moist air, 6 days in water 200 ll>s. (e) CONSTANCY OF VOLUME: Pats of neat cement about three (3) inches in diameter, one-half (V2) inch thick at cen- ter, tapering to a thin edge shall be kept in moist air for a period of twenty-fortr 85 m\ The Derby Racer of Ocean Park It is built with KELLAbTONE Manufacturers of CRACK-PROOF EXTERIOR PLASTER. COMPOSITION FLOORS. DRAIN-BOARDS, ETC. KELLASTONE in Permanent Colors Now Here Overcoating of old buildings with Kellastone one of our specialities Every ton of Kellastone carries our guarantee Kellastone Manufacturing Company, Inc. CHANNING AND ATLANTIC STREETS LOS ANGELES, CAL. Bdwy. 1696 S AIVD Our Two Plants Guarantee Service and Satisfaction Plaster Sand Brick Sand Concrete Sand I |/2-in. Crushed Rock I -in. Screened Rock CONSUMERS ROCK & GRAVEL CO. 23762 27th and Alameda Sts. So. 2970 WESTERN ROCK & SAND CO. 29976 2600 East 26th St. So. 7047 CRUSHED ROCK QUALITY RIP -RAP SERVICE WASHED GRAVEL AND SAND PROMPT DELIVERIES GUARANTEED RUSSELL-GREENE-FOELL CO. Home 22959 — South 2959 Crushing Plant, Crushton, Cal. Both Phones: Covina 320 2644 Compton Ave., Los Angeles Quarries at Declez, Cal. Sunset, Riverside 83 2 R3 86 BAKER IRON WORKS 912-982 NORTH BROADWAY LOS ANGELES, CAL. PASSENGER AND FREIGHT ELEVATORS ELECTRIC DUMB WAITERS PLATE, TANK & PIPE WORK STEAM BOILERS STRUCTURAL STEEL CONTRACTORS LLEWELLYN IRON WORKS Sunset East 28 Home 10977 STRUCTURAL WORKS ROLLING MILLS LOS ANGELES. CAL. TORRANCE. CAL. Reinforcing Bars — Structural Material Elevators, Tanks, Boilers and Machinery of Every Description WHEN YOU WANT A SPECIAL BUILDING MATERIAL OR CONTRACTORS^ EQUIPMENT SEE J. E. DWAN A-1637 602 CITIZENS NAT'L BANK BLDG. Bdwy. 3575 (24) hours, then subjected to the follow- (f) SULPHURIC ACID AND MAG- ing tests: NESIA: The cement shall not contain 1. A pat shall be kept in air at normal more than two per cent (2%) of anhy- temperature and observed at intervals for drous sulphuric acid (SOS), nor moj-e than at least six (6) days. Ave per cent (5%) of magnesia (MgO). 2. A second pat shall be kept in water („) tesT REPORTS: Every test of maintained as near seventy (70) degrees eenient reciuired by this ordinance shall F. as practicable and observed at inter- y^g made by a recognized, qualified e.\- vals for at least six (6) days. pert, who shall file in the office of the 3. A third pat shall be exposed in an Chief Inspector of Buildings a certified atmosphere of steam above boiling water, copv of all tests made by him. Such test in a loosely closed vessel, for five (,5) reports shall be made on blanks fur- hours, nished for that purpose by the Board of To pass the requirements satisfactorily Public Works and shall, in .addition to these pats shall remain firm and hard and such other data as inight be deemed show no signs of checking, cracking, dis- necessary by the Board of Public Works, tortion or disintegration. allege, "that the test was made per- 87 sonally or under the supervision oi' direc- tion of a recognized, ciualified expert .md that the said test was made in accord- ance with the provisions of this ordinance and the methods adopted by the Amer- ican Society for Testing ^Materials." Cement tests made by manufacturer or by any one in his employ will not i)e accepted. REINFORCING STEEL TESTS Sec, 177. AU steel used fur concrete reinforcement shall be either billet-steel concrete reinforcement bars, rail steel concrete reinforceinent bars, rerolled steel concrete reinforcement bars, or steel wire, and conform to the physical prop- erties of this ordinance hereinafter pro- vided. (a) BILLET-STEEL: These .-specifica- tions cover three classes of billet-steel concrete reinforcement bars, namel.v^ plain, deformed and cold-twisted. The plain and deformed bars are of two (2) grades, namely: structural steel and hard grade. Cold-twisted bar.'; shall be twisted cold with one complete twist in a length not over twelve (12) times the thickness of the bar. The bars shall conform to the follow- ing requirements as to tensile properties: TENSILE PROPERTIES Plain Bars Deformed Bars Cold Properties Structural Structural Twisted Considered Steel Grade Hard Grade Steel Grade Hard Grade Bars Tensile strength, lb. Recorded per sq. in 55,000—70,000 80,000 min. 5.i, 000—70.000 SO.oOO min. only. Yield point, min. lb. per sq. in 3.3,000 50,000 33,000 .50,000 55,000 Elongation in 8 in., min. per cent 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,250,000 1.000,000 5 Tens. str. Tens. str. Tens. str. Tens. str. The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam of the testing ma- chine. For plain and deformed bars over three- quarters (%) inch in thickness oi' diame- ter, a deduction of one (1) from the per- centages of elongation specified in "Ten- sile Properties" shall be made for each increase of one-eighth (%) inch in thick- ness or diameter above three-quarters (%) inch. For plain and deformed bars under seven-sixteenth (7-16) inch in thickness or diameter, a deduction of one (1) from the percentage of elongation specified in "Tensile Properties" shall be made foi- each decrease of one-sixteenth (1-16) inch in thickness or diameter below .seven-six- teenth (7-16) inch. The test specimen shall bend cold around a pin without cracking on the outside of the bent portion, as follows: Thickness or Diameter of Bar BEND TEST REQUIREMENTS Plain Bars Deformed Bars Structural Steel Grade Under % in 180 deg. d=;t % in. or over ISO deg. d = t Structural Cold Hard Grade Steel Grade Hard Grade Twisted Bars 180 deg. d=3t no deg. d=3t 180 deg. d = t no deg. d=2t 180 deg. d=4t no deg. d=r4t 180 deg. d=2t 180 deg. d=3t Explanatory Note: d=:the diameter of pin around which the specimen is bent. t^the thickness or diameter of the specimen. Tension and bent test specimens for plain and deformed bars shall be taken from the finished bars, and shall be of the full thickness oi- diameter of material as rolled; except that the specimens for deformed bars may be machined for a length of at least nine (9) inches, if necessary, to obtain uniform ci'oss-sec- tion. Tension and bend test specimens for cold-twisted bars shall be taken from the finished bars. The finished bars shall be free from injurious defects and shall ha\e a woi-k- manlike finish. (b) RAIL-STEEL: These specifica- tions cover three cla.'' the American Society for Testing Mater- ials." CONCRETE PROPORTIONS AND MIX- ING. Sec. 178 (a) PROPORTIONS: The pro- portions for conciete u.'-ed in concrete construction, shall be of three (3) grades of mixtures, which aie herein defined and con.'-ist cf the following proportions of cement and aggregate: GRADE 1 CONCRETE: Grade 1 con- crete shall be a mixture of one (1) part cement: two and one-half (2%) parts 90 .sand, and three and one-half (3%) parts of crushed rock or screened gravel. GRADE 2 CONCRETE: Grade 2 con- crete shall be a mixture of one (1) part cement; three (3) part.s sand and four and one-half (4%) part.s of crushed rock or screened gravel. GRADE 3 CONCRETE: Grade 3 con- crete .shall be a mixture of one (1) part cement and seven (7) parts river or bank gravel. (b) UNIT MEASURE AND WEIGHTS: The unit measuie for proportions shall be the cubic foot. A sack containing ninety-four (94) pound.s net of cement, shall be deemed to be one (1) cubic foot. Four (4) such sacks of cement shall be deemed to be a barrel of cement. The fine and coarse aggregates shall be measured separately, as loosely thrown into the measuring receptacle, and shall be used in such relative proportions as will insure maximum density. Plain concrete shall be deemed to weigh one hundred forty-four (144) pounds per cubic foot. Reinforced con- crete shall be deeined to weigh one hun- dred fifty (150) pounds per cubic foot. (c) MIXING: Whenever the amount of concrete in any one building equals or exceeds one hundred (100) cubic yards, the concrete shall be mixed in a "Batch Mixer." If the amount of concrete be under one hundred (100) cubic yards, it may be mixed in a "Continuous Mixer" or it may be mixed by hand, in which lattei' case it shall be turned over at least twice dr\- and at least twice during the addition of water. If for any reason the concrete mixture separates, it shall be remixed before be- ing deposited. No concrete shall be used after it has acquired its initial set. UNIT STRESSES. Sec. 179 (a) Concrete construction shall be so designed that the following unit working stresses shall not be ex- ceeded. (b) COMPRESSION: Grade 1 Concrete: Extieme llbre stress under flexture, 650 lbs. per sq. in. Extreme fibre stress in compression at support of continuous beams, 750 lbs. per sq. in. Axial compression (on effective area) in column.s with vertical reinforcement and horizontal ties, 550 lb,"--, per sq. in. Axial compression (on effective area) in hooped columns with vertical reinforce- ment, 800 lbs. per sq. in. Grade 2 Concrete: Grade 2 concrete when used in retain- ing walls and foundations, shall not ex- ceed eighty (SO'/r) per cent of the stresses provided for in grade 1 concrete. In direct compression three hundred fifty (350) lbs. per .square inch. Grade 3 Concrete: Grade 3 concrete, in direct compression, two-hundred-fifty (250 > lbs. per square inch. (c) SHEAR: The maximum shearing stress in a section shall be used as a means of measuring the resistance to diagonal tension stre.vs and the following- values for the maximum vertical shear- ing stress shall be used. (1) For beams with horizontal bars only and without web reinforcement the shearing stress shall not exceed forty (40) lbs. per sq. in. (2) For beams thoroughly reinforced with web reinforcement the value of the shearing stress shall not exceed one- hundred-twenty (120) lbs. per sq. in. (3) Wlhere punching shear occurs, i. e., shearing stress uncombined with com- pression normal to the shearing surface and with all tension normal to the .shear- ing plane provided for by reinforcement; the shearing stress shall not exceed one- hundred-twenty (120) lbs. per sq. in. When reinforcement is used to increase the unit shear, the proportion of the unit shear taken by the concrete shall not exceed forty (40) lbs. per square inch and the reinforcement shall be sufficient to take the remainder. Stirrups shall not be placed further apart than two- thirds (2-3) of the effective depth of the beam if they are considered as adding to the shearing resistance. If unattached stirrups are used they shall pass under the main reinforcing bars. There shall be sufficient anchorage in the compres- sion portion of the beam to develop the stirrups without exceeding the bond stresses by this ordinance provided. If stirrups are attached to the reinforcing bars the connection must be sufficient to develop the elastic limit of the steel without causing slipping along the main bars. For beams of Tee section the web of the beam only shall be assumed to be effective for resisting shear. (d) ADHESION: Bond stress for plain hard grade bars, sixty (60) lbs. per sq. in. Bond stress for plain structural steel grade bars, eighty (80) lbs. per sq. in. Bond stress for twisted or deformed bars, one-hundred-twenty (120) lbs. per sq. in. (e) STEEL IN TENSION: (1) BILLET-STEEL CONCRETE RE- INFORCEMENT BARS: Structural steel grade, plain or deformed, forty-five (459r) per cent elastic limit but not to exceed sixteen-thousand (16,000) lbs. per sq. in. Cold twisted, forty-five (45%) pei- cent elastic limit, but not to exceed eighteen- thousand (18,000) lbs. per sq. in. Hard grade steel plain bars, foity-five (45%) per cent elastic limit, but not to exceed sixteen-thousand (16,000) lbs. per sq. in. Hard grade steel deformed bars, forty- five (45%) per cent elastic limit, but not to exceed seventeen -thousand (17,000) lbs. per sq. in. (2) RAIL-STEEL CONCRETE REIN- FORCEMENT BARS: Plain, hot-twisted or defoi'med bars, forty (40%) per cent elastic limit, but not to exceed fifteen thousand (15,000) lbs. per sq. in. (3) REROLLED STEEL CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT BARS: Plain, hot- twisted or deformed, forty (40%) per cent elastic limit, but not to exceed fourteen- thousand (14,000) lbs. per s'. (2) Girders and beams under concen- trated loads, shall be designed foi- actual moments. (3) No girder oi' beam shall project more than three (3) inches on either side beyontl the supporting column, reinforced conciete column cap. or bracket. (4) TEE' BEAMS: When the thick- ness of the slab i.^ at least one-seventh (1-7) of the total depth of the beam oi- girder, the beam and -a portion of the .- reinforcement under uniformly dis- tributed loads shall be designed for the same bending moments in each direction at the center of spans and over supports as specified for one-way reinforcement, whether simply supported, continuous over two (2) spans, or continuous over three (3) or more spans. For rectangular slabs, the distribution of loads in the two (2) directions shall be inversely as the fourth power of their two (2) dimensions. All two-way rein- forcements shall be placed at right angles to girders and beams supporting the slab. (3) EXPANDED METAL REINFORCE- MENT: Roof slabs supported by ma- sonry or steel construction may be rein- forced with an expanded metal reinforce- ment of not less than Number 24 gauge, in lieu of steel bars. All such metal re- inforcement shall be painted with or dip- ped in an efficient preservative. The tensile properties and unit working stress of expanded metal reinforcement shall be as in this ordinance provided for plain bars of structural steel grade Billet steel. All such slabs whether continuous or not shall be considered as single spans, simply supported and for uniforml.v dis- tributed loads shall be designed to resist a positive moment at the center of span of M equal "WTL-ZS. The end splices of the reinforcing metal shall occur only at the support and the sheets of the reinforcing metal shall over- lap the center of support not less than three (3") inches. All such sheets of re- inforcing metal shall be securely fastened together every two (2') feet along the sides and at every rib at the ends with No. 14 tie wire or by clinching of the lapped ribs. All such sheets of reinforc- ing metal .shall be rigidly attached tc-- supporting members and in the event such supporting members are steel, at- tachment shall be made by special clips or by No. 14 tie wire, such clips or tie wire to be spaced not more than seven (7") inches apart. During the construc- tion, planking and runs shall be provided so that the weight of workmen and ma- terial will not be carried by the reinforc- ing metal. The slab shall consist of two coats: One coat to be Grade 1 concrete inix- ture, at least two and one-half (21/2") inches thick, applied on top of the rein- forcing metal; and the other coat to be a mixture of one part Portland cement gauged with one-tenth (1-10) of its vol- ume of lime and two and one-half (2%) parts of clean sand (to which mixture there shall be added a small amount of hair to assist adhesion), at least three- quartei's (%") inch thick, applied on the under side of the reinforcing metal, (h) COLUMNS: (1) All concrete columns shall have vertical reinforcing steel. (2) No concrete column shall be re- inforced with less than four (4) three- quarter (%) roimd bars or foui- (4) five- eighths (%) inch square bars. (3) The effective area or section of a reinforced concrete column is that por- tion of the area of the column within the wrapping of the longitudinal steel; the area of the concrete outside of the verti- cal steel shall be considered as fire pro- tection only. (4) The latest dimension of effective area of columns supporting fioor and roof loads shall be seven (7) inches. (5) All columns eccentrically loaded or 93 columns with structural caps, braces, ov brackets or columns carrying gilders or beams with clear spans of thirty (30) feet or more shall be designed for flexure due to such loading in addition to the vertical load. (6) When the vertical steel in columns is not continuous, the load carried by the steel shall be transferred at any joint in the bars either by lapping of the steel or by dowels or splice bars of equivalent area. The laps, dowels or splice bars shall be of sufficient length to transfer the load of the upper steel. No dowe» or splice bar shall be of less area than is herein provided for column reinforce- ment. In lieu of the above method of transferring the stress in the vertical steel, tight fitting pipe sleeves may be used in which case the ends of the verti- cal steel shall be milled. In all cases splices shall occur at or near floor levels or points of lateral support. (7) The vertical steel of columns shall extend into either footings or other sup- ports far enough to develop the stress in the steel through adhesion as in this or- dinance allowed for unit bond stress or the load in the steel may be transferred by dowels as elsewhere in this ordinance provided. (8) Columns whose unsupported length does not exceed fifteen (15) times the least dimension of effective section shall be designed according to unit stresses elsewhere in this ordinance allowed. (9) Columns whose unsupported length does exceed fifteen (1.5) times the least dimension of effective section shall be de- -signed for working stresses given by the following reduction formula: L equal unsupported length. D equal minimum dimension of effec- tive section. P equal permissible working stress in columns with 1/d less than 15. r" equal P (1.6— l/25d). P equal permissible working stress when 1/d is less than 30 and greater than 15. No reinforced concrete columns shall be used whose unsupported length ex- ceeds thirty (30) times the least dimen- sion of effective section. (10) Columns with longitudinal rein- forcement only shall contain steel of not less than one (1%) per cent nor more than five (5%) per cent of the effective area. The reinforcement shall be thor- oughly tied at intervals not greater than the least dimension of the effective sec- tion; nor greater than fifteen (15) times the least dimension of the reinforcement used. Column ties shall be not less than three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch in dia- meter for vertical steel of less than one (1) inch in least dimension. Column ties for longitudinal reinforcement of one (1) inch and larger shall be not less than one-quarter C^A) of an inch in diameter. Circular bands or spirals of equivalent dimensions and facings may be used in lieu of column ties. (11) Hooped or banded columns having longitudinal reinforcement surrounded by circular spirals or bands, or columns with vertical reinforcement, spirally wrapped, Cthe steel being arranged to form a cir- cular core) shall contain reinforcement in the form of spirals or bands not less than one-half 0/2) of one (1%) per cent of the effective area. The spirals and bands shall be so spaced and be of such section as will develop the strength of the con- crete. This spacing shall not exceed three (3) inches. Steel wire used for hooped columns, shall be either "Cold drawn grade" or "Annealed grade," provided, however, that "Intermediate grade" may be used in lieu of the cold drawn or annealed, if such reinforcement be not less than three-fourths (%) of one per cent of the effective area, or if the concrete for such columns be a mixture of one part cement, two (2) parts sand and three (3) parts crushed rock or screened gravel. (12) Longitudinal reinforcement in hooped or banded columns shall be not less than six (6) bars, symmetrically ar- ranged about the axis of the column and of area not le.ss than one (1%) per cent nor more than seven and one-half (7%%) per cent of effective section. Colunm with core of diameter of sixteen (16) inches or more shall have not less than eight (8) bars nor shall any bar be spaced more than eight (8) inches apart along the circumference of bands or spir- als. WALLS. Sec. 181. (a) Bearing walls of brick, stone or concrete in buildings having re- inforced concrete columns, girders, beams or floor slabs, shall be of the same thick- ness as brick walls as in this ordinance provided. (b) Exterior walls in a reinforced con- crete building of skeleton construction, which are built as filler walls and carried solely upon girders, may be built of brick, stone, or plain concrete and shall be not less than twelve (12) inches thick — or filler walls may be built of reinforced concrete, and shall be not less than eight (8) inches thick and they shall have ver- tical and horizontal steel reinforcement on both sides not less than one (1) inch from the surface, capable of resisting an inward or an outward pressure of tliirty (30) pounds per square foot of area. In no case shall the reinforcing steel be less than six one-hundredths (6-100) square inch per lineal foot in each direction. FORMS. Sec. 182. (a) Forms and centering for concrete work .shall be amply strong and well braced so as not to deform, and all shoring or props shall be sufficiently strong and rigid to prevent any undue jarring of concrete while setting. (b) All forms must be so built as to allow thorough cleaning before concrete is deposited. (c) Columns and walls shall not be stripped in less than five (5) days; floor slabs, in not less than seven (7) days; and beams and girders in not less than fifteen (15) days; but in no case shall the forms or centering be removed until the concrete is capable of sustaining its own load and the added load of construction. LOAD TESTS. Sec. 183. (a) Load tests shall be made by the owner or contractor on any por- tion of any reinforced concrete building or structure in the course of erection or alteration that may be designated by the Board of Public Works. Such load test must be made within ten (10) days from date of notice so to do, but in no case shall the test be required by the Board of Public Works until the concrete (to be tested) is at least thirty (30) days old. 94 (b) Such portion of the building or structure being tested shall sustain with- out sign of failure twice the live load for which it is designated. Sec. 188. Hollow Terra Cotta Tile Blocks. Hollow terra cotta tile blocks shall not be used for exterior or interior walls within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, and 3, except as provided in this ordi- nance, and as a facing or veneer for brick work or masonry walls of standard thick- ness. Hollow terra cotta tile blocks may be used for the exterior walls of build- ings not more than two stories in height in any portion of the City of Los Angeles outside of the said Fire Districts Num- bers 1, 2, and 3 where the walls of such building, in which hollow terra cotta tile blocks are used, are of the same thick- ness as required for masonry walls under the same conditions, and all hollow terra cotta tile blocks so used, or otherwise used shall be laid up in cement mortar. All hollow terra cotta tile blocks used in the construction of any building shall conform to the following requirements: All tile used for structural purposes in buildings, shall be well manufactured free from checks and cracks. Each piece shall be molded square and true and shall be hard -burned and shall have a good clear ring. The tile block shall develop an ultimate cru.shing strength when burned, of not less than 3000 pounds per square inch. All computations as to thickness and strength of the walls of the tile shall be based upon a working strength of one- sixth the ultimate, equivalent to five hun- dred pounds per square inch. Whenever the Board of Public Works shall deem it necessary the owner or con- tractor shall make a test to ascertain the strength of any such tile used in the con- struction of a building or structure. Sec. 190. CONCRETE FOR FOUNDA- TIONS: The mixture for concrete for plain or non-reinforced concrete founda- tions shall consist of the proportions of cement and aggregate as set forth by Section 178 of this ordinance for grade one, grade two or grade three concrete. Sec. 191. Alteration of Existing Build- ings. It shall be unlawful for any per- son, firm or corporation to enlarge, alter, raise, build upon or move any frame or wooden building from one place to an- other within Fire Districts Numbers 1. 2 and 3, or from a place without such Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3 to a place within such Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, and 3, provided, however, that when any part of any existing building within such Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3 is taken foi- the public use by condemnation, for street or other purposes, it shall be lawful to repair the remaining portion of such building with the same material or materials, of the same or similar kind as those of which the remaining portion of such building is constructed; or if there is sufficient ground in the same lot or premises upon which such building exists, such building may be moved as far as may be necessary to clear that portion of the lot or premises taken for such public use; and if there is not sufficient ground for such purposes such building may be moved elsewhere outside of Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, and provided fur- ther, that when any existing wooden building within such Fire Districts Num- bers 1, 2 and 3 is altered or repaired as to the street front or as to the interior or such building only, it shall be lawful to make such alterations or repairs to the satisfaction of and under the supervision of the Board of Pubhc Works, with ma- terials of the same kind as those of which the remaining portion of such building is constructed. Sec. 192. Buildings or Structures Dam- aged 40%. It shall be unlawful lor any person, firm or corporation to repair any frame or wooden building within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3 of the City of Los Angeles, that has been injured more than forty per cent of its actual value by wear and tear, or by the action of the elements, or by fire. Whenever it shall be brought to the attention of the Board of Public Works that any such building is injured more than forty per cent of its actual value by wear and tear, or by the action of the elements, or by fire, said Board shall notify the owner, person in charge, lessee, or occupant thereof, in writing, of such fact and shall require such owner, person in charge, les.see or occupant of such building to demolish such building, or remove the same outside of Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, within such time, not less than ten days, as may be fixed by the said Board and specified in such notice. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to repair or recon- struct any wooden roof of any building within Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3, except in accoidance with the provisions of this ordinance for the construction of new roofs within such Fire Districts Numbers 1, 2 and 3. Sec. 193. Buildings Dangerous or Un- safe. Whenever any structure or any part thereof is dangerous to per.sons or property, or is unsafe for the purpose for which it is used, or is in danger of fire from any defect in its construction. o»- the doors, passageways or starways of any structure are insufficient for the es- cape of the occupants in case of fire, the Board of Public Works shall notify the owner, person in charge or occupant thereof, in writing, requiring such owner, person in charge or occupant forthwith to remove, demoli.sh or repair the same, or to make such alterations therein as may be necessary to make such structure conform to the ordinances of the City of Los Angeles, and the person receiving such notice .shall, within forty-eight hours thereafter, commence the work required by said notice to be done, and shall dili- gently prosecute the same to completion. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use or to permit the use of any such structure or part thereof, described in said notice, unless such structure shall have been made to conform to the ordinances of said city; provided, however, that if such structure shall be a reviewing stand, heretofore constructed, and any part thereof shall be dangerous to persons or property, or unsafe for the purpose for which it is used, the same shall be so repaired as, upon the completion of such repairs, to be capable of sustaining a weight of one hundred pounds for each square foot of its seating and standing surface; and be- fore such reviewing stand so repaired is used, the owner, lessee or person in charge thereof, shall make such tests of 95 the strength thereof as said Boanl shall presci'ibe. Sec. 194. Arbitration. Appeal may be taken from the order of the Board of Pviblic Works under Sections 192 and 193, as follows: Such appeal must be taken within five days after the service of the notice froin the Board of Public Works provided to be given to the owner, person in charge or occupant of the building or structure as provided in Sections 192 and 193 hereof, by tiling with said Board a request in writing for arbitration, which shall state the subject of the proposed arbitration and the name of the person who is to represent the appellant as ar- bitrator. The Board of Public Works shall thereupon furnish to the appellant a statement of the cost of such arbitra- tion, and such appellant shall within twenty-four hours from the titne of filing the original request for arbitration de- posit with the Board of Public Works the sum of money required for defraying the expenses of the same, which sum shall in each case be fixed by said Board of Pub- lic \^1orks in proportion to the difficulty and importance of the case, but shall in no case be more than the cost of similar service in the course of ordinary business. As soon as such sum of money shall have been deposited with the Board of Public Works they shall appoint an arbitrator to represent the city, and the two arbitrat- ors thus appointed shall select a third arbitrator. Arbitrators shall be compe- tent builders, architects or engineers who shall, after investigating the facts, make a decision. A majorit>- report from the arbitrators shall be final and binding up- on the appellant as well as upon the city, and shall be rendered in writing to the Board of Public Works and to the appel- lant. The fee deposited by the appellant with the Board of Public Works shall be paid to the arbitrators upon the rendering of their decision and shall be in full for all costs incident to the arbiti'ation. ^Vhenever the order of the Board of Public Works upon the safety of any building, or any part thereof, is made iii a case so urgent that failure to promptly carry out orders to demolish or strength- en such building or part thereof may en- danger life or limb, the order of the Board of Public Works shall be final without recourse to arbitration. Sec. 195. Power to Stop Work. When- ever it shall be. brought to the attention of the Board of Public Works that any building is being constructed, altered, re- paired, raised, built upon, moved, or de- molished contrary to or in violation to the provisions of this oidinance, the said Board shall have power and is hereby authorized to revoke the permit for such work and to order the constiaiction, al- teiation, repair, raising, building upon, moving or demolition of .such building to be stopped, and to notify in writing any peison in any manner engaged in or caus- ing any such work to be done, to forth- with desist therefrom; and it shall be un- lawful for any person to continue or fur- ther prosecute, or to cause the continu- ance or further prosecution of any sucii work in any manner after service of such notice, unless a new permit therefor shall be granted by the said Board of Public Works pursuant to the provisions of this ordinance. Sec. 196. Interference with Board of Public Works. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, in any way to liinder or prevent the Board of Public Works or any of its deputies, or inspectors, or any other duly authorized officers, from entering or inspecting, dur- ing business hours, any building already erected, or any building in coiu'se of con- struction, alteration, repair, removal or demolition; provided that no such deput>-, inspector or officer shall be authorized lo enter any dwelling house after the same is occupied without the consent of the oc- cupant thereof. Sec. 197. In buildings of Class "A" con- struction every basement, sub-basement or cellar or portion thereof used, or in- tended to be used for the exhibition or goods, wares or merchandise, or used, or intended to be used for the sale of goods, wares or merchandise at retail, shall be provided with the number of stairways coinputed upon the flooi- area of such basement, sub-basement or cellar, or por- tion thereof so used as above provided, and which stairways shall be of the mini- mum width based upon such floor area as provided in the following schedule, to wit: For every three thousand five hundred square feet or fraction thereof of such floor area, not less than one stairway of not less than five feet in width. Not less than one stairway of not less than five feet in width for every 3,500 square feet, or fraction thereof, of such floor area. Not less than two stairways of not less than five feet in width where such floor area exceeds 3,500 square feet and does not exceed 12,500 square feet; provided, however, that not less than three inches in width shall be added to each such stairway for every 1000 square feet, oi- fractional part thereof, of such floor area in excess of 7,000 square feet of such floor area up to 12,500 square feet of such, floor area. Not less than three stairways of not less than five feet in width where such floor area exceeds 12,500 square feet and does not exceed 20,000 squaie feet: pro- vided, however, that not less than two inches in width shall be added to each such stairway for every 1,000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, of such floor area in excess of 10,500 square feet but not exceeding 20,000 square feet of such floor area. Not less than four stairways of not less than five feet in width where such floor area exceeds 20,000 square feet and does not exceed 27,000 square feet; pro- vided, however, that not less than one and one-half inches in width shall be added to each such stairway for every 1000 square feet, or fractional part there- of, of such floor area in excess of 14,000 squai'e feet but not exceeding 27,000 square feet of such floor area. Not less than five stairways of not less than five feet in width where sugh floor area exceeds 27,000 square feet and does not exceed 37,000 square feet; provided, however, that not less than one and one- quarter inches in width shall be added to each such stairway for every 1000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, of such flooi' area in excess of 17,500 square feet but not exceeding 37,000 square feet of such floor area. Not less than six stairways of not less than five feet in width wheie such floor 96 area exceeds 37,000 square feet and does not exceed 48,000 square feet; provided, however, that not less than one inch in width shall be added to each such stair- way for every 1000 square feet, or frac- tional part thereof, of such floor area in excess of 21,000 square feet but not ex- ceeding 48,000 square feet of such floor area. Not less than seven stairways of not less than five feet in width where such floor area exceeds 48,000 square feet and does not exceed 60,000 square feet; pro- vided, however, that not less than one inch in width shall be added to each such stairway for every 1000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, of such floor area in excess of 24,500 square feet but not exceeding 60,000 square feet. Not less than eight stairways of not less than five feet in width where such floor area exceeds 60,000 square feet; pro- vided, however, that not less than one inch in width shall be added to each such stairway for every 1000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, of such floor area in excess of 28,000 square feet of such floor area. In buildings of Class "B", Class "C" or Class "D" construction every basement, sub-basement or cellar used, or intended to be used, for the exhibition of goods, wares or merchandise, or for the sale thereof, at retail, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than five feet in width for every three thousand square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area of such basement. Every stairway constructed in any building or Class "A", Class "B", Class "C", or Class "D" construction shall be constructed without winders and shall have a hand rail on each side thereof. Such stairways shall be as far removed from each other as practicable and the width of the main aisles leading thereto shall be not less than the full width of such stairway or stairways. In every basement or cellar containing an even number of stairways one half thereof shall open directly to a street or alley. In the event any such basement or cellar contains an uneven number of stairways the greater portion of such stairways shall open directly to a street or alley; provided, however, that if there be but one such stairway in any such basement, such stairway shall open di- rectly to a street or alley. Sec. 199. Steel Frame Towers. Steel frame towers may be constructed upon the ground or upon a building of Class "A" construction in the manner provided in this section. The base of each such tower shall be rectangular in shape. The shortest side of the base shall not be shorter than one- tenth of the height of the tower. Hori- zontal cross ties shall be constructed on each side of such tower not more than twelve and one-half feet apart. E'ach such tower shall be braced with diagonal bracing in such manner that the same will withstand a wind pressure of thirty pounds per square foot in every direction, with a factor of safety of six. Each such tower shall be of steel frame construction and no part of the same shall be enclosed. The working stress of steel used in any such tower shall be as follows: Compres- sive stress, not more than 8350 pounds per square inch; tensile stress not more than 10,000 pounds per square inch. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, constructed or maintained, any tower upon any building except a build- ing of Class "A" construction. If the foundation of such tower shall rest upon such a building, such founda- tion and the connection thereof with the building shall be of sufficient strength to .support the tower. If such tower shall be built upon the ground the minimum depth of the foundation of such tower shall be ten feet, and a greater depth may be required by the Board of Public Works whenever in the judgment of said Board such greater depth is necessary. Before any permit shall be issued for i the construction of any such tower, plans 1 and specifications therefor shall be filed | with the Board of Public Works in the ^ mannei- required by this ordinance for other structures, which plans and specifi- cations shall contain a stress sheet and a stress diagram, shall show the manner of construction of such tower, and if such tower is to be constructed upon a build- ing such plans and specifications shall show the construction of such building in the manner of connecting such tower to such building. Sec. 200. Cold Storage Buildings. Every cold storage building and every building devoted to refrigerating purposes shall be of Class "A", Class "B", Class "C" or Class "D" construction; provided, how- ever, that all columns and girders of ev- ery such building of Class "C" constrvic- tion supporting wooden floors may be of wood ; provided further, that when the exterior masonry walls of any such build- ing of Class "B" or Class "C" construc- tion are insulated with wooden studding, which studding contains a cross section area sufficient to sustain the internal loads of the building computed at 1500 pounds to the square inch of section of such studding and not less than two by six inches in cross section, then the ex- terior masonry walls of the upper two stories shall be not less than twelve inches in thickness, and the walls of each two stories below the upper two stories .shall be four inches thicker than the walls of the two stories next above; pro- vided further, that every such wall shall be of the standard thickness prescribed in Section 112 of this ordinance if such wall exceeds one hundred feet in length without intersecting division walls of ma- sonry of the standard thickness prescribed elsewhere in this ordinance. The provisions of this ordinance relat- ing to the construction of interior stair- ways in buildings shall not apply to any building or structure or to any portion of any building or structure or any addi- tion thereto which is used exclusively for the creation of low atmospheric teinpera- tm-es and the transmission of the same to cold storage compartments by means of refrigerating pipes and no portion of which is used for the storage of goods, wares or meichandise. Sec. 201. All inetal lath required on ceilings or soffit of stairs by this ordi- nance, shall be securely fastened to the joists or furring strips, where such fur- ring strips are of wood, by means of wire staples not less than three-quarter 97 inch in length and spaced or driven not more than eight inches apart. Where such furring strips are of metal such metal lath shall be securely fastened to such furring strips with galvanized iron wire of not less than No. 14 gauge; pro- vided, however, that metal lath con- structed with steel ribs, not less than one- half inch in width, and spaced not more than eight inches apart, may be fastened to the joists by means of barbed roof nails, not less than one inch in length, driven through said steel ribs and into the joist. Every such nail shall be driven through said metal lath and into the joists to its head; all such nails shall be placed not more than eight inches apart. Sec. 202. Plaster Board. Wherever in this ordinance metal lath is required to be used, there may be used in lieu thereof plaster board, composed of pure gypsum, wood and manila filire or of other similar For ^mi^^ WALLS SOLID PARTITIONS SUSPENDED CEILINGS HOLLOW PARTITIONS USE BUTTONLATH Specifications on Request BUTTONLATH MFG. CO. VERNON AND BOYLE AVES. LOS ANGELES, CAL. Phones: 29565; South 2563 HERRINGBONE AND DIAMOND METAL LATHS FENESTRA STEEL SASH. FERALUN STAIR TREADS, CHANNEL IRON "SELF SENTERING" METAL FOR CONCRETE ROOFS METALLIC AND LIQUID CONCRETE FLOOR HARDENERS JOIST HANGERS REINFORCING STEEL BARS AND SPIRAL COLUMN STEEL TRIANGULAR MESH REINFORCEMENT HERRINGBONE METAL LATH CO. 449 E. Third St. Bdwy. 1006 — F 5696 J. C. DUNCAN LATHING CONTRACTOR Dealer in Button Lath, Metal Lath and Channel Iron Building Industries Associatinn LOS ANGELES, CAL. Phones: 60608; Main 6561 Home F- 1 89 1 98 Sunset Main 1453 Home A-1453 THE BERGER MFG. CO. OF CALIFORNIA GALVANIZED CORRUGATED AND FLAT SHEETS, TIN PLATE, STEEL CEILINGS, EAVE TROUGH AND CONDUCTOR PIPE, METAL LUMBER, STEEL STUDS, FURRING, EXPANDED METAL LATH, RIB-TRUS, MULTIPLEX STEEL PLATES, FERRO-LITHIC PLATES, SIDEWALK LIGHTS, DOORS, VENTILATORS TONCAN METAL LATH AND SHEETS 417 EAST SECOND STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL. J. ,1. O'CONNOR Plastering Contractor PLASTERING CONTRACTOR Office Phones Home 60608; Main 6561 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE LOS ANGELES. CAL. materials, and not less than seventy-five per cent (759;,) of the materials compos- ing' such plaster board shall be of non- inflamable material. Such plaster board shall be not less than three-eighths (3-8") inch in thickness and so constructed as to form a mechanical key or bond be- tvi^een the plaster board and the finish paster. Such mechanical key or bond shall be equally distributed and shall com- pose at least twenty per cent (20%) of the surface of the plaster board. Where wood joists, wood furrring strips, wood studs or other wood supports are used the plaster board shall be se- curely fastened thereto by means of nails, of such length that the said nails shall extend at least three-quarter inch (3-4") into the joists, furring-strips, studding or other supports. Such nails shall be spaced or driven as near as may be, 7" apart in one direction, and as near as may be, 16" apart in the other direction. Where the furring strips, studs or other supports are of metal, the plaster board shall be securely fastened to the same with galvanized iron wire of not less than 14 gauge, or with metal clips con- structed of not less than 20 gauge metal, spaced as near as may be 12" in one direction and as near as may be, 16" in the other direction. All such metal clips shall be constructed in such a manner as to closely fit both the plaster board and the carrying bar. All wire nails used tor fastening plaster board shall be of at least No. 11 gauge with a flat head not less than three-eighths inch (3-8") m diameter. All such plaster board shall have applied thereon at least one (1) coat of hard wall plaster, such plaster to be not less than three-eighth inch (3-8") in thickness. Any type of plaster board desired to be used as in this section specified, shall be first tested and demonstrated to the sat- isfaction of the Board of Public Works, by such tests as the said Board may de- mand, that such plaster board is at least the equal under the same conditions of test, of metal lath and plaster. Sec. 203. Mezzanine Floors. Mezzanine floors may be constructed in buildings of Classes "A", "B" and "C" construction used for stores, warehouses, factories, work shops, offices or other similar pur- poses in any portion of the City of Los Angeles, and may be constructed in buildings used for such purposes of Class "D" construction in the portion of the City of Los Angeles outside of Fire Dis- tricts Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Every such mez- zanine floor constructed in any building of Class "A", "B", "C" or "D" construc- tion and used for purposes other thain storage may be constructed of fireproof materials; or in lieu of such fireproof ma- terials shall be constructed of wood joists and wood flooring of a sufficient strength to safely sustain a load of sixty pounds per square foot, with a factor of safety of four. Where such mezzanine floor is used for storage purposes only it shall be constructed of sufficient strength to sus- tain a load of not less than one hundred pounds per square foot with a factor of safety of not less than four. Mezzanine floors may be of open joist construction, or, if ceiled, shall be ceiled in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance gov- erning the construction of the class of building in which such mezzanine floor is constructed. Every joist used in the con- struction of any such mezzanine floor shall be of Oregon pine timber and not less than 2 by 6 inches in dimensions. Every mezzanine floor shall have a clear perpendicular space both below and above 99 kk UNIVERSAL" WATER HEATERS Over 200 installed in Los Angeles in the past two years Saved from 30 to 40% on fuel. List of installations given on request ROTARY MANUFACTURING CO. puch floor of not less than seven feet. No mezzanine floor shall be constructed in any such building to exceed iSVs per cent of the area of the floor in the room jn which such mezzanine floor is constructed. In the event that such mezzanine floor exceeds 33% per cent of the area of the floor in the room in which it is con- .structed, it shall, for the purposes of this ordinance, be deemed to be an interme- diate floor and shall be subject to all the following provisions governing the con- struction of intermediate floors. Intermediate Floors. Intermediate floors may be constructed in buildings of Classes "A", "B" and "C" construction, used for stores, warehouses, factories, work shops, offices or other similar purposes in any portion of the City of Los Angeles. Every intermediate floor constiucted in any Class "A" building shall be of Class "A" construction; every intermediate floor constructed in any Class "B" building shall be of Class "A" or "B" construc- tion; every intermediate floor constructed in any Class "C" building shall be of Class "A", "B" or "C" construction. EV- ery such intermediate floor shall be sub- ject to all the provisions of this ordi- nance governing construction and ar- rangement in the several classes men- tioned. Every intermediate floor shall have a clear perpendicular space both be- low and above such floor of not less than eight feet. Whenever an intermediate floor is constructed in any building, such intermediate floor shall, for the purpose of this ordinance, be deemed to be an additional story to such building and such building shall be subject to all the pro- visions of this ordinance governing the height of buildings, number of stories and general construction and all other partic- ulars regulating or pertaining to the par- ticular class of buildings to which such building belongs. Sec. 252. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to commence or do or cause to be done, or to construct or cause to be constructed, or to use or cause to be used, any plumbing or house drainage affecting the sanitary condition of any house or building or any portion thereof, or to construct or cause to be constructed, or to use oi' cause to be used, any sewer or cesspool in the City of Los Angeles, without first obtaining a permit from the Board of Public Works so to do. Any person, firm or corporation desiring a permit for any of the purposes enumer- ated in this section, shall make applica- tion in writing to the Board of Public Works giving such information as said Board may require, on blanks to be fur- ni.shed for that purpose, and, if it ap- pears therefrom that the work to be per- formed thereunder is to be done accord- ing to the regulations contained in this ordinance, governing the construction of such work, a permit shall be issued upon payment of the fees as fixed bj' sub-sec- tion "B" of Section 3 hereof. Nothing in this Section contained shall be deemed or construed to require the application for or the issuance of a per- mit for the purpose of repairing a leak in any drain, soil, waste, trap or vent pipe or pipes, oi' for the removal and resetting of a water closet, urinal or similar flx- tuie, or of any trap or waste to such fix- 100 San Pedro Lumber Company Wholesale and Retail GENERAL OFFICES AND YARD— 16TH AND CENTRAL AVE. Phones, South 531, Home 203 76 LOS ANGELES Wholesale Yards and Wharves, San Pedro BRANCH YARDS Long Beach Huntington Beach Westminster Yorba Linda Gardena Compton Whittier tures for the purpose of removing stop- pages, except when it is necessary to re- place any such fixtuie, drain, soil, waste, trap, vent pipe or pipes with other or different materials. Sec. 253. All work done under permit shall be subject to inspection and notice must be given in writing to the Board of Public Works by the person. Arm or cor- poration doing- ,said work, or causing the same to be done, imniediately after said work is leady for inspection. Up to the time of the inspection all work must be uncovered and convenient for the inspec- tor's examination, and every facility must be given the Inspector to make a thor- ough examination; that is, if any pipes are inclosed, or covered with flooring, siding, lath, dirt or other material, or covered in any way whatsoever, so as to tend to obstruct a thorough inspection of the drainage system, said obstruction must be removed, upon notice so to do from the Board of Public Works, before an Inspector shall be required to inspect the work. In inspecting such work, the Inspector shall apply the water test; all the necessary tools, labor and assistance for such test shall be furnished by the person, firm or corporation having con- trol of, or in charge of such work. When upon examination by the Inspector, if It appears that any such work is defective, either in the construction or material, the same shall be removed or replaced to conform to the regulation set forth in this ordinance. Sec. 254. When it appears to the satis- faction of the Board of Public Works that any work mentioned in this ordi- nance has been constructed according to, and ineets the requirements of all provi- sions of this ordinance, and that all zito fees for inspection thereof have been paid, the said Board of Public Works shall cause to be issued to the person, firm or corporation constructing such work a certificate of final inspection, which certificate shall recite that such work as the permit was issued for has been constructed according to the ordi- nances of said city, and that said work is in a sanitary condition. The Board of Public AVorks shall not issue such certi- ficate of inspection unless the require- ments of this ordinance have been ad- hered to. