UC-NRLF 
 
 SB S77 M13 
 
'X 
 
/ J 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
 
THE 
 
 OEANGE COUNTY STUD BOOK, 
 
 GITING A HISTORY OF 
 
 ALL NOTED STALLIONS 
 
 BRED AND RAISED IN ORANGE COUNTY ; 
 
 TOGETHEB WITH 
 
 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF TUB DISEASES 
 0V THE HORSE, 
 
 BT 
 
 J. H. REEVES, V.S. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 Isr db OO-, 
 
 86 Nassau St., New York 
 
 1875. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 author of this little work, a native, and for 
 JL years a resident of Orange County, and one 
 whose avocation has thrown him much into the 
 society of her horsemen, and consequently enabled 
 him to acquire much valuable information in regard 
 to the breeding of horses in that county, and the 
 history and pedigree of its celebrated animals, in 
 presenting his book to the public, hopes that, in 
 estimating its value, the reliability, novelty, and 
 msefulness of its statements, rather than the number 
 of its pages, will be taken into consideration by the 
 reader. It is probable that no useful animal is more 
 affected by climate and food than the horse ; and 
 while the climate of the County of Orange seema 
 
 IR362654 
 
4 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 favorable to the production of the horse, and it 
 rich pastures and fine meadows afford the elements 
 for developing the finest forms and most enduring 
 constitutions, it is only by a judicious system of 
 breeding that to these two requisites of a good horse, 
 the third, that of speed, can be added. 
 
 Our ideas of the system of breeding which should 
 be adopted in order to be successful, and the reasons 
 upon which they are founded, constitute our first 
 article. It contains no idle dogmas or worthless and 
 fantastic theories, calculated to lead the earnest and 
 
 m 
 
 Honest searcher for useful knowledge into gross errors 
 and mistakes, but rather a collection of rules, precepts, 
 and facts, deduced from long experience in and close 
 observation of all matters pertaining to the subject. 
 
 While it is an undeniable fact that many fast trot- 
 ters have been bred and raised by persons who had no 
 'knowledge of these principles, yet if the pedigree of 
 such could be correctly traced, it would be found that 
 the breeders thereof have almost invariably conformed 
 unintentionally to these established rules, and that, 
 
*TUD BOOK. 5- 
 
 consequently, instead of the progeny being simply the 
 result of chance, it was produced under and in strict 
 a-^cordance with the fixed rule of the law of nature 
 that " like will produce like." 
 
 In proof of the soundness of our theory in regard 
 to breeding, we shall follow the above-mentioned 
 article with the pedigree and history of a few of the 
 most celebrated stock horses which have been produced 
 in Orange County, which, if carefully perused, cannot 
 fail to convince the reader of the infallibility of the 
 law of reproduction. And while our work is designed 
 more particularly for those who, in consequence of 
 their interest therein, may properly be styled "horse- 
 men," yet we trust that it will not be altogether with- 
 out interest to the general reader, and that he may 
 obtain some useful information in regard to the animal 
 which contributes so mucn to tne comfort and pleasure 
 of mankind, and which represents so largely the 
 wealth of our citizens. 
 
 The author has spent much time in obtaining the 
 reliable pedigree and history of the noted stallion v 
 
6 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 American Star; and facts are herein disclosed in 
 regard to the history of Rysdyk's Harabletonian never 
 before made public. As these are now universally 
 regarded as the representative stock horses of Orange 
 County, and as the history of each is replete with 
 interest, much more might have been written ; having 
 concluded, however, to offer our book at a price within 
 the reach of all, we have been compelled to condense 
 it in this as well as in many other particulars. We 
 have also appended a brief treatise on the diseases of 
 horses and the treatment thereof, which will be found 
 to be worth the price of the book ten-fold to every 
 horse owner. 
 
STUD BOOJ 
 
 BREEDING 
 
 IN CHANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Having briefly referred to the general subject of 
 breeding horses in the foregoing article, we pass to 
 notice the history and results thereof in Orange 
 County, in which county the subject has received 
 great attention, and has been rendered exceedingly 
 profitable to those who have engaged judiciously 
 therein. Indeed, from the time when the attention of 
 the citizens of this county was first drawn to this sub- 
 ject, the standard of trotting horses throughout the 
 country has been gradually elevated, and their speed so 
 increased, that with the present established record of 
 2.17, it would seem that it has now reached its lowest 
 second, and that not much greater achievements could 
 reasonably be expected from horseflesh. 
 
8 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 While the breeding of miming horses has been in 
 vogue for years, and their contests upon the turf is a 
 time-honored and ancient amusement, the first stallion 
 that we ever saw advertised as possessing trotting qual- 
 ities was Imported Bellfounder, in the year 1832. He 
 was a bright bay, with black main, tail, and legs, 
 standing fifteen hands high ; and his superior blood, 
 symmetry of form, and action, excelled all other stal- 
 lions. He was allowed, by the best judges in Norfolk, 
 England, to be the fastest and best-bred stallion ever 
 sent out of that country. No doubt he was, for, as a 
 proof, he stayed here only one year, and was then 
 taken back. Bellfounder made the season at Wash- 
 in gtonville, with full pedigree given, at twenty-five 
 dollars to insure a mare in foal. And here, well may 
 we mention, that forty years ago, twenty-five dollars 
 made the farmers of Orange County open their eyes, 
 for at that time, it is a fact well known, that the price 
 of service was looked at, not pedigree. 
 
 Bellfounder at that time was said to have trotted 
 seventeen miles in an hour. Notwithstanding what 
 
STUD BOOK. 9- 
 
 was then considered an exorbitant price, Bellfounder 
 was patronised, for the Crabtree mare was his 
 daughter, and the mother of J. D. Sayer's Harry Clay, 
 who has proved himself a trotter, and the sire of trot- 
 ters. Bellfounder was the sire of the Charles Kent 
 mare, the mother of the celebrated stallion Hamble- 
 tonian, the property of the late Wm. M. Rysdyk, of 
 Chester, Orange County, N. Y. Of this horse and 
 his get, a place will be found in this book. We pass 
 through the years of our Hylanders, Hickories, Wild 
 Airs, Liberties, Lances, Bolivars, Ottoways, Bullfrogs, 
 and a host of others, many of whose get made good 
 mothers, properly bred, for they were all bred up. (See 
 article on breeding.) There was not much change in 
 breeding valuable horses until about the spring of 
 1 847, when Abdallah came into this county. He was 
 a big, coarse, homely horse ; and then the farmers first 
 began to look at and turn their attention, many of 
 them, to pedigree and blood. This horse Abdallah was 
 almost if not the first point made in Orange County in 
 bringing the breeding of trotters to the standard it has 
 
10 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 at the present time. Black Hawk came into the coun- 
 ty next, and left some good colts. His mare colts 
 have made some of our best breeders. Charles Bull, 
 of the town of Blooming Grove has a mare sired by 
 Black Hawk that has raised him six colts by Hamble- 
 tonian, all horse colts, and have been sold young. He 
 has one foaled in 1871. And these colts have ave- 
 raged Mr. Bull two thousand four hundred dollars. 
 Other mares by Black Hawk are valued highly as 
 I breeders. Black Hawk died in Montgomery, July, 
 1853. 
 
 Cassius M. Clay, Jr., made his appearance here in 
 the spring of 1852. His get has been of great value 
 for breeding purposes, as it gave us more size, more 
 bone, and speed. He left a large number of good ones 
 in this county. His price for service was twenty dol- 
 lars, which was thought to be extravagant by those 
 who patronised him, J. D. Sayer's Harry Clay was 
 one of his get was foaled in the spring of 1853, 
 was kept for service in this county until he was sold in 
 1862 to Harry Dater, of New York, for five thousand 
 
8TUD BOOK. 11 
 
 dollars. This horse was a stock horse that improved 
 our breeds for bwie, size, and speed. Of his get many 
 are of note on the turf, his mares are highly appreci- 
 ated on our breeding farms, and his horse colts kept 
 as stallions have been sold at high figures and left our 
 county. One is still here kept for service; this is 
 Black Harry Clay, foaled in the spring of 1859. He 
 was bred by Wm. Owen, and owned by him and Brad. 
 P. Doty, but has always been under the control of 
 Brad. This horse is a trotter, and his get are trotters. 
 One of his colts was sold to Gen. Kilpatrick for four 
 thousand dollars in gold, and taken to Chili. Cassius 
 M. Clay, the sire of Cassius M. Clay, Jr., stood for 
 service in Montgomery, and died in the same stable 
 that the Black Hawk died in, July, 1854. He was 
 driven to death, and Black Hawk doctored to death. As 
 this family of horses all have their representatives at 
 the present day, we must give space and time for 
 those that are still on the stage of action. We will leave 
 this by giving a history of the celebrated stallion 
 Hambletonian and his get 
 
OKANGJi 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HORSE HAMBLETONIAN, 
 
 The Property of tUe late Wm. M. Rysdyk. 
 
 The pedigree of this celebrated horse is familiar to 
 almost every horseman throughout the civilized 
 world ; indeed, perhaps no single horse ever foaled has 
 won from his own intrinsic merits such an extensive 
 and enduring reputation. 
 
 He was by Abdallah, the grandson of the renowned 
 imported Messenger ; his dam the Charles Kent mare t 
 and she by imported Bellfounder. 
 
 Abdallah was kept for mares at Chester, Orange 
 County, hi the years eighteen hundred and forty- seven 
 and eight, at twenty dollars to insure a colt. In the 
 latter year, Jonas Seely, of the same town, owned this 
 Charles Kent mare, and bred her to the horse Abdal- 
 
STUD BOOK. 13 
 
 lah. She proved with foal, and OD the fifteenth day 
 of May, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, gave birth 
 to the colt which since has become so famous through- 
 out the land under the name of Hambletonian. 
 
 The mare, with her colt by her side, was sold by 
 Mr. Seely to the late William M. Rysdyk, for the sum 
 of one hundred and twenty-five dollars. The circum- 
 stances of Mr. Rysdyk were at this time very limited, 
 and it was only through the assistance of friends that 
 he was enabled to effect the purchase even at the low 
 figures named by the owner. From the price paid we 
 may readily infer that there was nothing very attract- 
 tive or extraordinary either in the appearance of the 
 dam or her foal. The colt, however, under the careful 
 management of his new owner, rapidly improved, and 
 was shown the same fall at the fair of the Orange 
 County Agricultural Society at Goshen. 
 
 At this exhibition he was led by the side of a horse, 
 and was equipped with a white bridle, martingals, and 
 girtn, a fact often spoken of by men who were boys at 
 that time. This brought the colt into some little no- 
 
14 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 toriety, which arose, perhaps, more from the style of 
 his equipment than anything else, as it was something 
 novel in those days to see one so young exhibited in 
 that style and manner. This was in the fall of 
 eighteen hundred and forty-nine, and he was again 
 shown in the fall of eighteen hundred and fifty, at the 
 game place and under circumstances equally as well 
 calculated to attract attention. 
 
 In the spring of eighteen hundred and fifty-one, we 
 saw him again, at the residence of his owner, and so 
 greatly had he improved, and so rapid had been his 
 growth, that, although he was but two years old, he 
 resembled in almost every particular a fully-developed 
 horse. 
 
 Mr. Kysdykj during this season, allowed him to 
 cover four mares, as appears by Mr. R's. books, which 
 we have been kindly permitted to inspect, and to 
 which we are indebted for much of the information 
 hereinafter contained, 
 
 He got three colts from these mares (two horses 
 and one mare), and no price is charged for the services 
 
STUD BOOK. 15 
 
 upon the book, an omission, however, which never 
 thereafter occurs. One of these colts soon thereafter 
 came into the hands of Major J. Seeley Edsall, of 
 Goshen, and under his careful handling soon proved 
 himself a superior horse. 
 
 The Major kept him for mares four years at Goshen, 
 and then sold him to Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky ; he 
 however, had in the meantime become the father of 
 the filly now so widely known throughout this country 
 as Goldsmith's Maid. We might mention many other 
 "good ones" from him, but for the present must 
 trace the history of his sire. 
 
 In speaking of this Hambletonian's first season 
 it is a fact worthy of remark, that a very large per- 
 centage of his progeny thus far in his prolific career 
 have been males, and that while large numbers of 
 them have from time to time covered themselves with 
 glory in their contests upon the turf; the reputation of 
 the old horse as a father of trotters would scarcely 
 arise above mediocrity were it entirely dependant upon 
 the exploits of his daughters. 
 
16 OEA.NGE COUNTY 
 
 In the spring of eighteen hundred and fifty-two he 
 was offered for service to a limited number of mares at 
 twenty-five dollars to insure a colt. While we cannot 
 assert that the practice of limiting the number of 
 mares Ibo be served during the season was inaugurated 
 by Mr. Rysdyk at this time, yet it is a fact which can- 
 not be gainsayed, that his example has been rigidly 
 followed ever since by the owners of stallions in their 
 advertisements at least. During this season he served 
 seventeen mares and got thirteen colts. In the fall he 
 was taken to the Island to be trained as a trotter, and 
 after going through a term of three months of this 
 kind of education, he returned to Chester, without 
 having made any public record of his performance 
 upon the turf. Notwithstanding the assertion of the 
 renowned Hiram Woodruff, that the Abdallahs could 
 endure more early training than almost any other 
 breed of horses, \ve are credibly informed that this son 
 of Abdallah was retired from the turf thus early in 
 consequence of his inability to withstand its severe 
 ^exactions. 
 
STUD BOOK. 17 
 
 In the spring of eighteen hundred and fifty- three he 
 was advertised for service. His full pedigree was 
 given, and twenty-five dollars was again asked to 
 insure a colt. 
 
 The breeders of Orange County, at this early day 
 in the history of the horse, began to appreciate his 
 fine qualities, and to extend to him a liberal patron- 
 age, as he covered during this season one hundred 
 and one mares, and got seventy-eight colts. His sue-, 
 cess as a stock horse was now fully assured, and with- 
 out any brilliant performance upon the turf, or any of 
 that puffing and blowing so frequently used both to 
 create and perpetuate the reputation of stallions, he 
 entered upon a career never equaled in the annals of 
 horse-breeding. In the spring of eighteen hundred and 
 fifty-four a similar advertisement appeared, with the 
 single exception that the price was raised to thirty- 
 five dollars. Eighty-eight mares were served, and 
 sixty-three colts were paid for. In eighteen hundred 
 and fifty-five, at the same place and price, he served 
 eighty-nine mares, and sixty-four colts were paid for 
 
18 OKANGE COUNTY 
 
 In eighteen hundred and fifty-six, eighty-seven mares 
 and sixty-four colts. In eighteen hundred and fifty- 
 geven, eighty-seven mares and sixty-three colts. In 
 eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, seventy-two mares 
 and fifty-four colts. In eighteen hundred and fifty- 
 nine, ninety-five mares and sixty-six colts. In eighteen 
 hundred and sixty, one hundred and six mares and 
 seventy-two colts. In eighteen hundred and sixty- 
 one, ninety-eight mares and sixty-eight colts. In 
 eighteen hundred and sixty-two, one hundred and 
 fifty-eight mares and one hundred and eleven colts 
 were paid for. During these preceding nine years he 
 stood a part of the time at Goshen, but principally at 
 his owner's stable in Chester, at thirty-five dollars to 
 insure. 
 
 The brilliant performances of his colts upon the turf 
 had now given their sire a national reputation. They 
 were in great demand, and commanded high, and in 
 many instances, exorbitant prices ; and the breeding 
 of trotters received a new and greater impetus than 
 ever before throughout the county. A new road to 
 
STUD BOOK. 19 
 
 fortune and wealth was opened, and many a farmer, 
 into whose brain the idea of making a dollar in any 
 other way than by the production of milk and butter 
 had never entered, prompted by the success of a 
 neighbor, turned his attention to breeding horses, and 
 forthwith concluded " to put the old mare." 
 
 Mr. Rysdyk, taking advantage of this state of 
 affairs, raised his price for the services of Hamble- 
 tonian to seventy-five dollars, at which price, in the 
 season of eighteen hundred and sixty-three, he 
 covered one hundred and fifty mares, and got ninety- 
 two colts. The next season, eighteen hundred and 
 sixty-four, the price was again raised to one hundred 
 dollars. Two hundred and seventeen mares were 
 covered, and one hundred and forty-eight colts got. 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-five the price was raised 
 to three hundred dollars to insure, one hundred dol- 
 lars of which was to be paid at the time of service. 
 During this season one hundred and ninety-three 
 mares were served, and one hundred and twenty-eight 
 colts got. The following season, eighteen hundred 
 
20 OKANGE COUNTY 
 
 and sixty-six, at five hundred dollars, one hundred of 
 which was required to be paid down, he served one 
 hundred and five mares, and got seventy-five colts. In 
 eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, he served seventy- 
 seven mares and got forty-one colts. 
 
 As might reasonably have been expected, from the 
 polygamous course of life to which the old horse had 
 for years been subjected, his physical powers became 
 weakened, and during the year eighteen hundred and 
 sixty-eight he was retired from the stud, and covered 
 no mares. Notwithstanding, however, the prognosti- 
 cations of many that he was " played out," a season's 
 rest had a highly beneficial effect upon him, and dur- 
 ing the following season he served twenty-one mares 
 and got fourteen colts. In eighteen hundred and 
 seventy he served twenty-two mares and got thirteen 
 -colts. In eighteen hundred and seventy-one he was 
 limited to thirty mares, which he served, and from 
 'which he got twenty colts, having left some seventy 
 applicants unserved in consequence of this limitation. 
 We have been informed by Mr. Geo. Andrews, under 
 
STUD BOOK. 21 
 
 management and direction Hambletonian now 
 is, that for the coming season of eighteen hundred 
 and seventy two over one hundred applications have 
 been received, from which number, however, but 
 thirty will be accepted. Upon a recent visit to 
 Chester, the old horse was shown to us by his very 
 gentlemanly manager. Although exhibiting many of 
 the indications of old age, as a matter of course, yet 
 his eye appeared bright and undirnmed by years, while 
 his coat was glossy ; and those peculiar points which 
 long since have led him to be pronounced the " King 
 of Horses," still stand out in bold relief While 
 standing in his majestic presence, and remembering 
 
 the fact that he was the iBire of twelve hundred and 
 
 \ 
 fifty standing colts, that they or their progeny were 
 
 represented in almost every state and county through- 
 out the United States, and in almost every country in 
 the civilized world, and that upon their successful 
 contests upon the turf, fortunes had been won again 
 and again, we could not but respect and venerate him. 
 Although, in the natural course of events, the days of 
 
22 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 the old horse will soon be numbered, yet, upon the 
 undeniable maxim that "like begets like," we shall 
 continue to produce trotters in Orange County for 
 years to come which will maintain our proud and pre- 
 eminent position upon the turf. 
 
 The sons and grandsons of the princely old horse 
 are yearly begetting colts superior to themselves, and 
 with our present knowledge of breeding judiciously 
 applied, we have no hesitation in asserting that the 
 speed of trotting horses will still be vastly increased, 
 and that the future Kings and Queens of the turf will 
 hail from Orange County. 
 
STUD BOOK 
 
 THE SONS 
 
 OF 
 
 OLD HAMBLETONIAN. 
 
 In view of the length of time in which Harable- 
 tonian has been at the stud, and of the vast number 
 of colts of which, during that time, he has become the 
 sire as portrayed by the preceding article it cannot 
 be expected that we Will give more than a passing 
 notice of a few of the many celebrated stallions which 
 have sprung from his loins ; and the first we will 
 mention is 
 
 Alexander's Harribletonian. 
 
 This horse or as he is more familiarly known in 
 Orange County Edsall's Hambletonian, was, as we 
 have previously remarked, one of Hambletonian's 
 first get, having been foaled in the year eighteen hun- 
 
24 CHANGE COUNTY 
 
 dred and fifty-two, out of a mare by Bay Roman, he 
 by Mambrino, and he by Messenger. 
 
 He was purchased, when qnite young, by Major 
 Edsall, of Goshen, and was kept by him until eighteen 
 hundred and fifty-nine, when he was sold to Mr. 
 Alexander, of Lexington, Kentucky, During the 
 time he was owned by Major Edsall, he proved him- 
 self not only to be very speedy, but also one of the 
 finest stock horses ever produced. It is said that, 
 during the w ar, he was stolen by the rebels, and that 
 Alexander offered a reward of one thousand dollars 
 for his recovery. Stimulated by this liberal reward, 
 parties immediately set out for his recapture, and one 
 of the pursuants, mounted upon a thorough-bred 
 mare, succeeded in overtaking the thief, when a con- 
 flict with arms commenced, during which the stallion 
 was unfortunately accidentally shot. He was returned 
 to his owner, and the reward paid ; but, either from 
 the effects of the wound, or from over-exertron, he 
 died very soon thereafter. He was the sire of Gold- 
 smith's Maid, now the acknowledged Queen of the 
 
STUD BOOK. 25 
 
 Turf; of Major Edsall, a very fast stallion ; and of 
 many other good ones not so well known ; indeed, it 
 is almost the universal opinion of the experienced 
 horsemen of the county, that had he remained therein 
 he would long ere this have acquired a reputation as 
 a stock horse not even second to his sire. 
 
 Edward Everett, 
 
 (Formerly Major Winfield), has recently, in conse- 
 quence of the achievements of his colts, greatly 
 distinguished himself as a stock horse. His dam is 
 said to have been by imported Margrave, and was 
 formerly owned and used under the saddle by the Hon. 
 Thomas George, of this county. He bred her to 
 Hambletonian ; and, although recognizing the superior 
 qualities of his mare, yet, for some reason, he gave 
 the colt to Sheriff Lillum, upon condition that he 
 would keep the mare until the colt was weaned. In 
 connection with this fact, it may be mentioned, that 
 Judge George bought one of Everett's sons, which 
 
26 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 has since become noted, viz., Mountain Boy, when 
 four years old ; but as this horse at that time showed 
 nothing very promising, to say the least, he sold him 
 to Esquire Bingham, soon after, for one hundred and 
 fifty dollars. 
 
 Everett is also the sire of Judge Fullerton and Joe 
 Elliott, who are of themselves enough to demonstrate 
 the great value of their sire. He was purchased by 
 Robert Bonner, for twenty thousand dollars, and is 
 now standing at the Lagrange Farm, in this county, 
 under the management of Mr. Wm. H. Keetch. 
 
 Volunteer. 
 
 While the success of a stallion, either as a trotter 
 or as a stock producer, must depend very much upon 
 his own intrinsic merits, yet, in both of these particu- 
 lars, much also depends upon his management and the 
 care and treatment which he* receives at the hands or 
 by the direction of his owner. In this particular, 
 Volunteer has been extremely fortunate. His owner, 
 
STUD BOOK. 27 
 
 Mr. Alden Goldsmith, is one of the most intelligent 
 and practical breeders in the county, and, indeed, may 
 justly be considered the pioneer breeder of trotters 
 therein. His great experience and sound judgment 
 has led him to adopt a judicious system of crossing 
 this horse with mares of his own, the results of which 
 have of themselves established a reputation for the 
 horse which is exceedingly enviable. His dam was by 
 Young Patriot, a descendant of Messenger ; and his 
 colts are generally very good sized, strong and hand- 
 some. 
 
 Among the speedy ones, we may mention Hamlet, 
 W. H. Allen, Huntress, and Bodine ; while we under- 
 stand that a Whirlwind will soon appear upon the 
 turf which will astonish the world. 
 
 Middletown. 
 
 Recent exploits of the colts of this horse have 
 greatly increased his popularity as a breeder, and have 
 placed him in the foremost rank of stallions, some 
 horsemen even predicting that he is the "coming 
 
$8 GRANGE COUNTY 
 
 stock horse." He is out of a mare by American 
 Eclipse, a grandson of Messenger, and thus has a 
 combination of the very best strains of the Messenger 
 blood. 
 
 Although his colts are quite young, yet one of them 
 Music, owned by that expert horseman and judicious 
 trainer, William Trimble, of Newburgh a four-year- 
 old, out of a second Star mare, has shown herself to 
 be extremely fast upon several occasions. 
 
 Middletown has been absent from the county for 
 several months, but we are glad to learn that he will 
 make the coming season at Middletown, and we 
 doubt not but that many of our breeders will avail 
 themselves of his services. 
 
 Happy Medium. 
 
 The mother of this stallion was the renowned 
 Princess, that so frequently and so gamely disputed 
 the supremacy of the turf with Flora Temple, which 
 is probably all the encomium he needs at our hands. 
 
STUD BOOK. 9 
 
 He was sold last season by Mr. Fowler Galloway, to 
 parties in Philadelphia, for a large price; yet the 
 investment will undoubtedly be exceedingly profitable 
 to his present owners, as we understood he afterwards 
 covered one hundred mares at one hundred and fifty 
 dollars for the season. Mr. J. S. Edsall, who has been 
 the fortunate owner of some of the very best stock 
 ever produced in the county, has a very fine bay 
 stallion by him, out of a Black Hawk mare. 
 
 Idol. 
 
 Mr. Backman, the owner of this fine young horse, 
 is the most extensive breeder of trotters in the world. 
 And inasmuch as, since the establishment of his large 
 business at Stonyford, he has almost monopolized the 
 services of Old Hambletonian and consequently has 
 become the owner of a large number of his colts, it 
 will not be within the scope of our little volume to 
 give a detailed description of the many which are 
 worthy thereof. We have selected Idol, not only as our 
 favorite, but as the recognized head of his stud, to fill 
 
80 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 the small space we have to spare. He is one of the 
 best proportioned animals in the county handsome, 
 intelligent, with fine limbs and gait. He is out of a 
 mare by Harry Clay ; second dam said to be by Terror. 
 Although Mr. Backman may have evidence sufficient 
 to prove the latter fact, yet, notwithstanding, we have 
 known this grandam for years, and always believed, 
 from her appearance, that she was well bred; it was 
 never discovered that she had the pedigree now claimed 
 for her, until after she became the property of Mr. Back- 
 man. The dam of Idol was bred by Lewis Tuthill, of 
 Union ville, and was sold by him when she was three 
 years old for one hundred dollars. 
 
 Since that time, colts have been raised from her of 
 sufficient value to amount to one or two very fine 
 fortunes. The objection will undoubtedly be raised 
 by some that Idol has Clay blood in his veins, and 
 that his value is thereby considerably decreased. 
 Permit us, however, to remark just here, that, while 
 we are willing to acknowledge that the Clays as 
 trotters have not proved a success, we nevertheless 
 
STUD BOOK. 81 
 
 consider the mares of this breed of great value as 
 breeders. They are natural trotters, with splendid 
 action and lots of speed, but have generally developed 
 a " soft spot," in other words, are deficient in staying 
 qualities. This single defect, we have no doubt, will 
 be remedied by judicious crossing; and we confidently 
 predict, that the time is not far distant, when these 
 mares will be almost, if not quite, as highly prized for 
 breeders as the Stars. 
 
 Idol's colts are very promising ; and we feel confi- 
 dent that, as soon as they acquire sufficient age, will 
 duly honor their parentage. 
 
 Sayer's Guy Miller. 
 
 This horse was bred by Mr. Richard Sears, of 
 Orange County (now deceased), who lived on a large 
 farm some three miles south from the Village of 
 Goshen, and had given much time and attention to the 
 breeding of fine horses, and would undoubtedly have 
 realized his highest anticipations could he have lived 
 
32 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 to see the progeny of Guy Miller in its present stage 
 of development. Sayer's Guy Miller was foaled in the 
 spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-three, &&d was 
 purchased by Mr. Daniel Sayer, of Unionville, Orange 
 -County, N. Y., at the public sale of Mr. Sears' estate, 
 in the spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-five, for 
 the sum of eleven hundred and fifty dollars. This 
 iiorse was sired by Galloway's Guy Millei, and he by 
 Hambletonian. The dam of Sayer's Guy Miller was 
 Sharpless Abdallah, by Old Abdallah ; gran dam, by 
 One-Eyed Hunter, the sire of Flora Temple : inherit- 
 ing the Messenger blood from both sire and dam. He 
 took the first premium, awarded to colts of his class, 
 for trotting, in Orange County, at the successive ages 
 *of three, four, and five years : he also took the first 
 premium at the Agricultural Fair, when competing 
 with some half-dozen of the first of Hambletonian' s 
 .colts, as being the best stallion in Orange County. Mr. 
 Sayer has bred his horse to a fine Harry Clay mare of 
 his with remarkable success. He sold her first colt, 
 >" Tom Sayers," a three-year-old, in the fall of eighteen 
 
STUD BOOK. 
 
 hundred and seventy, to Budd Doble, for two thousand 
 five hundred dollars, at the time of his winning the 
 three-year-old stake at Middletown, in 2 m. and 56 s., 
 being the same time made by his sire, at the same age. 
 A like sum has been offered for her second colt, and 
 refused. This horse has served mares only at his 
 owner's stable, and at the moderate price of fifty 
 dollars to insure. He served, during the season of 
 eighteen hundred and seventy- one, one hundred and 
 fourteen mares, proving himself a sure foal getter, aa 
 well as a source of great profit to his owner. 
 