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use or occupy or inhabit, or to let or lease for the pur- pose of occupancy or inhabitation, any building in which any plumbing or house drainage work has been constructed or installed that affects the sanitary condi- tion of such building, unless such plumb- ing or house drainage work has been con- .structed or installed according to the terms of this ordinance, and a certificate of final inspection issued, as herein pro- vided. Sec. 255. The rules and regulations set forth in this ordinance are hereby adopted as the standard for the construc- tion and installation of plumbing and house drainage work affecting the sani- tary condition of all buildings in the City of L.OS Angeles, and all such work must be constructed or installed in accordance 101 therewith before a certificate of final in- spection will be granted by said Board of Public Works. Sec. 256. A running trap may be placed on tlie house drain; and if placed outside of the building, or below the cellar floor, it must be made accessible in a brick or wood manhole, not less than three feet square. Such trap must have two clean- outs with brass tiap screw ferrules, a vent pipe inust be connected on each side of such running trap, and must be of cast iron or galvanized wrought iron or steel pipe, standard weight, and be of not less than three inches internal diame- ter for four-inch drains, and be in- creased one inch in diameter for every increase of one inch in the diameter of the house drain. The vent pipe on the sew^er side to such running trap must be carried up to and at least six inches above the highest part of the main roof, and where practical, these vent pipes shall follow the under side of roof, and shall not be brought to the outer air un- til the highest point of the roof has been reached. The vent pipe on the house side of the running trap may terminate above the roof at any point not less than eight feet from any window, door, or air shaft of any building used as a dwelling. Sec. 257. Every soil pipe or waste pipe under or inside of any building shall be of cast iron, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, or lead, or brass. No such soil or waste pipe shall be install 3d of sheet iron or well casing. All joints in cast iron pipe, whether inside of the Ijuilding or otherwise, shall be made with moulten lead and thoroughly caulked. "When galvanized wrought iron, or gal- vanized steel, or lead or brass pipe is used for soil or waste, no grade lighter than standard shall be used. All changes in direction shall be made as required in Section 258 of this ordinance, and all fittings used in the several angles, shall he standard drainage fittings, ordinary malleable or cast iron fittings that are not recessed, are prohibited, and all fittings used in such work must be of same internal diameter as pipe line upon which it is used. Sec. 258. Every vertical soil pipe or waste pipe shall be provided with a clean- out or a trap screw ferrule at the foot or lower terminal thereof and with a clean- out of trap screw ferrule at the end of ■each horizontal pipe line and each lateral branch, except that such cleanouts or trap screw ferrules may be omitted in concealed work. All such cleanouts or trap screw ferrules installed in or under cement floors in any basement or cellar, or the first floor of any building shall be ' brought up where it is accessible at the finished floor. Every cleanout or trap screw ferrule required by this ordinance shall be in- stalled in such manner as to be readily accessible. Any such cleanout or trap screw ferrule shall have a clearance of eighteen inches (IS") from any pier, foundation, wall, partition, girder, or any other structural part of ,the building which would tend to obstruct the acces- sibility of same. Every cleanout or trap screw ferrule shall be of the same size as the pipe up to four inches (4") in diameter, and in no case less than four inches (4") for larger piping. Where a waste pipe line intercepts or is branched into another waste pipe line whenever it is perpendicular to ih? hori- zontal pipe line or both are lyu.g in a horizontal position, the point of intersec- tion shall be at an angle of forty-five (45) degrees, this forming a "Y" branch. Com- bination "Y's" full "Y's" and V» bends are permissable for these angles, but "T's," double "Y's," sanitary "T's" or double sanitary "T's' are prohibited in any waste piping where the angle from the vertical is more than forty-five (.45) degrees. Sec. 259. Every drain pipe outside of any building and running as far as the property line or cesspool, shall be of flrsi grade vitrified iron stone pipe, or of cast iron, and where a water closet is in- stalled or roughed in, the internal diame- ter of such house drain shall be not less than four inches: stoneware piping shall not be placed within twelve inches of lIic exterior wall of any building or \viihin three inches of the surface of the ground at any part of its course. Each joint be- tween sections of vitrified piping must be completely and uniformly filled with Portland cement or a substance known as Butler's Submarine Sewer Jointing Compound may be used for such purpose, provided said Compound conforms to "Specifications No. 115 (New Series) for the construction of Sanitary Sewers in the City of Los Angeles, using Butler's Submarine Sewer .Jointing Compound," which specifications were approved and adopted by the City Council of said City on December 26, 1916, and are on file in the office of the City Clerk of said City, and every joint must be thoroughly cleaned from the inside so as not to form any obstruction. Every outside drain must be water tight, and have a fall of not less than one-quarter of an inch to the foot towards the street sewer or cess- pool. Provided, however, that whenever it is impractical due to the depth of the street sewer to obtain said fall of one- quarter (i/i) inch to the foot towards the said street sewer, it shall be lawful to install such drain pipe with all the fall that is possible to obtain. All angles or branch connections in outside drains shall be governed by Section 25S of this ordin- ance. Outside drains shall not be covered or concealed in any way until they have been inspected and .approved by the Board of Public Works. It shall be un- lawful for any person, firm or corpora- tion to connect any pipe or private property with any pipe in the street con- nected with the public sewer of said city, or to construct any sewer, or connect with any private sewer, or connect any plumbing or house drain with any sewer, drain or cesspool without first obtaining a permit so to do from the Board of Pul)- lic Works. Sec. 260. Every w-ater closet, slop hop- per, urinal, slop sink and every other vessel or vessels connected directly or indirectly to the street sewer or cesspool shall be separately and independently trapped and the trap revented. No trap shall drain more than one fixture or ves- sel, provided, however, that a bath tub with a basin or lavatory attached to or supported by the said bath tub, the waste from the said bath tub, basin or lavatory passing through the same pipe, sliall be deemed a single fixture and require but one trap. Provided, further, that any two wash trays, acid or developing sinks where the length of the piping between the waste 102 outlets does not exceed two feet (2') shall be deemed to be a single fixture. Every water sealed trap shall be in- stalled as near the fixture as is prac- ticable. The length of the waste pipe of any fixture from its trap to the vent pipe or from the fixture to the trap shall not exceed two feet (2'). All of the portion of the waste pipe of a trap extending lo the point of venting shall be considered as a part of the trap and the total fall between the trap and tiie vent pipe shall not exceed the diameter of the trap ex- cept earthenware water closet traps. Sec. 261. No Latrine or range water closet, plunger and washout water closets, round or oval long hopper water closets or any type of water closet where the water supply valve is contained within the closet or supplied through any com- mon type of liopper valve, shall be in- stalled. No wood laundry tray or wood sink shall be installed. Every wash tray or sink installed shall be of nonabsorbent material except in the case of kitchen sinks in hotels or in restaurants, which sinks may be of wood, provided that the said sinks shall be not less than eight inches (S") in depth. Lead piping, lead bends, or lead traps are prohibited from installation in any cement or concrete floor or under ground. Iron bends or stubs shall be provided with a cast iron or brass floor flange and shall be caulked or screwed to the bend or stub. Every such floor flange shall be set in place before the rough work in- spection, and no water closet shall be set thereon until inspected and approved. Sec. 262. Every trap shall be effective- ly vented with an air pipe of diameter not less than that of such trap, except in case of a trap larger than two (2) inches in diameter, in which case the air pipe shall be not less than two (2) inches in diameter, provided that a single pipe may be used to vent two (2) traps through the same fitting when such fit- ting has effective means to prevent the drainage from one trap entering the other trap and is made in one (1) piece of metal without loose or attached parts. All separate vent pipes within a radius of twenty (20) feet may converge into one pipe, the size of which shall be gov- erned by the provisions of Sections 2G.5 and 26(i of this ordinance. These vent pipes shall be extended up to and follow- ing the angle of the roof line on under side of same, and shall not be brought to the outer air until the highest point in roof has been reached. A distance of twenty-four (24) inches measured from the top edge of ridge to the lower side of vent pipe on the angle of the roof thereof will be deemed to be sufficient, provided, however, in case of a flat roof on buildings of two or more stories in lieight such vent piping need not be ex- tended to the highest point of such roof, provided no vent pipe in such flat roof shall terminate within ten (10) feet of any other building, and the terminal of all vent piping on anv building or struc- ture shall not be within ten (10) feet of any window, air intake or other opening in any such building or structure. Hori- zontal vent piping above the fixture level shall not exceed twenty (20) feet in length. In buildings of two or more stories, a roof will be considered flat whose pitch or inclination is three (.3) inches or less per foot. All roofs on buildings two or more stories in height with a greater pitch than three (3) inches shall be deemed a pitch roof, and all vent piping shall be carried to the highest point as herein provided, and the minimum height of any vent pipe from the .ground shall be fifteen (15) feet. Sec. 263. Every branch or branch fit- ting, for a vent pipe shall, when leaving a horizontal or vertical line of waste Pipe be taken from a "Y" branch lying in the direction from which the waste walet flows in such waste pipe, thus forming an angle of forty-five degrees with the waste pipe; or may leave such horizontal waste pipe at right angles, provided that such vent pipe shall have a rise of at least forty-five degrees, thus permitting the use of a "T". Horizontal vent pipes leav- ing the waste pipe below the fixture line or floor line, shall not exceed a greater length than is required to .assume a ver- tical position. All vent pipes, whether horizontal or vertical, when converged into a main extension, shall rise vertically to a point six inches in height above the top of fixture before a right angle is made to the branch fitting to which line of vent pipe one or more fixtures is made. Sec. 264. Every building in which a water closet is installed and the waste pipe from such fixture is connected to the street sewer, or a cesspool, the min- imum diameter of the vent pipe f»-oni such fixture shall be four (4) inches. Every building in which a fixture is in- stalled other than a water closet, .and there is not a four (4) inch vent pipe through the roof of such building, the minimum size vent pipe from such fixtui-e through the roof shall be the same diam- eter as the waste piping installed for such fixture. Where the diameter of the house drain is larger than herein provided for, .and at some point in the building the same diameter piping rises to the upper floor or floors forming a stack or vertical )ine, such piping shall be continued undimin- ished through the roof as provided for in Section 262 of this ordinance. When two or more buildings or struc- tures are connected with the house drain or sewer, the drain pipe system in each and every such building or structure shall conform to the rules and regulations pre- scribed by this ordinance. Sec. 265. The vent or air piping to every water seal trap shall not be smaller in diameter than one and one-half (11/2) inches for any such trap not greater than two inches (2") in diameter, provided that if more than one trap shall be vented by the same pipe the normal in- ternal diameter of such piping shall noi be less than the following: For more than one and not exceeding two traps, not less than one and one- lialf (11/^) inch vent pipe; for more than two (2) and not exceding eight (8) traps, not less than two (2) inch vent pipe; for not less than eight (8) .and not exceeding sixteen (16) traps, not less than two .and one-half (21/^) inch vent pipe; for more than sixteen (16) .and not exceeding twenty-eight (28) traps, not less than a three (3) inch vent pipe. Sec. 266. The vent or air piping to any water seal trap connected to .any fixture or vessel, and such trap is larger than two (2) inches in diameter, the vent pip- ing to such trap shall not be smaller than two (2) inches in diameter, provided that where more than one (1) such trap shall be vented through the same piping 103 ihe normal internal diameter of such pip- ing shall not be less than the following: For more than one (1) and not exceed- ing four (4) such traps, not less than a two (2) inch vent pipe; for more than fotir (4) and not exceeding eight (&) such traps, not less than a two and one-half (2y2) inch vent pipe; for more than eight (8) and not exceeding fourteen tl4) such traps, not less than a three (3) inch vent pipe; for more than fourteen (14) such traps, not less than a four (4) inch vent pipe. All vent or air piping, shall be either cast iron, lead, wrough iron or steel. No such vent or air piping shall be con- structed of sheet iron or well casing. Where wrought iron or steel piping is used it shall be galvanized. All fittings used shall be threaded with standard threads and all malleable iron fittings shall be galvanized (cast iron fitting ex- cepted.) Half-unions or union couplings of any description sliall not be used in the installation of vent piping or waste piping. Sec. 267. All waste pipes shall be cast iron, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, or of brass or lead, not less than standard weight, and of the following sizes: , For each bath tub, wash basin, laundry trav or set, or other small fixture not less than one and one-half (iy2) inches internal diameter; for each slop sink or slop hopper where the outlet is two (2) incites or smaller, not less than two (2) inches internal diameter; and if outlet is larger than two (2) inches, the waste pipe shall not be smaTTer than three (3) inches internal diameter; for each water closet, not less than four (4) inches in diameter; for each urinal not less than two (2) inches in diameter; for each sink used for kitchen purposes or otherwise, the minimum diameter of waste piping to such fixture shall be two (2) inches in diameter, (trap to fixture and its exten- sion to wall excepted). Where more than two (2) and not to exceed four (4) Ivitchen sinks or urinals are connected to the same diameter piping the internal diameter of such piping shall be not less than two and one-half (2I/2) inches, for more than four (4) and not to exceed ten, three (3) inch piping. The connect- ing of batli tubs, wasli basins and laun- dry trays to such piping shall not be considered as requiring any increase in the diameter of such luping. Fixtures not requiring a larger waste pipe than one and one-half (11/2) inch diameter, not more than two (2) sucli fixtures shall be connected to a one .and one-half (lVi> inch diameter pipe. Not more than eight (8) such fixtures shall be connected to a two (2) incli diameter pipe. Not. more than fourteen (14) such fixtures shall be connected to a two and one-half (2V2' inch diameter pipe. Any number of sucli fixtures exceeding fourteen (14) shall be connected to a tliree (3) inch diameter pipe- Each and every prospective soil, waste or drain line that may be constructed or installed in any building or structure for the purpose of future installation of fix- tures must in each and every case be provided with separate and suitalile open- ings on both waste and vent lines, and to be installed in such a manner as to comply with Sections Nos. 253, 257, 258 and 2(50 of this ordinance; except as herein otherwise provided in Section 274 of this ordinance. Sec. 268. Cast iron soil pipes or cast iron soil fittings used in either waste or vent lines shall not be less than Stand- ard weight. Sec. 269. No pipe or fitting sliall be installed in any plumbing work which is defective, fractured, or split, and no such piping or fitting shall be repaired with gas fitters' cement or other similar com- pound. Sec. 270. Fixtures connected with the plumbing of any house or building, or any portion of ,the plumbing or drainage system that is covered or concealed from view, and the outlet of soil pipe and ev- ery opening into it below the top, shall be hermetically sealed by the person, firm or corporation doing the work, and the pipe shall then be filled with water to the highest point in the system. Every leak so disclosed must be repaired, and every defective pipe or fitting of any kind must be renewed and replaced with sound material. Sec. 271. Connections between wrought iron, steel or brass piping with cast iron piping shall be leaded, caulked joint. Connections between iron and lead piping shall be made through a brass ferrule or brass screw nipple, and tlte jointing be- tween such metals sliall be full wiped joints. All traps shall be cast brass, cast iron or lead. Drawn brass traps or any traps with slip connections on the sewer side of such traps are prohibited from installation. All angles or extensions made on sewer side of brass traps shall he made with standard threaded pipe and fittings, slip joints or soldered ioints on same are prohibited. Connections be- tween wrought iron or steel pipes and cast iron liftings wlien the internal diam- eter of the fitting is larger than the external diameter of the pipe to be con- nected thereto, eillier in waste or vent pipe connection, all such connections shall be made by a coupling increaser screw on the wrought iron or steel pipe before being caulked into the hub of the cast iron connections, so as to prevent obstruction in waste or vent pipe. Sec. 272. Every carriage wash, or a cellar drain shall be trapped by a sana trap of not less than twelve by twelve by twelve inches, and constructed of brick and cement, or vitrified stone pipe with cement bottom; the water seal of such trap shall be constructed by invert- ing its waste pipe. Such trap need not be \'ented. A water seal of less than four inches is prohibited, and the minimum size of waste pipe shall be three inches, where trap is not vented. Sec. 273. No safe waste pipe from any fixture shall connect with any waste pipe or sewer, but such safe waste pipe shall discharge into a water supplied sink or discharge outside of building. Sec. 274. Every refrigerator or ice bo.x: in which edibles are stored or kept, and such refrigerator or ice box is provided with a waste outlet for the water of con- densation and connected to a waste pipe exceeding three feet in length shall be trapped with a water seal trap, and the waste piping leading therefrom shall be connected so that the water discharges into the street sewer or cesspool as fol- lows: the lower terminal of such piping shall discharge into a water supplied sink or hopper, such sink or hopper shall be connected to the street sewer or cesspool. Waste piping from a refrigerator or ice 104 box may be installed with the continuous vent, that is, each trap need not be re- vented. Waste piping shall not be smaller in diameter than one and one-half (I'/a) inches. All fittings installed on such piping shall be as provided in Section 25s of this ordinance. Provided, that re- frigerators in dwelling houses need not be connected with a sewer or cesspool, but if so connected shall be connected as in this section prescribed. Sec. 275. No brick, sheet metal or tile conduit, or chimney flue shall be used to ventilate any water seal trap, sewer, house drain or other waste piping. Rain water conductors or any conduit for rain water shall not be connected with any house sewer, house drain or other waste piping that is connected to the street sewer or cesspool. Sec. 276. No water closet shall be in- stalled or used on any premises or in any house or building, unless it be flushed with water contained in a tank holding not less than four gallons of water; pro- vided, however, that a Flusho-meter- valve may be used, which would, in the opinion of the Board of Public Works, conform to the requirements of this or- dinance. When the water supply of any building is not sufficient for the proper flushing of all water closets and urinals in such building, the Board of Pubho Works may order the erection of a tank system for suppiyin- water to such clos- ets and urinals into which the water may flow or be pumped. Sec. 277. No water seal trap shall be installed with a water seal of less than one and one-half (li^) inches and ail such traps shall be set true to their seals. In all cases where the total fp«l of the waste pipe between trap and vent pipe exceeds tne diameter of such waste pipe, such trap shall be re-vented. No bell trap of any type shall be used. Sec. 278. When any water closet, sink, bath tub, basin or other fixture main- tained in any house, porch or building is removed and replaced with another such fixture, or other fixture, such new fixture shall have its trap vented. Sec. 279. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to cause, suf- fer, allow or permit the exhaust from any engine, or the blowofS from any boiler to be connected with a house drain or sewer. Sec. 280. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to maintain or use, or permit or cause to be main- tained or used a privy vault or cesspool on any premises in the City of Los An- geles if a public sewer exists and is ready for use in any street or alley on which the property abuts. Sec. 281. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use or occupy, or lease or let to be used or oc- cupied, any building or part thereof to be used as a factory, laundry, tenement or lodging house or place in or where human beings reside or work, unless such build- ing is provided with at least one water closet for every fifteen occupants, work- ers, employes, or residents in such build- ing. Sec. 282. Any fixture in any building (water closets excepted) where it is im- practicable on account of any structural features to conform to all provisions of this ordinance, such fixtures may he trapped with drum traps or any other type of anti-syphon tiap without re- venting such trap. Sec. 283. Upon the renewal or altera- tion of any building, or upon the making of any repairs or additions thereto, if any vp-"' nlumb'ng fixture is placed in such building, either In the original or in the PIC e ppaired or adde i part thereof. every such new fixture must be properl.\' connected with and attached to the waste pipes in the original parts of such build- ing, and if any fixtures are to be reset, either in the old or new part of sucli building, then both such original a;id such additional fixtures, and any altered plumbing whatever must be made to con- form in all respects to the rules an 3 reg- ulations prescribed in this ordinance. Sec. 284. All plumbing affecting the sanitary condition of any building or other structure located within the boun- daries of any lot shall be connected with and drained into a public sewer when such sewer is constructed and available for use in any public street, alley, right of way, or othei- public place abutting upon said lot. Provided, however, the Board of Public W^orks may issue permit.s for the construction and maintenance of cesspools outside of Fire D'.'stricts Nos. 1 and 2 whenever in the judgment of said Board it is found to be impracticable to connect the plumbing installed in any such building or structure with the public sewer by reason of the fact that such building^ or structure or the poition there- of in which such plumbing fixtures are installed is below the level of the level of the public sewer. Every application for a permit to con- struct and maintain any such cesspool, by reason of the fact that such building or structure or the portion thereof in which such plumbing fixtures are in- stalled is below the level of the public sewer shall be filed with the Board of Public Works and shall be accompanied with a map or plan showing the number and location of the plumbing fixtures to be drained into such cesspool. Every building or structure in which any plumbing is constructed, erected or maintained, affetcing the sanitary condi- tion of such building or structure, which building or structure is situated upon a lot which does not abut on any public street, alley, right of way or other public place in which a sewer is constructed and available for use, the plumbing in- stalled in such building or structure shall be connected with and drained into a cesspool, situated upon the same lot and constructed in accordance with the pro- visions of Section 285 of this ordinance. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to u.se, occupy or inhabit, or cause or permit to be used, occuoied or inhabited as a dwelling, any building or structure in which any plumbing af- fecting the sanitary condition of such building or structure has been installed, unless such plumbing is connected witn and drained into a public sewer, if such sewer is constructed and available for use on any public street, alley, right of way or other public place abutting upon the lot upon which such building or struc- ture is situated, or if no such sewer ha.>i been constructed and ready for use, as aforesaid, said plumbing shall be con- nected with a cesspQol situated on said lot. 105 Every building- or structure situated upon a iot which abuts upon any public street, alley, right of way or other public place, in which a public sewer is co.i- structed and available for use, which building or structure is occupied or in- tended for occupancy as a dwelling, shall be furiMshed and piovided with at least one water closet; and shall be connected with and diajued into such public sewer. No connection from any building or structure shall hereafter be made to any public .sewer, which connection or any portion thereof shall be in, under or upon any lot other than the lot on which such building or structure is located. For the purpose of this section, "a lot" is heieby defined to be any piece or par- cel of land as bounded, defined or shown upon the latest map, plat or deed record- ed in the oflfice of the County Recorder of Los Angeles County, and in accordance with the boundaries of such lot as bound- ed, defined or shown upon such recorded map, plat or deed, upon the date of the application for a sewer connection; pro- vided, however, that in the event any building or structure in which any plumb- ing affecting the sanitary condition of said building or strvicture is installed, covers more area than "a lot," as herein defined, the term "lot" shall be deemed to be and include all such pieces or par- cels of land upon which such building or structure is wholly or partly located. Sec. 285. No cesspool shall be con- structed nearer than four feet to any boundai'y line of the lot on which it is located, or closer than five feet to any building used as a dwelling. In case such distance cannot be obtained from the lot line, building or structure, such cesspool shall be located where directed by the Board of Public Works. Every cesspool shall have a brick or wood lining. Every brick lined cesspool shall be cylindrical in form, and the walls of such cesspool shall be not less than four inches in thickness. All brick therein shall be wbrle biirk and shall be laid flatwise with all joints flushed solid, except that the bottom four feet thereof may have the end joints spaced one half inch apart. The t"n of such cesspool shall be arched or drawn in jug-shaped, and all brick used in arching said top shall be laid in cement ino»-tar, the proportion of such mortar shall cons'st of one part cement to two of clean sharp sand. The mini- mum internal diameter of a brick lined cesspool shall be not less than 3 feet 4 inches, and not less than ten feet deeo. Brick lined cesspools of greater internal diameter than five feet shall have walls and ton not less than eight inches in thickness, constructed as hereinabove provided. Every wood lined cesspool shall have one 2x4 redwood post at each cor- ner, and the lining^ of every such cess- pool shall be constructed of redwood boards not less than one inch in thick- ness and not less than six inches in width, from the bottom to the top thereof. The lining of each such cesspool shall be placed on the outside of the posts, or between the posts and the banks. The top of every such cesspool shall be built of two layers of not less than 2-inch redwood plank, laid crosswise with close joints. No cesspool having a wood lining shall be smaller than four feet by four feet, or less than ten feet deep, internal measurement. The top of every cesspool shall be at least two feet below the sur- face of the ground. No standpipe or vent pipe opening to the outer air shall be connected directly to any cesspool, but every cesspool shall be vented through the waste pipe leading thereto. Sec. 286. In this ordinance the term soil pipes appl'es to any line of cast iron or wrought iron steel pipe receiving the discharge of one or more water closets. The term waste pipe applies to anv pipe receiving the discharge from any fixture or fixtures other than water closets. The house sewer is that part of the horizontal piping beginning twelve inches from the exterior wall of the building to its con- nection with the street sewer or cesspool. The house drain is that part of the hori- zontal piping of a house drainage svstem which rece'ves the discharge of all soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of any building and conveys the same to the house sewer twelve (12) inches outside of the exterior wall of such building. The term vent or vent pipe applies to any pipe provided to ventilate a system of piping, and to which other vents may be connected to prevent trap syphonage and back pressure. A top fixture is de- fined as one whose waste inlet at the stack is uppermost on this vertical line of pipe, and the discharge pipe to the inlet shall be exclusive of any other waste entering at any point other than below its level. The term indirect connection or system applies to any line of waste pipe that is not connected permanently to the house drain or sewe^, but dis- charges its waste into a hopper or other receiver that has a permanent connec- tion through the house drain or sewer. The Durham system of piping applies to any system of wrought iron or steel pipe and recessed fittings. The fitting must be recessed sufficiently to allow for the thickness between the internal and exter- nal d'ameter of the pipe, which forms a shoulder so that the fitting when screwed on the pipe should make up to this shoulder in the fitting, thus forming one continuous bore or unobstructed flow for the waste water. Sec. 287. It shall be unlawful for any person, flrin or corporation to commence or to do or cause to be done, or to con- struct or cause to be constructed, or to use or cause to be used, except for ser- vice pipes, meter and meter connections, any gas pipe or gas fitting or to make any alterations or changes or additions to any gas pipe or any gas fitting in any building; or structure or any portion thereof in the City of Los Angeles, with- out first obtaining a permit from the Board of Public Works so to do. Any person, firm or coi-poration desir- ing a permit for any of the purposes enumerated in this section, or a permit for the inspection or testing of any gas pipe already installed in any building or other structure in said city, shall make application in writing to the Board of Public Works giving such information as said Foard inay require on blanks to be furnished for that piu'pose, and if it ap- pears therefrom that the work to be per- formed thereunder is to be done accord- ing to the regulations contained in this ordinance governing the construction. In- spection and testing of such work, a per- mit shall be issued upon payment of the 106 fees as fixed by sub-section "B" of Sec- tion 3 hereof. Sec. 288. All gas fitting work done un- der permit shall be subject to the in- spection and tests hereinafter prescribed and notice must be given to the Hoard of Public Works by the person, firm or corporation doing such work or causing the same to be done, immediately after said work is leady for inspection. Such notice must be in writing, and no inspec- tion shall be made by the Board of Pub- lic Works until such notice has been filed in their office with said permit number at- tached. The inspections of gas fitting- work done under permit shall be two, viz: A first inspection and a final inspection; except on unconcealed work, such as stove run or fuel run of pipe, then same shall be made at one inspection, first and final. The fii'st inspection shall be made after all the piping authorized to be installed under the permit shall have been in- stalled, and before any of such piping has been covered or concealed oi' any fix- tures have been attached thereto. The final inspection shall be made after the piping authorized to be installed under the permit is in place and has been cov- ered or concealed. This inspection shall include the application of an air pressure test by which the pipes shall be subjected to a pressure of ten pounds to the square inch. Up to the time of the first inspec- tion all work must be uncovered and convenient for examination. All inspec- tions shall be made by the Board of Pub- lic Works after receipt of the notice here- inbefore mentioned. All the necessary tools, labor and assistance for the re- quisite tests in such inspection shall be furnished by the person, firm or corpora- tion having control of the woi'k to be in- spected. Sec. 289. When upon examination by the Board of Public Works it appears that any gas fitting work is defective, either in construction or material, the same shall be altered or repaired to con- form to the regulations set forth in this ordinance. When any gas piping or gas fitting for the installation or alteration of which a permit has been issued shall be found on inspection to conform to the rules and regulations provided by this ordinance, the Board of Public Works shall issue a certificate of inspection certifying that such piping or fittings have been inspect- ed and found to comply with the terms of this ordinance, but no such certificate shall be granted until such piping or fit- tings, respectively, are found to conform to said rules and regulations. It .shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corpora- tion to use any gas through or by means of any piping or fittings in any building, or to furnish or supply gas to be used through or by means of such pipes or fittings until the same shall have been inspected and approved by the Board of Public Works and the certificate herein- before provided shall have been issued therefor. Sec. 290. The following rules and reg- ulations shall be deemed to be the stand- ard for the construction and installation of gas piping- and gas fitting work. The i-ninimum diameter of gas piping- installed in any building, the number of lineal feet and the maximum number of 80 feet 25 100 feet 45 150 feet 80 250 feet 250 400 feet 500 600 feet 900 burners allowed, shall be in conformity with the following table: Length Number Size of Pipe. Allowed, of Burners. % inch (vertical only) 15 feet 2 1/2 inch 40 feet 8 % inch 1 inch 11/4 inch IVz inch 2 inch 21/2 inch In estimating- the number of burners allowed for gas piping, each outlet through the ceilings of stores, parlors, dining- rooms, offices, public halls and rooms used for similar purposes, where it is intended thai these outlets are to supply gas for illuminating purposes only, shall be deemed to be three (.3) burners. For each outlet in the ceilings of bed- rooms, bathrooms, toilet rooms, public halls, pantries, porches or bracket lights, where it is intended that these outlets are to supply gas for illuminating purposes only, allow one (1) burner. To determine the number of burners for heating purposes allow three (3) burners foi- each gas grate, gas log or gas heating stove or appliance, combina- tion boiler and water heater or non- autoniatic gas water heater outlet; ten (10) burners for each outlet for a cook- .^tove or so-called hot-plate. To determine the number of burners foi- automatic or automatic thermal gas watei- heaters, allow 8 buiners for each %" outlet 25 burners for each %" outlet 45 burners for each 1" outlet 80 burners for each IVt" outlet 250 burners for each 1%" outlet 500 burners for each 2" outlet The diameter of the supply pipe tc every such automatic or automatic ther- mal gas water heater .shall not be re- duced in size from the meter to the inlet for the heater. No such heater shall be connected to any gas pipe outlet smaller in diameter than the diai-neter of the inlet pipe on the heater. All horizontal pipe shall be at least one-half (V2) inch in diameter, except that in exposed work, three-eights (%) inch horizontal pipe for a single light may be run a distance not exceeding twentv (20) feet. In concealed work, where practical, all center outlets or drops shall be bent in preference to drop pipes, with straps sol- dered thereto. No center light or drop shall be of a smaller diameter than one- half (V2) inch. Bracket, fireolace and stove outlets shall be bent and have an offset or be provided with bracket elbows to prevent removal. Gas grate and fireplace outlets rnust be at least two (2) inches clear of the finish and bottom of fire basket. No pipe smaller than three-quarter (%) inch shall be run for cooking stoves, hot- plates and instantaneous heaters. Drop pipes for center and bracket outlets shall not project through the finish of ceiling, wall or partition lines more than one (1) inch. All gas pipes shall be well secured to the building and shall grade, or incline toward the meter, and wherever neces- sary, shall be provided with drip pipes so as to prevent any traps or depression 107 where condensation would remain. Wherever drip pipes are used, the end of such drip pipe must be exposed and so arranged to be easy of access. Gas pip- ing shall not be filled with water for the detection of leaks, nor shall gas fitters' cement, sealing wax or any similar com- position be used for the stopping of leaks. No union joints shall be used. All gas piping inust be tested under an air pressure of at least five (5) pounds to the square inch. Gas fixtures shall not be hung or attached to the gas pip- ing until this test has been made. The end of every rise pipe must be lo- cated at a point designated by the J^oard of I'ublic Works, but in no event shall be terminated under any stairway of any building. All gas meters hereafter installed shall be of the type and installed in conformit.\- with the provisions of this Ordinance elsewhere prescribed. EVery gas heater hereafter installed, which is used or intended to be used for heating of water, shall be connected to its gas supply with iron pipe andl shall be connected to a vent pipe leaaing to and through the roof of the building and conform to the other regulations else- where provided by this Ordinance. Every gas grate, gas log, gas furnace or gas floor or wall heating appliance shall be installed and constructed in ac- cordance with the provisions elsewhere fixed by th's Ordinance. [NOTE— SEE ALSO SEC. 82, 83 AND 84.] Sec. 291. If the Board of Public Works shall find any part of any gas pipe or gas fittings in or about any building in the City of Los Angeles to be in a con- dition dangerous to life or property, they shall notify the owner, tenant or occu- pant of the building in which such gas pipe or gas fittings are located to have the defects repaired immediately, and to refrain from using gas by means of said defective pipe or fittings until the same have been repaired and rendered safe. The Board of Public Works shall have the right and power to cause the supply of gas to be shut off until the necessary repairs have been made. The Board of Public Works shall give written notice to the person, firm or corporation sup- plying gas to any such defective pipes or fittings to cease the supply until the necessary repairs have been made, and it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to furnish gas for use in or by means of any defective gas pipe or fittings after receiving such notice until the necessary repairs have been inade. Before making any connection to supply gas to any building that has not already been suppl'ed with gas prior to the tak- ing of effect of this ordinance, the person, firm or cornorat'on about to furnish gas thereto shall ascertain whether a certifi- cate of inspection has been issued for the gas fitting or gas piping to be sunolied, and for that purpose may demand the production and exhibition of such certifi- cate -by the owner, tenant or occupant of the building in which such gas piping or gas fitting is located before supplying gas therefor. Sec. 299. General Penalty. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punish- able by a fine or not less than ten dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the city jail for not less than five days nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Every such peison, firm or corporation shall be deemed guilty of a separate of- fense for each and every day during which any building erected, constructed, altered, repaired, raised, built upon, demolished or moved, or in which any plumbing, house drainage, gas piping or gas fitting has been installed, or sewer or cesspool constructed, by such person, firm or cor- poration in violation of any of the pro- visions of this ordinance, continues in such condition, and for every day during which any other violation of this ordi- nance by such peison, firm or corpora- tion continues, and shall be punishable therefor as herein provided. Sec. 300. That Ordinance No. 14,435 (New Seiies), entitled "An Ordinance regulating the construction and installa- tion of plumbing and house drainage, and the installation of gas piping and fitting and providing for the issuing of permits theiefor," approved April 1, 1907, and Ordinance No. 19,900 (New Series), en- titled "An Ordinance regulating the con- struction, alteration, repairing, demolish- ing and maintaining buildings and other structures and providing for the con- demnation of buildings and other struc- tures dangerous to property, life or limb," approved March 17, 1910. and al' o'-di- nances amendatory thereto or thereof, and all other ordinances in confiict with this o''dinance be and the same are here- by repealed; provided, that any such re- peal shall not affect or prevent the prose- cution and punishment of any person, firin or corporation for any act done or per- mitted in violation of any ordinances which may be repealed by th's ordinance, and shall not affect any prosecution or action which may be pending in anv court for the violation of any ordinance re- pealed by this ordinance. Sec. 301. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance by a unanimous vote and cause the same to he nub'i«hed once in The Los Angeles Daily Journal. I hereby certify that the foregoing ordi- nance was passed by the Council of the • City of Los Angeles by the unanimous vote of all the members of said Council present, there being not less than seven members present, at its meeting of No- vember 13, 1913. CHAS. L. WF^DE, City Clerk. Approved this 13th day of November, 1913. H. H. RO=!E, 12 — 2 It Mayor. 108 [gj |D| D^ D N D^ \9i B] D THE BRICK WORK IS THE MOST PERMANENT PART OF A BUILD- ING ; THEREFORE, MAKE A WISE SELECTION. WE HAVE SPE- CIALIZED IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF PACE BRICK FOR THIRTY YEARS, AND OFFER A LARGER VARIETY THAN ANY PLANT IN THE UNITED STATES. ROOFING TILE, HOLLOW TILE, MANTLE AND QUARRY TILE ARE AMONG OTHER PRODUCTS MADE POPULAR THROUGHOUT THE STATE BY THE LOS ANGELES PRESSED BRICK CO. 400-414 Frost Bldg. Main 502 ; 60489 DlfD]rD|[Dl[D]rDl[Dl[Dlfa] 109 Index to Building Ordinance (Does Not Include Plumbing or Gas Piping Index.) Section Alterations — Existing Buildings 191 Hospitals 53 Anchors, size of 104 And Ties, steel girders 103 Apartment Houses 55-5f; Also must be built according to State Tenement House Law. Copies can be obtained at office of Building Depart- ment. Appeal for Arbitration 194 Appendages and Cornices — Construction 134 Arbitration 194 Arches and Lintels 107 Architects, licensed, required 174a Areas of Floors Allowed 164 Artificial Stone 172 Asylums, construction 53 Asylums, altering same 54 Awnings, where unlawful 145 Awnings, construction 153a-153 Bakery, Oven Flues 92 Balcony Projections 152 Basement — Froporti and mixing 174 Sprinkler system 166 Stairways 197 lender sidewalks 150 Bay Windows 152 Beams — Capacity loads, wood 106 Floor 106 Wood, not support masonry 107 Bond — Bond -irons 105 Brickwork 121 Plates on masonry piers Ill Pressed brick facing 123 Veneering brick 125 Boiler Rooms — Churches, etc 58 Construction, general 89 Outside fire districts 90 In woodworking plant 91 Brick — Bond 121 Facing 123 Pressed -. 123 Underpinning walls 110 Veneering on fi'ame 125 Buildings — General — Classes in fire districts 7-145 Damaged by fire 192 Damaged by wear and tear 192 Dangerous 193 . Demolition 148 Masonry, thickness of walls 112-114 Measurements of 139 Ile-roofing in fire districts 192 Terra cotta, outside fire district 52 Reinforced concrete 174 to 190 Canopy— Metal -. 153a-153 Canopy Over Sidewalk 151 Ceilings — Stores 147 Cellar Wall 43 Cement — Definition of Portland 175e Kind permitted 176 Testing 176 Chimneys — Breasts furred out 120 : Construction of 92 Cupola in foundry 92 Offsets 92 Terra cotta 92 Churches — Seats and Exits 58 Class "A," Steel Frame — Sees. 8 to 19. Columns, granite or marble 9 Construction of 8 Cornices 19 Definition of 8 Elevator enclosures 14 Exterior light courts 9 Exterior structural parts 12 Facing — granite or inarble 9 Filler walls 11 Fireproofing — iron or steel 15 Floor areas 164 Floor construction 13 Height 8 Interior construction 14 Interior light courts 14 Party walls 10 Reinforced Concrete — See "Reinforced Concrete." Roofs — construction of 17 Stairways 16 Skylights , 18 Walls — exterior 9 Class "B" Buildings— Sees. 20 to 29. Anchors, ties, stirrups 104 FJridging, fire stops, etc 23 Cornices 134 Construction of 20 Courts 26 Definition of 20 Elevators, chutes 25 Fireproofing, structural metal 21 Floor areas 164 Floor construction 22 Height 20 Metal lath and plaster 21 Roof, construction of 27 Roof partitions, spaces 29 Skylights 28 Stairways 24 Wall, exterior thickness of 112-114 Class "C" Buildings — Sees. 30 to 39. Anchors, ties, stirrups 104 Bridging and fire stops 31 Ceilings, basements and cellar 31 Construction of 31 Cornices 131-38 Cornices, non-combustible 131 Courts 32 Definition of 30 Elevator shafts, chutes 36 Floor areas 164 Floors, construction of 33 Floors, terra cotta blocks 34 Height 30 Increasing height 117 Light courts 32 Metal lath and plaster 31 Partitions, hollow terra cotta 34 Roof, construction of 37 Roof spaces 38 Skylights 39 Stairways .'. 35 Walls, exterior thickness of.. 112-114 Class "D" Buildings — Sees. 40 to 51. .\partments 55-56 Bracing and bridging 45 Bridging, solid and cross 45 Cellar walls, thickness and fittings.. 43 Classification of 41 Construction of 45-40 Definition of 40 Elevator .shafts, etc 48 110 ST. LOUIS FIRE BRICK & CLAY COMPANY FIRE BRICK FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS If it's "FIRE BRICK" we have it. Shapes of any kind made to order 2464 E. Ninth Street Phones: Bdwy. 6214 — F4218 LOS ANGELES, CAL. Bdwy. 778 F-5202 USTENWALTER & GOUGH, Inc. 328 E. Third St., Los Angeles JOBBERS OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES SPECIALTIES IN STREET LIGHTING SUPPLIES it EVERREADY" MATERIAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS EVERYTHINC^ FOR YOUR BUILDING 9- AND MAPLE WHITINGS EST FOR LESS |A 111 Factories, special pi'ovisions 51 Fire stops, plates, etc 45 Floor construction 46 Foundation, concrete mixture 190 Foundation ftgs., depth, height, etc. 42 Frame building foundations 42 Height 40 Hotels 55-56 Corridors under stairs 56 .loists and mudsills 106 Alasonry, non-supporting walls 44 Roof spaces 50 Sheathing, adjacent to buildings 45 Sheathing, exceeding 3 stories 40 Sheathing for veneering 125 Skylights 49 Stairways 47 Timber details 106 Walls, masonry, cellar 43 Walls, dwellings 112 Walls, foundations, size 42 Walls, non-supporting 44 Walls, tei'ra cotta 52 Cold Storage Buildings 200 Communicating Openings 141 Concrete — Artificial stone 173 Construction, Sec. 174 to 183 174 Foundation mix 190 Proportions and mixing 174 Reinforced, Sees. 174 to 183 174 Condemnation 191 Cornices — Appendages and 134 Class "A" buildings 19 Class "B" buildings 134 Class "C" buildings 134-38 Construction of 134 Definition of Terms fi Demolition of Buildings 148 Division Walls 115-II.t Doors, Fire 14] Fire resisting 141 Sash doors 162 Drainage of Roofs 133 Drying Rooms 88 Dwellings, Masonry Walls 112 Dwelling.^, teria cotta blocks 52 Elevator Shafts — Class "A" buildings 14 Class "B" buildings 25 Class "C" buildings 36 Class "D" buildings 48 Enclosures 14 Freight 25 Excavations, Retaining Wall 108 Excavations, Lateral Support 126 Factories, Construction of 57 Factoiy staiiways 47 Fees for Permits 39 Fire Districts — Altering buildings in 191 Building damaged by fire 192 Class of buildings permitted 7 Outbuildings, tents, sheds 145 Moving buildings in 191 Fire Doors and Shutters Required 141 Fire Doors 142 Fire Escapes — Sees. 154 to 163. Construction of 157 Cornice, opening for 157i Exits to 157n F'loor areas, in relation to 155 Goose neck ladder 157h Hallways to 156 Lowest balcony, height of 157e Ladders, first story 157j Ladder to roof 157h Location of 156 Optional type 159 Optional balcony 158 Construction, Class "C" buildings... 33 Furnaces 83 Hollow terra cotta 34 ] ntermed iate 203 Obstructions to 163 Passageways to 162 Painting and tinishing 1571 Permits for 161 Required and not required 154 Signs and lights to 162 Smoke tower 160 Stairways, first story 157j Tests of 157m Towers 160 Fireplaces 81 Fireproofing — Steel girders 102 Structural metal. Class "A" 15 Class "IV buildings 21 Fire Walls 118 Floor — Areas 164 Beams, headers, etc 106 Consti'uction, Class "A" 13 Construction, Class "B" buildings.... 22 Joists 106 Span 106 Lights, construction of 140 Loads 130 Mezzanine 203 Warehouses 131 Flues — See "Chimneys." Foundation — Concrete mix 178 Footings, reinforced concrete 177 Depth, standard 127 Walls, Class "A," "B," "C" 109 Walls, Class "D" buildings 42 Freight Elevator Shafts 25 Furnaces, Floor and Wall 83 Furnaces, Heating 85 Gas Furnace 85Vfe Pipes, boxes, etc 87 Rooms 85 Gas Water Heater 82 Furred Chimney Breasts, Walls 120 Galleries, Churches (Also see The- aters) 58 Garages , _ - 143 (Also see Special Ordinance on Ga- rages.) Gas, Grate, Log, Vents 83 Heater vents ..'. 82 Meters 84 G'as Furnace _ 85% Girders, Steel, Fireproofing 102 (See also "Beams.") Gypsum Blocks 341/i Halls— Hallwa.Ns to fire escapes 156 (Obstructing same 163 Public halls 58 Heating Apparatus, Notice of 86 Height — Buildings, Class "A" 8 Class "B" 20 Class "C" 30 Class "D" 40 Factories 57 Hotels, Apts., etc. Also Sec. 56 55 Hospitals, asylums, etc .'..... 53 Reinforced concrete 5 Stories, walls ... 137 Terra cotta walls 188-52 Hollow Blocks — ('oncrete 173 Construction 188 Gypsum '. 34i^ Terra cotta buildings 188-52 Chimneys 92 Floors and partitions : 34 12 Tests of 188 For fireproofing 15 Hospitals — Altering 54 Construction of 53 Hotels- Construction 55 (Also see State Hotel and Lodging House Law.) Corridors and stairways 56 Metal lath and plaster 56 Inspectors, Hindrance, Interference.... 19G Intermediate Floors _ 203 Joists, Bearing 105 Joists, Floor Span 106 Lights, Floor 140 Lintels and Arches _ 107 Lodging Houses _ 55 (Also see State Hotel and Lodging House Law.) Loads — Factories 131 Floor and roof 130 Mezzanine floor 203 Intermediate floor 203 Masonry 129 Warehouse floors _ 131 Soils, bearing capacity 128 Masonry — (See Class "A" Buildings, etc.) Piers, bond plates Ill Retaining walls 108 Arches and lintels 130 Underpinning walls 110 Foundation walls, dimensions 109 Thickness outer walls 112 Exterior walls 114 Party or division walls 115 Reduced thickness 114 Existing party walls 113 Fire walls 118 Inoreas'ng height. Class "C" 117 Bond in brickwork 121 Bond joints, facing brick 123 Care of wall in construction 122 Veneering, also Sec. 125 124 Recesses in walls 119 Furred walls 1^0 Safe loads 129 Materials, Weights of 132 Measurements of Buildings 139 Metal Lath 201 Mezzanine Floor „ 203 Mudsills, Frame Buildings 106 Outbuildings, Tents, Sheds 145 Partitions, Wood, etc 116 Party Walls, Thickness 115 Existing 113 Penalty for Violation 299 Permit — Fees for 3 Double fees 3 How obtained 2 When necessary 2-5 Expires when 5 Revocation 195 New pe'-mit needed 195 Pipes — (See also "Stand Pipes.") Basement inlets 171 In columns or girders 101 In walls 100 Plans and Specifications — Concrete construction 174 Fire escapes 154 Modification of 2-3 Stamped, filed; not approved 2 When necessary 2-3 Plaster Board 202 Pressed Brick Facinq 123 Projections, Balconies, etc 152 Public Halls 58 Recesses in Walls 119 Reduced Thickness, Brick Walls 114 Reinforced Concrete Construction — Sees. 174 to 190. Architect's (licensed) approval 174a Definitions 175 Design- — beams, slabs, columns 180 Foundations, concrete for 190 Forms 182 Inspector required _.174c Load tests 183 Materials, requirements of 175 Measurements for calculations 174b Mixing 178c Plans required 174a Proportions and mixing 178 Stresses 179 Tests of cement 176 Tests of steel 177 Walls, thickness of 181 Repairs, Emergency Notice 191 In fire districts 191 Retaining Walls, When Required 108 Review'ng Stands, Construction of 144 Un.safe 193 Revoking Permit 195 Roofs, Drainage, Fire Districts 133 Roof loads _. 130 Poof structures 135 Sanitariums, Construction of 53-54 Shifts, Elevators, Freight 25 Sheds and Tents, Fire District 145 Sidewalk, Basement Under 150 Protection and scaffolding 151 Use of, and streets 149 Sipns, Lights to Fire Escape 162 (See Special Ordinance on Signs.) Skvlights — Class "A" buildings _ IS Class "B" buildings „ 28 Class "C" buildings 39 Class "D" buildings 49 Smokehouses _ 97 Smoke Pipes, Not Permitted 92 Smokestacks 92 Sprinkler System _ 165 Basement sprinkler system _ 166 Soils, Bearing Capacity of 128 Stables _ _ 146 Terra Cotta Blocks 188-52 Stairways to Basement 197 Theaters 68 Cass "A" buildings _ 16 Class "B" buildings 24 Class "C" buildings _ 35 Class "D" buildings _ 47 Stands, Reviewing, Construction of.... 144 Reviewing, unsafe 193 Standpipes, Couplings and Fittings 168 Interior, number, construction 170 Location and number 169 Outside, number and construction.... 167 Water connections 165 Steam Pipes 99 Steel Girders, Fireproofing 102 Stories, Height of _ 137 Stovepipes, Not Permitted 92 Streets, Use in Build'nq 110 Structures, Damaged 40 per cent 192 Tanks _. 120 Temporary Covering, Sidewalks _ 151 Tempora'-y Walks and Fences 149 Tents, Sheds, etc _.. 145 Terra Cotta Blocks — (Pee "Hollow Blocks.") Chimneys _ 92 Hollow, partitions and floors 34 Tests 188 Tests of Cement _ 176 Terra cotta blocks 52-188 113 Theaters — Sees. 59 to 80. (See Special Ordinance on Picture Theaters.) Aisles and seats 6!i Asbestos curtain 64 Axes and hooks equipment...- 77 Balcony and gallery 67 Barrels, buckets, extinguishers 77 Boiler rooms, heating 76 Construction, class 59 Corner lot, spec, requirements 61 Dressing rooms, partitions, etc 6.5 Electric wiring 77 Entrance foyer 67 Existing theaters 80 Exits and exit doors 70 Exit lights 74 Exits from balcony, galler- 72 Exterior walls 63 Fire department supervision 78 Fire protection 77 Floors, stage and others 66 Foyer and entrance, width 67 Foyer, etc., capacity 62 Foyer, partitions, door in 67 Frontage, on streets required 60 Gallery fronts 71 Gas mains, contract of 77 Gridiron, construction 66 Heating apparatus room 76 License for performances 59 Lights over exits 74 Lodgings, etc., not permitted 75 Partitions, dressing rooms „. 65 Part't'ons, foyers or lobbies 67 Passages, courts, unobstructed 60 Permitted to enter any time 79 Property room 75 Proscenium wall, construction 64 Seats, construction of 69 Snrinkler system 77 Stage floor 66 Stage ventilation 73 Stairways from balcony, gallery 72 Stairways, inside 68 .Stairways, constr. and landings 63 Stairways, stage 68 Stand pipes and hose 77 Ventilation of stage 73 "Wainscoting gallery fronts 71 Windows 65 Workshop, property or store room.... 75 Tenement House — (Also see State Tenement House Law) 55 Tile Blocks (Pee "Hollow Blocks")..52-188 Timber Details ~- 106 Ties, Steel Girders „ _ 103 And stirrups 104 Trimmer Arches 107 Towers. Steel Frame 199 Underpinning Walls 110 Unlawful to Alter Plans 2 To begin without permit 196 To hinder or interfere 196 To do work after stopped 195 Violations 1 Unsafe Buildinqs 193 Urinal Ventilation _ 138 Use of Sidewalks or Street 149 Veneering 124 Bond 125 Ventilation, Churches, Halls 58 Urinals, water closets 138 Vents for Gas Grates, Logs 83 For gas heaters 82 Walks, Temporary, and Fences 149 Walls, Masonry — (See Class "A," "B," "C" buildings.) (See "Reinforced Concrete.") Care of in construction 122 Cellar, frame buildings _ 43 Communicating openings in 141 Curtain 11-181 Dwellings, thickness of 112 Fire walls _... 118 Foundations, "A," "B." "C" 109 Foundations, Class "D" 42 Furred out 120 Outer, thickness of 112 Party and division 115 Party, existing 113 Recesses in liy Reduced thickness 114 Reinforced concrete, th'ckness isi Retaining, when necessary 108 Safe loads 129 Terra cotta 34 In Are districts 52 Hollow tile blocks 188 L^nderpinning 110 Warehouses — Definition 131i^ Floor and roof loads 130 Live load certificate 131 Water Closet, Ventilation 138 Water Connections, Stand Pipes 168 Weight of Materials 132 Windows, Fire Exposure _ 140 Wood Beam Capacity 106 Wood Part tions, How Permitted 116 Woodworking Plants, Boiler Rooms... 91 NOTEr See State Laws for Tenement Houses, Hotels, Lodging and Rooming Houses, and Dwelling Houses, or any building or structure on same lot. See Special Ordinances for Garages, Moving Picture Theaters, Roof Signs, etc. BUILDING ORDINANCE INDEX TO PLUMBING. Section Additional work, old buildings 283 Angle, vent pipe to waste pipe 263 Blowoff, steam boilers, etc 279 Capacity, toilet tanks 276 Certilicate of inspection _ 254 Cesspool connection 284 Construction 285 Classification of fittings _ 257-8 Cleanouts, lower terminals, vertical, lines _ 256-8 Concealed work, drains 259 Connections, several kinds of pipings 271 Rain water leaders 275 Sewer and cesspool 284 Construction, defective work _ 253 Defective work 253 Remove and repair _ 253 Definition of terms _ 286 Drain pipes 259 D'stance from building 259 Fall, fittings, inspection 259 Fall on sewers 259 Fall on vents 262 Fees for permits 3 Fittings 257-8-9-269 Flusho, meter valve 276 Inspection notice for, when _ 253 Inspectors' assistance 253 Obstructions, remove 253 Work uncovered, water test 253 Maintenance, privy vaults, cesspools.. 280 Obstructions to be removed 253 Penalty violations 299 Permit, plumbing, necessary 2 Permit, lees 3 How obtained, when 2-3-252 When not nece.^sary _ 3-252 Refrigerator waste 274 Repairing defective pipe and fittings.. 269 Replacing old fixtures 278 114 Rules and regulations, standard 255 Running trap, house drains 256 Vent, location, cleanouts 256 Safe waste 273 Sand traps 272 Sanitary "T's," where prohibited 258 Sewer and cesspool connections 284 Sewer, drain pipes 259 Soil and waste pipes, under or inside building- 257 Construction, material, fittings 257 "T's," sanitary "T's" 258 Test and testing 253-270 Trapping and tiaps, direct, indirect 260 Distance of tiap fiom outlet 260 Fixtures 260 Vents and venting..: 256-262-264-265-266 Violations, penalty 290 Watei' closets, etc., prohibited 261 Tank capacity 276 Waste piping, ang-le, etc 267 Connections to special fixtures 282 Water supply to buildings 276 Water test 253 Weight, castiron soil 268 Yard closets, vent 264 BUILDING ORDINANCE INDEX TO GAS PIPING. Section Automatic heaters 290 Bracket outlets, bent, offset, elbow.... 290 Burners, number allowed, how esti- mated 290 Certificate of inspection, when issued 289 Concealed work, center outlets and drops 290 To be left uncovered foi' inspection 288 Cookstoves, size pipe 290 Dangerous, gas pipe and fittings 291 Defective, construction, inaterial..289-291 Depressions 290 Drips 290 Fees 3 Fireplace outlets 290 Fixtures 290 Gasfitters' cement, etc., prohibited 290 Gas fixtures 290 Gas furnace vents 85 1/^ Gas grates, logs, vents 83 Gas heater vents 82 Gas meters 84 Gas meters prohibited under stair- ways, etc 84 Gas pipe, dangerous 291 Gas piping, installation, permit 2-3-287 Inspection notice, how given 288 Gas pipes, size of, length allowed 290 Gas not to be supplied, shut off 291 Grate outlets 290 Heaters, automatic '. 290 Instantaneous 290 Vents, room vents 82 Hot plates, size pipe 290 Inspections, number of, when, how made 288 Inspection certificate 289 Instantaneous heater, size pipe 290 Length and size pipe allowed 290 Meter and connections 287 Notice of inspection 288 Number of burners allowed 290 Pipe — See Gas Pipe — Penalty, violations 299 Permits necessary, how obtained. .2-3-287 Riser pipes, size, location 290 Rules and regulations 290 Size pipes, length, etc 290 Stove outlets 290 Test 290 Traps, depressions 290 Union joints prohibited 290 Unlawful to supply gas 289 Unlawful to use pipes 289 Vents, g-as grates and logs 83 Gas water heaters 82 Bath rooms, and closets 82 Violations, penalties 299 Water in pipes prohibited 290 Work, unconcealed until inspected 288 NOTE: See also Building Ordinance for Gas Vents, Standplpes, Sprinkler Sys- tems, Water Closet Room Vents, etc. See also State Tenement, Hotel and Lodqing House, and Dwelling House Laws. See also Ordinange Regulating the Business of Plumbing and Gas Piping, and the Registration of Master Plumbers. ED. WESTBERG Plastering Contractor 527 E. Ave. 39 Office: 60608; Main 6561. Res. East 879 NATIONAL CORNICE WORKS (Incorporated) General Sheet Metal Work MANUFACTURERS OF FIREPROOF METAL DOORS & WINDOWS Home Phone A 4118 1327 Channing St. Los Angeles, Cal. 115 State Tenement House Act — 1917 An act to regulate the erection, construc- tion, reconstruction, moving, alteration, maintenance, use and occupancy of ten- ement houses, and the maintenance, use and occupancy of the premises and land on which tenement houses are erected or located, in all parts of the State of California, including incorporated towns, incorporated cities, and incorporated cities and counties, and to provide pen- alties for the violation thereof; and re- pealing an act entitled "An act to regu- late the building and occupancy of tene- ment houses in incorporated towns, in- corporated cities, and cities and counties, and to provide penalties for the violation thereof, and repealing an act entitled 'An act to regulate the build'n^ and occupancy of tenement houses in incorporated towns, incoroo- rated cities, and cities and counties, and to provide penalties for the viola- tion thereof,' aoproved Aoril 16, 1909, statutes of California of 1939, page 94S," aDoroved Anril 10, 1911, statutes of Cali- fornia of 1911, pane ?60, and aooroved Jime 13, 1913, statutes of California, 1913, page 737, and aoproved May 29, 1915, statutes of California, page 952, and all acts amendatory thereof. Ap- proved Mav 31. 1917. In effect Septem- ber 1, 1917. Statutes of California of 1917, page 1473. The peoDle of the State of California do enact as follows: Title of act. Jurisdiction. Sec. 1. This act shall be known as the " state tenement house act" and its pro- visions s'lall apply to all parts of the State of California, including incorporated towns, incorporated cities, and incorpo- rates cities and counties. Enforcement of act. Building depart- ment. Health department. Housing deoartmen*. Commission of Immi- gration and Housing. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of tne "building department" of every incorpo- rated town, incorporated city, and incor- porated city and county, to enforce all the provisions of this act pertaining to the erection, construction, reconstruction, moving, conversion, alteration and ar- rangement of tenement houses and to is- sue the certificate of "final completion" hereinafter provided. It shall be the duty of the "housing department" or if there is no housing de- partment the health department of every incorporated town, incorporated city, and incorporated city and county to enforce all of the provisions of this act pertain- ing to the maintenance, sanitation, ven- tilation, use and occupancy of tenement houses after said tenement houses have been erected, constructed, or altered, as the case may be, and the certificate of "fin^l completion" has been issued by the building department, and to issue the "permit of occupancy" as hereinafter pro- vided. In the event that there is no building department or no housing department or health department in an incorporated town, incorporated city or incorporated city and county, it shall be the duty of the officer or officers who are charged with the enforcement of ordinances and laws regulating the erection, construction or alteration of buildings, or the main- tenance, sanitation, ventilation or occu- pancy of buildings, or of the police, fire or health regulations in said incorporated town, incorporated city or incorporated city or county to enforce all of the pro- visions of this act. In every county it shall be the duty of the officer cr officers who are charged with the enforcement of ordinances or laws regulating the erection, construction or alteration of buildings, or of the main- tenance, sanitation, occupancy and ven- tilation of buildings, or of the police, fire or health regulations in said county, to enforce all of the provisions of this act outside of t'le limits of any incorporated town or incorporated city. Every incorporated town, incorporated city, or incorporated city and county in the State of California shall have, and it is hereby empowered and given author- ity to designate and charge by ordinance any other department or officer tlian the department or officers mentioned herein, with the enforcement of this act, or any portion thereof. The commission of immigration and housing of California shall have, and it is her.olDy empowered and given authority to enforce the provisions of this aci, which do pertain to the actual erection, construction, reconstruction, moving, alteration or arrangement of tenement houses in all incorporated towns, in- corporated cities and incorporated cities and counties, and counties in the State of California, whenever said commission finds or discovers a violation or violations of the provisions of this act and notifies the local department or officer, or de- partments or officers who are charged with the enforcement of the provisions of this act, in writing, of such violation or violations, and the said local department or officer, or departments or officers, fail, neglect or refuse to enforce the provisions of said act within thirty days thereafter: provided, however, that the said commis- sion of immigration and housing of Cali- fornia shall enforce the provisions of this act onlv in the instances specified in said written order. Matters declared unlawful. Nuisance forbidden. Sec. 3. It shall be unlawful for an>- person, firm or corporation, whether as owner, agent, contractor, l)uilder, archi- tect, engineer, superintendent, foreman, plumber, tenant, lessee, lessor, occupant, or in any other capacity whatsoever, to erect, construct, reconstruct, alter, build upon, move, convert, use, occupy or maintain, or to cause, permit, or suffer to be erected, constructed, reconstructed, al- tered, built upon, moved, converted, used, occupied or maintained any tenement house or any portion thereof contrary to 116 the provisions of this act, or to commit or maintain or cause or permit to be com- mitted or maintained any nuisance in or upon any tenement house or any portion thereof, or any of the premises, yards, or courts which are a part thereof, or which are required by the provisions of this act; or to do or cause to be done, or to use or cause to be used, any privy, sewer, cesspool, plumbing or house drain- age affecting- the sanitary condition of any tenement house or any portion there- of, or of the premises thereof, contrary lo any of the provisions of this act. Alterations and reconstruction to con- form. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person to make any alterations or changes, or reconstruction work of any kind whatsoever, to any tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act, or to any tenement house hereafter erect- ed, or to increase the height or the per- centage of the lot occupied, in any man- ner which would be inconsistent with any of the provisions of this act, or in violation of the said provisions of tnis act, or in any manner to diminish the size of the yards, courts or shafts or the size of windows or skylights, or to re- move any stairway or fire escape, or to obstruct the egress from such building or from the hallways or stairways, or to do anything that would effect the ventilation and sanitation of the building, contrary to any of the provisions of this act. Converted or moved building to comply. House damaged more than 51 per cent. Sec. 5. A building not erected for, or which is not used as a tenement house at the time of the passage of this act, if hereafter converted to or altered for such use, shall thereupon become subject to all of the provisions of this act affecting tenement houses hereafter erected. A building used as a tenement house at the time of the passage of this act, If moved, shall be made to conform to all of the provisions of this act affecting tenement houses hereafter erected, in so far as they pertain to the percentage of lot occupied, and the size of outer courts, inner courts bounded by a lot line, and yards. It shall be unlawful to reconstruct any tenement house which is hereafter dam- aged by fire or the elements to an extent in excess of fifty-one (51) per cent of its physical proportions, unless the said building is made to conform to all of the provisions of this act affecting tenement houses hereafter erected. Violation of act a misdemeanor. Pro- cedure. Sec. 6. Any person, firm or corpora- tion violating any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a mis- demeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine not exceea- ing five hundred dollars, or by imprison- ment in a county jail not exceeding six inonths, or by both such fine and impris- onment, and in addition to the penalty therefor, shall be liable for all costs, ex- pense and disbursements paid or incurred by the department, by any of the ofl^cers thereof, or by any agent, employee or contractor of same, in the prosecution of such violation. The costs, expense and disbursements by this section proviaed shall be fixed by the court having juris- diction of the matter. Except as herein otherwise specified. the procedure for the prevention of vio- lations of this act, for the vacation of tenement houses or premises unlawfully occupied, or for the abatement of a nui- sance in connection with a tenement house or the premises thereof, shall be as set forth in the charter and ordinances of the municipality in which the proce- dure is instituted. Application for permit to erect, convert, move or add to a tenement house. Statement verified by oath. Plans filed in duplicate. Plan of lot. Specifica- tions. Name and address of owner, architect and contractor. Changes In plans to be approved. Approved plan on work. Nominal alterations. Revo- cation of permit. When permit ex- pires after 90 days. Sec. 7. In every incorporated town, incorporated city, and incorporated city and count5% it shall be unlawful to com- mence or to proceed with the erection, construction, reconstruction, conversion, or alteration of a tenement house, or to move or to build upon a tenement house, or to convert a building or any portion thereof into use as a tenement house, without first obtaining a permit in writ- ing so to do from the department charged with the enforcement of this act. Any person, firm or corporation desiring sucn a permit shall file an application therefor with the department charged with the en- forcement of this act. Said application shall give a detailed statement in writ- ing, verified under oath by the person making the same, of the erection, con- struction, reconstruction, moving, con- version, or alteration, as the case may be, upon blanks or forms to be furnished by the said department. The saia appli- cation must be accompanied with a full, true and complete set of plans of the tenement house or alteration, or work proposed, as the case may be, together with a set of specifications describing the materials proposed to enter into the con- struction of the proposed work, also a plan of the lot on which such building is proposed to be erected, constructed, re- constructed, converted, altered, or inoved, as the case may be. Such statement shall give in full the name and address by street and number of the owner or owners, also the name and address of the architect and of the contractor, if there be such an architect or contractor; also shall give such other data and informa- tion as in the judgment of the depart- ment charged with the enforcement of this act is deemed necessary. The affidavit to said application shall allege that the plans and specifications are true and contain a correct description of the proposed tenement house, lot and proposed work. If any person other than the owner makes such affidavit, such per- son shall not be recognized except that he allege in his affidavit that he is au- thorized and empowered by the said' owner to act for him and to sign the required affidavit. Said department charged with the enforcement of this act shall cause all such plans, specifications and statements to be examined, and if it appears that they conform to the pro- visions of this act, shall then issue a permit to the person submitting the same. Said department may, from time to time, approve changes in any plans, specifica- tions or statements previously approved' by it; provided, that all changes when so- 117 tiiade shall be in conformity with the Iirovisioiis of this act. Said department shall have the power to revoke or can- cel an.\- permit or approval that it has l)revioiisly issued in case of any refusal, failure oi' neglect of the person to whom such permit or approval has been issued to comply with any of the provisions of this act, or in case any false statement or misrepresentation is made in any of the said plans, specifications or state- ments submitted or filed for such permit or approval. The erection, construction, reconstruction, moving, alteration or conversion of any such tenement house, as the case may be, shall be made in ac- cordance with the plans, specifications and statements suljniitted or filed and for which the permit is issued. A true copy of the plans, specifications and other information suV>mitted or filed, upon which a permit is issued, with the approval of the department with which they are filed, stamped or written there- on shall be kept upon the premises of the tenement house or work for which the said permit is issued, from the com- mencement of the said building or work to the final completion of same, and shall be subject to inspection at all times by I>roper authorities. The department charged with the en- forcement of this act may, at its discre- tion, issue a permit in case of nominal alterations or repairs, when application is made therefor, in writing, by the owner or his agent, when the making of said nominal alterations and repairs do not affect any structural features or the sani- tation or the ventilation of the tenement house, without requiring the filing of l)lans or specifications. Tlie issuance or granting of a permit or approval by the department charged with the enforcement of this act under the authority of this section shall not be deemed or construed to Ije a permit or an approval of the violation of any of the provisions of this act. Every permit or approval which is is- sued by the department charged with the enforcement of this act, l)ut under which no work has been done within ninety days, shall expire by limitation and a new permit shall be obtained be- fore the work may be done. "Certificate of Final Completion" from building department on application therefor. "Permit of Occupancy" to be obtained from health department or housing department on written application. Issued in duplicate. Sec. 8. In every incorporated town, in- corporated city, and incorporated city and county, it shall be unlawful to occupy or to permit to be occupied, any tene- ment house hereafter erected, construct- ed, reconstructed, altered, converted or moved, as the case may be, or any por- tion thereof, for human habitation until the issuance of a "certificate of final completion" and a "permit of occupancy" by the department or departments charged with the enforcement of this act. It shall also be unlawful to occupy any existing tenement house until a permit of occupancy has been issued by the department designated to issue such per- mit. Every permit of occupancy shall be re- newed each calendar year by the depart- ment designated to issue the said permit; l)rovided, that no structural alterations or changes have occurred since the issu- ance of the certificate of final comple- tion; and pi'ovided, that all other provi- sions of this aci have been complied with. An>' person desiring a certificate shall file a notice with the department charged with the enforcement of this act. Said department shall cause an inspection to be made of the said tenement house or portion thereof, or woi'k described in the said notice, within ten days after written application therefor, and shall issue a "certificate of final completion" if it is found that all the provisions of this act, regulating the erection, construction, al- teration or moving, as the case may he, have been complied with. The department charged with the en- forcement of this act and designated to issue the permit of occupancy, shall is- sue the said "permit of occupancy" upon application, in writing, therefor by the owner or his agent, and upon the filing by the owner or his agent of such state- ments or records required by the depart- ment, after the "certificate of final com- pletion" has been issued; provided, that no violations have occurred since the issuance of the certificate of final com- pletion, or, in the case of a tenement house erected piioi- to the passage of this act, and for which no certificate of final completion has been issued, then af- ter the said department has caused an inspection to have been made of the said tenement liouse and has found that all of the provisions of this act applying to such tenement house have been complied with. All permits and certificates shall be made in duplicate and a copy shall re- main on file in the department issuing them. Any tenement house hereafter erected, altered, converted or moved, which is occupied, or any portion thereof which is occupied for human haljitation, prior to a "certificate of final completion" or a "permit of occupancy" being issued, shall l)e deemed a nuisance, and the depart- ment or departments charged with the enforcement of this act may cause it to be vacated until the said certificate of completion and permit of occupancy have been obtained in accordance with the pro- visions of this act. When and by whom house may be en- tered. Sec. 9. The department or departments charged with the enforcement of this act in any incorporated town, incorporated city, incorporated city and county, or county, and the authorized officers, agents or employees of such department or de- partments, may, whenever necessary, en- ter tenement houses or portions thereof, or the premises thereof, within the cor- porate limits of such towns, cities, cities and counties, or counties, for the purpose of inspecting such buildings, in order to secure compliance with the provisions of this act and to prevent violations there- of. The members of the commission of im- migration and housing of California and the agents, officers or employees of said commission may, whenever necessary, enter tenement houses or portions there- of, or the premises thereof, for the pur- pose of inspecting such buildings in order to secure compliance with the provisions of this act and to prevent further viola- tions thereof. The owner or his authorized agent may. 118 whenever necessary, enter tenement houses, or portions thereof, or the prem- ises thereof, owned by him, to carry out any instructions or to perform any work required to be done by the provisions of tliis act. Definitions. Sec. 10. For the purpose of this act, certain words and phrases are defined as follows, unless it shall be apparent rrom their context that they have a different meaning. Words used in the singular include the plural, and the plural, the singular. Words used in the present tense in- clude the future. Words used in the masculine gender include the feminine, and the feminine the masculine. Words "building department," "housing department," "health department," "de- partment charged with the enforcement of this act," "fire commissioner," shall be construed as if followed by the words, "of the incorporated town, incorporated city, incorporated city and county, or county," as the case may be, in which the tenement house is situated. "Apartment" is a room or suite of rooms which is occupied, or is intended or designed to be occupied by one family for living and sleeping purposes. "Approved" as applied to building mater- ials, appliances and appurtenances. "Approved" ineans whatever maierial, appliance, appurtenance, or other matier meets the requirements and approval of the department charged with the enforce- ment of this act, or which is approved by local ordinance of the municipality in which the building is situated, or any ap- pliance, appurtenance, or other matter which conforms to the requirements of, and bears the approval of the "national board of fire underwriters"; provided, however, that no such material, appli- ance, appurtenance, or other matter shall be deemed "approved" for use where, or in such a manner as would be inconsist- ent with the intent, or specific provisions of this act. Basements defined. Excavation below curb or ground level. Basement is a story. "Basement" is any story or portion thereof partly below the level of the curb or the actual adjoining ground level, the ceiling of which in no part is less than seven feet above the curb level, or actual adjoining ground levels. If the ad- joining ground is excavated to or below the curb level, or to or below the adjoin- ing natural ground level, such excavated space shall have not less than the mini- mum w'dth and length required in this act for outer courts. Everv basement is a story. "Building" is a tenement house. "Buildinj department" means the com- missioner of buildings, superintendent of build. ngs, chief inspector of buildings, or any ofFcer or department charged with the enforcement of ordinances and laws regulating the construction and alteration of buildings or structures. "Cellar" is any story or portion there- of, the ceiling of which in any part is less than seven feet above the curb level and actual adjoining ground levels. Courts are inner and outer. See sections 22 and 23. A street-+o-yard court Is now called a side yard. How far cor- nice may project Into court. "Court" is an open, unoccupied space other than a yard on the lot on which is situated a tenement house. A court, one entire side or end of which is bounded by a front yard, a rear yard, or a side yard, or by the front of lot, or by a street or a public alley, is an "outer court." Every court which is not an "outer court" is an "inner court." Every court shall be open and unob- structed to the sky from a point not moi'e than two feet above the floor line of the lowest story in the building in which there are windows from rooms or apartments aljutting the said court, ex- cept that a cornice on the building ma>' extend into an "outer court" two inches for each one foot in width of such court, and a cornice may extend into an "inner- court" one inch for each one foot in width of such court. "Curb level" is the curb level opposite the center of the "front of lot." Wherever the word "department" is used it means the building department, the housing department, the health de- partment or such other department or officer, or departments or officers, who are charged with the enforcement of the provisions of this act. "Family" is one person living alone or a group of two or more persons living to- gether in an apartment, whether related to each other by birth or not. Fireproof house constructed of "ap- proved" materials. See definition of "approved." "Fireproof tenement house" is a build- ing wherein all the exterior and interior loads or strains are transmitted to the foundation by means of concrete, rein- fored concrete, brick, stone, or by means of a skeleton framework of steel or iron, the exterior walls, inner court walls and roof constructed of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone or hollow terra cot- ta tile; where all the structural steei ui iron is thoroughly fire-proofed by con- crete, cement plaster, tile, brick or sand- stone, not less than two inches tnicK, where all the interior partitions are con- structed of either hollow terra cotta tile blocks, gymsum blocks, brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, or of metal studs lathed with metal lath and plasterea not less than three-ciuarters inch thick in- cluding the plaster board, or constructed of wire glass not less than one-tourtn inch thick, set in metal frames and sash, and all other materials used in the said building are of approved incombustible material, except that the glass in win- dows, transoms, or doors may be plain glass, and except that doors, frames, sash and the usual trim of rooms, hallways, corridors and passagewavs may be of wood, and except that wood floors may be placed on top of the floors and construct- ed of incombustible materials, except in the stairways and public hallways. When department of public health Is houslni department. "Housing department" is any depart- ment or commission charged with the en- forcement of ordinances or laws regulat- ing the occupancy and maintenance of tenement houses, hotels or dwelling house buildings; and where no such department is maintained, shall be deemed to be the health commissioner, the department of health, health officer, or similar depan- ment charged with the enforcement of laws and ordinances relating to the pro- tection of the public health. "Kitchen" is any room in any apart- 119 ment used oi' intended or' designed to l>e used for cook ins purposes and for the ])reparation of food. "Lot" is a parcel or area of land on which is situated a tenement house, to- gether with the land, yards, courts and unoccupied spaces for such a tenement house as reciuired b.\' this act; all of which land shall be owned by or be under the absolute lawful control and in the lawful possession of the tenement house. Corner lot defined. Part of corner lot more than 75 feet from corner. Eith- er frontage of corner lot may be front of lot. A lot situated at the junction of two or more interseciinj^: streets, with a boim- dary line thereof bordering' on each of the two streets, is a "corner lot."' All parts of the width of such a corner lot which are distant more than seventy-five feet from the junction ))oint of the two or more intersecting streets, shall be deemed to be an "interior lot." The owner or his authorized agent may designate either street frontage as being the front of such corner lot for the puri^ose of deterinining the width tliereof. Interior lot defined. A lot which has onl\' one boundary line bordering on a public street is an "interioi- lot." "Rear lot" is a parcel or area of land having no boundary line bordering on a street, or having less than one-half of its width as a boundary line bordering on a street. "Front of lot" is the boundary line of lot bordering on the street. In case of a corner lot, either of such boundary lines inay be the "front of lot." "Rear of lot" is the boundary line of lot opposite the "front of lot." "Depth of lot" is the mean distance fi'om the "front of lot" to the "i-ear of lot." Nuisance, what constitutes. "Nuisance" embraces public nuisance as known at common law or in equity jurisprudence, and whatever is dangerous to human life or detrimental to health, and shall also embrace the overcrowding with occupants of an>' room, insufTicienl ventilation, or illumination, or inadequate or insanitar.v sewerage or plumbing fa- cilities, or uncleanliness, and whatever renders air, food or drink unwholesome or detrimental to the health of human be- ings. Occupied space defined. Where measured. "Occupied space" is all the space co\- ered by a tenement house, including out- side stairways, platforms, fire escapes, balconies, fire tow^ers, chimneys, stacks, vent shafts, not exceeding thirty- two square feet in area, cornice or any part thereof, which projects into an inner court more than one inch for each one foot in width of such court, or which pro- jects into an outer court or yard more than two inches for each one foot in width of such court or a yard, except that outside stairways, platforms and bal- conies constructed of open metal work and fire escapes may extend not exceed- ing four feet beyond the exterior walls of the building into a front or rear yard, and except that a retaining wall may ex- lend not to exceed twelve inches into a yard or court. For the purpose of de- termining occupied space, the area of the building shall be taken at the lowest story or portion thereof used for living or sleeping purposes. "Person" is a natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns; and also includes a firm, partnership or cor- poration, or their successors or assigns. "Public hallawy" is a hallway, corridor, passageway or vestibule not within an apartment, and includes stairways, lann- ings and platforms. "Rear tenement house" is a tenement house on a "rear lot." Materials for semifireproof house. See section 12 for height limit. "Semifireproof tenement hotise" is a l)uilding with all exterior walls and walls of interior and outer coiu'ts I'onstructed of brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete or hollow terra cotta tile: except that the walls of an interior court, which is sur- rounded on four sides by the same build- ing, ma>- be constructed as iirovided in this act for interior courts; interior par- titions and floors constructed of approved incombustible materials or of wood, with all ceilings, partitions, soffits of stair- ways, and outside stringers of open stair- ways and stair wells metal lathed and plastered not less than three-tfuarters inch thick including the lath or lathed with an approved plaster board plastered not less than three-ciuarters inch thick including the plaster board; in which all finished floors, frames, doors and the usual trim of rooms and hallways may be built of wood and the roof of which shall be covered with at least a composi- tion fire-retardant material. "Shall." Whenever this word is used it shall be mandatory. "Street" is any public street, alley, thoroughfare or park having a minimum width of sixteen feet, measured from "front of lot" to the opposite "front of lot," and which shall have Ijeen dedicatea or deeded to the public for pulilic use. Tenement house defined. A three-story, three-flat house is included In the definition. "Tenement house" is any house or Ijuilding, or portion thereof, more man one story in height, which is designed, built, rented, leased, let or hired out to be occupied, or which is occupied as the home or residence of three or more fami- lies living independently of each other and doing their cooking in the said build- ing; provided, however, that any Iniilding not more than two stories in height which is designed, built, lented, leased, let or hirad out to be occupied, or is occupied as the home or residence of not more than fotir families, and the said building is so arranged that each of the said families live independently of each other and the building is constructed and ar- ranged so that a separate section is, or luay be, kept as a home or residence of a separate family, and each such section has an entirely independent and separate entrance, and if a stairwa.s' is required, one such stairway leading to each sec- tion from the street or from an outside vestibule on the level of the first floor of said building is a separate stairway, and with no room, hallway, bathroom, water closet, or kitchen used in common by two or more families occupying the same l)uilding, shall be deemed not to come within the definition of a "tenement bouse." Wooden tenement house to have ceilings, walls and partitions of public hallway wire lathed or plaster boarded. See section 12 for height limit. "^^'ooden tenement house" is a building 120 which does not fully comply with the re- quirements for a "fireproof" or "semi- flreproof" tenement house as defined in this act, and shall include all frame and all veneered buildings. In every such building' all ceilings and walls and partitions of public hallways, sofflts of interior stairways and the out- side stringers of open stairways, and stair wells shall be metal lathed and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath, or lathed with an ap- proved plaster board plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the plaster board. Front yard. Rear yard. Side yard. "Yard" is a portion of a lot on which is situated a tenement house and whlcn is unoccupied by the building and extends from the ground up (except where other- wise provided by this act) open and unob- structed to the slty; except that outside stairways, platforms and balconies con- structed of open metal work and fire escapes may extend not more than four feet into such yards. If such yard is between the front line of the building and the front boundary line of the lot, it is a "front yard." If it is between the ex- treme rear line of the building and the rear of the lot, it is a "rear yard." If it extends from the rear yard to the front yard or front of the lot, it is a "side yard." Rear tenement house forbidden. When building erected in front of tenement house. Width of front yard. Sec. 11. No tenement house shall here- after be erected on, or moved on to, a rear lot. No building for any purpose shall hereafter be erected in front of any tenement house unless there shall be left unoccupied a front yard extending from the front of the rear tenement house to the front line of lot bordering on the street. Such front yard shall not be in any part less in width than fifty per cent of the actual width of the rear tenement house. Limits of height of fireproof, semifire- proof and wooden tenements In stories and feet. Basement is a story. Sec. 12. No fireproof tenement house hereafter erected shall exceed one hun- dred fifty feet in height, nor more than one and one-half times the width of the widest street to which the lot on which it is situated abuts. No semifireproof tenement house here- after erected shall exceed six stories at any point, nor more than sixty-five feet in height (except as hereinafter provided), nor more than one and one-half times the width of the widest street to which the lot on which it is situated abuts. No wooden tenement house hereafter erected shall exceed three stories at any point nor more than thirty-six feet in height (except as hereinafter provided), nor more than one and one-half times the width of the widest street to which the lot on which it is situated abuts. The width of the street, for this pur- pose, shall be measured from the extreme front of the building to the front of lot oijposite, across the street. For the purposes of this section a base- ment is a story. The height of a fireproof tenement house is the perpendicular distance from the curb level or adjoining ground levels to the h'ghest point of the roof. The height of a semifiieproof or of a wood- en tenement house is the perpendicular distance from the curb level or adjoining ground levels to the lowest point of the finished ceiling of the top story; provided, that in the case of a semifireproof tene- ment house situated on a lot with the ground sloping downward from the facade at which the measurement is taken the he'ght of the building shall not at any lio'nt exceed sixty-five feet above the curb level measured on the facade facing *" the street, nor shall the height of the Iniilding at any point of the grade exceed seventy-five feet above the adjoining curb in ease of a corner lot, or above the level of the ground in the case of an interior lot, and in the case of a wooden tene- ment house situated on a lot with the ground sloping downward from the facade at which the measurement is taken the he'ght of the building shall not at any point exceed thirty-six feet above the curb line measured on the facade facing the street, nor shall the he'ght of the 1)nilding at any point of the grade exceed fortv-six feet above the adjoining curb m the case of a corner lot or above the level of the ground in the case of an interior lot. Per-^entage of lot unoccupied. Sec. 13. On every corner lot on which a tenement house is hereafter erected, at least ten per cent of such lot shall be left unoccupied; provided, however, that if such corner lot extends through from one street to another street, one-half of the narrowest street to which said lot abuts may be considered as a part of the lot in computing the percentage of lot to be left unoccupied; except that if such one-half of the narrowest street is greater than the rear yard required for such tenement house, then only as much of the said street as is required for the rear yard shall be considered as part of the lot for the purpose of computing the per- centage of lot to be left unoccupied. On every interior lot on which a tene- ment house is hereafter erected, at least twenty-five per cent of such lot shall be left unoccupied; provided, however, that if such interior lot extends through from one street to another street, one-half of the narrowest street to which such lot abuts may be considered as a part of the lot in computing the percentage of lot to be left unoccupied; except that if such one-half of the narrowest street is great- er than the rear yard required for such tenement house, then only as much of the said st»-eet as is required for the rear yard shall be considered as part of the lot for the purpose of computing the per- centage of lot to be left unoccupied. Yard behind each house. Sec. 14. Immediately behind every tenement house hereafter erected there shall be a rear yard extending across the entire width of the lot. Yard or court may serve two houses, when. Distance between front and rear houses. Sec. 15. In no event shall any yard or court be made to serve the purpose of two tenement houses hereafter erected, or of an existing tenement house and a tenement house hereafter erected, unless such yard or court, as the case may be, is of the full size required for two tene- ment houses, and then only in the event that such yard or court, as the case may be, is located on the same lot and owned by or in the absolute lawful control and 121 in the lawful possession of the tenement house it proposes to serve. T\1iere a tenement house, now or here- after erected, stands upon a lot, no other building shall hereafter be placed upon the front or rear of that lot, unless the minimum distance between sucli buildings shall be at least ten feet, and two aldi- tional feet shall be added to such mini- mum distance of ten feet for every story more than one in height of the highest building on the lot. Depth of rear yard, how measurecJ. Sec. 16. The depth of a rear yard shall be measured at right angles from the extreme rear line of the building towards the rear lot line. Rear yard on interior lot. Sizes. Open metal work may extend into. Street- to-street lot. Part of narrowest street allowed. Sec. 17. On every interior lot on which a tenement house is hereafter erected, there shall be provided a rear yard. Such yard shall extend from the ground clear and unobstructed to the sky, and shall extend across the entire widtla of the lot; except that outside stairways, plat- forms and balconies constructed of open metal work and fire escapes may ex- tend not more than four feet into such yard. The minimum depth of such rear yard shall be as follows: Height of building measured from top of wall to floor of yard at point abutting the Depth of rear yard rear yard Not exceeding 36 feet 10 feet Not exceeding 48 feet 11 feet Not exceeding 60 feet 12 feet Not exceeding 72 feet 14 feet Not exceeding 84 feet 16 feet Not exceeding 96 feet 18 feet Not exceeding 108 feet 20 feet Not exceeding 120 feet 22 feet Not exceeding 132 feet 24 feet Not exceeding 150 feet 26 feet Provided, however, that if such interior lot extends through from one street to another street or public alley, one-half of the narrowest street or pubMc alley to which said lot abuts may be considered as a part of the lot in computing the rear yard required by this section. Rear yard corner lot. Size. Where com- mences. Open metal work may ex- tend into. Street-to-street lot. Sec. 18. On every corner lot on whicli a tenement house is hereafter erected there shall be provided a rear yard. Such yard shall extend from the lowest floor which is used for living and sleeping quarters, clear and unobstructed to the sky, and shall extend across the entire width of such lot; except that outside stairways, platforms and balconies con- structed of open metal work and fire escapes inay be extended not more than four feet into such yard. The minimum depth of such rear yard shall be as fol- lows: Depth of corner lot Deptli of rear yard Not exceeding 100 feet. .Not less than 10 per cent of the depth of the lot nor less than 5 feet, nor less than the min- imum width re- (piired for an out- er court, based on the number of stories in such building. Exceeding 100 feet Not less than 10 feet nor less than the minimum width required for an outer court, based on the num- ber of slories in such building. Provided, however, if such coiner lot extends through from one street to an- otlier street, or to a public alley, one- half of the narrowest street or public al- ley to which such lot abuts may be con- sidered as a part of the lot in comput- ing the rear yard required by this sec- tion. Yard-to-street passageway. Sec. 19. ]<^A'er\- reir vard required by this act and not bordering on a street o'' pul)lic alloy and without direct access thereto shall have access to a st^-eet or pulilic alley by means of an unobstructed passageway not less than three feet six inches in clear width, nor less than seven feet in clear height; and if such pas- sageway or any portion thereof passes through a building, such portion there- of shall be built of approved incombus- tible materials, or shall be lathed with metal lath or approved plaster board and be plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath or plaster board, or shall be lined with not less than number twenty-six (gauge) gal- vanized iron, and shall be drained and lig'ited. Front yard. Size of excavation to light basement. Sec. 20. Every front yard which is ex- cavated below the level of the curb or below the adjoining ground level for the purpose of furnishing light and ventila- tion to a basement shall in no part be less in widtii and length than required for outer courts. Side yard. Width. When reduced. Sec. 21. The widtli of every side yard shall be not less than the width required for an outer court except that the pro- visions of this act regarding the maxi- mum lengths of an outer court shall not apply to a side yard; provided, that if there is a side yard on both sides of the building connected one with the other across the rear of the building by the rear yard, then the width of the side yards may be reduced twelve inches. Outer court. Size. Bounded by alley or park. Outer court on lot lines. Sec. 22. The minimum size of every outer court for a tenement house here- after erected shall be as follows: Height of building- based on the full number of stories in the building measured upwnrd from and including the lowest story in wh'ch there is an Mini'iium Maxinuiin apartment or apart- width of length of ments. court court 1 or 2 stories 4 ft. in. 16 ft. in. 3 stories 4 ft. 6 in. 2,'i ft. in. 4 stories 5 ft. 6 in. 30 ft. in. .■) stories 6 ft. in. 3.t ft. in. 6 stories 8 ft. in. 35 ft. in. 7 stories 10 ft. in. 40 ft. in. 8 stories 12 ft. in. 40 ft. in. !) stories 13 ft. in. 40 ft. in. 10 or more stories 14 ft. in. 40 ft. in. There shall be added to the minimum width of each such outer court six inches for each five feet or fractional part there- 122 of in excess of the maximum length; pro- vided, however, that the maximum lengtlis herein provided sliall not apply when the outer court is bounded on one side for its entire length by a lot line; provided, further, that if an outer court is bounded by a public alley or public park, the width of such public alley or public park may be considered a part of the lot in determining the required width of the outer court. Inner court. Size. Door or window at bottom in all tenement houses. Sec. 23. The minimum size of every inner court for tenement houses hereafter erected shall be as follows: Height of building based on the full number of stories in the building measured upward from and including the lowest story in which there is an Minimum Maximum apartment or apart- width of aera of ments. court court 1 or 2 stories 6 ft. in. 75 sq. ft. 3 .stories 7 ft. in. 120 sq. ft. 4 stories 8 ft. in. 160 sq. ft. 5 stories 12 ft. in. 250 sq. ft. 6 stories 16 ft. in. 400 sq. ft. 7 stories 20 ft. in. 625 sq. ft. 8 stories and more 24 ft. in. 840 sq.ft. inner court on lot line. Size. Door or window at bottom and In vent shaft. Existing tenement house. Provided, however, that the minimum size of every inner court which is bound- ed on one side for its entire length by a lot line may be as follows: Height of building based on the full number of stories in the building measured upward from and including the lowest story in which there is an Minimum Maximum apartment or apart- width of aera of ments. court court 1 or 2 stories 5 ft. in. 75 sq. ft. 3 stories 6 ft. in. 120 sq. ft. 4 stories 7 ft. in. 160 sq. ft. 5 stories 9 ft. in. 250 sq. ft. 6 stories 16 ft. in. 400 sq.ft. 7 stories 20 ft. in. 625 sq. ft. 8 stories and more 24 ft. in. S40 sq. ft. Every inner court hereafter constructed and every inner court or vent shaft now in any tenement house shall be provided with a door or window at or near the bottom thereof, giving sufficient access to such court or vent shaft as to enable it to be properly cleaned out. Recess from court, yard or street. Sec. 24. Every recess from a ■ court, yard or street in a tenement house here- after erected shall, unless it conforms to the requirements of this act for an in- ner court, or an outer court, be not less in width than its depth. Every such re- cess shall be open and unobstructed to the sky from a point not more than two feet above the floor line of the lowest story in the building in which there are rooms the said recess proposes to serve. intake to inner court. Size. Construc- tion of. Runs to street, yard or alley. Sec. 25. Every inner court in a tene- ment house hereafter erected shall be provided with one or more horizontal in- takes at the bottom of the court, as fol- lows: Minimum Inner court number Net aggregate areas. of intakes area of intakes Each not ex- ceeding 300 sq. ft. One 19% square feet Each not ex- ceeding 800 sq. ft Two 40 square f»et Each exceed- ing 800 sq. ft Two 60 square feet Every such intake shall always extend directly to the front of lot or front yard, or rear yard, or to a side yard, or to a street, or to a public alley or public park. Whenever more than one intake is required, one such intake shall extend to the front of lot or front yard, and one to the rear yard, public alley, public park, or to the other street, and the court ends of the air intakes shall be as far apart as possible. Each such intake shall consist of an unobstructed duct or passageway having a minimum height of six feet six inches. Every such intake shall be constructed of approved incombustible materials, or shall be lined with at least number twenty-six (gauge) galvanized iron on the inside therof. Such air intakes may be closed at each end with a gate or grill having not less than seventy-five per cent of open work. In case the inner court does not ex- tend below the second floor level, then each such air intake may consist of an unobstructed open duct, constructed of approved incombustible materials or lined with at least number twenty-six (gauge) galvanized iron on the inside thereof, having an interior area of not less than nineteen and one-half square feet, and in no dimension less than twelve inches, and covered at each end with a wire screen of not less than one inch mesh. Every air intake shall be drained and so constructed and arranged as to be leadily cleaned out. Cellar. Living in forbidden. Illuminated and ventilated. Waterproofed. Damp- proofed. When plastered. Sec. 26. In no tenement house shall any room in the cellar be constructed, altered, converted or occupied for living or sleeping purposes. Every cellar shall be illuminated and ventilated. The walls and floor of every cellar hereafter constructed, which are below the ground level, shall be made waterproof and dampproof, and when- ever deemed necessary, and so ordered by the department charged with the en- forcement of this act, the walls and ceil- ings thereof shall be plastered. Basement. When may be lived in. Illu- minated. Ventilated. Dampproof. Wa- terproof. When plastered. Sec. 27. In no tenement house shall any room in the basement be constructed, altered, converted or occupied for living or sleeping purposes, unless such room conforms to all of the requirements of this act for rooms in other parts of the building and that the ceiling of each such room be in all parts not less than seven feet above the adjoining ground level. Every basement shall be illuminated and ventilated. The walls and floors of every basement hereafter constructed, which are below the ground level, shall be made waterproof and dampproof, and whenever deemed necessary, and so or- dered by the department charged with 123 the enforcement of this act, the walls anrl ceilings thereof shall be plastered. Lowest floor. Ventilation under. Ma- terial and size of foundation walls. Ratproofing. Material of floor. Open- ing through floor. Sec. 28. In every tenement house here- after erected, the lowest floor thereof shall be at least eighteen inches aloove the surface soil adjoining and under the floor, and the entire space under such floor shall be kept dry, drained, clean and free from any accumulation of rubbish, debris or filth. Such space under the floor shall be en- closed and provided with a sufficient number of openings with removable screens or similar provisions of a size to insure ample ventilation; provided, how- ever, that in any such building the lowest floor thereof may be less than eighteen inches above the surface soil, but in no case less than six inches, except where masonry floors are laid directly on the soil, if the said floor is made impervious to the ingress of rats or other vermin, as follows: (a) P'oundation walls shall be con- structed of concrete or of brick or stone or other masonry laid in a good mortar or constructed of some other equally as ratproof material. (b) The said foundation walls shall be not less than six inches in thickness at the top nor less than twelve inches in thickness at the bottom, nor extend less than twelve inches below the surface son, and, except where masonry floors are laid directly on the soil, shall extend not less than six inches above the surface soil. (c) Every opening in the foundation walls, for ventilation or for other pur- poses, shall be made rat proof with suit- able metal screens or with some other similar rat proof material. Door or win- dow openings in such walls shall have tight fitting doors or windows. (d) The said lowest floor or different levels thereof, forming a complete floor between the outside walls of the build- ing, shall be constructed either of ma- sonry, or covered with concrete not less than one and one-half inches thick, or constructed of two layers of flooring with a layer of galvanized iron or galvanized iron wire cloth or other approved equally as rat proof material placed between the two layers of flooring. Or, in lieu of the floor being constructed as herein pre- scribed, the entire ground area under the floor shall be covered with concrete not less than two inches thick, except where the surface of the soil is conipo.';e 1 of rock. The rat-proofing material shall al- ways extend under the plates of the ex- terior walls and supporting partitions. (e) All openings throughout the said floor for chimneys, plumbing, water pipes, or for any other purpose, shall t)e closed up tight in the same manner and with the same kind of materials as required under the plates of the exterior walls and supporting partitions, and if the rat- proofing material used for closing of open- ings is other than masonry, it shall ex- tend beyond and underlap the flooring all around the opening, not less than two inches. Rooms. Size of in apartment. Least width. Minimum height. Area of kitchen. Width of water-closet. Height of water-closet, bathroom, slop-sink or dressing room. Size of closet or dressing room. Room not to be subdivided. Sec. 29. In every apartment