 More fortunately in the horse than in human kind 
 a noble sire more certainly transmits his estimable 
 qualities to his posterity ; and while the human kind 
 may bask in the sunshine of ancestral glory, enjoy a 
 secondary fame by keeping himself obscured iu the 
 paternal shadow, or claim for himself the undeserved 
 merits of a family name, and with diplomatic skill and 
 through artful devices bear off the laurels belonging 
 to others ; the horse kind, before his claims to celebrity 
 
 md fame are considered, must produce the double* 
 c 
 
34 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 assurance of, first, his family record, and secondly, his 
 ability to perform or surpass what his ancestors have 
 done before him. Without ascribing to ourselves the 
 power to unveil the future, even to the extent of one 
 day's fair or foul weather, yet, with a knowledge of 
 facts before us concerning this same Guy Miller, his 
 noble and enduring qualities and many points of 
 excellence, we predict for him, as a getter of trotters, 
 a position second to none among horses, in this 
 ctnantry. 
 
BOOK. 
 
 AMERICAN STAR 
 
 Was a sorrel horse, with star and snip in forehead, 
 two white feet behind, above the pasterns, and ubout 
 fifteen hands high. 
 
 PEDIGREE. 
 
 American Star was sired by American Star, he by 
 Cock of the Rock, he by Durock, and he by Romp ; 
 Romp by imported Messenger. His dam was by the 
 racehorse, Henry ; grandam by Messenger. 
 
 That his dam and grandam were both thorough- 
 breds there is no doubt. His pedigree we shall try to 
 prove, together with his history. For the last five 
 years, the pedigree of the celebrated horse, American 
 Star, has been a subject of much controversy, so much 
 so, that we have taken much time and trouble to 
 famish a correct history of him. The great value 
 
86 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 attaching to the progeny of this horse, in the firsthand 
 second generations, makes it of the utmost import- 
 ance that breeders should have exact and reliable 
 information as to the blood he possessed. Fortunately, 
 hi our travels through Orange, Ulster, and Columbia 
 Counties, in New York, and through a greater part 
 of New Jersey ; we think we shall be able, clearly 
 and unmistakably, to give a correct and reliable 
 pedigree and history of the horse, American Star ; and 
 supply every link in the chain from the day he was 
 foaled, the property of Henry H. Berry, Esq., of 
 Pompton Plains, Morris County, New Jersey, in 
 June, eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, until he 
 died, the property of Theodore Dusenberry, of Goshen, 
 in February, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. Henry 
 H. Berry sought this horse while owned by Edmond 
 Seeley and Hiram Smith, and recognized him at once 
 as the same horse owned and raised by him till he was 
 seven years of age. This Mr. Berry told us ; which, 
 we claim, connects the last link with the first ; and we 
 simply mention this because Uncle Edmond did not 
 
STUD BOOK. 37 
 
 give him the same pedigree. He claimed his dam was 
 a Canuck, or Canada mare; therefore, some claimed 
 he was not the horse raised by Mr. Berry, His lasting 
 qualities, not only with him, bat with his progeny^ 
 should be a proof most manifest, that his mother was 
 no Canuck. Being a personal friend of Henry H. 
 Berry, we shall, as briefly as possible, give his own 
 words as he told us in a conversation we had with him 
 on this subject. In the fall of eighteen hundred and 
 thirty-four, Mr. Berry was in the City of New York, 
 and a particular friend of his Joseph Genung urged 
 him to buy a very fine mare for breeding purposes that 
 a friend of his owned on Long Island, and, on account 
 of being badly used and driven on the hard roads, her 
 feet had given out and she was offered cheap. Mr. 
 Barry declined to buy her at any price, as he had 
 horses enough. 
 
 Mr. Genung said her blood made her especially 
 valuable for breeding purposes, as she was by the 
 race-horse Henry, and out of a mare sired by Messen- 
 ger. The next spring, Mr. Berry was in the city, and 
 
38 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 found that his friend Genung had bought the mare 
 himself; and when he came to see her, he liked her so 
 well that he did not hesitate a moment in making her 
 his own. This was in the spring of eighteen hundred 
 and thirty-five, and Mr. Berry owned and lived on a 
 large and beautiful farm on Pompton Plains. New 
 Jersey. At the time he bought this mare, she was a 
 beautiful bay animal, somewhat advanced in years, 
 sixteen hands high, with a star and snip in forehead, 
 and both hind feet white above the ankles a smooth 
 and handsome mare, with a good set of limbs, but bad 
 feet. Mr. Genung was a bachelor, and boarded many 
 years in the family of Mr, Berry's brother, in the city, 
 but died soon after he sold this mare, and thus all 
 hopes of tracing her pedigree more definitely were 
 cut off. 
 
 That she was by Henry, and a Messenger mare, 
 there cannot be a shadow of doubt. Mr. Berry thinks 
 she was a thoroughbred. Mr. Ira Coburn, of New 
 York, owned a horse called American Star. He was 
 a bay horse, with star in forehead, fifteen hands high, 
 
8TUD BOOK. . 89 
 
 as round as a rope, with a good set of limbs, pleasant 
 disposition, and could trot very fast; but left no record, 
 as he was used afterwards only as a gentleman's road 
 horse. But, without getting ahead of Mr. Berry's 
 history, we must give it as we received it irom him 
 This horse was sent by Mr. Coburn, in the spring of 
 eighteen hundred and thirty-five, to John Hiker's 
 tavern, near Little Falls, Passaic County, New Jersey, 
 in charge of Nicholas Smalley, to serve a limited 
 number of mares. Mr. Berry bred this Henry mare, 
 but she failed to get in foal. The next season, Mr. 
 Coburn sent the horse to the same place, but in charge 
 of another groom, who neglected and treated him so 
 badly that Mr. Riker sent word to the owner that he 
 had better take him away. The advice was followed, 
 and the horse returned to New York. Very naturally, 
 Mr. Coburn became heartily disgusted with the stallion 
 business, and meeting Mr. Berry a few days afterwards 
 urged him to take the horse home with him, breed 
 him to as many mares as he liked, and then castrate 
 him an operation, at that time, in the whole country, 
 
40 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 performed only by Mr. Berry. This was in eighteen 
 hundred and thirty-six, that Mr. Berry took the horse 
 with him, bred him to his Henry mare, then carried 
 out the instructions of his owner. This mare proved 
 in foal, and dropped this colt in June, eighteen hun- 
 dred and thirty-seven, which became so famous in 
 Orange County, under the name of his sire, American 
 Star. Mr. Berry says he was disappointed with his 
 colt on its first appearance, both in color and size. 
 However, the colt received but little care or attention 
 took it as he could catch it hardly ever under a shelter 
 until three years of age, when he was taken out of the 
 barnyard and broken to harness. There was nothing 
 handsome or stylish about him, but he had a great 
 deal of speed. Mr. Berry ran him a great many 
 quarter and half-mile races, and never had him beaten. 
 At five years of age he served mares at most any 
 price, and was driven to a butcher wagon. He then 
 began to show a fine trotting step. This was in 
 eighteen hundred and forty-two ; and the next season 
 he received about the same treatment, and could out- 
 
STUD BOOK. 41 
 
 trot any horse in the whole country, and hanl that 
 butcher- wagon after him. Mr. Berry often made the 
 remark, that he had the most bottom and best game 
 of any horse he ever saw. In the spring of eighteen 
 hundred and forty -four, he was fixed up a little, and 
 advertised to stand for mares at New Milford and 
 Warwick, Orange County, N. Y. ; to insure a mare in 
 foal for seven dollars ; pedigree given in full ; and war- 
 ranted to haul a wagon on the road a mile in three 
 minutes. From some cause he served but very few 
 mares in Warwick, we think not any. In August of 
 the same season (eighteen hundred and forty-four), 
 Mr. Berry sold him to Mr. John Blauvelt, a silver- 
 smith in New York City, for three hundred and fifty 
 dollars, and a set of single harness. Mr. Blauvelt used 
 him for a road horse, and, as he says, the best he ever 
 rode behind, for pluck, bottom, and speed; but the 
 hard roads and hard drives soon showed the weak 
 points of his dam his feet giving out, and quarter- 
 cracks making their appearance, he was sent up to 
 Mr. Berry, to be wintered and cured. The next 
 
42 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 spring he came out all right ; but Mr. Blauvelt, 
 apprehending that again the same cause might produce 
 the same effect, traded him off to Cyrus Dubois, of 
 Ulster County, New York, for a grey gelding, at one 
 time owned by Sheriff Westbrook of that county, 
 Dubois had a partner, William Burr, a horseman, now 
 of Hoboken. What time Dubois owned him, we can- 
 not ascertain ; but he stood the horse a part of the time 
 in Orange County. Dubois traded him to Jas. Storm, 
 of Hudson, for a bay mare ; and after a few days, 
 Storm sold him to Walter Shafer, of Hillsdale, Colum- 
 bia County, New York ; who kept him one or two 
 seasons, then sold him to Edmond Seeley and Hiram 
 Smith, of Goshen, for seven hundred and fifty dollars. 
 This was in the fall of eighteen hundred and forty- 
 nine, and in eighteen hundred and fifty he stood for 
 mares in Goshen, and served fifty-four mares and got 
 forty five colts, at fifteen dollars per colt. One of 
 these colts we well remember He was called the 
 Randall colt ; and, we are very credibly informed, will 
 make a season in this county this year, under the name 
 
STTTP BOOK- 43 
 
 of his sire, American Star, He has a fast record. In 
 eighteen hundred and fifty-one, he (old Star) made the 
 season in Goshen, at ten dollars to insure served 
 eighty- seven mares, and got sixty-three colts. In 
 eighteen hundred and fifty-two, at the same place and 
 same price, served ninety-two mares and got sixty-two 
 colts. In eighteen hundred and fifty-three, same place 
 and same price, served forty-nine mares and got 
 thirty-five colts. That iall he was taken to Elmira, 
 Chemuug- County, New York, and trotted a race 
 against Jupiter. It was a well-contested race, Star 
 winning the sixth heat and race, in 2.45. In eighteen 
 hundred and fifty-four, the next spring, he was taken 
 back to Elmira and stood for mares, served twenty, 
 and got fifteen colts, at twenty dollars per colt. All 
 these colts were mare colts. A very large majority of 
 his get were mares, a fact often spoken of by those 
 who knew. In eighteen hundred and fifty-five he 
 went to Piermont, Rockland County, and served fifty 
 mares and got thirty-five colts, at twenty dollars. In 
 eighteen hundred and fifty-six he went to Mandata, 
 
44 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 Illinois, and served thirty mares and got twenty colts,, 
 at twenty dollars. In eighteen hundred and fifty-seven 
 he again stood in Goshen, and served sixty-four mares 
 and got fifty-three colts, at twenty dollars. In eighteen 
 hundred and fifty-eight he made the season in Goshen, 
 served fifty-five mares, and got forty-five colts, at 
 twenty dollars. Up to this time the horse had been 
 owned by Edmbnd Seeley and Hiram Smith, but 
 principally under the control of Uncle Edmond, as we 
 all called him. In the fall or winter of eighteen 
 hundred and fifty-eight, Hiram Smith having found 
 * some little fault with the care and treatment the old 
 horse was receiving, Uncle Edmond says, "Here is 
 five dollars, which I will give you to say what you will 
 give or take." The proposition was acceded to, and 
 Uncle Edmond became sole owner of the horse, very 
 unfortunately too, for him; for could Hiram Smith 
 have become sole owner of him, even at that time and 
 age, he would have been a source of great profit to 
 his owner, and would have received that care and 
 attention that a horse of his age most needs ; for it is 
 
STUD BOOK. 45 
 
 & fact, none could equal Hiram Smith in nursing and 
 taking care of a horse. Another reason why he would 
 have been a source of profit is, the horse had just 
 began to be appreciated, and would, as we think, in 
 Hiram Smith's hands have served mares for five years, 
 and for three of those years would have been patro- 
 nized at the snug sum of five hundred dollars as the 
 price of service. As it was, Edmond^ Seeley owned 
 him, and the horse soon began to manifest he had lost 
 a friend. Uncle Edmond, with all his good social 
 qualities, was a poor owner for a horse, and especially 
 for a horse of this horse's age. However, in the 
 spring of eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, American 
 Star stood for service at his owner's stable in Goshen, 
 at twenty-five dollars to insure, and served seventy- 
 one mares and got forty-three colts. In the spring of 
 eighteen hundred and sixty, he again stood in the 
 same stable ; but with all of Uncle Edmond's ingenuity 
 in digging pits for mares to stand in he failed to 
 serve a quarter of the mares offered ; yet he got ten 
 colts at twenty-five dollars. The same fell, Uncle 
 
46 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 Edmond gave him away to Theodore Dusenberry, who 
 took him on the farm of Hudson Duryea, near Goshen, 
 where, out in a field, in February, eighteen hundred 
 and sixty-one, he died. His last set were foaled in 
 eighteen hundred and sixty-one : and we simply men- 
 tion this from the fact that many are offering to sell 
 Star Mares foaled in eighteen hundred and sixty-one. 
 And that none may be deceived, we will state that Uncle 
 Edmond owned and had a colt sired by Star, called 
 " SIK HENRY," who made the same season at the same 
 stable, but at a much less price for service. This may 
 be substantiated by any one calling on John Smith, in. 
 Goshen, who holds the books of the ten years' service 
 under Uncle Edmond Seeley, and eight years of the 
 time his father Hiram Smith being a partner. AMERI- 
 CAN STAR passed through many hands, was generally 
 neglected and ill treated ; trotted in his day, many 
 races, principally on the road or ice, consequently left 
 no very fast record. No horse ever lived that more 
 certainly stamped upon his offspring his own charac- 
 teristics of gait, disposition sod bottom, than did American 
 
BTDD BOOK. 47 
 
 Star. Of his get, you will find a large percentage 
 mares; and many of them may be found on the 
 breeding farms of Orange County, highly appreciated 
 by their owners ; and well may be, for they are the 
 mothers of the fastest trotters in the world. 
 
 Of his horse colts but a few were kept as stallions. 
 The Randall colt, as he was called, and we have before 
 spoken of, was foaled in eighteen hundred and fifty- 
 one, is a trotter, and a getter of trotters. Magnolia, 
 Sir Henry, and Monitor, all good stallions by Star, have 
 been taken out of the county. 
 
48 ORANGE COUMTT 
 
 BREEDING 
 
 AM) 
 
 MANAGEMENT OF COLTS. 
 
 BREEDING. 
 
 That a proper knowledge of the laws of breeding is 
 a matter of primary and vast importance, is a gene- 
 rally admitted fact, and requires no argument to 
 prove, as it is only by this means we can maintain tho 
 present qualities of our improved breeds, and prevent 
 the race from degenerating, and c-oi-rect and improve 
 their imperfections. And it is equally true that there 
 are many erroneous views entertained and practiced 
 by many of our farmers. No person should attempt 
 breeding, particularly the horse, without first making 
 it a matter of investigation, patient study, and inquiry. 
 The first axiom we would lay down, says Youatt, is. 
 
STUD BOOK. 
 
 that like will produce like, that the progeny will 
 inherit the general or mingled qualities of the parents. 
 There are but few diseases by which either of the 
 parents are affected that the foal does not inherit or 
 show a predisposition to. Broken wind, spavins, ring- 
 bones, founders, blindness, roaring and the like, are 
 transmissible, there can be no question, not excepting 
 ill-usage and hard work. These blemishes may not 
 appear in the immediate progeny, but will in the next 
 or more distant generation. From this arises the 
 necessity of some knowledge of both the sire and the 
 dam. The most careless breeders have observed 
 qualities appearing in their stock that belonged to 
 neither sire nor dam, but which belonged to their 
 ancestry further back ; such as vicious temper, some 
 peculiar mark, white face or feet. Not only are dis- 
 eases inherited by the offspring, but the form, spirit, 
 constitution, and temper. *This maxim, however, 
 that " like begets like," is only true in part, as there 
 is a constant tendency to change, arising from differ- 
 
 D. J. Bowne, in Patent Office Official Report, 1854. 
 D 
 
60 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 ence in food. Change of climate, or other physical 
 conditions to which they might be exposed, might 
 naturally be expected to produce considerable corre- 
 sponding modifications in the lorm, size, color, and 
 coating of animals; as it is well known that cattle 
 generally become very large and fat when reared for 
 many generations on moist, rich soils, where good 
 pasturage abounds, but are distinguished by the short- 
 ness of their legs ; while on drier situations, where 
 the herbage is sparse, their whole bulk is less, and 
 their limbs more muscular and strong, A country of 
 heaths, or of other innutritions plants, will not produce 
 a horse so large nor so strong as one of plentiful 
 herbage, as is manifested between those reared on 
 bleak mountains and fertile plains, high latitudes and 
 more temperate climes, sandy deserts and watered 
 vales. A change of situation in the one case, after a 
 succession of generations, not only diminishes the size 
 of the animal, but affects the character and form of his 
 body, head, and limbs. Thus, if a London dray horse 
 be conveyed to Arabia, and subjected to the same 
 
STDI> BOOK. 51 
 
 influences to which the native breed of that country is 
 exposed, in the course of some generations he will 
 present the leading characters of the Arabian horse. 
 On the contrary, if the race thus changed be conveyed 
 again to England, in the course of several generations 
 it will gradually acquire the properties it formerly 
 possessed. This fact would seem to prove that the 
 Arabian horse cannot exist in perfection in any of the 
 northern or western countries of Europe ; and that the 
 humidity of the climate, and the influence indirectly 
 arising from that cause, are the principal reasons of 
 this change. Similar instances might be given in 
 reference to the changes which have been observed in 
 the sheep, the goat, and the hog. The former, when 
 subjected to the climate of the West Indies, from 
 Thibet, Spain, or Vermont, where their fleeces are 
 fine, delicate, and soft, after a few years, are entirely 
 covered with rough, coarse hair, resembling that of 
 the goat 
 
 Breeding should be conducted with some definite 
 object in view. There is no greater error than the 
 
52 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 common remark of some farmers, of some wretched, 
 under-sized, ewe-necked, cat-hammer wreck of a mare, 
 broken-winded, ring-boned, and spavined, " Oh, she 
 will do to raise a colt out of!" She will do ! but what 
 will the colt be? It will not be worth the mare's 
 grass, let alone the price of the stallion's service. But 
 it is a good feature that there is a growing anxiety 
 among farmers to raise valuable stock. This is attribu- 
 table to the fact, that it is not only as cheap to keep a 
 good horse as a bad one, but in reality it is much 
 cheaper. The prime cost is the only difference to be 
 considered ; the cost of stable-room, keep and care, is 
 identical ; while the wear and tear is infinitely less in 
 the sound, able, useful animal, than in the broken jade. 
 The work which can be done, and the value earned by 
 the one, is in no possible relation to that of the other. 
 The horse bought at the age of four years at three 
 hundred dollars, when he has attained the age of eight, 
 is worth twice the money, either for work or for sale, 
 to the horse that was bought for a third of that price, 
 when he has attained the same age. 
 
STUD BOOK. 53 
 
 What is called breed in horses, consists in the 
 superior organization of the nervous and thoracic 
 organs, as compared with the abdominal; the chest is 
 deeper and more capacious ; and the brain and nerves 
 more highly developed, - more air is respired, more 
 blood purified, more nervous energy expended. Whilst 
 the heavy cart-horse may be considered to possess the 
 lymphatic temperament, the blood horse may be 
 regarded as the emblem of the nervous and sanguine 
 temperament combined ; the latter, however, predomi- 
 nating. When the nervous temperament has the 
 ascendance, the animal will carry but little flesh, but 
 will go till he drops, never seeming to tire. He will, 
 however, take too much out of himself, become 
 thinner, and is what is called a hot horse. When the 
 sanguine temperament greatly prevails, the horse will 
 have great muscular powers, but not much inclination 
 to put them to the stretch. When the lymphatic 
 temperament has superior influence, the animal, 
 though looking fresh and fat, and starting well at first, 
 will soon flag, and knock up, and will rather endure 
 
-54 . OSANGE COL'NTY 
 
 the lash than make an extra exertion. It is the happy 
 combination of these three temperaments that make a 
 perfect horse, when severe exertion is demanded. The 
 full development of the abdominal organs is essential, 
 inasmuch as it is through the food that both the mus- 
 cular system and the nervous energy is furnished If 
 the digestion is weak, the other powers will be in- 
 efficiently supplied. The sanguineous organs are 
 needed to furnish the muscular powers, and the 
 nervous system is demanded to furnish the muscles 
 with the requisite energy and capability of endurance. 
 What is called bottom in the horse, is neither more nor 
 less than the abundant supply of nervous energy, the 
 muscles being at the same time well developed. 
 
 There are two errors commonly committed by per- 
 sons selecting animals from which to breed. Some 
 pay too much attention to pedigree, and too little to 
 form, spirit, etc. The correct theory is, though form 
 and character is of primary importance, the blood 
 should never be neglected. The great point to be 
 aimed at in a horse for all work, is the combination in 
 
STUD BOOK. 65 
 
 the same animal, of maximum of speed, compatible 
 with sufficient size, bone, strength, and solid power, 
 to carry heavy weights, draw large loads, and to secure 
 to the stock the probability of not inheriting deformity 
 or disease from either parent. Breed as much as pos- 
 sible with pure blood, of the right kind ; and breed 
 what is technically called, up, not down that is to say, 
 by breeding the mare to a male of superior, not inferior 
 blood to herself; except where it is desired to breed 
 like to like, as Morgan to Morgan, for the purpose of 
 perpetuating a pure stream of any particular variety 
 which is needful. A half-breed mare should never be 
 put to a half-breed stallion, as, in that case, the pro- 
 duct in nine cases out of ten degenerates below the 
 dam ; whereas, if she be bred to a thorough-bred 
 stallion, the product will be superior. And the error 
 is, to breed from mares that have become noted for 
 their speed. Some persons will pick up some long- 
 legged, rangy, broken down trotting mare, which 
 could, perhaps, trot her mile in 2.30, thinking to pro- 
 duce something very fine. Nothing can be more ill- 
 
56 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 judged, as in the majority of instances it is sure to end 
 in disappointment. A mare, with all the best blood in 
 her veins, but without good shape and good points, 
 is not fit for breeding purposes. 
 
 And the great and common error in breeding, is to 
 cross a compact dam with a large sire the object 
 being to increase the size of the offspring above that 
 of the dam the result is almost sure to end in disap- 
 pointment. This has been attempted in England, and 
 has proved a failure. The rule deduced from experi- 
 ence is, the dam must be as large or larger than the 
 sire. This is a historical fact. The history of breeding 
 ehows, that to improve a breed, we must select the 
 best- formed, largest mares, and cross them with 
 medium-sized, compact, muscular stallions. 
 
 Size is not the measure of power. Some horses that 
 weigh 900 Ibs. will exceed in strength and endurance 
 others of 1,200 Ibs., or more; and of those horses that 
 have distinguished themselves as trotters, a large ma- 
 jority have been of medium size. Shortness of legs, 
 with compactness of form, is indispensable to great 
 
STUD BOOK. 57 
 
 endurance. The size of the muscles of a horse, other 
 things being equal, determines his power. In selecting 
 a stallion, aim to get one that excels in the point that 
 the mare is deficient in and you wish to avoid in the 
 offspring. Let him exhibit courage and endurance, 
 rather than speed. No one stallion is best adapted to 
 all mares ; determine, with a matured judgment, which 
 class of animals your mare is best calculated to produce, 
 whether a roadster, coach horse, or draught animal, 
 and having determined this, use a stallion best cal- 
 culated to produce the thing reasonably expected, 
 bearing in mind the rule, that "Like will produce 
 like." Breeding, to be successful, must be a matter of 
 study. One point, Bays Youatt, is absolutely essential, 
 it is "compactness" as much goodness and strength 
 as possible condensed into a little space. 
 
 Next to compactness, the inclination of the shoulder 
 will be regarded. A huge stallion, with upright 
 shoulders, never got a capital hunter or hackney. 
 From him the breeder can obtain nothing but a cart 
 or dray horse, and that, perhaps, spoiled by the 
 
58 OKANGE COUNTY 
 
 opposite form of the mare, On the other hand, an 
 upright shoulder is desirable, if not absolutely neces- 
 sary, when a mere slow draught-horse is required. 
 
 The condition of the stallion is too often overlooked 
 by the most of our farmers. By condition is not 
 meant a high state of fatness, but, on the contrary, it 
 indicates the greatest health and strength, reducing 
 all superfluous fat, bringing the flesh into clear, hard, 
 and powerful muscles. Too many farmers are content 
 with the form and figure of a horse, without regard to 
 condition. 
 
 A remarkable case occurred in England, some years 
 since. George the IY. owned, and was in the habit of 
 riding as a hunter, a horse of unqualled excellence. 
 His Majesty caused a few of his mares to be bred to 
 him in the spring, after he had been kept in the 
 highest condition as a hunter throughout the winter, 
 and the produce, on growing up, proved every way 
 worthy of their sire. When His Majesty became 
 seriously engaged in the cares of Government, and 
 therefore relinquished the pleasures of the chase, being 
 
STUD BOOK. 59 
 
 desirous to perpetuate the fine qualities of this stock, 
 he ordered the horse to be kept at Windsor for public 
 covering, provided the mares should be of the first 
 quality ; and in order to insure a sufficient number of 
 these, directed the head groom to keep him exclu- 
 sively for such, and to make no charge, with the 
 exception of the customary groom's fee, of half a 
 guinea each. The groom, anxious to pocket as many 
 half guineas as possible, published His Majesty's liber- 
 ality, and vaunted the qualities of the horse, in order 
 to persuade all he could to avail themselves of the 
 benefit. The result was, the horse being kept without 
 his accustomed exercise and in a state of repletion, 
 and serving upwards of a hundred mares yearly, the 
 stock, although tolerably promising in their early age, 
 shot up into lank, weakly, awkward, leggy, good-for- 
 nothing creatures, to the entire ruin of the horse's 
 character as a sire ; until some gentlemen, aware of 
 the cause, took pains to explain it, proving the cor- 
 rectness of their statements by reference to the first 
 of the horse's get, produced under a proper system of 
 
60 ORANGE COUNTT 
 
 breeding, and which were then in their prime, and 
 among the best horses in England. 
 
 " In selecting a mare," says Youatt, " it is, perhaps, 
 more difficult to select a good mare to breed from than 
 a good horse, because she should possess somewhat 
 opposite qualities. Her carcass should be long, in 
 order to give room for the growth of the foetus, and 
 yet with this there should be compactness of form and 
 shortness of leg. In frame, the mare should be so 
 formed as to be capable of carrying and well nourish- 
 ing her offspring ; that is, she should be what is called 
 ' roomy.' There is a formation of the hips which is 
 particularly unfit for breeding purposes, and yet which 
 is sometimes carefully selected, because it is considered 
 elegant ; this is the level and straight hip, in which 
 the tail is set on very high, and the end of the haunch 
 bone is nearly on a level with the projection of the hip 
 bone. Kearly the opposite form is the more desirable. 
 She requires such a shape and make as is well adapted 
 for the purpose she is intended for," that is to say, for 
 producing colts of the style and form she is intended 
 
STUD BOOK. 61 
 
 to produce. We will add, that she must have four 
 good legs under her, and those legs standing as a 
 foundation on four good, well-shaped, large feet, open- 
 heeled, and by no means flat soled. That she should 
 have a good, lean, bony head, small cased, broad 
 fronted, well set on, upon a high, well carved neck, 
 thin at its junction with the head ; high withers, thin 
 shoulders, and above all, long, sloping shoulders. A 
 straight shoulder is an abomination ; it renders speed 
 impossible, and gives a rigid, inflexible motion, often 
 producing the bad fault of stumbling. She should be 
 wide-chested, and deep in the heart-place. Her 
 quarters should be strong, well let down, long and 
 sickle shaped above the hocks. It is better that she 
 go with her hocks somewhat too wide apart than too 
 near together the former point indicating power, the 
 latter, weakness, of a bad kind. It has been shown 
 that a breed mare may nay, should be considerable 
 longer in the back than one would choose a working 
 horse to be ; but if she be particularly so, it is desir- 
 able to put her to a particularly short-backed and close- 
 
62 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 coupled horse. The next thing to be observed by the 
 horse-breeder, in raising stock of any kind, after the 
 blood and form of the mare and the qualities of the stal- 
 lion, is the temper and condition of the dam. The former, 
 because nothing is more decidedly transmissible in the 
 blood than temper ; the second, because, unless she is 
 in good health and vigor, it is impossible that she can 
 produce vigorous and healthy offspring. 
 
 The first time a mare is to be covered, it is of the 
 utmost importance that the stallion should be the best 
 that can be procured, as instances have been known 
 where the stallion, having possessed Home striking 
 points, the colts of the mare have shown those points 
 for several colts after, though a different stallion was 
 used. 
 
 Under no possible circumstances breed from a stal- 
 lion which has any affection of any kind of the respi- 
 ratory organs, whether seated in the lungs or in the 
 windpipe ; or from one which has any affection of the 
 eyes, unless it be the direct result of an accident, such 
 as a blow, or a puncture, nor even then if the accident, 
 
STUD' BOOK 6$ 
 
 having occurred to one eye, the other has sympatheti- 
 cally followed suit ; and, on the other side, we should 
 say, on no account breed from a mare affected in either 
 way, unless she be possessed of some excellencies so 
 extraordinary and countervailing, that, for the sake of 
 preserving the stock, one would be willing to run some 
 risk of having a worthless animal for his own use, in 
 the hope of possibly having one fijee from the dreaded- 
 defect and of superlative excellence. 
 
 Previous to sending the mare to the horse, she 
 should be got into the most perfect state of health and 
 condition, by moderate exercise, abundance of good, 
 nutritous food, and warm stabling. It is not desirable 
 that she should be in a pampered state, produced by 
 hot stables or extraordinary clothing ; that she should 
 have the short, fine coat, or the blooming and glowing 
 condition of the skin, for which one would look in a 
 race-horse about to contend for a four-mile heat not 
 that she should be in that wiry form of sinew and 
 steel-like hardiness of muscle, which is only the result 
 of training. Still less desirable is it she should be 
 
64 OKANGE COUNT* 
 
 overloaded with fat, especially that soft fat generated 
 by artificial feeding. 
 
 The temper is of great importance, by which must 
 be understood, not that gentleness at grass, which may 
 
 lead the breeder's family to pet the mare, but such a 
 / 
 
 temper as will serve for the purpose of the rider, and 
 will answer to the stimulus of the voice, whip, or spur. 
 A craven or a rogue is not to be thought of as the 
 mother of a family; and if a mare belong to a breed 
 which is remarkable for refusing to answer to the call 
 of the rider, she should be consigned to any task rather 
 than the stud farm. Sulkiness and savageness are 
 likewise to be avoided, whether in stallion or mare. 
 From the time of covering, to within a few days of 
 the expected period of foaling, the cart-mare may be 
 kept at moderate labor, not only without injury, but 
 with decided advantage. It will then be prudent to 
 release her from work, and keep her near home, and 
 under the frequent inspection of some careful person. 
 When nearly half the time of pregnancy has elapsed, 
 the mare should have a little better food. She should 
 
STUD BOOK. 65 
 
 be allowed one or two feeds of grain in the day. This 
 is about the period when they are accustomed to slink 
 their foals, or when abortion occurs ; the eye of the 
 owner should, therefore, be frequently upon them. 
 Good feeding and moderate exercise will be the best 
 preventives of this mishap. The mare that has once 
 aborted is liable to a repetition of the accident, and, 
 therefore, should never be suffered to be with other 
 mares between the fourth and fifth months ; for such 
 is the power of imagination or of sympathy in the 
 mare, that if one suffers abortion, others in the same 
 pasture will too often share the same fate. Farmers 
 wash, and paint, and tar their stables, to prevent some 
 supposed infection: the infection lies in the imagi- 
 nation. 
 
 When the period of parturition is drawing near, she 
 should be watched and shut up during the night in a 
 safe yard, or loose box. 
 
 If the mare, whether of the pure or common breed, 
 be thus taken care of, and be in good health while in 
 
 foal, little danger will attend the act of parturition. If 
 E 
 
66 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 there is false presentation of the foetus, or difficulty 
 in producing it, it will be better to have recourse to a 
 well-informed practitioner, than to injure the mother 
 by the violent and injurious attempts that are often 
 made to relieve her. 
 
 The parturition being over, the mare should be 
 turned into some well-sheltered pasture, with a hovel 
 or shed to run into when she pleases : and if she has 
 foaled early, and grass is scanty, she should have a 
 couple of feeds of grain daily. The breeder may 
 depend upon it that nothing is gained by starving the 
 mother and stinting the foal at this time. It is the 
 most important period of the life of the horse ; and if, 
 from false economy, his growth is arrested, his puny 
 form and want of endurance will ever afterwards 
 testify the error that has been committed. The grain 
 should be given in a trough on the ground, that the 
 foal may partake of it with the mother. When the 
 new grass is plentiful, the quantity of feed may 
 gradually be diminished. 
 
 The mare will usually be found again at heat at or 
 
STUD BOOK. GT 
 
 * 
 
 before the expiration of nine days from the time of 
 foaling, when, if she is principally kept for breeding 
 purposes, she may be again put to the horse, At the 
 same time, also, if she is used for agricultural purposes, 
 she may go again to work. The foal is at first shut in 
 the stable during the hours of work ; but as soon as it 
 acquires sufficient strength to toddle after the mare, 
 and especially when she is at slow work, it will be 
 better for the foal and the dam that they should be 
 together. The work will contribute to the health of the 
 mother ; the foal will more frequently draw the milk, 
 and thrive better, and will be hardy and tractable, and 
 gradually familiarized with the objects among which it 
 is afterwards to live. While the mother, however, is 
 thus worked, she and the foal should be well fed ; and 
 two feeds of oats at least, should be added to the 
 green food which they get when turned out after their 
 work, and at night. 
 
68 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 THE VICES 
 
 DISAGREEABLE OR DANGEROUS HABITS 
 OF THE HORSE. 
 
 The horse has many excellent qualities; but he. ha? 
 likewise, defects, and these often amount to vices. 
 Some are attributable to natural disposition, but tht 
 majority are attributable to bad education and wron<? 
 management. 
 
 BITING. 
 
 This is either the consequence of natural ferocity, or 
 a habit acquired from the foolish and teasing play of 
 grooms and stable boys. Prevention, however, is in 
 the power of every proprietor of horses. While he 
 insists on gentle and humane treatment of cattle, he 
 should systematically forbid this horse-play. 
 
STUD BOOK. 69 
 
 It is seldem that anything can be done in the way 
 of cure. Kindness will aggravate the evil, and no 
 degree of severity will correct it. "I have seen,"' saya 
 Professor Stewart, "biters punished until they tremble 
 in every joint, and were ready to drop, but have never, 
 in any case, known them cured by this treatment, or 
 by any other. The lash is forgotten in an hour, and 
 the horse is as ready and determined to repeat the 
 offence as before. He appears unable to resist the 
 temptation ; and, in its worst form, biting is a species 
 of insanity." 
 
 Constant and laborious work is often beneficial. 
 Some horses may be over-awed by being very bold. 
 He may be warned by speaking to him. On approach- 
 ing a horse, hold a whip in his view, ready to let it 
 fall. If you can get hold of his head you are safe ; he 
 may then be muzzled, or his head tied to the manger 
 a long rope may be fastened to the halter, and run 
 through a ring at the head of the stall, and proceed 
 backward to the heel-post ; this enables a man to draw 
 the head close up to the ring, and keep it there till the 
 
70 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 grain or water is delivered, and till the horse can be 
 bridled, muzzled, harnessed, or dressed, as the case 
 may be. He is, of course, tp be released after you 
 leave the stall, but the rope remains in place ready for 
 use. 
 
 If you can obtain something that is exceedingly 
 disagreeable to the taste of a horse some bitter herb 
 saturate a piece oi cloth, and wind it around a stick 
 for him to bite ; it will often, in connection with kind 
 treatment, have a tendency to break him. A single 
 short cut across the mouth on the instant will some- 
 times do good. 
 
 KICKING. 
 
 This, as a vice, is another consequence of the cul- 
 pable habit of teasing the horse. There is no cure for 
 this vice when it is inveterately established, and he 
 cannot be justified who keeps a kicking horse in his 
 stable. He is never safe, or relied on as being safe. 
 It is foremost in the point of danger, and no treatment 
 will always conquer. An awkward man is always 
 sure to receive injury from a confirmed kicker, and a 
 
STUD BOOK. 71 
 
 timid man is never safe. Before the habit is estab- 
 lished, a thorn-bush fastened against the partition or 
 post will sometimes effect a cure. 
 
 A chain about 20 inches long, strapped in the centre 
 to the horse's foot, is the most effectual remedy known 
 to us. 
 
 Kicking in harness is a serious vice. Some horses, 
 by the least annoyance about the rump or quarters, 
 or if the reins get under their tail, they will kick at a 
 most violent rate, endangering everything within their 
 reach. This inay be cured by looping up his fore-leg, 
 and teaching him, by several lessons, to draw and 
 walk on three legs ; in this position he cannot kick, 
 and in a short time his leg can be taken down, and his 
 propensity for kicking will be found to have subsided ; 
 if not, repeat until he is entirely cured. Do not put 
 him in harness the first time his leg is looped up, but 
 first teach him to walk on three legs, without support, 
 out of the harness. Or put on a headstall or bridle, 
 with twisted W, or twisted straight bit, in the mouth 
 of the horse to be cured; then put on a common back- 
 
72 ORANGE CODXTY 
 
 saddle, with thill lugs, or any strap or girth with loops 
 on either side of the horse, is equally good ; then 
 buckle a pair of long reins, open in the middle, into 
 the bit, and pass them through the thill lugs or 
 loops, one to each hind leg, above the fetlock joint ; 
 there make each rein fast to the leg, allowing sufficient 
 length of rein for your horse to walk or trot, as the 
 operator may think proper. Everything complete, 
 you will have the animal commence the operation of 
 kicking ; the first will be a smart kick, and the second 
 lighter, and so on, till your horse cannot be made to 
 kick any more. 
 
 Or the following : Take a forked stick, about two 
 feet long, varying a little according to the size of the 
 horse, tie the ends of the fork firmly to each end of 
 the bridle bit, and the other end of the stick to the 
 lower end of the collar, so as to keep the head up, A 
 few days, working in this manner, will commonly 
 suffice for a cure. The man, however, who must come 
 within reach of a kicker, should come as close to him 
 
STUD BOOK. 75 
 
 as possible. The blow may thus become a push, and 
 seldom is injurious. 
 
 RUNNING AWAY. 
 
 The only method which affords any probability of 
 success, is to have him always firmly in hand ; and, if 
 he will run away, and the place will admit of it, to- 
 give him (sparing neither curb, whip, nor spur,) a great 
 deal more running than he likes. If you wish to stop 
 the horse, if on horseback throw your bridle reins 
 around his neck, if possible, to choke him, or choke 
 him with your arm. If in a wagon, and running away 
 is feared, provide a strong cord with a slipping-noose 
 placed around his neck; if he runs, draw the cord 
 forcibly. 
 
 CRIB-BITING. 
 
 The causes of crib-biting are various. It is often 
 the result of imitation, idleness, and sometimes by 
 partial starvation. The high fed and spirited horse 
 must be mischievous, if not usefully employed. The 
 crib-biting horse is more subject to colic than other 
 
74 CHANGE COUNTY 
 
 horses, and to a species difficult of treatment and fre- 
 quently dangerous. This is a bad habit, and very 
 annoying to the owner of a horse. Various remedies 
 have been tried, such as ironing the manger, par- 
 titions, etc. I know of no certain cure but an iron 
 muzzle, with bars just wide enough apart to allow the 
 horse to pick up his grain and draw out his hay with 
 his tongue, but not to get hold of anything with his 
 teeth. Common bar soap is a preventive, which is to 
 be rubbed on the edge and outside of the crib, and 
 renewed as often as necessary. If this habit is not 
 broken, it will soon be imitated by every horse in the 
 stable. 
 
 WIND-SUCKING. 
 
 This bears a close analogy to crib-biting. It arises 
 from the same causes, the same purpose is accom- 
 plished, and the same results follow. The horse stands 
 with his neck bent, his lips alternately a little opened 
 and then closed, and a noise is heard as if he were 
 sucking. If we may judge from the same comparative 
 
STUD BOOK. 75 
 
 want of condition and the flatulence which we have 
 described under the last head, either some portion of 
 wind enters the stomach, or there is an injurious loss 
 of saliva. This diminishes the value of the horse 
 almost as much as crib-biting ; it is as contageous, and 
 it is as inveterate. The only remedies and they will 
 seldom avail are tying the head up except when the 
 horse is feeding, or putting on a muzzle with sharp 
 spikes towards the neck, and which will prick him 
 whenever he attempts to rein his h< ad in for the 
 purpose of wind-sucking. Touatt. 
 
 CUTTING. 
 
 There are some defects in the natural form of the 
 horse, which are the causes of cutting, and which no 
 contrivance will remedy ; as, when the legs are placed 
 too near to each other, or when the feet are turned 
 inward or outward. Some horses will cut only when 
 they are fatigued or lame, and old ; many colts will 
 cut before they arrive at their full strength. The in- 
 side of the fetlock is often bruised by the shoe or the 
 
76 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 hoof of the opposite foot. Many expedients have been 
 tried to remove this : the inside heel has been raised 
 and lowered, and the outside raised and lowered ; and 
 sometimes one operation has succeeded, and some- 
 times the contrary ; and there was no po : nt so 
 involved in obscurity, or so destitute of principles to 
 guide the practitioner. The most successful remedy, 
 and that which, in the great majority of cases super- 
 sedes all others, is a shoe of equal thickness from heel 
 to toe, and having but one nail, and that near the toe 
 on the inside of the shoe ; care being taken that the 
 shoe shall not extend beyond the edge of the crust, 
 and that the crust shall be rasped a little at the 
 quarters. 
 
 NOT LYING DOWN. 
 
 It not uncommonly happens that ahorse will seldom 
 or never lie down in the stable. He sometimes con- 
 tinues in apparent good health, and feeds and works 
 well; but generally his legs swell, or he becomes 
 fatigued sooner than another horse. They perhaps are 
 
STUD BOOK. 77 
 
 afraid of being caught by the halter, or they have 
 already been cast in the night, and do not like to try it 
 again. Such horses should be let loose in a stable at 
 night, or in a large stall without being tied, and fur- 
 nished with a tempting bed, until the habit of lying 
 down is acquired. 
 
 TO PREVENT ROLLING IN THE STALL. 
 
 This is a very dangerous habit, and can be prevented 
 only by tying the horse so that he can lie down, but 
 not touch his head to the floor. This is very tires orae 
 to the horse, and hence, if you care enough for his 
 comfort and health, build a narrow platform, eighteen 
 to twenty-four inches in width, slanting at an angle of 
 thirty to forty degrees, so that it will form a pillow for 
 his head and neck ; then adjust a rope so that, as he 
 lies down, his head will naturally rest on the platform 
 or pillow. He will not roll unless he can get his head 
 as low as the floor of the stable. 
 
78 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 OVER-REACHING OR CLINKING. 
 
 An over-reach is a tread upon the heel of the 
 coronet of the fore foot by the shoe of the correspond- 
 ing hind foot, and is either inflicted by the toe, or by 
 the inner edge of the inside of the shoe, 
 
 A writer in the N. E. Farmer, who is a blacksmith, 
 cures overreaching horses, and increases their trotting 
 speed fifteen or twenty seconds per mile, by the fol- 
 lowing mode of shoeing, which increases the motion 
 of the forward feet, and retards the motion of the hind 
 ones. He makes the toe- caulks very low, standing a 
 very little under, and the shoes set as far backward as 
 convenient on the forward feet, with high heel-caulks, 
 so as to let them roll over as soon as possible. On 
 the hind feet, the heel-caulk is low and the toe-caulk 
 high and projecting forward. Horses shod thus, travel 
 clean, with no click. 
 
 PAWING. 
 
 Some hot and irritable horses are restless, even in 
 the stable, and paw frequently and violently. Shackles 
 
STUD BOOK. 79* 
 
 are the only remedy, with a chain sufficiently long to 
 enable the horse to shift his position ; but they must 
 be taken off at night to enable the horse to lie down. 
 Touait. 
 
 SLIPPING THE HALTER. 
 
 This is a trick at which many horses are so clever r 
 that scarcely a night passes without their getting 
 loose. It is a very serious habit, for it enables the 
 horse sometimes to gorge himself with food, to the 
 imminent danger of staggers ; or it exposes him, as he 
 wanders about, to be kicked and injured by the other 
 horses; while his restlessness will often keep the 
 whole team awake. If the web of the halter, being 
 first accurately fitted to his neck, is suffered to slip only 
 one way, or a strap is attached to the halter and 
 buckled round the neck, but not sufficiently tight tx> 
 be of serious inconvenience, the power of slipping the? 
 halter will be taken away. Youatt. 
 
80 OEANGE COUNTY 
 
 TRIPPING 
 
 He must be a skillful practitioner, or a mere pre- 
 tender, who promises to remedy this habit. If it 
 arises from a heavy fore-hand, and the fore-legs being 
 too much under the horse, no one can alter the natural 
 frame of the animal ; if it proceeds from tenderness of 
 the foot, grogginess, or old lameness, the ailments are 
 seldom cured. Also, if it is to be traced to habitual 
 carelessness and idleness, no whipping will rouse the 
 drone. A known stumbler should never be ridden or 
 driven by any one who values his safety or his life. A 
 tight hand or a strong bearing-rein are precautions 
 that should not be neglected. 
 
 If the stumbler has the foot kept as short, and the 
 toe pared as close as safety will permit, and the shoe 
 is rounded at the toe, or has that shape given to it 
 which it naturally acquires in a fortnight from the 
 peculiar action of such a horse, the animal may not 
 Btumble quite so much ; or if the disease which pro- 
 duced the habit can be alleviated, some trifling good 
 may be done ; but, in almost every case, a stumbler 
 
8TUD BOOK. 81 
 
 should be got rid o or put to slow and heavy work. 
 Youatt. 
 
 PULLIXG AT THE HALTER 
 
 The following is an effectual method of preventing 
 and curing a horse from pulling at the halter. It 
 should not be applied in a stable unless the animal is 
 watched, as he may throw himself and receive injury : 
 
 Put a strong strap or rope around the neck, and 
 another with a ring in it around the pastern of one of 
 the hind feet, and attach a strong rope to the ring, and 
 pass it under a firm strap or cirsingle, buckled loosely 
 around the girth, just back of the shoulder. Continue 
 the rope between the fore legs and through a hole or 
 ring in the manger, or post, where the horse will pull, 
 and then tie it to the strap around the neck, then let 
 him pull " to his heart's content." A few such trials 
 will most likely subdue him. The harder he pulls back 
 the harder his hind foot is pulled forward, and the 
 experimenter will be surprised to see how little the 
 horse can do he will not be likely to even get his 
 
 hind foot off the ground. 
 p 
 
ORANGE couinT 
 
 OPERATIONS, ETC.. ETC. 
 
 SETONS. 
 
 Setons are useful in various cases in abscesses, 
 as occur in poll evil. In deep fistulous wounds thr y 
 
 s 
 
 are indispensable. They promote discharge m the 
 neighborhood of an inflammation. They are made of 
 tow and horse-hair, braided together ; or a small cord 
 or a strap of leather may be used. They are inserted 
 by means of an instrument resembling a large needle, 
 either through abscesses, or the base of ulcers with 
 deep sinuses, or between the skin and the muscular or 
 other substances beneath. They are retained there by 
 the ends being tied together, or by a knot at each end. 
 The tape is moved in the wound twice or thrice in the 
 day, and occasionally wetted with spirits of turpen- 
 
STUD BOOK. 83 
 
 tine, or some acrid fluid, in order to increase the 
 inflammation which it produces, or the discharge which 
 is intended to be established. 
 
 In inflammation of the chest or intestines, a rowel is 
 preferable to a seton, where the inflammation has long 
 continued, but not intense. Rowels will be service- 
 able by producing an irritation and discharge. The 
 action of rowels is slower than setons or blistering, 
 
 CASTRATION. 
 
 Youatt says : " For the common agricultural horse, 
 the age of four or five months will be the most proper 
 time, or, at least, before he is weaned. Few horses 
 are lost when cut at that age. 
 
 " If the horse is designed either for the carriage, or 
 for heavy draught, the farmer should not think of 
 castrating him until he is at least a twelvemonth old ; 
 and even then the colt should be carefully examined. 
 If he is thin and spare about the neck and shoulders, 
 and low in the withers, he will materially improve by 
 remaining uncut another six months ; but if his fore- 
 
84 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 quarters are fairly developed at the age of twelve 
 months, the operation should not be delayed, lest he 
 become heavy and gross before, and perhaps has begun 
 too decidedly to have a will of his own. 
 
 "No preparation is necessary for the sucking colt, 
 but it may be prudent to bleed and to physic one of 
 more advanced age. In temperate weather he will do 
 much better running in the field than nursed in a close 
 and hot stable. The moderate exercise that he will 
 take in grazing will be preferable to perfect inaction. 
 
 " The old method of opening the scrotum (testicle 
 bag) on either side, and cutting off the testicles, and 
 preventing bleeding by a temporary compression of 
 the vessels while they are seared with a hot iron, must 
 not, perhaps, be abandoned. 
 
 " Another method of castration is by Torsion. An 
 incision is made into the scrotum, and the vas diferens 
 is exposed and divided. The artery is then seized by 
 a pair of forceps, contrived for the purpose, and twisted 
 six or seven times round. It retracts without untwist- 
 ing the coils, and bleeding ceases. The most painful 
 
STUD BOOK. 85 
 
 part of the operation the operation of the firing-iron 
 or toe clams is avoided, and the wound readily heals." 
 
 BLEEDING. 
 
 ThiB operation is performed with a fleam or a lancet. 
 Tb 5 first is the common instrument, except in skillful 
 li^ads. The lancet, however, has a more surgical 
 aj pearance, and will be adopted by the veterinary 
 p: ictitioner. A bloodstick is used to strike the fleam 
 it jo the vein. This is sometimes done with too great 
 r olence, and the opposite side of the coat of the vein 
 ic wounded. Bad cases of inflammation have resulted 
 from this. If the fist is doubled, and the fleam is 
 sharp, and is struck with sufficient force with the 
 lower part of the hand, the bloodstick may be dispensed 
 with. 
 
 For general bleeding the jugular vein is selected. 
 The horse is blindfolded on the side on which he is to 
 be bled, or his head turned well away. The hair is 
 smoothed along the course of the vein with the 
 moistened finger ; then, with the third and little finger 
 
illitli , ' . 
 
 86 CHANGE COUNTY 
 
 of the left hand, which holds the fleam, pressure is 
 made on the vein sufficient to bring it fairly into view, 
 but not to swell it too much, for, then presenting a 
 rounded surface, it would be apt to roll or slip under 
 the blow. The point to be selected is about two 
 inches below the union of the two portions of the 
 jugular at the angle of the jaw. The fleam is to be 
 placed in a direct line with the course of the vein, and 
 over the precise centre of the vein, as close to it as 
 possible, but its point not absolutely touching the 
 vein, A sharp rap with the hand on that part of the 
 back of iJie fleam immediately over the blade will cut 
 through the vein, and the blood will flow. A fleam 
 with a large blade should always be preferred. A 
 quantity of blood drawn speedily will also have far 
 more effect on the system than double the weight 
 Blowly taken, while the wound will heal just as readily 
 as if made by a smaller instrument. A slight pressure, 
 if the incision has been large enough and straight, and 
 in the middle of the vein, will cause the blood to flow 
 sufficiently fast ; or, the finger being introduced into 
 
STUD BOOK. 87 
 
 the mouth between the tushes and the grinders, and 
 gently moved about, will keep the mouth in motion, 
 and hasten the rapidity of the stream by the action 
 and pressure of the neighboring muscles 
 
 When sufficient blood has been taken, the edges of 
 tip wound should be brought closely and exactly 
 together, and kept together by a small, sharp pin being 
 passed through them. Round this a little tow should 
 be wrapped, so as to cover the whole of the incision ; 
 and the head of the horse should be tied up for several 
 hours to prevent his rubbing the part against the 
 manger. In bringing the edges of the wound together 
 and introducing the pin, care should be taken not to 
 draw the skin too much from the neck, otherwise 
 blood will insinuate itself between it and the muscles 
 beneath, and cause an unsightly and sometimes 
 troublesome swelling. 
 
 The blood should be received into a vessel, the 
 dimensions of which are exactly known, so that the 
 operator may be able to calculate at every period of the 
 bleeding the quantity that is extracted. Care, like- 
 
88 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 wise, should be taken that the blood flows in a regular 
 stream into the centre of the vessel, for if it is suffered 
 to trickle down the sides it will not afterwards under- 
 go those changes by which we partially judge of the 
 extent of inflammation. The pulse, however, and the 
 symptoms of the case collectively, will form a betteV 
 criterion than any change in the blood. Twenty-four 
 hours after the operation the edges of the wound will 
 have united, and the pin should be withdrawn. When 
 the bleeding is to be repeated, if more than three or 
 four hours have elapsed, it will be better to make a 
 fresh incision rather than to open the old wound. 
 
 In local inflammation, blood maybe taken' from any 
 of the superficial veins. In supposed affection of the 
 shoulder, or of the fore-leg or foot, the plate vein, 
 which comes from the inside of the arm, and runs up- 
 wards directly in front of it towards the jugular, may 
 be opened. In affections of the hind extremity, blood 
 is sometimes extracted from the saphcena, or thigh-vein, 
 which runs across the inside of the thigh. In foot 
 cases it may be taken from the coronet, or, much more 
 
STUD BOOK. 89 
 
 safely, from the toe ; not by cutting out a piece of the 
 sole at the toe of the frog which sometimes causes a 
 wound difficult to heal, and followed by festering and 
 even by canker but cutting down with a fine drawing- 
 knife, called a searcher, at the union between the 
 crust and the sole at the very toe until the blood 
 flows, and, if necessary, encouraging its discharge by 
 dipping the foot in warm water. The mesh-work of 
 both arteries and veins will be here divided, and blood 
 is generally obtained in any quantity that may be 
 needed. The bleeding may be stopped with the 
 greatest ease, by placing a bit of tow in the little 
 groove that has been cut, and tacking the shoe over 
 it.* YouatL 
 
 A great improvement has lately been introduced in the method of 
 arresting arterial hermorrhage. The operation is very simple, and, with 
 common care, successf al. The instrument is a pair of artery forceps, with 
 rather sharper teeth than the common forceps, and the blades held close 
 by a slide. The vessel is laid bare, detached from the cellular substance 
 around it, and the artery then grasped by the forceps, the instrument 
 deviating a very little from the line of the artery. The vessel is novr 
 divided close to the forceps, and behind them, and the forceps are twisted 
 four or five times round. The forceps are then loosened, and, generally 
 speaking, not more than a drop or two of blood will have been lost. This 
 meteod of arresting bleeding has been applied by several scientific and 
 benevolent men with almost constant success. It has been readily and 
 effectually practiced in docking, and patients have escaped much torture. 
 
90 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 THE PULSE. 
 
 The pulse is a very useful assistant to the veterinary 
 surgeon, whose patients cannot describe either the 
 seat or degree of ailment or pain. In a state of health 
 the heart beats in a horse about thirty-six times a 
 minute. This is said to be the standard pulse the 
 pulse of health. Where it beats naturally there can 
 be little materially wrong. The most convenient 
 place to feel the pulse is at the lower jaw, a little 
 behind the spot where the sub-maxillary artery and 
 vein, and the parotid duct, come from under the jaw. 
 There the number of pulsations will be easily counted, 
 and the character of the pulse, a matter of fully equal 
 importance, will be clearly ascertained. 
 