in every tenement house hereafter erected there shall be at least one room containing not less than one hundred twenty square feet of superficial floor area, and every other room shall contain at least ninety square feet of superficial floor area, ex- cept water-closet, bath or slop-sink com- partments, and except kitchens, closets, recesses from rooms, or dressing rooms. Every kitchen shall contain not less than fifty square feet of superficial floor area. Every room shall at every point be not less than seven feet in width, nor less than nine feet in height, measured from the finished floor to the finished ceiling; except that attic rooms and rooms where sloping ceilings occur need be nine feet in height in but one-half the area of the room; provided, however, that the pro- visions of this paragraph shall not apply to water-closet, bath or slop-sink com- partments, nor to closets, nor to recesses from rooms, nor to dressing rooms, nor shall the provisions of this paragraph as to minimum width apply to kitchens. Every water-closet compartment shall be not less than thirty-six inches in clear width, and every such water-closet com- partment, bath or slop-sink compartment, or closet, or recess from a room, or dress- ing room, shall have a height of not less than seven feet six inches, measured from the finished floor to the finished ceiling. Every closet, recess from a room, or dressing room, which contains more than twenty-five square feet of super- ficial floor area (built-in dressers, clothes presses and similar features which are a substantial jsart of the structure shall not be deemed to be a part of the floor area of a closet, recess from a room) or dressing room shall conform to all of the provisions of this act as to rooms, and shall contain not less than ninety square feet of superficial floor area. No part of any room in any tenement house shall hereafter be enclosed or sub- divided wholly, or in part, by a curtain, portiere, fixed or movable partition, or other contrivance or device, for any pur- pose contrary to any of the provisions of this act. Entertainment, amusement or reception rooms hereafter constructed, altered or converted in any tenement house shall conform to the provisions of section thirtv-three of this act. Windows. Rooms to have. Upon what to open. When may open through porches. Sec. 30. In every tenement house here- after erected every room, kitchen, and every water-closet comijartment, toilet or shower room, and bath or slop-sink room (except in the cellar) shall have at least one window of the area hereinafter re- quired opening directl\- upon a street, or upon a yard or court, of the dimensions specified in this act and located on the same lot. All windows required b\' this act shall be located so as to properly light all por- tions of the rooms, and shall be made so as to open in all parts and so arranged that at least one-half of each such win- dow may be opened unobstructed: pro- vided, however, that the windows re- quired by this section in a water-closet compartment, toilet or shower room, and liath or slop-sink room, may open di- 124 rectly into a vent shaft, such vent shaft to be of the minimum size and con- structed of the materials and in the man- ner prescribed by section sixty-one of this act; provided, furtlier, that windows re- quired to open onto a street, yard, or an outer court, except windows from li;itch- ens, may open through porclies, provided that said porclies do not exceed seven feet in depth measured at right angles to the windows and that at least seventy- five per cent of the entire side of the porch, bounded by the street, yard, or outer court, is left open except that the open space may be enclosed with mosquito screens. Windows. Area of. How measured. Sec. 31. In every tenement house here- after erected the total window area in each room, except in a water-closet com- partment, bath, toilet, slop-sink room or shower room, shall be at least one-eighth of the superficial floor area of the room. The aggregate window area in each I'oom shall not be less than twelve square feet, and no single window shall be less than six square feet in area. All measurements for window area shall be taken to outside of sash. Windows. Area in water-closet, bath, toilet, slop-sink or shower room. Sec. 32. In every tenement house here- after erected each window in a water- closet compartment or bath, toilet or slop-sink room, or shower room, shall be not less than three sciuare feet in area. The aggregate area of windows for each such compartment or room shall be not less than six square feet. In each such compartment or room containing more than one water-closet, bath, urinal or slop-sink, the aggregate window area shall be equivalent to three square feet for each water-closet, bath, urinal or slop-sink therein, except that at no time need the aggregate window area exceed one-fourth of the superficial floor area of such compartment or room. Windows. Ventilation of amusement, en- tertainment or reception room. Fan exhaust system. Sec. 33. In ever\- tenement house here- after erected the total window area in each room used for the purpose of amuse- ment, entertainment or as a reception room, or any room used for similar pur- poses, which room has a superficial floor area not exceeding one hundred eighty square feet, shall be at least one-eighth of the superficial floor area of such room. Every such room which has a super- flcial floor area exceeding one hundred eighty square feet shall have an aggre- gate window area not less than that re- quired for a room of one hundred eighty square feet of superflcial floor area. Amusement, entertainment or reception rooms and rooms used for similar pur- poses, in lieu of being provided with win- dows, as in this section prescribed, may be provided with a fan exhaust system of ventilation. Such fan exhaust system of ventilation shall consist of independent inlet ducts extending from the outer air to each such room and exhaust ducts ex- tending from each such room to the outer air above the highest roof of the building. All of the inlet ducts and exhaust ducts shall be constructed of galvanized iron or other smooth-surfaced, nonabsorbent ma- terial and so arranged that they may be readily cleaned out. The exhaust ducts shall always be con- nected to an exhaust fan mechanically operated, so designed and operated as to provide a complete change of air in not to exceed fifteen minutes for each such room. Any person in charge of a building in which a system of fan exhaust ventila- tion, as in this section is requir*!, who fails, neglects or refuses to operate and maintain the said system of ventilation in good order and repair so that the ventilation (complete change of air) here- in specified is provided in each such room at all times, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to all of the penalties fixed by this act. Rvery amusement, entertainment or re- ception room, or any room used for sim- ilar purposes, shall have a minimum height between the finished floor and the finished ceiling of not less than nine feet. No such room or part thereof shall be used for living or sleeping apartments, except that said room or part thereof complies with all of the other provisions of this act, for living and sleeping apart- ments. Windows. In public hallway. Size of. Location. Skylight in lieu of window. French windows or doors. Sec. 34. In every tenement house here- after erected, every public hallway on any floor where there are more than three apartments shall have at least one win- dow opening directly upon a street, or upon a yard or a court of the dimensions specified in this act and located on the same lot; such windows shall be at the end of the public hallway and placed so as to secure the maximum light into the hallway; provided, however, that in tene- ment houses not exceeding two stories in height the public hallway mav, in lieu of such windows, be lighted and ventilated by one or more skylights constructed in accordance with the provisions of this act. Every window reciuired by this act in a public hallway shall be not less than twenty-nine inches in clear width, nor less than fifty-eight inches in height, and the finished sill of same shall not be more than thirty inches above the ad- joining finished floor. Every such window shall be inade so as to open and so ar- ranged that at least one-half of the win- dow may be opened unobstructed. Every skylight provided for in this sec- tion shall have an effective horizontal area of glass of not less than fifteen square feet, and shall have ridge ventila- tors or fixed or movable louvres so as to provide a ventilating area of not less than five hundred square inches. Such sky- lights shall be so located that no portion of the hallway be distant more than twenty feet (measured from a vertical line) from a skylight opening. Any part of a public hallway which is offset, recessed, or cut off from any other part of a hallway where such offset or recess is more in length than one and one-half times the width of the public hallway from which it offsets or recesses, shall be deemed a separate public hall- way within the meaning of this section. French windows or doors, if arranged to open and glazed to give the areas of opening and glass required by this act for windows in public hallways, may be used in lieu of windows therein. Ventilating skylight over stairway. Sec. 35. In everj' tenement house two or more stories in height hereafter erected, where there are more than three apartments on any one floor, there shall 125 be provided at the roof over each stair- Avay a ventilating skylight, placed directly as practicable over same, having a mini- mum effective horizontal area of glass at least twenty square feet in area for build- ings two stories in height, and the area of glass in such skylight shall be in- creased at a ratio of six square feet for •each additional story in height. In every such skylight the ventilating area shall be not less than five hundred square inches. Every such skylight and the ventilating openings and the shutters and the clos- ing and opening devices for the ventilat- ing openings shall be made of approved incombustible materials, and so arranged that the entire ventilating area may be readily opened from at least the topmost and tirst story levels, except that in tene- ment houses not exceeding four stories in height the ventilators may be arranged so as to open from at least the first story, or the ventilators may be fixed perma- nently in an open position. Skylights as in this section prescribed may be omitted in case that windows are provided of the size fixed by section thirty-four hereof and located adjoining the stairways, and that each window ad- joining the stairway be provided with an open louvre or ventilator providing a ventilating area of not less than one hun- dred square inches, or such louvre or ventilator may be placed in the roof over the stairway, in which event the ventilat- ing area shall be not less than five hun- dred square inches. Whenever a skylight is required as in this section provided there shall be con- structed a stair well, the clear open area of which shall be at each floor equal to one-third of the area of glass in the sky- light. Arrangement of apartment. Water-closet. Sec. 36. In every tenement house here- after erected, every apartment shall be so arranged that access may be had to ■every living rooin, and to at least one water-closet compartment, without pass- ing through a bedroom: provided, how- ever, that nothing in this section shall be so construed as to prohibit passing through a bedroom in going from a kitchen to a bathroom or water-closet compartment. Water-closets. Number. Construction of. Sec. 37. In every tenement house here- after erected there shall be installed one water-closet within each apartment lo- cated in a separate compartment or lo- cated in a compartment with a bathtub, shower or lavatory, used exclusively by the occupants of the apartment. No door or other opening to a water- closet compartment shall open from or into any room in which food is prepared or stored. The walls enclosing a water- closet compartment shall be well plas- tered or constructed of some nonab- sorbent material, except that the ordi- nary wood trim of openings may be used in such compartment. Every such com- parment shall be provided and equipped with a full door, properly hung, and pro- vided with a lock or bolt to lock same. The floor of every such water-closet compartment shall be made waterproof with asphalt, tile, marble, terrazzo, ce- inent, or some other similar nonabsorbent material, and such waterproofing shall ■extend not less than six inches on the vertical walls of the room. No water- closet fixture shall be enclosed with wood- woi'k. Water-closets in prior erected house. Number required. Sec. 38. In every tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act there shall be provided at least one water-closet in a, separate compartment, located on the public hallway of the same floor, for every three apartments or frac- tional part thereof on such floor which are not provided with private water-closets. Where two or more water-closets are re- quired by the provisions of this section to be located on a public hallway, one of such water-closets shall be distinctly marked "for men," and one of the water- closets distinctly marked "for women"; provided, however, that the housing de- partment charged with the enforcement of this act may exempt any tenement house existing at the time of the passage of this act from fully complying with the provisions of this paragraph when, in its discretion, such deviation will not be det- rimental to the health of the occupants thereof or to the sanitation of the said tenement house or premises. Nothing in this section shall be con- strued as permitting such exemptions to apply to any addition or extension to any tenement house. Every water-closet hereafter placea in a tenement house erected prior to tne passage of this act shall comply with every provision of this act relative to water-closets installed in tenement houses hereafter erected, except that if a water- closet is installed in the top story of any such building, the compartment in which it is installed may be ventilated by a skylight with fixed louvres in lieu of a window; provided, however, that a new water-closet may be installed to replace a defective or antiquated fixture in the same location. Every tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act, or hereafter erected, where a connection with the sewer is possible, shall discontinue the use of any school sink, privy vault or any similar receptacle used to receive fecal matter, urine or sewage, and every such receptacle shall be completely re- moved and the place where it was located be properly disinfected. All such recep- tacles shall be replaced by individual water-closets of durable nonabsorbent material, properly connected, trapped, vented and provided with flush tanks, the same as is required, by the provisions of this act, in tenement houses hereafter erected. Bathroom. Tub or shower. Construction. Kitchen sink In each apartment. Sec. 39. In every tenement house here- after erected there shall be a bathtub or shower within each apartment, and such bathtub or shower shall be located In a separate compartment, or there may be provided one such bathtub or shower in a separate compartment for every three such apartments which are not provided with private baths or showers; provided, that said bathtub or shower is on the same floor and is accessible from each apartment through the public hallway. In every tenement house hereafter erected there shall be at least one kitchen sink within each apartment. The walls, floors and openings to every bath, shower or slop-sink room hereafter constructed shall conform to all of the provisions of this act relative to the 126 waterproofing' of the walls and floors, and of the construction of the doors of water- closet compartments in tenement houses hereafter erected. Bathtubs or showers in prior erected house. Number required. Sec. 40. In every tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act there shall be provided at least one bath- tub or shower in a separate compart- ment, located on the same floor, for every five apartments, or fractional part there- of, which are not provided with private baths or showers, on each such floor, and there shall be provided at least one kitchen sink in each apartment; provided, however, that the department charged with the enforcement of this act may exempt any tenement house existing at the time of the passage of this act from fully complying with the provisions of this section when, in its discretion, such deviation will not be detrimental to the health of the occupants thereof or to the sanitation of the said tenement house or premises: provided, further, that no such exemption shall apply to any addition or extension to a tenement house. Plumbing. Type of faucets and number. Sec. 41. In every tenement house here- after erected every plumbing fixture shall be provided with running water, and there shall be provided faucets, with running water, sufficient in number so that all of the yards, courts and passageways may be washed. Faucets shall be of the hose bibb type, not less than three-quarter inch size. Every plumbing fixture affecting the sanitary drainage system in tenement houses hereafter erected shall be properly connected with the street sewer, if a street sewer exists in the street abutting the lot on which the building is located and is ready to receive connections. When it is impracticable to connect such plumb- ing fixtures with a street sewer, then the plumbing fixtures shall be connected and drained into a cesspool constructed satis- factorily to the department charged with the enforcement of this act; or some other means of sewage disposal satis- factory to the department charged with the enforcement of this act may be made until such time as it may become prac- ticable and possible to connect with the street sewer. Water for plumbing fixture. Faucet three- quarter inch. Sec. 42. In every tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act, every plumbing fixture shall be provided with running water, and there shall be provided faucets, with running water, sufficient in numlier so that all of the yards, courts and passageways may be washed. Faucets shall be of the hose bibb type, not less than three-quarter inch size. Plumbing fixtures where no water. Privy vault. Sec. 43. Water-closets, baths, showers, sinks, slop-sinks, faucets and other plumbing fixtures required by this act need not be installed in the event that the tenement house hereafter erected or an existing tenement house, as the case may be, is situated where there is no running water and where there is no practical means of sewage disposal, until such time as it becomes practicable and possible to obtain running water and means of sewage disposal; provided, in every such case the department charged with the enforcement of this act shall decide whether or not it is practicable and possible to provide runnmg water and proper means of sewage disposal. A special permit in writing shall be obtained in every such case from tlfe departmenc charged with the enforcement of this act, which permit shall be made in duplicate, and a copy thereof shall remain on file in the department issuing it; provided, fu'-ther, tnat proper, separate toilet fa- cilities for each sex shall be provided for the use of the occupants of such build- ing. Such facilities shall be made sani- tary. A privy, or toilet other than iSl water-closet, erected under the authority of this section shall consist of a ipit at least three feet deep, with suitable shelter over the same to afford privacy and pro- tection from the elements. The openings of the shelter and pit shall be enclosed by mosquito screening, and the door to the shelter shall be made to close auto- matically lay means of a spring or other device. No privy pit shall be allowed to become filled with excreta to nearer than one foot fro'.n the surface of the ground, and the excreta in the pit shall be covered with earth, ashes, lime or similar sub- stances at regular intervals. All drain- age water shall be conveyed from the premises by means of a covered drain to a covered cesspool. Plumbing trapped and vented. Woodwork removed. Wooden seats. Sanitation. When plumbing fixture ordered out. Sec. 44. In every tenement house here- after erected all plumbing fixtures affect- ing the .sanitary drainage system shall be properly trapped and vented and made sanitary in every particular. In any tene- ment house hereafter erected, and in any tenement house erected prior to the pass- age of this act, no plumbing fixtures shall be enclosed with woodwork, but the space under and around same must be left en- tirely open. All woodwork enclosing a water-closet, sink, slop-sink, wash tray or lavoratory shall be removed and the fioor and wall surface beneath and around such water-closet, sink, slop-sink, wash- tray or lavatory shall be maintained in good repair, and if of wood, well painted with a light colored paint of sufficient body to make it nonabsorbent. All wood- en seats, attached to water-closet bowls, shall be varnished or enaineled, oi' by some other method be made nonabsorb- ent. In every tenement house hereafter erected water-closets shall have earthen- ware bowls and shall have earthenware seats integral with the bowls, or wooden seats varnished or enameled so as to be nonabsorbent, or seats made of some nonabsorbent inaterial attached directly to the bowls. No wooden wash trays or wooden kitchen sinks shall be permitted in such buildings. All plumbing connec- tions hereafter made in buildings shall be of standard lead, iron, steel or brass; and every gas and water service connec- tion hereafter made shall be of steel or iron, and shall be equipped with cut-off valves placed outside of the building and such cut-off valves shall be readily ac- cessible. Whenever any plumbing fixture be- comes insanitary the department charged with the enforcement of this act is hereby empowered to order the same removed and to order that it be replaced by a fixture conforming to the provisions of this act. 127 Egress from apartment. Fire escape. Sec. 45. Every tenement house here- after erected, three or more stories in height, and in which there are three or more apartments on any one floor, shall be so designed and constructed that every apartment in such building shall have not less than two means of egress, either by stairways or fire escapes, constructed in accordance with the provisions of this act. Such means of egress shall be ac- cessible from every apartment, either di- rectly or through a public hallway, and so located that should one egress be or become blocked, the other agress shall be available. Stairways. Two at least. Width. Out- side to cellar or basement. Sec. 46. Every tenement house here- after erected shall have not less than two stairways. Every fireproof tenement house here- after erected shall have not less than one stairway, not less than three feet six inches wide, for each six thousand square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area in any one floor above the first floor thereof. Every semi-fireproof tenement house hereafter erected shall have not less than one stairway, not less than three feet six inches wide, for each four thousand square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area in any one floor above the first floor thereof. Every wooden tenement house here- after erected shall have not less than one stairway, not less than three feet six inches wide, for each three thousand square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area in any one floor above the first floor thereof. Every tenement house hereafter erected shall have not less than one stairway leading from the outside to every base- ment or cellar thereof. Stairways. Computing number of. Sec. 47. The largest floor area above the ground floor shall be used as the basis for computing the number of stairways required in every tenement house here- after erected: provided, that if all floors above the largest floor area of the build- ing are diminished in area, the stairway or stairways from that portion of the building containing a smaller area may be computed on the basis of the largest floor area in that portion of the tuiilding. Stairways. Access to. When may abut on elevator shaft. Steam boiler. Fur- nace room. Sec. 48. All stairways hereafter con- structed shall be located so as to furnish the best means of egress from the build- ing, and shall be as far removed from each other as practicable, and shall be as follows: Access to stairways shall be provided at every floor by means of a public hall- way, corridor, or passageway, and the public hallway, corridor, passageway and stairway from the ground exit level to the top story or roof shall be accessible at all times. No stairway shall abut on more than one side of an elevator shaft, except on the lowest and topmost stories, provided that the stairway is so located that it can be approached from the street entrance without passing by or in front of the open side of the said elevator shaft. 'ISTo' stairway shall be located over a steam boiler, gas meter or gas heater or furnace, unless such lioiler, gas meter. gas heater or furnace be located in a room, the walls and ceiling of which are constructed as required for a boiler room by section sixty-three of this act. No stairway leading from any other portion of the building shall terminate in or pass through a boiler room. Stairways. Rise and run. Head room. Handrail. Ground to top story. Con- struction. Winding stairs forbidden. Sec. 49. Every stairway hereafter con- structed shall be as follows: have a rise of not more than eight inches and a run of not less than nine inches, without change in the run or rise between floors; and shall be provided with head room of not less than six feet six inches meas- ured from the nearest nosing of the stair- way to the nearest soffit. The depth of every landing in a stair- way shall be not less than the width of the stairway, and all treads shall be of equal width for every run of stairs, and shall not vary in width in the width of the stairs. Stairways required by this act shall be continuous from the ground floor level to the top story, i. e., the flights of such stairways shall be constructed one di- rectly above the other, or shall be con- structed so that each flight shall lie in plain view of each succeeding flight; pro- vided, however, that half of the stair- ways from the upper floors may termi- nate at the second floor, in the event that the stairways from the first to the second floor be increased in width not less than fifty per cent. Every stairway shall have at least one handrail, and if the stairway be five feet or more in width, shall have a handrail on each side thereof. The underside and soffits of wooden stairways and the outside stringers of open stairways, except outside stairway, in semi -fireproof and wooden tenement houses shall be metal lathed and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath, or lathed with an ap- proved plaster board and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick in- cluding the plaster board. The width of stairways shall be meas- ured in the clear of all projections except the baseboards, and except that handrails and newel posts may project not more than four inches. Stairway. When closet under forbidden. Sec. 50. No closet of any kind shall be lonstructed in anv tenement house under any wooden stairway, but such space shall be kept entirely open, and be kept clean and free from all encumbrances; or such space shall be effectually closed with walls of studs, lathed and plastered, with no door or opening of any kind therein: provided, however, that the pro- visions of this section as to a closet under a stairway shall not apply to any tene- ment house not more than two stories in height, in which not more than two fam- ilies live above the flist floor thereof. Stairway. One runs to roof. Scuttle. Penthouse. Construction. Scuttle or penthouse door not to be locked. Sec. 51. In every tenement house here- after erected more than two stories in height, the stairway nearest to the main entrance of the building shall be carried to the roof level and shall give egress to the roof through a penthouse or roof structure. In every such building not exceeding two stories in height there shall be con- 128 structed a scuttle in the public hallway near the stairway. Such scuttle shall be not less than two feet by three feet in area, and shall be cut through the ceil- ing and roof. Penthouses over stairways shall be built either of fireproof materials or of wood studs, lathed with metal lath or approved plaster board and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick, includmg the lath or plaster board on the inside and outside thereof; or such penthouses may be covered in the same manner and with the same kind of materials as required by this act for the doors from such pent- houses. The door to the roof from a penthouse or roof structure shall be self-closing and shall open outward to the roof, and shall be covered on both sides and edges with tin or other metal. The frames and trim of such door open- ing shall be similarly constructed and all glass in such door shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick. Every tenement house of more than two stories in height, erected prior to the passage of this act, shall have in the roof a penthouse or a scuttle, which scuttle shall be not less than two feet by three feet in area, located in the ceiling of a public hallway. There shall be provided a stairway or a stationary ladder, lead- ing from the top floor of such tenement house to the roof thereof. Such stairway or stationary ladder shall be made readily- accessible to all the tenants of the build- ing. No scuttle or penthouse door shall at any time be locked with a key, but may be fastened on the inside by a mov- able bolt or lock. Public hallways, landings, and corridors. Width. Sec. 52. Public hallways, landings and corridors from stairways shall be of the same width and measured in the same manner as the stairways, as provided in section fifty hereof. Fire escapes. When required. At least one. Number, how estimated. Five types. Construction. One on front of house. Metal painted or galvanized. Sec. 53. On every tenement house here- after erected more than two stories in height, which contains more than three apartments, there shall be provided at least one fire escape. If such tenement house exceeds three thousand square feet of floor area on any one floor above the second floor thereof, such building shall be provided with one additional fire escape for each four thousand square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. Fire escapes required by this act shall be of one of the following types: Type 1. Metallic throughout and fas- tened securely to the exterior walls of tne building, with a balcony at each story above the first story thereof, with in- clined stairways connecting all balconies and a goose-neck ladder connecting the topmost balcony to the roof. The lowest balcony of such fire escape to be not more than fourteen feet above the street or ground level directly under same. All metallic balconies shall be not less than forty-four inches in width nor less than thirty-three square feet in area. The stairway openings therein shall be not less than twenty-one inches wide and forty mches in length. The balcony bal- ustrade shall be not less than thirty-four inches high, with no opening in such bal- ustrade greater than eight inches in hori- zontal dimension. , There shall be no opening greater than I one inch in width in a fire escape balcony " platform, except the- stair well opening. There shall be no opening greater than one inch in width in the lowest fire escape balcony platform, except that there be attached a counterbalanced or permanent ladder reaching to the street or ground lielow. Kvery balcony platform shall be fast- ened to the outside walls of the building by building in and anchoring to such walls the balcony platform and the balus- trade framing, or by securely bolting same thereto. Every balcony shall be supported by brac:kets, braces, or struts fastened to or built in and anchored to the walls. The inclined stairways shall be not less than eighteen inches in width and placed in no part nearer than twenty-one inches from the face of the wall. Such inclined stairways shall have an inclination of not less than four inches and not more than six inches horizontally to each twelve inches of vertical height. The treads shall be not less than four inches wide, placed not more than twelve inches apart. Each side of such stairways shall be pro- vided with a handrail not less than one inch in diameter fastened to the stair stringers and continued around the well hole openings of balcony platform. The goose-neck ladder shall be not less than fifteen inches wide and extend verti- cally from the topmost balcony to three feet above the fire wall or roof above, and then be brought down and fastened to the inside face of the fire wall or to the roof. The rungs of the goose-neck ladder shall be not less than five-eighths inch round iron or steel, placed not more than fourteen inches apart. The goose- neck ladder shall be securely braced and fastened to the outside wall, and in no case shall such ladder pass in front of any opening in the wall to the interior of the building. The cornice opening for the passage of such ladder shall be not less than twenty-four inches in width and twenty-four inches in the clear outside of the ladder. Such fire escape shall be framed and riveted or bolted together in a solid, sub- stantial manner and properly supported, braced and fastened to the outside walls so as to be rigid, durable and secure and carry the loads imposed. All metallic fire escapes shall be painted with not less than two coats of good, dur- able paint; or such fire escapes may be galvanized. Type 2. Metallic ladders and stairways conforming to the provisions set forth for type one and with reinforced concrete or iron or steel fireproofed balconies, with fastenings of similar materials. Such bal- conies to measure the full size inside of balustrades. Floor openings and well holes provided and protected similarly to the requirements for metallic balconies. Type .3. Any type of an enclosed ap- proved metallic spiral fire escape which consists of a rigid form of an inclined chute or chutes constructed entirely of incombustible material; securely attached to the outside walls of building; provided with proper means of ingress thereto from the building and egress therefrom at the bottom; having means enabling firemen to reach the roof thereby from the ground; equipped with standpipes; painted the same as provided for metallic fire 129 escapes; and satisfactory to the depart- ment charged with the enforcement of this act as being as solid, substantial and durable and as fireproof in construction, and providing at least as safe and efficient means of escape from the building for the occupants thereof, and furnishing all the protection and utility of the metallic fire escapes described as "type one" in this act. Type 4. Fire and smoke towers, con- sisting of a fire escape stairway not less than twenty inches in width, constructed of reinforced concrete, iron or steel, or a combination of these materials; ana in all other details as required in this act for metallic fire escape stairways; said stairways being continuous the full height of the building from the first floor exit level to the roof, and with handrails on each side thereof the full length of same. Such stairways to be constructed at a point adjoining the e.xterior walls of the building and be entirely enclosed with walls of brick, terra cotta tile, concrete or reinforced concrete not less tlian twelve inches thick; such walls to be continu- ous from the basement up to and ex- tending three feet above the roof of the building, with no covering of any kind over same, and with no openings in the walls of such tower into the building. The enclosing walls of such tower not to be used to carry or support any floor joist, beam, girder or other structural feature of the building, nor to be chased for any pipe, conduit or other purpose; to have an exit from the enclosure at the first floor line opening directly to a street or yard, and having an entrance by means of an outside balcony at each floor, such balconies to have a solid floor and in all other details and kind of ma- terials to be as in this act required for metallic fire escape balconies. The bal- conies to be located and arranged to con- nect with a door opening from a public liallway in the interior of the building and with a door opening leading from the balcony to the tower, such door opening from the building to the balcony and from the balcony to the tower to be not less than thirty inches wide by .^eventy- two inches high and be equipped with metal-lined doors and with a fraine and threshold of such door openings con- structed of fireproof materials. Type 5. A fire and smoke tower in every way- similar to "type four" of this section, except that instead of the out- side balcony there be built a vestibule with enclosing walls continuous with and of the same kind of materials and of the same thickness as the enclosing walls of the fire tower; that the vestibule opening be direct from a public hallway and be equipped with metal-lined doors. The vestibule floor to be of masonry construc- tion. The enclosure to have an opening at each floor through the exterior wall of the building, such opening to extend from the floor to the ceiling and be not less in width than three-fourths of the width of the tower, said opening to be protected with an open metallic balus- trade similar to that specified for metal- lic fire escape balconies. Fire escapes. Type 4 or 5 when consid- ered stairway. Sec. 54. In any tenement house here- after erected in which there is con- structed a fire escape of "type four" or "type five," as prescribed in this act, such fire escape may be used and con- structed as a stairway and a fire escape combined; provided, that there is at least one other stairway or one other fire escape constructed in accordance with the provisions of this act, in the said building. Fire escapes. One on street front. Lo- cation of. Signs. Sec. 55. ]'>very fire escape required by this act shall be located on the building so as to furnish the best means of es- cape therefrom for the occupants, ana at least one such fire escape shall be located on a stieet front. Every fire escape shall have egress thereto from a public hall- way or passageway not less than three feet wide, or such fire escapes in lieu of being located on a public haliway, shall be so located that each apartment has direct egress thereto without pass- ing through another apartment, or if a public parlor, public lobby, corridor or passageway through a clear and unob- structed opening without doors, then egress may be had thereby to a fire es- cape. Signs both pointing towards and marking the locations of fire escapes shall be placed on each floor. Fire escapes. Basis of computing num- ber. Sec. 56. The largest floor area above the second floor shall be used as a basis for computing the number of fire escapes required by this act; provided, that if all floors above the largest floor area are diminished in size, the number of fire es- capes from that portion of the building containing the smaler area inay be com- puted on the basis of the largest floor area in that portion of the building. Fire escapes. Load. Supports. Fasten- ings. Size of window or door open- ing on. Sec. 57. All parts of each balcony plat- form of a fire escape shall Vje designed to carry, in addition to the dead loaa iriere- of, a live load of one hundred pounds per square foot over the entire area thereof (using outside dimensions) and the live and dead loads from the ladders or stairs supported thereon. Each ladder shall be designed to with- stand a horizontal pressure of one hun- dred pounds per square foot. Each stairway shall be designed to carry, in addition to the dead load there- of, a live load of one hundred and fifty pounds per square foot of horizontal pro- jection. Top rails of balcony balustrades shall be designed to withstand a horizontal pressure of one hundred pounds per lin- eal foot of railing. Bach Ijalcony shall be independently supported. All fastenings of fire escape balconies to the building shall be designed to carry twenty-five per cent greater load than tne total dead and live loads carried by the balconies. The balcony anchorage shall be direct to the structural steel or iron members of the balustrades and plat- forms extended into the walls and an- chored into the structural work of the building. The level of the inside sill of the door or window giving access to a fire escape balcony or the balcony floor shall be not more than thirty inches above the adjoining floor in the building. Every such door or window opening shall be not less than twenty-nine inches in clear width, nor less than fifty-eight inches in height. 130 Where double-hung windows are used in such openings, the lower sash shall be at least the size of the upper sash and shall slide to the top of such opening. Any lock used on any such window shall be of a type which can be readily opened from the interior of the building without the use of a key or other tool. Fire escapes. Maintenance of. Sec. 58. Every fire escape in or on tenement houses hereafter erected, or in or on tenement houses erected prior to the passage of this act, shall at all times be maintained in good order and repair, well painted and clear and unobstructed at all times, and be readily accessible. Standpipes. Wlien required. Size. Sia- mese inlet. Location. Sec. 59. On every tenement house hereafter erected four or more stories in height, there shall he provided one or more metallic standpipes. Each sucn standpipe shall be not less than four inches in internal diameter, and shall have a Siamese inlet valve near the side- walk or the ground directly under same, and an outlet valve at each story above the first story and on the roof. One such standpipe shall be placed on or in the exterior walls of the building at one fire escape on each street front- age, and the outlet valves shall be read- ily accessible from the balconies of the fire escape. The inlet and outlet valves on every standpipe shall be threaded and brought to a size which will meet the standard connections of the local fire department of the municipality in which such tene- ment house is being erected. The standpipes required by this sec- tion need not be installed in any tene- ment house which is situated where there is no running water and where it is not practicable or possible to obtain water for efficient use of such stand- pipes in case of fire, until such time as it is practicable and possible to obtain runnning water; and the department charged with the enforcement of this act shall decide whether or not it is possible or practicable to obtain running water. Shaft. Elevator, dumb-v/aiter, vent shaft. Construction. Door or window. Sec. 60. In every fireproof tenement house hereafter erected, every elevator shaft, dumb-waiter shaft or other in- terior shaft shall be enclosed in walls constructed of concrete, reinforced con- crete, brick, terra cotta tile or other similar hard incombustible materials, or shall be constructed of metal studs lathed either with metal lath or an ap- proved plaster board and plastered on both sides so as to make a solid parti- tion not less than two inches thick. In every semifireproof or wooden tene- ment house hereafter erected, every sucn shaft shall be inclosed by walls con- structed as provided by this act for fire- proof tenement houses, or such walls may be constructed with wood studs, with wood firestops the same size as the studs, cut in between the studs at eacn floor and half way between each floor, lathed on both sides with metal lath or an approved plaster board and be plas- tered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath- or the plaster board. Every opening from any shaft into the building shall be equipped with a metal door and with door frame and trina en- tirely of metal; or such door and door frame shall be constructed of wood cov- ered with metal on the shaft side there- of and if there is any glass therein, such glass shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth (i/4) inch thick. Every door or window therein shall be made to close tight, and every door except elevator doors therein shall be self-closing. Every window in such shaft shall be of wired glass, not less than one-fourth (14) inch thick, set in a metal sash or a sash metal covered on the shaft side thereof. At the roof over every elevator shaft there shall lie constructed a ventilating skylight or a ventilator with open louvres. Vent shaft. Construction. Openings in. a Area. Least width. Intake. Pipes. I Sec. 61. In every tenement house here- ■ after erected every vent shaft shall be enclosed with walls constructed the same as required by this act for elevator shaft in the same class of building... Such vent shafts may, in a semifireproof or wooden tenement house, be lined on the outside thereof (weather side) with metal in lieu of metal lath and plaster; also, that por- tion of such shaft extending from the ceiling joists to the top thereof may be lined with metal in the same manner as is required for the weather side of such vent shaft. Every opening from any vent shaft into the building or any window therein, shall be equipped in the same manner as re- quired by this act for elevator shafts in the same class of building. Plaster on the weather side of any such shaft shall be cement plaster. Every vent shaft required by this act shall be not less than four feet in any direction and be at least sixteen square feet in area. If such vent shaft exceeds fifty feet in height, measured from the bottom to the top of the walls of such shaft, then such vent shaft shall through- out its entire height be increased in area three square feet for each additional ten feet or fractional part hereof above fifty feet. Every such vent shaft shall be pro- vided with an air intake or duct at or near the bottom thereof, communicating with the street or yard or a court. Such intake shall be not less than three square feet in total area, and may be divided into not inore than three separate ducts running between the joists or otherwise, and shall in all cases be placed as nearly horizontal as possible. Every such intake or duct shall be constructed of approved fireproof material or shall be of metal or metal lined, and be provided with a wire screen of not less than one inch mesh at each end. Plumbing, gas, steam or other similar pipes may be placed in such vent shaft. Every such vent shaft shall have a door or a window at or near the bottom of the shaft, so arranged as to permit of its being readily cleaned out. Inner court. Walls fireproofed. Con- struction. Sec. 62. The walls of every inner court in a fireproof tenement house hereafter erected shall be constructed of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, terra cotta tile or other similar hard incombustible ma- terial. In a semifireproof or in a wooden tenement house such inner court walls, if surrounded on four sides by the walls of the same building, shall be constructed as provided for fireproof tenement houses, or may be of wood studs, with wood fire- 131 stops the same size as the studs, cut in between the studs at each floor and half way between each floor, lathed on both sides with metal lath, or an approved plaster board, and be plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath or the plaster board. Piaster on the weather side of such inner court walls shall be cement plaster, or such inner court walls may be lined on the weather side with not less than the number twen- ty-six (gauge) metal, in lieu of metal lath and plaster. Furnace room. Boiler rooin. Construc- tion. Gravity flow of oil forbidden. Sec. 63. In every tenement house here- after erected, every boiler used for pur- poses of heating the building, using fuel oth^r than gas, and every heating fur- nace or water-heating apparatus, using oil for fuel, shall be installed in a room, the walls of which room shall be built of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone or terra cotta tile, not less than six (6) inches thick, and such walls shall extend from the floor of the boiler room to the ceiling over same. The entire ceiling of such room shall be built of similar materials as the walls, or shall be built with a double ceiling, with a space of not less than seven-eighths inch between the two ceilings; each ceiling shall be metal lathed or lathed with an approved plaster board and be plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick, including the lath or plaster board. The floor of a boiler room shall be of con- crete not less than two (2) inches thick. Any door in the wall of such room shall be a fire-resisting door, constructed of three (3) thicknesses of seven-eighths (%) inch by not more than six (6) inches, tongued and grooved, matched redwood boards entirely covered on the sides and edges with lock-jointed tin; every sucn door shall be self-closing, so hung- as to overlap the walls of the room at least three (3) inches, and any glass in any such door or any glass in any window or opening in the walls of a boiler room shall be wired glass, not less than one- fourth (1/4) inch thick, set in a metal or metal covered sash. All such doors shall have hinges, nang- ers, latches and other hardware of wrought iron, bolted to the doors, and shall have steel tracks, when sliding doors are used, with wrought- iron stops land binders bolted through the wall. Swinging doors shall have wall eyes of wrought iron, liuilt into or bolted through the wall. Every such boiler room shall have a sill across each door not less than four (4) inches high. Such sill shall be of masonry, and the doors shall overlap same at least three (3) inches, or in lieu of a masonry sill a steel or iron sill may l)e used, in which case the bottom of the door shall close tight on top of same. Every swinging door in a boiler room shall open outward from the boiler room. Where oil or other fluid is burned, the oil or other fluid fuel shall not be fed by a gravity flow. Automobile room. Construction. Sec. 64. In every tenement house here- after erected any portion of such build- ing, in which there is kept or stored any automobile or automobiles, shall be a room, the enclosing partitions of which shall be built of concrete, reinforced con- crete, brick, stone or terra cotta tile, not less than six (6) inches thick, or may be of wood studs lined on the automobile storage room side with redwood boards not less than seven-eighths (%) of an inch thick covered with asbestos paper one-eighth (%) of an inch thick, and then covered with No. 26 (gauge) gal- vanized iron, and such enclosing parti- tions shall extend from the floor of the room to the ceiling of the same. The entire ceiling of such room shall be built of material similar to that used in the construction of its walls, or shall be either metal lathed and be well plastered or be lathed with an approved plaster board and be well plastered. The floor of every such room shall be of concrete not less than two (2) inches thick. Every door, window or other opening in the walls of such room, opening to the interior of the building, shall be pro- tected in the same manner as required by section sixty-three hereof for doors, win- dows and other openings in a boiler room. Room or hallway added. Height of. Sec. 65. In any tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act. every additional room or hallway that is here- after constructed or created, may be of the same height as the other rooms or hallways on the same story of such tene- ment house. Room In prior erected house. Living or sleeping In. Public hallway. Sec. 66. Every room in a tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act shall, if the said room be hereafter occupied for living or sleeping purposec5, have a window of an area not less than eight square feet, opening directly upon a street, a yard, a court or upon a vent shaft not less than twenty-five square feet in area, which vent shaft shall in no part be less than four feet wide and open and unobstructed without roof or skylight over same; except that if such room be located on the top floor of the building, such room may be ventilated by a skylight with fixed louvres directly to the outer air, or may have a window opening upon a vent shaft not less than ten square feet in area, if such window from the room be not more than three feet below the top of the wall of such vent shaft. Every public hallway in every tenement house erected prior to the passage of this act, which does not conform to the provisions for public hallways in build- ings hereafter erected, shall be provided with light and ventilation to the outer air. Such light and ventilation shall be provided by the placing of windows or skylights, or by making such alterations as in the judgment of the housing depart- ment may be deemed necessary to accom- plish the result. Cooking. Forbidden where. Unlawful to live or sleep in cellar, bathroom, dressing room, etc. Overcrowding. Sec. 67. It shall Ije unlawful for any person to cook or to prepare food, or to permit oi- suffer any person to cook or to prepare food in any bath, shower, slop- sink or toilet room, water-closet compart- ment; or in any closet, or recess from a room, or dressing room, which does not conform to all the provisions of this act as to size of kitchens and windows open- ing to a street, yard or court, or in any other place in such building which, in the judgment of the department charged with the enforcement of this act, is detri- 132 mental to the proper sanitation of such building. It shall be unlawful for any person to live or sleep, or permit or suffer any per- son to live or sleep in any cellar, bath or shower compartment or slop-sink room, water-closet compartment, hallway, closet, kitchen, recess from a room or dressing room, except when such recess SL'om a room or dressing room has fiot less than ninety square feet of super- ficial floor area and complies witn every other requirement of this act for rooms, or in any other place which, in the judg- ment of the department charged with the enforcement of this act, would be danger- ous or prejudicial to life or health by reason of want of light, windows, ventila- tion, drainage, or on account of damp- ness or offensive, obnoxious or poisonous odors',, or in any room that shall be 'so overcrowded as to afford less than the following floor space for each occupant, in accordance with the age of said oc- cupant: D ^ 1> ^ C (D <,-« %^ (+-I ^*-) ^4-, ^t^ (D OJ 0) 0) IJ ^ u !