 When the pulse reaches fifty or fifty-five, some 
 degree of fever may be apprehended, and proper pre- 
 
 and tetanus lost many a victim. The forceps have been introduced, and 
 with much success, in castration, and thus the principal danger of that 
 operation, as well as the most painful part of it, is removed. The colt will 
 be a fair subject for this experiment. On the sheep and the calf it may 
 be readily performed, and the operator will have the pleasing conscious- 
 ness of rescuing many a poor animal from the unnecessary Infliction of 
 torture. Spooner. 
 
STUD BOOK 91 
 
 caution should be taken. Seventy or seventy-five will 
 indicate a dangerous state, and put the owner and the 
 surgeon a little on the alert Few horses long survive 
 a pulse of one hundred, for, by this excessive action, 
 the energies of nature are speedily worn out. Some 
 things should be taken into account in forming our 
 conclusion of the pulse. Exercise, a warm stable, and 
 fear will wonderfully increase the number of pulsations. 
 
 If a quick pulse indicate irritation and fever, a slow 
 pulse will likewise characterize diseases of an opposite 
 description. It accompanies the sleepy stage of stag- 
 gers, and every malady connected with deficiency of 
 nervous energy. 
 
 The heart may be excited to more frequent and 
 more violent action. It may contract more power- 
 fully upon the blood, which will be driven with greater 
 force through the arteries, and the expansion of the 
 vessels will be greater and more sudden. Then we 
 have the hard pulse the sure indicator of considerable 
 fever, and calling for the immediate and free use of 
 the lancet 
 
92 OBAUGE CODNTT 
 
 Sometimes the pulse may be hard and jerking, and 
 yet small. The stream, though forcible, is not great. 
 The practitioner knows that this indicates a dangerous 
 state of disease. It is an almost invariable accompani- 
 ment of inflammation of the bowels. 
 
 A weak pulse, when the arterial stream flows slowly, 
 is caused by the feeble action of the heart. It is ih& 
 reverse of fever, and expressive of debility. 
 
 The oppressed pulse is when the arteries seem to be 
 fully distended with blood. There is obstruction 
 somewhere, and the action of the heart can hardly 
 force the stream along, or communicate pulsation to 
 the current. 
 
 The state of the pulse should be carefully regarded 
 during bleeding. The most experienced practitioner 
 cannot tell what quantity of blood must be abstracted 
 in order to produce the desired effect. The change of 
 the pulse can alone indicate when the object is accom- 
 plished; therefore, the operator should have his finger 
 on the artery during the act of breeding, and, compa- 
 ratively regardless of the quantity, continue to tak& 
 
STUD BOOK. 93 
 
 blood until, in inflammation of the lungs, the oppressed 
 pulse becomes fuller and more distinct, or the strong 
 pulse of considerable fever is evidently softer, or the 
 animal exhibits symptoms of iaintness, 
 
 It is important to distinguish between the pulse of 
 fever and that of inflammation. We may have a pulse 
 of the greatest rapidity, as in influenza, and yet no one 
 part of the body much inflamed. We have known the 
 pulse of the horse more than tripled, and the animal 
 still recover ; and, on the other hand, in cases of in- 
 flammation, a pulse of sixty has betokened great 
 danger, and, in some cases, has been succeeded by 
 death. 
 
 CLYSTERS. 
 
 The principal art of administering a clyster consist* 
 in not frightening the horse. The pipe, well oiled, 
 should be very gently introduced, and the fluid not 
 too hastily thrown into the intestine, its heat being as 
 nearly as possible that of the intestine, or about 96 of 
 Fahrenheit's thermometer. 
 
94 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 These are useful in hastening the evacuation of the 
 bowels when the disease requires their speedy action. 
 
 Two ounces of soft or yellow soap, dissolved in a 
 gallon of warm water, will form a useful aperient 
 clyster. For a more active aperient, half a pound of 
 Epsom salts, or even of common salt, may be dissolved 
 in the same quantity of water. A stronger injection, 
 but not to be used if much purgative medicine has 
 been previously given, may be composed of an ounce 
 of Barbadoes aloes, dissolved in two or three quarts of 
 warm water. If nothing else can be procured, warm 
 water may be employed. 
 
 In cases of over-purging, or inflammation of the 
 bowels, the injection must be of a soothing nature. It 
 may consist of gruel alone, or, if the purging is con- 
 siderable, and difficult to stop, the gruel must be 
 thicker, and four ounces of prepared, or powdered 
 chalk, well mixed with or suspended in it, with two 
 scruples or a drachm of powdered opium. 
 
 No oil should enter into the composition of a 
 
8TDD BOOK. 95 
 
 clyster, except that linseed oil may be used for the 
 expulsion of ascarides, or needle worms 
 
 In epidemic catarrh, when the horse sometimes 
 obstinately refuses to eat or to drink, his strength may 
 be supported by nourishing clysters ; but they should 
 consist of thick gruel only, and not more than a quart 
 should be administered at once. 
 
 TRACHEOTOMY. 
 
 " This operation consists in making an opening inta 
 the windpipe to admit air to the lungs, when the 
 natural passage is obstructed by foreign bodies, or 
 when its calibre is lessened by tumefaction occasioned 
 by disease. In severe cases of laiyngitis, strangles, 
 and their kindred diseases, when the patient seems 
 almost suffocated, tracheotomy should be immediately 
 performed. In performing the operation, we select a- 
 spot about six inches below the throat, in front of the 
 neck, and over the region of the windpipe ; an incision 
 is to be made with a common penknife (in lieu of a 
 better instrument), to the extent of two or three- 
 
96 OBANGE COUNTY 
 
 inches, in a downward direction, so as to lay bare the 
 trachea; having exposed space sufficient, a circular 
 piece between two rings, corresponding to the size of 
 the tube, is to be cut out, and a short tube inserted, 
 which can be confined in position by means of tape 
 passed around the neck. When the obstruction ia 
 removed, or the fances restored to their natural state, 
 remove the tube, bring the edges of the integuments 
 together, and sew them up." Dr. Dadd. 
 
 PHTSICHSTG. 
 
 This is often necessary, but it has injured the con- 
 stitution and destroyed thousands of animals } when 
 unnecessarily or improperly resorted to. When the 
 horse comes from grass to dry feed, or from the open 
 air to the heated stable, and is becoming too fat, or 
 has surfeit, or grease, or mange, or is out of condition 
 from inactivity of the digestive organs, a dose of 
 physic is serviceable ; but the physicing of all horses, 
 and the too frequent method of exercising the animal 
 when under the operation of physic, cannot be too 
 strongly condemned. 
 
STUD BOOK. 97 
 
 A horse should be carefully prepared lor the action 
 of physic. Mashes should be given until the duns 
 becomes softened. Five drachms of aloes, given when 
 the dung has thus been softened, will act much more 
 effectually and much more safely then seven drachms 
 when the lower intestines are obstructed by hardened 
 dung. 
 
 On the day on which the physic is given, the horse 
 should have exercise ; but after the physic begins to 
 work, he should not be moved from his stall. 
 
 A little hay may be put into the rack. As much 
 mash should be given as the horse will eat, and as 
 much water, with the coldness of it taken off, as he 
 will drink. If he refuses to drink warm water, it is 
 better that he should have it cold than to continue 
 without taking any fluid ; but, in such case, he should 
 not be suffered to take more than a quart at a time, 
 with an interval of at least an hour between each 
 draught. The cleansing powder will be found an 
 excellent physic. The Barbadoes aloes, although 
 sometimes very dear, should alone be used. The dose. 
 
OBANGE COUNTY 
 
 with a horse properly prepared, will vary from four to 
 seven drachms. 
 
 DISEASES. 
 
 STRANGLES OR HORSE DISTEMPER. 
 
 This disease is principally incident to young horses, 
 usually appearing between the fourth and fifth year, 
 and oftener in the spring than at any other time. It 
 occasionally attacks old animals. Few horses escape 
 its attack ; but, the disease having passed over, the 
 animal is free from it for the remainder of his life. 
 This disease is usually considered contagious, but we 
 are not clear upon this point ; however, it will be well 
 to separate the patient from healthy animals. This we 
 would recommend in all cases of catarrhal affection. 
 
 SYMPTOMS, It is generally preceded by cough, with 
 a discharge from the nostrils of a yellowish color, 
 
fiTDD BOOK. 99 
 
 mixed with pus, generally without smell ; the mem- 
 brane of the nose intensely red, a swelling under the 
 throat which increases, accompanied by a fever, a 
 disinclination to eat, and a considerable thirst, but 
 after a gulp or two the horse ceases to drink. In 
 attempting to swallow, a convulsive cough comes on, 
 which threatens to suffocate the animal and the 
 mouth is hot and tongue coated with white fur. The 
 tumor under the jaw and about the centre of the 
 channel soon fills the whole space, and is evidently 
 one uniform body, and may thus be distinguished from 
 glanders or the enlarged glands of catarrh. In a few 
 days it becomes more prominent and soft, and 
 evidently contains a fluid. This rapidly increases, the 
 tumor bursts, and a great quantity of pus is discharged. 
 As soon as the tumor has broken, the cough subsides, 
 and the horse speedily mends, although some degree 
 of weakness may hang about him for considerable 
 time. 
 
 TREATMENT. As soon as the tumor under the jaw 
 is decidedly apparent, the part should be actively 
 
100 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 blistered. It should be washed off as soon as it rises, 
 and if repeated in a day or two, this will abate the 
 internal inflammation and soreness of the throat, and 
 promote the suppurative process. When the glands 
 remain hard, and do not suppurate, it may lead to 
 glanders, in which case the use of Iodine Ointment as 
 an outward application, and hydriodate of potash in 
 daily doses of ten to forty grains, combined with 
 tonics, will be found useful as an internal application. 
 As soon as the swelling is soft on its summit, and 
 evidently contains matter, it should be freely and 
 deeply lanced, after which apply a linseed poultice. If 
 the incision is deep and large enough, no second col- 
 lection of matter will be formed ; and that which is 
 already there may be suffered to run out slowly, all 
 pressure with the fingers being avoided. The part 
 should be kept clean. The appetite will return with 
 the opening of the abscess. Bran-mashes, or fresh-cut 
 grass should be liberally supplied, which will not only 
 afford sufficient nourishment to recruit the strength of 
 the animal, but keep the bowels gently open. If the 
 
STUD BOOK. 101 
 
 weakness is not great, no further medicine will be 
 wanted, except a dose of mild physic, in order to 
 prevent the swellings or eruptions which sometimes 
 succeed to strangles. In cases of debility, a small 
 quantity of tonic medicine, as camomile, gentian, or 
 ginger may be administered. 
 
 No. 2. Homoeopathic treatment : Fever symptoms, 
 Aconite, 10 to 15 drops, once an hour ; when allayed, 
 arsenicum, 12 to 15 drops. 
 
 BLISTERING 
 
 The principle on which they act is, that two intense 
 inflammations cannot exist in neighboring parts at the 
 same time ; they also increase the action of contiguous 
 vessels. Inflammation should be met promptly with 
 blistering. Old enlargements and swellings can be 
 removed by milder stimulants, such as sweating down. 
 the part to be blistered. The hair should be shaved, 
 and the ointment thoroughly rubbed in. Care should 
 be taken that the horse cannot hurt himself. Alter 
 twenty-four hours, a little olive or neat's foot oil 
 
102 ORANGE OOUNTT 
 
 should be applied over the blister. Apply tho oil, 
 morning and night, until the scab peels off. Where 
 there is a tendency to grease, blistering is dangerous. 
 In the winter, care should be used that the horse does 
 not take cold in the part blistered. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OP THE KIDNEYS, 
 
 SYMPTOMS. A constant desire to void urine, al- 
 though only passed in small quantities, highly colored, 
 and sometimes tinged with blood, though more 
 generally quite natural. There is usually a peculiar 
 stiffness in the hind extremities, especially when the 
 horse is made to describe a circle. Pressure on the 
 loins elicit symptoms of pain, and the pulse and 
 respirations denote febrile symptoms. 
 
 The treatment will only vary from that of inflamma- 
 tion of other parts by a consideration of the peculiarity 
 of the organ affected. Bleeding may be promptly 
 resorted to. An active purge should next be ad- 
 ministered, and a counter inflammation excited as 
 nearly as possible to the seat of disease. For this 
 
STUD BOOK. 108 
 
 purpose the loins should be fomented with hot water, 
 or covered with a mustard poultice the horse should 
 be warmly clothed, and no diuretic should be given 
 internally. One of the best applications to the loins is 
 a fresh sheep skin, the skin side inwards. This will 
 very soon cause and keep up a considerable perspira- 
 tion, which may be continued by means of a fresh 
 skin in the course of twelve hours. With regard to 
 internal medicines, one of the best sedatives is the 
 white hellebore, in doses of a scruple twice a day. 
 The bowels should be opened by means of an aperient 
 draught, and abundance of linseed tea should be given 
 so as to sheath the irritated parts. The patient should 
 be warmly clothed, his legs well bandaged, and plenty 
 of water offered to him. The food should be carefully 
 examined, and anything that could have excited, or 
 that may prolong the irritation, carefully removed. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 
 
 This is a very rare but exceedingly dangerous 
 disease. There are two varieties of this disease, 
 
104 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 inflammation of the body of the bladder, and of its 
 neck. The symptoms are nearly the same as with 
 those of inflammation of the kidney, except that there 
 is rarely a total suppression of urine, and there is heat 
 felt in the rectum over the situation of the bladder. 
 The causes are, the presence of some acrid or irritant 
 matter in the urine, or of calculus or stone in the 
 bladder. In inflammation of the neck of the bladder, 
 there is the same frequent voiding of urine in small 
 quantities, generally appearing in an advanced stage 
 of the disease, and often ending in almost total sup- 
 pression. There is this circumstance which can never 
 be mistaken : the bladder is distended with urine, and 
 can be distinctly felt under the rectum. It is spasm 
 of the part, closing the neck of the bladder so power- 
 fully that the contraction of the bladder and the pres- 
 sure of the muscles are unable to force out the urine. 
 
 The treatment in this case will be the same as in 
 inflammation of the kidneys, except that it is of more 
 consequence that the animal should drink freely of 
 water or thin gruel. 
 
STUD BOOK. 105 
 
 The irritation being great, it is almost impossible to 
 keep any soothing application in the bladder, the 
 contents of which are being continually ejected; 
 recourse, therefore, must be had to very copious 
 bleeding, so as to endeavor to check the inflammation 
 which exists, as well as to assuage the irritation, which 
 forbids local measures. It will assist, to administer 
 calomel conbined with opium and tartarized antimony, 
 to scruples of each being given three times a day. The 
 same means may be adopted when inflammation 
 attacks the neck of the bladder, and the spasm pre- 
 vents its evacuation. The bladder of a mare can be 
 easily evacuated by means of a catheter ; and, by the 
 aid of the elastic and flexible catheter, the bladder of 
 the gelding can also be discharged, though the opera- 
 tion requires some tact and skill. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH 
 AND BOWELS. 
 
 There are two varities of this malady. The first is 
 inflammation of the external coats of the intestines, 
 
10G OliA.NOB COUNTY 
 
 called peritonitis, accompanied by considerable fever, 
 and usually oostiveness. The second is that of the 
 internal or mucous coat, called enteritis. 
 
 The muscular coat is that which is often est affected, 
 Inflammation of the external coats of the stomach, 
 whether the peritoneal or muscular, or both, is a very 
 frequent and fatal disease. It speedily runs its course, 
 and it is of great consequence that its early symptoms 
 should be known. 
 
 The causes of peritonitis are both numerous and 
 various. We have seen that colic may give rise to it. 
 Constipation may be viewed in the light both of cause 
 and effect in its relation to it. Collected 'hardened 
 faeces must naturally, not only of themselves, be 
 irritative, but obstructive and subersive of the func- 
 tions of the bowels, and in either one or the other 
 ways may lay the foundation for an attack of inflam- 
 mation. Certain kinds of indigestible food, calculous 
 bodies, irritating matter of any sort, within the bowels, 
 may cause an inflammation of them. Obstruction of 
 any of their passages whether it be from the lodg- 
 
STOD BOOK. 107 
 
 ment and immovableness of the matters they contain, 
 or from entanglement of the intestines, or intus-sus- 
 ception must in the end occasion inflammation. 
 Over-fatigue, and consequent excessive irritation in 
 the bowels, will bring it on. 
 
 SYMPTOMS, There is some analogy between the 
 symptoms of this disease and colic ; there is, however, 
 one marked feaJure of the case which enables us to 
 diagnose the disease with some degree of certainty, 
 for when inflamation has fairly set in there is little, if 
 any, remission of pain ; whereas, in colic, the pains 
 are of a spasmodic character, so that the animal at 
 times is quite easy. The pulse, in inflammation of 
 the bowels, is small, firm, and quick, increasing in 
 beat as the disease increases in intensity, 
 
 "The next stage borders on delirium. The eye 
 acquires a wild, haggard, unnatural stare the pupil 
 dilates his heedless and dreadful throes render 
 approach to him quite perilous. He is an object not 
 only of compassion but of apprehension, and seems 
 fast hurrying to his end; when, all at once, in the 
 
108 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 midst of agonizing torments, he stands quiet, as 
 though every pain had left him, and he were going to 
 recover. His breathing becomes tranquilized his 
 pulse sunk beyond all conception his body bedewed 
 with a cold, clammy sweat he is in a tremor from 
 head to foot, and about the legs and ears has even a 
 death-like feel. The mouth feels deadly chill, the lips 
 drop pendulous, and the eye seems unconscious of 
 objects: in fine, death, not recovery, is at hand. 
 Mortification has seized the inflamed bowel pain can 
 no longer be felt in that which, a few minutes ago, 
 was the seat of exquisite suffering. He again becomes 
 convulsed, and in a few more struggles, less violent 
 than the former, he expires." 
 
 TREATMENT. The treatment should be prompt and 
 energetic. The first and most powerful means of cure 
 will be bleeding. From six to eight quarts of blood 
 should be abstracted as soon as possible ; and the 
 bleeding repeated if the pain is not relieved and the 
 pulse has not become rounder and fuller. Weakness 
 is the consequence of the violent inflammation of 
 
STUD BOOK 109 
 
 these parts, and if that inflammation is subdued by 
 the loss of blood the weakness will disappear. The 
 bleeding should be effected on the first appearance of 
 the disease. 
 
 A strong solution of aloes should immediately 
 follow the bleeding, but guarded by opium. This 
 should be quickly followed by back-raking, and 
 ejections consisting of warm water, or very thin gruel, 
 in which Epsom salts or aloes have been dissolved ; 
 and too much fluid can scarcely be thrown up. If the 
 common ox-bladder and pipe is used, it should be 
 frequently replenished. The horse should likewise be 
 encouraged to drink plentifully of warm water or thin 
 gruel; and draughts, each containing a couple of 
 drachms of dissolved aloes, with a little opium, should 
 be given every six hours, until the bowels are freely 
 opened. 
 
 Dr. Dadd recommends a method of treatment quite 
 different from the above. He is very much opposed 
 to blood-letting in all cases. That bleeding is effica- 
 cious in this and other diseases is certain, but we are 
 
110 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 not certain that the same results cannot be attained 
 by milder and other remedies. There has leen a 
 reform, of late years, in the human practice with good 
 results, and why cannot the same ends be accomplished 
 in the veterinary practice ? We would recommend a 
 careful perusal of Dr. Dadd, in "Modern Horse 
 Doctor," on this disease. 
 
 COLIC. 
 
 In nine cases out of ten, colic is the result of 
 impaired digestive organs. The drinking of cold water 
 when the horse is heated is a very sure origin of 
 violent spasm in the horse. Hard water is very apt 
 to produce this effect. Colic will sometimes follow 
 the exposure of a horse to the cold air or a cold wind 
 after strong exercise. Green feed, although, generally 
 speaking, most beneficial to the horse, yet, given in 
 too large a quantity, or when he is hot, will frequently 
 produce gripes. Doses of aloes, both large and small, 
 are not unfYequent causes of colic. 
 
STUD BOOK. Ill 
 
 SYMPTOMS. It is of much importance to distinguish 
 between spasmodic colic and inflammation of the 
 bowels, for the symptoms have considerable resem- 
 blance, although the mode of treatment should be very 
 different. 
 
 The attack of colic is usually very sudden. The 
 horse begins to shift his posture, look around at his 
 flanks, paw violently, strike his belly with his feet, 
 and crouch in a peculiar manner, advancing his hind 
 limbs under him ; he will then suddenly lie, or, rather 
 fall down, and balance himself upon his back, with his 
 feet resting on his belly. The pain now seems to 
 cease for a little while, and he gets up and shakes him- 
 self, and begins to feed ; the respite, however, is but 
 short, the spasm returns more violently every indica- 
 tion of pain is increased he heaves at the flanks, 
 breaks out into a profuse perspiration, and throws 
 himself more recklessly about. In the space of an 
 hour or two, either the spasms begins to relax, and the 
 remissions are of longer duration, or the torture is 
 augmented at every paroxysm ; the intervals of ease 
 
112 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 are fewer and less marked, and inflammation and death 
 supervene. The pulse is but little affected at the 
 commencement, but it soon becomes frequent and 
 contracted, and at length is scarcely perceptible. 
 
 TREATMENT. Take powdered grains of paradise, 
 1 tea-spoonful ; powdered caraway, i tea- spoonful ; oil 
 of peppermint, 20 drops; powdered slippery elm, 1 
 table-spoonful; hot water, 1 pint; mixed together and 
 given from a bottle. An injection of common soap- 
 suds thrown into the rectum. Peppermint tea alone 
 will sometimes afford relief and a perfect cure. Sale- 
 ratus is a favorite remedy with many, but it should not 
 be mixed with milk or molasses, as is often done. 
 
 If the animal labors under pyloric obstruction, the 
 following is a good preparation : Carbonate ammonia, 
 1 drachm ; tincture of ginger, 1 ounce ; water, 1 pint. 
 Mix, and drench the horse. 
 
 SCOURS AND CONSTIPATION IN COLTS. 
 
 The principal cause of this disease is the want of 
 proper management of the mother. It is a law of 
 
STUD BOOK. 113 
 
 nature, that whatever affects the bowels of the mother 
 will also affect the colt through the milk it derives, 
 though more seriously ; for the colt must now, and 
 until it be able to masticate food, depend altogether on 
 the parent's milk, and the latter cannot furnish it in 
 sufficient quantities unless kept on generous food. 
 
 TREATMENT. Our first duty is to attend to the 
 wants of the mother establish her health if it be 
 impaired. 
 
 Stock raisers might learn a lesson front nurses who 
 attend human parturients they give the old-fashioned 
 dose of castor oil understandingly, knowing from long 
 experience that it operates both on the mother and 
 child. 
 
 The milk of the mother, immediately after parturi- 
 tion, is the best kind of medicine to regulate the 
 secretions and excretions of the offspring, and it 
 generally has the desired effect. There may, however, 
 be cases where, in consequence of exposure, the foal 
 may have diarrhea, if so, it must be placed in a 
 
 warm situation. Perhaps all that will now be needed 
 H 
 
114 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 for the cure is some warm ginger, or caraway tea ; and 
 a little of either of these simple articles pulverized, 
 may, with advantage, be given to the mother in her 
 food. If the mother is fat, and has not had sufficient 
 exei cise previous to parturition, we are not to be in a 
 hurry to stop the discharge, but merely to hold it in 
 check. If in poor condition, and still losing flesh, 
 then, in addition, give of tonic, and give freely of 
 gruel made of wheat flour; and while it continues 
 the foal should not depend altogether on his dam for 
 sustenance, but might have a daily allowance of boiled 
 cow's milk, cooled to about the temperature of milk 
 when drawn. Hay tea, to which a small quantity of 
 cow's milk may be added, is an excellent drink for the 
 young foal in the absence of its mother's milk. Try it, 
 reader, on your calves also, if you have occasion. 
 
 The following astringent drinks for colts is effica- 
 cious, viz. : Angelica root, 1 ounce ; cranesbill, 2 ozs. 
 bayberry bark, i ounce ; African ginger, i ounce. 
 Pour on the above ingredients 2 quarts of boiling 
 water ; set them aside for a few hours. Dose : Half a 
 
STUD BOOK. 115 
 
 pint every four hours until the disease is checked. If 
 the discharges are fetid, add to each dose half a 
 table-spoonful of finely-pulverized charcoal ; and if the 
 foal be weak and in poor condition, allow it hay tea, 
 thickened with oatmeal. 
 
 As regards costiveness, green food and scalded 
 shorts are the antidotes, and the mother will partake of 
 either with relish. Some of the former, if the season 
 permits, should be cut and placed before her soon after 
 labor. If the articles fail to have the desired effect, a 
 dose of aperient medicine caster oil, or salts should 
 be given. 
 
 DIARRHCEA. 
 
 This is quite a common disease among horses. 
 There is a kind, however, among grass eaters, that is 
 beneficial rather than otherwise, if it does not continue 
 for any length of time. Diarrhea is the effect of an 
 irritable or congested state of the muscous membrane 
 of the intestines ; often produced by improper articles, 
 or over-doses of physic, by over-exertion and perspi- 
 ration suddenly checked by exposure to cold winds, <fcc. 
 

 116 OBAJfGE COUNTY 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The symptoms are he frequently looks 
 ronnd at his flanks, his breathing is laborious, and the 
 pulse is quick and small ; . the mouth is hot, and the 
 legs and ears are warm. 
 
 TREATMENT. If it proceeds from the feed, change 
 of diet will generally be sufficient. Unless the purging 
 is excessive, and the pain and distress great, the 
 surgeon should hesitate at giving any astringent 
 medicine at first ; but administer gruel, thin starch, or 
 arrowroot, by the mouth and by clyster, and remove 
 all hay and corn, and particularly green feed. If, 
 however, twelve hours have passed, and the purging 
 and the pain are undiminished, continue the gruel, 
 adding to it chalk, catechu, and opium, repeated every 
 six hours. As soon as the purging begins to subside, 
 the astringent medicine should be lessened in quantity, 
 and gradually discontinued. The horse should be 
 warmly clothed, and placed in a comfortable stable, 
 and his legs should be hand-rubbed and bandaged. 
 Bayberry bark and charcoal are powerful astringents. 
 
 If the disease depends upon deranged digestive 
 
STUD BOOK. 117 
 
 function, the liver included, give a few doses of the 
 following : Powdered goldenseal, 2 ounces ; powdered 
 ginger, 1 ounce; salt, 1 ounce. Dose, half an ounce 
 twice a day. 
 
 INDIGESTION. 
 
 The causes of indigestion are numerous too little 
 or too much of food, water, or work ; bad ventilation, 
 exposure, poisons, damaged or highly nutritious 
 food, or working the animal on a full stomach, are all 
 operative in producing indigestion in acute or chronic 
 forms. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The excrement is very variable in color 
 and consistence, often hard and covered with slime ; 
 at other times soft, when the presence of intestinal 
 parasites can be detected. The urine is scanty, and 
 either colored or thickened with foreign material. The 
 animal is generally cross and irritable, and leaves the 
 stable at working-time very unwillingly. He requires 
 considerable urging while travelling, and, of course, is 
 incapacitated to perform his usual work. 
 
 TREATMENT. First, if possible, remove the cause. 
 
118 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 If the animal has been fed on dry food, let him have a 
 mixture of boiled oats, shorts, and carrots, well 
 seasoned with salt, to which add daily half a table- 
 spoonful of white mustard-seed ; i pint of pale brandy 
 to 4 ounces of fine salt dose, a wine-glass, in oatmeal 
 gruel, night and morning, just before meals. The 
 animal must not be permitted to spend half his time 
 eating. Attention must also be paid to the water 
 which the animal drinks. Throw a handful of pul- 
 verized charcoal, daily, into the water-trough. This 
 will improve the very worst kind. 
 
 WARTS, 
 
 These excrescences, arising from the cuticular 
 covering of the skin, are sometimes very annoying to 
 horses, especially when occurring about the eye, 
 sheath, penis, or on parts which come in contact with 
 the harness. 
 
 TREATMENT, A wart having a broad base should be 
 treated in the following manner: Take a common 
 suture needle, and arm it with a double ligature each 
 
ORANGE OOUNTT 119 
 
 ligature is to be composed of three threads of saddler's 
 twine, well waxed; pass the needle through the 
 centre of the wart, close down to the skin ; tie each 
 half separately with a surgeons fool, as tight as possible ; 
 cut the end off pretty close to the knot, and in the 
 course of a short time the whole will drop off. A 
 wart having a small circumscribed pedicel may be 
 removed in the same way, by tying a single ligature 
 round its base. If the exposed surface should not 
 heal readily, moisten it occasionally with tincture of 
 aloes and myrrh ; and if they show a disposition to 
 ulcerate, sprinkle them with powdered charcoal and 
 blood-root, equal parts. Warts about the sheath or 
 penis should be removed by incision. To do this, we 
 often have to cast the animal the consequent hemor- 
 rhage to be arrested with tincture of muriate of iron, 
 or styptic. 
 
 SLOBBERING. 
 
 This complaint is quite common in rural districts, 
 where clover is used as a pasture. Lobelia or tobacco 
 will produce the same results. This is caused by 
 
120 OliANGE COUNTY 
 
 irritation, the article coming in direct contact with 
 highly sensitive secretary surfaces, which always pour 
 out their fluids on the application of an irritant, so 
 long as it remains an irritant, and provided the parts 
 retain their normal sensibility, or through the medium 
 of absorbents ; thus, calomel will cause the salivatory 
 gland to secrete and pour forth an amount of fluid 
 almost incredible. 'A horse will secrete more than one 
 and a half gallons of fluid per hour. The sharp edges 
 of a worn-down tooth, or a tooth in a state of ulcera- 
 tion, may give rise to profuse salivation ; then again, 
 a rough bit, and a hard master, may be set down 
 among the direct causes of this complaint. Indifferent 
 fodder of any kind, and impaired digestive organs, are 
 apt to produce augmented salivary secretion. 
 
 TREATMENT. The causes should be sought for, and, 
 if practicable, removed. This may of itself produce 
 relief. If the trouble can be traced to a carous tooth, 
 let it be extracted ; or should the edges of a tooth 
 irritate the inside of the cheek, apply the tooth-rasp, 
 and make all smooth. If any irritation exists about 
 
STUD BOOK. . 121 
 
 the glands of the throat and mouth, apply a stimula- 
 ting application to them, composed of hartshorn and 
 olive oil. If something noxious in the food, give the 
 following : 
 
 Powdered bayberry bark, powdered myrrh, pow- 
 dered goldenseal, powdered ginger, powdered sulphur, 
 of each 1 ounce. Mix, divide the mass into eight 
 parts, arid mix one in fine feed ; or gargles, composed 
 of decoction of witch hazel, bayberry bark, tincture 
 gum catechu, and a solution of alum, either of which 
 is good, when an astringent is indicated. 
 
 No. 2. Mix a table-spoonful of sulphur in salt, give 
 once or twice a week. 
 
 No 3. Burdock leaves are said to effect a cure. 
 Horses will not eat them only when they are troubled 
 with slobbers, and thus eradicate two evils at one time. 
 
 SPAVIN. 
 
 This is a very common and formidable disease of the 
 hock, and we have but little to offer by way of cure, 
 and the majority of oases may be pronounced in- 
 
122 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 curable ; the lameness may be in part or entirely cured, 
 but the spavin cannot be radically removed. The 
 principal cause of the disease may be found in breed- 
 ing from old, broken down, spavin mares and worthless 
 studs ; but the exciting or immediate cause is strain, 
 injury, over-work, &c. 
 
 The weight and concussion being thrown principally 
 on the inner splent-bone, produce inflammation of the 
 cartilagenous substance that unites it to the fchank- 
 bone. In consequence of it, the cartilage is absorbed 
 and bone deposited ; the union between the splent- 
 bone and the shank becomes bony, instead of cartila- 
 genous ; the degree of elastic action between them is 
 destroyed, and there is formed a splent of the hind 
 leg. The disposition to form bony matter having 
 commenced, bone continues to be deposited, and it 
 generally appears in the form of a tumor, where the 
 head of the splent-bone is united with the shank, and 
 in front of that union. This is called bone spavin. 
 Inflammation of the ligaments of any of the small 
 bones of the hock, proceeding to bony tumor, would 
 
STUD BOOK. 
 
 equally class under the name of spavin ; but, com- 
 monly, the disease commences on the precise spot that 
 has been described. 
 
 . SYMPTOMS. While spavin is forming there is gene- 
 rally lameness, and sometimes very great, but not 
 entirely to unfit him for work. The lameness 
 sometimes abates and entirely disappears, by a little 
 exercise; but when the membrane of the bone has 
 accommodated itself to the tumor that extended it, 
 lameness subsides or disappears, or depends upon the 
 degree which the bony deposit interfered with the 
 motion of the joint. Sometimes there is no tumor ; 
 then, if a sort of regular lameness has existed for some 
 months, referable to no other joint than the hock, and 
 the difficulty has of late gradually increased, so that 
 the joint appears stiff, the critter is there, after which 
 we may expect to observe a tumor on the inside of 
 the hock. A tumor once formed in the region already 
 referred to needs no wise man to point it out ; it can 
 be both seen and felt; and this, accompanied with 
 
124 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 hock lameness and ligamentary tumefaction, is the 
 symptom of spavin in its exostotic stage. 
 
 TREATMENT. The remedy in the early stage, cold 
 water and refrigerated lotions; in the latter stages, 
 strong infusion of bayberry bark; and lastly, brandy 
 and salt, perseveringly applied. Congestion may be 
 treated in the same manner, aided by friction. 
 
 The horse, as soon as the lameness or dry signs of 
 the disease are perceptible, should have rest, and 
 cooling applications should be applied. Dr. Dadd says 
 Our usual remedy in the early stage is muriatic 
 acid, 4 ounces; water, 2 quarts; tincture of blood- 
 root, 6 ounces ; applied daily by means of a sponge as 
 follows: Take a piece of sponge, slightly concave, 
 corresponding, as nearly as possible, to the form and 
 size of the hook ; by means of a few stitches, affix two 
 pieces of tape, or linen, so as to form an X ; each piece 
 must be long enough to encircle the joint two or three 
 times. After dipping the sponge in the mixture, it 
 must be applied to the inside of the hock, and there 
 secured, and afterwards kept constantly moist. Dr, 
 
STUD BOOK. 125 
 
 Spoon er says If any external inflammation is present 
 we cannot do better than commence by abstracting 
 blood from the vein above, and use cooling applications 
 to the hock, after which we may resort to the blister, 
 or seton. 
 
 RINGBONE. 
 
 Ringbone is a deposit of bony matter in one of the 
 pasterns, and usually near the joint. It rapidly 
 spreads, and involves not only the pastern-bones, but 
 the cartilages of the foot, and spreading around the 
 pasterns and cartilages, thus derives its name. Ring- 
 bone is sometimes hereditary; though it is usually 
 occasioned by a strain taken in curvetting, bounding 
 turns, and violent galloping or racing. A coarse or 
 half-bred, fleshy, or bony-legged horse, with short and 
 upright pasterns, is the ordinary subject of this disease. 
 
 The Treatment will be similar to spavin. In reality 
 there is no cure, but the lameness may be in a great 
 measure removed by cooling applications, cold water 
 bandage, liniments, and, above all, give the horse rest 
 
 Prof. Spooner says The best treatment for ring- 
 
126 STUB BOOK. 
 
 bones after the inflammation has been in great measure 
 removed by cooling applications, is to well rub in the 
 iodine of mercury ointment, washing off the effects on 
 the following day, and thus repeating it again and 
 again. We have by such means succeeded in removing 
 the lameness, diminishing the enlargement, and restor- 
 ing the animal, in many cases, to a state of usefulness. 
 
 FOUNDER, OR ACUTE RHEUMATISM. 
 
 This is a very common disease among horses. 
 Founder is produced by driving a horse, when in a 
 state of perspiration, into a pond, exposing him to cold 
 wind or rain, or tying him up in the stable yard while 
 the hostler washes his legs or thighs, and sometimes 
 his body ; but excessive exertion alone will, and often 
 does, produce every kind of founder. 
 
 SYMPTOMS, The earliest symptoms of fever in the 
 feet are fidgetyness frequent shifting of the forelegs. 
 The pulse is quickened, the flanks heaving, the nos- 
 trils red, and the horse, by his anxious countenance 
 and possibly moaning, indicates great pain. He 
 
STUD BOOK. 127 
 
 looks about as if preparing to lie down, he continues 
 to shift his weight from foot to foot, he is afraid to 
 draw his feet sufficiently under him for the purpose of 
 lying down, but at length he drops. His quietness 
 when down will distinguish it from colic or inflamma- 
 tion of the bowels, in both of which the horse is up 
 and down, and frequently rolling and kicking when 
 down. When the grievance is in the feet, the horse 
 experiences so much relief from getting rid of the 
 weight that he is glad to lie as long as he -can. He 
 will, likewise, as clearly as in inflammation of the lungs 
 or bowels, point out the seat of disease by looking at 
 the part. His muzzle will often rest on the feet or the 
 affected foot. 
 
 The feet will be found hot. The patient will express 
 pain if they are slightly rapped with a hammer, and 
 the artery at the pastern will throb violently. If the 
 disease is suffered to pursue its course, he will be 
 perfectly unable to rise ; or, if he is forced to get up, 
 and one foot is lilted, he will stand with difficulty on 
 the others, or perhaps drop at once from intense pain. 
 
128 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 TREATMENT. Youatt says, bleeding is indispensable. 
 If the disease is confined to the fore feet, four quarts 
 of blood should be taken as soon as possible from the 
 toe of each, care being taken to open the artery as 
 well as the vein. The feet may likewise be put into 
 warm water, to quicken the flow of the blood and 
 increase the quantity abstracted. Poultices of linseed 
 meal, made very soft, should cover the whole of the 
 foot and pastern, and be frequently renewed. The 
 shoe should be removed, the sole pared as thin as 
 possible, and the crust, and particularly the quarters, 
 well rasped. This must be done gently, and with a 
 great deal of patience. Sedative and cooling medi- 
 cines should be diligently administered, consisting of 
 digitalis, nitre, and emetic tartar. About the third 
 day a blister may be tried, taking in the whole of the 
 pastern and the coronet, and washed off the following 
 day, and repeated several times. The horse should be 
 kept on mash diet, unless green meat can be procured, 
 and that should not be given too liberally. Linseed 
 tea, and water acidulated with cream of tartar, form 
 
STUD BOOK. 129 
 
 the best drink for patients. When the season will 
 permit, two months' run at grass wll be serviceable. 
 
 CHRONIC FOUNDER. 
 
 The principal difference between this and the acute 
 disease lies in the less activity of the attack and 
 inflammatory fever, and the indefinite duration of the 
 symptoms ; the lameness is not persistent, but goes off 
 after exercise, and returns again while the animal is at 
 rest. 
 
 The treatment should be similar to that recom- 
 mended for the acute disease blood-letting, poultices, 
 fomentations, and blisters, and the last much sooner 
 and much more frequently than in the former disease. 
 
 CRAMP. 
 
 This is a sudden, involuntary, and painful spasm of 
 a particular muscle. It occasionally attacks the 
 muscles of organic life, but in its most common form 
 only affects the hind extremities, where it is observed 
 by the temporary lameness and stiffness it produces in 
 
 tke hardly worked horse, as he is first led out of the 
 
 i 
 
130 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 stable in the morning. If any lameness remains, which 
 can be ascertained by pressing the parts, it should be 
 removed by hard rubbing, or by giving the horse a 
 wider or more comfortable stall, if that should appear 
 to be the origin of the difficulty. 
 
 SWELLED LEGS. 
 
 If it occurs in young horses, and from those that are 
 over-fed and little exercised, sometimes diuretics or 
 purgatives, with proper management will afford relief, 
 if there is a great degree of stiffness and pain some- 
 times abscesses appear. Physic or diuretics, or both, 
 must be had recourse to, it not connected with dis- 
 eases and general debility. Mix cordial with diuretics. 
 Hay bandages, dipped in water, have a good effect for 
 the agricultural horse, 
 
 SCRATCHES. 
 
 Swelled legs, although distinct from grease, is a 
 disease that is apt to degenerate into it. Scratches is 
 a specific inflammation of the skin and heels, some- 
 times of the fore feet, but oftener of the hinder ones. 
 
- STUD BOOK. 131 
 
 The principal cause of the disease is neglected groom- 
 ing and care, want of exercise, high feeding, washing 
 the feet and leaving them to dry. The prevention 
 will be proper ventilation, good stabling, grooming, 
 and proper care. It is more likely to affect horses 
 with white feet than others. Some consider the dis- 
 contagious. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The first is heat and tenderness on 
 applying the hand to the heel and fetlock, the parts 
 will be found hot, and under pressure the animal will 
 evince signs of pain. As the disease progresses, the 
 parts become swolen infiltrated with serum thus 
 increasing the inflammatory symptoms, and causing 
 the animal much pain, which he usually evinces by 
 occasionally catching up the foot. The hairs stand out 
 horizontally. When the disease attacks both hind 
 legs, the pain is sometimes intense, especially if the 
 horse be plethoric, or his system is charged with mor- 
 bid humors. In the latter case, the greasy discharge 
 is very profuse ; for the pent-up waste matters have 
 
182 OKANGE COUNTY 
 
 now found an outlet, which admit of a free discharge 
 of the fluids of the body. 
 
 TREATMENT. Attention must first be paid to diet, 
 ventilation, and cleanliness. The heels should be 
 gently washed with Castile soap and water, and oint- 
 ment applied in more advanced cases. Poultice with 
 linseed meal or carrots, boiled and mashed, may be 
 applied, adding a little astringent lotion to renew the 
 irritation and check the discharge. Give the cleansing 
 powder. The following will also be found beneficial, 
 which has been highly recommended, by Prof. Norton 
 and others : Pyroligneous acid, linseed oil, turpentine, 
 of each equal parts. Mix. First wash with water and 
 Oastile soap ; after wiping them dry, apply the mix- 
 ture. Repeat night and morning. In order to keep 
 down " proud flesh," the parts may be sprinkled daily 
 with burnt alum. Put on a good coating, cover the 
 ore with dry lint, and apply a bandage over all. 
 Bandages should always be dispensed with if possible. 
 
STDD BOOK. 133 
 
 POULTRY LOUSINESS. 
 
 Horses frequently become infected with lice from 
 poultry having the roosting place adjoining the stalls. 
 When this is discovered the preventive will be to 
 remove the roosting place, and scald and whitewash 
 the stable. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The horse is seized with violent itching, 
 shows a disposition to rub and bite himself, strike his 
 belly, is not easy for a moment. At night his torment 
 increases. After this his skin loosens, and his hair and 
 mane sometimes break out with eruptions. 
 
 TREATMENT. In order to destroy the vermin, and, 
 at the same time, to cure the cutaneous eruptions and 
 restore the hair, take linseed oil, 1 ounce; pyrolig- 
 neous acid, 3 ounces ; spirits of turpentine, 1 ounce. 
 Two or three applications of this compound will gene- 
 rally suffice. The parts to which the application has 
 been made must be washed with soap and water. The 
 vermin can also be destroyed by sponging the bodv 
 with an infusion of lobelia. 
 
134 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 HIDE-BOUND. 
 
 This term is applied to horses whose coat is staring, 
 and skin tight on the ribs, and otherwise out of con- 
 dition. It is not so much of a disease as a symptom 
 of a disease, particularly of the digestive organs. 
 Every disease that can affect the general system may 
 produce this. Glanders, scratches, chronic cough, 
 farcy founder, are accompanied by hide-bound. Diet 
 too sparing, or want of change in diet, is an unfailing 
 source of it. If the cause is removed, the effect will 
 follow. 
 
 TREATMENT. If no disease appears ab<3ut the horse, 
 change the diet, clothe the body warmly, give a few 
 mashes and a mild physic, or give alteratives ; and 
 there is none better than that which is in common use 
 pulverized antimony, nitre, and sulphur. Should 
 the horse not feed well, and there is no fever, a slight 
 tonic may be given of ginger. Friction may be used 
 to advantage. 
 
STUD BOOK. 135 
 
 A LIST OP THE 
 
 MEDICINES AND RECIPES 
 
 USED IN THS 
 TREATMENT OP THE DISEASES OP THB HOBSB. 
 
 VINEGAR is a very useful application for sprains and bruises. Equal 
 parts of boiling water and cold vinegar will form a good fomentation. 
 
 SPIRIT OF SALT. This acid Is formed by the action of sulphuric add on 
 common salt. It U decidedly the best liquid caustic we have. For corns, 
 canker, Indisposition in the sole to secrete good horn, wounds In the foot 
 not attended by healthy action. 
 
 NITRIC ACID. This is a valuable external application. It Is both a 
 caustic and an anti-septic. It destroys fungous excrescences. 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID, OR On. OP VITRIOL. When mixed with tar, an ounce 
 to the pound, it is a good application for the thrush and canker. A smaller 
 quantity, mixed with olive oil, makes a good stimulating liniment. 
 
 ALOES, There are two kinds used In horse practice, the Barbadoes and 
 the Cape. The Barbadoes aloes have a greater purgative power than the 
 Cape, exclusive of griping less and being safer, and the action of the 
 bowels Is kept up longer. 
 
 ALUM is used internally in cases of over-purging, in the form ot alum 
 whey two drachms of the powder being added to a pint of hot milk. Its 
 principal use is external. A solution of two drachms to a pint of water, 
 forms alone, or with the addition of a small quantity of white vitriol, a 
 very useful wash for cracked heels, and lor grease generally ; and also for 
 those forms of swelled legs attended with exudation of moisture through 
 tbesttn. 
 
136 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 ANODYNES. Opium is the only drug that will lull pain. It may be given 
 as an anodyne, but it will also be an astringent in doses of 1, 2, or 3 
 drachms. 
 
 CAMPHOR. It diminishes the frequency of the pulse, and softens Its 
 tone. When long exhibited, it acts on the kidneys. Externally applied, 
 it is said to be a discutient and an anodyne for chronic sprains, brakes, 
 and tumors. 
 
 SPANISH FLIES are the basis of the most approved and useful veterinary 
 blisters. An infusion of 2 ounces of the flies in a pint of oil of turpentine 
 for several dajs, is occasionally used as a liquid blister; and when suffici- 
 ently lowered with common oil, it is called a sweating oil. They have 
 been recommended for the cure of glanders. The dose is from 6 to 8 gr's 
 given daily, but withheld for a day or two when diuresis supervenes. 
 
 GUINEA PEPPER. They are valuable as stimulants. Their beneficial 
 effect in cases of cold has seldom been properly estimated. The dose is 
 from a scruple to half a drachm. 
 
 CARAWAY SEEDS. These and ginger, alone and combined, are the best 
 stimulants used in horse practice. 
 
 CASTOR OIL is an expensive medicine. It must be given in large doses, 
 
 JAPAN EARTH is a very useful astringent. It is given in over-purging, 
 In doses of 1 or 2 drachms, with opium. 
 
 CHARCOAL is occasionally used as an anti-septic, being made into aponlr 
 tice with linseed meal, and applied to foul and offensive ulcers, and to 
 cracked heels. 
 
 VERDIGRIS is usually applied externally as a mild caustic. Either alone, 
 in the form of fine powder, or mixed with an equal quantity of the sugar 
 of lead, it eats down proud flesh, or stimulates old ulcers to healthy 
 action. When boiled with honey and vinegar, it constitutes the farrier's 
 Egyptiacum, certainly of benefit in cankered or ulcerated mouth, and no 
 bad application for thrushes. 
 
 BLUE VITRIOL. It is a favorite tonic with many practitioners. It is 
 principally valuable as an external application, dissolved in water, in the 
 proportion of 2 drachms to a pint ; acting as a gentle stimulant. If an 
 ounce is dissolved in the same quantity of water, it becomes a mild 
 caustic. In the former proportion it rouses old ulcers to a healthy action, 
 and disposes even recent wounds to heal more quickly than they other- 
 wise would do; and in the latter it removes fungous granulations or 
 proud flesh. It is also a good application for. canker in the foot. 
 
STUD BOOK. 137 
 
 CREOSOTE is much valued on account of its anti-septic properties and In 
 stopping hermorrhages. It is both a stimulant and a tonic. In an undi- 
 luted state it acts as a caustic. In the form of a lotion, a liniment, or 
 an ointment, it has been useful in farcy and glanders, also in foot-rot, 
 canker, and thrush. As a caustic, it acts as a powerful stimulant. 
 
 DIGITALIS FOXGLOVE. The leaves of the common foxglove, gathered 
 about the flowering time, dried carefully in a dark place, and powdered, 
 and kept in a close, black bottle, form one of the most valuable medicines 
 in veterinary practice. It is a direct and powerful sedative, diminishing 
 the frequency of the pulse, and the general irritability of the system, and 
 acting also as a mild diuretic ; it is, therefore useful in every Inflamma- 
 tory and febrile complaint, and particularly in inflammation of the chest. 
 It is usually given in combination with emetic tartar and nitre. The ave- 
 rage dose is 1 drachm of digitalis, 1# of emetic tartar, and 3 of nitre, 
 repeated twice or thrice in a day. 
 
 DIURETICS constitute a useful class of medicines. They stimulate the 
 kidneys to secrete more than the usual quantity of urine, or to separate a 
 greater than ordinary proportion of the watery parts of the blood. 
 
 In swelled legs, cracks, grease, or accumulation of fluid in any part, 
 and in those superficial eruptions and inflammations which are said to be 
 produced by humors floating in the blood, diuretics are evidently bene- 
 ficial ; but they should be as mild as possible, and not of tener given or 
 continued longer than the case requires, 
 
 GENTIAN stands at the head of the vegetable tonics, and is a stomachic 
 as well as a tonic. 4 drachms of gentian, 2 of camomile, 1 of carbonate of 
 iron, and 1 of ginger, will make an excellent tonic ball. An infusion of 
 gentian is one of the best applications to putrid ulcers, 
 
 GINGER is as valuable as a cordial as gentian is as a tonic. It is the basis 
 of the cordial ball, and it indispensable in the tonic ball. 
 
 HELEBOHE (BLACK). This is used mostly as a Ipcal application, and as 
 sueh it is a very powerful stimulant. 
 
 INJECTIONS. See clysters. 
 
 IODINE. This is one of the most valuable drugs used in the veterinary 
 practice. It is used in reducing every species of tumors. It is used In 
 various forms. Iodine of potassium is best administered internally, as a 
 promoter of absorption. Combined with the sulphate of copper, it forms 
 a powerful and useful tonic ; whilst in the form of iodine of mercury, and 
 combined with lard or palm oil, it becomes a powerful blister, and a use- 
 ful promoter of absorption. 
 
138 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LIMB is exceedingly valuable. Diluted with twenty times 
 Its quantity of water, it helps to form the poultice applied to offensive 
 discharges. The foetid smell of flstulous withers, poll-evil, cauker, and 
 Ill-conditioned wounds, la Immediately removed, and the ulcers are more 
 disposed to heal. 
 
 LINSEED is often used instead of water for the drink of the horse with 
 sore throat or cartarrh, or disease of the urinary organs, or of the bowels. 
 
 MASHES constitute a very Important part of horse provender, whether 
 in sickness or health. 
 
 MUSTARD SINAPIS. This will be found useful if, in inflammation of the 
 chest or bowels, it is well rubbed on the chest or abdomen. 
 
 NITROUS ETHER (SPIKIT OF) is a very useful medicine in the advanced 
 stages cf fever, 
 
 OPIUM, however under-rated by some, is a valuable drug ; but it is a 
 powerful anti-spasmodic, sedative, and astringent. 
 
 PALM OIL is the very best substance that can beusedjfor making masses 
 and balls. 
 
 PITCH, The best plaster for sand-crack consists of 1 pound of pitch and 
 an ounce of yellow beeswax melted together. 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH (NITRE) is a valuable cooling medicine and a mild 
 diuretic, and, therefore, it should enter into the composition of every 
 fever ball. Dose is from 2 to 4 drachms. 
 
 POULTICES. Few horsemen are aware of the value of these simple ap- 
 plications in abating inflammation, relieving pain, cleansing wounds, and 
 disposing them to heal. Linseed meal forms the best general poultice, 
 because it longest retains the moisture. 
 
 SEDATIVES are medicines that subdue irritation, repress spasmodic 
 action, or deaden pain. Digitalis, hellebore, opium, turpentine, are 
 medicines of this kind. 
 
 SUGAR OF LEAD. See under lead. 
 
 SULPHUR. It is an excellent alterative, combined usually with anti- 
 mony and nitre, and particularly for mange, surfeit, grease, hide-bound, 
 or want of condition ; and it is a useful ingredient in the cough and fever 
 balL 
 
 TAR, melted with an equal quantity of grease, forms a good stopping of 
 the farrier. But its principal virtue seem to consist In preventing the 
 penetration of dirt and water to the wounded part ; and it Is used wltli 
 
STUD BOOK 139 
 
 the usual cough medicine, and in doses of 2 or 3 drachms for chronio 
 cough, 
 
 TURPENTINE is one of the best diuretics, in doses of half an ounce, and 
 made into a ball with linseed meal and powdered ginger. The oil of tur- 
 pentine is an excellent anti-spasmodic. For the removal of colic It stands 
 unrivalled. 
 
 ZINC (CALAMINB POWDKR). Five parts of lard and one of resin are 
 melted together, and when these begin to get cool, two parts of the cala- 
 mine, reduced to an impalpable powder, are stirred in. If the wound is 
 not healthy, a small quantity of common turpentine may be added. This 
 talve justly deserves the name which it has gained "The Healing Oint- 
 nent." The calaraine is sometimes sprinkled with advantage on cracked 
 aeels and superficial sores. 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 LINIMENT. Two ounces oil of spike, 2 do. origanum, 2 do. 
 iem ock, 2 do. wormwood, 4 do. sweet oil, 2 do. spts. ammonia, 2 do. gum 
 camphor, 2 do. si ts. turpentine, and 1 quart of proof spirits 95 per cent. 
 Hix well together, and bottle tight. 
 
 For sprains, bruises, lameness, Ac., Ao., the above liniment cannot be 
 equalled, and is actually worth $100 to any person keeping valuable 
 aorses. Omit the turpentine, and you have the best liniment ever made 
 /or human ails, such as rheumatism, sprains, &c. Whenever an outward 
 Application is required, try it, and prove its virtues. It acts like magic. 
 
 RHEUMATIC LINIMENT. Take alcohol, # pint ; oil of origanum, # oz. ; 
 cayenne, % oz. ; gum myrrh, X oz. ; 1 tea-spoonful of lobelia, and let at 
 stand one day, then bathe the part affected. We paid 85 for this recipe. 
 
 RELIEF LINIMENT. Take # Pint linseed oil, add # Pint spts. turpentine, 
 1 oz. origanum, and 1 oz. oil of vitriol ; an excellent liniment for rheuma- 
 tism, sprains, bruises, Ac. Try and prove It. 
 
 CHLOROFORM LLNLMENT. For relieving suffering in case of burns, Ac. 
 Ml* chloroform and cod-liver oil. 
 
 SOAP LINIMENT. Take 1 oz. origanum, 1 oz. Castile soap, 1 pint alcouoU 
 For swellings, Ac. 
 
140 CHANGE COUNTT 
 
 GENERAL LINIMENT. Turpentine, one half-pint: linseed oil, one half- 
 pint;; aquamonla, 4 oz. ; tr. of iodine, 1. Shake it all well. This Is used 
 for different things spoken of In the different receipts, sores or swellings, 
 sprains, Ac. 
 
 BLACK LINIMENT. This Is good to apply on poll-evil fistula. Take of 
 linseed oil, # pint; tr. of iodine, 3 oz. ; turpentine, 4 oz. ; oil of origanum, 
 1 oz. Shake all well, and apply it every day. Rub It in well with your 
 hand. Wash the part clean with soap and water before applying it. This 
 Is good on any swelling. 
 
 JOHNSTON'S LINIMENT. Take oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; alcohol, one half 
 plntt oil of cedar, one half ounce ; oil of cloves, one half ounce ; turpen- 
 tine, one half ounce ; olive oil, 8 ounces. Shake all well. This is used for 
 almost all complaints of the muscles. 
 