-, t-, ;^ i^ I, ^ d d f^ ^ d 3 3 3 P 3 P o* o* c c c G* to tC to W M !C O 73 O d) ' s ^- 3 '^ Z O I. ti U U Ui u o o o o o o Additional floor area in the same ratio shall be provided for additional persons. Light burning sunrise to sunset, sunset to sunrise. Sec. 68. In every tenement house there shall be installed and kept burning from sunrise to sunset throughout the year artificial light sufficient in volume to properly illuminate every public hallway, stairway, fire escap£ egress, elevator, passageway, public, water-closet com- partment, or toilet room, whenever there is insufficient natural light to permit a person to read in any part thereof. In every tenement house there shall be installed and kept burning from sunset to sunrise throughout the j^ear artificial light sufficient in volume to properly il- luminate every public hallway, stairway, Are escape egress, elevator, public water- closet compartment, or toilet room and exterior passageway on the lot. Light color walls and ceilings of sleeping rooms, courts and shafts. Sec. 69. The walls and ceilings of eyery sleeping room in every tenement house shall (except when there is sufficient nat- ural light to permit a person to read in any part thereof during daytime) be cal- cimined or painted or papered with a light-colored material, and such calci- mine, paint or paper, as the case may be, shall he renewed as often as is neces- sary to maintain the same of a light color and clean and free from vermin. The walls of courts and shafts, unless built of light-colored materials, shall be painted of a light color or whitewashed, and such painting or whitewashing shall be renewed as often as is necessary to maintain the same of a light color. Wall paper and calcimine removed. Sec. 70. No wall, partition or ceiling of any room in any tenement house shall be repapered, calcimined, or have any other covering placed thereupon unless the old wall paper or other covering shall have first been removed therefrom, and the said wall, partition or ceiling cleaned, disinfected and freed from bugs, insects or vermin. Roof waterproof and drained. Upkeep of house. Yards, courts, etc., graded and drained. Sec. 71. Every tenement house shall be maintained in good repair. The roofs shall be kept waterproof and all ,storm or casual water properly drained and con- veyed therefrom to the street sewer, storm drain or street gutter. All portions of the lot about a tene- ment house, including the yards, area- ways, vent shafts, courts and passage- ways, shall be properly graded and drained; and whenever the department charged with the enforcement of this act deems it necessary for the protection of the health of the occupants of such build- ing, or for the proper sanitation of the premises, it may require that the said lot, yards, areaways, vent shafts, courts and passageways be graveled or properly paved and surfaced with concrete, asphalt or similar materials. Door or window, when to be screened. Sec. 72. There shall be provided, whenever it is deemed necessary for the health of the occupants of any tenement house or for the proper sanitation or cleanliness of any such building, metal mosquito screening of at least sixteen mesh, set in tight-fitting removable sash, for each exterior door, window or other opening in the exterior walls of the building. Garbage cans. When garbage chute may be Installed. Sec. 73. In every tenement house there shall be provided by the occupants, or 133 tenants, siuh number of light metal re- ceptacles with close-fitting metal covers for garbage, refuse, ashes and rubbish as may be deemed necessary by the de- partment charged with the enforcement of this act, or in lieu of such metal re- ceptacle there may be constructed a gar- bage chute or shaft approved by the housing department. Each of said recep- tacles shall be kept in a clean condition by the occupants, or tenants, and in the case of a chute or shaft liy the person in charge or in control of the building. House and lot to be clean and sanitary. Sec. 74. Every room, hallwa>-, passage- way, stairway, wall, partition, ceiling, floor, skylight, glass window, door, car- pet, rug, matting, window curtain, water-closet compartment or room, toilet room, bathroom, slop-sink, or washroom, plumbing fixture, drain, roof, closet, cel- lar, or basement in an>' tenement noune or on the lot, yard, court or any of the premises thereof, shall be kept in every part clean and sanitary and free from all accumulation of debris, filth, rubbish, garbage or other offensive matter. No person shall, or cause or permit any person to, deposit any swill, garbage, bottles, ashes, cans or other improper substa^nces in any water-closet, sink, slop-hopper, bathtub, shower, catch-ba- sin or in any plumbing fixture connection or drain therefrom; or otherwise to ob- struct the same: or to place or cause or permit to be placed any filth, urine or other foul matter in any place other than the place provided for same; or to keep or cause or permit to be kept any urine or filth or foul matter in any room or apartment in any tenement house, or in or about the said building or premises thereof, for such length of time as to create a nuisance. Bedding and mattresses to be clean. Sec. 75. In every tenement house, every part of every bed, including the mattress, sheets, blankets and bedding, shall be kept in a clean, dry and sanitary condition, free from filth, urine or other foul matter, in or upon the same; and free from the infection of lice, bedbugs or other insects. Articles dangerous or detrimental to life or health. Sec. 76. In no tenement house or any part thereof, or in the lot, yard, court or any portion thereof, shall there be kept, stored or handled an>- article dangerous or detrimental to life or to the health of the occupants thereof; nor shall there be stored, kept or handled any feed, hay, straw, excelsior, cotton, paper stock, rags or junk, except upon a written permit so to do, obtained from the fire commis- sioner or other department authorized to issue such permit. Every such permit shall be deemed to be a public record, made in duplicate, and a copy thereof shall remain on file in the office of the fire commissioner or department issuing same. Animals, fowls, etc., forbidden. Stable, when forbidden. Bakery or fat boil- ing. Spirituous liquors, etc. Sec. 77. No horse, cow, calf, swine, sheep, goat, rabbit, mule or other anima.1, chicken, pigeon, goose, duck or other poultry shall be kept in an>- tenement house or any part thereof; nor shall any such animal or poultry, nor shall any stable be kept or maintained on the same lot, yard, court or premises of a tenement house or within twenty feet of any win- dow or door of such building, nor shall there be hereafter constructed, altered, converted or maintained in any tenement house any public automobile garage or machine shop, or automobile repair shop. No bakery or place of business in which fat is boiled shall be constructed or main- tained in any tenement house, unless such bakery or place of liusiness in which fat is boiled is constructed of approved fireproof materials, with no openings con- necting into the tenement house, and so separated and arranged as to prevent odors from entering such building. No tenement house shall be connected with or have any door, window or tran- som opening to any part of a building wherein spirituous liquors, drugs, paint or oil are stored or kept for the purpose of sale or otherwise. Janitor or housekeeper, when. Sec. 78. In every tenement house in which eight (8) or more families reside, and in which the owner does not live, there shall be a janitor, housekeeper or other responsible person, who shall re- side in such tenement house or on the same lot or premises thereof and have charge of same. Proceeding on violation of act. Sec. 79. In case any tenement house, or any part thereof, is constructed, al- tered, converted or maintained in viola- tion of any provisions of this act or of any order or notice of the department charged with its enforcement, or in case a nuisanse exists in any such tenement house or building or structure, or upon the lot on which it is situated, said de- partment may institute any appropriate action or proceeding to prevent such un- lawful construction, alteration, conver- sion or maintenance, to restrain, cor- rect or abate such violation or nuisance, to prevent the occupation of said tene- ment house, building or structure, to pre- vent any illegal act, conduct or business in or about such tenement house or lot. In any such action or proceeding said de- partment may, by affidavit setting forth the facts, apply to the superior court, or to any judge thereof, for an order grant- ing the relief for which said action or proceeding is brought, or for an order enjoining all persons from doing or v'er- mitting to be done any work in or al)Out such tenement house, building, structure or lot, or from occupying or using the same for any purpose, until the entry of final judgment or order. In case any notice or order issued by said department is not complied with, said department ma\' appl>' to the superior court or to any judge thereof, for an order authorizing said department to execute and carry out the provisions of said notice or order, to remove any violation specified in said or- der or notice, or to abate any niusance in or about such tenement house, building or structure, or the lot upon which it is situated. The court, or any judge there- of, is hereby authorized to make any or- der specified in this section. In no case shall the said department or any officer thereof or the municipal corporation be lialde for costs in any action or proceed- ing that may be commenced in iiursuance of this act. Fine a lien on house. Sec. 80. I'.very fine imposed by judg- ment under section six of this act upon a tenement house owner shall be a lien 134 upon the house in relation to which the fine is imposed, from the time of tlie fil- ing of a certified copy of said judgment in the office of the recorder of the county in which said tenement house is situated, subject only to taxes and asessments and water rates, and to such inortgage and mechanics' liens as may exist thereon prior to such filing; and it shall be the duty of the department charged with the enforceinent of the provisions of this act, upon the entry of sucli judgment, to file forthwith the copy as aforesaid, and such copy upon filing shall be forthwith in- dexed by the recorder in the index of mechanics' liens. Notice of pendency of action filed where. How canceled. Sec. 81. In any action or proceeding instituted by the department charged with the enforcement of this act, the plaintiff or petitioner may file, in the county recorder's office of the county where the property affected by such ac- tion or proceeding is situated, a notice of the pendency of such action or pro- ceeding. Said notice may be filed at the tiine of the commencement of the acion or proceeding, or at any time afterwards before final judgment or order, or at any time after the service of any notice or order issued by said department. Such notice shall have the same force and ef- fect as the notice of pendency of action IJrovided for in the Code of Civil Pro- cedure. Each county recorder with whom such notice is filed shall record it and shall index it in the name of each per- son specified in a direction subscribed by an officer of the department instituting such action or proceeding. Any such no- tice may be vacated upon the order of a judge of the court in which such action or proceeding was instituted or is pend- ing. The recorder of the county where such notice is filed is hereby directed to mark such notice, and any record or docket thereof as canceled of record, upon the presentation and filing of a certified copy of such order. Name and address of owner and lesseiCi filed. Description of house. Sec. 82. Every owner of a tenement house and every lessee of the whole house, or other persons having control of a tenement house, shall file in the housing department a notice, containing his name and address, and also a de- scription of the jiroperty, by street and address, and also a description of the property, by street and number and otherwise, as the case may be, in such manner as will enable the department charged with the enforcement of this act easily to find the same; and also the number of apartments in each house, the number of rooms in each apartment, ana the number of families occupying the apartments. In case of a transfer of any tenement house, it shall be the duty of the grantee of said tenement house to file in the house department a notice of such transfer, stating the name of the new owner, within thirty days after such transfer. In case of the devolution of the said property by will, it shall be the duty of the executor and the devisee, if more than twenty-one years of age, and in the case of devolution of such property by inheritance without a will, it shall be the duty of the heirs, or in case all the heirs are under age, it shall be the duty of the administrator of the deceased owner of said property, to file in ^?aid department a notice, stating the death of said owner and the names of those who have succeeded to liis interests, witnin thirty (30) days after the death of the decedent, in case he died intestate, and witliin thirty days after the probate of his will, if he died testate. Name and address of agent for service of process filed. Sec. 83. Every owner, agent or lessee of a tenement house shall file in the housing department a notice containing the name and address of such agent of sucli house, for the purpose of receiving service of process, and also a description of the property, by street and number or otherwise, as the case may be, in such manner as will enable the department charged with the enforcement of this act easily to find the same. The name of the owner or lessee may be filed as agent for this purpose. Names and addresses indexed. Sec. 84. The names and addresses filed in accordance with sections eighty-two and eighty-three hereof shall be indexed by the housing department in such a manner that all of those filed in relation to each tenement house shall be together and readily ascertainable. Said indices shall be public records, open to public inspection during business hours. Notice or order served five days before. Sec. 85. Every notice or order in rela- tion to a tenement house shall be served five days before the time for doing the thing in relation to which it shall have been issued. Summons, how served. Sec. 86. In any action brought by any department charged with the enforce- ment of this act in relation to a tene- ment house, for injunction, vacation of the premises or other abatement of nuis- ance, or to establish a lien thereon, it shall be sufficient service of summons to serve the same as notices and order are served under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure. Act to be minimum requirement. Further restrictions may be imposed. Laws and ordinances inconsistent repealed. Sec. 87. The provisions of this act shall be held to be the minimum require- ments adopted for the protection, the health and the safety of the community, and for the protection, the health and the safety of the occupants of tenement houses. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed as prohibiting the local legislative body of any incorporated town, incorporated citj-, incorporated city and county, or county, from enacting, from time to time, supplementary ordinances or laws imposing further restrictions, or providing for fees to be charged for per- mits, certificates or other papers required by this act; but no ordinance, law, regu- lation or ruling of any municipal depart- ment, authority, officer or officers, shall repeal, amend, modify or dispense with any of the provisions of this act. All statutes of the state and all ordi- nances of incorporated towns, incorpo- rated cities, incorporated cities and coun- ties, and counties, as far as inconsistent with the provisions of this act, are here- by repealed; provided, that nothing in this act shall be construed as repealing or abrogating any present law or ordi- nance of any incorporated town, incorpo- rated city, incorporated city and county. 135 or county, in the state which furtlier re- stricts the percentage of the lot lo oe •covered by a tenement house, the num- ber of stories or height of such tenement house or number of apartments therein, the occupation thereof, the materials to be used in its construction, or increasing the size of the yards or courts, the floor space to each person occupj'ing a room, the reciuirements as to sanitation, venti- lation, light and protection against fire. Nothing in this act shall be construed as abrogating, diminishing, minimizing or denying the power of any incorporated town, incorporated city, incorporated city and county, or county, by ordinance or law, to further restrict the percentage of the lot to be covered l)y a tenement house within said municipality, the number of stories or height of such tenement house or number of apartments therein, the oc- cupation thereof, the materials to be used in its construction, or increasing the size of the yards or courts, the floor space to •each person occupying a room, the re- quirements as to sanitation, ventilation, light and protection against fire. Constitutional declaration. Sec. 88. If any section, subsection, sen- tence, clause or phrase of this act is for any reason held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this act. The legislature hereby declares that it would have passed this act, and each section, subsection, sentence, clause, and phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sen- tences, clauses, or phrases be declared unconstitutional. Act effective September 1, 1917 Sec. 89. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after September 1, 1917. Repeal of existing act. Sec. 90. The act entitled "An act to regulate the building and occupancy of tenement houses in incorporated towns, incorporated cities, and cities and coun- ties, and to provide penalties for the violation thereof and repealing an act en- titled 'An act to regulate the building and occupancy of tenement houses in incorpo- rated towns, incorporated cities, and cities and counties, and to provide penal- ties for the violation thereof, approved April 16. 1909, statutes of California of 1909, page 948," approved April 10, 1911, statutes of California, 1911, page 860, and approved June 13, 1913, statutes of Cali- fornia, 1913, page 737, and approved May 29, 1915, statutes of California, page 952, and all acts amendatory thereof are here- by repealed. SCHUMACHER'S WALL BOARD Does Not Warp, Shrink Nor Buckle. Can Be Paneled Papered Painted Kalsomined Used Inside or Outside For Sale by All Lumber or Building Material Dealers. Ask Your Dealer or Write to Factory For Sample Manufactured by SCHUMACHER'S WALL BOARD COMPANY 58th, San Pedro and Slauson Ave. LOS ANGELES, CAL. 136 HAMMOND LUMBER COMPANY 2010 S ALAMEDA STREET LOS ANGELES SOUTH 1591 HOME 60364 REDWOOD AND OREGON PINE LUMBER ROUGH AND FINISHED MINING TIMBERS LATH. SHINGLES SASH AND DOORS MILLWORK. MOULDINGS GLASS AND MIRRORS CABINETS. FIXTURES HARDWARE BUILDERS ROUGH AND FINISHED CORRUGATED IRON LIMEandCEMENT BRICK AND PLASTER WALLBOARD METAL LATH FLOORING HARDWOOD AND SOFT LAID. SANDED SCRAPED ROOFING COMPOSITION ROLLS AND SHEETS APPLIEDOR READYMADE BRANCH YARDS BLOOM INGTON 8RAWLEY CALEXICO CALIPATRIA COLTON EL CENTRO HIGHLAND HOLLISTER HOLTVILLE IMPERIAL ONTARIO ORANGE OWENSMOUTH PASADENA POMONA REDLANDS RIVERSIDE SAN BERNARDINO VAN NUYS WESTMORELAND TERMINAL YARDS. EAST SAN PEDRO 137 Index to State Tenement H ouse 1917 Section Act of 1911, 1913, 1915, repealed 90 Act-, to be minimum requirement 87 when in effect 89 when part declared unconstitutional 88 Agent, forbidden to do certain acts 3 names and addresses indexed 84 name filed, service of process 83 Alterations, not to violate act 4 when without filing- plans .-. 7 Apartment, definition of 10 means of egress 45 means of egress 45 one room 120 square feet area 29 one water-closet in each 37 Approved, definition of 10 Architect, certain acts forbidden 3 verified application to erect 7 Automobile garage, public, forbidden 77 machine shop forbidden 77 room, construction of 64 Bakery, how may be installed 77 Basement, definition of 10 is a story 10, 12 walls damp-proofed below ground.... 27 when room may be occupied 27 Bathroom, door same as for water- closet 39 existing tenements, one for five apartments 40 height of ceiling 29 not to cook in 67 not to sleep in 67 one bathtub for three apartments.... 39 size of window 32 walls, floors to be waterproof 39 Bathtub, not to be obstructed 74 Bed and bedding to be sanitary 75 Boilerroom, construction of 63 Builder, certain acts forbidden 3 Building department, definition of 10 duty of 2 plans and specifications filed with.... 7 Building, not to be placed in front of tenement unless 11 Ceiling, height of, in apartment or entertainment room 29, 33 Cellar, definition of 10 no room to be used for living pur- poses 26 not to sleep in 67 to be clean and sanitary 74 to be illuminated and ventilated 26 to be waterproof and dampproof 26 Cei'tificate of final completion 2, 8 Chickens, not to be kept 77 Cities, incorporated 1 City, may make greater restrictions.. 87 Closet, exceeding 25 square feet area 29 size of 29 Comm'ss'on of Iinmigration and Housing, powers of 2 Completion, cei-tificate to be applied for 8 final certificate 2, 8 Contractor, forbidden to do certain acts 3 verified apnl'cat'on to erect 7 Corner lot, definition of 10 front of 10 part distant more than 75 feet from corner 10 10 per cent unoccupied 13 street to street, computing unoccu- pied space 13 street to street, yard 18 yard, depth, etc 18 Corridor, same width as stairway 52 Counties i County officers, duty of 2 Court, definition of 10 forbidden to serve two tenement houses 15 must be clean 74 not to be made smaller 4 recess from, size 24 to be graded and drained; paved 71 to be on same lot as windows open- ing on 30 to be open to sky 10 walls to be light color 69 inner; bounded by lot line; size 23 cornice may extend into 10 definition of 10 door or window at bottom, in all tenements 23 intake to 25 material of walls, construction 62 semifireproof ; material 62 size of 23 wooden tenement; material 62 outer, cornice may extend into 10 definition of 10 size of 22 Cow, not to be kept 77 Curb level, definition of 10 Definitions 10 Department, definition of 10 Door, exterior, when metal screened.... 72 penthouse, not to be locked 51 width and height to fire escape 57 where liquors, drugs, oil, paint 77 Dressingroom, when used for sleeping 67 Drugs 77 Ducks, not to be kept 77 Egress, not to be obstructed 4 Elevator shaft, door oi- window into.... 60 how constructed 60 skylight or ventilator in roof 60 Enforcement, building department, health department 2 Enp;ineer, certain acts forbidden 3 Erection, plans and specifications filed 7 Family, definition of 10 Fat boiling, when may be 77 Fees, may be required by ordinance.... 87 Fine to be a lien 80 Fire escape, balcony, how fastened and supported 53 existing tenement, kept in good order 58 goose neck ladder to roof 53 height of sill of door or window opening on 57 inclined stairway, how constructed 53 ladder to carry 100 pounds per square foot 57 load to be carried by platform 57 metallic balcony, width of 53 metallic, painted or galvanized 53 method of construction 53 not to be removed 4 number computed from floor area.... 5R number required; types 53 one to be on street front 55 signs to point location of 55 138 size of opening tlirough cornice 53 stairway 150 pounds per square foot 57 top rail to withstand certain pres- sure 57 type 4 or 5, used as a stairway 54 width and height of door or window 57 when egress from public parlor or lobby 55 when may run to apartment direct K5 when must be on public highway 55 Fireproof tenement house, definition of 10 height limit 12 stairways 46 Floor, lowest, opening through rat- proofed 28 lowest, to be ratproofed 28 to be 18 inches above ground 28 Foundation walls, openings to be rat- proofed 28 to be brick, stone or concrete; size 28 Garbage can, must be provided when 73 chute, when may be installed.. 73 Gas service, to have cut-off valves.... 44 Geese, not to be kept 77 Goat, not to be kept 77 Hallway, public, defined 10 public, French window, door 34 light to burn sunset to sunrise.... 68 lighting- in two-story house 34 same width as stairways 52 separate, what constitutes 34 window if three apartments 34 Hall, public window, size of, to open 34 Hall, added, existing tenement, height 65, 66 Health department, duty of 2 owner to file naine and address, etc. 82 Horse, forbidden when 77 Housing department, definition of 10 duty of 2 owner to file name and address, description of property 82 Immigration and Housing Commis- sion, when may enter house 9 Injunction, service of summons 86 Inner court, definition of 10 door, or window at bottom in all tenements 23 intake to 25 material of walls, construction 62 . one side lot line; size of 23 semifireproof ; material 62 size of 23 wooden tenement; material 62 Intake, to inner court, or vent shaft 25, 61 Interior lot, definition of 10 Janitor, to eight-apartment house 78 Jurisdiction 1 Kitchen, definition of 10 rainimuin size of 29 not to sleep in 67 sink, not to be of wood 44 one for each apartment 39, 40 window area 31 Laws inconsistent herewith repealed 87 Lessee, certain acts forbidden 3 to file naine and address, etc 82 Lessor, certain acts forbidden 3 Lien, fine to be a 80 Liquors, spirituous 77 Lis pendens 81 Lot, corner, definition of 10 corner, over 75 feet from corner, interior lot 10 street to street, measurement of yard 13 street to street, unoccupied space computed 13 10 per cent unoccupied 13 definition of 10 depth of, definition 10' front of, definition 10 front of corner lot 10 interior, definition of 10 street to sti«et 13 25 per cent unoccupied 13 plan of to be filed 7 rear, no tenement house to be placed thereon 11 rear of, definition 10 to be clean and sanitary , 74 to be properly graded and drained 71 Mule, not to be kept 77 Municipal corporation, not liable for costs 79 Notice, of pendency of action 81 to be served five days 85 Nuisance, definition of 10> proceedings on abatement 79 not to be maintained 3 Occupancy, permit of 2, 8 without permit and certificate for- bidden 8 Occupied space defined 10 Oil 77 Order, to be served five days 85 Ordinances inconsistent repealed 87 Ordinance, may make further restric- tions 87 Outer court, definition of 10 cornice may extend into 10 size of 22 Owner, names and addresses indexed 84 name and address of filed 82 unlawful to do certain acts 3 when may enter house and why 9 Paint 77 Penthouse, construction of 51 door, not to be locked 51 existing tenement, when required.... 51 over staii'way to roof 51 Permit, application for, what to con- tain 7 expires by 90-day limitation 7 for erection, reconstruction, con- version, alteration 7 issuance not to approve violation.... 7 of occupancy 2 of occupancy, issuance of 2 of occupancy, renewed annually 8 of occupancy to be applied for in writing 8 to be in duplicate 8 to store hay, rags, junk, etc 76 when may be canceled 7 Person, defined 10 Pigeons, not to be kept -77 Plans, approved copy on the job 7 to be approved 7 Plumber, certain acts forbidden 3 Plumbing connections, of what ma- terial made 44 fixtures, made to conform 44 fixture, not to be obstructed 74 fixtures, to be trapped 44 Porch, when window may open througfh 30 Public hallway, defined 10 same width as stairway 52 Rabbit, not to be kept 77 Ratproof, openings in foundations 28 Ratproofing, lowest floor 28 Rear lot, definition of 10 Recess, from court, yard or street 24 from room, size of 29 used for sleeping 67 Reconstruction not to violate act 4 Repeal of act of 1911 and amendments 90 Roof, to be water-tight and drained.... 71 Room, added, existing tenement; height 65 area of window in 31 139 automobile, construction of 64 boiler, construction of 63 Rooms, converted to reception, etc., rooms 29 Room, dressing, when may be used for sleeping 67 entertainment, height of ceiling 33 when used for sleeping „ 33 window area 33 existing tenement, used for sleep- ing 66 height of ceiling 29 Rooms, in apartment, size of, width, hei ght 29 Room, not to be occupied in cellar 26 not to be subdivided by curtain, etc. 29 old wall paper to be removed 70 reception, entertainment, when no window 33 recess, used for sleeping _ 67 sleeping, to be a light color 69 sleeping, to be free from vermin 69 to be kept clean and sanitary 74 to have window of prescribed area 30 used for sleeping, floor area 67 Rubbish, not to be on lot or premises 74 Sanitation, of all parts of house and lot 74 Scuttle, existing tenement 51 not to be locked 51 Semifireproof tenement house, stair- ways 46 Shaft, door into, how constructed 60 dumb-waiter, construction of 60 elevator, how constructed 60 skylight or ventilator in roof 60 how constructed _ 60 not to be diminished „ 4 walls to be light color 69 when door into self-closing 60 Window into, how constructed 60 Shall, is mandatory _ 10 Shower bath, one for three apart- ments _ 39 Side yard, width of 21 Sink, woodwork to be removed 44 Skylight, lighting hall, two-story house 34 not to be diminished 4 over stairway, when „ 35 how constructed 35 ventilating area _ 35 when may be omitted 35 public hall, size of; construction 34 Slop-sink compartment, height of 29 size of window „.. 32 Stable, not to be kept 77 Stairway, area of skylight over 35 construction of 49 construction of penthouse over 51 continuous ground to top story 49 depth of landing 49 existing tenement, to penthouse or scuttle 51 from outside to basement or cellar 46 head room of _ 49 how width measured 49 landing, width of _ 52 light to burn, sunset to sunrise 68 not to be over steam boiler unless.... 48 not to be removed 4 not to run to or through boiler room 48 one side of elevator shaft 48 to have skylight over 35 two handrails required when 49 when may terminate at second floor 49 when metal lathed or plaster boarded 49 when to be carried to roof 51 when stairwell required 35 wooden, no closet under; exception.. 50 Stairways, at least two for each house 46 computing number required 47 fliepioof tenement 46 how to be located 48 semifireproof tenement „ 46 wooden tenement house 46 Stairwell, when required 35 Standpipe, four or more stories, one or more; size 59 where located on house 59 when not required _ 59 Street, defined 10 frontage, definition of 10 owner or agent may designate 10 measurement for height of tenement 12 recess from, size 24 Summons, service of 86 Superintendent, certain acts forbidden 3 Superior court, jurisdiction over vio- lation _ 79 Swine, not to be kept 77 Tenant, certain acts forbidden 3 Tenement house, bakery in 77 building moved to conform 5 converted building to comply 5 damaged by fire 51 per cent 5 defined 10 description of where filed 82, 83 eight apartments to have person in charge 78 fireproof, definition of 10 hay, excelsior, rags, junk forbid- den when 76 limit of height _ 12 name of agent filed where 83 no house to be placed in front unless 11 not to be placed on rear lot 11 nuisance, abatement of 79 permit to occupy renewed annually 8 plans filed in duplicate 7 rear, defined 10 roof watertight and drained 71 semifireproof, defined 10 space between front and rear build- i ig 15 specifications filed in duplicate _ 7 to be clean and sanitary „ 74 to be in good repair 71 unlawful construction, alteration, conversion, maintenance 79 vacation of 6 verified petition for permit to erect, etc 7 who may inspect and when _ 9 wooden, defined 10 Title of act 1 Toilet, where no running water 43 Towns, incorporated _ 1 Transom, where liquors, drugs, oil, paint 77 Urinal, size of window 32 Vent shaft, door or window at bot- tom „ 23, 61 enclosed same as elevator shaft 61 least width, least area 61 pipes may be placed in „ 61 size of intake: construction 61 walls to be light color nr^ what windows may open on 30 Violation of act a misdemeanor 6 Procedure on 6 Walls, foundation, to be brick, stone or concrete 28 Water, existing tenement, plumbing fixture to have 41, 42 fixtures to have cut-off valve 44 Water-closets, ex'sting tenements, "For Men," "For Women" _ 38 fixture not to be enclosed in wood- work 37 floor to be waterproof 37 140 in prior erected tenement house 38 not to be obstructed 74 not to cook in 67 not to open on room where food is stored 37 not to sleep in 67 one in each apartment 37 placed in existing house to comply.... 38 school sink, privy vault, forbidden when 38 size of window 32 to have door with lock or bolt 37 walls to be nonabsorbent 37 width, height 29 wooden seats to be varnished or enameled 44 woodwork to be removed from fix- tures 44 Window, all rooms except cellar, to have : 30 area, how measured 31 area of in each room 31 area, reception, entertainment room 33 in shaft, how constructed 60 least area 12 square feet per room.. 31 not to be diminished 4 opening on court on same lot 30 on Are escape, width and height 57 public hall, French window or door in lieu 34 size of, to open 34 to open at least one-half 30 upon what to open and how 30 to water-closet, bath, slop sink 30 when may open on porch 30 when not required in entertainment room 33 when public ha-iyvvay must have 34 when to be screened 72 where drugs, liquors, oil, paint 77 Yard, behind ever.N' tenement house.... 14 corner lot, depth, etc 18 street to street, part of street al- lowed IS defined 10 forbidden to serve two tenement houses 15 front, defined 10 excavated, light to basement 20 width of for rear building 11 interior lot, depth of 17 street to street, part of street al- lowed 17 must be clean 74 not to be diminished 4 rear, defined 10 depth of, how measured 16 recess from, size 24 side, defined 10 width of 21 street to street lot, interior and corner 1 3 to be graded and drained 71 to street passageway 10 when must be paved, concreted 71 Phone or Call Us for Your Machinery Needs COLLINS & WEBB, INC. Phones: F-7069— Bdwy. 3484 412 E. Third St. Los Angeles, Cal. Alfred H. Thompson Manufacturer of THOMPSON PATENTED AUTOMATIC GAS STEAM BOILERS For Power Systems GAS STEAM BOILERS For Heating Systems GAS WATER HEATERS For Domestic Water GAS STORAGE WATER HEATERS THOMPSON PATENTED AUTOMATIC HOT WATER DOMESTIC AND HEATING SYSTEMS Made in L. A., U. S. A. A4529 312-16 South Figueroa Street 141 State Hotel and Lodging House Act— 1917 CHAPTER 736. An act to regulate the erection, con- struction, moving, alteration, mainte- nance, use and occupancy of hotels, and the maintenance, use and occu- pancy of the premises and land on which hotels are erected or located, in all parts of the State of California, including incorporated towns, incorpo- rated cities, and incorporated cities and counties, and to provide penalties for the violation thereof; and repealing an act entitled "An act to regulate the building and occupancy of hotels and lodging houses in incorporated towns, incorporated cities, and cities and counties, and to provide penalties for the violation thereof,'' approved June 16, 1913, statutes of California of 1913, page 1429. (Approved May 31, 1917. In effect Sep- tember 1, 1917.) Statutes of California of 1917, page 1422. The People of the State of California ilo enact a.s follows: Title of act. Jurisdiction. Section 1. This act shall be known as the ".state hotel and lodg'ing- house act," and its provision shall apply to all parts of the State of California, including' in- corporated town.'!, incorporated cities, and incorporated cities and counties. Act by whom enforced. Certificate of final completion. Permit of occu- pancy. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the "building department" of every incorpo- lated town, incorporated city, and incor- porated city and county, to enforce all the provisions of this act pertaining- to the erection, construction, reconstruction, moving, conversion, alteration and ar- rangement of hotels and to issue the cer- tificate of "final completion" hereinafter provided. It shall be the duty of the "housing- department" and if there is no housing department the health department of every incorporated town, incorporated city, and incorporated city and count}' to enforce all of the provisions of this act pertaining to the maintenance, sanita- tion, ventilation, use and occupancy of hotels after said hotels have been erected, constructed or altered, as the case maj' be, and the certificate of "final comple- tion" has been issued by the building department and to issue the "permit of occupancy" as hereinafter provided. In the event there is no building de- partment or no housing department or health department in an incorporated to-wn, incorporated city or incorporated city and county, it shall be the duty of the officer or officers who are charged with the enforcement of ordinances and laws regulating the erection, construc- tion or alteration of buildings, or the maintenance, sanitation, ventilation or occupancy of buildings, or of the police, fire or health regulations in said incorpo- rated town, incorporated city or incorpo- rated city and county to enforce all of the provisions of this act. In every county it shall be the duty of the officer or officers who are charged with the enforcement of ordinances or laws regulating- the erection, construction or alteration of buildings or of the main- tenance, sanitation, occupancy and venti- lation of buildings, or of the police, flre or health regulations in said county, to enforce all of the provisions of this act outside of the limits of any incorporated town 01- incorporated city. Every incorporated town, incorporated city, or incorporated city and county in the State of California shall have author- ity, and is hereby empowered and given authority, to designate and charge by ordinance any other department or officer than the department or officers men- tioned herein, with the enforcement of this act, or any portion thereof. The commission of immigration and housing of California shall have, and it is hereby empowered and given authority to enforce the provisions of this act, which do not pertain to the actual erec- tion, constiuction, reconstruction, mov- ing, conversion, alteration and arrange- ment of hotels in all parts of the State towns, incorporated cities, incorporated town.s incorporated cities, incorporated cities and counties, in the State of Cali- fornia, whenevei--said commission finds or discovers a violation or violations of the provision.s of this act and notifies the local department or officer, or depart- ments or officers who are charged with the enforcement of the provision.s of this act, in writing, of such violation or vio- lations, and the said local department or officer, or departinents or officers, fail, neglect or refuse to enforce the provisions of the said act within thirty days there- after; provided, however, that the .=!aid commission of immigration and housing of California .«hall enforce the provisions of this act only in the instances specified in said written notice. Certain acts forbidden. Nuisance. Sec. 3. It shall be unlawful for anv person, firm or coipoiation, whether as ownei', agent, contractor, builder, archi- tect, engineer, superintendent, foreman, plumbei', tenant, lessee, lessoi', occupant, or in any othei' capacity whatsoever, to erect, constiuct, reconstruct, alter, build upon, r-nove, convert, use, occupy or maintain, or to cause, permit or suffer to be erected, constructed, reconstructed, altered, built upon, moved, converted, used, occupied oi- maintained any hotel, or any portion thereof contrary to the provisions of this act, or to commit or maintain oi- cause or permit to be com- 142 mitted or maintained any nuisance in or upon any hotel or any portion thereof, or any of the premises, yards or courts which are a part thereof, or which are required by the provisions of this act; or to do or cause to be done, or to use or cause to be used, any privy, sewer, cesspool, plumbing or house drainage af- fecting the sanitary condition of any hotel or any portion thereof, or of the premises thereof, contiary to any of the provisions of this act. Work in violation of act forbidden. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person to make any alterations or changes or reconstruction work of any kind whatsoever, to any hotel erected prior to the passage of this act, or to any hotel hereafter erected, or to in- crease the height, in any manner which would be inconsistent with any of the provisions of this act, or in violation of the said provisions of this act; or in any manner to diminish the size of the yards, courts or shafts or the size of windows or skylights, or to remove any stairway or fire escape, or to obstruct the egress from such building or from the hallways or stairways, or to do anything that would affect the ventilation and sanita- tion of the building, contrary to any of the provisions of this act. Converted or moved house to conform. House damaged more than 51 per cent. Sec. 5. A building not erected for, or which is not used as a hotel at the time of the passage of this act, if hereafter converted to or altered for such use, shall thereupon become subject to all of the provisions of this act affecting hotels hereafter erected. A building used as a hotel at the time of the passage of this act, if moved, shall be made to conform to all of the provi- sions of this act affecting hotels hereafter erected, in so far as they pertain to the percentage of the lot occupied and the size of outer courts, inner courts bounded by a lot line, and yards. It shall be unlawful to reconstruct any hotel which is hereafter damaged by fire or the elements to an extent in excess of fifty-one per cent of its physical propor- tions, imless the said building is made to conform to all of the provisions of this act affecting hotels hereafter erected. Violation of act a misdemeanor. Proce- dure. Sec. 6. Any person, firm or corpora- tion violating any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misde- meanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, and in addition to the penalty therefor, shall be liable for all costs, expense and dis- bursements paid and incurred by the de- partment, by any of the officers thereof, or by any agent, employee or contractor of same, in the prosecution of such vio- lation. The costs, expense and disburse- ments by this section provided shall be fixed bv the court having jurisdiction of the matter. Except as herein otherwise specified, the procedure for the prevention of vio- lations of this act, for the vacation of hotels or premises unlawfully occupied, or for the abatement of a nuisance in connection with a hotel, or the premises thereof, shall be as set forth in the char- ter and ordinances of the municipality in which the procedure is instituted. Permit to erect, convert, add to or move house, how obtained. Sworn applica- tion in writing. Spec.fications and plans and plan of lot filed. Approved copy plans and specifications on premises. Nominal alterations. Per- mit may be revoked, when. Permit expires in ninety days, when. Sec. 7. In every incorporated town, in- corporated city, and incorporated city and county, it shall be unlawful to com- mence or to proceed with the erection, construction, reconstruction, conversion or alteration of a hotel or to move, or to build upon, or to convert a building of any portion thereof into use as a hotel without first obtaining a permit in writing so to do from the department charged with the en- forcement of this act. Any person, firm or corporation desiring such a permit shall file an application therefor with the department charged with the enforce- ment of this act. Said application shall give a detailed statement in writing, verified under oath by the person making the same, of the erection, construction, reconstruction, moving, conversion, or alteration, as the case may be, upon blanks or forms to be furnished by the .said department. The said application mu.st be accompanied with a full, true and complete set of the plans of the ho- tel, or alteration, or work proposed, as the case may be, together with a set of specifications describing the materials proposed to enter into the construction of the proposed work, also a plan of the lot on which such building is proposed to be erected, constructed, reconstructed, converted, altered or moved, as the case may be. Such statement shall give in full the name and address by street and number of the owner or owners, also the name and address of the architect and of the contractor, if there be such an archi- tect or contractor; also shall give such other data and information as in the judgment of the department charged with enforcement of this act is deemed neces- sary. The affidavit to said applicat'on shall allege that the plans and specifications are true and contain a correct desC"rip- tion of the proposed hotel, lot and pro- posed work. If any person other than the owner makes such affidavit, such per- son shall not be recognized except that he allege in his affidavit that he is au- thorized and empowered by the said own- er to act for him and to sign the required affidavit. Said department charged with the enforcement of this act shall cause all such plans, specifications and state- ments to be examined, and if it appears that they conform to the provisions of this act, shall then issue a permit to the person submitting the same. Said de- partment may, from time to time, ap- prove changes in any plans, specifications or statements previously approved by it; provided, that all changes when so made shall be in conformity with the provi- sions of this act. Said department shall have the power to revoke or cancel any permit or approval that it has previously 143 issued in case of any refu.sal, failure or neglect of the person to whom sucn per- mit or approval has been issued to com- ply with any of the provisions of this act, or in case any false statement or misrepresentation is made in any of the said plans, specifications or statements submitted or filed for such permit or ap- proval. The erection, construction, re- construction, moving, alteration or con- version of any such hotel, as the case may be, shall be made in accordance with the plans, specifications and state- ments submitted or filed, and for which the permit is issued. A true copy of the plans, specifications and other information submitted or filed, upon which a permit is issued, with the approval of the department with which they are filed, stamped or written there- on, shall be kept upon the premises of the hotel or work for which the said per- mit is issued, from the commencement of said building or work to the final com- pletion of same, and shall be subject to in.speetion at all times by proper authori- ties. The department charged with the en- forcement of this act may, at its discre- tion, issue a permit in case of nominal alterations or repairs, when application is made therefor, in writing, by the own- er or his agent, when the making of said nominal alterations and repairs do not affect any structural feature or the sani- tation or the ventilation of the hotel, without requiring the filing of plans or specifications. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval by the department charged with the enforcement of this act under the authority of this section shall not be deemed or construed to be a permit or an approval of the violation of any of the provisions of this act. Every permit or approval which is is- sued by the department charged w^ith the enforcement of this act, but under which no work has been done within ninety days from the date of issuance, or where work has been suspended for a period of ninety days, shall expire by limitation and a new permit shall be obtained be- fore the work may be done. Certificate of final completion, how ob- tained. Permit of occupancy, how obtained and when renewed. Sec. 8. In every incorporated town, incorporated city, and incorporated city and county, it shall be unlawful to oc- cupy or to permit to be occupied, any hotel hereafter erected, constructed, re- constructed, altered, converted or moved, as the case may be, or any portion there- of, for human habitation until the issu- ance of a "certificate of final completion" and a "permit of occupancy" by the de- partment oi- departments charged with the enforcement of this act. It shall also be unlawful to occupy any existing hotel until a permit of occupancy has been issued by the department desig- nated to issue such permit. Every permit of occupancy shall be re- newed each calendar year by the depart- ment designated to issue the said permit; provided, that no structural alterations, or changes have occurred since the issu- ance of the certificate of final completion: and provided, that all other provisions of this act have been complied with. Any person desiiing a certificate shall file a notice with the department charged with the enforcement of this act. Said department shall cause an inspection to be inade of the said hotel or portion thereof, or work described in the .said notice, within ten days after written ap- plication therefor, and shall issue a "cer- tificate of final completion" if it is found that all the provisions of this act, .regu- lating the erection, construction, altera- tion or moving, as the case may be, have been coinplied with. The department charged with the en- forcement of this act and designated to issue the permit of occupancy, shall issue the said "permit of occupancy" upon ap- plication, in writing, therefor by the own- er or his agent, and upon the filing by the owner or his agent of such state- ments or records required by the depart- ment, after the "certificate of final com- pletion" has been issued; provided, that no violations have occurred since the is- suance of the certificate of final comple- tion, or, in the case of a hotel erected prior to the passage of this act, and for which no certificate of final completion has been issued, then after the said de- partment has caused an inspection to have been made of the said hotel and has found that all of the provisions of this act applying to such hotel have been com- plied with. All permits and certificates shall be made in duplicate and a copy shall re- main on file in the department issuing them. Any hotel hereafter erected, altered, converted or moved, which is occupied, or any portion thereof which is occupied for human habitation, prior to a "certifi- cate of final completion" or a "permit of occupancy" being issued, shall be deemed a nuisance and the department or depart- ments charged with the enforcement of this act may cause it to be vacated, until the said certificate of completion and per- mit of occupancy have been obtained in accordance with the provisions of this act. Who may enter house and when. Sec. 9. The department or depart- ments charged with the enforcement of this act in any incorporated town, incor- porated city, and incorporated city and «*ounty, or county, and the authorized of- ficers, agents or employees of such de- partment or departments, may, whenever necessary, enter hotels or portions there- of, or the premises thereof, within the corporate limits of such towns, cities, cities and counties, or counties, for the purpose of inspecting such building, in order to secure compliance with the pro- visions of this act and to prevent viola- tions thereof. The members of the commission of im- migration and housing of California and the agents, officers or employees of said commission may, whenever necessary, enter hotels or portions thereof, or the premises thereof, for the purpose of in- specting such buildings in order to secure compliance with the provisions of this act and to ])revent violations thereof. The owner or his authorized agent may, whenever necessary, enter hotels or por- tions thereof, or the premises thereof, owned by him, to carry out any instruc- 144 tioiis or to perform any work required to be done by the provisions of this act. Definitions. Lodging house Is a hotel. When hotel Is mentioned it includes lodging house. Sec. 10. For the purpose of this act, certain words and phrases are defined as follows, unless it shall be apparent from their context that they have a different meaning: Words used in the singular include tht plural, and the plural the singular. Words used in the present tense include the future. Words used in the masculine gender in- clude the feminine, and the feminine the masculine. Words "building department," "health department," "housing department," "de- partment charged with the enforcement of this act," "fire commissioner," shall be construed as if followed by the words, "of the incorporated town, incorporated city, incorporated city and county, or county," as the case may be, in which the hotel is situated. "Approved" defined as applied to build- ing material, appurtenances, appli- ances and construction. "Approved" means whatever material, appliance, appurtenance, or other mat- ter meets the requirements and approval of the department charged with the en- forcement of this act, or which is ap- proved by local ordinance of the munici- pality in which the building is situated, or any appliance, appurtenance, or other matter which conforms to the require- ments of, and bears the approval of the "national board of fire underwriters"; provided, however, that no such material, appliance, appurtenance or other matter shall be deemed "approved" for use where, or in such a manner as would be inconsistent with the intent, or specific provisions of this act. Basement defined. A basement is a story. "Basement" is any story or portion thereof partly below the level of the curb or the actual adjoining ground level, the ceiling of which in no part Is less than seven feet above the curb level or actual adjoining ground levels. If the adjoining ground is excavated to or below the curb level, or to or below the adjoining natural ground level, such excavated space shall have not less than the minimum width and length required in this act for outer courts. Every basement is a story. "Building" is a hotel. "Building department" means the com- missioner of buildings, superintendent of buildings, chief inspector of buildings, or any officer or department charged with the enforcement of ordinances and laws regulating the construction and altera- tion of buildings or structures. "Cellar" is any story or portion there- of, the building of which in any part is less than seven feet above the curb level and actual adjoining ground levels. Courts are outer and Inner. See sections 19 and 20. Street-to-yard court is now a side yard. How far cornice may project into court. "Court" is an open, unoccupied space other than a yard on the lot on which is situated a hotel. A court, one entire side or end of which is bounded by a front yard, a rear yard or a side yard, or by the front of lot, or by a street or a pub- lic alley, is an "outer court." Every court which is not an "outer court" is an "inner court." Every couit shaH be open and unob- .structed to the siiy from a point not more than two feet above the floor line of the lowest story in the ijuildmg in which there are windows from looius abutting tlie said court, except that a cornice on the building may extend into an "outer court" two inches for each one foot in width of such court, and a cornice may extend into an "inner court" one inch foi- each foot in width of such court. "Curb level" is the curb level opposite the center of the "front of lot." Wherever the word "department" is used it means the building department, the housing depaitment, the health de- partment oi' such other department offi- cer, or department officers, who are charged with the enforcement of the pro- visions of this act. Dormitory. Every 100 square feet floor space is a guest room. "Dormitory" is a room in which more than two persons are "guests" and are not living together and shall, for the pur- pose of computing the number of I'ooms, be deemed a separate guest room for each one hundred square feet of superficial floor area therein. Fireproof hotel or lodging house to be constructed of "approved" material. See definition of "approved." "Firepioof hotel" is a building wherein all the exterior and interior loads or strains are transmitted to the foundation by means of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone or by means of a skeleton framework of steel or iron; the exterior walls, inner court walls and roof con- structed of concrete, reinforced concrete, biick, stone or hollow terra cotta tile; where all the structural steel or iron Is thoroughly flreproofed by concrete, ce- ment plaster, tile, brick or sandstone, not less than two inches thick; where all the interior partitions are constructed of either hollow teiia cotta tile blocks, gyp- sum blocks, brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, or of metal studs lathed with metal lath and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath, or of metal studs lathed with apr proved plaster board and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick, in- cluding the plaster board, or construct- ed of wire glass not less than one-foui'th inch thick, set in metal frames and sash, and all other materials used in the said building are of approved incombustible material, except that the glass in win- dows, transoms, or doors may be of plain gla.'^s, and except that doors, frames, sash and the usual trim of rooms, hallways, coiridors, and passageways may be of wood, and except that wood floors may be placed on top of the floors constructed of incombustible materials, except in the public hallways. "Guest" is any person hiring and occu- pying a room for sleeping purposes, and shall include both boarders and lodgers. "Guest room" is a loom which is occu- pied, or is intended, arranged or designed to be occupied for sleeping purposes by one or more guests, but shall not be 145 deemed to include dormitories used for sleeping puiposes. Hotel. Lodging house Is a hotel. "Hotel" is any house or building, or portion thereof, containing six or more guest rooms whicii are let or hired out to be occupied, or which are occupied by six or more guests, whether the compen- sation for hire be paid diiectly or in- directly in money, goods, wares, merch- andise, labor or otherwise, and shall in- clude Turkish baths, bachelor hotels, stu- dio hotels, public and private clubs and any building of any nature whatsoever so designed or occupied, except hospitals where persons temporarily reside and where each such person receives regular bona fide medical attendance on the premises, and jails, detention buildings and similar buildings where human be- ings are housed and detained under re- straint. When department of public health to be housing department. "Housing department" is any depart- ment or commission charged with the enforcement of ordinances or laws regu- lating the occupancy and maintenance of hotel, lodging house or uwelling house buildings; and where no such department is maintained, shall be deemed to be the health commissioner, the department of health, health officer, or similar depart- ment charged with the enforcement of laws and ordinances relating to the pro- tection of tlie public health. What constitutes a "lot." Part of corner ner lot more than 75 feet from corner. Either street frontage may be front of corner lot. "Lot" is a parcel or area of land on which is situated a hotel, together with the land, yards, courts and unoccupied spaces for such a hotel as required by this act; all of which land shall be owne 1 or be under the absolute lawful control and in the lawful possession of the hotel. A lot situated at the junction of two or more intersecting streets, with a boun- dary line thereof bordering on each of the two streets, is a "corner lot." All parts of the width of such corner lot which are distant more than seventy-five feet from the junction point of the two or more intersecting streets, shall be deemed to be an "interior lot." The owner or his authoiized agent may desig- nate either street frontage as being the front of such corner lot for the purpose of determining the width thereof. A lot which has only one boundary line bordering on a public street is an "in- terior lot." "Rear lot" is a parcel or area of land having no boundaiy line bordering on .-j street, or having less than one-half of its width as a boundary line bordering on a street. "Front of lot" is the boundary line of lot bordering on the street. In case of a corner lot, either of the boundary lines may be the "front of lot." "Rear of lot" is the boundary line thereof opposite the "front of lot." "Depth of lot" is the mean distance from the "front of lot" to the "rear of lot." Nuisance defined and what it embraces. "Nuisance" embraces public nuisance as known at common law or in equity jurisprudence, and whatever is danger- ous to human life or detrimental to health; and shall also embrace ihe over- crowding with occupants of any I'oom, in- sufficient ventilation, or illumination, or inadequate or insanitary sewerage oi plumbing facilities, or uncleanliness, and whatever renders air, food or drink un- wholesome or detrimental to the health of human beings. "Person" is a natuial person, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns; also includes a firm, partnership, or corpora- tion, its or their successors or assi.gns. "Public hallway" is a hallway, coi-ridor. passageway or vestibule not within a suite, and includes stairways, landings and platforms. "Rear hotel" is a hotel on a "rear lot." Semlflreproof buildings to be constructed of "approved" material. See defini- tion of "approved." "Semlflreproof hotel" is a building with all exterior walls and walls of inner and outer courts constructed of brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete or hollow terra cotta tile, except that the walls of an inner court, which court is surround- ed on four sides by the same building, may be constructed as provided in this act for such inner courts; interior parti- tions and floors constructed of approved incombustible materials or of wood, with all ceilings, partitions, soffits of stiir- wa>s, and outside stringers of open stair- ways and stair wells metal lathed and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath, or lathed with approved plaster board, plasteied not less than three-quarters inch thick including the plaster beard; in which all finished floors, frames, doors and the usual trim of rooms and hallways may be built of wood, and the roof of which shall be covered with at least a composition fire-retardant material. "Shall." Whenever this word is used it shall be mandatory. Street to be 16 feet or more in width. "Street" is any public street, alley, thoroughfare or park having a minimum width of sixteen feet, measured from the "front of lot" to the opposite "front of lot" and which shall have been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use. "Turkish bath" is a dormitory or a combination of guest rooms, accommo- dating six (6) or more guests, in com- nection with which any form of bath or inassage is given by the attendants to the guests. Wooden hotel to have public hillways, stairways and stairwells metal lathed or plaster boarded. "Wooden hotel" is a building which docs not full>- comply witti the require- ments for a fireproof or semifironioof ho- tel as defined in this act, shall include all frame and all veneered buildings. In every sucii building all ceilings and walls and partitions of public hallways, soffits of interior stairways and the outside stringers of open stairways and stair wells shall be metal lathed and plastered not less tiian three-quarters inch thick includin.g the lath, or lathed with an ap- pi-oved plastoi- boa id and be plastced not less than three-fiuarteis inch thick in- clud'n.g the olnstei- hoard. Yards are front, rear or side. "Yard" is an open unoccupied space 46 other than a court on the lot on which is situated a hotel, open and unobstruced to the sky from a point not more than two feet above the floor line of the lowest stoiy in the building in which there are windows from the rooms abutting" the said yard; except that outside stairways, platforms and balconies constructed of open metal framework and fire escapes may extend not more than four feet into a yard, providing they do not in any manner obstruct the light or ventilation of rooms. If such yard is between the front line of the building and the front boundary line of the lot. it is a "front yard." If it is between the extreme rear line of the building and the rear of the lot, it is a "rear yard." If it extends from the rear yard to the front yard, or front of lot, it is a "side yard." Rear hotel or lodging house forbidden, when. When building in front forbid- den. Sec. 11. No hotel shall hereafter be erected on or moved onto a rear lot. No building for any purpose shall hereafter be erected in front of any hotel unless there be left unoccupied a front yard ex- tending from the front of the rear hotel to the front line of lot bordering on the street. Such front yard shall not be in any part less in width than fifty (50) per cent of the actual width of the rear hotel. Height limit of fireproof, semifireproof and wooden hotels. Limit by stories and feet. Basement is a story. Sec. 12. No fireproof hotel hereafter erected shall exceed one hundred fifty feet in height, nor more than one and one-half times the width of the widest street to which the lot on which it is sit- uated abuts. No semifireproof hotel building hereaf- ter erected shall exceed six stories at any point; nor more than sixty-five feet in height (except as hereinafter provided), nor more than one and one-half tirties the width of the widest street to which the lot on which it is situated abuts. No wooden hotel hereafter erected shall exceed three stories at anj' point, nor more than thirty-six feet in height (ex- cept as hereinafter provided), nor more than one and one-half times the width of the widest street to which the lot on which it is situated abuts. The width of the street, for this pur- pose, shall be measured from the extreme front of the building to the "front of lot" opposite, across the street. For the purposes of this section, a base- ment is a story. The height of a fireproof hotel is the perpendicular distance from the curb lev- el or adjoining ground levels to the high- est point of the roof. The height of a semifireproof or of a wooden hotel is the perpendicular distance froin the curb level or adjoining ground levels to the lowest point of the finished ceiling of the top story; provided, that in the case of a semifireproof hotel situated on a lot with the ground sloping downward from the facade at which the measurement is taken the height of the building shall not at any point exceed sixty-five feet above the curb level measured on the facade facing the street, nor shall the height of the building at any point of the grade exceed seventy-five feet above the adjoining- curb in case of a corner j lot, or above the level of the ground in I the case of an interior lot, and in the ' case of a wooden hotel sutated on a lot with the ground sloping downward from the facad^ at which the measure- ment is taken the height of the building shall not at any point exceed thirty-six feet above the curb line measured on the facade facing the street, nor shall the height of the building at any point of the grade exceed forty-six feet above the adjoining curb in the case of a corner lot or above the level of the ground in the case of an interior lot. Yard or court not to serve two hotels or lodging houses, unless. Distance be- tween front and rear buildings. Sec. 13. In no event shall any yard or court be made to serve the purpose of two hotels hereafter erected, or of an existing hotel and a hotel hereafter erect- ed, unless such yard or court, as the case may be, is of full size required for two hotels, and then only in the event that such yard or court, as the case may be, is located on the same lot and owned by or in the absolute lawful control and in the lawful possession of the hotel it pro- poses to serve. Where a hotel, now or hereafter erect- ed, stands upon a lot, no other building shall hereafter be placed upon the front or rear of that lot, unless the ininimum distance between such buildings shall be at least ten feet and two additional feet shall be added to such minimum distance of ten feet for every story more than one in height of the highest building- on such lot. Yard. Depth of, how measured. Sec. 14. The depth of a rear yard shall be measured at right angles from the ex- treme rear line of the building toward the rear lot line. Yard. Minimum size rear yard. Sec. 15. The miniinum size of every rear yard for a hotel hereafter erected shall be not less in width and in area than an inner court, except that if such rear yard is bounded on its entire one end or side by an outer, court or by a alley or park, then such rear yard shall be not less in width or exceed the maxi- mum length of an other court; provided, however, that if the lot extends through from one street to another street or pub- lic alley, one-half of the narrowest street or I ublic alley, to which said lot abuts maj be considered as a part of the lot in computing the rear yard required. Yard-to-street passageway. Sec. 16. Every rear yard not bordering on a street or public alley and without direct access thereto shall have access to a street or public alley by means of an unobstructed passageway not les.s than three feet six inches in clear width, nor less than seven feet in clear height; and if such passageway or any portion thereof passes through a building, such portion thereof shall be built of approved incombustible materials, or shall be lathed with metal lath or approved plaster board and be plastered not less than three- quarters inch thick including the lath or plaster board, or shall be lined with not less than number twenty-six (gauge) gal- vanized iron, and shall be drained and lighted. 147 Yard. Front yard excavated. Sec. 17. Every front yard which is ex- cavated below the level of the curb or below the adjoining ground level for the purpose of furnishing light and ventila- tion to a basement shall in no part be less in width and length than required for outer courts. Yard. Minimum size of side yard. Sec. 18. The width of every side yard shall be not less than the width required for an outer court, except that the pro- visions of this act regarding the maxi- mum lengths of an outer court shall not apply to a side yard; provided, that if there is a side yard on both sides of the budding connected one with the other across the rear of the building by the rear yard, then the width of the side yards may be reduced twelve inches. Outer court. Outer court on lot line. Sec. 19. The minimum size of every outer court for a hotel hereafter erected shall be as follows: Height of building based on the full number of stories in the building measured upward from and including the Minimum lowest story in which there is a guest room or guest width of rooms, or a dormitory or dormitories court 1 story 4 ft. in. 2 stories 4 ft. in. 3 stories 4 ft. 6 in. 4 stories 5 ft. 6 in. 5 stories 6 ft. in. 6 stories _ _ _ 8 ft. in. 7 stories 10 ft. in. 8 stories _ _ 12 ft. in. 9 stories 13 ft. in. 10 or more stories _ 14 ft. in. Maximum length of court 16 ft. in. 16 ft. in. 25 ft. in. 30 ft. in. 35 ft. in. 35 ft. in. 40 ft. in. 40 ft. in. 40 ft. in. 40 ft. in. There shall be added to the minimum width of each such outer court six inches for each five feet or fractional part there- of in excess of the maximum length; pro- vided, however, that the maximum lengths herein pi-ovided shall not apply when the outer court is bounded on one side for its entire length by a lot line; provided, further, that if an outer court is bounded by a public alley or public park, the width of such public alley or public park may be considered a part of the lot in determining the required width of the outer court. Inner court. Inner court on lot line. In- ner court and vent shaft to have door or window at bottom. Sec. 20. The minimum size of every inner court for a hotel hereafter erected shall be as follows: Height of building based on the full number of stories in the building measured upward from and including the lowest story in which there is a guest rooin or guest rooms, or a dormi- Minimum tory or dormitories width of court 1 story _ _ _ _..- 6 ft. in. 2 stories 6 ft. in. 3 stories _ _ _ -.... - 7 ft. in. 4 stories 8 ft. in. 5 stories 12 ft. in. 6 stories 16 ft. in. 7 stories _ _ _ 20 ft. in. 8 stories and more 24 ft. in. Minimum area of court 75 square feet 75 square feet 120 square feet 160 square feet 250 square feet 400 square feet 625 square feet 840 square feet provided, however, that the minimum size ■of every inner court which is bounded on one side for its entire length by a lot line may be as follows: Height of building based on the full number of stories in the building measured upward from and including the lowest story in which there is a guest room or guest rooms, or a dormi- Minimum tory or dormitories width of court 1 story _ 5 ft. in. 2 stories - - S ft. in. 3 stories 6 ft. in. 4 stories _ - ~ - 7 ft. in. 5 stories 9 ft. in. 6 stories _ - - 16 ft. in. 7 stories 20 ft. in. 8 stories and more 24 ft. in. Minimum area of court 75 square feet 75 square feet 120 square feet 160 square feet 250 .square feet 400 square feet 625 .square feet 840 square feet Every inner court hereafter construct- and every inner court or vent shaft now in any hotol or lodging house shall be provided with a door or window at or near the bottom thereof, giving sufficient access to such court or vent shaft as to enable it to be properly cleane 1 out. Recess from court, yard or street. Sec. 21. Every reces.s from a court, yard or street in a hotel hereafter erect- 48 ed shall unless it conforms to the require- ments of this act for an inner court, or an outer court, be not less in width than its depth. Every such I'ecess shall be open and unobsti-ucted from a point not more than two feet below the floor line of the lowest story in the building in which theie are rooms the said recess proposes to serve. Inner court, when to have intake. Con- struction. Sec. 22. Every inner court in a hotel of two or more stories in height hereafter erected shall be provided with one or more hoi'izontal intakes at the bottom of the court, as follows: Minimum number of Inner court areas intakes Each not exceeding 300 square feet One Each not exceeding 800 square feet Two Each exceeding- 800 square feet Two Net aggregate area of intakes 19% square feet 40 square feet 60 square feet Every such intake shall always extend directly to the front of lot or front yard, or rear yard, or to a side yard, or to a street, or to a public alley or park. When- ever more than one intake is lequired, one such intake .shall extend to the front of lot oi- front yard, and one to the rear yard, public alley, public park, or to the other street, and the couil ends of the air intakes shall be as far apart as possible. E'ach such intake shall consist of an unobstructed duct or passageway having a minimum width of three feet in all its parts and a minimum height of six inches. Every such intake shall be constructed of approved incombustible materials, oi' shall be lined with at least number twenty-six (gauge) galvanized iron on the inside thereof. Such air intakes may be closed at each end with a gate or grill having not less than seventy-five per cent of open work. In case the inner covirt does not ex- tend below the second floor, then each such air intake may consist of an unob- structed open duct, constructed of ap- proved incombustible matei-ials or lined with at least number twenty-six (gauge) galvanized iron on the inside thereof, having an interior area of not less than nineteen and one-half square feet, and in no • dimension less than twelve inches, and covered at each end with a wire screen of not less than one inch mesh. Every air intake shall be drained and so constructed and aiTanged as to be readily cleaned out. Cellar. Occupation forbidden. Water- proof. Damproof. When plastered. Sec. 23. In no hotel shall any room in the cellar be constructed, altei'ed, con- verted or occupied for sleeping purposes. Every cellar shall be illuminated and ventilated. The walls and fiooi- of everj- cellar hereafter constructed, which are below the ground level, shall be inade waterproof and dampproof, and when- ever deemed necessary and so ordered by the department charged with the en- forcement of this act, the walls and ceil- ings thereof shall be plasteied. Basement. When occupied. Construc- tion. Sec. 24. In no hotel shall any room in the basement be constructed, altered, converted or occupied for sleeping pur- poses, unless such room conforms to all of the requirements of this act for rooms in other parts of the building, and that ceiling of each such room be in all parts not less than seven feet above the adjoin- ing ground level. Every basement shall be illuminated and ventilated. The walls and floors of every basement hereafter constructed, which are below the ground level, shall be made waterproof and dampproof, and whenever deemed necessary and so or- dered by the department charged with the enforcement of this act, the walla and ceilings thereof shall be plastered. Floor. Construction of lowest. Founda- tion. Construction. Ratproofing. Sec. 25. In every hotel hereafter erect- ed, the lowest floor thereof shall be af least eighteen inches above the surface soil adjoining and under the floor, and the entire space under such floor shall be kept dry, drained, clean and free from any accumulation of rubbish, debris or filth. Such space under the floor shall be en- closed and provided with a sufficient nurhber of openings With removable screens or siniilai' provisions of a size to insure ample ventilation; provided, how- ever, that in any such building the low- est flooi' thereof may be less than eighteen inches above the surface soil but in no case less than six inches (except where masonry floors are laid directly on the soil) if the said floor is made imper- vious to the ingress of rats or other ver- min, as follows: (a) Foundation walls .shall be con- structed of concrete or of brick or stone or other masonry laid in a good mortar or constructed of some other equally as rat proof material. (b) The said foundation walls shall be not less than six inches in thickness at the top nor less than twelve inches in thickness at the bottom, nor extend less than twelve inches below the surface soil, and except where masonry floors are laid directly on the soil, shall extend not less than six inches above the surface soil. (c) Every opening in the foundation walls, for ventilation or for other pur- poses, shall be made rat proof with suit- able metal screens or some other simi- lar rat proof material. Doors or window openings in such walls shall have tight- fltting doors or windows. (d) The said lowest floor or differing levels thereof, forming a complete floor between the outside walls of the building, shall be constructed either of masonry, or covered with concrete not less than one and one-half inches thick, or con- structed of two layers of flooring with a layer of galvanized iron or galvanized 149 iion wire cloth or other approved equally as rat pioof material placed between the two layers of flooring. Or in lieu of the floor being constructed as herein pre- scribed, the entire ground area under the floor shall be covered with concrete not less than two Inches thick, except where the surface of the soil is composed of I'ock. The rat-proofing material shall al- ways extend under the plates of the ex- terior walls and supporting partitions. (e) All openings throughout the said floor for chimneys, plumbing. water pipes or for other purposes shall be closed up tight in the same manner and with the same kind of materials as required under the plates of the exterior walls and supporting partitions, and if the rat- prooflng material used for the closing of openings is other than masoniy, it shall extend beyond and underlap the flooring all around the opening, not less than two inches. Rooms for guests. Water-closets. Re- ception and dining rooms. Closets, Recesses. Dressing rooms. Area. Width. Height. Sec. 26. In every hoi el hereaftei- erect- ed, every guest room shall contain not less than ninety square feet of superficial floor area. Every such room shall at every point be not less than seven feet in width, nor less than nine feet in height, measui'ed from the finished floor to the finished ceiling; except that attic rooms where sloping ceilings occur need be nine feet in height in but one-half the area of the room. Every water-closet compartment shall be not less than thirty-six inches in cleai' width, and every such water closet com- partment, bath or slop-sink compartment, or closet or recess from a loom, or dress- ing room shall have a height of not less than seven feet six inches, measured from the finished floor to the flnished ceiling. Every closet, recess from a room, or dressing room which contains more than twenty-five square feet of superficial floor area (built-in dressers, clothes presses and similar features which are a sub- stantial part of the structure, shall not be deemed to be a part of the floor area of a closet, recess from a room, or dress- ing room), shall conform to all of the provisions of this act as to guest rooms, and shall contain not less than ninet>' square feet of superficial floor area. No part of any room in any hotel shall hereafter be enclosed or subdivided whol- ly or in part, by a cuitain, poitierc, fixed or movable partition, or othei- contrivance or device, for any purpose, contrary to any of the provisions of this act. Entertainment, amusement or recep- tion rooms, or public dining rooms, here- after constructed, altered or converted in any hotel shall conform to the provisions of section thirty of this act. Dormitories hereafter constructed, al- tered or converted in any hotel shall con- form to the provisions of section sixt>- two of this act. Windows. Rooms to have. Water-closet, bath, shower, toilet and slop-sink rooms to have. On what to open. Exhaust system when. Sec. 27. In eveiy hotel hefeaftei' erect- ed, every guest room, dormitory, kitchen, scullery, pantry or other room in which food is stored or prepared, public dining room, lauudrj, barber shop, Tmkish bath, general amusement, enteitainmeiit or leception room, watei-closet oi' shower compartment, bath, toilet or slop-sink room and general utility room shall have at least one window, of the area herein- after required, opening directly upon a street, or upon a \ard or court of the di- mensions specified in this act and located on the same lot. All windows required b>- this act shall be located so as to pioperl>' light all por- tions of the room and shall be made so as to open in all paits and be so arranged that at least one-half of the window may be opened unobstructed. The windows required by this section in a water-closet or shower compari;mb..t. bath, toilet or slop-sink room may open directly into a vent shaft, in lieu of a street, yard or court. Such vent shaft to be not less than of the minimum size, and constructed of the materials and in the manner presciibed by section fifty- seven of this act, or such rooms or com- partments, in lieu of being provided wii* windows may be ventilated by an exhaust system of ventilation installed, construct- ed and maintained as prescribed by sec- tion sixty-one hereof. The windows required by this section to open onto a street, >ard, or an outer court, except windows from kitchens, may open through porches, provided thai said porches do not exceed seven feet m depth, measured at right angles to the windows and that at least seventy-fiv^- per cent of the entire side of the porch, bounded by the street, yard, or oute\ court, is left open except that the open space may be enclosed with mosquito sci-eens. Kitchens, sculleries, pantries or othei- rooms used for cooking, storing or pre- paring of food, public dining rooms, laun- dries, barber shops. Turkish bath, gei.- eral amusement oi- leception rooms and general utilit\- rooms, in lieu of win- dows, may be ventilated by an exhaust system of ventilation installed, construct- ed and maintained as presci'ibed by sec- tion sixty-one hereof. Windows. Area for certain rooms. Least area. Measurement. Sec. 28. In ever.\- hotel hereafter erect- ed, the total window aiea in each guest loom, kitchen, scullery, pantry or other room in which food is stored or prepared, laundry, barber shop. Turkish bath, o} general utility room, shall be at least one-eighth of the superficial floor area of the room. The aggregate window area in each room shall be not less than twelve square feet and no single window shall be less than six squai-e feet in area. .\11 measurements for window area shall be taken to the outside of the sash. The window area required for doi-mi- tories, entertainment, amusement, recep- tion or dining rooms shall be a.s herein- after provided. Window area of water-closet, bath, toilet, slop-sink, OP shower room. Sec. 29. In cverN- hoiol hereafter erect- ed each window in a watei-closet com- partment, bath, toilet or slop-sink I'oom. or shower room, shall be not less than thiee square feet in area. The aggregate' area of windows for each such compart- ment or room shall be not less than six 150 square feet. In each such compartment or room containing more than one water- closet, bath, urinal or slop-sink, the ag- gregate window area shall be equivalent to three square feet foi- each water-closet, bath, urinal or slop-sink therein; except that at no time need the aggregate win- dow area exceed one-fourth of the super- ficial floor area of such compartment or room. Windows. Reception, amusement or din- ing room. Height of celling. Sec. 30. In every hotel hereafter erect- ed the total window area in each room used for the purpose of entertainment, amusement, reception or dining room, which room has a superficial floor area not exceeding one hundred eighty square feet, shall be at least one-eighth of the superficial floor area of such room. Every such room which has a super- ficial floor area exceeding one hundred eighty square feet shall have an aggre- gate window area not less than that re- quired for a room of one hundred eighty square feet of supei-ficial floor area. Every such enteitainment, amusement, reception or dining room shall have a minimum height between the finished floor and the finished ceiling of not lesa than nine feet. No such room or part thereof shall be used for sleeping pur- poses, except that said room or part thereof complied with all of the other provisions of this act for guest rooms. Windows, doors, skylight In public hall- way. Area. Construction. Sec. 31. In every hotel hereafter erect- ed every public hallway, on any floor where there are more than five guest rooms, shall have at least one window, opening directly upon a street, or upon a yard or a court, of the dimensions specified in this act and located on the same spot; such windows shall be at the end of the public hallway and placed so as to secure the maximum light into the hallway; provided, however, that in ho- tels not exceeding two stories in height the public hallway may, in lieu of sucli windows, be lighted and ventilated by one or more skylights constructed in ac- cordance with the provisions of this act. Every window required by this act in a public hallway shall be not less than twenty-nine inches in clear width, nor less than fifty-eight inches in height, and the finished sill of same shall not be more than thirty inches above the adjoining finished floor. Every window shall be made so as to open, and so arranged that at least one- half of the window may be opened un- obstructed. Every skylight provided for in this sec- tion shall have an effective horizontal area of glass of not less than fifteen square feet, and shall have ridge ventila- tors or fixed or movable louvres so as to provide a ventilating area of not less than five himdred square inches. Such skylights shall be so located that no por- tion of the hallway be distant more than twenty feet, measured from a vertical line, from a skylight opening. Any part of a public hallway which is offset, recessed, or cut off from any other part of the hallway where such offset or recess is more in length than one and one-half times the width of the public hallway from which it offsets or recesses. shall be deemed a separate public hallway within the meaning of this section. French windows or doors, if arranged to open and glazed to give the areas of opening and glass required by this act for windows in public hallways, may be used in lieu of windows therein. Ventilating skylight over stairwell. Sec. 32. In every hotel two or more stories in height hereafter erected, where there are more than five guest rooms on any one floor, there shall be provided at the roof over each stairway a ventilating skylight, placed directly as practicable over same, having a minimum effective horizontal area of glass at least twenty square feet in area for buildings two stories in height, and the area of glass in such skylight shall be increased at the ration of six square feet for each addi- tional story in height. In every such sky- light the ventilating area shall be not less than five hundred square inches. Every such skylight, ventilating open- ings, shutters and closing and opening devices for the ventilating openings, shall be made of approved incombustible ma- terials, and so arranged that the entire ventilating area may be readily opened from at least the topmost and first story levels; except that in hotels not exceed- ing four stories in height the ventilators may be arranged so as to open from at least the first story, or may be flxed permanently in an open position. Skylights as in this section prescribed may be omitted in case that windows are provided of the size fixed by section thirty-one hereof, and located adjoining the stairways, and that each window ad- joining the stairway be provided with an open louvre or ventilator providing a ventilating area of not less than one hun- dred square inches or such louvre or ventilator may be placed in the roof over the stairway in which event the venti- lating area shall be not less than five hundred square inches. Whenever a skylight is required, as in this section provided, there shall be con- structed a stair well, the clear open area of which shall be at each floor equal to one- third of the area of the glass in the skylight. Water-closet on public hallway. One for .each sex. One for ten guest rooms. Employees. Construction. Floor waterproofed. Sec. 33. In every hotel hereafter erected there shall be installed not less than one water-closet in a separate compartment, located on the public hallway, for each sex on such floor. One of such water- closets shall be distinctly marked "for men," one one of the water-closets dis- tinctly marked "for women"; and there shall be installed not less than one water- closet in a separate compartment, located on the public hallway, for every ten guest rooms, or fractional part thereof, on such floor, which are not provided with private water-closets. Each of the said water- closets shall be accessible from each of the guest rooms through the public hallway, and not more than one hundred feet dis- tant from the entrance door of each of the guest rooms the said water-closet pro- poses to serve. In every hotel hereafter erected there shall be installed not less than one water- closet for every twenty employees of each sex in said building. No door or other opening in a water- closet or urinal compartment shall open 151 from or into any room in which food is prepared or stored. The walls enclosing: a water-closet com- partment shall be well plastered, or con- structed of some nonabsorbent material, except that the ordinary wood trim for openings may be used in such a compart- ment. Every water-closet compartment shall be provided and equipped with a full door, properly hung, and provided with a lock or bolt to lock same. The floor of every water-closet compart- ment hereafter constructed shall be maae waterproof with asphalt, tile, marble, ter- razzo, cement or some other similar non- absorbent material, and such waterproof- ing shall extend not less than si.K inches on the vertical walls of the compartment. Water-closets In prior erected hotels. Number required. Sec. 34. In every hotel erected prior to the passage of this act there shall be installed not less than one water-closet in a separate compartment, located on the public hallway for each sex; one of such water-closets shall be distinctly marked "for men," and one of the water- closets shall be distinctly marked "for women"; and there shall be installed not less than one water-closet in a separate compartment, located on the public hall- way, for every twelve guest rooms, or fractional part thereof, on such floor, which are not provided with water- closets; provided, however, that the hous- ing department charged with the enforce- ment of this act may exempt any hotel existing at the time of the passage of this act from fully complying with the provisions of this paragraph when, in its discretion, such deviation will not be detri- mental to the health of the occupants thereof, or to the sanitation of the said hotel or premises; provided, further, that no such exemption shall apply to any ad- dition or extension to a hotel. Every water-closet hereafter placed in a hotel erected prior to the passage of this act shall comply with every provision of this act relative to water-closets installed in hotels hereafter erected, except that if a water-closet is installed in the top story of any such building, the compartment in which it is installed may be ventilated by a skylight with fixed louvres in lieu of a window; provided, however, that a new water-closet may be installed to replace a defective or antiquated fixture in the same location. No door or other opening in a water-closet, privy, or urinal com- partment shall open from or into a room in which food is prepared or stored. Every hotel erected prior to the passage of this act or hereafter erected, where a connection with the sewer is possible, shall discontinue the use of any school sink, privy vault or any similar receptacle used to receive fecal matter, urine or sewage, and every such receptacle shall be completely removed and the place where it was located be properly clisin- fected. All such receptacles shall be re- placed by individual water-closets of durable nonabsorbent material, properly connected, trapped, vented and provided with flush tanks, the same as is required, l)y the provisions of this act, in hotels hereafter erected. Bath and shower rooms. Slope sinks. Number. Construction. Sec. 35. In every hotel hereafter erected there shall be installed not less than one bath tub or shower, in a separate compartment, located on the public hall- wa.N', foi- ever.N' ten guest rooms, or frac- tional part thereof, not provided with pri- vate baths: provided, that the said bath tub or shower is on the same floor and is accessible from each guest room through the public hallway. There shall also be installed not less than one slop sink on each floor. The walls and floors to every bath shower or slop-sink room hereafter con- structed shall be waterproofed and shall be provided with doors in the same man- ner as required for the construction of water-closet compartments in hotels hereafter erected. Bath and shower rooms. Slop sinks. Prior erected hotel. Sec. 36. In ever.v hotel erected prior to the passage of this act there shall he in- stalled not less than one bath tub or shower, in a separate compartment, lo- cated in the public hallway, for every twenty guest rooms, or fractional part thereof, which are not provided with private baths; provided that the said bath tub or shower is located on the same floor and is accessilile from each guest room through the public hallway. There shall also be installed not less than one slop-sink on each floor; pro- vided, however, that the housing depart- ment charged with the enforcement of this act may exempt any hotel existing at the time of the passage of this act from fully complying with the provisions of this section when, in its discretion, such deviation will not be detrimental to the health of the occupants thereof, or to the sanitation of the said hotel or prem- ises; provided, further, that no such ex- emption shall appl.x' to any addition or ex- tension to a hotel. Plumbing fixtures. Type of faucets. Sec. 37. In ever^• hotel hereafter erected every plumbing fi.xture shall be provided with running water, and there shall be provided faucets, with running water, suf- flcient in number so that all of the yards, courts and passageways may be washed. Faucets shall be of the hose bibb type, not less than three-quarter inch size. Every plumbing fixture affecting the sanitary drainage system in any hotel hereafter erected, shall be properly con- nected with the street sewer, if a street sewer exists in the street abutting the lot on which the building is located and is ready to receive connections. When it is impracticable to connect such plumbing fixtures with a street sewer, then the plumbing fixtures shall be connected and drained into a cesspool constructed satis- factorily to the department charged with the enforcement of this act; or some other means of sewage disposal satisfactory to the department charged with the enforce- ment of this act may be made until such time as it may become practicable and possible to connect the street sewer. Plumbing fixtures prior erected hotel. Sec. 38. In every hotel erected prior to the passage of this act, every plumbing fixture shall be provided with running water, sufficient in number so that all of the yards, courts and passageways may be washed. Faucets shall be of the hose type, not less than three-quarter inch size. Water-closet, etc., where no running water. Privy vault. Sec. 39. Water-closets, baths, showers, sinks, slop-sinks, faucets and other plumb- ing fixtures required by this act need not be installed in the event that the hotel 152 hereafter erected or an existing hotel, as the case may be, is situated where there is no running water and where there is no practical means of sewage disposal, until such time as it becomes practicable and possible to obtain running water and means of sewage disposal; provided, in ever}' such case the department charged with the enforcement of this act shall decide whether or not it is practicable and possible to provide running water and proper means of sewage d.sposal. A special permit in writing shall be ob- tained in every such case from the depart- ment charged with the enforcement of this act, which permit shall be made in duplicate, and, a copy thereof shall re- main on file in the department issuing it; provided, further, that proper, separate toilet facilities for each sex shall be pro- vided for the use of the occupants of such building. Such facilities shall be made sanitary. A jirivy, or toilet other than a water-closet, erected under the authority of this section shall consist of a pit at least three feet deep, with suitable shelter over the same to afford privacy, and protection from the elements. The openings of the shelter and pit shall be enclosed by mos(iuito screening, and the door to the shelter shall be made to close automatically by means of a spring or other device. No privy pit shall be al- lowed to become filled with excreta to nearer than one foot from the surface of the ground, and the excreta in the pit shall be covered with earth, ashes, lime or similar substances at regular intervals. All drainage water shall be conveyed from the premises by means of a covered drain to a covered cesspool. Plumbing, trapped and vented. Woodwork removed. Wooden wash trays and sinl of not less than six feet six inches, meas- ured from the nearest nosing of the stairway to the nearest sofRt. The depth of every landing in a stair- way shall be not less than the width of the stairway, and all treads shall be of equal width for every run of stairs, and shall not vary in width in the width of the stairs. Every stairway required by this act shall be continuous from the ground level to the top story, i. e., the flights of such stairway shall be constructed one directly above the other, or shall be constructed so that each flight shall be in plain view of each succeeding flight; provided, how- ever, that half of the stairways from the upper floors may terminate at the second floor, in the event that the stairways from the first to the second floor be increased in width not less thaVi fifty per cent. Every stairway shall have at least one liandrail and if the stairway be five feet or more in width, shall have a handrail on each side thereof. The under side and soffits of wooden stairways and the outside stringers of open stairways, except outside stairways in semiproof and wooden hotels shall be metal lathed and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath, or lathed with approved plaster board and plastered not less than three- quarters inch thick including the plaster board. The width of stairways shall be meas- ured in the clear of all projections except the baseboards, and except that hand- rails and newel posts may project not niore than four inches. Closet under wooden stair. When for- bidden. Sec. 46. No closet of any kind shall be constructed in any hotel under any wooden stairway, but such space shall ba kept entirely open, and be kept clean and free from all encumbrance; or such space shall be effectually closed with walls of studs, lathed and plastered, with no door or opening of any kind therein; provided, however, that the provisions of this sec- tion as to a, closet undei; a stairway shall not apply to any hotel not more than two stories in he'ght, in which there are not more than five guest rooms above the first floor thereof. Stairway ground to roof. Penthouse. Scuttle. Construction. Also prior erected building. Sec. 47. In every hotel hereafter erected more than two stories in height, the stairway nearest to the main entrance of the building shall he carried to the roof level and shall give egress to the roof tarougtt a penthouse or roof struc- ture. In every such building not exceed- ing two stories in height there shall be constructed a scuttle, in the public hall- way, near the stairwax-. Such scuttle shall not be less than two feel by three feet in area, and shall be cut through the ceiling and roof. Penthouses over stairways shall be l)uilt eitlier of fireproof materials or of wood studs, lathed with metal lath or ap- proved plaster board and plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick in- cluding the lath or plaster board on the inside and outside thereof; or such pent- houses may be covered in the same man- ner and with the same kind of materials as required by this act for the doors from such penthouses. The door to the roof from a penthouse or roof structure shall be self-closing and shall open outward to the roof and shall be covered on both sides and edges with tin or other metal. The frames and trim of such door open- ing shall bet similarly constructedi and all glass in such door shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick. Every hotel of more than two stories in height, erected prior to the passage of this act, shall have in the roof a pent- house or a scuttle, which scuttle shall be not less than two feet by three feet in area, located in the ceiling of a publit^ hallway. There shall be provided a stair- way or a stationary ladder, leading from the top floor of such hotel to the roof thereof. Such stairway or stationary ladder shall be made readilv accessible to all the tenants of the building. No scut- tle or penthouse door shall at any time be locked with a key, but may he fastened on the inside by a movable lioll or lock. Public hallways, landings, corridors. Width. Sec. 48. Public hallways, landings, and. corridors from stairways shall be of the same width and measured in the same manner as the stairways, as provided in section forty-si.x hereof. Fire escapes. At least one. Number. Types. Construction. Opening through cornice. Metal painted or galvanized. Sec. 49. On ever\- hotel hereafter trected more than two stories in height, there shall be provided at least one fire escape. If such hotel exceeds three thousand square feet of floor area on any one floor al)ove the second floor thereof, such building shall be provided with one ad- ditional fire escape for each four thou- sand square feet of floor area or frac- tional part thereof. Fire escapes required by this act shall be one of the following types: Type 1. Metallic thi-ougliout and fas- tened securely to the exterior walls of the building, with a Italcony at each story above the first story thereof, with in- clined stairways coimecting all lialconies and a goose-neck ladder connecting the topmost balcony to the roof. The lowest balcony of such fire escape to be not more than fourteen feet above the street or ground level directly imder same. All metallic balconies shall be not less than forty-four inches in width nor less than thirty-three stiuare feet in area. The stairway openings therein shall be not less than twenty-one inches wide and forty inches in length. Tho balcony balus- 154 trade shall be not less than thirty-four inches high, with no opening in such bal- ustrade greater than eight inches in hori- zontal dirtiension. There shall be no opening greater than one inch in width in a fire escape balcony platform, except the stair well opening. There shall be no opening greater than one inch in width in the lowest Are escape balcony platform, except that there be attached a counterbalanced or permanent ladder reaching to the street or ground below. Every balcony platform shall be fas- tened to the outside walls of the building by building in and anchoring to sucli walls the balcony platform and the balus- trade framing, or by securely bolting same thereto. Every balcony shall be sup- ported by brackets, braces, or struts fas- tened to or built in and anchored to the walls. The inclined stairways shall be not less than eighteen inches in width and placed in no part nearer than twenty-one inches from the face of the wall. Such inclined stairways shall have an inclination of not less than four inches and not more than six horizontally to each twelve inches of vertical height. The treads shall be not less than four inches wide, placed not more than twelve inches apart. Each side of such stairways shall be provided with a handrail not less than one inch in diameter fastened to the stair stringers and continued around the well hole open- ings of balcony platform. The goose-necli ladder shall be not less than fifteen inches wide and e.xtend ver- tically from the topmost balcony to three feet above the fire wall or roof above, and then be brought down and fastened to the inside face of the fire wall or to the roof. The rungs of the goose-neck ladder shall be not less than five-eighths inch round iron or steel, placed not more thaji fourteen inches apart. The goose- neck ladder shall be securely braced and fastened to the outside wall, and in no case shall such ladder pass in front of any opening in the wall to the interior of the building. The cornice opening for the passage of such ladder shall be not less than twenty-four inches in widtli and twenty-four inches in the clear outside of the ladder. Such fire escape shall he framed and riveted or bolted together in a solid, sub- stantial manner and properly supported, braced and fastened to the outside walls so as to be rigid, durable and secure and carry the loads imposed. All metallic fire escapes shall be painted with not less than two coats of good, durable paint; or such fire escapes may be galvanized. Type 2. Metallic ladders and stairways conforming to the provisions set forth for type one and with reinforced concrete or iron or steel fireproofed balconies, with fastenings of similar materials. Such balconies to measure the full size inside of balustrades. Floor openings and well holes provided and protected similarly to the requirements for metallic balconies. Type 3. Any type of an enclosed ap- proved metallic spiral fire escape which consists of a rigid form of an inclined chute or chutes constructed entirely of incombustible material; securely attached to the outside walls of the buiiding; pro- vided with proper means of egress thereto from the building and egress therefrom at the bottom; having means enabling firemen to reach the roof thereby from the ground; equipped with standpipes; painted the same as provided for metal- lic fire escapes; and satisfactory to the department charged with the enforce- ment of this act as being as solid, sub- stantial and durable and as fireproof in construction, and providing at least as safe and efficient means of escape from the building for the occupants thereof, and furnishing all the protection and utility of the metallic fire escape described as "type one" in this act. Type 4. Fire and smoke towers, con- sisting of a fire escape stairway not less than twenty inches in width, constructed of reinforced concrete, iron or steel, or a combination of these materials; and in all other details as required in this act for metallic fire escape stairways: said stairways being continuous the full height of the building from the flrsi floor exit level to the roof, and with handrails on each side thereof the full length of same. Such stairways to be constructed at a point adjoining the exterior walls of the building and be entirely enclosed with walls of brick, terra cotta tile, concrete or reinforced concrete not less than twelve inches thick; such walls to be continuous from the basement up to and extending three feet above the roof of the building, with no covering of any kind over same, and with no openings in the walls of such tower into the building. Tlie en- closing walls of such tower not to be used to carry or support any floor joisr, beam, girder or other structural feature of the building, nor to be chased for any pipe, conduit or other purpose; to have an exit from the enclosure at the flrst floor line opening directly to a street or yard, apd having an entrance by means of an outside balcony at each floor, such balconies to have a solid floor and in all other details and kind of materials to be as in this act required for metallic fire escape balconies. The balconies to be located and arranged to connect with a door opening from a public hallway in the interior of the building and with a door opening leading from the balcony to tht, tower, such door opening from the build- ing to the balcony and from the balcony to the tower to be not less than thirty inches wide by seventy-two inches high and be equipped with metal-lined doors and with a frame and threshold of such door openings constructed of fireproof materials. Type 5. A fire and smoke tower in every way similar to "type four" of this section, except that instead of the outside bal- cony there be built a vestibule with en- closing walls continuous with and of the same kind of materials and of the same thickness as the enclosing walls of the fire tower; that the vestibule opening be direct from a public hallway and be equipped with metal-lined doors. The vestibule floor to be of masonry construc- tion. The enclosure to have an opening at each floor through the exterior wall of the building, such opening to extend from the floor to the ceiling and be not less in width than three-fourths of the width of the tower, said opening to be protected with an open metallic balus- trade similar to tliat specified for metallic fire escape balconies. Fire escapes. When type 4 or 5 in lieu of stairway. Sec. 50. In any hotel hereafter erected in which there is constructed a fire escape 155 of "type four" or "type five," as pre- scribed in this act, such fire escape may be used and construed as a stairway and a fire escape combined: provided," that there is at least one otlier stairway or one other fire escape constructed in ac- cordance with the provisions of this act, in tlie said building. Fire escape. Where located. One on street front. Signs. Sec. 51. Every fire escape required bv this act shall be located on the building so as to furnish the best means of escape therefrom for the occupants, and at least one such fire escape shall be located on a street front. Every such fire escape shall have egress thereto from a public hall- way or passageway not less than three feet wide, or such fire escapes, in lieu of being located on a public hallway, shall be so located that each guest room has direct egress thereto