 OPODELDOC. Take alcohol, half a gallon ; 2 pounds of Castile soap, 4 
 oz. gum camphor, 2 oz. oil of amber; place the alcohol Into a pot in hot 
 water, shave up the soap, and keep it hot until all dlsolves, and you have 
 the old original opodeldoc. 
 
 GREEN OINTMENT, Take 6 Ibs. lard, put into ten-gallon kettle, add 2 
 gallons of water, cut jimpson-weeds and fill them in and cook them four 
 to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put into jars. Add to 
 each pound of ointment 1 ounce of turpentine. This is a good and cheap 
 stable ointment good for galls, cuts, scratches, Ac. 
 
 SLOAN'S OINTMENT. Take mutton tallow, 4 Ibs. ; beeswax, one half- 
 pound ; resin, one half-pound ; turpentine, 3 oz. Melt over a slow fire, 
 and, when partly cold, add the turpentine, and you have the same oint- 
 ment. Sloan sells to cure everything; try it, and prove its value. 
 
 IODINE OINTMENT. Get 1 oz. of the grease iodine, 1 pint of alcohol. Let 
 this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of iodine. Take 2 
 oz. of tincture and one half-pint of lard, mix well, and you have the 
 Iodine ointment, This is used wherever the receipts refer to the ointment. 
 
 WHITE OINTMENT. For rheumatism, sprains, burns, swellings, bruises, 
 or any inflammation on man or beast, chapped hands or lips,' black eyes, 
 or any kind of bruise. Take fresh butter, 2 Ibs. ; tr. of iodine, half ounce ; 
 oil of origanum, 2 cz. Mix this well for fifteen minutes, and it is fit for 
 use. Apply it every night. Rub it in well with your hand. If for human 
 flesh, lay on warm flannel. 
 
 BLUE OINTMENT. Take the ointment of resin, 4 oz. ; half oz. of finely- 
 ground verdigris, 2 oz. turpentine, 2 Ibs. mutton tallow, half oz. oil of 
 origanum, half oz. tr. of iodine. Mix all well. This is one of the best 
 
STUD BOOK. 141 
 
 medicines that can be made for scratches, hoof-evil, cnts, and la good to 
 apply on fistula after the rowels have been taken out. 
 
 HOOF OINTMENT. Take resin, 4 oz. ; beeswax, 6 oz. ; lard, 2 IDS. Melt 
 together. Pour it into a pot, and 3 oz. of turpentine, 2 oz. of flnely-pow- 
 dered verdigris, 1 Ib. tallow. Stir all until it gets cool. This Is one of the 
 best medicines for the hoof ever used. It is good for corks or bruises of 
 the feet. 
 
 HOOF LIQUID. For tender feet, hoof-bound, Ac. Linseed or neatsfoot 
 oil, half a pint of either; turpentine, 4 oz. ; oil of tar, 6 oz. ; origanum, 3 
 oz. Shake this well and apply it as the directions for the ointment. This 
 la the best, if the horse has been lame long ; it penetrates the hoof sooner 
 than the ointment. Both of them should be applied at night. 
 
 HOOP-EVIL OB THRUSH, GREASE HEBLS. Bleed, and physic, and poul- 
 tice the foot with boiled turnips and some fine-ground charcoal. This 
 must be done at night, for two or three nights ; then wash the foot clean 
 with Castile soap and soft water, and apply the blue ointment every day. 
 Keep the horse on a floor, and he will be well In twelve days. 
 
 HOOF-BOUND, OB TENDER FEET. Never have the feet spread at the 
 heels nor rasped above the nail holes, for It will do the foot an Injury. 
 Follow the directions given here. Use either the hoof ointment or the 
 hoof liquid. Apply it according to directions. For hoof-bound or tender 
 feet, apply It all around the top of the hoof down one inch every third 
 day. If for split hoof apply it every day. First, have a stiff shoe on the 
 foot and cleanse the cut or crack. Never cut or burn for it. 
 
 HOOF An* Apply blue vi&lol, and put on a tarred rag to keep out the 
 dirt. 
 
 No. 2. Wash well with warm soap-suds, wipe dry with a cloth ; then 
 take 2 spoonsful of common table salt, 2 spoonsful of copperas, pulverize; 
 4 spoonsful of soft aoap. Mix well. Spread it upon a thick cloth, apply 
 to the foot, then confine it with a bandage. Let it remain 12 hours, then 
 wash as before. 
 
 HOOF-BOUND. Pare the heel of the hoof till it is as flat and natural as a 
 colt's, then take equal parts pitch pine and butter simmered together and 
 anoint the heel. 
 
 HEAVES. Take 1 Ib. of resin, 1 Ib. of saltpetre, 8 oz. alum, 1 oz. of asa- 
 foetidaj 4 oz. of sulphur. Pulverize and mix. Give 1 tea-spoonful once 
 a day In his feed. This Is also a good medicine for patting a horse In 
 condition. 
 
142 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 PREPARATION FOR GELDING HORSES. Take 2 oz, corrosive sublimate, 
 1 oz. gum kino, 1 oz. red precipitate. 
 
 SPRAIN IN THE STIFLE. Symptoms The horse holds up his foot, moans 
 when moved, swells in the stifle. This js what is called stifling. There is 
 no such thing as this joint jgetting out of place. Cure Bleed 2 gallons, 
 foment the stifle with hot water, rub it dry, then bathe it well with the 
 general liniment every morning and night. Give him a mash and he will 
 be well Never allow any stifle-dhoe or cord on the foot or leg. 
 
 How TO CURE CORNS. Take off the shoe, cut out the corns, ami drop in 
 a few drops of muriatic acid, then make the shoes so as they will not bear 
 on the part affected. Apply the hoof liquid to the hoof to remove the 
 fever. This is a sure treatment. We never knew it to fail 
 
 CORNS. Take the shoe off and give the horse a free run at grass for a 
 few weeks. This will frequently cure. 
 
 FOUNDER IN THE FIRST STAGES Bleed from the neck-vein 2 or 3 gallong 
 or until he falls, then give the following: Half oz. of aloes, 4 drachms of 
 gamboge, half oz. oil of sassafras. Make this Into a pill, give it, and give 
 him all the sassafras tea ha will drink ; turn up his feet, and fill them full 
 of boiling hot lard ; bathe his legs in hot water, and rub them well. This 
 will never fail to cure in 48 hours. 
 
 No. 2. Physic and poultice the feet. 
 
 No. 3. Mix 1 pint of sunflower seed In his food, 
 
 SPAVIN OR RING-BONE. Take 1 pint spts. turpentine, 1 pint of oil spike, 
 4 oz. saltpetre, 4 oz. of alum, 2 oz. oil vitriol. Bathe the part affected 
 thoroughly every other day for one week, and ifthis does not effect a cure 
 continue it longer. This has cured spavins of nine years' standing. This 
 receipt has been used with great success. 
 
 SPAVIN AND RING-BONE MEDICINE. Take of cantharides, 2 oz. ; mercu- 
 rial ointment, 4 oz. ; tr. of iodine, 3 oz. ; turpentine, 4 oz. ; corrosive sub- 
 limate, 3 dractms. Mix all well with 2 Ibs. of lard. Color it If you like. 
 Follow the directions here given. 
 
 If for ring-bone or bone-spavin, cut off the hair from the part affected, 
 and merely grease the lump with the ointment Rub it in well with the 
 n;ited hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in four days wash 
 It off with soap and water, and apply the ointment again, So repeat it 
 every four days. If for wind-galls, or bog-spavin, or curb, apply the oint- 
 ment every six days. This recipe has been sold for $300. 
 
 SPAVIN. Camphor dissolved in spirits of turpentine, applied until the 
 nair starts, 
 
STDD BOOK. 143 
 
 No. 2. Oil vitriol, origanum, cedar oil, Spanish flies, equal parts; 3 oz, 
 turpentine. 
 
 To CURE RINQ-BONE WHEN FIRST COMING, Dissolve one quarter-pound 
 of salt-petre in one quart soft water, and wash with it twice a day. This 
 will stop the growth and lameness, and not remove the hair, 
 
 RING-BONE, Take of spts. turpentine, oil of spite, of eaeh 1 oz. ; bottle 
 and mix well ; then add 1 oz. of oil vitriol. Bathe the diseased part well 
 for three days, and drive It in by the application of a hot iron ; then sus- 
 pend it for three days to prevent the part becoming too sore, then apply 
 the remedy again. The sore should be treated with lard or ointment 
 This will cure the disease if not of too long standing. 
 
 POLL EVIL, Cure before It breaks. Run a rowel or geton from the 
 lower part of the swelling to the top, through the centre of the enlarge- 
 ment, then make the following lotion : Take of salamoniac, 2 oz. ; and 
 turpentine spirits, half pint ; 4 oz. linseed oil, and 4 oz. spts. tar. Snake 
 all well, and apply it all over the swelling every other day. Let the seton 
 stay in until all the swelling is gone down ; move it every day, and when 
 all is gone draw it out. Bleed when you first open it. Keep the part 
 clean, 
 
 POLL ETTL AFTER IT BREAKS, If you flnd by probing it that the pipes 
 run down towards the surface, run down a seton through the bottom of 
 the pipe, and anoint it with the following ointment: Take of mercurial 
 ointment, 4 oz. ; and of cantharides, half an ounce. Anoint the seton 
 every day until It runs a bloody matter, then draw It out, if the pipes run 
 down to the centre of the shoulders ; then run down a piece of the nitre 
 ol silver to the bottom, and use the liquid in the next following receipt. 
 Apply it on the sore every day. Keep the part clean with soap and water. 
 
 LIQUID FOR POLL EVIL. Take olive oil, 6 ounces; turpentine, half oz. ; 
 oil of origanum, half oz. ; American or seneka oil, 3 oz. Mix well, and 
 apply It to the part affected, after the nitre of silver has been used. Apply 
 this every few days until it heals up. The cleaner you keep the part the 
 better, 
 
 POLL EVIL AND FISTULA. Clean the sore throughout with soap-suds, 
 sound the pipe or pipes, flnd their direction and depth, then take stiff 
 paper, roll it in a horn shape about the size of a goose-quill, fill with 
 arsenic or potash, double over the ends, insert the pipe, and push or drive 
 it to the bot r om. Serve all the pipes in the same manner. It will break 
 loose in three to six weeks. Cleanse it one day with soap-suds, and next 
 with a wash composed of 1 tea-spoonful of white vitriol, and l do. burnt 
 
144 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 copperas, 1 do. burnt alum, 1 of gunpowder, in one pint of rain water. 
 Oil the sore well after washing. 
 
 FISTULA Take 1 pint of alcohol, half pint turpentine, 1 oz. indigo. 
 
 Apply once a day. 
 
 To DRIVE OFF POLL EVIL BEFORB IT BREAKS. Take 4 oz. oil of spike, 
 lof British oil, one-eighth of white vitriol, 1 of extract of mullen hearts. 
 Apply twice a day. Shake well before you apply. Give the cleansing pow- 
 der to cleanse the blood. 
 
 THRUSH OR SPAVIN. Take 2 oz. oil of St, John, 1 oz. of oil of vitriol, 1 
 oz, oil turpentine, 3 oz. of whiskey. For spavin or ring-bone add 2 oz. of 
 mercurial ointment. This is a valuable receipt. 
 
 CONDITION POWDERS. Take 2 Ibs, of resin, 1 ib. ginger, 1 Ib. cassar, x 
 Ib. saltpetre. Pulverize fine and mix together. Give 1 table-spoonful 
 every other day. 
 
 WATER FARCY. This is a swelling along under the chest, and forward 
 to the breast. Bleed, rowel in the breast and all along the swelling, six 
 inches apart. Apply the general liniment to the swelling. Move the 
 rowels every day. Let them stay in until the swelling goes down. Give 
 soft food mashes with the cleansing powder in it. This is dropsy. 
 
 Too FREE DISCHARGE OF URINE. Give one half oz. of the tr. of canthar- 
 ides every morning for ten or twelve days, and if not entirely well, repeat 
 it again, and bleed one gallon from the neck give clean food. The cause 
 is rotten or musty grain, or too free use of turpentine. Keep him open 
 with mashes and green food. 
 
 DISEASE OF THE LIVER, OR YELLOW WATER. Give the following ball ev- 
 ery morning until it operates upon the bowels. Take 7 drachms of aloes, 
 and 1 drachm of calomel, 4 drachms of ginger, and molasses enough to 
 make it into a ball, wrap it in paper and give it ; give scalded bran and 
 oats, grass if it can be got; when his bowels have moved, stop the physic, 
 and give 1 oz. spirits of camphor in a half pint of water every morning 
 for twelve days ; rowel in the breast, and give a few doses of cleansing 
 powder. Turn him out. 
 
 FRESH WOUNDS. First, stop the wound by tying the arteries, or by ap- 
 plying the following wash : 4 gr. of nitre ol silver, 1 oz. of soft water. Wet 
 the wound with this and then draw the edges together by stitches one 
 inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in twenty-four hours, 
 bleed, and apply the blue ointment, or any of the liniments spoken of. 
 Keep the bowels open. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY 145 
 
 BBUISES. Take Arnica blossoms steeped In whiskey. 
 
 CURB FOR BILES ON HORSES Permit the patient to have a rnn for 5 or 
 6 weeks in a good pasture, and give a little physio In shorts or meal. 
 
 CURE FOR CRAMP. Give a dose of cathartic medicines and hot fomenta- 
 tions to the limbs, and a little rest. 
 
 BALLS FOR WORMS. Barbadoes Aloes 6 dra., powdered ginger ijtf oz. 
 oil of wormwood 20 drops, powdered natron, 2 dra. ; molasses to form a 
 balL 
 
 BALL FOB HIDEBOUND. Barbadoea Aloes, 1 oz, Castile soap, 9 dra., gin- 
 ger 6 dra. 
 
 PHYSIC-BALL. One half onnce of aloes, 3 drachms of gamboge, 90 
 drops of the oil of juniper; make it into a pill with a few drops of molas- 
 ses : wrap it up in thin paper and grease it ; draw out the tongue with the 
 left hand; place the gag in the mouth, run the pill back with the 
 right hand until it drops off, then let the head down and give a sup of 
 water. First, prepare the horse by giving one or two mashes. 
 
 LIQUID BLISTERER. Take alcohol, 1 pint; turpentine, one half pint; aa- 
 uamonia, 4 oz. ; oil of origanum 1 oz. ; apply this as spoken of every three 
 hours until it blisters. Do not repeat oftener than once In eight days, or 
 seven at least, or it will kill the hair. 
 
 HEALING OINTMENT. Take five parts of lard, one of rosin, melt togeth- 
 er; when they begin to get cool add two parts of calomine powder. If 
 the wound is unhealthy add a little turpentine. 
 
 GALLS ON HORSIS. Bath the parts affected with spirits saturated with 
 alum. 
 
 GRUBS IN HORSES. Take a teaspoS|ful of red precipitate, form Into a 
 ball, repeat, If necessary, in 30 minors. 
 
 WORMS. Give one quart of strong tea made of worm-wood at night, 
 the next day give 7 drachms of aloes, 2 drachms of calomel, make it into 
 a ball and give It; give no cold water for 48 hours; make it milk- warm; 
 give him 2 or 3 bran mashes, and some of the cleansing-powder; If he 
 shows any more symptoms, repeat the dose In three weeks. This will 
 never falL 
 
 WARTS. Cut them out by the roots take the tenakulum or hook, run 
 ft through the warts, and draw and cut round it, and draw it out ; If it 
 should bleed too much, take 5 grains of nitre of silver, and 1 oa. of water; 
 wet a sponge, and merely touch the part with this wash, and it will stop 
 them ; treat it as any fresh wound still, every time you waah it, scratch 
 K 
 
146 'ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 the scab off, so the scar will be small This is the only sure way to treat 
 them. 
 
 GROGGY KNEES. This can be cured in the first stages, but if of long 
 
 standing, there is no cure Have shoes made thick at the toe and thin at 
 
 the heels ; take linseed oil, half pint ; alcohol, 4 oz. : 1 oz. camphor spirits ; 
 
 2 oz. laudanum shake and apply to back part of legs, rub it in well 
 
 every 4 days ; still increase the thickness of the shoes at the toe. 
 
 SORB MOUTH OR TONGUE. Take of borax 3 drachms, and 2 drachms of 
 sugar of lead, half oz. of alum, one pint of sage tea shake all well to- 
 gether, and wash the mouth out every morning. Give no hay for twelve 
 days. 
 
 CLEANSING POWDER. This is to be used when the blood Is out of order 
 good to restore lost appetite yellow water; and wherever it is to be 
 used, it is spoken of. Take 1 pound of good ginger; 4 oz. powdered gen- 
 tian ; 1 oz. nitre ; half oz. crude antimony mix all well. Give one large 
 spoonful every day, in wet food. This is perfectly safe. 
 
 SICK STOMACH. Bleed half a gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him 
 one ; give no hay ; then give him half oz. rhubarb every night until it 
 moves his bowels; then take of gentian root, 4 oz. ; fenugreek, 2 oz. ; nitre, 
 one-half oz. mix and give a large spoonful every day, do not give him 
 too much to eat when his appetite returns. 
 
 HORSE POWDER. For distemper, hidebound, farcy, col f s, and all lin- 
 gering diseases which arise from impurity of the blood or lungs. Take 1 
 Ib. comfrey root, % Ib. antimony, % Ib. sulphur, 3 oz. saltpetre, X Ib. lau- 
 rel berries, % Ib. juniper berries, % Ib. anise-seed, % Ib. rosin, 3 oz. alum, 
 C oz. copperas, % Ib. masterworth, % Ib. gum powder. Mix to a powder, 
 and give one teaspoonful in his food onc a day, till cured ; keep the horse 
 dry, and from water for six hours aftetPusing it. 
 
 TONIC DRENCH. For weakness and debility. Take port wine, 3 oz. 
 tincture of cinnamon, % oz. powdered goldenseal 4 drachms. 
 
 LUNG FEVER. Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take one oz. 
 of aconite, add to it half gallon of cold water; drench him with one gill 
 of it every 3 hours, blister him over the lungs, then give him water to 
 drink that hay has been boiled in, and to each gallon of it one oz. of gum 
 arable, and half an ounce of spirits of nitre give this every four hours, 
 rub well, foment and rub the legs with alcohol and camphor, until they 
 get warm do not move him. Keep him in an open stall, if hot weather. 
 
 EYE LOTION. Take of linseed oil one pint, add to it two oz. of spirits of 
 
STU1> BOOK. 147 
 
 ether, gum camphor half an oz. Let it stand in some warm place until 
 the oil cats the gum, and it Is fit for use. 
 
 STING OP BEES. Take olive oil, and lime water, equal parts. Apply it 
 externally. 
 
 EYE-WASH. Take of sugar of lead 2 drachms, white vitriol 1 drachm, 
 add to this 1 quart of soft water; let it stand for 6 or 9 hours, and it is fit 
 for use. Wash the eyes out well every morning, after first washing the 
 eyes out well witn cold water; foi'ow to is up for 3 or 4 weeks,, and 
 then if the eyes are not much better, bleed aid give a mild physic. The 
 horse should be kept on low diet, and not over heated or worked too hard ; 
 scalded shorts an-l oats are good. 
 
 MANGE AND SURFEIT. Bleed and physic, then take sulphur one-half 
 pound, 2 pounds lard ; mix well, grease the part affected every three or 
 four days, stand the horse in the son until all dries in, give him a few 
 doses of the cleansing-powder. 
 
 CONTRACTION OF THE NECK. IT it is taken in the first stages, bleed from 
 the neck two gallons, then ferment or bathe the part well with hot water, 
 rub it dry and take the general liniment and apply it every day, two or 
 three times ; this will cure. If it is of long standing, then blister all along 
 the part affected, with the liquid blister. Do this every three weeks until 
 he is well, and rub with the white ointment. 
 
 DROPS TO MAKE OLD HORSES YOUNG. Take the tr. of asafoetida 1 oz. ; tr. 
 of cantharides, 1 oz. ; oil of cloves, 1 oz. ; oil of cinnamon, 1 oz. ; antimony, 
 2 oz. ; fenugreek, one oz. ; fourth proof brandy, half gallon ; let it stand ten 
 or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water or one gallon. 
 
148 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 AN EDITOR'S TROTTERS. 
 
 Robert Banner's Stables. His latest purchases. Gossip ^dowt 
 famous Ifoadstera. 
 
 There is a widespread passion in America for the ownership of trotMng 
 horses, and in this respect Mr. Bonner, the editor of the New York Ledger, 
 is unusually fortunate. The perfection of his stables is a matter of na- 
 tional comment, for, with beauty of architecture, they combine every 
 requisite for the health and comfort of the horses. The ventilation and 
 drainage are excellent. Every stall has a false floor, through which all 
 refuse passes to a sub-floor of cement, whence it Is carried into the sew- 
 ers. The floor on which the horse stands is perfectly level, thus avoid- 
 ing that straining of the tendons of the legs consequent upon the stand- 
 Ing on an inclined surface. The sides of the boxes are of smooth wood- 
 en panels, which present no hold for the horse to seize with his teeth, and 
 thus prevents his acquiring the habits of biting and " cribbing." The par- 
 titions are carried high enough to prevent the horses from annoying each 
 other; the doors are or ornamental iron work, and around the building, 
 outside, is a tan-bark walk for exercising thp horses in bad weather. Ev- 
 ery appliance that could possibly reduce labor and Improve the condition 
 of the horses has been adopted. 
 
 The first horse the visitor inquires for is Dexter, undoubtedly the high- 
 est type of the American trotter. He is a brown horse, with white legs, 
 stands 15^ hands high, and is 13 years old. His head and neck are finely 
 formed, his eyes brilliant, his shoulders well placed, his legs and feet 
 
BOOK. 149 
 
 firm, and his back and loins powerful. For a horse of hla size, his thighs 
 ar immense. It is almost unnecessary to allude to his breeding. He can 
 be traced to imported Messenger on the sire's side, and to imported 
 Diomed ( the winner of the first English Derby ) on the dam's side. He 
 was first trained by Hiram Woodruff, and it is not a little singular that in 
 Mr. Bonner's stable, standing in adjoining stalls, are the two horses 
 (Dexter and Peerless) behind which Hiram Woodruff made the best 
 time he ever made in his life, driving the former in harness and the lat- 
 ter to wagon, in 2:23^. But Woodruff died before Dexter's speed was 
 fully developed, though he had a premonition that even the 2:18 1-5 
 which he had seen him make under the saddle on the Fashion Course 
 would in time be surpassed. He was right in this expectation, for 10,000 
 people saw Dexter trot a heat against Ethan Allen and his running mate 
 in 2:16, although by an unjust regulation, the horse was not allowed to 
 claim that record. It is not asserted, however, that he is entitled to the 
 record of 2 :16 as a winning record, but that it Is justly his due aa the time 
 record of a public performance. 
 
 Budd Doble has stated that he drove him in 2:14tf in private, while in 
 a public race he drove him in 2 :17#, and a half mile in 1 :06. Good judges 
 believe that by far his greatest achievement was the day when Mr. Bonner 
 drove him on the Prospect Park Course, wagon and driver weighing 319# 
 pounds, in 2:21% a performance which, considering the weight carried 
 and the state of the track, was equal to 2:14. It is now four years since 
 Mr. Bouner gave his check for 33,000 for Dexter, and withdrew the horse 
 from the turf, and there is little doubt that Dexter's speed is greater now 
 than it was when he trotted In 2 :17&" in Buffalo in the hands of Budd 
 Doble. When Mr. Bonner purchased him it was gaid that he would be val- 
 ueless, as he could not be driven with safety on the road. But kindness 
 and good management produced their legitimate results, and Mr. Bonner 
 drives him regularly on the road and through Central Park. 
 
 In the next stall stands the gray mare Peerless, a daughter of Ameri- 
 can Star and a Messenger mare. Like Dexter, she was bred in that nur- 
 sery for fast horses, Orange County, and like him also was educated by 
 Hiram Woodruff, who drove her in public a mile to wagon in 2:23^ a 
 performance which only Dexter has surpassed. Peerless has proved a 
 failure as a brood mare, but is a favorite roadster with Mr. Bonner, who- 
 often drives her double with the veteran Lantern, the two making a fine 
 and fast team. 
 
 Lantern comes next, and it is only the curve of the back that shows his 
 age, for his eye is as bright and his legs as clean as on the day he trotted 
 
150 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 his famous double-team match against Ethan Allen and mate, 14 years 
 ago. Although 24 years old, he is still fast, and makes an excellent com- 
 panion for Peerless, lew being able to pass them on the road. In the next 
 stall stands the California mare Princess, the once famous opponent of 
 Flora Temple. She was purchased as a brood mare, to be mated with 
 Edward Everett, the sire of Joe Elliott, Judge Fullerton, and Startle, and 
 has long been quite lame, but it is anticipated that she will soon recover 
 From her union with Hambletonian sprang Happy Medium. 
 
 The stout black colt in the adjoining box is Mambrino Bertie, Mr. 
 Bonner's latest purchase. Bred by Dr. Herr, of Lexington, Ky. ; this colt 
 astonished everybody by trotting a mile, last Fall, when a two-year old, 
 over the Cincinnati Course, in 2 :41, and repeating, half an hour afterward, 
 In 2:43^. He has since trotted in 2:36^; but not being thoroughly ac- 
 climated, Mr. Bonner does not purpose hurrying him. He is a handsome 
 colt, wonderfully developed for a three-year old, and will assuredly make 
 a fast trotter in time. The bay horse in the next box ranks highest in 
 Mr. Bonner's esteem. This is the four-year old colt Startle, by Edward 
 Everett, which was purchased from George Alley, last Fall, for $20,000, 
 immediately after winning the Three-year-old Stakes, distancing his op- 
 ponent, Lothair, in the fast time of 2: 36#. Startle has massive, muscu- 
 lar quarters, indicating the possession of immense powers. Perhaps no 
 colt ever made such rapid progress in trotting speed as this horse, for 
 when Carl Burr purchased him, in June last year, he could not beat 3:20, 
 and in the following September he won his first race in 2 :36>$ Last month 
 Mr. Bonner drove him a mile on the Fleetwood Park Course, on a slow 
 track, in 2:23, and, had the day and course been favorable, he could have 
 reduced the time considerably. As Startle is only four years old, he has 
 plenty of time for maturing and improving, and experienced judges be- 
 lieve that, when Dexter's time of 2:16 is surpassed, Startle is the horse 
 destined to do it. 
 
 The bay gelding Joe Elliott next shown, trotted a heat over the Sea- 
 caucus Course, N. J., in 1869, in 2 :34, his name then being Boyant Colt 
 Mr. Bonner paid $10,000 for him, and placed him with Carl Burr for train- 
 ing. A few months ago he made a mile on the Fleetwood Course in 
 2:18>. Bruno occupies the next box. and never was in more superb 
 condition than now. Since Mr. Bonner bought him of Mr. Phyfe he has 
 greatly improved in speed. As a four-year-old he made the best record 
 in a public race, trotting a mile in 2 :30 in a gale of wind. With his sister, 
 Brunette, he made also the fastest double-team time, having trotted a 
 mile in 2 :25*. Last on the list stands Pocahontas, the beautiful daugh- 
 
STUD BOOK. 151 
 
 ter of the famous pacing mare of the same name and Ethan Allen. A 
 mare of more perfect symmetry an<? beauty was never foaled ; her action 
 when In motion is the perfection of trotting, combining ease, elegance, 
 power and speed, In an extraordinary degree. She has trotted only one 
 race in public, namely, against Blackstone Belle, at Boston, which she 
 won easily. It is said an amount, even larger than that paid for Dexter, 
 was paid for her. That Mr. Bonner In purchasing her was not mistaken, 
 appears from the fact that she has since trotted a mile under saddle, rid- 
 den by John Murphy, in 2 :1S# , She Is an excellent team mare, and 
 there need not be much surprise if next season she and Buruo make the 
 best time ever made by a double team. 
 
152 ORANGW COUNTY 
 
 2.3O HORSES. 
 
 BY AJAX. 
 
 Goldsmith Maid, by Alexander's Abdallah, dam by Abdallah. . . 2:1T 
 
 Dexter, by Hambletonian, dam by American Star 2 :17 1-4 
 
 Lady Thome, by Mambrino Chief, dam by Gano, by American 
 
 Eclipse 2 :18 1-4 
 
 American Girl, by Amos' Clay, dam said to be thoroughbred... 2:19 
 
 George Palmer, by the Bogus horse, dam a Clay mare 2 :19 1-4 
 
 Flora Temple, by One-Eyed Hunter 2:19 3-4 
 
 Henry, by Magna Charta 2:20 1-4 
 
 Mountain Boy, by Edward Everett, dam by Roebuck 2 :20 1-2 
 
 General Butler, by Smitn mirr, uy isapoieuu 2:21 
 
 Holla Golddust, by Golddust, to saddle 2:21 
 
 George Wilkes, by Hambletonian 2:22 
 
 Princess, by Michael Reaker 2:22 
 
 Jay Gould, by Hambletonian, dam by American Star 2 :22 
 
 Rockingham, to saddle 2:22 1-4 
 
 Lucy, byG. M. Patchen, dam May Day "... 2:22 1-2 
 
 G. M. Patchen, by C. M. Clay, dam by Trustee 2 :22 1-2 
 
 Fearnaught, by Young Morrill 2:23 1-4 
 
 Bashaw, Jr., by Green's Bashaw 2:23 1-2 
 
 Rhode Island, by Whitehall, by North American 2:23 1-2 
 
 Hotspur, by Ethan Allen, dam by Abdallah 2 :23 1-2 
 
 Billy Bafrr, (formerly W. B. Whiteman,) by Ethan Allen 2:23 3-4 
 
 Kirkwood, by Green's Bashaw : 2:24 
 
 Draco Prince, by Draco, dam Vermont Black Hawk 2:24 
 
 Ch. Medoc, ( formerly John Morgan,) by Pilot, dam by Medoc. . . 2 :24 
 
STUD BOOK. 15& 
 
 Beppo, by Hambletonian, dam by Abdallah 2:24 1-2 
 
 Chicago, ( formerly Rocky,) by Ole Ball, by Pilot, dam by Amer- 
 ican Eclipse -. 2:24 
 
 Toronto Chief, by Royal George 2:24 1-4 
 
 Major Allen, ( formerly Locust, ) by Young Ethan Allen 2 :24 1-4 
 
 California Damsel, by son of Long Island Black Hawk 2 :24 1-2 
 
 Prince Hartford, by Nonpareil, son of Long Island Black Hawk 2:24 1-2 
 
 Pilot Temple, by Pilot, Jr., dam Flora Temple's dam 2 :24 1-2 
 
 Myron Perry, by Young Columbus, dam by Hopkins' Abdallah.. 2:24 1-2 
 
 Green Mountain Maid, by Harris' Hambletonlan 2 :24 3-4 
 
 Silas Rich, by Young Priam 2 :24 8-4 
 
 Clara G., to saddle 2:25 
 
 G.M. Patchen, Jr., (California Patchen,) by G. M. Patchen, 
 
 dam Bellf ounder mare 2 :25 
 
 \V. H.Allen, by Volunteer, dam by Abdallah 2:25 
 
 Mac ..* 2:25 
 
 Commordore Vanderbilt, by Young Columbus. .. '. 2:25 
 
 Frank Vernon, (formerly Panic,) by Sherman's Black Hawk 
 
 ( North Horse,) dam Vermont Hambletonlan 2:25 
 
 Ethan Allen, by Hill's Black Hawk 2:25 
 
 Yellow Jacket . 2:25 
 
 Lancet, by Vermont Black Hawk, to saddle 2 :25 
 
 Brown Dick, by 2d Star 2:25 1-4 
 
 Gray Eagle, (thoroughbred,) by Gray Eagle, dam by imp. Trus- 
 tee 2:25 1-2 
 
 Fannie Allen, by Ethan Allen, dam Cherub, by Abdallah 2 :25 1-2 
 
 Gray Mack, by son of Hill's Black Hawk 2:25 1-2 
 
 Centreville, by Henry Clay 2:25 1-2 
 
 Ttcony, by Sportsman 2:25 1-2 
 
 Nonesuch, by Daniel Lambert, by Ethan Allen, dam by son of 
 
 Vermont Black Hawk 2:25 1-2 
 
 Judge Fullerton, by Edward Everett 2:251-4 
 
 Tom Jefferson, by Toronto Chief, dam by Wagner 2 :25 1-2 
 
 Charles E. Loew, by G. M. Patchen, dam by Abdallah 2 :25 1-2 
 
 J.J.Bradley 2:25 1-2 
 
 Byron, by Field's Royal George, dam by Morgan 2 :25 1-2 
 
 Harry Barley, ( formerly Columbia Chief,) by Young Columbus, 
 
 dam by Harris' Hambletonian 2:253-4 
 
 Jeff Davis 2:253-4 
 
 Colonel Russell , ,. 2:25 3-4 
 
 License 2:25 3-4 
 
154 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 Belle Strickland, by Eaton Horse 2:26 
 
 Billy Haskins, by Ed Forest, dam Pilot, Jr 2:26 
 
 Belle of Portland 2:26 
 
 Tattler, by Pilot, Jr., dam by Medoc 2:26 
 
 Tackey, by Pilot, Jr 2:26 
 
 W. K. Thomas, by Osceola, by son of Pilot 2:26 
 
 May Queen, by May Day 2:26 
 
 Confidence 2:26 
 
 Huntress, by Volunteer, dam by American Star , . . . 2 :26 
 
 Triumph, ( formerly Joe ) 2:25 1-4 
 
 Ben Gumming, by Columbus, dam Mambrmo 2 :26 
 
 H. W. Genet, by son of G. M. Patchen 2:26 
 
 LadySuffolk, by Engineer 2:26 
 
 Surprise, by Harry Clay 2:26 
 
 Cooly, by Daniel Boone (a pacer) 2:26 
 
 Leviathan, to saddle 2:26 
 
 Sleepy John *2:26 1-4 
 
 Bay Whalebone 2:261-4 
 
 Lady Emma, by Jupiter, dara by Abdullah 2 :26 1-4 
 
 Royal John, by Woodstock Merrill.... 2:26 1-4 
 
 Queen of the West, by Pilot, Jr 2:26 1-4 
 
 Stockbridge Chief 2 :26 1-2 
 
 Black Mack 2 :26 1-2 
 
 Matthew Smith 2 :26 1-2 
 
 Mohawk, Jr., by Mohawk, by Long Island Black Hawk 2 :26 1-2 
 
 Susie, by Hampden Boy, granrtsire Vermont Black Hawk 2 :26 1-2 
 
 Little Fred, damDirigo, by Drew 2:26 3-4 
 
 Pocahontas, by Ethan Allen, dam Pocahontas, the pacer 2 :26 3-4 
 
 Sea Foam, by Young Columbus 2:26 3-4 
 
 Gilbraith Knox, by General Knox, he by North Horse 2:26 3-4 
 
 Clara, (late Crazy Jane,) by Sager Horse 2:27 
 
 Idol, by Black Warrior 2:27 
 
 Highland Maid, by Saltram 2:27 
 
 Western Girl, ( formerly Angeline,) by son of Bellf ounder 2 :27 
 
 LookOut 2:27 
 
 Sir Walter 2:27 
 
 Lottery, by Hambletonian 2 :27 
 
 Aggy Down, to saddle 2:27 
 
 General Taylor, to saddle 2:27 
 
 Sorrel Dan, by Magna Charta 2:27 
 
STUD BOOK. 155 
 
 Lady Woodruff, by Washington 2:27 
 
 Tammany, by son of Rising Sun 2:27 
 
 Ben Higdon, by Abdallah 2:27 
 
 Uncle Abe, by Young Morrill 2:27 
 
 Tennessee, by Commodore, dam by Hill's Black Hawk 2 :27 
 
 Prince, en., by Jupiter Abdallah, dam by Trustee 2 :27 
 
 Lady Mac, to saddle (Hamb.etonian) 2:2T 
 
 North Star Mambrino, by Mainbrino Chief 2 :2T 1-4 
 
 Star of the West 2:27 1-4 
 
 Lydia Thompson, by Wild Wagoner, by G. M. Patchen 2 :27 1-2 
 
 Draco, by Young Morrill 2:27 1-2 
 
 Rapid, by Toronto Chief, to saddle 2:27 1-2 
 
 Chicago Jack, by Mernck Horse, to saddle 2:27 1-2 
 
 Clarence 2:27 1-2 
 
 Commodore Nutt, by Grantham Chief, by Royal George 2 :27 1-2 
 
 Mollie, Delphi's dam, by Abd-el-Kader 2:271-2 
 
 Black Douglass, by Henry Clay 2:27 1-2 
 
 Ed White 2:271-2 
 
 Dreadnaught 2:27 1-2 
 
 Mainbrino Pilot, by Mambrino Chief, dam by Pilot, to saddle. . . 2:27 1-2 
 
 Traveler 2:27 1-2 
 
 Sleepy John, dam by Red Bird 2:27 1-2 
 
 Shark, by Hambletonian, dam the grandam of Dexter, to sad- 
 dle 2:27 3-4 
 
 Shep. Knap, Jr., by Shep. Knap, he by Eaton Horse. 2:27 3-4 
 
 Jessie Wales, by Ajax, double 2:27 3-4 
 
 Darkness, by Mambrino Chief, grandam by Pilot, double 2 :27 3-4 
 
 James H. Burke, ( late Governor Morgan) '. 2:27 3-4 
 
 Belle of Saratoga, by Vermont Black Hawk 2 :23 
 
 Auburn Horse, by Champion 2:28 
 
 Fannie Lee, by Ethan Allen, dam by Sherman's Black Hawk. . . 2 :2S 
 Black Harry Clay, by Neaves' C. M. Clay, Jr., dam by imp. Bell- 
 founder 2:28 
 
 Blackbird 2:28 
 
 Dutchess 2:28 
 
 Pelham 2:28 
 
 Rocket 2:28 
 
 Young Woful 2:28 
 
 Independence 2:28 
 
 J. M. Botts, by Spaulding's Abdallah. . , 2 :2S 
 
 Jilt... . 2:28 
 
156 ORANGE COTJNTT 
 
 Blonde, by Hoagland's Messenger, dam by Abdalltn f :28 
 
 Dutchman, a second mile to saddle J:28 
 
 Mohawk, Jr., by son of Long Island Black Hawk 2:28 
 
 Lady Shannon^ by Harris' Hambletonian 2 :28 
 
 Tartar, by Royal George 2:28 
 
 Grey Jack, of Morgan blood 2:23 1-4 
 
 Miller's Damsel, by Andrew Jackson 2:28 1-4 
 
 Twang, by Hiatoga, dam by Am. Eclipse 2:281-4 
 
 Strldeaway 2:28 1-2 
 
 Charlie Green, by son of Abdallah 2 :28 1-2 
 
 Lady Garfleld 2:28 1-2 
 
 Rattler 2:28 1-2 
 
 Jim Porter ; 2:28 1-2 
 
 Lady Shannon 2:28 1-2 
 
 Mary, by G. M. Patchen 2:28 
 
 B. Gen. McClellan, by Drew 2.28 1-2 
 
 Lady Vernon 2:28 1-8 
 
 Blackstone Belle, by Brandy wine, he by Abdallah 2 :28 1-2 
 
 Yonng Columbus, by Columbus, dam Black Maria, grandam of 
 
 Harris' Hambletonian 2:28 1-4 
 
 Medoc 2:28 1-J 
 
 Le^ Sayers 2:23 3-4 
 
 Jas. D. McMann 2:28 3-4 
 
 Morrissy, by Black Warrior 2:28 3-4 
 
 Fannie Kemble: 2:28 3-4 
 
 Lady Sheridan 2:28 3-4 
 
 Grey Hawk 2:28 3-4 
 
 Dutchman, ( formerly Derby,) by Rough and Ready 2 :28 3-4 
 
 Joe Hooker, Jr., by Tom Hyer, a Black Hawk 2:28 3-4 
 
 Drift, ( formerly Norwood,) by Hambletonian, dam by Saltram. 2:29 
 
 Lew Pettee, by Norman 2:29 
 
 Widow McCree, by American Star 2:29 
 
 Western New York, by Nonpareil, ( son of Long Island Black 
 
 Hawk.) dam oy Rysdyk's Hambletonian 2 :29 
 
 H.B. Patchen, by G. M. Patchen 2:29 
 
 Red Cloud 2:29 
 
 Woful, by Long Island Black Hawk 2:29 
 
 Medoc, Wh 2:29 
 
 Tom Parker 2:29 
 
 Bally Lewis, by Pilot Jr 4:29 
 
 Miller's Damsel, by Edmond's Jackson, son of Andrew Jackson. 2 :2t 
 
5TDT> BOOK. 157 
 
 Reindeer, by Monmouth Eclipse :29 
 
 Zac Taylor, by Quiraby Horse 2:29 
 
 Honest Allen, by Ethan Allen, double 8:29 
 
 Draco, by Young Morrill 2:29 
 
 Lady Sherman, by North Horse 2:29 
 
 Contraband, dam by thoroughbred 2:29 
 
 Old Man's Mare, by Young Andraf Jackson. 2:29 
 
 Nelly Holcomb 2:29 
 
 EllaElwood ; 2:29 
 
 N. B. Palmer .' 2:2f 
 
 Putnam 2:29 
 
 Fleetwood 2:29 
 
 Rosamond, by Columbus 2:29 
 
 Tib Woodward 2:29 
 
 Major Edsall, by Alexander's Abdallah, dam by American Star. 2 :29 
 
 Up and Up 2:29 
 
 Grit 2:29 
 
 Nabocklish, by Rising Sun V. 2:29 
 
 Pilot, by Pilot, Jr 2:29 1-4 
 
 Ed Foster, by Young St Lawrence 2:29 1-4 
 
 Fanny Lee, by Ethan Allen, dam by the North Horse 2 :29 1-4 
 
 Lexington, by Lexington 2:29 1-4 
 
 Edna 2:29 1-4 
 
 Bally Lewis, by American Star 2:29 1-2 
 
 Fearless, by Meeker Horse 2:29 1-2 
 
 Bruno, by Hambletonian 2:29 1-2 
 
 Harvest Queen, by Hambletonian, dam by American Star 2 :29 1-2 . 
 
 New Berlin Girl 2:29 1-8 
 
 India Rubber, by Co cet 2:29 1-2 
 
 Jake Oakley, by Long Island Blaclc Hawk 2:29 1-2 
 
 Warwick, by Ethan Allen, dam Rachel 2:29 1-2 
 
 Dutch Girl, by Grey Eagle 2:29 1-2 
 
 Madawska Maid 2:29 1-2 
 
 JohnFero, by imp. Consternation 2:29 1-3 
 
 Daisy Burns, bySkenado 2:29 3-4 
 
 Mountain Maid, by Morrill .' 2:29 3-4 
 
 Safe 2:29 3-4 
 
 Lady Ross, by Vergenes' Black Hawk, dam a Clay mare, gran- 
 
 damaStar mare 2:29 3-4 
 
 Lady Hughes, by Jupiter, dam by Weber's Tom Thumb 2 :30 
 
 Moscow 2:30 
 
158 OKANGPJ COUNTY 
 
 Old Put, by Clarion 2:30 
 
 Lady Sutton, by Morgan Eagle 2:30 
 
 Lady Augusta, by nambletonian, dam by Saltram 2 :30 
 
 Lady Vernon 2:30 
 
 Lady Jane , 2:30 
 
 Bashaw Maid, by Plow Boy, by Long Island Black Hawk 2 :30 
 
 Eose of Washington, by Smith Burr's Washington, saddle 2 :30 
 
 Empress 2:30 
 
 W. H. Taylor, by Norman 2 :30 
 
 Norman 2:30 
 
 Young Riptbn , r, 2 :30 
 
 Black Ralph, by Vermont Black Hawk 2:30 
 
 Black Harry, double 2:30 
 
 Emperor 2:30 
 
 India Rubber, Comet 2:30 
 
 Centreville, by Henry Clay, dam by Mambrino 2:30 
 
 Uxbridge 3:30 
 
 Copper Bottom 2:30 
 
 Miller's Maid 2 :30 
 
 Tarquin 2 :30 
 
 Tom Parker 2:30 
 
 Western Metropolis 2 :30 
 
 Fanny Pullen 2 :30 
 
 Long Island 2 :30 
 
 Ike Cook, by Abdallah 2:30 
 
 Joe Hooker 2 :30 
 
 Silas 2:30 
 
 Whitebird. by Whitebird, a thoroughbred 2:30 
 
 Mazeppa 2 ;30 
 
 St. Elmo, by Alexander's Abdallah , 2:30 
 
 Jack Rossiter 2:30 
 
 Strathmore 2 :30 
 
 Sunnyside 2 :30 
 
 Carrol (by Cardinal), by Vermont Black Hawk 2 :30 
 
 Champagne, by Ed Forrest 2:30 
 
 Dan Mace 2:30 
 
 General McClennan, by Drew 2:30 
 
 Washington Irving, by Ethan Allen, to saddle 2:30 
 
 Belle of Toronto, by Royal George 2:30 
 
 Denmark .. . 2:?o 
 
STUD BOOK. 159 
 
 Jack Stewart, by Tom Wonder, dam by Harris' Hambletonian . . 2:30 
 
 Lady Hamilton 2:30 
 
 Purity, by Blue Bull, dam by Daniel Boone 2 :30 
 
 Western... 8:30 
 
HEADQTJAKTERS 
 
 LIST 
 
 or 
 
 BOOKS, PRISTS & HORSE GOODS, 
 
 OP EVERT DESCRIPTION, 
 
 DAVIDSON & COMPANY. 
 
DAYIDSON & CO.'S 
 
 USEUL ARTICLES NEEDED BY ALL HORSEMEN. 
 
 Check Reins Flat $2, Ronnd, $3 00 each. 
 
 CheckBits 200 ' 
 
 Baldwin Bits, from 2 00 to 450 " 
 
 Dan Mace's Trotting Snaffle, nkie pit., A check. 300 " 
 
 " full check. 400 " 
 
 Rubber Mouth with chain inside 1 60 to 250 
 
 Star Bits 2 00 to 600 
 
 Rubber Mouth, stiff 1 50 to 300 
 
 Martin Bits for Bad Horses 6 00 to 11 00 
 
 4 Ring Double Jointed, (2 joints) 2 50 to 400 
 
 4 Ring Single Jointed 1 50 to 3 00 
 
 4-in Ring Race Bits, nickle 3 00 
 
 Rockwell Bits, nickle plated 4 00 
 
 Woodmanri's Bits, nickle plated 3 00 
 
 Curb Bits of all grades 1 00 to 10 00 " 
 
 Clipping Shears 1 50 to 250 " 
 
 Clipping Combs 50 to 100 " 
 
 Clipping Machines .> 6 00 to 50 00 " 
 
 Sweat Scrapers, short and long 50 to 200 " 
 
 Cribbing Halters, the only known remedy for 
 
 this disagreeable and dangerous practice. 1200 " 
 
 Tooth Rasp or Float, in the rough 3 00 " 
 
 " " polished 4 00 " 
 
 " " nickle plated 500 " 
 
 Rein Holders and Buttons 1 00 to 2 00 $ pr. 
 
 Snow Ball Pods 2 00 " 
 
 Feather Dusters 1 50 to 6 00 each . 
 
 Chamois Skins 50 to 2 00 " 
 
 Sponge, (sheep's wool) 3 00 $ ft . 
 
 Carriage Mats, (wool) 3 00 to 10 00 each. 
 
 Monograms for harness ' 3 00 to 4 00 " 
 
 Harness Soap $1 $ cake, or 8 00 $doz. 
 
 Horse Plumes 1 00 to 4 00 each. 
 
 Bells to go around the body 3 00 to 25 00 f? stg. 
 
 Felt Soaking Boot 3 50 each. 
 
PRICE LIST. 
 
 Sheep Lined Grab Boot 6 00 $ pr. 
 
 Loaded or Weight Boot, any weight 5 00 " 
 
 Sponge Lined Soaking Boots 7 00 
 
 Shoe Boil or Sleeping Boots 6 00 
 
 Cup Ankle Boots 200 
 
 Trotting; Rollers, wood, horn or rubber 1 00 each. 
 
 Knee, Shin and Ankle Boots 4 00 
 
 Bristle Ankle Boots 2 50 
 
 Hound Quarter Boots 3 00 
 
 Standing Boots, when a horse stands with one 
 
 foot resting on the other 3 00 
 
 Short SLin and Ankle Boots 2 50 
 
 Long Knee. Shin and Ankle Boots 2 50 
 
 Shin and Ankle Boots 2 50 
 
 Knee Boots 3 00 
 
 Knee and Arm Boots 400 
 
 8'iin or Speedy Cut Boots 3 00 
 
 Knee and Shin Boots 300 
 
 Lawn Boots for walking, on Lawns 8 50 ^ pr. 
 
 Sandals, used to carry on a journey in case a 
 
 horse loses his shoes 4 00 each. 
 
 India Rubber Overshoes for horses with tender 
 feet ; can be used to drive on the roads 
 with perfect safety ; no other shoes re- 
 quired 4 50 $ pr. 
 
 HORSE PICTURES. 
 
 Splendid Colored Lithographs, size 14x18. Price 30 cents each, or 
 the set of 14 for $3.50. 
 
 ETHAN ALLEN AND MATE, DUTCHMAN, 
 
 DEXTKR, LADY FULTON, 
 
 GOLDSMITH MAID, HAMBLETONIAN, 
 
 LUCY, FLORA TEMPLE, 
 
 AMERICAN GIRL, OCCIDENT, 
 
 HENRY, HARRY BASSETT, 
 
 LADY THORN, LONGFELLOW. 
 
 NEW RACE HORSES. 
 
 Harry Bassett, with jockey waiting for the signal, size 25x33, $3 00* 
 Harry Bassett and Longfellow, with jockeys, at full speed, 
 
 size 25x33 3 QO 
 
 SPORTING PRINTS. 
 
 Beautifully Colored Lithographs, for Saloons, 
 Hotels, etc., etc., etc. 
 
DAVIDSON & CO: 8 
 
 ROAD AND TRACK SCENES. 
 
 Size 26x36, each $4. 
 
 A Stopping Place on the Eoad. 
 
 Trotting Cracks at Home A Model Stable. ; 
 
 Trotting Cracks at the Forge. 
 
 Going to the Trot A Good Day and a Good Track. 
 
 Coming from the Trot " Sports" oil " Homestretch." 
 
 Fast Trotters on " Harlem Lane." 
 
 Speeding on the Avenue. 
 
 A Brush for the Lead New York " Flyers" on Snow. 
 
 First Trot of the Season To go as they please. 
 
 Size 25x33, each $3. 
 
 Scoring Coming up for the Work. 
 A Brush on the Homestretch. 
 Won by a Neck. 
 Trotting Cracks on the Snow. 
 
 FAMOUS TROTTING HORSES. 
 
 Size 25x33, each $3. 
 
 The King of the Road Dexter and Bonner. 
 
 American Girl and Lady Thorn. 
 
 Goldsmith Maid and American Girl. 
 
 Jotin Siewart 20 Mile Trot. To Wagon, 59:23. 
 
 Biily Boyce Pacer. To Saddle, 2:144. 
 
 Dexter To Sulky, 2:174. 
 
 Dexter and Ethan Allen and mate, 2:15. 
 
 Dexter To Saddle. Time 2:18. 
 
 Dexter and Butler To Wagons. 
 
 Dexter, Butler and Toronto Chief To Saddle. 
 
 Lady Thorn and Mountain Boy To Sulkies. 
 
 Lady Thorn To Wagon. 
 
 George Wilkes To Wagon. 
 
 Hambletonian, the Sire of Dexter. In the Stable. , 
 
 George M. Patchen, Jr. To Sulky. 
 
 Wilkes and Vanderbiltr-To Wagons. 
 
 Gray Eagle (of Kentucky) To Wagon. 
 
 Flora Temple and Hero To Sulky and Wagon. 
 
 Mambrino Champion In Stable. 
 
 Flora Temple and Prim-ess TO Sulkies. 
 
 Flora Temple and Lancet To Sulky and Saddle. 
 
 Flora Temple and Sontag To Wagons. 
 
 Ethan Allen and Patchen To Wagons. 
 
 Ethan Allen and Mate, and Lantern and Mate. 
 
 Stella and Alice Gray, and Lantern and Whalebone Double Teai 
 
 Race. 
 
 Tony an i Mac To Saddles. 
 Great Double Team Trot Jessie Wales and Darkness, and Honest 
 
 Allen and Kirk wood. 
 George Palmer to Sulky. 
 
 Each of these Prints has a fine Portrait of the Driver, urith Time, 
 day and date of the Matches, and beautifully colored. 
 
PRICE LIST. 
 
 RACING SCENES. 
 
 Peytonia and Fashion running their great race, size 25x33. . . $3 00 
 
 Jerome Park Races Saddling, 22x28 1 75 
 
 Pake Start, 22x28 1 75 
 
 The Race, 22x28 1 75 
 
 Returning to Weigh, 22x28 1 75 
 
 Curragh Kildare Races, 22x28 1 25 
 
 Plying Dutchman and Voltigeur Running Race, 22x28 1 50 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TROTTERS, &c. 
 
 Lady Thorn and American Girl, 22x28 $2 25 
 
 Dexter, Ethan Allen and Mate; 22x28 2 25 
 
 Butler, Silas Rich and Bashaw, Jr., 22x28 2 50 
 
 Dexter In Harness, Driven by Hiram Woodruff, 22x28 2 00 
 
 Dexter To Wagon. T me 2:17|, 22x23 203 
 
 Dexter In the Stable (Chrom>), 15x20 2 25 
 
 z Hambletonian In the Stable (Chromo) , 23x30 2 25 
 
 z M tmbrino Pilot and Flora Temple In t ie Field, 25x33 3 00 
 
 H tmbletonian and Widow Mtchree In the Field, 25x33 3 00 
 
 Ethan Allen and Pocahontas In the Field, 25x33 3 00 
 
 " Four in Hand" Tne Drive, 25x33 3 00 
 
 The Road in Summer, 25x33 3 00 
 
 The Road in Winter, 25x33 3 00 
 
 Going to the Trot, 22x28 2 50 
 
 Coming from the Trot, 22x28 2 5t) 
 
 A Stopping Place on the Road, 22x28 2 50 
 
 John Stewart Twenty Mi'e Trot, to Wagon. Containing many 
 Full Length Portraits of Sporting Celebrities, including 
 O'Baldwin, Joe Coburn, Harry Hill, Bob Brettle, Ed. 
 
 James and others, 25x33 3 00 
 
 A Crack Team at a Smashing Gait, 24x30 2 00 
 
 A Trot for the Gate Money, 24x30 2 00 
 
 A " Spill Out" on the Snow, 24x30 2 00 
 
 Size 25x33, each, $2. 
 
 Flora Temple To Sulky, 2:19^. 
 George M. Patchen To Sulky. 
 Lidy Suffolk To Sulky. 
 Pocahontas To Wagon, 2:17. 
 Trustee To Sulky. Twentv"Mile Trot. 
 Lexington In the Field, 7:19|. 
 
 Lady Suffolk To Saddle, 22x28 $1 50 
 
 Dutchman To Saddle, 7:32, 22x28 1 50 
 
 DOGS, HORSES, STAGS, &c. 
 
 / Spaniel (12 in circle) $3 50 
 
 z Bull Dog " 3 50 
 
 i Right Sort " .' 3 50 
 
 z Tan Terrier " . 3 50 
 
DAVIDSON & GO: '8 
 
 * Bell and Harry, 14x18 . $ 60 
 
 z Laying Down the Law, 23x35 7 00 
 
 7, Hector and Juno, 22x28 2 00 
 
 7 First Lesson in Ratting, 22x28 1 25 
 
 The Inundation Dog and Pups, 19x24 60 
 
 z Huntsman rind Hounds, 22x28.. 1 25 
 
 z Horses in a Storm, 22x28 - 1 2* 
 
 z Members of Temperance, 21x30 2 60 
 
 Size 22x28, each $1.25. 
 z Horse and Groom. 
 z Horse Fair. 
 z Hurdle Races, I. and II. 
 z Bayed Stag. 
 z Weighing the Deer, 
 z The Stag Hunt, I. and II. 
 