without passing through another room. If a public par- lor, public lobby, or similar room is con- nected directly with the public hall, cor- ridor or passageway through a clear and unobstructed opening, without doors, then egress may be had thereby to a fire escape. Signs both pointing towards and marking the locations of fire escapes shall be placed on each floor. Fire escapes. Number, how computed. Sec. 52. The largest floor area above the second floor shall be used as a basis for computing the number of fire escapes required by this act; provided, that if all floors above the largest floor area are diminished in size, the number of flre escapes from that portion of the building containing the smaller area may be com- puted on the basis of the largest floor area in that portion of the building. Fire escapes. Construction. Size of door or window. Sec. 53. All parts of each balcony plat- form of a fire escape shall be designed to carry, in addition to the dead load thereof, a live load of one hundred pounds per s(iuare foot over the entire area thereof, using outside dimensions, and the live and dead loads from the ladders or stairs sup- ported thereon. Each ladder shall be designed to with- stand a horizontal pressure of one hun- dred pounds per square foot. Each stairway shall be designed to carry, in addition to the dead load there- of, a live load of one hundred fifty pounds per square foot of horizontal projection. Top rails of balcony balustrades shall be designed to withstand a horizontal pres- sure of one hundred pounds per lineal foot of railing. Each balcony shall be independently supported. All fastenings of fire escape balconies to the bviilding shall be designed to carry twenty-five per cent greater load than the total dead and live loads carried by the balconies. The balcony anchorage shall be direct to the structural steel or iron members of the balustrades and platforms extended into the walls and anchored into the structural work of the liuilding. The level of the inside sill of the door or window giving access to a fire escape balcony or the balcony floor shall be not more than thirty inches above the ad- .ioining floor to the building. Every such door or window opening shall be not less than twenty-eight inches in clear width nor less than fifty-eight inches in height. Where double-hung windows are used in such openings, the lower sash shall be at least the size of the upper sash and shall slide to the top of such opening. Any lock used on any such window shall be of a type which can be readily opened from the interior of the building without the use of a key or other tool. Fire escapes. Repair. Painted. Unob- structed. Sec. 54. Every fire escape in or on a hotel hereafter erected, or in or on a hotel erected prior to the passage of this act, shall at all times be maintained in good order and repair, well painted and clear and unobstructed at all times, and be readih' accessible. Standpipes. When and where required. Siamese inlet. Sec. 55. On every hotel hereafter erected four or more stories in height, there shall be provided one or more metal- lic standpipes. Each such standpipe shall be not less than four inches in internal diameter, and shall have a Siamese inlet valve near the sidewalk or ground di- rectly under same, and an outlet valve at each stor.v above the first story and on the roof. One such standpipe shall be placed on or in the exterior walls of the building at one fire escape on each street frontage, and the outlet valves shall be readily accessible from the balconies of the fire escapes. The inlet and outlet valves on every standpipe shall be threaded and brought to a size which will meet the standard connections of the local fire department of the municipality in which such hotel or lodging house is being erected. The standpipes required by this sec- tion need not be installed in any hotel which is situated where there is no run- ning water and where it is not practicable or possible to obtain water for efficient use of such standpipes in case of fire, until such time as it is practicable and possible to obtain running water; and the department charged with the enforce- ment of this act shall decide whether or not it is possible or practicable to obtain rimning water. Shafts. Elevator. Dumb-waiter. Vent shaft. Construction. Door. Window. Sec. 56. In ever.v fireproof hotel here- after erected, every elevator shaft, dunili- waiter shaft or other interior shaft shall be inclosed in walls constructed of con- crete, reinforced concrete, brick, terra cotta tile or other similar hard, incom- bustible materials, or shall be constructed of metal studs lathed either with metal lath or an approved plaster board and plastered on both sides so as to make a solid partition not less than two inches thick. In every semifireproof or wooden hotel hereafter erected, every sliaft shall be in- closed by K\'alls constructed as provided by this act for fireproof hotels, or such walls shall be constructed with wood studs, with wood firestops the same size as the studs, cut in between the studs at each floor and half way between each floor, lathed on both sides with metal lath or an approved plaster board and be plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath or plaster board. Every opening from any shaft into the building, shall be equipped with a metal door and with door frame and trim en- tirely of metal; or such door and door 156 frame shall be constructed of wood cov- ered with metal on the shaft side thereof, and if there is any glass therein, such glass shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick. Every door or window therein shall be made to close tig'ht, and every door except elevator doors therein shall be self-closing. Every window in such shaft shall be of wired glass, not less than one-fourth inch thick, set in a metal sash or a sash metal-covered on the shaft side thereof. At the roof over every elevator shaft there shall be constructed a ventilating skylight or a ventilator with open louvres. Vent shaft. Construction. Openings. Area. Width. Intake. Pipes. Sec. 57. In every hotel hereafter erected every vent shaft shall be inclosed by walls constructed the same as re- quired by this act for elevator shafts in the same class of building. Such vent shafts may, in a semifireproof or wooden hotel, be lined on the outside thereof (weather side) with metal in lieu of metal lath and plaster: also, that portion of such shaft extending from the ceiling joists to the top thereof may be lined with metal in the same manner as is required for the weather side of such vent shaft. Every opening from any vent shaft into the building or any window therein shall be equipped in the same manner as re- quired by this act for elevator shafts in the same class of building. Plaster on the weather side of any such shaft shall be cement plaster. Every vent shaft required by this act shall be not less than four feet in any direction and be at least sixteen sciuare feet in area. If such vent shaft exceeds fifty feet in height, measured from the bottom to the top of the walls of such shaft, then such vent shaft shall through- out its entire height be increased in area three square feet for each additional ten feet or fractional part thereof above fifty feet. Every such vent shaft shall be pro- vided with an air intake or duct at or near the bottom thereof, communicating with the street or ward or a court. Such in- take shall be not less than three square feet in total area, and may be divided into not more than three separate ducts running between tlie .ioists or otherwise, and shall in all cases be placed as nearly horizontal as possible. Every such in- take or duct shall be constructed of ap- proved fireproof material or shall be of metal or metal-lined, and be provided with a wire screen of not less than one inch mesh at each end. Plumbing, gas, steam or other similar pipes may be placed in such a vent shaft. Every vent shaft shall have a door or a window at or near tlie bottom of the shaft, so arranged as lo permit of its being readily cleaned out. Inner court. Construction. Fireproofing. Sec. 58. The walls of every inner court in a fireproof hotel hereafter erected shall be constructed of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, terra cotta tile or other similar hard, incombustible material. In a semifireproof or in a wooden hotel such inner court walls, if surrounded on four sides by the walls of the same building, shall be constructed as provided for fire- proof hotels, or may W- of wood studs with wood flrestops the same size as the studs, cut in between the studs at each floor and halfway between each floor, lathed on both sides with metal lath, or with an approved plaster board and be plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath or plaster Vjoard. Plaster on the weather side of such inner court walls shall be cement plaster, or such inner court walls may be lined on the weather side with not less than number twenty-six (gauge) metal, in lieu of metal lath and plaster. Boiler or furnace room. Construction. Oil. Sec. 59. In every hotel hereafter erected, every boiler used for the purpose of heating the building, using fuel other than gas, and every heating furnace or water-heating apparatus using oil for fuel, shall be installed in a room, the walls of which room shall be built of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone or terra cotta tile, not less than six inches thick, and such walls shall extend from the floor of the boiler room to the ceiling over same. The entire ceiling of such room shall be built of similar materials as the walls, or shall be built with a double ceil- ing, with a space of not less than seven- eighths inch between the two ceilings, each ceiling shall be metal lathed or lathed with an approved plaster board and be plastered not less than three-quarters inch thick including the lath or plaster board. The floor of a boiler room shall be of concrete not less than two inches thick. Any door in the wall of such room shall be a flre-resisting door, constructed of three thicknesses of seven-eighths inch by not more than six inches, tongued and grooved, matched, redwood boards entire- ly covered on the sides and edges with lock- jointed tin; every such door shall be self-closing, so hung as to overlap the walls of the room at least three inches, and any glass in any such door or any- glass in any window or opening in the walls of a boiler room shall be wired glass, not less than one-fourth inch thick, set in a metal-covered sash. All such doors shall have hinges, hang- ers, latches and other hardware of wrought iron, bolted to the doors, and shall have steel tracks, when sliding doors are used, with wrought-iron stops and binders bolted through the wall. Swing- ing doors shall have wall eyes of wrought- iron, built of bolted through the wall. Every such boiler shall have a sill across each door not less than four inches high. Such sills shall be of masonry, and the doors shall overlap same at least three inches, or in lieu of a masonry sill a steel or iron sill may be used, in which case the door shall close tight on top of same. Where oil or other fluid fuel is liurned, the oil or other fluid fuel shall not be fed by a gravity flow. Automobile room. Public garage or ma- chine shop. Construction. Sec. 60. In every hotel hereafter erect- ed any portion of such building in which there is kept or stored any automobile or automobiles shall be a room enclosed in partitions which shall be built of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone or terra cotta tile, not less than six inches thick. Such enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor of the room to the ceiling of the same. The entire ceiling of such room shall be built of material similar to that in the construction of its walls or shall be either metal lathed or be lathed with an approved plaster board and be well plas- tered, and if any portion of the building 157 is used as a pi'l>lic' autoinol)ile parage, or automobile repair shop, or machine shop tlie ceiling thereof shall be constructed either of masonry, or of a doul)le ceiling metal lathed oi' lathed with an approved l)laster board and be well plastered, there shall be left a space between the ceilings of not less than six inches measured ver- tically. The lower ceiling shall be sus- pended with iron or steel channels. In each case each of the ceilings shall be plastered not less than three-(iuarters of an inch thick, including the lath or the plaster board. The floor of such room shall be of concrete not less than two inches thick. Every door, window or other opening in the walls of such room opening to the interior of the building shall be protected in the same manner re(iuired by section fifty-nine hereof for doors and other openings in a boiler I'oom. Rooms. Exhaust system in lieu of win- dows, when. Construction. Sec. 61. In every hotel hereafter erect- ed the water-closet compartments, bath, toilet or slop-sink rooms, kitchens, scul- leries, pantries or other rooms in which food is stored or prepared, public dining rooms, laundries, barber shops, Turkish baths, general amusements, entertain- ment or reception rooms, and rooms used for similar purposes and general utility rooms, in lieu of being provided with win- dows, as in this act prescribed, may be provided with a fan exhaust system of ventilation. Such fan exhaust system of ventilation shall consist of independent inlet ducts, extending from the outer air to each such room or compartment and exhaust ducts extending from each such room or compartment to the outer air above the highest roof of the building. All of the inlet ducts and exhaust ducts shall be constructed of galvanized iron or other smooth surfaced, nonabsorbent material and so arranged that they may be readily cleaned out. The exhaust ducts shall always be con- nected to an exhaust fan mechanically op- erated, so designed and operated as to provide a complete change of air in not to exceed fifteen minutes for each room used for the following purposes: kitchens; pantries or other rooms used for cooking, storing or preparing of food; barber shops; Turkish baths; laundries. General amusement, entertainment, reception or dining rooms, or rooms used for similar purposes; general utility rooms; and the said fan exhaust system of ventilation shall be so designed and operated as to provide a complete change of air in not to exceed five minutes for each room used for the following pur- poses; water-closets; shower compart- ments; Vmth, toilet or slop-sink rooms or sculleries. Any person in charge of a building in which a system of fan exhaust ventila- tion, as in this section is required, who fails, neglects or refuses to operate and maintain the said system of ventilation in good order and repair so that the ven- tilation (complete change of air) herein specified is provided in each of the rooms or compartments at all times, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and suu- ject to all of the penalties fixed by this act. Dormitory. Twenty persons. Construc- tion. Beds. Water-closet. Urinal. Shower. Wash-sink. Sec. 62. Every dormitory hereafter con- structed, altered, or converted in any hotel shall be as follows: (a) In no one dormitory shall there be provided sleeping accommodations for more than twenty adult persons, nor shall the superficial floor space for each person be less than reciuired by section sixty-five hereof. (b) The ceiling height, measured from the finished floor to the finished ceiling, shall in no case be less than nine feet in the clear, and in no case sliall there be permitted in such dormitor>' more than one tier of beds; provided, however, that in a dormitory in which the clear ceiling height is not less than eighteen feet mea- sured between the finished floor to the finished ceiling thereof, a double tier of beds may be permitted, i. e., one tier above the other; provided, that in no event shall there be less than three feet of clear vertical space between the beds, nor less than three feet in any horizontal direction between any of the beds, nor less than one foot of clear space between the floor of the room and the under side of the first tier of beds. (c) In every dormitory there shall be provided windows opening into a street, or onto a yard or court of the dimensions specified in this act and located on the same lot. The window area shall in no case be less than one-eighth of the super- ficial floor area in the dormitory, and in the event that a double tier of beds are provided, the said window area shall be doubled. (d) The frames of beds in every dormi- tory shall be made of steel or iron or of sorne similar hard smooth incombustible and nonabsorbent material. (e) In every dormitor" there shall be provided not less than one water-closet in a separate compartment, not less than one urinal in a separate compartment, and not less than one wash-sink, for each twenty persons or fractional part thereof occupying the said dormitory. (f) Bjvery dormitory in a hotel erected prior to the passage of this act shall be made to conform to the provisions of sub- section "(a)" of this section. Height of added room or hall existing house. Sec. 63. In any hotel erected prior to the passage of this act, every additional room or hallway that is hereafter con- structed or created may be of the same height as the other rooms or hallways on the same story of such hotel. Room In prior erected hotel for sleep- ing. Hallway. Sec. 64. lOvery room in a hotel erected prior to the passage of this act shall, if the said room be hereafter occupied for living or sleeping purposes, have a win- dow of an area not less than eight square feet, opening directly upon a street, a vard, a court or upon a vent shaft not iess than twenty-five square feet in area, which vent shaft shall in no part be less than four feet wide and open and unob- structed, without roof or skylight over same; except that if such room be located on the top floor of the building, such room may be ventilated by a skylight with fixed louvres directly to the outer air, or ma\- have a window opening upon a vent shaft not less than ten square feet in area, if such window from the room be more than three feet below the top of the wall of such vent shaft. Every public hallway in every hotel erected prior to the passage of this act. 158 which does not conform to the provisions for public hallways in buildings hereafter erected, shall be provided with light and ventilation to the outer air. Such light and ventilation shall be provided by the placing of windows or skylights, or by making such alterations as in the judg- ment of the housing department may be deemed necessary to accomplish the result. Kitchen. Cooking forbidden except. Rat- proofing. Wliere sleeping forbidden. Floor area. Sec. 65 Food shall not be cooked or prepared in any room except in a kitchen designed for that purpose. Floors of kitchens and roms in which food is stored shall be made impervious to rats by a layer of concrete not less than one and one-half inches thick or by a layer of sheet tin or iron or similar material. It shall >.e unlawful for any person to live or sleep, or permit or suffer any per- son to live or sleep, in any cellar, bath, shower or slop-sink room, water-closet compartment, hallway, closet, kitchen, re- cess from a room, or dressing room, ex- cept when such recess from a room, or dressing room has at least ninety square feet of superficial floor area and complies with every requirement of this act for rooms, or in any other place in such build- ing, which in the judgment of the depart- ment charged with the enforcement of this act, would be dangerous or prejudi- cial to life or health by reason of want of light, windows, ventilation, drainage or on account of dampness, offensive, obnoxious or poisonous odors, or in any room that shall be so overcrowded as to afford less than the following floor space for each occupant in accordance with the age of said occupant: Number of persons under Number of persons over 12 years of age 12 yrs. of age 1 or 2 2 or 4 3 or 6 4 or 8 5 or 1 6 or 12 Superficial floor .area required 60 square feet 120 square feet 180 square feet 240 square feet 300 square feet 360 square feet Additional floor area in the same ratio shall be provided for additional persons. Light sunrise to sunset and sunset to sunrise. Sec. 66. In every hotel there shall be installed and kept burning from sunrise to sunset throughout the year artificial light sufficient in volume to properly il- luminate every public hallway, stairway, fire escape egress, elevator, passageway, public water-closet compartment, or toi- let room, whenever there is insufficient natural light to permit a person to read in any part thereof. In every hotel there shall be installed and kept burning from sunset to sunrise throughout the year artificial lisrht suffi- cient in volume to properly illuminate every public hallway, stairway, fire escape egress, elevator, public water-closet com- partment, or toilet room and exterior passageway on the lot. Sleeping room, courts and shafts. Light color. Sec. 67. The walls and ceilings of every sleeping room in every hotel shall, except when there is sufficient natural light to permit a person to read in any part there- of during daytime, be calcimined or paint- ed or papered with a light-colored materi- al, and such calcimine, paint or paper, as the case may be shall be renewed as often as is necessary to maintain the same of a light color and clean and free from ver- min. The walls of courts and shafts, vmless built of light-colored materials, shall be painted of a light color or whitewashed, and such painting or whitewashing shall be renewed as often as is necessary to maintain the same of a light color. Wall paper and calcimine when removed. Sec. 68. No wall, partition or ceiling of any room in any hotel shall be repapered, calcimined, or have any other covering placed thereupon unless the old wall pa- per or other covering shall have first been removed therefrom, and the said wall. partition or ceiling cleaned, disinfected and freed from bugs, insects or vermin. Buildin3 to be in good repair. Roof. Yards, courts, graded and drained, and when paved. Sec. 69 Every hotel shall be maintain- ed in good repair. The roofs shall be kept waterproof and all storm or casual water properly drained and conveyed therefrom to the street sewer, storm drain or street gutter. All portions of the lot about such hotel, including the yards, courts, areaways, vent shafts and passageways, shall be properly graded and drained; and when- ever the department charged with the en- forcement of this act deems it necessary for the protection of the health of the oc- cupants of such building, or .or the prop- er sanitation of the premises, it may re- quire that the said lot, yards, courts, areaways, vent shafts and passageways be graveled or properly paved and sur- faced with concrete asphalt or similar ma- terials. Doors and windows when screened. Sec. 70. There shall be provided, when- ever it is deemed necessary for the health of the occupants of any hotel or for the proper sanitation or cleanliness of any such building, metal mosquito screening of at least sixteen mesh, set in tight-fit- ting removable sash, for each exterior door, window or other opening in the ex- terior walls of the building. Garbage cans. Garbage chute when in- stalled. Sec. 71. In every hotel there shall be provided such number of tight metal re- ceptacles with close-fitting metal covers for garbage, refuse, ashes and rubbish as may be deemed necessary by the depart- ment charged with the enforcement of this act, or in lieu of such metal recepta- cles there may be constructed a garbage chute or shaft approved by the housing department. Each of said receptacles, 159 chutes or shafts shall be kept in a clean condition by the person in charge or in control of the building. Premises to be clean and sanitary. Sec. 72. Every room, hallway, passage- way, starway, wall, partition, ceiling, floor skylight, glass window, door, carpet, rug, matting , window curtain, water-closet compartment or room, toilet room, bath- room, slop-sink or washroom, plumbing fixture, drain, roof, closet, cellar, or base- ment in any hotel or on the lot, yard, court or any of the premises thereof shall be kept in every part clean and sanitary and free from all accumulation of debris, fllth, rubbish garbage or other offensive matter. No person shall, or cause or permit any person to deposit any swill, garbage, bot- tles, ashes, cans or other improper sub- stance in any water-closet, sink, slop- hopper, bathtub, shower, catch-basin, or in any plumbing fixture connection or drain therefrom; or otherwise to obstruct the same: or to place or cause or permit to be placed any filth, urine or other foul matter in any place other than the place provided for same; or to keep or cause or permit to be kept any urine or filtb or foul matter in any room in any hotel, or in or about the said building or premises thereof, for such length of time as to cre- ate a nuisance. Bed, mattress, bedding clean and sani- tary. No roller towel. Linen changed. Sec. 73. In every hotel, every part of every bed, including the mattress, sheets, blankets and bedding, shall be kept in a clean, dry and sanitary condition, free from filth, urine or other foul matter, in or upon the same; and free from the in- fection of lice, bedbugs or other insects. No roller or public towel shall be permit- ted. Bed linen shall be changed at least as often as a new guest occupies the bed. Articles dangerous to life or health. Permit. Sec. 74. In no hotel, or any part there- of, or in the lot, yard, court or any por- tion thereof, shall there be kept, stored or handled any article dangerous or det- rimental to life or to the health of the oc- cupants thereof; nor shall there be stored kept or handled any feed, hay, straw, ex- celsior, cotton, paper stock, rags or junk, except upon a written permit so to do, obtained from the fire commissioner or other department authorized to issue such permit. Every such permit shall be deem- ed to be a public record, made in dupli- cate and a copy thereof shall remain on file in the oflice of the fire commissioner or department issuing same. Animals, poultry, birds forbidden. Stable forbidden. Paint, oil. Sec. 75. No horse, cow, calf, swine, sheep, goat, rabbit, mule or other animal, chicken, pigeon, goose, duck or other poultry shall be kept in a hotel, or any part thereof; nor shall any such animal or poultry, nor shall any stable be kept or maintained on the same lot, yard, court or premises of a hotel, or within twenty feet of any window or door of such build- ing. No hotel shall be connected with or have any door, window or transom open- ing to any part of a building wherein paint or oil are stored or kept for the purpose of sale or otherwise. Janitor or housekeeper when. Sec. 76. In every hotel in which there are eight or more guest rooms and in which the owner does not live, there shall be a janitor, housekeeper or other respon- sible person, who shall reside in such hotel or on the same lot or premises thereof and have charge of same. Violation of act. Procedure on. Sec. 77. In case any hotel, or any part thereof, is constructed, altered, convert- ed or maintained in violation of any pro- visions of this act or of any order or notice of the department charged with its enforcement, or in case a nuisance exists in any such hotel or building or structure or upon the lot on which it is situated, said department may institute any appropriate action or proceeding to prevent such unlawful construction, alter- ation, conversion or maintenance, to re- strain, correct or abate such violation or nuisance, to prevent the occupation of said hotel, building or structure, to pre- vent any illegal act, conduct of business in or about such hotel or lot. In any such action or proceeding said department may, by affidavit setting forth the facts, apply to the superior court, or to any judge thereof, for an order granting the relief for which said action or proceed- ing is brought, or for an order enjoining all persons from doing or permitting to be done any work in or about such hotel, building, structure or lot, or from occupy- ing or using the same for any purpose, until the entry of final judgment or order. In case any notice or order issued by said department is not complied with, said de- partment may apply to the superior court, or to any judge thereof, for an order au- thorizing said department to execute and carry out the provisions of said notice or order, to remove any violation specified in said order or notice, or to abate any nuisance in or about such hotel, build- ing or structure or the lot upon which it is situated. The court, or any judge thereof, is hereby authorized to make any order specified in this section. In no case shall the said department or any officer thereof or the municipal corporation be liable for costs in any action or proceed- ing that ma5' be commenced in pursuance of this act. Fine is a lien. Sec. 78. Every fine imposed by judg- ment under section six of this act upon a hotel owner shall be a lien upon the house in relation to which the fine is imposed, from the time of the filing of a certified copy of said judgment in the office of the recorder of the county in which said hotel is situated, subject only to taxes and as- sessments and water rates, and to such mortgage and mechanics' liens as may exist thereon prior to such filing; and it shall be the duty of the department charged with the enforcement of the pro- visions of this act, upon the entry of such judgment to file forthwith the copy as aforesaid, and such copy filing shall be forthwith indexed by the recorder in the index of mechanics' lien. Notice of pendency of action. How canceled. Sec. 79. In any action or proceeding instituted by the department charged with the enforcement of this act, the plaintiff or petitioner may file, in the county re- corder's office of the county where the 160 property affected by such action or pro- ceeding is situated a notice of the pen- dency of such action or proceeding. Said notice may be filed at the time of the commencement of the action or proceed- ing, or at any time afterwards before final judgment or order, or at any time after the service of any notice or order issued by said department. Such notice shall have the same force and effect as the notice of pendency of action provided for in the Code of Civil Procedure. Each county recorder with whom such notice is filed shall record it and shall index it in the name of each person specified in a direction subscribed b^^ an officer of the department instituting such action or pro- ceeding. Any .such notice may be vacated vipon the order of a judge of the court in which such action or jiroceeding was instituted or is pending. The recorder of the county where such notice is filed is hereby directed to mark such notice and any record or docket thereof as canceled of record, upon the presentation and filing of a certified copy of such order. Owner and lessee to file name and address. Sec. 80. Every owner of a hotel and every lessee or other person having con- trol of a hotel, shall file in the housing department a notice, containing his name and address, and also a description oi the property, by street and number and other- wise, as the case may be, in such manner as will enable the department charged with the enforcement of this act easily to find the same; and also the number of rooms in the building. In case of a trans- fer of any hotel, it shall be the duty of the grantee of said hotel to file in the housing department a notice of such transfer, stating the name of the new owner, within thirty days after such transfer. In case of the devolution of the said property by will, it shall be the duty of the executor and the devisee, if more than twenty-one years of age, and in case of devolution of such property by inherit- ance without a will, it shall" be the duty of the heirs, or in case all the heirs are under age, it shall be the duty of the ad- ministrator of the deceased owner of said property, to file in said department a notice, stating the death of said owner and the names of those who have suc- ceeded to his interests, within thirty days after the death of the decedent, in case he died intestate, and within thirty davs after the probate of his will if he died testate. Agent's name and address filed. Descrip- tion of property. Sec. 81. Every owner, agent or lessee of a hotel shall file in the housing depart- ment a notice containing the name and address of such agent of such house, for the purpose of receiving service of pro- cess, and also a description of the prop- erty, by street and number or otherwise, as the case may be, in such manner as will enable the department charged with the enforcement of this act easily to find the same. The name of the owner or lessee may be filed as agent for this pur- pose. Names and addresses indexed. Sec. 82. The names and addresses filed in accordance with sections seventy-nine and eighty shall be indexed by the hous- ing department in such a manner that all of those filed in relation to each hotel shall be together and readily ascertain- able. Said indices shall be public records, open to public inspection during business hours. Notice or order served five days prior. Sec. 83. Every notice or order in rela- tion to a hotel shall be served five days before the time for doing the thing in re- lation to which it shall have been issued. Summons, how served. Sec. 84. In any action brought by any department charged with the enforcement of this act in relation to a hotel for in- junction, vacation of the premises or other abatement of nuisance, or to estab- lish a lien thereon, it shall be sufficient service of summons to serve the same as notices and orders are served under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure. Act is minimum requirement. Further restrictions. Laws and ordinances in- consistent repealed. Sec. 85. The provisions of this act shall be held to be the minimum requirements adopted for the protection, the health and the safety of the community, and for the protection, the health and the safety of the occupants of hotels. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed as pro- hibiting the local legislative body of any incorporated town, incorporated city, in- corporated city and county, or county, from enacting from time to time, supple- mentary ordinances or laws imposing per- mits, certificates or other papers required by this act; but no ordinance, law, regu- lation or ruling of any municipal depart- ment, authority, officer or officers, shall repeal, amend, modify or dispense with any of the provisions of this act. All statutes of the state and all ordi- nances of incorporated cities, incorpor- ated cities and counties, and counties, as far as inconsistent with the provisions of this act, are hereby repealed; provided, that nothing in this act contained shall be construed as repealing or abrogating any present ordinance or law of any in- corporated town, incorporated city, in- corporated city and county, or county, in the state which further restricts the per- centage of the lot to be covered by a hotel the number of stories or height of such hotel or number of rooms therein, the oc- cupation thereof, the materials to be used in its construction, or increasing the size of the yards or courts, the floor space to each person occupying a room, the re- quirements as to sanitation, ventilation, light and protection against fire. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed as alirogating diminishing min- imizing or denying the power of any in- corporated town, incorporated city, in- corporated city and county, or county, by ordinance or law. to further restrict the percentage of the lot to be covered by a hotel within said municipality, the num- ber of stories or height of such hotel or number of rooms therein, the occupation thereof, the materials to be used in its construction, or increasing the size of the yards or courts, the floor space to each person occupying a room the requirements as to sanitation, ventilation, light and protection against fire. Constitutional declaration. Sec. 86. If any section, subsection, sen- tence, clause or phrase of this act is for 161 any reason held to be unconstitutional, be in force from and after September 1, such decision shall not affect the validity 1917. of the remaining portions of this act. The _ legislature hereby declares that it would Existing act repealed. have passed this act, and each section. Sec. 88. "An act to regulate the build- subsection, sentence, clause and phrase ing and occupanc>- of hotels and lodging thereof, irrespective of the fact that any houses in incorporated towns, incorpor- one or more sections, subsections, sen- ated cities, and cities and counties, and fences, clauses, or phrases be declared to provide penalties for the violation unconstitutional. thereof," approved June 16, 1913, statutes A,.* !- «««-♦ 0--4. .„i, H .^,^<-r of Califomia of 191.3, page i429, and all Act m effect September 1, 1917. ^,,.1^ amending said act, are hereby re- Sec. 87. This act shall take effect and pealed. TEE B. Y. DAVIS ROOFING CO, INC. DE LUXE ROOFS CERTAIN-TEED ROOFS BARRETT SPECIFICATION ROOFS Roof Repairing, Re-surfacing, Repainting. Asphalt Felt, Tarred Felt, Roofing and Building Paper. Barrett's Coal Tar, Creosote Oil, Wood Preservative. Roof, Metal and Waterproof Paints, Shingle Stains, Roofing Cement WHOLESALE and RETAIL 820-22 EAST THIRD STREET Main 4360 Home 60608 Main 656! D. G. BEVIS & CO. CONTRACTOR'S EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY Home 10175 236 MARSH-STRONG BUILDING Main5045 Cement Mixers Paving Joint Haslett Spiral Chutes Hoists Scrapers and Graders Elevators Crushers Gasoline Locomotives Pumping Appliances Steam Shovels Waugh Skylights Cars and Track Car Unloaders Asbestos Steel Asphalt Plants Asbestos Protected Metal Gravity Chute Equipment We buy and sell all kinds of machinery as above. We rent all kinds of machinery as above Home F3942 Mam 33 5 SOLAR AND ELECTRIC BLUE PRINTING SO. CAL. BLUE PRINT & SUPPLY CO. FRED A. WILLIS. Proprietor LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Main Office and Plant: 800 American Bank Building, Northeast Corner Second and Spring Streets Auxiliary Plant: 700 Wesley Roberts Building, Southwest Corner Third and Main Streets. Phone, Main 3 759 162 Main 8069 F7566 Oldest and Largest Builders of Safes and Vaults in the World HERRING - HALL - MARVIN SAFE CO. Is Your Safe Safe? Makers of HALL'S STANDARD SAFES AND VAULTS For Every Purpose SHEALY SAFE CO. Distributors 2 1 2 SOUTH HILL STREET, LOS ANGELES TRESSLER ORNAMENTAL IRON WORKS O. EARL TRESSLER, Proprietor Elevator Cars and Enclosures Fences and Gates Brass and Wire Work Fire Escapes Folding Gates Phones: Home A4761 ; Main 9234 7 I 7 EAST NINTH STREET LOS ANGELES Arthur W. Kennett Phone F2687 CITY ORNAMENTAL IRON WORKS Brass, Bronze and Metal Bank Fixtures and Office Grilles Folding Gates and Wire Work of All Kinds, Metal Furniture, Elevator Cabs and Enclosures, Wire and Iron Fences and Gates Iron Stairs and Fire Escapes 728 SOUTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL. 163 State Hotel and Lodging House Act Index Act, applies to towns, cities and coun- ties 1 by whom administered 2 effective September 1, 1917 87 not modified by ordinance 85 Action or proceedin"' lis pendens 79 Agent, name and address filed where.... 81 Alteration, not to violate act 4 Application, for permit to erect, etc. 7, 8 Approved, definition 10 Areaway, graded, drained, paved 69 Automobile, construction of room to hold 60 repair shop, how constructed 60 Basement, definition 10 height of for sleeping purposes 24 is a story 12 stairway from outside to 42 walls dampproofed and waterproof- ed 24 when may be used for sleeping 24 Bathroom, area of window 29 how waterproofed 35 one for each ten guest rooms 35 prior erected building, number of 36 7 feet 6 inches high 26 where no running water 39 Bed, in dormitory, material of 62 to be clean and sanitary..... 73 linen, changed for new guest 73 Bedding, to be clean and sanitary 73 Boiler room, when flreproofed and how 59 Building, if converted to comply 5 hotel or lodging house 10 when erected in front of hotel 11 Building department, application to con- struct 7 definition 10 jurisdiction of 2 Cellar, definition of 10 not to be constructed or used for sleep- ing 23 starway from outside to 42 to be illuminated and ventilated 23 unlawful to sleep in 65 when to be dampproofed 23 Certificate of final completion 2, 8 Chicken, goose, duck, rabbit, pigeon, for- bidden 75 Closet, exceeding 25 square feet to be 90 square feet 26 forbidden under wooden starway 46 how floor area computed 26 Commission of Immigation and Hous- ing 2 when may enter 9 Construction, controlled by building de- partment 2 Constitutional declaration 86 Corner lot, definition of 10 yard 15 Cornice, may project into court 10 Corridor, from stairway, width of 48 Costs, department not liable for 77 (bounty, governed by this act 1 Court, cornice may project into 10 definition of 10 inner, definition of 10 door or window at bottom 20 . flreproofing of wall _ 58 intake to 22 on lot line, size of 20 size of 20 outer, definition of 10 size of 19 to be graded and drained; paving 69 to be open to sky 10 walls of to be light color 67 Cow, horse, swine, goat, etc., forbid- den 75 Curb level, definition 10 Definitions 10 Department, charged with enforcement 10 may enter hotel when 9 means building department, health de- partment, etc 10 Depth of lot, definition of 10 Dining room, exhaust in lieu of win- dows 27 window area : 30 Door, from garage into house 60 not to be open toward paint or oil store- room 75 to Viathroom 35 to elevator shaft 56 to water-closet _ 33 when screened and how 70 Dormitory, definition of 10 i-onstruction: number persons in 62 in hotel heretofore erected 62 material and arrangement of beds in 62 to conform to section 62 26 water-closet, urinal, wash sink, shower 62 Dressing room, size when exceeds 25 square feet 26 when may not be slept In 65 Elevator shaft, construction of; fire- proof : 56 door, window fireproofed 56 semifireproof, wooden house 56- location of stairway 44 to have skylight or ventilator 56 when doors in self-closing 56 walls to be light colored 67 Excelsior, not to be stored unless 74 Exhaust system, for certain rooms 61 Faucets, of hose bibb type 37 Pine, to be a lien 78 Fire commissioner 10 Fire escape, at least one, when 49 egress to 51 how constructed 49 kinds of 49 metal to be painted or galvanized 49 computing number of 52 not to be removed 4 number of 49 opening through cornice 49 signs indii'ating : 51 size of window opening on 53 strength of ; 53 to be in good order 54 where located 51 used as stairway 50 Fireproof hotel, definition of 10 limit of height 12 number and width of stairways 42 Floor, area, amount of for each person sleeping 6:5 lowest, openings in to be rat- proofed 25e to be ratproofed 25d 164 of lowest story 18 inches above soil, when 25 Foundation walls of concrete, brick or stone 25a openings in to be r&tproofed 25c width and height 25b Front of lot, definition of 10 Furnace, oil not to be fed by gravity.... 59 room, when fireproofed and how 59 Garage, how constructed in hotel 60 Garbage can, installation of 71 Garbage can, installation of 71 chute, permit to Install 71 Guest, definition of 10 Guest room, definition of 10 Hallway, in addition to hotel, height of 63 public, definition of 10 doors in lieu of windows .; 31 offset from. 31 window in; size of 31 heretofore erected, ventilation of.... 64 width of 48 May, not to be stored, unless 74 Health department, definition 10 duty of : 2 Height of hotel, how measured and limit 12 Horse, when forbidden :. 75 Hotel, building, erected in front 11 damaged 51 per cent by fire 5 definition of 10 definition of height of 12 distance between front and rear build- ings 13 fireproof, definition of 10 fireproof, limit of height 12 heretofore erected 4 heretofore erected, height of ceiling in additions 63 water, faucets, etc 38 if moved or altered to comply 5 or lodging house, not to violate act.... 3 not used at effective date hereof 5 permission to construct 7 permit to occupy 8 rear, definition of 10 same as lodging house 10 semifireproof, definition of 10 semifireproof, height limit 12 to be clean and sanitary 72 to be connected with sewer, when 37 to be in good repair 69 transfer of, notice of filed 80 when may be entered 9 wooden, definition of 10 height limit 12 where no running water 39 Housing department, duty of 2 Housekeeper, when required 76 Immigration and Housing Commis- sion 2, 9 Index, names and addresses 82 Inner court, definition of 10 door or window at bottom 20 fireproofing of walls 58 intake to 22 On lot line, size of 20 size of 20 Inspection, when and by whom 9 Intake, to be incombustible inaterials.... 22 to inner court 22 to vent shaft 57 Interior lot, definition of 10 Janitor, when required 76 Junk, not to be stored unless 74 Jurisdiction of court 77 Kitchen, exhaust system in place of windows 27 floor to be ratproofed 65 food not to be prepared except in 65 unlawful to sleep in 65 Landings, width of 48 Lien, fine to be a 78 Light, to burn from sunrise to sunset 66 to burn, sunset to sunrise, 66 Lis pendens, recorded 79 when canceled _ 79 Lodging house, definition of 10 heretofore erected 4 is a hotel 10 permit of occupancy 8 permit to construct 7 Lot, corner, definition of 10 definition of 10 death of, definition 10 front of, definition..., 10 interior, definition of 10 rear, definition of 10 rear of, definition of 10 rear, no hotel to be erected on 11 to be graded and drained 69 Mattress, to be clean and sanitary 73 Minimum requirement, act to be .v 85 Names and addreses indexed 82 Notice, time of service 83 Nuisance, action on 77 definition of 10 not to be maintained 3 unlawful occupancy a 8 Occupanc.v, not to violate act 3 unlawful, procedure on .' 6 Oil, not to be fed by gravity 59 window or floor not to open on store- room 75 Order, proceedings on violation of 83 time of service of 83 Ordinance, in violation of act repealed 85 supplemental to act 85 Outer court, definition of 10 size of 19 Owner, address of filed 80 not to construct contrary to act 3 when may enter house 9 Paint, window or door not to open on storeroom 75 Papering, old paper to be removed 68 Pasageway, graded, drained, paved 69 Penthouse, how constructed 47 in hotels heretofore erected 47 Permit, for construction, how obtained 7 nominal alterations 7 of occupancy 8 by whom issued 2 to be applied for, how 8 8 to be renewed yearly 8 to construct, application sworn to..,. 7 cancellation of 7 to erect, reconstruct, alter, move 7 when expires in ninety days 7 Person, definition of 10 Plaintiff, in action 77 Plans, in duplicate, one on work 7 Plumbing fixtures, not to be obstructed 72 Plumbing, material of 40 not to be enclosed in woodwork 40 to be replaced on order 40 to be trapped and vented 40 Privy, where no running water 39 Property, description of filed 80 Rabbit, chicken, goose, duck, forbidden 75 Rags, not to be stored, unless 74 Ratproofing, generally 25 kitchen and storeroom floor 65 Rear, building, distance from front building 13 hotel, definition of 10 lot. definition of 10 no hotel to be hereafter placed on 11 of lot. definition of 10 yard, depth, how measured 14 minimum size of 15 street-to-street lot 15 liecess, from court, yard or street; open to sky 21 from room not to exceed 25 square feet unless 26 Reception, amusement room, ventila- 165 lion of 27 room, window area 30 Recording notice ^9 Repealing clause °° Roller towel forbidden 73 Roof, to be waterproof and drained 69 Room, added on, height of ceiling 63 amusement, etc., to conform to sec- tion 30 26 dining, exhaust system 2i exhaust system in lieu of window 61 floor area for each sleeping person. .. 65 guest, definition of 10 egress from 41 90 square feet floor area 26 7 feet wide 9 feet high 26 heretofore constructed, window open- ing 64 not to be subdivided by curtain, etc. 26 old paper and calsomine removed 68 reception, etc., exhaust system 27 when used for sleeping 30 walls to be clean 67 when floor to be ratproofed 65 when walls to be light colored 67 which to have windows 27 Sanitation 3 of hotel and lot '^ Scuttle, in hotels heretofore erected 47 over public hallway 47 gJ2P of - - * .-:.• --- ^ i Semiflreprooif hotel, definition of 10 stairways in and width 42 Service of notice or order So Sewer, hotel to be connected with, when ^1^ Shall, is mandatory 10 Shower, how many in dormitory 6:^ Shower-bath, one for each ten guest rooms -- ^^ prior erected building, number of do Side yard, width of 18 Sink, number in a dormitory 62 of wood forbidden 40 woodwork to be removed 40 Skylight, over elevator shaft : 56 over public hallway; size of 31 over stairway ^2 when omitted over stairway 32 Sleeping, floor area for each person 65 Slop-sink, one on each floor; water- proofed 1^ in prior erected building 3b room, area of window 29 Stable, forbidden within 20 feet of wm- dow ]^^ on premises forbidden 75 Stairway -• 41 access to, where placed « carried to roof when 47 depth of landing, width of treads 45 direct ground floor to top story 55 no closet under wooden 46 not to be removed 4 not to end in boiler room 44 number of, how computed 43 number, width 42 one side only of elevator shaft 44 outside, to basement, cellar 4^ over steam boiler, gas furnace, when 44 penthouse over 47 rise of; run of; head room 45 scuttle over, when 47 skylight over ^^ under side, sofflts, outside strmgers, fireproofed 45 width, how measured 45 width of hallway, landing, corridor.... 48 with stairwell 32 when fire escape counted as 50 when two handrails 45 Standpipe, size of inlet and outlet 55 when, how many, size 55 Statutes, inconsistent herewith repealed 85 Street, definition of 10 measurement of width , l^ Storage, articles forbidden <* Summons, how served S* Title of act Title to property, notice of change filed 80 Towel, public, is forbidden 'j- Turkish bath, definition of 10 when windows dispensed with ^7 Urinal, at least one to a dormitory b^ Vent shaft, door or window at bot- tom ■ ■ ^^' °' door and windows fireproofed ot fireprooflng walls ^7 graed, drained, paved o» minimum size of ^' pipes may be placed in o' size of intake; fireproof ducts ^' walls to be light color... ...^ *>' water-closet, shower, bath, toilet or slop sink room window may open on -■ " CI Ventilation, exhaust system of bi Ventilator, over elevator shaft 5b Violation a misdemeanor •- » procedure on — -- ", tt Wash trays of wood forbidden.. 40 Water, hotel heretofore erected ^» plumbing fixtures to have a7 Water-closet, area of window ^» exhaust system in lieu of window bl in dormitory ■-■ "^ materials of walls and floor d^ not to be used for sleeping in b5 not to open on kitchen or storeroom u3 one for each twenty employees Si prior erected hotel or lodging house 34 36 inches wide, 7 feet 6 inches high 26 to have full door, lock and bolt ^^ two on each hallway 3^ where no running water ^» window may open on vent shaft... .... j< wooden seats varnished or enameled 40 woodwork painted light color 4U wodwork to be removed 40 Window, area of -: --. ^^ area for amusement, reception, dm- ing room .- ^0 area of, for slop-sink room ^^ area for water-closet ^^ for bathroom, area of -^ •■• ■ j^ exhaust system in place of 'it, bi in elevator shaft »° in public hallway; size of -■ --■ ^^ in sleeping room heretofore erected b4 no to open to paint or oil storeroom 7o on what to open. ■• ^n opening from garage to house bO opening on fire escape °i to open in all parts ^' to water-closet, bath, toilet or slop sink room may open on vent snatt.... £i what rooms must have ^' when may open through porches ^i when screened and how - such pipe shall extend up to the ground level, and shall be capped with a water-tight screwed cap. Sec. 13. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to fill or to cause or permit to be filled, in whole or in part, any such storage tank with gas- oline, except from a tank wagon, or to fill, or to cause or permit to be filled, in whole or in part, any such storage tank at any time except between the hours of sunrise and sunset. Sec. 14. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to permit any gasoline tank or drum, whether the same is filled, in whole or in part, or empty, to be in, upon or about any public garage or automobile filling sianon. Sec. 15. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to carry or convey, or to cause or permit to be car- ried or conveyed, any gasoline in or about any public garage or automobile filling station, in an open can or in any can of any description unless such can shall be of an approved, non-explosive type and the design of type thereof, shall have been first approved by the Board of Fire Commissioners. The tank or reservoir of an automobile may be filled from a port- able filling tank or buggy constructed and approved as provided in this ordinance; provided, however, that such portable fill- ink tank or buggy shall be kept at all times within ten feet of the entrance of the garage or automobile filling station in which the same is used. Sec. 16. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to permit any gasoline to remain in any open can or open receptacle of any kind in, upon or about any public garage or automobile filling station. It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke, or for any person, firm or cor- loration to permit any smoking, inside of any building used as a public garage or automobile filling station. A notica containing the words "no smoking," in large, plain letters, shall be displayed in conspicuous places in and about every such public garage and at all entrances thereto. It shall be unlawful for any per- son, firm or corporation to use, or to cause or permit to be used, any sawdust for the absorption of oil in or about any public garage or automobile filling station, or to permit any waste, rags or ruljbish of any kind to remain in or about any such garage or automobile filling station or any repair shop, connected with any such garage, except in a metal receptacle, fitted with a close fitting metal cover, and such receptacle shall be moved outside of the building at the close of each day, or to put into or take out of. or to cause or permit to be put into or taken out of, any automobile any gasoline in any room of any public garage or automobile filling station in which there is an open light, or to fill, or to cause or permit to be filled, any lamp or any automobile while the light in such lamps is burning, or to use or to cause or permit to be used, any ar- tificial light of anv kind other than elec- tricity in any such public garage or auto- mobile filling station, or to cause or per- mit to be used any electric lamp in any room in which gasoline is used or kept unless the socket of such lamp is enclosed in a tight fitting, vapor-proof globe, or to use, or to cause or permit to be used, any stove, torch, forge or other furnace flame or fire, in any such public garage or automobile filling station, except in the office, the retiring room and the repair shop connected with such garage or auto- mobile filling station, or to permit any 178 electric motor, not actually a part of an automobile, to be located or to remain withm four feet of the floor of any such garage or automobile filling station, or to permit any oil, gasoline or other inflam- mable material of any kind whatsoever to be storecj. or kept in any locker in or about any such garage or automobile fill- ing station, or to maintain or use, or to permit to be used, any locker in any such garage or automobile filling station if such locker is so constructed as not to permit of ready inspection thereof. Sec. 17. It shall be the duty of the Fire Marshal to see that the provisions of this ordinance are complied with, and for that purpose he is hereby authorized and empowered to enter any building used as a public or private garage or automobile filling station and all parts of any such garage or automobile filling station during business hours. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to fail, refuse or neglect to permit the Fire Marshal or any of his deputies to enter and examine any build- ing used as a public or private garage or automobile filling station, or any part of any such garage or automobile filling sta- tion during business hours, or to inter- fere in any manner with the said Fire Marshal or any of his deputies in the per- formance of their duties. Sec. 18, It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use or cause or permit to be used in any public or pri- vate garage, any gasoline or distillate under pressure for the purpose of cleaning any automobile or any part or parts of any automobile. Sec. 19. That Ordinance No. 18,601 (New Series), entitled "An Ordinance regulating the construction and mainten- ance of public and private automobile garages," approved August 11, 1909, and all ordinances amendatory thereto or thereof, and all other ordinances in con- flict with this ordinance, be and the same are hereby repealed. Sec. 20. That any person, firm or cor- poration violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine of not less than five ($5) dollars, nor more than five hundred ($500) dollars, or by imprisonment in the city jail for a period of not more than six (6) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Each such person, firm or corporation shall be deemed guilty of a separat« of- fense for every day during any portion of which any violation of any provision of this ordinance is committed, continued or permitted by such person, firm or cor- poration, and shall be punishable there- for as provided in this ordinance. Sec. 21. That the establishing, c-unauct or maintenance of garages or auiumoDne filling stations and the storage of gasoline therein in a manner contrary to the pro- visions of this ordinance is a menace to the safety of the citizens of the City of Los Angeles, and therefore this ordinance is urgently required for the immediate preservation of the Public Peace, Health and Safety, and the City Clerk shall cer- tify to its passage by a unanimous vote, and cause the same to be published once in The Los Angeles Daily Journal and thereupon and thereafter it shall take ef- fect and be in force. I hereby certify that the foregoing or- dinance was passed by the Council of the City of Los Angeles by the unani- mous vote of all the members of said Council present, there being not less than seven members present, at its meeting on December 11, 1913. CH AS. T,. WILDE, City Clerk. Approved this 11th daj' of December, 1913. H. H. ROSE, Mayor. Storage of Picture Films Ordinance No. 31, 268 (New Series) An Ordinance regulating the use, repair and storage of motion picture films. The Mayor and Council of the City of Los Angeles do ordain as follows: Sec. 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to keep or store more than 6000 feet of motion pic- ture film in any building or place, un- less such person, firm or corporation shall have first obtained a permit in writing therefor from the Board of Fire Commis- sioners of the City of Los Angeles. Be- fore any such permit is granted such per- son, firm or corporation shall file a writ- ten application therefor, setting forth the name, residence and location of the appli- cant. If an individual, and if a corpora- tion its name, principal place of business and the names and residences of its offi- cers. Each such application shall set forth the location at which it is desired or intended to keep or store such motion picture films. Upon receipt of any such application said Board of Fire Commis- sioners shall make an investigation for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the building or place at which it is desired or intended to keep, store or use motion picture films, is so situated that the keeping, storing or using of motion picture films therein would not be dan- gerous; and also whether the conditions under which said motion picture films are kept or stored, or are to be kept or stored, comply with the provisions of this ordi- nance. Sec. 2. For the purpose of this ordi- nance the term "reel" is defined to be approximately 1000 feet of motion picture film. Sec. 3. Said Board of Fire Commission- ers shall inspect, or cause to be inspected, at least once in every two months all buildings or places where motion picture films are kept or stored, or are to be kept or stored, with a view to determining whether or not the provisions of the or- dinances of the City of Los Angeles relat- ing to the storage and use of motion pic- ture films are being complied with. The Board of Fire Commissioners shall have power to revoke or suspend any per- mit granted under the terms of this ordi- nance, for violation of any of the pro- visions of this ordinance. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation possessing any motion picture films within the City of Los Angeles to keep or store the same in any other manner than as provided in this ordinance, or to fail, neglect or re- fuse to comply with the following pro- visions: (a) All films not in use shall be stored in fireproof vaults or .safes, such vaults or safes to be constructed in accordance with the specifications herein set forth: 179 (b) Films kept outside of vaults shall be stored in metal cabinets or boxes, con- structed of galvanized iron or steel with metal partitions and shelves. Each such compartment shall not exceed a capacity of ten reels of film, and each such com- partment shall have tight, self-closing metal doors of iron or steel. No solder shall be used in the construction of such metal cabinets or boxes. (c) Not exceeding 100 reels of film in the aggregate, shall be permitted to be kept or stored in metal cabinets in any shipping or receiving room. (d) Not exceeding 20 reels of films shall be permitted to be exposed while the same are being inspected or examined by any employe, purchaser or other per- son. (e) Door of vaults or safes shall only be left open for the time required to place films in or remove films from said vauiis or safes. Sec. 5. (a) In buildings or structures other than buildings or structures of Class A construction as defined by the building ordinances of the City of Los Angeles, vaults or safes for the storage of motion picture films shall have self- supporting brick walls not less than 12 inches in thickness laid in cement mortar and extending from the ground. The top and bottom of the vault shall be water proof and made of brick or concrete arches of the same thickness as the walls. The inte"'or of anv such vault shall not exceed 750 cubic feet in size. The vault open.ng shall be protected on the outer side of the wall with an iron door, such door shall be constructed of angle iron, covered with sheet iron, or constructed of steel of a thickness of at least 3-16 inches, securely riveted to such angle Iron, and such door must be made fire- proof by closing against a rabbet at top, bottom and sides, and the door frame shall be of equivalent iron or steel con- struction. There shall be an inner door constructed in a similar manner as the outer door, which shall be covered with metal having a thickness of at least No. 14 U. S. Gauge. Any shelving, racks or receptacles, and all interior construction of anv such vault shall be of non-com- bustible materials. No lights other than stationary, incandescent electric lamps in vapor-proof globes shall be placed inside and such vault, and the switch controlling; such lights shall be outside of the vavilt and prov'ded with pilot lights, or indi- cators. The wiring for such lights shall be installed in a conduit. No artificial heat shall be permitted in such vaults, excepting the v^eat of the electric lamps herein mentioned. (b) In buildings of Class A construc- tion, as defined by the building ordinances of the City of Los Angeles, vaults may be carried on the structure from floor to floor. Every such vault shall be of brick or concrete not less than eight inches in thickness, or of hollow tile not less than 12 inches in thickness, laid in cement motar. The top and bottom of everj such vault shall be water proof and made of brick, tile or concrete, and not less than 8 inches in thickness. In all other respects vaults in Class A buildings shall comply with the specifications of the pre- ceding paragraph for the construction of vaults in build'ngs or structures other than buildings of Class A construction. Sec. 6. Safes for the storage of motion picture films shall not have a capacity exceeding 150 cubic feet inside area and shall be equivalent in construction and fireproofing qualities to the following pro- visions: Every such safe shall have an angle iron frame contiguous at all edges. The angle iron used shall be at least "4 inch by 2 inches for the smallest safe and be increased proportionately for larger safes, and on safes of a larger size than 40 inches in height, 30 inches in widtn ana oO inches in depth, an additional silten- ing of heavy steel at least 14 inch in thickness and of a width proportioned to size, but not less than 2 inches in width, shall be used at the top, bottom, and sides. Sheet steel vaults shall not be constructed of less than No. 12 U. S. Gauge for the outer shell and not less than No. 14 U. S. Gauge for the inner shell. The distance between such shells shall be not less than ZYo inches and such space shall be filled with cement concrete; except that the doors may have 4 inches of concrete and a 2-inch sealed air space. Such air space may be used for the locks and bolts. The doors shall have steoped sides so as to be smoke proof. No cast iron shall be used in the construction of any such safe, with the exception of such parts as castors, hinges and flanged door frames. Sec. 7. Every such vault or safe shall he ventilated to the outside air by an opening having a sectional area of at least 50 square inches: provided, however, that if the size of the vault or safe is less than 150 cubic feet inside measure- ment, the vent may have a sectional area of 12 square inches. The vent pipe shall be of metal not less than No. 18 U. S. Gauge in thickness, shall not subject ad- .loining property to a fire hazard and shall be shielded from the weather and provid- ed with a wire screen of not less than % inch mesh. All motors used for forced ventilation of vaults or safes shall be placed outside of the vaults or safes, and all such motors shall be distant not less than 12 inches from said vaults or safes. Sec. 8. (a) Examination and repairing of films shall be done only in a room hav- ing outside ventilation and separated from the balance of the building by tight partitions of non-combustible materials, with doors at openings. The partit'ons and doors shall contain no glass other than wired glass. Such room shall not be used for storage or handling of com- bustible materials other than films, except as otherwise provided in this ordinance. (1)) Reels containing films shall be stored in individual tin cans or boxes of galvanized iron. The open ends of such cans or metal boxes shall be covered witn tight fitting covers when the films be- longing in such cans or boxes are not under examination or being repaired. (c) There shall not be kept at any one time more ttiMn one quart of any compound or collidion or amyl acetate, or similar inflammable compouiid or chemi- cal, in such examination or repair room. (d) Lighting in the examination or re- pair room shall be restricted to incandes- cent electric lamps, and all wiring for light or power shall be installed in con- duit. Swilclies with bare te'-minals shall only be used when enclosed in metal lioxes with self closing doors. Shades used over globes shall be of non-com- bustible material. All electric motors used ill the examination or repair room for the purpose of examining or repairing 180 films, and all resistance devices used in C'onnection with such motors shall be en- closed in galvanized iron wire cag;es of No. 18 U. S. Gauge 3-8 inch mesh. (e) Bach examination and repair room shall be heated only by hot air, hot wa- ter or steam, and a metal shield or screen shall be provided to prevent the films from coming in contact with radiators or heated pipes.. No hot air floor registers shall be used. (f) All tables used for examination or repairing of films shall be of metal, and the tops of the tables shall be covered with galvanized iron. Sec. 9. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation having the custody or control of a room or place where motion picture films are stored or kept to allow smoking in any such room or place: said person, firm or corpora- tion shall display, or cause to be dis- played, in said room or place post signs with the words "no smoking" printed thereon. Sec. 10. That any person, firm or cor- poration violating any of the provisions of this orinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine of not less than $5. On nor more than .$100.00, or by imprisonment in the City Jail for a period of not less than 5 days nor more than 30 days for each such offense, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Each person, firm or corporation shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense for every day during any portion of which any violation of any provision of this or- dinance is committed, continued or permit- ted by such person, firm or corporation, and shall be punishable therefor as pro- vided by this ordinance. Sec. 11. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance and cause the same to be published once in The Los Angeles Daily Journal. I hereby certify that the foregoing or- dinance was introduced at the meeting; of the Council of the City of Los Angeles of November 6, 1914, and was passed at its meeting of November 21, 1914. CHAS. L. WILDE, City Clerk. By D. M. Carroll, Deputy. Approved this 21st day of November, 1914; H. H. ROSE, Mayor. Roof Signs, Bulletins, Etc. Ordinance No. 26,595 (New Series) As Amended by Ordinances Nos. 27,316, 28,638, 30,398 and 32,556 An Ordinance regulating signs and bul- letin boards. The Mayor and Council of the City of Los Angeles do ordain as follows: Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, suspended, attached or maintained, any sign, sign- board or sign device of any kind or char- after upon any portion of any fire escape or upon or to any standpipe. Sec. 8. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, suspend- ed, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device of any kind or character upon or in front of or on a level with the first story, or any part thereof, of any building, except in such manner that such sign will not project more than twelve inches into any street from any property line nor more than twelve inches from the face of the building in front of which such sign, signboard or sign device is maintained. Sec. 3. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, suspended, attached or maintained, any sign, sign- board or sign device of any kind or char- acter upon or in front of or on a level with the first story, or any part thereof, of any building, except in such manne»- that such sign shall not extend across a^ in front of any window unless it be at a height of not less than ten feet above the street. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, sus- pended, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device of any kind or character horizontally upon or in front of any building above the first story thereof, except in such manner that such sign shall not extend below the lintel nor above the sill of any window in such building. Sec. 5. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed sus- pended, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device of any kind or character, upon or in front of any build- ing over twelve feet from the sidewalk, except in such manner that such sign shall not project more than thirty inches into any street from any property line nor more than thirty inches from the face of the building in front of which such sign, signboard or sign device is main- tained. Sec. 6. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, sus- pended, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device of any kind or character upon the face of any building, or upon the fire wall thereof, or upon the face of any fire wall, that shall ex- tend above the fire wall: provided, how- ever, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any sign, signboard or sign device constructed upon a fire wall ]>rior to the adoption of this ordinance. Sec. 7. It shall be unlawful for any l)erson, firm or corporation to erect, place suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, sus- pended, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device of any kind or character upon any penthouse or other structure situated upon the roof of any building, except that any such sign, sign- board or sign device may be erected, placed, suspended, attached or maintained upon any such penthouse or other struc- ture situated upon the roof of any build- ing of Class "A" construction. Everv such sign, signboard or sign device erect- ed, placed, suspended, attached or main- tained upon any such penthouse or other structure situated upon the roof of any building of Class "A" construction shall not exceed IR feet in height above the 181 roof of such penthouse or other roof structure and shall not exceed in width, the width of the roof of such penthouse or other roof structure upon which such sign, signboard or sisn device is erected, placed, suspended, attached or main- tained; provided, however, that the pro- visions of this section shall not apply to any sign, signboard or sign device con- structed upon a penthouse or other struc- ture situated upon the roof of any build- ing prior to the a' to a high voltage wire whereby damage or iniur>' might be sustained by reason of such sign, signl>oard or sign device falling upon any such wire; pro- vided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any sign, sign- l)oard or sign device constructed upon or above the roof of any building prior to the adoption of this ordinance. Sec. 10. It shall lie imlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, suspend- ed, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device upon or above the roof of any building without first ob- taining a permit in writing so to do from the Board of Public Works and payment of the fees as fixed by the Building Ordi- nances of said cit>'. Provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any sign, signboard or sign device construct- ed upon or above the roof of any building l)rior to the adoption of this ordinance. Sec. 11. It shall be unlawful for any ])erson, firm or corporation to advertise or displa>', or to cause or permit to be advertised or displayed, any immoral or unlawful act, business or purpose, in o! upon any sign, signboard or sign device. Sec. 12. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use, or to cause or permit to be used in the opera- tion of an electric sign, signboard or sign device, any wire unless the insulation uijon every such wire conforms to the re- (piirements of the ordinances of said city in relation thereto. Sec. 13. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or t'orporatioii to use, or to cause or permit to lie used for the pur- pose of sustaining or connecting any such electric sign, signboard or sign device up- on or above the roof of any building, any material, unless such material be fire- proof. Sec. 14. Every sign constructed, erect- ed and nuiintained imder any permit gi-anted pursuant to the provisions of this ordinance shall be built of the best ma- terials and conslT'ucted in a workmanlike manner, and shall be located, constructed and maintained to the satisfaction of the Hoard of Pul)lic Works, and shall at all limes lie kept in i-epair b\- the person, firm or corporation owning, operating or having the care, cuslod\' or control of any such sign, and all such repairs shall be made subject to the inspection and ap- proval of the Board of Public "V^'orks and the Engineer of the Fire Department. Sec. 15. The Board of Public Works shall in the event of a violation or a fail- lu'e to comply with any of the provisions of this ordinance or any order of said 182 Board in relation thereto, have the power to revolce the permit granted hereunder and to order any such sign maintained in violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance to be taken down and removed within thirty days from the revocation of said permit. Sec. 16. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, sus- pended, attached or maintained, any sign, signboard or sign device of any kind or character upon any portion of any can- vas awning or metal canopy extending over any portion of any public street, sidewalk, alley or other public place; pro- vided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not be construed to prohibit the painting of a sign directly upon the vertical hanging border of any canvas awning that is constructed and maintained in the manner provided by the ordinances of the City of I^os Angeles; and provided, further, that the provisions of this section shall not he construed to prohibit fi^e painting or outlining of a sign directly upon the vertical hanging border of any metal canopy that i» con- structed and maintained in the manner provided by the ordinances of the City of Los Angeles. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to place or maintain, or to cause or permit to be placed or main- tained, any light for the illumination of any such sign painted upon the vertical hanging border of a canvas awning or upon the vertical hanging border of a metal canopy, except such lights as are maintained for the illumination of the sidewalk beneath such canvas awning or metal canopy. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to construct or maintain, or to cause or permit to be constructed or maintained, any box, covering or en- closu'-e of an^^ kind for t'le purpose of covering or enclosing any light placed or maintained under or about any such can- vas awning or metal canopy, or to con- struct or maintain, or to cause or permit to be constructed or maintained, any re- flector or anv other appliance that will reflect any light upon or through any por- tion of any such canvas awning or metal canopv. or upon or through any sign pa'nted or outlined thereupon. Sec. 17. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place, suspend, attach or maintain or to cause or permit to be erected, placed, suspend- ed, attached or maintained, any sign signboard or sign device of any kind or character in such a manner that the same shall project more than six inches into anv street from any property line or more than six inches from the face of the build- ing in front of which such sign, sign- board or sign device is maintained, if the lowest portion of such sign, signboard or sign device is nearer than seven feet from the surface of the street or sidewalk over which the same projects. Sec. 18. A sign, signboard or sign de- vice shall be deemed to be erected, placed, suspended, atached and maintained upon a building, within the meaning of this ordinance, if such sign, signboard or sign device is attached or fastened directly to such building, or if the same is attached or fastened to any appliance or appuratus of anv kind t^iat is attached or fastened to such building. Sec. 19. That nothing in this ordi- nance contained shall be construed to prohibit any of the following: First: The publisher or proprietor of any daily newspaper in the City of Los Angeles, from erecting, placing or main- taining upon the sidewalk in front of the office of such newspaper, as near to the curb as possible, and not less than ten feet from the line of an intersecting street, not more than two newspaper bul- letin boards, not exceeding seven feet in height, to be used exclusively for post- ing copies of the issues of such news- papers thereon. Second: The erecting, placing or maintaining of any street clock which has a dial not less than thirty inches nor more than forty inclies in diameter, and which is supported upon a well painted iron post of ornamental design, not less than fifteen nor more than twenty feet in height, nor more than twenty inches in diameter, set in the sidewalk of any public street, within two feet from the outer edge of the curb thereof, and not less than twenty feet from the curb of any intersecting street; or such clock may be suspended from or supported by the corner of a building at the intersec- tion of streets at a height not less than fifteen nor more than twenty feet in the clear above the streets or sidewalks in a manner which will not obstruct traffic, if securely fastened or suspended by a con- struction sufficient in strength to sustain four times its weight. The structure or device in which such clock so suspended or supported is contained shall not ex- ceed in height one-tenth the height of the building to which it is fastened, nor a height of twelve feet; nor shall it pro- ject fr-om the face of said building in any direction more than half its height, nor mo'^e than five feet. Third: The Board of Library Directors of the City of Los Angeles from erecting, placing or maintaining upon the sidewalk in front of any branch library in the city, as near the curb as possible, and not le^jc! f-i^n ten feet from the line of an in- tersecting street, not more than one metal sign containing the words "Public Li- brary." Each such sign shall be sup- )5orted by a cast iron post not exceeding seven feet in height. Fourth: The owner, lessee, manager or proprietor of anv theater froin erecting, placing or maintaining upon the sidewalk in front of such theater, and as near the curb as possible, and not less than ten feet from the line of an intersectmg street, not more than two theater bulletin boards, not exceeding seven feet in height, to be used exclusivelv for an- nouncing or advertising anv performance to take place in such f^eiter. Every such bulletin board shall be so construct- ed as not to obstruct or interfere wiin ine''e«s to or egress from such theater. Fifth: The suspension and maintenance of a cloth or canvas sign or banner over and across any public street, in the City of Los Angeles, announcing or advertising anv National or State Convention, pro- vided a permit therefor is first obtained from the Board of Public "W'o'-ks of said City. No such permit shall be granted for a longer period than one week; pro- vided, however, the said Poard of Public Works may at the expiration of anv such permit, grant an extension or renewal ther-eof. For the purpose of this section a thea- 183 ter is defined to be a room, hall or audi- torium where plays, operas, spectacles or similar forms of entertainment are given and during the presentation of which movable scenery is used. Provided, however, that it shall be un- lawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, place or maintain, or to cause or permit to be erected, placed or main- tained, any such newspaper bulletin board, or any such theater bulletin board, or any such clock, or to hang, suspend or place, or to cause or permit to be hung, suspended or placed, any such cloth or canvas sign or banner, without lirst obtaining a permit in writing so to do from the Board of Public Works. Sec. 20. For the purpose of this ordi- nance, the term "face of the building" shall be construed to mean the general outer surface of the main wall of the building facing the street, except that in the case of bay windows projecting be- yond such wall, the outer surface of such window shall be considered the face of the building at that point; the term "Street" shall be construed to mean any public street, sidewalk, alley or other public place in the City of Los Angeles: and the term "sign," signboard" and "sign device" shall include the frame to which such sign, signboard or sign device is attached. Sec. 21. That any person, firm or cor- poration violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be punishable by a fine of not less than five ($5) dollars, nor more than one hundred (|100), or by imprison- ment in the City Jail for a period of not more than fifty (50) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Each such person, firm or corporation shall be deemed guilty of a separate of- fense for every day during any portion of which any violation of any provision of this ordinance is committed, continued or permitted by such person, firm or cor- poration, and shall be punishable there- for as provided by this ordinance. Sec. 22. That Ordinance No. 20,540 (New Series), entitled "An Ordinance regulating the erection and maintenance of signs and bulletin boards in the City of Los Angeles," approved July 2, 1910, and all ordinances amendatory thereto or thereof, and all other ordinances in con- flict with this ordinance, be and the same are hereby repealed: provided that any such repeal shall not effect or prevent the prosecution and punishment of any person, firm or corporation for any act done or permitted in violation of any or- dinance which may be repealed by this ordinance, and shall not affect any prose- cution or action which may be pending in any court for the violation of any ordi- nance repealed by this ordinance. Sec. 23. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance and cause the same to be published once in The Los Angeles Daily .Tournal. T hereby certify that the foregoing or- dinance was introduced at the meeting of the Council of the City of Los Angeles of November 26. 1912, and was passed at its meeting of December 31, 1912. LORIN A. HANDLKT, City Clerk. By D. M. Carroll, Deputy. Approved this 3rd day of January, 1913. GEO. ALEXANDER, Mayor. Swinging Stages Ordinance No. 26,431 (New .Series) An oi-dinance regulating the construc- tion of swinging stages used in the erec- tion of or work performed upon build- ings. The Mayor and Council of the City of I>os Angeles do ordain as follows: Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation engaged in the construction or erection of any build- ing or other structure in the City of Los Angeles, of two stories or more in height, or in performing or causing to be per- formed any work or labor upon any build- ing or other structure in said city, of two stories or more in height to use, in the construction or erection of any such building or other structure upon or above the second story thei'eof, or in the per- formance of any woi-k or labor upon any such building or other structure upon or above the second story thereof, any swinging stage, unless such swing stage conforms to the requirements of the pro- visions of this ordinance. SWINGING STAGE Every swinging stage used upon or above the second story of any building or other structure for any of the purposes described in this ordinance shall conform to the following specifications: The platform of every such swinging stage shall be not less than two feet wide, and shall extend the entire length of said swinging stage; said swinging stage shall be equipped with a wooden guard rail, two by three inches in diameter, or of some material of equal dimensions and strength, which has extend the entire length of said swinging stage. Said guard rail shall be constructed and main- tained at all points not less than three feet in height above the level of said plat- form. Said swinging stage shall be equipped with two stirrups constructed of iron or steel, not less than three-quar- ters of an inch in diameter, which shall be constructed to support and securely fasten said guard rail. Said swinging stage shall be equipped with two fenders constructed of wood of not less than two by four inches in diameter, or of some material of equal dimensions and strength, and of sufficient length to support said platform. Every swinging stage shall be equipped with block and tackle of the best material obtainable. All rope used in the opera- tion of every such swinging stage for a distance of fifty feet or more shall be not less than three-fourth inch in diameter. K)very hook used in the operation of such swinging stage shall lie constructed of iron or steel. Every such swinging stage shall be constructed and maintained to bear four times the maximum weight to be dependent therefrom and placed there- on. Sec. 2. That any person, firm or cor- poration violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500), or 1)y imprisonment in the city jail for a jieriod of not more than six (6) months, or Ijy both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 3. The City Clerk shall certify to 184 the passag'e of this ordinance and cauae the same to be published once in The Los Angeles Daily Journal. I hereby certify that the foregoing or- dinance was introduced at the meeting of the Council of the City of Los Angeles of November 12, 1912, and was passed at its meeting of November 26, 1912. LORIN A. HANDLEY, City Clerk. Approved this 27th day of November, 1912. GEO. ALEXANDER, Mayor. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS American Cement Products Co 185 Baker Iron Works 86 Bean, J. H. & Son 174 Berger Mfg. Co., The 98 Bevis, D. G. & Co 161 Blinn, The L. W. Lumber Co 2 Bohnhoff, C. W Inside front cover Bradley-Wise Paint Co 186 Brombacher Iron Works 56 Buttonlath Mfg. Co 97 Buttress & McClellan 4 City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Collins & Webb, Inc 140 Consumers Rock & Gravel Co 85 Crawford, A. J 63 Davis, B. Y. Roofing Co ...161 Duncan, J. C 97 Dwan, J. E 86 Electric Corporation, The. 89 First National Bank 6 Fisher Mfg. Co 55 Franklin & Boyce 55 Fulton Engine Works Back inside cov Golden State Portland Cement Co. 43 Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Hammond Lumber Co. 136 Harron, Rickard & McCone 4 Henry Decorative Marble Co 18 Hepburn Mill Co..... 172 Herringbone Metal Lath Co 97 Herzog Sash «S; Door Co 166 Hipolito Screen & Sash Co 186 Hoover, W. E 32 Hoyt Heater Co 55 Johnson Oil Burner Co 59 Johnson-Wilcox Hardwood Lumber Co 32 Jones, James Co 81 Kellastone Mfg. Co 85 Kress House Moving Co 8 Listenwalter & Gough 110 Llewellyn Iron Works 86 Los Angeles Brick Co 14 Los Angeles "Cement Gun" Co .— 18 Los Anceles Desk Co. (See Buyer's Guide) Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Los Angeles Trailer Co 8 Lyon-McKinney-Smith Co 20 Mahana Co., Geo. T 8 Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 McArthur, William 88 Murray & Ready 10 Narver, David C, Co 12 National Cornice Works 114 National Hardwood Co 12 Newbery Electric Co., F. E 17 O'Connor, J. J Otis Elevator Co. 98 39 Pacific Coast Ornamental Iron Wks. 87 Pacific Hardware Mfg. Co 4 Pacific Sanitary Mfg. Co 27 Pedgrift Bros. & Liebold 32 Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 Pioneer Paper Co 166 Potts, Fred E 174 Price, Corcoran, Pfister Co 83 Riverside Portland Cement Co. Rotary Mfg. Co Russell-Greene-Foell Co 20 99 85 St. Louis Fire Brick & Clay Co 110 San Pedro Lumber Co 100 Schumacher Wall Board Co 135 Security Trust & Savings Bank 14 Shealy Safe Co 162 Simons Brick Co 45 Smith, Emery Co 83 So. Cal. Blue Print & Supply Co 161 So. Cal. Hardwood & Mfg. Co 8 So. Cal. Iron & Steel Co 61 So. Cal. Rock & Gravel Co 14 Southwestern Portland Cement Co. Inside front cover Summit Lime Co 43 Sweetser & Baldwin Safe Co 166 Tay-Mac Co 17 Thompson, Alfred H 140 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works.. ..162 Union Lime Co Back cover United Cornice Works 18 United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles (See Buyers' Guide) Washington Iron Works Back inside cover Waymon, E. W 32 Westberg, Ed 114 Western Blind & Screen Co 185 Whitine-Mead Commercial Co 110 E. K. Wood Lumber Co Back cover 185 VfNETIAN BLINDS For Schools, Offices, Banks, Residences, Sleeping Porches, Verandas, Etc. They convert direct sun-light into refletced or inverted light. Exclude glare and heat. Aid ventilation and preserve eye- sight, health and comfort. WESTEKN BI.INI> AND SCREEX CO. South 3643 2700 Long Beach Ave. Home 23609 Phone Home 28437 Sunset South 2 796 THE POST OF DUTY Made in Different Sizes, Designs and Colors. They never rust, rot or wear. Neither do they require painting or repairs. We also manufacture Concrete Irrigation and Sewer Pipe AMERICAN CEMENT PRODUCTS CO CONCRETE FOR PERMANENCE 3248 Long Beach Ave. 186 E. J. STANTON & SON Deal ers in HARDWOOD LUMBER, VENEERS AND FLOORING CALIFORNIA SUGAR AND WHITE PINE WHITE CEDAR AND SPRUCE Largest and Most Complete Dry Stock on the Coast FLOORING — Oak, Maple, Birch, Beech HARDWOODS for Interior Finish, Cabinet Woods, Wagon and Auto Materials, Fancy Veneers Yards and Offices: Thirty-eighth and Alameda Phones: South 1062; Home 60356 GET OUR PRICES ON CARLOAD LOTS HIPOLITO EVEN TENSION SCREENS HIPOUTO REVERSIBLE WINDOWS ROLL SCREENS OF ALL KINDS Specified when good materials and workmanship are valued HIPOLITO SCREEN & SASH CO Home 20436— South 47 Twenty-first and Alameda Sts. Los Angeles, Cal. BRADLEY'S HIGH GRADE LIQUID PAINT THE PAINT WITH MERIT Enamels, Enamel Undercoating Coatings Kon Krete Kote, a Cement Finish Brushes and Painters' Supplies 187 BUYERS' GUIDE Being a classineJ list or advertisers herein Art Goods (Metal) Pacific Hardware Mfg. Co 4 Artificial Stone Tay-Mac Company 17 Asbestos Protected Metal D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Asbestos Steel D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Asphalt Plants D. G. Bevis .6; Co 161 Asphaltum Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Bank Equipment Sweetser & Baldwin Safe Co 166 Bank Fixtures Brombacher Iron Works 56 Pacific Sanitary Mfg. Co 27 Bath Tubs Washington Iron Works Back inside cover Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Blinds — Venetian Western Blind & Screen Co 185 Blue Prints Southern California Blue Print & Supply Co 161 Boilers — Steam Baker Iron Works 86 Buttress & McClellan 4 Fulton Engine Works Back inside cover Llewellyn Iron Works 86 Bolts, Nuts Southern California Iron & Steel Co. 61 Brass Work James Jones Co 81 Brass Fittings & Specialties James Jones Co 81 Brick Los Angeles Brick Co 14 Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Simons Brick Co 45 Brick — Common Simons Brick Co 45 Brick — Enameled Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Brick — Pressed Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Simons Brick Co 45 Brick Sand Consumers Rock «S: Gravel Co 85 Bronze & Iron Castings Fulton Engine Works Back inside cover Bronze Ornamental Castings James Jones Co 81 Builders Hardware Pacific Hardware Co 4 Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Building Paper Pioneer Paper Co 166 Whiting-Mead Commercial Co .110 Buttonlath Buttonlath Mfg. Co 97 Union Lime Co Back cover Cable Excavating Machinery Fulton Engine Works Back inside cover Cabinet Work Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Cars & Tracks D. G. Bevis & Co.. 161 Car Unloaders D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Ceilings — Metal National Cornice Works 114 Ceilings — Steel Berger Mfg. Co. 98 Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Cement Golden State Portland Cement Co. (Bear Brand Portland Cement).... 43 Hammond Lumber Co 136 Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 Riverside Portland Cement Co 20 Southwestern Portland Cement Co. Inside front cover Union Lime Co Back cover "Cement Gun" Construction L. A. Cement Gun Construction Co. 18 Cement Mixers D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Certain-teed Roofs The B. Y. Davis Roofing Co 161 Chemists Smith, Emery Co 83 Concrete American Cement Products Co 186 Concrete Carts Harron, Rickard & McCone 4 Concrete Floor Hardeners (Metallic Liquid) Herringbone Metal Lath Co 97 Concrete Mixers Herron, Rickard & McCone 4 Concrete — Ornamental Henry Decorative Marble Co 18 Concrete Sand Consumers Rock & Gravel Co 85 Conduct Pipes Berger Mfg. Co 98 Contractors — Equipment, Machinery D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Collins & Webb 141 Contractors — Equipment Bought, Sold, Rented D. G. Bevis & Co 161 188 Conveying Systems Maritzen-Kunz. Co 4 Cornice Work National Cornice Works 114 United Cornice Works 18 Corrugated Iron United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Crystallized Granite Henry Decorative Marble Co.... 18 Damp-Proofing J. E. Dwan 86 Decorating E. W. Waymon 32 Deafening Paper Pioneer Paper Co 166 Derricks Herron, Rickard & McCone Co 4 Desks Los Angeles Desk Co Doors — Fireproof Metal National Cornice Works 114 Doors — Flush Veneer J. E. Dwan 86 Doors — Hollow Metal J. E. Dwan 86 Door Jambs — Metal J. E. Dwan 86 Doors — Metal Covered J. E. Dwan 86 Doors — Safety Elevator Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Doors — Sidewalk J. E. Dwan 86 Doors — Steel Rolling J. E. Dwan 86 Maritzen-Kunz. Co 4 Sweetser-Baldwin Safe Co 166 Drainboards Kellastone Mfg. Co 85 Dumb Waiters Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Dump Truck Contractor W. E. Hoover 32 Eave Troughs Berger Mfg. Co 98 Electric Dumb Waiters Baker Iron W^orks 86 Electric Food Warmers J. E. Dwan 86 Electric Supplies The Electric Corporation 89 F. E. Newbery Electric Co 17 Listenwalter & Gough, Inc 110 Electrical Wire United States Seel Products Co. of Los Angeles Elevators — Passenger, Freight Baker Iron Works 86 D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Fulton Engine Works Back inside cover Llewellyn Iron Works 86 Otis Elevator Co 39 Elevator Cables United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Elevators & Conveyors Baker Iron Works 86 Elevator Enclosures Pacific Coast Ornamental Iron Wks. 87 City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works. ...162 Elevator Equipment Collins & Webb 140 Employment Agency Murray & Ready 10 Enamels Bradley-Wise Paint Co 186 Engines — Gas Collins & Webb 140 Engines — Steam Baker Iron Works 86 Fulton Engine Works Back inside cover Collins & Webb 140 Engine — Hoisting Herron, Rickard & McCone 4 Engineers — Chemical Smith. Emery & Co 83 Engineers — Electrical F. E. Newbery Electrical Co 17 Engineers, Founders & Machinists Baker Iron Works 86 Fences, Rails, Gates — Wire, Brass, Iron City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works... 162 Filing Systems L. A. Desk Co Fire Brick St. Louis Fire Brick & Clay Co 110 Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Fire Clay Products St. Louis Fire Brick & Clay Co 110 Fire Escapes Brombacher Iron Works 56 Pacific Coast Ornamental Iron Wks. 87 City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works... .162 Fire-Proofing Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 National Cornice Works 114 Fittings Price, Corcorna, Pfister Co 83 Fixtures — Electric F. E. Newberry Electric Co 17 Fixtures— Display Pacific Hardware Mfg. Co 4 Fixtures — Metal Brombacher Iron Works 56 Fixtures — Store, Office, Bank Southern California Hardwood & Mfg. Co 8 Flooring C. W. Bohnhoff Inside front cover 189 Hammond Lumber Co 136 Johnson-Wilcox Hardwood Lumber Co 32 National Hardwood Co 12 E. J. Stanton & Son 186 Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Floor Cement Hardener J. E. Dwan 86 Floor Composition Kellastone Mfg. Co 85 Floors — Cement, Cork J. E. Dwan 86 Floors — Tile L,os Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Floor Finishes National Hardwood Co 12 Foundry Pacific Hardware Co 4 Furnaces National Cornice Works 114 notary Mfg. Co 99 United Cornice Works ... 18 Furniture Lyon-McKinney-Smith Co.. 20 Furniture — Metal Sweetser & Baldwin Safe Co 166 Galvanizing United Cornice Works 18 Gas Fitters Wm. McArthur 88 Gas Furnaces National Cornice Works 114 Gas Ranges X,yon-McKinney-Smith Co 20 Gas Steam Boilers — Heating Systems Alfred H. Thompson 140 Gas Steam Boilers — Power Systems Alfred H. Thompson... 140 Gasoline Locomotives D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Glass — Art, Lead, Plate, Prism J. E. Dwan 86 Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Glass Sidewalk Lights Berger Mfg. Co 98 J. E. Dwan 86 Graders D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Gravel W. E. Hoover 32 Russell-Greene-Foell Co 85 So. California Rock & Gravel Co 14 Gravity Chute Equipment D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Grinders — All Kinds Collins & Webb 140 Hardwood C. W. Bohnhoff Inside front cover So. California Hardwood & Mfg. Co. 8 E. J. Stanton & Son 186 Heating Appliances Brombacher Iron Works 56 National Cornice Works 114 Hoists Baker Iron Works 86 D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Hoosier Kitchen Cabinets Lyon-McKinney-Smith Co 20 Hose — Air, Steam, Water Harron, Rickard & McCone 4 House Heating Hoyt Heating Co .•. 55 Rotary Mfg Co 99 Wm. McArthur 88 House Moving Kress House Moving Co 8 Inlaid Flooring National Hardwood Co 12 Incinerators Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Inspecting ^ Smith, Emery & Co 83 Insulating Paper Pioneer Paper Co 166 Insurance Geo. T. Mahana Co 8 Interior Finish Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 Iron & Bronze Castings Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Iron Pipe — Wrought Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Iron & Steel Baker Iron Works 86 Irrigation Pipe — Black & Galvanized Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Kellastone Kellastone Mfg. Co 85 Laundry Equipment Maritzen-Kunz. Co 4 Pacific Sanitary Mfg. Co 27 Laundry Trays Washington Iron Works Inside back cover Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Lavatories Washington Iron Works Inside back cover Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Lead— White, Red Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Lighting — Posts, Standards American Cement Products Co 186 Lime Hammond Lumber Co 136 Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 Summit Lime Co 43 Union Lime Co Back cover Lumber Dealers The L. W. Blinn Lumber Co 2 C. W. Bohnhoff Inside front cover Hammond Lumber Co 136 San Pedro Lumber Co 110 E. J. Stanton & Son 186 Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 190 E. K. Wood Lumber Co Back cover Lumber — Metal Berger Mfg Co 98 Machinery Brombacher Iron Works 56 Buttress & McClellan 4 Collins & Webb 140 Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Llewellyn Iron Works 86 Machinery — Concrete Buttress & McClellan 4 Machinery — Conveyor Collins & Webb 140 Machinery — Hoisting Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Machinery — Mining Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Machinery Needs Collins & Webb 140 Machinery — Pulverizing Collins & Webb 140 Machinery — Pumping Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Machinery — Rock Crushing Collins & Webb 140 Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Machinery — Transmission Baker Iron Works 86 Fulton Engine Works Inside back cover Machinery — Woodworking Buttress & McClellan 4 Harron, Rickard & McCone 4 Mantels Tay-Mac Company 17 Mantels — Tile Los Angeles Brick Co 14 Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Metal Lath Berger Mfg. Co 98 J. C. Duncan 97 Union Lime Co Back cover Metal Moldings — Drawn J. E. Dwan 86 Metal Window Screen J. E. Dwan 86 Mill Work The L. W. Blinn Lumber Co 2 So. California Hardwood & Mfg. Co. 8 E. K. Wood Lumber Co Back cover Motors Buttress & McClellan 4 Motor Truck Trailers Los Angeles Trailer Co 8 Nails United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 "National" Pipe, Valves & Fittings United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Oil Burners For Steam Boilers, Water Heat- ers, Bake Ovens, Dry Kilns, Hot Air Furnaces, Ranges, Incinera- tors, etc. Johnson Oil Burner Co 59 Ore Testing Plant Smith, Emery & Co 83 Ornamental Cement Work Pedgrift Bros. & Liebold 32 Ornamental iron Work Brombacher Iron Works 56 City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works.... 162 Paints — Technical J. E. Dwan 86 Painting Contractor E. W. Waymon 32 Paints, Oils, Accessories Bradley-Wise Paint Co 186 Whiting-Mead Commercial Co 110 Panels — Veneer C. W. Bohnhoff Inside front cover Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Paving Joints D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Plaster — Exterior Crack-Proof Kellastone Mfg. Co..... 85 Plaster — Interior Kellastone Mfg. Co 85 Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 Union Lime Co Back cover Plaster Sand Consumers Rock & Gravel Co 85 Plastering Contractor J. J. O'Connor 98 Pedgrift Bros. & Liebold 32 Fred E. Potts 174 Ed Westberg 114 Plate Steel Work Baker Iron Works 86 Plating Pacific Hardware Co 4 Pleasure Car Trailers Los Angeles Trailer Co & Plumbing Wm. McArthur 88 Whiting-Mead 110 Plumbers Brass Work Price, Corcoran, Pflster Co 83 Plumbers Supplies Whiting-Mead 110 Pacific Sanitary Mfg. Co , 27 Plumbers Ware Washington Iron Works ("West- ern" Porcelain Enameled Iron) Inside back cover Prisms — Window, Sidewalk J. E. Dwan 86 191 Pumps — Bilge Harron, Rickard & McCone 4 Pumping Appliances D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Railing — Office, Bank City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Pacific Coast Ornamental Iron Wks. 87 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works....l62 Refrigerators Lyon-McKinney-Smith Co 28 Whiting-Mead 110 Reinforcing Bars Herringbone Metal Lath Co 4 United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Reinforcing Fabric — Triangular Mesh United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Riveted Steel Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Riveted Steel Pipe Baker Iron Works 86 Rock — Crushed Consumers Rock & Gravel Co 85 Russell-Greene-Foell Co 85 So. California Rock & Gravel Co 14 Roofing The B. Y. Davis Roofing Co 161 Hammond Lumber Co _..136 Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 Pioneer Paper Co 166 Roofing — Cement The B. Y. Davis Roofing Co 161 Roofing — IVIetal The B. Y. Davis Roofing Co 161 National Cornice Works 114 United Cornice Works 18 Roofing Paper Pioneer Paper Co 166 Whiting-Mead 110 Roofing — Slate J. E. Dwan 86 Roofing — Tile Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Simon Brick Co 45 Roofs Repaired The B. Y. Davis Roofing Co 161 Rolling Mills Llewellyn Iron Works 86 Safes Los Angeles Desk Co Shealy Safe Co 162 Sand W. E. Hoover 32 Russell-Greene-Foell Co 85 So. California Rock & Gravel Co 4 Consumers Rock & Gravel Co 85 Sand — Colored Kellastone Mfg. Co 85 Sash, Doors The L. W. Blinn Lumber Co 2 Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Hammond Lumber Co 136 Hepburn Mill Co 172 Herzog Sash & Door Co 166 Pico Heights Lumber Co 18 So. California Hardwood & Mfg. Co. 8 Sash — Steel Herringbone Metal Lath Co 97 Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Saw Rigs Harron, Rickard & McCone 4 Scagliola Henry Decorative Marble Co 18 Scrapers D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Screens Hepburn Mill Co 172 Hipolito Screen & Sash Co 186 Screen — All Metal Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Screen — Invisible Roller Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Screen — Wire Whiting-Mead 110 Screened Rock Consumers Rock & Gravel Co 85 Screws So. California Iron «6: Steel Co 61 Sewer Pipe — Vitrified American Cement Products Co .186 Whiting-Mead 110 Sheet Iron Berger Mfg. Co 98 Sheet Metal Work Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Sheets & Plates United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Shingles Whiting-Mead 110 Shovels D. G. Bevis & Co 161 Herron, Rickard & McCone 4 Shutters Sweetser &' Baldwin Safe Co. (Kin- near Steel Rolling) 166 Sinks Pacific Sanitary Mfg. Co 27 Washington Iron Works Inside back cover Skylights D. G. Bevis & Co. "Waugh" 161 National Cornice Works 114 United Cornice Works 18 Smoke Stacks Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Spiral Chutes Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 D. G. Bevis & Co. "Hasletf 161 Spiral Column Steel Herringbone Metal Lath Co 4 Stair Work Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Stair Threads Herringbone Metal Lath Co 4 192 stand Pipes — Brass James Jones Co 81 Price, Corcoran, Pfister Co -.... 83 Steel Well Casting Baker Iron Works 86 Structural Iron & Steel Baker Iron Works 86 Brombacher Iron Works 56 Llewellyn Iron Works 86 United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Store Fronts Brombacher Iron Works 56 Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Maritzen-Kunz Co 4 Tanks Baker Iron Works 86 Buttress & McClellan... 4 Llewellyn Iron Works 86 Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Terra Cotta Whiting-Mead 110 Terrazzo Henry Decorative Marble Co 18 Testing Smith, Emery & Co 83 Thermo Storage Heaters Hoyt Heating Co..... 55 Tile — Hollow Building Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co 108 Simons Brick Co 45 Tin Plate Berger Mfg. Co 98 Toilet Partitions — Metal J. E. Dwan 86 Tractor Trailers Los Angeles Trailer Co 8 Trimmings — Hollow Metal, Metal Covered J. E. Dwan 86 Turntables — Automatic J. E. Dwan 86 Twisted Steel — Mfg. for Concrete Work So. California Iron & Steel Co 61 Valves Price, Corcoran, Pfister Co 83 Varnish Whiting-Mead 110 Vaults Shealy Safe Co 162 Vault Doors Sweetser & Baldwin Saf6 Co...- 166 Veneer C. W. Bohnhoff Inside front cover E. J. Stanton & Son 186 Ventilators Berger Mfg. Co 98 National Cornice Works 114 Wall Beds David C. Narver Agency 12 Wall Board Schumacher Wall Board Co 135 Whiting-Mead 110 Water Heaters Brombacher Iron Works 56 Fisher Mfg. Co 55 Franklin & Boyce 55 Hoyt Heater Co 55 Johnson Oil Burner Co. (Oil Burner Equipment) 59 Rotary Mfg. Co 99 Alfred H. Thompson 140 Whiting-Mead 110 Water Pipe Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Waterproofing J. E. Dwan 86 Waterproofing — Cement J. E. Dwan 86 Well Casing Los Angeles Mfg. Co 67 Windows Graves Sash, Door & Mill Co 166 Hipolito Screen & Sash Co.... 186 Whiting-Mead 110 Windows — Fireproof Metal National Cornice Works 114 Windows — Metal Covered J. E. Dwan 86 Windows — Steel Casement J. E. Dwan 86 Wire United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Whiting-Mead 110 Wire Fencing Whiting-Mead 110 United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Wire Rope United States Steel Products Co. of Los Angeles Wire Work — Brass, Iron Pacific Coast Ornamental Iron Wks. 87 City Ornamental Iron Works 162 Tressler Ornamental Iron Works.... 162 Wiring — Electrical F. E. Newbery Electric Co 17 Wood Lath Union Lime Co Back cover Whiting-Mead 110 3 1158 01141 6673 Visitors are cordially invited to visit our plant any hour as we run ail the time M^ WASHINGTON IRON WORKS Manufacturers of "WESTERN" Porcelain- Enameled Iron Plumbers'Ware— BathTubs Lavatories, Laundry Trays. Sinks, Etc. Establislied In 1 896 as an iron foundry In a small building on Main Street. Now covers a city block and furnishes employmentto over a hundred men H. S. GRAHAM, Pres. MAIN 4079 LOS ANGELES. CAL. n621 E. H. GRAHAM Sec'v UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY W. LEWIS BELL. President A. J. Mc( F. A. McAllister, Manage A 000 118 213 8 FULTON ENGINE WORKS CABLE EXCAVATING AND ROCK CRUSHING MACHINERY Mining, Hoisting, Pumping, Well Boring and Power Transmission Machinery Elevators, Engines, Boilers, Heaters, Tanks Condensing Apparatus and Sheet Iron Work Iron and Bronze Castings NORTH MAIN ST. AND ALHAMBRA AVE. LOS ANGELES, CAL. Postoffice Box 296. Phones: Main 661; Home 60007 E. K. WOOD LUMBER CO. Wholesale and Retail OREGON PINE AND CALIFORNIA REDWOOD MILL WORK OF ALL KINDS Local Yard 47th and Alameda Sts. Los Angeles, Cal. Wholesale Yard and Wharves San Pedro, Cal. OFFICE— 419 Trust & Savings Bank Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. Main 8940 —PHONES— Home 10597 BUY IT OF US BEAR Brand Portland Cement Blue Summit Lime Hardwall and Casting Plasters Tiger Brand White Rock Finish Wood and Metal Lath Buttonlath and Building Specialties UNION LIME COMPANY 1600 Atlantic Street Wholesale and Retail Main 64— F3 1 64