 GAME FOWL, BIRDS, &c, 
 
 The Poultry Yard 
 
 FIELD SPORTS & GAME. 
 
 Size 25x33, each $3.75. 
 
 American Field Sports "On a Point." 
 American Field Sports " Flushed." 
 American Field Sports " Both Barrels." 
 American Field Sports "Retrieving." 
 Camping in the Woods "A Good Time Coming." 
 Camping in the Woods "Laying Off." 
 American Hunting Scenes " An Eirly Start." 
 American Hunting Scenes "A Good Chance." 
 Close Quarters Setter and Woodcock. Life size. 
 Pointing a Bevy, Pointer and Quail. Life size. 
 
 BOOKS ON THE HORSE. 
 
 Racing Chronicle $3 Of 
 
 The Trotting Horse of America; how to Train and Drive him; 
 
 by Hiram Woodruff 2 50 
 
 b Tattersall's Pictorial Gallery of English Race Horses. Con- 
 taining Portraits of all the Winners of the Derby, Oaks 
 and St. Leger Stakes, from 1831 to 1850, and a History of 
 
 the principal Operations of the Turf 8 00 
 
 b The H(rse Owner's Guide, by F. H. Walther 1 50 
 
 b Youatt on the Horse. Illustrated 2 00 
 
 b Horse Racing; its History; and Early Records of the prin- 
 cipal and other Meetings, with Anecdotes, &c 
 
 b Jennings on the Horse and his Diseases 2 00 
 
 b Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Doctor 3 00 
 
 b Stonehenge on the Horse in the Stable and in the Field. 
 
 Illustrated . . . 5 00 
 
PRICE LIST. 
 
 t The Horse in the Stable and in the Field, by J. H. Walsh. . . $2 00 
 
 2. Joun Stewart's Stable Book 1 75 
 
 z Youatt and Spooner on the Horse 175 
 
 z Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy 1 40 
 
 z Simpson's Horse Portraiture 3 00 
 
 z Cole's Veterinarian 1 00 
 
 b Hmdy Horse Book, or Practical Instructions in Driving, 
 
 Rid.ns, and Mm .gement of Horses 2 50 
 
 b Hints to Horse Keepers on Breeding, Buying, Breaking, 
 
 Using, Feeding and Physicing Horses, by Frank Forester 2 00 
 Rarey and Kn >wlson's Complete Horse Tamer and Farrier. 
 
 Illustrated with descriptive engravings 60 
 
 d The C"mplete Farrier and Horse Doctor 30 
 
 r Turf Fraud and Turf Practices ; or, Spiders and Flies 75 
 
 VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 Metal Horse Syringes. 24, 36, and 48 oz $3 50 $4 50 5 50 
 
 Brass Horse Syringes 13 00 
 
 Reed's Patent Injection Pump, best 35 00 
 
 Reed's Patent Injection Pump, plain 23 00 
 
 English Imported Horse Tooth llas>p 5 00 
 
 English Imported Horse Tooth Rasp, guarded 6 25 
 
 Two Foid Case Veterinary Instruments 18 00 
 
 Three Fold Case Veterinary Instruments 27 00 
 
 Pr eking Kniv s, 1, 2 and 3 blade, plain $250 $325 400 
 
 Pricking Knives, 1, 2 and 3 blade, spring back. . $2 75 $3 50 4 25 
 
 Castrating Clamps $4 00 10 00 
 
 Castrating Eraseur 17 00 
 
 Set of Hobbies 35 00 
 
 Firing Irons 3 00 
 
 Balling Guns, wood 2 50 
 
 Balling Guns, brass 3 50 
 
 Elastic Ho <-se Catheders 300 
 
 Metalic Horse Catheders 3 00 
 
 Saton Needles, plain $1 25 1 75 
 
 Seton Needles, long screw, 3 parts 4 25 
 
 Horse Fleams, 1.2 and 3 blades $225 $275 325 
 
 Tracheotomy Tubes, metal 7 50 
 
 Tracheotomy Tubes, hard rubber 5 25 
 
 Spring Lancets 3 25 
 
 Tooth Forceps from 6 00 to 10 00 
 
 Clipping Shears $1 75 2 25 
 
 Clipping Combs, Horn 75 
 
 Chpping Combs, steel 75 
 
 Apparatus for Snge.ng with Gas $6 50, 18 00 
 
 Apparatus for Singeing with Alcohol $2 50, 5 00 
 
 Trocars and Canulus .. 3 75 
 
 Hy poderme Syringes $3 75 6 00 
 
 Silver Milk Tubes 200 
 
 Horse Muzzle 7 50 
 
 Small Nippers 2 25 
 
 Baldwin Bit .' , $2 50 to 5 00 
 
 Bit to Prevent Wind Sucking 3 00 
 
DAVIDSON & CO: 8 
 
 ANTI-CRIBBING STRAP. 
 
 This Strap is patented, and is the only discovery, except the ob- 
 noxious muzzle, to break or prevent Horses from Cribbing or Wind- 
 Sucking. Recommended by WILKES' SPIRIT, and TUKF, FIELD AND 
 FARM. Full Directions accompanies each Strap. Price,each,$3.00. 
 
 HORSE GOODS. 
 
 Jockey Cap, silk, any color, to order $3 50 
 
 Weight Boots, per pair, from 4 oz. to 1 Ib 5 50 
 
 Boston Reins 12 00 
 
 Holders for Reins 3 5fr 
 
 Shin Boots 6 00 
 
 Lolling Bit 6 00 
 
 Derby Bandages, per set of four 5 00 
 
 Knee Boots, lor protecting above and below the knee 10 00 
 
 Toe Boots, per pair 6 00 
 
 Spurs, per pair $1 00 to 6 00 
 
 Whips, Gutta Percha, . . .8 feet, $4 25; 4 feet, 2 00 
 
 PERFORATED STOCKING. 
 
 LEWIS' PATENT. 
 
 This Elastic Stocking is designed to be applied to the legs of 
 horses, but is especially invaluable to horses employed for RACING 
 PURPOSES. It supports the muscles, tendons, cords, etc., and does 
 away entirely with over-straining and spraining. It needs but a 
 single trial to convince any horseman of its merits. The ablest and 
 most experienced trainers of both RUNNERS and TROTTERS pronounce 
 it invaluable. Sold only in pairs, at $6 per pair. 
 
 DOG COLLARS. 
 
 Leather Dog Collars 50c. to $1 00 
 
 German Silver and Brass Dog Collars from 60c. to 2 00 
 
 WORKS ON THE DOG. 
 
 b The Dog; by Dinks, Mayhew and Hutchinson. Illustrated 
 
 and edited by Frank Forester $3 00 
 
 r Mayhew's Treatise on the Dog 1 00 
 
 p Dogs and their Ways 1 50 
 
 z The Dog and the Gun 50 
 
 z Richardson on the Dog 60 
 
 b The Dog in Health and Disease.. 50 
 
PRICE LIST. 
 
 SLOW HORSES MADE FAST, 
 
 And Fast Horses Made Faster. 
 
 Including al 1 successful secrets of professional horsemen, ex- 
 posures of tallacious theories and faulty appliances, tricks of 
 jockeys and frauds of the turf. A guide to breeding, raising and 
 training trotters, as well as developing and improving speed of all 
 hor-es. The System laid down in t iis book is the one to which 
 DEXTER owes his supremacy. ROBERT BONNER (editorial in N. 
 Y. Ledger) says : " A series of very interesting and instructive 
 articles." 
 
 " A very readable and profitable work for breeders and trainers 
 of the trotting horse. The work treats of the origin of the Ameri- 
 can trotter, the high values of fast horses, large profits from raising 
 them, ache'vements of celebrated trotters, improvement in the 
 stock, how to produce the best trotters, tra ning, shows how good 
 horses are spoiled by fallacious theories and faulty appliances, tells 
 how to make pacers trot, and how to take care of colts, and other 
 matters." New York Herald. 
 
 " The interest which is taken, and which is daily increasing, in 
 the improvement of horse-flesh will render this volume an exceed- 
 ingly acceptable one to m.-my people. * * * Cannot fail, through 
 its reliability to become a standard authority among professional 
 horsemen and amateurs.'' N. Y. Express. 
 
 " A well written treatise on t ; ie history of the American trotter 
 and on the best method of developing speed, with the exposure of 
 fallacies and tricks of the turf." N. Y. Evening Mail. 
 
 "By no means fulfills the promise in the title of a catchpenny 
 publication, but is a reaUy instructivetreat.se on the most approved 
 legitimate methods of developing the speed of horse-flesh. * * * 
 Every man who is about to buy a horse had better consult this little 
 work before deciding on his purchase." Ne>o York Tribune. 
 
 "A very valuable and well written treatise, giv ng sketches of 
 several noted horses, with pictures from photographs, and present- 
 ing a system for improving the speed of horses which appears to us 
 to be based upon a clear common sense view of the matter, and 
 which has been fairly treated, with unexampled results in the case 
 of DEXTER." Pomeroy's Democrat. 
 
 *' The articles embraced in its pages will be found well worth the 
 cost, and no one interested in any way in horses, should be without 
 a copy." Wilkes' Spirit of the Times. 
 
 " Handsomely illustrated, and contains matters which will interest 
 every horsem in especially those interested in trotting stock." 
 If /ore's Rural New Yorker. 
 
 ' Will have a peculiar interest for horse fanciers." N. Y. Home 
 Journal. 
 
 " Occupies on account of its merit a high place in the upper ranks 
 of equine literature."^. Y. World. 
 
 IPriee, Clotli Blna.inaf> fcl- 
 
10 DAVIDSON & 
 
 THE A.RT OF- 
 
 By AN OLD AND SUCCESSFUL HUNTER. 
 
 A Complete and Practical Guide for the Use of the Amateur or Profet- 
 sional Hunter or Trapper. 
 
 This book will be found very valuable to those who have not had 
 experience in the.se healthy, manly and profitable pursuits. The 
 book is thorough in detail in every resnect. The young sportsman 
 can learn how to use the Gun or R : fle with ease and precision, and 
 become an unerring shot. The mystery of making, setting and bait- 
 ing Traps successfully, is shbwn. 
 
 THE BEST METHODS OF CATCHING ALL KINDS OF FISH, 
 
 Either in the Sea, Lake or River, is told practically and understand- 
 ingly. The whole 
 
 Art of Managing and Training Dogs for Sporting 
 Purposes, 
 
 and all about the care of Skins and Furs, so that they will fetch the 
 highest market price, is given, with a vast amount of other valuable 
 information relating to the Hunter's Craft. 
 
 CO1VTE1VTS. 
 
 ABOUT GUNS How TO SELECT A GUN BREECH-LOADERS How TO LOA 
 A GUN THH; ART OP GUNNINS THE RIFLE AND HOW TO USE IT 
 ABOUT DOGS MANAGEMENT OF DOGS TRAINING OF DOGS BEST 
 DOGS FOR SHOOTERS HUNTING, GUNNING, SHOOTING RABBIT, 
 SNIPE, PARTRIDGE, WOODCOCK AND WILD FOWL SHOOTING DEER 
 AND BUFFALO HUNTING TRAPPING How TO MAKE TRAPS SET- 
 TING AND BAITING TRAPS PROPER SEASON FOR TRAPPING HINTS 
 TO TRAPPERS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS FOR TRAPPING AND SNAREING 
 ALL KINDS OF BlRDS AND ANIMALS FlSHING BAITS, HOOKS, LlNES, 
 RODS, &c How TO CATCH VARIOUS KINDS OF FISH THE ART OF 
 STRETCHING AND CURING SKINS DRESSING AND TANNING SKINS AND 
 FURS COLORING AND DYEING SKINS AND FURS. 
 
 The Book is indispensable to all who delight to Fish, Hunt or 
 Trap, either for sport or profit. The instructions will enable any- 
 one to become thoroughly expert in the Sports and Pastimes of the 
 River, Field or Forest. Illustrations are given, where needed, to 
 elucidate matters, as in the construction of traps, &c. 
 
 This book will place many in a position to turn their spare time 
 to a very profitable account. Furs and Skins are always in de- 
 mand, and if properly caught and managed, sell for large prices 
 IPrloe 35 Cents. 
 
PRICE LIST. 11 
 
 The Best Work on the Horse ever Published. 
 
 THE HORSE-OWNER'S GUIDE. 
 
 AND 
 
 COMPLETE HORSE DOCTOR. 
 
 This is a book that should be in the hands of every one who owns, 
 works, or cares for a horse. It is a book that is needed simple, 
 concise, comprehensive, reliable and practical giving the fullest 
 and best information on all matters that relate to this useful animal. 
 
 In preparing this work, the writer has provided for every possible 
 immergency that may occur in the horse's career. The part devoted 
 to the Diseases of the Horse is especially worthy of admiration, 
 from its clearness, pointedness, and absence of unnecessary tech- 
 nicalities. More practical knowledge can be obtained of the anato- 
 mical structure, the cause and cure of disease, and the laws that 
 govern and regulate health, by an hour's study, than months of 
 reading through a dozen volumes, each costing three times the price 
 of this. 
 
 ABSTRACT OF CONTENTS. 
 
 HOW TO SELECT A\D PURCHASE A HORSE. 
 
 If the directions, given in this section of the work were attended 
 to, no one would be victinrzed with a poor, useless animal. The 
 arts and methods used at sales, and the tricks of low and disreputa- 
 ble dealers are thoroughly exposed. 
 
 STABLE MANAGEMENT. 
 
 This includes the whole art and theory of the care of horses not 
 one matter is overlooked: the care of the stab'e and harness; 
 grooming and dressing; the various kinds of food; best kind of food 
 for different classes of horses; cleaning; turning to grass; and 
 much other matter of an equally important and valuable character 
 is given. 
 
 CONDITION. 
 What it is, and how produced. Medicines not needed. 
 
 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF STABLES. 
 
 Full directions are given to make a perfect stable, besides many- 
 hints well worth knowing-. 
 
 SIMPLK RULES FOR SHOEING AND MANAGEMENT 
 OF THE FEET OF THE HORSE. 
 
 Instructions are given for shoeing horses on a very easy and sim- 
 ple plan ; but the only true and scientific method that ensures com- 
 
12 DAVIDSON & COSS 
 
 fort and safety to the horse. It also gives receipts for foot oint- 
 ments, and how cutting, brushing, groggy feet, lameness, and other 
 diseases of the feet may be avoided, and cured when contracted. 
 How to shoe a lame horse. 
 
 CAUSE OF DISEASE, AND ITS PREVENTION. 
 
 The prevalent errors and overlooked circumstances. Those at 
 prejudice upon the horse are pointed out, and right methods 
 indicated. 
 
 BREAKING AND TRAINING OF HORSES. 
 
 This includes the best known methods of subduing and breaking 
 unruly animals, and the whole art of teaching horses to perform 
 tricks a very useful and interesting chapter. 
 
 PHYSIOL.GY OF THE HORSE. 
 
 General structure of the horse-Points every horse ought to possess 
 The chest B-ick Shoulder Arm Kneo L-ps Teeth Their 
 changes How they indicate the age of the horse Tricks used to 
 change their appearance The foot Errors in shoeing Age the 
 horse will live to Senses of the horse. Much important knowledge 
 that every horse owner should know, 
 
 BREEDING. 
 
 Which parent has the most influence on the colt How determined 
 Care necessary at the time of first impregnation An inferior 
 horse will aftect future progeny Season of " heat " in the mare 
 Uncertainties attending breeding How accounted for Hereditarv 
 defects Period of pregnancy Care of a brood mare Treatment 
 of the foal. 
 
 CURE OF SUCKING COL.TS. 
 
 Effects of bad treatment Heated milk of the mare Method to 
 pursue Weaning Winter Management Handling and Breaking. 
 Harsh usage. 
 
 THE ITIARE FOR A FARMER. 
 Breed Size Weight Build Character Constitution. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
 
 This chapter treats of all the diseases the horse is liable to, giving 
 the symptoms and the most improved method of treatment For- 
 mula of Remedies, &c. A very valuable chapter. 
 
 This work gives just the information wanted, regarding buying, 
 selling, breeding, working and doctoring the horse. It gives the 
 best system of training ever known, the secrets of which are 
 frequently sold for much more than we ask for the whole book. If 
 this book was in the hands of every horse owner throughout the 
 country an incalculable amount of money would be saved yearly, 
 as well as much suffering spared this useful animal. 
 
 This book is very handsomely printed on good paper, and is illus- 
 trated with three very fine double-page engravings on tinted paper, 
 representing the points of a horse, the diseases of the horse, and 
 the muscular system of the horse Price 5O Cents. 
 
PRICE LIST. 13 
 
 /VRT OF TRAINING ANIMALS. 
 
 A complete guide for amateur or professional trainers, explaining 
 the most approved methods of the most celebrated and successful 
 trainers, thoroughly initiating the reader into all the secrets of the 
 profession, exposing various bogus " charms," &c., sold to the cred- 
 ulous at high prices, and telling, in fact, everything connected with 
 the art of breaking, taming, and training all kinds of animals. It 
 includes a new and improved method of horse and colt breaking, 
 selection of horses, management of farm animals, watch and sport- 
 ing dogs, and a complete sys' em of Circus Tricks. Besides all these, 
 it has a chapter on Snake Charming, chapters on Singing, Talking, 
 and Performing Birds, including information which is alone worth 
 the price of the bo..k to any bird owner. 
 
 An idea of the book may be gleaned from the following partial 
 synopsis of a few of its chapters : 
 
 Horse Taming and Horse Training. How to manage ahorse, con- 
 quering vicious and breaking wild horses, kindness and firmness, 
 curing stubborn disposition, the tamers tools, to teach a horse to 
 stop, to teach a horse to back, to make a horse follow you, to stand 
 without holding, whip training, to drive without bit or bridle, to 
 cure balky horses, to prevent harnessed horses running away, to 
 instantly stop a runaway horse. 
 
 Trick Horses Appliances used in teaching tricks, to teach a 
 horse to sit up, to kick at command, to answer questions, to jump, 
 to stand erect, to "pirouette," pedestal feat, to kiss, to fetch and 
 carry, to find hidden articles, to select chosen card, to fire pistol, 
 to dince, to eat at table, to play hand organ, to feign lameness, to 
 walk over you, Ac. 
 
 Performing Dogs Simple tricks and training, to teach him his 
 name, to leap, to walk erect, to dance, to jump rope, to sit and lie 
 down at command, to beg, to give his paw, to sneeze, to speak for 
 it, to fetch and carry, to bring you his tail in his mouth, to stand on 
 a ball and roll it up and down a plank, to walk on stilts, to go up 
 and down a ladder, to stand on his head and walk on fore legs, to 
 "sing," lump of sugar trick, to feign death. 
 
 Wonderful Feats of Dogs. Celebrated canine 1 performers of the 
 world, to teach dogs the alphabet, to select from a number of articles 
 any article called for, to place any article in any place directed, or 
 give it to any designated person, to eat any article of food and leave 
 any other as he may be ordered, to play dominoes. " Munito " and 
 "Mile. Bianca," their wonderful performances, how they were 
 really acheived, tricks of exhibitors, as well as tricks of performers, 
 real education vs. clever deception, full details of training, canine 
 actors. 
 
 And OVER TWENTY other chapters. Gives more information about, 
 training animals in a single chapter than any other entire tpork. It is 
 
14 DAVID&ON d CO. 1 8 
 
 cram full of stories and anecdotes about celebrated performing 
 animals, and is a most interesting and readable book, even to those 
 who care little for the mere secrets and instructions. Over 20O 
 large 12mo. pages, and over 6O illustrations. Only $1.0O. 
 
 Just published, and may be had by mail, post paid, on receipt of 
 price. 
 
 "Every man who owns an animal, from a horse to a canary bird, 
 should have a copy. It will teach him more in a week than he could 
 
 learn in a lifetime without it No more acceptable book could be 
 
 put into the hands of boys who live in the country It will at once 
 
 take its place as a standard work We do not know of a book bet- 
 ter worth the price asked for it. New York Evening Press. 
 
 " It seems to be a guide not only to teaching the more intelligent 
 of the dumb beasts good 1 ricks, but also of breaking them of bad 
 ones." Prov. Morn. Herald. 
 
 "It is highly spoken of by those capable of judging." Chicago 
 Ece. Journal. 
 
 "Will commend itself to most readers interested in animals." 
 Boston Evening Traveler. 
 
 "The anecdotes are quite amusing, and will entertain both old 
 and young." Advance, Chicago. 
 
 " The general method recommended is reasonable." Brooklyn 
 Daily Eagle. 
 
 " A more complete manual of the art of animal training than this 
 would be difficult to imagine. " N. Y. Evening Express. 
 . "The teachings are very clear, and the illustrations numerous, 
 leaving nothing in the dark." American Union. 
 
 " With all its precision, it is by no means a purely didactic work, 
 but mingles with its clear directions a number of pleasant facts, 
 pleasantly told." Day Book. 
 
 $250 I^FOR V MAT S I E ON For 50 Cents. 
 
 By means of circulars and newspaper advertisements a thriving 
 business is done in Felling recipes, rights to make or use wonderful 
 discoveries, and various secrets, &c. Some of them are good, some 
 worthless, some fraudulent. Many invest a few shillings or dollars 
 out of mere curiosity or in hopes of money making or gaining 
 knowledge. We have collected at cost of over $250 all the promi- 
 nent of these advertised things. Their sellers we find have no ex- 
 clusive right to them, so we propose to give our $250 worth to 
 tne public in a neat little book which we call the 
 
 BOOK OF ADVERTISED WONDERS. 
 
 This gives the good, bad and indifferent, but with comments explain- 
 ing the real character of each. The following list will give an idea 
 of the contents : 
 
PRICE LIST. 15 
 
 It tells you how to make vinegar in tea hours from molasses, 
 sorghum cicer, &c., without drugs or chemicals; American Gin 
 Without any Distillation at 16 cts. per pint ; Premium Mead ; Ale 
 Without Malt or Hops ; Cure for Asthma ; Imitation Cognac Brandy 
 Equal to Finest French Genuine ; Glycerine Cement ; Chinese Art 
 of Dwarfing Trees; How to Raise the Vinegar Plant; Bee-keeper's 
 Secret for Securing Fertilization of Young Queens by any Drones 
 desired ; How to Secure nearly Double the Usual Product in Artifi- 
 cial Fish Raising ; Chemical Paint, durable and odorless, of any 
 color, Without Oil ; Great Waterproof Varnish for Boots and Shoes ; 
 Kapnophyte, the new departure in Fertilizers; Great Art of Chemi- 
 cal /ing Manure ; Grpat Vegeta-ble Remedy for Burns, Scalds, &c. ; 
 Food fur Mocking Birds ; Death to the C<nton Worm ; India-rubber 
 Cement ; Pound of Butter from a Pint of Milk ; Ottawa Beer ; Ar- 
 tificial Rubber from Milkweed. 
 
 Nickel plating Without a Battery; Art of Saw-filing ; Remedv for 
 Love of Strong Drink ; Hunter's Secrets and Private Guide to Trap- 
 pers ; " Mad Stones," how to find, how to Prepare, and how to use 
 the great natural remedy for bites of poisonous or rabid animals ; 
 Seltzer Aperient; Excelsior Axle Grease ; Art of Sharpening Saws; 
 Magical British Washing Powder; Printers' Indispensable, Improv- 
 ing and Drying Inks of all kinds and colors greatest help to good 
 printing ever invented; Imperial Fiy Paper, or "catch 'em slive 
 oh!'' Soluble Blues, or Liquid Blueing; Eaelish Harness Blacking ; 
 Preserving Grapes in the |r Natural Condition all Winter; How to 
 make Brandy from Shavings; Apple Butter Without Apples; Old 
 Orchards Made New, Kainite, or Tree Msdiciue ; Safety Gunpowder; 
 One Hun-lred Pounds of Soap for One Dollar ; How to Keep Apples 
 Fresh and Sound all Winter; Tyler's Permeating Powder; How to 
 Restore Vitality of Seeds; Hunter's Secret; How to Make Money 
 from Tomatoes ; Chinese Art of Catching Fish ; Infallible Remedy 
 for Potato Rot; Liquid Black Lead Polish ; "All Farmers and Horse, 
 Owners ;" Barrel of Soft Soap for 75 cts.; Dead Shot for Rose Slugs; 
 Scrofula Ointment; Rat Killing Without Traps or Poison; Baking 
 Powder ; Maple Sugar Without Maple Trees. 
 
 Fifty Methods of Making Money; Fire-proof Paint; Premium 
 Black Writing Ink; Magic Copying; Vegetable Salve; Counterfeit 
 Detector ; Art of Painting on Glass ; Celebrated Chemical Com- 
 pound; Hunter's Secret; Soft Soap; Starch Polish; Cider Better 
 than from Apples, and Not Intoxicating ; Rheumatic L ; niment; 
 Magnetic Ointment; Indian Pills; Red Ink; Blue Ink; Indelible 
 Ink, Without Preparation; Luminous Ink; Red Ruling Ink; Yellow 
 Ink; Invis'ble Ink; Waterproof Composition ; Gunpowder ; Shaving 
 Soap; Hard Solder; Sofr Solder; SLver Plating Fluid; Great Pain 
 Extractor; Matches; Horse Taming; Oil-paste Blacking; Metals 
 Preserved from Rust ; Sealing Wax; Cologne Water ; Hair Restora- 
 tive; Curling Liquid for the Hair; Excelsior Hair Oil; Celebrated 
 Tooth Powder; Cough Syrup; Universal Liniment; Brick Paint; 
 Wood Paint; Best Varnish; Leather Varnish ; Almond Soap ; Fancy 
 Soap; Non-explosive Burning Fluid; Florida Water ; Macassar Oil; 
 Lavender Perfumed Water ; Buffilo Oil. 
 Sun-light Oil ; Corassa Compound ; Inman's Cure for Nervous 
 
10 DAVIDSON & CO.' 8 
 
 Weakness, c. ; Clover yinegar; Curing Pork Without Brine ; Sure 
 and Safe Remedy for Warts ; Electric Blacking ; How to Add 50 per 
 cent to Yield of Grain at Trifling Labor and Expense ; Hardening 
 Gloss for Printer's Inks; Whiskers in Six Weeks; Deautiful Art of 
 Transferring any kind of Pictures to Glass; Great American Wash- 
 ing Flud; Liebig's Great Fertilizer; Gilding Without a Battery; 
 Water Witching, or Art of Finding Hidden Water, Oil, or other 
 valuable Fluids, Beneath the Ground with the Forked Switch ; Yeast 
 from Grape Leaves; How to Soften Hard Water; Butter Without 
 Milk or Cream artificial butter that cannot be told from genuine; 
 Chinese Cure for Neuralgia; Pain Pant; Artificial Svrups for Soda 
 Water, and a Secret for Adding Largely to Profits ; M>at Preserving 
 in Hot Weather ; Bordeaux Wine Imitation ; Art of Waterproofing 
 Cloth; Phycometic Fascination, or Art of Soul Charming; Co'ored 
 Fires for Theatrical and other purposes ; Boiler Incrustation Pre- 
 ventive ; Vegetable Cure for Hydrophobia; Egg Preserving Secret; 
 Laundry Secrets ; Art of Pickling Meat in One Day. One hundred 
 pages. Price Fifty Cents. 
 
 Address all orders : 
 
 DAVIDSON & CO., 
 
 86 Nassau Street, 
 IE 5 . O- BCXXL !2!396. NEW YORK CITY, 
 
 OUTR, TERMS. 
 
 Orders less than $5 must be accompanied by the money. Orders 
 amounting to $5, and over, will be sent C. 0. D. (collect on delivery) 
 if desired, but a deposit of 10 per cent, must accompany order, at 
 our risk if by registered letter. Except to the Territories, where 
 orders les* than $25 must be accompanied by the money, and on or- 
 ders over $25, sent C. 0. D., a deposit of 25 percent, will be required 
 to insure express charges and freight in case goods are not taken. 
 A written guarantee from Express Agent that goods will be taken 
 will answer the same as deposit. 
 
 When ordering by telegraph make your deposit with Express 
 Agent, who will order for you. 
 
 Parties will find it cheaper to forward full amount with their or- 
 der, as all collections are subject to charges for returning money. 
 Remi.tances can be made with perfect safety by Draft, Money-Order 
 or Registered Letter.